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Gettysburg  College 
Library 

GETTYSBURG,  PA. 

Presented  by 

John  B.  Keith  »37 

and 

Mrs.  C.  Harold  Johnson 

in  memory  of 
their  father 

Atty.  John  D.  Keith 
Class  of  1899 


Accession 
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p       HARE  BOOK  ROOM 

157 

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HISTOBY 


CUMBERLAND  AND  ADAMS 


COUNTIES, 


PENNSYLVANIA. 


Containing  History  of  the  Counties,  Their  Townships,  Towns, 

Villages,  Schools,  Churches,  Industries,  Etc.;  Portraits  of 

Early  Settlers  and  Prominent  men;  Biographies; 

History  of  Pennsylvania,  Statistical  and 

Miscellaneous  Matter,  etc.,  etc. 


ILLUSTRATED. 


CHICAGO: 

WARNER.    BEERS    &    CO., 

1886. 


gABf  SOOK   ROIHV 

F 

cant 


CHICAGO: 
JOHN   MORRIS  COMPANY,   PRINTERS 

118  AND   120  MONROE  STREET. 


PREFACE. 

IN  presenting  the  Historj  of  Cumberland  and  Llama  Ooontiea  bo  its  pa 
3]  the  publishers  bave  to  acknowledge,  with  gratitude,  the  encour 
,1  and  Buppori  their  enterpi  i  assist- 

"ut  the  many  unforesei  n 
ae1  with  La  the  production  of  a  work  of  su  ide      To  procure 

the  materials  tor  ite epilation,  official  records  bave  been  carefully  exam 

ievrepaper  til. arched;  manuscripts,  letters  and  memoranda  have 

•  interviewed;  and  the  wholi 
,  l  has  l u  so  collated  and  systematized  as  to  render  it  easy  of  refer 

11.'  who  expects  to  find  the  work  entirely  free  from  errors  or  defects  has 
little  knowledge  of  the  difficulties  attending  the  preparation  of  a  wi 
kind,  and  should  indulgently  bear  in  mind  that  "it  is  much  easier 

ct."  '  It  is,    th.-r.-r. mc.  trusted  thai  the  History  will 
I    ,N  the  public  in  thai  generous  spirit  which  is  gratified  at  honesl 
and  conscientious  effort. 

The  publishers  have  been  fortunate  in  securing  the  services  of  a  staff  of 
g  historians,  who  have  been  materially  assisted  bj  th 
and  of  the  various  professions,  by  the  public  of] 
and  „,  is  of  both  counties,  of  whom  personal  mention  would 

^ladlv  here  be  made,  did  apace  pe: 

The  book  has  been  divided  into"  three  parts      The  outline  history  of  the 
Stat.-  in  Part  I,  is   from  the  pen  of    Prof.   Samuel  P 

.ill...  Penn.     The  genen  ;   Cumberland  County,  in   Part  II, 

rritten,  tor  the  most  part,  by  P.  A.  Durant  and  J.  Fraise  Richard 
Chapter  YH1  ("B  Bar")  and  the  sketch 

i  I  County,  in  the  same  part,  being  pre 
i  Bellman.     Part  DI  contain    the  History  of  Adams  Conn 
hroniclesofwbichwereuiitt.n  bj   H.  C.   Brad 
LngChapter  X  ("Natural  Historj    of  Adams  County")  and  Chapter XX 

on"),  which  are  from  the  pen  of  Aaron  Sheely,  of  Gettysl 
whil.-  the    i  I"1    Boroughs  of  Adams  Cot  <<■■    Part  III, 

have  been  treated  of   bj   M  I  The    Biographical   p.partment  of 

each  county  is  of  special  interest,  and  those  of  whom  portrait*  have  been  in 
I  are  found  among  the  n  -1   the  twocounties. 

The   volume,    which    is    one   of  generou  placed  in  the 

la  of  the  public  with  the  belief  that  it  will  be  found  to  be  a  valuabli 
ri  but  ion  to  local  literal  1 1 

THE  PUBLISH: 


/  <-//„  Lt  4,,r 


CONTENTS. 


PAET  I. 


HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


PASS. 

[aoob- 
[ej    1824  85.     William  Van  Hulsl 
M limit,  1626-33.     David    Pi 

driller, 



. !  R    II  ->ir    William    B 
Peter  Minuit,  ndaer, 

IW1-M.    Johi  3tny- 

.lohn  I  «*-83 

i  i  i:  [XL— John    Paul  Ja<  q 

ran  Van  Dyok. 
man,  1668-63.    Alex. 
ri'IIiuoyossa.  II  33-85 

ill  v  I- 1 !  . 1664-67    Rob- 

ert   Seedhai 

ihn     Parr,    1668-78.      Anthony 
1678-74      Petei    ' 

:  11  V.— Sir  Edmund  Andros,    U 
Kdmund  Cantwell,    1674  76     John   Collier, 

latopher  Billop,  1677-81 41-60 

CM  IPTEB    vi.    William    Markham,    II 

William  Penn,  1682-81 51  61 

KiVf 

nissioners,  1666-88.     John   Blackwell, 

t\.     William 
Markham.     169  Fli  idler, 

William   Markham.  II 

:  K    VIII  -William    Penn,     1699  1701. 
Andrew  Kami  I  n  ird   3hip- 

■     I   harles 
17 


i'ai. i' 
CHAPTEB    IX.— Sir  William    Keith,   1717-26. 

Patrick    loi i        '  Logan 

17.    Anthony 

Palmer,  1747   IE     Jami  t  Hamilton   1748-54 
76-89 

CHAPTEB  X.— Bobert  II    Morris,  1754  58    W   I 

Ham  L76i    8      James    Hamilion, 

89-97 

CHAPTEB  M  John  Perm.  1768  II,  .Tames 
Hamilton,  1771  Rii  hard  Penn,  1771  78. 
John  Penn,  it?::  76 98-104 

CHAPTEB  XII.— Thomas  Wharton,  Jr.,  1777- 
78.    Gi  aBeea,1778 

-81.    William  Moon      •   '          lohn  1 1 
son.    i                        min   Franklin,  1785-88 
104-114 

EB     Xm.— Thomas    Uifflln,    1788-99. 
Thomas  MoKi  ■       vder, 

1808-1         '         in  Findlay,  1817-20     roeepfa 
Helster.l  ohn 

Jon  oh     B 
183549 HI    1-1 

CHAPTER  XIV.— David  1889-45. 
-hunk,  1846  lv  William  F. 
Johnston,  1848  12  William  Blgler,  1862-55. 
John  Pollock  1855-68.  William  F.  Packer, 
1868  hi  Andrew  '  r.  I  urtin,  1861  67.  .Tohn 
w  Geary.  1867-78  John  F  llariranft, 
1873  7s  Henry  F.  Ho 
i:   Patttson,  1882-86 12!  181 

.  nal.rial  Tabic 132 


PART  II. 


HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 


I   R   L— DBS)  KI1T1VI. 8  7 

iby — i  leology— Topography,  etc. 

CHAPTEB  II.     Pi 

"Loulher  If  anor,"  etc.— Taxes  paid  from 

oun  In  the 

North  Valley— Taxabli  inty  in 

VOA    Animals  and 

Fish— Customs  and  Habits— Formation    of 
Townships  and  Boroughs— Lai  d- 


CHAPTER  in— i Nhi an  History 41-66 

and  Indian  War— Pontlac's  War. 

■  HAJPTEB  iv.-ii.i-.n   Org  ikizatioi 68  77 

i 

:    ml. I 

ini;s  -In- 

Roada— RaU- 

i    II.M'II.U  V.— MlMlAl'.v  77-108 


CONTENTS. 


Cumberland  Couiity  ia  the  Revolution— 
The  Whisky  Insurrection— The  War  of  1812 
—The  Mexican  War. 

CHAPTER  VI.— Military  (Continued) 109-130 

Carlisle  Barracks— Cumberland  County  in 
the  War  of  the  Rebellion. 

CHAPTER  VII.— Courts 130-138 

County  Officials— Members  of  Congress, 
Senators  and  Assemblymen. 

CHAPTER  VIII.— Bench  and  Bar 138-170 

Provincial  Period— From  the  Revolution 
Until  the  Adoption  of  the  Constitution  of 
1790— Constitutional  Period. 

CHAPTER  IX.— Medical . .......170-187 

Biographical— Physicians  in  Cumberland 
County  since  1879— Physicians  in  Cumber- 
land County  Registered  in  Office  of  Protho- 
notary  at  Carlisle— Cumberland  County 
Medical  Society. 

CHAPTER  X— The  Press .188-196 

Of  Carlisle— Of  Shippenshurg— Of  Me- 
cbanicsburg— Of  Newville— Of  Mount  Holly. 

CHAPTER  XI.— Educational 195-206 

Legal  History— Early  Schools— Dickinson 
College—  Met/.gar  Female  Institute— Indian 
Industrial  School— Cumberland  Valley  State 
Normal  School— Teachers'  Institute— Coun- 
ty Superintendents. 

CHAPTER   XII.— RELIGIOUS 207-220 

Presbyterian  Church— Episcopal  Church 

—  Methodist  Church  —  Roman  Catholic 
Church— Herman  Reformed  church— Luth- 
eran Church— Church  of  God  —  German 
Baptists— United  Brethren— The  Mennon- 
ites— Evangelical  Association. 

CHAPTER  XIII  —Political 221-222 

Slavery  in  Cumberland  County,  etc. 

CHAPTER  XIV.— Agricultural .....225-228 

Cumberland  County  Agricultural  society 
—Grangers'    Picnic-Exhibition,    Williams' 
Grove. 
CHAPTER  XV.— The  Formation  of  Town- 
ships, etc 228-22'.' 

The  First  Proprietary  Manor— Formation 
of  Townships— Organization  of  Boroughs. 

CHAPTER  XVI.— Borough  of  Carlisle....229-218 
Its  Inception  —  Survey  —  First  Things- 
Meeting  of  Captives— Revolutionary  Period 
—War  of  1812— Growth  of  the  Town,  etc.— 
The  Borough  in  1846— McClintook  Riot- 
War  of  the  Rebellion— Situation,  Public 
Buildings,  etc.  —  Churches  —  Cemeteries  — 
Schools,  Institutes  and  College— Newspapers 
—Manufacturing  Establishments,  etc.— Gas 
and  Water  Company— Societies— Conclusion. 

CHAPTER  XVII.^Borough   of   Mechanics- 

buro 249-256 

Its  Beginning— Growth— William  Arm- 
strong—Population— War  of  the  Rebellion 

—  Schools  and  Educational  Institutes- 
Churches  —  Newspapers  —  Public  Hall  and 
Market  House— Banking  Institutions—  Gas 
and  Water  Company— Societies— Conclusion. 

CHAPTER  XVIII.— Borough    of  Shippens- 

B0Kli 257-268 

Its  First  Settlement—  Early  Reminiscences 
—List  of  Original  Land  Purchasers— Early 
Hotels  in  Shippenshurg— Churches— Cem- 
eteries —  Schools  —  Newspapers  —  Bank  — 
Societies. 

CHAPTER   XIX.  —  Borough  of  Siiirf.ma.ns- 

TOWN ■ 21IS-209 

Locality— Origin  of  Name— Churches- 
Societies— Miscellaneous. 


page. 

CHAPTER  XX.— Cook  Township 269-270 

Formation  —  Topography  —  Roads  —  Pine 
Grove  Furnace  and  Laurel  Forge— George 
Stevenson— Postoffice  and  Railroad. 

CHAPTER  XXI.— Dickinson  Township 270-275 

Formation  —  Topography  —  Railroads- 
Original  Settlers,  Early  Land-Owners  and 
Settlers— Negro  Kidnaping— Hotel,  etc.— 
Churches— Schools,  etc. 

CHAPTER     XXII.  —  East      PenhsbobOUOH 
Township  and  Borough  of  Camp  Hill 



Origin— Name— Boundary— Early  History 
—Villages  —  Miscellaneous  —  Borough  -of 
Camp  Hill — Location,  etc. — Name,  etc. — 
Church  and  Cemetery. 

CHAPTER    XXIII.— Frankford    Township 

278-286 

Formation  —  Boundary  —  Topography  — 
Earliest  Settlers— The  Butler  Family— Vil- 
lage. 

CHAPTER  XXIV.— Hampden  TOWNSHIP...286-290 

Formation  —  Boundary  —  Topography  — 

Early     Settlers— Mills,    Bridges,    etc.— The 

Indians— Paxtou     Manor    in     Hampden — 

Churches— Hamlets— Miscellaneous. 

CHAPTER  XXV.— Hopewell  TOWNSHIP  and 

Borough  of  Nkwburg 290    198 

Formation  —  Topography  —  Early  Settle- 
ment—The Bradys— Hopewell  Academy — 
Miscellaneous — Borough  of  Newburg— 
Location— The  Village  in  1819,  1S45  and 
1886— "The  Sunny  Side  Female  Seminary." 

CHAPTER  XXVI.— Lower  Allen  Township 
and  Borough  of  New  Cumberland...29k-3»6 

Formation,  Locality,  Boundary,  etc. — In- 
dians— Early  Settlers— Character  of  Soil,  etc. 
— Lisburn  —  Milltown  —  Churches  —  Ceme- 
teries—Schools— Miscellaneous— Borough 
of  New  Cumberland— Location — Origin 
— Early  Incidents  and  Industries — Incorpo- 
ration—Railro  ids,  etc. — New  Cumberland 
of  To-day— Churches—  Miscellaneous. 

CHAPTER   XXVII.— Middlesex    Township 

305-307 

Formation,  Boundary  and  Topography- 
Railroad— Early  Settlers — Middlesex — Car- 
lisle Springs— Miscellaneous. 

CHAPTER  XXVIII.— Mifflin  Township..307-312 
Formatiou,  Boundary  and  Topography — 
Indian  Trail  and  Vill.ig. — First  Settlement 
—The  William- .n  M  •.»  hmI  other  Early 
Incidents — Block  Houses — Capt.  Samuel 
Brady-First  Settlers  Along  Big  Run- 
Early  Roads, Viewers,  etc.—  Sulphur  Spring!, 
etc.— Churches— Miscellaneous. 

CHAPTER  XXIX.— Monroe  Township 316  317 

Formation  —  Boundary  —  Topography  — 
First  Settlers— Churches  and  Cemetery — 
Schools,  Industries,  etc.  — Villages. 

CHAPTER  XXX.— Newton    Township   and 

Borough  of  Nevvvillk  317-327 

Formation  —  Boundary  —  Topography  — 
General  Description— Indian  Pack  Trail- 
Fort  Carnahan— Early  Settlers— The  Sharp 
Family— Other  Pioneers— Villages— Miscel- 
laneous— Borough  of  Newville — Loca- 
tion —  Incorporation  —  First  Settlement — 
First  Sale  of  Lots— First  Hotels.  Stores,  etc. 
Incorporation,  etc. — An  Historical  Charac- 
ter— Churches— Cemetery — Educational  In- 
stitutions— Newspapers — Banks— Fire  De- 
partment—Societies. 

CHAPTER  XXXI.— North  Middlkton  Town- 
ship  

Origin  —  Boundary  —  Description  — Early 
Settlers— "Heads  of  Families"— The  Cave- 
Meeting  House  Springs— The  Grave-yard  at 
Meeting  House  Springs — Miscellaneous. 


CHAPT1 

i  iidus- 
P or  Settlers— VII- 

OHAF1  I  B   EXXTIl  --n  \  i  n    -n:is.     i 

^111 1- 

Formation  —  Boundary, 

UK' I.' 

iwo-  New   Kin 
— Km   - 

•  TV— 

■  ins. 

c  H  utfi:     \\\iv      -  [  rWH- 

l  bar- 

lllagea 

—Middle  Spring  Chun  raro— 

Mi. II 

Oil--'. 


CHAPTE1  -.i  in      Mil i  i 

Hoi  i  v  Bpbiw 

Origii 
and 
Earh 

Earh    i:.  i.m.i  .  .in  .      i  in  i  v   Bettlemenl 
anil  l  i  ii  —  In- 

, .it ,    ■  i.      Churchi 

CHAPTER    XXI 



I 
Mill-. 

i 

ill  U'I'Kl:    \  WVI1.     v  .ii 

Township  

[te  Origin— 

inneous. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES-  PART  II. 


"i" 

i *05 

1*7 

Borough  of 442 

Bhiremmnatown,  Borough  of *86 

Cook   Co*  ashlp 458 

ship 469 

East  Penneborougb  Township  and  liorough  of 

1 1  ill 465 

Frank  for  i  Township 476 

I    township 479 

Hopewell  Tow  nsbip  ai  &  I 

Lower  Allen    rowiahl] I  Borough  of   New 

Cumberland 492 


Middlesex  Township 498 

owoship 

i  OH  DShlp 

i|. 517 

North  Hlddleton  Townshl) 525 

626 

Silver  Sprit  o3s 

Southampton  Townabi] 546 

South    Mi. 1. 11. ion    Township    and    Borough   of 

Mount  Holly  Springs 649 

I  pper  All  , 562 

Weal  Pennsborougb  Township 574 


PORTRAITS— PART  II. 


.Mil,  i  .   W 123 

Ahl,  Daniel  V 268 

Ahl.John  A 188 

Ahl,  Peter  A 868 

Ahl,  Thomas  W 213 

Bottler,  Abraham 48 

□ever,  George 293 

Coyle,  Janus 283 

lam  W.,M.  I) 83 

Gorges,  S,  I' 58 

'■ii    William  E 23 

Heiontii,  D 78 

Herman.  A.  .1.,  M.  |i 103 

Mutton.  .lohn 

Kauttinan,   Levi 273 

l:  .A.   M  .  M.  Ii 63 

Manning,  II  243 

113 


Miller,  Capt  ™\  E i 

I 

Moore,  i   A I 

Moser,  lion.  II  G Part  1, 

M.illin.  A.  F ! 

1 

w. ■ 

Plank,  A.  W.. 

■  apt  i:   II 

i:.  i.   i    I' ! 

lion.  W.  F 

:  .  M.  I) 

Snyder,  Bimon I 

Stewart,  Alex.M.D 

i:    ii 

When  Parti, 

Wing,  ttev  '  onwayF 


CONTENTS. 


PAET  III. 


HISTORY  OF  ADA.MS  COUNTY. 


CHAPTER  L— Introductory a  " 

CHAPTER  II  —The  Indians • : 7-1'' 

French  aud  Indian  War— Mary  Jamison, 
The  Indian  Queen— Hance  Hamilton— Mc- 
Cord's  Fort— Associated  Companies  in  York 
'County  in  1756. 

CHAPTER  ni.— The  Mason  and  Dixon  Line 

"German,  Scotch  1  rish  and  Jesuit  Immigra- 
tion in  1734 —  Lord  Baltimore  and  William 
Penn— Border  Troubles— Temporary  Divid- 
ing Line— Mason  aud  Dixon-Their  Survey 
—Thomas  Cresap— "  Diggcs'  Choice  —  Zacn- 
ary  Butcher. 

CHAPTER  IV.— First  Settler .....14-17 

Andrew  Shriver-Extracts  from  Hon. 
Ahraham  Shriver's  Memoir— Early  Settlers 
—French  Huguenots— Their  Settlement  in 
Pennsylvania. 

CHAPTER  V.— Second  Arrivals 17-23 

Penn's  Purchase— "Manor of  Maske"— Sur- 
Tey  —  Obstructions  —  Compromise  —  "  Car- 
roll's Delight"— List  of  Early  Settlers  on 
the  Manor,  and  Warrantees— "  Old  Hill" 
Church— Presbyterian  Congregation  in 
Cumberland  Township. 

CHAPTER  VI.— The  "  Little  Conewago  Setj 
tlement" :■"■■■■"/ :"",m'i 

"  Digges'Choice  "—Land  Purchases  in  1734, 
1738  and  1742— Records  of  1752. 


2: 1-24 


CHAPTER  VII.— Early  Marriages 24-31 

Rev.  Alexander  Dobbin— His  son,  James- 
Record  of  Marriages  during  Kev.  Alex.  Dob- 
bin's Entire  Pastorate,  1774  to  1808. 

CHAPTER  VIII.— The  Revolution 31-36 

Adams  (York)  County  in  the  Struggle- 
First  Company  from  Pennsylvania-The  In- 
dependent Light  Infantry  Company— Flying 
Camp— Roster  of  Officers,  Adams  (York) 
County. 

CHAPTER  IX.— Erection  of  County 36-43 

Date  of  its  Creation— Boundary  Line,  Area 
and  Population— James  Gettys — Selection  of 
County  Seat— Taxes  Levied— County  Build- 
ings. 

CHAPTER  X.— Natural  History  of  Adams 

County *^5* 

Geology— Mineralogy— The  South  Moun- 
tain—The "  Barrens  "—Destruction  of  For- 
ests— Streams—  Elevations— Scenery— Trees 
and  Shrubs— Fish— Birds. 

CHAPTER  XL— Roads .........55-56 

Turnpikes— Railroads— Baltimore  &  Han- 
over Railroad— Gettysburg  &  Harrisburg 
Road— The  Old  "  Tape  Worm  "  Line. 

CHAPTER  XII.— Customs  and  Manners 57-71 

Distinct  Streams  of  Immigrants— Industry 
and  Religion— Getting  a  start— Their  Com- 
merce—Receptions—Improvements. 

CHAPTER  XIII.— Sketches  and  Etchings...71-78 
The  McCleans  — The  Mcl'bersons  — Gen. 
Reed— Dr.  Crawford— Col.  Slagle— t'ol.Grier 
—Victor  King  — Judge  Black— Thaddeus 
Stevens— Patrick  McSherry  — Col.  Hance 
Hamilton— The  Gulps— William  McClellan 
— Capt.  Bettinger— James  Cooper. 


PAGE. 

CHAPTER  XIV.— War  of  1812 .........78-84 

Adams  County    Regiments— The    Feder- 
alists and  Democrats—"  Friends  of  Peace 
Meetings— Toasts— Close  of  War. 

CHAPTER  XV .-Civil  War ...„...........84-87 

Recruiting  in  Adams  county—  The  Mili- 
tary Companies  and  Their  Regiments— Corp. 
Skelly  Post,  No.  9,  G.  A.  R. 

CHAPTER  XVI.— Officials ......87-97 

Members  of  Congress— Senators  and  As- 
semblymen—County Officials. 

CHAPTER  XVII.— Bench  and  Bar 98-103 

First  Court—"  Circuit  Riders  "—Visiting 
Attorneys-Jonathan  F.  Haight,  First  Res- 
ident Attorney— Lawyers  from  1801  to  1885. 

CHAPTER  XVIII.— Political 103-115 

The  Revolution— Party  Spirit— Jefferson 
and  Hamilton— First  County  Convention- 
Republicans,  Democrats  and  Federals— 
Hon  William  McSherrv— Political  factions 
—Elections— Federalists  and  Republicans 
("Democrats")— A  "Cockade"  Row— Fed- 
eral-Republicans and  Democrats  —  The 
Centinel— Elections  to  1814. 

CHAPTER  XIX.— Postoffices 116-121 

Petition  to  Postmaster  General  in  1795 — 
Postmasters  in  County,  Past  and  Present. 

CHAPTER  XX.— Education 121-135 

Pioneer  Schools— Pioneer  Teachers— 
PioneerSchoolhouses— Christ  Church  School 
—East  Berlin  School— Gettysburg  Classical 
School— Gettysburg  Industrial  School- 
English  School  in  Gettysburg— Gettysburg 
Academy— Gettysburg  Female  Institute- 
Gettysburg  Female  Academy— Theological 
Seminary— Gettysburg  Gymnasium— Penn- 
sylvania College— New  Oxford  College  and 
Medical  Institute— Hunterstown  English 
and  Classical  Academy— Catholic  Schools— 
The  Free  School  System— The  County  Sup- 
erintendency— Educational  Meetings— Con- 
clusion—Tabular  Statements. 

CHAPTER  XXL— Societies 135-13T 

Debating  Societies— The  Gettysbury  Sen- 
timental Society— Poluglassic  Society— The 
Gettysburg  Debating  and  Sentimental 
Society. 

CHAPTER  XXII.— Newspapers 138-145 

The  Centinel—  Interesting  Items— Necrol- 
ogy— The.  Slur  and. Sentinel— The  Compiler— The 
Century— York  Springs  Cornet— Weekly  Visitor 
Weekly  Ledger— Crystal  Palace— Liulestown 
Press— Littleslown  Hews— The  Courier— Littles- 
town  Era— New  Oxford  Item— Intelligencer— 
Wochenblatt—  Yellow  Jacket— Record. 

CHAPTER  XXIIL— Old  Time  Reminiscences 

'"citizens  in  Gettysburg  Between  1817  and 
1829— Interesting  Items. 

CHAPTER  XXIV.— Battle  of   Gettysburg 

"ijee's  Northward  Movement  in  1863 — 
Rallying  the  Forces— The  Battle— The  Re- 
sult, Lee's  Defeat— At  Meade's  Headquarters 
—Numerical  strength  of  the  Two  Armies 
—Effects  Following  the  Battle— National 
Cemetery. 
CHAPTER  XXV.— Borough  of  Gettysburg 

"'Hance  Hamilton  and  Richard  McAllister 
—James  Gettys— Old  Plat  of  the  Town— 


CONTENTS 


Town 
Com] 
Inery  ■  burohee-  6.    a.    EL 

CH  LPTEB   XX\  -"»  -ii 

01  it,  rradltlon  Is  at 

Fault— Praollceoi  Medicine  in  Early  Hays— 

■  UD IDtl      M<    ■ 

Presenl  Llcena   L  Pracl 
CHAPT1  K  wvii  — Bbrwk  k  Township  un> 

■ 

1  .r  of  the  Rebellion   -Ballwaj 

and  i 
—Location,  >  f 

eul    Valuation,  I7D9       <  Hliclala, 

i  >octe* 
tie- 

(II  LPTER  \W  Ml      Bon  n:  T0WW8H1 

i    -  Topography  —  Qoologlca] 

■ 

I    and 
len   Postoffice— Table  liuck— Texas— 
Miscalls 

OHAPTEfi  \  \l  X.— CosowAOoTowKSHir  am> 
Boroi 

. 
Features— Blacken  ake   "i    Ron 
Otbei 

Railroad-    ami    Pike  S   il u- 

ation,  isol— Churches  n^h- 

town  —  BOBOOOB    "i     McShkbeystowh — 
Hon— 
First  E  ectlon— Convent   ^<  ihoola— Associa- 
tion—'*: 

CHAPTEB    XXX    —  Cumberland    TOwk- 



Btreamaand  Bills   <}eologlcal  Featun 
Indi.i  i  Pike 

di  — Rallroada    and  i  oad — 

<  trlglnnl    Lad  eers— 

■■  Manor   <-i    Masks       List   ol     3quatt< 

•   Military  — 
Churches-    Cemetei  lea—  Schools      M 
htneoua. 


OHAPTE  R  wxi  —i  KAitEun  i 

.iphy — <  rOOlOgicaJ       I  GAl  ■ 

Domena— 4  !ensi 

Valuation,  1799— Mary    lamlson 

— *  lharcbea — At. 

■ 


Kl 


Oaahiown    ... 

— Buchanan  Vs 

— Ofaaoiberlin'a— Mlace 


CHAPTER  XWli  — Fun  doe  Townsiiii 

itlon 
—Irish Settlers   -"Manor  ol   Maake 

Dixon"    Mile- 
stones— Chorobes —  Military. 

CHAPTER    XXXin   —Germany    Towesiup 

AM)     ! 

ly  Merchants—  Census- 
Railroad    anil    Pike 

offices— >chooi    System—*'  Diggee'    '  hoice" 
•■-teed    Valuation,  OP 

□Bus—  Village 
In   r 

til  snd   newspapers— In<  on  oration— 
OnVuab— i  hnrahes — i  emel 

CHAPTEB    XXX1Y.— IWmu.i    %     T0WE8HIP 
tun  B  271-276 

-  —  Topography  —  Turnpike  and 
dilation,  1811 
Post- 
office— Borodob  ■•*■  Eabi  Bkrlik— Loca- 
tion, etc.— Census— Incorporation--*  ijlicials 
—  Iti  History—  churches  and  Schools  — 
Societies,  etc. 


PIGS. 

I  11  V.PTEB     XXXV     -  llAMuiMMivN    TOWM 

SHIP  

!  .IS  

Iroad — 
i  arlj  Lni  [di  i  I  Delight"  -As- 

]  ;iW— 

■ 

II      XXXVI    —  111.. in  ind      Town 

SHIP 

Streams  -  ropography    <  ensue— Bridge  — 
Early 
[notaries. 

CH  vrri  R  XXXVE        Hi     i     ■  ■ 

SHIP  AMD  BO 

(3   V;il- 

hn:i- 

oad     "i  ork    sulphur  Springs— 

..I   . . 

i  Door- 
Sohools— 

■  "■ ■ 

<  B  \i- 1 1  i;   \\\\  in     Latihobjr  Ton  ffBBip 



i   ■         ogles! 
.  i.         Me- 
chanics* tile    Sol I  Li  ;  i  (pay- 
ment   >               ■         : 
and    in-.   Mill— Churches  and  Cemeteries— 
Miscall  ■ 

B  xxxix  — L 

Stn  tfsson 

1    '       :       ; 

Fire      B]  Idge     I  ensus     I  irlglnal     Settle- 

I 
■ 
etc. 

CHAPTER  SI     Min-m  i  en  row      an 
Streams-  -Hills,   Val  ■  ■  ■ 

Feature!     Iron  and  "  ■>■<*  M  in.       i   ■. 
etc  —  !:<!■)■■       i;..  ii     <  .  n    i      .--.'i i    Sys- 
tem  -Military— Ralli 

.i  be 
Robot  iidera- 

viiK>  Dale— 

Wenki 

,312  in 

pi  loo     \  i'  Ind 
— Brid  i,  1799 

i.-rns. 

CHAPTER     XI, n    -Mm  ntpli  asahi     I 

Mill- 

Topogra]  : 
Bring  LRallroac 

— Early  Rem)  ol  1  ract — 

•  .1  Valuation,  I8i  <!iool 

Railroad  and  }•■     ■ 
White  rial)  "i   Red  Lands     Mount   Rook— 

i  IIAl'l  !   i  POBD   TOWNSHIP      IKD 

EtD 

iiv      '  Hd        Barn  —  Rs 

Brid  i  nsus — 

IdentS, 

1 1 1  ihtown— Heroutford 

Boroi  ly  His- 

:  .       US  — 

liools 
laneous. 

CBIAPTEB  XLH      Reading  Tow  trsBiP  ...328-33$ 

.■[.-, — 
boo!    ! 

i  UTCbes—  Hampton  — 
Bonn  I 

I  H\rn. i:  xi.V      Stbabak    row  *SHIP 


CONTENTS. 


PAGE. 

Topography  —  Census  —  School  Law  — 
Bridges  and  Railroad— Assessed  Valuation, 
180u  —  Military  —  Early  Land  Entries- 
Churches  —  Hunterstown  —  Churches  and 
Cemeteries  —  New  Chester  —  Plainview— 
Granite  Hill. 

CHAPTER  XLVI.— Tyrone  Township 341-344 

Boundary  —  Topography  —  Bridges— Cen- 
sus—Assessment   Valuation,     1801— School 


Law— Military— Old     Mill— Heidlersburg— 
Churches— Miscellaneous. 

CHAPTER  XLVII.— Union  Township 344-346 

Topography  —  Geological  Features  —  Or- 
ganization—Census— Bridges— German  Emi- 
grants, 1735-52— Early  Settlers— Laud  Troub- 
les _  ••  Digges'  Choice"— Churches— Ceme- 
teries—Sell's  Station— Church  Station. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES-PART  III. 


Gettysburg,  Borough  of \ 

Berwick  Township  and  Borough  ol  Abottstowu.  ■: 

Butler  Township i 

Conowago  Township  and  Borough  ot  McSherrys-  _ 

town : 

Cumberland  Township 

Franklin  Township ' 

Freedom  Township ' 

Germany  Township  and  Borough  ol  Littlestown  ■ 
Hamilton  Township  and  Borough  of  East  Berlin 

Hainiltonban  Township 

Highland  Township 


Huntington  Township  and  Borough  of  York 

Springs j» 

Latimore  Township JJJ 

Liberty  Township *« 

Menallen  Township  «» 

Mountjoy  Township *»z 

Mountpleasant  Township ■"•••■•"-  ™ 

Oxford  Township  and  Borough  ol  New  Oxford..  492 

Reading  Towuship °03 

Straban  Township ?'* 

Tyrone  Township 'J* 

Union  Township 514 


PORTRAITS— PART  III. 


Ban,  Smith -^ 

Bell.Maj    Robert Iff 

Bonner,  W.  F 279 

Bream,  William ™ 

Buehler.  Samuel  11 " 

Byers,  John  G ?°» 

Cole,  Francis ■„■;::  "a  i,\ 

Coulson,  Francis between  30s  and  . Ill 

Coulson.  Catharine  R between  308  and  311 

Diehl,  Daniel $™ 

Diehl,  Peter ;"» 

Durboraw,  Samuel f;* 

Garretson.  Israel '™ 

Gilliland,  S.  A 

Gitt,  Joseph  S 

Goldsborough  C.  E.,  M.  D 

Griest,  Jesse  W 

Hersh,  Janus 

Hendrix.  J.  W 

Himes.  George 

Keudlehart,  1>    

Kitzmiller,  J.  A 

HcClellan,  Col.  J.  H 

McPherson,  Hon.  Edward 


Martin,  William  A 139 

Miller,  Ephraim ■?# 

Mumma,  E  W.,  M.  D 209 

Myers,  H.  J 24? 

O.Bold,  Vincent f« 

O'Neal,  J.  W.  C ™* 

Picking,  John 5S 

Rilev,  P.  H 4J» 

Schick,  J.  L «* 

Schlosser,  Amos '*» 

Seiss,  R.S fs> 

Sell.  Daniel *» 

Sheely,  Noah fgp 

Shorb,  Joseph  I f« 

Slavbaugh,  Jesse 17» 

Stable.  H.  J °l 

Tipton,  W.  H 89 

Tyson,  C.  J ™ 

Welty,  Henry  A *" 

Wierman,  Isaac  E >>?» 

Wills,  Judge  David J9 

Wilson,  N.  G i°J 

Witherow,  J.  S «» 


MISCELLANEOUS. 

,   .  .  „        ..  Parti      12-13 

Map  of  Cumberland  and  Adams  Counties......... part  j  113 

Ma,,  Showing  Various  Purchases  from  the  ^aS^'""^Tk'^X^Mt'^'r^i''SnmHwa Part  I  118 

Diagram  Showing  Proportionate  Annual  Production  of  Anthracite  Coal  smce^SzO rart  i 

Table  Showing  Amount  of  Anthracite  Coal  Produced    n  hi  li  LtMun     in  e    s-J a 

Table  Showing  Vole  for  Governors  of  Pennsylvania  since  Organization  of  State lart  1  ^Mjj 

Relief  Map  of  Cumberland  Valley Part  III         152 

Map  of  Gettysburg  Battle-field 


PART  I. 


History-Pennsylvania, 


BY  SAMUEL  P.  BATES. 


"God,  that  has  given  it  me  through  many  difficulties,  will,  I  believe, 
bless  and  make  it  the  seed  of  a  nation.  I  shall  have  a  tender  care  to  the 
government  that  it  be  well  laid  at  first.  -----  I  do,  therefore, 
desire  the  Lord's  wisdom  to  guide  me,  and  those  that  may  be  concerned 
with  me,  that  we  may  do  the  thing  that  is  truly  wise   and  just." 

WILLIAM     PENN. 


HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


CIIA1TKK     l. 


[htboduotory— Cobnelis  Jahhwin  Mey,  1684-86— William  Van  Hulst,  1625- 
86— Peter  Mnrcrrr,  1686-88— David  Petersen  de  Vkies,  1632-33— Wouter 
V  \n  Twtlleb,  n;;j3-38. 

IX  the  early  colonization  upon  the  American  continent,  two  motives  were 
principally  operative.  One  was  the  desire  of  amassing  sudden  wealth 
without  great  labor,  which  tempted  adventurous  spirits  to  go  in  soarchof  gold, 
to  trade  valueless  trinkets  to  the  simple  natives  for  rich  furs  and  skills,  and  even 
to  seek,  amidst  the  wilds  of  a  tropical  forest,  for  the  fountain  whoso  healing 
waters  could  restore  to  man  perpetual  youth.  The  other  was  the  cherished 
purpose  of  escaping  the  unjust  restrictions  of  Government,  and  the  hated  Ian 
of  society  against  the  worship  of  the  Supreme  Being  according  to  the  honest 
dictates  of  conscience,  which  incited  the  humble  devotees  of  Christianity  to 
forego  the  comforts  of  homo,  in  the  midst  of  the  best  civilization  of  the  age. 
■  ke  for  themselves  a  habitation  on  the  shores  of  a  new  world,  where  they 
might  erect  altars  and  do  homage  to  their  God  in  such  habiliments  as  they 
preferred,  and  utter  praises  in  such  note  as  seemed  to  them  good.  This  pur- 
pose was  also  incited  by  a  certain  romantic  temper,  common  to  the  race,  es- 
peoially  noticeable  in  youth,  that  invites  to  some  uninhabited ]  spot,  and  Ras- 
selas  and  Robinson  Crusoe  like  to  begin  life  anew. 

William  Penn.  the  founder  of  Pennsylvania,  had  felt  the  heavy  hand  of 
persecution  for  religious  opinion's  sake.  As  a  gentleman  commoner  at  Ox- 
ford, ho  had  been  fined, and  finally  expelled  from  that  venerable  seat  of  learn- 
ing for  non-comformity  to  the  established  worship.  At  home,  ho  was  whipped 
and  turned  out  of  doors  by  a  father  who  thought  to  reclaim  the  son  to  the 
more  certain  path  of  advancement  at  a  licentious  court.  He  was  sent  to  prison 
by  the  Mayor  of  Cork  For  seven  months  ho  languished  in  the  tower  of  Lon- 
don, and,  finally,  to  complete  his  disgrace,  ho  was  cast  into  Newgate  with  com- 
mon fblons.  Upon  the  accession  of  James  II,  to  the  throne  of  England,  over 
fourteen  hundred  persons  of  the  Quaker  faith  were  immured  in  prisons  for  a 
conscientious  adherence  to  their  religious  convictions.  To  escape  this  harassing 
persecution,  and  find  peace  and  quietude  from  this  sore  proscription,  was  the 
moving  cause  which  led  Penn  and  his  followers  to  emigrate  to  America. 

Of  all  those  who  have  been  founders  of  States  in  near  or  distant  ages,  none 
have  manifested  so  sincere  and  disinterested  a  spirit,  nor  have  been  so  fair  ex- 
emplars of  the  golden  rule,  and  of  tho  Redeemer's  sermon  on  the  mount,  as 
William  Penn.  In  his  preface  to  the  frame  of  government  of  his  colony,  he 
says:  "  The  end  of  government  is  first  to  terrif] ■  evi  I  doi lis :  secondly,  to  cher- 
ish those  who  do  well,  which  gives  government  a  life  beyond  corruption,   and 


16  HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

makes  it  as  durable  in  the  world   as  ^en^e.     ^^— 
seems  to  be  a  par    c >    rel  gion . sel     a    hmg  sa^d^  ^  ^  ^ 

For,  lllt^°°t,^™r'^°ine  power,  that  is  both  author  and  object  of 
18  an  emanation  of  ^me^vme  P        ^  ^  ^  ^  ^  ^  ^^ 

Fh"  oth  Se  ^ oS  an  compulsive  in  its  operations;  but  that  is  only  to 
evil  doers  government  itself  being  otherwise  as  capable  of  kindness  goodness 
and  char  tyg  as  a  more  private  society  They  weakly  err,  who  think  there  is  no 
o^her  use  of  government  than  correction,  which  as  the  coarsest  part  of  it 
Dailv  experience  tells  us,  that  the  care  and  regulation  of  many  other  affairs 
Sore  soft  and  daily  necessary,  make  up  much  the  greatest  part  of  government. 
Simmers like  clocks,  go  from  the  motion  men  give  them  and  as  govern 
mentsaTe  made  and  moved  by  men,  so  by  them  are  they  ruined,  too.  Wheie- 
SS  governments  rather  depend  upon  men  thar i  men .upor '^ernmen t.  Let 
men  be  good,  and  the  government  cannot  be  bad.  If  it  be  ill,  they  will  erne 
H  Butlf  men  be  bad,  let  the  government  be  never  so  good,  they  will  endeavor 
it.    tfut  it  men  ue  o  s    *    *    *    That,  therefore,  which  makes  a  good 

descend  not  with  worldly  inheritances,  must  be  carefully  propagated  by  a  vir- 
tuousedacatiTn  of  vouth,  for  which,  after  ages  will  owe  more  to  the  care  and 
Prude ce Sounders  anci  the  successive  magistracy  than  to  their  parents .for 
pruaenLu  u  *    *    *    We  have,  therefore,  with  reverence  to  God, 

X£S - SSS  to  men, to  the  bestof  our  skill, contrived  and  composed  the 
Frame  and  Laws  of  this  government,  viz.:  To  support  power  in  "verence 
wth  tie  people  and  to  secure  the  people  from  the  abuse  of  power  that  hey 
may  be  free  L  their  just  obedience,  and  the  magistrates  honorable  for  their 
fust  administ/ation.     For  liberty  without  obedience  is  confusion,  and  obedi- 

^^X^^^L*™  arts  of  the  great  city ,  Penn's  tastes  were 
rural  He  hated  the  manners  of  the  corrupt  court  and  delighted  m  the  home  y 
labors  and  innocent  employments  of  the  farm.  "  The  country,"  he  said,  is 
he  philosopher's  garden  and  library,  in  which  he  reads  and  contemplates  the 
power  wisdom  and  goodness  of  God.  It  ishis  food  as  well  as  study,  andgives 
h°m  life  as  well  as  learning."  And  to  his  wife  he  said  upon  taking  leave  of 
Win  thetr  parting  interview:  "  Let  my  chihirenbehusbandmen  and  hous. 
wives  It  is  industrious,  healthy,  honest,  and  of  good  report  This  leads  to 
consider  the  works  of  God,  and  diverts  the  mind  from  being  taken  up  with  yam 
arts  and  inventions  of  a  luxurious  world.  Of  cities  and  towns  of  concourse 
bewaX  The  world  is  apt  to  stick  close  to  those  who  have  lived  and  gotwealth 
there      A  country  life  and  estate  I  love  best  for  my  children       , 

Having  thus  given  some  account  at  the  outset  of  the  spirit  and  purposes  of 
the  founder,  and  the  motive  which  drew  him  to  these  shores,  it  will  ben 
Place  before  proceeding  with  the  details  of  the  acquisition  of  territory,  and 
the  comm* of  emigrants  for  the  actual  settlement  under  the  name  of  Pennsyl- 
vmia  to  s°ay  something  of  the  aborigines  who  were  found  in  possession  of  he 
sod  when  It  visitedgby  Europeans,  of  the  condition  of  the  surface  of  the 
country,  and  of  the  previous  attempts  at  settlements  before  the  coming  of  Penn 
Thl  surface  of  what  is  now  known  as  Pennsylvania  was  at  the  time  of  the 
coming  of  the  white  men,  one  vast  forest  of  hemlock,  and  pine,  and  beech 
and  &  unbroken,  except  by  an  occasional  rocky  barren  upon  theprn^ 
mountain  side,  or  by  a  few  patches  of  prairie,  which  had  been  reclamed  oy 
annual  burnings,  and  was  used  by  the  indolent  and  simple-minded  nati ves  fo 
the  culture  of  a  little  maize  and  a  few  vegetables.     The  soil,  by  the  annual 


HISTORY  <>H'  PENNSYLVANIA.  IT 

accumulations  of  leaves  and  abundant  growths  of  forest  vegetation,  was  lnxu- 
!i(l  tlic  trees  atood  close,  and  of  gigantic  si/i>.  The  streams  swarmed 
with  fish,  and  t h<>  foresl  abounded  with  game.  Where  now  are  oities  and 
hamlets  tilhv.1  with  huey  populations  intent  upon  the  accumulation  of  wealth, 
tin'  mastery  of  knowledge,  the  pursuits  of  pleasure,  the  deer  browsed  and 
ripped  at  the  water's  edge,  and  the  pheasant  drammed  his  monotonous  note. 
Where  now  is  the  glowing  furnace  from  which  day  and  night  tongues  of  ilame 
are  bursting,  and  the  busy  water  wheel  sends  the  shuttle  flashing  through  the 
loom,  half-naked,  dusky  warriors  fashioned  their  spears  with  rude  implements 
of  stone,  and  made  themselves  hooks  out  of  the  bonos  of  animals  for  alluring 
the  finny  tribe.  Whore  now  are  fertile  fields,  upon  which  the  thrifty  farmer 
turns  his  furrow,  which  his  noighbor  takes  up  and  runs  on  until  it  reaches 
ie  end  of  the  broad  State  to  the  other,  and  where  are  flocks  and  herds, 
rejoicing  in  rich  meadows,  gladdened  by  abundant  fountains,  or  reposing  sit  the 
heated  noontide  beneath  ample  shade,  not  a  blow  had  been  struck  against  the 
giants  of  the  forest,  the  soil  rested  in  virgin  purity,  the  streams  glided  on  in 
majesty,  un vexed  by  wheel  and  unchoked  by  device  of  man. 

Where  now  the  long  train  rushes  on  with  the  speed  of  the  wind  over 
plain  and  mead,  across  streams  and  under  mountains,  awakening  the  echoes  of 
the  hill's  the  long  day  through,  and  at  the  midnight  hour  screaming  out  its 
shrill  whistle  in  fiery  defiance,  the  wild  native,  with  a  fox  skin  wrapped  about 
his  loins  and  a  few  feathers  stuck  in  his  hair,  issuing  from  his  rude  hut,  trot- 
ted on  in  his  forest  path,  followed  by  his  squaw  with  her  infant  peering  forth 
from  the  rough  sling  at  her  back,  pointed  his  canoe,  fashioned  from  the  barks 
of  the  trees,  across  the  deep  river,  knowing  the  progress  of  time  only  by  the 
rising  and  setting  sun,  troubled  by  no  meridians  for  its  index,  starting  on  his 
way  when  his  nap  was  ended,  and  stopping  for  rest  when  a  spot  was  reached 
that  pleased  his  fancy.  Where  now  a  swarthy  population  toils  ceaselessly  deep 
down  in  the  bowels  of  the  earth,  shut  out  trom  the  light  of  day  in  cutting  out 
the  material  that  feeds  the  fires  upon  the  forge,  and  gives  genial  warmth  to  the 
lovers  as  they  chat  merrily  in  the  luxurious  drawing  room,  not  a  mine  had 
been  opened,  and  the  vast  beds  of  the  black  diamond  rested  unsunned  beneath 
the  superincumbent  mountains,  where  they  had  been  fashioned  by  the  Creator's 
hand.  Rivers  of  oil  seethed  through  the  impatient  and  uneasy  gases  and  vast 
pools  and  lakes  of  this  pungent,  parti -colored  fluid,  hidden  away  from  the 
C  rveting  eye  of  man,  guarded  well  their  own  secrets.  Not  a  derrick  protruded 
its  well-balanced  form  in  the  air.  Not  a  drill,  with  its  eager  eating  tooth  de- 
siended  into  the  flinty  rock  No  pipe  line  diverted  the  oily  tide  in  a  silent, 
ceaseless  current  to  the  ocean's  brink.  Thecities  of  iron  tanks,  filled  to  burst- 
id  no  place  amidst  the  forest  solitudes.  Oil  exchanges,  with  their  vex- 
its  and  calls,  shorts  and  longs,  bulls  and  bears,  had  not  yet  come  to  dis- 
turb the  equanimity  of  the  red  man,  as  he  smoked  the  pipe  of  peace  at  the 
council  fire.  Had  he  once  seen  the  6moke  and  soot  of  the  new  Birmingham  of 
the  West,  or  snuffed  the  odors  of  an  oil  refinery,  he  would  willingly  have  for- 

his    g lly  heritage  by  the  forest  stream  or  the  deep  flowing  river,  and 

I  for  himself  new  hunting  grounds  in  less  favored  regions. 
It  was  an  unfortunate  circumstance  that  at  the  coming  of  Europeans  the 
territory  now  known  as  Pennsylvania  was  occupied  by  some  of  the  most  bloody 
and  revengeful  of  the  savage  tribes.  They  were  known  astheLenni  Lenapes, 
and  held  sway  from  the  Hudson  to  the  Potomac.  A  tradition  was  preserved 
among  them,  that  in  a  remote  age  their  ancestors  had  emigrated  eastward  from 
beyond  the  Mississippi,  exterminating  as  they  came  the  more  civilized  and 
peaceful  peoples,  the  Mound-Builders  of  Ohio  and  adjacent    States,  and  who 


18  HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

were  held  among  the  tribes  by  whom  they  were  surrounded  as  the  progenitors, 
toe  grandfathers^-  oldest  people.     They  came  to  be  known  by  Europeans  as 
the  Delawares    after  the  name  of  the  river  and  its   numerous  branches  along 
which Xey  principally  dwelt.      The  Monseys  or  Wolves,  another  tr.be  of  the 
Lenapes,  dwelt  upon  the  Susquehanna   and   its  tributaries    and,  by  their  war- 
like disposition,  won  the  credit  of  being  the  fiercest  of  their  nation,  and  the 
guardians  of  the  door  to  their  council  house  from  the  North. 
^Occupying  the  greater  part  of  the  teritory  now  known  as  New  York,  were 
the  five  Pnations-the  Senacas,  the  Mohawks,  the  Oneidas,  the  Cayugas    and 
the  Onondagas,  which,  from  their  hearty  union   acquired  great  strength  and 
came  to  exercise  a   commanding  influence.     Obtaining  firearms  of  the  Dutch 
at  Albany,  they  repelled  the  advances  of  the  French    from  Canada    and  by 
their  superiority    in  numbers  and  organization   had  overcome  the  Lenapes 
and  held  them   for  awhile   in  vassalage.      The  Tuscaroras    a  tribe  which  had 
been  expelled  from  their  home  in  North  Carolina  were  adopted  by  the  Fivefca- 
tions  in  1712,  and  from  this  time  forward  these  tribes  were  known  to  the  English 
as  the  Six  Nations,  called  by  the  Lenapes,  Mingoes,  and  by  the  French,  Iroquois. 
There  was,   therefore,  properly  a  United  States  before  the  thirteen  colonies 
achieved  their  independence.      The  person  and  character  of  these  tribes   were 
marked      They  were  above  the  ordinary  stature,  erect,  bold,  and  commanding, 
of  great  decorum  in  council,  and  when  aroused  showing  native  eloquence.    In 
warlare    thev  exhibited    all  the  bloodthirsty,  revengeful,  cruel  instincts  of  the 
savage    and  for  the  attainment  of  their  purposes  were  treacherous  and  crafty. 
The  Indian  character,  as  developed  by  intercourse  with  Europeans  exhibits 
some  traits  that  are  peculiar.      While  coveting  what  they  saw  that  pleased 
them,  and  thievish  to  the  last  degree,  they  were  nevertheless  generous       lhis 
may  be  accounted  for  by  their  habits.     "  They  held  that,  the  game  of  the  for- 
estf  the   dsh  of  the  rivers,  and  the  grass  of  the  field  were  a  common  heritage, 
and  free   to  all  who  would  take  the  trouble  to  gather  them   and  ridiculed  the 
idea  of  fencing  in  a  meadow."     Bancroft  says:  "  The  hospitality  of  the  Indian 
has  rarely  been  questioned.      The  stranger  enters  his  cabin,  by  day  or   by 
night,  without  asking  leave,  and  is  entertained  as  freely   as  a  thrush  or  a 
blackbird,   that  regales  himself  on  the  luxuries  of  the  fruitful  grove.       He 
will    take    his    own  rest   abroad,  that   he  may  give  up  his  own  skm  or  mat  of 
sed-e  to  his   guest.      Nor  is   the  traveler  questioned  as  to  the  purpose  of  his 
visit      He  chooses  his  own  time  freely  to  deliver  his  message.       Penn,  who, 
from  frequent  intercourse  came  to  know  them  well,   in  his  letter  to  the  soc.ety 
of  Free   Traders,  says  of  them:  "In  liberality  they  excel;  nothing  is  too  good 
for  their  friend.     Give  them  a  fine  gun,  coat  or  other    thing,  it  may  pass 
twenty  hands  before  it  sticks;  light  of  heart,  strong  aflections,  but  soon  spent. 
The  most  merry  creatures  that  live;  feast  and  dance  perpetually      They  never 
have  much  nor  want  much.     Wealth  circulated   like  the  blood.      Al   parts 
partake;  and  though  none  shall  want  what   another  hath,  yet  exact  observers 
of  property.     Some  Kings  have  sold,  others  presented  me  with  several  parcels 
of  land.     The  pay  or  presents  I  made  them,  were  not  hoarded  by  the  particu- 
lar owners,  but  the  neighboring  Kings   and  clans  being  present  when    the 
goods  were  brought  out,  the  parties   chiefly  concerned  consulted  what  and  to 
whom   they  should  give  them.     To  every  King,  then,  by  the  bands  of  a  per- 
son for  that  work  appointed  is  a  proportion  sent,  so   sorted   and  folded,   and 
with  that  gravity  that  is  admirable.     Then  that  King  subdivided  it  in  like  man- 
ner among  his  dependents,   they  hardly  leaving  themselves  an    equal    share 
with  one  of  their  subjects,  and  be  it  on  such  occasions  as  festivals    or  at  their 
common  meals,  the  Kings  distribute,  and  to  themselves  last.      They  care  for 


HISTORY  OP  n:\NSYi. v.wi  \.  !'•' 

little  because  they  want  bat  little,  and  the  reason  is  a  little  contents  them.  In 
i in-  they  are  sufficiently  revenged  on  us  They  are  also  free  from  our  pains. 
They  are  not  disquieted  with  hills  of  lading  and  exchange,  nor  perplexed 
with   ohaaoery  suits  and  exchequer  reckonings.     We  Bweat  and  toil  to  live; 

their  pleasure  feeds  them;  I  mean  their  hunting,  fishing  and  fowling,  and 
this  table  is  spread  everywhere.  They  eat  twice  a  day,  morning  and  evening. 
Their  seats  and  table  are  the  ground.  Since  the  Europeans  came  into  these 
parts  they  are  grown  great  lovers  of  Btrong  liquors,  rum  especially,  and  for  it 
exchange  the  richest  of  their  skins  and  furs.  If  they  are  heated  with  liquor-, 
they  are  restless  till  they  have  enough  to  sleep.  That  is  their  cry,  'Some 
more  and  I  will  go  to  sleep;  '  but  when  drunk  one  of  the  most  wretched  Bpec 
tacles  in  the  world." 

On  the  2Sth  of  August,  lOO'.t,  a  little  more  than  a  century  from  the  time 
of  the  first  discovery  of  the  New  World  by  Columbus,  Hendrick  Hudson,  an 
English  navigator,  then  in  the  employ  of  the  Dutch  East  India  Company,  hav- 
Ing  been  sent  out  in  search  of  a  northwestern  passage  to  the  Indies,  discovered 
the  mouth  of  a  great  bay,  since  known  as  Delaware  Bay,  which  he  entered  and 
partially  explored.  But  finding  the  waters  shallow,  and  being  satisfied  that 
this  was  only  an  arm  of  the  sea  which  received  the  waters  of  a  great  river, 
and  not  a  passage  to  the  western  ocean,  he  retired,  and,  turning  the  prow  of 
his  little  craft  northward,  on  the  2d  of  September,  he  discovered  the  river 
which  bears  his  name,  the  Hudson,  and  gave  several  days  to  its  examination 
Not  finding  a  passage  to  the  West,  which  was  the  object  of  his  search,  he  returned 
to  Holland,  bearing  the  evidences  of  his  adventures,  and  made  a  full  report  of 
his  discoveries  in  which  he  says,  "  Of  all  lands  on  which  I  ever  set  my  foot, 
this  is  the  best  for  tillage." 

A  proposition  had  been  made  in  the  States  General  of  Holland  to  form  a 
West  India  Company  with  purposes  similar  to  those  of  the  East  India  Com- 
pany ;  but  the  conservative  element  in  the  Dutch  Congress  prevailed,  and  while 
the  Government  was  unwilling  to  undertake  the  risks  of  an  enterprise  for 
which  it  would  be  responsible,  it  was  not  unwilling  to  foster  private  enter- 
prise, and  on  the  27th  of  March,  1614,  an  edict  was  passed,  granting  the 
privileges  of  trade,  in  any  of  its  possessions  in  tin-  New  World,  during  four 
voyages,  founding  its  right  to  the  territory  drained  by  the  Delaware  and 
Hudson  upon  the  discoveries  by  Hudson.  Five  vessels  were  accordingly 
tilted  by  a  company  composed  of  enterprising  merchants  of  the  cities  of  Am- 
a  and  Hoorn,  which  made  speedy  and  prosperous  voyages  under  com- 
mand of  Cornelia  Jacobson  Mev,  bringing  back  with  them  fine  furs  and  rich 
which  so  excited  cupidity  that  the  States  General  was  induced  on  the 
1  1th  of  October,  161  1.  to  authorize  exclusive  trade,  for  four  voyages,  extend 
ing  through  three  years,  in  the  newly  acquired  possessions,  the  edict  designat- 
ing them  as  New  Netherlands. 

One  of  the  party  of  this  first  enterprise.  Cornells  Hendrickson,  was  left 
behind  with  a  vessel  called  the  Unrest,  which  had  been  built  to  supply  the 
place  of  one  accidentally  burned,  in  which  he  proceeded  to  explore  more  fully 
the  bay  and  river  Delaware,  of  which  he  made  report  that  was  read  before  the 
General  on  the  19th  of  August,  1616.  This  report  is  curious  as  .lis 
closing  the  opinions  of  the  first  actual  explorer  in  an  official  capacity:  "He 
hath  discovered  for  his  aforesaid  masters  and  directors  certain  lands,  a  bay, 
and  three  rivers,  situate  between  thirty-eight  and  forty  degrees,  and  did  then 
trad.'  with  the  inhabitants,  said  trade  consisting  of  sables,  furs,  robes  and 
other  skins.  He  hath  found  the  stud  country  full  of  trees,  to  wit,  oaks,  hick- 
orv  ami  pines,  which  trees  were,  in  some  places,  covered  with  viues.      Ho  hath 


20  HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

seen  in  said  country  bucks  and  does,  turkeys  and  partridges.  He  hath  found 
the  climate  of  said  country  very  temperate,  judging  it  to  be  as  temperate  as 
this  country,  Holland.  He  also  traded  for  and  bought  from  the  inhabitants 
the  Minquas,  three  persons,  being  people  belonging  to  this  company  which 
three  persons  were  employed  in  the  service  of  the  Mohawks  and  Machicans, 
giving  for  them  kettles,  beads,  and  merchandise." 

This  second  charter  of  privileges  expired  in  January,  1618,  and  during  its 
continuance  the  knowledge  acquired  of  the  country  and  its  resources  promised 
so  much  of  success  that  the  States  General  was  ready  to  grant  broader  privi- 
leges, and  on  the  3d  of  June,  1621,  the  Dutch  West  India  Company  was  in_ 
corporated,  to  extend  for  a  period  of  twenty-four  years,  With  the  right  of 
renewal,  the  capital  stock  to  be  open  to  subscription  by  all  nations,  and 
"  privileged  to  trade  and  plant  colonies  in  Africa,  from  the  tropic  of  Cancer 
to  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  and  in  America  from  the  Straits  of  Magellan  to  the 
remotest  north."  The  past  glories  of  Holland,  though  occupying  but  an  in- 
significant patch  of  Europe,  emboldened  its  Government  to  pass  edicts  for  the 
colonizing  and  carrying  on.  an  exclusive  trade  with  a  full  ha  of  the  entire 
world,  an  example  of  the  biting  off  of  more  than  could  be  well  chewed.  But 
the  licdit  of  this  enterprising  people  was  beginning  to  pale  before  the  rising 
gloriel  of  the  stern  race  in  their  sea  girt  isle  across  the  channel  Dissensions 
were  arising  among  the  able  statesmen  who  had  heretofore  guided  its  affairs, 
and  before  the  periods  promised  in  the  original  charter  of  this  colouring  com- 
pany had  expired,  its  supremacy  of  the  sea  was  successfully  resisted  and  its 
exclusive  rights  and  privileges  in  the  New  World  had   to  be  relinquished. 

The   principal  object  in  establishing  this  West  India   Company   was  to 
secure  a  good  dividend  upon  the  capital  stock,  which  was  subscribed  to  by  the 
rich  old  burgomasters.     The  fine  furs  and  products  of  the  forests,  which  had 
been  taken  back  to  Holland,  had  proved  profitable.     But  it  was  seen  that  it 
this  trade  was  to  be  permanently  secured,  in  face  of  the  active   competition  of 
other  nations,  and  these  commodities  steadily  depended  upon,  permanent  set- 
tlements must  be  provided  for.     Accordingly,  in  1623,  a  colony  of  about  forty 
families,  embracing  a  party  of  Walloons,  protestant  fugitives  from  Belgium 
sailed  for  the  new  province,  under  the  leadership  of  Cornells  Jacobson  Mey  and 
Joriz  Tienpont.      Soon  after  their  arrival,  Mey,  who  had  been  invested  with 
the  power  of  Director  General  of  all  the  territory  claimed  by  the  Dutch,  see- 
in^    no  doubt,  the  evidences  of  some  permanence  on  the  Hudson^  determined 
to  teke  these  honest  minded  and  devoted  Walloons  to  the  South  River  or  Del- 
aware, that  he  might  also  gain  for  his   country  a   foothold  there      The  testi- 
mony   of    one    of  the  women,    Catalina  Tricho,    who  was    of    the   party,  is 
curious,  and  sheds  some  light  upon  this  point.      "  That  she  came  to  this  prov_ 
ince  either  in  the  year  1623  or  1624,  and  that  four  women  came  along  w>th 
her  in  the  same  ship,  in  which  Gov.  Arien  Jorissen  came  also  over    which  four 
women  were  married  at  sea,  and  that  they  and  their   husbands  stayed  about 
three  weeks  at  this  place  (Manhattan)  and  then  they  with  eight  seamen  more 
went  in  a  vessel  by  orders  of   the  Dutch  Governor  to  Delaware  River,    and 
there    settled."       Ascending    the  Delaware    some  fifty   miles,    Mey    landed 
on  the  eastern  shore  near  where  now  is  the  town  of  Gloucester,  and  built  a 
fort  which  he  called  Nassau.     Having  duly  installed  his  little  colony,  he  re- 
turned to  Manhattan;  but  beyond  the  building  of  the  fort   which  served  as  a 
trading  post,  this  attempt  to  plant  a  colony  was  futile;   for   these  religious 
zealots"  tiring  of   the  solitude  in  which  they  were   left,   after  a  few  months 
abandoned  it,  and  returned  to  their   associates  whom  they  had  left  upon  the 
Hudson      Though  not  successful  in  establishing  a  permanent  colony  upon  tne 


HISTORY  OP  PENNSYLVANIA.  21 

re,   -hip-    plied   regularly  between  the   fort  and  Manhattan,    and    tin* 
became  the  rallying  point  I  >r  the  Indian-,  who  brought  thither  their  oommodi 

trade.  At  about  this  time,  L626,  the  island  of  Manhattan  estimated 
to  contain  22,000  acres,  on  which  now  stands  the  city  of  New  lork  with  its 
busj  population,  surrounded  by  its  forests  of  masts,  was  bought  for  the  insig- 
nificant sum  of  sixty  guilders,  about  $24,  what  would  now  pay  for  scarcely  a 
square  inch  of  Borne  of  that  very  soil.  As  as  evidence  of  the  thrift  which  had 
begun  to  mark  the  progress  of  the  colony,  it  may  be  stated  that  the  good  ship 
"  I'h.'  Anns  of  Amsterdam,"  which  bore  Hie  intelligence  of  this  fortunate  pur 
chase  to  the  assemblj  of  the  SIX  in  Holland,  bore  also  in  the  language  of 
CCalaghan,  tin-  historian  of  N'ew  Netherland,  tho  "information  that  the  col 
ony  was  in  amost  prosperous  state,  and  that  the  women  and  the  soil  were 
both  fruitful.  To  prove  the  latter  fact,  samples  of  the  recent  harvest,  consist- 
ing of  wheat,  rye,  barley,  oats,    buckwheat,  canary  s I,  were    Bent  forward, 

together  with  8, 130  beaver  skins,  valued  at  over  45,000  guilders,  or  neany 
$19,000."  It  is  accorded  by  another  historian  that  this  same  Bhip  bore  also 
"  B<33-|  otter  skins,  eighty-one  mink  skins,  thirty  six  wild  cat,  skins  and  thirty  four 
rat  skins,  with  a  quantity  of  oak  and  hickory  timber."  From  this  it  may  be 
seen  what  the  commodities  were  which  formed  tho  subjects  of  trade.  Doubt- 
less  of  wharf  rats  Holland  had  enough  at  home,  but  the  oak  and  hickory  tim- 
ber came  at  a  time  when  there  was  sore  need  of  it. 

Finding  that  the  charter  of  privileges,  enacted  in  1621,  did  not  give  auffi 
cient  encouragement  and  promise  of  security  to  actual  settlers,  further  con- 
cessions  were  made  in  1629,  whereby  "  all  such  persons  as  shall  appear  and 
desire  the  same  from  the  company,  shall  be  acknowledged  as  Patroons  [a  sort 
of  feudal  lord]  of  Xew  Netherlands  who  shall,  within  the  space  of  four  years 
next  after  they  have  given  notice  to  any  of  the  chambers  of  the  company  here, 
or  to  the  Commander  or  Council  there,  undertake  to  plant  a  colony  there  of 
t'n'ty  souls,  upward  of  fifteen  years  old;  one  fourth  part  within  one  year,  and 
within  three  years  after  sending  the  first,  making  together  four  years,  the  re- 
mainder, to  the  full  number  of  fifty  persons,  to  be  shipped  from  henoe,  on  pain, 
in  case  of  willful  neglect,  of  being  deprived  of  the  privileges  obtained."  *  * 
••  The  Pat  n  ions,  by  virtue  of  their  power,  shall  be  permitted,  at  such  places  as  they 
shall  settle  their  colonies,  to  extend  their  limits  four  miles  along  the  shore,  or 
two  miles  on  each  side  of  a  river,  and  so  far  into  the  country  as  the  situation 
of  the  occupiers  will  permit." 

Stimulated  by   these    flattering    promises,  Goodyn    and  Bloemmaert,  two 
wealthy  and  influential  citizens,  through  their    agents — Heyser   and  Coster 
Beoured    by    purchase  from  the  Indians   a   tract  of   land  on  the   western   shore, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Delaware,  sixteen  miles  in  length  along  the  bay  front,  and 
extending  sixteen  miles  back  into  the  country,  giving  a  square  of  256  miles. 

<  r |y n  immediately  gave  notice  to  the  company  of  their  intention  to  plant  a 

colony  on  their  newly  acquired  territory  as  patroons  Thej  were  joined  by  an 
experienced  navigator,  De  Vries,  and  on  the  12th  of  December,  1630,  a  vessel, 
tin' Walrus,  miller  command  of  De  Vries,  was  dispatched  with  b  company  of 
-ettlers  and  a  stock  of  cattle  and  farm  implements,  which  arrived  safely  in 
•  ie  Delavt  ire.  !>■■  Vries  landed  about  three  leagues  within  the  capes,  "near 
the  entrance  of  aline  navigable  stream,  called  the  Hoarkill,"  where  he  pro- 

t  i  build  a  house,  well  surrounded  with  ides,  which  served 

the  purpose  of  fort,  lodging  house,  and  trading  post.     The  little  settli 
which  consisted  of  about  thirty  persons,  was  christened  b)  the  high  sounding 
title  of  Zwanendal  -  Valley  of  Swans,     In  the  spring  they  prepared  their  fields 
and   planted  them,  and    De  Vries  returned  to   Holland,  to  make   report  of   his 

11  !!;_'-. 


22  HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

But  a  sad  fate  awaited  the  little  colony  at  Zwanendal.     la  accordance  with 
the  custom  of  European  nations,  the  commandant,  on  taking  possession  of  the 
new  purchase,  erected  a  post,  and  affixed  thereto  a  piece  of  tin  on  which  was 
trJced  the  arms  of  Holland  and  a  legend  of  occupancy.      An  India. jchieftam 
passing  that  way,  attracted  by  the  shining  metal,  and  not  understanding  the 
ob  ect°of  the  inscription,  and  not  having  the  fear  of  their  high  mightinesses^ 
the  States  General  of  Holland  before  his  eyes   tore  it  down  and  Proceeded  to 
make  for  himself  a  tobacco  pipe,  considering  it  valuable  both  by  way  of  orna- 
ment and  use.     When  this  act  of  trespass  was  discovered    ,t  was  regarded  b> 
the  doughty  Dutchman  as  a  direct  insult  to  the  great  State  of  Holland,  and 
so  great°  an  ado  was  raised  over  it  that  the  simple  minded   nat.ves   became 
frightened,  believing  that  their  chief  had  committed  a  mortal  offense,  and  m 
the  strength  and  sincerity  of    their  friendship  immediately  proceeded  to  d.s 
patch  the  offending  chieftain,  and  bright  the  bloody  emblems  of  their  deed  to 
the  head  of  the  colony.    This  act  excited  the  anger  of  the  relatives  of  the  mm- 
dered  man,  and  in  accordance  with  Indian  law,  they  awaited  the  chance  to 
take  revenge.       O'Calaghan  gives  the  following  account  of  this  bloody  massa- 
cre which  ensued:  "The  colony  at  Zwanendal  consisted  at  this  time  of  thirty  - 
four  persons.      Of  these,  thirty- two  were  one  day  at  work  m  the  fields  .while 
Commissary  Hosset  remained  in  charge  of  the  house,  where  another  of  the  Ret- 
tiers  lay  sick  abed.     A  large  bull  dog  was  chained  out  of  doors.      On  pretence 
of  selling  some  furs,  three  savages  entered  the  house  and  murdered  Hosset 
and  the  sick  man.      They  found  it  not  so  easy  to  dispatch  the  mastiff      It  was 
not  until  they  had  pierced  him  with  at    least  twenty-five  arrows   that  he  was 
destroyed,     the  men  in  the  fields  were  then  set  on,  in  an  equally  treacherous 
manner,  under  the  guise  of  friendship,  and  every  man  of  them  slain.    _    Ihus 
waa  a  worthless  bit  of  tin  the  cause  of  the  cutting  off  and  utter  extermination 
of  the  infant  colony.  .  ,     .       ,  .     , 

De  Vries  was  upon  the  point  of  returning  to  Zwanendal  when  he  received 
intimation  of  disaster  to  the  settlers.  With  a  large  vessel  and  a  yacht,  he  set 
sail  on  the  24th  of  May,  1632,  to  carry  succor,  provided  with  the  means  ot 
prosecuting  the  whale  fishery  which  he  had  been  led  to  believe  might  be  made 
very  profitable,  and  of  pushing  the  production  of  gram  and  tobacco.  On  ar- 
riving in  the  Delaware,' he  fired  a  signal  gun  to  give  notice  of  his  approach. 
The  report  echoed  through  the  forest,  but,  alas!  the  ears  which  would  have 
been  gladened  with  the  sound  were  heavy,  and  no  answering  salute  came  from 
the  shore.  On  landing,  he  found  his  house  destroyed,  the  palisades  burned, 
and  the  skulls  and  bones  of  his  murdered  countrymen  bestrewing  the  earth, 
sad  relics  of  the  little  settlement,  which  had  promised  so  fairly,  and  warning 
tokens  of  the  barbarism  of  the  natives.  . 

De  Vries  knew  that  he  was  in  no  position  to  attempt  to  punish  the  guilt) 
parties,  and  hence  determined  to  pursue  an  entirely  pacific  policy.  At  lis 
invitation,  the  Indians  gathered  in  with  their  chief  for  a  conference.  Sitting 
down  in  a  circle  beneath  the  shadows  of  the  somber  forest,  their  Sachem  in 
the  centre,  De  Vries,  without  alluding  to  their  previous  acts  of  savagery, 
concluded  with  them  a  treaty  of  peace  and  friendship,  and  presented  them  in 
token  of  ratification,  "some  duffels,  bullets,  axes   and  Nuremburg  trinkets 

In  place  of  finding  his  colony  with  plenty  of  provjsions  for  the  immediate 
needs  of  his  party,  he  could  get  nothing,  and  began  to  be  in  want.  He  accord- 
ingly sailed  up  the  river  in  quest  of  food.  The  natives  were  re *%££, 
their  furs  for  barter,  but  they  had  no  supplies  of  food  with  which  they  wished 
to  part.  Game,  however,  was  plenty,  and  wild  turkeys  were  brought  in  weigh- 
ing over  thirty  pounds.     One  morning  after  a  frosty  night,  while   the  little 


1IISTOKV  OF  PENNSYLVANIA.  28 

craft  was  up  the  stream,  the  party  was  astonished  to  find  the  waters  frozen 
over,  and  their  ahip  fast  in  the  iee.  Judging  by  the  mild  climate  of  their  own 
ooontry,  Eolland,  they  did  not  supposothis  possible.  For  several  weeks  they 
were  held  fast  without  the  power  to  move  their  floating  home.  Being  in  need 
of  a  better  variety  of  food  than  he  found  it  possible  to  obtain,  De  Vries  sailed 
away  with  a  part  of  his  followers  to  Virginia,  where  he  was  hospitably  enter- 
tained by  the  Governor,  who  sent  a  present  of  goats  as  a  token  of  fiiendship  to 
the  Dutch  Governor  at  Manhattan.  Upon  his  return  to  the  Delaware,  De 
Vries  found  that  the  party  he  had  left  behind  to  prosecute  the  whale  fishery 
had  only  taken  a  few  small  ones,  and  these  so  poor  that  the  amount  of  oil  ob- 
tained was  insignificant  He  had  been  induced  to  embark  in  tho  enterprise  of 
a  settlement  here  by  the  glittering  prospect  of  prosecuting  the  whale  fishery 
along  the  shore  at  a"great  profit.  Judging  by  this  experience  that  the  hope 
of  great  gains  bom  this  source  was  groundless,  and  doubtless  haunted  by  a 
superstitious  dread  of  makingtheir  homes  amid  the  relics  of  the  settlers  of  the 
previous  year,  and  of  plowing  fields  enriched  by  their  blood  who  had  been 
BO  utterly  out  off,  and  a  horror  of  dwelling  amongst  a  peoploso  revengeful  and 
savage,  De  Vries  gathered  all  together,  and  taking  his  entire  party  with  him 
sailed  away  to  Manhattan  and  thence  home  to  Holland,  abandoning  utterly  the 
settlement. 

The  Dutch  still  however  sought  to  maintain  a  foothold  upon  the  Dela- 
ware,  and  a  fierce  contention  having  sprung  up  between  the  powerful  patroons 
and  the  Director  General,  and  they  having  agreed  to  settle  differences  by 
the  company  authorizing  the  purchase  of  the  claims  of  the  patroons,  those  upon 
the  Delaware  were  bi  >ld  for  15,600  guilders.  Fort  Nassau  was  accordingly  re  i  ic 
copied  and  manned  with  a  small  military  force,  and  when  a  parly  from  Con- 
necticut Colony  came,  under  one  Holmes  to  make  a  settlement  upon  the  Dela- 
ware,  the  Dutch  at  Nassau  were  found  too  strong  to  be  subdued,  and  Holmes 
and  his  party  were  compelled  to  surrender,  and  were  sent  aa  prisoners  of  war 
to  Manhattan. 


CHAPTER    II. 


8m  William  Keift,  1638-47— Peter  MrxriT,  1638-41— Peter  Hollandajjr,  1641-43— 
JOHH  Pki.ntz.  164S-53— PbtBB  Stvyvksa.nt,  1647-04— John  Paitaooya,  1653-54— 
.Iohn  Claude  Kysiniui.  1654  56. 

AT  this  period,  the  throne  of  Sweden  was  occupied  by  Gnstavus  Adolphus, 
a  monarch  of  the  most  enlightened  views  and  heroic  valor.  Seeing  the 
activity  of  surrounding  nations  in  sending  <»ut  colonies,  he  proposed  to  his 
people" to  found  a  commonwealth  in  the  New  World,  not  for  the  mere  purpose 
of  gain  by  trade,  Imt  to  set  up  a  refuge  for  the  oppressed,  a  place  of  religious 
liberty  and  happy  homes  thai  should  prove  of  advantage  to  "all  oppressed 
Christendom."  Accordingly,  a  company  with  ample  privileges  was  incorpo 
rated  by  the  Swedish  Government,  to  which  the  King  himself  pledged  $400,000 
of  the  royal  treasure,  and  men  of  every  rank  and  nationality  were  invited  to 
join  in  the  enterprise.  Gnstavus  desired  not  that  his  colony  should  depend 
upon  serfs  or  slaves  to  do  the  rough  work.  "Slaves  cost  a  great  deal,  lalx>r 
with  reluctance,  and  soon  perish  from  hard  usage.  The  Swedish  nation  is 
laborious  and  intelligent,  and  surely  we  shall  gain  more  by  a  free  people  with 
and  children  " 


24  HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

In  the  meantime,  the  fruits  of  the  reformation  in  Germany  were  menaced, 
and  the  Swedish  monarch  determined  to  unsheath  his  sword  and  lead  his 
people  to  the  aid  of  Protestant  faith  in  the  land  where  its  standard  had  been 
successfully  raised.  At  the  battle  of  Liitzen,  where  for  the  cause  which  he  had 
espoused,  a  signal  victory  was  gained,  the  illustrious  monarch  in  the  flower 
of  life  received  a  mortal  wound.  Previous  to  the  battle,  and  while  engaged  m 
active 'preparations  for  the  great  struggle,  he  remembered  the  interests  of  his 
contemplated  colony  in  America,  and  in  a  most  earnest  manner  commended 
the  enterprise  to  the  people  of  Germany. 

Oxenstiern,  the  minister  of  Gustavus,  upon  whom  the  weight  of  govern- 
ment devolved  during  the  minority  of  the  young  daughter,  Christina,  declared 
that  he  was  but  the  executor  of  the  will  of  the  fallen  King,  and  exerted  him- 
self to  further  the  interests  of  a  colony  which  he  believed  would  be  favorable  to 
"all  Christendom,  to  Europe,  to  the  whole  world."  Four  years  however 
elapsed  before  the  project  was  brought  to  a  successful  issue.  Peter  Minuit, 
who  had  for  a  time  been  Governor  of  New  Netherlands,  having  been  displaced 
sought  employment  in  the  Swedish  company,  and  was  given  the  command  of 
thelirst  colony  Two  vessels,  the  Key  of  Calmar  and  the  Griffin,  early  in  the 
vear  1638  with  a  company  of  Swedes  and  Fins,  made  their  way  across  the 
Stormy  Atlantic  and  arrived  safely  in  the  Delaware.  They  purchased  of  the 
Indians  the  lands  from  the  ocean  to  the  falls  of  Trenton,  and  at  the  mouth  of 
Christina  Creek  erected  a  fort  which  they  called  Christina,  after  the  name  of 
the  youthful  Queen  of  Sweden.  The  soil  was  fruitful,  the  climate  mild,  and 
the  scenery  picturesque.  Compared  with  many  parts  of  Finland  and  Sweden 
it  was  a  Paradise,  a  name  which  had  been  given  the  point  at  the  entrance  of 
the  bay.  As  tidings  of  the  satisfaction  of  the  first  emigrants  were  borne  back 
to  the  fatheriand,°the  desire  to  seek  a  home  in  the  new  country  spread  rap- 
idly, and  the  ships  sailing  were  unable  to  take  the  many  families  seeking  pas- 

dgThe  Dutch  were  in  actual  possession  of  Fort  Nassau  when  the  Swedes 
first  arrived  and  though  they  continued  to  hold  it  and  to  seek  the  trade  of  the 
Indians,  yet  the  artful  Minuit  was  more  than  a  match  for  them  in  Indian  bar- 
ter William  Keift,  the  Governor  of  New  Netherland,  entered  a  vigorous 
protest  against  the  encroachments  of  the  Swedes  upon  Dutch  territory,  m 
which  he  said  "  this  has  been  our  property  for  many  years,  occupied  with 
forts  and  sealed  by  our  blood,  which  also  was  done  when  thou  wast  in  the 
service  of  New  Netherland,  and  is  therefore  well  known  to  thee."  ButMmuit 
pushed  forward  the  work  upon  his  fort,  regardless  of  protest,  trusting  to  the 
respect  which  the  flag  of  Sweden  had  inspired  in  the  hands  of  Banner  and 
Torstensen.  For  more  than  a  year  no  tidings  were  had  from  Sweden,  and  no 
supplies  from  any  source  were  obtained;  and  while  the  fruits  of  their  labors 
were  abundant  there  were  many  articles  of  diet,  medicines  and  apparel,  the 
lack  of  which  they  began  to  sorely  feel.  So  pressing  had  the  want  become, 
that  application  had  been  made  to  the  authorities  at  Manhattan  for  permission 
to  remove  thither  with  all  their  effects.  But  on  the  very  day  before  that  on 
which  they  were  to  embark,  a  ship  from  Sweden  richly  laden  with  provisions, 
cattle,  seeds  and  merchandise  for  barter  with  the  natives  came  joyfully  to  their 
relief,  and  this,  the  first  permanent  settlement  on  soil  where  now  are  the  States 
of  Delaware  and  Pennsvlvania,  was  spared.  The  success  and  prosperity  of  the 
colony  during  the  first  few  years  of  its  existence  was  largely  due  to  tne  skill 
and  policy  of  Minuit,  who  preserved  the  friendship  of  the  natives,  avoided  an 
open  conflict  with  the  Dutch,  and  so  prosecuted  trade  that  the  Dutch  Governor 
reported  to  his  government  that  trade  had  fallen  off  30,000  beavers.     Minuit 


HISTORY  OF  PENNSi  i.VAM.n 


25 


was  at  the  head  of  the  colony    far  about  three  years,  and  died  in  the  midst 
of  the  people  whom  he  had  led 

Mnnut  was  succeeded  in  the  government  l>y  I'eter  Hollnndaer.  who  \v\ 
previously  gone  in  charge  of  a  company  of  emigrants,  and  who  was  now,  in 
[641,  commissioned.  The  goodly  lands  opon  the  Delaware  were  a  constant 
attraction  totheeyeof  the  adventurer;  a  party  from  Connecticut,  onder  the  lead- 
ership of  Roberi  Cogawell,  oame,  and  squatted  without  authority  upon  the  Bite 
,.f  the  preeenl  town  of  Salem,  X.  J.  Another  company  had  proceeded  up  the 
river,  and,  entering  the  Schuylkill,  had  planted  themselves  upon  its  hanks. 
The  settlement  of  the  Swedes,  backed  as  it  was  by  one  of  the  most  powerful 
nations  of  Europe,  the  Governor  of  New  Netherland  was  not  disposed  to 
molest;  but  when  these  irresponsible  wandering  adventurers  came  Bailing  past 
their  forta  and  boldly  planted  themselves  apon  the  most  eligible  sites  and  fer- 
tile lands  in  their  territory,  the  Hutch  determined  to  assume  a  hostile  front, 
and  to  drive  them  away.  Accordingly,  Gen.  Jan  Jansen  Van  Ilpendam— his 
very  name  was  enough" to  frighten  away  the  emigrants  was  sent  with  two 
vessels  and  a  military  force,  who  routed  the  party  upon  the  Schuylkill. destroy- 
ing their  fort  and  giving  them  a  taste  of  the  punishment  that  was  likely  to  be 
meted  out  to  them,  if  this  experiment  of  trespass  was  repeated.  The  Swedes 
joined  the  Dutch  in  breaking  up  the  settlement  at  Salem  and  driving  away  the 
New  England  intruders. 

In  KH2,  Hollandaer  was  succeeded  in  the  government  of  the  Swedish 
Colony  by  John  Printz.  whose  instructions  for  the  management  of  affairs  were 
drawn  with  much  care  by  the  officers  of  the  company  in  Stockholm.  "  He  was. 
first  of  all.  to  maintain  friendly  relations  with  the  Indians,  and  by  the  advan- 
tage of  low  price- hold  their  trade.  His  next  care  was  to  cultivate  enough 
grain  for  the  wants  of  the  colonists,  and  when  this  was  insured,  turn  his  atten- 
tion to  the  culture  of  tobacco,  the  raising  of  cattle  and  sheep  of  a  good  species. 
the  culture  of  the  grape,  and  the  raising  of  silk  worms.  The  manufacture  of 
salt  by  evaporation,  and  the  search  for  metals  and  minerals  were  to  bo  prose 
outed,  and  inquiry  into  the  establishment  of  fisheries,  with  a  view  to  profit, 
especially  the  whale  fishery,  was  to  be  made  "  It  will  be  seen  from  these  in- 
structions that  the  far  sighted  Swedish  statesmen  had  formed  an  exalted  con- 
ception of  the  resources  of  the  new  country,  and  had  figured  to  themselves 
great  possibilities  from  its  future  development.  Visions  of  rich  silk  products, 
Of  the  precious  metals  and  gems  from  its  mines,  flocks  upon  a  thousand  hills 
that  should  rival  in  the  softness  of  their  downy  fleeces  the  best  products  of  the 
Indian  looms,  and  the  luscious  clusters  of  the  vine  that  could  make  glad  the 

palate  of  tl picure  filled  their  imaginations. 

With  two  w-sels,  the  Stoork  and  Renown,  Printz  set  sail,  and  arrived  at 
hristina  on  the  15th  of  February,  L643.  He  was  bred  to  the  profession 
of  arms,  and  was  doubtless  selected  with  an  eye  to  his  ability  to  holding  posses- 
sion of  the  land  against  the  conflict  that  was  likely  to  arise.  He  had  been  a 
Lieutenant  of  cavalry,  and  was  withal  a  man  of  prodigious  proportions,  "who 
l."  according  to  De  Vriee,  " upward  of  100  pounds,  and  drank  three 
drinks  at  everymeaL"  He  entertained  exalted  notionsof  his  dignity  as  Govern 
or  of  the  colony,  and  prepared  to  establish  himself  in  his  new  dominions  with 

, f  magnificence.     He  brought  with  him  from  Sweden   the  bricks 

used  for  the  construction  of  his  royal  dwelling.     Upon  an   inspection  of 

the   settlement,    he   detected    the    inherent   weakness   of   the   location    of    Fort 

Christina  for  commanding  the  navigation  of  the  river,  and  selected  the   island 

nacnm   for  the  site  of  anew    fort,  called  New   Gottenburg,  which  was 

speedily  erected  and  made  strong  with  huge  hemlock  logs.     In  the  midst  of 


26  HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

the  island,  he  built  his  royal  residence,  which  was  surrounded  with  trees  and 
shubbery.  He  erected  another  fort  near  the  mouth  of  Salem  Creek, 
called  Elsinborg,  which  he  mounted  with  eight  brass  twelve-pounders, 
and  garrisoned.  Here  all  ships  ascending  the  river  were  brought  to, 
and  required  to  await  a  permit  from  the  Governor  before  proceeding 
to  their  destination.  Gen.  Van  Ilpendam,  who  had  been  sent  to  drive 
away  the  intruders  from  New  England,  had  remained  after  executing 
his  commission  as  commandant  at  Fort  Nassau;  but  having  incurred  the  dis- 
pleasure of  Director  Keift,  he  had  been  displaced,  and  was  succeeded  by ^ An- 
dreas Hudde,  a  crafty  and  politic  agent  of  the  Dutch  Governor,  who  had  no. 
sooner  arrived  and  become  settled  in  his  place  than  a  conflict  of  authority 
sprang  up  between  himself  and  the  Swedish  Governor.  Dutch  settlers  secured 
a  grant  of  land  on  the  west  bank  of  Delaware,  and  obtained  possession  by  pur- 
chase from  the  Indians.  This  procedure  kindled  the  wrath  of  Printz,  who 
tore  down  the  ensign  o£  the  company  which  had  been  erected  in  token  of 
the  power  of  Holland,  and  declared  that  he  would  have  pulled  down  the 
colors  of  their  High  Mightinesses  had  they  been  erected  on  this  the  Swed- 
ish soil.  That  there  might  be  no  mistake  about  his  claim  to  authority,  the 
testy  Governor  issued  a  manifesto  to  his  rival  on  the  opposite  bank,  in  which 
were  these  explicit  declarations: 

"  Andreas  Hudde!  I  remind  you  again,  by  this  written  warning,  to  discon- 
tinue the  injuries  of  which  you  have  been  guilty  against  the  Royal  Majesty 
of  Sweden,  my  most  gracious  Queen;  against  Her  Royal  Majesty's  rights  pre- 
tensions, soil  and  land,  without  showing  the  least  respect  to  the  Royal  Majes- 
ty's magnificence,  reputation  and  dignity;  and  to  do  so  no  more,  considering 
how  little  it  would  be  becoming  Her  Royal  Majesty  to  bear  such  gross  violence 
and  what  great  disasters  might  originate  from  it,  yea,  might  be  expected. 
*  *  All  this  I  can  freely  bring  forward  in  my  own  defense,  to  exculpate  me 
from  all  future  calamities,  of  which  we  give  you  a  warning,  and  place  rt  at 
your  account.      Dated  New  Gothenburg,  3d  September,  stil,  veteri  164b. 

It  will  be  noted  from  the  repetition  of  the  high  sounding  epithets  applied 
to  the  Queen,  that  Printz  had  a  very  exalted  idea  of  his  own  position  as  the 
Vicegerent  of  the  Swedish  monarch.  Hudde  responded,  saying  m  reply:  The 
place  we  possess  we  hold  in  just  deed,  perhaps  before  the  name  of  South  River 
was  heard  of  in  Sweden."  This  paper,  upon  its  presentation,  Printz  flung  to 
the  ground  in  contempt,  and  when  the  messenger,  who  bore  it,  demanded  an 
answer,  Printz  unceremoniously  threw  him  out  doors,  and  seizing  a  gun  would 
have  dispatched  the  Dutchman  had  he  not  been  arrested;  and  whenever  any  of 
Hudde's  men  visited  Tinicum  they  were  sure  to  be  abused,  and  frequently  came 
back  "  bloody  and  bruised."  Hudde  urged  rights  acquired  by  prior  posses- 
sion, but  Printz  answered:  "  The  devil  was  the  oldest  possessor  in  hell,  yet  he, 
notwithstanding  would  sometimes  admit  a  younger  one."  A  vessel  which  had 
come  to  the  Delaware  from  Manhattan  with  goods  to  barter  to  the  Indians,  was 
brought  to,  and  ordered  away.  In  vain  did  Hudde  plead  the  rights  acquired 
by  previous  possession,  and  finally  treaty  obligations  existing  between  the 
two  nations.  Printz  was  inexorable,  and  peremptorily  ordered  the  skipper 
away,  and  as  his  ship  was  not  provided  with  the  means  of  fighting  its  way  up 
past  the  frowning  battlements  of  Port  Elsinborg,  his  only  alternative  was  to 
return  to  Manhattan  and  report  the  result  to  his  employers. 

Peter  Stuyvesant,  a  man  of  a  good  share  of  native  talent  and  force  of  char- 
acter, succeeded  to  the  chief  authority  over  New  Netherland  in  May,  lb47. 
The  affairs  of  his  colony  were  not  in  an  encouraging  condition.  The  New 
England  colonies  were  crowding  upon  him  from  the  north  and  east,  and  the 


HISTORV    OS   PENNSYW  ASIA.  21 

Swedes  upon  the  s,,,th   Biver  wen  occupying  the  territory  which  to  Dutoh 
tor   many  yean  previous  te  the  ooming  of  Christina's  colony  had  claimed. 

Ymi.l  the  thickening  0 plioationB,  Stuyvesant   had  need  of  iill  his  ].._. 

anmmentand  executive  skill.     Ho  entered  into  negotiations  with  the  Kew  En 
6  ...  r    1       in i.   ..f   .1,..;..   .1;  iv,,.,iit  i,w    imttim>  tin.   van 


V  pacific  policy  was  also  preserved  toward  the  Swedes,  Eudde  was  retained 
■I  t)„.  bead  of  Dutch  affain  upon  the  Delaware,  and  he  was  required  to  make 
full  reports  of  everything  that  was  transpiring  there  in  order  that  a  clear  in- 
right  mighl  be  gained  of  the  policy  likely  to  be  pursued.     Stuyvesant  was  en- 

tirelv  too  shrewd  a  politician  for  the  choleric  I'rintz.  Ho  recommended  to  the 
company  to  plant  a  Dutch  colony  on  the  Bite  of   Zwanendal  at   the  mouth  of 

the  river   another  on  the  opp  .site  hank,  which,  if  effectually  dune,  would n 

mand  its  navigation;  and  a  third  on  the  upper  waters  at  Beversreede,  which 
would  intercept  the  intercourse  of  the  native  population.  By  this  course  of 
active  col.  ni/.in- '.  Stuvvesant  rigluh  calculated  that  the  Swedish  power  would 
be  oiroumscribed,  and  finally,  upon  a  favorable  occasion,  be  crushed  out 

Stuyvesant,  that  he  might  ascertain  the  nature  and  extent  of  the  Swedish 

claims  to  tho  country,  and  examine  into  the  complaints  that  wen  pouring  in 

upon  him  of  wrongs  and  indignities  suffered  by  the  Dutch  at  the  hands  oE  the 

Swedish  power,  in  1651  determined  to  visit  the  Delaware  in  hisomoial  capac- 

ity      Ee  evidently  went  in  BomeBtate,  and  Printe,  who  was  doubtless  impressed 

w'ith  the  condecension  of  the  Governor  of  all  New  Netherland  in  thus  coming, 

il  upon  his  good  behavior.     Stuyvesant,  by  his  address,  got  completely 

u   the  blind  side  of  the  Swedish  chief,  maintaining  the  garb  of  friendship 

and  brotherly  good-will,  and  insisting  that  the  di»  ussion  of  rights  should  be 

carried  on  in  a  peaceful  and   friendly  manner,  for   we  are   informed   that  they 

mutually  promised  "  not  to  commit  any  hostile  or  vexatious  acts  against  one 

another,  but  to  maintain  together  till  neighborly  friendship  and  corrospond- 

aaoe,  as  good  friends  and  allies  aro  bound  to  do."     Priutz  was  thus,  by  this 

agreement,    entirely  disarmed  and  placed  at  a  disadvantage;  for  the   Dutch 

Governor  took  advantage  of  the  armistice  to  acquire  lands  below  Fort  Chris- 

tina,  where  he  proceeded  to  erect  a  fort  only  five  miles  away,  which  he  named 

lasimir.      This  gave  the  Dutch  a  foothold  upon  the  south  bank,  and  111 

nearer  proximity  to  the  ocean  than  Fort  Christina.      Fort   Nassau   was   dia 

mantled  and  destroyed,  as  being  no  longer  of  use.     In  a  conference  with  the 

Swedish  Governor,  Stuvvesant  demanded  to  see  documental  proof  of  his  right 

to  exercise  authority  upon    he  Delaware,  and  the  compass  of    the  lands  to 

which  the  Swedish  Government  laid  claim.     Printz  prepared  a  statement  in 

which  he  set  out  the  '-Swedish  limits  wide  enough."     But  Stuyvesant  de- 

1  the  documents,  under  the  seal  of  the  company,  and  characterized   this 

writing  as  a  "subterfuge,"  maintaining  by  d  toumentary  evidence,  on  his  part, 

the  Dutch  West  India  Company's  right  to  the  soil. 

Printz  was  greal  as  a  blusterer,  and  preserver  of  authority  when  personal 
abuse  and  kicks  and  cuffs  could  l>e  resorted  to  without  the  fear  of  retaliation; 
but  no  match  in  statecraft  for  the  wily  Stuyvesant.  To  the  plea  of  pn-ooou- 
pancy  he  had  nothing  to  answer  more  than  he  had  already  done  to  Hudde's 
messenger  respecting  the  government  of  Hades,  and  herein  was  the  cause  of 
the  Swedes  inherently  weak.  In  numbers,  too,  tho  Swedes  were  feeble  com 
pared  with  the  Dutch,  who  had  ten  times  the  population.  But  in  diplomacy 
he  had  been  entirely  overreached.     Fort    Casiniir.  by  its  location,  rendered 


HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA 


the  rival  Fort  Elainborg  powerless,  and  under  plea  that  the  mosquitoes  had  be- 
come troublesome  there?  it  was  abandoned.  Discovering,  doubtless  that  a  cloud 
oHomp  cations  was  thickening  over  him,  which  he  would  be  unable  with  the 
forceTat  his  command  to  successfully  withstand,  he  asked  to  be  relieved,  and, 
S  awaiting  an  answer  to  his  application,  departed  for  Sweden  leaving 
Hs  son-in-law  John  Pappegoya,  who  had  previously  received  marks  of  the 
royal  favor,  and  been  invested  with  the  dignity  of  Lieutenant  Governor,  in 

^TrSweSompany  had  by  this  time,  no  doubt  discovered  that  forcible 
opposition  to  Swedish  occupancy  of  the  soil  upon  Delaware  was  destined  -«»  - 
to  come,  and  accordingly,  as  a  precautionary  measure,  m  November,  16M the 
Co  lege'of  Commerce  sent  John  Amundson  Beach,  with  the  commiBsion  o 
Captain  in  theNavv,  to  superintend  the  construction  of  .vessels  Upon  his 
aiSa  he  acquired  lands  suitable  for  the  purpose  of  ship-building  and  set 
about  laying  his  keels.  He  was  to  have  supreme  author tty  over  the  naval  force 
and  waste  act  in  conjunction  with  the  Governor  in  protecting  the  interests ,  of 
the  colony,  but  in  such  a  manner  that  neither  should  decide  anything  without 

C0T™!vh\She  application  of  Printz  to  be  relieved    the  company   ap- 
pointedJohn  Claude  Rysingh,  then  Secretary  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce 
L  V  ce  Director  of  New  Sweden.      He  was  instructed  to  fortify  and   extend 
the  Swedish  possessions,   but  without  interrupting  the  friendship    existing 
with  the  Engl  sh  or  Dutch.      He  was  to  use  his  power  of  persuasion  in  indue- 
iuTthe  latter  to  give  up  Fort  Casimir,  which  was  regarded  as  an  intrusion 
S£  ^weliSn  poLsstens,  but  without  resorting  to  hostilities   « ,  it  was  better 
to  allow  the  Dutch  to  occupy  it  than  to  have  it  fall  into  the  hands  of  the  En- 
glish  "who  are  the  more  powerful,  and,  of  course,  the  most  dangerous  in  that 
fiuntry"       Thus   early  was  the  prowess  of  England    foreshadowed.       Go* 
RysSh  arrived  in  the  Delaware,  on  the  last  day  of  May,  1654,  and  immediately 
demanded  the  surrender  of  Fort  Casimir.      Adriaen  Van  Tienhoven,  an  aide- 
decamp  on  the  staff  of  the  Dutch  commandant  of  the  fort,  was  sent  on  board 
£e   vZeTto   demand  of    Gov.  Rysingh  by    what    right  he  claimed  to  *j- 
possess  the  rightful  occupants;  but  the  Governor  was  not  disposed    to  discuss 
Le  matter!  and  immediately  landed  a  party  and  took  possession  without  more 
opposition  than  wordy  protests,  the  Dutch  Governor  saying,  when  called  onto 
make  defense,  "What  can  I  do?  there  is  no  powder."     Rysingh,  however,    in 
Tustiucation  of  his  course,  stated  to  Teinhoven,  after  he  had  gained  po«™n 
of  the  fort,  that  he  was  acting  under  orders  from  the  crown  of  Sweden    whose 
embassador  at  the  Dutch  Court,  when  remonstrating  against  be  «t.on  of  Gov 
Stuyvesant   in   erecting  and   manning  Fort  Cas.mir    had    been    assured     by 
the  State's  General  and°  the  offices  of  the  West  India  Company,    hat  they  had 
not  authorized  the  erection  of  this  fort  on  Swedish  ^il   saying      i f  om  people 
are  in   your  Excellency's  way,    drive  them  off"      '  There  upon. the   ^edirii 
Governor  slapped  Van  Teinhoven  on  the  breast,  and  said,  'Go!  tell  yom  Gov 
ernorLat.'"      As  the  capture  was  made  on  Trinity  Sunday,    the  name  was 
changed  from  Fort  Casimir  to  Fort  Trinity. 

Thus  were  the  instructions  of  the  new  Governor,  ?.ot  ^  ™80*  ^J^'^ 
to  secure  possession  of  the  fort  by  negotiation,  complied  wi  h  but  by  a  toiced 
interpretation.  For,  although  he  had  not  actually  come  to  battle,  for  the  very 
"ood'real  that  the  Dutch  had  no  powder  and  were  not  disposed .tc ^use 
their  fists  against  fire  arms,  which  the  Swedes  brandished  freely,  jet,  in  mak- 
in"  his  demand  for  the  fort,  he  had  put  on  the  stern  aspect  of  war. 
"Stuyvesant,  on  learning  of  the  loss  of  Fort  Cas.mir,  sent  a  messenger  to  the 


IIISTnl.1    OF    l'LA.V-l  l.\   IMA.  29 

Delaware  to  invite  Gov.  Rysingh  to  come  to  Manhattan  to  bold  friendlj  oonfer 
enoe  m  on  the  Bubjeot  o(  their  difficulties.  This  Rysingh  refused  to  do,  and  the 
Dntch  Governor,  probabl)  desiring  instructions  from  the  home  Government  be 
f,  re  prooeedingto  extremities,  made  a  voyage  to  tbe  West  Indies  for  the  purpose 
of  arranging  favorable  regulations  of  trade  with  the  colonies,  thougb  without 
the  instructions,  or  even  the  knowledge  of  the  States-General.  Cromwell, 
who  was  now  at  tin-  head  of  tlu>  English  nation,  by  the  policy  of  his  agents, 
rendered  this  embass)  of  Stuyvesanl  abortive 

As  soon  as  information  of  the  conduct  of  Rysingh  at  Zwanendal  was 
known  in  Holland,  the  company  lost  no  time  in  disclaiming  the  representa- 
tions which  he  had  made  of  its  willingness  to  have  the  fort  turned  over  to  the 
Swedes,  and  immediately  took  measures  for  restoring  it  and  wholly  dispossess- 
ing the  Swedes  of  lands  upon  the  Delaware.  On  the  llithof  November,  Ibofi, 
the  company  ordered  Stoyveaant  "to  exert,  every  nerve  to  avenge  the  insult, 
by  not  only  replacing  matters  on  the  Delaware  in  their  former  position,  but 
by  driving  the  Swedes  from  every  side  of  the  river,"  though  they  subsequent 

ly  modified  this  order  in  such  manner  as  to  allow  the  Swedes,  after  Fort  Casi 
mil  had  been  taken,  "to  hold  the  land  on  which  Port  Christina  is  built,"  with 
a  garden  to  cultivate  tobacco,  beoause  it  appears  that  they  had  made  the  pur- 
chase with  the  previous  knowledge  of  the  company,  thus  manifesting  a  disin- 
clination to  involve  Holland  in  a  war  with  Sweden.  "Two  armed  ships  were 
forthwith  commissioned;  'the  drum  was  beaten  daily  for  volunteers' in  the 
streets  of  Amsterdam;  authority  was  sent  out  to  arm  and  equip,  and  if 
eary  to  press  into  the  company's  service  a  sufficient  number  of  ships  for  the 
expedition.'-  In  the  meantime,  Gov.  Rysingh,  who  had  inaugurated  his 
reign  by  so  bold  a  stroke  of  policy,  determined  to  ingratiate  himself  into  the 
favor  of  the  Indians,  who  had  been  soured  in  disposition  by  the  arbi- 
trary conduct  of  the  passionate  Printz.  Ho  accordingly  sent  out  on  all 
an  invitation  to  the  native  tribes  to  assemble  on  a  certain  day,  by  their  chiefs 
and  principal  men,  at  the  seat  of  government  on  Tinicum  Island,  to  brighten 
tbe  chain  of  friendship  and  renew  their  pledges  of  faith  and  good  neighbor- 
hood. 

On  the  morning  of  the  appointed  day,  ten  grand  sachems  with  their  at 
tendants  came,  and  with  the  formality  characteristic  of  these  native  tribes,  the 
council  opened  Many  and  bitter  were  the  complaints  made  against  the  Swedes 
for  wrongs  suffered  at  their  bands,  "chief  among  which  was  that,  many  of 
their  number  had  died,  plainly  pointing,  though  not  explicitly  saying  it,  to  the 
giving  of  spirituous  liquors  as  the  cause."  The  new  Governor  had  no  answer 
to  make  to  these  complaints,  being  convinced,  probably,  that  they  were  but  too 
true.  'Without  attempting  to  excuso  or  extenuate  the  past.  Rysingh  brought 
forward  the  numerous  presents  which  he  had  taken  with  him  from  Sweden  for 
the  purpose.  Tbe  sight  of  the  piled  up  goods  produced  a  profound  impression 
Upon  the  minds  of  the  native  chieftains.  They  sat  apart  for  conference  before, 
making  any  expression  of  their  feelings.  Naaman,  the  fast  friend  of  the  white 
man,  and  the  most  consequential  of  the  warriors,  according  to  Campanula, 
spoke:  "  Look,"  said  he.  "and  see  what  they  have  brought  to  us."  So  say- 
ing, he  stroked  himself  three  times  down  the  arm,  which,  among  the  Indians, 
was  a  token  of  friendship;  afterward  he  thanked  the  Swedes  on  behalf  of  his 
people  for  the  presents  tiny  had  received,  and  said  that  friendship  should  be 
I  more  strictly  between  them  than  ever  before;  that  the  Swedes  and 
the  Indians  in  Gov.  I'rint/.V  time  were  as  ono  body  and  one  heart,  sinking  his 
OS  he  spoke,  and  that  thenceforward  they  should  be  as  one  head;  in 
token  of  which  he  took  hold  of  his  head  with  both  hands,  and  made  a  i 

8 


30 


HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


^  nameT  were  read  of  those  who  were  dead,  they  hung  the*  heads  in 

""liter  the  first  edition  of  feeling  had  subsided  on  the .part  of ^  the  Dutch 
Company   at  Amsterdam,  the  winter  passed  without  anyth  ng  fmther  bemg 
done  than  issuine  the  order  to  Stuyvesant  to  proceed  against  the  Swedes,     in 
fhe  spiin-  however,  a  thirty-six-gun  brig  was  obtained  from  the  burgomaster 
of  Amsterdam  which,  with  four  other  crafts  of  varying  s.zes,  was  prepared  for 
duty   and  Z. 'little  fleet  set  sail  for  New  Netherlands     Orders  were  given  for 
fmmedAte  act  or "though  Director  General  Stuyvesant  had  not  returned  from 
he  West  lutes      Upon  the   arrival  of  the  vessel*  at  M-hat  an,  it  was     ^ 
nounced  that  «  if  any  lovers  of  the  prosperity  and  eecunty  rfto piovinc o 
IMaw  Netherland  were  inclined  to  volunteer,  or  to  serve  tor  reasonable  wage. , 
fhey  fhould  come  forward,"  and  whoever  should  lose  a  limb,  orbematme^ 
assured  of  a  decent  compensation.     The  merchantmen  were  oidered  toft n^ 
two  of  their  crews,  and  the  river  boatmen  were  to  be  impressed.     A  Hh,    pnet 
ure  a  grave  question  arose:    "  Shall  the  Jews  be  enliated?        *™«™ 
in  the  negative;  but  in  lieu  of  service    adult  male  Jews  weie  ta^  61stT  *ve 
stivers  a  head  per  month,  to  be  levied  by  execution  ^^f^/^de  ready  for 
m-nwpsint  had  now  arrived  from  his  commercial  trip,  and  made  leacvy  101 
open  n^the  campaign 'in  earnest.    A  day  of  prayer  and ^ thanksgiving .vas  held 
^beseech  the  favor  of  Heaven  upon  the  fPn^^S 
ber,  1655,  with  a  fleet  of  seven  vessels  and  some  600  men,  Stuyvesant ^iswu 
sail  and  steered  for  the  Delaware.     Arrived  before  For t  Trim  y  (Casumi     the 
Director  sent  Capt.  Smith  and  a  drummer  to  summon  the  fort,  and  orderea  a 
S  movement  b'y  a  party  of  fifty  picked  men  to  cut  <*  ™g™^  w^h 
Fort  Christina  and  the  headquarters  of  Gov.  Rysingh.    ^eD  Sch™e'  ™  £"? 
mandant  of   the  garrison,  asked   permission  to  communicate  w^b   £  sing^ 
Which  was  denied?  and  he  was  called  on  to  prevent  bloodshed.      An  ^terJ^ 
m   he  valley  midway  between  the  fort  and  the  Dutch  batteries  was  held,  when 
"chute"  ked  to  send  an  open  letter  to  Rysingh.     ^his  -as  deni^   and  f or  a 
third  time  the  fort  was  summoned.      Impatient  of  delay,  ^J^^XancT 
parley,  the  great  guns  were  landed  and  the  Dutch  force  oide led  to •*£"£* 
Schute  again  asked  for  a  delay  until  morning,  which  was  gumt  ^  Jas  the  d 
was  now  well  spent  and  the  Dutch  would  be  unable  to  make  the  necessary 
prlpSirns  terpen  before  morning.    Early  on  the  Wto-^Stotow-J 
on  board  the  Dutch  flagship,  the  balance   and  agreed  to  term     of  ™d« 
very  honorable  to  his  flag.      He  was  permitted  to  send  to  Sweden,  by  the  msi 
o^ortunHv    the  cannon?  nine  in  number,  belonging  to  the  crown oi Sweden 
to  march  out  of  the  fort  with  twelve  men,  as  his  body  guard,  full}  accoutred 
and  colors  flying;  the  common  soldiers  to  wear  their  side  arms.      Ihe  com 


HISTOai   OB  PENNffi  i.v  \si.\.  31 

•mandant  and  other  officers  were  to  retail)  their  private  property,  the  muskets 
belonging  to  the  crown  were  to  be  held  until  sen!  for,  and  finally  the  fori  was 
to  be  surrendered,  with  all  the  cannon,  ammunition,  materials  and  other  goods 
belonging  to  the  Wed  India  Company.  The  Dutch  entered  the  fort  at  noon 
with  all  the  formality  and  glorious  oiroumstanoe  of  war.  and  Dominie  Megap- 
.  lensis,  Chaplain  of  the  expedition,  preached  a  sermon  of  thanksgiving  on  the 
following  Sunday  in  honor  of  1 1 1 » -  great  triumph. 

While  these,  Bignal  events  were  transpiring  at  Oasimir,  Gov.  ftysing,  at  his 
royal  residence  on  Tinicum,  was  in  niter  ignorance  that  hewas  being  despoiled 
of  his  power.  A.  detachment  of  nine  men  had  been  sent  by  the  Governor  to 
Casimir  to  re-enforce  the  garrison,  which  came  unawares  upon  the  Dutch  lines, 
and  after  a  brief  skirmish  all  but  two  were  captured.  Upon  learning  thai  the 
fori  was  invested,  Factor  Ellswyok  was  sent  with  a  flag  to  inquire  of  the  in 
raders  the  purpose  of  their  ooming.  The  answer  was  returned  "To  recover 
and  retain  our  property."  Rysingh  then  communicated  the  hope  that  they 
would  therewith  rest  content,  and  not  encroach  further  upon  Swedish  territory, 
having,  doubtless,  ascertained  bj  this  time  that  the  Dutch  were  too  strong  for 
him  to  make  any  effectual  resistance.  Stuyvesant  returned  an  evasive  answer, 
but  made  ready  to  march  upon  Fort  Christina  It  will  be  remembered  that 
by  the  terms  of  the  modified  orders  given  for  the  reduction  of  the  Swedes, 
I  inistina  was  not  to  be  disturbed.  But  the  Dutch  Governor's  blood  was 
Dow  trp.  and  he  determined  to  make  clean  work  while  the  means  were  in  his 
haods.  Discovering  that  the  Dutch  were  advancing.  Rysingh  spent  the  whole 
night  in  strengthening  the  defenses  and  putting  the  garrison  in  position  to 
make  a  Btout  resistance.  Early  on  the  following  day  the  invaders  made  their 
appearance  on  the  opposite  bank  of  Christina  Creek,  when'  they  threw  up  de 
fenses  and  planted  their  cannon.  Forces  were  landed  above  the  fort,  and  the 
place  was  soon  invented  on  all  sides,  the  vessels,  in  the  meantime,  having  been 
brought  into  the  mouth  of  the  creek,  their  cannon  planted  west  of  the  fort  and 
on  Timber  Island.  Having  thus  securely  shut  up  the  Governor  and  his  garri- 
son, Stuyvesant  BUmmmoned  him  to  surrender.  Rysingh  could  not  in  honor 
tamely  Bubmit,  and  at  a  council  of  war  it  was  resolved  to  make  a  defense  and 
"  leave  the  consequence  to  be  redressed  by  our  gracious  superiors.*'  But  their 
supply  of  powder  barely  sufficed  for  one  round,  and  his  force  consisted  of  only 
thirty  men.  In  the  meantime,  the  Dutch  soldiery  made  free  with  the  property 
of  the  Swedes  without  the  fort,  killing  their  cattle  and  invading  their  homes. 
■•At  length  the  Swedish  garrison  itself  showed  symptoms  of  mutiny.  The 
men  were  harassed  with  constant  watching,  provisions  began  to  fail,  many 
ick,  several  had  deserted,  and  Stuyvesant  threatened,  that,  if  they  held 
out  much  longer,  to  give  no  quarter."  A  conference  was  held  which  ended 
return  of  Rysingh  to  the  fort  more  resolute  than  ever  for  defense. 
Finally  Stuyvesant  "sent  in  his  ultimatum  and  gave  twenty-four  hours  for  a 
final  answer,  the  generous  extent  of  time  for  consideration  evincing  the  humane 
disposition  of  the  commander  of  the  invading  army,  or  what  is  perhaps  more 
probable  his  own  lack  of  stomach  for  carnage.  Before  the  expiration  of  the 
time  allowed,  the  garrison  capitulated,  'after  a  siege  of  fourteen  days,  dur- 
ing which,  very  fortunately,  there  was  a  great  deal  more  talking  than  cannon- 
ading, and  no  blood  shed,  except  those  of  the  goats,  poultry  and  swine,  which 
tie-  Dutch  troops  laid  their  hands  on.  The  twenty  or  thirty  Swedes  then 
marched  out  with  their  arms:  colors  flying,  matches  lighted,  drums  beating, 
and  fifes  playing,  and  the  Dutch  took  possession  of  the  fort,  hauled  down  the 
Swedish  flag  and  hoisted  their  own." 

By  the  terms  of  capitulation,  the  Swedes,  who  wished  to  remain  in  the 


32  HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

county,  were  pelted  to  doj   on  *p^g>«$$^  tov^ 
of  property  were  to  be  respected  ™^£»  sway  ^.^ 

singh,  and  all  others- who  J^JfSg^^  Jj,  made  to  Eysingh,  to  be 
and  by  a  secret  provision, a  loan  ot  Xdu  property  belonging 

refanded  on  bis  arrival   ml ^^'^Te  Dutch  until  the"  loan  was  paid, 
to  the  crown  remaining  in  the  hands  ot  me  Christina  and  the 

ions,  or  else  the  discipline  i  entered  most  vigorous  pro- 

of  a  new  vessel,  with  ha «ng  plundeiea  tne  g    ,  b  violently 

8°  desolated  ?atscai;ce  ^---^^01^  sub  isten^ 

"wS  that  olmy  Sy   and  we  were  left  like  sheep  doomed  to   the   kmfe, 

without  means  of  defense  Y^FilsonlheloZ  Eiver,  which  had  been 

and  their  dwellings  around  the  graves  of  their -fetters.  ^ 

throughout  the  web  of  history,  and  are  mvisib e  t .the  du U  eye  of     gn  ^ 

*     *     *     By  the  treacherous  surpnsal  of  Foit  Oasimn,  tnen,  aiu 1 ■  ■ 

Swedes  eniov  a  transient  triumph,  but  drew  upon  their  heads  the  ™ngeance 
of  StorStuyvesant.  who  wrested  all  New  Sweden  from  their  hand*  B*  the 
inquest  of  New  Sweden,  Peter  Stuyvesant  aroused  the  claims  of  Lord  Bait, 


HISTOBI  OF  PENNSYLVANIA.  33 

more,  who  appealed  to  the  cabinet  of  Groat  Britain,  who  subdued  the  whole 
province  of  Not  Netherlands.  By  this  great  achievement,  the  whole  extent  of 
North  America,  from  Nova  Scotia  to  the  Floridas,  was  rendered  one  entire 
dependency  npon  the  British  crown.  Bat  mark  the  consequence:  The  hith- 
erto scattered  ooloniee  l>.-iu^  thus  consolidated  and  having  no  rival  colonies  to 
check  or  keep  them  in  awe,  waxed  great  and  powerful,  and  finally  becoming 
eg  for  the  mother  country,  were  enabled  to  shake  off  its  bonds.  But 
the  chain  of  effects  stepped  not  here;  the -successful  revolution  in  America  pro- 
duced the  sanguinary  revolution  in  France,  which  produced  the  puissant 
Bonaparte,  who  produced  the  French  despotism." 

In  March,  1656,  the  ship  " Mercury, "  with  130  emigrants,  arrived,  the 
government  at  Stockholm  having  had  no  intimation  of  the  Dutch  conquest. 
An  attempt  was  made  to  prevent  a  landing,  and  the  vessel  was  ordered  to 
report  to  Stuyvesant  at  Manhattan,  but  the  order  was  disregarded  and  the  col- 
oniatB  debarked  and  acquired  lands.  The  Swedish  Government  was  not  dis- 
poeed  to  submit  to  these  high-handed  proceedings  of  the  Duteh,  and  the  min- 
i-ter-  of  the  two  courts  maintained  a  heated  discussion  of  their  differences. 
Og  the  Dutch  disposed  to  hold  by  force  their  conquests,  the  government 
of  Sweden  allowed  the  claim  to  rest  until  1(104.  In  that  year,  vigorous  meas- 
ures were  planned  to  regain  its  claims  upon  the  Delaware,  and  a  fleet  bearing 
a  military  force  was  dispatched  for  the  purpose.  But,  having  been  obliged  to 
put  back  on  account  of  stress  of  weather,  the  enterprise  was  abandoned. 


CHAPTER    III. 


John  Paul  Jacqfet,  1655-57— Jacob  Alrichs,  1657-59— Goeran  Van  Dyck,  1657 
-58—  William  Beekmax,  1658-63— Alexander  D'IIixoyossa.  1659-64. 

THE  colonies  upon  the  Delaware  being  now  under  exclusive  control  of  the 
Dutch,    John   Paul  Jaquet   was   appointed  in   November,  1(155,    as  Vice 
Director,  Derek  Smidt  having  exercised  authority  after  the  departure  of  Stuy 
vesant.     The  expense  of  fitting  out  the  expedition  for  the  reduction  of   the 
Swedes    was  sorely  felt  by  the  A\  est  India  Company,  which  had   been   obliged 
iow  money  for  the 'purpose   of  t'je  city  of  Amsterdam.      Inpayment  of 
this  loan,  the  company  sold  to  the   city  all  the  lauds  upon  the  south  bank  of 
the  Delaware,  from  the  ocean  to  Christina  Creek,  reaching  back  to  the  lands 
of   the  Ifinquas,  which  was  designated  N'ieur  Amstel.     Again  was  there  di- 
.uihority  upon  the  Delaware.     The  government  of  the  new  possession 
ii  a  commission  of  forty  residents  of  Amsterdam,  who  appointed 
Jacob  Alrichs  as  Director,  and  sent"  him  with  a  force  of  forty  soldiers  and  150 
colonists,  in  three  vessels,  to  assume  the  government,  whereupon  Jaquet  relin- 
quished authority  over  this  portion  of  his  territory.     The  company  in  commu- 
nicating with  Stuyvesant  upon  the  subject  of   his  course  in   dispossessing  the 
■  r   duly  considering    all  the  complaints    and  remonstrances  of  the 
-li  government)  approved  his  conduct,  "though  they  would  not  have  been 
displei  1.  a  formal  capitulation  not  taken  place,"  adding  as  a  paren- 

thetical explanation  of  the  word  formal  "  what  is  written  is  too  long  preserved, 
and  may  be  produced  when  not  desired,  whereas  words  not  recorded  are.in  the 
lapse  of  time,  forgotten,  or  may  be  explained  away." 


34  HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA 

Stuyvesant  still  remained  in  supreme  control  over  both  the  colony  of  the 
city  and  the  colony  of  the  company,  to  the  immediate  governorship  of  the  lat- 
ter o^ch,  Goeian  Van  Dyck  was  appointed.  But  though  settlements  m 
he  management  of  affairs  were  frequently  made  they  would I  not  remain  j£ 
tied  There  was  conflict  of  authority  between  Alrichs  and  Van  Djck.  llie 
companies  soon  found  that  a  grievous  system  of  smuggling  had  sprung  up. 
After Tsearchincr  examination- into  the  irregularities  by  Stuyvesant,  who  vis- 
UedtheMawareforthe  purpose.be  recommended  the  appointment  of  one 
general  a-enT  who  should  have  charge  of  all  the  revenues  of  both  colonies 
fud  \Y  illfam  Beeknian  was  accordingly  appointed  The  company  of  the  city 
™t  tnWebeen  satisfied  with  the  profits  of  their  investment,  and  ac- 
cording mad^w  regulations  to  govern  "settlement,  by  which  larger  returns 
Sould  accrue.  This  action  created  discontent  among  the  settlers,  and  many 
who  wexe  meditating  the  purchase  of  lands  and  the  acquisition  of  homes,  de- 
termtoed  to  go  over°into  Maryland  where  Lord  Baltimore  was .offering  far  more 
teimmea  to  fc  j  discomforts  of  the  settlers,       the 

mtr^hlhrtTlluvialsoil  and  the  rank  and  *<^^£* 
of  a  new  country  engenders, ' '  produced  wasting  sicknesses  When  the  plant  ng 
wascompteed,  andgthenew  soil,  for  ages  undisturbed,  had  been  thoroughly 
rtoedThe  rains  set  in  which  descended  almost  continuously,  producing ;  fever 
and  ague  and  dysentery.  Scarcely  a  family  escaped  the  epidemic^  Six  m 
the  Ely  of  Director  Alrichs  were  attacked,  and  his  wife  died  New  colo- 
nisVcSmo  without  provisions,  which  only  added  to  the  distress.     "  Scarcity  of 

000  schepels  of  grain  had  been  sown  in  the  spring.  They  produced  scarcely 
600  athartst  Rye  rose  to  three  guilders  the  bushel-  peas  to  eigh  guilders 
the  sack  salt  was  twelve  guilders  the  bushel  at  New  Amsterdam;  cheese  and 
butter  we're  not  to  be  had,  and  when  a  man  journeys  he  can  get  nothing  bu 
dry  breacl  or  he  must  take  a  pot  or  kettle  along  with  him  to  cook  his  victuals. 
"  The  p'ace  had  now  got  so  bid  a  name  that  the  whole  river  could  not  wash  it 
clean  ''The  exactions  of  the  city  company  upon  its  colony  not  only  did  not 

si  $s£i=2i?&  area  ?Att=£ 

AccoEglt  Col.  Utie,  with  a  number  of  delegates,  was  dispatched  to  demand 
that  the  Dutch  should  quit  the  place,  or  declare  themselves  subjects  of  Lord 
Baltimore addLg  '<  th'at  if  /ey  hesitated,  they  should  be  responsible  for 
whatever  innocent  blood  might  be  shed.  „„;+;M  aT,H  the  agents 

Excited  discussions  ensued  between  the  Dutch  authorities  and  the  agents 
of  the  Maryland  government,  and  it  was  finally  agreed  to  refer  the  matter  to 
G^ot  StoySanVwho  immediately  sent  Commissioners  to  the  Cb-aped.  to 
settle  differences,  and  enter  into  treaty  regulations  for  the  mutual  return  ot 
fnltives  and  dispatched  sixty  soldiers  to  the  Delaware  to  assist  m  preserving 
orfe^and  resistifg  the  English,  should  an  attempt  be  made  to  dispossess  the 

DUtCoon  the  death  of  Alrichs,  which  occurred  in  1659,  Alexander  D'Hinoyossa 
was^Pointodtovernor  of  the  city  colony.  The  new  Governor  was^  man  of 
good  business  capacity,  and  sought  to  administer  the  aff airs  o  t.s  ,  ony  to. 
the  best  interests  of  the  settlers,  and  for  increasing  the  revenues  of  th  >  com 
pany      To  further  the  general  prosperity,  the  company  negotiated  a  new  loan 


BISTORT  OP  PENN8T  LA  \MA  35 

with  which  to  strengthen  and  improve  its  resources.      This  liberal   policy  had 
the  desired  effeol      The  Swedes,  who  had  Bettled  above  on  the  river,    - 
down,  and  acquired  homes  on  the  land-  of  the  oitj  colony.     The  Pins  and  die- 
oontented  Dntch,  who  had  gone  to  Maryland,  returned  and  brought  with  them 
some  of  the  English  Bettlers. 

Disoonraged  by  the  harassing  oonfUots  of  authority  which  seemed  inter 
minable,  the  West  India  Company  transferred  all  its  interests  on  the  east  side 
.if  the  river  to  the  colon]  of  the  city,  and  upon  the  visit  of  D'Hinoyossa  to 
Holland  in  1668,  he  secured  (or  himself  the  entire  and  exclusive  government 
of  the  colonies  upon  the  Delaware,  being  no  longer  subject  to  the  authority  of 
Stuyveeant 

Encouraged  by  liberal  terms  of  settlement,  and  there  being  now  a  prospect 
of  stable  government,  emigrants  were  attracted  thither.  A  Mennonite commu- 
nity came  in  a  body.  "  Clergymen  were  not  allowed  to  join  them,  nor  any 
1  intractable  people  such  as  those  in  communion  with  the  Roman  See,  usurious 
Jews,  English  stiff-necked  Quakers,  Puritans,  foolhardy  believers  in  the  mil- 
lennium, and  obstinate  modern  pretenders  to  revelation.'  "  They  were  obliged 
to  take  an  oath  never  to  seek  for  an  office;  Magistrates  were  to  receive  no  com- 
pensation, "not  even  astiver."  The  soil  and  climate  were  regarded  as  excel- 
lent, and  when  sufficiently  peopled,  the  country  would  be  the  "finest  on  the 
face  of  the  globe." 


CHAPTER  IV. 

Richard   Nichols,    1664-OT— Robert   Needham,   1884-68— Francis  Lovelace 

Hit;:  :;;    .ions   Cakk.    1668-73— Anthony    Colvk,    1673  74— PETER    ALBIOBS, 
IU73-74. 

AFFAIRS  were  scarcely  arranged  upon  the  Delaware,  and  the  dawning  of 
a  better  day  for  the  colonists  ushered  in,  before  new  complioati 
began  to  threaten  the  subversion  of  the  whole  Dutch  power  in  America.  The 
English  had  always  claimed  the  entire  Atlantic  seaboard.  I'nder  Cromwell. 
the  Navigation  act  was  aimed  tit  Dutch  interests  in  the  New  World.  Captain 
John  Scott,  who  had  been  an  officer  in  the  army  of  Charles  I,  having 
obtained  some  show  of  authority  from  the  ( iovernor  of  Connecticut,  had  visited 
the  towns  upon  the  west  end  of  Long  [Bland,  where  was  a  mixed  population  of 
Dutch  and  English,  and  where  he  claimed  to  have  purchased  largo  tracts  of 
land,  .and  had  persuaded  them  to  unite  under  his  authority  in  setting  up  a 
government  of  their  own.  He  visited  England  and  "petitioned the  King  to  be 
invested  with  the  government  of  Long  Island,  or  that  the  people  thereof  be 
allowed  to  choose  yearlj  a  Governor  and  Assistants."  By  his  represen 
an  inquiry  was  instituted  by  the  King's  council,  "as  to  his  majesty's  title  to  the 
premises-,  the  intrusions  of  the  Dutch ;  their  deportment;  management  of  the 
country,  strength,  trade  and  government;  and  lastly,  of  the  means  necessary 
to  induce  or  force  them  to  acknowledge  the  King,  or  if  necessary,  to 
them  together  from  the  country."  The  visit  of  Scott,  and  his  prayer  to  the 
Ki ti_r  for  a  <^ant  of  Long  Island,  was  the  occasion  of  inaugurating  a  policy, 
which  resulted  in  the  overthrow  of  Dutch  rule  in  America.  But  the  attention 
of  English  statesmen  had  for  some  time  been  turned  to  the  importance  of  the 

territory  which  the  Dutch  colonies  hail  o lpied,  and  a  belief  that   Dutch   trade 

in  the  New  World  was  yielding  great  returns,   stimulated   inquiry. 


gy  HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA 

Duke  of  York,  brother  of  the  King,  who  afterward  himself  became  King,  was 
probably  at  this  time  the  power  behind  the  throne  that  was  urging  on  action 
ookin/to  the  dispossession  of  the  Dutch.  The  motive  which  seemed  to  actuate 
him  wits  the  acquisition  of  personal  wealth  and  power.  He  saw  as  he 
thought,  a  company  of  merchants  in  Amsterdam  accumulating  great  weath  out 
of  these  colonies,  and  he  meditated  the  transfer  of  this  wealth  to  himself.  He 
was  seconded  in  this  project  by  the  powerful  influence  of  Sir  George  Downing 
who  had  been  Envoy  at  The  Hague,  under  Cromwell,  and  was  now  under  Charles 
II  "Keen  bold,  subtle,  active,  and  observant,  but  imperious  and  unscrupulous, 
disliking  and  distrusting  the  Dutch,"  he  had  watched  every  movement  of  the 
company's  granted  privileges  by  the  States  General,  and  had  reported  every- 
thing to  his°suPeriorsat  home.  "The  whole  bent,"  says  O'Calaghan,'  of  this 
man's  mind  was  constantly  to  hold  up  before  the  eyes  of  his  countrymen  the 
mowing  power  of  Holland  and  her  commercial  companies,  their  immense 
wealth  and  ambition,  and  the  danger  to  England  of  permitting  these  to  pro 
cress  onward  unchecked.''  » 

After  giving  his  testimony  before  the  council,  Scott  returned  ^o  America 
with  a  letter  from  the  King  recommending  his  interests  to  the  co-operation  and 
protection  of  the  New  England  colonies.  On  arriving  in  Connecticut,  he  was 
commissioned  by  the  Governor  of  that  colony  to  incorporate  Long  Island  under 
Connecticut  jurisdiction.  But  the  Baptists,  Quakers  and  Menuomtes,  who  formed 
a  considerable  part  of  the  population,"  dreaded  falling  mo  the  hands  of  the 
Puritans  "  In  a  quaint  document  commencing,  ''In  the  behalfe  of  sum  hun- 
dreds of 'English  here  planted  on  the  west  end  of  Long  Island  wee  address, 
etc  "  they  besought  Scott  to  come  and  settle  their  difficulties.  On  his  arriva 
he  acquainted  them  with  the  fact,  till  then  unknown,  that  King  Charles  had 
^ranted  Hie  island  to  the  Duke  of  York,  who  would  soon  assert  his  rights. 
Whereupon  the  towns  of  Hemstede,  Newwarke,  Crafford,  Hastings,  Folestone 
and  Gravesend,  entered  into  a  "combination"  as  they  termed  it,  resolved  to 
elect  deputies  to  draw  up  laws,  choose  magistrates,  and  empowered  bcott  to 
act  as  their  President;  in  short  set  up  the  first  independent  State  in  America. 
Scott  immediately  set  out  at  the  head  of   150  men,  horse  and  foot,  to  subdue 

eOnathe  22d  of  March,  1664,  Charles  II  made  a  grant  of  the  whole  of  Long 
Island  and  all  the  adjoining  country  at  the  time  m  possession  of  th»  Dutch 
to  the  Duke  of  York.  Borrowing  four  men-of-war  of  the  king,  James  sent 
them  in  command  of  Col.  Richard  Nicholls,  an  old  officer,  with  whom  was  as- 
sociated Sir  Robert  Carr,  Sir  George  Cartwright,  and  Samuel  Maverick,  Esq., 
and  a  force  of  450  men,  to  dispossess  the  Dutch.  To  insure  the  success  of  the 
expedition,  letters  were  addressed  to  each  of  the  Governors  of  the  New  England 
colonies,  enjoining  upon  them  to  unite  in  giving  aid  by  men  and  material  to 
Nicholls  The  fleet  sailed  directly  for  Boston,  where  it  was  expected,  and 
whence,  through  one  Lord,  the  Dutch  were  notified  of  its  coming.  I  he  great- 
est consternation  was  aroused  upon  the  receipt  of  this  intelligence,  and  the 
most  active  preparations  were  making  for  defense.  But  m  the  midst  of  these 
preparations,  notice  was  received  from  the  Chambers  at  Amsterdam,  doubtless 
inspired  by  the  English,  that  "  no  apprehension  of  any  public  enemy  or  dan- 
ger from  England  need  be  entertained.  That  the  King  was  only  desirous  to 
reduce  the  colonies  to  uniformity  in  church  and  state,  aud  with  this  view  was 
dispatching  some  Commissioners  with  two  or  three  frigates  to  New  England  to 
introduce  Episcopacy  in  that  quarter."  Thrown  completely  off  his  guard  by 
this  announcement,  the  Director  General,  Stuyvesant  abandoned  all  preparations 
for  resistance,  and  indulged  in  no  anticipations  of  a  hostile  visitation.       lbus 


HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA  87 

-  three  full  weeka  lost  in  which  the  colonies  might  have  been  put  in  a  verj 
good  state  "f  deli 

Nicholls  on  arriving  in  American  waters,  touched  at  Boston  and  Connecti- 
cut, when  aoote  aid  was  received,  :m<l  then  hastened  toward  to  Manhattan 
-  .in  had  l>ut  a  day  or  two  before  learned  of  the  arrival,  and  of  the  hoe 
tile  intent  Soaroel]  had  he  i^^uml  orders  for  bringing  ou(  his  forces  and  foi 
fortifying  before  Nicholls  Boattered  proolamations  through  the  colony  promis- 
ing to  protect  all  who  submitted  to  his  Brittanic  majesty  in  the  undisturbed 
ion  of  their  property,  and  made  a  formal  summons  upon  Btuyvesanl  to 
Borrender  the  rountry  to  the  King  of  Great  Britain.  The  Direotor  found  thai 
he  had  an  entirely  different  enenrj  to  treat  with  from  Bysinghi  and  a  few  half- 
armed  Swedes  and  Fins  upon  the  Delaware.  Wordy  war  ensued  between  the 
Commissioners  and  the  Direotor,  and  the  English  Governor  finding  that  Stay 
vesanl  not  in  the  temper  to  yield,  landed  a  bodj  of  his  soldiers  upon  the  lower  end 
of  the  island,  and  ordered  Hyde,  the  commander  of  the  tleet.  to  lay  the  frigates 
broadside  before  the  city.  It  was  a  critical  moment.  Stuyvesant  was  stand- 
ing on  one  of  the  points  of  the  fort  when  he  saw  the  frigates  approaching. 
The  runner  stood  by  with  burning  match,  prepared  to  fire  on  the  fleet,  and 
Btuyvesant  seemed  on  the  point  of  giving  the  order.  But  he  was  restrained, 
and  a  further  communication  was  sentto  Nicholls,  who  would  listen  to  nothing 
-hort  of  the  full  execution  of  his  mission.  Still  Stuyvesant  held  out  The 
inhabitants  implored,  but  rather  than  surrender  "he  would  be  earned  a  corpse 
to  his  grave."  The  town  was,  however,  in  qo  condition  to  stand  a  siege.  The 
powder  at  the  fort  would  only  suffice  for  one  day  of  active  operations.  Pro- 
visions were  scarce.  The  inhabitants  were  not  disposed  to  be  sacrificed,  and 
the  disaffection  among  them  spread  to  the  soldiers.  They  were  overheard  mut- 
tering. "  Now  we  hope  to  pepper  those  devilish  traders  who  have  so  long 
salted  us;  we  know  where  booty  is  to  be  fouud,  and  where  the  young  women 
live  who  wear  gold  chains." 

The  Rev.  Jannes  Myapoleuses  seems  to  have  been  active  in  negotiations  and 
dto  the  shedding  of  blood.  A  remonstrance  drawn  by  him  was  finally 
1  and  signed  by  the  principal  men,  and  presented  to  the  Director  Gen- 
eral, in  which  the  utter  hopelessness  of  resistance  was  set  forth,  and  Stuyre- 
sant finally  consented  to  capitulate.  Favorable  terms  were  arranged,  and 
Nicholls  promised  that  if  it  should  be  finally  agreed  between  the  English  and 
Dutch  governments  that  the  province  should  be  given  over  to  Dutch  rule,  he 
would  peacefully  yield  his  authority.  Thus  without  a  gun  being  fired,  the  En 
glish  made  conquest  of  the  Manhattoes. 

Sir  Robert  Carr,  with  two  frigates  and  an  ample  force,  was  dispatched  to 
laware  to  reduce  the  a  ttlementa  there  to  English  rule.      The  planters, 
whether  Dutch  or  Swedes,   were  to   be  insured  in    the  peaceable  possession  of 
their  property,  and  the  magistrates  were  to  be  continued  in  office. 

Sailine;  past  the  fort,   he  disseminated  among  the  settler,,    the  news    of   the 
surrender  of  Stuyvesant,  and  the   promises   of    protection  which    Nicholls   had 

made  use  of.     But  Gov.  D'Hinoyossa  was  not   disposed  t"  1 1  the  demand 

rrender  without  a  struggle.  Whereupon  Carr  landed  his  forw 
stormed  the  place.  After  a  fruitless  but  heroic  resistance,  in  which  ten  were 
wounded  and  three  were  killed,  the  Governor  was  forced  to  surrender.  Tims 
was  the  complete  subversion  of  the  State's  General  in  America  consummated, 
and  the  name  of  New  Amsterdam  gave  place  to  thai  of  .New  York,  from  the 
name  of  the  BWiglinfr  propriet  ir,  James,  Duke  of  York. 

The  resistance  offered    by   D'Hinoyossa   formed  a  pretext    for  shameless 
plunder.      Carr,  in    his  report   which  shows  him   to  have   been    a    lawless    fel- 


HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


low,  says,  «  Ye  soldiers  never  stoping  untill  they  stormed  ye  fort,  andsae  con- 
sequently to  plundering;  the  seamen,  noe  less  given  to  that  ^.™<P£% 
within  and  have  g  Hon  good  store  of  booty."  Carr  seized  the  farm  of 
DHim.yossa,  hir  broker,  John  Carr,  that  of  Sheriff  Swenngen,  and  Ensign 
Stock  that  of  Peter  Alrichs.  The  produce  of  the  land  for  that  year  was  seized, 
together  with  a  cargo  of  goods  that  was  unsold.  "  Even  the  inoffensive  Men- 
njnisls,  though  non-combatant  from  principle,  did  not  escape  the  sack  and 
plunder  to  which  the  whole  river  was  subjected  by  Carr  and  his  marauders. 
A  boat  was  dispatched  to  their  settlement,  which  was  stripped  of  everything, 

t0  VichoUs'o'n  hearing  of  the  rapacious  conduct  of  his  subordinate  visited 
the  Delaware,  removed  Carr,  and  placed  Robert  N^edham  in  command  Pre^ 
vious  to  dispatching  his  fleet  to  America,  m  June,  1664  the  Duke  of  Joikhal 
granted  to  John,  Lord  Berkeley,  Baron  of  Stratton  and  Sir  George  Carteret, 
of  Saltrum  in  Devon,  the  territory  of  New  Jersey,  bounded  substantially  as  the 
present  State,  and  this,  though  but  little  settled  by  the  Dutch,  had  been  in- 
cluded in  the  terms  of  surrender  secured  by  Nicholls.  In  many  ways,  he 
showed  himself  a  man  of  ability  and  discretion.  He  drew  up .with  signal 
success  a  body  of  laws,  embracing  most  of  the  provisions  which  had  been  in 
force  in  the  English  colonies,  which  were  designated  the  Duke  s  .Laws. 

In  May  1667,  Col.  Francis- Lovelace  was  appointed  Governor  in  place  oi 
Nicholls,  and  soon  after  taking  charge  of  affairs,  drew  up  regulations  for  the 
government  of  the  territory  upon  the  Delaware,  and  dispatched  Capt.  John 
Carr  to  act  there  as  his  Deputy  Governor.  It  was  provided  that  whenever 
complaint  duly  sworn  to  was  made,  the  Governor  was  to  summon  the  sellout. 
Hans  Block,  Israel  Helm,  Peter  Rambo,  Peter  Cock  and  Peter  Alrichs,  or  any 
two  of  them,  as  counsellors,  to  advise  him,  and  determine  by  the  major  vote 
what  is  just,  equitable  and  necessary  in  the  case  in  question.  it  was  ™"&& 
provided  that  all  men  should  be  punished  in  an  exemplary  manner  though 
with  moderation;  that  the  laws  should  be  frequently  communicated  to  the 
counsellors,  and  that  in  cases  of  difficulty  recourse  should  be  had  to  the  Gov- 
ernor and  Council  at  New  York. 

In  1668.  two  murders  were  perpetrated  by  Indians,  which  caused  consider- 
able disturbance  and  alarm  throughout  the  settlements.  These  capital  crimes 
appear  to  have  been  committed  while  the  guilty  parties  were  maddened  by 
liquor  So  impressed  were  the  sachems  and  leading  warriors  of  the  baneiul 
effects  of  strong  drink,  that  they  appeared  before  the  Council  and  besought  ,ts 
authority  to  utterly  prohibit  the  sale  of  it  to  any  of  their  tribes  These  re- 
quests  were  repeated,  and  finally,  upon  the  advice  of  Peter  Alrichs,  the 
Governor  (Lovelace)  prohibited,  on  pain  of  death,  the  selling  of  powder,  shot 
and  strong  liquors  to  the  Indians,  and  writ  to  Carr  on  the  occasion  to  use  the 
utmost  vigilance  and  caution  " 

The  native  murderers  were  not  apprehended,  as  it  was  difficult  to  tiace 
them;  but  the  Indians  themselves  were  determined  to  ferret  them  out.  Une 
was  taken  and  shot  to  death,  who  was  the  chief  offender,  but  the  other  escaped 
and  was  never  after  heard  of.  The  chiefs  summoned  their  young  men  and  m 
presence  of  the  English  warned  them  that  such  would  be  the  fate  of  all  offend- 
ers. Proud  justly  remarks:  "  This,  at  a  time  when  the  Indians  were  numer- 
ous and  strong  and  the  Europeans  few  and  weak,  was  a  memorable  act  of  jus- 
tice, and  a  proof  of  true  friendship  to  the  Enghsh,  greatly  alienating  the 
fear,  for  which  they  had  so  much  reason  among  savages,  in  this  then  wildei- 

neSIn°166?a  reputed  son  of  the  distinguished   Swedish   General,  Connings- 


HISTOB?    OP  PENN81  L\  \m  \  :>'J 

marke,  commonly  sailed  the  Long  Fin.  with  another  of  his  nationality,  Henry 
Ooleman,  a  man  of  property,  and  familiar  with  the  language  and  habits  of  the 
Indians,  endeavored  to  incite  an  inBorreotion  to  throw  off  the  English  rale  and 
establish  the  Swedish  supremacy.     The  Long  Fin  was  apprehended,  and  was 

condemned  to  die;  but  upon  reconsideration  his  sentence  was  commuted  to 
whipping  and  og  with  the  letter   K.     He  was  brought  in  chains  to 

New  Tore,  whore  he  was  incarcerated  in  the  Stadt-honse  for  a  year,  and  was 
then  transported  to  Barbadoee  to  be  Bold.  Improvements  in  the  modes  of 
administering  justice  wore  from  time  Jo  time  introduced.  New  Castle  was 
made  a  corporation,  to  be  governed  by  a  Bailiff  and  six  associates.  Duties  on 
importations  were  laid,  and  Oapi  Martin  Pringer  was  appointed  to  collect  and 
make  duo  returns  of  them  to  Gov.   Lovelace. 

In    1678,  the   French  monarch,  Louis  XIV,  declared  war  against  the  Neth- 
erlands, and  with  an  army  of  over  200,000   men    moved  down  upon  that  do. 

ountry.  In  conjunction  with  the  land  force,  the  English,  with  a  power- 
ful armament,  descended  upon  the  Dutch  waters.  The  aged  Du  Buyter  and 
the  youthful  Nan  Tromp  put  boldly  to  sea  to  meet  the  invaders.  Three  great 
naval"  battles  were  fought  upon  the  Dutch  coast  on  the  7th  and  14th  of  June, 
and  the  6th  of  August,  in  which  the  English  forces  were  linally  repulsed  and 
driven  from  the  coast.  In  the  meantime,  the  inhabitants,  abandoning  their 
homes,  cut  the  dikes  which  held  bark  the  soa.  and  invited  inundation.  Deem 
ing  this  a  favorable  opportunity  to  regain  their  possessions  wrenched  from  them 
in  the  Now  World,  the  Dutch  sent  a  small  fleet  under  Commodores  Cornelius 
Evertse  and  Jacobus  Benkes,  to  Now  York,  to  demand  the  surrender  of  all 
their  previous  possessions.  Gov.  Lovelace  happened  to  be  absent,  and  hie 
representative,  Capt  John  Manning,  surrendered  with  but  brief  resistance, 
and  the  magistrates  from  Albany,  Esopus,  Fast,  Jersey  and  Long  Island,  on 
being  summoned  to  New  York,  swore  fealty  to  the  returning  Dutch  power. 
Anthony  Colve,  as  Governor,  was  Bent  to  Delaware,  where  the  magistrates 
hastened  to  meet  him   and  submit  themselves  to  his  authority.      Property  in 

glial)  Government  was  confiscated;  Gov.  Lovelace  returned  to  Fngland, 
and  many  of  the  soldiers  wore  carried  prisoners  to  Holland.  Before  their  de- 
parture. Commodores  Evertse  and  Benkes.  whost]  led  themselves  "The  honora- 
ble and  awful  oounoil  of  war,  for  their  high  mightinesses,  the  State's  General 
of  the  United  Netherlands,  and  his  Serene  Highness,  the  Prince  of  Orange," 
commissioned  Anthony  Colve,  a  Captain  of  foot,  on  the  12th  of  August.  1673, 
to  be  Governor  General  of  "Now  Netherlands,  with  all  its  appendences," 
and  on  the  lUth  of  September  following,  Peter  Alrichs,  who  had  maid  tested 
his  subserviency  and  his  pleasure  at  the  return  of  Dutch  ascendancy,  was  ap 
pointed  by  Colve  Deputy  Governor  upon  the  Delaware.  A  body  of  laws  was 
drawn  up  for  his  instruction,  and  throe  courts  of  justice  were  established,  at 
Chester  and  Lewistown  Capt.  Manning  on  his  return  to  En 
gland  was  charged  with  treachery  for  delivering  up  the  fort  at  New  York  with- 
out resistance,  and  was  Bentenced  by  a  court  martial  "to  have  bis  sword  broken 
over  his  head  in  public,  before  the  city  hall,  and  himself  rendered  incapable 
of  wearing  B  sword  and  of  serving  his  Majesty  for  the  future  in  any  public 
trust  in  the < tnvernment," 

But  the  revolution  which  had  been  affected  so  easily  was  of  short  duration. 

On  the  9th  of  February,  1674,  peace  was  concluded  beta n   England  and 

Holland,  and  in  the  articles  of  pacification  it  was  provided  '•  that  whatsoever 
countries,  islands,  town-,  ports,  rustics  or  forts,  have  or  shall  bo  taken,  on  both 
sides,  since  the  time  that  the  late  unhappy  war  broke  out.  either  in  Europe,  oi 
elsewhere,  shall  be  restored  I  i  the  former  lord  and  proprietor,  in  the  same  con- 


40  HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

dition  they  shall  be  in  when  the  peace  itself  shall  be  proclaimed,  after  which 
time  there  shall  be  no  spoil  nor  plunder  of  the  inhabitants,  no  demolition 
of  fortifications,  nor  carrying  away  of  guns,  powder  or  other  military  stores 
which  belonged  to  any  castle  or  port  at  the  time  when  it  was  taken.  This 
left  no  room  for  controversy  about  possession.  But  that  there  might  be  no  legal 
bar  nor  loophole  for  question  of  absolute  right  to  his  possessions,  the  Duke  of 
York  secured  from  the  King  on  tbe  29th  of  June  following  a  new  patent  cov- 
ering the  former  grant,  and  two  days  thereafter  sent  Sir  Edmund  Andros,  o 
possfss  and  govern  the  country.  He  arrived  at  New  York  and  took  peaceable 
possession  on  the  31st  of  October,  and  two  days  thereafter  it  was  resolved  m 
council  to  reinstate  all  the  officers  upon  Delaware  as  they  were  at  the  surrender 
to  the  Dutch,  except  Peter  Alrichs,  who  for  his  forwardness  in  yielding  his 
power  was  relieved.  Capt.  Edmund  Cantwell  and  William  Tom  were  sent  to 
occupy  the  fort  at  New  Castle,  in  the  capacities  of  Deputy  Governor  and  Sec- 
retary In  Mav  3675,  Gov.  Andros  visited  the  Delaware,  and  held  court  at 
New  Castle  "  in  which  orders  were  made  relative  to  the  opening  of  roads,  the 
regulation  of  church  property  and  the  support  of  preaching,  the  prohibition 
of  the  sale  of  liquors  to  the  Indians,  and  the  distillation  thereof  by  the  inhab- 
itants"  On  the  23d  of  September,  1676,  Cantwell  was  superseded  by  John 
Collier    as  Vice  Governor,  when  Ephraim  Hermans  became  Secretary. 

As  'was  previously  observed,  Gov.  Nicholis,  in  1664,  made  a  complete  di- 
gest of  all  the  laws  and  usages  in  force  in  the  English-speaking  colonies  in 
America,  which  were  known  as  the  Duke's  Laws.  That  these  might  now  be 
made  the  basis  of  judicature  throughout  the  Duke's  possessions,  they  were,  on 
the  25th  of  September,  1676,  formally  proclaimed  and  published  by  Gov. 
Lovelace,  with  a  suitable  ordinance  introducing  them.  It  may  here  be  ob- 
served, that,  in  the  administration  of  Gov.  Hartranft,  by  act  of  the  Legislature 
of  June  12  1878,  the  Duke's  Laws  were  published  in  a  handsome  volume,  to- 
gether with  the  Charter  and  Laws  instituted  by  Penn,  and  nistoncal  notes 
covering  the  early  history  of  the  State,  under  the  direction  of  John  B.  Linn, 
Secretary  of  the  commonwealth,  edited  by  Staughton  George,  Benjamin  M. 
Nead,  and  Thomas  McCamant,  from  an  old  copy  preserved  among  the  town  rec- 
ords of  Hempstead,  Long  Island,  the  seat  of  the  independent  State  which 
had  been  set  up  there  by  John  Scott  before  the  coming  of  Nicholis.  The  num- 
ber of  taxable  male  inhabitants  between  the  ages  of  sixteen  and  sixty  years 
in  1677,  for  Uplandt  and  New  Castle,  was  443,  which  by  the  usual  estimate  of 
seven  to  one  would  give  the  population  3,101  for  this  district,  Gov.  Collier 
having  exceeded  his  authority  by  exercising  judicial  functions,  was  deposed 
by  Andros,  and  Capt.  Christopher  Billop  was  appointed  to  succeed  him.  But 
the  change  resulted  in  little  benefit  to  the  colony;  for  Billop  was  charged 
with  many  irregularities,  "taking  possession  of  the  fort  and  turning  it  into 
a  stable,  and  the  court  room  above  into  a  hay  and  fodder  loft;  debarring  the 
court  from  sitting  in  its  usual  place  in  the  fort,  and  making  use  of  soldiers  tor 
his  own  private  purposes. "  ,  ■„„«„„ 

The  hand  of  the  English  Government  bore  heavily  upon  the  denomination 
of  Christians  called  Friends  or  Quakers,  and  the  earnest-minded,  conscientious 
worshipers,  uncompromising  in  their  faith,  were  eager  for  homes  in  a  land 
where  they  should  be  absolutely  free  to  worship  the  Supreme  Being  Berke- 
ley and  Carteret,  who  had  bought  New  Jersey,  were  Fnends  and  the  settle- 
ments made  in  their  territory  were  largely  of  that  faith.  In  16  -  5,  Lord  Ber- 
keley sold  his  undivided  half  of  the  province  to  John  Fenwicke,  in  trust  for 
Edward  Bvllinge,  also  Quakers,  and  Fenwicke  sailed  in  the  Griffith,  with  a 
■company  of  Friends  who  settled  at  Salem,  in  West  Jersey.      Byllmge,  having 


HI8T0B1   OP  PENNSYLVANIA.  41 

become  involved  in  debt,  made  an  assignment  of  his  interest  for  the  benefit  of 

liters,  and  William  Peon  was  induced  to  become  trustee  jointly  with 

Qowen  Lawrie  and  Nicholas  Lucas.     Penn  was  a  devoted  Quaker,  and  he  was 

Of  that  earnest    nature   that  the  interests  of  his  friends  and   Christian  devotees 

wen  like  his  own  persona]  interests.     Eence  lie  became  zealous  in  promoting 
the  welfare  of  the  colony.     For  its  orderly  government,  am!  that  settlers  might 
have  assurance  of  stability  in  tin'  management  el'  affairs,  Penn  drew  up  "  ( 'on 
and  agreements  of  the  proprietor-,  freeholders  ami  inhabitants  of  West 

New  Jersev  iii  America"  in  forty-four  chapters.  Foreseeing  difficult]  from 
divided  authority,  Penn  secured  a  division  of  the  province  by  "a  line  of  par- 
tition from  the  east  side  of  Little  Egg  Harbor,  straight  north,  through  the 
country  to  the  utmost  branch  of  the  Delaware  River."  Penn's  half  was  called 
New  West  Jersey,  along  the  I  lelawareside,  Carteret'sNew  Bast  Jersey  along  the 

shore.  Penn's  purposes  and  disposition  toward  the  settlers,  as  the 
founder  of  a  State,  are  disclosed  by  s  letter  which  he  wroto  at  this  time  to  a 
Friend,  Richard  Hartshorn,  then  in  America:  H  We  lay  a  foundation  for 
altera  rstand  their  liberty,  as  men  and  Christians;  that  they  may 

not  be  brought  into  bondage,  but  by  their  own  consent;  tor  we  put  the  power 
inthepeople.  *  *  So  every  man  is  capable  to  choose  or  to  be  cboson;  no  man 
to  be  arrested,  condemned,  or  molested,  in  his  estate,  or  liberty,  but  by  twelve 
men  of  the  neighborhood;  no  man  to  lie  in  prison  for  debt,  but  that  his  estate 
satisfv.  BS  far  as  it  will  go,  and  he  he  sot  at  liberty  to  work;  no  man  to  be 
called  in  question,  or  molested  for  his  conscience."  Lest  any  should  be  in- 
duced to  leave  home  and  embark  in  the  enterprise  of  settlement  unadvisedly, 
Penn  wrote  ami  published  a  letter  of  caution.  "That  in  whomsoever  a  desire  to 
I...  concerned  in  this  intended    plantation,  smh  would  weigh    the   thing  before 

rd,  and  not  hoadily,  or  rashly,  conclude  on  any  such  remove,  and  that 
the]  do  not  offer  violence  to  the  tender  love  of  their  near  kindred  and  relations. 
but  soljerly,  and  conscientiously  endeavor  to  obtain  their  good  wills;  that 
whether  they  go  or  stay,  it  may  be  of  good  savor  before  the  Lord  and  good 
people." 


CHAPTER  V. 


Sib  Edmund  Amdbos,  I674r«1    Edmi  nd  Cantwell,  1674-70— John-  Collieh,  1676- 
77 — Cnnisi  oiMiii;  BilXOP,  b'>77-81. 

\  WILLIAM  PENN,  as  Trustee,  and  finally  as  part  owner  of  New  Jersey, 
W  became  much  interested  in  the  subject  of  colonization  in  America. 
Mam  of  his  people  had  gone  thither,  and  he  had  given  much  prayerful  study 
ami  meditation  to  the  amelioration  of  their  condition  by  securing  just  laws  for 
their  government.  His  imagination  pictured  the  fortunate  condition  of  a 
State  where  the  law-giver  should  alone  study  the  happiness  of  his  subjects,  and 
his  subjects  should  be  chiefly  intent  on  rendering  implicit  obedience  to 
just  laws.  From  his  experience  in  the  management  of  the  Jerseys,  he  had 
doubtless  discovered  that  if  he  would  carry  out  his  ideas  of  government  suc- 
cessfully, he  must  have  a  province  where  his  voice  would  he  potential  and  his 
will  supreme.  He  accordingly  cast  about  for  the  acquirement  of  sucha  land  in 
the  New  World. 

Penn  had  doubtless  been  stimulated  in   his  desires  by  the  very  roseate  ac- 
counts of  the  beaut]   and  BXOellence  of  the  country,   its  salubrity  of  climate,  its 


42  HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA 

balmy  airs,  the  fertility  of  its  soil,  and  the  abundance  of  the  native  fish,  flesh 
and  fowl  In  1680,  one  Malhon  Stacy  wrote  a  letter  which  was  large  y  circu- 
latedin  England,  inwhichhe  says:  "Itisa  countrythat  produceth  all  things 
for  the  support  and  furtherance  of  man,  in  a  plentiful  manner  1 

have  seen  orchards  laden  with  fruit  to  adm.rat.on-  their  very  limbs  torn  to 
nieces  with  weight,  most  delicious  to  the  taste,  and  lovely  to  behold.  I  have 
een  an  apple  tree  from  a  pippin-kernel,  yield  a  barrel  of  curious  cider;  and 
oeachestn  such  plenty  that  some  people  took  their  carts  a  peach  gathering;  I 
Lid  not  butTmile  attbe  conceit  of  it;  they  are  very  delicious  fruit  and  hang 
almost  like  our  onions,  that  are  tied  on  ropes.  I  have  seen  and  know ,  th  s 
summer,  fortv  bushels  of  bold  wheat  of  one  bushel  sown.  From  May  till 
M  Tae Imas,  great  store  of  very  good  wild  fruits  as  strawberries  cranberries 
and  hurtleberries,  which  are  like  our  billberr.es  in  England,  only  far  sweeter; 
the  cranberries,  much  like  cherries  for  color  and  bigness  which  may  be 
kept  t  11  frnit  comes  again;  an  excellent  sauce  is  made  of  them  for  venison 
tiukevs  and  other  great  fowl,  and  they  are  better  to  make  tarts  of  than  either 
gooscoer'sorchefries;  we  have  them  brought  to  our  houses  by  the  Indians 
fn Treat  plenty.  My  brother  Robert  had  as  many  cherries  this  year  as  would 
have  loaded  several  carts.  As  for  venison  and  fowls,  we  have  great  plenty; 
we  have  brought  home  to  our  countries  by  the  Indians  seven  or  eight  fat  bucks 
£  a  day  Ve  went  into  the  river  to  catch  herrings  after  the  Indian  fashion, 
i  *  *'  We  could  have  filled  a  three-bushel  sack  of  as  good  large  herrings 
as  ever  I  saw.  And  as  to  beef  and  pork,  here  is  great  plenty  of  it  and  good 
sheep  The  common  grass  of  this  country  toeds  beef  very  fat.  Indeed,  the 
couatry,  take  it  as  a  wilderness,  is  a  brave  country 

The  father  of  William  Penn  had  arisen  to  distinction  in  tne  British  Navy. 
He  was  sent  in  Cromwell's  time,  with  a  considerable  sea  and  land  force  to  the 
WesTlndies,   where  he  reduced  the  Island  of  Jamaica  under  English  rule.    At 
tte  restoration,  he  gave  in  his  adhesion  to  the  royal  cause.     Under  James 
Duke  of  York,' Admiral  Penn   commanded  the  English  fleet  which  descended 
upon  the  Dutch  coast,  and  gained  a  great  victory  over   the  combined I  naval 
forces  led  by  Van  Opdam.      For  this  great  service  to  his  country,  Penn  was 
Sted,  and  became  a  favorite  at  court,  the  King  and  his  brothor,  the  Duke, 
holding  h  m   in  cherished  remembrance.      At  his  death,    here  was  due  him 
from?be  crown  the  sum   of  £16,000,  a  portion  of  which  he  himself    had  ad^ 
vanned  for  the  sea  service.     Filled  with  the  romantic  idea  of  colonization   and 
eTamored  with  the  sacred  cause  of  his  people,  the  son,  who  had  come  to  be  , ^ 
earded  with  favor  for  his  great   father's  sake,  petitioned  King  Chailes  II  to 
IranthTm,  in  liquidation   of   this  debt,  "a  tract  of   land  m  America  lying 
norS  of  Maryland,  bounded  east  by  the  Delaware  River    on  *e  wesW^ted 
as  Maryland   and  northward  to  extend  as  far  as  plantable.       Theie  were  con 
nieW  intorests  at  this  time  which  were  being  warily  watched  at  court.     The 
tt   ton  was  submitted  to  the  Privy  Council,  and  afterward  to  the  Lords  of 
the  committee  of  plantations.     The  Duke  of  York  already  held  the  counties  of 
New  C^sUe   Kent  and  Sussex.     Lord  Baltimore  held  a  grant  upon  the  south, 
wtha^  indefint  norrhern  limit,  and  the  agents   of    both  these  territories 
viewed  with  a  jealous  eye  any  new  grant  that  should  in  any  way  trench  upon 
Seh-  riJhte.      These  claims  were  fully  debated  and  heard  by  the  Lords,  and 
bein/a°matter  in  which  the  King  manifested  special  interest,  the  r.ord  Chief 
justice,  North,  and  the  Attorney*  General,  Sir  William  Jones,  were  consulted 
Doth  as  to  the   grant   itself,  and  the   form  or  manner  of  making  it      Finally, 
after  a  careful  Lidv  of  the  whole  subject,  it   was  determined  by  the   toghest 
authority  in    ne  Government  to  grant  to  Penn  a  larger  tract  than  he  had  asked 


HISTORY  OF  IT.SNsYt.V -ASIA.  48 

for  and  the  oharter  was  drawn  with  unexampled  liberality,  in  unequivocal 
terms  of  gift  and  perpetuity  of  holding,  and  with  remarkable  minuteness  of 
detail,  and  that  Penn  should  have  the  advantage  of  any  double  meaning  con 
veyed'inthe  instrument,  the  twenty-third  and  las)  sootion  provides:  "And, 
if  perchance  hereafter  any  doubt  ur  question  should  arise  concerning  the  true 
sense  and  meaning  of  any  word,olauseor  sentence  contained  in  this  our  present 
oharter,  we  will  ordain  and  command  that  at  all  times  and  in  all  things  uofa 
interpretation  be  made  thereof,  and  allowed  in  any  of  our  courts  whatsoever 
as  shall  be  adjudged  most  advantageous  and  favorable  unto  the  said  William 
Penn,  his  heirs  and  assigns." 

It  was  a  joyful  >lav  for  lVnn  when  he  finally  reached  the  consummation  of 
bis  wishes,  and  saw  himself  invested  with  almost  dictatorial  power  over  a 
country  as  large  as  England  itself,  destined  to  become  a  populous  empire. 
But  his  exultation  was  tempered  with  the  most  devout  Christian  spirit,  (earful 
lest  in  the  exercise  of  bis  great  power  he  might  be  led  to  do  something  that 
ahoold  be  displeasing  to  God  To  his  dear  friend,  Robert  Turner,  ho  writes 
in  a  modest  way:  "My  true  love  in  the  Lord  salutes  thee  and  dear  friends 
that  love  the  Lord's  precious  truth  in  those  parts.  Thine  I  have,  and  for  my 
business  here  know  that  after  many  waitings,  watohings,  solicitings  and  dis- 
pute-; in  council,  this  day  my  country  was  confirmed  to  me  under  the  great  seal 
of  England,  with  large  powers  and  privileges,  by  the  name  of  Pennsylvania,  a 
name  the  King  would  give  it  in  honor  of  my  father.  I  chose  New  Wales,  be- 
ing, as  this,  a°prettv  hilly  country;  but  Penn  being  Welsh  for  a  head,  as  Pen- 
manmoire  in  Wales,  and  Penrith  in  Cumberland,  and  Penn  in  Buckingham- 
shire, the  highest  land  in  England, called  this  Pennsylvania,  which  is  the  high 
01  head  woodlands;  tor  1  proposed,  when  the  Secretary,  a  Welshman,  refused 
to  have  it  called  New  Wales,  Sylvania,  and  they  added  Penn  to  it;  and  though 
I  much  opposed  it.  and  went  to  the  King  to  have  it  struck  out  and  altered,  he 
.-aid  it  was  past,  and  w.mld  take  it  upon  him;  nor  could  twenty  guineas  move 
the  Dndnr  Secretary  to  varj  the  name;  for  1  feared  lest  it  should  be  looked  on 
■i-  a  vanity  in  me,  and  not  as  a  respect  in  the  King,  as  it  truly  was  to  my 
father,  whom  he  often  mentions  with  praise.  Thou  mayest  communicate  my 
grant  to  Friends,  and  expect  shortly  my  proposals.  It  is  a  clear  and  just 
Thing,  and  my  God,  that  has  given  it  me  through  many  difficulties,  will,  I  be- 
liev"  hle>>  and  make  it  the  seed  of  a  nation.  I  shall  have  a  tendor  care  to  the 
government,  that  ii  be  well  laid  at  first." 

Penn  had  asked  that  the  western  boundary  should  bo  the  same  as  that  of 

Maryland;   but  the  King  made  the  width    from  east  to  west  live   full  deg B. 

The  charter  limits  wore  "  all  that  tract,  or  part,  of  land,  in  America,  with  the 
islands  therein  contained  as  the  same  is  bounded,  on  the  east  by  Delaware 
River,  from  twelve  miles  distance  northwards  of  Newcastle  town,  unto  the 

and  fortieth  degr f  northern  latitude. 

J'li,-  said  land  to  extend  westward  live  degrees  in  longitude,  to  be  computed 
from  the  said  eastern  bounds;  and  the  said  lands  to  be  bounded  on  the  north 
by  the  beginning  of  the  three  and  fortieth  degree  of  northern  latitude,  and, 
on  the  Bonth,  by  a  circle  drawn  at  twelve  miles  distance  from  New  Castle 
northward  and  westward  unto  the  beginning  of  the  fortieth  degree  of  northern 
latitude;  and  then  by  a.  straight  line  westward  to  the  limits  of  longitude  above 
mentioned." 

It  is  evident  that  tne  royal  secretaries  did  not  well  understand  the  geogra- 
phy of  this  section,  for  by  "reference  to  a  map   it  will  be  seen  that  the  bogin- 
f  the  fortieth  degree,  that  is,  the  end  of  the  thirty  ninth,   cuts   the 
Distric'  of  Columbia,  and  hence  Baltimore,  and  the  greater  part  of  Maryland 


44  HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

and  a  good  slice  of  Virginia  ^.^^™&*  %*ZlS\£. 
the  chartered  limits  of  Pennsylvania.     Bu     fe  ™^f  /      •  Penn  charter 

at  the    beginning  or  a,  the   em   ng   oi  me  found  that  a  contro- 

claimed  three  full  degrees  of  kt  tude   and  *hen  ^.^  ^ 

Versy  J^S^S^  April2,  1681,  in  which 

r^wnvdin*  S^forigS   chartered    limits  fixed  for  Pennsylvania  were 
♦Tvtbftim    and  his  royal  pleasure  declared  that  these  limits   should  be 
quoted  veibatim,  ana  ma  iu.)  a    f    ,  r,lpa«nrp  "     This  was  supposed  to 

Lpected  "  as  they Render  hi. ^^^^5^?^.  dSn,  and'tEe  ques- 
settle  the  matter.     But  Lord  lialtimoie  bu .1 l  y  causin„  much  disquietude 

^Sl^S^^i^  SeTSU  a,A,  and 
™  W^t^Cri^i^S-the  charter  itself  that  the  King,  in  making 
«  Jft   wts  mfiuenced  "by  the  commendable  desire  of  Penn  to  enlarge  our 

kind  providence  and  people."  „     16gl       r     t   anv 

made  to  the  Duke  01   xotk,  ui  =>        ,  p         induced  him  to  obtain  a  deed. 

by  the  Dutch"  the  pruden     oretho^ht ,0    gjj^       ^^  . 

dated  August  31    lbSi,  ot  tne   ig ^  .      8atisfied.     He  was  cut  off 

terms  of  the  royal  ^bTihe^nJrtdn  navfgation  of  one  narrow  stream.     He 
from  the  ocean  except  by  the  unceiiam  ™>0  district  of 

therefore  obtained  from  the  Duke  a  grant  cf  New  CasUe  and  ^ 

twelve  miles  around  it,  dated  on    he  24th  of ^  Augv st lb»  Henlopen, 

day  a  further  grant  from  the  Duk ^  of  a  g££g*»*  £  compl,sing 

embracing  the  two  counties  of  Ken t ,ma '  ««  counties,  which  were 

°f  SngTow  satisfied  with  his  province,  ^^^X^Z^Z 
drew  up°such  a  description  of  the  «%%-%£  j£  ^clamation,  terms  of 
to  give,  which,  together  with  the  r0> a*  c* a™*  a  he  Ppubiished  and  spread 
settlement,  and  other  papers  P8"^ J^S*^  £btles8  to  have  the 
broadcast  through  ^e^ngdom  taking  spec  1"™*^  40  ^  for 
documents  reach  the  Friends.     The  trams     .  saie  ised   wb 


^$r&  (y^t^xt^) 


HISTORY  UK   PENNSYLVANIA.  47 

the  royal  ch«  n  were  made  absolute  on  the  "  payment  therefor  to  us. 

oar  heirs  and  successors,  two  beaver  skins,  to  bo  delivered  at  our  castle  in 
Windsor,  on  the  1st  day  of  January  in  every  year,"  and  contingent  pa 
of  one-fifth  part  of  all  gold  and  silver  which  shall  from  time  to  time  happen 
to  be  found  clear  of  all  charges."  Penn,  therefore,  held  hts  title  only  upon 
the  payment  of  quil  rents.  He  could  consequently  give  a  valid  title  only  by 
the  exacting  of  quit  rents. 

Having  now  a  great  province  of  his  own  to  manage.  Penn  was  obliged  to 
relinquish  his  share  in  West  New  Jersey.  He  had  given  largely  of  his  tii 
energies  to  its  settlement;  he  had  sent  1,400  emigrants,  many  of  them  people 
of  high  character;  had  Been  farms  reclaimed  from  the  forest,  the  town  of 
Burlington  built,  meeting  houses  erected  in  place  of  tents  for  worship,  good 
Government  established,  and  the  Bavage  Indians  turned  to  peaceful  ways, 
With  satisfaction,  therefore,  he  could  now  give  himself  to  reclaiming  and  set- 
tling his  own  province.  He  had  of  course  in  his  published  account:  of  the 
country  made  it  appear  a  desirable  place  for  habitation,     But  lest   any  should 

regrel  having  gone  thither  when  it  was  too  lato.  he  added  to  his  description  a 
caution,  "to  consider  seriously  the  premises,  as  well  the  inconveniency  ae 
future  ease  and  plenty;  thai  BO  none  may  move  rashly  or  from  a  fickle,  hnt  from 
a  solid  mind,  having  above  all  things  an  eye  to  the  providence  of  God  in  the 
disposing  of  themselves."  Nothing  more  surely  points  to  the  goodness  of 
heart  of  William  Penn,  the  great  founder  of  our  State,  than  this  extreme 
solicitude,  lest  he  might  induce  any  to  go  to  the  new  country  who  should  af- 
terward regret  having  gone. 

The  publication  of  the  royal  charter  and  his  description  of  the  country 
attracted  attention,  and  many  purchases  of  land  were  made  of  Penn  before 
leaving  England.  That  these  purchasers  mirjht  have  something  binding  to 
rely  upon,  Penn  drew  up  what  lie  termed  '' conditions  or  concessions  "  1 
himself  as  proprietor  and  purchasers  in  the  province.  These  related  to  the 
settling  the  country,  laying  out  towns,  and  especially  to  the  treatment  of  the 
Indian-,  who  were  to  have  the  same  rights  and  privileges,  and  careful  regard 
as  the  Europeans.  And  what  is  perhaps  a  remarkable  instance  of  provident 
forethought,  the  eighteenth  article  provides  "That,  in  clearing  the  ground, 
care  be  taken  to  leave  one  acre  of  trees  for  every  five  acres  cleared,  especially 
to  preserve  oak  and  mulberries,  for  silk  and  shipping."  It  could  be  desired 
that  such  a  provision  might  have  remained  operative  in  the  State  for  alj 
time. 

Encouraged  by  the  manner  in  which  his  proposals  for  settlement  were 
received,  Penn  now  drew  up  a  frame  of  government,  consisting  of  twenty- 
four  articles  and  forty  laws.  These  were  drawn  in  a  spirit  of  unexampled 
fairness  and  liberality,  introduced  by  an  elaborate  essay  on  the  just  rights  of 
govern  iverned,  and  with  such   conditions  and  concessions   that   it 

should  never  be  in  the  power  of  an  unjust  Governor  to  take  advantage  of  thy 
people  and  practice  injustice.  "  For  the  matter  of  liberty  and  privilege,  I  pur. 
pose  that  which  is  extraordinary,  and  leave  myself  and  successors  no  power  of 
doing  mischief,  that  the  will  of  one  man  may  not  hinder  that  of  a  whole coun- 
his  frame  gave  impress  to  the  character  of  the  early  government.  It  im- 
planted in  the  breasts  of  the  people  a  deep  sense'  of  duty,  of  right,  and  of  obli- 
gation  in  all  public  affairs,  and  the  relations  of  man  with  man,  and  formed  a 
framework  for  the  future  constitution.  Penn  himself  had  fell  the  heavy  hand 
of  government  for  religious  opinions  and  practice'  sake.  He  determined,  (or 
the  matter  of  religion,  to  leave  all  free  to  hold  such  opinions  as  they  might 
elect,  and  hence  enacted  for  his  State   that  all  who  "  hold  themselves  obliged 


4fc  HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

in  conscience,  to  live  peaceably  and  justly  in  civil  society,  shall,  in  do  ways, 
be  molested,  nor  prejudiced,  for  their  religious  persuasion  or  practice  m  mat- 
tersof  faith  and  worship,  nor  shall  they  be  compelled,  at  any  time,  to  fre^ 
quent,  or  maintain,  any  religious  worship,  place,  or  ministry  whatever  At 
this  period,  such  governmental  liberality  in  matters  of  religion  was  almost  un- 
known  though  Roger  Williams  in  the  colony  of  Rhode  Island  had  previously, 
unrllr  similar  circumstances,  and  having  just  escaped  a  like  persecution  pro- 
claimed it,  as  had  likewise  Lord  Baltimore   in   the  Catholic  colony  of  Mary- 

lan  The  mind  of  Penn  was  constantly  exercised  upon  the  affairs  of  his  settlement 
Indeed  to  plant  a  colony  in  a  new  country  had  been  a  thought  of  his  boyhood, 
or  he  says  in  one  of  his  letters:  "I  had  an  opening  of  joy  as  to  these  parts  m 
he  year  1651,  at  Oxford,  twenty  years  since."  Not  being  m  readiness  to  go 
to  his  province  during  the  first  year,  he  dispatched  three  ship  loads  of  eet- 
Ls  and  wit\  tJl  ^nt  his  cousin,  William  Markham  to  take  formal  pos- 
session of  the  country  and  act  as  Deputy  Governor  Markham  sailed  for  New 
YorTand  upon  his  arrival  there  exhibited  his  commission,  bearing  date  March 
6  1681,  and  the  King's  charter  and  proclamation.  In  the  absence  of  Gov.  An^ 
dros  who  on  having  been  called  to  account  for  some  complaint  made  against 
him  had  gone  to  England,  Capt.  Anthony  Brockholls,  Acting  Governor,  re- 
S'ed  Markham's  papers,  and  gave  him  a  letter  addressed  to  the  civil  officers 
on  the  Delaware  informing  them  that  Markham's  authority  as  Governor  had 
Teeue^n£lnLn  official  record  made  of  it  at  New  York  thanking  hem 
for  their  fidelity,  and  requesting  them  to  submit  themselv «r £  *e  new  au thoi- 
ity  Armed  with  this  letter,  which  was  dated  June  21,  1681,  Markham  pro 
ceededtothe  Delaware,  where,  on  exhibiting  his  papers,  he  was  kindly  re- 
ceWed  and  allegiance  was  cheerfully  transferred  to  the  new  government.  In- 
Teed  so  frequently  had  the  power  changed  hands  that  it  had  become  quite  a 
matter  of  habit  to  transfer  obedience  from  one  authority  to  another,  and  they 
had  scarcely  laid  their  heads  to  rest  at  night  but  with  the  consciousness  that 
the  morning  light  might  bring  new  codes  and  new  officers. 

Markham  was  empowered  to  call  a  council  of  nine  citizens  to  assist  torn ^in 
the  government,  and  over  whom  he  was  to  preside.  He  brought  a  lettei  ad- 
SS1  Lord  Baltimore,  touching  the  boundary  between  the  two  grants  and 
exhibiting  the  terms  of  the  charter  for  Pennsylvania.  On  receipt  of  this  let 
?!  Baltimore  came  to  Upland  to  confer  with  Markham.  An  observation 
fixint  the  exact  latitude  of  Upland  showed  that  it  was  twelve  miles  south  of 
Se  forty  first  de^e,  to  which  Baltimore  claimed,  and  that  the  beginning  of 
he  fortfeSaeSe,  which  the  royal  charter  explicitly  fixed  tor  the  southern 
boundary  of  Pennsylvania,  would  include  nearly  the  entire  State  of  Maryland, 
and  cut  the  limits  oi  the  present  site  of  the  city  of  Washington.  "If .this  be 
allowed,"  was  significantly  asked  by  Baltimore  "  where  is  my  P^mce 
He  returned  to  his  colony,  and  from  this  time  forward  an  active  contention 
was  begun  before  the  authorities  in  England  for  possession  of  the  disputed 
territory   which  required  all  the  arts  and  diplomatic  skill  ot  Penn 

Sham  was  accompanied  to  the  province  by  four  Commissioners  sen 
out  by  Penn-William  Crispin,  John  Bezer,  William  Haige  and  Na  haniel 
ll  en  The  first  named  had  been  designated  as  Surveyor  General,  but  he 
having  died  on  the  passage,  Thomas  Holme  was  appointed  to  succeed  him 
These  Commissioners,  in  conjunction  with  the  Governor  had  two  chief  dut^s 
assigned  them.  The  first  was  to  meet  and  preserve  friendly  relations  with  the 
Sans  and  acquire  lands  by  actual  purchase,  and  the  second ■  ™  *  jj^ 
Bite  of  a  great  city  and  make  the  necessary  surveys.      That  they  might  Have  a 


HISTORY  OF  PENN8YL\  \MA.  p.l 

suitable  introduction  to  the  natives  from  him.  IVnn  addressed  to  them  a  dec 
laratioD  of  his  purposes,  conceived  in  a  spirit  of  limt lu-rl y  love,  and  expressed 
in  such  simple  terms  thai  these  children  of  the  forest,  unschooled  in  book 
learning',  would  have  do  difficulty  in  apprehending  his  meaning.  The  refer- 
ring the  sour »f  alljpower  to  the  Creator  was  fitted  to  produce  a  strong  im- 
pression upon  their  naturally  superstitious  habits  of  thought.  "There  is  a 
great  God  and  power,  that  hath  made  the  world,  and  all  thin  —  therein,  to 
whom  you  and  1.  and  all  people  owe  their  being,  and  well  being;  and  to  whom 
you  and  I  must  one  day  give  an  account  for  all  that  we  do  in  the  world.  This 
great  God  bath  written  His  law  in  our  hearts,  by  which  we  are  taught  and  com- 
manded to  love,  and  help,  and  do  good  to  one  another.  Now  this  great  God  hath 
been  pleased  to  make  me  oonoerned  in  your  pari  of  the  world,  and  the  King 
.if  the  country  where  I  live  hath  given  me  a  great  province  therein;  hut  I  de- 
sire to  enjoy  it  with  your  love  and  consent,  that  we  may  always  live  together. 
as  neighbors  and  friends;  else  what  would  the  great  God  do  to  us,  who  hath 
made  as,  not  t<>  devour  and  destroy  one  another,  but  to  live  soberly  and  kindly 
•  igether  in  the  world?  Now  I  would  have  you  well  observe  that  I  am  very 
sensible  of  the  unkindness  and  injustice  thai  have  been  too  much  exercised 
toward  you  by  the  people  of  these  parts  of  the  world,  who  have,  sought  them- 
-elves,  and  to  make  great  advantages  by  you,  rather  than  to  be  examples  of 
goodness  and  patience  unto  you.  which  I  hear  hath  been  a  matter  of  trouble 
to  you,  and  caused  great  grudging  and  animosities,  sometimes  to  the  shedding 
of  blood,  which  hath  made  the  great  God  angry.  But  I  am  not  such  a  man, 
as  is  well  known  in  my  own  country.  I  have  great  love  and  regard  toward 
you,  and  desire  to  gain  your  love  and  friendship  by  a  kind,  just  and  peaceable 
life,  and  the  people  I  send  are  of  the  same  mind,  and  shall  in  all  things  be- 
have themselves  accordingly;  and  if  in  anything  any  shall  offend  you  or 
your  people,  you  shall  have  a  full  and  speedy  satisfaction  for  the  same  by  an 
equal  number  of  just  men  on  both  sides  that  by  no  means  you  may  have  just 
occasion  of  being  offended  against  them.  I  shall  shortly  come  to  you  myself. 
at  which  time  we  may  more  largely  and  freely  confer  and  discourse  of  these 
matters.  In  the  meantime,  I  have  sent  my  Commissioners  to  treat  with  you 
about  land,  and  form  a  league  of  peace.  Let  me  desire  you  to  be  kind  to 
them  and  their  people,  and  receive  these  presents  and  tokens  which  I  haveeent 
you  as  a  testimony  of  my  good  will  to  you,  and  my  resolution  to  live  justly. 
peaceably  and  friendly  with  you.'' 

In  this  plain  but  sublime  statement  is  embraced  the  whole  theory  of  Will 
iam  Penn's  treatment  of  the  Indians.  It  was  the  doctrine  which  the  Savior 
of  mankind  came  upon  earth  to  promulgate — the  estimable  worth  of  every 
human  soul.  And  when  Penn  came  to  propose  his  laws,  one  was  adopted 
which  forbade  private  trade  with  the  natives  in  which  they  might  be  overreached; 
but  itwas  required  that  the  valuable  skins  and  furs  i\\:'y  had  to  sell  should  be 
hung  up  in  the  market  place  where  all  could  see  them  and  enter  into  compe- 
tition for  their  purchase.  Penn  was  offered  £(>,<IOO  for  a  monopoly  of  trade. 
But  he  well  knew  the  injustice  to  which  this  would  subject  the  simple-minded 
natives,  and  he  refused  it  saying:  "As  the  Lord  gave  it  me  over  all  and 
great  opposition,  I  would  not  abuse  His  love,  nor  act  unworthy  of  His  provi- 
and  so  defile  what  came  to  me  clean" — a  sentiment  worthy  to  be  treas 
ured  with  the  best  thoughts  of  the  sages  of  old.  And  to  his  Commissioners  he 
gave  a  letter  of  instructions,  in  which  he  says:  "Be  impartially  just  to  all; 
that  is  both  pleasing  to  the  Lord,  and  wise  in  itself.  Be  tender  of  off 
the  Indians,  and  let  them  know  that  you  come  to  sit  down  lovingly  among 
them.     Let  my  letter  and  conditions  bo  read  in  their  tongue,  that  they"  may  see 


5q  HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

fn  find  a  tract  which  answered  all  the  conditions.  For  seven  weeks  they  kept 
no  their  search  Penn  had  written,  «  be  sure  to  make  your  choice  where  it  is 
np  their  seaicn.      ±  «  withv  that  is,  where  most  ships  may  bestride, 

Lfl  J  P«n  Wtefore  .elected.  „  H,i.  fonnding  ,  o.ty  »  •  project  wh.ch 
h,  had  teng  dreamed  of  ,od  contemplated  with  ne,er.ce».ng  mtereet. 


history  of  PENNSYLVANIA.  51 


CHAPTER  YI. 

William  Makkiiam,  1081-82— William  PBHN,  1682-84. 

HAVING  now  made  necessary  preparations  and  settled  Lin  affairs  in  En- 
gland, Penn  embarked  on  board  the  ship  Weloome,  in  August,  1082,  in 
company  with  about  B  hundred  planters,  mostly  from  his  native  town  of  Sussex, 
and  set  his  prow  for  the  New  World.  Before  leaving  the  Downs,  he  addressed 
a  farewell  letter  to  his  frien.ls  whom  he  left  behind,  and  another  to  his  wife 
and  children,  giving  them  much  excellent  advice,  and  sketching  the  way  of 
iife  he  wished  them  to  lead.  With  remarkable  care  and  minuteness,  he  points 
out  the  way  in  which  he  would  have  his  children  bred,  and  educated,  married, 
and  live.  A  single  passage  from  this  remarkable  document  will  indicate  its 
general  tenor.  "  Be  sun'  to  observe,"  in  educating  his  children,  "  their  genius, 
and  do  not  cross  it  as  to  learning  ;  lei  them  not  dwell  too  long  on  one  thing  ; 
but  let  their  change  be  agreeable,  and  let  all  their  diversions  have  some  little 
bodily  labor  in  thorn.  When  grown  big,  have  most  care  for  them;  for  then 
there  are  more  snares  both  within  and  without.  When  marriageable,  see  that 
they  have  worthy  persons  in  their  eye  ;  of  good  life  and  good  fame  for  piety 
and  understanding.  I  need  no  wealth  but  sufficiency  ;  and  be  sure  their  love 
be  dear,  fervent  and  mutual,  that  it  may  be  happy  for  them."  And  to  his 
children  he  said,  "  Betake  yourselves  to  some  honest,  industrious  course  of 
life,  and  that  not  of  sordid  covetousness,  but  for  example  and  to  avoid  idle- 
ness. *  *  *  .  *  *  Love  not  money  nor  the  world  ;  use  them  only, 
and  they  will  serve  you  ;  but  if  you  love  them  you  serve  them,  which  will 
debase  your  spirits  as  well  as  offend  the  Lord.  *****  Watch 
against  anger,  neither  speak  nor  act  in  it  ;  for,  like  drunkenness,  it  makes  a 
man  a  beast,  and  throws  people  into  desperate  inconveniences."  The  entire 
letters  are  so  full  of  excellent  counsel  that  they  might  with  great  profit  be 
committed  to  memory,  and  treasured  in  the  heart. 

The  voyage  of  nearly  six  weeks  was  prosperous  ;  but  they  had  not  been 
long  on  the  ocean  beforo  that  loathed  disease — the  virulent  small-pox — broke 
out,  of  which  thirty  died,  nearly  a  third  of  the  whole  company.  This,  added 
to  the  nana]  di -comforts  and  terrors  of  the  ocean,  to  most  of  whom  this  was 
probably  their  first  experience,  made  the  voyage  a  dismal  one.  And  here  was 
seen  the  nobility  of  Penn.  "For  his  good  conversation"  says  one  of  them, 
"  was  very  advantageous  to  all  the  company.  His  singular  care  was  manifested 
in  contributing  to  the  necessities  of  many  who  were  sick  with  the  smallpox 
then  on  board." 

His  arrival  upon  the  coast  and  pnssage  up  the  river  was  hailed  with  dem- 
onstrations of  joy  by  all  classes,  English,  Dutch,  Swedes,  and  especially  by  his 
own  devoted  followers.  He  landed  at  New  Castle  on  the  24th  of  October,  1682, 
and  on  the  following  day  summoned  the  people  to  the  court  house,  where  pos- 
session of  the  country  was  formally  made  over  x>  him,  and  he  renewed  the 
commissions  of  the  magistrates,  to  whom  and  to  the  assembled  people  he  an- 
nounced the  design  of  his  coming,  explained  the  nature  and  end  of  truly  good 
government,  assuring  them  that  their  religious  and  civil  rights  should  be  re- 
spected, and  recommended  them  to  live  in  sobriety  and  peace.       He  then  pro- 


52  HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

ceeded  to  Upland,  heneefoward  known  as  Chester,  where,  on  the  4th  of  Novem- 
ber, he  called  aa  assembly  of  the  people,  in  which  an  equal  number  of  votes. 
was  allowed  to  the  province  and  the  territories  Nicholas  Moore,  1  resident  of 
the  Free  Society  of  Traders,  was  chosen  speaker.  As  at  New  Cast  e,  Penn 
addressed  the  assembly,  giving  them  assurances  of  his  beneficent  intentions, 
for  which  they  returned  their  grateful  acknowledgments  the  Swedes  bemg 
especially  demonstrative,  deputing  one  of  their  number,  Lacy  Cock  to  say 
«  That  they  would  love,  serve  and  obey  him  with  all  they  had,  and  that  this 
was  the  best  day  they  ever  saw. "  We  can  well  understand  with  what  satisfac- 
tion the  settlers  upon  the  Delaware  hailed  the  prospect  of  a  stable  government 
established  in  their  own  midst,  after  having  been  so  long  at  the  mercy  of  the 
government  in  New  York,  with  allegience  trembling  between  the  courte  of 
Sweden,  Holland  and  Britain. 

The  proceedings  of  this  first  assembly  were  conducted  with  great  decorum, 
and  after  the  usages  of  the  English  Parliament.  On  the  7th  of  December 
1682,  the  three  lower  counties,  what  is  now  Delaware  which  had  previously 
been  under  the  government  of  the  Duke  of  York,  were  formerly  annexed  to  the 
province  and  became  an  integral  part  of  Pennsylvania.  The  frame  of  govern^ 
ment,  which  had  been  drawn  with  much  deliberation,  was  submitted  to  the 
assembly,  and,  after  some  alterations  and  amendments,  was  adopted,  and  be- 
came the  fundamental  law  of  the  State.  The  assembly  was  in  session  only 
three  days,  but  the  work  they  accomplished,  how  vast  and  far-reaching  m  its 

m   ThTDutch,  Swedes  and  other  foreigners  were  then  naturalized,  and  the 
government  was  launched  in  fair  running  order:     That  some  idea  may  be >  had 
of  its  character,  the  subjects  treated  are  here  given:     1,  Liberty  of  conscience, 
2   Qualification  of  officers;  3,  Swearing  by  God,  Christ  or  Jesus;  4,  Swearing 
by  any  other  thing  or  name;  5,  Profanity;  6   Cursing;    i,  Formcati on;  8   In- 
cest;   9,   Sodomy*  10,   Rape;  11,   Bigamy;     12     Drunkenness;  13     Suffering 
drunkenness;  14,  Healths  drinking;  15,  Selling  hquoi :to  Indians;  fj™?^ 
17   Burglary,  13,  Stolen  goods;  19,  Forcible  entry;  20,  Riots;  21    Assaulting 
parents    22;  Assaulting  Magistrates;  23,  Assaulting  masters;  24,  Assault  and 
battery    25   Duels;  26? Riotous  sports,  as  plays;  27,  Gambling  and  lotteries; 
28    Sedition;    29,   Contempt;  30,    Libel;  31,   Common  scolds;  32    Charities; 
33   Prices  of  beer  and  ale;  34,  Weights  and  measures;  35 ,  Names  °f  days  and 
months-  36    Perjury;  37,  Court  proceedings  in  English;  38,  Civil  and  crmi- 
Tal  tr  alsV39,  Fees? salaries,  bribery  and  extortion;  40,  Moderation  of  fines, 
41   Suits  'avoidable;'    42,  Foreign   arrest;  43,    Contracts:    44,  Charts pflj 
^ants    conveyances,  bills,   bonds  and  deeds,  when  recorded;  45,  Wills,  4b, 
ff  iH    of  non  compos  mentis;  47,  Registry  of  Wills;  48    Registry  for  servants; 
49  Factors;  50,  Defacers,  corrupters  and  embezzlers  of  garters,  conveyances 
and  records;  51,   Lands   and   goods  to  pay  debts;  52,  Bailable  offenses    Dd 
Jails  and  jailers;  54,  Prisons  to  be  workhouses;  55   ^V^TT  Flee' 
Magistrates  may  elect  between  fine  or  imprisonment;    o7    Freemen  ,5b,  flec- 
tions- 59,  No  money  levied  but  in  pursuance  of  law;  60,  Laws  shall  be  printed 
and  taught  in  schools;  61,  All  other  things,  not  provided  for  nerem,  are  re- 
ferred to  the  Governor  and  freemen  from  time  to  time. 

Very  soon  after  his  arrival  in  the  colony,  after  the  precept  had  been  issued, 

but  before  the  convening  of  the  Assembly,  Penn,  that  he  might  not  be  wanting 

iu  respect  to  the  Duke  of  York,  made  a  visit  to  New  York,  where  he  was  kind- 

y  receded,  and  also  after  the  adjournment  of  the  Assembly,  journeyed  to  Maiy- 

and    where  he  was  entertained  by  Lord  Baltimore  with  grea t  ceremony.     1 he 

ettlenTent  of  the  disputed  boundaries  was  made  the  subject  of  formal  confer- 


BISTORT  OF  PENNSYLVANIA  53 

.■iKv  iSut  after  two  days  apenf  in  fruitless  discussion,  tho  weather  becoming 
severeh  oold,  and  thus  precluding  the  possibility  of  taking  observations  or 
r\  surveys,  it  was  agreed  to  adjourn  further  consideration 
of  the  subject  until  the  milder  weather  of  the  spring.  We  may  imagine  thai 
Governors  were  taking  the  measure  of  each  other,  and  of  gaining  all 
possible  knowledge  of  each  other's  claims  and  rights,  preparatory  to  that 
straggle  for  possession  of  this  disputed  fortieth  degree  of  latitude,  which  was 
destined  to  come  before  the  home  government. 

With  all  hi;-  (arcs  in  founding  a  State  and  providing  a  government  over  a 
Dew  people,  Penn  did  not  forget  to  preach  the  ''blessed  Gospel,"  andwherevi  i 
he  went  he  was  intent  upon  his  "Blaster's  business."  On  his  return  from 
Maryland,  Lord  Baltimore  accompanied  him  several  miles  to  the  house  of 
William  Richardson,  and  thence  to  Thomas  Hooker's,  where  was  a  religious 
meeting,  as  was  also  one  held  at  Choptauk.     Penn  himself  says:     "  1  have 

Iso  at  New  York,  Long  Island,  East  Jersey  and  Maryland,  in  which  I 
have  had  good  and  eminent  service  for  the  Lord."  And  again  he  says, 
outward  things,  we  are  satisfied  -  the  land  good,  the  air  clear  and  sweet,  tho 
springs  plentiful  and  provisions  good  and  easy  to  come  at,  an  innumerable 
quantity  of  wild  fowl  and  ti-h;  in  line,  hero  is  what  an  Abraham,  Isaac  and 
Jacob  would  be  well  contented  with,  and  service  enough  for  God:  for  the 
fields  are  here  white  for  the  harvest.  O,  how  sweet  is  the  quiet  of  these  parts, 
freed  from  the  anxious  and  troublesome  solicitations,  hurries  and  perplexities 
of  woeful  Euro]..'!  *  *  *  Blessed  be  the  Lord,  that  of  twenty-three  ships, 
none  miscarried;  only  two  or  three  had  the  small-pox;  else  healthy  and  swift 
passages,  generally  such  as  have  not  been  known;  some  but  twenty-eight  daj  - 
and  few  longer  than  six  weeks.  Blessed  be  God  for  it;  my  soul  fervently 
breathes  that  in  His  heavenly  guiding  wisdom,  we  may  be  kept,  that  we  may 
serve  Him  in  our  day,  and  lav  down  our  heads  in  peace."  And  then,  as  if  re- 
proached for  not  having  mentioned  another  subject  of  thankfulness,  he  adds  in 
■ript.  "Many  women,  in  divers  of  the  ships,  brought  to  bed;  they  and 
their  children  do  well.'' 

Penn  made  it  his  first  care  to  take  formal  possession  of  his  province,  and 
adopt  a  frame  of  government.  When  this  was  done,  his  chief  concern  w.ts 
to  look  to  the  establishment  of  his  proposed  new  city,  the  site  of  which  Lad 
already    been    determined    on    by  his   Commissioners.     Accordingly,  early  in 

iber,  at  a  season  when,  in  this  section,  the  days  are  golden.  Penn  em- 
barked in  an  open  barge  with  a  number  of  his  friends,  and  was  wafted 
leisurely  up  the  Delaware  to  the  present  site  of  the  city  of  Philadel- 
phia, which  the  natives  called  Coaquannock.  Along  the  river  was  a  bold  shore, 
fringed  with  lofty  pines,  which  grew  close  down  to  the  water's  edge,  so  much 
when  the  first  ship  passing  up  with  settler.-,  for  West  Jersey  had  brushed 
against  the  branches,  the  passengers  remarked  that  this  would  be  a  good  place 
for  u  city.  It  was  then  in  a  wild  state,  the  deer  browsing  along  the  shore  and 
sipping  the  stream,  and  the  coneys  burrowing  in  the  banks.  The  scattered 
Bottlers  had  gathered  in  to  see  and  welcome  the  new  Governor,  and  when  he 
stepped  upon  the  shore,  they  extended  a  helping  hand  in  assisting  him  up  the 

I  bluff.  Three  Swedes  had  already  taken  up  tracts  within  the  limit-  <>f 
the  block  of  land  chosen  for  the  city.  But  the  v  were  given  lands  in  exchange, 
and  readily  relinquished  their  claims.  The  location  was  pleasiDg  to  Penn,  and 
was  adopted  without   further  search,  though   little  could  be  seen  of  this  then 

•  ncumbered  country,  where  now  is  the  home  of  counties-  industries,  the 
busy  mart,  the  river  bearing  upon  its  bosom  the  commerce  of  many  climes, 
and  the  abiding  ]  dace  of  nearly  a  million  of  people.     Bui   Penn  did  not  con- 


54  HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

sider  that  he  had  as  yet  any  just  title  to  the  soil  holding  that  the  Indians 
were  its  only  rightful  possessors,  and  until  it  was  fairly  acquired  by  purchase 
from  them,  his  own  title  was  entirely  void. 

Hence/he  sought  an  early  opportunity  to  meet  the  chiefs  of  the  tribes  and 
cultivate  friendly  relations  with  them.  Tradition  faxes  the  first  great  treat; 
or  conference  at  about  this  time,  probably  in  November  and  the  place  under 
the  elm  tree,  known  as  the  "  Treaty  Tree,"  at  Kensington.  It  was  at  a» 
son  when  the  leaves  would  still  be  upon  the  trees,  and  the  assembly  was  called 
beneath  the  ample  shade  of  the  wide-sweeping  branches,  which  was  pleasing 
to  the  Indians,  as  it  was  their  cu.tom  to  hold  all  their  great  deliberations  and 
smoke  the  pipe  of  peace  in  the  open  air.  The  letter  which  Penn  had  sent  had 
prepared  the  minds  of  these  simple-hearted  inhabitants  of  the  forest  to  regard 
him  with  awe  and  reverence,  little  less  than  that  inspired  by  a  descended  god^ 
His  coming  had  for  a  long  time  been  awaited,  and  it  is  probable  that  it  had 
been  heralded  and  talked  over  by  the  wigwam  fare  throughout  the  remotest 
bounds  of  the  tribes.  And  when  at  length  the  day  came,  the  whole  popula- 
tion far  around  had  assembled.  . 

It  is  known  that  three  tribes  at  least  were  represented— the  Lenni  Lenape, 
living  alone  the  Delaware;  the  Shawnees,  a  tribe  that  had  come  up  from  the 
South,  and°were  seated  along  the  Lower  Susquehanna;  and  the  Mingoes, 
spruncr  from  the  Six  Nations,  and  inhabiting  along  the  Conestoga.  Penn  was 
probably  accompanied  by  the  several  officers  of  his  Government  and  his  most 
trusted  friends.  There  were  no  implements  of  warfare,  for  peace  was  a  cardi- 
nal feature  of  the  Quaker  creed 

No  veritable  account  of  this,  the  great  treaty,  is  known  to  have  been  made, 
but  from  the  fact  that  Penn  not  long  after,  in  an  elaborate  treatise  upon  the 
country,  the  inhabitants  and  the  natives,  has  given  the  account  of  the  manner 
in  which  the  Iodians  demean  themselves  in  conference,  we  may  infer  that  he 
had  this  one  in  mind,  and  hence  we  may  adopt  it  as  his  own  description  of  the 


scene. 


"  Their  order  is  thus:  The  King  sits  in  the  middle  of  a  half  moon,  and 
hath  his  council,  the  old  and  wise,  on  each  hand;  behind  them,  or  at  a  little 
distance,  sit  the  younger  fry  in  the  same  figure.  Having  consulted  and  re^ 
solved  their  business,  the  King  ordered  one  of  them  to  speak  to  me  He  stood 
up,  came  to  me,  and,  in  the  name  of  the  King,  saluted  me;  then  took  me  by 
the  hand  and  told  me  he  was  ordered  by  the  King  to  speak  to  me;  and  now  it 
was  not  he,  but  the  King  that  spoke,  because  what  he  would  say  was  the 
King's  mind  *  *  *  *  During  the  time  that  this  person  spoke,  not 
a  man  of  them  was  observed  to  whisper  or  smile;  the  old  grave  the  young 
reverant,  in  their  deportment.    They  speak  little,  but  fervently,  and  with  ele- 

aDIn  response  to  the  salutation  from  the  Indians,  Penn  makes  a  reply  in 
suitable  terms:  "The  Great  Spirit,  who  made  me  and  you,  who  rules  the 
heavens  and  the  earth,  and  who  knows  the  innermost  thoughts  of  men,  knows 
that  I  and  my  friends  have  a  hearty  desire  to  live  in  peace  and  friendship 
with  you,  and  to  serve  you  to  the  uttermost  of  our  power.  It  is  not  our  custom 
to  use  hostile  weapons  against  our  fellow-creatures,  for  which  reason  we  have 
come  unarmed.  Our  object  is  not  to  do  injury,  and  thus  provoke  the  Great 
Spirit,  but  to  do  good.  We  are  met  on  the  broad  pathway  of  good  faith  and 
good  will,  so  that  no  advantage  is  to  be  taken  on  either  side;  but  all  to  be  open- 
ness brotherhood  and  love."  Having  unrolled  his  parchment,  he  explains  „o 
them  through  an  interpreter,  article  by  article,  the  nature  of  the  business,  and 
laying  it  upon  the  ground,  observes  that  the  ground  shall  be  for  the  use  of 


BISTORX   OF  PENNSYLVANIA.  55 

both  people.     "I  will  not  do  as  the  Marylanders  did,  call  yon  ohildren,  ox 

brothers  on  15*;  for  parents  are  apt  to  whip  their  ohildren   I iverely,  and 

brothers  sometimes  will  differ;  neither  will  I  compare  the   friendship  between 

:  chain,  for  the  rain  may  rust  it,  or  a  tree  may  fall  and  break  it;  bnl  I 
will  consider  yon  as  the  same  flesh  and  blood  with  the  Christians,  and  the  same 
as  if  one  man's  body  were  to  be  divided  into  two  parts."  Having  ended  his 
business,  the  speaker  for  the  K i n_^  comes  forward  and  makes  great  promises 
■• .  if  kindness  and  good  neighborhood,  and  that  the  Indians  and  English  must 
live  in  [ove  as  long  as  the  sun  gave  light."  This  ended,  another  Indian  makes 
rn  people,  first  to  explain  to  them  what  had  been  agreed  on, 
and  then  to  exhort  them  "to  love  the  Christians,  and  particularly  live  in  peace 
with  me  and  the  people  under  my  government,  that  many  Governors  had  been 
in  the  river,  but  that  no  Governor  had  come  himself  to  live  and  stay  bore,  be- 
fore, nnd  having  now  such  an  one,  that  had  treated  them  well,  they  should  never 
do  him  nor  his  any  wrong."  At  every  sentence  they  shouted,  as  much  as  to 
linen. 
The  Indians  had  no  system  of  writing  by  which  they  could  record  their 
dealings,  but  their  memory  of  events  and  agreements  was  almost  miraculous. 
Heohewelder  records  that  in  after  years,  they  were  accustomed,  by  means  0 
strings,  or  belts  of  wampum,  to  preserve  the  recollection  of  their  pleasant  in 
terviews  with  Penn,  after  he  had  departed  for  England.  He  says.  "  They  fro 
qnently  assembled  together  in  the  woods,  in  some  shady  spot,  as  nearly  as  pos 
slide  similar  to  those  where  they  used  to  meet  their  brother  Miquon  (Penn),  and 
there  lay  all  his  words  and  speeches,  with  those  of  his  descendants,  on  a 
blanket,  or  clean  piece  of  bark,  and  with  great  satisfaction  go  successively 
over  the  whole.  This  practice,  which  I  have  repeatedly  witnessed,  continued 
until  the  year  178".  when  disturbances  which  took  place  put  an  end  to  it, 

bly  forever." 
The  memory  of  this,  the  "Great  Treaty,"  was  long  preserved  by  the  na- 
tives, and  the  novel  spectacle  was  reproduced  upon  canvas  by  the  genius  of 
Benjamin  West.  In  this  picture,  Penn  is  represented  as  a  corpulent  old  man, 
whereas  he  was  at  this  time  but  thirty-eight  years  of  age,  and  in  the  very 
of  manly  activity.  The  Treaty  Tree  was  preserved  and  guarded  from 
injury  with  an  almost  superstitious  care.  During  the  Revolution,  when  Phila- 
delphia was  occupied  by  the  British, and  their  parties  were  scouring  the  conn- 
try  for  firewood.  Gen.  Simcoe  had  a  sentinel  placed  at  this  tree  to  protect  it 
from  mutilation.  It  stood  until  1810,  when  it  was  blown  down,  and  it  was 
ascertained  by  its  annual  concentric  accretions  to  be  'Js'!  years  old,  and  was, 

[uently,  155  at  the  time  of  making  the  treaty.    The  Penn  Society  erected 

-tantial  monument  on  the  spot  where  it   sti 
Penn    drew  up   his   deeds  for    lands  in  legal  form,  and  had  them  duly  exe 
if  record,  that,  in  the  dispute  possible  to  arise  in  aftei 

might  be  proof  definite  and  positive  of  the  purchase.  Of  these  purchases 
there  are  two  deeds  on  record  executed  in  1683.  One  is  for  land  near  Neslia 
miny  Creek,  and  thence  to  Penypack,  and  the  other  for  lands  lying  between 
Schuylkill  and  Chester  Rivers,  the  first  bearing  the  signature  of  the  great 
chieftain.  Taminend.  In  one  of  these  purchase-,  it  is  provided  thai  the  tract 
•shall  extend  back  as  far  as  a  man  could  walk  in  three  days."  Tradition 
runs  that  Penn  himself,  with  a  number  of  his  friends,  walked  out  the  half  this 
purchase  with  the  Indians,  that  no  advantage  should  be  taken  of  them  by  mak- 
ing a  great  walk,  and  to  show  his  consideration  for  them,  and  that  he  was  not 

the  toils  and  fatigues  of  such  a  duty."     They  began  to  walk  out    this 
land  at  the  mouth  of  the  Neshaminy,  and  walked  up  the  Delaware;  in  one  day 


56  HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

and  a  half  they  got  to  a  spruce  tree  near  the  mouth  of  Baker's  Creek,  when 
Pennconcludiul  that  this  would  include  as  much  land  as  he  would  want  a 
present  a  line  w°as  run  and  marked  from  the  spruce  tree ,  to  Neshammv,  and 
tPhe  remainder  left  to  be  walked  when  it  should  be  wanted  They  proceed^ 
ed  after  the  Indian  manner,  walking  leisurely,  f^0™*0™'™ »  * 
smoke  their  pipes,  eat  biscuit  and  cheese,  and  drink  a  bottle  of  wine.  In  the 
day  and  a  half  they  walked  a  little  less  than  thirty  miles.  The  balance  of  the 
purchase  was  not  walked  until  September  20,  17b3,  when  the  then  Governor  of 
prnnsylvania  offered  a  prize  of  500  acres  of  land  and  £o  for  the  man  who 
would  walk  the  farthest.  A  distance  of  eighty-six  miles  was  covered,  in 
marked  contrast  with  the  kind  consideration  of  Penn 

During  the  first  year,  the  country  upon  tne  Delaware,  from  the  falls  of 
Trenton  as  far  as  Chester,  a  distance  of  nearly  sixty  miles,  was  rapidly  taken  up 
and  peopled.  The  large  proportion  of  these  were  Quakers,  and  devotedly  attached 
o  their  ilio-ion  audits  proper  observances.  They  were,  hence,morally  of  the 
best classeXnd  though  they  were  not  generally  of  the  aristocracy,  yet  many 
of  them  were  in  comfortable  circumstances,  had  valuable  properties,  were  of 
respectable  families,  educated,  and  had  the  resources  within  themselves  to  live 
contented  and  happy.  They  were  provident,  industrious,  and  had  come  hither 
w"i  no IcMe  puSoL.  Many  brought  servants  with  them  and  well  supplied 
wardrobes,  and  all  necessary  articles  which  they  w.sely  judged  would  be  got 

in  a  new  country  with  difficulty.  

Their  religious  principles  were  so  peaceful  and  generous,  and  the  govern- 
ment  rested  so  lightly,  that  the  fame  of  the  colony  and  the  desirableness  of 
Tttlement  therein V-d  rapidly,  and  the  »^.<^™^E3& 
alleled  in  the  history  of  colonization,  especially  when  we  cons  der  that  abroad 
o  ean  was  to  be  crossed  and  a  voyage  of  several  weeks  was  to  be- JJ^jjlJ* 
a  brief  period,  ships  with  passengers  came  from  London,  Bristol  Ireland, 
Wales  Cheshire,  Lancashire,  Holland,  Germany,  to  the  number  of  about  fafty. 
It'  others  came  a  company  of  German  Quakers,  from  Krisheim,  near 
ttos,  in  the  Palatinate.  These  people  regarded  their  lot  as  partly 
fortunate  in  which  they  recognized  the  direct  interposition  and  hand  of  Provi- 
dence For  not  long  afterward,  the  Palatinate  was  laid  waste  by  the  French 
army  and  mauy  of  their  kindred  whom  they  had  left  behind  were  despoiled  of 
thelr'posseSions  and  reduced  to  penury.  There  came  also  from  Wales  a  com- 
pany of  the  stock  of  aucient  Britons.  ...      ,    , 

So  lar^e  an  influx  of  population,  coming  in  many  cases  without  due  pro- 
vision tvarfety  of  dietfcaused  a  scarcity  in  many  kinds  of  food,  especially 
of  meats  Time  was  required  to  bring  forward  flocks  and  herds,  more  than 
forToducin^rains.  But  Providence  seemed  to  have  graciously  considered 
hei  necessHiel  and  have  miraculously  provided  for  them,  as  of  o  d  was  pro 
vSnmaTe  for  'the  chosen  people.  For  it  is  recorded  that  the  <<  wild  pigeons 
came  in  such  great  numbers  that  the  sky  was  sometimes  darkened  by  then 
St  and  flying  low,  they  were  frequently  knocked  down  as  they  flew  in 
5£t  auStS  by  those  who  had  no  other  means  to  take  them  whereby  they 
SlS  themselvel  and,  having  salted  those  which-  they  could  not  immed, 
nriilv  use  they  preserved  them,  both  for  bread  and  meat.  The  Indians  were 
kind,  and  X?  furnished  them  with   game,  for  which  they  would  receive  no 

C°mKiratnr"t  care  on  landing  was  to  bring  their  household  goods  to  a  place 
of  safety,  often  to  the  simple  protection  of  a  tree.  For  some,  his  was  th«r 
only  shelter,  lumber  being  scarce,  and  in  many  places  impossible  to  obtain. 


HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA.  57 

Some  made  for  themselves  caves  in  the  earth  until  better  habitatiotiH  could  be 

John  Key,  who  was  said  to  have  been  the  first  child  bom  of  English  par. 
ante  in  Philadelphia,  and  thai  in  recognition  of  which  William  Penn  gave 
him  a  lot  of  ground,  died  at  Rennet,  in  Cheater  County,  on  July  5,  1708, 
in  the  eighty-fifth  year  of  Mb  age.  He  was  born  in  one  of  these  caves  upon 
the  river  bank,  long  afterward  known  by  the  name  of  Penny-pot,  near  Sassa- 
Lbout  six  years  before  hie  death,  he  walked  from  Kennet  to  the 
city,  about  thirtj  miles,  in  one  day.  In  tho  latter  part  of  his  life  he  went 
under  the  name  of  .fc'irst  Born. 

The  contrasts  between  the  comforts  and  conveniences  of  an  old  settled 
country  and  this,  where  the  heavy  forests  must  bo  cleared  away  and  severe  la- 
,-t  be  endured  before  the  sun  could  bo  let  in  sufficiently  to  produce 
anything,  must  have  been  very  marked,  and  caused  repining.  But  they  had 
generally  come  with  meek  and  humble  hearts,  and  they  willingly  endured 
hardship  and  privation,  and  labored  on  earnestly  for  the  spiritual  comfort 
which  thov  fiiji>,-ed.  Thomas  Makin,  in  some  Latin  verses  upon  tho  early  set- 
tles .lit.  Bays  (we  quote  the  metrical  translation): 

"Its  fame  to  distant  countries  far  lias  spread, 
ome  for  peace,  and  some  for  profit  led; 
Born  in  remotest  climes,  to  settle  here 
Tii'-v  leave  their  native  soil  and  all  that's  dear, 

itill  will  Bock  from  far.  lure  tn  be  free, 
Such  powerful  charms  baa  lovely  liberty." 

But  for  their  many  privations  and  sufferings  there  were  some  compensat- 
ing conditions.  The  soil  was  fertile,  the  air  mostly  clear  and  healthy,  the 
streams  of  water  wore  good  and  plentiful,  wood  for  lire  and  building  unlimit- 
ed, and  at  certain  Beasons  of  the  year  game  in  the  forest  was  abundant.  Rich- 
ard Townsond.  a  settler  at  Gtermantown,  who  came  over  in  the  ship  with  Penn, 
in  writing  to  his  friends  in  England  of  his  first  year  in  America,  says :"  I, 
with  Joshua  Tittery,  made  a  net,  and  oaughi  great  quantities  of  fish,  so  that, 
notwithstanding  it  was  thought  near  three  thousand  persons  came  in  the  first 
year,  we  wen-  so  providentially  provided  for  that  we  could  buy  a  deer  for 
about  two  shillings,  and  a  huge  turkey  for  aboutone  shilling,  and  Indian  corn 
for  about  two  shillings  sixpence  a  bushel." 

In  the  aame  letter,  the  writer  mentions  that  a  young  deer  came  out  of  the 
forest  into  the  meadow  where  he  was  mowing,  and  looked  at  him,  and  when 
he  went  toward  it  would  retreat;  and,  as  he  resumed  his  mowing,  would  come 
back  to  gaze  upon  him,  and  finally  ran  forcibly  against  a  tree,  which  so 
stunned  it  that  he  was  able  to  overmaster  it  and  bear  it  away  to  his  home,  and 
was  at  a  time  when  he  was  suffering  for  the  lack  of  meat,  he  believed 
it  a  direct  interposition  of  Providence. 

In  the  Bpring  of  1683,  there  was  great  activity  throughout  the  colony,  and 
especially  in  the  new  city,  in  selecting  lands  and  erecting  dwellings,  tin  Sur- 
veyor  General,  Thomas  Holme,  laying  out  and  marking  the  streets.  In  the 
center  of  the  city  was  a  public  square  of  ten  acres,  and  in  each  of  the  tour 
quarters  one  of  eight  acres.  A  large  mansion,  which  had  been  undertaken  be- 
-  arrival,  was  built  for  Penn,  at  B  point  twenty-six  miles  np  the  river, 
called  Pennabury  Manor,  where  he  sometimes  resided,  and  where  he  often  met 
the  Indian  aachems.  At  this  time,  Penn  divided  the  colony  into  counties, 
three  for  the  province  (Bucks,  Philadelphia  and  Chester)  and  three  for  the 
Territories  (New  Castle,  Cent  and  Sussex).  Having  appointed  Sheriffs  and 
other  proper  officers,  he  issued  writs  for  the  election  of  members  of  a  General 


£8  HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

Assembly,  three  from  each  county  for  the  Council  or  Upper  House,  and  nine 
from  each  county  for  the  Assembly  or  Lower  House. 

This  Assembly  convened  and  organized  for  business  on  the  10th  of  Jan- 
uary, 1683,  at  Philadelphia.  One  of  the  first  subjects  considered  was  the 
revising  some  provisions  of  the  frame  of  government  which  was  effected,  re- 
ducin/the  number  of  members  of  both  Houses,  the  Council  to ,16 the  As- 
sembly  to  36,  and  otherwise  amending  in  unimportant  particulars.  In 
an  assembly  thus  convened,  and  where  few,  if  any,  had  had  any  experience  in 
s^vtoTin  a  deliberative  body,  we  may  reasonably  suppose  that  many  crude 
and  impracticable  propositions  would  be  presented.  As  an  example  of  these 
the  following  maybe  cited  as  specimens:  That  young  men  should  be  obliged 
to  mWVor  before,  a  certain  age;  that  two  sorts  of  clothes  only  shall  be 
worn! "ne  for  winter  and  the  other  for  summer.     The  session  lasted  twenty  two 

^The  first  grand  jury  in  Pennsylvania  was  summoned  for  the  2d  of  Feb- 
ruary 1683,  to  inquire  into  the  cases  of  some  persons  accused  of  issuing 
counterfeit  money.  The  Governor  and  Council  sat  as  a  court.  One  Picker - 
Twas  convicted,  and  the  sentence  was  significant  of  the  kind  and  patriarchal 
nature  of  the  government,  "that  he  should  make  full  satisfaction,  in  good 
and  current  pay,  to  every  person  who  should,  within  the  space  of  one  month, 
oringTn  any  of  this  false,  base  and  counterfeit  coin,  and  that  the  money 
b  ou-ht  in  should  be  melted  down  before  it  was  returned  to  him  and  that  he 
should  pay  a  fine  of  forty  pounds  toward  the  building  a  court  house,  stand 
committed  till  the  same  was  paid,  and   afterward  find  security  for  his  good 

behTheAssembly  and  courts  having  now  adjourned,  Perm  gave  his  attention 
to  the  grading  and  improving  the  streets  of  the  new  city,  and  the  managing 
he  affairs  of  lis  land  Office,  Suddenly  grown  to  great  importance  *«™7 
section  of  land  taken  up  in  the  wilderness,  the  purchaser  was  entitled  to  a 
certain  plot  in  the  new  city.  The  River  Delaware  at  this  time  was  nearly  a 
mile  broad  opposite  the  city,  and  navigable  for  ships  of  the  largest  tonnage 
The  tide  risesP  about  six  feet  at  this  point,  and  flows  back  f  the  falls  of 
Trenton  a  distance  of  thirty  miles.  The  tide  in  the  Schuylkill  flows  only 
IZ  five l^miles  abov^  its  confluence  with  the  Delaware.  The  river  bank  along 
the  Delaware  was  intended  by  Penn  as  a  common  or  public  resort.  But  in 
his  time  the  owners  of  lots  above  Front  street  pressed  him  to  allow  them  to 
consteuct Warehouses  upon  it,  opposite  their  properties,  which  importaj^  m- 
duced  him  to  make  the  following  declaration  concerning  it:  The  bank  is  a 
top  common  from  end  to  end;  the  rest  next  the  water  belongs  to  front-lot 
mePn  noTore'  than  back-lot  men.  The  way  bounds  them;  they  may budd  s  airs 
and  the  top  of  the  bank  a  common  exchange,  or  wall,  and  against  the  street 
—  wharfs  maybe  bnilt  freely;  but  into  the water  .and  the .  or  s 
purchaser's."  But  in  future  time,  this  liberal  desire  of  the  founder  was  riis 
regarded,  and  the  bank  has  been  covered  with_immense  warehouses. 

-  .iT^Tamatterof  curiosity  to  know  the  *>^»%Zg£$£*££.r***r  '^  *** 

lature  in  Pennsylvania,  ami  they  are  »»*'*»*;  u  V/    „   ,  "      aov    -k   William  Haige,  John  Moll. 

^S^^^^^iT^^^^^^^  ^Villi/m  Biles' James  Harris0D' Wllham 

•on;    from  Chester,  John   ""^ins    lU.hert  \\  ade,  .  .e  r^e  \\  oml    Jul  n ^1  Valentine  Holl- 

Bracy,  John  Bezev,  John  Hardin,-,  Joseph  Phipps  ■   fnmi New  < as    f  ;H'   R    "^         Alrkh,  Henrick  Williams; 
iDgsworthJiasparns  Herman   John  IVhoael,  . lames    \    II 1  .ii»,W  I H. n  w.lli.mi    .Yindsmore,  John 

from  Ken. ■   John  Bi«s.  Simu.Mrnns,  Thomas  Ilatt, ,,     John  '"'^     '^^     ,    er  Draper,  William  Futcher, 
Brinkloe,  Daniel    Brown     Henony  Bishop;    Iro m  Sussez, Luke  WateOg  (  ornelius  Yerhoof. 

Henry  Bowman,  Alexander  Moleston,  John  Hill,  KoDeit  cracy,  jouu  mi» 


IIISTokv  OF  PBNN81  l.\  \M  \  59 

Seeing  now  his  plana  of  government  and  settlement  fairly  in  operation,  as 
nutuinu  approached,  Penn  wrote  a  letter  to  the  Free  Society  of  Traders  in 
i  ;    which  had  been  formed  to  promote  Battlement  in  his  colony,  in  wind, 

hetoaohed  apon  b  great  variety  of  topics  regarding  hie  enterprise,  extendingto 
quite  a  complete  treatise,  The  great  interest  attaching  u>  the  Bubjeota  dis- 
and  the  ability  with  which  it  was  drawn,  makes  it  desirable  to  insert 
the  document  entire;  but  its  great  length  makes  its  use  incompatible  with  the 
plan  of  this  work.  A  few  extracts  and  a  general  plan  of  the  letter  is  all  that 
can  be  given.  He  first  notices  the  injurious  reports  put  in  circulation  in  En- 
gland during  his  absence  "  Some  persons  have  had  so  little  wit  and  so  much 
malice  as  to  report  my  death,  and,  to  mend  the  matter,  dead  a  Jesuit,  too. 
One  might  have  reasonably  hoped  that  thie  distance,  like  death,  would  have 
been  a  protection  against  spite  and  envy.  "  *  *  However,  to  the  great  sorrow 
and  sham.'  of  the  inventor-.  1  am  still  alive  and  no  Jesuit,  and.  I  thank  God, 
ver\  well."     Of  the  air  and  waters  he.  says:     "  The  air  is  sweet  and  clear,  the 

heavens  serene,  like  the  south  parts  of  France,  rarely  overcast.  The  waters 
are  generally  good,  for  the  rivers  and  brooks  have  mostly  gravel  and  stony  bot- 
tom" and  in  number  hardly  credible.  We  also  have  mineral  waters  that 
operate  in  the  same  manner  with  Barnet  and  North  Hall,  not  two  miles  from 
Philadelphia."  He  then  treats  at  length  of  the  f our  seasons,  of  trees,  fruits. 
grapes,  peaches, grains, garden  produce:  of  animals. beasts,  birds,  fish,  whale  fish 
ery.  horses  and  cattle,  medicinal  plants,  flowers  of  the  wood-:  of  the  Indians 
and  their  persons.  Of  their  language  he  says:  "It  is  lofty,  yet  narrow;  but, 
like  the  Hebrew,  in  signification,  full,  imperfect  in  their  tenses,  wanting  in  their 
moods,  participles,  adverbs,  conjunctions,  interjections.  I  have  made  it  my  busi 
ness  to  understand  it.audlmusteaythatlknownot  a  language  spoken  in  Europe 
that  hath  words  of  more  Bweetnees  or  greatness  in  accent  and  emphasis  than 
then-."  of  their  customs  and  their  children:  "The  children  will  go  very  young, 
at  ninemonths.commoiily;  if  boys,  they  go  a  fishing,  till  ripe  for  the  woods,  which 
is  about  fifteen;  then  they  hunt,  and,  after  having  given  some  proofs  of  their 
manhood  by  a  good  return  of  skins,  they  may  marry,  else  it  is  a  shame  to  think 
Of  B  wife.  "The  girls  stay  with  their  mother  and  help  to  hoe  the  ground,  plant 
corn  and  carry  burdens.  '  When  the  young  women  are  lit  for  marriage,  thej 
mething  upon  their  heads  as  an  advertisment ;  but  so,  as  their  faces  hardly 
to  be  seen,  but  when  they  please.  The  age  they  marry  at,  if  women,  is  about 
thirteen  and  fourteen;  if  men,  seventeen  and  eighteen;  they  are  randy  elder." 
In  a  romantic  vein  he  -peaks  of  their  houses,  diet,  hospitality,  revengefulneSB 
ami  concealment  of  resentment,  great  liberality,  free  manner  of  life  and 
customs,  late  love  of  strong  liquor,  bebavior  in  sickness  and  death,  their  re 
ligion.  their  feastings,  their  government,  their  mode  of  doing  business,  their 
manner  of  administering  justice,  of  agreement  forsettling  difficulties  entered  into 
with  the  pen, their  susceptibility  to  improvement,  of  the  origin  of  the  Indian  race 
their  resemblance  to  the  Jews."  Of  the  Dutch  and  Swedes  whom  he  found  set 
tied  here  when  he  came,  he  says:  "  The  Dutch  applied  themselves  to  traffick, 
the  Swedea  and  Finns  to  husbandry.  The  Dutch  mostly  inhabit  those  part- 
that  lie  upon  the  bay.  and  the  Swedes  the  freshes  of  the  Delaware.  They  are 
a  plain,  strong,  industrious  people;  yet  have  made  no  great  progress  in  culture 
or  propagation  of  fruit  trees.  They  are  a  people  proper,  and  strong  of  body 
BO  they  have  fine  children,  and  almost  every  house  full;  rare  to  find  one  of  them 
without  three  or  four  boys  and  as  many  girls — some,  six,  seven  and  ei^htsons. 
ami  I  must  do  themthatri^ht.  I  see  few  young  men  more  sober  and  laborious." 
After  BpeaUng  at  length  of  the  organization  of  the  colony  and  its  manner  of 
government,  he  concludes  with  his  own  opinion  of  the  country:     "I  say  little 


gO  HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

of  the  town  itself;  but  this  I  will  say,  for  the  good  providence  of  God,  that 
of  all  the  many  places  I  have  seen  in  the  world,  I  remember  not  one  better 
seated,  so  that  it  seems  to  me  to  have  been  appointed  for  a  town  whether  we 
regard  the  rivers  or  the  conveniens  of  the  coves,  docks  springs,  the  loftiness 
and  soundness  of  the  land  and  the  air,  held  by  the  people  of  these  parts  to  be 
very  good.  It  is  advanced  within  less  than  a  year  to  about  fourscore  bouses 
and  cottages,  where  merchants  and  handicrafts  are  following  then:  vocations 
as  fast  as  they  can,  while  the  countrymen  are  close  at  their  farms  _  1 

bless  God  I  am  fully  satisfied  with  the  country  and  entertainment  I  got  m  it, 
for  I  find  that  particular  content,  which  hath  always  attended  me,  where  God  in 
His  providence  hath  made  it  my  place  and  service  to  reside. 

As  we  have  seen,  the  visit  of  Penn  to  Lord  Baltimore  soon  after  his  arrival 
inAmerica,  for  the  purpose  of  settling  the  boundaries  of  the  two  provinces   after 
a  two  days;  conference   proved  fruitless,  and  an  adjournment  was  had  for    he 
winter,  when  the  efforts  for  settlement  were  to  be   resumed.     Early    in  the 
Spring  an  attempt  was  made  on  the  part  of  Peon,  but  was  prevented  til    May 
when"  meeting  was  held  at  New  Castle.     Penn  proposed  to  confer  by  the  aid 
of    counselors  and  in  writing.    But  to  this  Baltimore  objecte d a»d;  compla i^ 
in-  of  the  sultryness  of  the  weather,  the  conference  was   broken   up.     In  the 
meantime,  it  had  come  to  the  knowledge  of  Penn  that  Lord  Baltimore  had 
ssueda  proclamation  offering  settlers  more  land,  and   at  cheaper  rates  than 
Penn  had  done,  in  portions  Sf  the  lower  counties  which  Penn   had  secured 
from  the  Duke  of  York,  but  which  Baltimore  now  c  aimed.     Besides,  it  was 
ascertained  that  an  agent  of  his  had  taken  an  observation,  and  determined  the 
Side  without  the  knowledge  of  Penn,  and  had  secretly  made   an   ex  parte 
statement  of  the  case  before  the  Lords  of  the  Committeeof  Plantations  in  En^ 
glaXand  ™s  pressing  for  arbitrament.      This  state  o    the  case  created  much 
uneas  ness  in  the  mind  of  Penn,  especially  as  the  proclamation  of  Lord  Balti- 
more  was  likelv  to  bring  the  two  governments  into  conflict  on  territory  mutu- 
X  Jaime [But  Lord  Baltimore  was  not  disposed  to  be  content  with  diplo- 
ma'cy      He  determined  to  pursue  an  aggressive  policy.     He  accordingly  com- 
missioned  his  a-ent,  Col.  George  Talbot,  under  date  of  September    .7,   1683 
To  goto  Schuylkill,  at  Delaware,  and  demand  of  William  Penn  »  all  that  part 
of  gthe  land  on  the  west  side  of  the  said  river  that  lyeth  to  the  southward  of 
the  fortieth  degree."    This  bold  demand  would  have  embraced  the  entire  colony 
both  the  lower°counties,  and  the  three  counties  in  the  province,  as  the  fortieth 
decree  reaches  a  considerable  distance  above  Philadelphia.     Penn  was  absent 
at  the  time  in  New  York,  and  Talbot  made  his  demand  upon  Nicholas  Moo  e 
the  deputy  of  Penn.     Upon  his  return,  the  proprietor  made  a  dignified  but 
Srnest  rSoinder.     While  he  felt  that  the  demand  could  not  be  justly  sus- 
tained   yet  the  fact  that  a  controversy  for  the  settlement  of  the  boundary  was 
Sely  to  arise!  gave  him  disquietude,  and  though  he  was  gratified  with  the 

relations  with  them,  the  laying  out  of  his  new  city  and  settling  it,  the  adop- 
Iten  of  altable  government  and  putting  it  in  successful  operation  and,  more 
Sn  all  the  drawing  thither  the  large  number  of  settlers,  chiefly  of  his  own 
rSions  faith  and  seeing  them  contented  and  happy  m  the  new  State,  he 
PS  oresaw  that  his  skill  and  tact  would  be  taxed  to  the  utmost  to defend 
and  hold  his  claim  before  the  English  court.  If  the  demand  of  Loid  Balti- 
more il  to  prevail,  all  that  he  had  done  would  be  lost,  as  his  ent,re  colony 
would  be  swallowed  up  by  Maryland.  „0     ,  ,.-.,„  was 

The  anxiety  of  Penn  to  hold  from  the  beginning  of  the  40    of  latitude  was 
nottoincreaeseytherebyhis  territory  by  so  much,  for  two  degrees  wh.ch  he 


0R1   OF  PENN81  l.\  ama  61 

securely  had,  so  far  as  amount  of  Land  was  <T>ncerz>ed,  would  have  entirely 
satisfied  him;  but  he  wanted  this  degree  chiefly  thai  he  might  have  the  tree 
navigation  of  Delaware  Baj  and  River,  and  thus  open  communication  with  the 
ocean.  !'<•  desired  also  to  hold  the  lower  counties,  which  were  now  well 
I,  as  well  as  his  own  counties  rapidlj  being  peopled,  and  his  new  oitj  of 
Philadelphia,  which  he  regarded  as  the  apple  of  his  eye.  So  anxious  was  he 
to  hold  the  land  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Delaware  to  the  open  ocean,  that  at 
lond  meeting,  he  asked  Lord  Baltimore  to  set  a  price  per  Bquare  mile  on 
this  disputed  ground,  and  though  he  had  purchased  it  once  of  the  crown  and 
held  the  King's  charter  for  it,  and  the  Duke  <>f  York's  deed,  yet  rather  than 
have  any  further  wrangle  over  it,  he  was  willing  to  pay  for  it  again,  lint  this 
Lord  Baltimore  refused  b 

Bent  upon  bringing  matters  to  a  crisis,  and  to  force  possession  of  his 
claim,  early  in  the  year  1 1  •  ^  t  a  party  from  Maryland  made  forcible  entry 
upon  the  plantations  in  the  lower  counties  and  drove  off  the  owners.  The 
Governor  and  Council  at  Philadelphia  sent  thither  a  copy  of  the  answer  of 
I'enn  to  Baltimore's  demand  Cor  the  hind  south  of  the  Delaware,  with  orders 
to  William  Welch,  Sheriff  at  New  Oastle,  to  use  his  influence  to  reinstate  the 
lawful  owners,  and  issued  a  declaration  succinctly  stating  the  claim  of  Penn, 
for  the  purpose  of  preventing  such  unlawful  incursions  iD  future. 

The  season  opened  favorably  for  the  continued  prosperity  of  the  young 
colony.  Agriculture  was  being  prosecuted  as  never  before.  Goodly  flocks 
and  herds  gladdened  the  eyes  of  the  settlers.  An  intelligent,  moral  and  in- 
dustrious yeomanry  was  springing  into  existence.  Emigrants  were  pouring 
into  the  Delaware  from  many  lands.  The  Government  was  becoming  settled 
in  its  operations  and  popular  with  the  people.  The  proprietor  had  leisure  to 
attend  to  the  interests  of  his  religious  society,  not  only  in  his  own  dominions, 
but  in  the  Jerseys  and  in  New  York. 


CHAPTER    VII. 


Thomas  Lloyd.  1684-86— Fivf.  (ommissionkks.  it;s0-88— John  Black'vell,  1688 
-90— Thomas  Llotd,  1690-91— William  M  akkiiam.  1691-93— Benjamin 
I'm  n  iir.u.  1698-95—  William  Makkha.m.  1693  99. 

BIT  the  indications,  constantly  thickening,  that  a  struggle  was  likely  soon 
to  he  precipitated  before  the  crown  for  possession  of  the  disputed  terri- 
tory, decided  Penn  early  in  the  summer  to  quit  the  colony  and  return  to  En- 
gland to  defend  his  in  periled  interests.  There  is  no  doubt  that  he  took  this 
step  with  unfeigned  regret,  as  he  was  contented  and  happy  in  his  now  country, 
and  was  moat  usefully  employed.  There  were,  however,  other  inducements 
which  were  loading  hira  back  to  England.  The  hand  of  persecution  was  at 
this  time  laid  heavily  upon  the  Quakers.  Over  1,400  of  these  pious  and  in- 
offensive people  were  now,  and  some  of  them  had  been  for  yearn,  languishing 
in  the  prisons  of  England,  for  no  other  offense  than  their  manner  of  worship. 
By  his  friendship  with  James,  and  his  acquaintance  with  the  King,  ho  might 
do  something  to  soften  the  l,,t  of  these  unfortunate  victims  of  bigotry. 

He  accordingly  empowered  the  Provincial  Council,  of  which  Thomas 
Lloyd  was  President,  to  act  in  his  stead,  commissioned  Nicholas  Moore,  Will- 
iam   Welch,  William    Wood,    Robert   Turner    and   John    Ecklov,  Provincial 


g2  HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

Judges  for  two  years;  appointed  Thomas  Lloyd,  James  Claypole  and  Robert 
Turner  to  sign  land  patents  and  warrants,  and  William  Clark  as  Justice  of 
the  Peace  for  all  the  counties;  and  on  the  6th  of  June,  1684,  sailed  for  Europe. 
His  feelings  on  leaving  his  colony  are  exmbned  by  a  farewell  address  which 
he  issued  from  on  board  the  vessel  to  his  people,  of  which  the  following  are 
brief  extracts:  "My  love  and  my  life  is  to  you,  and  with  you,  and  no  water 
can  quench  it,  nor  distance  wear  it  out,  nor  bring  it  to  an  end.  I  have  been 
with  you,  cared  over  you  and  served  over  you  with  unfeigned  love,  and  you 
are  beloved  of  me,  and  near  to  me,  beyond  utterance.  I  bless  you  in  the 
name  and  power  of  the  Lord,  and  may  God  bless  you  with  His  righteousness, 
peace  and  plenty  all  the  land  over.  *  *  *  Oh!  now  are  you  come  to  a 
quiet  land  provoke  not  the  Lord  to  trouble  it.  And  now  liberty  and  author- 
ity  are  with  yon,  and  in  your  hands.  Let  the  government  be  upon  His 
shoulders,  in  all  your  spirits,  that  you  may  rule  for  Him,  under  whom  the 
princes  of  this  world  will,  one  day,  esteem  their  honor  to  govern  and  serve  in 
their  places  *  *  *  And  thou,  Philadelphia,  the  virgin  settlement  of 
this  province,  named  before  thou  wert  born,  what  love,  what  care,  what  serv- 
ice and  what  travail  has  there  been,  to  bring  thee  forth, and  preserve  thee  from 
such  as  would  abuse  and  defile  thee!  *  *  *  So,  dear  friends  my  love 
a-ain  salutes  you  all,  wishing  that  grace,  mercy  and  peace,  with  all  temporal 
blessings,  may  abound  richly  among  you-so  says,  so  prays,  your  friend  and 
lover  in  the  truth.  i  oQ  ^    ^      William  Pe*n 

On  the  6th  of  December  of  this  same  year,  1684,  Charles  II  died  and  was 
succeeded  by  his  brother  James,  Duke  of  York,  under  the  title  of  James  II. 
James  was  a  professed  Catholic,  and  the  people  were  greatly  excited  all  over 
the  kingdom  lest  the  reign  of  Bloody  Mary  should  be  repeated,  and  that  the 
Catholic  should  become  the  established  religion.  He  had  less  ability  than 
his  brother,  the  deceased  King,  but  great  discipline  and  industry.  Penn  en- 
ioyed  the  friendship  and  intimacy  of  the  new  King,  and  he  determined  to  use 
his  advantage  for  the  relief  of  his  suffering  countrymen,  not  only  of  his  sect, 
the  Quakers"  but  of  all,  and  especially  for  the  furtherance  of  universal  liberty. 
But  there  is  no  doubt  that  he  at  this  time  meditated  a  speedy  return  to  his 
province,  for  he  writes:  "Keep  up  the  peoples'  hearts  and  loves;  I  hope  tobe 
with  them  next  fall,  if  the  Lord  prevent  not.  I  long  to  be  with  you  No 
temptations  prevail  to  fix  me  here.  The  Lord  send  us  a  good  meeting.  By 
authority  of  Penn,  dated  18th  of  January,  1685,  William  Markham,  Penns 
cousin,  was  commissioned  Secretary  of  the  province,  and  the  proprietor  a  Sec- 

r6taThat  he  might  be  fixed  near  to  court  for  the  furtherance  of  his  private  as 
well  as  public  business,  he  secured  lodgings  for  himself  and  family,  in  168o  at 
Kensington,  near  London,  and  cultivated  a  daily  intimacy  with  the  ^mg  who, 
no  doubt,  found  in  the  strong  native  sense  of  his  Quaker  friend,  a  valued  ad- 
viser upon  many  questions  of  difficulty.  His  first  and  chief  care  was  the  set^ 
tlement  of  his  disagreement  with  Lord  Baltimore  touching  the  boundaries  of 
their  provinces.  This  was  settled  in  November,  1685,  by  a  compromise,  by 
which  the  land  lying  between  the  Delaware  and  Chesepeake  Bays  was  divided 
into  two  equal  parts-that  upon  the  Delaware  was  adjudged  to  Penn,  and  that 
upon  the  Chesapeake  to  Lord  Baltimore.  This  settled  the  matter  in  theory: 
but  when  the  attempt  was  made  to  run  the  lines  according  to  the  language  of 
the  Royal  Act,  it  was  found  that  the  royal  secretaries  did  not  understand  the 
geography  of  the  country,  and  that  the  line  which  their  language  described  was 
In  impossible  one.  Consequently  the  boundary  remained  undetermined  till 
1732  '    The  account  of  its  location  will  be  given  in  its  proper  place. 


IHSlnKV   OF   PBNN81  I.V  WIA.  tj.{ 

Having  secured  this  important  decision  to  his  satisfaction,  Penn  applied 
himself  with  renewed  zeal,  not  only  to  secure  the  release  of  his  people,  who 
were  languishing  in  prisons,  bnt  to  prooure  for  all  Englishmen,  everywhere, 
enlarged  liberty  and  freedom  of  conscience.  Bis  relations  with  the  King  fa 
vored  his  designs.  The  King  had  said  to  Penn  beforo  he  ascended  the  throne 
that  he  was  opposed  to  persecution  for  religion  On  the  fust  dayof  his  reign, 
he  made  an  address,  in  which  h<>  proclaimed  himself  opposed  to  all  arbitrary 
principles  in  government, 'and  promised  protection  to  the  Church  of  England. 
Early  in  the  year  L686,  in  consequence  of  the  King's  proclamation  for  a  gen- 
eral pardon,  over  thirteen  hundred  Quakers  were  set  at  liberty,  and  in  April, 
1687,  the  King  issued  a  declaration  for  entire  liberty  of  conscience,  and  sus- 
pending  the  penal  laws  in  matters  ecclesiastical.  This  was  a  great  Btep  in  ad- 
vance,  and  one  that  must  over  throw  a  luster  over  the  brief  reign  of  this  un- 
fortunate monarch.  Penn,  though  holding  no  official  position,  doubtless  did 
a-  much  toward  securing  the  issue  of  this  liberal  measure  ns  any  Englishman. 
id  the  issue  of  these  edicts,  the  Quakers,  at  their  noxt  annual  meeting, 
ted  an  address  of  acknowledgment  to  the  King,  which  opened  in  these 
words:  "  Wo  caunot  but  bless  and  praise  the  name  of  Almighty  God,  who 
bath  the  hearts  of  princes  in  His  hands,  that  He  hath  inclined  the  King  to  hear 
the  cries  of  his  suffering  subjects  for  conscience'  sake,  and  wo  rejoice  that  he. 
hath  given  us  so  eminent  an  occasion  to  present  him  our  thanks."  This  ad- 
dress was  presented  by  Penn  in  a  few  well -chosen  words,  and  the  King  re- 
plied in  the  following,  though  brief,  yet  most  expressive,  language:  "Gentle 
men — I  thank  you  heartily  for  your  address.  Some  of  you  know  (I  am  sure. 
you  do  Mr.  Penn),  that  it  was  always  my  principle,  that  conscience  ought  not 
to  be  forced,  and  that  all  men  ought  to  have  the  liberty  of  their  consciences 
And  what  I  have  promised  in  my  declaration,  I  will  continue  to  perform  so 
long  as  1  live.  And  I  hope,  before  1  die,  to  settle  it  so  that  after  ages  shall 
have  no  reason  to  alter  it.'' 

It  would  have  been  supposed  that  such  noble  sentiments  as  these  from  a 
sovereign  would  have  been  hailed  with  delight  by  the  English  people.  But 
they  were  not.      The  aristocracy  of  Britain  at  this  time  did  not  want  libi 

QCe.  They  wanted  oomfonuity  to  the  established  church,  and  bitter 
ution  against  all  others,  as  in  the  reign  of  Charles,  which  filled  the 
prisons  with  Quakers.  The  warm  congratulations  to  James,  andfervent  prayers 
for  his  welfare,  were  regarded  by  them  with  an  evil  eye.  Hitter  reproaches 
were  heaped  upon  Penn,  who  was  looked  upon  as  the  power  behind  the  throno 
ring  the  King  to  the  enforcing  of  these  principles.  He  was  ac- 
cused  of  having  been  educated  at  St,  Omer's,  a  Catholic  college,  a  place  which 
he  never  saw  in  his  life,  of  having  taken  orders  as  a  priest  in  the  Catholic 
Church,  of  having  obtained  dispensation  to  marry,  and  of  being  not  only  a 
Catholic,  but  a  Jesuit  in  disguise,  all  of  which  w<  re  pure  fabrications.  But  in 
the  excited  stale  of  the  public  mind  they  were  believed,  and  caused  him  to  bo 
ter  hatred.  The  King,  too,  fell  rapidly  into  disfavor,  and  so 
completely  hail  the  mind-  of  his  people  become  alienated  from  him,  that  upon 
the  coming  of  the  Prince  of  Orange  and  his  wife  Mary,  in  1688,  James  was 
obliged  to  flee  to  France  for  safety,  and  they  were  received  as  the  rulers  of 
Britain. 

But  while  the  interests  of  the  colony  were  thus  prospering  at  court,  the] 
were  not  so  cloudless  in  the  new  oountry.  There  was  needed  tho  strong  band 
of  Penn  to  cheek  a  pride  the  course  of  legislation  in  proper  chan- 

nels.    Ho  had  labored  to  plaeo  the  government  entirely  in  the  hands   of   tho 
people — an  idea,  in  the  abstract,  most  attractive,  and  one  which,  were  the  entiro 

4 


64  HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

population  w«e  »d  j-,  ™»ld  ,e,»lt  *«•»*>*££  ffitoTtog  b™» 

cessfully  resisted  the  PJ^gjJ^'jSS^toSSoe.  the  records  in  the 
Patrick  Robinson,  Clerk  of  the  comt,  t0"eIu^?»  troubles  in  the  government 
trial  of  Moore,  was  voted  a  public  «£™7-^^™ZJng  a  number  of  the 
were  the  occasion  of  much ■£*  *  *«J^J£ ^nTourk  in  an  endeavor 
most  influential  men  m  the  colony,  and  bescecmn  province, 

number,  and  accordingly  ^P"^^^^  of  whom  should  consti- 
Claypole,  Robert  Turner  and  John  Eckley    any  three  ot  ietol,     In 

tute  a  quorum,  to  be  Commissioners  of  State  to  act  tor  tn     p    I 
place  of  Moore  and  Claypole,  Arthur  Cook  and  John  himcock  PP  m 

key  were  to  compel  the ^^^^^'t^L^-,  to  dismiss 
admit  of  bo  parley;  to  abrogate  rll  laws  except  tM  admonishes  theul, 

in  any  of  his  State  papers  or  more  P^!10,,^™^^  English  nation.  "  I 
seen  how  important  were  his  ^^8J^  ^t^*  £3  and  those  in  au- 
flm  engaged  in  the  public  h™»™°*^™^tto*li\£ty.  that  I  was  a  small 
thority  would  have  me  see  the  est abluent  o^he  li        y  ^^  ^ 

instrument  to  begin  m  the  land.     The  Lord  nas  give  g  j   ^^ 

int-^^tt-^^^^-Sf^S^  repealed,  that  are  now 
rejoice  Jo  see  poo    old  England  tod,  t       V        ft  ^^  gQ  m  pennsvl. 

suspended,  and  it  it  goes  wen  5  Turkey  desires  more 

vania,  as  unkindly  used  as  I  am;  and  nc ,  poor  slave ^n 1         }  fte  ^ 

earnestly,  I  believe,  for  deliverance  tLauIdo  to  be  wit ay  ^ 

pears  to  have  been  present,  particularly  in  fester.  Pre8ident  of 

P     Since  the  departure  of  Penn,  ThomasLloj d   had  ac^ed  a  effect 

the  Council,  and  later  of  the  Commiss  one^s  o f W *     ^       while 

jSa^^^^^S  Prided  to  relieve  him,  though 


HIST0R1   OF  PENNS)  l.\  AM  A  65 

-  his  entir mfidenoe  by  notifying  him  that  he  intended  soon  to  ap- 
point him  absolute  Governor.  In  hia  plane,  he  indicated  Samuel  Oarpenter, 
or  if  he  was  on  willing  to  serve,  then  Thomas  Kl lis,  hut  not  to  be  President!  his 
will  being  thai  euoh  Bhonld  preside  a  month  in  turn,  or  that  the  oldest  mem 
ber  should  be  ohosen. 

i  foresaw  tli.it  the  executive  power,  to  be  efficient,  must  be  lodged   in 

the  hands  of  one  man  of  ability,  Buoh  as  to  command  therespeotof  his  | pie. 

Those  whom  h"  moat  trusted  in  the  colony  had  been  bo  mixed  up  in  the  wran- 

the  executive  and  legislative  departments  of  the  government  that  be 
dee  med  it  advisable  to  appoint  a  person  who  had  not  before    1 u    in    tli I 

ony  and  not  a  Quaker.     He  accordingly  oonunissioned  John  Blaokwell,  July 

i  lii'SS,  tn  lio  Lieutenant  Governor,  who  was  at  this  time  in  New  England, 
and  who  had  the  esteem  and  confidence  of  Penn.  With  tho  commission,  the 
proprietor  sunt  full  instructions,  chiefly  by  way  of  caution,  the  last  one  being: 
'  Utile  the  meek  meekly;  and  those  thai  will  not  be  ruled,  rule  with  authority." 
Though  Lloyd  had  been  relieved  of  power,  In*  still  remained  in  the  Council, 
probably  because  neither  of  the  persons  designated  were  willing  to  serve. 
Having  seen  the  evils  of  a  many  headed  executive,  lie  had  recommended  the 
appointment  of  one  person  to  exercise  executive  authority.  It  was  in  con 
formity  with  this  advice  that  Blaekwell  was  appointed.  He  met  the  Assembly 
in  March.  1689;  bul  either  his  conceptions  of  business  were  arbitrary  and  im 
perious,  or  the  Assembly  had  become  accustomed  to  great  latitude  and  lax 
discipline;  for  the  business  had  not  proceeded  far  before  the  several  branches 
of  the  government  were  at  variance.  Lloyd  refused  to  give  up  the  great  seal. 
alleging  that  it  had  been  given  him  for  life.  The  Governor,  arbitra 
rily  and  without  warrant  of  law.  imprisoned  officers  of  high  rank,  denied  the 
validity  of  all  laws  passed  by  the  Assembly  previous  to  his  administration,  and 
set  on  foot  a  project  tor  organizing  and  equipping  the  militia,  under  the  plea 
of  threatened  hostility  of  France.  The  Assembly  attempted  to  arrest  his 
proceedings,  but  he  shrewdly  evaded  their  intents  by  organizing  a  party 
among  the  members,  who  persistently  absented  themselves.  His  reign 
was  short,  for  in  January.  1690,  lie  left  the  colony  and  sailed  away  for  En 
gland,  whereupon  the  government  again  devolved  upon  the  Council,  Thomas 
Lloyd.  President.  Penn  had  a  high  estimation  of  the  talents  and  integrity 
of  Blaokwell,  and  adds.  "  He  is  in  England  and  Ireland  of  great  repute  for 
ability,  integrity  and  virtue." 

lliiee  forms  of  administering  the  executive  department  of  the  government 
had  now  been  tried,  by  a  Council  consisting  of  eighteen  members,  a  commission  of 
live  members,  and  a  Lieutenant  Governor,  Desirous  of  leaving  the  government 
as  far  as  possible  in  the  hands  of  the  people  who  were  the  Bouroes  of  all 
power,  Penn  left  it  to  the  Council  to  decide  which  form  should  be  adopted. 

The  majority  decided  for  a  Deputy  Governor.  This  was  opposed  by  tho  mem- 
bers from  the  provinces,  who  preferred  a  Council,  and  who,  finding  themselves 
outvoted,  decided  to  withdraw,  and  determined  for  themselves  to  govern  the 
lower  counties  until  Penn  should  come.  This  obstinacy  and  falling  out  be- 
tween the  councilors  from  the  lower  counties  and  those  from  tho  province 
was  the  beginning  of  a  controversy  which  eventuated  in  a  separation,  and 
finally  in  the  formation  of  Delaware  as  a  separate  commonwealth.  A  deputa- 
tion from  tho  Council  was  sent  to  New  Castle  to  induce  tho  seceding  members 
to  return,  but  without  success.  They  had  never  regarded  with  favor  the  re- 
moval of  the  sittings  of  the  Council  from  New  Castle,  the  first  seat  of  gov- 
ernment, to  Philadelphia,  and  they  were  now  determined  to  set  up  a  govern- 
ment for  themselves. 


/  U I  i ■/  <•  r^ 


Gg  HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

'  In  1689,  the  Friends  Pubbc  ^%^t^JZmi:SZX 
confirmed  by  a  patent  from  Penn  in  1701 ^J?  November  29  1711.  The 
with  greatly  enlarged  powers ,  ron .Penn P™™^£™Z  we'lfare  of  any 
preamble  to  the  charter  recites  that  as ,  tn '11  J  f  outh,  and  their 
people  depend,  in  great  "^"I^^^^Jand  qualifying 
early  introduction  in  the  P^^^fby  breeding  them  in  reading, 
them  to  serve  their  country  and  theme elves  oy d°scieQCes  suitable  to 
writing,  and  learning  of  langua ges  and  ^j£  ar  s  ' ™  anner  80  well  a3 
their  sex,  age  and  degree,  which  cannotj£  J??.**™  ^JJyed  as  the  first  mas- 
by  erecting  public  schools,"  etc  George  K^n  |CotTand  a  man  of  learning, 
ter  of  this  school.     He  was  a  native  of  Aberdeen   1 Scotland  a  m  ^ 

and  had  emigrated  to  East  Jersey  some  y^YnebeZlZi^  West  New 
General,  and  had  surveyed  ^d  nwked  the  Imejbetwe  he  ^ 

Jersey.      He  only  remained  at  the  head  of  the  school  ^         considerable 

succeeded  by  his  usher,  Thomas   Makm       Inis  was   a  ^ 

merit  and  pretension,   where  th  e  high ier  ma  them atics  an  fi 

guages  were  taught,  and  was  the  first  of ^  this  high  gr ade.  when 

mary  grade  had  been  established   as  early  as    1003,  £  English. 

Enoch  Flower  taught  on  the  following    -ms:         To  lea™  to  rea     ^^ 

a  saw  s^gSi^  wLS 

hard  cash  was  not  exorbitant.  caused  him  to  be  sus- 

Penn's  favor  at  court    daring  the  reign  of  *am£  "  ™£Marv  had  come  ho 
pected  of  disloyalty  to  the  government  ^jn^^  »d  M  Jn 

The  throne.     Accordingly  on  the  10th  of  Decker  ^  ^  fc 

White  Hall,  he  was  summoned  before  the  ljoras  o 

nothing  was  found  against  him,  was  compelled  to  £^%c™  ^      At  ^  sec. 
ance  af  the  next  term,  to  answer  any  charg p  t hatm  ght em  h        ^  ^ 

ond  sitting  of  the  Council  nothing  ^-^^XougM  before  the  Lords  on 
cleared  in  open  court.      In   lb90,  he  was  again  uiu  g 

the  charge  of  having  been   in  eorrespond^ce  with he    a £»*  d  P, 

pealed  to  King  William   who,  after  a  tearing  o    two  bo  ^  ^ 

release  him,  but  the  Lords  de cided  to  hold  him  tmu  ^  time  with 

he  was  again  discharged.      A  third  time  he  was  arrai ™ ,  ^  was 

eighteen  others,  charged  with  adhemgt°tfnow°t  liberty,  and  these  vexa- 
cleared  by  order  of  the  King's  Bench      Being  now  a ^ lib      V  ^  ^^ 

tious  suits  apparently  at  an  end,  he  set  about j«£^££&  »nd  ^  GoYern- 
to  his  cherished  Pennsylvania.  ProP°8pfim^t^  tad  ordered  an  armed 
ment,  regarding  the  enterprise  of  so  ^J  ^  ^ %nd  now,  baeked  by 
convoy,  when  he  was  again  met  by  another  accusal  on  u    de. 

the  false  oath  of  one  William  Fuller whom *6  ^Xrepare  ^  {or  hls 
clared  a  "  cheat  and  an  imposter.  See mg *™  ™£™J  l  mad°  expensive 
defense,  he  abandoned  his  voyage  to  America  atter  na  ^  to  prevent  his 
preparations,  and  convinced  that  his  ^^in  sLland  ot  America,  he  with- 
Mention  to  public  or  private  affairs^  whe  her  i n  En gland  oi  . 

drew  himself  during  the  ensuing  two  or  three  years  F  ^  hig 

But  though  not  participating  in  business,  which  wa  ,  ca       a  ^ligioas 

attention,  his  mind  was  busy  and ^--^Xat  nfl^ct'po/the  tur°n  of 
and  civil  matters  were  produced    that  had '  &™«  f      £is  forced  retire- 


1IISTOKV    OF    I'KVVM  l.\  AM  \  ti7 

■  My  enemies  are  touts.     My  privacy  ia  nol    became  men  have  sworn  truly, 
but  falselj  against  me  " 

Bis  personal  grievanoea  in  England  wore  the  I •  ■ .- 1 — t  which  ho  sufTered.  For 
lack  of  guiding  uitlucnec,  bitter  dissensions  hail  sprung  op  in  his  colony, 
which  threatened  the  loss  of  all  Desiring  to  secure  peace,  he  had  commis- 
sioned  Thomas  Uoyd  Deputy  Governor  of  the  province,  and  William  Mark- 
ham  Deputy  Governor  of  the  lover  oountiee.  Penn's  grief  on  account  of  this 
division  iadisolosed  in  a  letter  to  a  friend  in  the  provinoe:  "  1  left  it  to  them, 
to  choose  either  the  government  of  the  Council,  five  Commissioners  or  a  deputy. 
Whatoouldbe  tenderer?  Now  I  peroeive  Thomas  Lloyd  is  chosen  by  the 
three  apper  l>ut  not  the  three  lower  counties,  and  sits  down  with  this  broken 
ohoice.  This  has  grieved,  and  wounded  me  and  mine,  I  fear  to  tho  hazard  of 
all!  •  *  *  for  else  the  Governor  of  New  York  is  like  to  have  all,  if  he 
has  it  not  already." 

But  the  troubles  of  Penn  in  America  were  not  confined  to  civil  affairs. 
His  religious  society  was  torn  with  dissension.  George  Keith,  a  man  of  con- 
aiderable  power  in  argumentation,  but  of  overweening  self-conceit,  attacked  the 
Friends  for  the  laxitv  of  their  discipline,  and  drew  off  some  followers.  So 
venomous  did  he  become  that  on  the  20th  of  April.  1692,  a  testimony  of  de- 
nial was  drawn  up  against  him  at  a  meeting  of  ministers,  wherein  ho  and  his 
conduct  were  public!]  disowned.  This  was  confirmed  at  the  nest  yearly  meet- 
ing. He  .Irew  off  large  numbers  and  set  up  an  independent  society,  who 
tanned  themselves  Christian  Quakers.  Keith  appealed  from  this  actiun  of  the 
American  Chinch  to  the  yearlj  meeting  in  London,  but  was  so  intemperate  in 
i  hat  the  action  of  the  American  Church  was  confirmed.  Whereupon 
he  became  the  bitter  enemy  of  the  Quakers,  and,  uniting  with  the  Church  of 
England,  was  ordained  a  Vicar  by  the  Bishop  of  London.  He  afterward  re- 
turned to  America  where  he  wrote  against  his  former  associates,  but  was  final- 
ly fixed  in  a  benefice  in  Sussex.  England.  On  his  death  bed,  he  said,  "  I  wish 
I  had  died  when  I  was  a  Quaker,  for  then  I  am  sure  it  would  have  been  well 
with  ray  soul." 

I  lut"  Keith  had  not  been  satisfied  with  attacking  the  principles  and  prac- 
tices of  his  church.  He  mercilessly  lampooned  the  Lieutenant  Governor,  say- 
ing that  '  He  was  not  fit  to  be  a  Governor,  and  his  name  would  stink,"  and  of 
the  Council,  that  "Ho  hoped  to  God  he  should  shortly  see  their  power  taken 
from  them."  On  another  occasion,  he  said  of  Thomas  Lloyd,  who  was  reputed 
a  mild- tempered  man.  and  had  befriended  Keith,  that  he  was  "an  impu- 
dent man  and  a  pitiful  Governor,"  and  asked  him  "why  he  did  not  send  him 
to  jail."'  Baying  that  "his  back  (Keith's)  had  long  itched  for  a  whipping,  and 
that  he  would  print  and  expose  them  all  over  America,  if  not  over  Europe." 
So  abusive  had  he  finally  become  that  the  Council  was  obliged  to  take  notice 
of  his  conduct  and  to  warn  him  to  desist. 

Penn,  as  has  been  shown,  was  silenced  and  thrown  into  retirement  in  En- 
gland. It  can  be  readily  seen  what  an  excellent  opportunity  these  troubles 
in  America,  the  separation  in  the  government,  and  the  schism  in  tho  church, 
gave  his  enemies  to  attack  him.  They  represented  that  he  had  neglected  his 
colony  by  remaining  in  England  and  meddling  with  matters  in  which  he  had 
DO  business;  that  tho  colony  in  consequence  had  fallen  into  great  disorder, 
and  that  he  should  be  deprived  of  Ins  proprietary  rights.  These  complaints 
had  so  much  weight  with  William  and  Mary,  that,  on  the  21st  of  October,  1692, 
they  commissioned  Benjamin  Fletcher,  Governor  of  New  York,  to  take  the 
province  and  territories  under  his  government.  There  was  another  motive 
operating  at  this  time,  more  potent  than  those  mentioned  above,  to  induce  the 


68  HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

mmmmmm 

to,  would  »ot  ,.!«.«  t»  feed  the  to,BOT  „d  c tothe  ft .  £££■**  ™ '" 

patedVfor  he  blamed  the  colony  for  refusing  to  send  money  to  New  York  for 

the  Duke  of  Buckingham  and  Sir  John  Trenchard,  the  king  was  asked  to 
hear  the  case  SwSCn  Penn,  against  whom  no  charge  was  proven and  who 
would  two  years  before  have  gone  to  his  colony  had  he  °ot  supposed  toa  he 
would  have  been  thought  to  go  in  defiance  of  the  government.     King  W  Uliaitt 


UlSTOtO   OF  PENNSYLVANIA.  G  I 

answered  that  William   Penn  was  his  old  acquaintance  as  well  as  theirs,   thai 
be  might  follow  his  business  aa  treelj  aa  ever,  and  thai  H<'  bad  nothing  to  sa 
to  him.     Penn  was  accordingly  reinstated  in  bi  nl  by  letters  pateni 

dated  on  the 20th of  August,  L694,  whereupon  he oommiasioned  William  Marl 
ham  Lieutenant  Governor. 

When  Markham  called  the  Assembly,  he  disregarded  tln>  provisions  of  the 
oharter,  assuming  that  the  removal  of  Penn  had  annulled  the  grant.  The 
|j  made  no  objection  t  i  this  action,  as  there  were  provisions  in  the  oM 
oharter  thai  thej  desired  to  have  changed.  Accordingly,  when  the  appropria 
tion  bill  was  considered,  a  new  constitution  was  attached  to  it  ami  passed 
This  was  approved  by  Markham  and  became  the  organic  law,  the  third  consti- 
tution adopted  under  the  charter  of    King  Charles.      By  the   provisions  of   tin 

instrument,  the  Council  was  composed  of  twelve  members,  and  the  Assembly 

of  twenty- four.  During  the  war  between  France  and  England,  tho  ocean 
swarmed  with  the  privateers  of  the  former.    \\  hen  peace  was  declared,  many  of 

rafts,  which  had  richly  profited  by  privateering,  wore  disposed  to  con- 
tinue their  irregular  practices,  which  wasnowpiraoy.  Judging  that  tho  peace 
principles  of   the  Quakers  would    shield   them  from  forcible  seizure,  they  were 

med  to  run  into  the  Delaware  for  safe  harbor.  Complaints  coming 
,f  the  depredations  of  these  parties,  a  proclamation  was  issued  calling  on 
magistrates  and  citizens  to  unite  in  breaking  up  practices  so  damaging  to  the 
good  name  of  the  colony.  It  was  charged  in  England  that  evil-disposed  per 
sons  in  the  province  were  privy  to  these  practices,  if  not  parties  to  it.  anil  that 
the  failure  of  the  Government  to  break  it  up  was  a  proof  of  its  inefficiency. 
and  of  a  radical  defect  of  the  principles  on  which  it  was  based.  Penn  wa^ 
much  exercised  by  these  charges,  and  in  his  letters  to  the  Lieutenant  Governor 
and  to  bis  friends  in  the  Assembly,  urged  ceaseless  vigilance  to  effect  reform. 


CHAPTER   VIII. 


William    Penn,    1699-1701— Andrew     Hamilton.   1701-8— Edward    Shippi  n 
t— John  Evans,  1704-9— Charles  Gookin,  1709-17. 

BEING  free  from  harassing  persecutions,  and  in  favor  at  court,  Penn  de 
termined  to  remove  with  his  family  to  Pennsylvania,  and  now  with  thi 

in  of  living  and  dying  here.  Accordingly,  in  July,  L699,  he  set  sail, 
and,  on  account  of  adverse  winds,  was  three  months  tossed  about  upon  the 
ocean.  Just  before  his  arrival  in  his  colony,  the  yellow  fever  raged  there  with 
great  virulence,  having  been  brought  thither  from  the  Wee!  Indies,  but  had 
been  checked  by  the  biting  frosts  of  autumn,  and  bad  now  disappeared  An 
observant  traveler,  who  witnessed  the  effects  of  this  scourge,  writes  thus  of  it 
in  his  journal:  "Great  was  the  majesty  and  hand  of  the  Lord.  Great  was 
the  fefir  that  fell  upon  all   flesh      1    saw   no   lofty   nor   airy   countenanc 

.ny  vain  jesting   to  move   men    to    laughter,   nor  witty  repartee  to  raise 
mirth,  nor  extravagant   feasting   to  excite  the   lusts   and  desires  of  tho  flesh 
above  measure:  but  every  face  gathered  paleness,  and  many  hearts  wer 
bled,  and  countenances  fallen  and  sunk,  as  such  that  waited  every  moment  to 
be  summoned  t,>  the  bar  and  numbered  to  the  g 

iverywhere  manifest  •  1  throughout  the  province  at  the  arriv- 


•■JO  HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

al  of  the  proprietor  and  his  family,  fondly  believing  that  he  had  now  como  to 
stay  He  met  the  Assembly  soon  after  landing,  but,  it  being  an  inclement 
season,  he  only  detained  them  loag  enough  to  pass  two  measures  a.med  against 
Piracy  and  illicit  trade,  exaggerated  reports  of  which,  having  been  spread 
broadcast  through  the  kingdom,  had  caused  him  great  uneasiness  and  vexation. 
At  tt  Is  monthly  meeting  of  Friends  in  1700  he  laid  before  them  his 
concern,  which  was  for  the  welfare  of  Indians  and  Negroes,  and  steps  were 
taken  to  instruct  them  and  provide  stated  meetings  for  them  where  they  could 
hear  the  Word.  It  is  more  than  probable  that  he  had  fears  from  the  nrst  that 
his  enemies  in  England  would  interfere  in  his  affairs  to  such  a  degree  as  to  £ 
quire  his  early  return,  though  he  had  declared  to  his  friends  there  that  he 
never  expected  to  meet  them  again.  His  greatest  solicitude,  consequently, 
was  to  gfve  a  charter  to  his  colony,  and  also  one  to  his  city,  the  very  best  that 
human  Ingenuity  could  devise.  An  experience  of  now  nearly  twenty  years 
would  be  likely  to  develop  the  weaknesses  and  impracticable ;  Pulsions  of :  the 
first  constitutions,  so  that  a  frame  now  drawn  with  all  the  light  of  the  past, 
and  by  the  aid  and  suggestion  of  the  men  who  had  been  employed  m  admin- 
Serin-  it,  would  be  likely  to  be  enduring,  and  though  he  might  be  called 
hence  or  be  removed  by  death,  their  work  would  live  on  from  generation  o 
generation  and  age  to  age,  and  exert  a  benign  and  preserving  influence  while 
the  State  should  exist.  .  ,      ,  ,,     T 

In  February,  1701,  Penn  met  the  most  renowned  and  powerful  of  the  In- 
dian chief  teinsfreaching  out  to  the  Potomac,  the  Susquehanna  and  to  the  Ononda- 
coes  of  the  Five  Nations,  some  forty  in  number,  at  Philadelphia  where  he 
Renewed  with  them  pledges  of  peace  and  entered  into  a  formal  treaty  of  active 
friendship  binding  them  to  disclose  any  hostile  intent,  confirm  sale  of  lands, 
be TovexiPed  by  cofonial  law,  all  of  which  was  confirmed  on  the  part  of  the  In- 
dians "by  fivJ  parcels  of  skins;"  and  on  the  part  of  Penn  by  "  several  English 

8°tj£lZ£™TL  Legislature  were  held  inwhich  great  harmonypre- 
vailed,  and  much  attention  was  giving  to  revising  and  recompensing  the  const - 
tu  ion  But  in  the  midst  of  their  labors  for  the  improvement  of  the  organic 
aw  inference  was  brought  to  Penn  that  a  bill  had  been  introduced  in  the 
House  of  Lords  for  reducing  all  the  proprietary  governments  in  Amenca  to 
re°al  ones  under  pretence  of  advancing  the  prerogative  of  the  crown,  and 
the atal  advantage.  Such  of  the  owners  of  land  in  Pennsylvania as  hap- 
pened to  be  in  England,  remonstrated  against  action  upon  the  bill  until  Penn 
could return  and  °be  heard,  and  wrote  to  him  urging  his  immediate  coming 
hrther  Though  much  to  his  disappointment  and  sorrow  he  determined  to 
oo  immediately  thither.  He  promptly  called  a  session  of  the  Assembly,  and 
fn  hTm  ssag^  to  the  two  Houses  said,  "I  cannot  think  of  such ^a  voyage 
without  greafretoctancy  of  mind,  having  promised  myself  the  quietnes of  a 
wilderness.  For  my  heart  is  among  you,  and  no  disappointment  shall  ever  be 
lb  le  to  alter  my  love  to  the  country,  and  resolution  to  return,  and  settle  my 
Jmily  and  posterity  in  it.  *  *  Think  therefore  (since  all  men  are  mortg, 
of  some  suitable  expedient  and  provision  for  your  safety  as  well  in .you, prm- 
Wes  as  property.  Review  again  your  laws,  propose  new  ones,  and  you  wiJl 
find  me  Sy  to  comply  with  whatsoever  may  render  us  happy,  by  a  nearer 
union  of  our  interests  "  The  Assembly  returned  a  suitable  response,  and  then 
proceed' ^  to  draw  up  twenty-one  article,  The  first  related l  to  the  appoint 
Lent  of  a  Lieutenant  Governor.  Penn  proposed  that  the  Assembly  should 
cTose  one.  But  this  they  declined,  preferring  that  he  should  appoint  on. 
Little  trouble  was  experienced  in  settling   everything  broached,  except   the 


HISTOBT   OJ  PENN81  LI  \ma.  71 

union  of  the  provinoe  and  lower  counties.  Penn  used  his  best  endeavors  to 
.•  them  to  the  union,  but  without  avail  The  new  oonstitation  «  is 
the  28th  of  October,  1701.  The  instrument  proTided  for  the 
anion,  bnl  in  a  supplementary  article,  evidently  granted  with  great  reluctance, 
it  was  provided  that  the  provinoe  and  the  territories  might  be  separated  at  any 
time  within  three  years  as  Ins  last  aot  before  leaving,  he  presented  the  city 
of  Philadelphia,  now  grown  to  be  a  considerable  place,  and  always  an  object 
of  his  affectionate  regard,  with  a  charter  of  privileges.  As  his  Deputy,  he  ap- 
pointed Andrew  Hamilton,  one  of  the  proprietors  of  East  New  Jersey,  and 
sometime  Governor  of  both  Past  and  \\  eel  Jersey,  and  for  Secretary  of  the 
province  and  Clerb  of  the  Council,  he  selected  James  Logan,  a  man  of  sin- 
gular urbanity  and  strength  of  mind,  and  withal  a  scholar. 

Penn  set  sail  for  Europe  on  the  1st  of  November,  1701.  Soon  after  ins 
arrival,  on  the  lsth  of  January,  170:!.  King  William  died,  and  Anne  of  Den- 
mark succeeded  him.  He  now  found  hiiusolf  in  favor  at  court,  and  that  he 
might  be  convenient  to  the  royal  residence,  he  again  took  lodgings  at  Kensing- 
ton. The  bill  which  hail  been  pending  before  Parliament,  that  had  given  him 
so  much  uneasiness,  was  at  the  succi  ion  dropped  entirely,   and  was 

again    called   up.      During   his  leisure  hours,   he  now  busied  himself   in 
writing    "several    useful    and    excellent  treatises  mi  divers  subjects." 

Gov.  Hamilton's  administration  continued  only  till  December,  17i>'J.  when 
In-  died.  He  was  earnest  in  his  endeavors  to  induce  the  territories  to  unite 
with  the  province,  they  having  as  yet  not  accepted  the  new  charter,  alleging 
that  they  had  three  years  in  which  to  make  their  decision,  but  without  success 
He  also  organized  a  military  force,  of  which  George  Lowther  was  commander, 
f.  .r  t  he  safety  of  the  colony. 

The  executive  authority  now  devolved  upon  the  Council,  of  which  Edward 
Shippeo  was  President.  Conflict  of  authority,  and  contention  over  the  due  in- 
terpretation of  some  provisions  of  the  new  charter,  prevented  the  accomplish 
ment  of  much,  by  way  of  legislation,  in  the  Assembly  which  convened  in  1703: 
though  in  this  body  it  was  finally  determined  that  the  lower  counties  should 
thereafter  act  separately  in  a  legislative  capacity.  This  separation  proved 
final,  the  two  bodies  never  again  meeting  in  common. 

Though  the  bill  to  govern  the  American  Colonies  by  regal  authority  failed, 
yet  the  clamor  of  those  opposed  to  the  proprietary  Governors  was  so  strong 
thai  an  act  was  finally  passed  requiring  the  selection  of  deputies  to  have1  the 
royal  assent  Hem  i  choosing  a  successor  to  Hamilton,  he  was  obliged  to 
consider  the  Queen's  wishes  John  Evans,  a  man  of  parts,  of  Welsh  extrac- 
aly  twentj  six  years  old.  a  member  of  the  Queen's  household,  and  not  a 
Quaker,  nor  even  of  exemplary  morals,  was  appointed,  who  arrived  in  tho  col- 
ony in  December.  17o:i.  He  «  panied  by  William  Penn,  Jr.,  who  was 
.  a  member  of  the  Council,  the  number  having  been  increased  by  author- 
ity  of  the  Governor,  probably  with  a  view  to  his  election 

The  first  care  of  Evans  was  to  unite  the  province  and  lower  counties. 
though  the  final  separation  had  Hi    presented  the  matter  so 

well  that  tiie  lower  OOUnties,  from  which   the  difficulty    had  always  come,   were 
willing  to  return  to  a  firm  union.     But  now  the  provincial  Assembly,  having 
■   inpatient  of  the  obstacles  thrown  in  the  way  of  legislation  bj  the  dele 
gates  from  these  counties,  was  unwilling  to  receive   them.      They  henceforward 

remained  separate  ins  legislative  capacity,  though  still  a  part  of  Pennsylvania, 

under  the  claim  of   Penn.  ami  ruled  by  the  same  Governor,  and  thus  thi 
tinued  until  the  20th  of  September,  177'i.  when  a  constitution  was  adopted, 
and    they  were    proclaimed  a    separate    State  under  the   name  of    Delaware. 


72  HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

Dunne  two  years  of  the  government  of  Evans,  there  was  ceaseless  discord  be- 
En^rCouncil,  headed  by  the  Governor  and  Secretary  Logan  on  the  one 
sS  and  the  Assembly  led  by  David  Lloyd,  its  Speaker,  on  the  other,  and 
little  legislation  was  effected.  .      ,   , 

Resizing  the  defenseless  condition  of  the  colony,  Evans  determined  to 
or^fnize  the  militia,  and  accordingly  issued  his  proclamation  In  obedience 
toghe  Majesty's  royal  command,  and  to  the  end  that  the  .nha bitants  of  this 
government  may  be  in  a  posture  of  defense  and  readiness  to  withstand  and 
Sail  acts  of  hostility.  I  do  hereby  strictly  command  and  require  al  pel- 
sons  residing  in  this  government,  whose  persuasions  will,  on  any  account,  per- 
mitthemtogtakeuparmsin  their  own  defense,  that  forthwith  they _d ,  pro- 
vide themselves  with  a  good  firelock  and  ammunition,  in  order  to  enlist  them- 
selves in  the  militia,  which  I  am  now  settling  in  this  government  The  Gov- 
ernor evidently  issued  this  proclamation  in  good  faith,  and  with  a  pure  pur- 
pose  The  French  and  Indians  had  assumed  a  threatening  aspect  upon  the  north 
Tdwhile  the  other  colonies  had  assisted  New  ^klil«ally^ei^yWania^ 
done  little  or  nothing  for  the  common  defense.  But  his  call  fell  stillborn. 
The  "fire-locks"  were  not  brought  out,  and  none  enlisted. 

Disappointed  at  this  lack  of  spirit,  and  embittered  by  the  actions  temper  of 
the  Assembly    Evans,  who  seems  not  to  have  had  faith  in  the  religious  prm- 
ciples  of  thfQuakers  and  to  have  entirely  mistook  the  nature  of  their  Christian 
zea     formed  a  wild  scheme  to  test  their  steadfastness  under  the  pressure  of 
hreateTd  danger.     In  conjunction  with  his  gay  associates  in .revel,  he ,  ag  eed 
tn  hive  a  false  alarm  spread  of  the  approach  of   a  hostile   force  in  the  river, 
whereupon  he  was  to  raise  the  alarm  in  the  city.     Accordingly,  on  the  day  of 
he  faS  in  Philadelphia,  16th  of  March,  1706,  a  messenger  came    post  haste 
from  New  Castle  bringing  the  startling  intelligence  that  an  armed  fleet  of  the 
enemy  wis  at  ady  She  river,  and  making  their  way  rapidly  toward  the  o.* 
Where™  Evans  acted  his  part  to  a  nicety.      He  sent  em.ssar.es  through  the 
town  proclaiming  the  dread  tale,  while  he  mounted  his  horse,  and  m  an  ex- 
cited Sanner?andwith  a  drawn  sword,  rode  through  the  streets,  calling  upon  all 
good  "en  and  true  to  rush  to  arms  for  the  defense  of  their  homes    heir  wives 
S  children,   and  all  they  held  dear.     The  ruse  was  so  well  played  that  it 
had  an  immense  effect.      »  The  suddenness  of  the  surprise,"  says  Proud,     with 
the  noise  of  precipitation    consequent  thereon,  threw  many  of  the  people  into 
very  °reat  fright  and  consternation,  insomuch  that  it  is  said   some  threw  the  r 
nl2e°and  most  valuable  effects  down  their  wells  and  little  houses;  that  others 
E  d  themse"  e  ,  in  the  best  manner  they  could,  while  many  retired  further ^ up 
the  rive. "'with  what  they  could   most  readily  carry  off;  so  that  some  of  the 
creeks  seemed  full  of   boats  and  small  craft;  those  of  a  larger  size  running  as 
far  as  BuHin-ton,  and  some  higher  up  the  river;  several  women  are  said  to 
havrmlscarrfed  by  the  fright  a&nd  terror  into   which  they  were  thrown,   and 

^C^IZ^UM  of  the  people  are  said  to  have  understood  the 
deceit  from  the  first*  and  labored  to  allay  the  excitement;  but  the  seeming 
earnestness  of  the  Governor  and  the  zeal  of  his  emissaries  so  worked  upon  the 
mo™  inconsiderate  of  the  population  that  the  consternation  and  commotion 
was  almost  past  belief.  In  an  almanac  published  at  Philadelphia  for  the  next 
year  opposite  this  date  was  this  distich: 

""Wise  men  wonder,  good  men  grieve, 
Knaves  invent  and  fools  believe." 
Though  this  ruse  was  played  upon  all  classes  alike,  yet  it  was  generally 
believed  to  have  been  aimed  chiefly  at  the  Quakers,  to  try  the  force  of  thou 


BIBTORY  or  PBNN81  i.vam  \  73 

prinoiplee,  and  Bee  if  they  would  not  rush  to  arma  when  danger  ahonld  really 
appear.  Hut  in  this  the  Governor  was  disappointed.  For  it  iB  said  that  only 
four  < .lit  cif  tlu>  entire  population  of  this  religious  creed  showed  any  disposition 

to  falsify  their  faith,     It  was  the  day  of  their  weekly  meeting,  and  regardless 

of  the  dismay  and  oonatei'nation  which  were  everywhere  manifest  aliout  them, 
the]  assembled  in  their  accustomed  places  of  worship,  and  engaged  in  then 
devotions  as  though  nothing  unusual  was  transpiring  without,  manifesting 
such  unshaken  faith,  as  \\  bittier  has  exemplified  in  verse  by  his  Abraham 
Davenport,  on  the  occasion  of  the  Dark  Day: 

Keanwhile  In  the  old  Btate  Bouse,  dim  us  ghosts, 
S:ii  the  law-givera  of  Connecticut, 
Trembling  beneath  their  legislative  rubes. 
•  It  i~  the  C  ird  -  ereat  day  I  Let  as  adjourn, ' 
Boms  Bald;  and  then,  as  with  one  accord, 
All  eyes  were  turned  on  Abraham  Davenport. 
Be  rose,  Blow,  cleaving  with  his  Bteadj  voice 
The  intolerable  hush.     'This  well  may  be 
The  Day  of  Judgment  which  the  world  awaits; 

But  I"'  it  BO  or  not,  I  only  know 

Mv  present  duty,  and  nay  Lord's  command 
To  occupy  till  id- ci, me    Bo  at  the  post. 
Win-re  lie  hath  Bet  me  in  His  Providence, 
I  choose,  for  one,  to  meet  1  iim  face  to  Cat  •, 
No  faithless  Bervant  frightened  from  my  task, 

But  ready  when  the  Lord  of  the  harvest   calls; 
And  therefore,  with  all  reverence,  I  would    - 

Lei  God  do  His  work,  we  will  sec  to  ours. 

in  the  candles.'    And  they  brought  them  in." 

In  conjunction  with  the  Legislature  of  the  lower  counties,  Evans  was  in- 
strumental in  having  a  law  passed  for  the  imposition  of  a  tax  on  the  tonnage 
of  the  river,  and  the  erection  of  a  fort  near  the  town  of  New  Castle  for  com- 
pelling obedience.  This  was  in  direct  violation  of  the  fundamental  compact, 
and  vexatious  to  commerce.  It  was  at  length  forcibly  resisted,  and  its  impo 
sition  abandoned.  His  administration  was  anything  but  efficient  or  peaceful, 
a  series  of  contentions,  of  charges  and  counter-charges  having  been  kept  up 
between  the  leaders  of  the  two  factions,  Lloyd  and  Logan,  which  he  was  pow- 
erless to  properly  direct  or  control.  "  He  was  relieved  in  1701).  Possessed  of 
a  good  degree  of  learning  and  refinement,  and  accustomed  to  the  gay  society 
of  the  British  metropolis,  he  found  in  the  grave  and  serious  habits  of  the- 
Friends  a  type  of  life  and  character  which  he  failed  to  comprehend,  and  with 
which  he  could,  consequently,  have  little  sympathy.  How  widely  he  mistook 
the  Quaker  character  is  seen  in  the  result  of  his  wild  and  hair-brained  ezperi 
ment  to  test  their  faith.  His  general  tenor  of  life  seems  to  have  been  of  a 
piece  with  this.  Watson  says:  'The  Indians  of  Connestoga  complained  of 
him  when  there  as  misbehaving  to  their  women,  and  that,  in  170H.  Solomon 
Oresson,  going  his  rounds  at 'night,  entered  a  ken  era  to  suppress  a  riotous  as- 
sembly, and  found  there  John  Evans,  Esq..  the  Governor,  who  fell  to  beat- 
ing Cresson.' " 

The  youth  and  levity  of  Gov.  Evans  induced  the  proprietor  to  seek  for  a 
■  r  of  a  more  sober  and  sedate  character.  He  had  thought  of  proposing 
his  son.  but  finally  settled  upon  CoL  Charles  Gookin,  who  was  reputed  to  be  a 
man  of  wisdom  and  prudence,  though  as  was  afterward  learned,  to  the  sorrow 
of  the  colony,  he  was  subject  to  tits  of  derangement,  which  toward  the  close  ol 
rm  were  exhibited  in  the  most  extravagant  acts.  He  had  scarcely  ar- 
rived in  the  colony  before  charges  were  preferred  against  the  late  Governor, 
and  he  was  asked  to  institute  criminal  proceedings,  which  he  declined.      This 


74  HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

was  the  occasion  of  a  renewal  of  contentions  between  the  Governor  and  his 
Council  and  ihe  Assembly,  which  continued  daring  the  greate, -pare  of  h^s  ad- 
ministration In  the  midst  of  them,  Logan,  who  was  at  the  head  ot  the  Coun 
d  having  demanded  a  trial  of  the  charges  against  him,  and  faded  to  secure 
one  sailed  for  Europe,  where  he  presented  the  difficulties  experienced  in  ad- 
Tn^eing  the  government  so  strongly,  that  Penn  was  seriously  inclined  to 
TeU  his  interest  in  the  colony.  He  had  already  greatly  crippled  his  estate  by 
expense  he  had  incurred  in  making  costly  presents  to  the  natives,  and  m  set- 
tlinAis  colony,  for  which  he  had  received  small  return.  In  the  year  1707, 
he  had  becomeyinvolved  in  a  suit  in  chancery  witb  the  executors  of  his  former 
steward  in  the  course  of  which  he  was  confined  in  the  Old  Baily  during  this 
anTa  part  of  the  following  year,  when  he  was  obliged  to  mortgage  his  colony 
inlhe1  urn  of  £6,600  to  Relieve  himself.  Foreseeing  the  great  consequence 
f  would  be  to  the  crown  to  buy  the  rights  of  the  proprietors  of  the  several 
Engl  sh  colonies  in  America  before  they  would  grow    too  powerful,  negoh 

he  was  incapacitated  for  transacting  any  business,  and  a  stay  was  P*J  to  fur- 
ther proceedings  until  the  Queen  should  order  an  act  of  Parliament  for  con- 

SnTttl3rlo:ifS spectacle  to  behold  the  great  mind  and  the  great  heart  of 
Penn  reduced  now  in  his  declining  years,  by  the  troubles  of  government  and 
^  debts  incurred  in  the  bettering  of  his  colony,  to  this  -j-bled  conditro^ 
He  was  at  the  moment  writing  to  Logan  on  public  affairs  when _  h«  hand  was 
suddenly  seized  by  lethargy  in  the  beginning  of  a  sentence,  which  he  neyer 
finished  His  mind  was  touched  by  the  disease,  which  ^  never  recovered, 
Sd  after  leering  for  six  years,  he  died  on  the  30th  of  May,  1718  in  the 
^SSJKi  of  hi,  agye.  With  great  power  of  ^lle^  ^d^rehgiouj 
devotion  scarcely  matched  in  all  Christendom,  he  gave  himself  to  the  welfare 
of  mankind  by  securing  civil  and  religious  liberty  through  the  operations  of 
ct'nfc  aw.  Though  not  a  lawyer  by  profession,  he  drew  frames  of  govern- 
S  and  bodies  of  faws  which  have  been  ^e  admiration  of  succeeding  gen^ 
itions  and  are  destined  to  exert  a  benign  influence  m  all  future  time,  and  by 
hsdLussions  with  Lord  Baltimore  and  before  the  Lords  >^ 
showed  himself  familial-  with  the  abstruse  principles  of  law.  Though  but  a 
nrivate  person  and  of  a  despised  sect,  he  was  received  as  the  friend  and  confi- 
dential See  of  therulinPg  sovereigns  of  England,  and  so *ne  of theo- 
ries which  ^ive  luster  to  British  law  were  engrafted  there  thiougn  the  influ 
ence  of  the  powerful  intellect  and  benignant  heart  of  Penn.  He  sought  to 
know  no  philosophy  but  that  promulgated  by  Christ  and  His  disciples,  and 
E  he  had  sounded  to  its  depths,  and  in  it  were  anchored  his  ideas  of  public 
aw  and  private  and  social  living.  The  untamed  savage  of  the  forest  bowed  in 
law  ana  P«  simDlicitv  to  his  mild  and  resistless  sway,  and  the  members 

oTtte  Society  ol  Friends  a'll  over  Europe  flocked  to  his  City  of  Brotherly  Love 
His  prayers  for  the  welfare  of  his  people  are  the  beginning  and  ending  of  al 
his  puX  and  private  correspondence,  and  who  will  say  toat  they  have  not 
been  answered  in  the  blessings  which  have  attended  the  commonwealth ^  his 
founding  And  will  not  the  day  of  its  greatness  be  when  he  inhabitants 
throughout  all   its  borders  shall  return  to  the  peaceful  and  loving  spirit  of 


B38T0BY  0*  itnwi  t.\  \\t  \.  75 

Pennf  In  the  midst  of  a  licentious  court,  and  with  every  prospect  of  advance- 
ment iu  its  sunshine  and  favor,  inheriting  a  great  name  and  an  independent 
patrimony,  he  turned  aside  from  this  brilliant  dark  to  make  common  lot  with 
a  poor  aed  under  the  ban  of  Government;  endured  stripes  and  imprisonment 
and  loss  of  property;  banished  himself  to  the  wilds  of  the  American  continent 
thai  he  might  secure  to  his  people  those  devotions  which  seemed  to  them  re 
quired  by  their  Maker,  and  has  won  for  himself  a  name  by  the  simple  deeds  of 
love  and  humble  obedienoe  to  Christian  mandates  which  shall  never  peiish. 
Many  have  won  renown  by  deeds  of  blood,  but  fadeless  glory  has  come  to 
William  Penn  by  charity. 


CHAPTER  IX. 

Sn;  William   Keith,  1717-25— Patbich  Gordon,  1728-86— James  Looan,  1738-38 
— George  Thomas.  1788-47— Anthony.   Palmer,  1747-48— James  Hamilton, 

174H-54. 

IN  1712,  Penn  had  made  a  will,  by  which  he  devised  to  his  only  surviving 
sou,  William,  by  his  tirst  marriage,  all  his  estates  in  England,  amounting 
to  some  twenty  thousand  pounds.  By  his  first  wife,  Gulielma  Maria  Springett, 
he  had  issue  of  three  sous — William,  Springett  and  William,  and  four  daugh- 
ters— Gulielma.  Margaret,  Gulielma  and  Letitia;  and  by  his  second  wife, 
Hannah  Oallowhill,  of  four  sons — John,  Thomas,  Richard  and  Dennis.  To 
his  wife  Hannah,  who  survived  him,  and  whom  he  made  the  sole  executrix  of 
his  will,  hi'  gave,  for  the  equal  benefit  of  herself  and  her  children,  all  his 
personal  estate  in  Pennsylvania  and  elsewhere,  after  paying  all  debts,  and 
alloting  ten  thousand  acres  of  land  in  the  Province  to  his  daughter  Letitia,  by 
his  first  marriage,  and  each  of  the  three  children  of  his  son  William. 

Doubts  having  arisen  as  t  i  the  force  of  the  provisions  of  this  will,  it  was 
finally  determined  to  institute  a  suit  in  chancery  for  its  determination.  Before 
a  decision  wa-  reached,  iu  March.  1720.  William  Penn,  Jr.,  died,  and  while 
still  pending,  his  son  Springett  died  also.  During  the  long  pendency  of  this 
litigation  for  nine  years.  Hannah  Penn,  as  executrix  of  the  will,  assumed  the 
proprietary  powers,  issued  instructions  to  her  Lieutenant  Governors,  heard 
complaints  and  settled  difficulties  with  the  skill  and  the  assurance  of  a  veteran 
diplomatist.      In  1727.  a  decision  was  reached  that,  upon  the  death  of    William 

Penn,  Jr.,  and  his  sod  Springett,  the  proprietary  rights  in  Pennsylvania  de- 
scended to  the  three  surviving  sons — John.  Thomas  and  Richard — issue  by  the 
second  marriage;  and  thai  the  proprietors  bargain  to  sell  his  province  to  the 
crown  for  twelve  thousand  pound-,  made  in  1712,  and  on  which  one  thousand 
pounds  had  been  paid  at  the  confirmation  of  the  sale,  was  void.  Whereupon 
the  three  sons  became  the  joint  proprietors. 

A  year  before  the  death  of  Penn,  the  lunacy  of  Gov.  Gookin  having  be 
come  troublesome,  he  was  succeeded  in  the  Government  by  Sir  William  Keith. 
Oman  who  had  serve. I  as  Surveyor  of  Customs  to  the  English  Govern 
ment.  in  which  capacity  he  had  visited  Pennsylvania  previously,  and  knew 
something  of  its  condition.  He  was  a  man  of  dignified  and  commanding 
bearing,  endowed  with  cunning,  of  an  accommdating  policy,  full  of  faithfu 
promises,  and  usually  found  upon  the  stronger  side.  Hence,  upon  hi; 
arrival    in    the   colony,    he   did     not    summon    the    Assembly     immediate!; 


76  HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

assigning  as  a  reason  in  his  first  message  that  he  did  not  wish  to  inconvenience 
the  country  members  by  calling  them  in  harvest  time.  The  disposition  thus 
manifested  to  favor  the  people,  and  his  advocacy  of  popular  rights  on  several 
occasions  in  opposition  to  the  claims  of  the  proprietor,  gave  great  satisfaction 
to  the  popular  branch  of  the  Legislature  which  manifested  its  appreciation  ot 
his  conduct  bv  voting  him  liberal  salaries,  which  had  often  been  withheld  from 
his  less  accommodating  predecessors.  By  his  artful  and  insinuating  policy, 
he  induced  the  Assembly  to  pass  two  acts  which  had  previously  met  with  un- 
compromising  opposition— one  to  establish  a  Court  of  Equity,  with  himself  as 
Chancellor,  the  want  of  which  had  been  seriously  felt;  and  another,  for  organ- 
izing the  militia.  Though  the  soil  was  fruitful  and  produce  was  plentiful, 
yet  "for  lack  of  good  markets,  and  on  account  of  the  meagerness  of  the  cir- 
culating medium,  prices  were  very  low,  the  toil  and  sweat  of  the  husbandman 
beincr  little  rewarded,  and  the  taxes  and  payments  on  land  were  met  with  great 
difficulty  Accordingly,  arrangements"'were  made  for  the  appointment  of  in- 
spectors of  provisions,  who,  from  a  conscientious  discharge  of  duty,  soon 
caused  the  Pennsylvania  brands  of  best  products  to  be  much  sought  for,  and 
to  command  ready  sale  at  highest  prices  in  the  West  Indies,  whither  most  of 
the  surplus  produce  was  exported.  A  provision  was  also  made  for  the  issue  ot 
a  limited  amount  of  paper  money,  on  the  establishment  of  ample  securities, 
which  tended  to  raise  the  value  of  the  products  of  the  soil  and  <h  manufact- 
ures, and  encourage  industry. 

By  the  repeated  notices  of  the  Governors    in  their  messages  to  the  Legis- 
lature previous  to  this  time,  it  is  evident  that  Indian  hostilities  had  for  some- 
time been    threatened.      The    Potomac   was    the    dividing    line    between    the 
Northern  and  Southern  Indians.     But  the  young  men  on  either  side,  when  ojh 
in  pursuit  of  game,  often  crossed  the  line  of  the  river  into  the  territory  of  the 
other     when    fierce    altercations    ensued.      This     trouble    had     become     so 
violent    in    1719    as    to    threaten    a    great   Indian    war,  in    which    the    pow- 
erful   confederation,    known    as    the    Five     Nations,    would    take    a    hand. 
To    avert    this    danger,    which    it    was    foreseen    would    inevitably    involve 
the  defenseless  familes  upon    the  frontier,  and  perhaps  the  entire   colony, 
Gov    Keith  determined  to  use    his    best    exertions.     He    accordingly  made 
a  toilsome  journey   in  the  spring  of  1721   to  confer  with  the  Governor  of 
Virginia  and  endeavor  to  employ  by  concert  of  action  such  means  as  would 
allay  further  cause  of  contention.      His  policy  was  well  devised   and  enlisted 
the  favor  of  the  Governor.     Soon  after  his  return,  he  summoned  a  council  of 
Indian  Chieftains  to  meet  him  at  Coaestoga,  a  point  about  seventy  miles  west 
of-  Philadelphia.      He  went  in  considerable  pomp,  attended  by  some  seventy 
or    eighty  horsemen,   gaily  caparisoned,   and  many  of  them    armed   arriving 
about  noon,  on  the  4th  of  July,  not  then  a  day  of  more  note  than  other  days. 
He  went  immediately  to  Capt.  Civility's  cabin,  where  were    assembled  four 
deputies  of  the  Five  Nations  and  representatives  of  other  tribes.      Ihe  Gov- 
ernor said  that  he  had  come  a  long  distance  from  home  to  see  and  speak  to 
representatives  of  the  Five  Nations,  who  had  never  met  the  Governor  of  Penn^ 
sylvania.      They  said  in  reply  that  they  had  heard  much  of  the  Governor,  and 
would  have  come  sooner  to  pay  him  their  respects,  but  that  the  wild  conducts 
some  of  their  young  men  had  made  them  ashamed  to  show  their  faces       In  tne 
formal  meeting  in  the  morning,  Ghesaont,  chief  of  the  Senecas,  spoke  iot  all 
the  Five  Nations.      He  said  that  they  now  felt  that  they  were  speaking  to  the 
same  effect  that  they  would  were  William  Penn  before  them,  that  they  had  not 
forgotten  Penn,  nor  the  treaties  made  with  him,  and  the  good  advice  he  gave 
them;  that  though  they  could  not  write  as  do  the  English,  yet  they  could  keep 


RI8T0RY  OF  rrw-vi.v  \\i  \  ,7 

ail  thee  b  i"  their  memories     After  laying  down  a  beU  of 

irampam  upon  the  table  us  if  by  way  of  emphasis,  be  began  again,  d« 
thai  ■•.ill  ill. mi-  disorders  aro  b  from  the  one  oi  rum  and  strong  spirits,  which 
t,><ik  away  tbi  d  memory,  thai  they  bad  no  snob  liquors,"  and  desired 

in.>r<-  be  Bent  among  them.  Here  he  produoed  a  bundle  of  dressed 
skins,  by  which  be  would  say.  "'you  see  how  much  in  earnest  we  are  upon  this 
matter  of  furnishing  fiery  liquors  to  us."*     Then  he  proceeds,  declaring  thai 

e  Nations  remember  all  their  ancient  treaties,  and  they  now  desire  that 
the  chain  of  friendship  maj  be  made  so  strong  thai  none  of  the  links  may 
Brer  be  broken  This  may  haw  been  a  hint  that  they  wanted  high  piled 
and  valuable  presents;  for  the  Quakers  had  made  a  reputation  of  brightening 
and  strengthening  the  chain  of  friendship  by  valuable  presents  which   bad 

1  so  far  away  as  the  Five  Nations.  He  then  produces  a  bundle  of  raw 
skins,  and  observes  "thai  a  chain  may  oontraot  rust  with  laying  and  I 

.  wherefore,   be  desires  it   may  ndw  be  bo  well  cleaned  as  to  remain 
ter  and  stronger  than  over  it  was  before."      Here  ho  presents  another  par- 
cel of  skins,  and  continues,   "that  as  in  the  firmament,  all  clouds  and  dark- 
ness are  removed  bom  the  face  of  the  sun,  so  the]  desire  that  all  misunder- 
standings maj  be  full]  done  away,  so  that  when  (hoy,  who  are  now  hero,  shall 
be  dead  and  gone,  their  whole  people,  with  their  children  and  posterity,  m 
joy  the  clear  sunshine  with  us  forever."       Presenting  another  bundle  oi   skins, 
be"  says,  "that,  looking  upon  the  Governor  as  if  William  Perm  were  pi 
they  desire,  that,  in  case  any  disorders  should  hereafter  happen  between  their 
TOUng  people  and  ours,  we  would  not  be  too  hasty  in   resenting  any  such  acoi 
dent,  until  their  Council  and  ours  can  have  irtunity  to  treat  amicably 

upon  it,  and  so  to  adjust  all  matters,  as  that  the  friendship  between  us  may 
-till  ho  inviolably  preserved."  Here  he  produces  a  small  parcel  of  dressed 
skins,  and  concludes  by  saying  "that  we  may  now  be  together  as  one  people, 
treating  one  another's  children  kindly  and  affectionately,  that  they  are  fully 
empow.  '  :ik  for  the  Five  Nations,  and  they  look  upon  the  Gova 

the  representative  of  the  Great  King  of  England,  and  therefore  they  expect 
that  everything  now  stipulated  will  be  made  absolutely  firm  and  good  on  both 
-eles  "  And  now  he  presents  a  different  stylo  of  present  and  pulls  out  a 
bundle  of  bearskins,  and  proceed- to  put  in  an  item  of  complaint,  that  "they 
get  too  little  for  their  skins  and  furs.-,  that  they  cannot  live  by  hunting ; 
they  desire  us,  therefore,  to  take  compassion  on  them,  and  contrive  some  way 
t  >  help  them  in  that  particular.  Then  producing  a  few  furs,  lie  -peak-  only 
for  himself,  "to  acquaint  the  Governor,  that  the  Five  Nations  having  heard 
that  the  Governor  of  Virginia  wanted  to  speak  with  them,  he  himself,  with 
some  of  his  company  intended  to  proceed  to  Virginia,  but  do  not  know  the 
way  how  to  get  safe  thither." 

To  this  formal  and  adroitly  conceived  speech  of  the  XoDeea  chief,  Gov. 
Keith,  after  having  brought  m  the  present  of  Btroud  match  coats,  gunpowder, 
lead,  biscuit,  pipes  and  tobacco,  adjourned  the  council  till  the  following  day, 
when,  being  assembled  at  Concstoga.  he  answered  at  length  the  items  of  the 
chieftain's  speech.  His  most  earnest  appeal,  however,  was  made  in  favor  of 
"I  nave  persuaded  all  my  |  Indian]  brethren,  in  these  parts,  to  con- 
sider what  is  for  their  good,  and  not  to  go  out  any  more  to  war  ;  but  your 
young  men  [Five  Nations]  as  they  come  this  way.  endeavor  to  force  them  ; 
and,  because  they  incline  to  the  counsels  of  peace,  and  the  good  advice  of  their 
true  friends,  your  people  use  them  ill,  and  often  prevail  with  thom  to  go  out 
to  their  own  destruction.  Thus  it  was  that  their  town  of  (Jonestoga  lost  their 
good  king  not  long  ago.     Their  young  children   are  left  without   parents  ; 


•jg  HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

their  wives  without  husbands  ;  the  old  men,  contrary  to  the  course  of  nature 
mourn  the  death  of  their  young  ;  the  people  decay  and  grow  weak  ;  we  lose 
our  dear  friends  and  are  afflicted.  Surely  you  cannot  propose  to  get  e,  toe 
riches,  or  possessions,  by  going  thus  out  to  war  ;  for  when  you  kill  a  deei,  you 
have  the  flesh  to  eat,  and  the  skin  to  sell  ;  but  when  you  return  from  war  you 
brin^  nothing  home,  but  the  scalp  of  a  dead  man,  who  perhaps  was  husband 
to  a  kind  wife,  and  father  to  tender  children,  who  never  wronged  you,  though 
by  losing  him,  you  have  robbed  them  of  their  help  and  protection,  and  at  toe 
same  time  got  nothing  by  it.  If  I  were  not  your  friend,  I  would  not  take  the 
trouble  to  say  all  these  things  to  you."  When  the  Governor  had  concluded 
£s  address,  he  called  the  Senaea  chieftain  (Ghesaont)  to  rum,  and  presented  a 
gold  coronation  medal  of  King  George  I,  which  he  requested  sh ould  be  aken 
to  the  monarch  of  the  Five  Nations,  "  Kannygooah,"  to  be  laid  *p  a^  kept. » 
a  token  to  our  children's  children,  that  an  entire  and  las tmg  friendship  ^ s  no w 
established  forever  between  the  English  in  this  country  and  the  great  Five 
Nations  "  Upon  the  return  of  the  Governor,  he  was  met  at  the  uppei  ferry  of 
the  SchuvlkilL  bv  the  Mayor  and  Aldermen  of  the  city,  with  about  two  hun- 
ared  horse  and  conducted [through  the  streets  after  the  manner  of  a  conqueror 
of  old  returning  from  the  scenes  of  his  triumphs. 

Gov  Keith  gave  diligent  study  to  the  subject  of  finance  regulating  the 
currency  in  such  a  way  that  the  planter  should  have  it  in  his  power  to  dis- 
charge Promptly  his  indebtedness  to  the  merchant,  that  their  mutual  interests 
might  thus  be  subserved.  He  even  proposed  to  establish  a  <«rt«Ue  setth, 
ment  on  his  own  account  in  the  colony,  in  order  to  carry  on  manufactures  and 
tons  consume  the  grain,  of  which  there  was  at  this  time  abundance,  and  no 

^In^spSgTll^,  an  Indian  was  barbarously  murdered  within  the 
lim£  of  the  colSny,  which  gave  the  Governor  great  concern^  After  having 
cautioned  red  men  so  strongly  about  keeping  the  peace,  he  felt  that  to ^honor 
of  himself  and  all  his  people  was  compromised  by  this  vile  act  He  immedi 
a  ely  commissioned  James  Logan  and  John  French  to  go  to  the  scene  of  the 
mSer  Tove  Conestoga,  and  inquire  into  the  facts  of  the  case .quick ly  app^ 
hended  the  supposed  murderers,  sent  a  fast  Indian  runner  (Satcheecno),  to 
acquafnt  toe Xe  Nations  with  his  sorrow  for  the  act,  and  of  determination 
to  brin-  the  guilty  parties  to  justice,  and  himself  set  out  with  three  of  bis 
Council  (Hill  Norris  and  Hamilton),  for  Albany,  where  he  had  been  invited 
?y°toe  Indians  for  a  conference  with  the  Governors  of  all  toe  ponies  and 
where  he  met  the  chiefs  of  the  Five  Nations  and  treated with  chem  upon  the 
subject  of  the  murder,  besides  making  presents  to  the  Indians.  It  was  on  thi= 
occasion  that  the  grand  sachem  of  this  great  confederacy  made  that  noble, 
and Generous  and  touching  response,  so  different  from  the  spirit  o  revenge 
gener  Hy  attributed  to  the°IndiL  character.  It  is  a  notable  exampW  love 
that  begets  love,  and  of  the  mild  answer  that  turneth  away  wrath.  He _sa £ 
"  The  Sreat  king  of  the  Five  Nations  is  sorry  for  the  death  of  the  Ind  lan 
toatwa^s  killed,  for  he  was  of  his  own  flesh  and  blood.  He  believes^ tha t  the 
Governor  is  also  sorry,  but,  now  that  it  is  done,  there  i  it  Mp  foi  £  and 
he  desires  that  Cartlidge  [the  murderer]  may  not  be  put  to  death,  nor ^that  he 
should  be  spared  for  a  time,  and  afterward  executed  ;  one  life  is  enough  „o  be 
tT;  therrshotVnot  two  die.  The  King's  heart  is  good  to  the  Governor  and 
all  the  English."  ,  ._ 

Though  Gov.  Keith,  during  the  early  part  of  his  term,  pursued  a  pacifi, 
policy  yet  the  interminable  quarrels  which  had  been  kept  up  between  toe^ 
sernbly  and  Council  during  previous  administrations,  at  length  broke  out  witu 


^>m^ 


HISTORY  OF  PBNNSYLv  i\i  \.  81 

mora  virulence  than  over,  and  he  who  in  the  fin!  flush  of  power  bad  declared 

"That  he  should  pass  DO  laws,  nor  transact  anything  of  mom»ul  'flat i n^  to 
the  public  affaire  without  the  advioe  and  approbation  of  the  Oounoil,"  took  it 
apon himself  finally  to  act  independently  of  the  Council,  and  ovon  went  bo 
far  as  to  dismiss  the  able  and  trusted  representative  of  the  proprietary  inter 
sets,  James  Logan,  President  of  the  Council  and  Secretary  of  the  Province, 
from  the  duties  of  his  high  office,  and  oven  refused  the  request  of  Hannah 
Penn,  th<>  real  Governor  of  the  province,  to  re-in9tate  him.  This  unwarranta- 
ble  conduct  cost  him  his  dismissal  from  office  in  July,  17'Jt>.  Why  he  should 
have  assumed  so  headstrong  and  onwarrantable  a  coarse,  who  had  promised  at 
~i  mild  and  considerate  a  polioy,  it  is  difficult  to  understand,  unless  it 
be  the  fact  that  he  found  that  the  Council  was  blocking,  by  its  obstinacy, 
wholesome  legislation,  which  he  considered  of  vital  importance  to  the  pros- 
perity of  the  colony,  and  if,  as  he  alleges,  he  found  that  the  new  constitution 
only  gave  the  Council  advisory  and  not  a  voice  in  executive  power. 

The  administration  of  Gov.  Keith  was  eminently  successful,  as  he  did  not 
■  to  grapple  with  important  questions  of  judicature,  finance,  trade, 
Commerce,  and  the  many  vexing  relations  with  the  native  tribes,  and  right 
manfully,  and  judiciously  did  be  effect  their  solution.  It  was  at  a  time  when 
lony  was  tilling  up  rapidly,  and  the  laws  and  regulations  whiohhad  been 
found  ample  for  the  management  of  a  few  hundred  families  struggling  for  a 
foothold  in  the  forest,  and  when  the  only  traffic  was  a  few  skins,  were  entirely 
inadequate  for  securing  protection  and  prosperity  to  a  Beething  and  jostling 
population  intent  on  trade  and  commerce,  and  the  conflicting  interests  which 
required  wise  legislation  and  prudent  management.  No  colony  on  the  Ameri- 
can coast  made  such  progress  in  numbers  and  improvement  as  did  Pennsylvania 
daring  the  nine  year-  iii  which  William  Keith  exercised  tho  Gubernatorial 
office.  Though  not  himself  a  Quaker,  lie  had  secured  the  passage  of  an  act  of 
Assembly,  and  its  royal  affirmation  for  allowing  the  members  of  the  Quaker 
sect  to  wear  their  bats  in  court,  and  give  testimony  under  affirmation  instead 
of  oath,  which  iu  tic  beginning  of  the  reign  of  Queen  Anno  had  been  with- 
held from  them.      After   the   e\piration   of   his  term  of   office,  he  was   iim li 

ately  elected  a  member  of  the  Assembly,  and  was  intent  on  being  elected 
Speaker,  "and  had  his  support  out-doors  in  a  cavalcade  of  eighty  mounted 
horsemen  and  the  resounding  of  many  guns  tired;"  yet  David  Lloyd  was 
elected  with  only  three  dissenting  voices,  the  out  door  business  having  perhaps 
been  overdone. 

I  pon  tin*1  recommendation  of  Spriugett  Penn.  who  was  now  tho  prospective 
heir  to  Pennsylvania,  Patrick  Gordon  was  appointed  and  confirmed  Lieutenant 
Governor  in  place  of  Keith,  and  arrived  in  the  colony  and  assumed  authority 
m  July,  IT'Jt).  Ho  had  served  in  the  army,  and  in  his  first  address  to  the 
assembly,  which  he  met  in  August,  he  said  that  as  ho  had  been  a  soldier;  he 
knew  nothing  of  the  crooked  ways  of  professed  politicians,  and  must  rely  on  a 
-tr  lightforward  manner  of  transact  ing  the  duties  devolving  upon  him.  I  ieorge 
I  died  in  June.  17'iT.  and  the  Assembly  at  its  meeting  in  October  prepared 

and  forwarded  a  congratulatory  address  to  his  btj ssor,   George  II.     By  the 

decision  of  the  Court  of  Chancery  in  1727,  Hannah  Penn's  authority  over  the 
colony  was  at  an  ond,  the  proprietary  inl  ing  descended  to  John, 

Richard  and  Thomas  Penn,   the  only  surviving  sous  ..f   William   Penn,   Sr. 
This  period,  from  the  death  of  Penn  in    1718  to  1727,  one  of  the  mosl 
parous  m  the  history  of  the  colony,  was  familiarly  known  as  the  "  lieign  of 
h  and  tho  1; 

Ion  found  the  Indian  troubles  claiming  a  considerable  part 


82  HISTORY  OF-  PENNSYLVANIA. 

t-  Tr,  1 798    worthless  bands,  who  had  strayed  away  from  their  proper 

CUltfS'      i     ac  17«    the  French    who  were  claiming  all  the  territory  drained 

ElSrito  meet  1»  «o»«il  a.  Ph.tad.lpU.,  to  •"-Jjf^, °UEl£& 
'"S^fKSS'im  w^Ck^bly,  supposing  that  a,  pro. 

„  .  ^££^^£££^^  years  later,  John  Penn, 
thet  dl2  and^^TmericL  bofn,  arrived  in  the  Proving,  ^d  were  r. 
ceived  with  every  mark  „f  respect  ^+£££j£tf&£ZZ  to  have 
the  latter,  news  was  brought  that  ^oldBa™^  test  ^s  made  against 

the  Provinces  transfened  to  has  colony.     A  Mg^ Potest  «otest 

this  by  Quakers  in  ^ England  *£**  S^^ngto*  to  defend  the 
might  prove  ineffectual,  Joh°  ^e"°  Jer^in  returned,  he  having  died  a  bach- 

P[°^iel746nghtaAugUut  ^6  Gov  SoTdied,  deeply  lamented,  as  an 
•elor  in   K4o.       in   August,,  xiou,  «  ..iinraptnr  which  he  expressed 

tone*  upright  ««d  eta^Mfor.ard  aenutew, a^J'™ £  His  term 
«be  hope  he  would  be  able  to  Mmtor  wto  he  assumed  ..Uro     ^  ^^ 

'"irC.  f  resident  o,  th.^unriU nd  k«  "•^'j 

-t  SSSS   boX^iX^^*-  faster,  no. 


BIST0R1   OF  PENNS1  I.V.lMi  83 

lark  County.  A  number  of  settlers,  in  order  to  evade  the  paymenl  of  taxes, 
had  secured  titles  to  their  lands  from  Maryland,  and  afterward  sought  to  be 
reinstated  in  their  rights  under  Pennsj  Ivania  authority,  and  plead  protection 
the  latter.  The  Sheriff  of  the  adjoining  Maryland  County,  with  300 
follow-  '1  to  drive  these  settlers  from  their  homes.     On  hearing  of 

tins  movement,  Samuel  Smith,  Sheriff  of  Lancaster  County,  with  a  hastily eum- 
I  posse,  advanced  to  proteol  the  citizens  in  their  rights,     Without  a  con- 
tact.an  agreement  was  entered  into  bj  both  parties  to  retira     Soon  afterward, 
however,  a  band  of  fifty  Marylandexs  again  entered  the  state  with  the  design 
of  driving  out  the   settlers  anil  each    securing   for  himself    200    acres   of    land. 
They  were  led  by  one  Cressap.     The  settlers  made  resistance,  and  in  an  en- 
eounter,  one  of  them   bj  the   name  of   Kuowles  was  killed.     The  Sheriff  of 
Lancaster  again  advanced  with  a  posse,  and  in  a  skirmish  which  ensued  one 
f  the  invaders  was  killed,  and  the  leader  Cressap  was  wounded  and  taken 
prisoner.     The  Governor  of  Maryland  Bent  a  commission  to  Philadelphia  to 
demand  the  release  of  the  prisoner.     Not  succeeding  in  this,  ho  seized  four  of 
ttlers  and  incarcerated  them  in  the  jail  at    Baltimore.     Still   determined 
i  their    purpose,  a   party  of    .Marylanders,  under  the   leadership   of  one 
m,   advanced   into   Pennsylvania  and  began   a  warfare  upon  the 
Again  the  Sheriff  of  Lancaster  appeared  upon  the  scene,  and  drove 
OUt  the  invaders.      So   stubbornly  were  these   invasions   pushed   and   resented 
that  the  season  passed  without  planting  or  securing  the  usual  crops.      Finally 
a  party  of  sixteen  Marylanders,  led  by  Richard  Lowden,  broke  into  the  Lan- 
caster jail  and  liberated  the  .Maryland   prisoners.      Learning  of  these  disturb- 
ing in  Council  issued  an  order  restraining  both  parties  from   fur- 
ther acts  of  violence,  and  afterward  adopted  a  plan  of  settlement  of  the  vexed 
boundary  question, 

Though  not   legally  Governor,  Logan   managed   the  affairs  of  tbe  colony 

with  great  prudence  and  judgment,  as  he  had  done  and  continued  to  do  for  a 

period  of  nearly  a  half  century.      He  was  a  scholar  well    versed    in  the  ancient 

tgee  and  the  sciences,  and   published  several   learned  works  in  the  Latin 

His  Experimenta  Meletemata  ■'■    plantarum  generations,   written  in 

Latin,  was  published  at    Leyden  in  IT;!',',  and  afterward,  in   1747,  republished 

ion.  with  an  English  version  on  tbe  opposite  page  by  Dr.  J.  Fothergill. 

Another  work  of  his  in  Latinwas  also  published ai  Leyden, entitled,  ( 'anonum 

lis  refractionwn,  turn  rimpUcium  turn  in  lentibua  duplicum   foda, 

trationia  geometricae.     After  retiring  from  public  business,  lie  lived  at 

his  country  seat  at  Stenton,  near  Germantown,  whorohe  spent  his  time  among 

his  books  and  in  correspondence  with  the  literati  of   Europe.     In  bis  old  age 

he  made  an  English  translation  of  Cicero's  De  Senerlute,  which  was  printed  at 

Philadelphia  in    1714  with  a  preface  by  Benjamin  Eranklin,  then  rising   into 

notice.      Logan  was  a  Quaker,  of  Scotch  descent,  though  born  in  Ireland    and 

came  '"  '  the  ship  with  William  Penn,  in  his  second  visit  in   1609 

when  about  twenty  -five  years  old,  and  died  at  seventy-seven.     Hehadbeld  the 

offices  of  Chief  Commissioner  of  property,  Agent  for  the  purchase  and  sale  of 

lands.  Receiver  General,  Member  of  Council,  President  of  Council  and  Chief 

He  was  the  Confidential  Agent  of  Penn,  having  charge  of  all  his  vast 

estates,  making  sales  of  lands,  executing  conveyances,  and  making  collections. 

Amidst  all  tin-  great  cares  of  business  so  pressing  as  to  make  him  exclaim    "I 

know  not  what  any  of  the  comforts  of  life  are,"   he  found  time  to  devote  to  the 

delight.-  of  learning,  and  collected  a  large  library  of  standard  works,  which  he 

bequeathed,  at  his  death,  to  the  people  of  Pennsylvania,  and  is  known   as  the 

Loganiau  Library. 


g4  HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

George  Thomas,  a  planter  from  ^^™S^1^^ 
in  1737,  but  did  not  arrive  in  the  colony  till  th t°»°™n»  J  finall  a^eed 
was  to  settle  the  disorders  n  the  < ^^Z^l'JtotL  Governor  of" that 
that  settlers  from  either  colony  should  owe  £leW£  vided  for 

colony  wherever  settled,  until  the  d. vision  line  *  h  ^  P  j? 

was  surveyed  and  marked      War  was  declared  o n   t he  23d  ^  tQ  ^ 

between  Great  Britain  and  Spain^     Seemg  that  £  ^eavored  to  orgaa. 

encroached  upon  by  the  enemies  of  J"^*^,    f  ^  element,  and 

ize  the  militia,  but  the  majority  of  the  Assemb y  w  ^  ^  home 

it  could  not  be  induced  to  vote  monej.  ^^^^  were  quickly  formed, 
government  to  call  for  volunteers    and  wgb t  compa  ^  £  be  8ervants  for 

and  sent  down  for  the  coast  defense      Many ^ot  th        p  evangelist, 

whom  pay  was  demanded  and  hnall y  ^nfd"nreUgi^s  inferest  among  all 
Whitefield,  visited  the  co ^J^f  ^Vtte  Assembly,  Gov.  Thomas  en 
denominations.     In  his  farst  ^tercoiHse  gtubborn  8et  of  men  never  met 

deavored  to  coerce  it  to  his  views.     But ^a  more^ stuo  ^  time 

?n  a  deliberative   body  than  were  gathered  in  to     As sem    y  ^  ^ 

Finding  that  he  could  not  compel  action tc ^hs  mmd .b ^  7  ^  {n  mag. 
suited  their  views  and  decisions    Jhe  Assembl V,  been  withheld  be. 

nanimity,  voted  him  £1,500  arr ^9  °f  sa ^7.  J?  acts  sbould 

cause  he .would  not  approve  their  ^Sf^  'own  pay  In  March,  1744,  war 
take  precedence  of  appropna  ions    or  then  own  pay.  were  called 

was  declared  between  Great  Brita  »-f Jj™^  ^  their  own  expense, 
for,  and  10,000  men  were  JP^^1^™  Se  colony,  issued  a  pamph- 
Franklin,  ^cognizing  the  defenseless  conm  neCBssity  of  organ- 

let  entitled  Plain  Truth  in  ^^jff^fe^ed  Colonel  of  one  of  the 
ized  preparation  for  defense.      Franklin  was  elee  ^  ^  ^  of  May> 

regiments,  but  resigned  in  f  avor ^of  Airman. Lawre  ^  ^  ^^  the 

1747,  the  Governor  f^^^J^S  own  intention  to  retire  from 
oldest  of  the  proprietors,  to  the  Assemuiy  ™ 

hetities  of  ^office  on  account  of  ^^ndl  at  ^  ^ 

Anthony  Palmer   was  Pres.d en ;  of   the  Conn 0ll  at  t    intheAs. 

drawal  of  Gordon,  and  became  he Ac ting  Go  vexno^  £         ^  the  colony, 

sembly  held  that  it  was  he  ^fy^^Xs  and  become  responsible  for  their 
and  that  for  the  colony  to  call  ^f^™^^™  which  did  not  belong  to 
payment  was  burdening  the  people  w  th  an  expense  ^  ^ 

them,  and  which  the  crown  was  willing  to  ™e  ^  ^  en_ 

deeply  intent  on  securing  hrm  pos session  of  the  A li  PP         J     ^  ^ 

tire  basin,  even  to  the  summits  of  the  Alleghany  £     Rivers,      They 

busy  establishing  trading  posts  along  the  Ol"?  «£  *  »  ^  their  interests, 
empWed^n.oahartf^^m    ^imple^at   ^  ^  ^ 

giving  showy  presents  and  laboring  tu  u  di     9  0f  making  presents  of 

Pennsylvania  had  won  a  /eputotion  among the  M^n  steel  andiron,  the 
substantial  worth.      Not  knowing  the  d  fference    De  ^.^  ^ 

French  distributed  immense  "^^^gJSh  steel  axes.  The  Indians, 
natives  supposed  were  the  equal  of  the  best  M  vaiueless.     TJn- 

however,  soon  came  to  ^S^f^^.^  and  friendship,  the 

derstanding  the  Pennsylvania  methods  of  securm    P  „  ^ 

the  natives  became  very  artful  in  drawing  out  wel  P  tl£ea£ned  from  the 
government  at  this  time  was  alive  to  the  dange ™J  d  Weiserj  wa9 

insinuating  methods  of  the  French,      A  trusty ^ e^e         .  to.  ob9erve  the 

sent  among  the  Indians  in  the   wes torn  part  of  toa  p  ^  to 

plans  of  the  French,  ascertain  the  temper  01  m 


BISTORT  OF  h:vnsyi.v  \ma.  85 

magnify  the  power  of  the  Engli-h,  and  the  disposition  of  Pennsylvania  to  give 
great  presents.     This  latter  policy  bad  the  desired  effect,  and  worthless  and 

wandering  bands,  which  had  no  righl  to  speak  for  (he  tribe,  ramo teeming  in, 
deairons  ol  scouring  the  chain  of  friendship,  intimating  thai  the  French  were 
-  great  offers,  in  order  to  induce  the  government  to  large  liberality, 
until  this  "  brightening  the  chain,"  became  an  intolerable  nuisance.  At  asin- 
incil  held  at  Albany,  in  1717,  Pennsylvania  distributed  goods  to  the 
value  of  £1,000,  and  of  such  a  character  as  should  be  most  serviceable  to  the 
recipients,  nol  worthless  gew-gaws,  but  such  as  would  contribute  to  their  Last- 
ing oomfort  and  well  being,  a  protection  to  the  person  against  the  bitter  frosts 
of  winter,  and  Bustenanoe  thai  should  minister  to  the  steady  wants  of  the 
b  >  ly  and  alleviation  of  pain  in  time  of  sickness.  The  treaty  of  Aix-la-Cha- 
pelle,  which  was  conducted  on  the  1st  of  October,  1748,  secured  peace  between 
Ureal  Britain  and  France,  and  should  have  put  an  end  to  all  hostile  encoun- 
ter- between  their  representatives  on  the  American  continent.  Palmer  re- 
mained at  the  head  of  tin-  government  for  a  little  more  than  two  years.  He 
was  a  retired  merchant  from  the  West  Indies,  a  man  of  wealth,  and  had  come 
into  the  colony  in  L708.  He  lived  in  a  style  suited  to  a  gentleman,  kept  a 
coach  and  a  pleasure  barge. 

On  the  23d  of  November,  1748,  James  Hamilton  arrived  in  the  colony  from 
England,  bearing  the  commission  of  Lieutenant  Governor.  He  was  born  in 
America,  son  of  Andrew  Hamilton,  who  had  for  many  years  been  Speaker  of 
the  Assembly.  The  Indians  west  of  the  Susquehanna  had  complained  that  set- 
tlers had  come  upon  their  best  lands,  and  were  acquiring  titles  to  them,  where- 
as the  proprietors  had  never  purchased  these  lands  of  them,  and  had  no  claim 
to  them.  The  first  care  of  Hamilton  was  to  settle  these  disputes,  and  allay  the 
rising  excitement  of  the  natives.  Richard  Peters,  Secretary  of  the  colony,  a 
man  of  great  prudence  and  ability,  was  sent  in  company  with  the  Indian  in- 
terpreter, Conrad  Weiaer,  to  remove  the  intruders.  It  was  firmly  and  fear- 
lessly  done,  the  settlers  giving  up  their  tracts  and  the  cabins  which  they  had 
built,  and  accepting  lands  on  the  east  side  of  the  river.  The  hardship  was  in 
many  cases  great,  but  when  they  were  in  actual  need,  the  Secretary  gave 
money  and  placed  them  upon  lands  of  his  own,  having  secured  a  tract  of 
OOOof  acres. 

But  these  troubles  were  of  small  consequence  oompared  with  those  that 

were  threatening  from  the  West.      Though  the  treaty  of   A.ix  was  supposed  to 

have  settled  all  difficulties  between  the  two  courts,  the  French  were  determined 

ipy  the  whole  territory  drained  by  the  Mississippi,  which   they  claimed 

by  priority  of  discovery  by  La  Salle.    The  British  Ambassador  at  Paris  entered 

complaints  before  the  French  Court  that  encroachments  were  being  made  by 

the   Trench  upon  English  soil   in   America,  which   were  politely  heard,  and 

promises  made  of  restraining  the  French  in  Canada  from  encroaching  upon 

English  territory.     Formal  orders  were  sent  out  from  the  home  government  to 

ln~  effect;  but  at  the  same  time  secret  intimations  were  conveyed  to  them  that 

nduct  in  endeavoring  to  secure  and   hold  the  territory  in  dispute  was 

not  displeasing  to  the  government,  and  that  disobedience  of  these  orders  would 

Dot  incur  its  displeasure.     The  French  deemed  it  necessary,  in  order  to  eetab 

lish  a  legal  claim  to  the  country,  to  take  formal  possession  of  it.   Accordingly, 

the  Marquis  do  la  Galissoniere,  who  was  at  this  time  Governor  General  of 

Canada,  dispatched  ('apt.  Bienville  de  Celeron  with  a  party  of  215  French  and 

fifty-live    Indians,   to   publicly   proclaim  possession,   and    bury   at   prominent 

plates  of  lead  bearing  inscriptions  declaring  occupation  in  the  name  of 

.  h  King.     Celeron  started  on  the  15th  of  June,  174»,  from  La  Chine, 


gg  HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

following  the  southern  shores  of  Lakes  Ontario  and  Erie,  until  he  reached  a 
point  opposite  Lake  Chautauqua,  where  the  boats  were  drawn  up  and  were  taken 
bodUy  over  the  dividing  ridge,  a  distance  of  tea  miles,  with  all  he  tmpedunenta 
of  the7  expedition,  the  pioneers  havin  t  first  opened  a  road.  Following  on  down 
the  lake  and  the  Conewango  Creek,  they  arrived  at  Warren  near  the  confluence 
of  the  creek  with  the  Allegheny  River.  Here  the  first  plate  was  buried 
These  plates  were  eleven  inches  long,  seven  and  a  half  wide  and  one-eighth 
of  an  inch  thick.  The  inscription  was  in  French,  and  in  the  following  terms, 
as  ?LTy  translated  into  English:  "In  the  year  1749  of  the  reign  of  Lorn. 
XIV  King  of  France,  We  Celeron,  commander  of  a  detachment  sent  by 
Monsieur  the  Marquis  de  la  Galissoniere,  Governor  General  of  New  France, 
to  re-establish  tranquillity  in  some  Indian  villages  of  these  cantons,  have 
buried  this  plate  of  lead  at  the  confluence  of  the  Ohio  with  the  Chautauqua, 
this  29th  day  of  July,  near  the  River  Ohio,  otherwise  Bel  e  Ri™  as  a  mon- 
ument of  the  renewal  of  the  possession  we  have  taken  of  the  said  River  Ohio, 
and  of  all  those  which  empty  into  it,  and  of  all  the  lands  on  both  sides  as  far 
as  the  sources  of  the  said  river,  as  enjoyed  or  ought  to  have  been  enjoyed  by 
the  Kin-  of  France  preceding,  and  as  they  have  there  maintained  themselves 
by  arms°  and  by  treaties,  especially  those  of  Ryswick  Utrecht  and  Aix-la- 
Chapelle  »  The  burying  of  this  plate  was  attended  with  much  form  and  cer- 
emony All  the  men  and  officers  of  the  expedition  were  drawn  up  in  battle 
array,  when  the  Commander,  Celeron,  proclaimed  in  a  loud  voice,  -Vive  le 
Roi  '»  and  declared  that  possession  of  the  country  was  now  taken  in  the  name 
of  the  King.     A  plate  on  which  was  inscribed  the  arms  of  France  was  affixed 

to  the  nearest  tree.  ,  i„±„„    +v„ 

The  same  formality  was  observed  in  planting  each  of  the  other  plates,  the 
second  at  the  rock  known  as  the  "Indian  God,"  on  which  are  ancient  and  un- 
known inscriptions,  a  few  miles  below  Franklin,  a  third  at  the  mouth  of 
Wheelin*  Creek:  a  fourth  at  the  mouth  of  the  Muskingum;  a  fifth  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Great  Kanawha,  and  the  sixth  and  last  at  the  mouth  of  the  Great  Miami. 
Toilsomely  ascending  the  Miami  to  its  head- waters,  the  party  burned  their 
canoes,  and  obtained  ponies  for  the  march  across  the  portage  to  the  head-waters 
Tthe  Maumee,  down  which  and  by  Lakes  Erie  and  Ontario  they  returned 
to  Fort  Frontenac,  arriving  on  the  6th  of  November.  It  appears  that  the  In- 
dians through  whose  territory  they  passed  viewed  this  planting  of  plates  with 
great  suspicion.  By  some  means  they  got  possession  of  one  of  them,  gener- 
al supposed  to  have  been  stolen  from  the  party  at  the  very  commencement  of 
their  journey  from  the  mouth  of  the  Chautauqua  Creek. 

Mr  O  H.  Marshall,  in  an  excellent  monograph  upon  this  expedition  made 
up  from  the  original  manuscript  journal  of  Celeron  and  the  diary  of  Father 
Bonnecamps,  found  in  the  Department  de  la  Marine,  m  Fans,  gives  the  fol- 
lowing  account  of  this  stolen  plate: 

"The  first  of  the  leaden  plates  was  brought  to  the  attention  or  the  public 
by  Gov  George  Clinton  to  the  Lords  of  Trade  in  London  dated  New  York. 
December  19,  1750,  in  which  he  states  that  he  would  send  to  their  Lordslnps 
fn  two  or  three  weeks  a  plate  of  lead  full  of  writing  which  some  of  the  nppei 
nations  of  Indians  stole  from  Jean  Coeur,  the  French  interpreter  at  Niagara, 
on  hie  way  to  the  River  Ohio,  which  river,  and  all  the  lands  tnereabouts  hU 
French  claim,  as  will  appear  by  said  writing.  He  further  states  that  the  lead 
plate  gave  the  Indians  so  much  uneasiness  that  they  immediately  dispatched 
Jome  of  the  Cayuga  chiefs  to  him  with  it,  saying  that  their  only  reliance  was 
onhim  a7d  earnestly  begged  he  would  communicate  he  center, jto  k .them 
which  he  had  done,  much  to  their  satisfaction  and  the  interests  of  the  English. 


BI8T0R1   OF  PENN81  L\  ASIA.  87 

The  (taveamor  concludes  by  saying  tli.it  ' the  contents  of  the  plate  may  be  <<t 
gteal  importance  in  dealing  up  the  encroachments  whioh  the  French  have 
made  on  the  British  Empire  in  America.'  The  plate  was  delivered  to  Colonel, 
afterward  Sii  William  Johnson,  on  the  4th  of  December,  17r>u,  at  his  resi- 
dence on  the  .Mohawk.  h\  a  Cayuga  sachem,  who  accompanied  it  by  tho  follow- 
ing s] oh 

"« Brother  Corlear  and  War-ragh-i-ya-gheyl    1  am  sent,  hero  by  the 
Nations  with  a  piece  of  writing  winch  the  Seneoaa,  our  brethren,  go!  by  some 
artifice  from  Jean  Ooeur,  earnestly  beseeching  yon  will  lei   as  know  what  it 
means,  and  as  we  pni  all  our  confidence  in  you,  we  hope  you  will  explain  it 
ingeniously  to  us.' 

"Col  .lohnson  replied  to  the  sachem,  and  through  him  to  the  Five  Na- 
tion-, returning  a  bell  of  wampum,  and  explaining  the  inscription  on  the 
plate.  He  told  them  that  'it  was  a  matter  of  the  greatest  consequence,  involv- 
ing  the  possession  of  their  lauds  and  hunting  grounds,  and  that,  .lean  Coenr 
and  the  French  ought  immediately  to  be  expelled  from  the  Ohio  and  Niagara.' 
In  reply,  the  sachem  said  that  'he  had  heard  with  groat  attention  and  surprise 
theeubstaneeof  the  "devilish  writing  "he  had  brought,  and  that,  Col.  Johnson's 
remarks  were  fully  approved.'  He  promised  that  belts  from  each  of  the  Five 
Nations  should  be  sent  from  the  Seneca's  castle  to  the  Indians  at  the  Ohio,  to 
warn  and  strengthen  them  against  tho  French  encroachments  in  that  direc- 
tion." On  the  29th  of  January,  1751,  Clinton  sent  a  copy  of  this  inscription 
to  Gov.  Hamilton,  of  Pennsylvania 

The  French  followed  up  this  formal  act  of  possession  by  laying  out  a  line 
of  military  posts,  on  substantially  the  same  line  aa  that  pursued  by  the  Celo 
ron  expedition;  but  instead  of  crossing  over  to  Lake  Chautauqua,  they  kept 
on  down  to  Presquo  Isle  (now  Erie),  where  was  a  good  harbor,  where  a  fort 
was  established,  and  thenco  up  to  Le  Boeuf  (now  Water  ford),  where  another 
post  was  placed;  thence  down  the  Venango  River  (French  Creek)  to  its  month 
at  Franklin,  establishing  Fort  Venango  there;  thence  by  the  Allegheny  to 
Pittsburgh,  where  For)  I > i i  Quesne  was  seated,  and  so  on  down  the  Ohio. 

To  counteract  this  activity  of  the  French,  the  Ohio  Company  was  char- 
tered, and  a  half  million  of  acres  was  granted  by  the  crown,  to  be  selected 
mainly  on  the  south  side  of  the  Ohio,  between  the  Monongalia  and  Kanawha 
Rivers,  and  the  condition  made  that  settlements  (100  families  within  seven 
years),  protected  by  a  fort,  should  he  made.  The  company  consisted  of  a 
number  of  Virginia  and  .Maryland  gentlemen,  of  whom  Lawrence  Washington 
was  one.  and  Thomas  Banbury,  of  London. 

In  1752,  a  treaty  was  entered  into  with  the  Indians,  securing  tho  right  of 
occupancy,  and  twelve  families,  headed  by  ('apt.  Gist,  established  themselves 
Monongalia,  and  subsequently  commenced  the  erection  of  a  fort, 
where  the  city  of  Pittsburgh  now  is.  Apprised  of  this  intrusion  into  the 
very  hear!  of  the  territory  which  they  were  claiming,  the  French  built  a  fort 
at  Le  lioeuf.  and  strengthened  the  post  at  Franklin. 

rhese  proceedings  having  been  promptly  reported  to  Lieut.  Gov.  Dinwid- 
die,  of  Virginia,  where  the  greater  number  of  the  stockholders  of  tho  Ohio 
Company  resided,  he  determined  to  send  an  official  communication — protesting 
against  the  forcible  interference  with  their  chartered  rights,  granted  bv  the 
crown  of  Britain,  and  pointing  to  the  late  treaties  of  peace  entered  into  be- 
tween tl  and  French, whereby  it  was  agreed  thai  each  should  respect 
the  colonial  possessions  of  the  other— to  the  Commandant  of  the  French,  who 
had  his  headquarters  at  Fort  Le  Boeuf.  fifteen  miles  inland  from  tho  present 
site  of  the  city  of  Erie. 


gg  HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

But  who  should  be  the  messenger  to  execute  this  delicate  aud  responsible 
duty?  It  was  winter,  and  the  distance  to  be  traversed  was  some  500  miles 
through  an  unbroken  wilderness,  cut  by  rugged  mountain  chains  and  deep  and 
rapid  streams.  It  was  proposed  to  several,  who  declined,  and  was  tonally 
accepted  by  George  Washington,  a  youth  barely  twenty-one  years  old.  On 
the  last  day  of  November,  1753,  he  bade  adieu  to  civilization,  and  pushing  on 
through  the  forest  to  the  settlements  on  the  Monongalia,  where  he  was  pined 
by  Ca°pt.  Gist,  followed  up  the  Allegheny  to  Fort  Venango  (now  Franklin); 
thence  up  the  Venango  to  its  head-waters  at  Fort  Le  Boeuf,  where  he  held 
formal  conference  with  the  French  Commandant,  St.  Pierre.  The  French 
officer  had  been  ordered  to  hold  this  territory  on  the  score  of  the  dis- 
covery of  the  Mississippi  by  La  Salle,  and  he  had  no  discretion  but  to  execute 
his  orders,  and  referred  Washington  to  his  superior,  the  Governor  General  of 
Canada  Making  careful  notes  of  the  location  and  strengtn  of  the  post  and 
those  encountered  on  the  way.  the  young  embassador  returned  being  twice 
fired  at  on  his  journey  by  hostile  Indians,  and  near  losing  his  life  by  being 
thrown  into  the  freezing  waters  of  the  Allegheny.  Upon  his  arrival,  he  made 
a  full  report  of  the  embassage,  which  was  widely  published  in  this  country 
and  in  England,  and  was  doubtless  the  basis  upon  which  action  was  predicted 
that  eventuated  in  a  long  and  sanguinary  war,  which  finally  resulted  in  the 
expulsion  of  the  power  of  France  from  this  continent. 

Satisfied  that  the  French  were  determined  to  hold  the  territory  upon  the 
Ohio  by  force  of  arms,  a  body  of  150  men,  of  which  Washington  was  second 
in  command,  was  sent  to  the  support  of  the  settlers.      But  the  French,  having 
the  Allegheny  River  at  flood-tide  on  which  to  move,  and  Washington,  without 
means  of  transportation,  having  a  rugged  and  mountainous  country  to  over- 
come,    the  former  first  reached  the  point  of  destination.      Contracoeur,   the 
French  commander,  with  1,000  men  and  field  pieces  on  a  fleet  of  sixty  boats  and 
300  canoes,  dropped  down  the  Allegheny  and  easily  seized  the  fort  then  being 
constructed  by  the  Ohio  Company  at  its  mouth,  and  proceeded  to  erect  there 
an  elaborate  work  which   he  called  Fort  Du  Quesne,  alter  the  Governor  Gen- 
eral      Informed  of  this  proceeding,  Washington  pushed  forward,  and  finding 
that  a  detachment  of  the  French  was  in  his  immediate  neighborhood,  he  made 
a  forced  march  by  night,  and  coming  upon  them  unawares  ki  led  and  captured 
the  entire  party  save  one.      Ten  of  the  French,  including  their  commander, 
Jumonville,  were  killed,  and  twenty-one  made  prisoners.      Col.  Fry    the  com- 
mander of  the  Americans,  died  at  Will's  Creek,  where  the  command  devolved 
on  Washington.     Though  re-enforcements  had  been  dispatched  from  the  sev- 
eral colonies  in  response  to  the  urgent  appeals  of  Washington,  none  reached 
him  but  one  company  of  100  men  under  Capt.  Ma.kay  from  South  Carolina 
Knowing  that  he  was  confronting  a  vastly  superior  force  of  the  French    well 
supplied    with   artillery,    he  threw   up    works    at  a  point    called  the    Great 
Meadows,  which  he  characterizes  as  a  "charming  field  for  an  encounter      nam- 
ing his  hastily  built  fortification  Fort  Necessity.      Stung  by  the  loss  of  then- 
leader  the  French  came  out  in  strong  force  and  soon  invested  the  place.     Unfor- 
tunately  one  part  of  Washington's  position  was  easily  commanded  by  the  artil- 
lery of  the  French,  which  they  were  not  slow  in  taking  advantage  of.      The  ac- 
tion opened  on  the  3d  of  July,  and  was  continued  till  late  at  night.     A  capit- 
ulation was  proposed  by  the  French  commander,  which  Washington  reluctantly 
accepted,  seeing  all  hope  of  re-enforcements  reaching  him  cut  off,  and  on  the 
4th  of  July  marched  out  with  honors  of  war  and  fell  back  to  Fort  Cumberland. 
Gov  Hamilton  had  strongly  recommended.before  hostilities  opened,  that  the 
Assembly  should  provide  for  defense  and  establish  a  line  of  block -houses  along 


HI8T0BY  OP  PENNSYLVANIA.  s'-' 

the  frontier.  But  the  Assembly,  while  willing  to  vote  money  tor  baying  pence 
from  the  Indians,  and  contributions  t..  the  British  crown,  from  which  protec- 
tion was  claimed,  was  unwilling  to  contribute  directly  for  oven  defensive  war 
(are.  [n  a  single  year,  £8,000  were  voted  for  Indian  gratuities.  The  propria 
ton  „,.,-,  appealed  to  to  aid  in  bearing  this  burden,  lint,  while  they  were 
willing  to  contribute  liberally  for  defense,  they  would  give  Dothing  for  Indian 
gratuities.      They  sent  to  the  colony  cannon  to  the  value  of  £400. 

In  February,  1753,  John  Penn"  grandson  of  the  founder,  eon  of  Richard, 
arrived  in  the  oolony,  and  as  a  mark  of  respect  was  immediately  chosen  a  mem- 
ber  of  the  Council  and  made  its  President.  In  consequence  of  the  defeat  of 
A  ashington  al  Fort  Necessity,  Gov.  Hamilton  convened  the  Assembly  in  extra 
session  on  the  0th  of  August,  at  which  money  was  freely  voted;  but  owing  to 
the  instructions  given  by  the  proprietors  to  their  Deputy  Governor  not  to  sign 
any  money  bill  that  did  not  place  the  whole  of  the  interest  at  their  disposal, 
otion  of  the  Assembly  was  abortive. 

The  English  and  French  nations  made  strenuous  exertions  to  strengtnen 
their  forcesln  America  for  the  campaigns  sure  to  be  undertaken  in  1754  The 
French,  by  being  under  the  supreme  authority  of  one  governing  power,  the 
nor  General  of  Canada,  were  able  to  concentrate  and  bring  all  their 
p,,\ver  of  men  and  resource-,  to  bear  at  the  threatened  point  with  more  celerity 
and  certainty  than  the  English,  who  were  dependent  upon  colonies  scattered 
along  all  theses  board,  and  upon  Legislatures  penny-wise  in  voting  money. 
Ti  i  remedy  these  inconveniences,  the  English  Government  recommended  a  con- 
grese  of  all  the  colonies,  together  with  the  Six  Nations,  for  the  purpose  of  con- 
cert me  plans  for  efficient  defense.  This  Congress  met  on  the  19th  of  June, 
ITT.  t.  The  first  ever  convened  in  America.  The  Representatives  from  Pennsyl- 
vania were  John  Penn  and  Richard  Peters  for  the  Council,  and  Isaac  Norris 
and  Benjamin  Franklin  for  the  Assembly.  The  influence  of  the  powerful 
mind  of  Franklin  was  already  beginning  to  be  felt,  he  having  been  Clerk  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Assembly  Bince  1736,  and  since  1750  had  been  a  member. 
Heartily  sympathizing  with  the  movers  in  the  purposes  of  this  Congress,  he 
came  to  Albany  with  a  scheme  of  union  prepared,  which,  having  boon  pre- 
sented and  debated,  was,  on  the  10th  of  July,  adopted  substantially  as  it  came 
from  his  hands  It  provided  for  the  appointment  of  a  President  General  by 
the  Crown,  and  an  Assembly  of  forty-eight  members  to  be  chosen  by  the  sev- 
eral Colonial  Assemblies.  The  plan  was  rejected  by  both  parties  in  interest, 
the  King  considering  the  power  vested  in  the  representatives  of  the  people  too 
great  and  every  oolony  rejecting  it  because  the  President  General  was  given 
••  an  influence  greater  than  appeared  to  them  proper  in  a  plan  of  government 
intended  for  freemen." 


CHAPTER  X. 

Robert  II.  Morkis,  1754 56-  William  Df.nnv,  1756-59-jAMES  Hamilton.  1759-63. 

FINDING  himself  in  a  false  positiou  by  the  repugnant  instructions  of  the 
proprietors.  Gov.  Hamilton  had  given  notice  in  175:!,  that,  at  theendoi 
twelve  months  from  its  reception,  be  would  resign.  Accordingly  in  October, 
175  1.  he  was  succeeded  bv  Robert  Hunter  Morris,  son  o.  Lewis  Morris,  (  hid 
Justice  of  New  York  and  New  Jersey,  and  Governor  of  New  Jersey.     The  son 


90  HPTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

was  bred  a  lawyer,  and  was  for  twenty-six  years  Councilor,  and  twenty  Chief 
Justice  of  New  Jersey.  The  Assembly,  at  its  first  session,  voted  a  money  bill, 
for  £40,000,  but  not  having  the  proviso  required  by  the  proprietors,  it  was 
vetoed.  Determined  to  push  military  operations,  the  British  Government  had 
called  early  in  the  year  for  3,000  volunteers  from  Pennsylvania,  with  snbsis- 
tanee,  camp  equipage  and  transportation,  and  had  sent  two  regiments  of  the 
line,  under  Gen.  Braddock,  from  Cork,  Ireland.  Landing  at  Alexandria, 
Va.,  he  marched  to  Frederick,  Md.,  where,  finding  no  supplies  of 
transportation,  he  halted.  The  Assembly  of  Pennsylvania  had  voted  to  borrow 
£5,000,  on  its  own  account,  for  the  use  of  the  crown  in  prosecuting  the  cam- 
paign, and  had  sent  Franklin,  who  was  then  Postmaster  General  for  the  colo- 
nies, to  Braddock  to  aid  in  prosecuting  the  expedition.  Finding  that  the  army 
was  stopped  for  lack  of  transportation,  Franklin  returned  into  Pennsylvania, 
and  by  his  commanding  influence  soon  secured  the  necessary  wagons  and  beasts 
of  burden. 

Braddock  had  formed  extravagant  plans  for  his  campaign.  He  would 
march  forward  and  reduce  Fort  Du  Quesne,  thence  proceed  against  Fort  Ni- 
agara, which  having  conquered  he  would  close  a  season  of  triumphs  by  the 
capture  of  Fort  Frontignace.  But  this  is  not  the  first  time  in  warfare  that 
the  result  of  a  campaign  has  failed  to  realize  the  promises  of  the  manifesto. 
The  orders  brought  by  Braddock  giving  precedence  of  officers  of  the  line  over 
provincials  gave  offense,  and  Washington  among  others  threw  up  his  commis- 
sion; but  enamored  of  the  profession  of  arms,  he  accepted  a  position  offered 
him  by  Braddock  as  Aide  -de  camp.  Accustomed  to  the  discipline  of  military 
establishments  in  old,  long-settled  countries,  Braddock  had  little  conception  of 
making  war  in  a  wilderness  with  only  Indian  trails  to  move  upon,  and  against 
wily  savages.  Washington  had  advised  to  push  forward  with  pack  horses,  and, 
by  rapidity  of  movement,  forestall  ample  preparation.  But  Braddock  had  but 
one  way  of  soldiering,  and  where  roads  did  not  exist  for  wagons  he  stopped  to 
fell  the  forest  and  construct  bridges  over  streams.  The  French,  who  were 
kept  advised  of  every  movement,  made  ample  preparations  to  receive  him.  In 
the  meantime,  Washington  fell  sick;  but  intent  on  being  up  for  the  battle,  he 
hastened  forward  as  soon  as  sufficiently  recovered,  and  only  joined  the  army 
on  the  day  before  the  fatal  engagement.  He  had  never  seen  much  of  the  pride 
and  circumstance  of  war,  and  when,  on  the  morning  of  the  9th  of  July,  the 
army  of  Braddock  marched  on  across  the  Monongahela,  with  gay  colors  flying 
and  martial  music  awakening  the  echoes  of  the  forest,  he  was  accustomed  in 
after  years  to  speak  of  it  as  the  "most  magnificent  spectacle"  that  he  had  ever 
beheld.  But  the  gay  pageant  was  destined  to  be  of  short  duration;  for  the 
army  had  only  marched  a  little  distance  before  it  fell  into  an  ambuscade  skill- 
fully laid  by  the  French  and  Indians,  and  the  forest  resounded  with  the  un- 
earthly whoop  of  the  Indians,  and  the  continuous  roar  of  musketry.  The 
advance  was  checked  and  thrown  into  confusion  by  the  French  from  their  well- 
chosen  position,  and  every  tree  upon  the  flanks  of  the  long  drawn  out  line  con- 
cealed a  murderous  foe,  who  with  unerring  aim  picked  off  the  officers.  A  res- 
olute defense  was  made,  and  the  battle  raged  with  great  fury  for  three  hours; 
but  the  fire  of  the  English  was  ineffectual  because  directed  against  an  invisi- 
ble foe.  Finally,  the  mounted  officers  having  all  fallen,  killed  or  wounded, 
except  Washington,  being  left  without  leaders,  panic  seized  the  survivors  and 
"they  ran,"  says  Washington,  "before  the  French  and  English  like  sheep  be- 
fore dogs."  Of  1,460,  in  Braddock's  army,  456  were  killed,  and  421  wounded, 
a  greater  mortality,  in  proportion  to  the  number  engaged,  than  has  ever  oc- 
curred in  the  annals  of  modern  warfare.      Sir  Peter  Halkett  was  killed,  and 


HI8T0BV  OF  PENN81 1.\  \m a  91 

Braddook  mortal!]  wounded  and  brought  off  the  field  only  with  the  greatest 
difficulty.  When  Orme  and  Morris,  the  other  aids,  fell,  Washington  acted 
alone  with  the  greatest  gallantry.  In  writing  to  bis  brother, he  said:  "I  have 
been  protected  beyond  all  human  probability  or  expectation;  for  1  had  four 
bullets  throngh  my  coat,  and  two  horses  shot  under  me;  yet  I  escapod  unhurt. 
though  death  was  leveling  my  companions  on  every  sida"  In  after  years, 
when  Washington  visited  the  Great  Kanawha  country,  ho  was  approached  by 
an  Indian  chieftain  who  Baid  thai  in  thiB  battle  he  had  fired  his  rifle  many 
times  at  Washington  and  had  told  his  young  men  to  do  thosame;  but  when  he 
saw  that  his  bullets  had  no  apparent  effect,  ho  had  bidden  them  to  desist,  be- 
lieving that  the  Great  Spirit  was  protecting  him. 

The  panic  among  the  survivors  of  the  English  carried  them  back  upon  the 
reserve,  commanded  by  Gen.  Dunbar,  who  seems  himself  to  have  been  seized 
with  it,  and  without  attempting  to  renew  the  campaign  and  return  to  the  en- 
oonnter,  he  joined  in  the  flight  which  was  not  stayed  until  Fort  Cumberland 
was  reached.  The  French  were  anticipating  a  renewal  of  the  struggle;  but 
when  they  found  that  the  English  had  tied  leaving  the  frontier  all  unprotected, 
they  left'  no  stone  unturned  in  whetting  the  minds  of  the  savages  for  the 
work  of  plunder  and  blood,  and  in  organizing  relentless  bands  to  range  at 
will  along  all  the  wide  frontier.  The  Indians  could  not  bo  induced  to  pursue 
the  retreating  English,  but  fell  to  plundering  the  field.  Nearly  everything 
was  lost,  even  to  the  camp  chest  of  Braddook.  The  wounded  General  was 
taken  back  to  the  summit  of  Laurel  Hill,  where,  four  days  after,  he  breathed 
his  last  He  was  buried  in  the  middle  of  the  road,  and  the  army  marched 
over  his  grave  that  it  might  not  be  discovered  or  molested  by  the  natives 
The  eajy  victory,  won  chiefly  by  the  savages,  served  to  encourage  them  in 
their  fell  work,  in  which,  when  their  passions  were  aroused,  no  known  people 
on  earth  were  less  touched  by  pity.  The  unprotected  settler  in  his  wilder- 
ness  homo  was  the  easy  prey  of  the  torch  and  the  scalping  knife,  and  the  burn- 
ing  cabin  lit  up  the  somber  forests  by  their  continuous  blaze,  and  the  shrieks 
of  women  and  children  resounded  from  the  Hudson  to  the  far  Potomac  Be- 
fore the  defeat  of  Braddock,  there  were  3,000  men  capable  of  bearing  arms 
west  of  the  Susquehanna.      In  six  months  after,  there  were  scarcely  100. 

Gov.  Morns  made  an  earnest  appeal  to  the  Assembly  for  money  to  ward  off 
the  impending  enemy  and  protect  the  settlers,  in  response  to  which  the  As - 
semblv  voted  £50,000;  bnt  having  no  exemption  of  the  proprietor's  estates, 
ii  Was  rejected  by  the  Governor,  in  accordance  with  his  original  instructions. 
ExpeditionsnndertakenagainBtNovaScotiaand  at  Crown  Point  were  more  fortu- 
nate than  thai  before  DaQnesne,andthe  Assembly  voted  £15,000  in  bills  of  credit 
to  aid  in  defraying  the  expense.  The  proprietors  sent  £5,000  as  a  gratuity, 
not  as  any  part  of  expense  that  could  of  right  be  claimed  of  them. 

In  this  hour  of  extremity,  the  Indians  for  the  most  part  showed  themselves 
a  treacherous  race,  ever  ready  to  take  up  on  the  stronger  side      Even  the  Shaw- 

anese  and  Delawares,  who  had  I n  loudest  in  their  protestations  of  friendship 

(Ot  the  English  and  readiness  to  tight  for  them,  no  sooner  saw  the  French  vic- 
torious than  they  gave  ready  ear  to  their  advice  to  strike  for  the  recovery  of 
the  lands  which  they  had  sold  to  the  English. 

In  this  pressing  emergency,  while  the  Governor  and  Assembly  were  waging 
a  fruitless  war  of  words  over  money  bills,  the  pen  of  Franklin  was  busy  in  in- 
fusing a  wholesome  sentiment  in 'the  minds  of  the  people.  In  a  pamphlet 
that  he  issued,  which  he  put  in  the  familiar  form  of  a  dialogue,  heanswered  the 

objections  which    had    1 D    urged    to    a  legalized  militia,  and  willing  to  show 

his   devotion   by  deeds    as  well    as  words,  he   accepted  the   command  upon  the 


92  HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

frontier.  By  his  exertions,  a  respectable  force  was  raised,  and  though  in  the 
dead  of  winter,  he  commenced  the  erection  of  a  line  of  forts  and  block-houses 
along  the  whole  range  of  the  Kittatinny  Hills,  from  the  Delaware  to  the  Po- 
tomac, and  had  them  completed  and  garrisoned  with  a  body  sufficient  to  with- 
stand any  force  not  provided  with  artillery.  In  the  spring,  he  turned  over  the 
command  to  Col.  Clapham,  and  returning  to  Philadelphia  took  his  seat  in  the 
Assembly.  The  Governor  now  declared  war  against  the  Indians,  who  had  es- 
tablished their  headquarters  thirty  miles  above  Harris'  Ferry,  on  the  Susque- 
hanna, and  were  busy  in  their  work  of  robbery  and  devastation,  having  se- 
cured the  greater  portion  of  the  crops  of  the  previous  season  of  the  settlers 
whom  they  had  killed  or  driven  out.  The  peace  party  strongly  objected  to  the 
course  of  the  Governor,  and  voluntarily  going  among  the  Indians  induced 
them  to  bury  the  hatchet.  The  Assembly  which  met  in  May,  1756,  prepared  a 
bill  with  the  old  clause  for  taxing  the  proprietors,  as  any  other  citizens,  which 
the  Governor  was  forbidden  to  approve  by  his  instructions,  "and  the  two 
parties  were  sharpening  their  wits  for  another  wrangle  over  it,"  when  Gov. 
Morris  was  superseded  by  William  Denny,  who  arrived  in  the  colony  and  as- 
sumed authority  on  the  20th  of  August,  1756.  He  was  joyfully  and  cordially 
received,  escorted  through  the  streets  by  the  regiments  of  Frauklin  and  Duche\ 
and  royally  feasted  at  the  State  House. 

But  the  promise  of  efficient  legislation  was  broken  by  an  exhibition  of  the 
new  Governor's  instructions,  which  provided  that  every  bill  for  the  emission  of 
money  must  place  the  proceeds  at  the  joint  disposal  of  the  Governor  and  As- 
sembly; paper  currency  could  not  be  issued  in  excess  of  £40,000,  nor  could  ex- 
isting issues  be  confirmed  unless  proprietary  rents  were  paid  in  sterling 
money  ;  proprietary  lands  were  permitted  to  be  taxed  which  had  been  actually 
leased,  provided  that  the  taxes  were  paid  out  of  the  rents,  but  the  tax  could 
not  become  a  lien  upon  the  land.  In  the  first  Assembly,  the  contention  be- 
came as  acrimonious  as  ever. 

Previous  to  the  departure  of  Gov.  Morris,  as  a  retaliatory  act  he  had 
issued  a  proclamation  against  the  hostile  Indians,  providing  for  the  payment 
of  bounties:  For  every  male  Indian  enemy  above  twelve  years  old,  who  shall 
be  taken  prisoner  and  delivered  at  any  forts,  garrisoned  by  troops  in  pay 
of  this  province,  or  to  any  of  the  county  towns  to  the  keepers  of  the  common 
jails  there,  the  sum  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  Spanish  dollars  or  pieces  of  eight; 
for  the  scalp  of  every  male  Indian  above  the  age  of  twelve  years,  produced  as 
evidence  of  their  being  killed,  the  sum  of  one  hundred  and  thirty  pieces  of 
eight;  for  every  female  Indian  taken  prisoner  and  brought  in  as  aforesaid, 
and  for  every  male  Indian  under  the  age  of  twelve  years,  taken  and  brought 
in,  one  hundred  and  thirty  pieces  of  eight;  for  the  scalp  of  every  Indian 
woman  produced  as  evidence  of  their  being  killed,  the  sum  of  fifty  pieces  of 
eight."  Liberal  bounties  were  also  offered  for  the  delivering  up  of  settlers  who 
had  been  carried  away  captive. 

But  the  operation  which  had  the  most  wholesome  and  pacifying  effect  upon 
the  savages,  and  caused  them  to  stop  in  their  mad  career  and  consider  the 
chances  of  war  and  the  punishment  they  were  calling  down  upon  their  own 
heads,  though  executed  under  the  rule  of  Gov.  Denny,  was  planned  and 
provided  for,  and  was  really  a  part  of  the  aggressive  and  vigorous  policy  of 
Gov.  Morris.  In  response*  to  the  act  of  Assembly,  providing  for  the  calling 
out  and  organizing  the  militia,  twenty-five  companies  were  recruited,  and  had 
been  stationed  along  the  line  of  posts  that  had  been  established  for  the  defense 
of  the  frontiers.  At  Kittanning,  on  the  Allegheny  River,  the  Indians  had  one 
of  the  largest  of  their  towns  in  the  State,  and  was  a  recruiting  station  and 


BISTORT  OF  h.wsyi.v  LN1  \  9S 

rallying  \wm  for  Banding  oul  their  murderous  bands.  The  plan  proposed  and 
adopted  by  Gov.  Morris,  and  approved  and  aooepted  by  Gov.  Denny, 
was  ("  Bend  ou1  a  strong  detachment  from  the  militia  (or  the  reduction  of  this 
stronghold  Accordingly,  in  August,  1756,  OoL  Armstrong,  with  a  force  of 
three  hundred  nan,  mades  forced  march,  and,  arriving  anperoeived  in  the  neigh 
borhood  of  the  town,  sent  the  main  body  by  a  wide  detour  from  above,  toconie 
,,,  upon  the  river  a  fev,  hundred  yarda  below.  At  3  o'clock  on  the  morning  of 
the  7tb  of  September,  the  troops  had  gained  their  position  undiscovered,  ami 
at  .lawn  the  attack  was  made.  Shielded  from  view  by  the  tall  corn  winch  oov- 
wed  all  the  Bats,  the  troops  were  able  to  reach  inclose  proximity  to  the  cabins 
unobserved.  Jacobs,  the  chief.  Bounded  the  war  whoop,  and  made  a  stout  re- 
Bistanoe,  keeping  ap  a  rapid  tiro  from  the  loop  holes  in  his  cabin.  Nol  deair 
ing  to  push  his  advantage  to  the  issue  of  no  quarter,  Armstrong  called  on  the 
aavages  to  surrender;  bul  this  tbej  refused  to  do,  declaring  that  they  were 
1  would  never  be  prisoners.  Finding  that  they  would  not  yield,  and 
thai  they  were  determined  to  sell  their  live-  at  the  dearest  rate,  he  gave  orders 
to  tire  the  huts,  and  the  whole  town  was  soon  wrapt  in  names.  As  the  heal 
began  to  reach  the  warriors,  some  sun-,  while  wrung  with  the  death  agonies; 
others  broke  for  the  river  and  were  shot  down  as  they  tied.  Jacobs,  in  attempt- 
ing to  climb  through  a  window,  was  killed.  All  calls  for  surrender  were  re 
ceived  with  derision,  one  declaring  that  he  did  not  care  for  death,  and  i 
could  kill  four  or  live  before  he  died.  Gunpowder,  small  arms  and  valuable 
goods  which  had  been  distributed  to  them  only  the  day  before  by  the  I  i 
Fell  into  the  hands  of  the  victors.  The  triumph  was  complete,  few  if  am 
escaping  to  tell  the  sad  tale.  Col.  Armstrong's  oeleritj  of  movement  and 
well  conceived  and  executed  plan  of  action  were  publicly  acknowledged,  and 
he  was  voted  a  medal  and  r  late  by  the  city  of  Philadelphia. 

The    finances  of   the  colony,  on  account  of  the   repeated  failures  of  the 
monej  bills,  were  in  a  deplorable  condition.     Military  operations  could  not 
be  carried  on  and  rigorous  campaigns  prosecuted  without  ready  money.      \> 
cordingly,  in  the  first  meeting    .f   the   Assembly    after   the   arrival  of   the   new 

iot,  a  bill  was  passed  levying  £100,000  on  all  property  alike,  real  and 
personal,  private  and  proprietary.  This  Gov.  Denny  vetoed.  Seem-  that 
nionev  must  be  had,  the  Assembly' finally  passed  a  bill  exempting  the  proprie- 
tary estate-,  but  determined  to  las  their  grievances  before  the  Crown.  To 
this  e,,d,  two  Commissioners  were  appointed,  Isaac  Nonas  and  Benjamin 
Franklin,  to  proceed  to  England  and  beg  the  interference  of  the  royal  Gov 
emment  in  their  behalf.  Failing  health  and  business  engagements  of  Norris 
prevented  his  acceptance,  and  Franklin  proceeded  alone.  He  had  so  often  de- 
fended the   Assembly  in  public  and  in  drawing  remonstrance,  that  the  whole 

subject  was  at  his  fingers'  ends.  

Military  operations  throughout  the  colonies,  during  the   year    1757,  con 

:  under  the  command  of  the  Karl  of  Loudoun  were  sluggish,  and  resulted 
only  in  disaster  and  di-grace.  The  Indians  were  active  in  1'ennsylvauia,  and 
kepi  the  settlers  throughout  nearly  all  the  colonies  in  a  continual  ferment, 
hostile  bands  stealing  in  upon  the  defenseless  inhabitants  as  they  went  to 
their  plantings  and  sowings,  and  greatlj  interfering  with   or  prevontm 

the  raising  of  the  ordinary  crops.     In  1758,  Loudoun  was   recalled, 

and  Gen.  Abercrombie  was  given  chief  command,  with   Wolfe,  Amherst,  ami 

ordinates.      It    was  determined    to    direct  operations  simul- 

;sly  upon  three  points— Fort  Du  Quesne,  Louisburg  and  the  forts  upon 
the  freat  lakes.  Gen.  Forbes  commanded  the  forces  sent  against  Fort  Du 
Quesne.     With  a  detachment  of  royal  troops,  and  militia   from   Pennsylvania 


94  HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

and  Virginia,  under  command  of  Cols.  Bouquet  and  Washington,  his  column 
moved  in  July,  1758.  The  French  were  well  ordered  for  receiving  the  attack, 
and  the  battle  in  front  of  the  fort  raged  with  great  fury;  but  they  were  finally 
driven,  and  the  fort,  with  its  munitions,  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  victors,  and 
was  garrisoned  by  400  Pennsylvanians.  Returning,  Forbes  placed  his  remain- 
ing forces  in  barracks  at  Lancaster. 

Franklin,  upon  his  arrival  in  England,  presented  the  grievances  before  the 
proprietors,  and,  that  he  might  get  his  case  before  the  royal  advisers  and  the 
British  public,  wrote  frequent  articles  for  the  press,  and  issued  a  pamphlet 
entitled  "  Historical  Review  of  the  Constitution  and  Government  of  Pennsyl- 
vania." The  dispute  was  adroitly  managed  by  Franklin  before  the  Privy 
Council,  and  was  finally  decided  substantially  in  the  interest  of  the  Assem- 
bly. It  was  provided  that  the  proprietors'  estates  should  be  taxed,  but  that 
their  located  uncultivated  lands  should  be  assessed  as  low  as  the  lowest  uncul- 
tivated lands  of  the  settlers,  that  bills  issued  by  the  Assembly  should  be  re- 
ceivable in  payment  of  quit  rents,  and  that  the  Deputy  Governor  should  have 
a  voice  in  disposing  of  the  revenues.  Thus  was  a  vexed  question  of  loDg 
standing  finally  put  to  rest.  So  successfully  had  Franklin  managed  this  con- 
troversy that  the  colonies  of  Massachusetts,  Maryland  and  Georgia  appointed 
him  their  agent  in  England. 

In  October,  1759,  James  Hamilton  was  again  appointed  Governor,  in  place 
of  Gov.  Denny,  who  had  by  stress  of  circumstances  transcended  his  instruc- 
tions. The  British  Government,  considering  that  the  colonies  had  borne  more 
than  their  proportionate  expense  in  carrying  on  the  war  against  the  French 
and  Indians,  voted  £200,000  for  five  years,  to  be  divided  among  the  colonies, 
the  share  falling  to  Pennsylvania  being  £26,000.  On  the  25th  of  October, 
1760,  George  II  died,  and  was  succeeded  by  his  grandson,  George  III.  Early 
in  1762,  war  was  declared  between  Great  Britain  and  Spain,  but  was  of  short 
continuance,  peace  having  been  declared  in  November  following,  by  which 
Spain  and  France  relinquished  to  the  English  substantially  the  territory  east 
of  the  Mississippi.  The  wise  men  of  the  various  Indian  nations  inhabiting 
this  wide  territory  viewed  with  concern  this  sudden  expansion  of  English 
power,  fearing  that  they  would  eventually  be  pushed  from  their  hunting 
grounds  and  pleasant  haunts  by  the  rapidly  multiplying  pale  faces.  The  In- 
dians have  ever  been  noted  for  proceeding  against  an  enemy  secretly  and 
treacherously.  Believing  that  by  concerted  action  the  English  might  be  cut 
off  and  utterly  exterminated,  a  secret  league  was  entered  into  by  the  Shawa- 
nese  and  the  tribes  dwelling  along  the  Ohio  River,  under  the  leadership  of  a 
powerful  chieftain,  Pontiac,  by  which  swift  destruction  was  everywhere  to  be 
meted  out  to  the  white  man  upon  an  hour  of  an  appointed  day.  The  plan  was 
thoroughly  understood  by  the  red  men,  and  heartily  entered  into.  The  day 
dawned  and  the  blow  fell  in  May,  1763.  The  forts  at  Presque  Isle,  Le  Boeuf. 
Venango,  La  Ray,  St.  Joseph's,  Miamis,  Onaethtanon,  Sandusky  and  Michili- 
mackinack,  all  fell  before  the  unanticipated  attacks  of  tho  savages  who  were 
making  protestations  of  friendship,  and  the  garrisons  were  put  to  the  slaugh- 
ter. Fort  Pitt  (Du  Quesne),  Niagara  and  Detroit  alone,  of  all  this  line  of 
forts,  held  out.  Pontiac  iu  person  conducted  the  siege  of  Detroit,  which  he 
vigorously  pushed  from  May  until  October,  paying  his  warriors  with  promises 
written  on  bits  of  birch  bark,  which  he  subsequently  religiously  redeemed.  It  is 
an  evidence  of  his  gieat  power  that  he  could  unite  his  people  in  so  gen- 
eral and  secretly  kept  a  compact,  and  that  in  this  siege  of  Detroit  he  was  able 
to  hold  his  warriors  up  to  the  work  so  long  and  so  vigorously  even  after  all  hope 
of  success  must  have  reasonably  been  abandoned.     The  attack  fell  with  great 


HISTORY    OP  PENN8\  M  \M  \ 


95 


severity  upon  the  Pennsylvania  settlers,  and  thej  continued  to  be  driven  in 
until  Shippensbung,  in  Cumberland  County,  became  the  extreme  outpost  of 
civilization.  The  savages  stole  unawares  upon  the  laborers  in  the  fields,  or 
came  Btealthilj  in  at  the  midnigbl  hour  and  Bpared  aeither  trembling  age  nor 
helpless  infancy,  firing  houses,  burns,  crops  ami  even tiling  «-. .inline* it>lo. 
The  suffering  of  the  frontiersmen  in  this  fatal  year  can  scarcely  be  conceived. 
Col.  Armstrong  with  a  hastily  collected  force  advanced  upon  their  towns 
and  forts  al  Muncy  and  Great  Island,  which  ho  destroyed;  but  the  IndiiuiH 
eseaped  and  withdrew  before  him.  He  sent  a  detachment  under  OoL  Bouquet 
to  the  relief  of  Fori  Pitt,  which  still  held  out,  though  closely  invested  by  the 
dusky  warriors.  At  Fori  Ligonler,  Bouquel  halted  and  Bent  forward  thirty 
men,  who  stealthily  pushed  past  the  Indians  under  cover  of  night,  and  reached 
the  fort,  carrying  intelligence  that  succor  was-  at  hand.  Discovering  that  a 
foroe  was  advancing  upon  them,  the  Indians  turned  upon  the  troops  of  Bou- 
quet, and  before  lie  was  aware  that  an  enemy  was  near,  he  found  himself  sur- 
rounded and  all  means  of  escape  apparently  cut  off.  By  u  skillfully  laid 
ambuscade,  Bouquet,  Bending  a  small  detachment  to  steal  away  as  if  in  retreat, 
induced  the  Indians  to  follow,  and  when  stretched  out  in  pursuit,  the  main 
bodj  in  concealment  fell  upon  the  unsuspecting  savages,  and  routed  them  with 
immense  slaughter,  when  he  advanced  to  the  relief   of   the  fort  unchecked. 

As  we  have  already  Been,  the  boundary  line  between  Maryland  and  Penn- 
sylvania had  lorn,'  been  in  dispute,  and  had  occasioned  serious  disturbances 
among  the  Bettlers  in  the  lifetime  of  Penn,  and  repeatedly  since.  It  was  not 
definitely  settled  till  L760,  when  a  beginning  was  made  of  a  final  adjustment, 
though  bo  intricate  were  the  conditions  that  the  work  was  prosecuted  tor  seven 
years  b]  a  large  force  of  surveyors,  axmen  and  pioneers.  The  charter  of  Lord 
Baltimore  male  the  northern  boundary  of  Maryland  the  40th  degree  of  lati- 
tude; but  whether  the  beginning  or  end  of  the  10th  was  not  specified.  The 
charter  of  Penn,  which  was  subsequent,  made  his  southern  boundary  the 
B0of  the  10th  parallel.  If,  as  Lord  Baltimore  claimed,  his  northern 
boundary  was  the  end  of  the  10th,  then  the  city  of  Philadelphia  and  all  the 
settled  parts  of  Pennsylvania  would  have  been  included  in  Maryland.  If,  as 
Penn  claimed  by  express  terms  Of  hi-  charter,  hi-  southern  line  was  the  begin- 
I  the  10th,  then  the  city  of  Baltimore,  and  even  a  part  of  the  District  of 
Columbia,  including  nearly  the  whole  of  Maryland  would  have  been  swal- 
lowed up  by  Pennsylvania, '  It  was  e\  ident  to  the  royal  Council  that  neither 
claim  could' he  rightfully  allowed,  and  nence  resort  was  had  to  compromise. 
Penn  insisted  upon  free  communication  with  the  open  ocean  l>y  the 

Delaware  Bay.  Accordingly,  it  wasdecided  thai  beginningal  Cape  Henlopen, 
which  by  mistake  in  m  writing  the  nap-  was  tifteen  miles  below  the  present 
location",  opposite  Cape  May,  a  line  should  be  run  due  west  to  a  point  half  way 
between  this  cape  and  the  shore  of  Chesapeake  Bay;  from  this  point  "aline 
was  to  be  run  northerly  in  such  direction  that  it  Bhould  be  tangent  on  the  west 
side  to  a  circle  with  a  radius  of  twelve  miles,  whose  center  was  the  center  of 
the  court  house  at  New  Castle.  From  the  exact  tangent  point,  a  lino  was  to  be 
run  due  north  until  it  should  reach  a  point  tifteen  miles  south  on  the  parallel 
Of  latitude  of  the  most  southern  point  in  the  boundary  of  the  city  of  Phila- 
delphia, and  this  point  when  accurately  found  by  horizontal  measurement,  was 
t,,  he  the  corner  hound  between  Maryland  and  Pennsylvania,  and  subsequently, 
when  Delaware  was  set  off  from  Pennsylvania,  was  the  boundary  of  the  three 
States.  From  this  bound  a  line  was  to  be  run  due  west  live  degrees  of  longi 
hide  from  the  Delaware,  which  was  to  be  the  western  limit  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  the  line  thus  ascertained  was  to  mark  the  division  between  Maryland  and 


96  HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

Pennsylvania,  and  forever  settle  the  vexed  question.  If  the  due  north  line 
should  cut  any  part  of  the  circle  about  New  Castle,  the  slice  so  cut  should  be- 
long to  New  Castle.  Such  a  segment  was  cut.  This  plan  of  settlement  was 
entered  into  on  the  10th  of  May,  1732,  between  Thomas  and  Richard,  sons  of 
William  Penn,  on  the  one  part,  and  Charles,  Lord  Baltimore,  great  grandson 
of  the  patentee.  But  tho  actual  marking  of  the  boundaries  was  still  deferred, 
and  as  the  settlers  were  taking  out  patents  for  their  lands,  it  was  necessary 
that  it  should  be  definitely  known  in  which  State  the  lands  lay.  Accordingly, 
in  1739,  in  obedience  to  a  decree  in  Council,  a  temporary  line  was  run  upon  a 
new  basis,  which  now  often  appears  in  litigations  to  plague  the  brain  of  the 

"  Commissioners  were    again   appointed   in    1751,  who  made  a  few  of   the 
measurements,  but  owing  to  objections  raised  on  the  part  of  Maryland,  the 
work  was  abandoned.      Finally,   the  proprietors,  Thomas  and  Kichard  Penn 
and  Frederic,  Lord  Baltimore,  entered  into  an  agreement  for  the  executing  of 
the  survey,  and  John  Lukens  and  Archibald  McLean  on  the  part  o£  the  Penns, 
and  Thomas  Garnett  and  Jonathan  Hall  on  the  part  of  Lord  Baltimore,  were 
appointed  with  a  suitable  corps  of  assistants  to  lay  off  the  lines.     After  these 
surveyors  had  been  three  years  at  work,  the  proprietors  in   England,  thinking 
that  there  was  not  enough  energy  and  practical  and  scientific  knowledge  mani- 
fested by  these  surveyors,  appointed  Charles  Mason  and  Jeremiah  Dixon,  two 
mathematicians  and  surveyors,  to  proceed  to  America  and  take  charge  of  the 
work      They  brought  with  them  the  most  perfect  and  best  constructed  instru- 
ments known  to  science,  arriving  in  Philadelphia  on  tho  15th  of  November, 
1763,  and,  assisted  by  some  of  the  old  surveyors,  entered  upon  their  work.     By 
the  4th  of  June,  1766,  they  had  reached  the  summit  of  the  Little  Allegheny, 
when  the  Indians  began  to  be  troublesome.      They  looked  with  an  evil  eye  on 
the  mathematical  and  astronomical  instruments,   and  felt  a  secret  dread  and 
fear  of  the  consequences  of  the  frequent  and  long  continued  peering  into  the 
heavens.      The  Six  Nations  were  understood  to  be  inimical  to  the  further  prog- 
ress of  the  survey.      But  through   the  influence  of    Sir  William  Johnson  a 
treaty  was  concluded,  providing  for  the  prosecution  of  the  work  unmolested, 
and  a  number  of    chieftains  were  sent  to  accompany  the  surveying  party. 
Mason  and  Dixon  now  had  with  them  thirty  surveyors,  fifteen  asmen,  and  fif- 
teen Indians  of  consequence.      Again  the  attitude  of  the  Indians  gave  cause  of 
fear   and  on  the  29th  of  September,  twenty-six  of  the  surveyors  abandoned  the 
expedition  and  returned  to  Philadelphia.      Having  reached  a  point  24-1  miles 
from  the  Delaware,  and  within  thirty-six  miles  of  the  western  limit  of  the 
State,    in  the  bottom  of  a  deep,  dark  valley,    they  came  upon   a  well-worn 
Indian  path,  and  here  the  Indians  gave  notice  that  it  was  the  will  of  the  Six 
Nations  that  this  survey  proceed  no  further.     There  was  no  questioning  this 
authority,  and  no  means  at  command  for  resisting,  and  accordingly  the  party 
broke  up  and  returned  to  Philadelphia.     And  this  was  the  end  of  (he  labors  of 
Mason  and  Dixon  iq>on  this  boundary.      From  the  fact  that  this  was  subse- 
quently the  mark  of  division  between  the  Free  and  Slave  States,  Mason  and 
Dixon's  line  became  familiar  in  American  politics.      The  line  was  marked  by 
stones  which  were  quarried  and  engraved  in  England,  on  one  side  having  the 
arms  of  Penn,  and  on  the  opposite  those  of  Lord  Baltimore.      These  stones 
were  firmly  set  every  five  miles.     At  the  end  of  each  intermediate  mile  a 
smaller  stone  was  placed,  having  on  one  side  engraved  the  letter  P.,  and  on  the 
opposite  side  the  letter  M.     The  remainder  of  the  line  was  finished  and  marked 
in  1782-84  by  other  survevors.   A  vista  was  cut  through  the  forest  eight  yards  in 
width  tho  whole  distance,'  which  seemed  in  looking  back  through  it  to  come  to  a 


BISTORT  OB  PENN85  LVANIA.  9? 

poml  at  the  distance  of  two  miles.     In  1849,  the  stone  at  the  northeast  corner 
of  Maryland  having  been  removed,  a  resurvev  of  the  line  was  ordered,  and 
surveyors  were  appointed  l>y  the  throe  States  of   Pennsylvania,  Delaware  and 
Maryland,  who  called  to  their  aid  Col.   James   D,  Graham.     Some  few  errors 
ware  discovered  in  the  old  survey,  but  in  the  main  it  was  found  to  be  accurate. 
John  Penn,  grandson  of  the  founder,  and  son  of   Richard,  had  come  to  the 
oolonj  in  L753,  and,  having  acted  as  President  of  the  Council,  was.  in  I7r>:i, 
commissioned  Governor  in  plaoe  of  Hamilton     The  conspiracy  of  Pontiao, 
though  abortive  in  the  results  contemplated,  left  the  minds  of  tin*  Indians  in 
dangerous  state.     The  more  resolute,  who  had  entered  heartily  into  the 
of  their  leader,   still   felt,  that  his  purposes  wore  patriotic,  and  hence 
Bought,  by  every  means  possible,  to  ravage  and  destroy  the  Kuglish  settlements. 
The  Moravian  Indians  at  N'ain  and  Wichetunk,  though  regarded  as  friendly, 
ware  suspected  of  indirectly  aiding  in  the  savage  warfare  by  trading  firearms 
and  ammunition.     They  were  accordingly  removed  to  Philadelphia  that  fchej 
might  be  out  of  the  way  of   temptation.     At  the  old  Indian  town  of  Conestoga 
there  lived  some  score  of  natives.      Many  heartless  murders  had  been  com- 
mitted  along  the  frontier,  and  the  perpetrators  had  been  traced  to  this  Con- 
estogn    town;    and    while   the  ('oiiestoga   baud   were  not   known   to   be   impli 
Dated  in  these  outrages,  their  town  was  regarded  as  the  lurking  place  of  rovin" 
wh..  wne.     For  protection,  the  settlers  in  the  neighboring  districts  oi 
Paxton  and  Donegal,  had  organized  a  band  known  as  thePaxton  boys.     Earnest 
requests  were  made  by  Rev.  John  Elder  and  John   Harris  to  the  Government 
to  remove  this  baud  at  Conestoga  ;  but  as  nothing  was  done,    and  fearful 
depredations  and  slaughter  continued,  a  party  of  these  Paxton  rangers  attacked 
,1"■  town  an  I  put  the  savages  to  the  sword.      Some  few  escaped,  among  them  a 
known  bloodthirsty  savage,  who  were  taken  into  the  jail  at  Lancaster  for  pro 
tection  ;  but  the  rangers,  following  them,  overpowered  tho  jailer,  and  breaking 
into  the  jail  murdered  the  fugitives.     Intense  excitement  was  occasioned  bj 
itbreak,  and  Uov.  Penn  issued  his  proclamation  offering  rewards  for  the 
apprehension  of  the  perpetrators.     Some  few  were  taken  ;  but  so  excellent,  was 
their  character  and  standing,  and  such  were  the  provocations,  that  no  convic- 
tions followed.      Apprehensions  for  the  safety  of  the  Moravian  Indians  in 
the  Government  to  remove  them  to  Province  Island,  and,  feeling  insecurs 
there,  thej  asked  to  be  sent   to  England      For  safety,  they  were  sent  to  New 
Fork,  but  the  Governor  of  that  province  refused  them  permission  to  laud,  as 
did  also  the  Governor  of  New  Jersey,  and  they  were  brought  back  to  Philadel- 
phia and  put  in  barracks  under  strong  guard.     ThePaxton  boys,  in  a  consider- 
able body,  were  at  that  time  at  Germantown  interceding  for  their  brethren, 
who  were  then  in  durance  and  threatened  with  trial.      Franklin  was  sent  out 
to  confer  with  them  on  the  part  of  the  Government.     In  defending  their  course, 
they  said  :     "  Whilst  more  than  a  thousand  families,  reduced   to  extreme  dis- 
luring  the  last  and  present  war,  by  the  attacks  of  skulking  parties  of 
Indians  upon  the  frontier,  were  destitute,  and  were  s utlered  by  tho  public  to 
depend  on   private  charity,  a  hundred  and  twenty  of  the  perpetrators  of  the 
most  horrid  barbarities  were  supported   In  the  province,  and  protected  from 
the  fury  of  the  brave  relatives  of   the   murdered."     Influenced  by  the  persua 
of   Franklin,  they   consented  to  return   to  their  homes,  leaving  onlj 
Matthew  Smith  and  James  Gibson  to  represent  them  before  the  courts. 


g$  HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


CHAPTER  XI. 

John  Penn,  1763-71-James  Hamilton,  1771-Richard  Penn,  1771-73-John 
Penn,  1773-76. 

A  DIFFERENCE  having  arisen  between  the  Governor  and  Assembly  on  the 
vexed  question  of  levying  money,  the  Assembly  passed  a  series  of  reso- 
lutions advodting  that  the  «  powers  of  government  ought  to  be  separa  ed f rom 
he  power  attending  the  immense  proprietary  property,  and  lodged  in  he 
hands  of  the  King."  After  an  interval  of  fifty  days-that  time  for  reflection 
anf discussion  might  be  given-the  Assembly  again  convened  and  ad^tod. 
petition  praying  the  King  to  assume  the  direct  government  of  the  province 
rhouTthisypolicy  was  strongly  opposed  by  some  of  the  ablest  members,  as 
SafNorris^nd'john  Dickinson^  The  Quaker  element  was -generally  m 

'"rin  bataXs  still  continuing  along  the  frontier,  Go.  Penn  decla^d 
war  against  the  Shawanese  and  Delaware?  m  July,  17 65  and  sen ^Col.  Bouquet 
with  a  body  of  Pennsylvania  troops  against  them.  By  the  3d  of  October  lie 
had  come  up  to  the  Muskingum,  in  the  heart  of  the  most  thickly  peopled 
Indianterritory.  So  rapid  had  been  the  movement  of  Bouquet  that  the  savages 
nad  no  intelSnce  of  his  advance  until  he  was  upon  them  with  no  preparations 
for  defense  They  sued  for  peace,  and  a  treaty  was  entersd  into  by  which  the 
savates  agreed  to  abstain  from  further  hostilities  until  a  general  treaty  could 
be  conclucfed  with  Sir  William  Johnson,  the  general  agent  for  Indian  affairs 
for  all  the  colonies,  and  to  deliver  up  all  English  captives  who  had  been  carried 
away  duriL  the  years  of  trouble.  Two  hundred  and  eight  were  quickly 
glthered TpVnd  brought  in,  and  many  others  were  to  follow,  who  were  now 
widely  scattered.  The*  relatives  of  many  of  these  captives  Lad  proceeded  with 
the  train  of  Bouquet,  intent  on  reclaiming  those  who  had  been  dear  to  them. 
Some  were  joyfuUy  received,  while  others  who  had  been  borne  off  m  youth  had 
bec^mrattached  to  their  captors,  and  force  was  necessary  to  bring  them  away. 
"  On  the  reten  of  the  army,  some  of  the  Indians  obtained  leave  to  accompany 
their  former  captives  to  Fort  Pitt,  and  employed  themselves  in  hunting  and 
carf vino- provisions  for  them  on  the  road." 

Thereat  struggle  for  the  independence  of  the  colonies  of  the  British 
crown  w£  now  etose  at  hand,  and  the  first  sounds  of  the  controversy  were  be^ 
e  nnhJ  to  be  heard.  Sir  William  Keith,  that  enterprising  Governor  whose 
nead  kerned  to  have  been  full  of  new  projects,  as  early  as  1/39  had  proposed 
to  lay  a  uniform  tax  on  stamped  paper  in  all  the  colonies,  to  realize  funds  for 
he  common  defense.  Acting  upon  this  hint,  Grenville,  the  British  Minister 
LotifiedThe  cConists  in  1763°  of  his  purpose  to  impose  such  a  tax.  Against 
This  they  remonstrated.  Instead  of  this,  a  tax  on  imports  to  be  paid  m  com, 
was  adopted.  This  was  even  more  distasteful.  The  Assembly  of  Rhode 
Mand  in  October,  1765,  submitted  a  paper  to  all  the  colonial  assemblies,  with 
a  view  to  uniting  in  a  common  petition  to  the  King  against  parliamentary 
taxation  This  was  favorably  acted  on  by  the  Assembly  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
FrankHn  was  appointed  .gent  to  -present  their  cause  before  he  British  Pa. 
liament  The  Stamp  Act  had  been  passed  on  the  22d  of  March  17bo.  Its 
passage  excited  brjc  opposition,  and  a  resolution,  asserting  that  the  Colonial 


IIISTOKV  OP  PENNSYLVAN1  \  99 

Assemblies  had  the  exolusive  righl  bo  levj  taxes,  was  passed  by  the  Virginia 

Assembly,  and  oonoarred  in  by  all  the  others.     The  Massachusetts  Assembly 

I  a  meeting  of  delegates  in  Now  York  on  tho  second  Tuesday  of  Ootober, 

far    up. 'ii    the   subject.      'I'll.'    Pennsylvania    Assembly  adopted    the 

soggestion,  and  appointed  Messrs.  Pox,  Morton,  Bryan  and    Dickenson  as  dole- 
i  i  aooording  to  the  call  and  adopted  a  respectful  pe- 

King,  and  a  memorial  to  Parliament,  which  were  signed  by  all 
the  members  and  forwarded  tor  presentation  by  the  Colonial  Agents  in  En- 
glaud  The  Stamp  Lei  was  to  o  into  effect  on  the  1st  of  November.  On  the 
Inst  day  of  October,  the  newspapers  were  dressed  in  mourning,  and  suspended 
publication.  The  publishers  agreed  aoi  to  use  the  stamped  paper.  The 
people  ie  mind,  determined  to  dress  in  homespun,  resolved  not  to 

me  imported  goods,  and,  to  stimulate  the  production  of  wool  the  colonists  cov- 
enanted not  to  eal   lamb  for  tie-  space  of   one  year.      The  result,  of   tin 

u  felt  by  British  manufacturers  who  became  clamorous  for  repeal  of 
the  obnoxious  measures,  and  it  was  accordingly  repealed  on  tho  18th  of  March, 
1766. 

Determined  in  some  form  to  draw  a  revenue  from  the  colonies,  an  act  was 
•  >7,  to  la]  a  duu  on  tea,  paper,  printers'  colors,  and  glass.     The  As- 
sembly of   Pennsylvania  passed  a  resolution   on  the  20th  of  February.   1768, 
instruct i no;  its  agent  in  London  to  urge  its  repeal,  and  at  the  session  in    May 

I  and  entered  upon  its  minutes  a  circular  letter  from  the  Massachusetts 

.y  setting  forth  the  grounds  on  which  objection  to  the  act  should  be 
urged.     This  circular  occasioned  hostile  feeling  among  the  ministry,  and  the 

iy  for  foreign  affairs  wrote  to  Gov.  Penn  to  urge  the  Assembly  to 
take  QO  notice  of  it;  but  if  they  approved  its  sentiments,  to  prorogue  their 
Bittings.  This  letter  w;is  transmitted  to  the  Assembly,  aod  soon  after  one 
from  the  Virginia  Assembly  was  presented,  urging  union  of  all  the  colonies 
in    opposing    the    Beveral   schemes   of  taxation.     This   recommendation    was 

1.  and  committees  appointed  to  draw  a  petition  to  the  King  and  to  each 

oi  the  Houses  of  Parliament     To   lead   public,  sentiment,  and  have  it.  well 

Led  in  the  arguments  used  againsl  taxation,  John  Dickinson,  one  of  the 

ablest   of  the    Pennsylvania  legislators  at  this  time,  published  a  number  of 

articles  purporting  to  come  from  a  plain  farmer,  under  the  title  of  the  Farmer's 

which  became  popular,  the  idea  that  they  were  the  work  of  one  in 

life,  helping  to  swell  the  tide  of  popularity.  They  were  republished 
in  all  the  colonies,  and  exerted  a  commanding  influence  Alarmed  at  the 
unanimity  of  feeling  against  the  proposed  schemes,  and  supposing  that  it  was 
the  amount  of  the  tax  that  gave  offense,  Parliament  reduced  the  rate  in  lTti'.t 
to  one  sixth  of  the  original  sum,  and  in  1770  abolished  it  altogether,  except 
three  pence  a  pound  on  tea  But  it  was  tho  principle,  and  not  the  amount 
that  was  objected  to,  and  at  the  next  session  of  the  Assembly  in  Pennsvlvania, 
their  agent  in  London  was  directed  to  urge  its  repeal  altogether 

It  would  seem  incredible  that  the  colony  of  Connecticut  should  lay  claim 
to  any  part  of  the  territor]  of  Pennsylvania,  but  so  it  was.  The  New  En- 
gland charters  gave  limitless  extent  westward  even  to  the  shores  of  the  Pacific 
( >eeau.  and  south  to  the  northern  limits  of  tho  tract  ceded  to  Lord  Baltimore — 
the  territory  between  tho  40th  and  46th  degrees  of  north  latitude,  and  from 
ocean  to  ocean.  To  encroach  upon  N'.w  S"ork  with  its  teaming  popu 
lation  was  not  calculated  to  tempt  the  enterprise  of  the  settler;  but 
the  rich  virgin  soil,  and  agreeable  climate  of  the  wide  Wyoming  Val 
ley.  as  yet  unappropriated,  was  likely  to  attract  the  eye  of  the  explorer. 
Accordingly,    at  the    general    conference    with  the    Indians    held    at  Albany 


100  HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA 

•      1'™    fv,„   Connecticut    delegates    made  a  purchase  of  a  large  tract  in 

pit,  wto.  w»,  kept  w,  whieh  «„!«  »  "Jt  Sir  d  SrenS  ta'^ 

jNorinuuiuei         ,  h-  h  h         n  d  t     hls  assistance,  was  unable   to 

Lt  for  tLm^lv^Tnd  were  bringing  rapidly  under  cultivation.  To  there- 
out  foi  themseive     <m  Trumbull  responded  that  the  Susquehanna  Com- 

monstrancesof  Gov^Penn^  liiunDu         P  the  cbarter  of 

r^STS S|  a^d^dThaT  L  question  be  submitted I  to  .  eonv 
tne  riyniouuu  v-.        J> t-    jt  statement  was  submitted  to 

ii:tnX^::^£  sL^Lt £*,** an n^*- ,  >— 

Council  ie  Lonao        y  September,  1775,  the  matter  was  submitted  to  the 

CoTnent  C  ngZ  '  anJa  cluiittee'  of  that  body  to  whom  it  was referred 
renorted  in  favor  of  the  Connecticut  claim,  apportioning  a  trac .out  of  the 
ve?v  bote  s  of  Pennsylvania  nearly  as  large  as  the  whole  State  of  Connec tiout 
Thfs  acTfon  was  promptly  rejected  by  the  Assembly  of  Pennsylvania  and  a 
final  decision  wasPnot  reached  until  1802,  when  Congress  decided  in  favor  of 

^^^SFSJSSZ.™'*  1771,  whereupon  Gov.  John 
Penn  eturnedTo  England,  leaving  the  President  ^^^^^^ 
il+rm  at  the  head  of  the  Government.  John  Penn,  eldest  son  of  Richard,  sue 
ceeded t to ,  JJoprietanr  interests  of  his  father,  which  he  held  ^^junction 
Tth  his  uncleP  Thomas,  and  in  October  of  the  same  year,  Richard,  the  second 
with  his  uncie,  x  Vv„rnor      He  uela  the  office  but  about  two  years,  and 

Z^ZZ^Zt^Zr^elt^ot  the  people,  and Lso  much  arched 
was  he  to  the  popular  cause,  that  upon  his  return  to  England,  in  1775,  he  wa* 
^trusted ^  by  Congress  with  the  last  petition  of  the  colonies  ever  presented  to 
iht  Kin-  In  August,  1773,  John  Penn  returned  with  the  commission  of 
Govemof  superstdhig  his  brother  Richard.  Soon  after  his  arrival  the  Gov- 
Z  Z  vfwinia  Lord  Dunmore,  issued  his  proclamation,  laying  claim  to  a 
6vast  terrltog  n  to Monongalia  Valley,  including  the  site  of  the  present 
citvo  P  tsbur-h,  and  upon  the  withdrawal  of  the  British  gamson,  one  Con- 
noL  had laten  potion  of  it  in  the  name  of  Virginia.  Gov.  Penn  issued  a 
counter^proclamalioa,  calling  on  all  good  citizens  withm  the  borders  of  Penn- 


HISTORY,  OF  PENNSYLVANIA.  101 

Hvlvania,  to  preserve  their  allegiance  to  his  Glovernment,  seized  and  imprisoned 
Oonnolly,  and  sen)  ('•  immissioners  to  Virginia  to  effeol  an  amicable  settlement. 
These,  Dnnmore  refosed  t  >  bear,  ami  was  preparing  to  assert  Lis  authority  by 
1    Kiucil  refused  to  vote  him  uonej   fur  this  purpose. 

To  encourage  the  sale  of  tea  in  the  colonies,  an. I  establish  the  principle  of 
taxation,  the  export  duty  was  rem  >ved.  The  colonies  took  the  alarm.  At  a 
public  meeting  called  iu  Philadelphia  to  consider  the  subjoct,  on  the  18th  of 
olutions  were  adopted  in  which  it  was  declared  :  "  That  the 
disposal  of  their  own  property  is  the  inherent  right  of  freemen;  that  there  can 
be  no  property  in  that  which  another  can,  of  right,  take  from  us  without  our 
consent;  that  the  claim  of  Parliament  to  tax  America,  is,  in  other  words,  a  claim 
of  right  to  levy  contributions  on  us  at  pleasure.''  The  East  India  Company 
now  made  preparations  for  sending  large  importations  of  tea  into  the  colonies. 
The  ships  destined  for  Philadelphia  and  Now  York,  on  approaching  port,  and 
being  advised  of  the  exasperated  state  of  public  feeling,  returned  to  England 
«  iUi  their  cargoes.  Those  sent  to  Boston  came  into  the  harbor;  but  at  night  a 
party  disguised  as  Mohawk  Indians  boarded  the  vessels,  and  breaking  open 
the  packages,  emptied  300  chests  into  the  sea.  The  ministry,  on  being  apprised 
of  this  act,  closed  the  port  of  Boston,  and  subverted  the  colonipl  charter. 
Early  in  the  year,  committees  of  correspondence  had  been  established  in  all 
the  colonies,  by  means  of  which  the  temper  and  feeling  in  each  was  well  un- 
derstood by  the  others,  and  concert  of  action  was  secured.  The  hard  condi  • 
tions  imposed  on  the  town  of  Boston  and  the  colony  of  Massachusetts  Bay, 
aroused  the  sympathy  of  all;  for,  they  argued,  we  know  not  how  soon  the  heavy 
hand  of  oppression  may  be  felt  by  any  of  us.  Philadelphia  declared  at  a  pub- 
lic meeting  that  the  people  of  Pennsylvania  would  continue  firmly  to  adhere 
to  the  cause  of  American  liberty,  and  urged  the  calling  of  a  Congress  of  dele- 
gates to  consider  the  general  interests. 

At  a  meetiug  held  in  Philadelphia  on  the  18th  of  June,  1774,  at  which 
nearly  8,000  people  were  convened,  it  was  decided  that  a  Continental  Congress 
ought  to  be  held,  and  appointed  a  committee  of  correspondence  to  communi- 
cate with  similar  oommittees  in  the  Beveral  counties  of  Pennsylvania  and  in  the 
several  colonies.  On  the  15th  of  July,  1774,  delegates  from  all  the  counties, 
summoned  by  this  committee,  assembled  in  Philadelphia,  and  declared  that 
there  existed  an  absolute  necessity  for  a  Colonial  Congress.  They  accordingly 
recommended  that  the  Assembly  appoint  delegates  to  such  a  Congress  to 
represent  Pennsylvania,  and  Joseph  Calloway,  Samuel  Rhoads,  George  Ross, 
Edward  Biddle,  John  Dickinson,  Charles  Humphries  and  Thomas  Mifflin  were 
appointed. 

On  the  4th  of  Septemoer,  1774,  the  first  Continental  Congress  assembled  in 

lelphia     Peyton    Randolph,  of   Virginia,    was   called   to   presido,   and 

s  Thomson,  of  Pennsylvania,  was  appointed  Secretary.      It  was  resolved 

that  no  more  goods  be  imported  from  England,  and  that  unless  a  pacification 

footed   previously,  no  more  Colonial    produce   of  the  soil  be  exported 

thith.r  after  September  10,  1775.     A  declaration  of  rights  was  adopted,  and 

addresses  to  the  King,  the  people  of  Great  Britain,  and  of  British   America 

were  agreed  to,  after  which  the  Congress  adjourned  to  meet  again  on  the  10th 

of  May,  1775. 

In  January,  1775,  another  meeting  of  the  county  delegates  was  held  in 
Philadelphia,  at  which  the  action  of  the  Colonial  Congress  was  approved,  and 
while  a  restoration  of  harmony  with  the  mother  country  was  desired,  yet  if 
the  arbitiary  acts  of  Parliament  were  persisted  in,  they  would  at  every  hazard 
defend  the  "  rights  and  liberties  of  America."     The  delegates  appointed  to 


102  HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

represent  the  colony  in  the  Second  Congress  were  Mifflin,  Humphries,  Biddle, 
Dickinson,  Morton,  Franklin,  Wilson  and  Willing. 

The  government  of  Great  Britain  had  determined  with  a  strong  hand  to 
compel  obedience  to  its  behests.  On  the  19th  of  April,  1775,  was  fought  the 
battle  of  Lexington,  and  the  crimson  fountain  was  opened.  That  blow  was 
felt  alike  through  all  the  colonies.  The  cause  of  one  was  the  cause  of  all. 
A  public  meeting  was  held  in  Philadelphia,  at  which  it  was  resolved  to  organize 
military  companies  in  all  the  counties.  The  Assembly  heartily  seconded  thete 
views,  and  engaged  to  provide  for  the  pay  of  the  militia  while  in  service 
The  Second  Congress,  which  met  in  May,  provided  for  organizing  a  continental 
army,  fixing  the  quota  for  Pennsylvania  at  4,300  men.  The  Assembly  adopted 
the  recommendation  of  Congress,  provided  for  arming,  disciplining  and  pay- 
ing the  militia,  recommended  the  organizing  minutemen  for  service  in  an 
emergency,  made  appropriations  for  the  defense  of  the  city,  and  offered  a  pre- 
mium on  the  production  of  salt  peter.  Complications  hourly  thickened.  Ticon- 
deroga  was  captured  on  the  10th  of  May,  and  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill  was 
fouo-ht  on  the  17th  of  June.  On  the  15th  of  June,  George  Washington  was 
appointed  Commander-in-chief  of  the  Contiuental  Army,  supported  by  four 
Major  Generals  and  eight  Brigadiers. 

The  royal  Governors  were  now  an  incumbrance  greatly  in  the  way  of  the 
popular  movement,  as  were  also  the  Assemblies  where  they  refused  to  represent 
the  popular  will.  Accordingly,  Congress  recommended  that  the  several  col- 
onies should  adopt  such  government  as  should  "  best  conduce  to  the  happiness 
and  safety  of  their  constituents  in  particular  and  America  in  general."  This 
meant  that  each  colony  should  set  up  a  government  for  itself  independent  of 
the  Crown.  Accordingly,  a  public  meeting  was  held  in  Philadelphia,  at 
which  it  was  resolved  that  the  present  Assembly  is  "  not  competent  to  the  pres- 
ent exigencies  of  affairs,"  and  that  a  new  form  of  government  ought  to  be 
adopted  as  recommended  by  Congress.  The  city  committee  of  correspondence 
called  on  the  county  committees  to  secure  the  election  of  delegates  to  a  colonial 
meeting  for  the  purpose  of  considering  this  subject.  On  the  18th  of  June, 
the  meeting  was  held  in  Philadelphia,  and  was  organized  by  electing  Thomas 
McKean  President.  It  resolved  to  call  a  convention  to  frame  a  new  con- 
stitution, provided  the  legal  forms  to  be  observed,  and  issued  an  address  to 
the  people. 

Having  thus  by  frequent  argumentation  grown  familiar  with  the  declara- 
tion of  the  inherent  rights  of  every  citizen,  and  with  flatly  declaring  to  the 
government  of  Great  Britain  that  it  had  no  right  to  pursue  this  policy  or  that, 
and  the  several  States  having  been  recommended  to  absolve  themselves  from 
allegience  to  the  royal  governments,  and  set  up  independent  colonial  govern- 
ments of  their  own,  it  was  a  natural  inference,  and  but  a  step  further,  to  de- 
clare the  colonies  entirely  independent  of  the  British  Government,  and  to  or- 
ganize for  themselves  a  general  continental  government  to  hold  the  place  of  King 
and  Parliament.  The  idea  of  independence  had  been  seriously  proposed,  and 
several  Colonial  Assemblies  had  passed  resolutions  strongly  recommending  it. 
And  yet  there  were  those  of  age  and  experience  who  had  supported  independ- 
ent principles  in  the  stages  of  argumentation,  before  action  was  demanded, 
when  they  approached  the  brink  of  the  fatal  chasm,  and  had  to  decide 
whether  to  take  the  leap,  hesitated.  There  were  those  in  the  Assembly  of 
Pennsylvania  who  were  reluctant  to  advise  independence;  but  the  majority 
voted  to  recommend  its  delegates  to  unite  with  the  other  colonies  for  the  com- 
mon good.  The  convention  which  had  provided  for  holding  a  meeting  of  del- 
egates to  frame  a  new  constitution,  voted  in  favor  of  independence,  and  au- 
thorized the  raising  of  6,000  militia. 


HIST0R1   "i    i'i  SNS1 1\  ama.  lOi 

On  the  7th  of  June,  lTTti.  Richard  Benry  Leo,  of  Virginia,  introduoed  iu 
th.a,  "ili>'  United  Colonies  are,  and  of  right  ought  to 
be,  tree  and  independent  States,  and  that  all  political  connection  between 
them  and  the  State  of  Great  Britain  in,  and  ought  to  be,  totally  dissolved." 
It  was  impossible  to  mistake  or  misinterpret  the  meaning  of  this  language 
Th.'  issue  was  fairly  made  up.  It  was  warmly  discussed.  John  Dickinson, 
one  }f  the  Pennsylvania  delegates,  and  one  who  had  been  foremost  in  spoak- 

ing  and  writing  on  the  popular  Bide,  was  not  ready  to  cut  oil'  all    ln>| f  n>c 

onoiliation,  and  depioted  tho  disorganized  condition  in  which  the  colonies 
would  be  left  if  the  power  and  protection  of  Britain  were  thus  suddenly  re- 
moved. The  vote  upon  the  resolution  was  taken  on  the  2d  of  July,  and  re- 
sulted in  the  affirmative  vote  of  all  the  States  except  Pennsylvania  aid 
Delaware,  the  delegates  from  those  States  being  divided  A  committee  con- 
sisting of  Adams,  Franklin.  Jefferson,  Livingston  and  Sherman  had  been,  some 
time  previous,  appointed  to  draw  a  formal  statement  of  tho  Declaration,  and 
the  reasons  "out  of  a  decent  respect  to  tho  opinions  of  mankind,"  which  led 
to  so  important  an  act.  The  work  was  intrusted  to  a  sub-committee  consisting  ol 
Adams  and  Jefferson,  and  its  composition  was  the  work  of  Mr.  Jefferson,  though 
manvof  the  ideas,  and  even  tho  forms  of  expression,  had  been  used  again  and 
■gain  in  the  previous  resolutions  and  pronunciamentoes  of  the  Colonial  Assem- 
blies and  public  meetings.  It  had  hern  reported  on  the  2Nth  of  June,  and  was 
sharply  considered  in  all  its  parts,  many  verbal  alterations  having  been  made  in 
the  committee  of  five;  but  after  the  passage  of  the  preliminary  resolution,  the 
result  was  a  foregone  conclusion,  and  on  tho  4th  of  July  it  was  finally  adopted 
and  proclaimed  to  the  world.  Of  the  Pennsylvania  delegation,  Franklin, 
Wilson  and  Morton  voted  for  it,  and  Willing  and  Humphrey  against,  Dickin- 
son being  absent.  The  colonial  convention  of  Pennsylvania,  boing  in  session 
at  the  time,  on  receiving  intelligence  that  a  majority  of  its  delegates  in  Con- 
gress had  voted  against  the  preliminary  resolution,  named  a  new  delegation, 
omitting  tho  names  of  Dickinson,  Willing  and  Humphrey,  and  adding  othert 
which  made  it  thus  constituted — Franklin,  Wilson,  Morton,  Morris,  Clymer, 
Smith,  Taylor  and  Boss.  An  engrossed  copy  of  the  Declaration  was  made, 
which  was  signed  by  all  the  members  on  the  'id  of  August  following,  on 
which  are  found  the  names  from  Pennsylvania  above  recited. 

I  he  convention  for  framing  a  new  constitution  for  tho  colony  met  on  the 
loth  of  July,  and  was  organized  by  electing  Franklin  President,  and  on  the 
28th  of  September  completed  its  labors,  having  framed  a  now  organic  law 
and  made  all  necessary  provisions  tor  putting  it  into  operation.  In  the  mean- 
time the  old  proprietary  Assembly  adjourned  on  the  14th  of  June  to  the  26th 
Of  August  But  a  quorum  failed  to  appear,  and  an  adjournment  was  had  to 
the  23d of  September,  when  some  routine  business  was  attended  to,  chiefly 
providing  for  the  payment  of  salaries  and  necessary  lulls,  and  on  the  28th  of 
September,  after  a  stormy  existence  of  nearly  a  century,  this  Assembly,  the 
creature  of  Penn,  adjourned  never  to  meet  again.  With  the  ending  of  tho  As 
semblv  ended  the  power  of  Gov.  Penn.  It  is  a  singular  circumstance,  much 
noted  by  the  believers  in  signs,  that  on  the  day  of  his  arrival  in  America, 
which  was  Sunday,  the  earth  in  that  locality  was  rocked  by  an  earthquake, 
which  was  interpreted  as  an  evil  omen  to  his  administration.  He  married  tho 
daughter  of  William  Allen,  Chief  Justice  of  the  colony,  and,  though  at  times 
falling  under  suspicion  of  favoring  the  royal  cause,  yet,  as  was  believed,  not 
with  reason,  he  remained  a  quiet  spectator  of  the  great  struggle,  living  at  his 
country  seat  in  Bucks  County,  when;  he  died  in  February,    1795. 

Tho  titles  of  the  proprietors  to  landed  estates  weresuspended  by  the  action 


104  HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

of  the  convention,  and  on  the  27th  of  November,  1779,  the  Legislature  passed 
an  act  vesting  these  estates  in  the  commonwealth,  but  paying  .he  proprietors  a 
fatuity  of  £130,000,  "  in  remembrance  of  the  enterprising  spirit  or  me 
Founder  "  This  act  did  not  touch  the  private  estates  of  the  proprietors,  nor 
the  tenths  of  manors.  The  British  Government,  in  1790,  in  consideration  o 
the  fact  that  it  had  been  unable  to  vindicate  its  authority  over  the  colony,  and 
afford  protection  to  the  proprietors  in  the  enjoyment  of  their  chartered  rights, 
voted  an  annuity  of  £4,000  to  the  heirs  and  descendants  of  Penn.  This  annuity 
has  been  regularly  paid  to  the  present  time,  1884. 


CHAPTER  XII 


Thomas  Whakton  Jr.,  1777-78— George  Bryan,  1778— Joseph  Reed,  1778-81— 
William  Moore1781-82-John  Dickinson,  1783-85-Benjamin  Franklin. 
1185-88. 

THE  convention  which  framed  the  constitution  appointed  a  Committee  of 
Safety,  consisting  of  twenty-five  members,  to  whom  was  intrusted  the 
government  of  the  colony  until  the  proposed  constitution  shoulu  be  framed  and 
put  in  operation.  Thomas  Rittenhouse  was  chosen  President  of  this  body, 
who  was  consequently  in  effect  Governor.  The  new  constitution,  which  was 
unanimously  adopted  on  the  28th  of  September,  was  to  take  eftect  from  its 
passage.  It  provided  for  an  Assembly  to  be  elected  annually;  a  Supreme  Ex- 
ecutive Council  of  twelve  members  to  be  elected  for  a  term  of  three  years;  As- 
semblymen to  be  eligible  but  four  years  out  of  seven,  and  Councilmen  but 
one  term  in  seven  years.  Members  of  Congress  were  chosen  by  the  Assembly. 
The  constitution  could  not  be  changed  for  seven  years.  It  provided  for  the 
election  of  censors  every  seven  years,  who  were  to  decide  whether  there  was 
a  demand  for  its  revision.  If  so,  they  were  to  call  a  convention  for  the  pur- 
pose. On  the  6th  of  August,  1776,  Thomas  Wharton,  Jr.,  was  chosen  Presi- 
dent of  the  Council  of  Safety. 

The  struggle  with  the  parent  country  was  now  fully  inaugurated.  The 
British  Parliament  had  declared  the  colonists  rebels,  had  voted  a  force  of 
55,000  men,  and  in  addition  had  hired  17.000  Hessian  soldiers,  to  subdue  them. 
The  Congress  on  its  part  had  declared  the  objects  for  which  arms  had  been 
taken  up,  and  had  issued  bills  of  credit  to  the  amount  of  $6,000,000.  Par- 
liament  had  resolved  upon  a  vigorous  campaign,  to  strike  heavy  and  rapid 
blows,  and  quickly  end  the  war.  The  first  campaign  had  been  conducted  in 
Massachusetts,  and  by  the  efficient,  conduct  of  Washington,  Gen.  Howe,  the 
leader  of  the  British,  was  compelled  to  capitulate  and  withdraw  to  Halifax  in 
March,  1776.  On  the  28th  of  June,  Sir  Henry  Clinton,  with  a  Btrong  detach- 
ment, in  conjunction  with  Sir  Peter  Parker  of  the  navy,  made  a  combined 
land  and  naval  attack  upon  the  defenses  of  Charleston  Harbor,  where  he  was 
met  bv  Gen.  William  Moultrie,  with  the  Carolina  Militia,  and  after  a  severe 
battle^  in  which  the  British  fleet  was  roughly  handled,  Clinton  withdrew  and 
returned  to  New  York,  whither  the  main  body  of  the  British  Army,  under  Gen. 
Howe,  had  come,  and  where  Admiral  Lord  Howe,  with  a  large  fleet  directly 
from  England,  joined  them.  To  this  formidable  power  led  by  the  best  talent 
in  the  British  Army,  Washington  could  muster  no  adequate  force  to  oppose, 
and  he  was  obliged   to  withdraw    from  Long  Island,  from  New  York,  from 


HIST0B1   OF  PBNN8?LVAMIi  LOfi 

ilirlam,  fnmi  \Vlut>>  Plains,  to  cross  into  Now  Jersey,  and  Munition  position 

after  position,  until  he  bed  reaohed  the  right  bank  of  the  Delaware  on  Penn- 

Hvlvunis      il       v   heavy  detaohmenl   under  Oornwallis  followed,  and  would 

rare   in  pursuit,  but  advised  to  a  cautious  policy  bj 

Sowe,  he  waited  for  ice  to  form  on  the  water-  of  the  Delaware  before  passing 

over.     The  fall  of  Philadelphia  now  seemed  imminent     Washington  liadn.it 

Baffioieni  toro  the  whole  power  of  the  British  Army.     On  the  2d  of 

December,  the  Supreme  Council  ordered  all  places  of  business  in  the  city  to 

its  tn  be  dismissed,  ami  advised  preparation  for  removing 

oen  and  children  and  valuables.     On  the  12th,  the  Congress  which  was 

ion  here  adjourned  to  meet  in  Baltimore,  taking   with   them  all   papers 

and    public   records,  and     leaving   a    committee,  of   which    Kobert  Morris    was 

Chairman,  to  act  in  conjunction  with  Washington  for  the  safety  of  the  place. 

Gen.  Putnam  was  dispatched  on  the  same  day  wilh  a  detachment  of  soldiers 

to  take  command  in  the  cit] 

In  this  emergency  the  Council  issued  a  stirring  address:  "If  you  wish 
t  i  live  in  freedom,  and  are  determined  to  maintain  that  best  boon  of  heaven, 
yon  have  no  time  to  deliberate  A  manly  resistance  will  secure  every  bless- 
inactivity  and  sloth  will  bring  horror  and  destruction.  "  *  *  May 
heaven,  which  has  bestowed  the  blessings  of  liberty  upon  you,  awaken  you  to 
a  proper  Bense  of  your  danger  and  arouse  that  manly  spirit  of  virtuous  resolu- 
tion which  has  ever  bidden  defiance  to  the  efforts  of  tyranny.  May  you  ever 
have  the  glorious  prize  of  liberty  in  view,  and  bear  with  a  becoming  fortitude 
the  fatigues  and  severities  of  a  winter  campaign.  That,  and  that  only,  will 
you  to  the  superlative  distinction  of  being  deemed,  under  God,  the 
deliverers  of  your  country."  Such  were  the  arguments  which  our  fathers 
made  use  of  in  conducting  the  struggle  against  the  British  Empire. 

Washington,  who  had,  from  the  opening  of  the  campaign  before  New 
York,  been  obliged  for  the  most  part  to  act  upon  the  defensive,  formed  the 
plan  to  suddenly  turn  upon  his  pursuers  and  offer  battle.  Accordingly,  on 
the  night  of  the  25th  of  December,  taking  a  picked  body  of  men,  he  moved  up 
several  miles  to  Taylorsville,  where  he  crossed  the  river,  though  at  flood  tide 
and  tilled  with  floating  ice,  and  moving  down  to  Trenton,  where  a  detachment 
of  the  British  Army  was  posted,  made  a  bold  and  vigorous  attack.  Taken  by 
Bnrprise,  though  now  after  sunrise,  the  battle  was  soon  decided  in  favor  of 
Hermans.  Some  fifty  of  the  enemy  were  slain  and  over  a  thousand 
taken  prisoners,  with  quantities  of  arms,  ammunition  and  stores  captured.  A 
triumphal  entry  was  made  at  Philadelphia,  when  the  prisoners  and  the  spoils 
of  war  moved  through  the  streets  under  guard  of  the  victorious  troops,  and 
I  away  to  the  prison  camp  at  Lancaster.  Washington,  who  was 
smarting  under  a  forced  inactivity,  by  reason  of  pauoitj  of   numbers  and  lack 

of  arms  and  material,  and  who  had  1 n  forced  constantly  to  retire  before  a 

defiant  foe,  now  took  courage.  His  name  was  upon  even  tongue,  and  foreign 
Governments  were  disposed  to  give  the  States  a  fair  chance  in  their  struggle 
:  ■■  nationality.  The  lukowarm  were  encouraged  to  enlist  under  the  banner  of 
mi.  It  had  great  strategic' value.  The  British  had  intended  to  push 
;'  irward  and  occupy  Philadelphia  at  once,  which,  being  now  virtually  th 
il  d  of  the  new  nat"ion.  had  it  been  captured  al  tins  juncture,  would  have  given 
the  occasion  for  claiming  a  triumphal  ending  of  the  war.     But   tl 

j   ined  by  a  detachment  small  in  numbers  yel  great   in  cour- 
ier of  a  powerful   and  well   appointed  army  to  give  up 
all  intention   of  attempting  to  capture   the    Pennsylvania  metropolis  in  this 
campaign,  and  retiring    into  winter   cantonments   upon   tho  Raritan  to  await 


106  HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

the  settled  weather  of  the  spring  for  an  entirely  new  cast  of  operations. 
Washington,  emboldened  by  his  success,  led  all  his  forces  into  New  Jersey 
and  pushing  past  Trenton,  where  Cornwallis,  the  royal  leader,  had  brought 
his  main  body  by  a  forced  march,  under  cover  of  darkness,  attacked  the 
British  reserves  at  Princeton.  But  now  the  enemy  had  become  wary  and  vig- 
ilant  and,  summoned  by  the  booming  of  cannon,  Cornwallis  hastened  back  to 
the  relief  of  his  hard  pressed  columns.  Washington,  finding  that  the  enemy  s 
whole  army  was  within  easy  call  and  knowing  that  he  had  no  hope  of  success 
with  his  weak  army,  withdrew.  Washington  now  went  into  winter  quarters  at 
Morristown,  and  by  constant  vigilance  was  able  to  gather  marauding  parties 
of  the  British  who  ventured  far  away  from  their  works. 

Putnam  commenced  fortifications  at  a  point  below  Philadelphia  upon  the 
Delaware,  and  at  commanding  positions  upon  the  outskirts  and  on  being 
summoned  to  the  army  was  succeeded  by  Gen.  Irvine,  and  he  by  Gen  Gates. 
On  the  4th  of  March,  1777,  the  two  Houses  of  the  Legislature,  elected  under 
the  new  constitution,  assembled,  and  in  joint  convention  chose  ihomas 
Wharton,  Jr., President,  and  George  BryanVice  President.  Penn  had  expressed 
the  idea  that  power  was  preserved  the  better  by  due  formality  and  ceremony, 
and  accordingly,  this  event  was  celebrated  with  much  pomp,  the  result  being 
declared  in  a  loud  voice  from  the  court  house,  amid  the  shouts  of  the  gathered 
throngs  and  the  booming  of  the  captured  cannon  brought  from  the  held  of 
Trenton  The  title  bestowed  upon  the  new  chief  officer  of  the  State  was  fatted 
by  its  length  and  high-sounding  epithets  to  inspire  the  multitude  with  awe  and 
reverence  "His  Excellency,  Thomas  Wharton,  Junior,  Esquire,  President  of 
the  Supreme  Executive  Council  of  Pennsylvania,  Captain  General,  and  Com- 
mander-in-chief in  and  over  the  same." 

While  the  enemy  was  disposed  to  be  cautious  after  the  New  Jersey  cam- 
paicm  so  humiliating  to  the  native  pride  of  the  Britain,  yet  he  was  determined 
to  bring  all  available  forces  into  the  field  for  the  campaign  of  1-77,  and  to 
strike  a  decisive  blow.  Early  in  April,  great  activity  was  observed  among  the 
shipping  in  New  York  Harbor,  and  Washington  communicated  to  Congress  his 
opinion°that  Philadelphia  was  the  object  against  which,  the  blow  would  be 
aimed  This  announcement  of  probable  peril  induced  the  Council  to  issue  a 
proclamation  urging  enlistments,  and  Congress  ordered  the  opening  of  a  camp 
for  drilling  recruits  in  Pennsylvania,  and  Benedict  Arnold,  who  was  at  this 
time  a  trusted  General,  was  ordered  to  the  command  of  it.  So  many  new  ves- 
sels and  transports  of  all  classes  had  been  discovered  to  have  come  into  INew 
York  Harbor,  probably  forwarded  from  England,  that  Washington  sent  Gen. 
Mifflin  on  the  10th  of  June,  to  Congress,  bearing  a  letter  in  which  he  ex- 
pressed the  settled  conviction  that  the  enemy  meditated  an  immediate  descent 
upon  some  part  of  Pennsylvania.  Gen.  Mifflin  proceeded  to  examine  the  de- 
fensive works  of  the  city  which  had  been  begun  on  the  previous  advance  ot 
the  British  and  recommended  such  changes  and  new  works  as  seemed  best 
adapted  for  its  protection.  The  preparations  for  defense  were  vigorously  pros- 
ecuted Tbe  militia  were  called  out  and  placed  in  two  camps,  one  at  Chester 
and  the  other  at  Downington.  Fire  ships  were  held  in  readiness  to  be  used 
against  vessels  attempting  the  ascent  of  the  river. 

Lord  Howe  being  determined  not  to  move  until  ample  preparations  were 
completed,  allowed  the  greater  part  of  the  summer  to  wear  away  before  he 
advanced  Finally,  having  embarked  a  force  of  19,500  men  on  a  fleet  of  600 
transports,  he  sailed  southward.  Washington  promptly  made  a  corresponding 
march  overland,  passing  through  Philadelphia  on  the  24th  of  August.  Howe, 
respecting  that  preparations  would  be  made  for  impeding  the  passage  of  the 


HlSTt'RY  .iF  l'EVSSVLVASU.  1 

Delaware,  sailed  past  its  mouth,  and  moving  up  the  Chesapeake  in~t. 
barked  fifty-four  milt"?   from  Philadelphia   and  commenced   the  march  north- 
activity  was  now  manifested  in  the  city.     The 

balleta,  fair  bauds  were  bamed  in  rollin;.'  lower- 

.  of  tbt>  river,  and 
the  last  the  militia  of  the  city,  which  had  been  divided  into  three 

classes,  was  called   oat      Washington,  who  had  crossed  the  Brandywine,  soon 
confrou;  f  How.',  and  brisk  skirmishing  at  once  opened 

ing  thai  likely  to  have  the   right  of  his  position  at  Red  Clay  Creek, 

where  he  had   intended  to   give  battle,  turned  I  /  suj>erior  force  of 

•:ny,  under  cover  of  darkness  on  the  night  of  the  Bth  of  September,  he 
w"  across  the  Brandywine  at  Chad's  Ford,  and  posting  Armstrong  with 
the  militia  upon  the  left,  at  Pyle's  Ford,  where  the  banks  w. 
oipitona,  and  Sullivan,  who  was  second  in  command,  upon  the  right  at  Brin- 
ton's  Ford  under  cover  of  forest,  he  himself  took  p^st  with  three  d:  i 
Sterling's,  Stephens',  and  hi?  own.  in  front  of  the  main  avenue  of  approach  at 
v.-.  discovering  that  Washington  was  well  posted,  determined  to 
flank  him.      A  on  the  11th.  sending  Knyphausen  with  a  division  of 

Hessians  to  make  vigorous  demonstrations  upon  Washington's  front  at  Chad  s, 
wallis.  in  light  marching  order,  moved  up  the  Brandy- 
wine. far  past  flank  of  Washington,  crossed  the  Brandywine  at  the 
f    Trumbull  and  Jeffrey  unopposed,   and.   moving  down  came  upon 
Washington's  right,  held  by  Sullivan,  all  unsuspecting  and  unprepared  to  re- 
ceive him.     Though  Howe  was  favored  by  a  dense  fog  which  on  that  morning 
hung  on  all  U                    et  it  had  hardly  been  commenced  before  Washington 
red  the  move  and  divined   its  purpose.      His  resolution  was  instantly 
taken.     He  ordered  Sullivan  to  en  -  m  at   Brinton's.  and  resolutely 
turn  the  left  flank  of  Knyphausen.  when  he  himself  with  the  main  bod;. 
move  over  and  crush  th-  British  Army  in  detail.      Is  was  a  brilliant  con- 
was  feasible,  and  promised  the  most  complete  success.     But  what  chagrin  and 
mortification,  to  receive,  at  the  moment  when  he  expected  to  hear  the  music  of 
Sullivan'.-  guns  doubling  up  the  left  of  the  enemy,  and  giving  notice  to  him 
to  commence  the  passage,                     from  that  officer  advising  him  that  he  had 
disobeyed  his  orders  to  cross,  having  received  intelligence  that  the  enemy  were 
ving  northward,  and  that  he  was  still  in  position  at  the  ford.     Thus 
balked,                     a  hud  no  alternative  but  to  remain  in  position,  and  it  was  not 
long  before  the  guns  of  Howe  wer-  upon  his  all  unguarded 
mk.     The;                        ons  were  made  which  time  would  permit      Hin 
ah  the  force  of  Sullivan  took  position  al  iw  of  the  hill 
on  which   stands  the   Birmingham  meeting  house,  and   the  battle  opened  and 
ie  whole  daj                            ;■  numbers,  and  weakened 
liged  to  retire.  1           _             :;emy  in  possession 
Geld.     Th'                         h  nobleman.  Laf  .'.le  gal- 
lantly serving  in  this  fight     The  wounded  were  carried  into  the  Birn. 
meeting  ho.-                   the  blood  stains  are  visible  to  this  day.  enterprising 
relic  hunters  for  many  generations  having  been  busy  in  loosening  small  slivers 
with  the  points  of  their  kn; 

The  British  now  moved  cautiously  toward  Philadelphia.       On  the  l'jth  of 

..ber,  at  a  point  some  twenty  miles  west  of   Philadelphia.  Washington 

•oade  a  stand,  and  a  battle  opened  with  brisk  skirmishing,  but  a  heavy 

rain  storm  c  powder  of  the  pab  -  was  completely  rained  on 

account  of  their  defective  cartridge  boxes.     On  the  night  of  the  l!Oth.   Gen. 

Anthony  Wayne,  who  had  been  hanging  on  the  rear  of  the  enemy   with  his 


108  HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

detachment,  was  surprised  by  Gen.  Gray  with  a  heavy  column,  who  fell  sud- 
denly upon  the  Americans  in  bivouac  and  put  them  to  the  sword,  giving  no 
quarter.  This  disgraceful  slaughter  which  brought  a  stigma  and  an  indelible 
stain  upon  the  British  arms  is  known  as  the  Paoli  Massacre.  Fifty-three  of 
the  victims  of  the  black  flag  were  buried  in  one  grave.  A  neat  monument 
of  white  marble  was  erected  forty  years  afterward  over  their  moldering 
remains  by  the  Republican  Artillerists  of  Chester  County,  which  vandal  hands 
have  not  spared  in  their  mania  for  relics. 

Congress  remained  in  Philadelphia  while  these  military  operations  were 
going  on  at  its  very  doors;  but  on  the  18th  of  September  adjourned  to  meet 
at  Lancaster,  though  subsequently,  on  the  30th,  removed  across  the  Susque- 
hanna to  York,  where  it  remained  in  session  till  after  the  evacuation  in 
the  following  summer.  The  Council  remained  until  two  days  before  the  fall 
of  the  city,  when  having  dispatched  the  records  of  the  loan  office  and  the  more 
valuable  papers  to  Easton,  it  adjourned  to  Lancaster.  On  the  26th,  the  British 
Army  entered  the  city.  Deborah  Logan  in  her  memoir  says:  "  The  army 
marched  in  and  took  possession  in  the  city  in  the  morning.  We  were  up-stairs 
and  saw  them  pass  the  State  House.  They  looked  well,  clean  and  well  clad, 
and  the  contrast  between  them  and  our  own  poor,  bare- footed,  ragged  troops 
was  very  great  and  caused  a  feeling  of  despair.  *         *         *         *     Early 

in  the  afternoon,  Lord  Cornwallis'  suite  arrived  and  took  possession  of 
my  mother's  house. "  But  though  now  holding  undisputed  possession  of  the 
American  capital,  Howe  found  his  position  an  uncomfortable  one,  for  his  fleet 
was  in  the  Chesapeake,  and  the  Delaware  and  all  its  defenses  were  in  posses- 
sion of  the  Americans,  and  Washington  had  manned  the  forts  with  some  of 
his  most  resolute  troops.  Varnum's  brigade,  led  by  Cols.  Angell  and  Greene, 
Rhode  Island  troops,  were  at  Fort  Mercer,  at  Red  Bank,  and  this  the  enemy 
determined  to  attack.  On  the  21st  of  October,  with  a  force  of  2,500  men,  led 
by  Count  Donop,  the  attack  was  made.  In  two  coluins  they  moved  as  to  an 
easy  victory.  But  the  steady  fire  of  the  defenders  when  come  in  easy  range, 
swept  them  down  with  deadly  effect,  and,  retiring  with  a  loss  of  over  400  and 
their  leader  mortally  wounded,  they  did  not  renew  the  fight.  Its  reduction  was 
of  prime  importance,  and  powerful  works  were  built  and  equipped  to  bear  upon 
the  devoted  fort  on  all  sides,  and  the  heavy  guns  of  the  fleet  were  brought  up 
to  aid  in  overpowering  it.  For  six  long  days  the  greatest  weight  of  metal  was 
poured  upon  it  from  the  land  and  the  naval  force,  but  without  effect,  the 
sides  of  the  fort  successfully  withstanding  the  plunging  of  their  powerful 
missiles.  As  a  last  resort,  the  great  vessels  were  run  suddenly  in  close  under 
the  walls,  and  manning  the  yard-arms  with  sharp-shooters,  so  effectually 
silenced  and  drove  away  the  gunners  that  the  fort  fell  easily  into  the  Brit- 
ish hands  and  the  river  was  opened  to  navigation.  The  army  of  Washing- 
ton, after  being  recruited  and  put  in  light  marching  order,  was  led  to  German- 
town  where,  on  the  morning  of  the  3d  of  October  the  enemy  was  met.  A 
heavy  fog  that  morning  had  obscured  friend  and  foe  alike,  occasioning  con- 
fusion in  the  ranks,  and  though  the  opening  promised  well,  and  some  progress 
was  made,  yet  the  enemy  was  too  strong  to  be  moved,  and  the  American  l9ader 
was  forced  to  retire  to  his  camp  at  White  Marsh.  Though  the  river  had  now 
been  opened  and  the  city  was  thoroughly  fortified  for  resisting  attack,  yet 
Howe  felt  not  quite  easy  in  having  the  American  Army  quartered  in  so  close 
striking  distance,  and  accordingly,  on  the  4th  of  December,  with  nearly  his 
entire  army,  moved  out,  intending  to  take  Washington  at  White  Marsh,  sixteen 
miles  away,  by  surprise,  and  by  rapidity  of  action  gain  an  easy  victory.  But 
bvthe  heroism  and  fidelity  of  Lydia  Darrah,  who,  as  she  had  often  done  before 


HISTORY    OB   I'E.NNSYl.V  \M  \  10SJ 

passed  the  guardo  to  go  to  the  mill  for  floiir.  the  news  of  the  coming  of  Howe 
munioated  to  Washington,  who  was  prepared  to  receive  him.    rinding 
thai  he  could  effect  nothing,  Howe  returned  to  the  city,  having  had  the  wean- 
some  inarch  at  this  wintry  Beason  with.. at  effect 

,n  now  crossed  the  Schuylkill  and  went  into  winter  quarters  at 
Vallev  For-.'  The  oold  of  that  winter  was  intense;  thetroops,  half  clad  and 
indifferently  fed,  Buffered  Beverely,  the  prints  of  their  naked  feet  in  frost  and 
mow  being  often  tinted  with  patriot  blood.  Grown  impatient  of  the  small 
KBOltB  from  Ike  oumensely  expensive  campaigns  carried  on  across  the  ocean, 
relieved  Lord  Uowe,  and  appointed  Sir  Henry  Clinton  to  the 
chief  command.  . 

Tbt,  (  aers  whom  Oongresa  had  sent  to  E  ranee  early  in  the  fall  of 

1776— Franklin,  Dean  and  Lee  had  been  busy  in  making  interest  for  the 
united  colonies  al  thePrench  Court,  and  so  snooessful  were  they,  that  arms  and 
ammunition  and  loans  of  money  were  procured  from  time  to  time.  Indeed,  so 
persuasive  had  they  become  that  it  was  a  saying  current,  at  court  that,  "  It  was 
fortunate  for  the  King  that  Franklin  did  not  take  it  into  his  head  to  ask  to 
a  Versailles  stripped  of  its  furniture  to  send  to  his  dear 
bnerioans,  for  his  majesty  would  have  been  unable  to  deny  him."  Finally, 
a  convention  was  concluded,  by  which  France  agreed  to  use  the  royal  army  and 
navy  as  faithful  allies  of  the  Americans  against  tho  English.  Accordingly,  a 
Beet  of  four  powerful  frigates,  and  twelve  ships  were  dispatched  under  com- 
mand of  the  Count  D'Eetaing  to  shut  up  the  Britishfleet  in  the  Delaware.  The 
plan  was  ingenious,  particularly  worthy  of  the  long  head  of  Franklin.  But 
by  seme  melms,  intelligence  of  the  sailing  of  the  French  fleet  reached  Che 
English  cabinet,  who  immediately  ordered  the  evacuation  of  the  Delaware, 
whereupon  the  Admiral  weighed  anchor  and  sailed  away  with  his  entire  fleet  to 
New  York,  and  D'Estaing,  upon  his  arrival  at  the  mouth  of  the  Delaware,  found 
that  the  bird  hail  flown. 

Clinton  evacuated  Philadelphia  and  moved  across  New  Jersey  in  the  direc- 
tion of  New  York.  Washington  closely  followed  and  came  up  with  the  enenvj 
on  the  plains  of  Monmouth,  on  the  28th  of  June,  1778,  where  a  sanguin- 
ary battle  was  fought  which  lasted  tho  whole  day,  resulting  in  the  triumph  of 
the  tanerioan  arms,  and  Pennsylvania  was  rid  of  British  troops. 

The  enemy  was  no  sooner  well  away  from  the  city  than  Congress  returned 

from  York  and  resumed  its  sittings  in   its  former  quarters,  June  24,  1778,  and 

on  the  following  day,  theOolonial  Legislature  returned  from  Lancaster.      Gen 

\rnold,  who  was  disabled  by  a  wound  received  at  Saratoga,  from  neld  duty. 

was  given  command  in  the  city  and  marched  in  with  a  regiment  on  the  day 

following  the  evacuation.       On  tho  23d  of  May.   1778,  President  Wharton  died 

suddenly  of  quinsy,  while  in  attendance  upon  the  Council  at  Lancaster,  when 

Bryan,  the  Vice  President,  became  the  Acting  President.     Bryan  was  a 

philanthropist   in  deed  as  well  as  word.      Up  to  thia  time,  African  slavery   had 

r  .lerated  in  the  colony.     In  his  message  of  the  9th  of  November,  he  said : 

or  some  better  scheme,  would  tend  to  abr.  ry  -the  approbnum 

of  America— from  among  us.     *     *     *     In  dives;    ig  the  State  of  slaves,  you 

v,  ill  .  qually  serve  the  cause  of  humanity  and  po   i         I  d  offer  to  God  one  of 

the  most  proper  and  best  returns  of  gratitude  fo  eat  deliverance  of  us 

terity  from  thraldom;  you  will  also  se    p  m    haracter  for  justice 

and  benevolence  in  the  true  point  of  view  to  Europe,  who  a.o  astonished  to  see 

a  people  eager  for  liberty  holding  negroes  in  bondage."     He  perfected  a  bill 

for  the  extinguishment  of  claims  to  slaves  which  was  passed  by  the  Assembly, 

1,   L7SH.  l,y  a  vote  of   thirty-four  to  eighteen,  providing  that  no   child 


110  HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

of  slave  parents  born  after  that  date  should  be  a  slave,  but  a  servant  till  the 
age  of  twenty-eight  years,  when  all  claim  for  service  should  end.  Thus  by  a 
simple  enactment  resolutely  pressed  by  Bryan,  was  slavery  forever  rooted  out 
of  Pennsylvania. 

In  the  summer  of  1778,  a  force  of  savages  and  sour- faced  tories  to  the  num- 
ber of  some  1,200,  under  the  leadership  of  one  Col.  John  ButJer,  a  cruel  and  in- 
human wretch,  descending  from  the  north,  broke  into  the  Wyoming  Valley  on 
the  2d  of  July.  The  strong  men  were  in  the  army  of  Washington,  and  the 
only  defenders  were  old  men,  beardless  boys  and  resolute  women.  These,  to 
the  number  of  about  400,  under  Zebulon  Butler,  a  brave  soldier  who  had  won 
distinction  in  the  old  French  war,  and  who  happened  to  be  present,  moved 
resolutely  out  to  meet  the  invaders.  Overborne  by  numbers,  the  inhabitants 
were  beaten  and  put  to  the  sword,  the  few  who  escaped  retreating  to  Forty 
Fort,  whither  the  helpless,  up  and  down  the  valley,  had  sought  safety.  Here 
humane  terms  of  surrender  were  agreed  to,  and  the  families  returned  to 
their  homes,  supposing  all  danger  to  be  past.  But  the  savages  had 
tasted  blood,  and  perhaps  confiscated  liquor,  and  were  little  mindful  of  capitu- 
lations. The  night  of  the  5th  was  given  to  indiscriminate  massacre.  The 
cries  of  the  helpless  rang  out  upon  the  night  air,  and  the  heavens  along  all 
the  valley  were  lighted  up  with  the  flames  of  burning  cottages;  "  and  when  the 
moon  arose,  the  terrified  inhabitants  were  fleeing  to  the  Wilkesbarre  Mount- 
ains, and  the  dark  morasses  of  the  Pocono  Mountain  beyond."  Most  of  these 
were  emigrants  from  Connecticut,  and  they  made  their  way  homeward  as  fast 
as  their  feet  would  carry  them,  many  of  them  crossing  the  Hudson  at  Pough- 
keepsie,  where  they  told  their  tales  of  woe. 

In  February,  1778,  Parliament,  grown  tired  of  this  long  and  wasting  war, 
abolished  taxes  of  which  the  Americans  had  complained,  and  a  committee, 
composed  of  Earl  Carlisle,  George  Johnstone  and  William  Eden,  were  sent 
empowered  to  forgive  past  offenses,  and  to  conclude  peace  with  the  colonies, 
upon  submission  to  the  British  crown.  Congress  would  not  listen  to  their 
proposals,  maintaining  that  the  people  of  America  had  done  nothing  that 
needed  forgiveness,  and  that  no  conference  could  be  accorded  so  long  as  the 
English  Armies  remained  on  American  soil.  Finding  that  negotiations  could 
not  be  entered  upon  with  the  government,  they  sought  to  worm  their  way  by 
base  bribes.  Johnstone  proposed  to  Gen.  Reed  that  if  he  would  lend  his  aid 
to  bring  about  terms  of  pacification,  10,000  guineas  and  the  best  office  in  the 
country' should  be  his.  The  answer  of  the  stern  General  was  a  type  of  the 
feeling  which  swayed  every  patriot:  "  My  influence  is  but  small,  but  were  it 
as  o-reat  as  Gov.  Johntone  would  insinuate,  the  King  of  Great  Britain  has  noth- 
ing in  his  gift  that  would  tempt  me." 

At  the  election  held  for  President,  the  choice  f eH  upon  Joseph  Eeed,  with 
George  Bryan  Vice  President,  subsequently  Matthew  Smith,  and  finally  Will- 
iam Moore.  Beed  was  an  erudite  lawyer,  and  had  held  the  positions  of  Pri- 
vate Secretary  to  Washington,  and  subsequently  Adjutant  General  of  the 
army.  He  was  inaugurated  on  the  1st  of  December,  1778.  "Upon  the  return 
of  the  patriots  to  Philadelphia,  after  the  departure  of  the  British,  a  bitter 
feeling  existed  between  them  and  the  tories  who  had  remained  at  their  homes, 
and  had  largely  profited  by  the  British  occupancy.  The  soldiers  became  dem- 
onstrative, especially  against  those  lawyers  who  had  defended  the  tories  in 
court.  Some  of  those  most  obnoxious  took  refuge  in  the  house  of  James  Wil- 
son, a  signer  of  the  Declaration.  Private  soldiers,  in  passing,  fired  upon  it, 
and  shots  were  returned  whereby  one  was  killed  and  several  wounded.  The 
President    on  being  informed  of  these  proceedings,  rode  at  the  head  of  the 


BIST0R1    OF  PBNNS1  l.\  AM  \ 


111 


eitv  troop,  and  disponed  Iho  Bssailants,  capturing  the  leaders.     The  Academy 
legeof  Philadelphia   required  by  its  oharter  an  oath  of  allegiance  to 
Britain.      JLn  act  wa   passed  November  27,  1779,  abrog 
the  former  oharter,  and  vesting  its  property  in  a  aew  board     An  endowment 
tatee  was  settled  upon  it  of    Eir>.()0(>  annually.     The  name 
of  the  institution  was  changed  to  the  "UniverBitg    of  the  State  of  Pennsyl- 
vania." 

France  WBS  now  aiding  the  American  cause  with  money  ami  largo  land 
ami  naval  forces.  While  some  of  the  patriots  remained  steadfast  and  were 
disposed  to  sacrifice  and  endure  all  tor  the  success  of  the  struggle,  many,  who 
should  have  been  in  the  ranks  rallying  around  Washington,  had  grown  luke- 
warm The  Genera]  wasmortified  that  the  French  should  come  across  the 
oeean  and  make  greal  sacrifices  to  help  us.  and  ahould  find  so  much  indiffer- 
revailing  among  the  citizens  of  many  of  the  states,  and  bo  fev<  coming 
forward  to  till  up  the  decimated  ranks.  At  the  request  of  Washington.  Presi- 
dent Reed  was  invested  with  extraordinary  powers,  in  1780,  which  were  used 
prudently  hut  effectively.  During  the  winter  .if  this  year,  some  of  tho  veteran 
soldiers  of  the  Pennsylvania  line  mutinied  and  commenced  the  march  on 
Philadelphia  with  arms  in  their  hands.  Borne  of  them  had  just  cause.  They 
bad  enlisted  for  -'three  years  or  the  war,"'  meaning  for  three  years  unless 
i  closed  sooner.  Bui  the  authorities  had  interpreted  it  to  mean,  three 
rears,  or  as  d  i  as  the  war  should  last.     President  Reed  immediately 

rode  out  to  meel  the  mutineers,  heard  their  cause,  and  pledged  if  all  would  re- 
turn to  camp,  to  have  those  who  had  honorably  served  out  the  full  term  of 
lischarged,  which  was  agreed  to.  Before  the  arrival  of  tho  Presi- 
dent, two  emissaries  from  the  enemy  who  had  heard  of  the  disaffection,  came 
int..  camp,  offering  strong  inducement-  tor  them  to  continue  tho  revolt.  But 
the  mutineers  spurned  the  offer,  and  delivered  them  over  to  the  officers,  by 
whom  they  were  tried  and  executed  as  spies.  The  soldiers  who  had  so  patriot 
ically  arrested  and  handed  over  these  messengers  were  offered  a  reward  of  fifty 
guineas;   hut  thev  refused  it  on  the  plea  that  they  were  acting  under  authority 

of  the  Board  of  Sergeants,  under  whoseorder  the  mutiny  was  being  conducted. 

lingly,  a  hundred  guineas  were  offered  to  this  board  for  their  fidelity. 
Their  answer  showed  how  conscientious  oven  mutineers  can  be:  "It  was  not 
for  the  sake,  or  through  any  expectation  of  reward;  but.  for  the  love  of  our 
country,  that  we  sent  the  "spies  immediately  to  Gen.  Wayne;  we  therefore 
do  not" consider  ourselves  entitled  to  any  other  reward  but  the  love  of  our 
conntrv.  and   do  jointly  'cept  of  no  other." 

William  Moore  was  elected  President  to  succeed  Joseph  Reed,  from  No- 
vember 1  1.  1781,  but  held  tho  office  less  than  one  year,  the  term  of  three  years 
fox  which  he  had  been  a  Councilman  having  expired,  which  was  the  limit  of 
service.  James  Potter  was  chosen  Vice  President.  On  account  of  tho  hostile 
attitude  of  the  Ohio  Indians,  it  was  decided  to  Call  out  a  body  of  volunteers, 
numbering  some  400  from  the  counties  of  Washington  and  Westmoreland, 
where  the  outrages  upon  the  Bottlers  had  been  most  sorely  felt,  who  chose  for 
their  commander  Col.  William  Crawford,  of  Westmoreland  The  expedition 
met  a  most,  unfortunate  fate.  It  was  defeated  and  cut  to  pieces,  and  tho 
leader  taken  captive  and  burned  at  the  stake.     Crawford   County,  which   was 

1  very  soon  afterward,  was  named  in  honor  of  this  unfortunate  soldier. 
In  the  month  of  November,  intelligence  was  communicated  to  the  Legislature 
that  Pennsylvania  soldiers,  confined  as  prisoners  of  war  on  board  of  the  Jer- 
sey, an  old' hulk  lying  in  the  New  York  Harbor,  were  in  a  starving  condition, 
receiving  at  the  hands  of  the  enemy  the  most  barbarous  and  inhuman   treat- 


112  HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

nient.     Fifty  barrels  of   flour   and  300  bushels  of  potatoes  were   immediately 
sent  to  them. 

In  the  State  election  of  1782,  contested  with  great  violence,  John  Dickin- 
son was  chosen  President,  and  James  Ewing  Vice  President.  On  the  12th  of 
March,  1783,  intelligence  was  first  received  of  the  signing  of  the  preliminary 
treaty  in  which  independence  was  acknowledged,  and  on  the  11th  of  April 
Congress  sent  forth  the  joyful  proclamation  ordering  a  cessation  of  hostilities. 
The  soldiers  of  Burgovne,  who  had  been  confined  in  the  prison  camp  at  Lan- 
caster, were  put  upon  the  march  for  New  York,  passing  through  Philadelphia 
on  the  way.  Everywhere  was  joy  unspeakable.  The  obstructions  were  re- 
moved from  the  Delaware,  and  the  white  wings  of  commerce  again  came  flut- 
tering on  every  breeze.  In  June,  Pennsylvania  soldiers,  exasperated  by  delay 
in  receiving  their  pay  and  their  discharge,  and  impatient  to  return  to  their 
homes,  to  a  considerable  number  marched  from  their  camp  at  Lancaster,  and 
arriving  at  Philadelphia  sent  a  committee  with  arms  in  their  hands  to  the 
State  House  door  with  a  remonstrance  asking  permission  to  elect  officers  to 
command  them  for  the  redress  of  their  grievances,  their  own  having  left  them, 
and  employing  threats  in  case  of  refusal.  These  demands  the  Council  rejected. 
The  President  of  Congress,  hearing  of  these  proceedings,  called  a  special  ses- 
sion, which  resolved  to  demand  that  the  militia  of  the  State  should  be  called 
out  to  quell  the  insurgents.  The  Council  refused  to  resort  to  this  extreme 
measure,  when  Congress,  watchful  of  its  dignity  and  of  its  supposed  supreme 
authority,  left  Philadelphia  and  established  itself  in  Princeton,  N.  J.,  and 
though  invited  to  return  at  its  next  session,  it  refused,  and  met  at  Annapolis. 
In  October,  1784,  the  last  treaty  was  concluded  with  the  Indians  at  Fort 
Stanwix.  The  Commissioners  at  this  conference  purchased  from  the  natives 
all  the  land  to  the  north  of  the  Ohio  Eiver,  and  the  line  of  Pine  Creek,  which 
completed  the  entire  limits  of  the  State  with  the  exception  of  the  triangle  at 
Erie,  which  was  acquired  from  the  United  States  in  1792.  This  purchase 
was  confirmed  by  the  Wyandots  and  Delawares  at  Fort  Mcintosh  January  21, 
1785,  and  the  grant  was  made  secure. 

In  September,  1785,  after  a  long  absence  in  the  service  of  his  country 
abroad,  perfecting  treaties,  and  otherwise  establishing  just  relations  with  other 
nations,  the  venerable  Benjamin  Franklin,  then  nearly  eighty  years  old,  feel- 
in»  the  infirmities  of  age  coming  upon  him,  asked  to  be  relieved  of  the  duties 
of  "Minister  at  the  Court  of  France,  and  returned  to  Philadelphia.  Soon  after 
his  arrival,  he  was  elected  President  of  the  Council.  Charles  Biddle  was 
elected  Vice  President.  It  was  at  this  period  that  a  citizen  of  Pennsylvania, 
John  Fitch,  secured  a  patent  on  his  invention  for  propelling  boats  by  steam. 
In  May,  1787,  the  convention  to  frame  a  constitution  for  the  United  States 
met  in  Philadelphia.  The  delegation  from  Pennsylvania  was  Benjamin  Frank- 
lin, Robert  Morris,  Thomas  Mifflin,  George  Clyraer,  Thomas  Fitzsimons,  Jared 
Ingersoll,  James  Wilson  and  Gouverneur  Morris.  Upon  the  completion  of 
their  work,  the  instrument  was  submitted  to  the  several  States  for  adoption.  A 
convention  was  called  in  Pennsylvania,  which  met  on  the  2 1st  of  November,  and 
though  encountering  resolute  opposition,  it  was  finally  adopted  on  the  12th  of  De- 
cember. On  the  following  day,  the  convention,  the  Supreme  Council  and  offi- 
cers of  the  State  and  city  government,  moved  in  procession  to  the  old  court 
house,  where  the  adoption  of  the  constitution  was  formally  proclaimed  amidst 
the  booming  of  cannon  and  the  ringing  of  bells. 

On  the  5th  of  November,  1788,  Thomas  Mifflin  was  elected  President,  and 
George  Ross  Vice  President.  The  constitution  of  the  State,  framed  in  and 
adapted  to  the  exigencies  of  an  emergency,  was  ill  suited  to  the  needs  of  State 


U4  HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

in  its  relatione  to  the  new  nation.  Accordingly,  a  conven tion  gambled  *<? 
the  purpose  of  preparing  a  new  constitution  in  November  1789,  which  was 
finally  adopted  on  September  2,  1790.  By  the  provisions  of  this  instrument. 
*ve  Executive  Council  was  abolished,  and  the  executive  duties  were  vested  in 
the  hands  of  a  Governor.  Legislation  was  intrusted  to  an  Assembly  and  a 
Senate.  The  judicial  system  was  continued,  the  terms  of  the  Judges  extend- 
ing through  good  behavior. 


CHAPTER  XIII. 

Thomas  Mifflin,  1788-99-Thohas  McKean,  1799-1808-Simon  Snyder .1808-17- 

wf^IAM    FINDLAY,  1817-20-JOSEPH  HeISTER.  1820-23-JOHN  A.  SHULZE,  18>3 

-29— George  Wolfe.  1829-35-Josefh  Ritner,  1835-39. 

THE  first  election  under  the  new  Constitution  resulted  in  the  choice  of 
Thomas  Mifflin,  who  was  re-elected  for  three  successive  terms,  giving  him 
the  distinction  of  having  been  longer  in  the  executive  chair  than  any  other 
person,  a  period  of  eleven  years.  A  system  of  internal  improvements  was  now 
commenced,  by  which  vast  water  communications  were  undertaken  and  a  moun- 
tain of  debt  was  accumulated,  a  portion  of  which  hangs  over  the  State  to  this 
rlav  In  1793  the  Bank  of  Pennsylvania  was  chartered,  one-third  ot  the  cap- 
ital stock  of  which  was  subscribed  for  by  the  State.  Branches  were  established 
at  Lancaster  Harrisburg,  Reading,  Easton  and  Pittsburgh.  The  branches 
were  dTsconi nued  in  1810;  in  1843,  the  stock  held  by  the  State  was  sold,  and 
Tn  1857  it  ceased  to  exist.  In  1793,  the  yellow  fever  visited  Phila- 
rlplnhia  It  was  deadly  in  its  effects  and  produced  a  panic  unparalleled. 
Gov  Mifflin,  and  Alexander  Hamilton,  Secretary  of  the  United  States  Treasury 
were  attacked.  "  Men  of  affluent  fortunes,  who  gave  daily  employment  and 
subsistence  to  hundreds,  were  abandoned  to  the  care  of  a  negro .after  their 
wives  children,  friends,  clerks  and  servants  had  fled  away  and  left  them  to 
Their  We.  In  Borne  cases,  at  the  commencement  of  the  disorder  no  money 
could  procure  proper  attendance.  Many  of  the  poor  perished  without  a  hu- 
man bein-  to  hand  them  a  drink  of  water,  to  administer  medicines  or  to  per- 
£rm  any  charitable  office  for  them.     Nearly  5,000  perished  by  this  wasting 

^ThTwhisky  insurrection  in  some  of  the  western  counties  of  the  State 
which  occurred  in  1794,  excited,  by  its  lawlessness  and  wide  exten  ,  general 
Seres?  In  act  of  Congress,  of  March  3,  1791,  laid  a  tax  ondisti  led  spirits 
of  TcS  pence  per  gallon."  The  then  counties  of  Washington  Westmoreland, 
Allegheny  and  Fayette,  comprising  the  southwestern  quarter  of  the  State, 
were° almost  exclusively  engaged  in  the  production  of  gram  Being  far  re- 
moved from  any  market,  the  product  of  their  farms  brought  them  scarcely  any 
"turns  The  consequence  was  that  a  large  proportion  of  the  surplus  grain 
was  turned  into  distilled  spirits,  and  nearly  every  other  farmer  was  a  distiller 
This  tax  was  seen  to  bear  heavily  upon  them,  from  which  a  non-producer  of 
spirits  was  relieved.  A  rash  determination  was  formed  to  resist  its  collection, 
and  a  belief  entertained,  if  all  were  united  in  resisting,  ^  ™*ldnbe  ,^ke*  *£K 
Frequent  altercations  occurred  between  the  persons  appointed  United  States 
Collectors  and  these  resisting  citizens.      As  an  example,  on  the   5th  of  Septem- 


BIST0E1   OP  i'iA\svi.\  am  \  Hf, 

791,  a  party  in  disguise  sel  apon  Robert  Johnson,  a  Collector  fur  Alle- 
gheny and  Washington,  tarred  and  Feathered  him,  oal  off  his  bair,  took  away 
his  horse,  and  1  ** Tt  him  in  this  plight  d>  proceed.  Writs  for  the  arrest  of  the 
perpetrators  were  issued,  but  none  dared  to  venture  into  tho  territory  to  serve 
them.  On  Ma]  8,  1792,  the  law  was  modified,  and  the  tax  reduced.  In  Soptom 
bar,  1792,  President  Washington  issuod  his  proclamation  comnmndingall  per 
ul  mi  it  to  tli»>  law,  and  to  forbear  fromforther  opposition.  Butthesemeas 
ores  had  no  effect,  and  the  insurgents  began  to  organize  for  forcible  resist. 
anoe.  One  Maj.  Rffaofarlane,  who  in  command  of  a  party  of  insurrectionists, 
was  killed  in  an  encounter  with  United  States  soldiers  at  the  house  of  Gen. 
Neville.  The  feeling  now  ran  very  high,  and  it  was  hardly  safe  for  any  per- 
son to  breathe  a  whisper  against  the  insurgents  throughout  all  this  district. 
"A  breath,"  tridge,   "in  favor  of  the  law,  was  sufficient  to  ruin 

.my  man.  A  clergyman  was  not  thought  orthodox  in  the  pulpit  unless  against 
the  law.  A  physician  was  not  oapable  of  administering  medicine,  unless  his 
principles  were  right  in  this  respect.  A  lawyer  could  get  no  practice,  nor 
a  merchant  at  a  country  store  get  custom  if  for  tho  law.  On  the  contrary,  to 
talk  against  the  law  was  the  way  to  office  and  emolument.  To  go  to  the 
Legislature  or  to  Congress  you  must  make  a  noise  againsf  it.  It  was  the  Shib 
boleth  of  safety  and  the  ladder  of  ambition  "  One  Bradford  hail,  of  his  own 
notion,  issned  a  circular  letter  to  the  Colonels  of  regiments  to  assemble  with 
their  commands  at  Braddock's  field  on  the  1st  of  August,  where  they  appoint- 
ed offici  ?s  and  moved  on  to  Pittsburgh.  After  having  burned  a  barn,  and 
made  some  noisy  demonstrations,  they  were  induced  by  some  cool  heads  to  re- 
turn. These  turbulent  proceedings  coming  to  the  ears  of  the  State  and  Na- 
tional authorities  at  Philadelphia,  measures  were  concerted  to  promptly  and 
effectually  check  them.  Gov.  Mifflin  appointed  Chief  Justice  McKean,  and 
Gen.  William  Irvine  to  proceed  to  the  disaffected  district,  ascertain  the  facts, 
and  ti)  to  bring  the  leaders  to  justice.  President  Washington  issued  a  proc- 
lamation commanding  all  persons  in  arms  to  disperse  to  their  homes  on  or  be 
fore  the  1st  uf  September,  proximo,  and  called  out  the  militia  of  four  States 
Pennsylvania,  New  Jersey,  Maryland  and  Virginia — to  the  number  of  13,000 
men.  to  enforce  his  commands.  The  quota  of  Pennsylvania  was  4,500  infan- 
rtillery,  and  Gov.  Mifflin  took  command  in  person. 
Gov.  Richard  Howell,  of  New  Jersey,  Gov.  Thomas  S.  Lee,  of  Maryland,  and 
Gen.  Daniel  Morgan,  of  Virginia,  commanded  the  forces  from  their  States, 
and  Gov.  Benrj  Lee.  of  Virginia,  was  placed  in  chief  command.  President 
Washington,  accompanied  by  Gen.  Knox.  Secretary  of  War.  Alexander  Hamil- 
ton, Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  and  Richard  Peters,  of  the  United  States  Dis- 
trict Court,  set  out  on  the  1st  of  October,  for  the  seat  of  the  disturbance.  On 
Friday,  the  President  reached  Harrisburg,  and  on  Saturday  Carlisle,  whither 
tho  army  had  preceded  him.  In  the  meantime  a  committee,  consisting  of 
Jamee  Ross,  Jasper  Yeates  and  William  Bradford,  was  appointed  by  President 
Washington  to  proceed  to  the  disaffected  district,  and  endeavor  to  persuade 
misguided  citizens  to  return  to  their  allegiance. 

A.  meeting  of  260  delegates  from  the  four  counties  was  held  at  Parkinson's 
Ferry  on  the  1  i 1 1 1  of  August.,  at  which  the  state  of  their  cause  was  considered, 

:  ims  adopted,  and  a  committee  of  sixty,  one  from  each  county,  v 
pointed,  and  a  sub-committee  of  twelve  was  named  to  confer  with  lite  United 
States  Commissioners,  McKean  and  Irvine.  These  conferences  with  the  State 
and  National  Committees  were  successful  in  arranging  preliminary  conditions 
of  settlement.  On  the  2d  of  October,  the  Committee  of  Safety  of  the  insur- 
gents met  at  Parkinson's  Ferry,  and  having  now  learned  that  a  well-organized 


HQ  HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

army   with  Washington  at  its  head,   was  marching  westward  for  enforcing 
obeXeSe to  the  laws,  appointed  a  committee  of  two,  William  Findley  and 
David  ReVdick,  to  meet  the  President,  and  assure  bim  that  he  disaffected  were 
Soosed  to  return  to  their  duty.     They  met  Washington  at  Carlisle,  and  sev- 
eral conferences  were  held,  and  assurances  given  of  implicit  obedience;  but 
the  President  said  that  as  the  troops  had  been  called  out,  the  orders   for    he 
march  would  not  be  countermanded.      The  President  proceeded  forward  on  the 
Uth  of  October  to  Chambersburg,  reached  Williamsport  on  the  13th  and  Fort 
Cumberland  on  the  Uth,  where  he  reviewed  the  Virginia  and  Mary  and  forces, 
^Tarrived  at  Bedford  on  the  19th     Remaining  a  few  days,  and  being  satis- 
fled  that  the  sentiment  of  the  people  had  changed,  he  returned  to  Philadel- 
nhia   arrival  on  the  28th,  leaving  Gen.  Lee  to  meet  the  Commissioners  and 
S;  such  conditions  of  pacification  as  should  seem  just.      Another  meeting  erf 
the  Committee  of  Safety  was  held  at  Parkinson's  Ferry  on  the  24th   at  which 
assurances  of  abandonment  of  opposition  to  the  laws  were  received    and  the 
same  committee,  with  the  addition  of  Thomas  Morton  and  Ephriam  Douglass, 
™SS  to  return  to  headquarters  and  give  assurance  o    this  disposi  ion 
Thev  did  not  reach  Bedford  until  after  the  departure  of  Washington.      But  at 
Uniontown  they  met  Gen.  Lee,  with  whom  it  was  agreed  that  the  citizens 
of  these  four  counties  should  subscribe  to  an  oath  to  support  the  Constitution 
and  obey  the  laws.      Justices  of  the  Peace  issued  notices  that  books  were  opened 
Lr  subsSng  to  the  oath,  and  Gen.  Lee  issued  a  Jficious  address  urging 
readv  obedience.     Seeing  that  all  reqnirments  were  being  faithfully  can  led 
out   an  ordei  was  issued  on  the  17th  of  November  for  the  return  of  the  army 
and  its  dtbandment.      A  number  of  arrests  were   made  and  trials  and  convic- 
tions were  had,  but  all  were  ultimately  pardoned. 

With  the  exception  of  a  slight  ebulition  a  the  prospect  of  a  wa  with  France 
iu  1797, and  a  resistance  to  the  operation  of  the  "  Homestead  Tax  in  Lehigh, 
Berks  and  Northampton  Counties,  when  the  militia  was  called  ou^  the  re- 
mainder of  the  term  of  Gov.  Mifflin  passed  m  comparative  quiet  By  an  act 
Tthe  Legislature  of  the  3d  of  April,  1799,  the  capital  o  the  State  was  re 
moved  to  Lancaster,  and  soon  after  the  capital  of  the  United  States  to  Wash- 
[n°  ton,  the  house  on  Ninth  street,  which  had  been  built  for  he  residence  of  the 
Snt  of  the  United  States,  passing  to  the  use  of  the  University  of  Pennsjl- 

ValDurinc  the  administrations  of  Thomas  McKean,  who  was  elected  Governor 
in  1799  and  Simon  Snyder  in  1808,  little  beyond  heated  political  contests 
markedthe  even  tenor  of  the  government,  until  the  breaking-out  o  the  roub- 
^  which  eventuated  in  the  war  of  1812.  The  blockade  of  the  coast  of  France 
n  1806  and  the  retaliatory  measures  of  Napoleon  in  his  Berlin  decree  swept 
American  commerce,  which  had  hitherto  preserved  a  neutral  attitude  and  prof- 
fted  by  European  wars,  from  the  seas.  The  haughty  conduct  of  Great  Britain 
n  boarding  American  vessels  for  suspected  deserters  from  the  British  Navy 
under  cover  of  which  the  grossest  outrages  were  committed,  American  seaman 
beinc  dragged  from  the  decks  of  their  vessels  and  impressed  into  the  English 
se  vice,  infuced  President  Jefferson  in  July,  1807,  to  issue ,hie 'P«*Jr^3 
ordering  all  Brit.sh  armed  vessels  to  leave  the  waters  of  the  United  States,  and 
forbidding  any  to  enter,  until  satisfaction  for  the  past  and  security  for  the 
future  should  be  provided  for.  Upon  the  meeting  of  Congress  in  December 
an  embargo  was  laid,  detaining  all  vessels,  American  and  foreign,  then  in 
American  waters,  and  ordering  home  all  vessels  abroad  Negotiations  were 
conducted  between  the  two  countries,  but  no  demiite  results  were  reached  and 
in  the  meantime  causes  of  irritation  multiplied  until  1812,  when  President 


BISTORT  OF  PBNN81  i.\  kNl  L  1 1" 

Madison  deolared  war  against  Great  Britain,  known  as  the  war  of  1812. 
Pennsylvania  promptly  seconded  1 1  *  * »  National  Government,  the  message  of 
3nyder  on  the  occasion  ringing  lik<>  a  silver  olarion.  The  national  call 
for  100.000  men  requireil  1  1,000  from  this  Slate,  lint  so  great  was  the  enthtl- 
iveral  braes  this  number  tendered  their  services.  The  State  force 
was  organized  in  two  divisions,  to  the  oommand  of  the  first  of  which  Maj 
(Jen.  Isaac  Morrell  was  appointed,  and  to  the  second  Maj.  Gen.  Adanmon  Tau- 
nehiH.  Gunboats  and  privateers  were  buill  in  the  harbor  of  Erie  and  on  the 
Delaware,  and  the  defenses  upon  the  latter  were  put  in  order  and  suitable 
armaments  provided.  At  Tippecanoe,  at  Detroit,  at  Queonstown  Heights,  at 
the  River  Raisin,  at  Fort  Stephenson,  aud  at  the  River  Thames,  the  war  was 
waged  with  varying  success.  Upon  the  water,  Commodores  Decatur,  Hull, 
Jones,  Perry,  Lawrence,  Porter  and  McDonough  made  a  bright  chapter  in 
American  history,  as  was  to  be  wished,  inasmuch  as  the  war  had  been  under 
taken  to  vindicate  the  honor  and  integrity  of  that  branch  of  the  service.  Napo- 
leon, having  met  with  disaster,  and  his  power  having  been  broken,  1-1,000  of 
Wellington's  veterans  were  sent  to  Canada,  and  the  campaign  of  the  next  year 
was  opened  with  vigor.  But  at  the  battles  of  Oswego,  Chippewa,  Lundy's 
Lane,  Fort  Erie  and  Plattsburg,  the  tide  was  turned  against  the  enemy,  and 
the  country  saved  from  invasion.  The  act  which  created  most  alarm  to 
Pennsylvania  was  one  of  vandalism  scarcely  matched  in  the  annals  of  war- 
fare. In  August,  1814,  Gen.  Ross,  with  6,000  men  in  a  flotilla  of  sixty  sails, 
moved  up  Chesapeake  Bay,  fired  the  capitol,  President's  house  and  the  various 
offices  of  cabinet  ministers,  and  these  costly  and  substantial  buildings,  the  nation- 
al library  and  all  the  records  of  the  Government  from  its  foundation  were  utterly 
destroyed.  Shortly  afterward,  Ross  appeared  before  Baltimore  with  the  design 
of  multiplying  his  barbarisms,  but  he  was  met  by  a  force  hastily  collected  under 
Gen.  Samuel  Smith,  a  Pennsylvania  veteran  of  the  Revolution,  and  in  the  brief 
engagement  which  ensued  Ross  was  killed.  In  the  severe  battle  with  the 
corps  of  Gen  Strieker,  the  British  lost  some  300  men.  The  fleet  in  the  mean- 
time opened  a  fierce  bombardment  of  Fort  McHenry,  and  during  the  day  and 
g  night  1,500  bombshells  were  thrown,  but  all  to  no  purpose,  the  gal- 
lant defense  of  Maj.  Armistead  proving  successful.  It  was  during  this  awful 
night  that  Maj.  Key,  who  was  a  prisoner  on  board  the  fleet,  wrote  the  song  of 
the  Star  Spangled  Banner,  which  became  tho  national  lyric.  It  was  in  the  ad- 
ministration of  Gov.  Snydei  in  February,  1810,  that  an  act  was  passed  making 
Harrisburg  the  seat  of  government,  and  a  commission  raised  for  erecting  public 
buildings,  the  sessions  of  the  Legislature  being  held  in  the  court  house  at  Har- 
risburg from  1812  to  1821. 

The  administrations  of  William  Findley,  elected  in  1817,  Joseph  Heister, 
in  1820,  and  John  Andrew  Schulz  in  1828,  followed  without  marked  events. 
Parties  became  very  warm  in  their  discussions  and  in  their  management  of  po- 
litical campaigns.  The  charters  for  the  forty  banks  which  had  been  passed  in 
a  fit  of  frenzy  over  the  veto  of  Gov.  Snyder  set  a  flood  of  paper  money  afloat. 
The  public  improvements,  principally  in  opening  lines  of  canal,  were  prose- 
cuted, and  vast  debts  incurred.  These  lines  of  conveyances  were  vitally  need- 
ful to  move  the  immense  products  and  vast  resources  of  the  State 

Previous  t  t   1820,  little    use    was  made  of  stone   coal.      Judge 

Obediah  Gore,  a  blacksmith,  used  it  upon  his  forge  as  early  as  1769,  and 
f  uiil  the  heat  stronger  and  more  enduring  than  that  produced  by  charcoal. 
In  1791,  Phillip  Ginter,  of  Carbon  County,  a  hunter  by  profession,  having  on 
one  occasion  been  out  all  day  without  discovering  any  game,  was  returning  at 
night  discouraged  and  worn  out,  across  the  Mauch  Chunk  Mountain,  when,  in 


HIST0R1   OF  PENN81  i  \  \m  \ 


118 


TABLE  SHOWING  hMO\  N  I    OF  A  \  II I  UA(  IIK  COAL  PRODUCED  LN 
i;\(  II  REGIOH  SINCE  L820. 


VI  All 

row 

80S 
1,078 
3,340 
5,838 
9,541 
88,898 
81,880 
32,1)71 
80,882 
85,110 
41.750 

10,966 
70,000 
128,001 
106,244 

131.250 

1 18,211 
338  903 
318,615 
321,035 

225,313 
1 18,087 

267.793 
377.002 
129,458 

517,  in; 

781,656 

690  156 

964,224 

1,072,186 

1,284,118 

Schuylkill 
Ton*. 

l.rken'l 
Btfl  . 

Total  Ton« 

365 

:::::.:::::: :.. 

I  'i. 

1    1-0 

1,128 
1,567 
6,500 
16,767 
81  860 

79,978 
89,984 

s  1 .  85  1 
309  J71 
252,971 
226,692 
889.508 
482,045 

446,875 
468  1 17 
175  091 
608,008 

573. 27)! 

700,200 

874,850 

1,121.724 

1,295,928 

1,650,881 

1,688,  125 
1.782,986 
2,229,426 
2,517,  198 
2,551,608 
3,951  670 
8,818.555 
8,389,585 
3,985,541 

2  902,821 
8,004,958 

3,697,489 

3  890,593 

1,957,180 
1,884,830 
4,414,856 
1,821,258 

6,552,772 

(i  69l,8it0 

7,212,601 
6  866,877 
6,281,712 
6  321,984 
8  195,042 

'•  159  38c 
10,074,726 

3.72H 

6,951 

11,108 

84,898 

48,041 

68,484 

71  511 

7,000 
43.000 
54,000 
84,000 
111.777 
18,700 
90,000 

|OH,  Mil 

115,887 
78,207 
122  800 
148,470 
192,270 
352,599 
385,605 
865,911 
151,886 
518,889 
588,067 
685,196 
782,910 
827,828 
1,156,167 

1,284,£ 

1,475,782 

1,771,511 

1,952,608 
3,186  094 
3  781,286 
2,941,817 

8,960,886 

1,786,616 

5,990,818 
6,068,869 
7,825,128 
6,911,243 

10,809,755 
9,504  W8 

10,596,155 
8,424,158 

11,419,279 

13,071.371 



11,980 
15,505 

21, 163 

10, 1 

10,000 

18,087 
IO.ooo 
12,572 
14,904 
19,856 
15,075 

57, OS! 

99,099 
1 19,842 
118,507 
384,090 
384,888 
818,444 
888,256 
870,424 
148,755 
179  1 16 
468,808 
181  990 
478  418 
519,752 
(121,157 
880,722 
826,851 
921,881 
908,885 
998,889 

:::::::: 

112,088 

ISfll             

174,784 

176,820 



363.871 

187,748 



876,686 

560,758 
684,111 
B79.441 

788,691 

1888    

818,  KM 



864.884 

959,978 

1  108,418 

1,268  598 



1,680,850 

2,018,018 

3,844,005 



3  882  808 



8,089,288 



8,242,966 



l^.-.i           

1, 148,916 

1862         

1,998  171 

8 3   1 



[855      

6  608.511 

6,927,584 

1869      

1,638,811 
1,821,674 

1,894,718 
2,040,918 

6,664,941 
6,759  868 
7,808,258 

8,518,128 



1861 

7,954,814 



10.177,175 
9,652.891 



1866 

12.991,725 

18,884.182 

1869 

1,929,528 

15  849  898 

1871  

i-:.' 

19,089,778 
31,281  951 

30  115  121 

19,713  172 

18,501  'Hi 

8,287,449 



!6  i  !    689 

38, 500,014 

38  [30  091 



31   798  039 

120  HISTORY  0?  PENNSYLVAMA 

the  fathering  shades  he  stumbled  upon  something  which  seemed  to  have  a 
glistening  appearance,  that  he  was  induced  to  pick  up  and  carry  home.  This 
specimen'was  taken  to  Philadelphia,  where  an  analysis  showed  it  to  be  a  good 
quality  of  anthracite  coal.  But,  though  coal  was  known  to  exist,  no  one  knew 
how  to  use  it.  In  1812,  Col.  George  Shoemaker,  of  Schuylkill  County,  took 
nine  wagon  loads  to  Philadelphia.  But  he  was  looked  upon  as  an  imposter 
for  attempting  to  sell  worthless  stone  for  coal.  He  finally  sold  two  loads  for 
the  cost  of  transportation,  the  remaining  seven  proving  a  complete  loss.  In 
1812,  While  &  Hazard,  manufacturers  of  wire  at  the  Falls  of  Schuylkill,  in- 
duced an  application  to  be  made  to  the  Legislature  to  incorporate  a  com 
pany  for  the  improvement  of  the  Schuylkill,  urging  as  an  inducement  the  im- 
portance it  would  have  for  transporting  coal ;  whereupon,  the  Senator  from 
that  district,  in  his  place,  with  an  air  of  knowledge,  asserted  "that  there  was 
no  coal  there,  that  there  was  a  kind  of  black  stone  which  was  called  coal,  but 
that  it  would  not  burn." 

White  &  Hazard  procured  a  cart  load  of  Lehigh  coal  that  cost  them  $1  a 
bushel,  which  was  all  wasted  in  a  vain  attempt  to  make  it  ignite.  Another 
cart  load  was  obtained,  and  a  whole  night  spent  in  endeavoring  to  make  a  fire 
in  the  furnace,  when  the  hands  shut  the  furnace  door  and  left  the  mill  in  de- 
spair. "Fortunately  one  of  them  left  his  jacket  in  the  mill,  and  returning  for 
it  in  about  half  an  hour,  noticed  that  the  door  was  red  hot,  and  upon  opening 
it,  was  surprised  at  finding  the  whole  furnace  at  a  glowing  white  heat.  The 
other  hands  were  summoned,  and  four  separate  parcels  of  iron  were  heated 
and  rolled  by  the  same  fire  before  it  required  renewing.  The  furnace  was 
replenished,  and  as  letting  it  alone  had  succeeded  so  well,  it  was  concluded  to 
try  it  again,  and  the  experiment  was  repeated  with  the  same  result.  The 
Lehigh  Navigation  Company  and  the  Lehigh  Coal  Company  were  incorporated 
in  1818,  which  companies  became  the  basis  of  the  Lehigh  Coal  and  Naviga- 
tion Company,  incorporated  in  1822.  In  1820,  coal  was  sent  to  Philadelphia 
by  artificial  navigation,  but  365  tons  glutted  the  market."  In  1825,  there 
were  brought  by  the  Schuylkill  5,378  tons.  In  1826,  by  the  Schuylkill, 
10,265  tons,  and  by  the  Lehigh  31,280  tons.  The  stage  of  water  being  in- 
sufficient, dams  and  sluices  were  constructed  near  Mauch  Chunk,  in  1819,  by 
which  the  navigation  was  improved.  The  coal  boats  used  were  great  square 
arks,  16  to  18  feet  wide,  and  20  to  25  feet  long.  At  first,  two  of  these  were 
joined  together  by  hinges,  to  allow  them  to  yield  up  and  down  in  passing  over 
the  dams.  Finally,  as  the  boatmen  became  skilled  in  the  navigation,  several 
were  joined,  attaining  a  length  of  180  feet.  Machinery  was  used  for  jointing 
the  planks,  and  so  expert  had  the  men  become  that  five  would  build  an  ark 
and  launch  it  in  forty-five  minutes.  After  reaching  Philadelphia,  these  boats 
were  taken  to  pieces,  the  plank  sold,  and  the  hinges  sent  back  for  constructing 
others.  Such  were  the  crude  methods  adopted  in  the  early  days  for  bringing 
coal  to  a  market.  In  1827,  a  railroad  was  commenced,  which  was  completed 
in  three  months,  nine  miles  in  length.  This,  with  the  exception  of  one  at 
Quincy,  Mass.,  of  four  miles,  built  in  1826,  was  the  first  constructed  in  the 
United  States.  The  descent  was  100  feet  per  mile,  and  the  coal  descended  by 
gravity  in  a  half  hour,  and  the  cars  were  drawn  back  by  mules,  which  rode 
down  with  the  coal.  "The  mules  cut  a  most  grotesque  figure,  standing  three 
or  four  together,  in  their  cars,  with  their  feeding  troughs  before  them,  appar- 
ently surveying  with  delight  the  scenery  of  the  mountain;  and  though  they 
preserve  the  most  profound  gravity,  it  is  utterly  impossible  for  the  spectator 
to  maintain  his.  It  is  said  that  the  mules,  having  once  experienced  the  com- 
fort of  riding  down,  regard  it  as  a  right,  and  neither  mild  nor  severe  measures 


HISTORY  OP  IT.wsyi.v  LNIA.  1-1 

will  indnoe  them  to  descend  in  anj  other  way."  Bituminous  coal  was  disoov- 
•red  and  its  qualities  utilized  not  much  earlier  than  the  anthracite  A  trad 
of  ooal  land  was  taken  up  in  Clearfield  Couuh  in  I7S,">,  In-  Mr.  S.  Boyd,  and 
in  ls,|l  he  sent  an  ark  down  the  Susquehanna  to  Columbia,  which  caused 
much  surprise  to  the  inhabitants  thai  "an  artiole  with  which  they  were  wholly 
unacquainted  Bbonld  be  brought  to  their  own  <loors." 

During  the  administrations  of  George  Wolf,  elected  in  1821),  and  Joseph 
Etitner,  elected  in  1835,  a  measure  of  great  beneficence  to  the  State  was  passed 
an.l  bronght  into  a  good  degree  of  successful  operation  -nothing  less  than  a 
broad  system  of  public  education.  Schools  hail  been  early  established  in 
Philadelphia,  ami  parochial  schools  in  the  more  populous  portions  of  the 
From  the  time  of  early  settlement.  In  174',),  through  the  influence  of 
Dr.  Franklin,  a  charter  was  obtained  for  a  "college,  academy,  and  charity 
of  Pennsylvania,"  ami  from  this  time  to  the  beginning  of  tbo  present 
century,  the  friends  of  education  were  earnest  in  establishing  colleges,  tin 
Colonial  <  lovernment,  and  afterward  the  Legislature,  making  liberal  grants 
from  the  revenue-  accruing  from  the  sale  of  lands  for  their  support,  the  uni 
varsity  of  Pennsylvania  being  chartered  in  17">'_\  Dickinson  College  in  1783, 
Franklin  and  Marshall  College  in  1787,  and  Jefferson  College  in  1802.  Com- 
mencing near  the  beginning  of  this  century,  and  continuing  for  over  a  period 
of  thirty  years,  vigorous  evrtions  were  put  forth  to  establish  county  acad 
emies.      Cine  ranted    for  these   institutions    at    the   county  seats  of 

;  rtj  "lie  counties,  and  appropriations  were  made  of  money,  varying  from 
$2,000  to  $6  000,  and  iii  several  instances  of  quite  extensive  land  grants.  In 
1809,  an  act  was  passed  for  the  education  of  the  ''poor,  gratis."  The  Asses 
BOT8  in  their  annual  rounds  wore  to  make  a  record  of  all  such  as  were  indi- 
gent, and  pay  for  their  education  in  the  most  convenient  schools.  But  few 
were  found  among  tii"  spirited  inhabitants  of  the  commonwealth  willing  to 
admit  that    they  were  so  poor  as  to  be  objects  of  charily. 

By  the  act  of  April  I,  1834,  a  general  system  of  education  by  common 
was  established  I'nfortunately  it  was  complex  and  unwieldy.  At  the 
next  session  an  attempt  was  made  to  repeal  it.  and  substitute  the  old  law  of 
1809  for  educating  the  "  poor,  gratis,"  the  repeal  having  been  carried  in  the 
Senate.  But  through  the  appeals  of  Thaddeus  Stevens,  a  man  always  in  the 
van  in  every  movement  for  the  elevation  of  mankind,  this  was  defeated.  At 
the  next  session,  lSllll,  an  entirely  new  bill,  discarding  the  objectionable  feat- 
ures of  the  old  one.  was  prepared  by  Dr.  George  Smith,  of  Delaware  County, 
and  adopted,  and  from  this  time  forw  ard  has*  been  in  efficient  operation  It  may 
irange  that  so  long  a  time  should  have  elapsed  before  a  general  system  of 
education  should  have  been  secured.  But  the  diversity  of  origin  and  lau- 
roage,  the  antagonism  of  religious  seats,  the  very  great  sparseness  of  popula- 
tion in  many  parts,  made  it  impossible  at  an  earlier  day  to  establish  schools, 
in  was  improved  by  engrafting  upon  it  the  feature  of  the 
County  Superintendeney.  and  in  lS.V.i  h\  providing  for  the  establishment  of 
twelve  Normal  Schools,  in  as  many  districts  into  which  the  State  was  divided, 
for  the  .professional  training  of  teachers. 


122  HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


CHAPTER  XIY. 

David  R  Porter,  1839-15— Francis  R.  Shpnk,  1845-48— William  F.  Johnstone 
1848-52— William  Bigler,  1853-55— James  Pollock,  1855-58— William  F. 
Packer  1858-61 -Andrew  G.  Curtin,  1861-67— John  W.  Geary,  1867-73— 
John  F.  Hartranft,  1873-78— Henry  F.  Hoyt,  1878-82— Robert  E.  Pat- 
tison,  1S82. 


I 


N  1837,  a  convention  assembled  in  Harrisburg,  and  subsequently  in  Philadel- 
—  phi  a,  for  revising  the  constitution,  which  revision  was  adopted  by  a  vote  of 
the  people.     One  of  the  chief  objects   of  the  change  was  the  breaking  up  of 
what  was  known  as   "omnibus    legislation."  each  bill  being  required  to  have 
but  one  distinct  subject,  to  be  definitely  stated  in  the  title.     Much  of  the  pat- 
ronage of  the  Governor  was  taken  from  him,  and  he  was  allowed  but  two  terms 
of  three  vears  in  any  nine  years.      The  Senator's  term  was  fixed  at  three  years. 
The  terms  of  Supreme  Court  Judges  were  limited  to  fifteen  years,  Common 
Pleas  Judges  to  ten,  and  Associate  Judges  to  five.     A  step  backward  was  taken 
in  limiting  suffrage  to  white  male  citizens  twenty-one  years  old,  it  having  pre- 
viously been  extended  to  citizens  irrespective  of  color.      Amendments  could  be 
proposed  once  in  five   years,  and   if  adopted  by  two  successive  Legislatures, 
and  approved  by  a  vote  of  the  people,  they  became  a  part  of  the  organic  law. 
At  the  opening  of  the  gubernatorial   term  of  David   R.  Porter,  who  was 
chosen  in  October,  1838,  a  civil  commotion  occurred  known  as  the  Buckshot 
War  which  at  one  time   threatened  a   sanguinary  result.      By  the    returns, 
Porter  had  some  5,000  majority  over  Ritner,  but  the   latter,  who  was  the  in- 
cumbent, alleged  frauds,  and  proposed  an  investigation   and  revision   of  the 
returns.      Thomas  H.  Burrows  was  Secretary  of    State,  and  Chairman   of  the 
State  Committee  of  the  Anti- Masonic  party,  and  in  an  elaborate  address  to  the 
people  setting  forth  the  grievance,  he  closed  with  the  expression  "  let  us  treat 
the  election  as   if  we  had  not  been  defeated."     This   expression   gave  great 
offense  to  the  opposing  party,  the  Democratic,  and  public  feeling  ran  high 
before  the  meeting  of  the  Legislature.    Whether  an  investigation  could  be  had 
would  depend  upon  the  political  complexion  of  that.  body.     The   Senate  was 
clearly  Anti-Masonic,  and  the  House  would  depend  upon  the  Representatives  of 
a  certain  district  in  Philadelphia,  which  embraced   the  Northern  Liberties. 
The  returning  board  of  this  district  had   a  majority  of  Democrats,  who  pro- 
ceeded to  throw  out  the  entire  vote  of  Northern   Liberties,  for  some  alleged 
irregularities,  and  gave  the  certificate  to  Democrats.     Whereupon,  the  minor- 
ity of  the  board  assembled,  and  counted  the  votes  of  the  Northern  Liberties, 
which  gave  the  election  to  the  Anti-Masonic  candidates,  and  sent  certificates 
accordingly.     By  right  and  justice,  there  is  no  doubt  that  the  Anti-Masons 
were    fairly    elected.     But  the  majority   of    a   returning  board   alone    have 
authority  to  make  returns,  and  the  Democrats  had  the  certificates  which  bore 
prima  facie   evidence   of  being  correct,  and  should  have  been  received  and 
transmitted  to  the  House,  where  alone  rested  the  authority  to  go  behind  the 
returns  and  investigate  their  correctness.     But  upon  the  meeting  of  the  House 
the  Secretary  of  the  Commonwealth  sent  in  the  certificates  of  the  minority  of 
the  returning  board  of  the  Northern  Liberties  district,  which  gave  the  major- 
;'v  to  the  Anti -Masons.     But  the  Democrats  were  not  disposed  to  submit,  and 


HI8T0B1    OP  PKNNB1  MAMA.  1^3 

is  that  two  delegations  trom  the  disputed  district  appeared, 
demanding  Beats,  and  apon  the  organization,  two  Speakers  vere  elected  and 
took  the  platform  Thomas  s.  Onnningham  for  the  Ami  Masons,  and  Will, 
iam  Hopkins  for  the  Democrats.  At  this  stage  of  the  game,  an  infuriated 
lobby,  collected  trom  Philadelphia  and  surrounding  cities,  broke  into  the, 
two  Souses,  and.  interrupting  all  business,  threatened  the  lives  of  members, 
and  compelled  them  to  seek  safety  in  flight,  when  thoj  took  uncontrolled  pos 
session  of  the  chambers  and  indulged  in  noisy  and  impassioned  haranguee 
From  the  caj)it<il,  the  mob  proceeded  to  the  court  house,  where  a  "committee 
of  safety"  was  appointed.  For  several  days  the  members  dared  not  enter 
either  House,  and  when  one  of  the  patties  of  the  House  attempted  to  assemble, 
the  person  who  had  hern  appointed  to  act  as  Speaker  was  forcibly  ejected.  All 
business  was  at  an  end,  and  the  Kxceutive  and  State  Departments  wereclosed. 
At  this  juncture,  Gov.  Kitner  ordered  out  the  militia,  and  sit  the  same  time 
called  on  the  United  States  authorities  for  help.  The  militia,  under  Gens. 
Pattis,  ,n  and  A  lexander,  came  promptly  to  the  rescue,  but  the  Presidentrofused 
to  furnish  the  National  troops,  though  the  United  States  storekeeper  at,  the 
Frankford  Arsenal  turned  over  a  liberal  supply  of  ball  and  buckshot  cartridges. 
The  arrival  of  the  militia  only  served  to  fire  the  spirit  of  the  lobby,  and  the] 
immediately  commenced  drilling  and  organizing,  supplying  themselves  with 
arms  and  fixed  ammunition.  The  militia  authorities  were,  however,  able  to 
clear  the  capitol,  when  the  two  Houses  assembled,  and  the  Senate  signified  the 
willingness  to  recognize  that  branch  of  the  House  presided  over  by  Mr.  Hop- 
kins.     This  ended  the  difficulty,  and  Gov.  Porter  was  duly  inaugurated. 

Francis  R.  Shunk  was  chosen  Governor  in  1845,  and  during  his  term  of 
office  the  war  with  Mexico  occurred.  Two  volunteer  regiments,  one  under 
command  of  Col.  Wynkoop,  and  the  other  under  Col.  Roberts,  subsequently 
Col.  John  W.  Geary,  were  sent  to  the  field,  while  the  services  of  a  much 
larger  number  were  offered,  but  could  not  be  received.  Toward  the  close  of 
his  lirst  term,  havii  I  ness,  and  feeliug  his  end  approach- 

ing, Gov.  Shunk  resigned,  and  was  succeeded  by  the  Speaker  of  the  Senate, 
William  F.  Johnston,  who  was  duly  chosen  at  the  next  annual  election.  Dur- 
ing the  administrations  of  William  Bigler,  elected  in  1851,  James  Pollock  in 
1S51,  and  William  F.  Packer  in  1857,  little  beyond  the  ordinary  course  of 
events  marked  the  history  of  the  State.  The  lines  of  public  works  undertaken 
at  the  expense  of  the  State  were  completed.  Their  cost  had  been  enormous, 
and  a  debt  was  piled  up  against  it  of  over  $40,000,000.  These  works,  vastly 
ive,  were  Btill  to  operate  and  keep  in  repair,  and  the  revenues  therefrom 
failing  to  meet  expectations,  it  w&c  determined  in  the  administration  of  Gov. 
Pollock  to  --I'll  them  to  the  highest  bidder,  the  Pennsylvania  Kailroad  Com- 
pany purchasing  them  for  the  buuj  of  $7,500,000. 

In  the  administration  of  Gov.  Packer,  petroleum  was  first  discovered  in 
quantities  in  this  country  by  boring  into  the  bowels  of  the  earth.  From  the 
earliest  settlement  of  the  country  it  was  known  to  exist  As  early  as  July  18, 
1627,  a  French  missionary,  Joseph  Delaroche  Daillon,  of  the  order  of  Recol- 
lets,  described  it  in  a  letter  published  in  Pr!L'.  in  Segard's  L'Histoire  du 
Canada,  and  this  description  is  confirmed  by  the  journal  of  Charlevois,  L721. 
Fathers  Dolli  aaries  of  the  order  of  St.  Sulpiee,  made  a 

map  of  this  section  of  country,  which  they  sent  to  Jean  Talon,  Intendent  of 
Canada,  on  the  10th  of  November.  1670,  on  which  was  marked  at  about  the 
point  where  is  now  the  town  of  Cuba.  \.  V..  "Fontaine  do  Bit  time."  The 
Earl  of  Belmont,  Governor  of  New  York,  instructed  his  chief  engineer, 
Wolfgang  W,  R     ier,    in  September  3,  1700,   in  his  visit  to  the  Six  Nations, 


124  HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

;l  To  go  and  view  a  well  or  spring  which  is  eight  miles  beyond  the  Seneks' 
farthest  castle,  which  they  have  told  me  blazes  up  in  a  flame,  when  a  lighted 
coale  or  firebrand  is  put  into  it;  you  will  do  well  to  taste  thesaid  water,  and 
wive  me  your  opinion  thereof,  and  bring  with  you  some  of  it."  Thomas  Cha- 
bert  de  Joncaire,  who  died  in  September,  1740,  is  mentioned  in  the  journal  of 
Charlevoix  of  1721  as  authority  for  the  existence  of  oil  at  the  place  mentioned 
above,  and  at  points  further  south,  probably  on  Oil  Creek.  The  following 
account  of  an  event  occurring  during  the  occupancy  of  this  part  of  the  State 
by  the  French  is  given  as  an  example  of  the  religious  uses  made  of  oil  by  the 
Indians,  as  these  fire  dances  are  understood  to  have  been  annually  celebrated: 
•'While  descending  the  Allegheny,  fifteen  leagues  below  the  mouth  of  the 
Connewango  (Warren)  and  three  above  Fort  Venango  (Oil  City),  we  were 
invited  by  "the  chief  of  the  Senecas  to  attend  a  religious  ceremony  of  his  tribe. 
We  landed  and  drew  up  our  canoes  on  a  point  where  a  small  stream  entered 
the  river.  The  tribe  appeared  unusually  solemn.  We  marched  up  the  stream 
about  a  half  a  league,  where  the  company,  a  large  band  it  appeared,  had 
arrived  some  davs  before  us.  Gigantic  hills  begirt  us  on  every  side.  The 
scene  was  really  sublime.  The  great  chief  then  recited  'the  conquests  and 
heroisms  of  their  ancestors.  The  surface  of  the  stream  was  covered  with  a 
thick  scum,  which  burst  into  a  complete  conflagration.  The  oil  had  been 
gathered  and  lighted  with  a  torch.  At  sight  of  the  flames,  the  Indians  gave 
forth  a  triumphant  shout,  and  made  the  hills  and  valley  re-echo  again." 

In  nearly  all  geographies  and  notes  of  travel  published  during  the  early 
period  of  settlement,  this  oil  is  referred  to,  and  on  several  maps  the  word  petro- 
leum appears  opposite  the  mouth  of  Oil  Creek.  Gen.  Washington,  in  his  will, 
in  speaking  of  his  lands  on  the  Great  Kanawha,  says:  "  The  tract  of  which  the 
125  acres  is  a  moiety,  was  taken  up  by  Gen.  Andrew  Lewis  andrnyself,  for  and 
on  account  of  a  bituminous  spring  which  it  contains  of  so  inflammable  a  nat- 
ure as  to  burn  as  freely  as  spirits,  and  is  as  nearly  difficult  to  extinguish." 
Mr.  Jefferson,  in  his  Notes  on  Virginia,  also  gives  an  account  of  a  burning 
spring  on  the  lower  grounds  of  the  Great  Kanawha.  This  oil  not  only  seems 
to  have  been  known,  but  to  have  been  systematically  gathered  in  very  early 
times.  Upon  the  flats  a  mile  or  so  below  the  city  of  Titusville  are  many  acres 
of  cradle  holes  dug  out  and  lined  with  split  logs,  evidently  constructed  for 
the  purpose  of  gathering  it.  The  fact  that  the  earliest  inhabitants  could 
never  discover  any  stumps  from  which  these  logs  were  cut,  and  the  further  fact 
that  trees  are  growing  of  giant  size  in  the  midst  of  these  cradles,  are  evidences 
that  they  must  have  been  operated  long  ago.  It  could  not  have  been  the  work 
of  any  of  the  nomadic  Indian  tribes  found  here  at  the  coming  of  the  white 
man,  for  they  were  never  known  to  undertake  any  enterprise  involving  so 
much  labor,  and  what  could  they  do  with  the  oil  when  obtained. 

The  French  could  hardly  have  done  the  work,  for  we  have  no  account  of 
the  oil  having  been  obtained  in  quantities,  or  of  its  being  transported  to 
France.  May  this  not  have  been  the  work  of  the  Mound-Builders,  or  of  colo 
nies  from  Central  America?  When  the  writer  first  visited  these  pits,  in  1855, 
he  found  a  spring  some  distance  below  Titusville,  on  Oil  Creek,  where  the 
water  was  conducted  into  a  trough,  from  which,  daily,  the  oil,  floating  on  its 
surface,  was  taken  off  by  throwing  a  woolen  blanket  upon  it,  and  then  wring- 
ing it  into  a  tub,  the  clean  wool  absorbing  the  oil  and  rejecting  the  water,  and 
in  this  way  a  considerable  quantity  was  obtained. 

In  1859,  Mr.  E.  L.  Drake,  at  first  representing  a  company  in  New  York, 
commenced  drilling  near  the  spot  where  this  tub  was  located,  aDd  when  the 
company  would  give  him  no  more  money,  straining  his  own  resources,  and  his 


HIST0B1   OF  i'i ansvi.v  \M.\.  125 

credit  with  his  friends  almost  to  the  breaking  point,  and  when  about  to  give 
up  in  despair,  finally  struck  a  powerful  can  mi  of  pure  oil.  From  this  time 
forward,  the  territory  down  the  vallej  of  Oil  Creek  and  np  all  its  tribrj 
whs  rapidly  aoqnired  and  developed  for  oil  land.  In  some  places,  the  oil  was 
scut  up  with  immense  force,  al  the  rate  of  thousands  of  barrels  each  day,  and 
great  trouble  was  experienced  in  bringing  it  cinder  control  and  storing  it.      [n 

BOme  eases,  the  force  of  the  gas  was  so   powerful    on    being   accidentally   fired, 
a-  to  defy  all  approach  for    many  days,   and    lighted    up    the    forests    at   night 

with  billows  of  light 

Tho  oil  has  been  found  in  paving  quantities  in  MeKean,  Warren,  Forest, 
Crawford,  Venango,  Clarion.  Butler  and  Armstrong  Counties,  ohieflj  along 
the  upper  waters  of  the  Allegheny  River  and  its  tributary',  the  Oil  Creek.  It 
was  first  transported  in  barrels,  and  teams  wore  kept  busy  from  the  first  dawn 
until  far  into  the  night.  As  soon  as  practicable,  liues  of  railway  were  con 
struct, .,1  from  nearly  all  the  trunk  lines.  Finally  barrels  gave  place  to  im- 
mense iron  tanks  riveted  upon  cars,  provided  for  the  escape  of  the  gases,  and 
later  groat  pipe  lines  were  extended  from  the  wells  to  the  seaboard,  ami  to  tho 
Great  Lakes,  through  which  the  fluid  is  forced  by  steam  to  its  distant  destina- 
tions Its  principal  uses  are  for  Ulunii nation  and  lubricating,  though  many 
of  its  products  are  employed  in  the  mechanic  arts,  notably  for  dyeing,  mixing 
of  paints,  and  in  the  practice  of  medicine.  Its  production  has  grown  to  be 
enormous,  and  seems  as  yet  to  show  no  sign  of  diminution.  We  give  an  ex- 
hibit of  the  annual  production  sine  ry,  compiled  for  this  work  by 
William  11  Sinter,  editor  of  the  Oil  City  Derrick,  which  is  the  acknowledged 
authority  on  oil  matters: 

Production  of  the  Pennsylvania   Oil    Fields,  compiled   from   the   Derricl,' 
Hand-book,   December,  1S83: 

82,000  1873    9,849,608 

500.000  1874 11,102,114 

1861           8,118,000  i^7o B,948,749 

8,066,606  1876 9.142,940 

2,611  899  1*77 18.052,718 

DM        8,116,182  1878 15,011,425 

8.497,712  1879 20 

1806 8,597,512  1880 24,788,950 

8.847,806  1881 29,674,458 

8,715,741  1882 81,789,190 

4,186,476  1888 24,885,966 

1870     5,808,046                                                          

1871         5,278,076  A  grand  total  of 248,749,558 

is;:    6,605  774 

In  the  fall  of  1860,  Andrew  G.  Curtin  was  elected  Governor  of  Pennsyl 
vania.  and  Abraham  Lincoln  President  of  the  United  States.  An  organized 
rebellion,  under  the  specious  name  of  secession,  was  thereupon  undertaken, 
embracing  parts  of  fifteen  States,  commonly  designated  tho  Slave  States,  and 
rnment  established  under  the  name  of  the  Confederate  States  of  America, 
i  Executive  and  Congress,  which  commenced  the  raising  of  troops  for 
defense. 

On  the  12th  of  April,  an  attack  was  made  upon  a  small  garrison  of  United 
States  troops  shut  up   in    Fort   Sumter.     This  was   rightly  interpreted  as  tho 
t  in  a  great  drama.     On  tho  15th,  the  President  summoned  75,000  vol- 
unteers to  vindicate  the  national  authority,  calling  for  sixteen  regiments  from 
Ivania,  and  urging  that  two  be  sent  forward  immediately,  as  the  capital 
was  without  defenders 

The  people  of  the  State,  having  no  idea  that  war  could  be  possible,  had  no 


126  HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

preparation  for  the  event,  There  chanced  at  the  time  to  be  five  companies  in 
a  tolerable  state  of  organization.  These  were  the  Ringold  Light  Artillery, 
Capt.  McKnight,  of  Reading;  the  Logan  Guards,  Capt.  Selheimer,  of  Lewis- 
town;  the  Washington  Artillery,  Capt.  Wren,  and  the  National  Light  Infan- 
try, Capt.  McDonald,  of  Pottsville;  and  the  Allen  Rifl&s,  Capt.  Yeager,  of 
Allentown. 

On  the  18th,  in  conjunction  with  a  company  of  fifty  regulars,  on  their  way 
from  the  West  to  Fort  McHenry,  under  command  of  Capt.  Pemberton,  after- 
ward Lieut.  Gen.  Pemberton,  of  the  rebel  army,  these  troops  moved  by  rail 
for  Washington.  At  Baltimore,  they  were  obliged  to  march  two  milesthrough 
a  jeering  and  insidting  crowd.  At  the  center  of  the  city,  the  regulars  filed 
off  toward  Fort  McHenry,  leaving  the  volunteers  to  pursue  their  way  alone, 
when  the  crowd  of  maddened  people  were  excited  to  redoubled  insults.  In  the 
whole  battalion  there  was  not  a  charge  of  powder;  but  a  member  of  the  Logan 
Guards,  who  chanced  to  have  a  box  of  percussion  caps  in  his  pocket,  had  dis- 
tributed them  to  his  comrades,  who  carried  their  pieces  capped  and  half 
cocked,  creating  the  impression  that  they  were  loaded  and  ready  for  service. 
This  ruse  undoubtedly  saved  the  battalion  from  the  murderous  assault  made 
upon  the  Massachusetts  Sixth  on  the  following  day.  Before  leavi  ng,  they  were 
pelted  with  stones  and  billets  of  wood  while  boarding  the  cars;  but,  fortu- 
nately, none  were  seriously  injured,  and  the  train  finally  moved  away  and 
reached  Washington  in  safety,  the  first  troops  to  come  to  the  unguarded  and 
imperiled  capital. 

Instead  of  sixteen,  twenty-five  regiments  were  organized  for  the  three  mouths' 
service  from  Pennsylvania.  Judging  from  the  threatening  attitude  assumed 
by  the  rebels  across  the  Potomac  that  the  southern  frontier  would  be  con- 
stantly menaced,  Gov.  Curtin  sought  permission  to  organize  a  select  corps, 
to  consist  of  thirteen  regiments  of  infantry,  one  of  cavalry,  and  one  of  artillery, 
and  to  be  known  as  the  Pennsylvania  Reserve  Corps,  which  the  Legislature,  in 
special  session,  granted.  This  corps  of  15,000  men  was  speedily  raised,  and  the 
intention  of  the  State  authorities  was  to  keep  this  body  permamently  within 
the  limits  of  the  Commonwealth  for  defense.  But  at  the  time  of  the  First 
Bull  Run  disaster  in  July,  1861,  the  National  Government  found  itself  with- 
out troops  to  even  defend  the  capital,  the  time  of  the  three  months'  men  being 
now  about  to  expire,  and  at  its  urgent  call  this  fine  body  was  sent  forward  and 
never  again  returned  for  the  execution  of  the  duty  for  which  it  was  formed, 
having  borne  the  brunt  of  the  fighting  on  many  a  hard-fought  field  during  the 
three  years  of  its  service. 

In  addition  to  the  volunteer  troops  furnished  in  response  to  the  several 
calls  of  the  President,  upon  the  occasion  of  the  rebel  invasion  of  Maryland  in 
September,  1862,  Gov.  Curtin  called  50,000  men  for  the  emergency,  and 
though  the  time  was  very  brief,  25,000  came,  were  organized  under  command 
of  Gen.  John  F.  Reynolds,  and  were  marched  to  the  border.  But  the  battle  of 
Antietam,  fought  on  the  17th  of  September,  caused  the  enemy  to  beat  a  hasty 
retreat,  and  the  border  was  relieved  when  the  emergency  troops  were  dis- 
banded and  returned  to  their  homes.  On  the  19th  of  October,  Gen.  J.  E.  B. 
Stewart,  of  the  rebel  army,  with  1,800  horsemen  under  command  of  Hampton, 
Lee  and  Jones,  crossed  the  Potomac  and  made  directly  for  Chambersburg, 
arriving  after  dark.  Not  waiting  for  morning  to  attack,  he  sent  in  a  flag  of 
trace  demanding  the  surrender  of  the  town.  There  were  275  Union  soldiers  in 
hospital,  whom  he  paroled.  During  the  night,  the  troopers  were  busy  picking 
up  horses — swapping  horses  perhaps  it  should  be  called — and  the  morning  saw 
them  early  on  the  move.  The  rear  guard  gave  notice  before  leaving  to  re- 


HISTORY  Of  N  n\m  i.v  \M  \.  127 

Boreal]  families  tram  the  neighborhood  of  the  public  buildings,  ho  they  in 
tended  to  fire  them.     There  waa  a  large  amounl  of  fixed  ammunition  in  them, 

which   had  b i  captured  from   Longstreet's  train,  besides  Governmenl   atores 

of  Bhoes.  clothing  and  mushetB.  At  1 1  o'clock  the  station  house,  round  house, 
railroad  machine  Bhopa  and  warehouaea  were  fired  and  consigned  t.. 
destruction  The  fire'departmeni  waa  promptly  out;  but  il  was  dangerous  to 
approach  the  burning  buildings  on  account  of  the  ammunition,  and  all 
perished. 

The  year  1862  waa  one  of  intense  exoitemenl  and  activity.  From  about  tb<> 
LstofMay,  1861,  to  the  end  of  L862,  there  were  recruited  in  the  State  of  Penn 
sylvania,  one  hundred  and  eleven  regiments,  including  eleven  of  cavalry  and 

tin- [  ■  three  years' service;  twenty- five  regiments  for  three  months; 

nonths;  fifteenof  drafted  militia;  and  twenty  five  called oul 
Eorthee  m  aggregate  of  one  hundred  and  ninety-three  regiments— a 

grand  total  of  over  200  000  men     a  greal  army  in  itself. 

]:i  jane,  1863,  Gen.  Kobert  E.  Lee,  with  his  entire  army  of  Northern  Vir- 
ginia, invaded  Pennsylvania  The  Army  of  the  Potomac,  under  Gen.  Joseph 
followed.  The  latter  was  superseded  on  the  28tb  of  JunebyGen.  George 
Q.  Meade.  The  vanguards  of  the  army  met.  a  mile  or  so  out  of  Gettysburg  on  the 
Ohambersburg  pike  on  the  morning  of  the  Isl  of  July.  Hill's  corpa  of  the 
rebel  army  waa  held  in  check  by  the  Bturdy  fighting  of  a  small  division  of 
cavalry  under  ( '.en.  Buford  until  in  o'clock,  when  Gen.  Reynolds  came  to  his 
relief  with  the  First  Corps.  While  Wringing  his  forces  into  action, Reynolds 
was  killed,  and  the  command  devolved  on  Gen.  Abner  Doubleday,  and  the 
fighting  became  terrible,  the  Union  forces  being  greatly  outnumbered.  At  '1 
o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  the  Eleventh  Corps,  (ion.  O.  O.  Howard,  came  to  the 
i       But  now  the  corps  of  Ewell  had  joined  hands  with  Hill, 

and  a  full  two  thirds  of    tl ntire    rebel    army  was    on   the    held,  opposed  by 

inly  the  two  weak  Onion  corps,  in  an  inferior  position.  A  -tardy  fight  Was 
however  maintained  until  5  o'clock,  when  the  Union  forces  withdrew  through 
the  town,  and  took  position  upon  rising  ground  covering  the  Baltimore  pike. 
During  the  night  tli  -  aion   army  came  up,  with  the  exception  of  the 

Sixth  Corps,  and  took   position,  and  ai  2  o'clock  in  the  morning  Gen.  Meade 
and  stall'  came  on  the  held.      During  the  morning  hours,  and  until  4  o'clock  in 
the  afternoon,  the  two  armies  were  getting  into   position  for  the  de 
atruggle.     The  Third  Corps,  Gen.  Sickles,  occupied  the  extreme  left,  hi 
abutting  on  the  Little  Round  Top  at  the  Devil's  Den,  and  reaching,  en 
through  the  rugged  ground  to  the  Peach  Orchard,  and   thence  along  the  Em- 
mettsburg   pike,    where  it  joined  the  Second   Corps,  Gen  Hancock,  reaching 
over  Cemetery  Hill,  the  Eleventh  Corps,  Gen,  Howard,  the  First,  Gen.  Double- 
day,  an  I    ih""  Twelfth.  Gen  Slocum.  reaching  across  Culp'a   Hill— the  whole 
•  -hap...     To  this  formation  the  rebel  army  conformed,  Longstreet  op- 
the  Union  left,  Hill  opposite  the  center,  and  Ewell  opposite  the  Union 
right.     At  4  P.  M.  the  battle  was  opened  by  Longstreet,  on  the  extreme  leftof 
Sickles,  and  the  light ing  rritic,  the  rebels  making  strenuous  efforts 

to  gain  Little  Bound  Top     But  at  the  opportune  moment  a  part  of  the  Fifth 
(leu.   Svkos.  was    brought    upon   that    key  position,  and  it  was  aai  ed   to 
ion  aide.     The  slaughter  in  front  of  Round  Top  at  the  wheat-neld  and 
the  Peach  Orchard  was  fearful.      The  Third  Corps  was  driven  back  from  its 
advanced  position,  and   its  commander.  Gen.  Sickles,  was  wounded,    losing  a 

leg.     In  a  noor atracted  position,  the  Union  line  was  made  secure,  where  it 

for  the  night     Jual    al   dusk,  the    l.iisiana  Tigers,  some  1,800  men, 
made  a  desperate  charge  on  Cemetery  Hill,  emerging  suddenly  from  a  hillock 


128  HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

just  back  of  the  town.  The  struggle  was  desperate,  but  the  Tigers  being 
weakened  by  the  fire  of  the  artillery,  and  by  the  infantry  crouching  behind  the 
stone  wall,  the  onset  was  checked,  and  Carroll's  brigade,  of  the  Second  Corps, 
coming  to  the  rescue,  they  were  finally  beaten  back,  terribly  decimated.  At 
about  the  same  time,  a  portion  of  E well's  corps  made  ,an  advance  on  the  ex 
treme  Union  right,  at  a  point  where  the  troops  had  been  withdrawn  to  send  to 
the  support  of  Sickles,  and  unopposed,  gained  the  extremity  of  Culp's  Hill, 
pushing  through  nearly  to  the  Baltimore  pike,  in  dangerous  proximity  to  the 
reserve  artillery  and  trains,  and  even  the  headquarters  of  the  Union  com- 
mander. But  in  their  attempt  to  roll  up  the  Union  right  they  were  met  by 
Green's  brigade  of  the  Twelfth  Corps,  and  by  desperate  fighting  their  further 
progress  was  stayed.  Thus  ended  the  battle  of  the  second  day.  The  Union  left 
and  right  had  been  sorely  jammed  and  pushed  back. 

At  4  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  the  3d  of  July,  Gen.  Geary,  who  had  been 
ordered  away  to  the  support  of  Sickles,  having  returned  during  the  night  and 
taken  position  on  the  right  of  Green,  opened  the  battle  for  the  recovery  of  his 
lost  breastworks  on  the  right  of  Culp's  Hill.  Until  lOo'clock,  the  battle  raged 
with  unabated  fury.  The  heat  was  intolerable,  and  the  sulphurous  vapor 
hung  like  a  pall  over  the  combatants,  shutting  out  the  light  of  day.  The 
fighting  was  in  the  midst  of  the  forest,  and  the  echoes  resounded  with  fearful 
distinctness.  The  Twelfth  Corps  was  supported  by  portions  of  the  Sixth, 
which  had  now  come  up.  At  length  the  enemy,  weakened  and  finding  them- 
selves overborne  on  all  sides,  gave  way,  and  the  Union  breastworks  were  re- 
occupied  and  the  Union  right  made  entirely  secure.  Comparative  quiet  now 
reigned  on  either  side  until  2  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  in  the  meantime  both 
sides  bringing  up  fresh  troops  and  repairing  damages.  The  rebel  leader  hav- 
ing brought  his  best  available  artillery  in  upon  his  right  center,  suddenly 
opened  with  150  pieces  a  concentric  fire  upon  the  devoted  Union  left  center, 
where  stood  the  troops  of  Hancock  and  Doubleday  and  Sickles.  The  shock 
was  terrible.  Rarely  has  such  a  cannonade  been  known  on  any  field.  For 
nearly  two  hours  it  was  continued.  Thinking  that  the  Union  line  had  been 
broken  and  demoralized  by  this  fire,  Longstreet  brought  out  a  fresh  corps  of 
some  18,000  men,  under  Pickett,  and  charged  full  upon  the  point  which  had 
been  the  mark  for  the  cannonade.  As  soon  as  this  charging  column  came  into 
view,  the  Union  artillery  opened  upon  it  from  right  and  left  and  center,  and 
reDt  it  with  fearful  effect.  When  come  within  musket  range,  the  Union 
troops,  who  had  been  crouching  behind  slight  pits  and  a  low  stone  wall, 
poured  in  a  most  murderous  fire.  Still  the  rebels  pushed  forward  with  a  bold 
face,  and  actually  crossed  the  Union  lines  and  had  their  hands  on  the  Union 
guns.  But  the  slaughter  was  too  terrible  to  withstand.  The  killed  and 
wounded  lay  scattered  over  all  the  plain.  Many  were  gathered  in  as  prisoners. 
Finally,  the  remnant  staggered  back,  and  the  battle  of  Gettysburg  was  at  an 
end. 

Gathering  all  in  upon  his  fortified  line,  the  rebel  chieftain  fell  to  strength- 
ening it,  which  he  held  with  a  firm  hand.  At  night-fall,  he  put  his  trains 
with  the  wounded  upon  the  retreat.  During  the  4th,  great  activity  in  build 
ing  works  was  manifest,  and  a  heavy  skirmish  line  was  kept  well  out,  which 
resolutely  met  any  advance  of  Union  forces.  The  entire  fighting  force  of  the 
rebel  army  remained  in  position  behind  their  breastworks  on  Oak  Ridge,  until 
nightfall  of  the  4th,  when,  under  cover  of  darkness,  it  was  withdrawn,  and 
before  morning  was  well  on  its  way  to  "Williamsport.  The  losses  on  the  Union 
side  were  2,834  killed,  13,709  wounded,  and  6,643  missing,  an  aggregate  of 
23,186.      Of  the  losses  of  the  enemy,  no  adequate  returns  were  made.      Meade 


Ilismuv  OP  PJBNN8YLYAHIA.  129 

18,62]  prisoners  taken,  and  the  losses  by  killed  and  wounded  must 
have  been  greater  than  on  the  I'uion  side.     On  the  rebel  Bide,  Mnj.  Gens. 

II I.    Pender,     Primble   and    Beth  were   wounded.    Pender   mortally.     Brig. 

Gena  BarkBdale  and  Garnetl  were  tailed,  mil  Somms  mortally  wounded. 
Kemper,  Axmistead,  Scales,  G.  T.  Andorson,  Hampton,  ,1.  M. 
James  and  Jenkins  were  wounded;  Archer  waa  taken  prisoner  and  Pefti^rew 
onnded  and  subsequently  killed  at  Falling  Waters.  In  the  Union  arms 
Maj.  (ieu  Reynolds  and  Brig,  (ions.  Vincent.  Weed.  Willard  and  Zook  were 
killed.  Maj.  Gens.  Sickles.  Hancock,  Doubleday,  Gibbon,  Barlow,  Warren 
and  Butterlield,  and  Brig.  Gena  Graham,  Paul,  Stone,  Barnes  and  Brooke 
were  wounded.  A  National  Cemetery  was  secured  on  the  center  of  the  field, 
where,  as  Boon  as  the  weather  would  permit,  the  dead  were  gathered  and  care- 
folly  interred  Of  the  entire  number  interred,  :!.*>  12,  Maine  had  104;  New 
Hampshire,  49;  Vermont,  61;  Massachusetts,  159;  Rhode  Island,  12;  Con- 
necticut, 22;  New  York,  807;  New  Jersey,  7*;  Pennsylvania,  f>34;  Delaware, 
16;  Maryland,  2'.';  West  Virginia,  11;  Ohio,  1-1;  Indiana,  80;  Illinois,  <>; 
Michigan,  171;  Wisconsin,  7o;  Minnesota.  52;  United  States  Regulars,  138; 
unknown,  979.  In  the  center  of  the  field,  a  noble  monument  has  been  erect- 
ed, and  on  the  19th  of  November,  L864,  the  ground  was  formally  dedicated. 
when  the  eminent  orator,  Edward  Everett,  delivered  an  oration,  and  President 
Lincoln  delivered  the  following  dedicatory  address: 

"  Fourscore  and  seven  years  ago,  our  fathers  brought  forth  upon  this  conti- 
nent a  new  nation,  conceived  in  liberty,  and  dedicated  to  the  proposition  that 
all  men  are  created  equal  Now  we  are  engaged  in  a  great  civil  war,  testing 
whether  that  nation  or  any  nation  so  conceived  and  so  dedicated,  can  long  en- 
dure. ^Ye  are  met  on  a  great  battle  field  of  that  war.  We  are  met  to  dedi- 
cate a  portion  of  it  as  the  final  resting  place  of  those  who  here  gave  their 
lives  that  this  nation  might  live.  It  is  altogether  fitting  and  proper  that  we 
should  do  this.  But  in  a  larger  sense  we  cannot  dedicate,  we  cannot  conse- 
crate, we  cannot  hallow  this  ground  The  brave  men,  living  and  dead,  who 
straggled  here  have  consecrated  it  far  above  our  power  to  add  or  detract. 
The  world  will  little  note  nor  long  remember  what  we  say  here,  but  it  can 
never  forget  what  they  did  here.  It  is  for  us,  the  living,  rather  to  be  dodi- 
□  the  unfinished  work  that  they  have  thus  far  so  nobly  carried  on. 
It  is  rather  for  us  to  be  here  dedicated  to  the  great  task  remaining  before  us — 
that  from  these  honored  dead  we  take  increased  devotion  to  the  cause  for  which 
they  here  gave  the  last  full  measure  of  devotion — that  we  here  highly  resolve 
that  the  dead  .-hall  not  have  died  in  vain:  that  the  nation  shall,  under  God. 
have  a  new  birth  of  freedom,  and  that  the  government  of  the  people,  by  the 
people,  and  for  the  people  shall  not  perish  from  the  earth.'' 

on  as  indications  pointed  to  a  possible  invasion  of  the  North  by  the 
rebel  army  under  Gen.  Lee,  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  was  organized  in  two 
military  departments,  that  of  the  Susquehanna,  to  the  command  of  which 
Darius  N  Couch  was  assigned,  with  headquarters  at  Harrieburg,  and  that  of 
the  Monongahela,  under  W.  T.  H.  Brooks,  with  headquarters  at  Pittsburgh. 

calls  for  the  militia  were  made,  and  large   numbers  in   regiments,  in 
idrons  came  promptly  at  the  call  to  the  number  of  over  86, 
0<K>  men,  who  were  organized  for  a   period  of  ninety  days.      Fortifications 

town  up  to  cover  Harrisburg  and  Pittsburgh,  and  the  troops  were  moved 

tened  points.     But  before  they  could  be  brought  into  action,  the  great 

decisive  conflict  had  been  fought,  and  the  enemy  driven   from  northern  soil. 

ler  Gen.  Brooks  were  moved  into  Ohio  to  aid  in  arresting  a 

raid  undertaken  by  John  Morgan,  who.  with  2.000  horse  and  four  guns,  had 

crossed  the  Ohio  River  for  a  diversion  in  favor  of  s 


130  HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

In  the  beginning  of  July,  1864,  Gen.  Early  invaded  Maryland,  and  made 
his  way  to  the  threshold  of  Washington.  Fearing  another  invasion  of  the 
State,  Gov.  Curtin  called  for  volunteers  to  serve  for  100  days.  Gen.  Couch 
was  still  at  the  head  of  the  department  of  the  Susquehanna,  and  six  regiments 
and  six  companies  were  organized,  but  as  fast  as  organized  they  were  called  to 
the  front,  the  last  regiment  leaving  the  State  on  the  29th  of  July.  On  the 
evening  of  this  dav,  Gens.  McCausland,  Bradley  Johnson  and  Harry  Gilmore, 
with  3,000  mounted  men  and  six  guns,  crossed  the  Potomac,  and  made  their 
way  to  Chambersburg.  Another  column  of  3,000,  under  Vaughn  and  Jackson 
advanced  to  Hagerstown,  and  a  third  to  Leitersburg.  Averell,  with  a  small 
force,  was  at  Hagerstown,  but  finding  himself  over-matched  withdrew  through 
Greencastle  to  Mount  Hooe.  Lieut.  McLean,  with  fifty  men  in  front  of  Mc 
Causland,  gallantly  kept  his  face  to  the  foe,  and  checked  the  advance  at  every 
favorable  point.  On  being  apprised  of  their  coming,  the  public  stores  at  Cham- 
bersburg were  moved  northward  At  six  A.  M. ,  McCausland  opened  his  bat- 
teries upon  the  town,  but,  finding  it  unprotected,  took  possession.  Ringing  the 
court  house  bell  to  call  the  people  together,  Capt.  Fitzhugh  read  an  order  to 
the  assembly,  signed  by  Gen.  Jubal  Early,  directing  the  command  to  proceed 
to  Chambersburg  and  demand  $100,000  in  gold,  or  $500,000  in  greenbacks, 
and,  if  not  paid,  to  burn  the  town.  While  this  parley  was  in  progress,  hats, 
caps,  boots,  watches,  clothing  and  valuables  were  unceremoniously  appropriated, 
and  purses  demanded  at  the  point  of  the  bayonet.  As  money  was  not  in  hand 
to  meet  so  unexpected  a  draEt,  the  torch  was  lighted.  In  less  than  a  quarter 
of  an  hour  from  the  time  the  first  match  was  applied,  the  whole  business  part 
of  the  town  was  in  flames.  No  notice  was  given  for  removing  the  women  and 
children  and  sick.  Burning  parties  were  sent  into  each  quarter  of  the  town, 
which  made  thorough  work.  With  the  exception  of  a  few  houses  upon  the 
outskirts,  the  whole  was  laid  in  ruins.  Retiring  rapidly,  the  entire  rebel 
command  recrossed  the  Potomac  before  any  adequate  force  could  be  gathered 
to  check  its  progress. 

The  whole  number  of  soldiers  recruited  under  the  various  calls  for  troops 
from  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  was  366,000.  By  authority  of  the  common- 
wealth, in  1866,  the  commencement  was  made  of  the  publication  of  a  history 
of  these  volunteer  organizations,  embracing  a  brief  historical  account  of  the 
part  taken  by  each  regiment  and  independent  body  in  every  battle  in  which  it 
was  engaged,  with  the  name,  rank,  date  of  muster,  period  for  which  he  en- 
listed, casualties,  and  fate  of  every  officer  and  private.  This  work  was  com- 
pleted in  1872,  in  five  imperial  octavo  volumes  of  over  1,400  pages  each. 

In  May,  1861,  the  Society  of  the  Cincinnati  of  Pennsylvania,  an  organiza- 
tion of  the  officers  of  the  Revolutionary  war  and  their  descendants,  donated 
$500  toward  arming  and  equipping  troops.  By  order  of  the  Legislature, 
this  sum  was  devoted  to  procuring  flags  for  the  regiments,  and  each  organiza- 
tion that  went  forth,  was  provided  with  one  emblazoned  with  the  arms  of  the 
commonwealth.  These  flags,  seamed  and  battle  stained,  were  returned  at  the 
close  of  the  war,  and  are  now  preserved  in  a  room  devoted  to  the  purpose  in 
the  State  capitol— precious  emblems  of  the  daring  and  suffering  of  that  great 
army  that  went  forth  to  uphold  and  maintain  the  integrity  of  the  nation. 

When  the  war  was  over,  the  State  undertook  the  charge  of  providing  for 
all  soldiers'  orphans  in  schools  locuted  in  different  parts  of  its  territory,  fur- 
nishing food,  clothing,  instruction  and  care,  until  they  should  be  grown  to 
manhood  and  womanhood.  The  number  thus  gathered  and  cared  for  has  been 
some  7,500  annually,  for  a  period  of  nineteen  yearB,  at  an  average  annual  ex- 
pense of  some  $600,000. 


HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA,  131 

At  the  election  in  180R,  John  W.  Geary,  a  veteran  General  of  1 1  n »  [ate  war. 
was  chosen  Governor.  During  his  administration,  settlements  were  made  with 
the  Genera]  Government,  extraordinary  debts  incurred  during  the  war  were 
paid)  and  a  large  reduction  of  the  old  debt  of  $  lO.IIOO.IKHI  inherited  from  the 
,  itfon  of  the  canals,  was  made.  A  convention  for  a  revision  of  the  con- 
stitution was  ordered  bj  act  of  April  11,  1872.  This  convention  assembled  in 
Harrisbnrg  November  18,  and  adjourned  to  meet  in  Philadelphia,  where  it 
convened  on  the  7th  of  January.  L878,  and  the  instrument  framed  was  adopted 
on  the  18th  of  December,  1873.  By  its  provisions,  the  number  of  Senators 
was  increased  from  thirty-three  to  fifty,  and  Representatives  from  100  to  201, 
subject  to  further  increase  in  proportion  to  increase  of  population;  biennial, 
in  place  of  annual  sessions;  making  tho  term  of  Supreme  Court  Judges  twenty  - 
one  in  place  of  fifteen  years;  remanding  a  large  class  of  legislation  to  the  ac- 
tion of  the  courts;  making  the  term  of  Governor  four  years  in  place  of  three, 
and  prohibiting  special  legislation,  were  some  of  the  changes  provided  for. 

In_January,  1S73,  John  F.  Hartranft  became  Governor,  and  at  the  election 
in  1878,  Henry  F.  Hoyt  was  chosen  Governor,  both  soldiers  of  the  late  war. 
Ip  the  summer  of  1877,  by  concert  of  action  of  the  employes  on  the  several 
lines  of  railway  in  the  State,  trains  were  stopped  and  travel  and  traffic  were  in- 
terrupted for  several  days  togefher.  At  Pittsburgh,  conflicts  occurred  between 
the  railroad  men  and  the  militia,  and  a  vast  amount  of  property  was  destroyed. 
The  opposition  to  the  local  military  was  too  powerful  to  be  controlled,  and 
the  National  Government  was  appealed  to  for  aid.  A  force  of  regulars  was 
promptly  ordered  out,  and  the  rioters  finally  quelled.  Unfortunately,  Gov. 
Hartranft  was  absent  from  the  State  at  the  time  of  the  troubles. 

At  the  election  in  1882,  Robert  E.  Pattison  was  chosen  Governor,  who  is  the 
present  incumbent.  The  Legislature,  which  met  at  the  opening  of  1883, having 
adjourned  after  a  session  of  156  days,  without  passing  a  Congressional  i 
tionment  bill,  as  was  required,  was  immediately  reconvened  in  extra  session  I  , 
the  Governor,  and  remained  in  session  until  near  the  close  of  the  year,  from 
June  1  to  December  5,  without  coming  to  an  agreement  upon  a  bill,  and 
finally  adjourned  without  having  passed  one.  This  protracted  sitting  is  in 
marked  contrast  to  the  session  of  that  early  Assembly  in  which  an  entire  con- 
stitution and  laws  of  the  province  were  framed  and  adopted  in  the  space  of 
three  days. 


132 


HISTORY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


TABLE  SHOWING  THE  VOTE  FOR  GOVERNORS  OP  PENNSYLVANIA  SINCE  THE  ORGAN- 
IZATION OF  THE  STATE. 


1790  1829.  I»ob- 

-as  Mifflin .' 27,725    George  Wolf,. 78,219    ^^■^^■==Z^Sa 

Giles  Lewis 7 

1869. 

John  W.  Geary 290,552 


LtUJ     .'ilium -■> -        ■-?,  ci   TTC 

Arthur  St.  Clair 2,802  Joseph  Eitner 51,776 

George  E.  Baum 

1793.  Frank  R.  Williams., 

Thomas  Mifflin 18,590  i833. 

F.  A.  Muhlenberg 10,7Ub  GeQrge  Wolf 91,335    Asa  Packer 285,956 

179g  Joseph  Ritner 88,165    w.  p.  Kelly. 


Thomas  Mifflin.. 


W.  J.  Robinson.. 


1  nomas  uumin ou'„„     T        v  ™-.       oarm 

F.  A.  Muhlenberg 1,011    «  I^r.......................  94,0.3 


Henry  A.  Muhlenberg.'.'.'".'.'""  4oi5S6    John  F.  Hartranft 353,387 

Charles  R.  Buckalen 31,vt>0 

1838.  S.B.Chase 1,197 

William  P,  Schell 12 


1802. 

Thomas  McKean 47,879 

James  Ross,  of  Pittsburgh 9,499 


1875. 


James  Ross,  of  Pittsburgh 9,499  Cyrus  L.  Pershing 292,145 

James  Ross. 7,538  David  R.  Porter lob.oW    KJ  Audley  Brown! 13,244 

1QnQ  John  Banks 113,473  s.  Negley 1 

1808.  T.J.  Lemoyne. 763  pWenSle 1 

SnTder     67,97.5  George  F.  Horton.. 18    j_  w  ^rown 1 

Sae  39  575  Samuel  L.  Carpenter 4  .  Keinnard 1 

?';!",'  ..  4:t)0C  Ellis  Lewis 1    p.  -r.Cr.lsaan  1 


Simon 
James 
John  Spayd. 
W.  Shields.... 
Charles  Nice. 

Jack  Ross , 

W.  Tilghman 


1811. 

Simon  Snyder 52,319 

William  Tighlman 3,609 

Scatt'ring.no  record  for  whom    l,b/0 

1814. 


G.  D.  Coleman 

1  qaa  James  Staples. . 

1  1°*±-  Richard  Vaux. 

2  Francis  R.  Shunk 100,022  rraig  Biddle.... 

1    Joseph  Markle 156,040  Francis  W.  Hu; 

Julius  J.  Lemoy 
John  Haney 


1847 


Henry  C.  Tyle 

W.  D.  Brown 

George  Y.  Lawrence.. 
A.  L.Brown 


1878. 

H.  M.  Hoyt 319,490 


„      ,  ci  noq    Emanuel  C.  Reigart 11,247  «nflreT  jj.  Dill 297,137 

Simon  Snyder 51,099  Le  e..B 1,861  ™     ^,ias0D 81758 

cXrttm"                  .           :       lie    C^M.Keta.                     .  Franklin  H    Lane                        3  53 

td    i'S     4    Abyah  Morrison 3  s  Matson 2 

J-K-Kust 1QIQ  JohnMeKee 1 

1817                                                           18*B-  D.  Kirk 1 

m-„-        t-   jh„-                        fifiTil    William  F.  Johnston 168,522  E.L.Miller 1 

William .Findlay 66,ddl                   Umgstreth 16S.225  J.  H.  Hopkins 1 

Joseph  Hiester 59,2,.    E  B  (iazzam 48  A.  G.  Williams 1 

Moses  Palmer J    Scattering  1110  record) 24  Samuel  H.  Lane 1 

Aaron  Hanson J                    °  jonn  Fertig 1 

1851.  James  Musgrove 1 

William  Bigler 186,489  silas  M.  Bally 1 

William  F.  Johnston 178,034  A.  S.  Post 9 

Kimber  Cleaver 1,850  C.  A.  Cornen 3 

„„..             '  SethTocum 1 

1854.  Edward  E.  Orvis 1 

James  Pollock 203,822 

William  Bigler 166,991 


John  Seffer.. 
Seth  Thomas.. 
Nicholas  Wi 

Benjamin  R.  Morgan * 

William  Tilghman ' 

Andrew  Gregg 1 

1820. 

Joseph  Hiester 67,905 

William  Findlay 66,300 

Scattering  (no  record) 21 


1823. 


Rush  Bradford 2,194  KobertE  PaUis0Q 355,791 

1  0-7  James  A.  Beaver 315,589 

i00'-  John  Stewart 43,743 

William  F.  Packer 188,846  Thomas  A.  Armstrong 23,996 

David  Wilmot 149,139  Alfred  C.  Pettit 5,196 


J.  Andrew  Shulze 81,751  Isaac  Hazlehurst 28,168    e.  E.  Pattison.. 

Andrew  Gregg 64,151  James  Pollock 

Andrew  Shulze 1>2  George  R.  Barret 

John  Andrew  Shulze 7,311  William  Steel 

Andrew  Gragg 53  F.  P.  Swartz.. ........... 

Andrew  Greg 1  Samuel  McFarland.. 

John  A.  Shulze 754  George  F.  Horton 

Nathaniel  B.  Boileau 


(  ant.  G 
John  Gi 


1860. 


R.  E.  Beaver.. 
J.  H.  Hopkins.... 

W.  H.  Hope 

R.  H.  Patterson.. 

—  Stewart 

J.  A.  Brown 

R.  Smith 

—  Cameron.. 


iassemler.. 


J     Andrew  G.  Curtin 262,346    James  McNali: 


Isaac  Wayne 1    Henry  D.  Foster...' 230,239    T.  A.  Armstrong 

George  Bryan 1 


Armstrong.. 

1863.  R.  E.  Pattison 

A.G.  Curtin 269,506    William  N.  Drake.. 


Se',,,ennf(no  record) 1,1U    Thomas  M.  Howe 1    G.  A  Grow 


RELIEF   MAP  OF  THE 


JMBERLAND  VALLEY. 


PART  II. 


story  of  Cumberland  County. 


History  of  Cumberland  County, 


CHAPTER  I. 
DESCRIPTIVE. 

Geography— Geology— Topography,  etc. 

CUMBERLAND  COUNTY,  although  extending  into  the  mountains  along 
its  northern  and  southern  boundaries. lies  mostly  in  the  picturesque  valley 
between  the  two  great  ridges.  The  North  Mountain  was  called  by  the  Indians 
Kau-t<i-ti>i-(iini)k,  signifying  "endless  mountains,"  or,  as  some  authorities  give 
it.  main  or  principal  mountain.  It  extends  in  a  long,  smooth-topped  ridge 
from  northeast  to  BOUthwest,  broken  only  by  occasional  gaps  through  which 
highways  have  been  constructed  leading  into  the  counties  to  the  northward  of 
Cumberland.  The  South  .Mountain  trends  in  the  same  general  direction  as  its 
neighbor  on  the  north,  but  its  surface  is  far  more  uneven.  Both  are  covered 
with  a  thick  growth  of  timber  and  shrubbery,  in  which  appear  such  varieties  as 
pine,  oak,  ash.  willow,  maple,  poplar,  chestnut,  spruce,  elm,  cedar,  alder, 
sumac,  etc.  The  timber  in  the  valley  was  never  a  heavy  growth,  and  consisted 
mainly  of  a  few  varieties  of  oak.  A  thick  brush  grew  in  portions  of  the  valley. 
and  was  easily  cleared  away;  it  was  therefore  a  comparatively  light  task  to 
prepare  the  soil  for  cultivation. 

Probably  nowhere  in  the  State  are  the  colors  of  autumn  brought  out  with 
more  pleasing  effect  than  in  the  South  Mountain  region  of  the  county  of  Cum- 
berland. A  writer  upon  the  subject  has  given  the  following  line  description: 
"In  the  dry,  burning  summer  month — a  month  in  which  it  is  hard  to  believe 
there  are  any  nights — the  leaf,  panting,  as  it  were,  in  the  furnace,  knows  not  any 
repose.  It  is  a  continual  and  rapid  play  of  aspiration  and  respiration;  a  too- 
powerful  sun  excites  it.  In  August,  sometimes  even  in  July,  it  begins  to  turn 
yellow.  It  will  not  wait  for  autumn.  On  the  tops  of  the  mountains  yonder, 
where  it  works  less  rapidly,  it  travels  more  sh.wly  toward  its  goal;  but  it  will 
arrive  there.  AYhen  September  has  ended,  and  the  nights  lengthen,  the 
wearied  trees  grow  dreamy;  the  leaf  sinks  from  fatigue.  If  the  light  did  but 
succor  it  still !  But  the  Ughl  itself  has  grown  weaker.  The  dews  fall  abun- 
dantly, and  in  the  morning  the  sun  no  longer  cares  to  drink  them  up.  It  looks 
toward  other  horizons,  and  is  already  far  away.  The  leaves  blush  a  marvelous 
scarlet  in  their  anger.  The  sun  is,  as  it  were,  an  evening  sun.  Its  long, 
oblique  rays  are  protruded  through  the  black  trunks,  and  create  under  the 
woods  some  luminous  and  still  genial  tracks  of  light.  The  landscape  is  illum- 
inated. The  forests  around  and  above,  on  the  hills,  on  the  flanks  of  the 
mountains,  seem  to  be  on  fire.      The  light  abandons  us,  and  we  are  tempted  to 


4  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

think  that  it  wishes  to  rest  in  the  leaf  and  to  concentrate  within  it  all  its  rays. 
Summer  is  comparatively  monotonous;  it  wears  always  the  same  verdure. 
Autumn  is  a  fairy  spectacle.  Where  the  trees  huddle  close  together,  every 
tone  of  color  is  intermingled — pale,  golden  tints  with  glowing  or  slightly  bur- 
nished gold,  scarlet,  and  crimson,  and  every  hue  of  blushing  carnation.  Every 
leaf  shows  color.  The  vivacity  of  the  maple  contrasts  sharply  with  the  gloom 
of  the  pine;  lower  down  this  hill,  the  rusty  hues  of  the  oaks;  lower  still,  and 
all  around,  the  drooping  and  fallen  brambles  and  wild  vines  blend  their  glow- 
ing reds  with  the  wan  yellow  of  the  grasses.      It  is  the  festival  of  the  foliage. 

The  valley  in  which  Cumberland  County  is  located  is,  with  exceptional 
instances,  slightly  rolling,  and  in  places  nearly  level.  The  lands  along  the 
Conodoguinet  and  other  streams  are  more  or  less  broken,  and  there  is  sufficient 
variety  to  make  the  landscape  very  attractive  from  almost  any  point  of  view. 

The  principal  and  largest  stream  in  the  county  is  the  Conodoguinet  Creek, 
which  rises  in  Franklin  County  and  flows  through  Cumberland  in  a  winding 
course,  which  grows  exceedingly  tortuous  as  it  approaches  the  Susquehanna 
River,  into  which  it  empties  at  West  Fairview,  near  the  center  of  the  eastern 
boundary  of  the  county.  The  Conodoguinet  affords  abundant  water-power, 
which  is  utilized  in  various  places  for  driving  the  machinery  of  mills.  Next  in 
size  is  the  Yellow  Breeches  (called  by  the  Indians  Callapasscinker),  forming  in 
part  of  its  course  the  boundary  line  between  Cumberland  and  York  Counties. 
Its  head  is  in  the  mountains  in  the  southwest  portion  of  Cumberland  County, 
and  it  is  a  clear  and  very  rapid  stream,  fed  by  many  springs  and  very  rarely 
freezing  over  in  winter.  Considering  the  size  of  the  stream  the  power  it  affords 
is  wonderful ;  upon  it  and  its  various  branches  are  mills,  forges  and  furnaces. 
Tributary  to  the  Conodoguinet,  Main's  Run  is  the  chief  from  the  South. 
It  rises  at  the  foot  of  South  Mountain,  flows  northward  and  forms  the  boundary 
line  along  its  course  (eight  miles)  between  Cumberland  and  Franklin  Coun- 
ties, passing  through  Shippensburg,  and  emptying  into  the  Conodoguinet  a 
few  miles  north  of  that  place.  Other  streams  of  more  or  less  importance  in 
the  county  are  Newburgh  Run,  Peebles  Run,  Hollow  Run,  Brandy  Run, 
Whiskey  Run,  Back  Run,  Big  Run,  Lick  Run,  Stine's  Run,  Parker's  Run, 
and  others,  all  discharging  into  the  Conodoguinet  from  the  North ;  Milesburn's 
Run,  Quartersman's  Run,  Big  Spring,  Green  Spring,  Letort  Creek,  and  others 
from  the  South,  besides  Cedar  Run,  Log  Run,  Mountain  Creek,  Spruce  Run, 
Clark's  Run,  and  many  smaller  ones.  A  number  of  the  streams  in  the  county 
have  their  sources  in  large  springs,  some  of  them  furnishing  excellent  water- 
power,  notably  one  which  rises  at  Springfield,  south  of  Newville,  Letort' s, 
Silver  Spring,  Big  Spring,  etc.  At  Mount  Rock,  seven  miles  west  of  Car- 
lisle, a  stream  issues  from  a  large  spring  in  the  limestone,  sinks  into  the  earth 
after  a  short  course,  passes  under  a  hill  and  reappears  on  the  other  side. 
Springs  in  various  places  are  strongly  impregnated  with  sulphur  and  other 
mineral  substances.  Carlisle  Springs,  in  Middlesex  Township,  four  miles 
northeast  of  Carlisle,  was  at  one  time  a  favorite  summer  resort,  and  a  hotel 
was  erected  for  the  accommodation  of  guests;  but  the  building  was  burned  and 
the  business  of  the  Springs  declined. 

The  agricultural  resources  of  the  county  are  very  great,  "equal,"  says  Dr. 
Egle,  '  'to  any  other  county  of  the  same  population  in  the  State.  The  farms 
are  highly  cultivated  and  produce  large  crops  of  corn,  wheat,  oats,  ■  etc,  while 
fruits,  of  most  kinds  grown  in  the  latitude;  are  generally  abundant.  The  min- 
eral belt  of  the  county  lies  principally  in  the  South  Mountain  region,  where 
great  quantities  of  iron  ore  exist.  It  has  been  the  source  of  much  wealth,  and 
numerous  furnaces  and  forges  have  turned  out  a  vast  product  of  pig  metal  and 
forged  iron  from  the  ores  close  at  hand. 


HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY.  & 

Owlogical— While  not  of  great  variety,  the  geologies]  formations  which 
appear  in  Cumberland  County  are  very  interesting,  from  the  fad  thai  they 
tell  of  an  early  period  in  the  historj  >'(  the  earth  as  we  now  Bee  it.  Leaving 
the  red  sandstone  of  Fork  and  Adams  Counties,  with  it-  Boft,  crumbling  shales 
imd  beautiful  conglomerates,  a  bed  of  primary  rock  is  found  in  the  long  ridge 
of  the  South  Mountain,  and  overlying  it  is  a  "  hard,  white,  compaoi  sandstone, 

almost  purelj    silicious,    and  sometimes  exhibiting  evident I    the  heating 

ageno]  of  the  rocks  beneath  bj  its  excessive  hardness,  its  ringing  sound  when 

struck,  its  splintery  fracture,    and  occasional  discoloration."11       Nexl 

this  sandstone,  in  regular  order,  and  extending  from  the  northern   base  of  the 

S, ,uth    Mountain    moiv   than  half  wa\   across   I  he  valley  to  the    northward,   is  a 

belt  of  limestone,  the  presence  of  which  gives  to  the  soil  of  the  region  its  agricul- 
tural value.  It  is  easilj  traced  in  n  continuous  line  from  the  Delaware  Kiver 
westward  and  Bouthwestward  into  Maryland  and  Virginia.  It  has  generally  a 
bluish  color,   is  very  hard  and   sometimes    is    grayish    or   nearly    black.       It   is 

largely  used  as  ballast  along  the  line  of  the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad,  be 
ing  broken  into  fragments  for  the  purpose,  and  forming  a  solid  road  bed.  For 
the  most  part  it  i-  quite  pure,  and  when  burned  yields  excellent  lime;  but  in 
place-  it  contain-  sand,  clay  and  oxide  ,.f  iron  easily  discernible.  There  are 
also,  sometimes  met  with  in  this  formation,  bands  and  nodules  of  chert,  or 
tlint.  usually  of  a  dark  color;  and  fossil  -hells  and  zoophyte-  peculiar  to  the 
era  in  which  the  rock  was  laid  down  are  found  plentifully  in  some  localities. 
It  i-  a  well  known  fact  that  upon  a  limestone  -oil  the  agriculturist  meets  with 
BXCellenl  reward  for  his  labors,  and  such  is  the  case  here,  some  of  tin 
agricultural  district-  in  Pennsylvania  lying  along  this  formation  in  the  beauti- 
ful Cumberland  Valley. 

Above  this  limestone,  however,  in  a  district  which  in  Cumberland  County 
is  included  in  a  strip  extending  southward  from  the  base  of  the  North,  or  Kit- 
tatiimv  Mountain,  is  a  black  or  bluish  slate,  sometimes  varying  in  color  to  gray, 

Olive  Or  yellowish.  The  land-  where  this  exists  are  colder  and  not  so  valuable 
for  farming  purposes  as  those  lying  upon  the  limestone,  though   in  the   latter 

it  is  often  □ Bsary  to  blast  and  quarry  away  outcropping  ridges  of  the  rock 

in  order  that  the  plan- of  cultivation  may  lie  more  easily  carried  out.  The 
slate  land-  are  made  fairly  productive  by  the  use  of  lime  and  other  manures. 
A  peculiar  feature  i-  a  d_\  ke  or  -earn  of  trap  rock,  or  greenstone,  which  extends 
entirely  aero--  the  valley  east  of  the  center  of  the  county,  and  which  doubt- 
less forms  a  continuation  of  the  -ame  ridge  seen  both  to  the  south  and  north 
of  this  county,  penetrating  the  mountains  in  both  directions.  It  is  of  igneous 
origin,  and  was  forced  upward  from  the  intensely  heated  interior,  through 
the  overlying  formations,  to  the  surface.  The  contiguous  rocks  were  so  dis- 
colored and  hardened  by  the  upheaval  of  the  trap  that  in  some  places  they 
bear  little  resemblance  to  the  body  of  the  rock  of  which  they  really  form  a 
part. 

Along  the  border  of  the  limestone  district,  or  in  the  soil  above  it.  are  vain- 
able  beds  of  iron  ore.  which  in  some  localities  have  been  and  are  being  exten- 
sively worked.  In  Penn  Township.  Cumberland  County,  on  Mountain  Creek, 
a  detached  bed  of  limestone  appears,  surrounded  by  the  white  or  mountain 
sandstone.  Growing  on  the  latter,  in  an  extremely  thin  soil,  is  timber  which 
affords  fuel  for  the  furnaces.  Connected  with  this  isolated  limestone  district 
is  a  deposit  of  brown  argillaceous  and  hematite  iron  ore,  which  has  been 
worked  since  a  very  early  period  in  the  history  of  the  county.  "Along  the 
northern  side  of  the  South  Mountain,  near  the  contact  of  the  white  sand-tone 

•Trego's  Geography  of  Pennsylvania,  1843. 


HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 


with  the  limestone,  iron  ore  is  abundant  and  is  extensively  mined  for  the  sup- 
ply of  furnaces.  Further  north  and  wholly  within  the  limestone  formation, 
pipe   ore  and  other  varieties  of  excellent  quality  may  be  obtained  in  many 


The  rocks  of  the  NorthMountain  are  coarse  gray  and  reddish  sandstone,  val- 
uable neither  for  building  nor  mineral  purposes.  Like  the  South  Mountain 
they  are  covered  with  a  dense  growth  of  the  varieties  of  timber  which  flourish 
in  the  region.  Of  the  ores  which  occur  in  the  limestone  formations  of  the  val- 
ley, a  valued  writer  speaks  as  follows:  "Beneath  the  surface  are  inexhaustible 
deposits  of  magnetic  iron,  conveniently  near  to  valuable  beds  of  hematite, 
which  lie  either  in  fissures',  between  the  rocky  strata,  or  over  them  in  a  highly 
ferruginous  loam.  This  hematite  is  of  every  possible  variety,  and  in  immense 
quantities.  When  it  has  a  columnar  stalactite  structure,  it  is  known  under 
the  name  of  pipe  ore,  and  it  is  found  abundantly  along  the  slopes  of  the  valley 
of  the  Yellow  Beeches.  It  usually  yields  a  superior  iron,  and  at  the  same 
time  is  easily  and  profitably  smelted.  It  generally  produces  at  least  50  per 
cent  of  metallic  iron.  The  beds  are  frequently  of  extraordinary  extent,  and  the 
actual  depth  to  which  they  reach  has  not  been  determined.  Over  a  space  of 
ten  acres  a  number  of  holes  have  been  opened,  from  sixteen  to  forty-two  feet 
in  depth,  without  going  through  the  vein.  Together  with  the  magnetic  ore 
these  hematite  beds,  many  of  which  remain  untouched,  are  sufficient  for  sup- 
plying a  large  part  of  the  manufacture  of  the  United  States.  But  in  the  val- 
ley there  are  traces,  also,  of  sulphuret  of  copper  (the  blue  vitriol  of  commerce), 
red  and  yellow  ochre  and  chrome  ores,  alum  earth,  copperas  ores,  porcelain 
earth,  and  clay  for  stone- ware,  common  glazed  ware  and  fire  bricks ;  also  epsom 
salts,  shell  lime,  marl,  manganese,  and  valuable  marbles.  *  *  *  In  every  part  of 
the  limestone  region  tho  earth  resounds  under  the  tread  of  the  traveler,  and 
numerous  sink-holes  communicate  with  caverns  or  running  streams  beneath 
them.  These  constitute  a  natural  drainage,  which  is  amply  sufficient  for  all 
the  ordinary  demands  of  the  highest  culture.  Two  or  three  caves  have  been 
discovered  and  entered,  which  have  been  esteemed  as  curiosities.  The  most 
wonderful  of  these  is  on  the  bank  of  the  Conodoguinet,  about  a  mile  north  from 
Carlisle.  It  is  under  a  small  limestone  cliff,  not  more  than  thirty  feet  high 
above  the  surface  of  the  creek;  but  through  a  semi-circular  arched  entrance, 
froni  seven  to  ten  feet  high  and  ten  in  width,  it  descends  gradually  to  an  ante- 
chamber of  considerable  size.  From  this  a  vaulted  passage  large  enough  to 
allow  one  to  walk  erect  extends  270  feet,  to  a  point  where  it  branches  off  in 
three  directions.  One  on  the  right  is  somewhat  difficult  on  account  of  the 
water  which  percolates  through  the  rocks  on  every  side,  but  leads  to  a  large 
chamber  of  great  length.  The  central  one  is  narrow  and  crooked,  and  has 
never  been  completely  explored  on  account  of  a  deep  perpendicular  precipice 
which  prevents  all  progress  beyond  about  thirty  feet.  The  other  passage  is 
smaller  and  has  but  little  interest.  In  different  parts  are  pools  of  water,  sup- 
posed by  some  to  be  springs,  but  as  they  have  no  outflow  they  are  more  prob- 
ably formed  from  drippings  from  the  surrounding  rocks.  Human  bones  have 
been  found  in  it.  and  no  doubt  it  has  been  used  as  a  place  of  refuge  or  tempo- 
rary lodgment  by  the  Indians.  No  such  articles  as  are  usually  deposited 
with  their  dead  have  yet  been  discovered. "  f 

Another  cave  has  been  discovered  on  the  bank  of  the  Conodoguinet.  in  the 
township  of  West  Pennsborough,  about  one  and  a  half  miles  north  of  Greason. 
The  opening  is  about  10  feet  wide  and  6   feet  high,  extending  back  about  10 


"History  of  Cumberland  County,"  1S79. 


HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY.  I 

bet;  then  8  (eel  wide  and   L6    teel    high  (or  a  diatanoe  of  38  feet.     Then 

another  room  is  reached   LOzlO  feet,  and   LS   feet   high,   fr which  a  pas 

■age  leads  to  a  similar  r a    aol  bo  Large,   bnl   with  a  high  oeiling;  thence 

a  long   narrow    passage  ..pens   into   a    n i    10    tee!    in    oircumference    and 

the  aame  height  as  the  others,  and  from  this  another  small  passage  lead? 
to  near  the  place  of  entrance.  This  oave  abounds  in  stalactites  and  many 
curious   shapes. 

It  l-  said  that  the  white  men  who  first  came  to  the  valley  were  greatly  im 
with  it-  beauty  and  the  natural  productions  of  the  soil.  The  grass 
waa  rich  and  luxuriant,  wild  fruits  were  abundant,  and  there  was  a  great  vari 
ety  of  tree-  in  place-,  including  numerous  species  of  oak,  black  and  white 
walnut  (butternut),  hickory,  white,  red  and  sugar  maple,  cherry,  locust,  sassa- 
fras, chestnut,  ash,  elm.  iinden.  beech,  white  pine  and  scrub  pine.  There 
was  also  a  shrub  growth  of  laurel,  plum,  juniper,  persimmon,  hazel,  wild  cur- 
rant, gooseberry,  blackberry,  raspberry,  -pice  bu-h  and  sumach,  while  in  the 
open  country  the  strawberry,  dewberry  and  wintergreen  made  a  luscious  car- 
peting and  furnished  to  the  Indians  in  their  season  a  tempting  and  welcome 
partial  supply  of  d »  «l 


CHAPTER  II. 


Pioneers— "  Louther  Manor,"  etc.— Taxes  Paed  from  1736  to  1749— Earliest 
Lot  of  Taxables  in  Ci  mbebland  Coi  my  First  Settlers  in  the  North 
Valley— Taxables  intiik  Coxtnttin  1768— Early  Settlers  -Who  am- 
kals  and  Fish— Custom*)  and  Habit — Formation  of  Townships  and  Boe- 
oughs— Lands. 

BEFORE  any  attempts  at  permanent  settlement  were  made  in  the  valley  the 
region  was  known  to  and  explored  by  traders  among  the  Indians,  who  had 
posts  in  various  places  on  the  frontier.  Some  of  these  traders  were  in  reality 
emissaries  of  the  French  (  rovernment,  sent  among  the  Indians  for  the  purpose  of 
seducing  them  from  their  allegiance  to  the  English,  and  the  proprietary  gov- 
ernment regarded  them  with  Watchful  jealousy.  On  the  22d  of  July,  1707, 
Gov.  Evans  laid  before  the  council  at  Philadelphia  an  account  of  his  journey 
among  the  Susquehanna  Indians,  in  which  he  mentions  Martines  Chartieres  as 
being  located  at  Pequehan  (now  Pequea),  at  the  mouth  of  the  creek  of  the  same 
name  in  Lancaster  County,  where  was  an  Indian  town  also  bearing  the  name. 
Nicole  Godin  was  a  trader  near  Peixtan,  and  he  was  decoyed  and  captured  dur- 
ing the  journey,  put  on  a  horse  with  his  legs  tied  under  the  animal's  belly,  and 
taken  to  Philadelphia  and  imprisoned.  Peter  Bezallion.  who  had  a  license,  re- 
sided near  the  mouth  of  Peixtan  or  Paxton  Creek,  and  James  Le  Tort  was  also 
a  trader  in  the  region.  Bezallion  and  Le  Tort  were  both  in  prison  in  17o'.i  for 
sundry  offenses.  Chartieres  was  known  as  "Martin  Chartieres,  the  French 
glover  of  Philadelphia."*  Other  traders  were  in  the  neighborhood.  The 
post  of  Chartieres,  or  as  it  is  more  commonly  given,  Chartier,  was  on  the  east 
bank  of  the  Susquehanna,  about  three  miles  below  Columbia,  Lancaster 
County,  and  the  Penns  gave  him  a  large  tract  of  land  on  Turkey  Hill,  in  that 
county.      He  died,  in  April.  1718,  much  esteemed.      His  son,  Peter  Chartier, 

•Noim  on  Lancaster  County  in  Day's  Hist.  Coll.,  p.  S91. 


8  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

after  living  a  few  years  at  his  father's  place,  moved  to  the  neighborhood  of 
New  Cumberland,  in  the  southeast  corner  of  Cumberland  County,  where  he 
established  a  trading  post.  He  subsequently  removed  to  a  point  on  the  Ohio 
River  below  Pittsburgh,  where  a  creek  now  bears  his  name.  He  was  all  his 
life  an  Indian  trader,  and  finally  becoming  a  resident  among  the  Indians,  took 
sides  with  them  against  the  English.*  Peter  Chartier  was  not,  however,  one 
of  the  first  actual  settlers  in  this  county,  for  it  was  not  until  1740  that  he  pur- 
chased 600  acres  of  land  lying  in  the  southeast  corner  of  what  is  now  Lower 
Allen  Township,  bounded  east  by  the  Susquehanna,  and  south  by  the  Yellow 
Breeches. 

James  Le  Tort  (now  written  Letort)  was  a  French-Swiss,  who  acted  as  an 
Indian  interpreter  and  messenger  to  the  government.  He  was  also  a  trader, 
and  very  early  built  a  cabin  at  the  spring  at  the  head  of  the  run  which  now 
bears  his  name.  His  first  cabin  is  said  to  have  been  burnt  by  the  Indians.  It 
was  built  as  early  as  1720.  So  far  as  known,  he  was  the  first  white  man  to 
have  an  abode,  even  temporarily,  in  what  is  now  Cumberland  County.  His 
location  was  near  Carlisle,  at  a  place  since  known  as  Beaver  Pond.  Letort 
was  a  man  of  excellent  reputation.  He  received  £12  annually  from  the 
government  for  his  services. 

Before  the  Indian  title  to  the  lands  west  of  the  Susquehanna  had  been 
extinguished,  the  Government  authorized  Samuel  Blunston,  of  Lancaster 
County,  to  issue  to  the  settlers  licenses  allowing  them  to  go  and  improve  the 
land,  a  title  to  which  should  be  granted  as  soon  as  the  land  office  should  be 
opened.  These  documents  were  known  as  "  Blunston' s  licenses,"  and  many 
of  the  earlier  settlers  held  them  previous  to  1736. 

Andrew  Ralston.  — Authentic  information  points  to  the  fact  that  this  per- 
son settled  at  the  "Big  Spring,"  either  in  Newton  or  West  Pennsborough 
Township,  in  1728.  Ralston  was  a  native  of  County  Armagh,  Ireland,  and 
upon  applying  at  the  land  office  for  a  warrant,  soon  after  it  was  opened,  he 
stated  that  he  had  occupied  the  land  "ye  past  eight  years."  The  following  is 
a  verbatim  copy  of  the  license  directed  to  be  issued  to  him  at  that  time.f 

Lancaster  County,  ss. 

By  Order  of  the  Proprietary: 

These  are  to  license  and  allow  Andrew  Ralston  to  Continue  to  Improve  and  Dwell  on 
a  Tract  of  Two  Hundred  acres  of  land  on  the  Great  Spring,  a  branch  of  Conedogwainet, 
Joyning  to  the  Upper  Side  of  a  Tract  Granted  to  Randel  Chambers  for  the  use  of  his  son, 
James  Chambers;  To  be  hereafter  surveyed  to  the  s'd  Ralston  on  the  Comon  Terms  Other 
Lands  in  those  parts  are  sold,  provided  the  same  has  not  been  already  Granted  to  any 
other  person,  and  So  much  can  be  had  without  Prejudice  to  other  Tracts  before  Granted. 
Given  under  my  hand  this  third  day  of  January,  Ano:  Dom:  1736-7.  Sa:  Blunston. 
Pensilvania,  ss. 

Indorsed:    License  to  Andrew  Ralston,  200  acres. 

The  land  was  subsequently  surveyed  to  him  by  Samuel  Blunston,  surveyor 
of  Lancaster  County,  of  which  it  was  then  a  part.  Mr.  Ralston  had  two 
daughters,  who  married  a  Hayes  and  a  Dickey,  and  a  son,  David,  who 
remained  at  Big  Spring  for  many  years,  but  finally  removed  to  Westmoreland 
County,  and  died  about  1810. 

Tobias  Hendricks  located  in  the  valley  before  Andrew  Ralston,  possibly 
previous  to  1725.  He  was  a  son  of  Tobias  Hendricks,  of  Donegal.  It  is  posi- 
tively certain  he  was  west  of  the  Susquehanna  in  1727,  for  in  a  letter  to  John 
Harris,  dated  May  13  that  year,  he  speaks  of  his  father  "at  Donegal,"  and 
requests  Mr.  Harris  to  forward  a  letter  to  him.  He  also  alludes  to  "  a  trader" 
at  the  Potomac  of  whom  he  purchased  skins,  and  also  of  the  ' '  grate  numbers 

•Samuel  Evans,  in  Notes  and  Queries,  Tart  I,  p.  17. 
tNotes  and  Queries,  Part  I,  p.  19.— Dr.  H.  W.  Egle. 


BIST0R1   OF  CUMBERLAND  001  N  H  9 

i*n«ning  this  side  of  ye  Sasquahannah. "     The  Sootch  Irish  emigration   had 
then  began  and  the  vallej  was  being  rapidly  settled.*     Whether  Bendricks 
e  a  permanent  Bettler  is  not  stated. 
The    Chambers    Brothers.     Poor   brothers,    James,    Robert,    Joseph   and 
Benjamin  Chambers,  from  Count]  Antrim,  [reland,  were  among  the  verj  6rsi 
to  cross  the  Sosqnehanna  and  settle  apon  lands  in  the  North  Valley.     The] 
landed  al  Philadelphia  in  1726,  and  pnshing  westward  located  at  the  month  of 
Fishing  Creek,  on  the  east  hank  of  the  Susquehanna,  a  few  miles  above  Har- 
rry,   where  they  1  milt    a  mil]    which   was  a  great    convenience  for  the 
' settlers  over  I    huge  tract  of  country.       Benjamin,  the  youngest,   was  but  eighl 
age  when  the  brothers  came  to  this  country,  and  he  died  Febru 
ary  IT.  1788,  aged  eighty  years.     No!  long  after  their  settlement   at    Pishing 
Creek  the  brothers  became  attracted  b)  the  prospect    for   procuring   fine  farms 
west  of  the  river,  and  in  or  before  1730  crossed  over  and  settle. i  at   di 
places:   "James  at   the  head  of  Green  Spring,  near  Newville;   Robert  at  the 
Middle  Spring,  near  Shippensburg;  and   Joseph  and    Benjamu 

Palling  Spring  and   the  Con icheagui1.  where  Chambers 

burg  now  stands."  Joseph  soon  returned  to  Fishing  Creek:  the  others 
remained  where  tiny  had  settled  and  became  prominent  and  influential  citizens 
in  man. 

It  would  appear  thai  the  land  included  in  the  Louther  .Manor,  in  thi  i 
era  part  of  the  county,  was  ver)  earl}  the  home  of  white  settlers.  That  tract. 
being  first  laid  out  as  a  hunting  ground  for  the  Delawaresand  Shawnees,  three 
men  were  appointed  to  visit  the  Indians  whither  the]  had  gone  upon  tic 
branches  of  the  Ohio,  and  induce  them  to  return.  The]  had  left  this  region 
partly  on  account  of  the  encroachments  of  white  settlei  upon  their  lands,  and 
partly  through  the  efforts  of  emmissaries  of  the  French  in  the  guise  of  trader.-. 
The  three  persons  mentioned  indited  a  document  as  follows: 

I'ksii-i ■  \ n k .  I  Nov.  ye  19th,  1781. 
.</  Peter  Chartiere,  This  is  to  Acquaint  Thee  that   Bj  the  Comisioners'  and  the 
Qovernour's  ordei  V\  i  ou  quehanna,  To  Laj  out  a  Tract  ot   I 

ivainel  &  Thi  t  reeks  Bveor  su  miles  Sack  from  the  River.in  oi 

dcr  to  accomodate  the  Shaawna  In. linn-  oi  sucl  others  as  ma]  see  in  to  Settle  then-  To 

■  also  orders  to  I  lis] is  ill  Person    Set 

tied  on  lb  ["hose  woods  may  Remain  free  to  ye  I  ml  cm-  for  Plant- 

Hunting,  And  We  Desire  thee  to  Comunicate  this  to  the  Indians  who  Live  About 

Thy  Assured  Ff'ds, 

Johh  Wright, 
Tom  is  Hendricks, 
Bam'j   r.i.i  s 

As  seen  elsewhere  the  Indian-  did  not  return;  the  above  simpl]  shows  that 
white  persons  had  settled  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  count)  as  early  as  1731, 
ami  probablj   earlier,     Peter  Chartier  had  been   appointed  a  trader  by  the 

court  at  Ll  and    lie   married  a  Shawanese  squaw.      His  -; 

sertion  to  t :  has  been  noted. 

"The  intlnx  of  immigrants  into  North  or  Cittatinny  Valley,"  says  Mr. 
Rnpp,  "increased  East  after  17'U.      In  IT  In  the  number  of  taxable*  was  about 

800,  .and  the  population  rising  to  3,000.     As  earl]  as  1735  a  r I  was  laid  out 

from  Harris*  Ferry  toward  the  Potomac  river.  November  I.  1735,  the  court 
at  I  ter  appointed  Handle  chambers,  Jacob  Peat,  James  Silvers,  Thomas 

Eastland,  John  Lawrence  and  Abram  Endless,  to  lay  out   said  road.     These 

uidQurlea,  Part  I,  p.  18, 
■ink,  Pelxtan  orPaxton,  was  the  original  name  of  the  manor. 

in  name  of  stream.  Delaware  language, 

«Fruu  articleon  Luuther  Manor,  by  I>r.  .1.  A.  .Muo  . 


10  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

gentlemen  made  a  report  February  3,  1736,  of  their  views  of  the  road,  which 
was  opposed  '  by  a  considerable  number  of  the  inhabitants  on  the  west  side  of 
the  Susquehanna  in  those  parts, '  and  praying  for  a  review.  The  court  then  or- 
dered that  William  Rennick,  Richard  Hough,  James  Armstrong,  Thomas 
Mayes,  Samuel  Montgomery  and  Benjamin  Chambers  view  the  road,  and  to 
make  such  alterations  in  it  as  to  them  may  seem  necessary  for  the  public  good, 
and  report  their  proceedings  to  next  court.  They  made  the  following  report, 
May  4,  1736 :  '  That  they  had  reviewed  the  eastern  most  part  of  the  said  road, 
and  find  it  very  crooked  and  hurtful  to  the  inhabitants,  etc. ,  and  therefore  have 
altered  the  said  road  and  marked  it  in  the  manner  following,  to-wit  :  From  the 
said  ferry,  near  to  a  southwest  course  about  two  miles;  thence  a  westerly 
course  to  James  Silvers',  then  westward  to  John  Hogg's  meadow;  then  west- 
ward to  a  fording  place  on  Le  Tort' s  spring,  a  little  to  the  northward  of  John 
Davison'6;  thence  west  northerly  to  the  first  marked  road  in  a  certain  hollow; 
thence  about  southwest  a  little  to  the  south  of  Robert  Duning'  s,  to  the  former 
marked  road;  thence  along  the  same  to  the  Great  Spring  head,  being  as  far  as 
any  review  or  alteration  to  them  appeared  necessary,'  which  so  altered  as 
above  said,  and  altered  from  the  return  to  go  by  James  Silvers'  house,  was  al- 
lowed to  be  recorded. ' ' 

The  North  Valley  (now  constituting  Cumberland  and  Franklin  Counties) 
was  divided  in  1735  into  two  townships,  called  Pennsborough  and  Hopewell, 
and  the  line  dividing  them  was  thus  described:  ' '  That  a  line  running  northerly 
from  the  Hills  to  the  southward  of  Yellow  Breeches  (crossing  in  a  direct  line 
by  the  Great  Spring)  to  Kightotinning  Mountain,  be  the  division  line;  and 
that  the  easternmost  township  be  called  Pennsborough  and  the  western  Hope- 
well." Hopewell  was  divided  in  1741  "by  a  line  beginning  at  the  North 
Hill,  at  Benjamin  Moor's;  thence  to  Widow  Hewre's  and  Samuel  Jamison's, 
and  on  a  straight  line  to  the  South  Hill,  and  that  the  western  division  be 
called  Antrim,  and  the  eastern  Hopewell."  This  was  before  the  organization 
of  Cumberland  County. 

Taxes  and  Collectors. — Table  of  taxes  paid,  and  names  of  collectors  in  town- 
ships in  what  is  now  Cumberland  County,  from  1736  to  1749: 

1736 — Pennsborough,  £13  17s.  6d. ;  James  Silvers,  collector.  Hopewell, 
£5  2s. 

1737— Pennsborough,  £13  9s.  9d.  East  part  of  Hopewell,  £3  2s. ;  west 
part  of  Hopewell,   £2  19s. 

1738— Pennsborough,  £20  14s.  Od.  East  part  of  Hopewell,  £10  0s.  3d.; 
west  part  of  Hopewell,  £7  7s.  9d. 

1739 — Pennsborough,  £23  16s.  8d. ;  William  Tremble,  collector.  South 
part  of  Hopewell,  £11  8s.  Id. ;  Jacob  Snebly,  collector.  North  part  of  Hope- 
well, £6  lis.  6d. ;  Abraham  Endless,  collector. 

1740 — West  part  of  Pennsborough,  £11  4s.  7d. ;  Robert  Dennin,  collector. 
East  part  of  Pennsborough,  £14  18s.  7d. ;  John  Walt,  collector.  East  Hope- 
well, £4  0s.  2d. ;  James  Laughlin,  collector.  West  Hopewell,  £4  19s.  3d. ; 
Philip  Davis,  collector. 

1741 — Pennsborough,  £17  15s.  lOd. ;  Robert  Redock,  collector.  Hopewell, 
£3  8s.   9d. ;  James  Montgomery,  collector. 

1742 — West  end  of  Pennsborough,  £7  19s.  2d. ;  William  Weakly,  collector. 
East  end  of  Pennsborough,  £16  7s.  8d. ;  John  Swansey,  collector.  Hopewell, 
£5  lis.  4d. ;  David  Herren,  collector. 

1743 — East  end  of  Pennsborough,  £9  0s.  6d. ;  John  Semple,  collector;  West 
end  of  Pennsborough,  £10  7s.  3d. ;  Robert  Miller,  collector.  Hopewell,  £6 
16s.    lid. ;  Henry  Hallan,  collector. 


history  OP  CUMBBBLAMD  0OUNT1  11 

17H  West  end  of  Pennsborough,  £22  Lb.;  John  Mitchell,  collector;  east 
end  of  PennsboTongh,  t'l"  l'Js.  Til.;  Thomas  Fisher,  collector.  Hopewell, 
jL  I • »   18b.   2d  |  Tli  t;  .  oolleotor. 

171.".  Weal  Pennsborough,  E2S  Lb.  Lid. ;  James  Chambers,  collector;  East 
Pennsborough,  618  l-  ;  John  M>«  'i  .-i.-l.  m.  .->  .Il.i-1.  .r.  Hopewell,  £1-  It's.  Id.; 
William  Thompson,  colli 

IT  4 < >     East  Pennsborough,  £10  5a.;  John  Rankin,  collector;   \\ .    I  I'ouns 
borough,  £13   Is.   8&;  James   McFarlin,  collector.      Hopewell,    £9  17s.  9d.; 
John  Erwin,  collector. 

L747— East  Pennsborough,  £10  L2s. ;  Joseph  Green,  oolleotor;  West  l'enns- 
barough,  £13  Is-.  6d.;  Patrick  Davis,  collector.  Hopewell,  £12  7s.  Til.;  John 
Onrrej .  collector. 

ITts  East  Pennsborough,  £12  2s.;  Christopher  Huston,  collector;  West 
1  orough,   £14  L4s.  6d. ;   William  Dunbar,  collector.     Hopewell.   £13  13s. 

8d  ;  James  W  alter,  collector. 

L749     East  Pennsborough,  £23  L6s.  6d.;  Tobias  Hendricks,  collector;  West 
borough,    £28  8s.   9cL;  Archibald  McAllister,  collector.     Hopewell,  £43 
Ba  9A;  John  Kirkpatriok,  collector. 

in   Township   we   do   not    give  as   it   was  outside  the  present  limits  of 
Cumberland  County,  being  in  Franklin. 

Earliest  List  of  Taxables.     The  earliest  list  of  taxables   in   Cumbe 
County, as  given  by  Mr.  Rupp  in  the  history  of  Dauphin,  Cumberland  and  other 
counties,  is  a-  follows: 

East  Pennsborough,  1750.     Tobias  Hendricks,  Widow  Jane  Woods.  Samuel 

Calhoon,  Thomas  Spray.  Thomas  Kenny,  -lames  Shannon,  James  Dickey,  John 

Bigham,  Samuel   Chambers.  William   Barrehill,  William  Noble,  William  Craw 

ford.  William  Met  Ihesney,  Richard  Fulton.  John  MoClellan,  William  I  lose.  A  dam 

in,  William  Shannon,  JohnSemple,  Charles  West,  Christopher  H 

Walker  Buchanan.  1  >a\  id  II 1.  .lames  Armstrong.  Hugh  Wharton,   Edward  El- 

iot,  Francis  McGuire,  William  Findley,  Josias  McMeans,  Hugh  Mahool,  Rob 
rithers,  William  Ross,  Benry  Qnigly,  William  Morton.  John  Armstrong. 
John  Buchanan.  Nathaniel  Nelson,  John  Nailer.  Andrew  Armstrong,  Thomas 
MoCormick,  John  Dickey,  John  McCracken,  Widow  Clark.  Widow  McMeans, 
Eliot,  Robert  Eliot,  Jr.,  James  Corrithers,  William  Gray,  Alexander 
Lamferty,  John  Willey,  Robert  Duning,  Joseph  Junkin,  William  Walker, 
Alex  Armstrong,  Moses  Star,  James  Crawford,  Roger  Cook.  Hugh  Cook,  Will- 
iam  Miller,  John  MoCormick,  Jamer  Silvers,  John  Stevenson,  James  Coleman, 
David  Waason,  John  Hunter,  William  Douglas,  John  Mitchel,  Andrew  Mile 
kin.  John  Mil. 'Liu.  Patrick  Holmes,  James  Finley,  Peter  Shaver  (Shaver  was  a 
trader  among  the  Indians  and  waa  employed  by  Gov.  Thomas,  in  1741,  to  car- 
ry tetters  to  the  Shawanese  Indians  on  the  Ohio  inviting  them  to  come  to  Phil- 
adelphia., loin.  Erwin,  William  Carrithers,  Widow  Quigly,  Samuel  Martin, 
William   Hamilton.   Robert  .  John    Waugli.    Thomas   Rankin,   Richard 

Rankin.  John  Clendenin.  Joseph  Waugli.  Widow  Roberts,  Thomas  Henderson, 
i  Hamilton,  William  Marshal.  William  Miller,  Wilson  Thomas,  VI. ■•■. 
Crocket.  Widov»  Branan,  Thomas  Calvert.  William  Griffith.  Robert  Bell,  Will- 
Lam  Orr,  James  McConnel,  John  Bowan,  Robert  McKinley,  Samuel  Fisher, 
auel  McCormiok,  Rowland  Chambers,  Robert  Helton,  Lsaac 
Rutlidge,  Rowland  McDonald.  Walter  Gregory,  Widow  Stewart.  James  Mc 
Tear,  Peter  Leest or.  LMor  Title,  Joseph  Willie,  Anthony  McCue,  James  Beaty, 
William  Crocket,  Andrew  Miller,  Robert  Roseborough,  Joseph  Green,  James 
Douglas,  Widow  Steel,  Widow  McKee,  Joseph  Reynolds,  Jr.  Freemen  Will 
iam  Hogg.  Ceorge  Crogham,  Esq. ,  Jonathan  Hogg,  Samuel  Huston,  John  Gilke- 


12  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

son,  Robert  Airs,  Abraham  Hendricks,  Archibald  Armstrong,  Joseph  Ferret, 
Clime  Horal,  Daniel  Campbell,  William  McDonald,  Matthew  Lindham,  J. 
Armstrong,  Cornelius  Brown,  Hugh  Shannon,  Robert  Walker,  Nathaniel  Wil- 
son, Matthew  Brown  (two  silversmiths  at  William  McChesney'  s),  John  Adams, 
David  Kenworthy,  James  Gaily,  William  McTeer,  Edward  Ward,  Arthur  Er- 
win,  James  Clark,  William  Cranula — total  190, 

West  Pennsborough  1751. — William  Queery,  William  Lamont,  Archibald 
McAllister,  William  Carithers,  John  Davison,  Allen  Leeper,  Neal  McFaul, 
John  McClure  (the  less),  William  Logan,  John  Atchison,  Thomas  McCoy, 
Charles  Gillgore,  Andrew  Griffin,  William  Dunbar,  William  Harkness,  Will- 
iam Patton,  Samuel  McClure,  Robert  Walker,  James  Kirkpatrick,  John  Swan- 
sy,  Arthur  Clark,  Adam  Hays,  James  McMeans,  John  Deniston,  John  Mcln- 
tire,  James  McFarland,  William  Laughlin,  Robert  Brevard,  Robert  McQueston, 
James  Peebles,  John  McClure  (mountain),  Alex  McClure,  John  Langley,  John 
Gordon,  William  Livingston,  Robert  Guthrie,  William  Anderson,  John  Glass, 
John  Logan,  William  Duglass,  Alex  Erwin,  Alex  Logan,  William  Townsley, 
William  Parker,  Margaret  Parker,  Andrew  Forbush,  John  Morrison,  David 
Kollogh,  George  Brown,  Francis  Cunningham,  Alex  Robb,  Anthony  Gillgore, 
Jacob  Peebles,  Samuel  Wilson,  Allen  Scroggs,  David  Kenedy,  Mary  Dunn- 
ing, William  Carithers,  John  Carithers,  John  Chestnut,  Thomas'  Patton, 
Andrew  Ralston,  John  McClung,  Ezekiel  Dunning,  James  Lea,  John  Lusk, 
Alex  McBrtde,  James  McNaught,  William  Blackstock,  James  Crutchlow,  Will- 
iam Dunlap,  Thomas  Evans,  Steven  Cesna,  James  Weakly,  David  Hunter, 
Josh  Cornelius,  Alex  Weyly,  Lewis  Hutton,  James  Warnock.  David  Dunbar, 
David  Miller,  John  Wilson,  Josh  Thomson,  Josh  Dempsay,  Samuel  Lindsay, 
Paul  Piercy,  Owen  McCool,  Pat  Robeson,  Thomas  Parker.  Freemen — Samuel 
Wilson,  James  McMunagle,  David  McCurdy,  Pat  Reynolds,  Andrew-  McAdams, 
John  McCurdy— total  95. 

Middleton,  1751. — AYilliam  Trent,  Thomas  Wilson,  John  Elder,  John 
Chambers,  Robert  McNutt,  James  Long,  John  Mahafy,  James  Reed,  John 
Moor,  John  Craighead,  James  Dunlop,  Patrick  Hawson,  Walter  Denny,  James 
Gillgore,  Patrick  Davison,  Thomas  Elder,  Henry  Dinsmore,  John  Mitchell, 
Samuel  Lamb,  James  Williams,  James  Matthews,  Alexander  Sanderson, 
James  Henderson,  Matthew  Miller,  John  Davis,  William  Graham.  William 
Campbell,  William  Parkeson,  Francis  McNichley,  John  McKnaught,  John 
Calhoun,  William  Peterson,  John  Robb,  Robert  Graham,  Samuel  McLucass, 
Daniel  Williams,  George  Sanderson,  Alexander  Sanderson,  Joseph  Clark,  John 
McClure,  Jonathan  Holmes,  James  Chambers,  Thomas  Armstrong,  William 
Waddel,  James  •  McConnell,  Richard  Nicholson,  John  Neely,  John  McC'rea, 
John  Stuart,  Archibald  Kenedy,  John  Jordan,  William  Jordan.  George  Tem- 
pleton,  James  Stuart,  Richard  Venable,  Widow  Wilson,  David  Dreanan,  John 
Dinsmore,  Samuel  Gauv,  William  Davison,  Samuel  Bigger.  Thomas  Gibson, 
John  Brown,  John  McKinley,  Robert  Campbell,  John  Kinkead,  Samuel  Wil- 
son, Robert  Patterson,  John  Reed,  Robert  Reed,  James  Reed.  William  Reed, 
William  Armstrong,  James  Young,  Robert  Miller,  William  Gillachan,  Josh 
Davies,  William  Fleming,  John  Gilbreath,  Richard  Coulter,  Richard  Kilpat- 
rick,  Andrew  Gregg,  Robert  Thomson,  John  Dicky,  James  Brannan,  John  Mc- 
Clure, John  Buyers,  Arthur  Foster,  Harmanus  Alrichs,*  John  Armstrong, 
John  Smith,  William  Buchanan,  William  Blyth,  John  McAllister,  William 
Montgomery,  John  Patterson,  Robert  Kilpatrick,  Archibald  McCurdy,  William 
Whiteside,  John  Woodle,  William  Dillwood,  William  Huston,  Thomas  Lock- 

i  liis  own  handwriting 


QovumM  >•  1 1  f/iAM 


HIST0R1    OP  CUilBERU  1  ."> 

win. I.  Thomas  Bendereoi     '  o,  James  Donning,  William   w 

Gi  \  Lexander   I '  [c  Bride,  R<  herl    R<  ibb,  I 

John  Bell,  Arthur 
Bnohanan,  Roberl  Guthrie,  Berrj  Cackel,  Cornelius  MoAdam  .  Lndrev  Wo 
Intire,  Alexander  Roddy,  Josh  Price,  Eugh  Laird,  William  Widov, 

i  .  Abraham   Snnford,    Mi —    Moor,    Joseph    Gaylie,   Charles    Mahaufy, 

:    Kerr,    Hugh    Creanor,    Will  -  Wil] 

Chadwi  Middleton  and  Carlisle      Lndrev<    Holmes,  Jonathan 

I  1  '  ■     ael,  William  w  il  on,  Patrick  Loag, 

I  Patterson,  William  Kinaird,  GeorgeCrisp,  Hugh  Laird,  V,  i: 
James  Tait,  Patrick  Kearney,  Arthur  Poster,  James  i  Elmore, 

i    ban    Hains,  William   Rai  tee  <  tambel,  John 

w 1-  total,  L58. 

Hopewell  Township,  1751.      Roberl  Gibson,  David  Heron,  Moses  Do 

-   Donald,   I  Daniel   McDonald,   John   Eliott,  Alexander 

McClintock,  James    McFarland,   Joshua    McClii 

Thomson,  Josh  Thomson,  Josh  Thomson,  Jr.,   Roberl    McDowell,  James  Mc 
Powell,   Robert    Rusk,    John    Sorogs,    William    Walker,    William    Con 
Thomas  Gaw]  Hamilton,  John  Laughler,  Josh  Gair,  Samuel  W 

,    David    Kidd    John    Hodge,    Roberl    MeOombs,  Thomas 
Micky,  John  n.    Andrew    Mcllvain.  George  Han 

John  Thomson,  William'  Montgomery,  Roberl   Simeon,  John 

Brown,  Allen  Nisbit,  John  Neebit,  Jr.,  John  Nesbit,  Sr.,  Ji 

drew  Peeble,  John    '  Patrick  Hannah,  John  Tr ble,  Moses  Stuart, 

William  Reigny,  John  Moorhead,  James  '■  ■  iuel  Stuart,  Robei 

inson,  David  Newell,  Ji  Murray,  Joseph  Boggs,  John 

LyBee,  Andrew  Leokey,  John  Montgomery,  John  Beaty,  James  Walker,  \\  illiam 
Bmyley,  Jan  re,  Roberl  Meek,  Dr.  William  McGofreck,  James  Jack, 

I  June,  Charles  Cumins.  Samuel  Wier, 
John  McCune,  Jr.,  Josh  v  rahan,  Alien  Kollogh,  James  Young, 

Francis  Newell,  John  Quigly,  Roberl  Stuart,  Samuel  Montgomery,  Daniel 
Mickey.  Andrew  .1  Roberl  Chambers,  W  ill 

iam  Thomson,  Edward  L  ander  Scrogg,  John  ughlin, 

John    Laughlin,  Jr.,    Robert    Du y,    David  Simrel,   Samuel    Walker,    U>ra 

ham  Walker,  .lames  Paxfc       I  i  dey,  Samuel  Cellar,  W.  Mc< 

John   Miller,  Daniel  O'Cain,  John 
■■'  .aw  I  Magaw-  Ed  |     John   Reynolds,  I  n 

ble,  William  Andei  Dunlop,  John  Reym 

William  Dunlop,  Widot  orge  Cumin,,   Thomas  Finley,  Al< 

Fairbairn,  John  Mason,  J  •!,  William  Gibson,  II. -race  Brattan,  Jo] 

era,  Patrick  Mullan,  .lames  Blair,   Peter  Walker,  John  Stevenson 
,  John  Ignue.     Freemen — Joh  Ibsh   Edmonson,  John  Callwell, 

iichison  (skinni  r),  P.  Miller     total,  L34. 
First  Settlers.     The  first  Bottlers  in  the  North  Valley  and  the  region  to  the 
northward,  embraced  in  what  v.-  ad  County,  were  mostly  Scotch-Irish, 

n  tearless  and  aggressive  \ pie  who  were  impatient  at  the  delays  of  thi 

office,  and  b  ;   as  L740    12  to  settle  on  Ian  ch   the  Indiau 

title  ha  fully  extinguished.     A  I  -them. 

and  the  settlements  were  icipally  on  the  Juniata  River,  Shearman's 

Creek,  Tuscarora  Path  (or  Path  Valley),  in  the  little  and  big  caves  formed  bj 
theKittatiuny  andTn-carora  Mountains  and  by  the  Big  and  Little  Conolloways. 
The  Indians  verj  naturally  regarded  them  as  in1 

e  matters  in  their  own  way  if  the  Government  failed  to  pul  a  st.  i] 


IQ  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

proceedings.  Measures  were  promptly  adopted.  ''The  secretary  of  the 
provLce,  Mr.  Richard  Peters,  and  the  interpreter,  Mr.  Conrad  Weiser,  were 
directed  to  proceed  to  the  county  of  Cumberland,  in  which  the  new  settlements 
lay  and  to  expel  the  intruders.  They  were  joined  by  the  magistrates  of  the 
county.V  defegates  from  the  Six  Nations,  a  chief  of  the  Mohawks  and  Andrew 
Montour,  an  interpreter  from  Ohio.  The  commissioners  met  with  little  resist- 
ance in  he  execution  of  their  duty,  a  few  only  of  the  settlers,  under  an  a£ 
prehension  of  imprisonment,  making  a  show  of  opposition.  All  readily  entered 
fnto  recognizance  for  their  appearance  at  the  next  sessions  and  many  aided  to 
reduce  their  own  habitations  to  ashes  in  the  presence  of  the  magistrates  and 


attendant  Indians."* 


'eFollowingTs  the  report  of  the  proceedings  made  to  the  governor  by  Mr. 
Peters,  under  date  of  July  2,  1750: 
T°  3^a^Z^u?2k^-m.WeLlT^r^eA  your  Honor's  orders  to  give 

mmmmmsmm 

""  A? M?  Cr'oX" "'  m'l  With  «v.  Indian,.  in™  from  SU.mokin.  two  of  trtiej  «,. 

"'SKX'SS  ™  held  M  U»  i».»»ce  of  th.  Indian.,  in  tie  pre.™,  of  Mr 
M£ ,."d  Mr "rogh.n,   °*>™  mentioned,  wherein  they  eiprtsed  .hem..he,  «. 

"^.nfoVce' SK^i-rS  rnf.VwU'niriSeWed  on. ,  in  return  from  the 

•Rupp'a  Cumberland,  etc.,  p.  378. 


BIST0R1   OF  CUMBERLAND  COl  M\  IT 

one  such  proclamation,  and  had  nothing  to  Baj  for  themselves,  bul  craved  mercy.    Here 
upon  the  said  William  Wb        i  and    William  Galloway,  David  Hiddleston   and 

George  Cahoon,  being  convicted   bj  Bald  justices  on  their  view,  the  under  Bherifl  was 

I  with  them  and  he  look  William  White,  David   Siddleston  and    George   Oah 

ted,  and  bai  h  me  dis 

tance  from  the  under  sheriff,  they  called  to  us   "You  may  take  our  lands I  houses  and 

do  what  you  please  with  them;  we  deliver  them  to  you  with  all   our  hearts,  bul  we  will 
not  !•■  '''■" 

The  nest  morn  in-  being  Wednesdaj    the  38dof  May,  the  said  justices  went  to  the  log 
house  or  cabin  of  Andre  w|Lycon,  and  finding  none  there  bul  children,  and  bearing  thai  tin 

father  and  ther  were  expected  sooti,  and  William  Wh  become 

security,  jointly  and  severally,  and  to  enter  into   recognizance  as  well  foi   Lndri 
pearaoce  and  :  moval  as  for  their  own,  this  proposal  w  as  accepted,  and  Will 

lain  While.  David  Hiddleston  and  <  leorge  <  'ahnon  a  recognizance  of  one  hun- 

dred pounds,  and  executed  bonds  to  the  proprietaries  in  the  sum  of  five  hundred  pounds 
that   ii,r\   were   trespassers    and   had  do  manner  of  right,   and  had  delivered 

Em   to  me  for  the  proprietaries.     When  the  magistrates  went  to  the  cabi 'log 
11  Galloway  (which  they  had  delivered  up  as  aforesaid  the  day 
ifter  thei  were  convicted  and  were  flying  from  the  sheriff),  all  the  goods  belong 

and  w  illiam  were  taken  out,  and  the  i  qui intj .  I 

■  ies.  And  then  •  as  held.Y  hat  should 

it]  cabin;  and  after  great  deliberation  all  agreed  thai  if  some  cabins 
were  not  destroyed  the]  would  tempi  the  trespassers  to  ncourage  others 

to  come  there   should  lassersgo  away,  andsowbal  was  doingwould  signify 

nothing,  since  the  possession  of  them  was  at  such  a  distance  from  the  inhabitants  could 
not  be  kept  from  the  proprietaries,  and  Mr.   Weiser  also  giving;  it  as  his  opinion  ths 

the  cabins  were  left  standing  the  Indians  would  conceive  such  a  conti  mptible  opini 

rnment  that  they  would  come  themselves  in  the  winter,  murder  the  i pie  and 

Ml  their  1  On  these  i  considerations,  the  cabin,  by  my  order,  was  burnl  by 

the  under  sheriff  and  compan] 

Then  went  to  the  house  ,  David  Siddleston,  who  had  en 

tered  into  bond  as  aforesaid,  and  he  having  voluntarily  taken  oul  all  the  things  which 

were  in  the  cabin,  and  left  me  In  i ession,  thai  empt]  and  unfurnished  cabin   « 

in  Bre  b]  the  under  sheriff  by  m]  ordi  i 
The  Dgthe24tb  ol   Ma]    Mr.  Weiser  and  Mr  Galbreath,  withtheunder 

sheriff  at  n  our  way  to  the  mouth  of  the  Juniata  called  al  Andrew  Lycon'swith 

the  intent  only  to  inform  him  thai  his  neighbors  were  bound  for  his  appearance  and  im 
mediate  removal,  and  to  .  laution   him  no!   to  bring  himself  or  them  into  trouble  by  a  re 

fusal      But  hi  pn  sen  ted  a  loaded  gun  to  the  magistrates  and  sheriff;  said  he  would  si I 

the  first  man  thai  dan  igher     On  this  he  was  disarmed,  convicted,  am 

sheriff.    This  whole  transaction  happened  in  sight  of  a  tribe 
,,f  [ndis       -  ccidenl  had  in  the  night  time  fixed  their  tent  on  that  plantation;  and 

-  behavior  gn  i  -■    the  Bhickcalamiee  insisted  ur  burning 

tlie  cabin  or  thi  j  would  do  il  themselves     Whereupon,  when  every  thing  was  taken  out  of 
v  Lycon  all  the  while  assisting)  and  possession  being  deliverea  to  me,  the  empt] 
cabin  ■■  t  sheriff  and  Lj  eon  « as  earned  to  jail 

Mr.  Benjamin  Chambers  and  Mr.  George  Croghan  had  about  an  hour  before  separat 
,., |  f, ■,,„,  eting  them  acrain  in  Cumberland  Count]  the]  reported  to  me 

(hey had! tal  Bheerman'e  Crei  k,  oi  Cittle  Juniata,  situate  about  six  miles  over  the  Blue 

Mountain,  and  found  there  James  Parker,  Thomas  Parker,  Owen  McKeib,  John  Mi  I  llan 
Richard  Eirkpatrick,  James  Murray.  John  Scott,  Henry  Gass,  John  Cowan,  Simon  Girtee 
Hint  John  Kllough,  who  had  settled  lands  and  erected  cabins  or  log  houses  thereon    and 
having  convicted   them  ol  the  trespass  on  their  view    the]  had  bound  them        reco 

nlzancec  |  of hundred  pounds  to  appear  and  answer  for  their  trespasses 

on   t he  first  day  of  the  nej  rl  ol  Cumberland,  to  be  held  ai  Shippensburg, 

and  that  the  said  trespassers  had  likewise  entered  into  bonds  to  the  proprietaries  in  five 
hundred  pounds  penalty  to  remove  off  immediately,  with  all  theii  servants,  cattle  and  el 
•  ession  of  their  houses  to  Mi  n   for  the  pro 

prietarii  -  use   and  lb  tson  b  id  ordi  red  some  of  the  meanest  of  those  cabins  to 

be  s,  ■  unities  were  nol  large  nor  the  improvements  considerable 

On  Monday,  the  88th  of  May,  we  were  met  at  Snippet  ■  lei  Smith,  William 

Maxwell,  George  Croghan,  Benjamin  Cb  toberl  Chambers,  William  Allison, Will- 

lamTrent,Joh  d  Miller,  Hermanus  Alricks,  and  James  Galbretb 

of  Cumberland  County,  whi  i    that  the  ] pie  in  the  Tu  in   Big 

Cove,  and  at  Aucqutck  would  Bubmit,  Mr.  Weiser  most  earnestly  pressed  that  he  might  be 
I  any  further  attendance,  bavinp  abundan  try  business  to  do  al  home; 

and  the  other  magisti  i  with  much  reluctance,  at  last  consenting,  be  left  us. 

i  in  w  he  80th  of  May,  the   magistrates  and  company,  being   detained  two 

days  by  rains,  proi  eeded  over  the  luttochtinny  Mountains  and  entered  Into  theTuscarora 


18  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

Path  or  Path  Valley,  through  which  the  road  to  Alleghany  lies  Many  settlements  were 
loomed  in  this  valle/'and  alfthe  people  were  sent  for  and  ^^n^^ns^^ 
viz.:  Abraham  Slack.  James  Blair,  Moses  Moore,  Arthur  I)  u  nl  p,A;  ,  n  der  B  cU.  , 
David  Lewis  Adam  McCartie,  Felix  Doyle,  Andrew  Dunlap,  Robert  Yv  ilson,  Jacob  lyatt, 
J  c  bPvatt  Jr ,  William  Ramage,  Reynolds  Alexander,  Samuel  Patterson,  Robert  Baker 
John  Aims  rong  and  John  Potts,  who' were  all  convicted  by  their  own  confession  to  the 
iv  "str es  of  the  like  trespasses  with  those  at  Shearman's  Creek,  and  were  bound  in 
he  like  r  ,  ,  "^izan ces  to  appear  at  court,  and  bonds  to  the  proprietaries  to  remove  with  all 
thei  fan  dies'  servants,  cattle,  and  effects,  and  having  all  voluntarily  given  possess  on  of 
the  r  ho^cs  to  me,  some  ordinary  log  houses  to  the  number  of  eleven  were  burnt  to  the 
Sound,  he  trespassers,  most  of  them  cheerfully  and  a  very  few  of  hem  with  reluctance, 
can-vim.-  out  all   heir  goods.     Some  had  been  deserted  before  and  lay  waste. 

At  Aucquiek,  Peter  Falconer,  Nicholas  De  Long,  Samuel  Perry  and  John  Charlcton 
were  convicted  on  the  view  of  the  magistrates,  having  entered  into  the  hke  recogniz- 
Inces  and  executed  the  like  bonds.  Charlton's  cabin  was  burned  and  fire  set  to  another 
that  was  iust  be-un   consisting  only  of  a  few  logs  piled  and  fastened  to  one  another. 

Thellke,  ae'diWal  ISigC.'ove  (now  within  Bedford  County)  against  Andrew  Don- 
nald  on  John  Mt  .'■  clelland.Chailes  Stewart.James  Downy,  John  Macmean.  Robert  Kende 1, 
Samuel  Br  William  Shepperd.  Roger  Murphy   Robert  Smith,  WiUiam t  Dickey WlU- 

,  „  Milli.au,  William  Macconnell.  Alexander  Macconnell  James  Campbell .William 
Carrell  John  Martin,  John  Jamison,  Hans  Patter,  John  Maccollin,  James  W  ilson  and 
John  Wis  n  who  coming  before  the  magistrates,  were  convicted  on  their  own  confes- 
sion o  tie  ke  trespasses  as  iu  former  casts,  and  were  all  bound  over  in  like  recogniz- 
ances an  executed' the  like  bond  to  the  proprietaries.  Three  waste  cabins  of  no  value 
were  b     ned  at  the  north  end  of  the  cove  by  the  persons  that  claimed  a  right  to  them. 

The  Tittle  Cove  (in  Franklin  County)  and  the  Big  and  Little  Connolloways  being  the 
onlyplacesremiimnSo ^oe  visited,  as  this  was  on  the  borders  of  Maryland  the  magis- 
trates  declined  iroiiv  there  and  departed  for  their  homes. 

Iboti  he  |ear  mo  or  1741  one  Frederic  Star,  a  German,  with  two  or  t  «e  "»«o( 
his  countrymen,  made  some  settlements  at  the  very  place  where  we  found  ^  i  ham  White 
1  e  (4 a  1  ways  and  Andrew  Lvcou  (on  Big  Juniata  situate  at  the  distance  of  twenty  miles 
from  i 1  noJth  thereof  and  aoout  ten  miles  north  of  the  Blue  Hills  aplace  muches  eemed 
bv  the  Indians  for  some  of  their  best  hunting  ground.-(  Votes  Axsem  Vol  IV.  p.U>i,) 
which  ii" em in  settler.)  were  discovered  bv  the  Delawares  at  Shamokin  to  the  deputie  of 
he  Six  Nat  ons  a  hey  came  down  to  Philadelphia  in  the  year  1742  to  hold  a  treaty  with 
Ms  government;  and  they  were  so  disturbed  as  to  inquire  with  a  peculiar  warmth  of  Gov- 
ernor Thomas  if  these  people  had  come  there  by  the  orders  or  with  the  privity .of  the  gov- 
em  en  ■  X-in..  that  f  it  was  so  this  was  a  breach  of  the  treaties  subsisting  between  the 
Six  N-thn  ud  the  proprietor. William  Penn.who  in  the  most  solemn  manner  engaged  to 
tl  em  n  y  of  the  people  to  settle  lands  until  they  had  purchased   them   from 

tne  co  .  c  1  of  e  SW  Nations.  The  Governor,  as  he  might,  with  great  truth,  disowned 
anv'kn  we  geoVthese  persons' settlements,  and  on  the  Indians  requesting  that  they 
s,n  Id  immediately  be  thrown  over  the  mountains,  he  promised  to  «su^.s  proclamat  on 
and  if  this  had  no  effect  to  put  the  laws  in  execution  against  them.  The  Indians,  in  toe 
same  treaty  publicly  expressed  some  very  severe  threats  against  the  inhabitants s  of Mary 
"  for  settling  lands  for  which  they  received  no  satisfaction,  and  said  if  they  would  not 
do  the,  tusce"  they  would  do  justice  to  themselves;  and  would  certainly  have  commit- 
ted il lie  'if  a  treaty  had  not  been  on  foot  between  Maryland  and  the  Six  Nations 
under the rnediatfon  of  Governor  Thomas,  at  which  the  Indians  consented  to  sell  lands 
a      receive  a  valuable  consideration  for  them,  which  put  an  end  to  the  danger 

The  proprietaries  were  then  in  England,  but  observing  on  perusing -the  treaty  with 
what  asoerit  v  they  had  expressed  themselves  against  Maryland,  and  that  the  Indians  had 
nusl  ca u'e  U  co  ,  la  n  of  the  settlements  at  Juniata,  so  near  Shamokin,  they  wrote  to  the  r 
lovemor  in  verv'pressing  terms,  to  cause  those  trespassers  to  be  immediately  removed, 
fnrl  1,  tl  the  proprietaries  and  Governor  laid  their  commands  on  me  to  see  this  done, 
which  I  accordingly  did  in  June,  1743,  the  Governor  having  first  given  them  notice  by  a 

Pr0lTthartimTnon°ennadmpresumed  to  settle  at  a  place  called  Big  Cove-having  this 
mm! fr  m  its bchi "  enclosed  in  the  form  of  a  basin  by  the  southernmost  range  of  the  K t- 
och  i.  i  H  11  a  fTuM-arora  Hills,  which  last  end  here  and  lose- themselves  in  other  hi  Us 
This  Bi-  Cove  is  about  five  miles  north  of  the  temporary  line  and  not  far  west  of  the  place 
where  me  line  terminated.  Between  the  Big  Cove  and  the  temporary  line  lies  he  L  ttle 
Cove  so-called  from  being  likewise  encircled  with  hills;  and  to  the  west  of  the  Little 
Cove'  toward  Potowmec,  lie  two  other  places  called  the  Big  and  Little  Conollaways,  all  ot 
thVm  situated  on  the  temporary  line,  was  it  to  be  extended  toward  Potowmec        _      . 

In  the  yet  T41  o  1743  information  was  likewise  given  that  people  were  beginning  to 
settle  in  those  Places  some  from  Maryland  and  some  from  this  province.  But  as  the  two 
fovernme'sw'.  then  not  on  very  good  terms,  the  Governor  did  not  think  proper  to 
?ak any  otl  e    notice  of  these  settlements  than  to  send  the  sheriff  to  serve  his  proclama- 


BISTORT  OP  CUMBER!  IlND  CO0NTV  18 

ti.Mi  on  them,  and  thought  !(  amp] scasion  to  lament  the  vast  Inconveniencies  which 

attend  unsettled  bound  I      i   this  the  French  war  came  on,  and  the  people  in  thi  Be 

idvantage  of  the  confusion  of  the  little  and  little  Btolc 

that  at  the  end  of  lb  ailies  had  settled  thi 

without  frequent  prohibitions  on  the  pa 
reat  danger  they  ran  i  by  the  1  as  these  settlements  were  on 

lands  i  ■  •  •  t  purchased  of  them     At  the  close  of  the  war  Mr    M  1 1 

aiy,  delivered  a  partii  this  government  to  them,  01 

their  removal,  that  they  might  not  occasion  a  breach  with  the  Indians;  but   It  bad  no 
effect 

best  of  my  remembrance,  .-ill  the  places  settled  by  Pi  i 
In  the  unpurcb  lie  province  till 

the  presumption  to  go  into  Path  Valley  or  Tuscan 

and  onto  a  place  called  Aucquick.  lying  to  the  no  and  likewise  into 

called  Sheanu  i  I  be  «  aters  oi  I  of  the 

Path  Valle]  th  m  Harris'  Fen 

lastly  thi 

complaining  that  their  hunti  ery  day  more  and  more  taken  from 

and  ihat  there  must  infallibly  arise  quarrels   bi  ■  these  settlers 

which  would  in  the  end  bain  of  friendship,  and  pressing  i 

terms  their  spi  jovernmenl   in   1748  sent  the  sheriff  and  threi 

i  ■  unto  these  pi  le;  but  they,  nol 

continued  their  settlements  in  opposition  to  all  this,  and  as  if  those  people  were  prompted 
by  a  dee  >od    as  mat  . 

lands  within  the  purchased  parts  of  the  province. 

The  bulk  of  the  seti  during  the  administration  of  Presidenl  Palmer; 

and  it  is  well  known  to  your  Honor,  though  'hen  in   I  ids  attention  to  the 

safety  of  the  city  and   o  ould  not  permit  him  to 

aote 
Finding  such  a  general  submissio  '   Andrew  Lycon.and 

vainly  b  I  would  be  effectual]  there  was  no  kindni 

which  I  did  not  do  for  tl ■  here  they  wen  poo 

.  they  might  jro  direi  the  two  millions  ol  acres  lately  purchased 

of  the  Indians;  and  wh  I | d  to  have  several  of  my 

own  plantations  vacant,  I  offered  1 1  ;  provide 

for  themselves.    Then  I  told  them  that  if.  after  this  lenity  and  good  usage,  thej  would  dare 
to  stay  after  the  time  limited  for  their  departure,  no  d  I  be  shewed  them,  but 

would  feel  tfa  he  law 

It  may  lie  proper  to  add  that  the  ire  burn t  were  oi   no 

considerable  value,  being  such  ds  the  country  people  erect  in  a  day  or  two  and  co  t  only 

the  Charge  Of  an  entertainment. 

Alter  the  close  -  war,   the  valley,  which   had   been   bo  sadly 

devastated,  soon  began  to  wear  an  air  of  great  prosperity.     When  it  be 

positive  assurance  thai  th  u   of  whom  the  | pie  had  lived  for 

years,  were  to  trouble  thei  if  the  afflicted  was  great,  being 

d.   however,   by  the  recoiled  •    awful  -eon,.-  through  which 

o  -  who  had  LefM  their  I tes  to  seek 

safety  in  the  older  Bettled  counties  to  the  easi   qow  returned  to  then 
in  the  valley,  immigrants  of  a  desirable  class  also  came  in  and  took 

advantage  of  the  chances  offei  im  in  the  new  country.     In   1762  of 

141,000  acres   of  land  in  the  county,   72,000  acres  had   been   patented  and 
warranted  by  actual  settlers.     About  the  same  time  ilTiil  <il')  a  few  Gi 
had  Bettled  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  county,  near  the  Susquehanna.     Louther 
Manor  was  resurveyed  and  opened   for  settlemenl   (1764  65),  and  twi 
later  it  was  again  surveyed  and  divided  into  twenty  eighl  lots  or  parcels,  con 
taining  from  150  to  500  acres  each,  which  lots  were  purchased  principally  by 
Scotch  Irish  in  Lancaster  and  Cumberland  Counties,  though  some  were  sold  to 
Qermans.      Robert  WhitehiU  is  -aid  to  have  erected  the  first  stone  house  on 
the  manor.      Among  purchasers  of  manor  lands  who  were  of  Scotch  [rish 
nativity  were  Isaac  Hendricks,  ('apt.  John  Stewart.  John  Boggs,  John   Arm 
•  lames    Wilson.   Robert    Whitehill.   Moses    Wallace,   John    Wilson.  Sam 
ue]  Wallace.  ■]■,:■.:■,,■-  MoCurdy,  David  Moore,  Rev.   William  Thompson  (Episoo 


20  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

pal  minister  at  Carlisle).  Alex  Young,  Jonas  Seely.  Among  the  Germans  were 
John  Mish,  Conrad  Eeinninger,  Caspar  Weaver.  Christopher  Gramlich,  Philip 
Kimmel,  Andrew  Kreutzer. 

Prominent  settlers  about  the  same  time  in  various  parts  of  the  county  were 
Ephraim  Blaine,  who  built  a  grist-mill  in  1764  on  the  Conodoguinet  about  a 
mile  north  of  Carlisle;  Robert  Collander.  who  also  built  a  mill  near  the  conflu- 
ence of  the  Conodoguinet  and  Letort's  Spring,  in  Middlesex  Township;  \\  ill- 
iam  Thompson,  a  captain  in  the  Indian  war.  and  later  a  general  in  the  Revo- 
lution; William  Lvon.  justice,  judge  and  military  officer;  John  Holmes  elected 
sheriff  October  5,  1765;  William  McCoskry,  coroner  in  1  / 64:  Stephen  Duncan, 
Rev.  George  Dnffield  (pastor  of  a  Presbyterian  Church  as  early  as  1 .68);  John 
Montgomery.  Esq..  Dr.  Jonathan  Kearsley.  Robert  Miller.  Rev.  John  Steel 
(captain  in  the  Indian  war)-all  at  Carlisle:  George  Armstrong,  member  of  the 
Assembly,  and  Walter  Gregory,  both  in  Allen.  James  Car-others.  Esq  James 
Galbraith,  Esq.,  James  and  Matthew  Loudon.*  in  East  Pennsborough; 
George  Brown  Ezekiel  Dunning  (sheriff  in  1764),  John  Byers  an  extensive 
farmer  near  Alexander  Spring  and  subsequently  a  member  of  Council  all  of 
West  Pennsborough;  William  Buchanan,  James  Blame,  John  McKnignt 
(iudo-e),  Thomas  Wilson  (judge)— all  of  Middleton. 

Shippensburg,  the  oldest  town  in  the  county,  had  become  a  prosperous 
settlement  also  A  company  of  twelve  persons  had  settled  there  m  June 
1730,  and  were  soon  joined  by  others.  Hopewell  Township,  which  was  formed 
as  a  part  of  Lancaster  County  in  1735,  had  settlements  outside  of  Shippeus- 
bur*  (then  in  its  limits)  as  early  as  1731.  And  it  is  easy  to  see  that  upon  the 
breaking  out  of  the  war  of  the  Revolution  the  number  of  residents  m  the 
territory  now  included  in  Cumberland  County  was  quite  considerable 

The*  following  interesting  sketch,  written  by  Thomas  Craighead,  Jr  of 
Whitehill,  December  16,  1845,  and  published  in  Rupp's  History  of  Dauphin 
Cumberland  and  other  counties,  is  worthy  of  insertion  in  this  connection,  and 
will  doubtless  be  new  to  many: 

*         *         *        The  facts,  incidents,  etc.,  I  communicate,  I  record  as  they  occur  to 
mv  mind       I  will  confine  myself  to  my  youthful  neighborhood  and  such  facts  as  I  heard 
rebUe  1 v  those  who  have,  by  reason  .if  aye.  -one  beyond  the  bourne  whence  none  return. 
I  need  not       trm  you  that  the  first  settWof  new  countries  have  to  encounter  trials 
hardships  and  dangers.   These  my  ancestors,  in  common  with  others,  experienced I  on  tiieu 
first  com tnXio  this  county.     tfothwithstanding  their  multiplied    rials  and  difficulties 
they  had  ever  in  mind  the  fear  and  worship  of  one  common  Creator    ^  ancestor  rf 
mine,  who  early  immigrated  to  America,  was  a  student  of  theology  under  the  Rev   Tuck 
nev   of  Boston'  who  had  been  a  member  of  the  General  Assembly  at  Y\  estminster       l  ou 
wKd   on Consulting  the  history  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  of  this  county,  that  the 
Mine  of'Cn.iX>rf  appears  at  an  ewlv  period.     In  establishing  churches  in  this  county 
CrSghead  appears  as  one  of  the  first  ministers.     The  first  sermon  preached  west  of  the 
Swuchann.  was  delivered  by  the  Rev.  Thomas  Craighead,  then  residing,  as  I  believe   in 
DoTgal  Townsliip.  Lancaster  County.     Soon  after,  these  congregations  were  organized  in 
wha tl    now  Cumherland  and  Franklin,  viz.:.  One  in  the  lower  settlement   near  Cariwle 
„"  .,,  Rie  Snrine  near  Newville,  and  one  in  the  Conogocheague  settlement.     Thomas 
Crai'  .e    fpVe , ehed  at  Big  Spring      When  divine  service  was  first  held,  the  settlers  went 
with  their  e  ins  to  he  r  preaching.     These  defensives  were  then  deemed  necessary  to  deter 
the  in     ans  f     n   ah  ek  ntf  then."'    However,  the  peaceful  disposition  of  the  true  Christian 
had  its  saUitary   influence  upon  the  untutored  Indian-the  Indian  feared  and  respected  he 
ronsisten      rotes  or  of  religion.     Religious  influence  was  felt-at  Big  Spring  protrac  ed 
meetii  •'  w  '       urfrf  for  public  worship      So  powerful,  it  is  said,  were  the  influences  of  the 
KSrttfhattiSi  worshippers  felt  loth,  even  after  having  exhausted  their  stores  of  provis- 
ionsto 'disperse      I  have  heard  it  from  the  lips  of  those  present,  when  Thomas  Craighead 
ddWeredoSfof  his  parting  discourses,  that  his  flow  of  eloquence  seemed  supernatural- 

.  ;«M.«r  ana .^izfi£*?£  msxsusss  a  ar'C^ 

driven  out  bv  the  Indians,  ami  rtiocaiea  on  i™»T  ..'   ~      ...     .._    i—hihiild   bum  on  shipboard  during 
which  ^  «  desJi "ipUve  of  outrages  during  the  Indian  wars,  and  has  been  much  quoted. 


BISTORT  OF  01  Mi:i:i:i..\NT>  COTJHTY.  21 

ha  eontinaed  In  bursts  while  ''••<  audiencewas  melted  to  tears    himself  how- 

hurried  to  pronounce  the  blessing,  waving  his  band,  and  asbe  pronounced 
U,»  be  sank  down,  expiring  without  a  groan  or  struggle      Hit 
remains  resi  where  the  church  now  stands  as  the  onlj  monument  to  bl 

John  Craigh  >1   ["homes,  settled  at  an  early  date  on  Yellow  Breeches  Creetc, 

near  Carlisle  Bis  son  John  officiated  a  short  time  as  pastor  at  BigBpring  He  thru  re 
,n,lV,.,l  ,    .  b<j  was  there  placed  as  pastor,     w  ben  the  Revolution  was  the 

absorbing  quest  iy,  be  was  an  ardent  \\  big,  and  tearless  ol  consequent 

Government  bad  an  eye  on  him,  but  the  people  were  with  him,  Be  preached  liberty  or 
death  from  the  pulpit;  the  young  men's  bosoms  swelled  with  enthusiasm  for  military  glory 
-  they  marched  to  the  tented  field,  and  Beveral  were  killed,  still  be  urged  them  not  to  be 
daunted  On  one  occasion  be  brought  all  his  eloquence  to  bear  on  the  subject,  until  the 
congregation  arose  to  their  feet  as  if  ready  to  march.  An  old  lady  who  bad  Just  lost  a  son 
in  battle   hallooed  out:     "  Stop,  Mr.  Craighead  I    [  just  want  to  tell  yi  losssuch 

apnrty  boy  as  I  have  in  the  war,  ye  will  ne  be  so  keen  for  fighting.  Quit  talking  and  gang 
yersel  to  the  «  it  v.  re  alwavsprcaehing  t«  the  boys  :iin>ut  it.  but  !  (liniia  think  ye  d  be 
very  likely  to  gang  yersel  Jisl  go  and  try  it!"  He  did  try  it.  and  the  next  d;n  .  he  and 
M, '  Co  iper    I  think    a  preacher  also,  Bet  about  to  raise  a  company.     They  did  raise  one, 

Of  thechoio  St  spirits  that  ever  did  live;  marched  in  Short  order,  mid  joined  tin- army  under 
Washington,  in  the  Jerseys.  He  fought  and  im-achcd  alternately.  Iireasted  all  danger,  re- 
lying on  his  God  and  the  justice  of  bis  cause  for  protection, 

o„eda\     -..in-   to  battle,  a    i  anuon   ball  struck   a  tree  near  him,  a  splinter  of  Which 

nearlv  knocked  him  down.  "God  bless  me,"  says  Mr.  Cooper,  '-you  were  marly  knocked 

nil    yes,"  says  he  very  cooly,  "though  you  are  a  cooper  you  could  not  have 

set  me  up."     lie  was  a  great  humorist.       *       »       »        When  he  marched  his  companj 

tmped  near  where  1    am   now  writing,  at  the  lion.  Robert  W  liitelnll  B,  who  opened 

his  cellar,  which  was  well  stored  with  provisions  and  barrels  of  apple  brandy.    Col.  Heu- 

drick's  daughter-  assisted  in  preparing  victuals  for  them.  They  fared  sumptuously  with 
this  brave  man.     Tin  v  next   encamped   at    Boyd's,   in   Lancaster  County;    he  fell  in  love 

with  Jennie  Boyd  and  married  her.  He  died  of  a  cancer  on  his  breast,  leaving  no  children. 

m   had  been  educated  in  Europe  for  the  ministry,  but  on  his  return  he  found 
iot  business  to  live  by.    He  stopped  at  Philadelphia,  took  to  tailoring,  took 

f no,l  care  when  he  went  into  good  company  to  tie  up  his  forefinger,  for  fear  of  his  being 
laoovered    but  being  a  handsome  little  man  and  having  a  good  education  he   W8S  COUXted 

bv  the  tUU  of  the  day.  He  fell  in  with  an  English  heiress,  of  the  name  of  Montgomery, 
[think,  married  her,  and  Bpent  the  fortune  all  but  a  few  webs  of  liuen.  with  which  hepur^ 
chased  from  the  proprietor  BOO  acres  oi !  land  on  Yellow  Breeches.        *        *     .  * 

His  other  two  sons.  Thomas  and  .lames,  were  farmers;  they  had  great  difficulty  in  paying 
the  balance  due  on  their  land.  They  took  their  produce  to  Annapolis  (no  business  done  in 
Baltimore  then);  prices  got  dull;  they  stored  it;  the  merchant  broke;  all  seemed  gone;  they 

applied  for  more  time;  built  a  saw-mill.  Tliev  had  made  the  inonex  .  but  the  war  came  on 
Thomas  was  drafted;  his  son  John,  thirteen  years  old.  and  my  father  drove  the  baggage 
wagon.  It  took  the  money  to  equip  and  bear  their  expenses  while  going  to  and  111  1  amp 
Thomas  took  the  ramp  fever  ami  his  son  the  small-pox.  Gen.  Washington  gave  them  a 
furlough  to  return  home.  A  younger  son,  Janus,  met  them  below  Lancaster,  and  drove 
m  home.  He  often  stopped  and  looked  into  the  wagon  to  see  if  they  were  still  liy- 
:.  De  got  them  home,  and  thej  both  recovered  By  some  mistake  in  recording  their 
furlough,  Here  was  a  tim-  imposed  on  Thomas  for  leaving  camp  a  few  days  before  his  time 

was  up.  When  the  bailiff  came  to  collect  it  he  was  up  on  a  barrack  building  «  beat.  1  be 
officer  was  on  horseback.  He  told  him  he  would  come  down  and  pax- him  Became 
down,  took  a  hickory  withe  that  happened  to  lie  near,  caught  his  little  horse  by  thi  tell 
and  whipped  the  officer,  asking  him  if  he  was  paid,  until  he  said  he  was  paid.      Thai 

tine.     He  was  paid  off  with  Congress  money;  broke  up  again  with  a  chest  full  of 

money.     By  this  time  thini  up;  all  prospered.       John  Craighead,  his  lather. 

had  been  an  active  member  of  the  Stonv  Kidge  convention,  which  met.  to  petition    parlia 

ment  for  redress  of  grievances.     He  was  closely  watched  by  the  Tories,  and  one  Pollock 

having  him  apprehended  as  a  rebel,  but  the  plot  was  found  out  and  Pollock 

mid  to  1  mtv.     Near  the  place  where  this  convention  met.  at  the  stony  ridge. 

inel  Lamb  lived  on  his  land.     There  was  a  block  house,  where  the  neighbors  flew 

>m  hostile  Indians,        *       *       *        Lamb  was  a  stone  mason,  built  stone 

Chimneys  for  the  rich  farmer-  who  became  able  to  hew  logs  and  put  up  what  was  called  a 

square  log  house.     They  Used  to  Baj  he   plumbed  his  corners   with   spittle      that  is,  he  spit 

dow  n  the  corner  to  see'if  it  was  plumb.     Indeed,  many  chimneys  are  standing  to  this  day 

and  look  like  it;    but  he  had  a  patriotic   family.     When  the  army  rendezvoused  at  Little 

York,  four  of   his  sons   wen     in   the  army— two  officers  and  two  common  soldiers.     His 

daughters  had  a  web  of  woolen  in  the  loom,  they  colored  the  woof  with  sumach  lurries,  and 

it  as  red  as  they  could,  for  all  war  habiliments  were  dyed  red  as  possible;  made  coats 

by  guess  for  their  brothers,  put   them  in  a  tow-cloth  wallet,  slung  it  over  their  young 

brother,  Samuel,  to  take  to  camp.      He  hesitated,  the  country  being  nearly  all  forest  and 


22  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

full  of  wolves,   bears,  etc.     One  of  them,  Peggy,  asked  him:  "What  are  you  afraid  of? 
Go  on!   Sooner  come  home  a  corpse  than  a  coward!  "     He  did  go  on,  and  enlisted  during 
the  war;  came  home,  married  Miss  Trindle,  of  Trindle   Spring,   removed  to  Kentucky, 
raised  a  large  family.        *        *        *        It  seems  as  if  there  was  something  in  the  blood, 
as  one  of  his  sons  in  the  last  war*  was   a  mounted    volunteer   in   Gen.  Harrison's  army. 
At  the  battle  of  Tippecanoe  he  rode  a  very  spirited  horse,  and  on  reining  him  to  keep  him 
in  the  ranks,  his  bridle  bit  broke.     Being  an  athletic,  long-legged  young  fellow,  and  his 
horse  running  at  full  speed  toward  the  ranks  of  the  enemy,  he  brandished  his  sword,  hal- 
looing: "Clear  the  way,  I  am  coining!"     The  ranks  opened,  let  him  through,  and  he  es- 
caped safe  and  got  back  to.his  camp.f     Peggy  Lamb  deserves  a  notice.     She  afterward 
married  Capt.  William  Scott,  who  was  a  prisoner  on  Long  Island,  and  she  now  (1845)  i  p. 
joys  a  captain's  half  pay;  lives  in  Mechanicsburg,  near  her  native  place,  a  venerable  old 
lady  infull  strength  of  intellect,  though  more  than  four-score  years  have  passed  over  tiei 
She"  well  deserves  the  little  boon  her  country  bestows  upon  her.     The  first  horse.  I  remem- 
ber to  ride  alone  was  one  taken  in  the  Revolution  by  William  Gilson,  who  then  lived  on 
the  Conodoguinet  Creek,  where  Harlacher's  mill  now  is.     He  was  one  of  Hindman's  rifle- 
men, and  after  the  battle  of  Trenton,  he  being  wounded  in  the  leg,  two  of  his.brother 
soldiers  were  helping  him  off  the  field;  they  were  pursued  by  three  British  Light  Horsemen 
across  an  old  field  and  must  be  taken.      They  determined  to  sell  themselves  as  dearly  as 
possible.     Gilson  reached  the  fence,  and  propped  himself  against  it.     "Now,"  says  he. 
"man  for  man:  I  take  the  foremost. "   He  shot  him  down,  the  next  was  also  shot,  the  third 
was  missed.     The  two  horses  pursued  their  courses,   and  were  caught  by  Gilson  and  his 
companions  and  brought  into  camp.    His  blue  dun  lived  to  a  great  age.    Gilson  was  offered 
£1,500  for  him.     Gilson  removed  to  Westmoreland  County.     His  wife  was  also  a  Trindle. 
He  left  a  numerous  and  respectable  family.    I  wish  1  was  aide  to  do  those  families  more  jus- 
tice for  their  patriotism  and  integrity  to  their  country.     They  have  left  a  long  line  of  off- 
spring, who  are  now  scattered  far  and  wide  over  the  Union.    If  they  would  but  all  take  their 
forefathers  for  examples !   I  come  now  within  my  own  remembrance  of  Cumberland  County. 
I  have  seen  many  a  pack-horse  loaded  with  nail' rods  at  Ege's  Forge  to  carry  out  to  Somer- 
set County  and  the  forks  of  Yougheigany  and  Red  Stone  Fort,  to  make  nails  for  their  log 
cabins,  etc.    I  have  seen  my  father's  team  loading  slit  iron  to  go  to  Fort  Pitt.   John  Rowan 
drove  the  team.     I  have  known  the  farmer's  team  to  haul  iron  from  the  same  forge  to 
Virginia;  load  back  corn  for  feed  at  the  forge.    All  the  grain  in  the  county  was  not  enough 
for  Us  own  consumption.     I  have  known  fodder  so  scarce  that  some  farmers  were  obliged 
to  feed  the  thatch  that  was  on  their  barns  to  keep  their  cattle  alive.     James  Lamb  bought 
land  in  Sherman's  Valley,  and  he  and  his  neighbors  had  to  pack  straw  on  horses  across  the 
mountain.    He  was  on  the  top  of  the  mountain  waiting  until  those  going  over  would  get  up, 
as  they  could  not  pass  on  the  path.    He  hallooed  out :  "  Have  they  any  more  corn  in  Egypt '.'" 
I  saw  the  first  mail  stage  that  passed  through  Carlisle  to  Pittsburgh.  It  was  a  great  wonder; 
the  people  said  the  proprietor  was  a  fool.     I  think  his  name  was  Slough.     I  happened  a 
short  time  ago  to  visit  a  friend,  Jacob  Ritner,  son  of  that  great  and  Mod  man,  ex-Gov. 
Ritner.  who  now  owns  Capt.  Denny's  farm,  who  was  killed  during  the  Revolutionary  war. 
The  house  had  been  a  tavern,  and  in  repairing  it  Mr.  Ritner  found  some  books,  etc.,  which 
are  a  curiosity.     Charge,  breakfast,  £20;  dinner,  horse-feed.  £30;  some  charges  still  more 
extravagant.     But  we  know  it  was  paid  with  Congress  money.     The  poor  soldier  on  his 
return  had  poor  money,  but  the  rich  boon,  liberty,  was  a  prize  to  him  far  more  valuable. 
As  late  as  1808  I  hauled  some  materials  to  Oliver  Evans'  saw-mill  at  Pittsburgh.      I  was 
astonished  to  see  a  mill  going  without  water.      Mr.  Evans  satisfied  my  curiosity  by  showing 
and  explaining  everything  he  could  to  me.     He  looked  earnestly  at  me  and  said:   "  Y'ou  may 
live  to  see  your  wagons  coming  out  here  by  steam."     The  words  were  so  impressed  that  I 
have  always  remembered  them.    I  have  lived  to  see  them  go  through  Cumberland  County, 
and  it  seems  to  me  that  I  may  see  them  go  through  to  Pittsburgh;  but  I  have  seen  Mr. 
Evans'  prophecy  fulfilled  beyond  what  I  thought  possible  at  that  time.      But  things  have 
progressed  at  a  rate  much  faster  than  the  most  gigantic  minds  imagined,  and  we  are  on- 
ward still.        *       *       *       *  Yours,  truly,  etc.,  Thosias  Craighead,  Jr. 

In  truth,  could  Mr.  Craighead  now  peep  at  the  region  he  knew  for  so  many 
years,  he  would  be  even  more  greatly  surprised.  The  ' '  steam  wagons  * '  have 
reached  Pittsburgh  and  gone  beyond  it  to  the  shores  of  the  distant  Pacific 
Ocean,  over  mountains  beside  which  the  Alleghenies  would  be  but  pigmy  foot- 
hills. Side  by  side  is  the  great  telegraph,  and  even  the  human  voice,  by 
means  of  the  delicate  instrument  known  as  the  telephone,  can  be  heard  almost 
across  the  continent.  The  most  wonderful  strides  toward,  the  perfection  of 
civilization  have  been  taken  since  Mr.  Craighead  was  laid  to  rest,  and  the  end 
is  not  yet. 

*Warof  1812. 

fPretty  tough  story.    [Ed.] 


/'ri//J      J<ru 


BISTORT  OP  I  i  MBBRLAND  COUNT!  25 

In  a  pamphlet  history  of  thi  of  Big  Spri 

Newville,  Cumberland  County,  published  in   L878  by  James  B.  Scouller,  occiu 
the  following  passages:  . 

■  firs*  known  settlement  ade  m  J  <oU, 

and  at  ao  great  distance  from  therivi 
and  pae  North  Valley,  or  the   Kittoehtinnj 

following  the  Conodoguinet   and  Yellow   Breechi  Qg  also 

■ring,  Letorl  SprL       B  Spring,  Mi  I 

Falling  Spring,  RockySpringa  league, 

until   in   1736  a    line   of  settlements  extended    from    the  v 
through  to  the  western  part  of  the  pn  Maryland.      In  L748  then 

ibles   iu  the  valley,  and   in   L751    the  number  bad    increased  to   1,100 
indicating  a  population  of  at  least  5,  OCK)  inhabitant  ,with  theexc. 

of  about  fiftj    Gei  i  klin  Count] ,  from 

id,  and  the  descendants  of   those  wh I 

mty.      [b  L75]  a  sudden  and  large  increase  in  the  tl<>\\  of  immi 
I.  which   ministered  greatly  to  the  rapid  settlement  i 
county.     This    tidal    we  '        '■    ,I"N''1 

I  wrote  tlni-:    '  I    must   own   from  my    own 

imilies  from    I 
gives  me  mor<  troul  ther  people.     Before  we  were  broke 

in  npon  ends   and   <  >*  t!"'  case   is 

qnite  altered  and   belligerent  ch  this   i pie, 

which  kept  them  g  broil  with  theirGerman  aeigh 

bora,  ,!  ,  witb  time,  for  in  1  i  13  Secret  nrote  in 

ae  strain  as  had  done  his  predecessor,  and  even  the  Quaker 

(orbearam f  the  Prop] 

[750,  thi  '  :|^  organized,   positive  ordei  3 

were  issued  to  all  the  agi  lore  land  in  either  Fork  or  Lancaster 

:1.  and  to  make  offers  to  those  of  them 

who  would  remove  from  these  counties  to  the  North  Valley.     Th.-so  nllVrs  w.-n- 
so  libera]  thai  large  aumbers  accepted,  and  built  their  huts  among  tl 

if  the  native  inhabitants,  whom  they  found  to  be  peaceful   but   by  ao 
means  non  resistant." 

A.  pamphlet   containing  an  historical  ski  lisle,  together  with  the 

charter  of  the  borough  and  published  in  L841,  also  says:     "In  the  year  L755 

proprietaries  to  their  agents  that  they 
take  esp  i  gration  of  [rishmen  to  Cumberland 

County,     ft  was  their  desire  to  ] pie  York  with  Germans  and  Cumberland 

with  Irish.      I  igling  of  the  two  nations  in    Lancaster  County  had    pro 

duced  si  i  ii  us  rii  its  at  elect  ions.")"" 

In  the  year  1749  the  total  revenue  from  ta  cation  in  tl ity  of  Cumber- 
land was  only   E117  7s.   84,  and  the  amount  of  ■■vis.-  oll.-rt.-.l  in  tin- 
for  the   year  ending  June  1.  IT:.:'.,  was   £55.      In    1 762  the  county  contained 
cables,  37,820  acres  of  warranted  land,  21,500  aci  arranted 

land,  19,304  acres     '  |  atei  ti  d  land,  201  town  lots,  and  there  was  paid  £726  in 
rente  and  £4,641  10s.  in  taxes.     "The  proprietaries  were  the  owners  of  land 
5,167  acres   in  Middleton  Townshi]..  near  Carlisle,  ana    ?,000  in 


•Logan  was  him»elf  an  Irishman,  bat  hud  been  !,ies  "K,t 

he  was  at  thla  in..-.  i.r..l.:ii.lv,  >...   i  own  ] pie. 

tTh,.  .  ties,  that,  'inll 

William  Uli 

merelv  r,  ny  r.-r  which  he  would 

He  chose,  Simberland  and  ■  oew  election  wu  ordered  for  Northampton       Elei  tlona  were  aamewhal 

becauae  of  the  rj>:ir»'-  j.-jiulntion 


26  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

East  Pennsborough,  of  which  1,000  had  been  given  up  to  Peter  Chartier  (and 
now  in  the  hands  of  his  assigns)  and  Tobias  Hendricks,  who  took  care  ol  the 
whole  manor.  They  also  were  the  owners  of  sixty-four  lots  m  Carlisle,  eight 
of  which  were  rated  at  £100  and  the  remainder  at  £15  each  The  manor 
lands  were  valued  for  taxes,  3,000  of  those  in  Middleton  at  £100  per  hundred, 
and  those  in  East  Pennsborough  at  £75  per  hundred,  on  which  they  paid  a 
tax  of  6s.  on  the  pound.  Before  1755  the  proprietary  estates  had  not  been 
included  in  any  general  land-tax  bill,  but  in  that  year  the  proprietaries  had 
yielded  the  point  and  consented  to  be  taxed  on  all  really  taxable  property  (that 
is,  appropriated  lands,  all  real  estate  except  unsurveyed  waste  land,  lots  m 
town  and  rents  of  all  kinds),  and  on  equal  terms  with  the  other  owners. 
There  was,  however,  so  much  dispute  on  various  points  connected  with  this 
matter,  that  no  collections  were  made  on  the  proprietaries,  but  in  consider^- 
tion  of  the  dangers  of  the  province  they  had  made  a  donation  ol  ±»,UUU_ 
In  1759,  therefore,  when  the  tax  was  levied,  it  was  made  retrospective  tor  the 
five  years  (1755-59)  inclusive,  which  had  been  in  dispute,  allowing  them  credit 
for  the  £5.000  which  had  been  given,  f"  . 

Taxables  in  1762.— The  following  is  a  list  of  the  taxables  in  the  county  m 

17(32- 

East  Pennsborough  Township,  1762,—  James  Armstrong,  Andrew  Armstrong, 
Samuel  Anderson,  James  Armstrong,  Samuel  Adams,  Samuel  Bell  William 
Brians,  William  Beard,  John  Beard,  Walter  Buchanan,  William  Bell,  David 
Bell,  John  Buchanan,  John  Biggar,  James  Carothers,  Esq.,  William  Chestnut, 
Thomas  Clark,  William  Carothers,  Thomas  Culvert,  Samuel  Chambers,  John 
Clendening,  Adam  Calhoon,  Samuel  Calhoon,  Robert  Carothers,  John  Crosier, 
John  Chambers,  William  Culbertson,  William  Cronicle,  John  Carson,  1  nomas 
Donallson,  Robert  Denny,  William  Duglas,  John  Dickey,  James  Dickey,  An- 
drew Ervin,  William Ervin,  James Ervin,  JohnErvin,  John  Edwards,  John  Ful- 
ton, James  Galbreath,  James  Gattis,  John  German,  William  Gray, Samuel  Gaily, 
Samuel  Hustin,  Tobias  Hendricks,  John  Hickson,  WilliamHarris, Patrick  Holmes 
John  Hamilton,  Widow  Henderson,  Clement  Horril,  Jonathan  Hogg,  David 
Hogg,  Joseph  Junkin,  Robert  Jones,  James  Kerr,  James  Kile,  Widow  Keny, 
Brian  Kelly,  Matthew  Loudon,  Alex  Laverty,  Widow  McClure,  ^illiam  Mar- 
tial Edward  Morton,  John  Morton,  Robert  McKinly,  James  McConall  Sam- 
uel McCormick,  John  MeCormick,  Francis  Maguire,  James  McCormick,  ihom- 
as  McCormick,  Matthew  McCaskie,  James  McKinstry,  William  Mateer,  VV  ill- 
iam  Millar,  Edward  Morton,  Andrew  Milligan,  John  McTeer,  Thomas  Mur- 
ray, Shedrick  Muchmore,  James  McConnell,  Jr.,  Brian  McColgan.  James  Nea  - 
er,  Nathaniel  Nilson,  Nathaniel  Nilson  (again),  William  Noble,  John  Urr,  VViiJ- 
iam  Orr  William  Oliver,  William  Parkison,  James  Purdy,  ^  llham  Plunket, 
John  Quicrley,  David  Rees,  William  Ross,  James  Reed,  Nathaniel  Reaves, 
Archibald°Stuart,  Robert  Steel,  John  Semple,  Francis  Silvers,  David  Semple, 
Robert  Samuels,  John  Shaw,  Mr.  Seely,  William  Speedy,  Thomas  Spray,  Hen- 
ry Taylor  Henry  Thornton,  John  Trimble,  Benjamin  Vernon,  John  A\  llliams, 
William  Walker,  George  Wood,  John  Wood,  John  Waugh,  James  Waugh, 
John  Willey,  Henry  Warton,  Samuel  Williamson — 126. 

Carlisle,  1762.—  John  Armstrong,  Esq.,  Samuel  Allen,  Harmanus  Alncks, 
Nicolas  Albert,  William  Armstrong,  Thomas  Armstrong,  John  Anderson, 
John  Andrews,  Widow  Andrews,  Mary  Buchanan,  Widow  Buchanan,  Thomas 
Bell  William  Blyth,  James  Bell,  William  Bennet,  William  Blair,  James  Bar- 
clay' William  Brown,  Thomas  Blair,  Joseph  Boyd,  Charles  Boyle,  Isaac 
Burns,   James  Brandon,   John  Chapman  (wagoner),   John  Crawford,   Henry 

•See  Indian  History. 
fDr.  Wing,  p.  64. 


HIST01U    OK  i'l  MUKHl.ANl)  COUNTY.  -' 

Oreighton,   William   Crocket,    Roberi    Orunkelton,    Roger   Connor,    William 
Caldwell,  Geo  t,  Samnel  Coulter,   Andrevi  Colhoon,  James  (  - 

Simon  Callins,  Roberi  Callender,  William  Christy,  John  Chapman,   w 
chuk.  John  Craig,  Thomas Copling,  Jacob  Cart,  Thomas  Christy,  Widovi  Col 

boon,  Michael  Dill,   Q ge  Davidson,  James  Duncan,,  Samnel   Davidson  (nol 

Thomas  Km. .-an.  Ezekiel  Dunning,  Thomas  Donallan,  William  Devin 
port,  William  Denny,  Widovi  Dunning,  A,  lam  Duglas,  Stephen  Duncan,  Deni 
Dougherty,  Re\    George  Duffield,  James  Eokles,  James  Earl,  David  Franks, 

Stephen  Foulk,    John    Fortner,   James   Ferguson,   Ji ■-   Fleming,    Th 

Fleming,  ttarj   Gallahan,    William  Gray,  Joseph  Galbreath,   James  G 
William  German,  John  Gamble,  Daniel  Gorman,  Eloberl  Gorral,  Roberi  Gib 
son,    Roberi    Guthrie,   Abraham    Eolmes,   A. lam    Hoops.    Barnabas    Hughes. 
Joseph    Hunter,    Jacob    Hewick,    Jacob  Houseman,   John   Hastings,   George 
Hook,   John   Huston,  John   Hunter,  Joseph  Jeffreys,  Thomas  Jeffreys,   John 

i,.  John  Kelly,  Benjamin  Kid,  Andrev.  Kinkaid,  John  Kerr,  John  Kin 

kaid.   John   Kearsley,    Roberi    Little,   Agnes   I th,   William   Lyon,   William 

BfoOurdy,  William  Slain.  David  McCurdy,  John  McCurdy,  Widow  Mclntyre, 
Roberi  Miller,  James  McCurdy,  John  Montgomery,  EsqT,  Hugh  MoCormick 
William  McCoskry,  James  McGill,  John  Mordough,  Widow  Miller,  John 
McKnight,  Esq.,  Han-,  Morrison,  Patrick  McWade,  William  Murphy.  John 
Mather,  Widovi  Miller,  John  McCay,  Hugh  MoCurd,  William  Miller,  Roberi 
MoWhiney,  Andrew  Murphy,  Philip  Nutart.  Joseph  Nikon,  Oulberi  Niokelson, 
.  i..  hi.  On-.'  Tli.  .mas  I'arkcr. '  William  Parker,  Philip  Pendergrass,  John  Patti 
son,  Charles  Pattison,  William  Plunket,  William  Patterson,  James  Taylor  Pol- 
lock, James  Parker,  James  Pollock,  Thomas  Patton,  John  Pollock,  William 
Reaney,  William  Roseberry,  William  Husk.  Mary  Rogers,  John  Robison,  Rob 
art  Robb,  James  Robb,  William  Rodeman,  Widow  Ross,  Henry  Smith,  Ezekiel 
Smith.  John  Soott,  Roberi  Smith.  William  sharp.  Widow  Steveson,  Charles 
Smith.  Widow  Sulavan,  James  Stakepole,  John  Starret,  John  Steel,  John 
Smith.  William  Bpear,  Timothy  Shaw,  P< -tor  Smith,  Rev.  John  Steel,  Joseph 
Smith.  Rowland  Smith.  William  Spear,  for  court  house,  James  Thompson, 
Samuel  Thompson,   Wilson    Thompson,    .lames   Thomas,   James  Templeton, 

..  White,  William  War.l.  Roger  Walton.  Samuel .  William  Watson, 

William   Wadle,    Edward   Ward,    Francis  West.   William  Whiteside,    Widovi 
Welch.   Thomas  Walker,    Abraham    Wood,   William    Wallace,    John   Welch, 

James    W Is,   Nathaniel    Wallace,    Widow  Vahan,   John  Van   Lear,   James 

Young-    L90. 

Alien    Township,    1762. — Fohn    Anderson,   James  Atkison,   George   Arm 
Uei    Lrmstrong,    William    Abernathy,    George   Armstrong,    .lame.-, 

William  l'.o\l.-.  .kmi.s  Beatty.  Rol.ert  Bryson,  William  Boyd,  William 
-.  George  Crocket,  John  Clark,  Roger  Cook.  James  Crawford,  Rowland 
Chambers,  Samuel  Chmningham,  Philip  Cuff,  James  Crocket.  William  Crosby. 
Thomas  Davis,  William  Dickey,  John  Dunlap.  William  Elliott.  Widow  Erazcr, 
Henry  Free,  John  Glass,  Walter  Gregory.  John  Grindle,  Richard  Oil-on,  John 
(iilki'-on.  Jam.-.  Gregory,  John  Gibson.  John  Giles,  William  Hamersly,  Roberi 
Hannah.  Thomas  Hamerslv,  Isaac  Hendricks,  Charles  Inhuff,  Nicholas  King, 
Long,  Henrj  Longstaff,  Hugh  Laird.  James  McTeer,  John  McTeer. 
William  MoCormick,  William  Martin.  John  M.-Main.  Rowland  McDonald, 
Widovi  McCurdy,  Anthony  McCue,  Hugh  McHool,  Andrew  Miller,  John  Me 
Nail.  Samu.J  Martin,  Thomas  MoGee,  John  Nailer,  Richard  Peters,  Richard 
Peters,  Esq.,  Henry  Quigley, Richard  Rankin,  Thomas  Rankin,  John  Rutlidge, 
Robert  Rosebary,  [saac  Rutledge,  John  Sands,  Widow  steel,  Thomas  Stewart. 
James  Sample,  Charles  Shoaltz,    Moses  Starr,  Peter  Tittle,   William  Trindle, 


28  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

Alex    Trindle,   David  Willson,    John  Willson  (weaver),    John  Willson,  Alex 
"Work,  Ralph  Whiteside,  George  Wingler — 81. 

West  Pennsbaroiigh  Township,  1762. — John  Armstrong,  Esq.,  Jacob 
Arthur,  Peter  Ancle,  Laurence  Allport,  John  Byers,  Eobert  Bevard,  George 
Brown,  Thomas  Butler,  James  Brown,  "Widow  Bratton,  William  Blackstock, 
James  Bevard,  "William  Bevard,  John  Buras,  William  Garothers,  James 
Carothers,  William  Clark,  John  Campbell,  Widow  Crutchlow,  David  Cronister, 
Matthew  Cralley,  John  Denny,  Ezekiel  Dunning,  William  Dunbar,  William 
Duulap.  John  Dunlap,  John  Dunbar,  James  Dunning,  John  Dunning,  George 
Davidson,  John  Dunning,  William  Dillwood,  Robert  Erwin,  William  Eakin, 
Thomas  Eakin,  Thomas  Evans,  William  Ervin,  John  Ervin,  Alex  Erwin, 
William  Ewing  (at  Three  Springs),  Thomas  Ewing,  William  Ewing,  Andrew 
Forbes,  Alex  Fullerton,  Andrew  Giffin,  James  Graham,  Rob  Guthrie,  James 
Gordon,  William  Gattis,  Thomas  Gray,  Samuel  Henry,  John  Hodge,  Adam 
Hays,  William  Harkness,  James  Hunter,  Joseph  Hasteen.  Thomas  Holmes, 
Barney  Hanley,  David  Hall,  Henry  Hanwart,  Joseph  Kilgore,  John  Kerr, 
Matthew  Kerr,  Charles  Kilgore,  Samuel  Kilgore,  John  Kenner,  William  Lem- 
muu.  William  Laughlm,  Allen  Leeper,  William  Leviston,  William  Logan, 
George  Little,  George  Leavelan,  William  Little,  Samuel  Lindsay.  John  Lusk, 
William  Leich,  John  McClung,  Robert  Meek,  James  McFarlane,  William  Mc- 
Farlane,  Robert  McFarlane,  John  McFarlane,  Andrew  McFarlane,  David  Mc- 
Nair, John  McClure,  Edward  McMurray,  John  McGeary,  Patrick  McClure, 
Robert  McClure,  John  McCune,  Robert  McQuiston,  James  McQuiston,  James 
McCay,  Thomas  McKay,  Daniel  McAllister,  Archibald  McAllister,  James  Mc- 
Naught,  Alex  McBride,  Samuel  McCullough,  David  McAllister.  John  Miller, 
Robert  McCullough,  John  Mclntyre,  John  McNair,  David  McNair,  Alex  Mc- 
Cormick,  William  McMahan,  Daniel  Morrison,  Matthew  McCleares,  James 
McAllister.  Francis  Newell,  John  Newell,  Herman  Newman,  Alex  Officer, 
Richard  Peters,  Esq.,  WTilliam  Parsons,  Proprietaries'  Manor  (700  acres 
patented),  William  Dutton,  Paul  Pears,  Richard  Parker,  William  Parker, 
Widow  Parker,  Joseph  Peoples,  Jacob  Peoples,  Michael  Pears,  John  Patton, 
Thomas  Parker,  William  Quiry,  David  Ralston,  Matthew  Russell,  Robert 
Rogers,  William  Robison,  Archibald  Robison,  John  Robison.  Samuel  Reagh, 
Patrick  Robison.  Singleton's  Place,  Robert  Stuart,  John  Scroggs,  Allen 
Scroggs,  John  Smily,  James  Sea,  Robert  Swaney,  John  Swaney,  David 
Stevenson,  Thomas  Stewart,  Robert  Stewart,  William  Scarlet,  William  Stewart, 
James  Smith  (attorney),  Anthony  White,  Widow  Willson,  Samuel  Willson, 
Samuel  Wilson,  James  Weakley,  Robert  Walker,  William  WToods,  James  White, 
Robert  Welsh,  Alex  Young — 164. 

Middleton  Toivnship,  1762. — Nathan  Andrew,  William  Armstrong,  James 
Alcorn,  Adam  Armwick,  John  Beatty,  John  Bigham,  William  Beatty,  William 
Brown,  John  Beard,  William  Buchanan,  John  Brownlee,  James  Blair,  Richard 
Coulter,  Widow  Clark,  William  Campbell,  John  Crennar,  Robert  Caldwell, 
Charles  Caldwell,  John  Craighead,  James  Chambers.  John  Davis,  George 
Douglass,  John  Dinsmore,  David  Drennan,  William  Dunbar,  John  Dickey, 
Walter  Denny,  David  Dunbar,  James  Dunlap,  Widow  Davies.  William  Davison, 
Jr.,  James  Eliot,  Robert  Eliot,  Jr.,  John  Elder  ("Disputed Land,"  150  acres), 
James  Eliot,  Jr.,  Andrew  Eliot,  William  Forgison,  William  Fleming,  Joseph 
Fleming,  Ann  Fleming,  Arthur  Foster,  John  Forgy,  Thomas  Freeman,  John 
Gregg, °Samuel  Guay,  Widow  Guliford,  Andrew  Gregg.  Robert  Gibson,  Lod- 
wick  Ginger,  Joseph  Gaily,  Joseph  Goudin,  Thomas  Gibson,  Nicholas  Hughs, 
Samuel  Harper,  William  'Henderson,  Thomas  Holt,  William  Hood,  Jonathan 
Holmes,  Humphrey's  land,  Hamilton's  land,  Patrick  Hason,  Andrew  Holmes, 


HISTORY  OF  01  MB]  RLAND  001  NTV.  29 

Thomas  Johnston,  John  Johnston,  Archibald   Kenedy,  Ja a   ECeny,  Matthew 

Kenny,  John   Kincaid,  (l ge  Kinkaid,  James    Kinkaid,  Richard    Kirpatrick, 

William  I r,  Robert  Little,  John  Little,  '  lie,  Samuel  Lamb,  David 

McClure,  W  i  MoBath,  M  illiam  McClellan,  Hugh   Mo 

Bride,  John  McCrea,    David   MoBride,  "Meetinj  d,"  Hugh   MoCor 

Hough,  Matt  hew  Miller,  James  Matthews,  James  McA 
Fickle,    John    McKnight,    Esq.,    •lames   Moore,    William    Moore, 
James  McManus,  Quain   McHaffy,  John   McHaffy,  Thomas  McHaffy,  S 

i  Mitchell,  Widow  Mclntyre,    John    Neely,    Matthew    Neely, 

John  Patton,  Williai  R  illiam  Pal 

ters'  land.  John  Patterson.  W  illiam  Riddle,  Archibald 
1  ed,  Ri bert  Reed,  w  illiam  Reed,  John  Herd.  .1 1 

Robb,    \  . .  David  Reed,  James  B 1.  William  Riggs,  George  Riggs, 

Stanford,  Abraham  Stanford,  JohnStuarl  (weaver),  James  Stuart,^  illiam 

Smith,  John  Stinson,<  teorge  Sanderson,  Sr. ,  Robert  Sanderson,  Jean  Sanderson, 

1  Sharon,  John  Smith,  Alex  Sanderson,  Andrew 

Simison,  Randies  Slack,  William  Shaw,  James  Smith,  William  Stewart,  Roberl 

.    Ezekiel    Smith.    John    Stewart,    'lames    Smith.    Widow  Templeton, 

Drie,   Patrick   Vanre,   Si  il,  >iin  m   Walker.    Daniel   Williams.   Samuel   Will 

■an  Waddell,  Widow   Williamson,  Francis  West,  John   Welsh,   1 

Wilson,  Esq.,  Samuel  White.  Thomas  Woods,  ■lames  Woods     159. 

Hopewell  Township,    1762. — Thomas  Alexander,   John    Anderson,    Wale/, 
Andrews,  Hugh  Brady,  Samue  Blyth,  William  Bricer,  Joseph 

Brady,  John   Brady,   Samuel   Bratin,  Hugh   Brady,  Jr.,  William  i 
John  Coff,  -lame:.  Chambers,  George  Clark  •lames  Chambers,   William  Car 

oahan,    Jami  G ge   Cunningham,    Roberl    Chambers,    Francis 

Campble,  Robert  Campble,  William  i  bom  as  Duncan,  Daniel  Duncan, 

John  1  ally,   Widow  Donally,  Philip  Dusky, 

Henry  Davies,  John   Eager,   John   Egnew,  Joseph   Eager,  John   Eliot,  James 
Eliot,  l  i,  Clemen!    Finley,  Thomas   Finley,    William  Gibson 

Gibson,  Andrew  Gibson,  Samui  Gibbs,  Robert  Gibbs,  William 

Gamble,  Samuel  Gamble,  John  Hanah,  Josiah  Hanah,  Samuel  Hindman,  John 
Hunter,  William  Hodg,  .lame-  Hamilton,  George  Hamilton,  John  W.  Hamil 
ton,  John  Taylor  Hamilton,  David  Herrin,  John  Hannah,  William  Hunter, 
John  Jack,  Joseph  Irvin,  .lames  Jack,  -lame-  Kilgore,  Thomas  Lyon,  James 
rd  Leasy,  John  Laughlin,  James  Laughlin,  James  Little,  Andrew 
;hlin,  Widow  Let  in  Josiah  Martin,  Daniel  McDowel,  rami 
McFarlan,  John  McFarlan,  John  McClintock,  .lame-,  McGaffog,  Andrew  Man 
kelwain,  Samuel  Morrow,  Patrick  McGee,  Robert  McComh.  Samuel  Moiit^mi 

ery,  Thomas  Montgomery,  .lames  Malum,  John  M head,  James  McCormick, 

..   John  Montgomery,  .lames  Montgomery,  John    '■' 
Jr.,  John  MoCune,   Robert   MoCune,   John   McClean,    Daniel  Mickey,  Robert 
Mickey,  John  S.    Miller.  Samuel   Montgomery,  David  McGaw,  Philip  Millar. 
Miller,  .lame-.  McAnay,  John  Millar,  .lane-  McCall,  John  Meason,  Nail 

ii,    (1 v.'    McCiilly,    John    Mclntire,    Samuel   Moor,    Andrew    M 

wain.  John  Morris,  William  McGaffog,  Widow  Myers,  William  Moorhead, 
Samuel  Mitchel,  Samuel  Mackelhing,  John  Montgomery,  David  McCurdy, 
Patrick  McFarlan,  James  McDowel,  Elobert  McDowel,  Thomas  McBany,  James 
Iwain,  Samuel  McGready,  Samuel  Neaves,  John  Niebet,  Richard  Nick 
elson,    William  Niekelson,   -lames  Nesbit,    John   Nisbet,   William   Plm 

I    Peters,    William  Piper,  Samuel   Perry,    Nathaniel    Peoples,   James 
William   Powell.   John    Porter,   Thomas   Pordon,  John   Port 
James  Quigly,  John  Quigly,  John  Robiaon,  William  Reynolds,  John  R 


30  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

James  Eeynolds,  Samuel  Smith,  George  Sheets,  Samuel  Stewart  David  Siini- 
ral  William  Stitt,  Robert  Simonton,  Edward  Shipper,  Alex  Scroggs,  John 
Stinston,  Samuel  Sellars,  Nathaniel  Scruchfield,  Samuel  Sorre  Hugh  Torrms, 
John  Thompson.  William  Thompson,  John  Trimble,  Widow  Trimble,  Joseph 
Thompson,  David  Thompson,  Widow  Thompson,  John  Thompson  Joseph 
Woods  John  Wodden,  William  Walker,  Robert  Walker,  Samuel  Walker, 
James  Williamson,  Samuel  Wier,  Samuel  Williamson,  James  Work,  ""ham 
Walker,  James  Walker,  James  Wallas,  James  Jocky  Williamson,  West  & 
Smith,  James  Young.  . 

More  Early  Settlers.— Dr.  Wing,  at  pages  24  and  2o  of  his  History  of 
Cumberland  County,  mentions  the  following  early  settlers: 

Georcre  Croghan,  five  miles  from  the  Susquehanna  River,  on  the  north  side 
of  the  Conodoguinet,  also  owned  lands  in  various  parts  of  the  county,  and  in 
1748  was  the  owner  of  800  acres,  which  extended  nearly  to  the  mouth  of  Sil- 
vers' Run,  on  the  Conodoguinet.  Part  of  it  had  been  taken  up  by  Rob- 
ert Buchanan,  in  1743,  and  part  by  William  Walker,  who  sod  toW  illiam 
Trent  Mr  Croghan  also  owned  a  large  tract  in  Hopewell,  north  ot  Snippens- 
burg  He  was  a  trader  with  the  Indians,  did  not  cultivate  his  land,  and 
changed  his  residence  frequently  to  suit  the  convenience  of  trade.  He  was 
originally  from  Dublin,  and  lived  afterward  at  Aughwick,  in  what  is  now 
Huntingdon  County.  He  was  greatly  trusted  by  Sir  William  Johnson  as  an 
agent  among  the  Indians. 

Robert  Buchanan,  above  mentioned,  sold  his  first  claim  and  removed  farther 
up  the  creek  with  his  brother  Walter,  living  in  East  Pennsborough.  W  illiam 
Buchanan  kept  an  inn  at  Carlisle  in  1753,  and  another  Buchanan  was  a  resi- 
dent of  Hopewell  Township  in  1748,  adjoining  the  Kilpatrick  settlement. 
James  Laws  lived  next  to  Croghan,  opposite  to  the  mouth  of  Silvers  Run. 
At  a  spring  adjoining  on  the  south  was  James  Silvers  from  whom  the  stream 
and  spring  were  named.  He  had  settled  there  with  his  wife,  Hannah  before 
1733  and  owned  500  acres  of  land  or  more;  was  public-spirited  and  honor- 
able;' has  no  descendants  bearing  his  name.  Within  ten  or  fifteen  years  from 
the  time  he  settled  there  located  around  him  James  Pollock,  who  built  a  grist- 
mill at  or  near  the  confluence  of  the  Conodoguinet  and  the  stream  which  issues 
from  Silvers'  Spring,  John  Scott.  Robert  and  James  Robb,  Samuel  Thomp- 
son, Thomas  Fisher,  Henry  Quigley  and  William  Berryhill.  Andrew  and 
John  Galbreath  owned  land  adjoining  them  on  the   east,  and  ^  illiam  Walker 

on  the  west.  „  TT  ,  .     . 

John  Hoo-e  settled  very  early  on  the  site  of  Hogestown.  and  had  numerous 
distinguished  descendants.  Two  brothers,  named  Orr,  ^oming  from  Ireland 
before  1738,  settled  near  him.  William  Trindle.  John  W  alt.  Robert  Redock, 
John  Swanzev,  John  McCracken,  Thomas  Fisher,  Joseph  Green  and  John 
Rankin  owned  land  in  Pennsborough,  and  were  at  different  times  tax  collect- 
ors before  1747  John  Oliver,  Thomas  McCormick  and  W  illiam  Douglas  had 
farms  in  Hope's  vicinity,  John  Carothers  at  the  mouth  of  Hoge's  Run,  and 
William  Douglas  west  of  and  opposite  him  up  the  Conodoguinet,  In  the  same 
neighborhood  were  John  and  Abraham  Mitchell,  John  Armstrong,  Samuel 
Anderson,  Samuel  Calhoun,  Hugh  Parker,  Robert  Dunning,  John  Hunter 
(near  Dirty  Spring),  Samuel  Chambers,  James  Shannon.  William  Crawford, 
Edward  Morton,  Robert  Fulton,  Thomas  Spray,  John  Callen,  John  W  atts, 
Michael  Kilpatrick,  Joseph  Thompson,  Francis  Maguire  and  James  Mateer 
James  Armstrong  lived  farther  west,  and  on  the  ridge  back  of  the  present 
site  of  Kingston  was  the  residence  of  Joseph  Junkin,  who  early  settled  upon 
a  large  tract.      Robert  Bell  lived  near  Stony  Ridge,  and  south  of  him  were 


HISTORY  OF  I  l  MBERLAflD  COTOTY.  :;1 

SamueJ  Lamb,  "astone  mason  and  an  ardent  patriot,"  John  Trindle,  Dear 
Trindle's  Spiim^.  James  [rvine,  Mather  Miller,  John  Fame]  and  David 
Denny.  At  Boiling  Spring  there  settled  earlj  Dr.  Roberl  Thompson,  tor 
merly  of  Lancaster,  Joseph  Gxaley,  Patrick  Bassen,  Andrew,  William,  Ja 

I  rocket,  David  B I  and  John  Dickey.     Charles  Pippin  Bettled 

Pippin's   Tract."  on  Yellow    Br hes,  in  or  before  1742.     West  oi 

,.n  the  Bame  Btream,  were  John  Campbell,  who  had  a  mill,  Roger  Cook,  David 
Wilson,  John  Collins,  James  McPherson,  Andrew  Campbell,  Andrew  and  John 
Miller.  Roberl  Patrick,  J.  Crawford,  William  Fear.  John  Gronow,  Charles 
..1  Uezandei  Frazder,  Peter  Title  (or  Tittle,  as  sometimes  given),  Ar- 
thur Stewart,  Thomas  Brandon,  Abraham  Endless,  John  Craighead,  the  Lasl 
earlier  than  1746  on  Lands  extending  along  the  creek  eastward  from  the  Haiti 
more  Turnpike.  Adjoining  bim  on  the  southwest  was  James  Moore,  who  bad 
a  mill  which  is  Mill  in  existenci  I  >->  the  Letort,  aear  Middlesex,  -lames  Davi 
son  lived  in  1736,  a  little  Bontb  of  the  fording  place  where  the  road  from 
Ham-'  Fern  crossed  the  run,  The  land  in  this  vicinity  is  said  to  have  been 
thickly  settled  before  Carlisle  was  laid  out.  Patrick  and  William  Davison, 
William  Gilli  mes  Gillgore  (or  Balgore),  Joseph  ('lark.  Peter  Wilkie 

and  John  McClure  owned  land  near  the  proposed  siteof  Carlisle,  part  of  which 
prietariee  bought  back  (or  the  purpose  of  laj  ing  out  the  town  upon  it. 
Richard  lived  two  miles  Bouthwest.      "William  Armstrong'  b  settlement"  was 
loguinet  just  below  Meeting-house  Springs.     ''David  Williams,  a 
wealthy  land-holder  and  the  earliest  known  elder  in  the  congregation  of  Dppei 
trough,  -lames  Young  and  Robert  Sanderson  were  probably  included 
in  this  settlement."     Thomas  Wilson  was  farther  east,  near  the  present  Hen- 
mill;   aext  east  was  -lame-   Smith,  and  south,  Jonathan    Holmes,     "an 
other  elder  and  an  eminently  good  man."  who  lived  aear  the  Spring  on  land  more 
recenth  owned  bj  Mrs.  Parker,  just  northeast  of  Carlisle.     Rowland  Chambers 
lived  aear  the  mouth  of  the  Letort  on  the  State  road,  and  below  or  hack  of  him  on 
Conodoguinet  was  a  settlement  where  the  first  mill   in   the   county  was  claimed 
to  have  d       North  and  on  the  north  side  of  the  creek  were  Joseph 

Clark  and  Roberl  Elliott,  who  came  from  Ireland  about  1737.  Abraham 
Lamberton  came  soon  after,  also  Thomas  Kenny.  Bast  of  them  were  John 
Sample,  Patrick  Maguire,  Christopher  Huston  and  Josiah  McMeans.  "On  the 
glebe  belonging  to  the  congregation  of  Fpper  Pennsborough.  about  two  miles 
northwest  from  Carlisle,  was  the  Rev.  Samuel  Thompson  (1738),  near  which 
were  lands  belonging  to  John  Davi-.  Esq.;  and  farther  up  the  creek  were  Will- 
iam Dunbar  and  Andrew  Forbes,  near  whom  a  mill  was  afterward  erected  l>.\ 
William  Thompson."  About  four  miles  west  of  Carlisle  Archibald  McCallis- 
ter  had  an  extensive  purchase,  the  upper  part  of  which  was  Bold  to  John 
Byers,  Esq.,  as  earl j  as  1742.  Samuel  Alexander  was  on  Mount  Pleasant, 
and  east  of  him  on  and  near  tie-  road  to  Carlisle  wen  David  Line.  Andrew 
Given,  John    Roads,  M.   Gibbons,   Jacob    Medill,   Stephen 

Colia    B  Blyth.       Farther   south,   near    the    present    Walnut    Bottom 

road,  were  John  Buston  and  two  brothers,  from  Donegal,  Lancaster  County. 
Samuel  and  William  Woods.  Between  them  and  the  South  Mounl 
early  as  174'.'.  were  James  MeKuight.  William  Dunlap,  Robert  Walker  and 
James  Weakley,  and  in  the  same  vicinitj  were  James  I-  Fuller.  -John  Mc 
Knight,,  Esq.,  William  Campbell,  John  Galbreath,  Hugh  Craner,  John  Wilson, 
Peoples,  Robert  Queston,  Thomas  Armstrong,  William  Parkinson  and 
John  Elder. 

" In  the  settlement  commenced  by  -lames  Chambers  (whose  residence  was 
about  three  miles  southwest  of  Newville)  was  one  of  the  most  numerous  olus 


I 

32  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

ters  of  inhabitants  in  the  valley.  It  was  very  early  (1738)  strong  enough  to 
form  a  religious  congregation,  which  offered  to  pledge  itself  to  the  support  of  a 
pastor.  In  each  direction  from  the  Big  Spring  the  land  was  almost  entirely 
taken  up  before  1750;  so  that  the  people  there  presented  strong  claims  to  the 
county  seat.  Among  the  earliest  of  these  settlers  was  Andrew  Ralston  [see 
page  8,  this  Part],  on  the  road  westward  from  the  Spring;  Robert  Patterson  the 
"Walnut  Bottom  road;  James  McKehan,  who  came  from  Gap  Station,  Lan- 
caster County,  and  was  for  many  years  a  much  respected  elder  in  the  church 
of  Big  Spring;  John  Carson,  John  Erwin,  Richard  Fulton,  Samuel  Mc- 
Cullough  and  Samuel  Boyd.  On  the  ground  now  occupied  by  the  town  of 
Newville  were  families  of  the  name  of  Atchison  and  McLaughlin,  and  near 
them  were  others  of  the  name  of  Sterrett,  Blair,  Finley,  Jacobs,  and  many 
whose  locations  are  not  known  to  the  writer.*" 

The  third  brother  of  the  Chambers  family,  who  located  near  Middle  Spring 
(north  of  Shippensburg  at  the  county  line)  soon  had  a  numerous  settlement 
around  him.  A  histoiy  of  the  Middle  Spring  Presbyterian  Church  in  1876, 
by  Rev.  S.  S.  "Wylie,  then  its  pastor,  has  the  following:  "  There  is  good  evi- 
dence for  the  statement  that  at  that  time  (1738)  this  section  of  this  valley,  be- 
tween Shippensburg  and  the  North  Mountain,  was  as  thickly  settled  as  almost 
any  other  portion  of  it.  It  is  a  matter  of  history  that  the  first  land  in  this 
valley  taken  up  under  the  '  Samuel  Blunston  license'  was  by  Benjamin  Furley, 
and  afterward  occupied  by  the  Herrons,  McCombs  and  Irwins.  a  large  tract 
lying  along  the  Conodoguinet,  in  the  direction  of  and  in  the  neighborhood  of 
Orrstown.  At  the  house  of  "Widow  Piper,  in  Shippensburg,  as  early  as  1735, 
a  number  of  persons  from  along  the  Conodoguinet  and  Middle  Spring  met  to 
remonstrate  against  the  road  which  was  then  being  made  from  the  Susque- 
hanna to  the  Potomac,  passing  through  '  the  barrens,'  but  wanted  it  to  be  made 
through  the  Conodoguinet  settlement,  which  was  more  thickly  settled.  This 
indicates  that  at  this  time  a  number  of  people  lived  in  this  vicinity.  I  give 
the  names  of  some  of  them,  on  or  before  the  year  1738 :  Robert  Chambers, 
Herrons,  McCombs,  Youngs  (three  families),  MeNutts  (three  families),  Mahans 
(three  families),  Scotts,  Sterretts  and  Pipers;  soon  after  the  Brady  family, 
McCunes,  Wherrys,  Mitchells,  Strains,  Morrows  and  others.  It  was  such  pio- 
neers as  these  who,  with  their  children,  made  Shippensburg  the  most  promi- 
nent town  of  this  valley  prior  to  the  year  1750.  Many  of  the  names  given 
above  constituted  some  of  the  most  prominent  and  worthy  members  of  Middle 
Spring  Church."  Dr.  Wing  gives  names  in  this  settlement  as  follows:  Hugh 
and  David  Herron,  Robert  McComb,  Alex  and  James  Young,  Alex  McNutt, 
Archibald,  John  and  Robert  Machan,  James  Scott,  Alex  Sterrett.  William  and 
John  Piper,  Hugh  and  Joseph  Brady,  John  and  Robert  McCune  and  Charles 
Morrow.  The  twelve  persons  who,  in  June.  1730,  made  the  first  settlement  at 
Shippensburg,  were  Alex  Steen,  John  McCall,  Richard  Morrow,  Gavin  Mor- 
row, John  Culbertson,  Hugh  Rippey,  John  Rippey,  John  Strain.  Alex  Askey, 
John  McAllister,  David  Magaw,  John  Johnston. 

Wild  Animals  and  Fish. — Dr.  W7ing  says,  in  his  general  work  on  Cum- 
berland County:  ' '  These  fields  and  forests  were  full  of  wild  animals. which  had 
multiplied  to  an  unusual  degree  with  the  diminution  of  their  enemies — the 
Indians.  Deer  were  especially  numerous,  particularly  on  the  mountains;  but 
bears,  wolves,  panthers,  wildcats,  squirrels,  turkeys  and  other  game  were 
everywhere  plentiful.  Along  the  creeks  and  smaller  streams  the  otter,  musk- 
rat  and  other  amphibious  animals  were  taken,  and  their  skins  constituted  no 
small  part  of  the  trade  with  the  Indians  and  early  hunters.     Fish  of  all  kinds 

*Dr.  Wing's  History,  pp.  24-6. 


^_^^ciczy^  ^6^»w>/-^?^  ^7 


HIST0B1   OF  CI  MBERLAND  COl  NTT,  85 

were  caught  in  the  streams,  and  large  quantities  even  of  shad  are  Baid  to  have 
oome  up  the  Susquehanna  and  to  have  frequented  the  Conodoguinei  in  the 
Eastern  part  of  the  county.  Manj  of  these  ■were  taken  in  the  rude  nets  and 
seines  called  "brushnets,"  made  of  houghs  ,.r  branches  of  trees.  Mo-t  of 
these  wild  animals  and  fish  have  now  tlisaiij>»>ar*>»l.  but  t h>>  accounts  of  the 
early  settlers  are  filled  with  tales  of  their  contests  with  each  other,  the  [ndians 
and  themselves."  The  same  (acts  are  substantially  given  in  Rupp's  Historj 
of  1  touphin  and  other  counties. 

Customs  and  Habits,     Wearing  apparel  was  "home  Bpun  and  home  made," 
and  the  men  wen!  aboul  dressed  in  this,  and  in  hunting  shirts  and  moccasins. 

Oarpets  were  unknown,    l-'l -  were  of  the  "  puncheon"  variety     logs  Bplit  and 

hewed,  with  the  smooth  Burfaoe  appermost.  Benches  made  of  the  same  material 
with legB  in  them  answered  in  the  plaoe  of  chairs.      Instead  of  crockery  and 

china-ware  the  table  Furniture  consisted  of  plates,  bj ds,  bowls,  trenchers,  and 

DOggins  made  of  wood,  or  of  gourds  ami  hard  shell  squashes:  though  in  the 
families  in  better  ciroumstanoee  pewter  took  the  place  of  wood,  and  there  was 
nothing  liner.     The  border  settlers  who  could  eat   their  meals  from  pewter 

dishes  were  rich  indeed.    Says  Rupp:   "Iron  pots,  knives  and  forks,  es] ialhj 

the  latter,  were  never  Been  of  different  sizes  and  sets  in  the  same  kitchen." 

The  few  sheep,  cows  and  calves  possessed  by  the  first  settlers  were  for  some 

year-    a    prey  to  wolves,   QnleSS    securely    protected    and    watched.       The    raven 

oos  wolves  were  bold  in  their  marauding  expeditions,  and  many  a  time  the] 

came  prowling  around  the  houses  at  night,  poked  their  noses  into  the  openings 
and  looked  in  through  the  crevices  in  the  log  dwellings  upon  the  families 
within,  while  the  discordant  howling  sounded  like  the  yelling  of  demons  and 
made  the  darkness  appalling.  Woe  be  then  to  the  domestic  animal  thai  was 
not  securely  housed  or  penned,  for  in  the  morning  only  its  glistening  bones 
would  be  left  to  tell  thai  it  ever  existed.     The  country  lying  between  the  Con- 

odoguinet  and  the  fellow  Br shes,  for  a  distance  of  ten  or  twelve  miles  west 

wtird  from  the   Susquehanna,  was   a    barren,    or  tract    devoid   of  timber,  and 

..,,•, —  this  deer  wer scasionally  seen  in  a  race  for  life  with  a  pack  of  snarl 

ing  and  hungry  wolves  at  their  heels.  These  cadaverous  and  cunning  annual 
we,,-  Beldom  taken  in  steel  traps;  a  better  plan  offered  tor  their  capture  was  the 
log  pen,  with  Bloping  exterior,  open  at  the  top,  With  retreating  inner  walls. 
The  wolf  could  easily  climb  up  the  outside,  and  get  at  the  bait  within  goner 
ally  the  carcase  of  a  sheep  winch  had  previously  furnished  a  wolf  a  meal  but 
once  inside  they  could  not  get  out,  and  were  at  the  mercy  of  the  settlers. 
Man\  were  destroyed  in  this  way.  yet  it  was  forty  years  or  more  before  they 
oeased  to  be  very  tn  lublesome. 

The  pioneers  were  a  "rude  race  and  strong."  or  the]  never  could  have 

with-t 1  the  terrible  hardships  and  privations  of  life  in  a  border  region,  with 

wild  beasts  and  wilder  men  continually  harrassing  them  and   making  their  loi 

desperate  ind L     There  is  thai   in  the  Anglo-Saxon  blood  which  appears  to 

court  difficulty  and  danger,  and  the  resources  of  the  race  in  time  of  trial  are 
wonderful  bey. ind  comparison.  In  this  broad  and  beautiful  valle\ .  in  the  da\  - 
when  the  col, cost-  were  going  through  experiences  which  should  finally  cause 
their  separation  from  the  mother  country  and  the  upbuilding  of  B  magn 
Republic,  there  were  hours,  months  and  years  of  extremes!  peril,  of  which  he 
who  reads  at  this  late  day  can  hardly  have  conception. 

Necessarily  the  buildings  erected  by  the  firs!    Bottlers  were   simple  and 
unpretending,  whether  for  dwellings,    places  for  worship  or  schools.     Their 
supplier  must  be  brought  on  horseback  from    Philadelphia,  and  across  the  Sus 
quehanna  in  canoes  or  simple  boats.     It  may,  therefore,  readih  h 


36  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

that  they  did  not  make  pretensions  to  style,  though  there  was  a  degree  of  uni- 
formity about  their  buildings,  dress,  furniture  and  mode  of  living,  which  their 
isolation  brought  about  as  a  matter  of  course.  Lumber  was  not  to  be  had  for 
any  price;  wooden  pins  took  the  place  of  nails;  oiled  paper  answered  for  glass 
in  the  windows.  Says  Dr.  Wing:  "  They  could  dispense  for  a  time  with 
almost  everything  to  which  they  had  been  accustomed,  provided  they  could 
look  forward  with  confidence  to  a  future  supply.  Their  cabins  were  soon 
erected,  and  they  did  not  scorn  to  receive  suggestions  from  the  rude  savages 
whose  skill  had  so  long  been  tasked  in  similar  circumstances.  The  same  for- 
ests and  fields  and  streams  were  open  to  them,  and  the  Indian  did  not  grudge 
his  white  brother  his  knowledge  of  their  secrets.  These  buildings  were  con- 
structed of  the  logs  to  be  had  off  the  banks  of  the  streams  or  from  the  neigh- 
boring hills;  the  combined  strength  of  a  few  neighbors  was  sufficient  to  put 
them  in  position  and  small  skill  was  needful  to  put  them  together,  to  fill  up  the 
interstices  between  them,  and  to  roof  them  with  rude  shingles,  thatched  straw 
or  the  bark  of  trees,  and  in  a  little  while  the  same  ingenuity  would  split  and 
carve  out  of  timber,  and  fashion  the  floors,  benches,  tables  and  bedsteads 
which  were  wanted  for  immediate  use.  As  the  number  of  settlers  increased, 
these  dwellings  became  of  a  better  order.  More  skilled  workmen  began  to  be 
employed,  and  better  materials  and  furniture  were  introduced,  but  for  the  first 
twenty  years  the  people  were  contented  with  the  most  humble  conveniences. 
A  few  houses  were  constructed  of  stone,  but  these  were  not  common.  The  first 
stone  dwelling  on  Louther  Manor,  or  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  county,  was 
said  to  have  been  put  up  by  Robert  Whitehill,  after  his  removal  over  the  river, 
in  1772.  The  houses  for  schools  and  for  public  worship  may  have  been  of  a 
better  quality,  for  they  were  not  usually  erected  under  such  extreme  emergency, 
but  they  were  of  like  materials  and  by  the  same  workmen.  Those,  however, 
who  know  the  buoyancy  of  hopes  which  ordinarily  characterize  the  pioneers  of 
a  new  country  will  not  be  surprised  to  learn  that  these  were  a  happy  people. 
The  rude  buildings  in  which  they  slept  soundly,  studied  diligently,  and  wor- 
shiped devoutly,  were  quite  as  good  for  them,  and  were  afterward  remembered 
as  pleasantly  as  were  the  more  costly  edifices  of  their  father-land. 

Flour  was  an  article  not  easily  obtained  until  after  the  erection  of  mills  to 
grind  the  wheat  raised  in  the  valley.  The  latter  was  found  to  flourish  on  the 
soil  of  the  region,  easily  cleared  of  the  bushes  which  grew  upon  it,  and  ' '  as 
soon  as  it  could  be  carried  to  market  it  became  the  most  important  article  of 
trade."  Maize,  or  Indian  corn,  was  for  some  time  more  abundant,  and 
afforded  a  good  source  of  food  supply.  The  Indians  raised  it  and  none  was 
exported,  and  the  process  of  preparing  it  for  eating  was  simple. 

Buckskins  were  made  into  breeches  and  jackets  of  great  durability,  though 
the  working  classes  more  commonly  wore  garments  of  hempen  or  flaxen  tow, 
or  woolen.  The  men  had  wool  hats,  cowhide  shoes,  linsey  frocks,  and  some- 
times deer-skin  aprons,  while  the  women  had  frocks  of  similar  materials,  and 
occasionally  sun-bonnets.  They  managed  to  have  a  little  better  dress  for  Sun- 
day, or  for  social  meetings,  in  which  they  indulged  for  ' '  amusement  and  good 
cheer."  In  out-of-door  sports  the  Indians  often  came  in  for  a  share  in  the 
exercises. 

After  the  long  French  and  Indian  war,  and  the  subsequent  war  precipitated 
by  Pontiac,  there  was  a  greater  feeling  of  relief  than  had  been  experienced 
since  the  settlements  began,  and  prosperity  became  more  general.  .  Some  fam- 
ilies had  by  that  time  become  possessed  of  considerable  wealth,  and  were  enabled 
to  maintain  a  style  of  living  which  those  less  fortunate  could  not  indulge  in. 
This  style  was  naturally  modeled  after  English  customs.     Dr.  Wing,  who  quotes 


BISTORT   "i   01  MBEBLAND  COUNT]  87 

as  authority  "Watso       \  of  Philadelphia,"  continues:   "To  have  a  house 

in  town  for  winter  and  another  on  a  plantation  tor  summer  was  not  ver]  anus 
u.-il.  and  in  ill"  proper  season  a  Large  hospitality  was  indulged  in.  In  man] 
families  slaves  were  possessed,  and  even  where  a  more  ordinary  Btyle  of  aervi 
in. I.'  prevailed  there  were  aoi  a  tev*    torn  ratio  life.     Some  slaves 

the  smaller  farm-,  but  the  great  majorit)  of  aervantswere 

Qerman  or  Irish  '  r«  •»  l«  -m )  >t  i.  >i  i  ■  ■  i      '      \     their  tea        I     ervice  was* 

not  more  than  four  or  ii\  e  j  ears,  and  the  price  not  more  than  the  hire  of  labor 

en  for  a  less  term,  man]  farmers  found  this  an  advantag is  method  of  obtain 

i i,j_r  help.     A-  the]  were  not  much  distinguishable  from  their   employers  and 
afterward  received  good  wages,  the]  Boon  became  proprietors  of  the  si 
their  children,  being  educated,  passed  into  better  society.    In  Buoh  a  Btat 
fail--  tin Tr  was  a  perpetual  tendency  to  a  uniformit]  of  c litions  and  "l'  social 

Che  greal  body  of  the  people  were  moral,  and  all  marked  distinctions 
among  them  were  discountenanced,  bnl  those  who  followed  rough  trades  were 
not  unwilling  to  be  recognized.  V  atyle  of  dress  ami  manners  prevailed  to 
which  our  later  American  habits  are  generall]  averse,  and  which  plainl]  dis 
tinguished  between  them  and  professional  men  and  persons  of  independent 
Bach  class  ha. I  its  special  privileges,  which  amply  compensated  Cor  in 
feriority  of  position.     The  long  established  relations  which  thus  grew  up  were 

roes  of  mutual  benefits  ami  pleasures.      I'  if  those  who  aspired 

to  be  fashionable  was  in  main    rejects  the  reverse  of  what   it   now  is.     Men 

wore    three  aquare    or   COCked    hat-  ami  Wigs;    coats  with    large  cull's,   big   skirts 

lined  and  stiffened  with  buckram;  breeches  closely  fitted,  thickly  lined  ami 

earning  down  to  the  knee,  of  broadcloth  for  winter  or  silk  camlet  for  summer. 
Cotton  fabrics  were  almost   unknown,  li being  more  common,  the  hose  es- 

.   being  of  worsted  or  -ilk.       Shoe-  were  of   calf-kin  for  gentlemen,  while 

ordinary  people  contented  themselves  with  a  coarser  neat's  leather.  Ladies 
wore  immense  dresses  expanded  by  hoops  or  stiff  Btays,  curiously  plaited  hair 
or  enormous  caps,  high  heeled  shoes  with  white  silk  or  thread  stockings,  and 
large  bonnets,  universally  of  a  .lark  color.     The  dresses  of  the  laboring  classes 

were  different  from  these  principally  in  the  material-  used.  Buckskin  breeches. 
cheeked  shirt-,  red  flannel    jackets  and  often  leather  apron-  wen'  the  ordinary 

wear.      While  at  their  work  in  the  fields  the  appearan ■!'  the  men  and  women 

continued  much  as  we  have  described  it  at  an  earlier  period.  Before  the  Rev- 
olution Watson  tells  us  that  'the  wives  and  daughters  of  tradesmen  through 
out  the  province-'  all  wore  short  gOWne,  oft, mi  of  green  baize  but  generall)  of 
tic  fabric,  with  cap-  and  kerchiefs  On  their  head-,  for  a  bare  head  was 
—  a  except  with  laborers  at  their  work.  Carriages  were  not  common 
and  were  of  a  cumbrous  description.  People  usually  rode  horseback  ;""'  good 
riding  was  cultivated  as  an  accomplishment.     At  the  countrj  churches  on  the 

Sabbath  not  [infrequently  the  horses  on  the  outside  were  nearly  a-  numerous  as 
the  people  inside  the  buildings.      Store-  in  town  were  places  of   resort,   ami  did 

a  more  extensive  business  than  they  have  A^m-  since  the  cities  have  I n  so  ac 

oessible.      Newspapers  were  rare,  published  generally  only  once  a  week  and 
reaching  subscribers  in  this  county  nearl]    a  week  after  date      Kight  weekly 
oer-  and  on  kh  had  been  started  in   Philadelphia,  but   a- the 

post  went    into  the  interior  only   once  a  week,  the  Latter  was  of   Little   ad 
to  our  people.       The  sheets  On    which    the]     were    printed    were    small,   and  the 

amount  of  new-  would  now  be  considered  verj  meager.     The  death  of  a  sover- 
eign about  this  time  was  not  proclaimed  in  the  province  until  uearlj  six  weeks 
after  it-  occurrence,  and  Bouquet's  \  ictory  and  treat]  with  the  Indian-  were  not 
'Emigrants  hind  oat  until  taeu  loald  be  repaid. 


38  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

known  in  Carlisle  until  between  three  and  four  weeks  from  those  events.  Visit- 
ors to  Philadelphia  usually  went  in  their  own  two-wheeled  chaises  or  on  horse- 
back, occupying  two  or  three  weeks  in  the  journey.  The  numerous  courts  and 
transactions  in  land,  as  well  as  the  lively  social  intercourse,  made  such  journeys 
frequent.  The  transportation  of  goods  both  ways  rendered  needful  trains  of 
heavily  loaded  wagons  (since  called  by  the  name  of  Conestoga  or  Pennsylvania), 
with  four,  five  or  six  horses.  As  the  woods  westward  and  over  the  mountains  would 
not  allow  of  this  method,  either  at  Shippensburg  or  Smiths  (Mercersburg),  the 
goods  had  to  be  transferred  to  pack-horses.  '  It  was  no  uncommon  thing  at  one 
of  these  points  to  see  from  fifty  to  100  packhorses  in  a  row,  one  person  to  each 
string  of  five  or  six  horses,  tethered  together,  starting  off  for  the  Monongahela 
country,  laden  with  salt,  iron,  hatchets,  powder,  clothing  and  whatever  was 
needed  by  the  Indians  and  frontier  inhabitants. 

In  the  days  of  pack-trains,  time  about  1770-80,  there  were  seen  at  onetime 
in  Carlisle  as  many  as  500  pack-horses,  going  thence  to  Shippensburg,  Fort 
London  and  other  western  points,  loaded  with  merchandise,  salt,  iron,  etc. 
Bars  of  iron  were  carried  by  first  being  bent  over  and  around  the  bodies  of  the 
horses.  Col.  Snyder,  an  early  blacksmith  of  Chambersburg,  once  told  (1845) 
that  he  "  cleared  many  a  day  from  six  to  eight  dollars  in  crooking,  or  bending 
iron  and  shoeing  horses  for  Western  carriers. ' '  [Kupp'  s  History  of  Cumberland 
and  other  counties,  p.  376.]  The  same  authority  says:  "  The  pack  horses  were 
generally  led  in  divisions  of  about  twelve  or  fifteen  horses,  carrying  about  two 
hundred  weight  each,  all  going  single  file  and  being  managed  by  two  men,  one 
goino-  before  as  the  leader,  and  the  other  at  the  tail  to  see  after  the  safety  of 
the  packs.  When  the  bridle  road  passed  along  declivities  or  over  hills,  the 
path  was,  in  some  places,  washed  out  so  deep  that  the  packs,  or  burdens, 
came  in  contact  with  the  ground,  or  other  impeding  obstacles,  and  were  fre- 
quently displaced.  However,  as  the  carriers  usually  traveled  in  companies, 
the  packs  were  soon  adjusted  and  no  great  delay  occasioned.  The  pack  hors- 
es were  generally  furnished  with  bells,  which  were  kept  from  ringing  during 
the  day  drive,  but  were  let  loose  at  night  when  the  horses  were  set  free  and 
permitted  to  feed  and  browse.  The  bells  were  intended  as  guides  to  direct 
their  whereabouts  in  the  morning.  When  wagons  were  first  introduced,  the 
carriers  considered  that  mode  of  transportation  an  invasion  of  their  rights. 
Their  indignation  was  more  excited  and  they  manifested  greater  rancor  than 
did  the  regular  teamsters  when  the  line  of  single  teams  was  started,  some 
thirtv  [now  seventy]  years  ago." 

".  Formation  of  Townships  and  Boroughs.— -The  townships,  as  they  now  ex- 
ist in  the  County  of  Cumberland,  were  formed  at  dates  as  follows: 

Cook,  from  a  part  of  Penn,  June  18,  1872;  Dickinson,  April  17,  l<8o; 
East  Pennsborough,  1745  (originally  Pennsborough,  1735);  Frankford, 
1795;  Hampden,  January  23,  1845;  Hopewell,  1735;  Lower  Allen,  1849, 
(originally  Allen,  1766);  Middlesex,  1859;  Mifflin,  179 1;  Monroe,  1825;  New- 
ton 1767;  North  Middleton,  1810  (originally  Middleton,  1750);  Penn,  from 
part  of  Dickinson,  October  23,  1860;  Shippensburg,  1784;  Silver  Spring, 
1787-  Southampton,  1791;*  South  Middleton,  1810,  (originally  Middleton, 
1750);  Upper  Allen,  1849  (originally  Allen,  1766);  West  Pennsborough, 
1745  to  present  limits  in  1785,  part  of  original  township  of  Pennsborough, 
1735-  Carlisle  Borough,  1782,  new  charter,  1814;  Camp  Hill  Borough,  Novem- 
ber 10  1885;  Mechanicsburg  Borough,  1828;  Mount  Holly  Springs  Borough, 
1873-  Newburg  Borough,  1861;  New  Cumberland  Borough,  1831;  Newville 
Borough,  February  26,  1817,  township  in  1828,  borough  in  1869.  Shippens- 
burg Borough,  1819;  Shiremanstown  Borough,  1874  or  1875. 

*One  authority  says  before  1732,  but  we  have  found  no  record  to  that  effect. 


BISTORT  OF  CUMBHBLAHD  COUNTY.  89 

Lands.— The  lands  in  this  region  at   the  time  of  tl arlj   settlements 

were  of  two  classes:  theme  to  which  the  [ndian  title   had  ao(  yet   I n  extin 

guished,  and  npon  which  white  people  were  not  allowed  to  Bettle  until  the 
government  should  pnrohase  them  and  open  an  office  for  their  Bale;  and  the 
proprietary  lands  "  sometimes  surveyed  into  manors  and  reserved  tor  special 
purposes  and  sometimes  held  open  for  private  purchase,"  bul  belonging  to 
them  (the  proprietaries)  in  fee  Bimple,  Purchasers  of  land  from  the  proprie 
taries,  who  had  surveyed  and  divided  them  into  lots,  paid  very  low  prices,  some- 
time as  low  a-  one  shilling  sterling  per  acre,  and  even  down  to  a  merely  nom 
inaJ  valuation  according  to  location.  These  purchasers  often  had  to  borrow 
money  t<>  paj  even  the  small  sums  required  and  gave  mortgages  upon  the 
lands' for  security.  They  were  generally  able  to  meet  their  obligations  in  a 
i  yerj  acre  of  land  sold  by  the  proprietaries  was  also  Bubject  to  an 
annual  rental,  from  one  penu\  down,  and  sometimes  a  diminutive  quantity  of 
wheat  or  corn,  or  perhaps   poultry.* 

h  wae  not  until  the  treaty  of  October,  1  736,  that  the  Indian  title  to  lands 
in  Cumberland  Count]  was  extinguished  and  vested  in  the  heirs,  successors  and 
of  Thomas  and  Richard  Perm.  Paiton  Manor  had  been  sot  off  in 
s  Pennasan  inducemenl  to  the  Shawanees  to  settle  here  and 
live  at  peace  with  the  whites;  the  title  to  it  was,  however,  acquired  in  1736 
with  the  other  lands  included  in  the  deed,  and  it  was  then  laid  oul  f  "* 
limits  were  described  as  follows  in  the  return,  Maj  16,  1  765,  of  the  warrant  tor 
its  resurvey,  issued  December  26,  1  764:  "On  the  west  side  of  the  Susquehannah 
River,  opposite  to  John  Hani,'   ferry,  and  bounded  to  the  eastward  by  the 

said  river;   to  the  northward  l>\   Conodoewvinet  Creek;   to  the  southward  by  the 

fellow  Breeches  Creek,  and  to  the  westward   bj   a  line  drawn  north,  a  little 

the  said  Yellow  Ihvoches  to  Conodogwiuet  Creek  aforesaid,  con 
taming  7,507  acres,  or  upward."     The  survej  showed  it  to  contain  7,551  acres. 
It  embraced  all  the  land  between  the  two  creeks,  according  to  reliable  author- 
ity, extending  westward   to  "the   road  leading   from  the  Conodogwiuet    to   the 
Yellow  Breeches,  past  the  Stone  Church  or  Frieden's  Kirch,  and  immediately 

below  Shireinanstowii."       Its  first  SUTVej    had  1 n  made  very  earl\    (1  733     32). 

John  Armstrong  surveyed  it  in  1765,  and  divided  it  into  twenty  portions,  and 
in  L767  John  Lukens  'surveyed  it  and  divided  it  into  twenty-eight  tracts  or 
plantations  of  various  Bizes,  aggregating  about  the  original  quantity  of  land  in 
the  manor.     These  tract-  ,.  o  originally  to  the  following  persons:  No.  1, 

530  acres,  to  Capt.  John  Stewart;  No.  2,  267j  acres.  toJohn  Boggs;  30 

ier  Weber;  256  acres  to  Col.  John  Armstrong;  227  acres  to  James  Wil- 
son;  227  acres  to  Robert  Whitehill  (including  site  of  town  of  Whitehill);  No.  3, 
200  acres;  No.  4.  206  acres,  to  Moses  Wallace;  No.  5,  200  acres,  to  John  Wil- 
\.s.  6  (267  acres)  and  7  (283  acres),  to  John  WTish;  No.  8,  27,")  acres,  to 
i  Kogers;  No.  (.t,  I '.!.->  acre-.  Con.ad  Etenninger;  No.  10,  L83  acres,  to 
Oaeper  Weaver;  No.  11,  134  acres,  to  Casper  Weaver;  No.  12,  L81  acres,  to 
William    B  No.    13,    184    acres,  to  Samuel    Wallace;     No.    II.     |o:i_acies. 

Christopher  Grainlich;  No.  15,  2<>r>  acres,  James  McCurdey;  No.  lb,  237  acres, 
Isaac  Heii.lrix;  No.  17.  213  acres,  Robert  Whitehill;  No.  IS.  311  acres,  t'hilip 
Kimmel;  No.  19,  267  .acres,  Andrew  Kreutzer;  No.  20,  281  acres,  David  Moore; 
No-,  -j  i    and  22,   536  acres,    Edmund  Physick;    No.  23,  282  acres.  Edmund 

•The  unnilqnlt  rent  waa  placed  at  1st  n  lawful  money  (bierer.    I 

tion  was  very  dlliicult.  hoi 

thoiiKh  it  exempt*)  them  from  all  other  propriel  »«'   l'""l  '" ,'  '■""'"■'  ;'".' '  "",':'>'  "'",'"-  '• 

until  «...  i.    Revolutionary  War.    The  an nt  wm  i»y«ble  to  the  heta  of  WUllam  1 

and  silver  was  very  scarce  and  the  proviuce  Issued  paper  money,  which  depreciated  to  half  its  face  value. 
Many  farmers  lost  their  tracts  through  failure  to  pay  mortgages,  losing  at  the  same  time  their  earlier  payments 

tl>r  J.  A.  Murray  In  article  upon  Louther  Manor,  In  Carlisle  Herald,  early  In  1885. 


40  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

Physick;  No.  24,  287  acres,  Rev.  William  Thompson;  No.  25,  150  acres,  Alex 
Young;  No.  26.  209  acres,  Jonas  Seely;  Nos.  27  (243  acres)  and  28  (180  acres), 
Jacob  Miller.  The  manor  included  portions  of  Hampden,  East  Pennsborough 
and  Lower  Allen  Townships,  as  at  present  existing,  and  the  western  boundary 
would  pass  just  east  of  Shiremanstown.  Within  its  area  are  now  situated  the 
towns  and  settlements  of  New  Cumberland,  Milltown  (or  Eberly's  Mills),  Bridge- 
port, Wormleysburg.  Cainp  Hill  and  Whitehill  Station. 

The  troubles  between  the  proprietors  of  Pennsylvania  and  Maryland  over 
the  boundary  between  the  two  provinces,  with  their  final  settlement  by  the  run- 
ning of  ' '  Mason  and  Dixon' s  Line, ' '  are  set  forth  in  Chapter  X  of  the  history 
of  Pennsylvania  in  this  volume,  and  it  is  unnecessary  to  repeat  them  here. 

At  one  time  during  the  Revolutionary  period,  when  the  titles  of  lands  in 
Cumberland  County  were  examined  with  a  view  to  taxation,  it  was  discovered 
that  a  large  quantity  of  land  was  yet  vested  in  the  proprietary  family  and  no 
revenue  was  derived  from  it.  "The  following  tracts,"  says  Dr.  Wing,  "were 
described  as  belonging  to  them:  in  East  Pennsborough  a  tract  called  Lowther 
(formerly  Paxton)  Manor,  containing  7,551  acres;  in  West  Pennsborough  these 
tracts  are  called  Jericho,  containing  807  acres  and  40  perches,  another  of  828 
acres,  and  another  of  770  acres  and  20  perches;  a  tract  adjoining  the  moun- 
tains of  988  acres;  one  composed  of  several  fragments,  originally  6,921  acres 
and  23  perches,  and  including  the  borough  of  Carlisle  and  then  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  town;  one  adjoining  the  North  Mountain,  3,600  acres;  another  near  the 
Kittatinny  Mountains  of  55  acres;  two  tracts  in  Hopewell  Township,  most  if 
not  all  of  which  are  probably  now  in  Franklin  County,  4,045  acres  and  120 
perches,  and  980  acres — making  in  all  26, 536  acres.  Much  of  the  land  which 
had  been  sold  had  been  subjected  by  the  terms  of  sale  to  a  perpetual  quit 
rent.  During  the  war  none  of  these  quit  rents  had  been  collected,  no  further 
sales  could  be  effected,  and  no  tax  could  be  collected  from  this  large  amount 
of  property.  Many  persons,  too,  had  settled  upon  such  proprietary  lands  as 
were  unoccupied  without  the  form  of  any  title,  and  were  making  improvements 
on  them.  November  27.  1779,  the  Assembly  passed  resolutions  annulling  the 
royal  charter,  and  granting  to  the  Penn  family  as  a  compensation  for  the 
rights  of  which  this  deprived  them  £130,000.  This,  however,  did  not  affect 
their  ownership  of  lands  and  quit  rents  as  private  persons,  so  that  they  still 
remain  the  largest  land  owners  in  the  State.  On  a  subsequent  occasion 
(1780)  these  private  estates  were  forfeited  and  vested  in  the  commonwealth, 
by  which  act  the  State  government  became  possessed  of  a  large  amount  of  land 
which  it  bestowed  upon  officers  and  soldiers,  or  sold  to  private  settlers  for  the 
profit  of  the  State. ' ' 

We  have  seen  a  copy  of  an  original  draft  of  a  "  proprietary  manor  southwest 
of  the  borough  of  Carlisle,  in  Middleton  Township,  Cumberland  County, 
containing  in  the  whole  1,927  acres,  34  perches,  and  an  allowance  of  six  acres 
per  cent  for  roads,  etc.  Resurveyed  the  6th,  7th  and  8th  days  of  Janu- 
ary, 1791.  Pr.  Samuel  Lyon,  D.  S."  This  joined  Carlisle  on  the  southwest, 
being  bounded  north  by  Gillanghan's  tract,  Armstrong's  tract,  Richard  Peters' 
tract  and  Richard  Coulter's  tract;  east  by  lands  belonging  to  Patrick  and 
William  Davidson.  Banton  &  Co.,  Stephen  Foulk,  Joseph  Thornburgh  and 
William  Patterson;  south  by  James  Lyon's  and  the  heirs  of  George  Lyre's 
land;  west  by  Lyre's  heirs,  William  Reaney  and  John  Carver.  It  was  quite 
irregular  in  form. 


I 


HlsTnuY  OF  C0MBEBLAHD  OOUNTi  " 


CHAPTEB  III. 

Im.iw  Sistori     French  uro  [ndiam  Was  -Pontiao's  War. 

N  this  connection  it  will  aot  be  necessary  to  enter  into  an  extended  bistorj 
,    oi  the  [ndian  nations  who  at  various  periods  claimed  power  over  this  region 
It  will  he  sufficient  to  Btate  that   when  the  Cumberland  Valley  first  bi 
known  to  the  European  races,  and  was  Looked  upon  as  a  place  of  future  colom 

■ation,  it  was  virtuallj  Ln  | ion  of  the  aggregation  of  iril.es  known  as  tin- 

li  basbeen  Bald  that  at  the  opening  of  the  seventeenth  oenturj 
"the  lower  vall.-\  of  the  Susquehanna  appears  to  have  been  a  vast, uninhabited 
highway,  through  which  horde-  of  ho-tile  savages  were  constantly  roaming  be 
fcween  the  aorthern  and  Bouthern  waters,  and  where  they  often  met  in  bloodj 

beta  The  Six  Nation-  were  acknowledged  a-  the  sovereigns  of  the  Sus- 
ipiehaima.  and  they  regarded  with  jealousy  and  permitted  with  reluctance  the 
settlement  of  other  tribes  upon  its  margin."* 

Six  Nations  originally  the  Five  Nations  until  the  Tusearoras  oi 
North  Carolina  joined  them  in  1712— were  the  Onondagas,  Cayugas,  Oneidas. 
Benecas,  Mohawk-  and  Tusearoras.  They  were  termed  the  "Iroquois  '  by  the 
French.  The  "Lenni  Lenape,"  or  the  "original  people,"  commonlj 
the  Delaware  Nation,  were  divided  into  three  grand  divisions — the  Unam 
Turtle  tribe-:  the  Dnalachtgos,  or  Turkeys,  and  the  Monsoys,  or  Wolf  tribes. 
The  first  two  occupied  the  territory  along  the  coast  and  between  the  sea  and 
th..  Kittatinm  or  Blue  Mountains,  with  settlements  reaching  from  the  Hudson 
on  the  east  to  the  Potomac  on  the  west.  The  Mbnseys,  a  tierce,  active  and 
warlike  people,  occupied  the  mountainous  country  between  the  kittal  iimy  and 
the  sources  of  the  Susquehanna  and  Delaware  Rivers.  These  three  divisions 
were  subdivided  into  various  subordinate  classes  bearing  distinguishing  names. 
The  Lenni  Lenape  tribes  occupying  this  region  soon  after  the  first  settlement 
of  Pennsylvania  were  the  Tuteloes  and  Nantecokes,  formerly  in  Maryland  and 
Virginia.'  The  Shawanos.  or  Shawanese,  B  fierce  and  restless  tribe  which  was 
threatened  with  extermination  by  B   more   powerful    tribe  in   the  south,  sought 

:;o u  from  the  northern  tribe-  who-,,  language  was  similar  to  their  own. 
and  a  portion  of  them  settled  near  the  forks  of  the  Delaware  and  on  the  Hats 
below  Philadelphia.  Becoming  troublesome  they  were  removed  by  either  the 
Delaware-  or  Six  Nation-  to  the  Susquehanna  Valley,  and  during  the  Revoln 

d  the  war  of   L812  their  terrible  deeds  became  matters  of  historic  record 

From  them  Bprang  the    renowned  chieftain  Tecumseh  (or  Tecumthe).     The 
historian  Bancroft,  in  speaking  of  the  Shawanese.  says:    ••  It  was  about  the  year 

L698  that  thr r  four  -core  of  their  families,  with  the  consent  of  the  govern 

me, ,i  of  Pennsylvania,  removed  from  Carolina  and  planted  themselves  on  the 
Susquehanna.  '  Sad  were  the  fruits  of  that  hospitality.  Others  followed;  and 
in  1732,  the  number  of  Indian  fighting  men  in  Pennsylvania  was  esti- 
mated to  be  T<">.  one-half  of  them  were  Shawanee  emigrants.  So  desolate  was 
the  wilderness  that  a  vagabond  tribe  could  wander  undisturbed  from  Cumber 
land  down  to  the  Alabama,  from  the  head  waters  of  the  Santee  to  the  Susque- 
hanna. ' '     Some  historians  believe  the  Shawanese  came  north  in  1678.     They 

•  Day ■•  B  i   in  or  Pennsylvania,  pp.  388,  389. 


42  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

had  a  village  in  Lancaster  County,  at  the  mouth  of  Pequea  (or  Pequehanj 
Creek,  and  their  chief's  name  was  Opessah,  and  there  were  several  Indian 
towns  along  both  sides  of  the  Susquehanna.  Those  who  had  settled  at  Pequea 
removed  a  quarter  of  a  century  later  to  lands  on  the  Conodoquinet,  within  the 
present  limits  of  Cumberland  County,  with  also  a  village  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Yellow  Breeches  Creek.  They  deserted  the  villages  about  1725,  when  the 
whites  began  to  look  to  it  for  homes,  and  removed  westward  to  the  Ohio.  The 
lands  on  the  Conodoquinet  were  surveyed  for  the  use  of  the  Indians  upon  a 
treaty  of  purchase  being  made  by  the  proprietaries  for  their  lands  on  the  Sus- 
quehanna, at  the  mouth  of  the  Conestoga  and  elsewhere.  ' '  The  intrusion  of 
the  white  settlers  upon  their  hunting  ground, ' '  says  Conyngham,  ' '  proved  a 
fresh  source  of  grievance;  they  remonstrated  to  the  governor  and  to  the  As- 
sembly, and  finally  withdrew  and  placed  themselves  under  the  protection  of  the 
French.  Big  Beaver,  a  Shawanee  chief,  at  the  treaty  of  Carlisle  in  1753,  re- 
ferred to  a  promise  made  by  William  Penn,  at  Shackamaxon,  of  hunting 
grounds  forever."  The  treaty  mentioned  was  one  "  of  amity  and  friendship," 
made  at  Carlisle  in  October,  1753,  with  the  Ohio  Indians,  by  Benjamin  Frank- 
lin, Isaac  Morris  and  "William  Peters,  commissioners.  The  expense  thereof, 
including  presents  to  the  Indians,  was  £1,400. 

Treaties. — Says  Dr.  Wing  (pp.  14-15  History  of  Cumberland  County):  "  For 
one  or  two  generations  at  least  the  land  of  Penn  was  never  stained  by  an  In- 
dian with  the  blood  of  a  white  man.  Deeds  were  obtained  on  several  different 
occasions  during  the  years  1682-1700  for  lands  lying  between  the  Delaware 
and  the  Potomac,  and  south  of  the  South  Mountain.  In  1696  a  purchase  was 
effected  through  Gov.  Dongan,  of  New  York,  in  consideration  of  one  hundred 
pounds  sterling,  '  of  all  that  tract  of  land  lying  on  both  sides  of  the  river  Sus- 
quehanna and  the  lakes  adjacent  in  or  near  the  province  of  Pennsylvania.'  As 
the  right  of  the  Six  Nations  to  sell  this  territory  was  not  acknowledged  by  the 
various  tribes  living  on  the  Susquehanna,  Conestoga  and  Potomac  Bivers,  other 
treaties  were  entered  into  with  the  sachems  of  these  tribes  (September  30,  1700, 
and  April  23,  1701),  by  which  their  sale  was  expressly  confirmed.  So  vague, 
however,  was  the  language  used  in  these  deeds  that  a  question  arose  whether 
the  phrases  '  lands  on  both  sides  of  the  Susquehanna  and  adjoining  the  same,' 
would  give  any  rights  beyond  that  river,  and  it  was  thought  best  to  effect  an- 
other purchase  before  any  settlement  should  be  allowed  on  that  territory.  Ac- 
cordingly the  chiefs  of  the  Six  Nations  met  October  11,  1736,  in  Philadel- 
phia, when  they  revived  all  past  treaties  of  friendship  and  executed  a  deed 
conveying  to  John,  Thomas  and  Bichard  Penn  and  their  heirs  '  all  the  said 
river  Susquehanna,  with  the  lands  lying  on  both  sides  thereof,  to  extend  east- 
ward as  far  as  the  heads  of  the  branches  or  springs  which  run  into  the  said 
Susquehanna,  and  all  the  land  lying  on  the  west  side  of  the  said  river  to  the 
setting  of  the  sun,  and  to  extend  from  the  mouth  of  the  said  river  northward 
up  the  same  to  the  hills  or  mountains  called  in  the  language  of  said  nations 
Tayamentasachta,  and  by  the  Delaware  Indians  the  Kekachtannin*  hills. '  This 
deed  included  all  the  lands  comprised  in  the  present  county  of  Cumberland, 
but  was  not  executed  until  a  few  years  after  settlements  had'  been  commenced 
there. ' ' 

Previous  to  the  purchase  of  1736,  a  number  of  unauthorized  settlements  had 
been  made  upon  the  Conodoguinet  and  Conococheague,  mostly  by  persons 
from  the  north  of  Ireland,  and  after  the  purchase,  but  before  the  lands  were 
surveyed,  these  settlements  were  encouraged  for  the  purpose  of  preventing  in- 
truders coming  in  under  Lord  Baltimore's  title.  "  These  settlements, "  says 
Day,    "gave  rise  to  the  complaints  of  the  Shawanese. " 

*By  other  authority  Kekachtanamin. 


cW.n^^^  t 


HISTORY  OF  I  i'\ii;i:ki..\M'  I  OONXT.  15 

After  Franklin's  treat]  with  the  Indians  at  Carlisle,  in  1758,  b  dispute arose 
betweei  or  and  Council,  and  the  assembly,  over  a  complaint  mad,' 

bj  the  Shawanese,  "  thai  the  proprietary  government  had  surveyed  all  the  land 
on  the  Conodoguinet  into  a  manor,  a  air  hunting  ground 

without  a  purchase  and  contrary  to  treaty."  The  remarks  made  bj  Big 
at  aaid  treaty  have  been  mentioned.  The]  were  mentioned  bj  the  As 
sembly  in  the  dispute, but  "bj  the  governor  and  Council  it  was  alleged  that  do 
such  thing  had  occurred,  and  that  a  treaty  held  in  L754,  the  same  Shawanee 
ohiefswho  were  at  Carlisle  the  year  before  made  the  strongest  professions  of  their 
friendship,  without  an]  complaint  on  account  of  the  same  tract  of  land.  The] 
alleged,  too,  that  the  Shawanese  aever  had  an]  claim  to  the  Conodoguinet 
lands;  for  that  thej  were  southern  Indians  who,  being  rendered  uneasj  b]  their 
oeighbors,  had  settled  on  these  lands  in  L698,  with  the  permission  of  the 
Susquehanna  Indian- and  the  proprietary,  William  Penn."  However,  no  com 
pensatioD  being  made  to  the  Shawanese,  they  removed  as  Btated  and  put  them 

selves  Under  the  protection  of  the  French  and  l«rnmo  a  source  of  terror  to  the 
oolonists  because  of  their  hostility  during  the  great  French  and  Indian  war 
of  IT-". 

Indian-  belonging  to  various  tribes  were  met  with  by  the  early  settlers. 
g  them  were  the  Shawanese,  Delawares,  Susquehannas  (of  which  people 
I. ut  a  remnant  was  left,  the  tribe  having  been  Bwept  awaj  bj  wars  and  small- 
tfanticokes,  Mingoea,  Tuteloes,  etc.  A  Bfingo  village  is  said  to  have  ex- 
isted on  Let  n  Kan.  in  the  neighborhood  of  Carlisle  and  the  famous  Lo- 
gan, whose  residences  were  many,  if  all  tradition  he  true,  is  -aid  to  have  once 
oocupied  a  cabin  on  the  Beaver  Pond,  at  the  head  of  Letort  Spring.  The 
Shawaneee  were  not  so  numerous  a-  in  former  years,  as  many  of  them  had 
removed  westward.  Thej  had  professed  that  the  land-,  being  barren,  or  devoid 
of  large  trees  were  not  suitable  for  a  bunting  ground,  and  for  that  reason  the] 
had  left,  hut  indiscretion  on  the  part  of  some  of  their  youne  men.  who  had  in 
drunken  frolic'-  given  offense  to  the  Delawares,  had  undoubtedly  been  a  great- 
er reason,  although  both  the  Delaware-  and  the  Six  Nation-  made  investi 
gations,  forgave  their  offenses,  and  invited  them  to  return,  which  they  would 
not  do.  Even  the  proprietary,  Thomas  Penn.  upon  his  arrival  in  1732,  ex 
tended  the  same  invitation  and  assigned  them  a  large  tract  of  the  land  they 
had  previously  occupied  provided  the]  would  return,     A  few  of  them  did  so, 

and  li\  ,   with  the  settlers.      In  order  to  prevent  whites  from  locating 

ii|>,jii  the  land  given  to  the  Shawanese,  a  tract  containing  7,551  acre-  was  sur 

veyed  in  1732  and  erected  into  a  manor  called  Paxton.  The-  Indian-  were 
finally  found  unwilling  to  OCCUp]  tin-  land,  and  it  was  surveyed  December  'Jl'i. 
lTiit.  and  given  the  name  ••  Louther  Manor,"  in  honor  of  a  sister  of  William 
Perm, who  married  a  nobleman  of  that  name.  The  order  for  the  resurvey  was 
Decembers,  L764,  and  returned  May  lb.  1765,  the  quantity  being  found 

a-  above      T.-V'l    acres.       The  bounds    are  described    as  follows:    ■•  Mounded    on 

the  ea-t  by  the  Susquehanna,  opposite  John  Harris'  ferry;  north  bj  tl  e  C i 

doguinet;  south  hv  the  Yellow  Breeches  Creek,  and  on  the  west  by  a  line 
drawn  a  little  westerly  from  the  said  Yellow  Breeches  to  Conodoguinet  Creek, 
contniiei!.:  7,507  acres  or  upward." 

The  -tate  of  mind  the  Shawanese  were  in  over  their  pretended  wrongs,  and 
the  bargaining  away  of  their  land  by  the  Six  Nations  with  little  regard  for  their 
welfare,  rendered  them  easy  to  win  from  their  friend-hip  to  the  English. 
■  M  ■•■  than  Once."  says  Dr.  Wing.  "  when  messengers  were  sent  to  them  bythe 
Governor  and  the  Six  Nation-.  the_\  confessed  that  they  had  been  mistaken, 
and  promised  that  they  would  return,  or  at  least  live  in  peace  where  they  were; 


46  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

but  every  year  it  became  more  and  more  evident  that  their  friendship  was 
forced,  and  lasted  only  while  they  were  in  expectation  of  some  benefits, 
and  that  their  hostility  might  be  counted  upon  whenever  an  opportunity 
of  vengeance  should  occur.  The  Delawares  had  not  as  extensively  gone  beyond 
the  mountains;  the  main  body  adhered  to  their  chiefs,  and  were  almost  support^ 
ed  by  the  government,  but  an  increasing  number  of  them  were  wandering  off 
and  were  making  common  cause  with  the  Shawanees.  The  '  Indian  \\  alk,  by 
which  a  portion  of  their  lands  had  been  acquired,  seemed  at  least  sharp  practice, 
but  the  injustice  had  been  more  than  compensated  by  subsequent  dealings. 

The  use  of  liquor  among  the  Indians  was  the  cause  of  much  trouble  between 
themselves,  and  to  a  certain  extent  between  them  and  the  whites.  They  knew 
not  how  to  govern  their  appetites,  and  more  than  once  Indian  murders  occurred 
which  could  be  directly  traced  as  the  effects  of  the  liquor  the  perpetrators  had 
swallowed.  It  burned  any  humanity  out  of  them  and  made  their  naturally  sav- 
age dispositions  wilder  and  fiercer.  It  is  known  that  Sassoonan.  king  of  the 
Delawares,  in  1731  killed  his  nephew  while  in  a  drunken  frenzy,  and  was  over- 
come with  remorse  and  shame  when  he  became  sober,  and  yet  he  could  not 
bring  himself  to  ask  that  the  sale  of  the  poison  to  the  Indians  be  entirely  pro- 
hibited, but  only  that  it  might  be  kept  from  his  people,  except  as  it  ivas  asked 
for  by  themselves. 

The  French  beo-an  their  work  of  alienating  the  Shawanese  from  the  Jing- 
lish  as  early  as  1730,  desiring  to  secure  their  influence  in  the  furtherance  of 
their  own  purposes.  The  following,  from  a  message  by  Gov.  Gordon  to  the 
Provincial  Assembly,  August  4,  1731,  as  given  in  the  provincial  record,  shows 
"that  by  advices  lately  brought  to  him  by  several  traders  (from  Ohio)  in  those 
parts,  it  appears  that  the  French  have  been  using  endeavors  to  gam  over  those 
Indians  (Shawanese)  to  their  interest,  and  for  this  end  a  French  gentleman 
had  come  among  them  some  years  since,  sent,  as  it  was  believed,  from  the  gov- 
ernor of  Montreal,  and  at  his  departure  last  year  carried  with  him  some  of  the 
Shawanese  chiefs  to  that  government,  with  whom  they  at  then-  return  appeared  to 
be  highly  pleased.  That  the  same  French  gentleman,  with  five  or  six  others  in 
company  with  him,  had  this  last  spring  again  come  among  the  said  Indians 
and  brought  with  him  a  Shawanese  interpreter,  and  was  well  received  by  them. 
TRupp's  History  of  Cumberland  and  other  counties,  page  351.  The  same  au- 
thority says  that  "Hetaquantagechty,  a  distinguished  chief,  said,  in  a  council 
held  at  Philadelphia.  August  25,  1732,  that  last  fall  (1731)  the  French  inter- 
preter, Cahichtodo,  came  to  the  Ohio  River  (or  Allegheny)  to  build  houses 
there,   and  to  supply  the  Indians  with  goods,  etc. "  ] 

Settlements  bv  the  Scotch-Irish  upon  unpurchased  lands  about  the  Juniata 
assisted  in  fanning  the  flame  of  Indian  hostility.  Yet,  in  what  is  now  Cum- 
berland County,  these  settlements  must  have  been  as  stated  by  Mr.  Rupp, 
made  "by  permission  from  the  Indians,  whom  the  first  settlers  conciliated, 
for  there  "were  no  outbreaks  here  for  more  than  thirty  years  after  the  pioneer 
locations  had  been  made.  Yet  it  was  evident  that  a  crisis  was  impending. 
The  provincial  government  was  hard  pressed  to  provide  presents  for  the  In- 
dians, in  order  to  keep  them  peaceable  and  to  maintain  a  line  of  frontier  de- 
fense ao-ainst  French  incursions.  Finally  war  was  declared  between  France 
and  England,*  and  the  storm,  which  had  for  so  many  years  been  gathering 
force,  broke  with  deadly  fury  upon  the  mountain  region,  and  sad  were  the  ex- 
periences of  the  colonists  before  morning  dawned  upon  a  peaceful  horizon. 
Matters  began  to  look  dark  for  the  settlers  upon  this  declaration  of  hostil- 

»0pen  hostility  was  declared  in  March,  1744,  although  the  actual  strife  in  Pennsylvania  did  not  break 
out  until  1753,  when  the  French  established  posts  to  connect  the  lakes  with  the  Ohio. 


HISTORY  OF  CUMBEK1  \ND  COUNTY.  IT 

iti.'-.     The  French  had  encroached  opon  territory  claii I  trj  the  English,  and 

\  tions  were  -ileut  when  messages  were  Benl  them  concerning  the 
other  tribes  they  had  previously  held  in  check  Chartier,  the  Indian  trader, 
farmerh  located  al  the  month  of  the  felloe  Breeches,  had  made  his  home  with 
the  Shawanese  and  accepted  ;>  commission  in  the   French  Army.     Be  was  a 

half  !>r 1  with  Shawanese  blood  in  his  reins,  and  had  greal  influence  over  thai 

tribe.  A.  conference  was  held  with  the  six  Nations  at  Lancaster  June  24, 
IT  1 1,  when  the  latter  pledged  themselves  to  remain  at  peace  and  to  do  all  in 
iwer  to  prevenl  the  tribes  which  owed  them  allegiance  from  indulging 
in  hostile  forays.  Hut  a- a  large  portion  of  the  Shawanees  and  Delawareshad 
gone  beyond  their  jurisdiction,  the  treatj  could  not  reach  them,  and  it  I 
the  inhabitants  to  casl  aboul  (or  means  of  Becuritj  and  defense.  The  foolish 
differences  between  the  governor  and  the  Assembly  tor  years  prevented  steps 
being  taken  Bufficienl  to  allay  fear.  Finally,  through  tin'  sagacity  of  Benjamin 
Franklin,  aided  by  James  Logan,  10,000  volunteer  militiamen  were  formed 
10  companies  throughoul  the  provinces,  and  the  expense  was  mel  bj 
voluntary  sub  i       regiments  thus  raised  were  called  "  association 

regiments,"  the  beginning  of  a  system  which  continued  on  into 

the  Revolutionary  war-.  Bancroft  Btates  on  the  authority  of  Logan  that  ••the 
women  were  so  zealous  thai  thej  furnished  ten  pairs  of  silk  colors  wroughl 
with  various  l  [jancaster  County,  for  Cumber 

land  ws  irmed  being  largel)  Scotch  Irish  and  naturally  warlike  ami 

sive,  entered  heartily  into  the  military  spirit.     A   number  <>1    <■ pat  i«-s 

rmed  in  the  valley,  the  officers  being  chosen  1>\  the  soldiers  and   com 
ed  bj  the  governor.     The  several    militia   captains  in  the  count)  were 

sent  letter-,  dated    I tuber   L5,   IT  15,  stating  that  D.6WB  had  been  received  that 

"the  French  and  their  Indian  allies  were  preparing  to  march  during  the  win 
ter  to  the  frontiers  of  Pennsylvania  under  the  conduct  of  Peter  Chartier,  who 
would  not  fail  to  do  them  all  the  mischief  in  his  power.  The  news  served  to 
stir  up  the  people,  as  may  well  he  imagined,  hut  the  alarm  proved  groundless. 
March  29,  1 7  is.  a  list  of  officers  in  an  associated  regiment,  raised  in  ••that 
-ter  which  laj  between  the  river  Susquehanna  and  the  line-  of 
this  province."  wa-  presented  to  the  provincial  council.  The  officers  had  been 
chosen  by  the  men  in  their  commands  and  commissioned  bj  the  governor,  and 
were  as  follows:  Colonel  Benjamin  Chambers,  of  Chambershurg;  lieutenant 
colonel  Robert  Dunning,  of  East  Pennsborough;  major — William  Maxwell. 
of  Peters;  captains  -Richard  O'Cain,  Robert  Chambers,  of  Hopewell;  James 
Carnaghan,  of  Hopewell;  John   Chamber-,  of  Middleton;  .lames  Silvers,  of 

Pennsborough;   Charles    Morrow,  of    Hopewell:   George    Brown,  of    West 
Pennsborough;  James  Woods,   of  Middleton;  James   McTeer,  of  Easl    Penne 

_n.  and  Matthew  [  > 1 1 1 :  lieutenants — "William  Smith,  of  Peters;  Andrew 
Finley,  of  Lurgan;  .lames  Jack,  of  Hopewell;  Jonathan  HoIuh^  of  Middle 
bias  Hendricks,  of  Easl  Pennsborough;  James  Ihsart.  of  Hopewell; 
John  Potter,  of  Antrim;  John  McCormick,  of  I la  I  Pennsborough;  William 
Trindle,  of  East  Pennsborough;  Andrew  Miller,  of  Fast  Pennsborough:  Charles 
MoGill,  of  Guilford;  John  Winton,  of  Peter-;  John  Mitchell,  of  East  Penns- 
borough;  ensigns  John  Lesan,  John  Thompson,  of  Hopewell;  Walter  Davis, 
of  Middleton;  Joseph  Irwin,  of  Hopewell;  John  Anderson,  of  Past  Penns 
borough;  John  Randalls,  of  Antrim;  Samuel  Fisher,  of  East  Pennsboi 

Marr.  of  Past  Pennsborough:   George   Tirenan.   Robert  Meek,  of   Hope- 
well;   James    Wilkey.    of     Peters,     and     Adam     Hayes,    of    West    Pennsborough. 

No  invasions  of  what  is  now  Cumberland  County  occurred,  and  no  murders  of 
citizens  of  this  immediate  valley  are  recorded  during  this  period. 


48  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

The  home  government  were  in  doubt  about  the  legality  and  expediency  of 
these  associated  organizations,  but  their  doubts  were  easily  removed,  and  the 
council,  in  a  letter  to  the  proprietaries  dated  July  30,  1748,  said:  "The  zeal  and 
industry,  the  skill  and  regularity  of  the  officers  have  surprised  every  one, 
though  it  has  been  for  them  a  hard  service.  The  whole  has  been  attended  by 
such  expense,  care  and  fatigue  as  would  not  have  been  borne  or  undertaken  by 
any  who  were  not  warm  and  sincere  friends  of  the  government,  and  true  lovers 
of  their  country.  In  short,  we  have  by  this  means,  in  the  opinion  of  most  stran- 
gers, the  best  militia  in  America;  so  that,  had  the  war  continued,  we  should 
have  been  in  little  pain  about  any  futare  enterprises  of  our  enemies.  'W  hatever 
opinion  lawyers  or  others  not  fully  acquainted  with  our  unhappy  circum- 
stances may  entertain  of  it,  it  is  in  our  opinion  one  of  the  wisest  and  most  useful 
measures  that  was  ever  undertaken  in  any  country."  The  peace  of  Aix-la- 
Chapelle,  in  October,  1748,  did  not  affect  the  American  colonies,  for  the 
French  continued  to  erect  forts  and  take  other  steps  until  war  was  precipitated 
in  1753. 

In  what  is  at  present  Cumberland  County,  forts— in  some^  instances  mere 
tradincr-houses — were  erected  at  various  times  from  1753  to   1764,  and  so  far 
as  now  known  were  as  follows:  Fort  Le  Tort,  a  trading  house   near  Carlisle, 
1753;  FortLouther,  at  Carlisle,  1753;  Fort  Croghan,  a  trading-house,  eight 
miles  up  the  Conodoguinet    from  Harris'   ferry,   where   the  veteran  trader, 
George  Croghan.  resided;  Fort  Franklin,  at  Shippensburg,  said  to  have  been 
commenced  in  1755;  Fort  Morris,  at  Shippensburg,  1755;  Forts  Dickey,  Fer- 
guson and  McAllister,  all  in  1 761.     (These  are  on  authority  of  an  historical  map 
of  Pennsylvania  issued  by  the  Pennsylvania  Historical  Society.)     The  defeat 
of  Gen.  Braddock  on  the  Monongahela,  July  9,  1755.  left  the  frontier  m  a 
oreatly  exposed  condition,  and  the  people  were  quick  to  apprehend  their  dan- 
Gov.  Morris   visited  Carlisle   July   10,  1755,  for  the  purpose  of  sending  on 
supplies  to  Braddock  and  encouraging  the  people  in  the  midst  cf  their  panic 
over  various  Indian  depredations  and  the  removal  of  troops  for  their   protec- 
tion  from  the  valley,  and  while  there  learned  of  the  disastrous  end  of  Brad- 
dock's  expedition.    "  The  troops  in  Pennsylvania  were  sent  north,  and  the  prov- 
ince was  left  to  take  care  of  itself  as  best  it  could.     Large  quantities  of  pro- 
visions  had  been  accumulated  at   Shippensburg,   Carlisle  and  other  points, 
which  the  retreating  army  had  no  pressing  need  for,  and  it  was  well  for  the 
inhabitants  of  the  valley.      Work  on  the  military  road,  elsewhere  described, 
was  abandoned,  and  the  people  looked  to  the  future  with  dire  forebodings. 
"News  of  contemplated  attacks  upon  the  settlements  along  the  frontier   from 
the  Delaware  to  the  Maryland  and  Virginia  line  came  upon  the  people  in 
quick  succession,  and  some  actual  massacres,  burnings  and  captivities  were 
reported  from  the  south,  west  and  north.      Even  before  Braddock' s  defeat,  and 
when  that  general  with  his  army  had  gone  only  thirty  miles  from  Fort  Cum- 
berland, a   party  of  100  Indians,  under  the  notorious  Shingas,  came  to  the 
Bio-  Cove  and  to  the  Conoloways  (creeks  on  the  border  of  Maryland  in  what  is 
now  Fulton  County)  and  killed  and  took  prisoners  about  thirty  people,  and  drove 
the  remainder  from  their  homes.  "*    The  fugitives  spread  the  news,  and  terror  and 
consternation  resulted  among  the  inhabitants  of  the  region,  not  lessened  when 
warning  was  given  that  an  attack  had  been  planned  against  Shearman  s  \  alley 
and  the  settlements  here.      ' '  John  Potter, "  says  Wing,  ' '  the  sheriff  of  Cumber- 
land County,  who  resided  in  the  vicinity  which  had  been  ravaged,  gathered  some 
companies  to  resist  the  assailants,  but  it  was  only  to  witness  the  burning  build- 
ings, bury  the  dead  and  form  a  gathering  of  the  fugitives;  the  nimble  foe  was 

*By  Dr.  Wing,  from  Pennsylvania  Archives,  Vol.  II,  p.  375. 


HI8T0R1   OF  CI  MBERLAND  COl  vn  .9 

always  at  a  distant a  some  other  depredations  before  the  pursuers  reached 

an]  point  where  the]  had  1 o.     James  Smith  (a   brother-in  law   of  William 

Smith,  the  justice  doner  on  the  road),  ;i  youth  of  eighteen,  had 

been  captured  with  several  others  while  engaged  in  conveying  pro\  isions  along 
the  road,  and  a  still  larger  number  np  the  river  Susquehanna  was  slain  and 
driven  in.     Twentj  Beven   plantations  were  reported  as  utterly  desolated  in 

the  southwestern  part  of  this  vallej   and   vicinity,  and   no   prospect   Beei 1  to 

be  before  the  | pie  bul  that  of  being  given  up  to  ihe  w  ill  of  the  savages." 

When  Gov.  Morris  learned  in  Carlisle  of  Braddock's  defeat  he  was  im 
portuned  bj  the  people  to  take  ome  steps  for  their  protection.  Ho  issued 
writs  to  summon  to  a  meeting  on  the  23d  of  July  a1  Philadelphia,  to  devise 

to  defend  the  frontier  and  provide  f or  the  expense;  and  upon  request 
of  the  people  laid  out  ground  for  wooden  forts  at  Carlisle  i  nsburg, 

rders  to  have  them  built  and  supplied  with  arms  and  ammunition. 

He  at  the  same  time  encouraged  the  Inhabitants  to  form  associations  for  their 
own  defense,  and  they  scarcely  needed  a  second  bidding.  Four  companies  of 
militin  wen'  formed  and  supplied  with  powder  and  lead.  John  Armstrong  and 
William  Buchanan,  of  Carlisle,  Justice  William  Maxwell,  of  Peters. Alexander 
Culbertson,  of  Lurgan,  and  Joseph  Armstrong,  of  Hamilton  Townships,  1 1 1 
supplies  to  distribute  among  the  inhabitants.  There  was  great  danger  from  the 
enem}  at  the  upper  end  of  the  valley,  though  no  locality  was  safe.     Pel 

the  governor  by  aumerous  citizens  in  the  valley,  showing  their  in 
ability  to  provide  adequate  protection  tor  themselves,  and  calling  upon  him 
for  assistance.     The  people  at  Shippenaburg  offered  to  finish  a  fori  begun  on 
der  the  late  governor  if  they  mighl   be  allowed   men   and   ammunition  to  de- 
fend it. 

Dr.  Egle  in  his  History  of  Pennsylvania  (pp.  Nil   '.•* h.  says:     "The  eonster 

at  Braddock's  defeat  was  verj   great  in  Pennsylvania.     The  retreat  of 
Dunbar  left  the  whole  frontier  uncovered;  whilst   the  inhabitants,  unarmed 

and  undisciplined,  wen mpelled  hastily  to  seek  the  means  of  defense  or  of 

flight.  In  describing  the  exposed  state  of  the  province  and  the  miseries 
which  threatened  it,  the  governor  had  occasion  to  be  entirely  satisfied  with 
his  own  eloquence:  and   had  his  resolution  to  defend  it  equaled  the  earnest- 

■    his  appeal   to  the  Assembly,  the  people  might    have  been  spared  much 

suffering.     The  Assembly  immediately  voted  £50,000  to  the  King's  use.  to  be 

raised  by  a  tax  of  12  pence  per  pound,  and  20  shillings  per  head,  yearly,  for  two 

is,  real  and  personal,  throughout  the  province,  the  proprie 

tary estate  not  excepted.  This  was  not  in  accordance  with  the  proprietary  in 
Btructions,  and  therefore  returned  by  the  governor.  In  the  long  discussions 
which  ensued  between  the  two  branches  of  government,  the  people  began  to  he- 
alarmed,  as  the\  beheld  with  dread  the  procrastination  of  the  measures 
for  defense,  and  earnestly  demanded  aims  and  ammunition.  The  enemy,  long 
restrained  by  fear  of  another  attack,  and  scarcely  crediting  his  senses  when  he 
ired  the  defenseless  state  of  the  frontiers,  now  roamed  unmolested  and 
fearlessly  along  the  western  lines  of  Virginia,  .Maryland  and  Pennsylvania, 
committing  the  most  appalling  outrages  and  wanton  cruelties  which  the  cupidity 
and  ferocity  of  the  savage  could  dictate.     The  first  inroads  into  Pennsylvania 

were  in  Cumberland  (Jountv,  whence  they  were  soon  extended  to  the  Susoue 
hanna.  The  inhabitant-,  dwelling  at  the  distance  of  from  one  to  three  mi  lea 
apart,  fell  unresistingly,  were  captured  or  Bled  in  terroi  to  the  interior  settle 
uieiits.  The  main  body  of  the  enemy  encamped  on  the  Susquehanna,  thirty 
miles  above  Harris'  ferry,  whence  they  extended  themselves  on  both  side-  the 
river,  below  the  Kittatinnv  Mountains.     The  settlements  tit  the  Great  Cove 


50  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

in  Cumberland  County,  now  Fulton,  were  destroyed,  and  many  of  the  inhabi- 
tants slaughtered  or  made  captives,  and  the  same  fate  fell  upon  Tulpehocken, 
upon  Mahanoy  and  Gnadenhutten. " 

As  an  illustration  of  the  desperate  strait  the  people  were  in,  the  follow- 
ing letter,  written  to  the  governor  by  John  Harris,  of  Harris'  ferry,  October 
29  1755,  is  quoted:  "We  expect  the  enemy  upon  lis  every  day,  and  the  in- 
habitants are  abandoning  their  plantations,  being  greatly  discouraged  at  the 
approach  of  such  a  number  of  cruel  savages,  and  no  sign  of  assistance.  The 
Indians  are  cutting  us  off  every  day,  and  I  had  a  certain  account  of  about 
1  500  Indians,  besides  French,  being  on  their  march  against  us  and  Virginia, 
and  now  close  on  our  borders,  their  scouts  scalping  our  families  on  our  fron- 
tiers daily.  Andrew  Montour  and  others  at  Shamokin  desired  me  to  take  care; 
that  there  was  forty  Indians  out  many  days,  and  intended  to  burn  my  house 
and  destroy  my  family.  I  have  this  day  cut  holes  in  my  house,  and  it  is  de- 
termined to  hold  out  to  the  last  extremity  if  I  can  get  some  men  to  stand  by 
me,  few  of  which  I  yet  can  at  present,  every  one  being  in  fear  of  their  own 
families  being  cut  off  every  hour;  such  is  our  situation.  I  am  informed  that 
a  French  officer  was  expected  at  Shamokin  this  week  with  a  party  of  Delawares 
and  Shawnese,  no  doubt  to  take  possession  of  our  river;  and,  as  to  the  state  of 
the  Susquehanna  Indians,  a  great  part  of  them  are  actually  in  the  French  in- 
terest; but  if  we  should  raise  such  a  number  of  men  immediately  as  would  be 
able  to  take  possession  of  some  convenient  place  up  the  Susquehanna,  and 
build  a  strong  fort  in  spite  of  French  or  Indians,  perhaps  some  Indians  may 
ioin  us,  but  it  is  trusting  to  uncertainty  to  depend  upon  them,  in  my  opinion. 
We  ought  to  insist  on  the  Indians  declaring  either  for  or  against  us.  As  soon 
as  we  are  prepared  for  them,  we  must  bid  up  for  scalps  and  keep  the  woods  full 
of  our  own  people  hunting  them,  or  they  will  ruin  our  province,  for  they  are  a 
dreadful  enemy.  We  impatiently  look  for  assistance.  I  have  sent  out  two 
Indian  spies  to  Shamokin.  They  are  Mohawks,  and  I  expect  they  will  return 
in  a  day  or  two.  Consider  our  situation,  and  rouse  your  people  downward, 
and  do  not  let  about  1.500  villains  distress  such  a  number  of  inhabitants  as  is 
in  Pennsylvania,  which  actually  they  will,  if  they  possess  our  provisions  and 
frortier  long,  as  they  now  have  many  thousands  of  bushels  of  our  corn  and 
wheat  in  possession  already,  for  the  inhabitants  goes  off  and  leaves  all.  * 
Gov  Morris,  moved  by  the  sad  tidings  from  the  frontier,  summoned 
the  Assembly  to  meet  November  3,  (1755),  when  he  demanded  money  and 
a  militia  law,  after  laying  before  the  body  an  account  of  the  proceedings  of 
the  enemy  Petitions  were  constantly  coming  in  for  arms  and  ammunition, 
and  askino-  for  the  taking  of  such  steps  as  should  carry  out  the  Governor  s 
ideas  and  "afford  protection  to  the  inhabitants.  With  the  Indians  committing 
depredations  on  the  south  side  of.  the  Blue  Mountains,  the  obstinate  Assembly 
"fooled  alon<?"  as  if  there  were  no  necessity  for  action.  The  proprietaries 
made  a  donation  of  £5,000,  and  the  Assembly  finally  passed  a  bill  for  the  is- 
suance of  £30,000  in  bills  of  credit,  based  upon  the  excise,  which  was  approved 
by  the  Governor.  The  people  held  public  meetings  in  various  places  to  de- 
vise means  to  bring  the  Assembly  to  its  senses,  and  the  dead  and  mangled 
bodies  of  some  of  the  victims  of  savage  cruelty  were  sent  to  Philadelphia  and 
hauled  about  the  streets,  with  placards  announcing  that  they  were  victims  of 
the  "Quaker  policy  of  non-resistance."  The  province  of  Pennsylvania  erect- 
ed a  chain  of  forts  and  block-houses  along  the  Kittatmny  Hills,  from  the 
Delaware  to  the  Maryland  line,  and  garrisoned  them  with  twenty  to  seventy- 
five  men  each.      The  whole  expense  was  £85,000,  and  the  principal  mountain 

*Egle's  History  of  Pennsylvania,  pp.  90-91. 


BISTORT  OS  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY.  51 

passes  were  guarded  b]  them.  Benjamin  Franklin  and  hie  bod  \\  illiam  were 
leading  spirits  and  raised  BOO  men,  with  whom  Uiej  marohedto  the  frontier 
and  assisted  in  garrisoning  the  forte. 

■  30,    1755,  ah. nit   eighteen  oitusens   mel    at  the  residence  of   Mr, 

Shippen,  of  Shippensburg,  pursuanl  to  a  call  !>_\  Sheriff  John  Potter,  and  re 
solved  to  bnild  five  forts:  one  at  Carlisle,  Shippensburg,  Benjamin  Chambers', 
Bteel's  meeting-house  and  William  Allison's,  respectively.  Fori  Louther  at 
Carlisle,  had  existed  in  an  uncompleted  state  since  1753,  and  Fori  Franklin, 
which  stood  in  the  northeastern  part  of  Shippensburg.  was  begun  as  earh  ■> 

L740.     The  latter  was  a  log  structure,  and  its  ruins  were  torn  down  al I 

Iforris,  commenced  after  the  meeting  of  citizens  above  alluded 
to,  was  nol  finished  until  the  1  itli  of  December  following,  although  LOO  men 
worked  upon  u  "with  hear!  and  hand"  every  day.  It  was  1  milt  on  a  rook] 
hill  at  the  western  end  of  town,  of  small  stones,  the  walls  being  two  feet  thick 
and  laid  in  mortar.  A  portion  of  this  fori  was  in  existence  until  1836,  when 
it  was  torn  down,  It-  construction  was  carried  on  during  an  exciting  period. 
ranklin,  the  log  structure,  was  enlarged  by  the  addition  of  Beveral  sec- 
and  in  1755  had  a  garrison  of  fifty  men.  Kdwar.l  Shippen,  writing  to 
William  Allen  June  o<i.  1755,  tells  of  murders  committed  by  the  Indians 
"  near  our  f.  irt. ' 

Twenty   live  companies  of  militia,  numbering  altogether    1,100  men.  were 

md  equipped  tor  the  defense  of  the  frontier.  The  second  battalion, 
comprising  700  men,  ami  stationed  west  of  the  Susquehanna,  was  commanded 
h_\  Col  John  Armstrong,  of  Carlisle.  His  subordinates  were,  captains.  Hans 
Hamilton.  John  Potter,  Eugh  Mercer,  George  Armstrong,  Edward  Ward. 
Joseph  Armstrong  ami  Robert  Callender;  lieutenants,  William  Thompson, 
.lame-  Have-,  .lame-  Hogg,  William  Lrmstrong  and  .lame-  Bolliday;  en 
signs.  James  Potter,  ■John  Prentice,  Thomas  Smallman,  William  Lyon  and 
Nathaniel  Cart  land. 

•  forts  were  built  by  the  province,  west  of  the  Susquehanna,  viz.:  Fort 
Lyttleton,  in  th.'  northern  part  of  what  i-  now  Fulton  County;  Fort  Shirley  at 
Angharich,  the  residence  of  George  Croghan,  where  Shirleysburg  now  is,  in 
Huntingdon  County;  Fori  Granville,  near  the  confluence  of  the  Juniata  and 
Kishicoipiilla-.  in  Milllin  County,  and  I'omf'ret  Castle  on  the  Mahautango 
Creek,  nearly  midway  between  Fori  Granville  and  Fori  Augusta  (Sunbury), 
on  the  south  line  of  Snyder  County,  ("apt.  Hans  Hamilton  commanded  Fort 
Lyttleton;  Capt.  Hugh  Mercer,  Fori  Shirley,  subsequenl  to  the  resignation  of 
Capt  George  Croghan;  Col.  •lames  Burd,  Fori  Granville,  and  Col.  James 
Patterson,  Pomfrel  Castle.  These  forts  wore  too  far  fr.  .m  considerable  settle- 
ments to  be  effectual,  and  in  IToO  John  Armstrong  advised  the  building  of 
:  line  along  the  Cumberland  Valley,  with  one  at  Carlisle.  The  old  fort 
Fori  Louther)  at  Carlisle  was  simply  a  Btockade  of  logs,  with  loop-holes  for 
muskets,  an. I  swivel  guns  at  each  corner  of  the  fort.  In  L755  it  was  garris 
oned  by  fifty  men:  it  probably  received  its  name  in  L756.  Other  forte  were 
:  in  th.-  valley;  outside  of  what  is  now  Cumberland  County,  and  Col. 
John  Armstrong  was  at  the  head  of  the  military  operations.  In  17~>7  breast 
work- were  erected  by  Col.  Stauwix.  northeast  of  Carlisle,  near  the  present 
Indian  school  (old  United  States  barracks).      Col.  Stanwix  wrote  to   Secretary 

July  '_'•">.    17"'7.  as  follows:       "Am  at  work  at  my  intreiichment.  i 

it  such  large  and  frequent  parti.-,  with  other  neccessary  duties,  can  only 
-pare   about    seventy     workingrucn  a  day.  and  these  have  very  often  been  inter 
rupted  by  frequent  and  violent  gusts,  bo  thai  we  make  but  a  small  figui 
and  the  first   month  was  entirely  taken   up   in   clearing  the  ground,  which  was 


52  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

full  of  monstrous  stumps.     Have  built  myself  a  hut  in  camp,  where  the  cap- 
tains and  I  live  together."  * 

An  early  writer  (1757)  upon  the  mode  of  warfare  adopted  by  the  Indians 
thus  describes  their  maneuvres:      "  They  come  within  a  little  way  of  that  part 
they  intend  to  strike,  and  encamp  in  the  most  remote  place  they  can  fand  to  be 
quite  free  from  discovery;  the  next  day  they  send  one,  or  sometimes  two   of 
their  nimble  voung  fellows  down  to  different  places  to  view  the  situation  of  the 
town    the  number  of  people  at  each  house,   the  places  the  people  most  fre- 
quent, and  to  observe  at  each  house  whether  there  are  most  men  or  women. 
They  will  lie  about  a  house  several  days  and  nights  watching  like  a  wolf.      As 
soon  as  these  spies  return  they  march  in  the  night  in  small  parties  of  two, 
three    four  or  rive,  each  party  having  a  house  for  attack,  and  each  being  more 
than  sufficient  for  the  purpose  intended.      They  arrive  at  their  different  desti- 
nations long  before  day,  and  make  their  attack  about  day-break,  and  seldom 
fail  to  kill  or  make  prisoners  of  the  whole  family,  as  the  people  know  noth- 
ing of  the  matter  until  they  are  thus  labyrinthed.    It  is  agreed  that  the  moment 
each  party  has  executed  its  part  they  shall  retreat  with  their  prisoners  and 
scalps  to  the  remote  place  of  rendezvous  which  they  left  the  night  before.      As 
soon  as  they  are  thus  assembled  they  march  all  that  day  (and  perhaps  the  next 
ni^ ht,  in  a  body  if  apprehensive  of  being  pursued)  directly  for  the  Ohio,      per- 
haps at  some  of  these  houses  thus  attacked  some  of  the  people  may  be  fortu- 
nate enough  to  escape;  these  as  soon  as  the  Indians  are  gone,  alarm  the  forts 
and  the  country  around,   when  a  detachment,  if  possible,  propose  to  pursue  the 
enemy      But  as  the  whole  or  the  chief  part  of  the  day  is  spent  in  assembling, 
taking  counsel,  and  setting  out  on  the  expedition,  the  Indians,  having  eight  or 
ten  hours  the  start,  cannot  be  overtaken,  and  they  return  much  fatigued  and 
obliged  to  put  up  with  their  loss.     Upon  this  the  chief  part  of  inhabitants  ad- 
jacent to  the  place  fly,  leaving  their  habitations  and  all  they  have,  whde  per- 
haps a  few  determine  to  stay,  choosing  rather  to  take  the  chance  of  dying  by 
the  enemy  than  to  starve  by  leaving  their  all.      These  must  be  constantly  on 
the  watch,  and  cannot  apply  themselves  to   any  industry,  but  live  as  long  as 
thev  can  upon  what  thev  have  got.      The  Indians  avoid  coming  nigh  that  place 
for 'some  time,  and  will  make  their  next  attack  at  a  considerable  distance,  where 
the  people  are  not  thinking  of  danger.      By  and  by  the  people  who  had  fled 
from  the  first  place,  hearing  of  no  encroachments  in  that  quarter,  are  obliged, 
through  necessity,  to  return  to  their  habitations  again  and  live  in  their  former 
security.      Then  in  due  time  the  Indians  will  give  them  a  second  stroke  with 
as  much  success  as  the  first." 

The  autumn  of  1755  was  fraught  with  terror  to  the  citizens  of  Carlisle  and 
vicinity.  November  2,  John  Armstrong  wrote  Gov.  Morris:  '"lam  of  the 
opinion  that  no  other  means  than  a  chain  of  block-houses  along  or  near  the 
south  side  of  the  Kittatinny  Mountain,  from  Susquehanna  to  the  temporary 
line,  can  secure  the  lives  and  properties  of  the  old  inhabitants  of  this  county; 
the 'new  settlements  being  all  fled  except  those  in  Shearman's  Valley,  who, 
if  God  do  not  preserve  them,  we  fear  will  suffer  very  soon."  Armstrong 
wrote  the  same  day  to  Richard  Peters  as  follows: 

Carlisle,  Sunday  night,  November  2,  1755.  _ 
Dear  Sir:— Inclosed  to  Mr.  Allen,  by  the  last  post,  I  send  you  a  letter  from  Harris'; 
but  I  believe  forgot,  through  that  day's  confusion,  to  direct,  it,  .    . 

you  will  see^our  melancholy  circumstances  by  the  Governor's  letter,  and  my  opinion 
of  the  method  of  keeping  the  inhabitants  in  this  country,  which  will  require  all  possible 
despatch.  If  we  had  immediate  assurance  of  relief  a  great  number  would  stay,  and  the 
inhabitants  should  be  advertised  not  to  drive  off  nor  waste  their  beef  cattle,  etc.  I  have 
*By  a  letter  from  Col.  Armstrong  dated  Jane  30, 1757.  it  is  known  that  Col.  Stanwix  had  begun  these  in- 
trenchments  shortly  previous  to  that  date. 


r. 


</<? 


HISTORY  OF  CI  MBERLAN1 Mi  55 

do)  to  much  u  s.ni  off  my  wife,  rearing  an  ill   precedent,  but  must  <  1<>  it  now.  I 
i  with  t in-  public  papers  and  your  "u  a 
Tin  re  are  do  Inhabitants  on  Juniata  nor  on  Tuscarora  bj  this  time,  mj  brothei  Will 
lam  being  just  come  in.     Montour  and  Monaghatootha  ...       The 

former  la  greatly  suspected  of  being  an  enemy  in  his  hi  d  to  tell    you  can  com 

pare  what  they  aaj  to  thi  Governor  with  what  I  have  wrote     [havi  no  d 
army,  but  of  great  danger  from  scouting  parties. 

January   L5  22,  L756,  another  [ndian  treat]  of  amit]  was  held  at  Carliafe, 
when  Gov.  Morris,  Richard  Peters,  Jame    Hamilton,  William   Logan,   Joseph 

e  Assembly)  and  Q ge  Croghan  (interpreter) 

were  present.      Bnl  Beven  Indians  onlj  were  present,  including  one  chief  from 
the  Six  Nations  and  one  i  a  portion  of  the  Delawares.     tfeverthe 

LesB)  it  was  found  that  the  hostile  savages  were  confined  to  the  Delawares  and 
Bhawanese  tribes,  and  even  among  them  there  was  a  considerable  minority  op 
to  the  war.     Alter  taking  all  matters  int  ation  it  was  decided 

l>y  the  Governor  to  issue  tt  declaration  of  war  against  the  Delawares,  tin'  Shaw 

anese  not  being  included,  because  it  was  hoped  they  might  be  brought  back  to 
their  former  homes.     Therefore,  on  the   I  Mi  of  April,   L756,  a  proclai 
of  war  was  published  against  the  Delaware  Indians  and  all  who  were  bacon 
ij  with  them,  exceptinga  ten  who  had  come  within  the  border  and  were 
living  in  peace      Bj  advice  of  the  Assembly's  commissioners,  who  deemed  anj 

Steps,  however  extreme,   wise  when  the  punishment  of  the  savages  and  the  ct's". 
Batdon  of  hostilities  was  the  object,  rewards  were  offered  as  follows,  as  shown 

bj  the  colonial  r rds:    *'  For  everj  male  [ndian  enemy  above  twelve  years  of 

age,  who  shall  be  taken  prisoner  and  be  delivered  at  any  fort  garrisoned  bj  the 

troops  in  the  pay  of  this  province,  or  at  any  of  the  county  towns  to  the  beep 

the  common  jails,  there  shall  be  paid  the  sum  of  one  hundred  and  fiftj 

Spanish  dollars  or  pi s  of  eight;  for  the  scalp  of  every  male  Indian  enenn 

above  the  age  of  twelve  years,   produ I  as  evidence  of  their  being  killed,  the 

sum  of  one  hundred  and  thirtj  pi of  eight;  for  even  female  Indian  takei 

r  sud  brought  in  as  aforesaid,  and  for  ever]  male  Indian  prisoner  under 
■  if  twelve  years,  taken  and  brought  in  as  aforesaid,  onehundred  and 
thirty  pieces  of  eight;  for  the  scalp  of  ever)  Indian  woman,  produced  as  evi 
denoe  of  their  being  balled,   the  sum  of  fifty  pieces  of  eight,  and  for  every 
Bnglisri  i   has  been  taken  and  carried  from  this  province  into  cap- 

tivity that  shall  be  recovered  and  brought  in.  and  delivered  at  the  i 
Philadelphia  to  the  governor  of  this  province,  the  sum  of  one  hundred  and 
fifty  pieces  of  eight,  but  nothing  for  their  scalps,  and  that  there  shall  be  paid 
to  everj  officer  or  Boldier  as  are  or  shall  be  in  the  pay  of  this  province,  who 
shall  redeem  and  deliver  any  English  subject  curried  into  captivity  as  aforesaid, 
or  shall  take,  bring  in  and  produce  an]  enemy,  prisoner  or  Bcalp  as  afi  - 
one  half  of  the  said  several  and  respective  premiums  and  bounties."  Vm  fev< 
rewards  were  claimed  under  this  proclamation,  and  it  was  not  considered  prob 
able  that  any  Indians  were  killed  for  the  sake  of   procuring  the  bounty. 

The  proclamation  issued  in  May,  1756,  subsequent  to  that  against  the  Del- 
aware-, declaring  war  against  France,  was  hardly  necessary  so  far  as  the  Amei 
icon  territory  was  concerned  for,  notwithstanding  the  treat]   of  An  la  ('ha 

pelle  in  1  i  18,  the  French  had  kept  up  their  movements  in  this mtry,  build 

ing  forta  and  inciting  the  Indian-  to  commit  outrages  upon  the  English  set 
Uements,  and  winning  the  savages  over  to  their  own  standards  by  arts  well 
plied 

The  year  1756  was  a  dark  one  for  the  colonists,  to  whom  the  terrible  ei 
periences  of   Indian  warfare   were   nothing  new.      Murders   were  committed  in 
what  was  then  Cumberland  County  but  now  Bedford,  Union.  Franklin,  Dauph 


56  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

in  Perry  and  others,  the  leading  spirits  among  the  Indians  being  Shingas  and 
Capt.  Jacobs.  Samuel  Bell,  residing  on  the  Stony  Kidge,  five  miles  below  Car- 
lisle, had  a  lively  experience,  which  is  thus  told  by  Loudon:  "Some  time  after 
Gen.  Braddock's  defeat,  he  and  his  brother,  James  Bell,  agreed  to  go  into 
Shearman's  Valley  to  hunt  for  deer,  and  were  to  meet  at  Croghan's  (now  Ster- 
ret's)  Gap,  on  the  Blue  Mountain.  By  some  means  or  other  they  did  not  meet, 
and  Samuel  slept  all  night  in  a  cabin  belonging  to  Mr.  Patton,  on  Shearman's 
Creek.  In  the  morning  he  had  not  traveled  far  before  he  spied  three  Indians, 
who  at  the  same  time  saw  him.  They  all  fired  at  each  other;  he  wounded  one 
of  the  Indians,  but  received  no  damage  except  through  his  clothes  by  the  balls. 
Several  shots  were  fired  on  both  sides,  as  each  took  a  tree.  He  took  out 
his  tomahawk  and  stuck  it  into  the  tree  behind  which  he  stood,  so  that  should 
they  approach  he  might  be  prepared;  the  tree  was  grazed  with  the  Indians' 
balls,  and  he  had  thoughts  of  making  his  escape  by  flight,  but  on  reflection 
had  doubts  of  his  being  able  to  outrun  them.  After  some  time  the  two  Indians 
took  the  wounded  one  and  put  him  over  a  fence,  and  one  took  one  course  and 
the  other  another,  taking  a  compass,  so  that  he  could  no  longer  screen  himself 
by  the  tree ;  but  by  trying  to  ensnare  him  thay  had  to  expose  themselves,  by  which 
means  he  had  the  good  fortune  to  shoot  one  of  them  dead.  The  other  ran  and 
took  the  dead  Indian  on  his  back,  one  leg  over  each  shoulder.  By  this  time 
Bell's  gun  was  again  loaded.  He  then  ran  after  the  Indian  until  he  came 
within 'about  four  yards  from  him,  fired  and  shot  through  the  dead  Indian  and 
lodged  his  ball  in  the  other,  who  dropped  the  dead  man  and  ran  off.  On  his 
return,  coming  past  the  fence  where  the  wounded  Indian  was,  he  dispatched 
him  bvit  did  not  know  that  he  had  killed  the  third  Indian  until  his  bones  were 
found  afterward." 

February  15,  1756,  William  Trent,  in  writing  from  Carlisle,  stated  that 
' '  several  murders  or  captures  and  house  burnings  had  taken  place  under  Par- 
nell's  Knob,  and  that  all  the  people  between  Carlisle  and  the  North  Mountain 
had  fled  from  their  homes  and  come-  to  town,  or  were  gathered  into  the  little 
forts,  that  the  people  in  Shippensburg  were  moving  their  families  and  effects, 
and  that  everybody  was  preparing  to  fly."*  Shingas  kept  the  upper  end  of 
the  county  in  a  state  of  terror,  and  fresh  outrages  were  reported  daily.  The 
Indians  killed,  indiscriminately,  men,  women  and  children,  and  received  rewards 
from  the  French  for  their  scalps;  they  boasted  that  they  killed  fifty  white  peo- 
ple for  each  Indian  slain  by  the  English.  Inhabitants  of  the  Great  Cove  fled 
from  their  homes  in  November,  with  the  crackling  of  their  burning  roofs  and 
the  yells  of  the  Indians  ringing  in  their  ears.  John  Potter,  formerly  sheriff, 
sheltered  at  his  house  one  night  100  fleeing  women  and  children.  The  cries 
of  the  widows  and  fatherless  children  were  pitiful,  and  those  who  had  for- 
tunately escaped  with  their  lives  had  neither  food,  bedding  nor  clothing  to 
cover  their  nakedness,  everything  having  been  consumed  in  their  burning 
dwellings.  ' '  Fifty  persons, ' '  so  it  is  recorded,  ' '  were  killed  or  taken  prisoners. 
One  woman,  over  ninety  years  of  age,  was  found  lying  dead  with  her  breasts 
torn  off  and  a  stake  driven  through  her  body.  The  infuriated  savages  caught 
up  little  children  and  dashed  their  brains  out  against  the  door-posts  in  presence 
of  their  shrieking  mothers,  or  cut  off  their  heads  and  drank  their  warm  blood. 
Wives  and  mothers  were  tied  to  trees  that  they  might  witness  the  tortures  and 
death  of  their  husbands  and  children,  and  then  were  carried  into  a  captivity 
from  which  few  ever  returned.  Twenty-seven  houses  were  burned,  a  great 
number  of  cattle  were  killed  or  driven  off,  and  out  of  the  ninety-three  families 
settled  in  the  two  coves  and  by  the  Conolloway' s,  members  of  forty-seven  fam- 

*Dr.  WiDg,  from  Pennsylvania  Archives. 


HI8T0R1   OF  CI  MBBB1  ani>  OOOHTT.  :,7 

Qiee  were  either  killed  or  captured  and  the  remainder  fled,  so  thai  these  settle 
ments  were  entirely  broken  up."     Small  wonder  that  such  oirci 
cited  the  people  of  the  Cumberland  Valley!     Preparations  were  made  a 
pensburg  and  Carlisle,  where  the  people  flocked  in  such  numbers  as  to  crowd 
the  houses,  to  give  the  enemj  a  warm  reception,   and  LOO  men  (of  whom  200 
were  from  this  part  of  the  valley)  marched  under  the  command  of  Hans  Ham 
ilton,  sheriff  of  York  County,  to  McDowell's  Mill,  in  Franklin  County,  a  few 
miles  from  the  scene  of  the  slaughter,  but   the   Indians  had  retreated.      Be\ 
John  Steel,  pastor  of  the  "Old  White  Church,"  ofl  pper  Wesl  Conocooheague] 
raised  a  company  among  bis  parishioners  for  defense  arch  and  indi- 

vidual property  in  1755,  and  was  commissioned  captain.    The  church  wa 
ward  burned,  the  congregation  scattered,  and  Mr.   Steel  removed  to  Carlisle 
in  1758. 

April  2,  L756,  a  body  of  Indians  attacked  and  burned  McCord'a  fort,  on  the 
ue.inwhat  Frankli    County,  killing  and  capturing  a  total 

of  twenfrj  seven   pei  01  I        al  rm  extended  to  Shippensburg,   and  three 

companies  were  raised  in  various  pan.  of  the  valley,  for  the  pursuit  and  pun 
ishment  of  the  marauders,  commanded  respectivelj  bj  Capte.  Culbertson, 
Chambers  and  Hamilton  Capt.  Alex  Culbertson' s  companj  with  nineteen 
men  from  the  other  two,  overtook  the  Indians  west  of  Sideling  Hill  and  a  fight 
ensued  which  lasted  two  hours.  The  Indiana,  from  the  report  made  !>■. 
their  number  who  was  captured,  lost  seventeen  killed  and  twenty  one  wot 
The  whites  suffered  severely.  Among  those  killed  were  Capt.  Culbertson] 
J"1"'  Reyno  of  ('apt.  Chambers'  company),  William  Kerr,  James 

Blair.   John   Leason,    William    Denny,    Francis    Scott,   William    Boyd, 
Paynter,  Jacob  Jones,  Robert  Kerr  and  William  Chambers;  wounded,  Francis 
Campbell,  Abraham  Jones,  William   Reynolds,    i  t.  Benjamin  Blvth. 

John  Mcl '       i  I     id  Isaac  Miller. 

Another  party,  commanded  bj  Ensign  Jamison,  from  Fort  Granville,  under 
Capt  Hamilton,  in  pursuit  of  the  same  Indians,  had  about  the  same  experience. 
Daniel  McCoy,  James  Robinson,  James  Peace,  John  Blair.  Henry 
J. .nes.  John  McCartj  and  John  Kelly,  killed;  and  Ensign  Jamison.  James 
Robinson,  William  Hunter.  Matthias  Ganshora,  William  Swails  and 
I  .  wounded     the  hitter  afterward  died  of  his  wounds.     Most  of  these 

men    were    from    the    oldest    and    most    respectable    families    in    Cum! 
County. 

All  around  the  settlements  in  this  county  outrages  were  frequent  and  the 
number  of  lives  taken  was  appalling,  considering  the  sparsely  settled  condition 
of  the  country  Bands  of  Indians  even  ventured  within  a  few  miles  of  Car- 
lisle.    The  military  were  employe,]  m  protecting  men  harvesting  their  crops 

in  L756,  ami  it  was  necessary  for  all  persons  to  be  ever  on  the  alert  t aard 

against  surprise  and  attack.     In  June.  1756,  a  Mr.  Dean,  living  about  a  mile 
east  of  Shippensburg,  was  found  murdered  in  his  cabin,  his  skull  cleft  with  a 

tomahawk.     It  was  supposed  a  couple  of  Indian  hboi I  the 

day  before  had  committed  the  deed.     On  the  6th  of  the  same  mo 

distan ast  of  where  Burd's  Bun  crosses  the  road  leading  from  Shippensburg 

to  the  Middlespring  church,  a  party  of  Indians  killed  Join,  McKean  and 
Agnew  and  captured  Hugh  Black,  William  Carson,  \ idri ■..  Brown,  James 
Ellis  and  Alex  McBride.  A  partj  of  citizens  from  Shippensburg  pursued  the 
Indians  through  McAllister'-  Gap  into  Bath  Valley,  and  on  the  morning  of 
the  third  day  out  met  all  the  prisoners  except  James  Ellis,  and  on  their  return 
home,  they  having  escaped      Ellis  was    never   afterward   I  ,      The 

pursuers   returned   with   the  me„   who   had   escaped,   further   pursuit    being 
useless. 


HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 


Many  other  instances  of  murders  and  kindred  outrages  by  the  Indians 
mio-ht  be  mentioned,  for  the  history  of  that  dread  time  teems  with  them,  but 
it  is  not  necessary  to  recount  them.  Enough  has  been  said  to  show  the  terri- 
ble state  the  region  was  in,  and  the  horrid  tales  are  dropped  to  tell  of  an  expe- 
dition in  which  the  whites  took  the  initiative.* 

Gov   Morris  was  superseded  on  the  20th  of  August,  1  (56,  by  Gov.  Y\  illiam 
Denny    but  before  the  latter' s  arrival  he  (Morris),  in  view  of  the  constant  cries 
for  help  from  the  frontier,  and  especially  from  East  Pennsborough  Township, 
Cumberland  County,  and  the  upper  portion  of  the  county,  whose  inhabitants 
sent  in  urgent  petitions  for  aid,  had  arranged  with  Col.  Armstrong  for  a  move- 
ment against  the  Indian  town  of  Kittanning,  on  the  Allegheny  River,  about 
twenty  miles  above  Fort  DuQuesne,  in  what  is  now  Armstrong  County.      lhe 
place 'was  the  chief  stronghold  of  the  red  men,  was  the  base  of  tneir  operations 
eastward  and  toward  the  Ohio,  and  was  the  home  of  both  Shmgas  and  Capt. 
Jacobs  +     There  were  also  held  a  considerable  number  of  white  prisoners.      A 
small  army  was  organized  under  the  command  of  Lieut. -Col.  John  Armstrong, 
consisting    of    seven    companies,  J    whose   captains    were    John   Armstrong, 
Hans  Hamilton,  Dr.  Hugh  Mercer,  Edward  Ward,  Joseph  Armstrong,   John 
Potter,    and   Rev.    John    Steel.       The    command  set  out   in  August,    l<5b, 
and  at  the  dawn  of  the  7th  (8th?)  of  September  made  the  attack  on  the  Indian 
town   which  was  totally  destroyed,  together  with  large  quantities  of  ammuni- 
tion '    Capt.  Jacobs  and  his  nephew  were  killed,  and  few,  if  any,  escaped  the 
aveno-ino-  hand  of  the  officer,  whose  rapid  march  and  well  executed  plans  won 
for  him  "the  approval   of  his  people.      The  corporation  of  Philadelphia  voted 
him  a  medal  for  his  exploit.  §     This  disaster  to  the  Indians  led  them  to  remove 
to  the  Muskingum,  in  Ohio,  but  served  only  for  a  short  time  to  check  their 
operations  in  Pennsylvania.      The  year  1757  was  fraught  with  unabated  hor- 
rare       Cumberland  County,    with  others,  was  kept  in  a  state   of  continual 
alarm,  although  in  Mav  of  that  year  another  conference  was  held  with  the 
Indians  at  Lancaster  to  try  and  bring   about  peace.      The  western  Indians, 

7 ^t  one  period  (1=  £•»-»>  noted  rf»n  ,!^£KS»K?S 
STtn^Tnia^ 

re^ffipp^ 
tS^lonl^^ 

S"°eUyS  STIESed'fn  Singer      nloc^s^tc  ."aii^n  ormedfand  are  equa.iy  regardle»of 

r"C"  '"v  ™*^  t  ™  ri™™  aS*  «iS«  ii  .M.  The  movement,  of  himself  and  hfa 
Snd  nof"ran^Sw  e»  wy  »?iM  the  mention  of  hi.  name,  like  those  of  Brady,  Boone,  Logston,  Ken.oo 
and  others  struck  terror  W  the  ^ts  of  hjs  parted  foemn^  ^  ^  ^  ^ 

Up  Jffl£^l"X™&J™Wwto«,«*o«lto\1m  was  killed  in  Armstrong's  attack  upon 
KittflnniiiL'    was  said  tn  l>e  seven  feet  tall. 

voU.n-^s^ 

Armstrong. nth  •  Mou       .  1.     . "»  I   ;     .;,,,,,„    „,„,,  _,,-,,:.',(,  .!„h„  B:.k,-r,  John  McCartney,  Patrick  Muller, 

SSI,  ;.".■»,',    .......  Me,Jr,w.,„„.lTl   ..;,  foundjto  h-^en  earned  away  sate  ^by  ^  m«),  En»|  npJohn 

^Sitao'pat'rT/'Mye  Lauren e  K.nhan.  Sa.nu'el  Chambers.  Cap,.  PoOer,  company-WounM .Ensign 
Thirty  or  forty  warriors  were  slain. 


BISTORT  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY.  60 

however,  would  hear  to  nothing,  and  it  beoame  evident  thai  subduing  them  by 
I  arms  was  the  onlj  sore  method.  Col.  Stanwiz  was  ai  Carlisle  build 
ing  intxenchments,  and  Col.  Axmstrong  had  two  companies,  pari  stationed  at 
Carlisle  and  pari  at  Shippensbnrg.  These  two  officers  did  all  in  their  power 
loproteol  the  citizens  and  punish  the  savages,  !>ut  thej  were  handicapped  in 
numerous  regards  Murders  were  freqnenl  in  the  upper  part  of  Cuml 
(now  Franklin)  County,  and  the  lower  portion  was  aol  without  its  visitati 
bloodshed.  Mn\  13,  I  ■  ~> 7 .  William  Walker  and  another  man  were  killed  near 
a  private  fori    called    tic  .mi    the   Conodoguinet,   in    East    Penns 

fh;  two  men  were  killed  and  five  taken  prisoners  near  Shippensbnrg  on 
the  6th  of  June;  Ji  I       leU,  James  Mitchell,  \\  illiam  Mitchell,  John  Fin 

lav.  Robert  Steenson,  Andrew  Enslow,  John  Wiley,  Ulen  Henderson,  William 
Qibeon  and  an  Indian  were  killed  in  a  harvest  field  near  Shippensburg,  July 
19,  and  Jane  McCommon,  Mary  Minor,  Janet  Harper  and  a  boh  of  John  Fin 
lay  were  captured  or  missing  at  the  same  time:  four  men  were  killed  Jul]  1  1 
near  Tobias  Hendricks',  who  lived  on  and  had  charge  of  Louther  Manor,  six 
miles  from  the  Susquehanna,  in  Fast  Pennsborough,  and  two  men  were  killed 
or  carried  otT  near  the  same  place  September  8,  while  out  hunting  horses. 
•Inly  18,  in  a  harvest  field  a  mile  east  of  Shippensburg,  belonging  to  John 
Cesna,  Dennis  O'Neiden  i  nd  John  Kirkpatrick  were  killed,  and  Mr.  Cesna,  his 
two  grandsons,  and  a  son  of  Kirkpatrick  were  made  prisoners  and  carried  off. 
Others  working  in  the  field  happened  to  be  concealed  from  the  Mew  of  the  In- 
dians, and  escaped  without  injury.  There  was  little  rest  from  anxiet]  onl 
the  expedition-  of  1758  and  the  capture  ,,f  Fori  DuQuesne,  with  the  building 
upon  it-  ruin-  of  Fori  Pitt,  which  remained  under  English  rule  while  the  mother 
country  had  jurisdiction  over  the  American  colonies.  The  troops  were  mostly 
disbanded  in  1759  bj  act  of  Assembly,  which  body  imagined  the  war  was 
ended.  Practically  for  this  region  it  was  so.  although  the  two  power*,  met  in 
conflict  afterward  on  the  northern  frontier. 

The  inhabitants  enjoyed  for  a  brief  period  immunity  from  danger  and  re- 
joiced that  peace  smiled  upon  the  valley.      A  worthless  Delaware  Indian  called 
1'    tor  John"  who  had  for  two  years  lived  in  a  cabin  near  the  Conodoguinet 
and  not  far  from  Carlisle,  was  killed  in  February,  1760,  together  with  his  wife 

and  two  children,  by  whites;  and  though  he  had  talked  contemptuously  al I 

the  soldiers,  and  boasted  of  having  killed  sixty  white  people  with  his  own  arm 
the  event  was  looked  upon  as  untoward  by  the  inhabitants  of  the  region,  who 
bared  the  vengeance  of  the  tribe  and  step-  were  taken  to  apprehend  and  pun 
ish  the  murderers.  Several  arrests  were  made,  bul  the  more  guilt]  parties  fled 
and  were  not  found,  while  the  others  were  released  as  they  could  scarcelj  he 
convicted  on  hearsay  evidence.  Very  likely  the  people  were  -;lad  the  Indians 
it    of  the  way.  for   they  had  no  pleasing  recollections  of   their  fiendish 

fellow-. 

Presently,  however,  came  the  dread  news  that  a  more  desperate  war  was  to 
be  waged  under  the  leader-hip  of  the  wonderful  western  chieftain.  Pontiac,  and 

clo-e  upon  the  heels  ,,f  the  alarm  followed  actual  invasion  of  the  country  bor- 
dering the  valley,  with  a  renewal  of  the  horrid  Bcenes  of  previous  years.  July 
5,  17''.::.  a  gentleman  wrote  from  Carlisle  to  Secretary  Peters  a-  follows:  "On 
the  morning  of  yesterday  horsemen  were  seen  rapidly  passing  through  Carlisle. 
One  man  rather  fatigued,  who  stopped  to  get  some  water,  hastily  replied  to  the 
i.  •  What  news:'  '  Dad  enough!  Pre-, pie  l-le,  Le  Beuf  and  Venango 
have  been  captured,  their  garrisons  ma— acred,  with  the  exception  of  one  officer 
and  seven  men  who  fortunately  made  their  escape  from  Le  Beuf.  Fort  Pitt 
was  briskly  attacked  on  the  22d  of  June,  but  succeeded  in  repelling  the  as- 


gO  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

sailants  '  Thus  saying  he  put  spurs  to  his  horse  and  was  soon  out  of  sight. 
From  others  I  have  accounts  that  the  Bedford  militia  have  succeeded  m  saving 
FoTlionier.  Nothing  could  exceed  the  terror  which  prevailed  from  house 
to  house  from  town  to  town.  The  road  was  nearly  covered  with  women  and 
children  flying  to  Lancaster  and  Philadelphia.  Rev  Thomson  pastor  of 
the  Episcopal  Church,  went  at  the  head  of  his  congregation  to  protect  and  en- 
course  them  on  the  way.  A  few  retired  to  the  breastworks  for  safety.  The 
SI  given  ^uld  not  be  appeased.  We  have  done  all  that  men  can  do 
to  prevent  disorder.      All  our  hopes  are  turned  upon  Bouquet. 

The  following  extracts  of  letters  written  from  Carlisle  in  July,  1763  and 
published  at  the  time  in  the  Pennsylvania  Gazette  at  Philadelphia,  will  also 
serve  to  show  the  condition  of  affairs  then  existing  m  the  valley: 

Carlisle.  July  12.  lio^. 

T  Prr.hra.ce  this  first  leisure  since  vesterday  morning  to  transmit   you  a  brief  account 

iPlIIillil 

aT^«Tta£M£  atestriking  at  Bedford  the  Indians  appeared  quiet  nor  struck 
When,  to    som    tim  <    u i      ■■        ~  ,,,-evailinir  opinion  that  our  forts  and  com- 

mmmmmmg 
wimmmmmm 

mmsamm 

mms  ins 

saW  "alley  and  Col.  John l^Sng  with  Thomas  Wilson  Esq.,and  a  party  of  between 

^Si|in^^ 

•See  Rupp's  History  of  Cumberland  and  other  Counties,  pp.  139-143. 


HTSTOffJ   OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY.  01 

Indians  burnt  in  shocks,  ami  had  Bel  the  fences  on  tire  win- re  tin-  grain  wasunreaped;  thai 
the  bogs  had  fallen  upon  and  mangled  several  of  the  dead  bodies;  thai  the  Bald  company 
of  twelve,  suspecting  danger,  durst  not  stay  to  bury  the  dead;  thai  after  they  had  n 
over  the  Tuscarora  Mountain,  about  one  or  two  miles  iiii-  Bide  of  it  and  abo 
twenty  from  hence  Carlisle,  Penn  I,  the]  were  fired  on  by  a  large  p  ians,  sup 

»nit  thirty,  and  were  obliged  to  By;  that  two,  viz.,  William  Robinson   and  John 
Graham,  are  certainly  killed,  and  four  more  are  missing,  whoit  istho  lien  Into 

the  hands  of  the  enemj .  as  they  appeared  Blow  in  Sight,  most  probably  wounded,  and  the 
i  pursued  with  violence.    What  further  mischief  has  been  done  we  have  not  beard 
hut  expect  every  day  and  hour  Borne  more  messagi  -  of  melancholy  hews, 

In  hearing  of  the  above  defeat  we  sent  out  another  party  of  thirty  ur  upward,  com 
manded  by  our  high  sheriff,  Mr  Dunning,  and  Mr.  William  Lyon,  logo  in  quest  of  the 
enemy  or  fall  in  with  and  reinforce  our  other  parties.  There  are  also  a  number  gone  out 
from  about  three  mile-  below  this,  bo  that  we  now  have  over  the  bills  upward  of  i 
ninety  volunteers  scouring  the  woods.  The  Inhabitants  of  Shearman's  valley,  Tuscarora 
etc.,  an-  all  come  over,  and  the  people  of  this  valley,  ni  Qning  t" 

move  in,  bo  that  in  a  few  days  there  will  be  Bcarcely  a  i  ted  north  ol  i 

Mmy  of  our  people  are  greatly  distressed  through  « 

numbers  of  those  beat  oft  their  places  have  hardly  mon  o  purchase  a  pound  of 

powder. 

i  >ur  women  and  children  I  suppose  must  move  downward  if  the  enemy  proceeds.   To- 
day a  British  vengeance  begins  to  rise  in  the  breasts  of  our  men.    One  of  them  that  fell 
from  among  the  twelve,  as  he  was  just  expiring,  said  to  our  of  bis  fellows:  "H< 
my  gun  and  kill  the  first  Indian  you  Bee,  and  all  shall  be  well." 

Another  letter  dated  at  Carlisle  July  13,  has  the  following:  "Last  night 
Armstrong  returned.  Ho  left  the  party  who  pursued  further,  and 
found  several  dead,  whom  they  buried  in  the  host  manner  they  could,  and  are 
now  all  returned  in.  From  what  appears  the  Indians  are  traveling  from  one 
place  to  another  along  the  valley,  burning  the  farms  and  destroying  all  the 
people  they  moot  with.  This  day  gives  an  account  of  six  more  being  killed  in 
the  valley,  so  that  since  last  Sunday  morning  to  this  day,  twelve  o'clock,  we 
have  a  pretty  authentic  account  of  the  number  slain  being  twenty-five,  and 
torn  or  five  wounded.     The  Colonel,  Mr.  Wilson  and  Mr.  Alrioks  are  now  on 

the  parade  endeavoring  to  raise  another  party   to  go  out  and  -n )]•  the  sheriff 

and  his  party,  g  of  fifty  men,   which  marched  yesterday,  and  I  hope 

they  will  be  able  to  Bend  off  immediately  twenty  good  men.  The  people  here. 
I  assure  yon.  want  nothing  but  a  good  leader  and  a  little  encouragement  to 
make  a  very  g 1  defense." 

July  28,  ]~,iY.',.  th litorof  the  Pennsylvania  Gazette  printed  the  following; 

''Our  advices  from  Carlisle  are  a-  follows,  viz.  That  the  party  under  the 
sheriff.  Mr.  Dunning,  mentioned  in  our  last,  fell  in  with  the  enemy  at  the 
house  of  one  Alexander  Logan,  in  Shearman's  Valley,  supposed  to  be  about 
fifteen  or  upward,  who  had  murdered  the  said  Logan,  his  son  and  another  man, 
about  two  miles  from  said  house,  and  mortally  wounded  a  fourth  who  is  since 
ad  that  at  the  time  of  their  being  discovered  they  were  rifling  the  house 
and  shooting  down  the  cattle,  and  it  is  thought  about  to  return  home  with  the 
s]M.il  they  had  got.  That  our  men,  on  seeing  them,  immediately  spread  them 
selves  from  right  to  left  with  a  design  to  surround  them,  and  engaged  the  sav 
tii  great  courage,  but  from  their  eagerness  rather  too  Boon,  as  some  of 
the  party    had    not  <,'ot    up   when  the  skirmish  began;   that    the  enemy   returned 

our  first  tire  very  briskly,  but  our] pie,  n  'that,  rushed  upon  them, 

■when  they  fled  and  wore  pursued  a  considerable  way  till  thickets  secured  their 
escape,  four  or  five  of  them,  ir  was  thought,  being  mortally  wounded;  that  our 
parties  had  brought  in  with  them  what  cattle  they  could  collect,  but  that  greal 
numbers  were  killed  by  the  Indians,  and  many  of  the  horses  that  were  in  the 
valley-  earned  off;  that  on  the  L'l-t.  the  morning,  news  was  brought  of 
three  Indians  being  seen  about  1"  o'clock  in  the  morning;  one  Pummeroy  and 
his  wife,  and  the  wife  of  one  John-on.  were  surprised  in  a  house  between  Ship- 


62  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

pensburg  and  the  North  Mountain  and  left  there  for  dead;  but  that  one  of  the 
women,  when  found,  showing  some  signs  of  life,  was  brought  to  Shippensburg, 
where  she  lived  some  hours  in  a  most  miserable  condition,  being  scalped,  one  of 
her  arms  broken,  and  her  skull  fractured  with  the  stroke  of  a  tomahawk;  and 
that  since  the  10th  inst.,  there  was  an  account  of  fifty-four  persons  being  killed 
by  the  enemy! 

"That  the  Indians  had  set  fire  to  houses,  barns,  corn,  wheat,  rye,  and  hay 
—in  short  to  everything  combustible— so  that  the  whole  country  seemed  to  be 
in  one  general  blaze;  that  the  miseries  and  distress  of  the  poor  people  were 
really  shocking  to  humanity,  and  beyond  the  power  of  language  to  describe; 
that  Carlisle  was  becoming  the  barrier,  not  a  single  inhabitant  being  beyond  it; 
that  every  stable  and  hovel  in  the  town  was  crowded  with  miserable  refugees, 
who  were  reduced  to  a  state  of  beggary  and  despair,  their  houses,  cattle  and 
harvest  destroyed,  and  from  a  plentiful,  independent  people  they  were  become 
real  objects  of  charity  and  commiseration;  that  it  was  most  dismal  to  see  the 
streets  filled  with  people  in  whose  countenances  might  be  discovered  a  mixture 
of  o-rief,  madness  and  despair;  and  to  hear  now  and  then  the  sighs  and  groans 
of  men,  the  disconsolate  lamentations  of  women,  and  the  screams  of  children, 
who  had  lost  their  nearest  and  dearest  relations;  and  that  on  both  sides  of  the 
Susquehanna,  for  some  miles,  the  woods  were  filled  with  poor  families  and 
their  cattle,  who  made  fires  and  lived  like  savages,  exposed  to  the  inclemencies 
of  the  weather. "  . , 

Letter  dated  at  Carlisle  July  30,  1763:  "On  the  25th  a  considerable  num- 
ber of  the  inhabitants  of  Shearman's  Valley  went  over,  with  a  party  of  soldiers 
to  guard  them,  to  attempt  saving  as  much  of  their  grain  as  might  be  standing, 
and  it  is  hoped  a  considerable  quantity  will  yet  be  preserved.  A  party  of  vol- 
unteers, between  twenty  and  thirty,  went  to  the  farther  side  of  the  valley,  next 
to  the  Tuscarora  Mountain,  to  see  what  appearance  there  might  be  of  the  In- 
dians as  it  was  thought  they  would  most  probably  be  there  if  anywhere  in  the 
settlement— to  search  for  and  bury  the  dead  at  Buffalo  Creek,  and  to  assist 
the  inhabitants  that  lived  along  or  near  the  foot  of  the  mountain  m  bringing 
off  what  they  could,  which  services  they  accordingly  performed,  burying  the 
remains  of  three  persons,  but  saw  no  marks  of  Indians  having  lately  been 
there,  excepting  one  track,  supposed  to  be  about  two  or  three  days  old,  near 
the  narrows  of  Buffalo  Creek  Hill,  and  heard  some  hallooing  and  firing  of  a  gun 
at  another  place.  A  number  of  the  inhabitants  of  Tuscarora  Valley  go  over  the 
mountain  to-morrow,  with  a  party  of  soldiers,  to  endeavor  to  save  part  of  the 
crops.  Five  Indians  were  seen  last  Sunday,  about  sixteen  or  seventeen  miles 
from  Carlisle,  up  the  valley  toward  the  North  Mountain,  and  two  the  day  be- 
fore yesterday,  about  five  or  six  miles  from  Shippensburg,  who  fired  at  a  young 
man  but  missed  him. 

"On  the  25th  of  July  there  were  in  Shippensburg  1,384  ot  our  poor,  dis- 
tressed back  inhabitants,  viz.:  men,  301;  women,  345;  children,  738,  many  of 
whom  were  obliged  to  lie  in  barns,  stables,  cellars  and  under  old  leaky  sheds, 
the  dwelling-houses  being  all  crowded." 

Indians  were  also  occasionally  seen  in  the  valley  after  Bouquet  had  left, 
and  occasionally  some  of  the  inhabitants  were  fired  upon  within  a  few  miles  of 
Carlisle.  Where  is  the  wonder  that  the  stricken  people  looked  so  eagerly  to 
Bouquet  for  deliverance,  or  that  they  suspected  and  mistrusted  every  being  in 
the  shape  of  an  Indian,  whether  professedly  friendly  or  otherwise!  Such  terrible 
experiences  were  sufficient  to  foster  all  the  fiendishness  of  revenge  m  the 
breasts  of  the  afflicted,  and  the  great  wonder  at  the  present  day  is  that  they 
did  not  resolve  upon  and  enter  into  a  war  of  extermination  of  the  red  race. 


H 


BISTORT  Of  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY.  85 

1"|h.h  the  outbreak  of 'the  savages  the  Assembly  bad  ordered  the  raising  of 
Tim  men  t"  protect  the  frontier  daring  the  harvest,  but  almost  without  effect 
The  safety  of  the  garrison  at  Port  Pitt  was  the  cause  of  anxiety,  and  finally 
OoL  Henrj  Bouquet  was  ordered  i"  march  to  its  relief.  This  he  did  with 
barelj  500  men,  the  remnants  of  two  shattered  regiments  of  regulars  the 
Forty-second  and  Seventy-Beoond  Lately  returned  Erom  the  West  Indies  in  a 
debilitated  condition,  together  with  200  rangers  (six  companies)  raised  in 
Lancaster  and  Cumberland  Counties.  Although  depending  so  greatl]  upon 
him,  the  inhabitants  "f  Carlisle  and  vicinity  were  in  such  a  state  of  terror  and 
utter  consternation  that  the]  had  taken  on  Bteps  to  prepare  provisions  for  him 
and  lii  —  little  army  and  they  arrived  at  Carlisle  to  find  matters  there  and  along 
the  line  "f  march  in  a  desperate  condition,  though  several  quite  heavj  contri 
buttons  had  been  raised  by  various  congregations  in  Philadelphia  and  sent  for 
their  relief.  Instead,  therefore,  <>f  the  inhabitants  being  able  to  lend  him  aid. 
they  were  dependent  upon  him,  and  he  was  forced  to  lie  at  Carlisle  eighteen 
days  until  supplies  could  be  sent  for  and  received  By  this  time  the  people 
had  regained  courage  and  confidence  in  themselves,  although  the  appearance 
of  Bouquet's  arm]  led  them  to  expect  little  from  its  expedition.  Most  happily 
were  they  disappointed,  however,  for  the  Colonel's  successful  march,  his  re- 
lief of  Fort  Ligonier,  his  terrible  thirty-six  hours  fight  at  Bushy  Bun  with  the 
Indians,  who  were  defeated  and  driven  from  the  field  his  relief  of  Fort  Pitt, 
and  his  subsequent  expedition  against  the  Indians  in  Ohio,  with  the  treat]  on 
terms  of  his  own  dictation,  and  the  release  of  many  white  prisoners  who  were 
returned  to  their  homes,  are  all  matters  of  history.      Bouquet  became  the  sa 

vior  of  the  region,  and  to  hi--  memory  let  all  honor  be  accorded.  The  Indians 
committed  outrages  alone;  the  frontier  in  I  T ♦  >  t .  but  an  army  of  1,000  men  was 
raised,  of  which  a  battalion  of  eight  companies  of  380  men.  mostly  from 
Cumberland  County — commanded  by  Lieut. -Col.  John  Armstrong,  with 
Capts.  William  Armstrong,  Samuel  Lindsey.  -lames  Piper.  Joseph  Armstrong, 
John  Brady.  William  Piper.  Christopher  Line  and  Timothy  Green,  with  a  few 
under  Lieut.  Finley—  was  sent  against  them  under  Col.  Bouquet,  who  pirn,, I 
to  the  very  heart  of  their  western  stronghold  end  com)  idled  them  to  accede  tic 
terms  above  mentioned.  The  battalion  of  provincial  troop-  from  this  county 
was  paid  off  and  mustered  out  of  sen  ice.  the  anus  were  delivered  to  the  authori- 
d  the  long  and  dreadful  Indian  war.  with  all  its  attendant  sickening 
ham  ITS,  was  at  an   end. 

The  people  had  little  confidence,  however,  in  the  Indians,  and  were  not 
disposed  to  place  m  their  hands  an]  weapons  or  materials  which  would  give 
them  the  slightest  advantage  over  the  whites,  at  least  until  their  new  relations 
had  time  to  become  fixed.  It  had  been  agreed  that  trade  should  be  opened 
with  the  Indian-,  and  Large1  quantities  of  goods  were  gathered  in  places  for  the 
purpose  before  the  governor  issued  his  proclamation  authorizing  trading.  This 
led  to  the  destruction  of  a  large  quantity  of  goods  in  which  Capt.  Robert  CoL 
lender,  a  flooring-mill  proprietor  near  Carlisle,  was  part  owner,  the  goods hav 
ing  been  started  westward  A  party  under  James  Smith,  who  had  done  ser- 
vice under  Braddock,  Forbes  and  Bouquet,  waylaid  them  near  Sideling  Hill, 
killed  a  cumber  of  horses,  made  the  escort  turn  back,  burned  sixty-three  Toads, 

and  made  matter-  ex Lingly  Lively,  when  a  s<piad  was  sent  out  to  capture  the 

rioters.  Smith  afterward  acknowledged  himself  too  hasty.  He  was  subse- 
quently arrested  on  suspicion  of  murder  and  lodged  in  jail  at  Carlisle  in  1  i<i'.'. 
An  attempt  was  made  to  rescue  him.  but  he  dissuaded  the  party,  and  upon  his 
trial  wa-  acquitted  He  became  a  distinguished  Revolutionary  officer  and 
member  of  the  Legislature. 


66  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

Another  occurrence,  which  might  have  resulted  seriously  for  the  settlers,  was 
the  murder  of  ten  friendly  Indians  in  the  lower  part  of  Shearman's  Valley,  on 
Middle  Creek,  in  January,  1768,  by  Frederick  Stump  and  an  employe  of  his 
named  Hans  Eisenhauer  (John  Ironcutter).  The  authorities  captured  the 
murderers  and  placed  them  in  jail  in  Carlisle,  although  the  warrant  for  their 
arrest  charged  that  they  be  brought  before  the  chief  justice  at  Philadelphia. 
That  step  the  people  of  Cumberland  County  resisted,  claiming  it  was  encroach- 
ing upon  their  rights  to  try  the  men  in  the  county  where  the  crime  was  com- 
mitted. They  were  detained  at  Carlisle  until  the  pleasure  of  the  authorities 
at  Philadelphia  could  be  ascertained,  and  were  rescued  by  a  large  armed  party 
on  the  morning  of  the  29th  of  January,  four  days  after  their  arrest.  The  pris- 
oners were  carried  away  over  the  mountains  and  were  never  afterward  found, 
though  it  was  the  opinion  that  they  got  away  and  took  refuge  in  Virginia.  The 
matter  was  finally  dropped  after  the  heat  of  the  affair  was  over. 


CHAPTER  IV. 


County  Organization— Location  of  County  Seat— Division  of  County 
into  Townships— County  Buildings— Population— Postoffices  in  1885— 
Internal  Improvements— Public  Roads— Railroads. 

CUMBERLAND  COUNTY  was  named  after  a  maritime  county  in  England, 
bordering  on  Scotland.  I.  Daniel  Rupp,  in  a  sketch  of  this  county  in 
Egle's  History  of  Pennsylvania,  published  in  1876,  says:  "The  name  is  derived 
from  the  Keltic,  Kimbriland.  The  Kimbrie,  or  Keltic  races,  once  inhabited 
the  county  of  Cumberland,  in  England,"  but  we  are  inclined  to  think  that  the 
word  Cumberland  signifies  "land  of  hollows,"  from  the  Anglo  Saxon  word 
' '  comb, "  a  valley  or  low  place. 

In  the  matter  of  pedigree  Cumberland  is  the  sixth  county  formed  in  Penn- 
sylvania; Philadelphia,  Bucks  and  Chester  were  established  in  1682,  Lancaster 
in  1729  and  York  in  1749.  Petitions  having  been  presented  to  the  Assembly  by 
numerous  inhabitants  of  the  North  or  Cumberland  Valley,  among  whom  were 
James  Silvers  and  William  Magaw,  in  behalf  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  North  Val- 
ley, on  the  ground  of  their  remoteness  from  the  county  seat,  Lancaster,  and  the 
difficulty  which  the  sober  and  the  quiet  part  of  the  valley  experienced  in  se- 
curing itself  against  the  thefts  of  certain  idle  and  dissolute  persons  (who  easily 
avoided  the  courts,  the  officers  and  the  jail  of  so  distant  a  county  town),  pray- 
ing for  the  establishment  of  a  new  county,  an  act  was  passed  to  that  effect  on 
the  27th  of  January,  1750.  Robert  McCoy,  of  Peters  Township,  Benjamin 
Chambers,  of  Antrim,  David  Magaw,  of  Hopewell,  James  Mclntire  and  John 
McCormick,  both  of  East  Pennsborough,  were  appointed  commissioners  to  carry 
out  the  provisions  of  the  act.  The  territory  embraced  in  Cumberland  County 
was  set  off  from  Lancaster,  and  its  ample  limits  were  thus  described:  "That 
all  and  singular  the  lands  lying  within  the  province  of  Pennsylvania,  to  the  west- 
ward of  the  Susquehanna,  and  northward  and  westward  of  the  county  of  York, 
be  erected  into  a  county,  to  be  called  Cumberland;  bounded  northward  and 
westward  with  the  line  of  the  provinces;  eastward  partly  by  the  Susquehanna 
and  partly  by  said  county  of  York;  and  southward  in  part  by  the  line  divid- 
ing said  province  from  that  of  Maryland. 


BISTORT   0*  CUMBER]  \N1>  COUNT!  tTt 

It  was  also  further  enacted,  in  order  to  better  ascertain  the  boundary  be 
tween  Cumberland  and  York  Counties,  thai  commissioners  should  be  appoint 
the  part  of  the  latter  to  act  in  con  junction  with  those  of  the  former  for 
that  purpose.  The  fork  County  commissioners  were  Thomas  Cox,  Dfiohael 
Tanner,  George  Swope,  Nathan  Bussej  and  John  Wright,  Jr.  The  commie 
doners  <>f  the  two  iisagreed  when  thej  met   to  fix  the  boundary  line. 

Those  from  Cumberland  wished  the  line  I  oe  opposite  the  mouth  of 

Swatara  Creek  and  run  thence  along  the  ridge  of  the  South  mountain  (or  Dreut 
Hills,  or  Priest   Hills);  but  to  this  the  York  Count]  commissioners  would  aot 

listen;  they  wished  the  Yellow  Br lies,  or  Callapasscinker  Creek,  to 

portion  of  the  boundary.  The  difficulty  was  finally  Battled  by  the  Assembly  in 
an  act  passed  FebruaryQ,  1751,  which  says:  "  But  for  as  muchas  the  ridge  of 
mountains  called  the  Smith  .Mountain. — along  which  the  lines,  dividing  tl 
counties  of  York  and  Cumberland,  were  directed  to  be  run  by  the  several  here- 
inbefore mentioned  acts,  before  the  river  Susquehannah,  to  the  mouth  of  a  run 
of  water  called  Dogwood  Run,  is  discontinued  much  broken,  and  not  easily  to 
be  distinguished,  whereby  great  differences  have  arisen  between  the  trustees  of 
I  counties  concerning  the  matter  of  running  said  lines:  by  which  means 
the  boundaries  "f  -aid  counties,  between  the  river  Susquehanna  and  the  month 
of  aforesaid  run  of  water  called  Dogwood  Bun,  are  altogether  unsettled  and  so 
likely  to  continue  to  the  great  injur]  of  the  said  counties,  and  to  the  frustrating 

-1  purposes  by  the  hereinbefore  mentioned  acts  of  Assembly  intend 
the  preventing  hereof,  it  i-  hereby  enacted,  that  the  creek  called  Yellow  Breeches 
Creek,  from  the  mouth  thereof  where  it    empties  into  the  Susquehanna  afore 
said,  up  the  several  courses  there,.!',  to  the  mouth  of  a  run  of  water  called  Dog 

wood  Run.  and  from  them a  continued  straight  line,  to  lie  run  to  the 

ridge  of  mountains  called  the  South  .Mountain,  until  it  intersects  the  Maryland 
line,  shall  l>e  and  i-  hereby  declared  to  be  t  lie  houudary  line  hetween  said  coun- 
ties  of  York  and  Cumberland" 

Previous  to  this  legislation  a  petition  from  the  commissioners  appointed  on 

the  part  of  Cumberland  County  to  run  tin'  line  had   1 n    presented  to  the  As 

sembly  setting  forth  facts  as  follows:  "That  the  York  commissioners,  refusing 
to  run  the  line  agreeable  to  tin' act  of  Assembly,  the  petitioners  conceived  it 
their  dnt\  to  ,1,,  it  themselves,  and  accordingly  began  opposite  1,,  the  mouth  of 
tic   Swahatara  [now  Swatara     Ed.],  on  Susquehanna   River,  and  then  took 

the  course-,    and    distances    along   the    highest     im  'mountain,   without 

g   any  running  water,  till  they  struck    the    middle  of   the    main    bod]   of 
ill  Mountain,  at    James  Caruther's  plantation;   a  true  draught  whereof 
is  annexed  to   tic  petition.      That  the  draught  of  the  line  and  places  adjacent, 
laid  before  the  house  by  the  York  commissioners,  a-    Eat  tes  to  the  wa 

ten  and  courses,  is  altogether  imaginary,  and  grounded  on  no  actual  survej  : 
immissioners  having  no  surveyor  with  them,  nor  so  much  a-  attempting 
to  chain  any  part  of  it.  That  the  petitioners  would  willing!]  agree  to  the  pro 
posal  of  making  Yellow  Breeches  Creek  the  boundary,  if  that  draught  had  am 
truth  in  it:  hut  as  it  is  altogether  false,  anil  the  making  that  creek  the  line 
would  actually  cut  off  a  great  part  of  the  north  valley,  reduce  it  to  a  DO 
Che  Susquehanna,  and  make  the  county  quite  irregular,  the  petitioners  praj 
that  the  line  in  the  draught  to  their  petition  annexed  ma]  be  confirmed,  or  a 
Straight  line  granted  from  the  mouth  of   Swahatara  to  the  middle  of   the  South 

Mountain."     This  petition  wa--   read   ami  ordered  to  U the  table.      [  Votes 

IV.  154,  8th  mo.,  1  sth.  1750,  as  quoted  bj   Rupp.J 
Had  the  line  been  established  a-  prayed  by  this  petition,  the  eastern  end  of 
the  county,  as  now  existing,  would  have  been  about  the  same  in  exkmt  as  the 


HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 


western;  wheareas  now  it  is  much  less— or  narrower.  Mr.  Chambers,  one  of 
the  Cumberland  County  commissioners,  on  the  establishment  of  the  line  had 
written  as  follows  to  Kichard  Peters,  secretary,  but  all  to  no  avail: 

Cumberland  County,  October  8th,  1750. 
Sir:  I  received  your  letter  in  which  you  enclosed  the  draughts  of  the  line  run  by  the 
commissioners  of  York  County  and  ours;  and  if  the  branches  ot  the  YeUaw  Britches  and 
Great  Conewago  interlocked  in  the  South  Mountain,  as  laid  down  in  the  aforesaid  draught, 
I  would  be  of  opinion  with  the  Assembly  that  a  line  consisting  of  such  a  variety  of  courses 
,ould  not  be  a  good  boundary  between  two  counties.  I  can  assure  you  that  the  courses 
that  we.  the  commissioners  of  Cumberland,  run,  we  chained  and  have  returned  by  course 
and  distance  the  ridge  of  the  mountain,  and  can  send  our  deposition  that  we  crossed  no 
running  water  above  ground,  and  that  we  have  run  it  past  Capt.  Dills,  till  we  are  in  the 
middle  of  the  mountains,  as  laid  down  in  the  red  line  m  their  draughts,  so  that  our 
draughts  will  show  you  that  theirs  is  but  an  imaginary  of  the  waters,  done  by  some 
friends  of  York  County  who  had  no  regard  for  our  country's  welfare;  for  we  sent  our  re- 
turn to  be  laid  before  the  Assembly  at  the  same  time  that  York  County  laid  this  one  before 
them  that  your  Honor  was  pleased  to  send  me.  But  ourmessenger  did  not  deliver  our  re- 
turn to  the  House,  or  if  he  had,  I  suppose  they  would  not  have  troubled  his  Honor,  the 
Governor  to  send  any  further  instructions  to  us.  for  I  humbly  suppose  that  there  cannot  be 
any  better  boundary  than  the  ridge  of  the  mountain;  for,  were  there  a  line  run  to  cross  the 
heads  of  the  waters  of  both  sides  and  the  marks  grown  old,  it  would  be  hard  for  a  hunter 
to  tell  which  county  the  wolf  was  killed  in,  but  he  may  easily  tell  whether  it  was  killed  on 
the  descent  of  the  North  or  South  Valley  waters.  Likewise,  a  sheriff,  when  he  goes  to  any 
house  where  he  is  not  acquainted  and  enquires  at  the  house  whether  that  water-  falls  into 
the  North  or  South  Valley,  can  tell  whether  they  live  in  his  county  or  not,  which  he  could 
not  tell  by  a  line  crossimr'  the  heads  of  the  waters  of  both  sides  till  he  made_  himself  ac- 
quainted with  said  linefso  that  if  you  will  give  yourself  the  trouble  to  enquire  at  any  ot 
the  authors  of  that  draft  that  was  laid  before  the  Assembly,  you  will  find  that  they  never 
chained  any  part  of  their  line  to  know  the  distance,  and  therefore  cannot  be  capable  to 
lay  down  the  heads  of  the  waters.  «_,_,> 

Sir  I  hope  vou  will  send  me  a  few  lines  to  let  me  know  if  our  return  be  confirmed, 
or  we  must  run  it  over  again.  But  you  may  believe  that  the  ridge  of  the  mountain  and 
heads  of  the  waters  are  as  laid  down  in  our  return;  and  we  run  it  at  the  time  we  went 
with  you  to  Mr.  Croghan's,  and  did  not  expect  to  have  any  further  trouble;  and  1  yet 
think  that  his  Honor,  the  Governor,*  will  confirm  our  return,  or  order  them  to  disapprove 
of  it  by  course  and  distance. 

Sir   I  am  your  Honor's  most  humble  servant, 

Benjamin  Chambers. 

Location  of  County  Seat. —In  the  act  organizing  the  county  of  Cumberland 
the  same  persons  appointed  to  run  the  boundary  line,  or  any  three  of  them, 
were  authorized  to  purchase  a  site  for  county  court  house  and  prison,  subject 
to  approval  by  the  governor.  It  was  at  the  same  time  the  desire  of  the  pro- 
prietaries to  lay  out  a  town  at  the  same  place.  The  matter  of  selecting  a  suit- 
able site  was  very  difficult,  as  no  less  than  four  locations  were  offered.  At 
length  Thomas  Cookson,  Esq.,  the  deputy  surveyor  at  Lancaster,  was  sent  to 
examine  the  different  places  and  report  to  the  governor,  after  hearing  the  ar- 
guments in  favor  of  each.     He  reported  mainly  as  follows: 

Lancaster,  March  1,  1749. 

Honored  Sir:— In  pursuance  of  your  directions  I  have  viewed  the  several  places 
spoken  of  as  commodious  situations  for  the  town  in  the  county  of  Cumberland,  and  also 
the  several  passes  through  the  Kittochtinuy  and  Tuscarora  Mountains,  for  the  conven- 
ience of  the  traders  to  Allegheny.  I  shall  take  the  liberty  of  making  some  observations 
on  the  several  places  recommended,  as  the  inhabitants  ot  the  different  parts  of  the  county 
are  generallv  partial  to  the  advantages  that  would  arise  from  a  county  town  m  their  own 
neighborhood  And  first,  the  inhabitants  about  the  river  recommended  the  Manor,  that  be  - 
ing  a  considerable  bodv  of  the  propietaries'  land,  well  timbered,  and  likely  to  be  rendered 
valuable  should  the  town  be  fixed  there;  but  the  body  of  the  county  cry  loudly  against 
that  location  as  lying  in  a  distant  corner  of  the  county,  and  would  be  a  perpetual  incon- 
venience to  the  inhabitants  attending  public  business,  and  a  great  charge  of  mileage  to  the 
respective  officers  employed  in  it.  The  next  situation  is  on  Le  Tort  s  Spring.  This  place 
is  convenient  to  the  new  path  to  Allegheny  now  mostly  used,  being  at  the  distance  ot 
four  miles  from  the  gap  in  the  Kittochtinny  Mountain.     There  is  a  fine  stream  of  water 

*Got.  James  Hamilton. 


BI8T0RT  OF  CUMBEBLAND  COI  NTT. 

uihI  ■  body  of  good  land  on  each  side,  From  the  head  down  to  <  lonodogwainel  Creek,  and 

the  lands  on  both  -ides  of  the  C idogwainet  are  ihicklj  settled.     A-  these  lands  are  sel 

tied,  if  ii  should  be  thought  a  proper  situation  for  the  town,  the  people  possessed  of  them 
are  willing  to  sell  their  Improvements  on  •  rms,  or  exchange  them  foi 

lands  of  the  honorable  proprietors'      There  is  a  tract  of  about  8,000  acres  oi  tolerably  well 

:  land,  without  water,  adjoining  the  settlements  on   Le  Tort's  Spring,  which  maj 
ceable  to  accommodate  the  town,  and  lies  as  marked  in  the  plan. 
If  this  place  Bhould  not  be  central  enough,  the  next  situation  is  the  Bl    Spring.     It 

ile  ainl  a  half  to  the  northwest  "i  the  great  road,  five  miles  from  Dunnin 
seven  from  Shippensburg;  runs  into  tie-  Conodogwainel  in  about  three  mil's,  ami  has 
good  land  on  each  side  and  on  the  Conodogwainet,  and  a  great  quantity  ol   land  to  the 
southward,  which  is  tolerably  well  Umbered,  but  lias  no  water.    The  honorable  proprie 
taries  have  a  tract  of  1,000  acres  on  the  not  lodogwainet.  opposite  to  the 

spring,  ami  there  i-  a  gap  in  tin-  mountain  called  McClu  at  for  bringing 

from  Allegheny  to  this  place;  ami.  with  the  purchase  of  twoor  three  small  im- 

?B8  might  be  accommodated  with  a  sufficient  quantity  of  land 
or  that  purpose. 

As  to  Shi|']ien-.iiurLr.  I  havens.  say  anything,  tin'  lands  being  granted; 

ami.  indeed,  if  that  were  not  the  case,  the  lands  about  it  an-  unsettled,  for  the  want  of 
w  ster,  n  bicn  must  lie  a  sui  I  ion. 

The  next  place  proposed  was  on  the  Conococheaque  Creek,  where  the  road  crosses 
it  Tin-  lands  to  the  eastward  ol  it  are  vacant,  the  settlements  being  chiefly  on  the  si,ii- 
of  the  creek.  The  situation  is  very  good,  ami  there  is  enough  vacant  land,  as  only  the 
plantations  on  the  creek  would  need  to  be  purchased  This  place  was  proposed  as  more 
convenient  for  the  Indian  trade,  ami  opened  a  shorter  ami  latter  passage  through  the 
mountains,     l'  ,.  tssage  may  he  bad,  but  it  must  be  bj  various  turnings 

I 'pon  the  whole  the  choice  appears  to  me  to  lie  between  the  mm.  situations  of  Le  Ton  - 
Spring  ami  the  Big  Spring. 

Upon  fixing  the  spo  or  a  plan  of  the  town,  the  breadth 

of  the  streets,  the  lot-  to  be  reserved  ami  those  to  he  allotted  for  the  public  buildings,  In 
tie-  execution  of  which  or  any  other  Bervice  for  the  honorable  proprietaries  committed   to 

me  I  -hall  take  great  pleasure, 

I  am,  honored  sir.  your  most  obedient,  humble  servant. 

Thomas  COOKBON. 

The  site  upon  Le  Tort's  Spring  was  finally  determined  upon,  ami  Carlisle 
■prang  into  existence;  though,  oven  after  tin-  courts  were  removed  from  Ship- 
pensburg,  there  was  considerable  efforl  made  to  have  the  county  seat  located 
elsewhere  than  "u  the  Le  Tort,  various  reasons  being  urged  why  other  loca- 
tions wore  hotter  ai1a|>toi|  for  the  purpose.  The  place  was  laid  out  in  1751, 
and  as  late  as  May  'J7.  L753,  it  contained  but  five  dwellings. 

Division  of  County  into  Totrnshijis.  The  records  of  the  court  of  quarter 
-  of  Lancaster  County  for  November,  1735,  contain  the  following;  "On 
the  petition  of  many  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  North  Valley  on  the  west  side  of 
the  Susquehanna  River,  opposite  to  Paxton,  praying  thai  the  parts  settled  be- 
tween the -aid  River  and  Potomac  River,  on  C I  gwainet,  Yellow  Britches 

and  Conegochegue  Creeks  may  be  divided  into  townships  and  constables  ap- 
in  them,  it  was  ordered  by  court  that  aline  running  northerly  from  the 
Hills  to  the  southward  of  Yellow  Britches  (crossing  a  direct  line  by  the  Great 
Spring)  to  Kightotining  Mountain,  be  the  division  line,  and  the  easternmost 
township  be  called  I  tgh  and  the  western  Hopewell."     In  1711  Hope- 

well was  divided  "by  a  line  beginning  at  the  North  Hill  at  Benjamin  Moor's; 
bo  Widow  Hewres'  and  Samuel  Jamison's  and  in  a  straight  line  to  the 
South  Hill."  the  western  division  to  be  called  Antrim  tin  what  is  now  Franklin 
County)  and  tin'  eastern  retaining  the  name  ,,f  Hopewell.     In   1745  Penns- 

baroogh  seems  to  have  1 a  divided,  as  the  returns  are  then. first  made  from 

Pennsborough  and  West  Pennsborough.  Dickinson  was  formed  from. a 
portion  i, f  West  Pennsborough  in  1785;  Silvews'  Spring  (now  Silver  Spring) 
from  part  of  East  Pennsboroue/h  in  17^7.  and  Middleton  was  divided  into 
North  and  South  .Middleton  in  1810,  the  original  township  of  Middleton  having 
been  formed  as  early  as  L750,  when  the  county  was  organized.     [See  Chapter 

in.] 


70  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

The  first  courts  at  Carlisle  were  held  in  a  temporary  log  building  on  the 
northeast  corner  of  the  Public  Square,  where  St.  John's  Church  now  stands^ 
About  1766  a  small  brick  court  house  was  erected  in  the  southwest  quarter  o± 
the  Square.  March  3.  1801,  the  county  commissioners  advertised  for  proposals 
to  build  ' '  a  house  for  the  safe  keeping  of  the  public  records  of  the  county,  which 
are  known  to  have  been  nearly  completed  December  22,  1802.  It  was  a  build- 
ing also  of  brick,  adjoining  the  court  house.  In  1809  a  cupola  and  bell  were 
placed  upon  the  court  house.  An  incendiary  fire  on  the  morning  of  Monday, 
March  24.  1845,  destroyed  these  buildings,  with  the  fire  company  s  apparatus 
in  a  building  close  by.  The  county  records  were  mostly  saved  through  the 
efforts  of  the  citizens.  The  court  house  bell,  which  fell  and  was  melted  m 
the  fire  was  a  gift  from  some  of  the  members  of  the  old  Penn  family  and  had 
been  greatly  prized.  Steps  were  at  once  taken  to  erect  a  new  court  bouse,  and 
the  present  substantial  fire-proof  brick  building  was  completed  in  1846,  hav- 
ing cost  $48  419  It  is  70x90  feet  with  a  row  of  fine  Corinthian  columns  in 
front,  and  is  surmounted  by  a  belfry  in  which  are  a  clock  and  bell. 

A  stone  jail  was  built  about  1754,  on  the  northwest  corner  of  High  and  Bed- 
ford Streets  and  was  enlarged  in  1790.  A  petition  to  the  Assembly  for  aid  to 
complete  it  in  1755  met  with  no  response.  Stocks  and  a  pillory  were  also  erect- 
ed on  the  Public  Square  in  1754,  and  it  was  many  years  before  their  use  and  the 
custom  of  cropping  the  ears  of  culprits  were  abolished.  The  present  massive 
jail,  with  a  brown  stone  front  and  an  appearance  ike  that  of  an  ancient  feudal 
castle  withbattlemented  towers,  was  built  m  1853-54  at  a  cost  of  $42  JbU.  It 
stands  on  the  site  of  the  old  one  and  has  a  yard  in  the  rear  sm-rounded  by  a 
high   and  solid   stone  wall.      The   sheriff   resides    m  the  front   part    of    the 

blT1Thegpoor  of  the  county  were  for  many  years  either  "collected  near  the  dwell- 
ing of  some  one  appointed  to  have  charge  of  them,  or  farmed  out  to  those  who 
for  a  compensation  were  willing  to  board  them."  It  was  not  until  about  1830 
that  an  alms-house  was  erected  and  then  after  much  '•  consultation  and  negotia- 
tion" the  fine  farm  and  residence  of  Edward  J.  Stiles,  about  two  miles  east  of 
Carlisle,  in  Middlesex  Township,  were  purchased  for  the  purpose s  and  addi- 
tional buildings  have  since  been  erected.  Mr.  Stiles  was  paid  $13,250  for  his 
Xertv  In  1873,  at  a  cost  of  $33, 284,  a  building  was  erected  especially  for 
the  accommodation  of  the  insane  and  idiotic.  Many  improvements  have  been 
made  on  the  farm  and  it  is  a  credit  to  the  county. 

From  the  territory  originally  embraced  in  Cumberland  County  Bedford  was 
formed  in  1771;  Northumberland  in  1772;  Franklin .in  1 .84:  Mifflin  in 1788 
and  Perrv  in  1820  These  have  been  m  turn  subdivided  until  now,  18bb,  tne 
same  territory  embraces  about  forty  counties,  with  won  drous  resources,  great 
wealth  and  extensive  agricultural,  mining,  stock  and  manufacturing  interests. 
Cumberland  County  as  now  existing  includes  a  tract  thirty-four  miles  long  and 
from  eight  to  sixteen  miles  in  width.     Of  its  total  area,  239,  .84  acres  are  im- 

^pLulation.- By  the  United  States  census  for  each  year  it  has  been  taken 
the  population  of  Cumberland  County  is  shown  to  have  been  as  follows.  In  1790 
18  243-  in  1800  25,386;  in  1810,  26,757;  in  1820,  23,606;  m  1830,  29,226, 
in  1840,  30,953;  in  1850,  34,327;  in  1860,  40,098;  in  1870,  43,912;  in  1880, 

'  The  following  table  gives  the  population  by  townships  and  boroughs  from 
1830  to  1870,  except  for  the  year  1840: 


BI8T0R1    OF  CI  MBBRLAS M\ 


71 


Tow  N~ii 1 1-  on  Bob b 


Dickinson  Township 

tnsborough  Tow  nship 
Fraiikfonl  Township 

Hampden  Township 

Hopewell  Township 

Newburg  Borough 

Lower  Allen  Tow  nship 

Middlesex  Township 

Mifflin  Township 

Monroe  Tow  nship 

Newton  Township 

Newville  Borough  

North  Midi  Hi  i.  hi  Township.  .  . 
Carlisle  Borough 

Carlisle,  Bast  Ward 

Carlisle,  West  Ward 

IVnn  Township 

Bhippensburg  Tow  nship 

Bhippensburg  Bor  mgh 

silver  Spring  Township 

Mechantcaburg  Borough ....... 

Southampton  Tow  nship 

South  Mi.ldli  ton  Township. . . . 

I  Hen  Township 

New  Cumberland  Borough 

West  Pennsborough  Township. 


1880      1850       I860      1870 


8,600 
8,186 
1,888 


901 


8,094 
1,605 
1,841 
1,878 
1,058 


8, 1 16 
1,846 
1,401 
1,829 
1,826 


1,431 

1  562 
1,849 
580 
1.938 
::  rofi 


1,184 


1,574 

1,668 

885 
2,385 

4.081 


i  888 

1,460 
1,849 
1,978 
715 
l  046 
5  664 
2,918 


[80 
1,608 
1,798 

55 1 


1,782 


198 
1,568 
1  108 

882 
1,651 
8,262 
1,880 

815 
•J.  I  Mo 


877 
1,848 
8,801 
1,989 
1,985 
8,878 
1,375 

894 
'.'.  i ;;, 


8,719 
1,869 
1,199 

97"! 

898 
1,886 
1,417 
1,465 
1,888 
3,845 

907 
1,338 
6,650 
8,879 
2,271 
1,888 

881 

3,859 
3,569 
8,050 
8  336 

515 
2  L80 


By  the  census  of  L840  the  county  made  the  following  showing:  Numberfur 
d  the  county,  6,  producing  2,830  tons  cast  iron;  hands  employed  in  fur- 
naces and  forges,  W0;  capital  invested,  $110,000.  Number  borsesand  mules  in 
the  county,  9,247;  neat  cattle,  24,204;  sheep,  23,930;  swine,  17,235;  value  of 
poultry  (estimated),  $12,671.  Bushels  of  wheat  raised,  567,654;  barley  11  104- 
oats,  654,477;  rye,  247,239;  buckwheat,  13,772;  Indian  corn,  645,056  Other 
productions:  Pounds  wool,  17,133;  hope,  1,812,  beeswax,  680;  bushels  potatoes 

121,641;  tons  hay,  24,423;  tons  hemp,  Ll|;  cords  w Isold,  14,849;  value  of 

dairy  products,  $100,753;  orchard  products,  $18,860;  value  of  home-made  or 

f;mr>  '-' Is,  $24,660.   Number  tanneries,  31,  which  tanned  12,970  sidesol  sole 

leather,  10,771  of  ripper,  and  employed  64  men  on  a  capital  of  $89  L75  Soap 
nianufactnr.,1.  230,218  pounds;  candles,  15,060pounds.  Number  of  distilleries 
28,  producing  252,305  gallons  "alcoholic  beverages;"  breweries,  3,  producing 

12,000  gallons  1 r.     Fulling-mills,  12;  woolen  factories,  9,  making  $26,800 

worth  of  g la  and  employ  61    persons;   I   cotton   factory;   I    paper-mill';  54 

flouring-mills,  making  71,652  barrels  flour;  8  grist-mills;  63  Baw-millB;  1  oil 
mill.     Total  capital  invested  in  manufactories,  $390,601. 

Thecensusfor  L880  shows  the  following  exhibii   Cor  Cumberland  County- 
White  population,  13,807;  colored,  2,167;  Japanese,  3.     Ofth lord  popula 

turn  Carlisle  had  1,117,  and  of  the  total  inhabitants  in  the  count]  15,322  were 
natives  and  655  foreign  born.  Number  farms  in  county,  2,983;  acresimproved 
land,  232,093;  value  of  farms,  including  land,  fencea  and  buildings,  $19,776  - 
'•ISI>:  value  farming  implements  and  machinery,  $727,411;   value  live-stock  on 

farm-.  $1,358,224;  cost"  of  building  and  repairing  fences  in  1879,  $86  l 

■if  fertilizers  purchased  in  1879,  $52,042;  estimated  valueof  farm  products  Bold 
hand  for  1879,  $2,509,572;  bushels  barley  raised  in  1880   2  553-  bud 
wheat,    1,242;   Indian  corn,    1,219,107;    oats,  937,166;   rye,   33,055;  wheat 
834,517;  value  of  orchard  products,  $46,554;  tons  haj  raised.  52,284;  bushels 
Irish  |m  .tati.es.  144,418;  bushels  Bweei  potatoes,  9, 510;  pounds  tobacco,  148,118; 


72  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

number  horses.  10.737;  mules  and  asses.  652 :  working  oxen.  4:  milch  cow-.  12, 
614:  other  cattle.  13.442:  sheep,  8,772:  swine.  32,773;  pounds  wool.  5d,816; 
gallons  milk.  121,619;  pounds  butter.  960,516;  pounds  cheese,  2, 3o2;  number 
manufacturing  establishments.  308;  capital  invested.  $2,266,  109;  total  hands 
employed.  1.S92:  wages  paid,  8535.  068;  materials  used.  $1,72 /,681;  value  of 
products.  $2,850,640;  assessed  value  of  real  estate.  $l2,223,35o;  value  of 
personal  property,  $2,054,110;  total  taxation  for  1880,  with  the  exception  of 
one  or  more  townships  from  which  no  reports  were  received.  $180,480;  indebt- 
edness of  countv.  bonded  and  floating,  8142. 106. 

In  1778.  when  the  townships  in  the  county  were  Allen.  East  and  \\  est 
Pennsborough.  Hopewell.  Middleton  and  Newton,  besides  the  borough  of  Car^ 
lisle  there  were  111.055  acres  of  patented  and  wan-anted  lands.  512  acres  of 
proprietary  manor  lands,  and  206  lots  in  Carlisle,  upon  all  of  which  the  total 
taxation  was  £120  3s.  4d. 

The  population  of  Cumberland  County,  by  townships  and  boroughs  in  18SU, 
was  as  follows,  according  to  the  United  States  census  report: 

Carlisle  Borough.  6,209  (comprising  Ward  No.  1.  1,714;^  ardNo.  2.  L_0_: 
Ward  No.  3.1.613:  Ward  No.  4.  l,6S0i:  Cook  Township.  41 , :  Dickinson  Town- 
ship 1  741:  East  Pennsborough  Township.  3,084;  Frankford  Township,  1,5 14; 
Hampden  Township.  1,000:  Hopewell  Township.  1,069;  Lower  Allen  Town- 
ship. 972:  Meehanicsburg  Borough,  3,018  (comprising  Ward  No.  1.  l,lo3; 
Ward  No.  2.  763:  Ward  No.  3.  543:  Ward  No.  4.  559);  Middlesex  Township. 
1  466;  Mifflin  Township.  1.507:  Monroe  Township,  1.905:  Mount  Holly  Springs 
Borough  1,256;  Newbury  Borough.  433:  New  Cumberland  Borough.  569; 
Newton  Township.  1,843;  Newville  Borough.  1.547:  North  Middleton  Town- 
ship. 1.115;  Penn  Township.  1.521:  Shippensburg  Borough.  2.213:  Shippens- 
burg  Township.  494:  Shiremanstown  Borough.  404:  Silver  Spring  Township, 
2,263;  Southhampton  Township.  1.992:  South  Middleton  Township,  2,864; 
Tipper  Allen  Township.  1,400;  West  Pennsborough  Township.  2,161. 

In  November,  1SS5,  the  county  contained  the  following  postoffices:  Allen, 
Barnitz.  Big  Spring.  Bloserville!  Boiling  Springs.  Bowmansdale.  Brandts- 
ville.  CampDHill.  Carlisle*.  Carlisle  Springs,  Cleversburgh.  Dickinson.  Eber- 
ly'  s  Mill.  Good  Hope,  Greason,  Green  Spring.  Grissinger.  Hatton.  Heberhg. 
Hotniestown,  Hunter's  Bun.  Huntsdale.  K'errsville.  Lee's  Cross  Roads,  Lia- 
burn,  Mooredale.  Mechanicsburgh*.  Middlesex.  Middle  Spring.  Mount  Holly 
Springs.  Mount  Bock.  Newburgh.  New  Cumberland.  New  Kingstown.  Newlin. 
Newvflle*.  Oakville.  Pine  Grove  Furnace.  Plainfield.  Shepherdstown.  Ship 
pensburgh*  Shhemanstown,  Stoughstown.  Walnut  Bottom,  West  Fairview. 
Williams  Mill.  Wornileysburgh — total  47. 

INTERNAL    IMPROVEMENTS. 

Public  Road.  1735.— The  first  public  road  in  the  "  Kittochtenny"  (or  Cum- 
berland! Vallev  west  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  was  laid  out  in  1735,  by  order 
of  the  court  of  Lancaster,  from  Harris'  ferry  on  the  Susquehanna  to  W  illiams" 
ferry  on  the  Potomac.  (See  pioneer  chapter  for  further  items  concerning_the 
road.)  The  commissioners  to  lay  out  this  road,  appointed  November  4.  1735, 
were  Kandle  Chambers,  Jacob  Peat.  James  Silvers.  Thomas  Eastland.  John 
Lawrence  and  Abraham  Endless.  It  was  not  finished  beyond  Shippensburg 
for  a  number  of  vears.and  even  at  the  time  of  Braddock's  expedition  1 1  i  55)  "a 
tolerable  road  "  was  said  to  exist  "as  far  as  Shippensburg."  Indian  trails  were 
the  first  highways,  and  some  of  them  were  nearly  on  the  routes  of  subsequent 
public  roads. 

*Money  order  offices. 


^fr-La^i 


2£* 


>^7^ut^L^<^P^0  jCc 


-« 


HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  CODS  PJ  7.". 

Military  road,  1755.  This  was  in  no  part  in  the  present  county  of  Cum- 
berland, though  at  the  time  it  was  Cumberland.  It  extended  from  McDowell's 
mill,  near  Chamber8burg,  "  over  the  mountains  to  Raystown  (Bedford)  bj  the 
forks  of  the  Youghiogheny,  to  intersect  the  Virginia  road  somewhere  oil  the 
gahela,"  being  supposed  indispensable  for  the  supply  of  Braddook'B 
troops  on  the  route  to  Fori    DuQuesne,  and  after  their  arrival     The  commis 

appointed  to  la_\  it  oui  were  principally  from  Oumberland  I 
among  them  were  George  Croghan,  the  Indian  trader;  John  Armstrong,  who 
had  come  from  Ireland  about  L748,  and  was  then  (when  appointed  commis- 
sioner) a  justice  of  the  peace;  ('apt.  James  Burd;  William  Buchanan,  of  Car 
lisle,  and  Adam  Hoops,  of  Antrim.  A  route  was  surveyed  from  a  gap  in  the 
mountain  near  Shippensburg  over  an  old  Indian  trail  to  Raystown.  Armstrong 
■  I  Buchanan  were  called  from  the  wort  by  other  duties,  and  William  Smith. 
Francis  West  and  John  Byers  were  appointed  in  their  places.  The  road  was 
from  10  to  30  feet  wide,  according  to  work  necessary  to  construct  it.  200  men 
from  Cumberland  County  worked  on  the  road,  the  whole  cost  being  nearly 
£2,000.  The  mad  was  completed  to  Raystown  in  the  latter  pari  of  June. 
Braddook'e  defeat  rendered  further  work  unnecessary  and  Indian  troubles 
oaused  a  cessation  of  labor  upon  the  roads. 

The  Harrisburg  &   Chambersburg  Turnpike,  passing  through  Hogestown, 
m,  Middlesex,  Carlisle  and  Shippensburg  was  begun  by  an  incorporated 
company  in   1816,  ami  was  extensively  traveled  before  the  completion  of  the 
Cumberland  Valley  Railroad. 

The  Elanover  &  ( larlisle  Turnpike,*  running  southeast  from  Carlisle  by  way 
I  Petersburg  in  Adams  County,  to  Hanover  and  thence  to  Balti re,  was  be- 
gun in  1812,  and  the  Harrisburg  &  York  Turnpike  was  built  along  the  west 
side  of  the  Susquehanna. 

The  State  road  leading  from  Harrisburg  to  Gettysburg  and  crossing  the 
southeast  portion  of  Cumberland  County,  was  laid  out  in  L810.  It  is  said  that 
"it  met  with  much  opposition  at  first,  even  from  those  who  were  appointed  to  lo- 
cate it.  They  directed  it  over  hills  that  were  almost  impassable,  hoping  thus 
to  effect  its  abandonment,  but  its  usefulness  lias  since  been  so  thoroughly  dem- 
onstrated that  these  hills  have  been  either  graded  or  avoided." 

Among  other  very  earlj  roads  were  one  from  Hoge's  Spring  to  the  Sus 
quehanna  River  opposite  Cox's  town,  laid  out  in  October,   1759,  and  another 
from  Trindlo's  spring  to   Kelso's  ferry  in  January.   L792. 

Oumberland  Valley  Railroad.  Looking  hack  over  the  past  fifty  years,  the 
half  century's  horizon  includes  the  sum  total  of  that  almost  fairy  story  of 
magic  that  we  find  in  the  development  of  our  entire  system  of  railroads  to 
their  present  marvellous  perfection.  The  crude  and  simple  beginnings;  the 
old  strap  rails  that  would  so  playfully  curl  up  through  the  car  and  BOmetimes 
through  a  passenger;  the  quaint,  little,  old  engines  that  the  passengers  had  to 
shoulder  the  wheels  on  an  up-grade,  where  thej  would  "stall"  so  often  with 
ftfB  of  the  little  cars  attached  to  them;  the  still  more  curious  coaches,  built 
and  finished  inside  after  the  Btyle  of  the  olden  time  stage  coaches,  where  pas 
sengers  sat  face  to  face,  creeping  along  over  the  country — what  a  wonder  and 
marvel  they  were  then  to  the  world,  and  now  in  the  swift  half  century  what  a 
curiosity  they  are  as  relics  of  the  past  The  railroad  forced  the  coming  of 
the  telegraph,  the  telephone,  the  electric  light, — the  most  wonderful  onward 
sweep  of  civilization  that  has  yet  shed  its  sunshine  and  sweetness  upon  the  world 
in  tL i-  brief-told  story  of  fifty  years. 


•The  company  tobuild  thisroad  was  incorporated  March  23,  l«oo,  but  work 

i  was  built  upon  a  public  roa<" 
i  to  the  York  County  line." 


-luowmpuj  iu  iiuilu  in i?  rua»i  was  incorporated 
The  portion  between  Carlisle  and  the  York  County  line  was  built  upon  a'public  road  laid  out  i 
as  "the  public  road  from  Carlisle  through  Trent's  Gap  t     ' 


76  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

The  history  of  the  Cumberland  Valley  Eailroad  spans  the  entire  period  of 
railroad  existence  in  this  country.  The  first  charter  is  dated  m  April,  1831 
The  active  promoters  were,  among  others,  Judge  Frederick  Watts  Samuel 
Alexander  Charles  B.  Penrose,  William  Biddle,  Thomas  G.  McCullough, 
Thomas  Chambers,  Philip  Berlin  and  Lewis  Harlan.  _  The  designated  termmi 
were  Carlisle  and  the  bank  of  the  river  opposite  Harnsburg.  In  18d6  a  sup- 
plemented charter  authorized  the  construction  of  a  bridge  at  Harnsburg. 
Surveyors  completed  the  location  of  the  line  in  183o;  the  road  was  at  once- 
contracted  for  and  the  work  actively  commenced  in  the  spring  of  183b.  In 
Aueust  1837  it  was  "  partially  and  generally "  opened  for  business.  At 
first,  passengers  and  freight  were  transported  across  the  river  by  horse_power, 
and  but  a  small  force  of  this  kind  could  do  all  the  business  easily.  In  l«3o 
an  act  was  passed  extending  the  line  of  the  road  to  Chambersburg, 

In  1856  the  Cumberland  Valley  Road  was  authorized,  by  the  authority  ot 
the  States  of  Pennsylvania  and  Maryland,  to  purchase  the  Franklin  Railroad, 
which  also  was  one  of  the  early-built  roads  of  the  country.  It  was  then  a 
completed  road  from  Chambersburg  to  Hagerstown.  The  consolidation  of  the 
two  lines  was  effected  fully  in  1864,  and  at  once  the  line  was  completed  to  the 
Potomac— Martinsburg-the  present  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad;  a  distance 
of  94  miles  from  Harrisburg  to  Martinsburg.  An  extension  is  now  contem- 
plated of  twenty-two  miles  from  Martinsburg  to  Winchester,  which  opens  the 
way  for  this  road  to  the  tempting  marts  and  traffic  of  the  South  and  W. 
The  first  president  was  Hon.  Thomas  G.  McCullough,  elected  June  27  1835. 
His  executive  abilities  and  ripe  judgment-for  he  had  no  precedents  then  to 
follow,  so  he  had  to  evolve  a  system  for  the  young  and  awkward  giant  from 
his  own  brain— show  that  he  was  the  right  man  in  the  right  place  In  lb4U, 
Hon  Charles  B.  Penrose  became  the  president.  He  resigned  in  1841  having 
been  appointed  solicitor  of  the  treasury,  when  Judge  Frederick  _W  atts  now 
of  Carlisle,  became  the  president,  and  filled  the  position  ably  and  acceptably 
until  1873  when  he  resigned  to  become  the  commissioner  of  agriculture,  by 
the  appointment  of  President  Grant,  where  he  remained  six  years  and  retired 
to  private  life,  though  still  an  efficient  and  active  member  of  the  board  of 
directors  of  the  railroad. 

Thomas  B  Kenedy,  the  present  incumbent,  was  elected  to  the  position  on 
the  retirement  of  Judge  Watts.  He  resides  in  Chambersburg,  which  has  been 
his  home  since  early  boyhood.  The  history  of  the  other  general  officers  of  the 
road  is  told  wholly  in  the  long  life's  labor  of  General  E.  M  Biddle,  who  is 
now  the  secretary  and  treasurer,  and  who  has  filled  the  place  so  ably  and  well 
since  1839  What  a  wonderful  panorama  in  the  world's  swift  changes  since 
1839  has  unfolded  itself  and  has  been  a  part  of  the  official  life  of  General 
Biddle'  He  owes  now  one  great  duty  to  this  generation  and  to  future  man- 
kind, and  that  is  to  tell  the  story  of  what  he  saw  and  was  a  part  of-the 
particulars  of  the  little  crude  commencement  of  railroads  and  the  steps  leading 
to  their  present  greatness  and  boundless  capabilities.  A  sleeping  car  was  put 
on  this  road  in  1839-a  historical  fact  of  great  interest  because  it  was  the  first 
of  the  kind  in  the  world.  They  were  upholstered  boards,  three-deckers,  held 
by  leather  straps,  and  in  the  day  were  folded  back  against  the  wall,  very  sim- 
ple and  plain  in  construction,  but  comfortable. 

The  Dillsburg  &  Mechanicsburg  Railroad  is  a  branch  of  the  Cumberland 
Valley  Railroad,  extending  from  the  towns  indicated  in  its  name  The  length 
is  ei4t  miles.  It  was  organized  September  2,  1871,  and  completed  the  fol- 
lowing year.  It  has  been  a  paying  property  from  the  first,  and  adds  much  to 
the  comfort  and  well-being  of  the  people  of  the  country  it  taps. 


BISTORi   OF  CUMBERLAND  COl  NTT.  77 

The  financial  affairs  of  the  road  are  fulls  explained  in  the  Follow 

first  preferred  Btock 

Second  preferred  Btock  848  000  00 

Common  pre  fern.  I  Btock 

Mortgage  Bonds,  due  [004 7r,i  - 

mds,  due  1908 '.'.  [09 

Dividends  and  Interest  due '.'.....'.'.".  I i    ■ 

Profit  and  lus-; !."'.!!.'  704*871  01 

Totai $3,704,585  01 

Harrisburg  &  Potomac  Railroad.  The  original,  active  promoters,  the  or 
ganuers  and  builders  of  this  road  were  the  Al.l  Brothers,   Daniel  V.  an. I  Peter 

A.  Al.l.  of  Newville.      They  procured  the  charter,   furnished   kl ,,, *    for 

the  prelhninarj  work,  cashed  the  bonds  to  a  large  extent,  and  contracted  and 
built  the  original  road.  The  road  was  chartered  -Inn.'  --'7.  L870,  a-  the  Mer 
amar  Iron   >v    Railroad  Company,  it-  aame  explaining  the  original  purpose 

of  th.'  enterprise.     Ti ffioers  elected  June  '-'i>.  L870,  were  Daniel   \     Mil 

president;   Asbury  Derland,   secretary;    William  Gracey,   treasurer;    William 
H.  Miller,  solicitor.       The  road  was  buiH   from  Chambersburg  to   Richmond 
I'h,.  projeoi    was  then  expanded,  and  the  road  buill    from  Chambersb 
Waynesboro,  via  Mount  Alto.       Th  .,:    Daniel    \.  Al.l    John 

Evans,  Asburj  Derland,  John  Moore,  W.  E.  Langsdorf,  George  Clevei 
uelN.  Bailey,  Alexandei  Boaler.       A  braj 

surveyed  and  built  from  the  main  line  to  Dillsburg.  When  the  const 
of  the  lim.  was  about  completed  the  concern  Ml  into  great  financial  diffi. 
when  the  almosi  omnipotent  Pennsylvania  Road  gathered  it  quietly  to  ti 
and  shaped  its  destinies  int. »  the  present  line  of  road,  .and  it  took  it-  i 
name.  The  Htirrisluu^  a  Potomac  Railroad 

The  North  ,„  <  'entral  Railroad  passes  along  the  shore  of  the  Susquehanna 
g  the  eastern  end  of  Cumberland  Count)  in  whic]  mtninemiles 

of  road. 

Tht  South  Mountain  Railroad,  built  or  completed  in  1869,  by  the  South 
Mountain  Iron  Company  extending  from  Carlisle  to  I'm..  Grove  Furnace  Is 
seventeen  and  one-half  miles  long. 


CHAPTEE    V. 

Mllinn     Cumbehi  \m,  (  ...  nty  in  thi:  Revolution— The  Whiskey.  rNsuii 

KB)  1 1..\     I'm:  W'ai:  <>v  1813. 

TT^OR  more  than  ten  years  after  the  dose  ,.f  the  Indian  wars  the  inhabitants 
-L  of  the  count)  gave  their  attention  to  peaceful  pursuits.  Agriculture 
flourished  and  the  population  increased     Greai    Britain  finally  attempted  to 

force  her  American  colonies  to  comply  with  all  her  outrageous  demands  witJ I 

giving  them  any  voice  in  the  Government.     They  naturally  objected      The 
" Boston  port  bill "  roused  their  ire.     Tin-  count)    had  fevi    citizens 

who  stood  by  the  mother  country  in  such  pr dings.     July   12.  1771    a  pub 

lie  meeting  was  called,  of  which  the  following  are  the  minutes: 

"At  a  respectable  gathering  of  the  freeholders  and  freemen  from  several 
townships  of  Cumberland   Count)    in  the  province  of  Pennsylvania    held   at 


78  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

Carlisle,  in  the  said  county,  on  Tuesday,  the  12th  day  of  July,  1774,  John 
Montgomery,  Esq. ,  in  the  chair— 

1.  Boohed,  That  the  late  act  of  the  Parliament  of  Great  Britain  by  ^^^esoHhe 
Boston  is  shut  up,  is  oppressive  to  that  town  andsubversi  veof  th ^  ™t  J™ 
colony  of  Massachusetts  Bay;  that  the  principle  upon  which  the  act  •*  j0™1^;  £olonie8 
subversive  of  the  rights  and  liberties  of  that  colony  than  tis  of  aUrftar. B™^^ 
in  North  America:  and,  therefore,  the  inhabitants  of  Boston  are  suucnu= 

CaUSo  °That^ry  Porous  and  prudent  measure  ought  speedily  and  unanimously  to  be 
adopted  by  thesreycolSn!e  "for  obtaining  redress  of  the  grievances  under  "*"**£"*»& 

Sste^^^^^ 

°f  "?  ffiS^'SSStoSm  all  the  colonies  will  be  one  proper  method  for  oh- 

talnr  S  Kmt  purpose  will,  in  the  ^^S^g^^EM 
agreement  of  all  the  colonies  not  to  import  any ^menha  hse  ft ^  n°r  "^  ,lsudch}  merehan. 
dise  to  Great  Britain  Ireland,  or  the  Bri Ush  Wes^  ndies  nor  to«^«  obtained. 
dise  so  imported,  nor  tea  imported  from  anyplaa  w  nai  ever    m _iut     i      i  '  ,     hich 

SlsiiiiiiisSisssSSs 

^TThrta'SJmmittee  be  immediately  appointed  for  this  county  to  correspond  with 

sszss  ^  sssff  s  ssssrs^ra  »«a  - 

Brlf  «e  committee  «^^^±^^SS^.^^&^ 
^Z^YonllZT^^  Maglw^S  B'lane,  John  Allison,  John  Ha, 

riieis^^ 

in  order  to  con'cert  measures  praparatory  to  the  G-eral^ongress^^^^^  ^  .^ 

This  meeting  was  held  in  the  Presbyterian  Church  at  Carlisle,  and  the 
chairman^Mont-omery)  was  an  elder  in  the  church.  The  meeting  was  called 
on™t  of  "litter  Km  the  Assembly,  under  action  of  June  30,  caUing  upon 
each  county  to  provide  arms  and  ammunition  and  men  to  use  hem  faom  out 
their  associated  companies,  also  to  assess  real  and  personal  ^tesivtetrz? 
expenses.  The  Assembly  encouraged  military  organizations  and  promised  to 
see  that  officers  and  men  called  into  service  were  paid.  We  quote  Dr.  \\  ing  s 
notes  upon  the  men  composing  the  committee: 

«  James  Wilson  was  born  in  1742  in  Scotland;  had  received  a  finished  edu- 
cation at  St  Andrews,  Edinburgh  and  Glasgow,  under  Dr.  Blair  in  rhetoric 
and  Di  Watts  in  logic,  and  in  1766  had  come  to  reside  in  Philadelphia  where 
ne  studied  law  with  John  Dickinson,  from  whom  he  doubt  less '.-^some- 
thing of  the  spirit  which  then  distinguished  that  eminent  patriot,  ^ad- 
mitted to  practice  he  took  up  his  residence  in  Carlisle.  In  an  important  land 
Tase  which  had  recently  been  tried  between  the  proprietaries  and  Samuel 
Wallace  he  had  gained  the  admiration  of  the  most  eminent  lawyers  in  the 
province,  and  at  once  had  taken  rank  second  to  none  at  the  Pennsylvania  ba* 
At  the  meeting  of  the  people  now  held  in  Carlisle,  he  made  a  speech  which 
iew  toth  the  most  rapturous  applause.  Robert  Magaw  was  a  native  of 
Cumberland  County,  belonging  to  a  family  which  had  early  settled  in  Hop* 
well  Township,  and  was  also  a  lawyer  of  some  distinction  in  Carlisle.  The 
Seer  on  which  he  was  now  entering  was  one  in  which  he  was  to  beeomi >  known 
to  the  American  people  as  one  of  their  purest  and  bravest  officers.  W  ilham 
Irvine  wTs  a  native  of  Ireland  from  the  neighborhood  of  Enmskillen;  had  been 


BI8T0RY  OF  CUMBERLAND  county.  79 

ol Basically  educated  at  the  University  of  Dublin,  and  bad  earlj  evinced  a 
fondness  for  military  lif.'.  but  had  been  Lndaoed  bj  bis  parentc  to  devote  him- 
self to  the  medioal  and  Burgioal  profession.     On  receiving  his  diploma  ho  had 

1 a  appointed  a  surgeon  in  the  British  Navy,  where  he  continued   until  the 

r  the  French  war  (175J  83),  when   he  resigned  his  place,  removed  to 
America  and  settled  in  Carlisle,  where  he  acquired  a  high  reputation 
extensive  practice  as  a  physician.     William  Thompson  had  served  as  a  captain 
of  horse  in  the  expeditions  against  the  Indian-  (1759  60),  had  been  appointed 

a  justice  of  the  peace  in   Hopewell  Township,  and   had  latelj    I n   active  in 

the  relief  of  the  inhabitants  in  the  western  part  of  the  province  in  their  diffi- 
culties with  Virginia  on  the  boundary  question.  Jonathan  Hoge  and  John 
Oalhoon  had  been  justices  of  the  peace  and  judges  in  the  county,  and  be- 
lt© two  of  the  eldest  and  most  respectable  familes  in  the  vicinitj  of 
Silver-'  Sprint,'.  Ephriam  Blaine  we  have  known  for  his  brave  defense  of  a 
fort  at  Ligonier,  and  was  now  the  proprietor  of  a  large  property  and  mills  on 
the  Gonodoguinet,  near  the  cave,  about  a  mile  north  of  Carlisle.  John  Alli- 
son, of  Tyrone  Township;  John  Harris,  a  lawyer  of  Carlisle,  and  Robert 
Miller,  living  about  a  mile  northeast  of  Carlisle  in  Middleton  Township;  John 
Montgomery,  a  member  of  the  Assembly,  and  Robert  Callender,  formerly  an 
extensive  trader  with  the  Indians,  a  commissary  for  victualing  the  troops  on 

the  western  campaign  and  the  owner  of  mills  at  the  confluent f  the  Letort 

with  the  Conodoguinet,  were  all  of  thorn  active  as  justices,  judges  and  commis- 
sioners for  the  county. " 

The  three  delegates  from  Cumberland  County  were  at  Philadelphia  a  few 
days  later,  when  the  delegates  from  the  various  Bounties  of  the  province  as- 
sembled, and  -lame-  Wilson  was  one  of  tic  oommitt if  eleven  which  brought 

in  a  paper  of  "Instructions  on  the  present  situation  of  public  affairs  to  the 
representatives  who  were  to  meet  in  tho  Colonial  Assembly  next  week."  The 
proceedings  of  this  meeting,    the  subsequent  stepsof  the  Assembly,  and  all 

the    pro, linu'-    up    to   the    opening   of  hostilities,  are   matters   of  record  not 

accessary  to  introduce  her,'.  The  committee  of  thirteen  which  had  been  ap- 
pointed at  Carlisle,  July  12,  1771.  kept  busy,  an,  1  through  their  efforts  a 
"committee  of  observation"  was  chosen  by  the  people  who  had  general  over- 
sight of  civil  affairs,  and  few  counties  were  more  fortunate  than  Cumberland 
in  their  choice  of  men.  About  this  time  the  terms  "whig"  and  "tory"  began 
to  be  heard,  and  the  bitterness  the  two  partisan  factions  held  toward  each 
other  after  the  declaration  by  the  colonies  of  their  independence,  wa-  , 
leading  to  atrocious  crimes  and  terrible  murders  by  the  tories  when  they  could 
strike  like  cowards,  knowing  their  strength.  "  Few  such,"  sayBDr.Wing,  ■•were 
found  among  the  native  population  of  this  valley.  There  were  indeed  some 
both  in  civil  and  in  ecclesiastical  life  who  questioned  whether  they  had  a  right 
to  break  the  oath  or  vow  of  allegiance  which  they  had  taken  on  assuming  some 
official  station.  Even  these  were  seldom  prepared  to  go  so  far  a-  to  give  actual 
aid  and  comfort  to  the  enemy,  or  to  make  positive  resistance  to  the  efforts 
of  the  patriot-.  They  usually  contented  themselves  with  a  negative  withdraw- 
al from  all  participation  in  efforts  at  ■••.  Many  of  them  were  earn 
est  supporters  of  all  movements  for  redress  of  grievances,  and  paused  only 
when  they  were  asked  to  support  what  they  looked  upon  a-  rebellion.  These 
hardly  deserved  the  nam.- of  "tories,"  since  they  were  not  the  friend 
royal  prerogative,  and  only  doubted  whether  the  colonies  were  authorized  by 
what  they  had  suffered  to  break  entirely  away  from  the  crown  to  whicl 

had  sworn  allegiance,  and  whether  the  | pie  were  yet  able  to  maintain  this 

separate  position.     Among  these  who  deserved  rather  to  be  ranked  a 


80  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

jurors  were  one  of  the  first  judges  of  the  county,  who  had  recently  removed 
over  the  mountain  to  what  is  now  Perry  County,  and  two  clergymen  who  held 
commissions  as  missionaries  of  the  'Venerable  Society  in  England  for  the 
Propagation  of  Eeligion  in  Foreign  Parts.'  " 

James  Wilson,  of  Cumberland  County,  was  in  December,  1774,  appointed 
one  of  nine  delegates  to  a  second  Congress  to  be  held  the  next  year  m  Phila- 
delphia, and  held  the  position  until  1777.  Both  he  and  Robert  Magaw  were 
members  from  this  county  of  the  provincial  convention  which  met  at  Philadelphia 
January  23,  1775,  and  continued  in  session  six  days,  during  which  time  much 
business  of  great  importance  was  transacted. 

Upon  receipt  of  the  news  of  the  battle  of  Lexington  (April  1J,  ino). 
Congress  resolved  to  raise  an  army,  and  the  quota  of  Pennsylvania  was  figured 
at  4^00.  Word  was  sent  to  the  committee  of  Cumberland  County,  and  they 
proceeded  at  once  to  organize  companies  of  "  associators, "  many  of  which 
were  already  formed  on  the  old  plan  in  use  since  the  days  of  the  Indian 
troubles.  A  letter  from  this  county  dated  May  6,  1775,  said:  "Yesterday 
the  county  committee  met  from  nineteen  townships,  on  the  short  notice  they 
had.  About  3,000  men  have  already  associated.  The  arms  returned  amount 
to  about  1,500.  The  committee  have  voted  500  effective  men,  besides 
commissioned  officers,  to  be  immediately  drafted,  taken  into  pay,  armed 
and  disciplined  to  march  on  the  first  emergency;  to  be  paid  and  supported 
as  long  as  necessary,  by  a  tax  on  all  estates  real  and  personal  in  the  county; 
the  returns  to  be  taken  by  the  township  committees,  and  the  tax  laid  by 
the  commissioners  and  the  assessors;  the  pay  of  the  officers  and  men  as  in 
times  past.  This  morning  we  met  again  at  8  o'clock;  among  other  subjects 
of  inquiry  the  mode  of  drafting  or  taking  into  pay,  arming  and  victualing  im- 
mediately the  men.  and  the  choice  of  field  and  other  officers,  will  among  other 
matters  be  the  subjects  of  deliberation.  The  strength  or  spirit  of  this  county 
perhaps  may  appear  small  if  judged  by  the  number  of  men  proposed,  but 
when  it  is  considered  that  we  are  ready  to  raise  1,500  or  2,000,  should  we 
have  support  from  the  province,  and  that  independently  and  in  uncertain  ex- 
pectation of  support  we  have  voluntarily  drawn  upon  this  county  a  debt  of 
about  £27,000  per  annum,  I  hope  we  shall  not  appear  contemptible.  We 
make  great  improvement  in  military  discipline.      It  is  yet  uncertain  who  may 

g°'  From  July  3,  1775,  to  July  22,  1776,  John  Montgomery,  Esq.,  of  Carlisle, 
was  an  active  and  a  prominent  member  of  a  committee  of  safety,  consisting  of 
twenty-five  men  from  different  parts  of  the  province,  sitting  permanently  at 
Philadelphia,  and  having  management  of  the  entire  military  affairs  of  the 
province.  The  first  troops  sent  out  from  Cumberland  County,  were  under  the 
call  of  Congress  in  May,  1775,  and  were  from  the  association  companies,  the 
call  by  the  committee  of  safety  not  being  made  until  some  months  later.  To 
furnish  arms  and  ammunition  for  the  soldiers  was  the  greatest  difficulty,  es- 
pecially in  Cumberland  County.  "Each  person  in  the  possession  of  arms  was 
called  upon  to  deliver  them  up  at  a  fair  valuation,  if  he  could  not  himself  en- 
list with  them.  Rifles,  muskets,  and  other  fire-arms  were  thus  obtained  to  the 
amount  of  several  hundred,  and  an  armory  was  established  for  the  repairing 
and  alterino-  of  these,  in  Carlisle.  On  hearing  that  a  quantity  of  arms  and 
accoutrements  had  been  left  at  the  close  of  the  Indian  war  at  the  house  of  Mi-. 
Carson,  in  Paxtang  Township,  and  had  remained  there  without  notice  or  care, 
the  commissioners  of  Cumberland  County,  regarding  them  as  public  property, 
sent  for  them  and  found  about  sixty  or  seventy  muskets  or  rifles  which  were 
capable  of   being  put  to  use,  and  these   were  brought  to  Carlisle,  repaired 


HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY.  81 

uiul  distributed  Three  hundred  pounds  were  also  paid  for  saoh  arms  and 
equipments  a-  were  collected  from  individuals  who  could  not  themselves  come 
forward  as  soldiers,  All  persons  who  were  not  associated,  and  yei  were  "f  the 
age  and  ability  for  effective  service,  were  to  be  reported  by  tin'  assessors  to 
the  county  commissioners  and  assessed,  in  addition  to  the  regular  tax,  62  LOs, 
annually,  in  lienor  the  time  which  others  spent  in  military  training,  The  on 
1\  persons  excepted  were  ministers  of  the  gospel  and  servants  purchased  for  a 
valuable  consideration  of  any  kind.  It  was  assumed  that  thoBe  who  had  con 
Boientious  scruples  about  personally  bearing  arms  ought  not  to  hesitate  to  con- 
tribute  a  reasonable  share  of  the  expense  for  the  protection  fchej  received." 

The  first  troops  going  oat   from  Cumberland  made  up  eight  < ipaniesof, 

generally,  100  each, and  nearly  all  from  the  county.  The  regiment,  which  be- 
oame the  First  Kith-  Regiment  of  Pennsylvania,  was  form,.,!  of  men  already 
associated,  and  therefore  the  more  easily  organized  for  immedi at e  service.  It 
was  formed  within  ten  days  after  the  news  of  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill  had 
been  received.  The  companies  rendezvoused  at  Reading,  where  the  regiment 
was  fully  organized  by  the  election  of  officers  as  follows:  Col.  William 
Thompson,  a  surveyor  who  lived  near  Carlisle  and  had  served  with  distinction 
a-  an  officer  in  the  Indian  war;  Lieut. -Col.  Edward  Hand,  of  Lancaster;  Map 
Robert  Bfagaw,  of  Carlisle.  The  captains  of  the  several  companies  were 
lame-  Chambers,  of  Loudon  Forge,  near  Chambersburg;  Robert  ('luggage,  ,,| 
Hamilton  Township;  Michael  Doudel,  William  Hendricks,  of  East  Penns 
borough;  John  Loudon.  .lame-  Ross,  Matthew  Smith  and  George  Xagle. 
Burgeon— Dr.  William  Magaw,  of  Meroersburg,  a  brother  to  Robert,  Chaplain 
Rev.  Samuel  Blair.  The  regiment  marched  directly  to  Boston,  reaching 
camp  at  Cambridge  in  the  beginning  of  August,  177o.  when  it  consisted  of 
B  field  officers,  '•»  Captains.  27  lieutenants,  1  adjutant,  1  quartermaster,  1  sur- 
geon, 1  surgeon's  mate,  29  sergeants.   |:{  druniniers  ami  713  privates  fit  for 

duty,  or  798  men  all  told.     The  officers  wer immissioned  to  date  from  June  25, 

1775;  term  of  enlistment,  one  year.  This  was  the  first  regiment  from  west  of  the 
Hudson  to  reach  the  camp,  and  received  particular  attention.  They  were  thus 
described  bj  a  contemporary:    "  They  are  remarkably  stout  and  vigorous  men, 

many  of  them  ex ling  six  feet  in  bight,     They  are  dressed  in  white  frocks 

shirts  and  round  hats.  They  are  remarkable  for  the  accuracy  of  their 
aim.  striking  a  mark  with  great  certainty  at  200  yards  distance.  At  a  review 
B  company  of  them,  while  on  a  quick  advance,  fired  their  hall-  into  objects  of 
seven  inches  in  diameter  at  a  distance  of  250  yards.  Thej  are  stationed  in  our 
outlines,  and  their  shots  have  frequent!]  proved  fatal  to  British  officers  and 
soldier-  who  exposed  themselves  to  view  even  at  more  than  double  the  distance 
of  a  common  musket  shot."  Col.  Thompson,  with  two  of  his  companies  under 
Capte.   Smith  and  Hendricks,  went  with   the    expedition  to  Canada,   being  pro 

bably  part  of  the  troops  who  went  on  the  eastern  route  with  Arnold.     I> m 

her  31,    1  775,  they  were  in  the  assault  on  Quebec,  carried  the  harriers,  and  for 

three  hours  held  out  against  a  greatly  superior  force,  being  finally  compelled 
to  retire.  Of  the  body  to  which  this  regiment  belonged,  Gen  Richard  M  mi 
gamer}  -aid:  --It  is  an  exceedingly  line  corps,  inured  to  fatigue  ami  well  ac 
customed  to  common -hot.  having  served  at  Cambridge.  There  is  a  style  of 
oe  amongst  them  much  superior  to  what  I  have  Keen  accustomed  to  see 
in  this  camp. 

By    subsequent   promotions  Col.    Thomp-ou   became   a   brigadier  general; 

Lieut. Col.  Hand  sua ded  to  the  command  of  the  regiment;  ('apt.  Chambers 

became  lieutenant-colonel,  and  James  Armstrong  Wilson,  of  Carlisle,  major,  in 
place  of  Robert  Bfagaw,  transferred.     Part  of  the  regiment   was  captured  at 


82  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

Trois  Rivieres  and  taken  to  New  York,  while  Col.  Hand  barely  escaped  with 
the  balance.  Gen.  Thompson  was  finally  paroled  and  sent  home  to  his  family 
in  1777,  but  was  not  exchanged  until  October  26,  1780,  when  he  and  others 
were  exchanged  for  Maj.  -Gen.  De  Reidesel,  of  the  Brunswick  troops.  He  died 
on  his  farm  near  Carlisle  September  3,  1781,  aged  forty-five  years,  and  his 
death  was  undoubtedly  hastened  by  exposure  while  in  a  military  prison. 

Upon  the  expiration  of  the  term  of  enlistment  of  this  regiment,  June  30, 
1776,  most  of  the  officers  and  men  re-enlisted  "for  three  years  or  during  the 
war,"  under  Col.  Hand,  and  the  battalion  became  the  first  regiment  of  the  Con- 
tinental line.  The  two  separated  parts  of  the  regiment,  one  from  Cambridge 
and  the  other  from  Canada,  were  reunited  at  New  York,  though  some  of  its 
officers,  like  Magaw,  were  transferred  by  promotion  to  other  portions  of  the 
army.  It  was  at  Long  Island,  White  Plains,  Trenton  and  Princeton  under 
Hand.  In  April,  1777,  Hand  was  made  a  brigadier,  and  James  Chambers  be- 
came the  colonel.  "Under  him  the  regiment  fought  at  Brandywine,  German- 
town,  Monmouth  and  in  every  other  battle  and  skirmish  of  the  main  army  until 
he  retired  from  the  service,  January  1,  1781,  and  was  succeeded  by  Col.  Dan- 
iel Broadhead  May  26,  1781.  With  him  the  first  regiment  left  York,  Penn., 
with  five  others  into  which  the  line  was  consolidated  under  the  command  of 
Gen.  Wayne,  and  joined  Lafayette  at  Raccoon  Ford  on  the  Rappahannock 
June  10;  fought  at  Green  Springs  on  July  6,  and  opened  the  second  parallel 
at  Yorktown,  which  Gen.  Steuben  said  he  considered  the  most  important  part 
of  the  siege.  After  the  surrender  the  regiment  went  southward  with  Gen. 
Wayne,  fought  the  last  battle  of  the  war  at  Sharon,  Ga.,  May  24,  1782,  entered 
Savannah  in  triumph  on  the  11th  of  July,  Charleston  on  the  14th  of  Decem- 
ber, 1782;  was  in  camp  on  James  Island,  S.  C,  on  the  11th  of  May,  1783,  and 
only  when  the  news  of  the  cessation  of  hostilities  reached  thai  point  was  em- 
barked for  Philadelphia.  In  its  services  it  traversed  every  one  of  the  original 
thirteen  States  of  the  Union.  Capt.  Hendricks  fell  during  the  campaign  in 
Canada.  A  few  of  the  original  members  of  the  regiment  were  with  it  through 
all  the  various  scenes  of  the  eight  years  of  service.  Col.  Chambers  and  Maj. 
Wilson  both  retired  from  the  service  because  of  wounds  which  incapacitated  them 
from  duty.      The  regiment  had  a  splendid  record. 

Additional  regiments  from  Pennsylvania  were  called  for  by  Congress  in  the 
latter  part  of  1775,  and  the  Second,  Third  and  Fourth  Battalions  were  raised 
and  placed  under  the  command  of  Cols.  Arthur  St.  Clair,  John  Shea  and  An- 
thony Wayne.  The  Fifth  Battalion  was  commanded  by  Robert  Magaw,  who 
had  been  major  in  the  First,  and  was  composed  of  companies  principally  from 
Cumberland  County.  It  was  recruited  in  December,  17/5,  and  January,  1776, 
and  in  February,  1776,  some  of  its  companies  were  in  Philadelphia,  though 
the  main  body  of  the  regiment  left  Cumberland  County  in  March.  It  departed 
from  Carlisle  March  17,  1776,  on  which  occasion  Rev.  William  Linn,  who  had 
been  licensed  to  preach  by  the  Presbytery  of  Carlisle,  and  had  been  ap- 
pointed Chaplain  of  the  Fifth  and  Sixth  Battalions  of  Pennsylvania  militia,  de- 
livered a  stirring  patriotic  sermon,  which  has  been  preserved  in  print  to  the 
present  day.  The  command  proceeded  to  Long  Island,  assisted  in  the  con- 
struction of  defenses,  and  upon  the  retreat  assisted  other  Pennsylvania  regi- 
ments in  covering  the  same.  They  were  afterward  placed  in  Fort  Washington 
at  the  head  of  Manhattan  Island,  with  other  Pennsylvania  troops,  commanded 
by  such  officers  as  Cols.  Cadwallader,  Atlee,  Swope,  Frederick  Watts  (of  Car- 
lisle )  and  John  Montgomery,  the  whole  commanded  by  Col.  Robert  Magaw. 
Gen.  Howe  demanded  the  surrender  of  the  fort,  threatening  dire  consequences 
if  it  had  to  be  carried  bv  assault.      Col.   Magaw  replied  that   "he  doubted 


HisToKV  OP  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY.  s"> 

whether  a  threat  bo  unworthj  of  the  General  and  of  the  British  nation  would 
ted  "  "  But, "  said  he,  "  give  me  leave  to  assure  your  excellency  that, 
actuated  bj  the  most  glorious  oause  thai  mankind  ever  fought  in,  I  am  deter 
mined  to  defend  this  post  to  the  very  last  extremity."  And  thai  be  did, 
Washington  witnessing  part  of  the  operations  from  the  opposite  side  of  the 
Hudson.  Finally,  however,  November  L9,  L776,  the  gallant  Colonel  was  oom 
palled  i"  capitulate,  and  the  Btrong  position,  with  2,818  men,  fell  into  the 
hands  of  the  British  ('"1-  Magaw  remained  a  prisoner  on  parole  until  Onto 
bar  25,  17m).  when,  with  Gens.  Thompson  and  Laurens  he  was  exchanged  for 
the  British  major-general,  De  Reidesel,  .Many  of  .Macaw's  men  Buffered 
greatly  in  the  British  prisons,  but  they  refused  all  temptations  held  oul  to  in 
duos  them  t.>  desert  ami  enlist  in  the  royal  service.  A  lew  were  exchanged  in 
1777.  but  most  remained  prisoners  until  nearly  the  close  of  tin'  war. 

Thr  committee  of  correspondence  for  Cumberland  Count]  w  rote  to  Congress 
about  thr  middle  of  August)  177."):  "  The  twelfth  company  of  our  militia  has 
marched  to-day,  which  companies  contain  in  the  whole.   s:i:!  privates;  with 

Officers,  nearly  '.mi  I  men.  Six  companies  more  are  collecting  arms,  and  are 
preparing  to  march."  This  committee  of  correspondence  included,  among  others, 
John  Armstrong,  JohnByers,  Robert  Miller,  John  Agnew  and  James  Pollock;  all 
but  Byers  residents  of  Carlisle.    (Mr.  Miller,  in  L768  until  1782,  and  later,  ac 

OOlding  to  the  records,  owned  a  tan  yard,  and  lie  also  is  said  to  have  been  a  mer 
chant.  He  was  an  elder  in  the  church  and  held  numerous  oil  ices.  His  daughter, 
Margaret,  married  Maj.  James  Armstrong  Wilson.)   The  committee  reported  in 

December,  to  the  commitl f  safety,  thai  they  expected  to  be  able  to  raise  an 

entire  battalion  in  the  county,  ami  hoped  they  might  be  allowed  to  do  so,  in 
order  to  do  away  with  the  discords  generally  prevalent  among  bodies  of  men 
promiscuoii-ly  recruited.  Thej  recommended  as  officers  for  such  a  regiment, 
colonel.  'William  Irvine;  lieutenant  colonel.  Ephraim  Blaine;  major,  James 
Dunlap;  captains,  -lames  livers,  S.  Hay.  W.  Alexander.  J.  Tall >ott.  .1.  Wilson. 
•I.  Armstrong,  A.  Galbreath  and  R.  Adams;  lieutenants.  A.  Parker,  W.  Brat- 
ton,  G.  Alexander.  P.  Jack.  S.  MoGlay,  8.  MeKenney,  R.  White  and  J.  Mc- 
Donald. The  Sixth  Regiment  was  accordingly  organized,  and  William  Irvine 
received  his  commission  as  colonel,  January'.',  I77<>.  Changes  were  made  in 
the  other  officers,  and  they  were  as  follows:  lieutenant-colonel.  Thomas  Hart- 
ley, of  York;  major.  James  Dunlap,  who  lived  near  Newburg;  adjutant,  John 
Brooks;  captains,  Samuel  Hay.  Robert  Adams.  Abraham  Smith  (of  Lurgan), 
William  Bippey  (resided  near  Shippensburg),  James  A.  Wilson.  David  Grier, 
Mosee  McLean  and  Jeremiah  Talbotl  (of  Chambersburg).  The  regiment 
marched  in  three  months  after  Col.  Irvine  was  commissioned,  and  joined  the 
army    before   Quebec,    in    Canada.      It    was    brigaded   with    the    First.  Second 

and   Fourth  Regiments;  the  brigade  being  c manded  first  by  Gen.  Thomas, 

and  after  his  death,  by  Gen.  Sullivan.  The  latter  sent  Col.  Irvine  and  Gen. 
Thompson  on  the  disastrous  Trois  Rivieres  campaign,  when,  June  8,  I77<i.  so 
many  of  the  men  were  captured,  together  with  the  commanders.  The  portion 
of  the  regiment  that  escaped  capture  fell  bach  to  oaplain  and  wintered 

under  command  of  Lieut.  Col.  Hartley.  Most  of  the  men  re  enlisted  after  their 
original  term  of  service  had  expired  (January  I.  1 777 1.  and  the  broken  Sixth 

and  Seventh  Regiments  wer nsolidated  into  a  new  one  under  the  i 

of  Col.  David  Greer.  Col.  Irvine,  like  the  others  on  parol,  was  exchanged 
May  I').  1  ■  1 7 .  and  appointed  colonel  of  the  Second  Pennsylvania  Regiment. 
May  12,  I  <  79,  he  was  made  a  brigadier  general,  and  served  one  or  two  years 
under  Gen.  Wayne.  In  1781  hewasstati d  at  Fort  Pitt  He  died  at  Phil- 
adelphia July  29,  1804     ('apt.  Rippey,  who  was  captured  at  Trois  Rivieres, 


86  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

succeeded  in  making  his  escape.     After  the  war  he  resided  at  Shippensburg, 
where  he  kept  a  hotel. 

May  15, 1776,  Congress  passed  a  resolution  recommending  "  to  the  respective 
assemblies  and  conventions  of  the  United  Colonies,  where  no  government  suffi- 
cient to  the  exigencies  of  their  affairs  has  been  hitherto  established,  to  adopt 
such  government  as  shall,  in  the  opinion  of  the  representatives  of  the  people, 
best  conduce  to  the  happiness  and  safety  of  their  constituents  in  particular 
and  America  in  general. "      On  the  3d  of  June ,  that  body  also  devised  measures 
for  raising  a  new  kind  of  troops,  constituting  them  the  "flymg  camp,     inter- 
mediate between  militia  and  regulars,  to  consist  of  10,000  men  from  the  States 
of  Pennsylvania,  Maryland   and  Delaware.      The  quota  of  Pennsylvania  was 
6  000  men,  but  as  1,500  had  already  been  sent  into  the  field,  the   immediate 
demand  was  for  4,500,  and  it  was  finally  settled  that  the  quota  of  Cumberland 
County  was  334,   as  so  many  had  already  been  sent  out  from  said   county. 
Meantime,  the  Assembly  having  dissolved,  and  the  committee  of  safety  declining 
to  act,  it  became  necessary  for  the  people  to  organize  some  form  of  government, 
and  on  recommendation  the  several  county  committees  met  and  sent  delegates, 
for  that  purpose,  to  a  meeting  held  at  Carpenter's  Hall,  Philadelphia,  June  18, 
1776.       Cumberland  County  was  represented  by  James  McLane,   of  Antrim 
Township;  John  McClay,  of  Lurgan;  William  Elliot,  Col.  William  Clark  and 
Dr.  John  Calhoon,  of  East  Pennsborough;  John  Creigh  and  John  Harris,  of 
Carlisle;  Hugh  McCormick  and  Hugh  Alexander,   of  Middle   Spring,     This 
conference  continued  in  session  one  week,  approved  the  resolutions  of  Congress, 
declared  the  existing  government  in  the  province  incompetent,  and  appointed 
the  15th  of  July  as  the  date  for  holding  a  convention  at  Philadelphia  to  frame 
a  new  government  based  upon  the  authority  of  the  people.      Voting  places  for 
delegates  from  Cumberland  County,  were  established  at  Carlisle,  with  Robert 
Miller  and    James  Gregory,  of  that   town,   and  Benjamin  Blyth,  of  Middle 
Spring,  as  judges  of  election;  at  Chambersburg,  with  John  Allison  and  James 
Maxwell  and  John  Baird  as  judges;  at  Robert  Campbell's,  in  Hamilton  Town- 
ship, with  William  Brown,  Alex  Morrow  and  James  Taylor  as  judges.      The 
election  was  held  July  8,  and  William  Harris,  then  practicing  law  at  Carhs^, 
William  Clark,  William  Duffield  (near  Loudon) ;  Hugh  Alexander,  of  Middle 
Spring;  Jonathan  Hoge  and  Robert  Whitehill,  of  East  Pennsborough;  James 
Brown,  of  Carlisle,   and  James  McLane,  of  Antrim,  were  chosen   delegates. 
The  convention  met  per  appointment,  July  15,   and  adopted  a  constitution, 
which  in  spite  of  some  informalities,  was  acquiesced  in  by  the  people  for  a 
number  of  years.      Among  other  acts  of  the  convention  it  appointed  a  council 
of  safety,  of  which  William  Lyon  was  a  member  from  Cumberland  County. 

George  Chambers,  in  an  excellent  work  upon  the  "Irish  and  Scotch  and 
Early  Settlers  of  Pennsylvania,"  published  at  Chambersburg  in  1856,  says  of 
the  period  at  which  we  have  now  arrived:  "The  progress  of  the  war  and  the  op- 
pressive exactions  of  the  British  Government  after  a  few  months  unsettled  public 
opinion  on  this  question  [that  of  separation  from  the  mother  country,  Ed.] 
and  the  necessity  and  policy  of  independence  became  a  debatable  question  with 
the  colonists  in  their  social  meetings.  At  this  time  there  were  no  newspapers 
published  in  Pennsylvania,  we  believe,  west  of  York.  The  freemen  of  the 
County  of  Cumberland,  in  this  province,  were  amongst  the  first  to  form  the 
opinion  that  the  safety  and  welfare  of  the  colonies  did  render  separation  from 
the  mother  country  necessary.  The  first  public  expression  of  that  sentiment 
and  its  embodiment  in  a  memorial  emanated  from  the  freemen  and  inhabitants 
of  that  county  to  the  assembly  of  the  province  and  is  among  the  national  arch- 
ives."     Mr.  Chambers  in  further  speaking  of  this  memorial  says:    "  The  me- 


BISTORT  OF  CUMBERLAND  OOUNTT.  87 

•morial  from  Cumberland  Count]  bears  evidence  thai  the  inhabitants  of  thai 
county  were  in  advanoe  of  their  representatives  in  the  Assembly  and  in  Con- 
gress, "ii  the  snbjeot  of  independence.     The  considerations  suggested  to  them 

had  their  inflnenoeoo  the  who  adopted  the  petiti >f  the  mi 

-.-t>  and  withdrew  the  instruol  ions  thai  bad  been  given  to  the  delegates  in  Con 
□  opposition  t"  independence.     As  the  Cumberland  memorial  was  pre- 
sented  to  the  Assemblj  on  1 1 1 « -  23d*  of  May,  177ii,  it  probably  bad  occupied  the 
attention  and  consideration  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  Cumberland  Valley  early 
in  that  month.     As  there  was  ao  rei istrance  from  this  distriol  bj  any  dissat- 
isfied with  the  purposes  of  the  memorial  we  are  to  suppose  thai  it  expressed  the 
public  sentiment  of  thai  large,  respeotable  and  influential  district  of  the  pro^ 
ince  which  bad  then  many  officers  and  men  in  the  ranks  of  the  Continental  Army." 
When  in  Congress  the  motion  for  independence  was  finally  acted  upon,  the 
9ylvania  was  carried  forit  by  the  deciding  vote  of  James  Wilson, 
of  Cumberland  County,  and  of  him  Bancroft  says  i  History  of  the  United  States 
Vol  VIII.  pp.  156    159)     "He  hail  at  an  earl}  daj  foreseen  independence  as 
the  probable,  though  not  the  intended  result  of  the  contest;  be  had  uniformly 
declared  in  his  place  thai  he  never  would  vote  for  it  contrary  to  his  instructions; 
nay.  thai  he  regards  1  it  as  something  m  ire  than  presumption  to  take  a  step  of 
Buoh  importance  without  express  instructions  and  authority.      'For'  said  he, 
ought   this  act  to  be  the  ad  of  four  or  five  individuals,  or  should  it  be  the  act 
"f  the  people  of  Pennsylvania?1     But  now  that  their  authority  was  communi- 
cated by  the  oonferen f  committees  be  Btood  on  very  different  ground." 

Mr.  Chambers  Bays:  "The  majority  of  the  Pennsylvania  delegates  remained 
inflexible  in  their  unwillingness  to  vote  for  the  measure,  at  the  head  of  which 
opposition  was  the  distinguished  patriot,  John  Dickinson,  who  opposed  the 
measure  cot  as  bad  or  uncalled  for,  l>ut  as  premature.  But  when  on  the 
4th  of  July  the  subject  came  up  for  final  action,  two  of  the  Pennsylvania  del- 
egates, Dickinson  and  Morris,  who  voted  in  the  negative,  absented  themselves. 
and  the  vote  of  Pennsylvania  was  carried  by  the  votes  of  Franklin,  Wilson  and 
Morton  against  the  votes  of  Willing  and  Humphreys.  The  men  who  voted  in 
opposition  to  this  measure  were  .-.teemed  hi  mest  and  patriotic  men  but  were  too 
timid  for  the  orisis.  They  faltered  ami  shrank  from  responsibility  and  danger 
when  they  should  have  been  firm  and  brave."  The  Declaration  of  Independ- 
ence though  adopted  on  the  Ith  of  July  was  not  signed  until  August  16  follow- 
ing. The  name  of  James  Wilson  was  affixed  to  the  document  with  those  of  tie- 
other  delegates,  and  Cumberland  County  has  the  satisfaction  of  knowing  that 
her  citizens  and   foremost  men   had  an  important  voice  in   the  formation  of  the 

Republic  which  is  now  so  dear  to  mole  than  50,000,000  | pie. 

After  this  step  had  1 n  taken  bj  the  colonic-  there  was  no  way  of  honor- 
able retreat  from  the  ground  they  had  taken.  The  struggle  was  upon  them, 
and  many  were  the  dark  and  trying  hours  before  it  closed  in  their  favor  and 
the  nation  was  firmly  established.  ft  was  with  difficulty  the  ranks  were  kept 
full.  Many  had  enlisted  for  only  one  year,  and  BOme  as  emergency  soldiers 
for  as  short  a  period  as  three  month-.  The  appeals  i  f  the  recruiting  officers 
are  described  as  most  stirring,  and  the  county  of  Cumberland,  like  others,  was 
kept    in  a  constant  state  of  excitement.       Bj   strenuous  efforts  the  flagging 

energy  of  the  ] pie  was  renewed.     October   16,   1776,  William  Lyon,  who 

that  day  took  his  seal  as  member  from  Cumberland  County  of  the  council  of 

safety,  proposed  to  the  board  of  war  to  continue  a  larger  force  in  the  State,  to 
protect  ii  both  against  British  troops  and  " the  growing  party  of  disaffected 
persons  which  unhappily  exists  at  this  time,"  also  to  carry  on  the  necessarj 

"i  nhi-r  authuritv  says  M 


HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 


works  of  defense.  It  was  resolved  to  raise  four  battalions  of  500  men  each 
(for  the  immediate  defense  of  the  State),  of  militia  from  the  counties  of  York, 
Cumberland,  Lancaster  and  Berks-one  battalion  for  each  county  The  news 
from  Trenton  (December  3,  1776)  and  Princton  (January  3,  1777)  encouraged 
the  people  and  recruiting  became  more  lively.  July  i,  17  (6,  a  military  con- 
vention representing  the  fifty-three  associated  battalions  of  Pennsylvania,  met 
at  Lancaster  and  chose  two  brigadier-generals  to  command  the  battalions  and 
forces  of  Pensylvania  (Daniel  Robardeau,  of  Philadelphia,  and  James  Ewing,  of 
York).  Cumberland  County  was  represented  at  this  convention  by  Col  John 
Armstrong;  Lieut. -Cols.  William  Blair,  William  Clark  and  Frederick  Watts, 
Mai.  James  McCalmont:  Capts.  Rev.  John  Steel,  Thomas  McClelland,  John  Da- 
vis James  MeFarlane  and  George  Robinson,  and  privates  David  Hoge,  Ephraim 
Steel  Smith,  Pauling,  Brown,  Sterrett,  Hamilton,  Read,  Finley,  and  Vance. 
When  the  "Flying  Camp"  was  formed,  two  regiments  had  been  organized  in 
Cumberland  County  under  Cols.  Frederick  Watts  and  John  Montgomery,  of 
Carlisle,  and  sent  to  Washington  at  Long  Island;  they  were  captured  with 
others  at  Fort  Washington,  but  the  officers  were  soon  exchanged  and  later 
commanded  regiments  under  a  new  arrangement.      We  quote  at  considerable 

length  from  Dr.  Wing:  

"When  Gen.  Howe  appeared  to  be  about  crossing  New  Jersey  to  get  pos- 
session of  Philadelphia  by  land  (June  14,  1776),  messengers  were  dispatched  to 
the  counties  to  give  orders  that  the  second  class  of  the  associated  militia  should 
march  as  speedily  as  possible  to  the  place  to  which  the  first  class  had  been  or- 
dered and  that  the  third  class  should  be  got  in  readiness  to  march  at  a  moment  s 
notice      These  orders  were  at  once  complied  with,  but  before  the  companies 
from  this  county  had  started,  the  order  was  countermanded  on  account  of  the 
return  of  the  British  troops  to  New  York.     It  soon,  however   became  known 
that  the  approach  to  Philadelphia  was  to  be  by  transports  up  Chesapeake  Bay 
and  Delaware  River,  and  a  requisition  was  made  upon  the  State  for  4,00U  mili- 
tia in  addition  to  those  already  in  the  field.      One  class,  therefore   was  again 
ordered  from  the  county.      On  the  5th  of  October,  1  <76,  the  council  of  safety 
resolved  to  throw  into  the  new  continental  establishment  two  of  the  three  Penn- 
sylvania battalions,  before  in  that  service,  to  serve  during  the  war,  and  the  third 
was  to  be  retained  in  the  service  of  the  State  until  the  1st  of  January,  17  ?«, 
unless  sooner  discharged,  and  to  consist  of  ten  companies  of  100  men  each  in- 
cluding officers.      The  privates  of  the  three  battalions  were  to  continue  m  the 
service°  of  the  State,  the  officers  according  to  seniority  to  have  the  choice  ot 
entering  into  either,  and  the  two  battalions  to  be  recruited  to  their  full  com- 
plement of  men  as  speedily  as  possible.     By  this  new  arrangement  Pennsylva- 
nia was  to  keep  twelve  battalions  complete  in  the  Continental  service.      Of 
course  this  broke  up  all  previous  organizations,  and  renders  it  difficult  to  trace 
the  course  of  the  old  companies.      We  have  seen  that  on  the  loth  of  August 
thirteen  companies  fully  officered  and  equipped  had  left  the  county  for  the 
seat  of  war,  and  six  others  were  preparing  to  go.      The  regiments  of  Cols 
Thompson,  Irvine  and  Magaw,  we  have  noticed,  and  two  or  three  others  must 
have  been  in  existence  about  this  time.      One  of  these  was  commanded  by  Col. 
Frederick  Watts  and  Maj.  David  Mitchell,  and  another  by  John  Montgomery, 
who  after  the  dissolution  of  the  committee  of  safety,  July  22,  1  nQ,  appears  to 
have  taken  charge  of  a  regiment.      Both  of  these  regiments  were  at  the  taking 
of  Fort  Washington  and  were  then  captured.      One  of  the  volunteer  companies 
under  Col    Watts,  after  the  latter  had  been  set  at  liberty  and  been  put  again 
at  the  head  of  a  regiment,  was  commanded  by  Capt.  Jonathan  Robinson,  ot 
Sherman's  Valley,  the  son  of  George  Robinson,  who  suffered  so  much  in  the 


history  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY.  89 

Indian  war.  and  who  now.  though  above  fifty  years  of  age,  had  entered  the 
patriot  army.  This  oompanj  was  in  the  battle  of  Princeton,  and  was  for  Borne 
tome  stationed  at  thai  town  t"  guard  againsi  the  British  and  to  act  as  Boouts  to 
intercept  their  foraging  parties.  Near  the  close  of  the  year  177»i,  or  the  be 
ginning  of  1777.  battalions  began  to  be  designated  bj  numbers  in  their  respect 
rve  counties  and  are  made  of  the  First.  Second.  Third,  etc.,  of  Cumberland 
County.  This  was  under  the  new  organization  of  the  militia  of  the  Stale 
The  first  was  organized  in  January,  1777.  when  'Col.  Ephraim  Blaine  of  the 
Pint  Battalion  oft  Cumberland  County  militia  is  directed  to  hold  an  election  foi 
held  officers  in  the  said  b  two-thirds  of  the  battalion,  now  marched 
and  marching  to  camp,  require  the  same.'  A< dinglj  the  Colonel  was  fur- 
Dished  with  blank  commissions  to  till  when  the  officers  should  be  chosen. 
('apt-.  Samuel  Postlethwaite,  Matthias  Selers,  John  Steel,  William  chambers 
and  John  BoggS  are  mentioned  in  the  minutes  of  the  council  of  safety  as  OOU- 
with  this  regiment.  Col.  Blaine's  connection  with  the  regiment  must 
have  been  brief,  for  he  was  soon  transferred  to  the  commissary  department. 
and  we  find  it  under  the  oommand'of  Col.  JamesDunlap  (from  near  Newburg, 
and  a  ruling  elder  in  the  congregation  of  Middle  Spring),  Lieut. -Col.  Robert 
Oulbertson,  and  connected  with  three  companies  from  what  is  now  Franklin 
County,  viz.:  those  of  Capte.  Noah  Abraham  of  Path  Valley,  Patrick  Jack  of 
Hamilton  Township  and  Charles  MoClay  of  Lurgan.  The  Second  Battalion 
was  at  first  under  the  command  of  CoL  John  Allison,  a  justice  of  the  peace  in 

1 1  Township,  over  the  mountains,  and  a  judge  of  the  county,  but  a  ft  er  his 
retirement  l for  he  was  now  past  middle  life)  it  was  for  awhile  under  the  com- 
mand of  Col.  James  Murray,  and  still  later  we  find  it  under  John  Davis,  of 
Middletoii.  near  the  Conodoguinet.  Under  him  were  the  companies  of  Capts. 
William  Huston,  Charles  Deeper  (of  the  Middle  Spring  congregation),  .lames 
Crawford.  Patrick  Jack  (sometimes  credited  to  this  regiment),  Samuel  Royal 
and  Lieut.  George  Wallace.  While  this  regiment  was  under  marching  orders 
for  Anihoy.  near  January  1.  1777.  they  took  from  such  persons  as  were  not 
associated,  in  Antrim  and  Peters  Township,  whatever  arms  were  found  in  their 

don,  to  he  paid  for  according  to  appraisement  by  the  Government.  The 
Fourth  Battalion  was  under  Col.  Samuel  Lyon,  and  had  in  it  the  companies  of 
Capts.  John  Purdy,  of  East  Pennsborough ;  James  McConnel,  of  Letterkenny, 
and.  in  177^.  ofjonathan  Robinson,  ,  .f  Sherman's  Valley:  Stephen  Stevenson. 
who  was  at  first  a  lieutenant  but  afterward  became  a  captain.  The  Fifth  Bat 
talion  was  commanded  by  Col.  Joseph  Armstrong,  a  veteran  of  the  Indian 
war  and  of  the  expedition  to  Eittanning,  and  in  L756-57,  a  member  of  the 
Colonial  Assembly.  Most  of  this  regiment  was  raised  in  Hamilton,  Letterkenny 
and  Lurgan  Townships,  and  its  companies  at  different  times  were  under  Capts, 
John  Andrew.  Robert  Culbertson  (for  a  time),  Samuel  Patton,  John  McCon- 
nel, Conrad  Snider.  William  Thompson.  Charles  McClay  (at  one  period), 
James  McKee,  James  Gibson,  John  Rea,  Jonathan  Robinson.  George  Mat- 
thews  and  John   Boggs.      John  Murph]    was   a  lieutenant   and  John  Martin 

ensign.     Capt.  MoClay' s  men  are  said  to  have  1 □  over  six  feet  in  height  and 

to  have  numbered  100,  and  the  whole  regiment  was  remarkable  for  its 
vigor  and  high  spirit.  It  suffered  severely  at  the  battle  of  "Crooked  Billet," 
in  Berks  County.  May  4.  1778,  when  Gen.  Lacy  was  surprised  and  many  of 
his  men  were  butchered  without  mercy,  'the  Sixth  Battalion  was  commanded 
by  Col.  Samuel  Culbertson,  who  had  been  a  lieutenant-colonel  in  the  First  but 
was  promoted  t"  the  command  of  the  Sixth.  John  Work  was  the  lieutenant- 
colonel;  James  McCammont.  major;  John  Wilson,  adjutant;  Samuel  Finley, 
quartermaster,  and  Richard  Brownson,  surgeon,  and  Patrick  Jack,  Samuel  1  'at 


yO  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

ton,  James  Patterson,  Joseph  Culbertson,  William  Huston,  Robert  McCoy  and 
John  McConnel  were  at  some  periods  captains. 

<<  As  the  period  for  which  the  enlistments   about  this  time,  when  the  inva- 
sion   of  Pennsylvania  was  imminent,   was  usually  limited  to  six  months  and 
sometimes  even  to  three  and  two  months,  we  need  not  be  surprised  to  find  that 
at^ifferent  times  the  same  men  and   officers  served  m  two  or  three  different 
regiments.     As   an  instance  J.   Robinson  says  that  he  entered  the  service  a 
mmiber  of  times  on  short  enlistments  of  two  or  three  months,  and  was  placed 
Tn  different  regiments  and  brigades.      The  Seventh  Battalion  is  believed  to  have 
consisted  of  remnants  of  the  old  Fifth  and  Sixth  Continental  Regiments,   and 
was  commanded  by  Col.  William  Irvine.      These  soldiers  re-entered  the  service 
Is  the  Seventh  Battalion  in  March,  1777,  and  were  under  the  command  of  its 
major    David  Crier,  until  the  release  of  Irvine  from  his  parole  as  a  prisoner  of 
w«r  riVTav  6    1777)       In  1779  Col.  Irvine  was  commissioned  a  brigadier    and 
Tervd  under  Gn^  Wayne,  but  before  this  (July  5,  1777)  Abraham  Sm  th,  of 
Lurgan  Township,   was   elected  colonel.      Among  the  cap  ams  were  William 
2v;  Samuel  Montgomery,  who  became  captain  of  Smith  s  company  when 
the  latter  was  promoted;  John  Alexander,  before  a  lieutenant  m  Smith  s  com- 
pany  Alexander  Parker;  Jeremiah  Talbott,  who  in  the  latter  part  of  the  year 
?777  was  promoted  a  major  in  the  Sixth,  and  served  in  that  position  until  the 
close  of  the  war.     He  was  the  first  sheriff  of  Franklin  County  (October,  1-84) 
and  was  twice  re-elected.      The  Eighth  Battalion  was  commanded  by  Abraham 
Smith   who  was  chosen  July  6.    1777,  probably  from  Lurgan    and  a  member 
of  the  congregation  of  Middle  Spring.     Its  officers  were  largely  taken  from  a 
smile  remarkable  family  in  Antrim  Township.      The  head  of  this  family  had 
settled  very  early,  about  1735,  two  and  a  half  miles  east  of  where  Greencastle 
now  is   and  had  died  near  1755,  leaving  a  large  property  and  four  sons.     Each 
of  these  sons  entered  the  army.      The  eldest,  James,  was  a  lieutenant-colonel 
of  the  Eiohth  Battalion,  but  afterward  was  the  colonel  of  a  battalion  during  a 
campaign  in  New  Jersey.      John,  the  youngest,   was  the  major,  and  Thomas, 
thSond  son,  was  adjutant,   and  was  present  at  the  slaughter  at  Paoli, ,  Sep- 
tember 20    1777,  but  survived  to  be  promoted  to  a  colonelcy  and  lived  till 
about  1819      Dr.   Robert,   the  other  brother,  was  a  surgeon  m  Col.   Irvine  s 
regiment,  was  in  the  South  during  the  latter  years  of  the  war,  was  at  the  sur- 
render of  Yorktown,  in  October,  1781,  and  in  1790  was  an  excise  collector  for 
Franklin  County.      Terrence  Campbell  was  the  quartermaster.      The  captains 
wSe  Samuel  Roger,  John  Jack,  James  Poe  and  John  Rea,  who  afterward  be- 
came  a  briffadier-general.  .  „ 

"  Besides  these  we  have  notices  of  several  companies,  regiments  and  offi- 
cers whose  number  and  position  in  the  service  is  not  given  in  any  account  we 
have  seen  Early  in  the  war  James  Wilson  and  John  Montgomery  were  ap- 
pointed colonels,  and  in  the  battalion  of  the  former  are  mentioned  the  compa- 
nies of  Capte.  Thomas  Clarke  and  Thomas  Turbitt.  Montgomery  was  in  the 
army  at  New  York  in  1776,  and  was  at  the  surrender  of  Fort  Washington,  but 
both  he  and  Wilson  were  soon  called  into  the  civil  department  of  the  service, 
anl  do  not  appear  in  the  army  after  that  year  Besides  them  were  Cols 
Robert  Callender,  of  Middlesex,  now  in  advanced  life  whose  death  early  m  the 
war  deprived  his  country  of  his  valuable  services;  James  Armstrong,  Robert 
Peoples  James  Gregory;  Arthur  Buchanan,  Benjamin  Blythe,  Abraham  Smith, 
iRaac  Miller  and  William  Scott.  Among  the  captains,  whom  we  are  unable  to 
locate  in  any  particular  regiment,  at  least  for  any  considerable  time,  were  Jo- 
eph  Bradyf  Thomas  Beale,  Matthew  Henderson,  Samuel  MeCune  (under  Col. 
William     Clarke  for  awhile,   and  at  Ticonderoga),  Isaac  Miller,    David  Mc- 


BISTORT  OP  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY.  HI 

Knight,  Alexander  Trindle,  Robert  Qnigley,  William  Strain,  Samuel  Kearsley, 
Samnel  Blythe,  Samuel  Walker,  Will  Joseph  Martin,  James  Ldam 

Samuel  Erwin  and  Peter  Withington.  One  of  the  companies  which  were  early 
mastered  into  the  Bervioe  was  thai  of  Capt  William  Peebles.  The  < 
oommissions  were  dated  somewhere  between  the  9th  and  the  I5tb  of  March, 
pear  the  time  at  which  Magaw's  regimen!  left  the  county.  The  company  was 
in  Philadelphia  August  17,  and  was  then  saidto  consist  of  eight;  one  riflemen 
It  was  in  the  battle  of  Long  [aland,  August  27,  when  a  portion"  was  captured, 
and  the  remainder  were  in  the  engagements  at  White  Plains,  Trenton  and 
Princeton  On  his  return  from  the  war  Capt.  Peebles  resided  on  Peebles' 
Hun.  a  little  distance  from  Newburg,  and  was  for  many  years  an  elder  in  the 
congregation  at  Middle  Spring.     Be  was  promoted  to  be  a  colonel  Septembei 

28,  I  •'•'':     Matthew  Scott  was  the  tir-t  lieutenant,  and  ai tg  the  captured  at 

[aland,  but  he  was  exchanged  December  8,  1776,  and  promoted  captain 
April  18,  1777.  He  married  Peggy,  the  daughter  of  Samuel  Lamb,  a  stone 
mason  near  Stonj  Ridge,  who  long  survived  him  and  was  living  in  Mechanics 
burg  in  1845.  The  family  oi  Mr  Lamb  was  distinguished  for  its  ardent  pa- 
triotism. The  second  lieutenant  was  Robert  Burns,  promoted  to  be  a  captain 
in  Col.  Ha/en's  regimen!  December  21,  1776.  The  third  lieutenant  was 
Robert  Cam]. hie,  also  promoted  to  be  a  captain  at  the  same  time  in  the  same 
regiment,  and  when  wounded  was  transferred  to  an  invalid  regiment  under 
Lewi-  Xichola.  The  Bergeants  were  Samuel  Kenny.  William"  McCracken, 
Patrick  Highland  (captured),  and  Joseph  Collier.  James  Carson,  drummer, 
and  Edward  Lee,  fifer,  were  also  captured  at  Long  Island  August  27,  1776. 
The  privates  were  William  Adams.  Zachariah  Archer,  w  illiam  Armstrong, 
on  (captured),  Thomas   Beatty,    Henry  Bourke,    William   Boyd, 

Daniel  Boyl olisted  for  two  years,  discharged  at  Vallej  Forge  July  I.  1778, 

and  in  1824  resided  in  Armstrong  County).  James  Brattin,  John  Brown, 
John  Carrigan,  William  Carson,  William  Cavan,  Henry  Dib- 
bins,  Pat  Dixon,  Samuel  Dixon  [captured).  Harnalms  Dougherty.  James  Dowds, 
John  Elliott.  Charles  Fargner,  Daniel  Finley,  Pat  Flynn,  James  Galbreath, 
Thomas  Gilmore,  Dagwell  Hawn,  John   Hodge,  Charles  Holder.  Jacob  Hove. 

John  Jacobs,    John   Justice,    John    Keating.    John    Lane.     I'eter    Lane.  Samuel 

Robert   McClintook,   Alexander  McCurdy,  Hugh  McKegney,  Andrew 

McKinsey,  Charlee    McKowen,  Niel    McMullen,  Alex.  Mitchell.  John  .Mitchell 

(justii f  the  peace  in    Cumberland   Count;    in   1821),    Laurence   Morgan, 

Samuel  Montgomery,  William  Montgomery,  David  Moore,  James  M -e,  John 

Moo,.-,     .lame-    Mortimer.     Robert    Mullady.     Patrick     Murdaugh,    John     Niel. 

James  Nickleson,  Robert   Nugent,  Richard  Orput,  John  Paxton,  Robert  Peal 

•-  Pollock.  Han-  Potts,  Patrick  Qnigley,  John  Quinn,  bidre*  Pal- 
ton.  James  Reily,  Thomas  Rogers  (captured  on  Long  Island,  died  in  New 
Jersey,  leaving  a  widow,  who  resided  in  Chester  County).  James  Serous, 
Andrew  Sharps,  Thomas  Sheerer,  John  Shields.  John  skuse,  Thomas  rlWn 
-end.    Patten  Viney,    John  Walker.   John  Wallace.   Thomas  "Wallace,  William 

Weathers] d  (captain),    Peter   Weaver.    Robert  Wilson   and  Hugh  Woods. 

Total  of  officers  ten,  and  of  private-,  eighty. 

•  \  company  of  rangers  from  the  borders  of  this  county,  who  had  been 

accustomed  in  the  Indian  wars  to  act  under  .lame-  Smith,  al 

He  had  now  removed  to  the  western  part  of  the  State,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Assembly  from  Westmoreland.  While  attending  on  that  body  early  in  1777. 
tsof  the  city  some  of  his  former  companions  in  forest  ad 
venture.fr. .in  this  region,  and  they  immediately  formed  themselves  into  a 
Company  under  him  as  their  commander.     Obtaining  leave  of  absence  for  a  short 


92  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

time  from  the  Assembly,    he  went  with   them  to  the   army  in   New  Jersey, 
attacked  about  200  of  the  British,  at  Rocky  Hill,  and,  with  only  thirty-six  men, 
drove  them  from  their  position;  and  on  another  occasion  took  twenty-two  Ses- 
sions with  their  officers'  baggage- wagons,  and  a  number  of  our  Continental  pris- 
oners they  were  guarding.   In  a  few  days  they  took  more  of  the  British  than  there 
were  of  their  own  party.     Being  taken  with  the  camp  fever  Smith  returned  to 
the  city,  and  the  party  was  commanded  by  Maj.  McCammont,  of  Strasburg.    He 
then  applied  to  Gen.  Washington  for  permission  to  raise  a  battalion  of  riflemen, 
all  expert  marksmen,  and  accustomed  to  the  Indian  method  of  fighting.      Ine 
council  of  safety  strongly  recommended  the  project,  but  the  General  thought  it 
not  best  to  introduce  such  an  irregular  element  into  the  army,  and  only  offered 
him  a  major's  commission  in  a  regular  regiment.     Not  fancying  the  officer 
under  whom  he  was  to  serve,  he  declined  this,  and  remained  for  a  time  with 
his  companions  in  the  militia.      In  1778  he  received  a  colonel  s  commission, 
and  served  with  credit  till  the  end  of  the  war,  principally  on  the  western  frontier. 
"  Another  partisan  leader  was  Samuel  Brady,  originally  from  near  Smp- 
pensburg,   and  among  those  who  went  first  to  Boston.      Though  but  sixteen 
years  of  age  when  he  enlisted,  in  1775,  in  a  company  of  riflemen   he  was  one 
of  the  boldest  and  hardiest  of  that  remarkable  company.      At  the  battle  of 
Monmouth  he  was  made  captain;   at  Princeton  he  was  near  being  taken  pris- 
oner, but  succeeded  in  effecting  an  escape  for  himself  and  his  colonel,  and 
in  many  places  displayed  an  astonishing  coolness  and  steadiness  of  courage. 
He  so  often  acted  on  special  commissions  to  obtain  intelligence  that  he  became 
distinguished  as  the  '  captain  of  the  spies.'     In  1778  his  brother,  and  in  1  i  M 
his  father  were  cruelly  killed  by  the  Indians,  and  from  that  time  it  was  said 
of  him    'this  made  him  an  Indian  killer,  and  he  never. changed  his  business. 
The  red  man  never  had  a  more  implacable  foe  or  a  more  relentless  tracker. 
Beincr  as  well  skilled  in  woodcraft  as  any  Indian  of  them  all,  he  would  trail  them 
to  their  very  lairs  with  all  the  fierceness  and  tenacity  of  the  sleuth  hound. 
During  the  whole  sanguinary  war  with  the  Indians  he  gave  up  his  whole  time 
to  lone  vigils,  solitary  wanderings  and  terrible  revenges.     He  commenced  his 
scoutincr  service  in  1780,  when  he  was  but  twenty-one  years  old,  and  became 
a  terror  to  the  savages  and  a  security  to  a  large  body  of  settlers.     He  did  not 
marry  until  about  1786,  when  he  spent  some  years  at  West  Liberty,  in  \\  est 
Virginia  where  he  probably  died  about  1800.     [See  McKnight'  s  "  Vv  estern  Bor- 
der," pp.  426-442.] 

"The  Patrick  Jack,  who  is  mentioned  more  than  once  above  as  connected  at 
different  times  with  several  regiments,  was  probably  the  same  man  who  after- 
ward became  famous  as  the  '  Wild  Hunter,  or  Juniata  Jack  the  Indian  Killer 
He  was  from  Hamilton  Township,  and  is  said  by  George  Croghan  in .1755  to 
have  been  at  the  head  of  a  company  of  hunter  rangers,  expert  in  Indian  war- 
fare and  clad,  like  then  leader,  in  Indian  attire.  They  were  therefore  pro- 
posed to  Gen.  Braddock  as  proper  persons  to  act  as  scouts,  provided  they  were 
allowed  to  dress,  march  and  fight  as  they  pleased.  '  They  are  well  armed, 
said  Croghan,  '  and  are  equally  regardless  of  heat  and  cold.  They  require  no 
shelter  for  the  night  and  ask  no  pay.'  It  is  said  of  him  as  of  Brady  that  be 
became  a  bitter  enemy  of  the  Indians  by  finding  his  cabin  one  evening,  on  his 
return  from  hunting,  'a  heap  of  smoldering  ruins,  and  the  blackened  corpses 
of  his  murdered  family  scattered  around.'  From  that  tune  he  became  a  ran- 
corous Indian  hater  and  slayer.  When  the  Revolutionary  war  began  he  was 
among  the  first  to  enlist,  and  he  afterward  enlisted  several  times  on  short 
terms  in  various  companies.  He  was  of  large  size  and  stature,  dark  almost  as 
an  Indian,  and  stern  and  relentless  to  his  foes.     John  Armstrong  in  his  ac- 


<?^l^7*- 


Q 


s 


BISTORT  OF  CI  MBERLAND  COl  MY.  95 

count  of  the  hattanning  expedition,  oalls  him  'the  hall  Indian,'  bni   I 
have  had  no  [ndian  blood  in  his  veins.     Bis  monument  ma;  be  seen  at 

irg,    with   this   inscription:                          trick   .lark",  an   officer  01   the 
Colonial  and   Revolutionary    War-,     died  Januan    25.    L821,  a I  ninety  - 

We  shall  now  give  a  few  of  the  important  events  of  the  war  as  relatine  to 

Cumberland   County    without  going  further  into  details.     In    I77.S    <;,.,,, 

n,   John  BoggS,  JosephBradj  and  Alexander  Mctiehan  wercappointed 

uttee  to  attend  to  estates  forfeited   for  treason,  and  the omissioners 

for  the  county,  James   Pollock  and  Samuel   Laird,  were  required  to  collect 
from  nou-associators  the  amounts  they  owed  the  State  as  a  fair  equivali 
multar>  s"'  ■  '■  such  arms   and   ammunition   as   may   be  found 

in  their  possession.      In  September,  1777,  information  had  l □  given  1 

»7     tones     to  destroj   public  stores  at  xbrk,  Lancaster,   Carlisle  and  other 
points,  and  several  prominent  persons  in  the  region  were  implica 
Prot"llll!  "  Supreme  Executive  Council,  June  L5,  177s.  John  Wilson 

wheel-wrighi  and  husbandman,  and  Andrew  Funnier,  laborer,  both  of  \llvu 
rownship;  Lawrence  Kelley,  oooper;  William  Curlan,  laborer;  John  M.  Cart 
t  and  laborer,  and  Francis  Irwin,  carter,  of  East  Pennsboroueh: 
..an.  Alexander  McKee,  Simon  Girtj  and  Matthew  Elliott,  [ndian 
toadere,  were  said  severaUy  to  have  aided  and  assisted  the  enemy  by  having 
joined  the  British  Army,  and  were  therefore  attainted  of  high  treason  and  sub- 
ject  to  the  penalties  and  forfeitures  which  were  by  law  attached  to  their  crime 
Ine  committee  on  forfeited  estates  rendered  an  account  of  several  hundred 
pounds  which  they  had  handed  over  to  the  proper  officers  to  be  used  m  the 
purchase  of  arms,  provisions,  etc.,  from  which  it  would  appear  that  some  per- 
sons  had  been  found  guilty  of  treason  in  the  county.     The  names  which 

come  down  to  us  either  by  tradition  or  documentary  evide were  ,ls„ 

persons  of  no  prominen©  as  were  then  residing  beyond  the  Hunts 

of  the  present  county  of  Cumberland."     |  Wing.  | 

An  act  of  the  Supreme  Executive  Council  passed  March  17.  L777,  provided 
for  the  appointment  of  one  or  more  lieutenants  of  militia  in  each  city  or 
county,  also  of  sub  lieutenants,  with  duties  which  the  act  prescribed  John 
Armstrong  and   Ephraim   Blaine  were  successively  a]  ante  for 

Cumberland  (  ounty,  but  both  d  1  sufficient  reasons.      Lpril  10   1777 

James  Qalbreath,  of  East  Pennsboroug]    I      D  hip,  was  appointed,  and  'finally 

accepted  the  position  and  performed  its  duties  faithfully.     He  was  BUcc led 

by  John  Oarothers,  and  he  by  OoL  James  Dunlap,  in  October,   L779       Lbra 
bam  Smith  held  the  office  in  April.    L760.     The  sub  tts  were  Col 

^ames   '  ■''   Allon   Township;  Col.    Benjamin    Blythe,    near    Middle 

Bprmg;   George  Sharpe,  near  Big  Spring;  ,,  MoCoj   (died  in  May 

John  Harris  of  Carlisle;  George  Stewart,   .lane-  McDowell,  of   Peters 
Township  (in  place  of  Col.  M0C03  >•  all  appointed  in  l  1.  Frederick 

Lrthur  Buchanan,  Thomi  in,   John  Trindle,  Col    Abra 

bam  Smith  and  Thomas  Turbitt  appointed  in  1780. 

rune,  1777.  the  Supreme   Executive  CouncU  appointed  an  entirely  new 
board  of  ju,t,  iberland  County,  assomeofthe  old  ones  had  Vailed 

to  take  the  oath  of  allegiance  required  of  them  and  several  of  the  position 
vacant,      rhose  newlj  appoint,.!  were  John    Rannels  (Reynolds),  James  Max 

wall  James  Oliver,  John  Holmee,  John  Agnew,  John  McCl    ,    S eel    Lyon 

William  Brown,  John  Harris,  Samuel   Koy.-r.   John    \  r0hn  CreW 

Hugh  Laird,  Andrew  McBeath,  Thomas  Kenny,  Alexandria  Laughlin,  Samuel 
MnUure,  Patnok  Vance,  G ?e   Matthews,   William  McOlure    Samuel  Cul 


g6  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

bertson,    Ja.es   Armstrong    ^^^t^t^tSy^S, 
Ephraim    Steel,    William   Brown  (Carlisle)     Robert  Peebles    a       y         v 
jLe.  Taylor,  Charles  Leeper,  John  Scoulei,   MatthewJ^.^  ^  ^ 
McClure.     November   5,    1777,     Jonn   Agnew  2Q     177g    a  com_ 

justices,  was  appointed  a  clerk  of  the  P^^'^J^eteq^ed  to  "  *d- 
missioner  for  the  exchange  of  money.  These  J™^™  q  for  officers  or 
minister  the  oath  of  allegiance  to  «T%P+TlT™ent  or  mder  the  Conti- 
enter  upon  any  office  either  under  the  State  |™-ent  -   ^  ^  ^ 

nental  Congress.  From  lit!  toll  IV  Ooi.  «""?  corieerning  the  destitute 
troops  in  Cumberland  County.      In  1  77  ^  lepoitec    cone «™  ?  John 

condition  of  the  militia,  and  a  com mltt^.^^P°™ S™1  Williamson, 
Boggs,  Abraham  Smith,  John  Andrew,  Willi  am  McClure s  banr* 
James  Purdy  and  William  Blair  "to  ^.^^fi^dedtr  assisted 
not  taken  the  oath  of  allegiance  and  abjuration,  05.^"^ewolsey  cloth, 
the  enemy  with  arms  or  ?— ^  ^^e  sUns, 
shoes  and  stockings  for  the  army.  -De^1"(f  f,nmmissioners  "to  seize  upon 
John  Boggs  and  Joseph  Brady  were  ^P0^0™1^^  or  habitations, 
the  personal  estates  of  all  who  have  abandoned  the      fannhes  withia 

joined  the  army  of  the  enemy,  or  resorted  to  any  city    ^own         I 

port  the  great  quantities  of  stores  and  supplies  ir       1  J.  d  manage. 

Ld  a  special  department  ™  ™J»*™*  ^  JeliS  ftnish  a  large  pL 
ment  of  this  service.      Cumberland  County  wasr, equ  ^ 

portion  of  supplies,  wagons  and  teams,  and  sent ^out  at  one  nm  , ^ 

?ther  800,  and  at  various  times  smaller  ngg*^  JJW    ^  and  Robert 
was  appointed  wagon-master  ml  77,   Matthew   i_ne  assessment 

Culbertson  in  1780.     Dr.  Wing  states :        In  November -,  in < , 
was  upon  East  Pennsborough,  Peter, .and  Ant ™  JJgJSJ^^Kewtoo, 
wagons  and  teams;  Allen  for  eleven,  Mid  leton,  V  e>t  Pennsbm     g ■  ^ 

Hopewell,  Lurgan,  ^^>!^^^f^^^^  one  attendant, 
Se^T  ^^^^  °*  ^  in  currency,  accord- 

tier  and  in  the  east  were  confined  at  Lancaste     but  b  ;oi  to  ,         ^ 

were  removed  -March   haK  ^^^  ^t   Carlisle ;    and.   as 
Lieuts.   Andre,     Despard  and    ^ttutner  w  h-  h  gtood  on  the 

stated  by  early  writers   were  confined  in  a  stone  building  ^  ed  in 

east  side  of  Hanover  Street,  on  Lot  161.      ^e  P1  s0         New  Yorb>  Novem- 
the  latter  part  of  the  same  year  mos ,oi  totaV-«  ^  ^  twa 

ber28,  '« under  the  escort  of  Lieut. -CoL  Jonn^ oreg  1  tW  ser_ 

members  of  the  committee  of  inspection    with  . Uien    «rvanffl  thfl  near. 

vants'  wives  and  their  baggage,  by  way  of  fading  and  Iren Sequent  fate  of 
est  camp  of  the  United  States  -/^/^  •      ^Uodv  is  Tamiliar.       A 

SLSSft^VS"^  a^S S  and  in  other  ways,  and 
stood  on  the  site  now  occupied  by  the  Indian  school. 


HISTORY  OF  CI  UBBRLAND  cm  vry. 

"About  the  1b1  of  August,    1777,"' says   Dr.  Wing,  "John   Penn,   James 

ll     ulton,   Bi    |amin  Chew,  and  about   thirty  others  who  had n  officers  un 

derthe  royal  and  proprietary   government,  and  decli 1  to  take  the  oath  of 

allegiance  to  the   aew  government,  were  arrested  in  Philadelphia,  r ivedbv 

the  sheriff  of  Reading  and  bj  the  sheriff  of  Cumberland  Count]  and  escorted 
through  this  valley  to  Staunton,  7a.,  where  thej  were  detained  until  near 
tin-  oonolusiou  of  tin'  war. ' 

[n  April  1777,  Gen.  Armstrong,  of  Car!,-.!,.,  was  placed  in  oommandof 
the  militia  of  the  State;  resigning  hie  position  as  first  brigadier  general  in  the 
bnental  Army,  he  was  appointed  firsl  brigadier-general  and  amonth  after 
ward  major  general  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania.  Though  advanced  in  rears 
be  entered  Tigorouslj  npon  the  work  of  protecting  the  State  against  the 
my,  and  erected  and  maintained  defensive  works  along  the  Delaware  River 
Portions  of  his  command  did  splendid  service  ai  Brandywine  and  <  JermantoTi  a 
Five  hundred  men  or  more  enlisted  and  went  to  tbe  fori  from  Cumberland 
County  early  m  1778.     The  county  was  nearly  bereft  of  men  to  oarry  on  aeces 

Kl  •,. °Pwa r  to  ffoard   the  prisoners  which   from  time  to  time  were  sen!  to 

Uarlisla       It   was  difficult  to   provide  arms  and   ammunition   until    France 

came  to  the  aid  of  the  colonies  in  1778.    "Hence  the  efforts  in  the  beginnineof 

conflid  to  establish  at  every  available  town  shops  for  the  manufacturl  of 

rifles,  muskets  and  even  cannon.     Old  arms  were  repaired  and  altered  so  thai 

•   fowling-] :es  could  be  used  for  deadlier  purposes,  and  bayonets  were 

prepared.  Armories  are  spoken  of  in  Carlisle  and  Shippensburg  at  which 
hundreds  of  rifles  were  got  in  readiness  at  one  time.  A  foundry  was  started 
at  tount  Holly  and  perhaps  at  Boiling  Springs,  at  which  cannon  were  cast 
and  at  which  \\  dliam  Denning  [Doming?]  was  known  to  have  worked  at  his 
inventions.  Aware  of  the  manj  failures  which  had  followed  all  previous  at- 
tempts,  under  the  most  favorable  conditions,  to  make  cannon  of  wrought  iron- 
new  said  to  have  persevered  until  he  constructed  at  least  two  of  such  uniform 
quality  ana  of  such  size  and  calibre  as  to  have  done  good  service  i,,  the  imeri 

oanArmy.     One  of  then,  is  reported  to  have  I ,,  taken  by  the  British  at  the 

battle  of  Brandywine,  and   now  kept   as  a  trophy  in  the  Tower  of  London 

and  another  to  have  I „  for  a  long  time  and  perhaps  to  be  now,  at  the  barracks 

near  Carlisle.  (William  Denning  was  a  resident  of  Chester  Oounti  when  the 
warbrokeout;  enlisted  in  a  company  and  was  its  second  lieutenant  Eornine 
months:  was  a  blacksmith  by  trade,  and  very  ingenious;  was  placed  at  head 
"f  :1  1':""1  ■;'  •■""her.  at  Philadelphia,  but  removed  to  Carlisle  upon  the  an 
proachol  theBnfash  Army;  ironfrom  theSouth  Mountain  was  made  into  gun 
barrels,  bayonets,  etc.,  and  Denning  had  a  chance  to  exercise  his  ingenuity  to 
his  greatest  desire.     In  welding  the  heavj  Lars  of  iron  for  bands  and  hoops  to 

h.s  wrought  iron  guns,  few  could  be  induced  to  assist  him  on  act ,,t  of  the 

peat  heat.     He  made  four  and  bu  | nden  and  attempted  a  twelve  pounder 

but  never  ^,,,^,1  it.       He  resided  at    Big  Spring  after  the  war,  and  died 
December  19    1830,  aged  mnety-four  years).     So  great   was  the  destitution  of 
lead   for  bullet.,  that  the  council  of  safety  requested  all  families  possessine 
3,  weights  for  clocks  or  windows,  or  anj  oth  ladeoflead    to 

pvethe,,,  np  to  the  ell,, -to,-,  appointed  to  demand  them,  with  the  promise 
that  they  should  he  replaced  by  substitutes  of  iron.      Pavments  were  acknowl 
!  for  considerable  quantities  of  lead  thus  collected  in  tin.  count]       Everv 
part  ot  the  county  was  expl  i  in  sulphur  and  "the,-  substances  in  suf 

fiment  quanbes  for  the  manufacture  of  gunpowder.  Jonathan  Eearslev  of 
i  arlisle,  was  for  some  months  employed  in  learning  the  art  and  in  the  attempt 
tomanufacture  saltpetre  out   of  earthe.impregnated  with  nitrous  particles  m 


HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 


upon  itself  the  business  of  fPP^^X  which  have  since  been  created  for 
construction  of  those  vast  ^MiBWtawtaflhb         ^  d^  OQ  f 

the  manufacture  of  these  articles   the ^whole  P°P  iou  of  it.      Near  the 

eign  countries,  and  now  *ere,  ™*  PV^  who  endeavored  to  monopolize 
close  of  1776  a  law  was  passed  against  those  wn  c  s  itself.    A  cer- 

the  sale  of  salt,  and  a  large  V™}™**™  ^en  to  each  county  under  the 
tain  quota  was  assigned  to  each  State  rf*  which  m  to  Cumberland 
direction  of  the  State  authorities.      UBpJ  ,ival  a  certam  por- 

County  (November  23,  1776)  was. eig ^  busheK      J  ^  ^^  from 

Son  wU  delivered  to  e^^^^gS^  d  15  shillings  a  bushel, 
the  county  committee,     on  his  paying         V 

expenses  of  carriage  only  addect  resolution  of  the  Assembly  passed  a 

August  17,  1776,  by  authority  of  a  ^ol  ™d  observation  for  Cumberland 
month  previous,  the  committee  of  inspect  ion  a  ^  ^  ^  q{  the 

County  drew  an  order  on  thecouac    o    safety  ^  q{  ^ 

poor  families  of  ^f-^^^f^^t™  plies  or  distilled  into  liquor    and 
raised  in  the  county  was  sent  away Jo  J   b  U  d  thresh  the  graln.     Gen. 

the  men  were  so  scarce  it  was  di&ctdt  to  to  vest  ^  ^  rf  Feb 

Armstrong,  noting  this  condition  of  affairs,  wr  ^  boih  ^  &nd 

T777:  "From  the  best  »ta"g££*  £  Talfo  considerable  quantities  of 
the  county  of  York  ib  almost  all  du rtdted,  a  ^  game  purpose; 

wheat,  and  larger  still  of  the  latter  MOgra     1  ^  game  destmc- 

we  doubt  that  Lancaster  ^^Pe Wva^may  ^  scarce  of  bread  for  her 
tive  way,  so  that  m  a  few  months  f^1™^  per  gan0n,  wheat  will  im- 
own  inhabitants.  Liquor  \^\^ ^Tlom^clteA  demon  of  avarice 
mediately  be  the  same  Pf^hel  ^  it  t  P^  ^  raise  them  each  to 

and  infatuation  is  not  suddenly  cnangeu  u 

twenty!"  .  .  mmberland  County,    as  assistant  quartermas- 

To  Col.  Ephraim  Blaine,  ^°T™~SS«ter-g^etal,  was  due  great  praise 
ter-general,    under  Gen.  Greeny ^emaj     g  gion  during  the  war 

and  much  credit  for  his  aid  m _tanes of  n  F  ^  enlarged  and  kept 

His  nouring-mill  on  the  Conodoj ^,  ^  of  the  suffering  army  and 

in  operation  to  its  utmost  oaPacl| J^  fortune  was  ever  at  the  disposal  of 
without  profit  to  himself.      ^s  extensive  t  he  kept  the  soldiers 

his  country,  and  by  his  earnest  and  caret ul  g  ounced  opposition  to 

from  actual  starvation,  more  than ^once  m    n e  ^     The  schemes  of  Con- 

bis  measures.    His  name  became  deal  to  hi, ^eo        y  inaabitants  of  Cum- 

gressto  provide  money  led  to  disastrous  results  /etel   brokeI1  „p  fman- 

Lland  County  were  very  seriously ■^^ieneJhj  tL  people  o     the 
ciallyfor  years.       Many  dark  days  were       P m  and  ^olence 

struggling  republic  during    he  war    and  rf  ^   and         ceeding 

were  advocated  or  attempted,  the  *aduui  b     and  soldiers  from 

years  brought  to  mind  the  terrible  scenes  °*       ?     =     rf  ^  maraudi       mUr- 
[he  county  were  sentwrth  others  for  ^ e  . pum  ^  ^  &  h 

derers.      The  sad  end  of  the  expedition  or  «  vengeance,  for  Crawford 

western  Indians,  called  ^Xt  buXeBritisi recall! d  their  Indian  allies 

SiS SSS-S  an^rr  cloud  was  lifted. 


BISTORT  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY.  99 

Mawh8,  1781,  Samuel  Laird  and  Willi.-,,,,  Lyon  were  appointed   auditors 

opposed  by  people  in  the  interior  and  western  oarte  of  ft™      1  nolentlj 

bore  with  most  severity.      There  had  , ^  mSet  toTe^antSel 

';™'i  ,;"-"1'  :""'  "  ™  l«gelj  ased  to  fatten  cattle  and  fa 7       „'  , 

dwfaUed  rt  was  more  easilj  transported  over  the  , tains  and  I    „  |  ,         , 

market,  and  m  numerous  sections  ever,    fifth  or  sixth  fanner  had  all 

'-'7''"— t  all   away  from   home,    either.      Ed         The  excise 

^wwasfeltto  beoppressiv,  ,n      b        ht  „,„,,.;, 

was  sent  out  ,„   the  aha] I  excise  dnties.     The  people  1,7 d  the  law  would 

be '  nnexecnted  and  finaUj  repealed,  and  .1 Qector    wereoften  threatened 

rendezvous  for  the  rebellions  ,,„„„'    m&g^^g^^jK^ 
warning  oerore   the    15th  ol  September  in   the  latter  year      Those  whn  h»A 

h,v  returned  with  an  adverse  or  onfavorable  report,  though       '   '      ,  ".  £? 
aea  uarlisle.      rhe  Boftened  commissioners  met  the  President  and  ^ 

Couttv"!*  m,',;'"'r"f  ^BtiUeries  then   undoubtedly  existed  in  Cumberland 

i„  p  m      1  "~  "f  'll^fav'"'      A    Kbertj    pole  had  been    erected 

-th..  Pubhc  Square  on  the  njgW   of  September!,  U.   with  tl,,  worts? 


1Q0  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

^berty  and  No  Excise  &  W."J^JJS££*      M ^ 
order  cut  it  down  the  next  morning,  and  the  excitem  ^  ^    one 

number  of  country  people,  some     -g  -  - «  »  an/ Equality." 

afternoon,  and  put  up  a  large  pole  with  thtwoi     ,  treasurer  was  a 

Kiev  were  mostly  of  the  poorer  class,  although _ toe  con    y  ^  ^^ 

leader  ^^^^.^^^^^^SiS^^i^  to  prevent  the 
Were  offered  occasionaUy,  the  insures  P^onng  ^  fired  up(m  by 

pole  being  taken  down.      Col.  Ephraim  Bl ame  wtep^  ^  ^  fortu_ 

three  of  them  while  conducting  his  sister^ ^J^;  miUtia  should  they  turn 
nately  without  injury,  Threat™  mad^ams^  eommissioaer>  attend- 
out,  and  affairs  were  rather  despeiate^  Uen.  ;  ^  ^  rf  doiag  ^ 
ed  strictlv  to  the  business  of  his  office,  saym  Thg  Me    of 

I  think  is  right,  and  trust  to  ^**£*££™  Gov.  Mifflin  arrived  on 
troops  in  Carlisle  brought  the .people t >^lM  .  8tirring  address  in  the 
the   1st  of  October,  and  in  the  evening  cleiivei<.u  „  reached 

SUyterian  Church  Hisarriva  was  it ^d - ^^ approaehed  in  a 
Carlisle  October  3.      A  writer  says      the  *>*°  Ha"nl]toI1)  and  proceeds: 

traveling  dress,  attended  by  his  secretary,  Ataande  ^  mQst  respectful 

-As  he  passed  our  troops  he  pulled  off  his   hat         m  ssed  the  line, 

manner,  bowed  to  the  officers  and  me, a  and  ^ in  th  s  >  ^    P.^  ^ 
who  were  (as  you  may  suppose)  aff  ^ed  b7  ™V ^CTard  that  would  have  been 
each  individual  seemed  to .show ■  the  M>ri.^  ^  iahabitants  seemed 
paid  to  an  honored  parent.      As  he  ^reQ  assembled  m   the 

anxious  to  see  this  very  great  and  good  man     crow  tQ  ^  rf 

streets,  but  their  admiration  was  sdent     The  1  1^  ^  the  lm    0 

the  camp,  where  the  troops  weie  assembled  m  ^  greatest 

artillery,  horse  ^"^££Z££%£Z  ^resting  and  affecting;^ 
silence  was  observed^  The  bPectacle J^  £  wishes  for  the  preservation  of  this 
ery  man  as  he  passed  along  V^J^^1  migM  see  the  aged  veteran, 
most  valuable  of  their  ^0^flze^^emUeA  in  defense  of  that  govern- 
^m^re.omafiA^'^^^^  their  rsons,  family  and 
ment  which  must  (in  turn)  P^^2°J  tlie  evening,  and  a  transpar- 
property."  The  court  house  wa«\1~  Washington  is  ever  triumphant." 
Lev  was  prepared,  bearing  the  ^P^JvJS^  President  Washington 
«  The  reign  of  the  laws,      and      VoetoADJ^  ^^  rf  the 

while  here  was  the  guest  o     Co^ E phraim^ Blam  ^  ^  ^^  rf  ^  week 
pal  inhabitants  presented  him  the  toiiowm0 
following:  Carlisle,  October  17,  1794. 

the  will  but  possess  the  power  to  lepei  o 


BISTORT   OF  CUMBERLAND  COONTY.  [Ql 

to  government  is  exceeded  by  none,  either  for  tu  causeless  ,.,i-i„    ,,  »      ,i 

mafiLnmy  and  wickedness  with  whiri  ii  has  been  ■  '        '   f"r  ""'  'v'ri'l>'« 

giiliiil 

ssrAft  '?w.  ass 

shwsms:  s# 

:£" "■" ST-Wr-iWUf*  ,;S 

We  bless  thai  Providence  which  has  preserved  ■■  lif«  an  v,i„  n     .1 

issss," : «,:  gsg  sfcsu?  ;; -  fj^^st ssss 

sus*a " ! 

When  we  look  around  anTbehoW  the  u^ve^aUyP  *££*  'lV"w*     , 

blesses  every  part  of  the  UnitpH  Stat^    r    ,        \  -    acKnowieaged  prosperity  which 

lamented  oScasion  of  ou,  •  '  :  n„  .^  u,,,,,,,,,,,,,,!  ,i,a,,  ,h which  are  the 

of  our  fellow-citizens  coulS  be     ,      'i     7  ,     r' ,"'"""  v  ["  persuade  us  that  any  portion 
tapb  .  situation 'which™  ^d' SSSK" *fX/ rtUe  »  t0  *»«*!» "to  dis- 

«o  heave*  and  ourearnes,  endea'oTIo  p^ser" e  andproi  *  gratiludo 

;:"';;'"  *h'  mai 

Idtordwly        ■  BwiUlIf»T,Bn)„ulto 

Hah  the  authority  o?  Z  &£  EftSffittJM& 

«™y«*uWten«nwd  at  Carlisle,  the  accidental  dischar ,f  ,  B01- 

dier  a  pMtolkdled  the  brother  of  ..,,.' 

BUing    because  of  his   action  in  conjunction  with   the   in-  Mr" 

countryman  was  killed  in  a  quarrel  with  a  sohW      ti     ff  anoU«« 

retrrettnrl  hv  th,.  i>.-      i     i      vTV81  wim  »  soldier.      Che  circumstances  were 
md  his  secretary   Gen     II,  a  ..,-,1  wlm 

hadijctedwrththeinst!  .  were  arresl  ,  ul '■    C    -1  sh? 

-nedatth  rXfrJS 

.;,lr,w  Hol.n  ■,   Esq.,  a  m  .,„„.,.  „f  „  co  ^   c 

.nt    '     ,1    T''  T   "Pnvate  journal  in  wh 

»W  and  und  of  Snnday,  October   11.    1794,    2 

iShJom  7hB 

CaHi-  atrjr,  maVched°from 

Cao  Eollows: 

W il  i    m  ;  5 

2   mi     r 

fames   Holmes:  and  lif.v  two 
privates,  among  whom  were  Thomas  Duncan,   David   Watte,  i:  ? 


102  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

John  Lyon,  Nathaniel  Weakley,  George  Pattiso^  Charles _Prtta» ,  Wigam 

Eton?  Abraham  Holmes    Archibald    B"^^°^3Sli3S, 

bar,  Archibald  McAllister,   Wilham   Crane    Jacob  Fetter     A^  ^ 

Thomas  Foster,  Jacob  Housenet   George  Wrigh^lhoma^vv  ,  ^ 

Gibson,  Joseph  and  Michael   Egolf,  Robert   McClure  and    \ui 
Sideling  Hill  Capt.  Stevenson  was  made  a  major,  and  \\  rtham  I^yis,  q 

maThffollowin.  brigade  order,  December  4,  1794,  is  from  the  same  journal: 

The  Genera!  congratulates  the  two-; "hich * ^^&^SS^^35l« 
rival  at  S.rasbur.g,*and  feelingly  an t.cipates  pka  |  .  n(,,,ions.  He  also  has  the 
and  Himself  shall  have  in  the  company  of  thu    n     r  the  commander-in-chief 

pleasure  of  announcing  to  the (  brigade  the ^en ire ;  appj^o  ^  ^ 

for  their  orderly  conduct  and  stn< /.l  <    s    p  m e,  w  i     i  Uow.,.itizens  that  their  soldierly 

cers  and  soldiers.     He  is  likewise  happy       as u  in  acknowledgments  and  as  they 

behavior  during  the  whole  c; mpaig    h.     >   i  n      1  1 1         .  wm    when   they  nave 

have  supported  the  laws  of  thXnSTv  In  every  pofnt  of  view.  As  the  worthy  men  who 
retired  to  private  life,  support  ei  "Yiness  of  their  country  and  the  support  of  the  Con- 
stepped  forward  in  support  of  the  happn  iss  t  i  i  r  tllis  town  to-morrow,  the 
Btitution  of  the  Federal  Government  aie  to  d<  sit  l .mi  inventories 
commanding  officers  of  the  re* *£  t  s  —  *$$ * quartermaster,  who  is  to  give  re- 
of  everv  article  are  made  to  Mr.  Samuel  uiQtue  un»  deta  u  a  sufficient 
^  ipts  fo.  such  delivery.  And  the  quarterm as er  »*  the^,  adc  u  ^  ^  ^ 
number  of  wagons  to  transport  the  an  s  u  m1  corps  wlll  meetto- 
mander-in-chief  of  the  17  h  ul t  The  offl cc ,8  <  mm  =  ice  and  the  balance  due  and 
morrow  morning  to  certify  to  the  in n  as  to  l he.  q{  ^vemb 
to  becorr  e  due,  agreeable  to  General  Irvine  s  uiuei                                   Gen  Chambeks. 

By  order  of 
William  Ross,  Adjutant.  service  and  arrived 

at  z.  zsr^sf  -ass  ss=r™  *— 

°f  ^"following  account  of  Washington's  visit  is  from  a  recent  account  pub- 
lished by  George^.  Prowellin  the  g^^SS^Bg  the  visit  of  Gen. 
-Much  has  been  written  that  ?%^"^C^f felling  the  so-called 
Washington  to  western  Penn sy Ivama  f o     ie  pmp< serf  que  ^^ 

Whisky  Insurrection  m  ^«£™^^^  lately  come  into  my  pos- 

the  readers  of  the  Compiler.  cabinet,  left  Phil- 

President  f^oirXSdStX  west  via  Beading  on 
adelphia   then    he  capital  of  the  TJmted  '  on  the  a{temoon  of  F„_ 

Wednesday,  October  1,  17W,  ^  ?~,  witu  an  address  by  the  burgesses,  to 
day,  October  3,  when  he  was  P^^^Yctrl isle  at  12  o'clock,  noon, 
which  he  replied  *e  next  morning      He  reached  Oa  lvania  and 

October  4.  The  town  was  the  place  of  ^g^°  g  d  0*ctober  4>  to 
New  Jersey  troops  and  he  remaX  ™U  On  the  last  named  date  he  left 
Saturday,  October  11  ^^S^.^Tached^ Chambersburg  the  same  even- 
for  the  West,  dined  at  Shippensbuig  and  reacnea  una  b  Rob_ 

Lg.  At  this  place  t-^-^J^^^af^lirtion.  He 
ert  Johnson,  a  surgeon  of  the  ^nn.yHan »  J™^*^  Maryland,  on  the 
passed  fl^^J-gX^^i»St^i»^ontteM 
evening  of  October  W,  Monday       jw v  0ctober  16,  and  the  next  day  re- 

Cumberland   where  he  ■^^!£TfSte«Sm«i  of  Gen.  Lee. 
viewed  the ,  Vxrgtma  and  Maryland ^P    ™  ^.^  at  Bedford.  where  he 


^.  j.Jpte^t^^  /%./? 


BISTORT  OF  CUMBERLAND  corvi'v.  1()- 

caused  a  cessation  of  hostilities.     On  the  last  named  date  he  set  out  on  his  re 
'„,,.  BPe.n?mf*hl!  °j*k<  "f  ^7.  October  24,  at  Shippensburg,  and  .    '  I 
tewmgnigW   (Saturday)  with  Gen.  Michael  Simpson,  S   Fairvifv.   Townahip 
York      .„,,,    «■«,..,.,..„..«,  ledthe  .ss^riveVandwhatisnoX;^; 

"     "'       faldeman  propertj      belov,    New  Cumberland     At  this  place  he  is 

as  t, V  ****  ■  ',"i",  Stmday' ;" heMTived  -  i'lnh,,.,,;,;;:  „  '„ 

roiiowing    iui'-.ta\  morning. 

bonier^r'Sl^S,6  ^  great  man's  life  he  crossed  th nthern 

border  of  Adams  (  ounty      Ihe  facta  of  this  trip  1  will  be  pleased  to  furnish 

a  some  fu.nn,,,,,,  givingexact  facts  and  data  from  original  docn J  Sfi 

niv  the  only  true  sources  of  history."  '  "aicn 

„n  iV1"  N'Tt.1'Wrt';r"  ff™1™01  l790  '■"■  "n,l,r<!,„s.  Harmar,  St.  Clair 
JjdWayne   (  omberland  County  waa  represented  b3  a  number  of  daring  men 

'"f     ",  ""''"  r;"-1  -   n,    Pennsylvania  except  "vest  of 

^eAlle^.n  Mountains,      ft     William    SIcCoskry,  thenrfCarli  lebutarter- 

I     r        V  V,    ',S;;v'"1  a<  M,r""""  m  U editions  Of  St.  Hair  and  \\  , 

and  Robert  Me.  leUan,  son  of  a  pioneer  in   East  Pennsborough,  dSSed 
hunseH  as  a  scout,  winning  the  title   "Fleet    Ranger"   bylis  exploit  :J 

In   1798,  when  a  war  with   Prance  was  threatened,  companies   of   militia 

wore  bj   order  of  (on.  MifBin  held  „,  readiness  for  in i,„  ...m,      .    J 

quite  a  speck  of  war  cloud  was  visible  above  the  horizon.     Soml  of  ,   ,     .I 
sympathy,,  with  tie;  French,  and  affairs  might  have  become    ery  sTriouTbu? 

for  the  ae, QJ  Napoleon    ft  ,„„,,  „,   France,  b/wS^vent 

the  aspect  was  changed  and  I',,- withdrew  from  her  offens  veVSe     To 

meet  any  emergency  the  Tenth  Regiment  of  Pennsylvania  troops ™rffan 
«£   under    Phon.asl.    More,  ol    ,.,„.,,,.,,,,,,,  „    „&»»  £j  £  ' g*   ; 

ders,  ,,  and  George  Stevenson,  of  Cumberland  County  as  majors.  These  men 
had  been  active  m  the  Revolution.  Maj.  Stevenson  had  command*  Z 
ree.unn,^,,,,,,.,,,  that  portion  of  the  State  west  of  th,.  Allegheny  Moun 
?;;,.,A-S;,,,:l"r"rr""'1'  ;afterward  a  major-general  and  notel  !7the  war 
,  wa5  :1"  en"8n  '"  ,l,,s  Tenth  Regiment,  and  Hugh  Bradv    also  a 

general  afterward,  was  a  lieutenant.  - 

in«r  nnt''">  /i"'*'   B    I  '  !""'  "'""•''"  "f  the  P^ident  for  troops  at  thebreak 

ing  out  of  the  b id  war  with  Great    Britian    in    June,  1812    Pennsylvania 

.;;ded,u,k,v.  andCumberland  County  hastened  to  furn.d,  &SS3 
BOldiers.  There  was  httle  opposition  to  the  war  in  the  eountv  and  four  full 
companies  were  speedily  mastered  and  equipped  at  Carlisle  LSlyforrix 
months   serv.ee.  ready  to  inarch  wherever  ordered  Y 

.  ^^P^oog^esewasthe  "Carlisle  Light  Infantry,"  which  as  seen 
took  part  m  the  campaign  against  the  whisky  insurrectdoniste  ,n  L794  It  was 
or^naUy  organized  in     784,  by  soldiers  who  had  served   in   the  Revolution^ 

i   -a.     hom  its  „,    ,ts  commanders  were  Capts    Macaw    George 

:::l  **•?  ^ * ^  per,  win,,,,,  AhJL(5ys  ;  „ 

when  the  second  war  |  |   bad  , sm(.„  j  .      ,     ,S(,,  1 

-nor   of  the  Carlisle    Herald,  established   that    vearj  Lindsey,  Tnomps 

KSSJ »A ge D.  FoW'(1827),  ftfelSS 

,.;,''""  N:r"'t   li:""->    (1885),  William    Moudj  (1839),  Jacob 
HlS5,to?8^'ge  8ander80D   (1842)  and  Samuel  Crop  (from  November 

fieor"' H,T','  m""'";";'-  ^I™"1  - f''"'»  Carlisle  commanded  by  Capt. 

Ueorge  Hendall.  and  the  other  from  Mechanicsburg  and.  ,'•     were 


106  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

united  into  one  company,  ^^^^^^^tl^^^ 
with  the  Light  Infantry  to    he  Niagara  front  e     n  1B1       ^  rf  d 

-Both  companies  participated  m  most  oi  me  rf  ^  detach_ 

fought  campaign.      In  the  battle  of  ^^J^Col.  Bull,  of  Perry  County, 
ment  of  250  Pennsylvania  under  ^command ot  .^  ^ 

who  were  sent  with  fatty  or  sixty  «f  f s  afn^le   above  the  British  works 
to  strike  the  Chippewa   Creek  about  a  halt  ^  ^  ^ 

Here  they  were  attacked  by  a  party  ot  *£  ihem  ihai  ^  re 

80  impetuous  was  the  charge  w>    J      t  our  ^°°P  ^  t  slaughter 

compelled  to  give  way  in  every  dirf?*10^3  J  Pennsylvanians  here-  found 
up  to  the  very  guns  of  the  fort.     This  I it  e  band  o  1  ^  force 

themselves  forsaken  by  the  Indians,  and  m  the     ace  o  ^  rf  ^^ 

and  assailed  by  four  companies  on  the ,lef fc  and .n  Jormed  and  kept 

compelled  to  retire,  but  having  gone  ab°utn^.^  raked  by  a  cannon  on  the 
up  a  heavy  fire  for  about  ten  minutes,  "f*^™to  f ^  companies  now 
Sght,  outflanked  and  almost  SOTr°^d  t^r^aT  They  had  depended  on 
bought  against  them  %™"°S^ta£k  army'but  as  this  was  not 
and  every  moment  expected  a^uppo t  ta««»«    ^  ^  fire  upoa 

given  them,  in  season  they  retired  id «°  h  d  chased  their  enemies 

their  assailants.     They  had  fought  more  than  an  lioi  ^^ 

a  mile  and  a  half,  and  when  ^.Xtw^et^ntering  the  field  under  Col. 
they  rejoined  their  regime nt ^JJfe11^ ^eir  p&art  as  if  they  had  been 
Fenton.      They  then  re-entered  the field and  bore  Ux       P  ^  ^^  of  „. 

fresh  from  their  tents.  Not  ^^^XncountBr.  Eight  of  their  men 
treme  exhaustion)  were  absent  horn ■  *^^  heir  wounded  Was  in  the  usual 
had  been  killed  in  the  woods  and  the  number  of  tn  ^  ^^  were 

proportion.  One  hundred  f^^S;  shot  down  by  the  enemy 
feft  dead  on  the  field.  Col,  J***"  *^J g£  White  were  taken  prisoners, 
after  his  surrender,  and  Maj galloway  and  Oap  ^  ^^  n 

rorttL^roCX  or^Xths,  but  whether  they  continued  during 

-iSHhrc^ 

county  connected  with  the  regular. ™J  ^n  ^™     Jtotomer  became  a  lieu- 
them  were  George  McFeely  and  WiBm  D.  *  oume  ^    6   1812>  aud 

tenant-colonel  in  the  Twenty, second .United  Stotos  In  »  gy,  ^ 
colonel  of  the  Twenty-fafth  April  16,  **£■       Q     Usle  Barracks.     He  left  that 
been  in  charge  of  the  recruiting  service  at  the  Oarl  ^  ^ 

place  October  5,  1812    and  P^ed  ^o  the  AU<  ^  tQ  ^  ^  Fort 

of  the  Twenty-second  Regent.     ^  itb ^  ^         N 

Niagara  to  relieve  Col.  Windei-n  the  command  ^  ^  ^.^    ^ 

ber  14.      In  the  artillery  duel  ^Jf^V  Winfield  Scott  ("'to  whom 
the  worst  of  the  game      May  27,  lai^Y  vangUard  in  the  movement 

he  yielded  precedence")  invited  him  to  ^\^f[n  that  expedition  and 
into  Canada.     Col.  Mcjeely  was  second  m  command  ^  ^  ^^ 

had  about  650  men  under  him      Thev  routed  a       1  ^  ^  cam. 

and  captured  Fort  George,  and  ^^f^Xmplain  later,  and  in  June, 
paign/   Lieut. -Col.  McFee  y  *»«££  ^£  Champ ,  ^  ^  ^ 

1814,  was  promoted  to  colonel   to  rank  from  Ap       P  .^  hig 

Maj.-Gen.  Jacob  Brown  on  ^^ral  ^onsfble  commands  until  close 
3^  ''He'watan  Slnfdtiplinarian,  Irad  his  troops  under  admirable 


BISTORT  OP  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY.  [07 

control,  and  was  remarkable  tor  his  coolness  under  the  enemy's  fire  and  his 
patient  hardihood  under  (he  severest  Bufferings." 

The  •   Patriotic  Blues"  was  another  company,  commanded  by  Oapt    Jacob 

Sqmor;  first  lieu  muel  MoKeehan;  second  lieutenant,  Frederick  I 

and  ensign,  Stephen  Kerr.  Theoompany  was  sent  to  Baltimore  to  assist  in 
repelling  the  British  attack  upon  that  city,  and  was  attached  to  the  Fortj  ninth 
Maryland  Militia  under  Lieut.  Ool.  Veazy.  Took  an  important  part' in  the 
actions  of  September  12-15,  1814,  and  on  the  Kith,  danger  being  apparently 
■  nor.  1.. ft  for  home  with  the  assurance  that  thei  had  performed  their  dutv 
honorably  and  well. 

"ffherewere  other  companies, "  saysDr.  Win-    ••  which  went  to  Baltimore 
ftom  the  eastern  towns  in  the  county,  and  from  what  is  now  Perry  County 
It  is  said  that  these  were  in  the  detachment  whirl,  was  sent  to  lie  in  ambush 

bythe  route  on  whiob  the  British  troop.  were  ex] tedtoadvan. n  it,  v,. 

lialtimoro.  As  Glen.  Ross,  the  commander  of  these  troops,  was  riding  by  the 
spot  where  the j  were  concealed,  it  is  said  that  two  sharpshooters  raised  their 
pieces  and  were  about  to  fire.  An  order  was  given  them  to  desist,  but  before 
«">  aose    namo  was  Kirkpatriok,  from  over  the  mountains,  could 

understand  the  order,  he  fired  his  gun  and  the  British  general  fell  The  re- 
sult was  that  a  tremendous  vollej  was  fired  into  the  thicket  where  they  were 
concealed;  but  confusion  was  thrown  into  the  plans  0f  the  invading  party  by 
the  Joss  of  their  commander,  and  the  idea  of  occupying  Baltimore  was  given 

In  order  to  protect  Philadelphia  from  possible  violence  at  the  hands  of  an 
invading  force,  a  large  body  of  troops  was  massed  at  that  point,  and  among 
them  was  a  company  known  as  the  "Carlisle  Guards,"  who  marched  under 
Uapt  Joseph  BMbert  early  in  September,  1814,  and  were  encamped  on  Bush 
UUl,near Philadelphia,  fornearlya  month,drilling,  constructing intrenchments, 
etc  lhey  saw  no  enemy,  but  were  subjected  to  as  strict  dicipline  as  troops 
at  the  front,  ('apt.  Balbert,  on  the  3d  of  August,  1X1 1.  had  been  commis- 
sioned by  Gov.  Snider,  a  major  of  the  Second  Battalion,  Twelfth  Regiment 
Pennsylvania  Militia,  in  First  Brigade,  Second  Division,  including  militia  of 
Cumberland  and  Franklin  Counties.  His  commission  was  for  four  years  from 
that  date.  J 

THE    MEXICAN    WAR. 

When  the  Mexican  war  broke  out  Carlisle  Barracks  was  in  command  of 
Capt.  J.  M.  Washington,  Battery  D,  Fourth  United  States  Artillery.  This 
company  of  light  artillery  received  recruits  from  various  portions  of  the  coun- 
try, and  finally  left  Carlisle  for  the  seat  of  war  June  23,  1846.  The  organiza- 
tion was  as  b,ll,,w.:  Captain.  J.  M.  Washington;  first  lieutenant,  J  P.  J 
UBnen:  second  lieutenant,  Eenry  L.  Whiting;  acting  assistant  quartermaster, 
rnos.  L.  Brent:  surgeon,  C.  M.  Hitchcock 

u  iiThe/'™Pa".v  'h'l  valiant  service  with  Taylor's  army  in  Mexico.  At  the 
battle  of  Buena  Vista  the  battery  was  divided  into  sections,  one  of  which  con- 
sisting of  three  guns,  undercharge  of  Lieut  O'Brien,  was  captured,  but  not 
nil  every  man  was  shot  down  and  ever]  horse  killed.  Lieut  O'Brien  was 
wounded,  but  continued  steadfast  at  his  post  till  the  last.  In  this  engagement 
the  casualties  to  the  section  were  as  follow,:  Killed,  privates,  Edwin  Holler 
Ureen,  Weakley,    Kink,  and  Doughty.      Wounded:   first  lieutenant    .1    P    J 

O  iJnen;  sergeant,  (>, n;  lance   rorgeant,  Pratt;   privates,  Hannams,  Puffer! 

Beagle,  Berrin,  Floyd,  Hannon,  Baker.  Brown.  Birch,  Butler,  Clark  and  Rob 

On  the  18th  of  January,   is  IT,  an  election  of  officers  for  tin  independent 


HIST0RY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

ten  regiments'  bill,"  embraced  recruits  & om  to  serye  & 

Counties,  and  probably  some  fro* dto     They  w        ^  ^  f  d 

the  war,  and  were  rendezvoused  at 0«"«teJBBiTO  y        h     ■       been  made 

sixty-si;  men,  but  left  Carlisle  with  f  ^^mpanY  G,  Eleventh  Infantry, 
o  it  en  route  for  Mexico.     It  ^S  men  asTS Carlisle:  first  sergeant, 

The  following  is  the  roster -of- enlisted  men  as  it  ^    ^ 

E    G.    Heck;  second  sergeant,  Wm.   Blame,  tuna        *  d  corporal, 

fourth  sergeant,  F    O.  Baker    firs    corpora  ,  &W.  Ha         ;  ^  Tho 
Wm.  Hippie;  third  corporal,  Jaco^™'Rowe;  prices,    Applegate    John 
drummer,    George  King;    nfer    Atctoba id  ^  ^  Jameg  c 

Brannon,  George  Boyer.   Samuel^ Baxter    W  GaBagan,  Graham    John 

Gulp,  Deung,  John  Evmger    Joseph  *  aust  ^^   Leonara  HotT- 

Gill,  SamuelGuysingen  George  Hikes    m       ^  Q  ^Ebb,   George 

man,  Wm.  Hollinger,   Hetrich     *^<™^  Wm  McDonald,  Misinger,  Sam- 
Lamison,  McCracken   Wm.  Moore   Mdntire ,  ^ ^m.  ^ 

uel  Peck,  Lafayette  Searcy   .f^0*^®^         Wilde,  Samuel  Zell. 
George  Shatto,  Emanuel  Wemch,  Lewi w«J°  ' R     t       but  on  reaching 
^    This  company  was  first  -^"^  ^Xenth  Infantry,  and  Lewis 
the  field  he  was  promoted  to  be  ma  or  o  fi  became  com_ 

house,  where  the  men  were  addressed  by  U  sented,  each  with  a 

appropriate  and  well-timed  remaiks.      iney  w  i     marched  to  the  cars 

S  testament,  by  M,  Samuel  ™g^  !^^  rk  toJ^^.^ 
to  the  tune  of ''The  Girl  I  left  Behind  Me  pittsbm:  b,  wbence  it  sailed  by 
company  proceeded  thence  by  c^al,bo^h^Rio  Grande  River  via  Brazos 
boat  to  New  Orleans,  and  ^.^"ilt  after  eighteen  days'  deten- 
Island.  After  a  time  it  «^  *fj^ ,  aTrampico,  where  it  lost  about  one- 
tion  on  the  Gulf,  it  was  compelled  ten B^op  at;  l        ^^     The  companJi 

third  of  its  number  by  yellow  J^1  ^XVcruz,  and  did  not  fight.         . 
from  no  fault  of  its  own,  never     each ed   ^ra  Count    and  their  services 

Other  companies  were  organized  in  Cumbe  j^  .g  ^^ 

tendered  to  the  Government,  but  not  accept^  ^  ^^  Capt 

pany  of  young  men  organized,  in  May   imu,  Mc0ord. 

r-  I  srs,  ssftsrss  "*  c0mpany  *  **  -** 

ment  of  men  known  as  Caf  ^fel'oi  wS  Point,  established  a  recruiting 
J^/A'^O^S^  House)  for  a  company  of  infantry. 

This  was  in  Jj-gJ^'j^a,  Tjnited  States  Artillery,  superintended  recruit- 
ing service  at  the  barracks  during  -""^g^  j^Lnd  of  the  barracks 
&From  the  time  Capt.  ™ungtoj ^^^     hftd  charge  of  the  public 
(June  23,  1846)  George  M   Sanno,  banack  ma, 
property  until  the  return  of  Col.  A.  C.  May,  Aug 


HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY.  1Q9 


<  IIAPTER  VI. 

f  N1777,  by  the  aid  of  the  Hessian  prisoners  captured  by  Gen.  Waahineton 

J.  at  Ir,,,„>n.  Ne«  Jersey,  certain  buildings  were  erected  in  the  edgeofCar 

lisle  ;i,„     known  thereafter  as  "Carlisle  Barrack*. "     Of  the  buildings  thus 

.n.,-t,,l   one,  situated  at  the  main  entrance  to  the  ground  and  blown  as 

£L„iT  '  ,  f"  n;'"u""-     Xhe8e  buildings,    increased  as  necessity 

demanded,  were  used  for  military  purp  .,,,1  till  they  were  diverted 

to  then-  present  purpose  for  the  Indian  Industrial  School.  The  officials  who 
from  turn-  to  tune  were  stationed  at  the  Barracks,  constituted  an  active  ele! 
Sa^belSon       "^  Mlbsoquently  figured  conspicuously  in  the  war  of 

is^Pf  Rowing  offioers  BOTVed  ;is  commanders  of  Carlisle  Barracks  from 
1888to  the  commencement  of  the  Rebellion,  the  facts  being  obtained  from 
the  War  Department  at  Washington: 

Fir^T   ^'    5    Ml"u"r-   (';'l't:K-  S-    D*>  s"''""'l   Lieut.    A.  J.    Smith  and 

First   Lieut.    1,    11.    West,    First    Drag is;    First    Lieut.    \\ .    H.    Saunders 

becond  Dragoons:  Maj.   C.     Wharton,    Fust  Dragoons;    Capt.   J    M     Wash! 

21  r  ?e?HJ-  \V'  ,?"''"  a'"1  Lieut-  CoL  M  M  Payne,' Fourth 
Artillery:  Capt.  Ohas  A.  May  and  First  Lieut.  A.  Pleasonton,  Second 
Dragoons;    First  Lieut.    B    Q    W.    Radford,    l^    Dragoons;     dentX 

cLt  A  T  « °>,  T  ^  L"'Ut-  ?'  H'  A"'1"—  Second  Dragoons: 
Jt.A.     .^i,.      ir,|),,,MKl  F.  Ruff,   Mounted  Rifles 

PS  t"  i,  Hr.tChtC°ok- ^'V  ('*"-  U-  1>att""'  CaP*-  D-  Davidson.  Capt. 
InfL^T       W 1  ^  ^  *emteelmaD    and  Capt.    H.     W.     Wessells,    Beoond 

Infantry;  Ineul  Col  <  I  Smith  and  Col.  E.  B.  Alexander,  Tenth  Infantry; 
Lieut. -Col.  O.  B.  Crittenden  and  First  Lieut.  Julian  May,  R.  M.  Rifles;  Capt 
K.  H.  Anderson,  Second   Drag is;  First  Lieut.  D.  H.  Maury,  R.  M.  Rifles; 

B-fl i        \i •'  t     1Varrar;1'   S '"'  Cavalry;  First   Lieut.   Alfred  abbs,  R.  M 

Bines;  Maj.  L.  P.  (.raham.  Second  Dra 

Of  theforegoing,  it  will  be  observed  that  Sumner.  A.  J.  Smith.  Pleason- 
ton and  Hemteelman  were  major  generals  during  the  Rebellion,  and  held 
comment  positions  in  the  Union  Army;   R.  H.  Anderson  was  a  major nera] 

'    "»*arland  County,  like  other  portions  of  the  Cumberland  Vallej  and  the 

stone  State,   always  responded  to  any  call  which  sought  to  defend  the 

Nataon  against  any  foes^  externalor  internal.     When  the  w^es  announced  thai 

tional  nag  had  b,e„  msulted  by  those  whom  il   had  previously  protected  and 

akcnn    ,    ,.'       T  77  '"'71  W',h  il"1^"a«"'"'  «»<"  responded,  with  patriotic 

ahum  .,,  the, ail  ,,i>r,M,lent   Lincoln,  bui  t atlj  installed  as  the  legally 

alected  1  resident  ofttus  great  commonwealth  Omen  to  proteotpub 

Fort  s, "7  ai  TTl'  '  ,'"  raPrema°y  of  the  Federal  Dnion  The  firing  on 
Fort  Sumter  ,u  Aprd.   1861,   and  the  surrender  of    Gen.    Anderson  to  over- 


11Q  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

helming  forces  of  secessionists  etirredthe ^™^£^^S'-o- 
response  to  the  President's  call  for  Jo  000  men  to^se  .  Qf  ^ 

three  companies  proffered  their  services  w*     »  ^^  foom  c&r_ 

proclamation.      One  of  these  company ^^- J-  &  q{  rendezvo1f ,  to 

Lie  Saturday,  April  18,  ^T^Cffi^  in  Carlisle  and  one 

Eebellion.  the  Sumner  Eifles   with  the  fol- 

^mnerJJ^es. -The  first  company ^  was  the  b  ^^nznt,    Augustus 

lowing   organization:     Captam   Chnstian  ^nto   <  Jolm    g.    Lyne, 

Zug;    second    lieutenant,    John    »■  Alexanaer,  »     corporals,  Charles  F. 

Barnet  Shafer,  John  W  1^' a^Swell  and  lohn  T?  Sheaffer.  It  be- 
Sanno  Charles  H.  J^  ^  Re^oTVennsylvania  Volunteers,  under 
came  Company   C    ot  the  JNinu»       o  f  Allentown. 

the  command  of  Col.  Henry  C   Longne^  ^  regiment 

Eleven  days  after  its    muteij   service ^      ^  ^  Camp  Wayne  till 

sent  for  chill  purposes  to  W.«^SwaSS^  Del.,  to  aid  the  loyal  people 
the  26th,  when  it  was  transferred  to  Wilmng>,  ^  attached  at 

of    that   State.     Beturnm g  byw y  of  C *hge   ^J  der   Col.   Dixon 

Chambersburg  to   the  Fourth   B  rigade  ot  ±  .q  ^  r  of 

S    Miles.      It  performed  faithful  duty   in « e  s  q  ^  term 

Martinsburg,  Falling  Waters  an d^ Wm=ort  gNI^  ^  ^  mustered 
of  service  having  almost  expired  J  »*«£  lon        period. 

out.    Many  of  its  men  ^^f/^J™  Zs  that enlisted  at   Mechanics^ 
A  second  company  of  three  months    me  Dorsheimer;    first 

blu-g   with  the    following  organization.     Captam  Kauffman;  ser- 

lieutenant,   David   H.   Kimi^S.Beoondheatoj^lB  aud  David  R 

geants.  George  11  Parsons,  B^amm  Ml,  S amuel  ^  Q 

Hell;  corporals,  Theophilus  M°^*£  "^c,  and  was  attached  to  the  Ehx- 
Levi  M.  Coover.  It  was  d «»*£tedj 3om panyO  ^  ^  ^  belonged  to 
teeuth  Regiment,  under  Col    Thomas ^  A.        g      ^   ^         ^  as  the 

the  Four* i  Brigade  under  Co 1  Miles,  ^  ^  ^  ^  ^.^  ^  wag  the 

SBX^SX  Keystone  State  to  re-enlis, 


RESERVE  REGIMENTS. 


reserve  k,,-,^  curtinrecom- 

MAM  On  the  20th  o^P^X^'' ^immediate  organiza- 
mendedtothe  Special  Legislature  of  P^X6^imeats  0f  cavalry  and  in- 
tion,  disciplining  and  arming  of  at  le art *™<£  |  he  TJllited  states."  In 
fantry,  exclusive  of  those .called mte Mfce  s™  Authorizing  a  body  of  soldiers 
harmony  with  this  '^^^SiSIL Commonwealth,"  to  consist  of 
known  as  the  "  Reserve  Volunteers ,  Co P ot  tn  artillery,  and  to  be 

thirteen  regiments  of  mfantryaad  each  £gJT    National  service 

mustered  for  three  years  or  dm  ^  *£*  ^  j      existence  since    1784 

TJnder  this    call,  the   Carhsl .   L^t    b an g,        f ollowing  commissioned 
was  iwganized  and  mustered  m  June  btbo  McCartney;     first    heu- 

and    aon-commissioned    officers:     Captam  Ro  p  q.  ^ 

tenant,    Joseph   Stuart;    ^ond    lieutenau ;  UB  and  Abram  Heiser; 

£^W3SHii^Wa2?S^  Deemer,  Frederick  K. 

„«-       ■ „„^  Ticiniol  Askew. 


COl  poi  <"=>,     " """  .     . 

Morrison  and  Daniel  Askew. 


BISTORT  OB  CUMBERLAND  OODNTY.  I  |  | 

Capt.  MoCartnej  resigning  in  August,  1861,  his  position  was  taken 
,    "*',"'  ?.:!'-  ':>  l'1"1"-  I,u-V,m-  who  was  killed  at  South  Mountain  Septem 

:,r  "■  l862      H,8Bn Bsorwas  I'.  B    WoManus,  who  retained  command  till 

aeoompan,  wasmustered  out,  June   13,    L864      I,  I       ,:,  stuarl    was 

killed  at  Gaines    Mill,  June  27,   1862,  and  was  sn led  In  John   A    Crow] 

raowas  promoted  from  the  rank,  through  the  intermediate  grades 

The   Carlisle  Guards    a    second    organization,    was    mustered    June     LO 

withtte  following  officers:     Captain,  I    |    rjodd;  firsl   lieutenant,  Geoi 

W.  Cropp;  second   beutenant,    Isaiah   II.   Graham;  sergeants,    V7m    B    v 

James    Brodenck,    Robert    B.    Smiley,    G ge    \.    Keller;  corporals,  T     B* 

Kauffman,  Isaac  Gorgas,  J.  T.  Bailej  ami   Levi   II    Mullen 

These  companies  became  Companies  II  and  I  respectively,  of  the  Thirtieth 
Regiment  im.W  th..  .'..,u„i:m.l.,f  K.  hm.11,.  R,.Im.,-n.  col.,,,,!;"  H.  M  Mclntvre 
lieutenantcolonel,  and  Lemuel  Todd,  major.  The  promotion  of  Capl  Todd 
to  the  majorship  gave  the  position  of  captain  to  George  W.  Cropp  The 
place  was subsequent^ 'filled  al-,,.  by  T.  B.  Kauffman *and  Esaiah  Graham. 
:_  the  battle  of  Bull  Run.  the  Thirtieth  Regiment  was  ordered  to  Washine 
ton,  but  stopping  at  Annapolis,  ,t  performed  such  efficient  service  in  ffuardW 
™17,ln";"""r"':"1,",a";1    preventing  the  smuggling  of  supplies   into   the 

South,   as  to  ehoit  s] taJ  mention  by  Gen.  John  A.   Dix.     On    hurust   30 

theregimeni  was  sent,  via  Washington,  to  Tennallytown,  M.I..  where  it  united 
m th  other  reserves  under  Gen.  McCall.  During  the  autumn  and  winter  of 
1861,  it  engagedinthe  Virginia  campaign,  near  Dranesville,  Manassas  June 
bonand  Fredericksburg  In  the  engagements  at  Mechanicsville  and  Gaines' 
Mill,  during  the  I  amnsular  campaign  of  1862,  the  command  suffered  heavilv 
toeing  some  fourteen  blled  and  about  fifty  wounded  Among  the  former 
was  Lieut  Stuart  of  Company  II,  Subsequently,  at  Centreville  and  South 
Mountain,  the  regiment  met   its  f„nii,.r  !',„■-  n  I  now  S11W<S(W 

Che  same  year  it  engaged  in  the  severely  contested  battles  of  Antietam  and 
I  Ve^cksburg  and  the  foltowing  year  was  a  part  of  the  grand  army  which, 
at  Gettysburg  turned  the  fateof  the  Confederacy  July  I  -3,  1863.    Itsservices 

earlj  ls«,u. II  June  13 when  itwas  musteredout  at  Phfladelphia.  [tsmuster- 
5,3' lM/\ ]r  V °S  '":::,  °*^^ber,  l39werelo stbye icknessand 
death  on  tiiefield  of  battle,  233  were  wounded,  258  „-,,•,.  discharged  for  diss 
bility,  and  1  is  re  enlisted  as  veterans. 

Seventh  Reserve —A  companj  known  as  the  Carlisle  Pencibles,  was   readv 
for  son;,,,  „;APnl     ls.;i.     With  a  beautiful  satin  flag,   bearing  the  moi 
May  God Defend  the  Right,  '  the  gift  of  Mrs.   Samuel  Alexander,   grand 

.lauU'h,r,,f  Col.   Ephraim    Blaine,  th. mpany  left   Carlisle,  on  June  6    for 

Westchester^  ,te  organization  consisting  of  the  following  officers:  Captain, 
nHrt.-M,:  beutenant,  James  S.  Colwell;  second  lieutenant 

Brtwnes  Beatty;  orderly  sergeant,  John  D.  Adair. 

°BPt  Henderson,  wounded  both  at  Charles  City  Cross  Roads  and  Bull  Run 
was  promoted  to  bent,  el,  Julj   1.  1862,  his  position  being  filled  by 

Lieut.  J  S  Colwell.     The  latter  being  killed  at  Antietam,  September  17    L862 

Iaeut  Beatty  became  captain,  SamuelV.  Rubj  and  D.  \\ .  Burkholderl ame 

iirst  and  Becond  beutenants,  respectively. 

Almost  simultaneous  with  the  organization  of  this  company.  „„,  was  raised 

atMec  hanicaburg.withJ ph  rotten  as  captain;  JritS 

ubo.  W.  (  omfort  as  second  beutenant,  and  John  W.  Tonkas  first  sergeant 
Capt.   rotten  was  promoted  to  beutenant  colonel  soon  after  the  departure  of 
the  company,  and  was  followed  by  Henry  I.  Zinn,  who,  resig November  30 


HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

,  rr-  TV,p  latter  remained  with  the  company  till  it 


13    1862.  .  •     i     4.  nQ,nr,  Wavne,  became  Companies  A 

13'  These  companies,  o^LTof  Eese^wlSe  officers  were:     Colonel 
and  H  of  the  Seventh «n t  of  Re ^e  •  el   Josepll  Totten;  major 

EHsha  B.  Harvey,  of  WiBw  B^       u*e  imeIlt  was  ordered  to  report  to 

Chauncey  A.  Lyman,  of  Leaven     ^  M      g  mustered  into  the  United 

Washington,  D.  0.,  where  on  the  27th  o J^  Reserves  under  command 

Sates  Service,  and  finally  attghed to ^BnjdjoJ Rq  ^ 
of  Gen.  George  G.  Meade.     Having  SP^  .       {     the  Peninsular  cam- 

era Virginia,   the  regiment  was  given ^  active    ™  tuous  attack  on 

patn.  At  Gaines'  Mill  it  was  call ^^2  numlbers  it  saved  the 
iXfield's  artillery.  Though  >****£»$ on  r  with  twenty  of  his  men. 
caissons,  Capt.  King,  ^eve^fmbraSnl  about  one-half  of  its  effective 
The  loss  of  the  regiment  was  large,  embracing  it  was 

force      In  the  succeeding  seven  days    faghtmg    ™  revealing  the  fact 

inually  occupying  posts  of  dger^^  Capt.  Henderson  and 
that  the  loss  was  301  embrac  g  ™™°™  m  oi  the  men  who  started  on 
Lieuts.  Zug  and  Beatty   and  that  oa^abo^  ^^  ^  ^.^  of  officers> 

tTc^HeSr  blcLe  H^-^-colonel.  ^  and  joiaed 

In  August  following  this  brigade  was  sent  to  the  Kaj  !  Groveton, 

t„  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia,  commanded ^by  Gen ^  Ued  battle, 

with  heavy  loss  and  the  funding  o^  Hend  the  or  0f 

of  the  Potomac  again,   under  command L  ol£  land  to   Sollth  Mountain 

pope,  to  Washington;  thence  through  Wem  M.  . J  ^^  took  an  ,m- 
audintietan,  At  the  latt er  p lace^S ep ml ei  h^^  The  lo51oao 
portantpart,  but  suffered  heavdy: m  kiUe  da  ^  ^  pnvates  John 

a  shell  either  killed  or  wounded  moitall  ,   oap  A 

Gallio.  Leo  Faller   David  BpataandW^  Cnlp ^ofC      ^  7  ^  de. 

A  few  months  later,  viz.,   Decembei  1.,  ix ■ ?  *_      Crossing  the  river  m 

unsuccessful  attack  upon  the  Rebels  a t  Fiede ™Wh irg  stuart's  battery; 

the  face  of  the  enemy,  it  was  subjecte ,d  to  a    a "    »  Loagstreet's  lines, 

but  moving  up  the  height,  leaping  ditches * ^pe  finally  repulsed, 

capturinglndsendingbackmorethanlOOprisoners^  ^  ^^  rf  threQ 

the  captures  by  soldiers  of Company  A  g°^  f^  iment.  Corp.  Cart  was 
rebel  captains  and  the  battte^agof  ^e  ^^  the  regiment  were  heavy, 
given  a  medal  for  capturing  the  coloi  s.      "\  After  tMs  sanguinary  bat- 

embracing  6  killed,  72  wounded  and  22  ^1S^  d  Washington,  where  it  re- 
2  the  recent  was  called  to  perform ^ du ty  a iou nd  S     ^  ^        d 

xnained  till  the  next  spring  when  A  moved ^ou  ^  ^  pm  the 

In  the  Wilderness,  near  Chanceloisville .  ^  ^.^  were  taken 

enemy,  were  captured  on  the  2d  <**£>  X  piorence,  where  many  of  them 
to  Southern  prisons,  notably  AndersonMlle ™*  taken  to  Macon,  were  sub- 

died  under  most  pitiable  cn-cumstances.  Thnes°afchal,est0n,  to  defend  the  city 
sequently  exposed  to  the  fire  of  Federal  gms  ^  increased  by  re- 

against  attack.     A   fragment  *  J™  **£?  H,  participated  in  the  Campaign 

J^^^YQb^m^S^^&^  its  service  itwasmustered 

against  Richmond  in  WA.     At  tne  exj 
out  June  16,  1864  at  Philadelphia. 


Jiid-a/i/  ^ze&csi 


HISToky  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTV.  i15 

'  U  U  St  si  i;\  !.  i  . 


of  V(,rk,„w,,     With  Av,rill  ',     t       ,  .)  participating  m  the  siege 

Safis ' -2sW^^«3ES£3i 

'-"«  ".ViraiMi.  ,„„!„,,.  .l„ri„c',l..;.       ,,!  ii*  "I"*,,  .operation, 

..     ■    ,  uouuig,    u  in.   n.  Lollnis   assumed     he   nlnna        incQ1>i,    r>     v  i         ■ 

Carlisle,  was  first  lieufc  inAwrnsf    is.  ••>  P7  j*"  Yaie>  ot 

Comimnv  M  of  same  reehnent      T  ,i    ,  Was  Promoted  captain  of 

pated  in  the  CJhiekamanga  battle  hTwMch  I     „'    V    "'"'     86mT  ,   Jt  P***- 
most  of   the  men  re-e^isSd  at  £SwL 1C  ^     *?  ^ 

Efts '  ""-■—<  -  — t,,..,.",1,,;,  2*  i^TE^S** 

Ninth    Pennsylvania   ('-.vlr         ,     ,  ,'"•    ""  k""w"  «*  H  and  I  of  the 

Sa^:« 

rhe  regimen!  bore  the  name  of  "Lochiel  Cavalrv  "  ,„  i    '  Uniriifc 

United  States.     In  it  w,„.  '  1 ,  V  ™  '  r  '"'"  v;"'"'"~  ?****  "f  the 


116  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY, 

mustered  out  of  service  March  24,  1863. 

NINE    MONTHS'     MEN-ONE    HUNDRED    AND    THIRTIETH    REGIMENT 

succeed  by  AlphoneoB.  B««s|' ""*  i '  In  b„„   had  a,  officers  Captain, 

Jamcexs^ss»t,^s  sasaf — a  **«*  *-* 

A'  ?,arriS'       t?  roac  formed  at  Newville  with  Wm.  Laughlin  as  captain;  Joshua 

me„,  had  the  following .T^S'Srt  ■  toittH.verSck,  firsts- 
tot  lientenaot;  W.  A.  G.vler,  second J>j«*  T\Z^  17    ££„,.    Zinn 
ge.nt,     When  Capt   Zran  was  appointed  eolonat  Angn  t       , 
was  promoted  to  be  carton; ."^TS^^^^f  ^'^ to  tot  lie»- 

Wi  French,  and  he  by  Wm   E.  fmn.  Carlisle,  with  John  Lee,  captain; 

Company  G  was  tamed  ,n  and » ^a  d;  d  lieuteaBnt.     Lee 

Tn>in  S    Lvne    first  lieutenant,   i nomas  x/.  ^u"c  >  „A„ 

It  promoted  to  major;  but  after  his  resignation,  February  5,  1863,  was  sue 

ceeded  by  John  S.  Low.  Hoffaker,  mainly  at  New  Cum- 

,     ,CT.n^L™S»Tew  \b7to  «.to»»»t  was' George  C.  Marshall, 
SolnlMcG^rndBenten^h  J^SIS^SPSS^Si 

13   1863   the  lieutenants  were  regularly  promoted,  ana  oergi.  o 

^^le^t^anizationof  ^  regime^  it  was^  to  Jashin^n, 

service  was  in  the  battle  of    Antietam    w  conduct   elicited  the 

wounded.      ^f^^^^L^o^Mer.      After  camp  - 
strong  «7m^a^°e^e^rTioved  to  Fredericksburg,  and  engaged  m 

a,S4Si?sa  £3'-^^  Mied  °r  —ded> a  iarge  per  cent 


HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY.  H" 


of  its  depleted  rank-.  Among  the  billed  were  Col.  Zinn  and  Oapt  Laughlin 
Iaeut  Haveretick  was  again  wounded.  Its  next  Bervioe  was  in  the  campaign 
around  OhanceUoravdle,  where  Lieut -Col.  Maiah  and  Lieut.  John  Bays were 
wounded.  Ito  term  of  enlistment  having  expired,  the  regimen)  was  mustered 
out  at  Harrisburg  on  the  -1st  of  May,  and  its  citizen  soldiers  were  w 
home  with  great  demonstration  of  feeling. 


ll.Als'      MIA. 


me  three  months  men,  already  spoken  of,  who  had  served  under  Capts. 
Christian  Kuhns  and  Jaeob  Doraheimer,  re-enlisted  and  were  mustered  for 
three  years  service.  Christian  Kuhns  was  captain  of  the  reorganized  com- 
pany  and  remained  with  it  till  April  2,  1863.  when  I,,  was  succeeded  |,v  First. 
Lieut  James  Noble.  II,,  companj  was  known  as  Companj  A,  of  the  Kl,x 
enth  Regiment,  and  served  as  anintegral  part  of  the  Lrmj  of  the  Potomac  in 
toe  Virginia .campaigns.  The  second  company,  known  as  Company  A  One 
Hundredand  Seventh  Regiment  of  which  Thomas  A.  X„„l,  ,lf  v,„.k'  wis 
colonel  was  presided  over  bj  Capt  Doraheimer  for  about  a  year,  when  he 

'"ul  was  sue. ded  by  Theodore  K.  Scheffer  and  Samuel  Lvon     The 

regiment  served  also  with  the  Armj  of  the  Potomac  at  Antietam,  ChanceUors- 
ville,  Gettysburg,  and  m  the  usual  minor  contests.  These  two  Cumberland 
t  ountg  companies,  faithful  from  the  beginning  to  the  close  of  the  war.  having 
Pupated  in  the  grand  review  at  Washington  May  -_'3,  is.;:,,  wm,  1I1UBtered 
out  of  service  with  nchly  earned  honors. 

A  number  of  men  went  from  the  county  into  Company  A,  of  the  One  Hun- 
dredand  First  Regiment  commanded  at   first   by  Capt   David  M.  Armour, 

and  afterward  by  James  Sheaier.      i.c lervice  was  seen  in  North  Carolina 

Indersomni,  "^  ""''"  '''''I'""'"'1  ;""!  spelled  to  undergo  the  horrors  or 

•  •  lDi  ^  a.Partof  a  company   was   enlisted  in  Cumberland  County,  and 
pined  at  Harrisburg  with  men  from  Cameron  County,  forming  Company  G,  of 
the  Lu;h,y.fourth  Regiment     The  companj    office^  consisted  of  Capt   Mer- 
rick  Housler,  First  Lieut   James   W.  Ingram  and  Second  Lieut.   Daniel  W 
■^aggart     It  operated  m  West  Virginia  duringthe  early  part  of  1862,  but  par- 

toipated  subsequently  at  Bull   Run  (a ,d  battle),  Chancellorsville    Gettys- 

burg,  Wilderness  and  siege  of  Petersburg.  ' 

MII.ITIA    or    1862.   ' 

The  terrible  defeat  of  the  Union  Army  at  the  second  battle  of  Bull   Run 

afforded  grave  apprehensions  of  the  devastation  of  southern  Pennsylvania  by 

Gov.  Curtm  summoned  50,000,  to  be  mustered  at  Harrisburg 

at  once  to  serve  as  protectors  for  the  border.      Everywhere  did  the  people  re 

spend  cheerfully  to  the  call.     Two  columns,  o, f  I5,000at  Eagers town   and 

another  of  25,000  ready  to  march  from  Harrisburg,  if  n led,  ZSdXS 

not,,,  spirit  of  the  Keystone  State.  Of  these  troops,  so  quick  to  respond 
Cumberland  County   furnished   one   regiment,  which  was  held  in  service  only 

wo  weeks  viz  September  1 1  to  25.  Its  officers  consisted  of  Col.  Henry  Mc 
Cormic*.  Lieut-Col.  Root  A.  Lamberton  and  Map  Thos.  B  Bryson  The 
ala.-nty  with  which  these  troops  appeared  on  the  scene  of  action  celled  forth 
warm  praise  from  both  Gen.   McClellan  and  the  governor  of  Maryland! 

I  0  [PASTES  of  1863. 

Toward  the  , .lose  „f  1862,  some    companies   were  gathered   iri   th,.   county, 
but  did  not  get  into  actual  service  till   the   early    par,    of    L863.      One   of  these 


118  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

was  organized  for  nine  months'  service,  with  the  following  officers:  Captain 
Martin  G.  Hall;  first  lieutenant,  Henry  S.  Crider;  second  lieutenant  Patrick 
S  McCoy.  It  became  Company  F,  of  the  One  Hundred  Fifty-eighth  Regi- 
ment, under  Col.  David  B.  McKibben,  and  with  its  regiment  served  m  North 
Carolina,  principally  assisting  in  the  recovery  of  a  Umon  gamsonat  Washing 
ton  from  the  clutches  of  Gen  Hill;  afterward  it  served  with  Ger •  Meade  m 
in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  till  Lee  was  driven  across  into  Virginia.  It  was 
mustered  out  of  service  at  Chambersburg  August  12,  18bd.  oaTOn+pftTlti, 

Company  F,  of  the  One  Hundred  and  Sixty-second  Eegiment  Seventeenth 
Cavalry  was  raised  by  Capt.  Charles  Lee,  for  three  years.  The  regament 
colonefs  Josiah  H.  Kellogg  and  Jamos  Q.  Anderson,  was  in  ^"  £»> 
Brigade  and  served  with  Hooker  at  Chancellorsville,  Buford  at  Gettysburg 
fn  e^strn  VhJnL  next  year,  with  Sheridan  in  the  Shenandoah  Valley,  and 
with  Army  of  Potomac  when  peace  was  declared. 

Company  B,  of  the  One  Hundred  and  Sixty-fifth  Eegiment  of  drafted™, 
litia,  was  formed  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  county,  with  Abraham  J  Bupp •** 
captain  and  Henry  Lee  as  first  lieutenant.  It  served  from  November,  1862 
+m  it  was  mustered  out  July  28,  1863.  There  were  also  some  men  in  the 
^WhSSr7(One  Hundred  and  Sixty-fifth  Eegiment,  Pennsylvania), 
whose  record  can  not  be  given. 

companies  or  1864. 
Portions  of  the  Two  Hundredth  and  Two  Hundred  and  First  Regiments  were 
recruited  from  Cumberland  County,  one  from  the  towns  of  W  est  Fairview  and 
New  Cumberland.  Company  K,  of  the  Two  Hundred  and  First  Eegiment  was 
mustered  into  service,  for  one  year,  at  Hamsburg,  August  29,  1864.  Its 
Xferswere:  Captain,  Alexander  C.  Landis;  first  lieutenant,  Alexander  Stew- 
art second  lieutenant,  JohnH.  Snow;  sergeants,  Daniel  FBohrer,  John  A. 
WUmer  S  G  Glauser,  Henry  G.  Walters  and  Richard  G.  Moore;  corporals, 
George  Shields,  Hiram  C.  Senseny,  W.  A.  Clugh  Theo.  Arte,  Vi  m.  H.  Tntt 
JO  M  Butts,  Geo.  McCormick  and  Thos.  V.  Baker;  musicians,  Wm.  W. 
Snyder  Jos  H  Snyder,  Henry  Dumbaugh  and  Henry  Graves.  This  company 
wTformed  from  Shippensburg  and  vicinity.  The  two  regiments  operated 
largely  in  eastern  Virginia,  and  performed  meritorious  service. 

Companies  G,  H  aid  part  of  Company  D,  of  the  One  Hundred  and  Second 
Regiment  were  formed  from  the  county,  and  were  commanded ^  ™«gj^ 
by  Capts  David  Gochenauer,  John  P.  Wagner  and  S.  C.  Powell.  The  regi- 
mentguarded  the  Manassas  Gap  Eailroad,  to  keep  it  open  for  carrying  army 

BUPComoanies  A  and  F,  of  the  Two  Hundred  and  Ninth  Eegiment,  were 
musSr3  September  let  1864,  under  Capts.  John  B.  Landis  and  Henry  Lee. 
SrcoTonel  Tobias  B.  Kauffman,  Capt.  Lee  and  Lieut.  Hendricks  with  nine- 
tee. In  Were  captured  November  17,  while  defending  the  picket  line  and 
were  held  prisoners  till  the  close  of  the  war.  The  regiment  remained  in  active 
service  till  the  close  of  the  Eebellion  by  Lee  s  surrender. 

BUSINESS  MEN  IN  THE  ARMY. 

The  public  men  of  the  county  took  an  active  part  in  support  of  the  Govern- 
meJZSg  the  war.  Particularly  was  this  true  of  the  ega  P-fess^ 
SavsDr  Wing,  in  his  History  of  Cumberland  County,  p.  137.  At  the  very 
fost  call  when  the  example  of  prominent  men  was  of  peculiar  importance  a 
£ge  nlber  of  these  gentlemen  promptly  gave  in  their  names  and  ente .ed  in 
most  instances  as  privates  untd  they  were  promoted  to  office.     Ignorant  as 


HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COl'NTV.  119 

Umj  all  were  of  military  drill,  they  at  once  submitted  to  the  instruction  of  a 
sergeant  at  Carlisle  Barracks,  and  as  Boon  as  poaaible  left  their  pleasant  homes 
for  the  severities  of  an  ill  Bnpplied  and  parilons  service.  In  mosl  rases  this 
was  at  the  sacrifice  of  health  and  sometimes  of  life,  and  they  were  intelligent 

enough  to  know  beforehand  what  those  sacrifices  were  likely  to  be.  They 
were  not  alone,  for  they  were  accompanied  by  many  in  ever  \  walk  of  life. 
Among  them  were  R.  ML  Henderson,  John  Lee.  Lemuel  Todd,  A.  Brady 
Sharps,  christian  P.  Hnmrioh,  0.  McGlaughlin,  George  8.  Emig,  C.  P.  Corn- 
man.  Joseph  G.  Vale,  ffm.  I'..  Miller,  J.  Brown  Parker.  Wm.  M.  Penrose, 
Joseph  s.  Oolwell,  s.  V.  Bnby,  Wm.  D.  Halbert,  D.  X.  Xevin,  J.  B.  Landis, 

John  Hays  and  J.  M.  Weakley.  These  took  their  places,  not  in  some  single 
company  or  regiment  to  which  special  eclat  might  be  awarded,  but  wherever 
their  lot  happened  to  fall.  As.  however,  the  companies  belonging  to  the  One 
Hundred  and  Thirtieth  were  in  process  of  formation  at  that  time,  most  of  them 
were  connected  with  that  regiment. ' ' 

REPRESENTATIVES    IN    RElilLAK    ARMY. 

Thus  far  the  records  have  shown  the  work  of  men  in  volunteer  service. 
Cumberland  Comity  had  an  honorable  representation  in  the  regular  army, 
among  whom  we  can  specify  the  following  only  briefly: 

Samuel  Sturgis.  born  at  Shippensbnrg  in  1822,  and  graduated  at  West 
Point,  served  through  the  Mexican  war  with  distinction,  gave  valuable  aid 
afterward  in  suppressing  hostile  Indians,  and  with  increasing  and  deserved 
promotions  to  the  rank  of  brigadier-general,  aided  greatly  in  quelling  the 
great  Rebellion. 

Washington  L.  Elliott,  whose  father.  Com.  Jesse  D.  Elliott,  was  second 
in  command  at  the  naval  battle  at  Lake  Brie  September  10,  L818,  was  born  at 
Carlisle  in  1825.  After  three  years'  study  in  Dickinson  College,  he  graduated 
at  West  Point  in  Ml.  With  the  rank  of  second  lieutenant  he  served  effi- 
ciently in  the  Mexican  war.  and  among  the  Indians  with  the  rank  of  first 
lieutenant  and  captain.  II.'  Berved  during  the  late  Rebellion,  with  the  ranks 
of  major,  colonel  and  brigadier  general,  in  both  the  Eastern  and  Western 
Armies.  In  all  the  stations  to  which  he  was  assigned,  he  demonstrated  him- 
self to  be  an  able  and  trustworthy  commander. 

John  R.  Smead  was  born  in  1830  and  graduated  from  "West  Point  in  1851. 
When  the  war  of  the  Rebellion  began  he  was  employed  with  Prof.  Bache  on 
the  ooast  BUTVey.  He  entered  the  artillery  service,  and  as  captain  of  a  battery 
in  the  Fifth  Artillery,  he  participated  in  the  campaign  around  Richmond  and 
in  the  second  battle  of  Hull  Run.  At  the  latter  place  he  was  struck  and  billed 
by  a  ten-pound  cannon  ball.  August  31,   1862. 

Alexander  Piper,  graduate  of  West  Point  in  1851J  and  an  associate  of 
Smead,  served  through  the  Rebellion  in  various  responsible  positions,  having 
attained  the  rank  of  captain  and  become  Smead' S  successor  after  the  battle  of 
Bull  Run.     He  died  October  30,  1876. 

lee's  invasion  in  1863. 
The  most  exciting  period  of  the  war  to  the  Cumberland  Valley  was  that 
connected  with  th.-  invasion  of  1863.  The  devastating  and  demoralize 
tees  of  war  were  brought  home  to  the  citizen  engaged  in  the  lawful  pursuits 
of  every  day  life.  The  advance  of  the  enemy  to  the  Potomac  in  the  region  of 
William-port  or  Harper'-  Ferry  was  always  a'  signal  for  a  stampede  along  the 
valley  in  the  dirert  bnrg.      Money  and  other  valuables  wen-  rei 

horses  and  cattle  were  driven  out  of  the  country  for  their  own  safety  and  to 


120  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

prevent  giving  aid  to  the  Rebels,  and  a  general  restlessness  and  anxiety  took 
possession  of  the  people.  When  in  May,  1863,  after  the  defeat  of  Hooker  s 
army  at  Chancellorsville,  Gen.  R.  E.  Lee  made  requisition  on  the  Confederate 
commissary  department  for  rations  for  his  hungry  men,  he  was  answered,  It 
the  General  wants  provisions,  let  him  go  and  look  for  them  m  Pennsylvania 
He  came  On  the  20th  of  June,  Gen.  Swell's  corps  began  to  cross  the  Poto- 
mac at  Williamsport  and  commenced  to  move  in  the  direction  of  Harrisburg. 
Chambersburg  was  reached  by  a  portion  of  Ewell's  corps  on  the  166.,  bren. 
R.  S.  Ewell  himself  arriving  on  the  24th.  .       „.  , 

Gradually  the  troops  marched  along  the  valley,  occupying  Shippensburg  on 
the  25th,  and  reaching  Carlisle  on  Saturday,  the  27th. 

When  the  alarm  of  the  Rebel  approach  was  first  sounded  companies  of 
civilians  were  organized  by  Capts.  Martin  Kuhn,  John  S  Low,  A  Brady  Sharpe 
David  Block  and  Robert  Smiley.  These  companies  embraced  the  best  elements 
of  the  community,  the  pastors  of  the  Episcopal  and  the  Reformed  Churches 
entering  as  privates.  In  connection  with  these  militia  companies  Capt.  V\  .  H. 
Boyd  First  New  York  Cavalry,  with  200  of  his  men,  performed  picket  duty. 
As  Gen  A  G.  Jenkins'  advance  of  400  cavalry  came  toward  town,  these 
companies  fell  back.  Jenkins  was  met  enroute  by  Col. William  M  Penrose  and 
Robert  Allison,  assistant  burgess,  and  was  requested  to  make  no  dash  upon  the 
town  lest  a  panic  among  the  women  and  children  might  ensue  He  entered  in 
good  order,  his  men  being  on  the  alert  against  surprise.  He  demanded  of  the 
place  supplies  for  men  and  horses.  The  citizens  responded  generously,  and 
the  provisions  were  stored  in  the  stalls  of  the  market  house.  A  good  supply 
of  corn  was  also  obtained  from  the  crib  of  John  Noble.  . 

In  the  afternoon  of  the  same  day  (Saturday),  Rodes'  and  Johnson  s  divis- 
ions of  Ewell's  corps  arrived,  Early's  division  having  crossed  the  mountains,  via 
Fayetteville,  to  York.  The  band  at  the  head  of  the  column  played  Dixie,  the 
men  conducting  themselves  with  much  decorum  notwithstanding  their  ragged 
condition.  Gen.  Ewell  established  his  headquarters  in  the  barracks  he  occupy- 
'  in-  the  dwelling  of  Capt.  Hastings,  while  his  staff  took  the  adjacent  biuldings. 
The  commanding  general  was  well  acquainted  with  the  barracks  and  the  town, 
having  been  stationed  there  in  former  years.  In  consequence  of  this  acquain- 
tanceship, he  spared  the  public  buildings  from  being  burned  on  the  eve  of  his 

dePHeUateonce  made  a  public  demand  for  1.500  barrels  of  flour,  four  cases 
of  surgical  instruments,  quinine,  chloroform  and  other  medical  supplies 
They  could  not  be  furnished,  however.  Strict  orders  were  issued  against  the 
selling  of  intoxicating  drinks  to  soldiers,  and  the  pillaging  of  private  property 

1)7  Sunday  and  Monday  were  dreary  days  for  the  town.  All  communication 
with  the  loyal  world  was  cut  off.  On  the  Lord's  day  services  w«re  c°nducted 
at  several  of  the  churches  by  their  own  pastors.  At  the  same  time  the  cl  ap- 
lains  of  rebel  regiments  encamped  in  the  college  campus,  and  at  the  garrison 
conducted  services  for  then  troops  with  great  fervor.  Guards  were  stationed 
at  the  street  corners,  to  preserve  order  and  to  receive  any  complaints  made  by 
citizens.  Some  spirited  discussions  between  soldiers  and  citizens  on  moral 
and  political  questions  were  had,  but  with  more  courtesy  and  good  feeling  than 
generally  characterize  such  controversies.  All  conversation  with  Southern  of- 
ficers and  soldiers  led  the  people  to  believe  that  their  movement  was  directed 
toward  Harrisburg  and  Philadelphia.  On  Monday  evening,  however ^John- 
son's division,  encamped  at  McAlister's  Run,  began  to  move  m  the  direction 
of  Stoughstown,  Shippensburg  and  Fayetteville,  the  march  being  characterised 


IIISToin    OF  CI  MBERI  LND  COUNT!  l'_'l 

bg  a  want  of  dicipline  and  Che  commission  of  heinous  outrages  upon  unoffend 
Log  people. 

irly  a-  ::  o'clock  of  Tuesday  morning,  the  remaining  troops  from  the 

oollege  campus  and  the  barracks,  a< ipanied  bj  Gen.  Ewell  i  move 

along  the  pike  in  the  direction  of  Mbuh<  Holly.  The  town  was  deserted  by 
rebel  forces  exi  airy,  who  continued  till  evening  doing  provost  duty, 

when  they  also  left  The  pillaging  around  the  barracks  and  the  destruction 
of  public  and  private  propertj  were  performed  by  dissolute  characters,  some 
of  whom  proved  to  be  deserters  thai  afterward  enlisted  in  the  Union  -.Trice. 
It  has  been  said  the  town  was  largely  deserted  bj  rebel  I  bis  needs  a 

little  modification.  About  the  time  the  people  began  to  rejoice  over  the  disap- 
ranceofthe  rebel  forces,  a  bod}  of  cavalry,  under  command  of  Col.  Coch 
ran  and  numbering  about  WO,  made  it-  appearance  at  the  gas  works  on  the 
Djllstown  road,  and  took  possession  of  the  streets.  These  men,  intoxicated 
against  orders,  became  unmanagable,  and  their  stay  in  the  town  made  citizens 
restless.     Thus  closes  the  condition  of  affairs  in  Carlisle  Tuesday,  June  30. 

The  incidents  of  the  following  graphically  and  carefully  presented 

bj   Dr.  Wing  that  we  give  his  account  entire: 

"Early  on  Wednesday  morning,  the  town  was  gladdened  by  the  return  of 
200  men  of  the  Firsi   New  York  Cavalry.     They  had 

been  at  the  extreme  eastern  part  of  the  county,  in  the  neighbor! 1  of  Fort 

Washington,  and  had  had,  on  Sunday  evening,  a  slight  artillery  skirmish  at 
Oyster's  Point,  about  three  miles  west  of  Harrisburg,  with  a  small  pari 
Gen  Jenkins'  men.  That  general  had  spent  a  uight  at  Mechanicsburg,  and  on 
Sunday  advanced  with  a  few  men  to  reconnoitre  the  bridge  over  the  Susque- 
hanna; but  on  seeing  the  preparations  there,  had  deemed  it  prudent  to  retire. 
This  was  the  farthest  point  in  the  direction  of  Harrisburg  to  which  the  invad- 
ing  troop,  ventured   to   pro, d.      On  hearing  the  rapid  ,  the  Union 

Army  under  Gen.  Meade,  in  his  rear.  Gen  Dee  at  once  perceived  that  he 
could  not  safely  advance  with  roch  a  force  between  him  and  the  base  of  hisop- 

••rations.  and  that  agreat  battle  was  inevitable  i,,  theneighborh 1  of  Gettys 

burg.  Both  armies  had  mustered  in  unexpected  strength  and  discipline,  and 
neither  could  afford  to  dispense  with  anj  of  its  forces.  Every  regiment  was 
called  in,  and  summon  to  the  expected  field  of  conflict.     Bui  there 

were  a  few  regiments  in  both  armies  near  the  river,  to  which  the  summons 
could  not  be  sent  in  time,  and  which,  therefore,  were  unaware  of  the  move- 
ments of  the  main  bodies.  Early  in  the  afternoon,  Gen.  W.  P.  (Baldy)  Smith, 
who  had  taken  command  in  this  valley,  reached  town.  There  were  then  under 
him.  two  Philadelphia  regiments,  one  militia  battery  from  the  same  city,  pai 
of  two  New  York  regiments,  and  a  company  of  regular  cavalrj  from  Carlisle 
Barracks.  \\  bile  he  was  selecting  a  suitable  place  for  his  artillery,  a  body  of 
rebel  troops  made  its  appearance  near  the  east  end  of  Main  Street,  at"the 
junction  of  the  Trindle  Springs  and  York  roads.     One  or  two  rebel  horsemen 

"J™  ""•■"l.N  '"  ,n nterof  the  town,  but  hastily  returned  to  fch,  lllUS 

who  sat  m  their  saddles  and  gazed  up  the  street  at  the  Onion  infantrj 
*°  :m""  Wi  ' --"l-.  and  the  companies  which  had  been  disbanded  dur- 

ing the  occupation  of  the  town  came  together,  and  with  other  citizen-  armed 
themselves  as  best  they  could,  and  formed  a  line  of  skirmishers  along  the  Le 
They  kept  up  a  desultory  fire  upon  the  advanced  portion  of  the  en- 
emy and  prevented  them  from  penetrating  our  lines.  Of  course  such  an  op- 
position  was  soon  driven  in  and  silenced;  but  for  a  while  it-  true  character 
could  not  be  known.  It  was  not  long  before  the  whizzing  and  explosions  of 
shells  ,n  the  air  over  and  within  the  town,  announced  that  a  formidable  en- 


122  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

emy  was  at  hand.  No  warning  of  this  had  been  given,  and  it  was  soon  accom- 
panied by  grape  and  canister,  raking  the  principal  streets  and  the  central 
square. 

"As  twilight  set  in,  a  flag  of  truce  was  forwarded  to  Gen.  Smith,  informing 
him  that  Gen.  Fitzhugh  Lee,  with  a  force  of  3,000  cavalry,  was  ready  for  an 
assault  and  demanded  an  immediate  and  unconditional  surrender.  The  offer 
was  promptly  declined,  and  was  followed  by  the  threat  that  the  shelling  of  the 
town  would  be  at  once  resumed.  'Shell  away!'  replied  Gen.  Smith;  and 
scarcely  had  the  bearer  of  the  flag  left,  before  a  much  fiercer  bombardment  com- 
menced. And  now  began  a  general  flight  of  the  inhabitants  into  the  country, 
into  cellars,  and  behind  anything  which  was  strong  enough  to  afford  hope  of 
protection.  A  stream  of  women  and  children  and  infirm  people  on  foot  was 
seen,  with  outcries  and  terrified  countenances  in  every  direction.  Some  of 
these  fell  down  breathless  or  seriously  injured  by  some  accident,  and  lay  in  the 
barns  or  by  the  fences  through  the  ensuing  night.  To  add  terror  to  the  scene, 
the  sky  was  lighted  up  by  the  flames  of  a  wood-yard  in  the  vicinity  of  the  rebel 
encampment,  and  about  10  o'clock  the  barracks  and  the  garrison  were  burned 
and  added  their  lurid  glare  to  the  brightness.  In  the  middle  of  the  night  there 
was  another  pause  in  the  firing,  and  another  call  for  a  surrender  was  made,  to 
which  a  rather  uncourteous  reply  was  made  by  Gen.  Smith,  and  the  shelling  pro- 
ceeded, but  with  diminished  power  and  frequency.  It  is  supposed  that  am- 
munition had  become  precious  in  the  hostile  camp. 

Gen.  Fitzhugh  Lee,  now  governor  of  Virginia,  in  a  letter  to  the  writer  un- 
der date  of  Mayb20,  1886,  says  of  the  attack  on  Carlisle:  "On  July  1,  1863, 
I  was  ordered  "to  attack  and  occupy  the  place,  by  Gen.  J.  E.  B.  Stuart,  com- 
manding cavalry  corps  of  the  Confederate  Army,  and  did  attack  it  on  my  arri- 
val late  that  evening— night  put  a  stop  to  the  fighting.  At  light  next  morning  I 
intended  to  renew  the  attack,  but  during  the  night  received  information  that  the 
two  contending  armies  were  concentrating  for  a  general  battle  at  Gettysburg, 
and,  in  pursuance  of  orders,  left  the  vicinity  of  Carlisle  before  daylight,  on  the 
2d  of  July,  marching  for  Gettysburg.  Carlisle  was  at  that  time  defended  by 
Gen.  William  Smith,  who  commanded,  I  believe,  the  Pennsylvania  Keserves; 
he  was  known  in  the  old  United  States  Army  as  '  Baldy  '  Smith.  " 

The  battle  of  Gettysburg  was  fought.  In  a  few  days,  demand  was  made 
by  the  authorities  for  medical  aid  to  be  sent  to  wait  upon  the  Union  and  rebel 
wounded  at  that  terrible  field  of  death  and  suffering.  The  claims  of  humanity 
prevailed,  and  Cumberland  County  responded  generously.  In  addition  to  the 
aid  sent  much  was  given  at  home;  for  the  maimed  soldiery  of  both  armies  had 
to  be  cared  for  in  the  adjoining  villages  and  cities.  The  college  chapel  and 
recitation  rooms  of  Dickinson  and  one  of  the  central  churches  were  converted 
into  regular  hospitals,  the  latter  being  thus  used  for  a  considerable  time. 

THE  SOLDIERS'    MONUMENT. 

Subsequent  to  the  close  of  the  war,  the  erection  of  a  suitable  monument 
to  pepetuate  the  memory  of  the  country's  fallen  heroes  was  agitated.  The  ef- 
fort to  do  justice  to  the  soldier  had  been  made  by  several  towns.  This  stim- 
ulated the  desire  to  have  a  common  monument  centrally  located.  In  lhbb  a 
meeting  of  citizens  was  called,  and  a  committee  appointed  to  formulate  a  feas- 
ible plan  for  securing  such  a  result.  Subscriptions  were  taken  and  it  was  de- 
cided that  the  shaft  should  be  located  on  the  Public  Square  in  Carlisle.  The 
dimensions  were,  height  thirty  feet;  base  to  stand  on  a  mound  four  feet  high, 
ten  and  one-half  feet  square.  The  base  was  to  be  of  Gettysburg  granite,  three 
feet  high  and  ten  feet  square,  surmounted  by  a  marble  pedestal  containing  tablets 


<???rzz. 


HISTORY  Of  OITlfBBRLAKD  mi  vn  125 

tothenames  of  fallen  heroes.     Tl,,  w,„-k  waa  done  b,  Richard  Owens    Baa 
of  Car ■  ,>l...  and  cost  aboul  S5.000.     The  ahaff  was  areoted   FeSuary  f  18 

and  w.th  the  ,r„n  fence  which  surrounds  U  is  a  pi* f  much   SSs    to  pe2 

oestrums,      rhe  inscription  ia  p 

[»     EoHOB    0]    TBI    SoLBUBS    OB    ( h  M  l,H;i  an,,   (  ', 
^  'I"  1'  i  II     IN    I'm  i  RBI  OB   Tin:    Union 
Dihin'o  the  Great  Rebellion. 
This  Monwm  ni  ia  erected  by  those  who  rev,  re  the  Patriotism 
andwtsh  to  perpetuate  the  Memory,  of  the  Brave  Men 
u-ho  aided  ,„  saving  the  Nation  and  securing  tin  Blessings  of  Liberty  to  all. 
The"  battle  wreath"  which  encircles  the  shaft  oontains  the  names  of  the 
WUowmg  ^g«g«menta:    Meehauicsville,  Drainsville,  Gainesvm£    w  Mar 
k"   (  ™"  '  ■"l  I!"11  R«*,  South  Mountain,  Betheada  Church  Spott 

ajjyama  -  Wihierness   Gettysburg,  Vicksburg.     Evidently  the  artS  musthave 
omitted  Ant.etam  and  probably  some  other  engagements 

NAMES    ok    FALLEN    HEROES. 
OFFIt  BBS. 

Cam'  w1^Ir' ?""n'  ''"'"l';",v  "■  Kir-<  Pennsylvania  Reserve  Volunteer  Cur,,. 

I    .     '  «'•       u-":,    '  (;""1,:'.">'  "•  Fi'-'  Pennsylvania  Reserve  Volunteer  Corns 

L  1  •    :     :  A0«Tfc?3o£SSv7  ?!,  "17"'","  PenT4^a  H—   ™ul 'Corps. 

t  v  '■'"',- -M."""I/-  Nn"1'  Pennsylvania  Cavalry.  ° 

L         \V  „  b   WnTVUy  1,:,Sv'""""l'  Pennsylyania  Cavalry. 
i.ieut.  \\m.  B.  Blaney,  Second  Iowa  Cavalry 
Sub  John  I\-.fjo"ver  siXI |,  Pennsylvania  Cavalry. 
Asst.  Eng.  William  E.  Law.  rjnited  States  Navy  ' 


FTKST  Pennsylvania  BB8EBVB  VOLUNTEER 


I  oMI'ANT    n. 


Prank  Hunt. 
Joseph  Ewing. 
Wm   Watson. 
John  Bheafer. 
John  Black. 
SamI     Baker. 
John  Clooser. 
V.  Morrison. 


David  Askew. 
Wm   Donnelley. 
Curtis  Qriffln. 
Q.  EaufEman. 

ti  own. 

Morion. 


COMPANY    I. 

John  Luak.  Frank  Wil 

Win.  Baxter.  Wm.  Dnnlap. 

John  Baker.  \v„,     - 

•'7  H:,Il,n,rf-  Chaa.  F.  Gould. 

John  Mai  uas.  Levi  Kennedy 

John  Bbuler. 

FIFTH    MNNSVI.VANIA  KBBKBVB  Vol  I  N1T  ,  B 
„ COMPANY   Q. 

O.  W.  Savaire. 


M     PENNSYLVANIA    RESERVE    \oi.in- 
TEKI!   CORPS 


COMPANY    A. 


Wm.  Gulp. 
Wm.  R.  Holmes. 
G.  W.  Brechbill. 
John  '  allio 
Pred  K    Rieffi 
Henry  T.  Green, 

R.  II.  Spottawood. 
1 "  o    I    Wililers. 
Jbj  on  Landis. 
John  T.  Cuddy. 

U.  Steele. 

irmier. 
J.  Harvej  Bby. 
Patrick  Brannon. 
Wm   B   - 
•I.  A.  Bchlosaer. 


Wm.  M.  Henderson. 
Geo.  AS    w  isi 

Wm.  A.  Low. 
John  T  Adama. 

Ed.  T.  Walker. 

I).   Haverstick. 
Wm.  Nevil. 
Baml.  E.  Smith. 
W  m.  Zimmerman. 
John  B.  Kenyon. 

Miller 
S.  HeffeUnger. 
Van  Buren  Eby. 
Wm.  ftfcCleaf  ' 
Leo  W    i 
Davkl  n.  Spahr. 


i  OMPANY   n 
Michael  J.   Fouelit. 


126 


HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 


COMPANY   H. 


Michael  Hess. 
Levi  A.  Bowen. 
Jac.  A.  Welty. 
Daniel  M.  Hoover. 
John  Lininger. 
John  Anthony. 
Jonas  Blosser. 
Frank  A.  Smith. 
Jos.  B.  Mooney. 
John  Devlin. 
G.  Beaverson. 


Isaiah  Siders. 
Saml.  S.  Gooms. 
Wm.  H.  Kline. 
J.  Richey  Clark. 
Saml.  Wesley. 
Thos.  J.  Acker. 
D.  W.  Conrad. 
Milton  Warner. 
Geo.  W.  Smith. 
Max.  Barshal. 
Benj.  Baker. 


ELEVENTH  PENNSYLVANIA  VOLUNTEERS. 
COMPANY    A. 

Moses  Boss.  Geo.  L.  Reighter. 

Thos.  Morgan.  J.  Christman. 

Wm.  Fielding.  James  Warden. 

Wilson  Vanard.  Thomas  Conway. 
John  Spong. 

FORTY-SIXTH    PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS. 
COMPANY    P. 

Thos.  Lyne. 

COMPANY  H. 

S.  Kriner. 

FORTY-NINTH  PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS. 
COMPANY  A. 

H.  Strough. 

FIFTY-FIFTH    PENNSYLVANIA    VOLUNTEERS. 
COMPANY    B. 


Jas.  Tyson. 


COMPANY  C. 


Wm.  H.  Vance. 

COMPANY    E. 

J.  C.  Filey.  Samuel  Bear. 

COMPANY  F. 

Geo.  Sanno.  Fred  Sanno. 

SEVENTY-EIGHTH      PENNSYLVANIA      VOLUN- 
TEERS. 

COMPANY  D. 

Geo.  Grove.  Geo.  H.  Coover. 

EIGHTY-FOURTH      PENNSYLVANIA     VOLUN- 
TEERS. 

COMPANY  C. 

Samuel  T.  Kunkle  Reuben  Line. 

Richard  Lilly.  Benj.  H.  Getz. 

John  Ritson.  Benj.  Hippie. 

Adam  Sheaffcr.  Thos.  Snoddy. 

EIGHTY-SEVENTH     PENNSYLVANIA      VOLUN- 
TEERS. 

COMPANY    E. 

Michael  Ritta.  Charles  Huber. 

E.  Beaverson.  Henry  Snyder. 

Thomas  Neely. 


NINETY-NINTH  PENNSYLVANIA  VOLUNTEERS. 
COMPANY  A. 

Wm.  H.  Chapman. 

ONE    HUNDRED    AND  FIRST     PENNSYLVANIA 
VOLUNTEERS. 


Levi  Kutz. 
Chris.  Rothe. 


ONE    HUNDRED  AND  SECOND   PENNSYLVANIA 

VOLUNTEERS. 


J.  Fahnestock. 


ONE  HUNDRED  AND  SEVENTH  PENNSYLVANIA 
VOLUNTEERS. 


P.  R.  Pislee. 

ONE  HUNDRED  AND  FIFTEENTH  PENNSYLVA- 
NIA VOLUNTEERS. 

COMPANY  a. 

J.  F.  McMath. 

ONE  HUNDRED  AND  TWENTY-SEVENTH  PENN- 
SYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 


E.  Crandle. 
Benj.  Hoover. 

ONE  HUNDRED  AND  THIRTIETH  PENNSYLVA- 
NIA VOLUNTEERS. 

COMPANY    A. 

P.  Faber.  Wm.  E.  Greason. 

Joseph  P.  Weaver.       A.  Bronswell. 
Geo.  W.  Green. 

COMPANY  D. 

N.  Lenhard.  W.  B.  Grabill. 

Henry  Miller.  Geo.  Brenizer. 

Joseph  Matthews.  Geo.  J.  McLean. 
M.  S.  Carbaugh. 

COMPANY  E. 

J.  W.  Crull.  Wm.  A.  McCune. 

Wm.  P.  Woods.  David  L.  Miller. 

Jesse  K.  Allen.  Wm.  Lockery. 

J.  A.  Stickler.  Jos.  Connery. 
Thad.  McKeehan. 

COMPANY  F. 

Geo.  White.  B.  Barshinger. 

P.  Y.  Kniseley.  John  Fetzer. 

Thos.  English.  Theo.  R.  Zinn. 

H.  F.  Lambert.  Keller  Bobb. 

COMPANY  G. 

J.  Barkley.  Jas.  Withrow. 

S.  McMaughton. 


BISTORr  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNT! 


L27 


I  i.MI-WY    II 


J.  n.  s. 

I).  15.  Kauffman. 


ONE  Ml  MiKl  li  AM)  forty  -rimm    I 

\  AM  V     Mil   I    M  I    I    ■ 


COMPANY     1 


J.  Beiser 


ONX  HUNDRED  AND  FORTJ    1  Kill  III   PBNKBYL- 
7ANIA    VOL1  VI  FEES. 


COMPANY    A. 


ONE  III   '  I  NTH   PENN8YL- 

\  AMA     (III  l    Mil   08 


I  ■  >M  I-  1\V      \. 


Levi  Hupp. 
Geo,  Elisor. 


ONI-  IltNIiKI  n    WD  Fir  I  \    BIQHTH  1TNNSYL- 
ya.MA    Mil. I  Nil 

COMPANY    A. 

H.  Oatman.  David  Barnhill. 

J.  Cunningham.  Jacob  Bricker. 

Abraham  Myers. 


nM      III    Mi  Kill     A  Nil    MM    I",     !  I  UK  I  II     I'l   \\- 
Bl  l.\  AMV     Mil   1    \  I 


COMPANY    II. 


h    Moon 


I'M     111    MH;l    11     WD    M\lil  V    1111  II   I 
7ANIA     Y.il.l    N  I  I    i 

COMPANY    F. 


Two    HUNDREDTH    PENNSYLVANIA     VOLCN- 


i  OMP  WY    B. 


George  Wolf. 
James  Exall, 
I).  Lenker. 
Michael  Smith. 


John  Askew. 
Lewie  1?.  Fink. 
Henry  Tost. 


COMPANY    I. 


Win.  97.  Beacy. 


TWO    HUNDRED    AND    FIRST   PENNSYLVANIA 

AOIA -N  i  i 


COMPANY    K. 


R.  C.  Moon 


COMPANY    C. 

John  S  Wm.  Wetzel. 

J.  a.  McNaskey. 

i  OHPAKY    P. 

Eli  Ford  D  A.  Ziegler. 

Zach.  Kuril  Andrew  Fiekes. 

Samuel  Mizell.  Joseph  Stine. 
Hugh  Campbell. 

ONX  HUNDRED    AND    ElilIITYFOURTH    PENN- 
SYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 


i  OMPANY    C. 


J.  C.  Grant. 


one  ncNDRF.n  AND  riniri  v-ii:vr.xTn  Penn- 
sylvania VOLUNTEERS. 

i  OKPARY    B. 

F.  Eschcnbaugh. 

COMPANY     D 

Samuel  I,nt/.  Theo.  K   Boyles. 

Joseph  A.  Shaw.  Hi  E.  Fani  b 

•  milker.  [Jriab 

David  Sheriff.  William  P.  Gensler. 

ONE    HUNDRED   AND    F.HiHTY F.IOHTII    PI'.NN- 
.MA    vol. UN  l 


COMPANY   I. 


William  Sipe. 
Joseph  Millard. 


TWO  HUNDRED  AND   SECOND   PENNSYLVANIA 
VOLUNTEERS. 


COMPANY  O. 


William  Webb. 
J.  Cockenauer. 
Joseph   ' 

I>.  1 1  i  ppensteel. 


Robert  Gracy. 
S.  J.  Cockenauer. 
Jesse  Bwartz. 


i  UMI'ANY    II. 


Alex.  Fagan. 

J.  Burkhart. 
J.  Fahnestock. 


B.  J.  Orris. 
Daniel  Stum. 

James  McGaw. 


TWO    HUNDRED     \  N  I  ■    NINTH    PENNSYLVANIA 

M.I   I    S 


T.  Hoerner. 

John  P.  Leib. 


i  OMPANY    \. 


.  OMP  VNY   F. 


es 

B.  Hoi!  i 

TWO    HI   N'DKF.I)     WD    TENTH    PENNSYLVANIA 

\  III. I   \ 


COMPANY   A. 


L,  Matchett. 


THIRD    PENNSYLVANIA    CAVALRY. 

i  UMI'ANY    li. 

A.  Bucher. 


128 


HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 


COMPANY  H. 

William  Myers.  William  Ewing. 

C.  A.  Holtzman.  Abdil  Trone.j 

Alex.  Koser.  Cul'n  Koser. 

Edward  Tarman.  C.  Vanderbilt. 

George  W.  Trout.  Z.  McLaughlin. 

Josh  "McCoy.  J-  Nicholson. 

Samuel  Golden.  Frank  Cramer. 
Henry  A.  Martin. 

company  M. 

James  Gilbert 

SEVENTH  PENNSYLVANIA  CAVALRY. 
COMPANY  K. 


Arch.  Mullen. 
Hiram  Gleaver. 


George  W.  Heck. 
J.  Livingston. 
John  Givler. 

EIGHTH  PENNSYLVANIA  CAVALRY. 
COMPANY  C. 

H.  Irvine. 


E.  Speece. 


COMPANY  E. 
COMPANY  H. 

Jacob  Agle. 


J.  Bishop. 
Jacob  Day. 

COMPANY  I. 

J  C  Creps  Joshua  Dunan. 

C.Liszman.  Wm.  Bricker. 

Robt.  T.  Laughlin.  Jos.  A.  shannon. 

Henry  Shriver.  Chris.  Felsinger 

L.  Keefauver.  ^amuelA  Welsh. 

S.  McCullough.  g°bt  T.  Kelley. 

H.  L.  Sennet.  David  Woods. 
Elijah  Bittinger. 

COMPANY  K. 

S.  Bowman. 

ELEVENTH  PENNSYLVANIA  CAVALRY. 
COMPANY  K. 

A.  Y.  Kniseley. 

THIRTEENTH  PENNSYLVANIA  CAVALRY. 
COMPANY  F. 

Joseph  Rudy.  Geo  W.Graham. 

Anson  Smith.  D.  *  •  £oerner. 

D  W.  McKenny.  Wm.  H  Miller. 

Jas.  A.  Kelso.  Beni.  D.  Hehn. 

Tohn  Snvder.  P.  Huntsherger. 

JohnFGettys.  J.  F.  Eigenower. 

Wm.  D.  Kauffman.  Geo.  Forney. 
Jas.  Y.  Stuart. 

COMPANY  H. 

Jacob  Myers. 
C.  W.  Nailor. 

FIFTEENTH  PENNSYLVANIA  CAVALRY. 
COMPANY  H. 

J.  W.  Buttorf. 


COMPANY  L. 


SEVENTEENTH  PENNSYLVANIA  CAVALRY. 
COMPANY  B. 

J.  Conley. 

COMPANY  F. 

David  Kutz.  J-  W.  Kauffman. 

?hosdSpeece.  Geo  W  McGaw. 

M    F.  Shoemaker.  E.  Stouffer 

AbnerW   Zug.  Geo.  W.  Whitmore. 

SCWeaklinl  Wilson  Beavers 

Wm  H.  Weaver.  Lewis  Ringwalt. 

D   E.  Hollinger.  Eman.  Smith. 

Solomon  Sow.  Robt   Kelley. 

John  G.  Burget.  David  Car  e. 

Samuel  Deardorf.  C.  Evilhock. 
A.  Herschberger. 

NINETEENTH  PENNSYLVANIA  CAVALRY. 
COMPANY  A. 


Samuel  Grier. 


COMPANY  C. 


W.  F.  Miller. 

TWENTIETH  PENNSYLVANIA  CAVALRY. 
COMPANY  A. 

M.  A  Griffith.  JohnM.  Kunkle. 

F.  F.  Steese. 


COMPANY  B. 
COMPANY  D. 


J.  H.  Christ. 
Wm.  Sheeley. 

COMPANY  F. 

Wm.  Balsley.  Geo.  W.  Matthews. 

Andrew  Bear. 

TWENTY-SECOND  PENNSYLVANIA  CAVALRY. 
COMPANY  F. 

J.  Palm. 

COMPANY  M. 

W.  T.  Fanus. 

PENNSYLVANIA  ARTILLERY. 
FIRST  REGIMENT. 

Geo.  W.  Welsh.  J-  H.  Baughman. 

"R.  M.  Houston. 

SECOND  REGIMENT. 

Fred  Faber. 

THIRD  REGIMENT. 

Peter  Paul.  Wm.Hawkes. 

J   W.  Christ.  Wm.  H.  Albright. 

Samuel  Bortel. 

TENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 
COMPANY  C. 

A.  Webbert. 

SEVENTEENTH  PENNSYLTANIA  CAVALRY. 
COMPANY  F. 

W.  B.  Flinchbaugh. 


HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY.  129 

GRAND  ARMY  POSTS. 

One  of  the  permanent  organizations  resulting  from  the  late  war  is  that  of  the 
Grand  Army  of  the  Republic.  It  is  a  patriotic  institution,  whose  primary  ob- 
ject is  to  watoh  carefully  Sherighteand  privileges  of  those  who  imperilled  their 
lives  and  fortunes  in  behalf  of  their  country,  and  to  assure  the  widows  and 
orphans  of  such  fallen  comrades  that  they  shall  not  be  forgotten.  It  is  the 
organized  society  of  America  to  see  that  the  sacrifices  of  life  and  blood  and 
treasure  during  the  war  shall  not  have  been  made  in  vain.  Nearly  every  town 
of  importance  has  such  an  organization  named  in  honor  of  some  fallen  com- 
rade.     \\  e  give  the  list  in  Cumberland  County. 

Capt.  ColweU  Post,  No.  201,  at  Carlisle — This  post  was  organized  in  1881, 
its  charter  bearing  date  February  24  of  that  year.  Its  charter  members 
consisted  of  the  following  persons:  J.  T.  Zug,  Win.  E.  Miller,  Isaac  El- 
liott. Win.  Vance.  A.  C.  Ensminger,  John  S.  Humor,  J.  B.  Haverstick  John 
Albright,  P.  D.  Beckford,  Peter  Monger,  M.  A.  Hnfner,  John  G.  Bobb,  J.  L 
MaLoj,  .lame-.  Campbell,  D.  A.  Sawyer.  R.  P.  Henderson,  J.  P.  Brindle ' Smith 
McDonald,  H.  Linnehul.  H.  G.  Carr,  J.  G.  Vale  and  Wm.  Bottengenbach. 

The  original  corps  of  officers  embraced  W.  E.  Miller,  0. ;  J.  L  Meloy 
S.  V  ('. ;  1\  D.  Beckford,  J.  V.  C. ;  Jacob  T.  Zug,  Q.  M. ;  J.  B.  Haverstick, 
Adj. ;  J.  S.  Bender,  Surg. ;  Joseph  G.  Vale,  0.  D. ;  J.  P.  Brindle,  0.  G  •  a' 
C.  Ensminger,  S.  M. ;  John  S.  Humor,  Chaplain. 

The  present  corps  (1886)  consists  of  J.  P.  Brindle,  C. ;  Wm.  Lippert,  S.  V 
C;  H.  G.  Carr,  J.  V.  C. ;  Wm.  E.  Carnes,  Chaplain;  B.  K.  Goodyear  Adi  • 
Wm.  E.  Miller.  Q,  M. ;  J.  S.  Bender,  Surg. ;  Joseph  Lider,  0.  D. ;  Lazarus 
Minnich,  O.  G  ;  J.  M.  Goodyear.  Q.  M.  S. ;  D.  A.  Carbaugh,  S.  M.  The  post 
has  an  active  membership  of  105.  and  is  in  a  prosperous  condition. 

Capt.  James  S.  Colwell,  after  whom  the  post  was  named,  was  born  near 
Shippenslmre;.  p,.mi..  August  I'.),  1813.  His  education  in  elementary  subjects 
was  received  at  home  and  at  Chambersburg.  He  graduated  finally  from 
Princeton  College.  New  Jersey,  in  1839.  Returning  to  his  native  county  he 
read  law  in  the  office  of  Wm.  Biddle,  Esq.,  at  Carlisle,  where  he  practiced 
after  being  admitted  to  the  bar,  till  he  entered  the  Army.  He  was  mustered  as 
first  lieutenant  in  Seventh  Pennsylvania  Reserves  (Thirty-sixth  Pennsylvania 
Volunteers)  April  21.  1861,  and  as  captain  July  4,  1862#  He  engaged  in  the 
Peninsular  campaign  in  L862;  was  in  the  second  battle  of  Bull  Run  of  same 
year;  the  battle  of  South  Mountain  and  finally  in  the  battle  of  Antietam,  where 
he  was  killed,  September  17,  1S62,  by  the  explosion  of  a  shell  of  the  enemy 
He  was  a  brave  soldier,  a  worthy  citizen  and  a  faithful  husband  and  father 
His  widow  still  resides  in  Carlisle. 

There  is  also  a  colored  post  at  Carlisle,  having  a  small  membership,  concern- 
ing which,  however,  no  facts  could  be  obtained. 

-,oQC°1'  H>  L  Z'""'  P°'^  A°'  41'Jt  Mecuanicsburg,  was  organized  March  4 
1884,  by  Asst.  Adj. -Gen.  T.  J.  Stewart,  aided  by  Post  No.  58,  of  Harrisbur^' 
It  had  forty- four  charter  members.  Its  first  corps  of  officers  embraced  the  fol- 
lowing comrades:  Col.  Wm.  Penn  Lloyd,  Com'dr;  H.  S.  Mohler  SVC- 
A  C.  Koser,  J.  V.  C. ;  S.  B.  King,  Q.  M. ;  L.  F.  Zollinger,  Adj.;  F  K 
Plover.  Chap. ;  E.  N.  Mosser,  Q.  M.  S. ;  A.  Hauck,  O.  D. ;  A.  F.  Stahl,  O.  G. 
The  post  is  a  live  one,  and  has  a  membership  at  present  of  132,  and  com- 
mands the  confidence  of  the  public.  It  was  named  in  honor  of  Col  H  I 
Zmn,  who  was  born  in  Dover  Township,  York  Co.,  Penn.,  December  8  1834 
He  was  the  son  of  John  and  Anna  Mary  Zinn.  On  the  15th  of  September' 
18oo,  he  was  married,  by  the  Rev.  J.  C.  Bucher,  to  Miss  Mary  Ann  Clark  the 
ceremony  being  performed  at  Carlisle.      As  the  result  of  this  union  three  chil- 


130  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

dren  were  born,  viz. :  Elsie  Myra,  James  Henry  and  George  Arthur.  The 
first  two  died  in  1862,  of  measles  and  diphtheria,  respectively.  Col.  Zinn  was 
killed  December  13,  1862,  in  the  desperate  battle  of  Fredericksburg,  Va. 

Corp.  McLean  Post,  423,  at  Shippensburg,  was  organized  by  Capt.  Hav- 
erstick  April  7,  1884,  with  thirty-nine  charter  members.  In  its  first  corps 
of  officers  were  the  following  comrades:  M.  G.  Hale,  C. ;  Wm.  Baughman,  S. 
V.  C. ;  John  S.  Shugars,  J.  V.  C. ;  M.  S.  Taylor,  Adj. ;  J.  K.  C.  Mackey,  Q. 
M.  Since  its  organization  Wm.  Baughman  and  John  Shugars  have  also  held 
the  position  of  commander.  The  membership  has  increased  to  seventy  one, 
rendering  the  post  a  flourishing  one. 

George  Johnston  McLean,  whose  name  the  post  wears  and  reveres,  was 
born  at  Shippensburg  March  7,  1842.  He  was  a  member  of  Company  D, 
One  Hundred  and  Thirtieth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  was  wounded  in 
front  of  Marye's  Hill,  Fredericksburg,  Va.,  December  13,  1862.  From  this 
wound  he  died  nine  days  afterward  in  the  hospital  at  Washington,  D.  C.  He 
was  unmarried  at  the  time  of  his  death. 

Kennedy  Post,  490,  at  Mount  Holly  Springs,  was  organized  August  15, 
1885.  First  members  were  Henry  Wollet,  C.  A.  Burkholder,  Moses  Wag- 
goner, Philip  Harman,  Samuel  Sadler,  Silas  Tower,  N.  J.  Class,  Joseph  S. 
Early,  B.  F.  Wollet,  A.  Adams,  W.  H.  Brinn,  James  Cuddy,  David  A.  Corn- 
man,  John  Goodyear,  Augustus  Miller,  David  Taylor,  Joseph  Swords,  Christ 
Harmon,  Joseph  Wise,  David  Newman,  William  Kennedy,  William  Hummel- 
bough,  J.  N.  Allen,  John  Snyder,  J.  E.  Mandorf,  Alex  Noffsinger,  David 
Noggle,  A.  T.  Bichwine,  William  Bicker,  George  Slosser,  W.  M.  Still,  Philip 
Snyder,  Joseph  K.  Snyder,  Eli  B.  Tower,  John  Ward,  A.  J.  McGonnigal,  G. 
"W.  Kinter,  John  Kauffman,  William  H.  Hartz,  Jacob  Hoffert,  John  Bennett, 
Frank  Stoner,  A.  P.  Bichwine,  David  Withrow  and  George  Fair;  present 
membership,  sixty-eight.  First  officers  were  Henry  Wollet,  Commander;  C. 
A.  Burkholder,  S.  V.  C. ;  Moses  Wagner,  J.  V.  C. ;  Joseph  Early,  Adj. ;  Alec 
Adams,  Q,  M.  Present  officers  are  Bev.  J.  G.  Shannon,  Commander;  Samuel 
Sadler,  S.  V,  C. ;  A.  Miller,  J.  V.  C. ;  Phil.  Harman,  Q.  M. ;  William  Goodyear, 
Adjt.      The  society  meets  every  Saturday  night  in  the  hall  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 

Private  B.  F.  Eisenberger  Post,  at  New  Cumberland,  organized  in  the  early 
part  of  1885.  The  original  members  were  Henry  and  B.  H.  Eisenberger.  John 
Bobinson,  Henry  Drager,  Capt.  J.  W.  Fight,  A.  D.  Bepman,  Henry  Goriger, 
Frank  Mathias,  M.  K.  Brubaker,  Frank  Hager,  Sr.,  Frank  Hager,  Jr.,  Wash. 
Shipe  and  Harry  Free.  Officers:  John  Kirk,  Commander;  B.  F.  Hager, 
Secy. ;  Jesse  Oren,  Adjutant. 


CHAPTER  VII. 


Courts— County  Officials— Members  of  Congress,  Senators  and  Assembly- 
men. 

DURING  nearly  100  years  succeeding  the  settlement  of  Pennsylvania," 
says  a  writer  in  1879,  ' '  few  of  our  judges  understood  the  principles  of 
the  law,  or  knew  anything  about  its  practice  before  their  appointment.  Our 
county  courts  were  presided  over  by  the  justices  of  the  peace  of  the  respective 
counties,  all  of  whom  were  ex  officio  judges  of  the  courts  of  common  pleas  and 
quarter  sessions  of  the  peace,  any  three  of  whom  were  a  quorum  to  transact 


BI8T0R1  0*  CI  MBERLAND  001  M  I  131 

business.  At  the  same  time  the  provinoial  oonnoi]  and  the  high  court  of 
error-  and  appeals,  which  was  presided  over  bj  the  governor  of  the  province 
for  the  time  being,  very  frequentl]  had  not  a  lawyer  in  it.  And  yei  tin-  busi 
aeas  of  that  daj  was  done,  and  well  done,  too.  The  judges  were  generally 
selected  because  of  their  well  known  integrity  of  character,  extended  business 
experience  and  -omul  common  Bense,  and  bj  close  observation  and  long  ex 
perienoe  became  well  acquainted  with  the  duties  of  their  positions  and  ii  1 1 < ■<  1  to 
adjudicate  the  important  interests  committed  to  their  oharge.  Nor  was  the  bar 
inferior.  Gentlemen,  eminent  Eor  their  legal  abilities  and  oratorical  powers, 
practiced  before  them,  and  bj  the  gravity  of  their  demeanor  and  respectful 
behavior  ahed  lustre  upon  the  proceedings  and  gave  weight  and  influence  to 
the  decision-  rend  i    regard  was  had  Eor  the  dignitj  of  the  court, 

and  great  reverence  felt   for  form--  and  ceremonies;   and  woe  to  the  unlucky 

wight  who  was  caught  in  a  'contempt,'  or  convicted  of  speaking  disres] t 

fulU  of  the  magistrate  or  of  his  sovereign  lord — the  king." 

The  usual  form  of  record  at  the  opening  of  court  may  In •  seen  in  the  fol 
lowing: 

At  i  Oonrl  "i  Common  pleaa  held  at  Carlisle,  for  Cumberland  County,  the  Twenty- 
third  day  of  July,  in  the  fifth  yearof  the  Reign  ol  our  Sovi  reign  Lord,  <  leorge  the  Third,  by 
the  Grace  of  God  ol  Great  Britain  Prance  and  Ireland,  Bang,  Defender  of  the  Faith,  &c., 
ami  in  the  Year  of  our  Lord  t Thousand  Seven  hundred  s  Bixty-flve,  before  John  Ann- 
strong.  Esq.,  and  his  Associate  Justices,  &c.,  of  the  Same  Court 

A-  a  matter  of  necessity  the  first  courts  in  Cumberland  Count)  were  held  at 
Shippensburg,  it  being  then  the  only  town  in  the  valley  (1750)  and  therefore 
the  only  place  which  could  accomodate  those  who  gathered  at  court.  By  a 
commission  dated  March  It'.  1750,  the  following  persons  were  appointed  jus 
tices  of  the  peace  and  of  common  pleas  in  <  lumberland  Count]  :  Samuel  Smith, 
of  Carlisle:  William  Maxwell,  of  Peters;  George  Croghan,  of  Bast  Penns 
borough;  Robert  Dunning,  of  Wesl  Pennsborough;  Matthew  Dill  and  Benj. 
Chambers,  of  Antrim;  Win.  Trent,  of  Middleton;  \\  m.  Allison,  of  Antrim; 
Hermanus  Alricks,  of  Carlisle;  John  Miller,  of  West  Pennsborough;  Robert 
Chambers,  of  Hopewell;  John  Finley,  of  Lurgan;  and  Thomas  A\  ilson,  of 
Middleton.  Samuel  Smith  was  president  of  the  court.  He  had  previously 
been  a  member  of  the  Assembly,  sheriff  and  justice  of  the  peace  in  Lancaster 
Count  v.     He  was  succeeded  by  Francis  W  est  in  L797. 

The  date  of  the  first  court  held  at  Shippensburg  was  "the  twenty- fourth 

day  of  July,  in  the  twentieth  j  ear  of  the  reign  of  his  Majesty  King  <  ret  irge  the 

I    Annoque  Domini  L750."     The  last  at  that   place  was  held  in  April, 

l~."il.      John    Potter,   who  hail   come  to  America    in    1711    and    settled  "in   the 

neighbor! 1  of  Shippen's  farm."'  now  Shippensburg,   as  early  as   17  Id  or 

earlier,  had  been  appointed  sheriff, *  and  on  the  original  organization  of  the 
county  returned  the  writ  of  venire  which  had  been  directed  to  him  with  the 
panel  annexed,  and  the  following  persons  were  sworn  as  grand  jurors:  Win. 
Magaw,  John  Pott.-r.  John  Mitchell.  John  Davison,  EzeMel  Dunning,  John 
Holliday.  James  Lindley.  Adam  Hoops.  John  Forsyth.  Thomas  Brown,  George 
Brown,  John  Reynolds,    Robert    Harris.  Thos.  brie.  Charles    Murray,   James 

Brown  and  Robert  Meek.     The  record  of  this  first   session  of  th >urt  shows 

also  that  "  Hi  rmanus  Alricks.  Esq.,  produced  to  the  court  a  commission  tinder 
the  hand  of  the  Hon.  -lame--  Hamilton.  Esq.,  governor,  and  the  great  seal  of 
die  province,  appointing  him  clerk  of  the  peace  of  the  count]  of  Cumberland, 
and  the  same  was  read  and  allowed  and  ordered  to  be  recorded."     The  beaut  i- 

•Mr.  rotter  was  twice  sheriff,  his  commissions  bearing  date  October  6, 1760,  and  October,  17r,4. 
Jame-.  was  a  lieutenant   in  tbe  militia,  anil  a  eapl  B  lUannlBg,    expired   In    ' 

removed   to  what  Is  now  Centre  County  in  1"T_,  ami  became  distinguished  both  in  military  and  civil  circles. 


132  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

ful  penmanship  of  Mr.  Alricks  is  as  plain  to-day  on  the  old  records  as  it  was 
when  written. 

The  first  court  of  common  pleas  and  the  criminal  courts  were,  by  order  of 
the  Governor,  first  held  at  Carlisle,  July  23,  1751,  and  under  the  above  named 
justices,  and  were  held  at  that  place  regularly  afterward.  ' '  The  orphans' 
court,  however,  for  four  or  five  years  remained  unfixed  to  any  one  place,  and  is 
said  to  have  followed  the  persons  of  the  j  udges. "  The  justices  were  intended  to  be 
appointed  at  least  one  from  each  township,  and  out  of  the  number  some  one 
was  commissioned  to  act  as  president. 

On  account  of  some  existing  vacancies  in  the  county,  the  Governor,  in  Octo- 
ber, 1764,  appointed  a  new  board  of  justices,  consisting  of  John  Armstrong, 
James  Galbreath,  John  Byers,  Wm.  Smith  (superseded  January  15,  1766,  for 
participation  in  the  affair  at  Fort  Loudon),  John  McKnight,  James  Carothers, 
Hermanus  Alricks,  Adam  Hoop,  Francis  Campbell,  John  Reynolds,  Jonathan 
Hoge,  Robt.  Miller,  Wm.  Lyon,  Robt.  Callender,  Andrew  Calhoun,  James 
Maxwell,  Samuel  Perry,  John  Holmes  and  John  Allison.  These  were  reap- 
pointed in  1769,  together  with  some  others  outside  the  present  limits  of  the 
county,  except,  perhaps,  John  Agnew  and  Turbutt  Francis.  John  Holmes  was 
appointed  sheriff,  and  James  Jack,  coroner,  in  1765,  and  in  October,  1768, 
David  Hoge  was  appointed  sheriff,  and  William  Denny,  coroner  (these  appoint- 
ments made  by  the  Governor  upon  returns  of  election  to  him). 

August  16,  1765,  at  a  court  of  oyer  and  terminer,  before  Alex.  Steadman, 
of  the  supreme  court,  and  John  Armstrong  and  James  Galbreath,  Esqs., 
John  Money  was  tried  and  convicted  of  felony  and  the  murder  of  Archibald 
Gray  in  March  previous,  and  was  not  long  after  executed  for  his  crime.  One 
Warner  was  very  early  tried  and  executed  for  the  robbery  and  murder  of  a 
man  named  Musselman,  near  New  Kingston.  The  courts  of  the  county  have 
been  called  upon  to  try  a  number  of  murder  cases,  and  several  legal  executions 
for  murder  have  occurred  in  the  county.  A  case  in  the  first  court  held  at 
Shvppensburg  was  recorded  as  follows: 

Dominus  Hex    j      Sur  Indictmt.  for  Larceny,  not  guilty  &  now  ye  deft  ret  her  pi  and 
vs.  >■  submits  to  ye  Ct.  and  thereupon  it  is  considered  by  the  Court  and 

Bridget  Hagen.  )  adjudged  that  ye  sd  Bridget  Hagen  restore  the  sum  of  Six  pounds 
seventeen  shillings  &  six  pence  lawful  money  of  Penna.  unto  Jacob  Long  ye  owner  and 
make  fine  to  ye  Governor  in  ye  like  sum  and  pay  ye  costs  of  prosecution  &  receive  fifteen 
lashes  on  her  bare  back  at  ye  Public  Whipping  prist  &  stand  committed  till  ye  fine  &  fees 
are  paid. 

The  whipping  post  was,  with  the  stocks  and  pillory,  on  the  square  near  the 
court  house.  Generally  in  the  sentence  where  a  culprit  was  to  receive  lashes 
they  were  to  be  ' '  well  laid  on, "  as  in  the  case  of  Wm.  Anderson,  convicted  of 
felony  at  the  January  term  in  1751.  Whipping  was  the  ordinary  mode  of 
punishment,  and  probably  the  executioner  used  his  lash  with  telling  effect. 

In  the  court  of  quarter  sessions  for  July,  1753,  sixteen  bills  were  presented 
to  the  grand  jury  against  a  number  of  persons  ' '  for  conveying  spurious  liquor 
to  the  .Indians  out  of  the  inhabited  portion  of  this  province."  The  jury 
ignored  most  of  them.  As  a  writer  says:  "To  the  noble  red  man  civilization 
had  already  become  a  failure. ' ' 

Cases  of  imprisonment  for  debt  occupied  the  time  and  attention  of  the 
early  courts  and  lawyers,  as  page  after  page  of  the  common  pleas  record  testi- 
fies.     Entries  like  the  following  are  by  no  means  uncommon: 

Upon  reading  the  petition  of  A.  B.,  a  prisoner  under  execution  in  the  public  gaol  of 
this  county,  to  the  court,  it  is  therefore  ordered  by  the  Court  that  the  petitioner  notify 

his  creditors  to  appear  the day  of  next,  and  now  (same  date)  the  Court  order  the 

above  petitioner  to  be  brought  into  court;  and  now,  being  brought  into  court,  the  Court 
do  thereupon  remand  him,  the  said  A.  B.,  to  the  public  gaol. 

By  the  Court. 


BISTORT.  OF  CUMBERLAND  CO0NTY.  185 

Sometimes  it  waa  bo  arranged  thai  the  prisoner  was  discharged,  01 

aionally  Bold  OT  bonnd  to  Bom le  to  work  out  the  amouni  of  his  indebted 

in--,  the  person  baring  advanced  the  same  t<>  the  creditors. 

n   oFFia  lls. 

Clerks   of    Qua  ■  L789,    Samuel    Postlethwaite;    L794,    John 

I  .      .    L798,  I      i    Haller;   1809,  CJharles  Bovard. 

Clerks  Orphans'  Court,  Registers  of  Wills  and  Recorders  of  Deeds, — John 
Oreigh,  appointed  April  7.  1777:  resigned  February   9,    1779,   and  succeeded 

February   13,  bj  William  Lyon,  who  was  also  appointed  to  r ive  subscriptions 

tor  the  State  loan.  Mr.  Lyon  was  also  in  L777-79  Clerk  of  oyer  and  terminer, 
and  prothom 

Clerks  <h-j>/,a,is'  Courts,  Oyer  and  Terminer,  <tn<i  Prothonotaries.  —  L798, 
William  Lyon;   1809,  William  Ramsey;   L816,  Robert  McCoy. 

Prothonotaries.  17-"><>  7".  Eermanns  Alricks,  Turbutt  Francis,  John 
Agnew;  1777,  We  Lyon;  L820,  B.  Lughinbaugh;  1823,  John  P.  Helfenstein; 
1826,  1!.  McCoy;  1828,  Willis  Fonlke;  1829,  John  Harper;  ls:;.\  ( ;,,„-,■ 
Fleming:  1839,  George  Sanderson;  1842,  Thomas  11.  Oriswellj  L845,  William 
M  Beetem;  ls|s.  James  F.  Lamberton;  1851,  c  1.-. n j_c»<  Zinn,  Jr.;  L854, 
Daniel  K.  Noell;  ls:>7.  Philip  Quigley;  I860,  Benjamin  Duke;  1863,  Samuel 
Shireman;  1886,  John  P.  Brindle  1869,  Wm  V.  Cavanaugh;  IS7'2,  David 
W.  Worst;  1^ ."•.  John  M.  Walla.-.;   ls7s.  Robert  M.   Graham;  1881,  James 

A.  Sibbet;    lss;,  l.ewi- Masonheituer. 

Begistera  and  Recorders. — 1798,  George  Kline;  1804,  Francis  Gibson;  1809, 
Kline;  1816,  William  Line:  1820,  F.  Sharretts:  1823-28,  J.  Hendell ; 
1829,  John  Irvine. 

/■'',/  14,  James  G.  Oliver;  1835, Wm.  Line;  1839,  Isaac  Ang- 

ney;  1842,  Jacob  Bretz;  L845,  James  McCulloch;  is|s,  Wm.  Gould;  1851,  A 
aler;  1854,  Wm.  Lytle;  1857,  Samuel  M.  Emminger;  I860,  Ernest  N. 
Brady;  1863,  George  W.  North;  1866,  Jacob Dorsheimer;  1869,  Joseph Neely; 
l^.'J.  John  Reep;  1875,  Martin  Guswiler;  1878,  J.  M.  Drawbangh;  1881,  C. 
Jaooby;   1884,   Lemuel  R.  Spong. 

Coroners.  -1765-67,  James  Jack:  1768-70,  William  Denny;  1771-73, 
Samuel  Laird;  1774-76,  James  Pollock;  1777.  John  Martin;  177s.  William 
Rippey;   1779,  William  Holmes  1781, William  Rippey;   17s:;.  John  Kea. 

Clerks  of  Court.  -1820,  John  McGinnis :  Wl:\  •_'•';.  John  Irvine:  lsi's.  \\ 
Sharrett-:    1829,  1.'.  Angney. 

Clerks  and  Recorders.  1832,  Reinneck  Angney;  1834,  John  Irvine;  1836, 
Thos.    Craighead;     L839.    Willis   Fonlke;    L842,    Robt.    Wilson;   L845,    John 

(i lyear;   1848,  John  Hyer;   1851,  Samuel  Martin;   1854,    John  M.    Gregg; 

1857,  Daniel  s.  Cr.»ft:  1860,  John  B.  Floyd ;  1863,  Ephraim  Cornman;  1868, 
Samuel  Bixler;  1869,  George  C.  Sheaffer;   ls7'_'.    George  S.    Emig;   ls7.".,  D. 

B.  Stevick:   1878,  John  Sheaffer;   L881,  D.  B.  Saiton;   1884,  John  Zinn. 
Sheriffs.-   1  ,  in.  John  Potter;  1  750,  Ezekiel  Dunning;   1756,  Wm.  Parker; 

1759,  Ezekiel  Smith:  1762,  Ezekiel  Dunning;  L765,  John  Holmes;  L768, 
David  Hoge;  1771,  Ephraim  Blaine;  1771.  Robt.  Semple;  1777.  James 
Johnson;  L780,  John  Hoge;  L783,  Sam']  Postlethwaite;  1786,  Ohas.  L 
1789,  Thos.  Buchanan;  1792,  Jam.--  Wallace;  I  ','-,'<.  Jacob  Crever;  17'.ts, 
John  Carothers;  1801,  Robt  Greyson;  lsut.  George  Stroup;  1807,  John 
Carothers;  1810,  John  Boden;  1813,  John  Rupley;  1816,  Andrew  Mitchell; 
1819,  Peter  Ritney;  ls-_>-_>.  James  Neal;  1825,  John  Clippinger;  ls-js.  .Martin 
Dnnlap;  1831, George  Beetem;  1834,  Michael  Holcomb;  ls;;7.  John  Myers;  ism. 
Paul  Martin:  1843,  Adam  Longsdorf:  1N46,  James  Hotter:  1849,   David  Smith; 


136  HISTORY   OF  CUMBERLAND   COUNTY. 

1852,  Joseph  McDarmond;  1855,  Jacob  Bowman;  1858,  Robert  McCartney; 
1861,  J.  Thompson  Rippey;  1864,  John  Jacobs;  1867,  Joseph  C.  Thompson; 
1870,  James  K  Foreman;  1873,  Joseph  Totten;  1876,  David  H.  Gill;  1879, 
A.  A.  Thomson;  1882,  George  B.  Eyster;  1885,  James  B.  Dixon. 

Treasurers. — 1787,  Stephen  Duncan;  1789,  Alex  McKeehan;  1795,  Robt. 
Miller;  1800,  James  Duncan;  1805,  Hugh  Boden;  1807,  John  Boden;  1810, 
Robert  McCoy;  1813,  John  McGinnis;  1815,  Andrew  Boden;  1817,  George 
McFeely;  1820,  Jas.  Thompson;  1824,  Geo.  McFeely;  1826,  Alex.  Nesbitt; 
1829,  Hendricks  Weise;  1832,  John  Phillips;  1835,  Jason  W.Eby;  1838,  Wm. 
S.  Ramsey;  1839,  Robt.  Snodgrass;  1841,  Wm.  M.  Mateer;  1843,  Robt.  Moore, 
Jr. ;  1845,  David  N.  Mahon;  1847,  Robt.  Moore,  Jr. ;  1849,  Wm.  M.  Porter; 
1851,  William  S.   Cobean;  1853,  N.   Wilson  Woods;  1855,  Adam  Senseman; 

1857,  Moses  Bricker;  1859,  Alfred  L.  Sponsler;  1861,  John  Gutshall;  1863, 
Henry  S.  Ritter;  1865,  Levi  Zeigler;  1867,  Christian  Mellinger;  1869,  George 
Wetzel;  1871,  George  Bobb:  1873,  Levan  H.  Orris;  1875,  A.  Agnew  Thom- 
son; 1878,  JohnC.  Eckels;  1881,  W.  H.  Longsdorff;  1884,  Jacob  Hemminger. 

District  Attorneijs.—18oQ,  Wm.  H.  Miller;  1853  and  1858,  Wm.  J.  Sbearer; 
1859  and  1864,  J.  W.  D.  Gillelen;  1865  and  1870,  C.  E.  Maglaughlin;  1871, 
W.  F.  Sadler;  1874,  F.  E.  Beltzhoover;  1877,  George  S.  Ewing;  1880,  John 
M.  Wetzel;  1883,  John  T.  Stuart. 

County  Commissioners.— 1839,  Alex.  M.  Kerr;  1840,  Michael  Mishler;  1841, 
Jacob  Rehrar;  1842,  Robt.  Laird;  1843,  Christian  Titzel;  1844,  Jefferson 
Worthington;  1845,  David  Sterrett;  1846,  Daniel  Coble;  1847,  John  Mell; 
1848,  James  Kelso;  1849,  John  Sprout;  1850,  Wm.  H.  Trout;  1851,  James 
G.  Cressler;  1852,  John  Bobb;  1853,  James  Armstrong;  1854,  George  M.  Gra- 
ham; 1855,  Wm.  M.  Henderson;  1856,  Andrew  Kerr;  1857,   Sam'l  Magaw; 

1858,  Nath'l  H.  Eckels;  1859,  James  H.  Waggoner;  1860,  George  Miller; 
1861,  Michael  Kast;  1862,  George  Scobey;  1863,  John  McCoy,  three  years; 
Mitchell  McClellan,  two  years;  1864,  Henry  Karns,  John  HatTis;  1S65,  Alex. 
F.  Meek;  1866,  Michael  G.  Hale;  1867,  Allen  Floyd;  1869,  Jacob  Rhoads; 
1870,  David  Deitz;  1871.  J.  C.  Sample;  1872,  Samuel  Ernst;  1873,  Jacob 
Barber;  1874,  Joseph  Bautz;  1875,  Jacob  Barber;  1878,  Jacob  Barber,  Hugh 
Boyd;  1881,  Hugh  Boyd,  Alfred  B.  Strock;  1884,  James  B.  Brown,  George 
Hauck. 

President  Judges. — 1750-57,  Samuel  Smith;  1757,  Francis  West;  1791, 
Thos.  Smith;  1794,  Jas.  Riddle;  1800,  John  Joseph  Henry;  1806,  James 
Hamilton;  1819,  Chas.  Smith;  1820,  John  Beed;  1838,  Sam'l  Hepburn;  1848, 
Fred'k  Watts;  1851,  James  H.  Graham;  1871,  Benj.  F.  Junkin;  1875,  Mar- 
tin C.  Herman;  1884,  Wilbur  F.  Sadler. 

Associate  Judges. — 1791,  James  Dunlap,  John  Jordan,  Jonathan  Hoge, 
Sam'l  Laird;  1794,  John  Montgomery;  1800,  Wm.  Moore,  JohnCreigh;  1813, 
Ephraim  Steel;  1814,  Jacob  Hendel;  1818,  Isaiah  Graham:  1819,  James  Arm- 
strong; 1828,  Wm.  Line;  1835,  James  Stewart,  John  LeFevre;  1842,  T.  C. 
Miller;  1847,  John  Clendenin;  1851,  Sam'l  Woodburn,  John  Rupp;  1856, 
Sam'l  Woodburn,  Michael  Cochlin;  1861,  Robt.  Bryson;  1862,  Hugh  Stuart; 
1866,  Thos.  P.  Blair;  1871,  John  Clendenin,  Robt.  Montgomery;  1872,  Hen- 
ry G.  Moser,  Abram  Witmer. 

MEMBERS    OF    CONGRESS,     SENATORS    AND    ASSEMBLYMEN. 

Representatives  in  Congress. — 1775-77,  Col.  James  Wilson;  1778-80,  Gen. 
John  Armstrong;  1783  (to  July  4),  John  Montgomerv;  1797-1805,  John  A. 
Hanna;  1805-13,  Robt.  Whitehill;  1813-14,  Wm.  Crawford;  1815-21,  Wm. 
P.   Maclay;  1827-33,  Wm.   Ramsey;  1833  (unexpired  term),  C.  T.  H.  Craw- 


HISTORY  OF  CUMBEKLA.N1>  CO  I  \n  .  |::T 

ford;  L885  37,  Jesse  Miller;  L888  H),  Wm,  Sterretl  Ramsey;  L841-  18,  Amos 
Gustine;  1843  I,.  James  Blaok;  1847  19,  Jasper  E.  Brady;  L849  53,  J.  X. 
ahan;  L853  55,  W  m.  H.  Kurtz;  L855  57,  Lemuel  Todd;  1857  59, 
John  A.  Alii:  L859  61,  Benj.  P.  Junkin;  L861  65,  Joseph  Bailey;  L865  <'.'•'' 
Adam  J.  Gloasbrenner;  L869  78,  Riohard  J.  Haldeman;  L873  75,  John  L 
I  Todd  at  large;  L875  7'.'.  Levi  Maiah;  L879  81,  Frank  E. 
Beltahoover;  L888,  W.  A  Duncan  (died  in  office,  and  Dr.  John  A.  Swo 
Gettysburg,  elected  to  fill  vaoancj  December  23,  L884;  also  re-elected  in  No- 
vember, 1885). 

8taU  Senators.-  1841-43,  J.    X     McLanahan;   1844    UJ,  Wm.   B.  Ander- 
Bon;    L847    19,   Robi   C.    Sterrett;    L850  52,   Joseph    Baily;     is.".::  55, 
Wherry;   1856  58,  Eenrj  Fetter;   l^.'.'.'  61,  Wm.  B.  Erwine;    L862  64,  George 
H.  Buohex;   1865  67,  A.  Heistand  Glatz;   1868  To.  Andrew  G.  Miller;    L871- 
,  I.  James  M.  Weakley;  1875  78,  .1  ames  Chestnut ;  1878,  Isaac  Hereter;  1882, 
Bamuel  0.  Wagner. 

Representatives  in  Assembly.  — 1779  80,  Abraham  Smith,  Sam'l  Cuthbert- 
Bon,  Fredk.  Watts,  Jona.  Hoge,  John  Harris,  Wm.  McDowell,  Ephraim  Steel; 
L780-81,  S.  Cuthbertson,  Stephen  Duncan.  Wm.  Brown,  J.  Hoge,  John  An- 
drew, John  Harris.  John  Allison ;  L781  82,  James  McLean,  John  Allison,  Jas. 
Johnston,  Wm.  Brown,  Robi  Magaw,  John  Montgomery,  Stephen  Duncan: 
L782  B3,  s.  Duncan,  John  Carothers,  J.  Johnston,  Wm.  Brown,  Jas.  McLene, 
J.  Hoge,  Patrick  Maxwell;  1783  84,  Win.  Brown,  of  Carlisle.  F.  Watts,  Jas. 
Johnston,  John  Carothers.  Abraham  Smith.  Win.  Brown,  Robt.  Whitehill; 
L81  l.  Jacob  Alter.  Samuel  Fenton.  Jas.  Lowry,  Andrew  Boden  and  Wm.  An- 
derson;  1815,  Philip  Peffer,  Wm.  Wallace  and  Solomon  Gorgas:  1824,  James 
Dunlap;  1829,  Wm.  Alexander.  Peter  Lobach;  1833,  Michael  Cochlin,  Sam'l 
McKeehan;   L834,    David  Emmert;   1835,  William  Runsha  (died  suddenly  in 

office),  ('has.   MoClure;   1836-38,    Wm.    R.  Gorgas,    .las.    \\ Iburn;    L840, 

Abraham  Smith  McKinney,  John  Zimmerman;  1841,  Wm.  Barr,  Joseph  Cul- 
ver; 1842,  James  Kennedy,  Geo.  Brindle;  L843,  Francis  Eckels;  1843  II. 
Jacob  Hack;  1844,  Geo.  Brindle;  L845,  Augustus  H.  Van  Hoff,  Joseph  M. 
L846,  James  Mackey,  Armstrong  Noble;  1847,  Jacob  LeFevre;  1847  18, 
Abraham  Lamberton;  1848,  Geo.  Rupley;  1849  50,  Henry  Church,  Thos.  E. 
Scouller;  1851,  Elba  J.  Bonham;  1851-52,  Robt.  M.  Henderson;  1852-53^ 
David  J.  McKee;  1853,  Henry  J.  Moser;  L854,  Montgomery  Donaldson,  Geo. 
swell;  is."..",  .".!',,  William  Harper,  .lam.-  Anderson;  1857,  ('has.  C. 
Brandt;  1857-58,  Hugh  Stuart;  1858-59,  John  McCurdy;  L859,  John  Power; 
I860,  Wm  B.  Irvine,  Wm.  Louther;  1861.  ■!.--.. •  Kennedv;  1st  11 -62,  John  P.' 
Bhoads;  L863  64,  JohnD.  Bowman;  1st',.",  c,c,.  Philip  Long;  1867-08,  Theo- 
dore Cornman:  1869  70,  John  P..  Leidig;  1871  72,  Jacob  Bomberger;  L873 
74.  Wm.  B.  Butler;  L874  7."..  G  .M.  Mumper;  1876  77.  Sam'l  W.  Means; 
1877-78,  Samuel  A.  Bowers;  lsTs  so,  Alfred  M  Rhoads,  Robt,  M.  Co 
Jr.;  1882,  Geo.  M.  D.  Eckels,  John  Graham. 

Representatives  in   Sup  1        %tive  Council.      March  I.  1777.  Jonathan 

Hoge;  Xovmber  9,  177s  (from  what  is  now  Franklin  County),  Jami 
Lean;  December  28,  1779,    Robert  Whitehill.  of  Fast  Pennsborough;    L781 
s I.  John  Bj era 

In  the  committ .f  safety  John  Montgomery   was   representative   from 

Cumberland  County  during  the  life  of  the  committee.      William  Lyon   was   a 
member  of  the  Council  of  Safety  until  its  close.  December  4,   1777. 

Commiaawi  embly,  etc.     Prom  November,  1777.  and  later.  Will- 

iam Duflield,  James  .McLean.   William  (lark.  James  Brown,  Robert  Whitehill, 
John  Harris.     In  1 1  i  i  John  Andrew  was  commissioner  of  the  county,  while 


138  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

James  Lyon,  William  McClure,  William  Finley,  James  McKee,  James  Laird 
and  George  Kobinson  were  assessors.  William  Piper  was  collector  of  excise 
in  1778,  and  Matthew  Henderson  in  1779,  William  Irvine  in  1781,  and  John 
Buchanan  in  1782.  James  Poe  became  commissioner  of  taxes  October  22, 
1783,  and  Stephen  Duncan  county  treasurer.  J.  Agnew  was  at  the  same  time 
clerk  of  the  quarter  sessions,  over  which  court  John  Rannells,  Esq. ,  presided 
for  some  time  subsequent  to  January  20,  1778,  on  which  date  the  ' '  Grand  In- 
quest for  the  Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania  and  the  body  of  the  County  of 
Cumberland"  presented  the  following:  "That  the  public  Court  House  of  the 
County  of  Cumberland  is  now  occupied  by  Capt.  Coran  and  his  men,  who  are 
employed  in  the  service  of  the  "United  States,  as  a  laboratory  and  store- 
house, and  has  been  occupied  by  the  people  in  the  service  of  the  United  States 
for  a  considerable  time  past,  so  that  the  County  of  Cumberland  can  not  have 
the  use  of  the  said  Court  House,  but  are  obliged  to  hire  other  places  for  the 
county's  use — they  are  of  opinion  that  the  United  States  ought  to  pay  to  the 
treasurer  of  the  County  of  Cumberland,  after  the  rate  of  £10  per  month, 
monthly  and  every  month  Capt.  Coran  hath  been  possessed  of  said  Court  House, 
and  for  every  month  he  or  they  may  continue  to  occupy  it,  not  exceeding  the 
20th  day  of  April  next;  and  of  this  they  desire  that  Capt.  Coran,  or  the  com- 
manding officer  of  the  laboratory  company,  may  have  notice.  Per  Wm. 
Moore,   foreman. ' ' 


CHAPTER  VIII. 

Bench  and  Bar— Provincial   Period— From  the  Revolution  Until  the 
Adoption  or  the  Constitution  of  1790 — Constitutional  Period. 

I. 

PROVINCIAL  PERIOD. 

THE  bar  of  Cumberland  County  had  its  birth  in  the  colonial  period  of  our 
history — in  the  days  when  Pennsylvania  was  a  province,  and  when 
George  II  was  the  reigning  king.  Courts  of  justice  had  been  established  by  the 
proprietaries  in  the  settled  portions  of  the  province,  at  first  under  the  laws  of 
the  Duke  of  York,  and  subsequently  under  the  rides  of  the  common  law  ;  but 
the  necessity  for  them  became  greater  as  the  population  increased,  as  new  sec- 
tions were  settled,  and  it  was  this  necessity  for  the  establishment  of  courts  of 
justice  nearer  than  Lancaster,  in  this  newly  settled  portion  of  Pennsylvania, 
which  was  the  principal  reason  for  the  formation  of  Cumberland  County  in 
1750. 

From  this  period  begins  the  history  of  our  bar.  For  nearly  one  hundred 
years  succeeding  the  settlement  of  Pennsylvania,  few  of  the  justices  knew 
anything  of  the  theory  or  practice  of  law,  until  after  they  had  received  their 
commissions  from  the  King.  Even  the  ' '  Provincial  Council. ' '  which  was  the  high 
court  of  appeal,  and  which  was  presided  over  by  the  governor  of  the  province, 
had  frequently  no  lawyer  in  it ;  but  by  the  time  of  the  formation  of  our  coun- 
ty a  race  of  lawyers  had  arisen  in  Pennsylvania,  who  ' '  traveled  upon  the 
circuit" — many  of  whom  became  eminent  in  the  State  and  nation — whose 
names  will  be  found  in  the  early  annals  of  our  bar. 


HI8T0ET   OF  CUMBERLAND  OODNTY.  L39 

I     BHEPFBireBIIBO. 

The  iir-t  courts  in  the  Cumberland  Valley  were  held  at  Shippenflburg;  (our 
terms,  dating  from  the  24th  of  July,  1750,  to  and  including  April.  17-M.  But 
when  Carlisle  (Letort's  Spring,  as   it  had  I  I  was  Laid  oui  and  chosen 

by  the  proprietaries  as  the  county  scat,  they  were  removed  to  that  place, 

At  the  first  term  of  court  in  Shippensburg  Samuel  Smith,  who  had  been  a 
member  "f  the  Colonial  Assembly,  and  his  associate  justices  presided  ;  John 
Potter  had  been  appointed  the  first  sheriff,  and  Eermanus  Uricks,  of  Carlisle, 
a  grands  or  Alricks,  who  came  from  Holland  in   1682  with  dispatches 

t..  the  Dutch  on  the  Delaware  and  who  was  himself,  at  this  time  (1749  50),  the 
first  representative  of  Cumberland  County  in  the  assembly,  produced  his  eom- 
from  the  governor  of  the  province,  under  the  great  seal,  as  clerk  of  the 
peace  for  the  said  county,  which  was  read  and  recorded. 

FIRST  I  OUBT9    \  r  C  LEI  i  - 

The  first  court  held  at  Carlisle  was  in  the  year  immediately  succeeding  the 
formation  of  the  county,  and  was  "a  court  of  general  quarter  sessions,  held  at 
Carlisle,  for  the  county  of  Cumberland,  the  twenty  third  day  of  July,  1  751, 
in  the  twenty-fifth  year  of  our  Sovereign  Lord.  Bong  George  II.  ovet 
Britain,  etc      B  Fore  Samuel  Smith,  Esq.,  and  his  associate  justi 

■  first  courts  were  probably  held  in  "a  temporary  log  building  on  the 
northeast  corner  of  the  public  square."     The  court  house  was  used  during  the 
Revolution,  and  as  late   as  January,   177s-.  by  (apt.  Coran  and  a  compi 
United  States  troops  as  a  laboratory,  so  that  the  justices  were  compelled  to 
hold  courts  at  temporary  places  elsewhere. 

THE  EARLY  DOUBTS. 

The  justice-  who  presided  were  commissioned,  through  the  governor  of  the 
province,  by  the  King.     The  Dumber  of  ;■  ces  varied  from  t 

time.  The  court-  of  quarter  sessions  and  common  pleas  were  held  four  times 
each  year,  and  private  sessions,  presided  over  often  by  the  associate  justices, 
irregularly,  a- asion  called  for. 

At   the  beginning  of  our  history  the  public  prosecutor  was  the  Crow 
aU  criminal  cases  are  entered  accordingly  in  the  name  of  the  King,  as:    The 
King  08.  John  Smith.       This   is   until    the   Revolution,  when,  about    177s-.  the 

form  is  changed  t.>  "  Pennsylvania  us. ,"  which  is  used  until  August, 

fter  which   the  form    " Bespublica  vs. "   is  used  until  August, 

1832,  when  the  word  "Commonwealth,"  which  is  now  in  use,  appears. 

The  form  of  the  pleadings  at  this  early  period   may  he  considered   curious: 

The  King         ) 

v  Sur  Indictment  for  Assault  find  Battery. 

Ciiaki.es  Mdbrat.   ) 

Being  charged  with  avers  he  is  not  guilty  as  in  tin'  indictment  is  supposed,  and  upon 
this  he  pu  I  and  upon  thi 

But  now  the  defendant  comes  into  court  and  ing  willing  to 

contend  with  our  So  the  King.     Protests  his  inn 

mitted  to  a  small  tine.    Whereupon  <1  by  the  court  that  lie  pay  the  sum  of  two 

shillings,  six  pence.    Octoberterm,  1751. 

Besides  the  ordinary  actions  of  trespass,  debt,  slander,  assault  and  I 

and  the  like,  there  were  actions  in  the  early  courts  against  persons  for  -ettline; 
on  land  unpurchased  from  the  Indians,  and  quite  a  dumber  "for  selling  liquor 
to  the  Indians  without  license.'1      For  the  lighl  there  were  fit 

imprisonments,  and  for  I  the  ignominious  punishment  of  the  whip- 

1  pillory. 


140  HISTORY    OF   CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

This  was  then  the  ordinary  method  of  punishment  and  the  form  of  the 
sentence  was,  to  take  one  of  many  instances,  ' '  that  he  [the  culprit]  receive 
twenty-one  lashes  well  laid  on  his  bare  back,  at  the  public  whipping-post  in 
Carlisle,  to-morrow  morning,  between  the  hours  of  eleven  and  twelve  o'clock, 
that  he  make  restitution  to  Wm.  Anderson  in  the  sum  of  £18,  14  shillings 
and  6  pence.  That  he  make  fine  to  the  Governor  in  the  like  sum,  and  stand 
committed  until  fine  and  fees  be  paid. " — [January  term,  1751.]  "  Twenty-one 
lashes ' '  was  the  usual  number,  although  in  some  few  cases  they  were  less. 
The  whipping-post  seems  to  have  been  abandoned  during  the  Revolution,  as  we 
find  the  last  m'ention  of  it  in  the  records  of  our  court  in  April,  1779.  These 
records  also  show  that  the  justices  of  the  courts,  who  seem  to  have  been  ex 
officio  justices  of  the  peace,  superintended  the  laying  out  of  roads,  granted 
licences,  took  acknowledgments  of  deeds  and  registered  the  private  marks  or 
brands  of  cattle.  They  exercised  a  paternal  supervision  over  bond  servants, 
regulated  the  length  of  their  terms  of  service,  and  sometimes,  at  the  request 
probably  of  the  prisoners,  sold  them  out  of  goal  as  servants  for  a  term  of 
years,  in  order  that  they  might  be  able  to  pay  the  fines  imposed.  In 
short  the  cases  in  these  early  courts,  which  had  distinct  equity  powers,  seem 
to  have  been  determined  according  to  the  suggestions  of  right  reason,  as  well 
as  by  the  fixed  principles  of  law. 

FOUNDATION    OF    THE    COUETS. 

In  order  that  we  may  get  some  idea  of  the  foundation  of  the  courts  in  Cum- 
berland County — of  the  authority,  in  the  days  of  kings,  from  which  their  power 
was  derived — it  may  be  interesting  to  turn  to  the  old  commissions,  in  which 
the  power  of  the  early  justices  was  more  or  less  defined. 

A  commission  issued  in  October,  1755,  appointing  Edward  Shippen,  Sr. , 
George  Stevenson  and  John  Armstrong,  justices,  is  as  follows: 

§eorije  II,  ^  ^   -SB«.  */  =^f  ./  =^W  .gft.?..^   ^m*~ 

GREETING:  Know  ye  that  reposing  special  Trust  and  Confidence  in  your  Loyalty, 
Integrity,  Prudence  and  Ability,  TPV  have  assigned  you  or  any  two  of  you  our  Justices  to  En- 
quire by  The  Oaths  or  affirmation  of  honest  and  Lawful  men  of  the  said  Counties  of  York 
and  Cumberland  *  *  of  all  Treasons,  Murders  and  such  other  Crimes  as  are  by  the 
Laws  of  our  said  Province  made  Capital  or  felonies  of  death  *  *  *  to  have 
and  determine  the  said  Treasons,  Murders,  etc.,  according  to  Law,  and  upon  Conviction  of 
any  person  or  persons.  Judgment  or  sentence  to  pronounce  and  execution  thereupon  to 
award  as  The  Law  doth  or  shall  direct.  And  we  have  also  appointed  you,  the  said  Edward 
Shippen,  George  Stevenson  and  Jolin  Armstrong,  or  any  two  of  you,  our  justices,  to  de- 
liver the  Goals  of  York  and  Cumberland  aforesaid  of  the  prisoners  in  the  same  being  for 
any  crime  or  crimes,  Capital  or  Felonies  aforesaid,  and  therefore  we  command  you  that  at 
certaint  imes,  which  you  or  any  two  of  you  shall  consider  of,  you  meet  together  at  the  Court 
Houses  of  the  said  Counties  of  YTork  and  Cumberland,  to  deliver  the  said  goals  and  Make 
diligent  inquiry  of  and  upon  the  premises,  and  hear  and  Determine  all  and  singular  the 
said  premises,  and  do  and  accomplish  these  things  in  the  form  aforesaid,  acting  always 
therein  as  to  Justice  according  to  Law  shall  appertain.  Saving  to  us  the  Amerceiments 
and  other  things  to  us  thereof  Belonging,  for  we  have  commanded  the  Sheriffs  of  the  said 
Counties  of  York  and  Cumberland  that  at  certain  days,  which  you  shall  make  known  to 
them,  to  cause  to  come  before  you  all  of  the  prisoners  of  the  Goals  and  their  attachments, 
and  also  so  many  and  such  honest  and  Lawful  men  of  their  several  Bailiwicks  as  may  be 
necessary  by  whom  the  truth  of  the  matters  concearning  may  be  the  better  known  and  en- 
quired.    In' testimony  whereof  we  have  caused  the  Great  Seal  of  our  Province  to  be  here- 


HI8T0E1    OF  01  MBERLANT  COOFn  1  I  1 

unto  affixed      Witness,  Robert  Turner  Morris,  Esq.  (bj   rirtui  jlon  from 

Thomas  Penn  and  Richard  Penn.  Bsqs  .  true  and  absolute  p 

with  our  Royal  approbatlon.Lieutenant  Qovernorandl  el  ofthe  Provroci 

m'U.iu"...!  couAties  ol  New  Castel,  Threnl  and  Bui  a ,  Phlkdelphia, 

the  ninth. lav  of  October,  in  the  year  oi  our  Lord  one  thousam  dred  and  nttv- 

liv.-  and  in  the  twenty-ninth  year  of  our  reign  Iobhki  I.  Kobbis. 

Another  commission  was  issued  April  5,  1757,  to  John  Armstrong,  appoint 
ing  him  a  justice  of  the  oonrl  of  common  pleasforthe  oounty  of  Cumberland. 
The  powere  of  these  provinoial  justices  were  much  more  extensive  then  than 
those  which  belong  to  the  office  of  a  justice  now.  and  for  some  time  the  ooun- 
t\  of  Cumberland,  over  which  their  jurisdiction  extended,  included  nearly  all 
of  Pennsylvania  west  ofthe  Susquehanna. 

Many  of  the  justices  who  were  appointed  never  appear  upon  the  bench. 
Not  lees  than  three  presided  at  each  term  of  court,  one  as  the  presiding  justice 
and  the  others  as  associates.  Sometimes  only  tin' name  ofthe  presiding  jus- 
tice is  given;  sometimes  all  are  mentioned.  Thej  Beem  to  have  held  various 
term-,  and  to  have  rotated  without  any  discoverable  rule  of  regularity.  The 
justices  who.  with  their  associates,  presided  during  the  provincial  period,  until 
the  breaking  out  of  the  revolution,  were  as  follows: 

ll'STICKS  DUBXNG  THE   PROVINCIAL    PERIOD. 

Samuel  Smith,  from  July,  1750,  to  October,  17r>7;  Francis  West,  fxomOc- 
tober  L757  to  1759;  John  Armstrong,  Francis  Wesi  and  Hermanns  AMcks, 
January.  1760;  Francis  West,  July,  1760;  John  McKnight,  October,  1760; 
John  Armstrong,  April,  1781;  James  Galbreath,  October,  1761;  John  Ann- 
strong.  January?  L762;  James  Galbreath,  April.  I  762;  John  Armstrong,  July, 
L782;  Thomas  Wilson,  April,  1763;  John  Armstrong,  from  October,  1703,  to 
April.  1776.  . ,    ,      .  ,, 

The  above  embraces  the  names  of  all  the  justices  who  presided  prior  to  the 
Revolution,  with  the  exception  possibly  of  a  few,  who  held  but  a  single  term  of 
curt.  It  will  be  Been  thai  from  October,  I  757,  the  judges  rotated  irregularly 
at  brief  intervals  until  October.  1 763,  when  John  Armstrong  occupied  the  bench 
for  a  period  of  nearly  thirteen  years. 

Of  these  justices  John  fiffcEnighi  was  afterward  a  captain  in  the  Revolution; 
Francis  West  was  an  Englishman  who  went  to  Ireland  and  then  immigrated  to 
America  and  settled  in  Carlisle  in  or  before  1753.  He  was  an  educated  man 
and  a  loyalist  His  sister  Ann  became  the  wife  of  his  friend  and  co-justice, 
Hermanns  Alricks,  and  his  daughter,  ofthe  same  name,  married  Col.  George 
Gibson,  the  father  of  John  Bannister  Gibson,  who  was  afterward  to  become 
the  chief  justice  of  Pennsylvania.  Francis  Wesi  sometime  prior  to  the  Revo- 
lution moved  to  Sherman'-  Valley,  where  he  died  in  1  783. 

Thomas  Wilson  lived  near  Carlisle. 

James  Galbreath.  another  of  these  justices,  was  born  in  1  703,  in  the 
of  Ireland.  He  was  a  man  of  note  on  the  frontier,  and  the  early  provincial 
records  of  Pennsylvania  contain  frequent  reference  to  him.  He  had  been  sher- 
iff, -  in  1742,  andfor  many  years  a  justice  of  thai  county.  He  had 
served  in  the  Indian  wars  of  1755  63,  and  some  time  previous  to  L762  had 
I  to  Cumberland  County.  He  died  June  11,  1786,  in  what  was  then 
I.  st  Pennsborongh  Township. 

Hermanns  Alricks  was  the  first  clerk  of  the  courts,  from  1  750  to  1  i  70,  and 
the  tii -t  representative  of  Cumberland  County  in  the  Provinoial  Assembly. 
He  was  1  L730  in  Philadelphia.     He  settled  in  Carlisle  aboui    1749 

or  1750,  and  brought   with  him  his  bride,  a  young  lady  lately  from  Ireland, 
with  her  brother,  Francis  West,  then  about  to  settle  in  the  same  place.     He 


142  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

was  a  man  of  mark  and  influence  in  the  valley  west  of  the  Susquehanna.     He 
died  in  Carlisle  December  14,  1772. 

But  the  greatest  of  these,  and  "  the  noblest  Roman  of  them  all, "  was  Col. 
John  Armstrong.  He  first  appears  as  a  surveyor  under  the  proprietary  gov- 
ernment, and  made  the  second  survey  of  Carlisle  in  1761.  In  1755  we  find 
him  commissioned  a  justice  of  the  courts  by  George  II,  and  from  1703  until  his 
duties  as  a  major-general  in  the  Revolution  called  him  from  the  bench,  we 
find  him,  for  a  period  of  nearly  thirteen  years,  presiding  over  our  courts. 
He  was  at  this  time  already  a  colonel,  and  had  already  distinguished  himself 
in  the  Indian  war.  In  1755  he  had  cleaned  out  the  nest  of  savages  at  Kittan- 
ning,  and  had  received  a  medal  from  the  corporation  of  Philadelphia.  When, 
later  the  Revolution  broke  out,  we  find  him,  in  1776,  a  brigadier-general  of 
the  Continental  Army  (commissioned  March  1,  1776),  and  in  the  succeeding 
year  a  major-general  in  command  of  the  Pennsylvania  troops.  He  was  a  warm, 
personal  friend  of  Washington.  He  was  a  member  of  Congress  in  1778-80, 
and  1787-88.  It  was,  probably,  owing  to  his  influence,  in  a  great  measure, 
that  the  earliest  voice  of  indignant  protest  was  raised  in  Carlisle  against  the 
action  of  Great  Britain  against  the  colonies.  "  He  was  a  man  of  intelligence, 
integrity,  resolute  and  brave,  and,  though  living  habitually  in  the  fear  of  the 
Lord,  he  feared  not  the  face  of  man."*  He  died  March  9,  1795,  aged  seventy- 
five  years.     He  was  buried  in  the  old  grave-yard  at  Carlisle. 

PROSECUTORS    FOR    THE    CROWN. 

In  this  provincial  period  these  were  our  judges:  George  Ross,  afterward 
a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  was  the  public  prosecutor  for  the 
Crown  from  1751  to  1764;  Robert  Magaw  follows  in  1765-66,  and  Jasper 
Yeates  in  1770;  Benjamin  Chew,  who  was  a  member  of  the  Provincial  Coun- 
cil, and  afterward,  during  the  Revolution,  a  Loyalist,  was,  at  this  time,  1759- 
68,  attorney-general,  and  prosecuted  many  of  the  criminal  cases,  from  1759  to 
1769,  in  our  courts.  He  was,  in  1777,  with  some  others,  received  by  the 
sheriff  of  this  county,  and  held  at  Staunton,  Va. ,  till  the  conclusion  of  the  war. 

PRACTITIONERS. 

The  earliest  practitioners  at  our  bar,  from  1759  to  1764.  were  George  Ross, 
James  Smith  (afterward  a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence),  James 
Campbell,  Samuel  Johnston,  Jasper  Yeates  and  Robert  Magaw. 

From  1764  to  1770,  George  Stevenson,  James  Wilson  (also  a  signer  of  the 
Declaration  of  Independence),  James  Hamilton  (afterward  judge),  David 
Sample,  David  Grier,  Wetzel,  Morris,  and  Samuel  Johnston,  were  the  leading 
attorneys.  Up  to  this  time  Magaw,  Stevenson  and  Wilson  had  the  largest 
practice.  During  this  period,  in  1770,  Col.  Turbutt  Francis  becomes  clerk  of 
the  court,  as  successor  of  Hermanus  Alricks;  and  from  1771  to  1774.  Ephraim 
Blaine,  afterward  commissary  in  the  Revolution,  and  the  grandfather  of  the 
Hon.  James  G .  Blaine,  of  Maine,  was  sheriff  of  the  county. 

THE    BAR    IN    1776. 

During  this  first  year  of  our  independence  the  practitioners  at  the  bar  were 
John  Steel  (already  in  large  practice),  James  Campbell,  George  Stevenson, 
James  Wilson,  Samuel  Johnston,  David  Grier,  Col.  Thomas  Hartley  (of  York). 
Jasper  Yeates,  James  Smith,  Edward  Burd  and  Robert  Galbreath.  It  is  a 
noteworthy  fact  that  two  of  the  men  who  practiced  in  our  courts  in  this  mem- 
orable year  were  signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence. 

♦Chamber's  tribute  to  the  Scotch-Irish  settlers,  p.  88. 


BISTORT  OP  CI  MBBRLAND  COUBTT.  I  l"> 

lion.  George  Ross,  who,  at  the  age  of  twenty-two,  was  the  firs!  public 
itor  tor  the  Crown  in  oua  courts  in  Cumberland  County,  was  the  boo  of 
Ross,  an  Episcopal  minister,  and  was  born  in  New  Castle,  Del.,  in 
IT::"  Be  began  the  practice  of  law  in  Lancaster  in  L751.  He  acted  as  prose 
outing  attorney  for  the  Crown  in  our  count]  from  17M  to  17(11.  and  practiced 
in  our  courts  until  Ootober,  1772.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Colonial  \  em 
bly  of  Pennsylvania  from  L768  to  ITT<>.  and  when  this  bodj  ceased,  or  was 
continued  in  the  Legislature,  he  \\a-  a  member  of  thai  bodj  also.      In  1771  he 

was  one  of  the  committ f  seven  wl  ated   Pennsylvania  intfa 

tinental  Congress,  and  remained  a  member  until  January.  1777.  He  was  a 
signer  o  laration  of  Independence.      He  died  at   Lancaster  in  .lulv. 

ppearanoe  George  Ross  was  a  verj  handsome  man.  with  a  high 
forehead,  regular  features,  oval  face,  long  hair,  worn  in  the  fashion  of  the  day, 
ami  pleasing  countenance. 

Col.  James  Smith  is  one  of  the  earliest  names  found  as  a  practici oner,  in  this 
provincial  period,  a!   thi  ounty.     There  is  a  brief  notice 

of  him  in  Day's  Historical   Collections.      He    was   an    [rishman   b}  birth,  but 

came  to  this  country  when  quite  young.        In  Graydon  -    W< re  il  is  stated 

that  he  was  educated  at  the  college  in  Philadelphia,  was  admitted  to  the  bar, 
and  afterward  removed  to  the  vicinity  of  Shippensburg,  and  there  established 
himself  as  a  lawyer.  From  there  he  removed  to  York,  where  he  continued  to 
reside  until  hi-  death,  July  11,  L806,  at  the  age  of  about  ninety  three  years. 
He  was  a  member  of  Congress  in  L775  78.  He  was  one  of  the  signers  of  the 
Deolarati f  Independence.  For  b  period  of  sixty  years  he  had  a  large  an.  1  lu- 
crative practice  in  the  eastern  counties,  from  which  lie  withdrew  inabout  1800. 
During  the  Revolution  he  commanded,  as  colonel,  a  regiment  in  the  Penn 
sylvania  line.  A.  more  extended  notice  of  him  can  he  found  in  Saunderson's 
■   I      -     .   '  Lives  of  the  sign  Declaration  of  Independence. 

James  Wilson  LL.D.  is  another  of  these  earliesl  practitioners  at  the  bar.    His 
name  occurs  on  the  records  as  earlj  as  17i'..;.     11, ■  was  a  Scotchman  h 
born  in  1742,  and  had   received  a   finished    education   at  St.    Andrews,    EJdin 
burgh  and  Glasgow,  under  Dr.  Blair  in  rhetoric,  and  Dr.  Watt-  in  logic.     In 
1766  he   had  come  to   reside    in   Philadelphia,   where  he  studied  law  with 
John  Dickinson,    the  colonial  governor,  and   founder  of    D  ollege. 

Whenl  admitted  to], ran;.  n|,  hi-  residence  in  Carlisle,  and   at  once 

to  the  foremost  of  our  bar.         At   tin     meeting  at  Carlisle,   in  July.    1771, 

which  protested  against  the  action  oi  I    the  colonies,  he. 

with  Irvine  and  Magaw,  was  appointed  a  delegate  to  meei  those  of  other 
counties  of  th<    -  the  initiatory  step 

from  the  different  colonies,     lie  was  subsequently  a  signer  of  the  Declaration 
of  Independence,  and  when   the  motion    for  independence  was   finally 
upon  in  Congress,  the  vol  ,-  carried  in  it-  favor  by  the 

casting  vote  of  James  Wilson,  of  Cumberland  County.      '-He  had."  saye  Ban 
croft,  in  his  History  of  the  United  Mat--.  "  at  an  earl]  daj  foreseen  independ- 
-  the  probable,  though  not  the  intended  result  of  the  contest,"  ami  al 
though  he  was  not.  at  first,  avowedly  in  favor  of  ;,  severance  from  the  d 
country,  he  desired  it  when  he  had  received  definite  instructions  from  bi 

Btituents,    and  when  he  -aw  that  nearly  tile  whole  ma--  of  the    | pie  were  in 

favor  of  it  In  1776  he  was  a  colonel  in  the  Revolution  I  rom  L779  to  17"-:; 
he  held  the  position  of  advocate  general  for  tic  French  nation,  whose  business 
it  wa-  to  draw  up  plans  for  regulating  the  intercourse  tntry  with  the 

United  State-,  for  which  services  he  received  a  reward,  from  the  French 
of  1,000  livres.     He  wa-  at  this  time  director  of  the  Bank  of  North  Ami 


146  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

He  was  one  of  the  most  prominent  members  in  the  convention  of  1787  which 
formed  the  constitution  of  the  United  States.  "Of  the  fifty-five  dele- 
gates," says  McMaster,  in' his  History  of  the  People  of  the  United  States,  "  he 
was  undoubtedly  the  best  prepared  by  deep  and  systematic  study  of  the  his- 
tory and  science  of  government,  for  the  work  that  lay  before  him.  The  Mar- 
quis de  Chastellux,  himself  a  no  mean  student,  had  been  struck  with  the  wide 
ranwe  of  his  erudition,  and  had  spoken  in  high  terms  of  his  library.  '  There,' 
said  he,  'are  all  our  best  writers  on  law  and  jurisprudence.  The  works  of 
President  Montesquieu  and  of  Chancellor  D'Aguesseau  hold  the  first  rank 
among  them,  and  he  makes  them  his  daily  study.'  (Travels  of  Marquis  de 
Chastellux  in  North  America  p.  109. )  This  learning  Wilson  had  in  times  past 
turned  to  excellent  use,  and  he  now  became  one  of  the  most  active  members  of 
the  convention.  None,  with  the  exception  of  Gouverneur  Morris,  was  so  often 
on  his  feet  during  the  debates  or  spoke  more  to  the  purpose."*  [McMaster' s 
History  Vol.  I,  p.  421.]  By  this  time  Wilson  had  removed  from  Carlisle  and 
lived  in  Philadelphia.  He  was  appointed,  under  the  Federal  Constitution, 
one  of  the  first  judges  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States,  by  President 
Washington,  in  which  office  he  continued  until  his  death.  In  1/90  he  was 
appointed  professor  of  law  in  the  legal  college  at  Philadelphia,  which,  during 
his  incumbency,  was  united  with  the  university.  He  received  the  degree 
of  L.L.D.,  and  delivered  a  course  of  lectures  on  jurisprudence  which  were 
published.     He  died  August  26.  1798,  aged  fifty-six. 

Col.  Robert  Magaw,  was  another  practitioner  at  this  early  period.  He  was  an 
Irishman  by  birth',  and  resided  in  Cumberland  County,  prior  to  the  Revolu- 
tion, in  which  war  he  served  as  colonel  of  the  Fifth  Pennsylvania  Battalion. 
In  1774  be  was  one  of  the  delegates  from  this  county  to  a  convention  at  Phila- 
delphia for  the  purpose  of  concerting  measures  to  call  a  general  congress  of 
delegates  from  all  the  colonies.  He  was  a  prominent  member  of  the  bar,  a 
brave  officer,  and  a  trustee  of  Dickinson  College  from  1783  until  his  death  He 
had  a  very  large  practice  prior  to  the  Revolution.      He  died  January  7^  1790. 

The  name  of  Jasper  Yeates  appears  upon  our  records  as  early  as  1763,  and 
for  a  period  of  twenty-one  years  (1784)  his  name  appears  as  a  practitioner  at 
our  bar.  He  resided  in  Lancaster.  He  was  an  excellent  lawyer  and  practiced 
over  a  large  territory  in  the  eastern  counties  of  the  State.  On  March  21,  1  /91, 
he  was  appointed  by  Gov.  Mifflin  one  of  the  associate  justices  of  the  su- 
preme court,  which  position  he  filled  until  the  time  of  his  death  m  1817.  In 
appearance  he  was  tall,  portly,  with  handsome  countenance,  florid  complexion 
and  blue  eyes.  He  was  the  compiler  of  the  early  Pennsylvania  reports  which 
bear  his  name.  .  _ 
George  Stevenson,  LL.D.,  was  a  prominent  member  of  the  barm  1/(0. 
His  name  appears  upon  the  records  as  early  as  1770.  He  was  born  in  Dublin  m 
1718,  educated  at  Trinity  College,  and  emigrated  to  America  about  the  middle 
of  the  century.  He  was  appointed  deputy  surveyor-general  under  Nicholas 
Scull  for  the  three  lower  counties  on  the  Delaware,  known  as  the  ' '  territories 
of  Pennsylvania,"  which  William  Penn  obtained  from  the  Duke  of  York  in 
1682.  He  afterward  removed  to  York  and  was  appointed  a  justice  under 
George  II  in  1755.  [See  commission,  page  7.]  In  1769  he  moved  to 
Carlisle  and  became  a  leading  member  of  the  bar.  He  died  at  this  place  in 
1783.  Some  of  his  correspondence  may  be  seen  in  the  Colonial  Records, 
and  the  Pennsylvania  Archives.  He  married  the  widow  of  Thomas  Cookson, 
a  distinguished  lawyer  of  Lancaster,  who  was  instructed,  in  connection  with 
Nicholas  Scull,  to  lay  out  the  town  of  Carlisle  in  1751. 

*As  a  matter  of  curiosity  we  may  mention-,  number  of  speeches  were  Morris,  173;  Wilson,  168;  Madison ,  161 ; 
Sherman,  138;  Mason,  136;  Elbridge  Gerry,  119. 


B1BT0ET  <>K  CUMBERLAND  cmNTV.  1  l« 

t  apt .  John  Steel  was  a  prominent  member  of  our  bar  in  L776.   He  had  l o 

admitted,  on  motion  of  Col.  Magaw,  only  three  years  previously,   April   term, 

:.l  Beems  immediately  to  have  oome  into  a  large  practice.    We  find  him 

having  a  large  practice  again  from  1782  to  L785,8harily  after  which  date  hia  name 

disappears  from  the  records.  Oapi  John  Bteel  was  the  Bon  of  Rev.  John  Steel, 

known  as  the  "fighting  parson,"   and  was  born  at  Carlisle,  July   L5,  1.11. 

Parson  Steel  led  a  oompanj  of  men   from  Carlisle  and  acted  as  a  chaplain  in 

rolutionary  Army,  while  In-  Bon,  John  Steel,  the  subject  ofour  Bketoh, 

led,  as  a  captain,  a  company  of  men  from  the  same  place,  ami  joined  the  army 

..f    Washington    after   he   had   crossed   the    Delaware.      He    was    the   father   of 

Amelia  Steel,  the  mother  of  the  late  Robert   Given,  of  Carlisle.     He  married 

Moore,  a  sister  of  Mrs,  Jane  Thompson,  who  was  the  mother  of  Eliza 

beth  Bennett,  the  maternal  grandmother  of  the  writer.     He  died  about  1812. 

Col  Thomas  Hartley,   who  appeared  as  a  pra/  our  bar  in   1770. 

mi  in  Berks  County  in  17  is.     Her ivedthe  rudiments  of  a  classical 

education  at  Reading,  when  he  went  to  fork  at  the  age  of  eighteen,  and  stud 
ied law  under  Samuel  Johnston  He  commenced  practice  in  1789.  Heap 
ii. 'i-  at  our  bar  from  April.  1771.  to  L797.  Col.  Hartley  be- 
came distinguished  both  in  the  cabinet  and  the  field  In  1771  he  was  elected 
member  of   the  Provincial  Meeting   of  deputies,   which  met   in  Philadelphia 

in  .Inly   of   that    year.     In   the  sin eding   year   he   was  a   member  of   the 

Provincial  Convention  In  the  beginning  of  the  war  he  became  a  colonel 
in  the  Revolution  He  served  in  177S  in  the  Indian  war  on  the  west 
branch  of  the  Susquehanna,  and  in  the  same  year  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Legislature  from  York  County.  In  17S3  he  was  a  member  of  the  council  of 
In  17^7  he  was  8  member  of  the  State  Convention,  which  adopteil 
the  Federal  Constitution.  In  L788  he  was  elected  to  Congress  and  served  for 
a  period  of  twelveyears.  In  Is1"1  he  was  commissioned  by  Gov.  MoKean 
major-general  of  the  Fifth  Division  of  Pennsylvania  Militia.  He  was  an  ex- 
cellent lawyer,  a  pleasant  speaker,  and  had  a  large  practice.  He  died  in  York 
December  "J  1.  1  si  n  i.  aged  fifty -two  yei 

These  were  some  of  the  men  who  practiced  atour  bar  in  the  memorable 
year  177'i.  men  who  by  their  services  in  the  forum  and  the  field  helped  to  lay 
broad  and  deep  the  foundations  of  the  government  which  we  enjoy. 

II. 

FROM  THE  REVOLUTION  UNTIL  THE  ADOPTION  OF   THE  CONSTITUTION 

OF  1790. 

From  the  period  of  the  Revolution,  until  the  adoption  of  the  constitution 
of  1790,  the  court-,  were  presided  over  by  the  following  justices: 

John  Bannalls  and  associates,  from  L776  to  January,  17s.".;  Samuel  Laird 
and  associates,  from  January,  17s.".,  to  January,  L786;  Thomas  Beals  and 
associates.  April.  17si'>;  John  Jordan  and  associates,  from  July.  1786,  till 
October,  L791. 

Owing  to  the  adoption  of  the  Declaration,  and  the  a asityof  taking  anew 

fch,  most  of  the  attorneys  were  re-admitted  in  177s.  Among  these  were 
Jasper  YeateB,  James  Smith,  James  Wilson,  Edward  Burd  and  David  Grier. 
Thomas  Hartley  was  re  admitted  in  July  of  the  sua ling  year. 

James  Hamilton,  who   afterward  became  the  fourth  judge  under  the  Consti- 

'  p.  335-6.    Also 


148  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

tution  was  admitted  to  practice  upon  the  motion  of  Col.  Thomas  Hartly  in 
April,  1781. 

Among  the  names  of  those  who  practiced  during  this  period  between  the 
Eevolution  and  the  adoption  of  the  Constitution  of  1790,  are  the  following: 

Hon.  Edward  Shippen  was  admitted  to  our  bar  in  October,  1778.  He  was 
the  son  of  Edward  Shippen,  Sr.,  the  founder  of  Shippensburg,  and  was  born 
February  16,  1729.  In  1748  he  was  sent  to  England  to  be  educated  at  the 
Inns  of  Court.  In  1771  he  was  a  member  of  the  "Proprietary  and  Governors' 
Council."  He  afterward  rose  rapidly  and  became  chief  justice  of  Pennsyl- 
vania. He  was  the  father  of  the  wife  of  Gen.  Benedict  Arnold.  During  the 
Eevolution  his  sympathies  were  with  England,  but  owing  to  the  purity  of  his 
character  and  the  impartiality  with  which  he  discharged  his  official  duties,  the 
new  government  restored  him  to  the  bench.  His  name  appears  upon  our 
records  as  late  as  1800. 

James  Hamilton  was  admitted  in  April,  1781.  He  afterward  became  the 
fourth  president  judge  of  our  judicial  district.  He  was  an  Irishman  by  birth, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  his  native  country,  but  immigrated  to  America 
before  the  Revolution,  and  first  settled  for  a  short  time  in  Pittsburgh,  then  a 
small  frontier  settlement,  but  soon  afterward  removed  to  Carlisle,  where  he 
acquired  a  large  practice. 

Hon.  Thomas  Duncan's  name  is  found  as  a  practitioner  as  early  as  1781;* 
The  date  of  his  admission  to  the  bar  is  not  known  to  us.  He  was  of  Scutch 
ancestry,  and  a  native  of  Carlisle.  He  was  educated,  it  is  said,  under  Dr. 
Ramsey,  the  historian,  and  studied  law  in  Lancaster,  under  Hon.  Jasper 
Yeates,  then  one  of  the  judges  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Pennsylvania.  On 
his  admission  to  the  bar  he  retiuned  to  his  native  place  and  began  the  practice 
of  law;  his  rise  was  rapid,  and  in  less  than  ten  years  from  his  admission  he 
was  the  acknowledged  leader  of  his  profession  in  the  midland  counties  of  the 
State,  and  for  nearly  thirty  years  he  continued  to  hold  this  eminent  position. 
He  had,  during  this  period,  perhaps,  the  largest  practice  of  any  lawyer  in 
Pennsylvania  outside  of  Philadelphia. 

In  1817  he  was  appointed  by  Gov.  Snyder  to  the  bench  of  the  supreme 
court,  in  place  of  Judge  Yeates,  deceased.  He  shortly  after  removed  to  Phila- 
delphia where  he  resided  until  his  death,  which  occurred  on  the  16th  of 
November,  1827. 

During  the  ten  years  he  sat  upon  the  bench,  associated  with  Tilghman  and 
Gibson,  he  contributed  largely  to  our  stock  of  judicial  opinions,  and  the  re- 
ports contain  abundant  memorials  of  his  industry  and  learning.  These  opin- 
ions begin  with  the  third  volume  of  "Sergeant  &  Rawle,"  and  end  with  the 
seventeenth  volume  of  the  same  series. 

For  years  preceding  the  beginning  of  the  present  century  and  under  five 
of  the  judges  after  the  adoption  of  the  first  constitution,  namely:  Smith,  Rid- 
dle, Henry,  Hamilton  and  Charles  Smith,  Thomas  Duncan  practiced  at  our 
bar.  As  a  lawyer  he  was  distinguished  by  acuteness  of  discernment,  prompt- 
ness of  decision,  an  accurate  knowledge  of  character  and  a  ready  recourse  to 
the  rich  stores  of  his  own  mind  and  memory.  He  was  an  excellent  land  and 
criminal  lawyer,  ' '  although, ' '  says  one,  ' '  I  think  it  could  be  shown  by  citations 
from  his  opinions  that  his  taste  inclined  more  strongly  to  special  pleading  than 
to  real  estate,  and  that  his  accuracy  in  that  department  was  greater  than  in 
the  law  of  property. ' '  f 

*In  Dr.  Nevin's  '-Men  of  Mark"  it  is  stated  that  lie  was  educated  at  Dickinson  College,  which  is  evidently 
an  error,  as  that  institution  was  not  founded  until  two  years  later, 
t  Porter,  in  speaking  of  Duncan,  in  his  essay  on  Gibson. 


BIOTOBT  OF  CUMBERLAND  001  NTT,  149 

He  waa  enthusiastioalrj  devoted  to  his  profession,     "His  habits  of  investi 
gation,"  says   Porter,  in  speaking  of  him  as  a  judge,  "were  patienl  andsys 
tematio;  his  powers  of  discrimination  cultivated   In  study  and  In 
with  the  acutesl   minds  of  his  day;  his  style,  both  in  speaking  and   writing, 
easy,  natural,  graceful  and  clear,  and  his  acquirements  .piito  equal  to  those  of 
hi-  predecessors  on  the  bench." 

[n  appearance  Mr.  Duncan  was  aboul   five  feel  >i\  inches  high,  of  small. 

(1. -Urate  frame,  rather  reserved  in  manners,  had  rather  a  shrill  voice,  wore  pow- 
der in  his  hair,  knee  breeches  and  buckles,  and  was  neat  in  dress. 

Upon  a  small,  unobtrusive  looking  monument  in  the  old  grave-yard  in 
lisle,  is  the  following  inscription: 

'  Var  this  Bpot  is  deposited  all  that  was  mortal  of  Thomas  Duncan.  Esq., 
1.1.  |>  .  horn  at  Carlisle.  -Ji>th  of  November,  1760;  died  10th  of  November, 
lv_'7.  Called  to  the  bar  at  an  early  age,  he  was  rapidly  borne  bj  genius,  per 
severance  and  integrity  to  the  pinnacle  of  his  profession,  and  in  the  fulness  of 
hi>  fame  was  elevated  to  the  bench  of  the  supreme  court  of  his  native  state,  for 
which  a  sound  judgment,  boundless  stores  of  legal  science,  and  a  profound 
reverence  for  the  common  law.  had  peculiarly  tit  ted  him.  Of  his  judicial  labors 
the  reported  cases  of  the  period  are  the  best  eulogy.  As  a  husband,  indulgent; 
as  a  father,  kind:  as  a  friend,  sincere;  as  a  magistrate,  incorruptible,  and  as  a 
citizen,  inestimable,  he  was  honored  by  the  wise  and  good,  and  wept  by  a  large 
circle  of  relatives  ami  friends.  Honeata  quam  splendida."  A  panegyric 
which  leaves  nothing  to  be  said. 

Stephen  Chambers,  who  appears  upon  the  records  of  the  court  occasionally 
about  lTSo.  although  re-admitted  later,  was  from  Lancaster,  and  was  a  broth- 
er-in  law  of  John  Joseph  Henry,  who  was  afterward  appointed  president  judge 
of  our  judicial  district  in  1 81 i(  I. 

James  Armstrong  Wilson,  whose  name  appears  occasionally  after  the  Revo- 
lution as  a  practitioner  at  our  bar.  was  the  son  of  Thomas  Wilson,  who  resided 
near  Carlisle,  and  whom  we  have  mentioned  as  a  provincial  justice.  He  was 
educated  at  Princeton,  where  he  graduated  about  1771.  He  studied  law  with 
Richard  Stockton,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Kaston.  He  was  a  major  in 
the  Revolution.  The  earliest  mention  of  his  name  in  the  records  of  our  court 
is  about  177v 

John  Clark,  who  was  from  York.  Penn.,  appears  occasionally  as  a  practitioner 
about  17S4.  He  was  a  major  in  the  Revolution,  of  large  frame,  tine  personal 
appearance,  witty,  so  that  his  society  was  much  courted  by  many  of  the 
lawyers  who  rode  the  circuit  with  him  in  those  days. 

I;  iss  Thompson,  who  had  practiced  in  other  court-,  was  admitted  to  our  bar- 
in  1784  He  lived  some  time  in  Chambersburg,  but  removed  toCarlisle,  where 
he  died  at  an  early  age. 

John  Wilkes  Kittera.  admitted  in  1783,  was  from  Philadelphia,  but  settle,! 
in  Lancaster.  He  was  admitted  to  the  tirst  term  of  court  two  years  later. 
May,  1785,  in  Dauphin  County. 

John  Andrew  Hanna (1785),  settled  in  Harrisburg  at  about  the  time 
of  the  organization  of  Dauphin  County.  He  is  noticed  favorably  in  the  narra- 
tive of  the  Duke  de  Kochefoucault.  who  visited  the  State  capital  in  1795.  He 
Bays  that  Gen.  Hanna  was  then  "about  thirty-six  or  thirty-eight  year-  of  age, 
and  was  brigadier-general  of  militia."  He  was  ■■>  brother-in-law  of  Robert 
Harris,  the  father  of  George  W.  Harris,  the  compiler  of  the  Pennsylvania 
-.  and  was  an  executor  of  the  will  of  -John  Harris,  the  founder  of  Har- 
risbnrg.  He  was  elected  to  Congress  from  his  district  in  17'.i7.  and  served 
till  1st  i."i.  in  which  year  he  died. 


150  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

Ralph  Bowie,  from  York,  was  admitted  to  our  bar  at  October  term, 
1785,  and  practiced  considerably  in  our  courts  from  1798  till  after  1800.  He 
was  a  Scotchman  by  birth  and  had  probably  been  admitted  to  the  bar  .in  his 
native  country.  He  was  a  well-read  lawyer  and  much  sought  after  in  important 
cases  of  ejectment.  He  was  of  fine  personal  appearance,  courtly  and  dignified 
in  manner,  and,  neat  and  particular  in  dress.  He  powdered  his  hair,  wore 
short  clothes  in  the  fashion  of  the  day,  and  had  social  qualities  of  the  most 
attractive  character. 

Of  James  Riddle,  Charles  Smith,  John  Joseph  Henry  and  Thomas  Smith, 
all  of  whom  became  judges,  we  will  speak  later. 

Thomas  Creigh,  who  was  admitted  in  1790,  was  the  son  of  Hon. 
John  Creigh,  who  emigrated  from  Ireland  and  settled  in  Carlisle  in  1761. 
John  Creigh  was  an  early  justice,  and  one  of  the  nine  representatives  who 
signed  the  first  Declaration,  June  24,  1776,  for  the  colony  of  Pennsylvania. 
Thomas  Creigh  was  born  in  Carlisle  August  16,  1769.  He  graduated  in  the 
second  class  which  left  Dickinson  College  in  1788.  He  probably  studied  law 
under  Thomas  Duncan,  upon  whose  motion  he  was  admitted.  He  died  in  Car- 
lisle October,  1809.  One  sister,  Isabel,  married  Samuel  Alexander,  Esq.,  of 
Carlisle  ;  Mary  married  Hon.  John  Kennedy,  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Penn- 
sylvania, and  Elizabeth,  Samuel  Duncan,  Esq. ,  of  Carlisle. 

David  Watts  (1790),  a  son  of  Frederick  Watts,  who  was  a  member  of 
the  early  Provincial  Council,  was  born  in  Cumberland  County  October  29, 
1764.  He  graduated  in  the  first  class  which  left  the  then  unpretentious  halls  of 
Dickinson  College  in  1787.  He  afterward  read  law  in  Philadelphia  under  the 
eminent  jurist  and  advocate,  William  Lewis,  LL.D.,  and  was  admitted  to 
our  bar  in  October,  1790.  He  soon  acquired  an  immense  practice,  and  became 
the  acknowledged  rival  of  Thomas  Duncan,  who  had  been  for  years  the  recog- 
nized leader  on  this  circuit.      He  died  September  25,  1819. 

We  have  now  given  a  brief  sketch  of  our  bar,  from  the  earliest  times  down 
to  the  adoption  of  the  constitution  of  1790,  when,  in  the  following  year, 
Thomas  Smith,  the  first  president  judge  of  our  judicial  district,  appears  upon 
the  bench. 

III. 
CONSTITUTIONAL  PERIOD. 

From  the  adoption  of  this  first  constitution  until  the  present,  the  judges 
who  have  presided  over  our  courts  are  as  follows: 

JUDGES. 

Thomas  Smith,  1791;  James  Riddle,  1794;  John  Joseph  Henry,  1800; 
James  Hamilton,  1S06;  Charles  Smith,  1819;  John  Reed.  1820;  Samuel  Hep- 
burn, 1838;  Frederick  Watts,  1848;  James  H.  Graham,  1851;  Benjamin  F. 
Junkin,  1871;  Martin  C.  Herman,  1875;  Wilbur  F.  Sadler,  1885. 

Hon.  Thomas  Smith  first  appeared  upon  the  bench  in  the  October  term. 
1791.  He  resided  at  Carlisle.  He  had  been  a  deputy  surveyor  under  the 
government  in  early  life,  and  thus  became  well  acquainted  with  the  land  sys- 
tem in  Pennsylvania,  then  in  process  of  formation.  He  was  accounted _  a  good 
common  law  lawyer  and  did  a  considerable  business.  He  was  commissioned 
president  judge  by  Gov.  Mifflin  on  the  20th  of  August,  1791.  He  con- 
tinued in  that  position  until  his  appointment  as  an  associate  judge  of  the  su- 
preme court,  on  the  31st  of  January,  1794.  He  was  a  small  man,  rather  re- 
served in  his  manner,  and  of  not  very  social  proclivities.  He  died  at  an  ad- 
vanced age  in  the  year  1809. 


BIST0R1   OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY.  151 

Owing  t.p  the  necessity  of  being  resworn,  according  to  the  provisions  of  the 
new  constitution,  the  following  attorneys  "having  taken  the  oath  prescribed  bj 
law."  were  readmitted  at  this  term  of  court:  James  Riddle,  Andrew  Dunlap, 
».f  Franklin;  Thomas  Hartley,  of  fork;  David  Watts,  Thomas  Nesbitt,  Ralph 
Bowie,  Thomas  Duncan.  Thomas  Creigh,  Roberl  Duncan,  James  Hamilton 
and  others. 

Hon.  James  Riddle  first  appears  upon  the  bench  at  the  April  term,  1794 
He  was  born  in  Adams  County,  graduated  with  distinction  at  Princeton  Col 
lege,  and  subsequently  read  law  at  York.  Ho  was  about  thirty  years  of  ago 
when  ho  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  He  had  a  large  practice  until  his  appoint 
meat  as  president  judge  of  this  judicial  district.  1>y  Gov.  Mifflin,  in  February, 
His  legal  abilities  were  very  respectable,  though  he  was  not  considered 
a  great  lawyer.  He  was  well  read  in  science,  literature  and  the  law;  was  a 
good  advocate  and  verj  successful  with  the  jury.  He  was  a  tall  man.  broad 
shouldered  and  lu-ty.  with  a  noble  face  and  profile  and  pleasing  manlier. 
Some  time  in  1804  he  resigned  his  position  of  judge,  because  of  the  strong 
partisan  feeling  existing  against  him — he  being  an  ardent  Federalist  and  re 
turned  to  the  practit f  the  law.     He  died  iii  Chambersburg  about  ls::7. 

Hon.  John  Joseph  Henry,  of  Lancaster,  wasborn  about  the  year  1  o>N.  He 
wa-  tlie  third    president   judge  of  our    judicial   district   and   the   predecessor  of 

Judge   Hamilton.        He  was  appointed  in    1800.       Ho  had   previously  bt the 

first  president  judge  of  Dauphin  County  in  L793.  In  1776  young  Henry,  then 
a  lad  of  about  seventeen  or  eighteen  years  of  age,  entered  the  Revolutionary 
Army  and  joined  the  expedition  against  Quebec.  He  was  in  the  company  un 
dor  ('apt.  Matthew  Smith,  of  Lancaster.  The  whole  command,  amounting  to 
about  1, 000  men,  was  under  the  command  of  den.  Benedict  Arnold.  SToung 
Henry  fought  at  the  battle  of  Quebec  and  was  taken  prisoner.  Ho  subse 
quentiy  published  an  account  of  the  expedition.  Judge  Henry  was  a  largo 
man.  probably  over  six  feet  in  height.       He  died  in  Lancaster  in  1810. 

TITE   bar  in    1800. 

And  now  we  have  arrived   at  the  dawn  of  a  new  century.        Judge  Henry 

■was  upon  the  bench.      Watts  and  Duncan  were  unquestionably   the  leading 

lawyers.       They  were  engaged  in  probably  more  than  one-half  the  cases  which 

were  tried,  and  always  on  opposite  sides.      Hamilton  came  next,  six  years  later. 

to  be  upon  the  bench.      There  also  were  Charles  Smith,  who  was  to  succ I 

Hamilton:    Bowie,    of  York,    and   Shippen.    of  Lancaster,    with    their   queues 
and  Continental  dress,  and  the  Duncan  brothers,  James  and  Samuel,  and  Thorns 
Creigh,  all  of  them  engaged  in  active  practice  at  our  bar  at  the  beginning  of 

tury.  At  this  time  the  lawyers  still  traveled  upon  the  circuit,  and  cir 
cuit  courts  were  held  also  as  will  be  seen  by  the  following  entry:  '•Circuit 
Court  held  at  Carlisle  for  the  County  of  Cumberland  tin-  Ith  day  of  May. 
1801,  before  the  Hon.  Jasper  7eates,  ami  Hon.  Hugh  Henry Brackenridge,  jus 
tioee  "f  the  Supreme  Court." 

Anions  the  prominent  attorneys  admitted  to  the  bar  during  the  time  I 
Henry  was  upon  the  bench,  were  John  Bannister  Gibson,  afterward  chief  jus 
tice  <>f  Pennsylvania,  George  Metzgar  and  Andrew  Carothers.       Gibson  was 
admitted  in    March.    Is'  13. 

On  the  motion  of  Thomas  Duncan,  Esq.,  and  tic  usual  certificates  filed 
stating  that  Alexander  1'.  Lyon,  John  B.  M.  s.  Gibson  and  .lane-.  Carothers 
had  studied  law  under  his  direction  for  the  Bpace  of  two  years  after  they  had 
respectively  arrived  at  tic  age  of  twenty-one.  Com.  Ralph  Bowie,  Charles 
Smith  and  William  Brown. 


152  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

George  Metzgar  was  born  in  1782,  and  graduated  at  Dickinson  College  in 
1798.  He  studied  law  with  David  Watts  after  he  had  arrived  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
one,  and  was  admitted  in  March,  1805.  Afterward  he  served  as  prosecuting 
attorney,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  in  1813-14,  and  held  a  respect- 
able position  at  the  bar.  He  died  in  Carlisle  June  10,  1879.  He  was  the 
founder  of  the  Metzgar  Female  Institute  in  Carlisle. 

Andrew  Carothers  was  born  in  Silver  Spring,  Cumberland  County,  about 
1778.  He  learned  the  trade  of  a  cabinet-maker,  but  when  about  nine- 
teen years  of  age  his  father's  family  was  poisoned,  and  Andrew,  who  sur- 
vived, was  crippled  by  its  effects  in  his  hands  and  limbs  to  such  an  extent 
that  he  was  incapacitated  for  the  trade  which  he  had  chosen.  He  had  received 
but  the  education  of  the  country  school,  and  it  was  not  until  he  had  become 
unfitted  for  an  occupation  which  required  bodily  labor,  that  he  turned  his  at- 
tention to  the  law.  He  entered  the  office  of  David  Watts,  in  Carlisle,  and  after 
three  years'  study,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  December,  1805.  In  the  language 
of  Judge  Watts  ' '  He  became  an  excellent  practical  and  learned  lawyer,  and 
very  soon  took  a  high  place  at  the  bar  of  Cumberland  County,  which  at  that 
time  ranked  amongst  its  numbers  some  of  the  best  lawyers  of  the  State,  Watts, 
Duncan,  Alexander  and  Mahan  were  at  different  times  his  competitors,  and 
amongst  these  he  acquired  a  large  and  lucrative  practice,  which  continued 
through  his  whole  life.  Mr.  Carothers  was  remarkable  for  his  amiability  of 
temper,  his  purity  of  character,  his  unlimited  disposition  of  charity  and  his 
love  of  justice. ' ' 

On  all  public  occasions  and  in  courts  of  justice  his  addresses  were  delivered, 
by  reason  of  his  bodily  infirmity,  in  a  sitting  posture.  He  was  active  in  pro- 
moting the  general  interests  of  the  community,  and  was  for  years  one  of  the 
trustees  of  Dickinson  College.     He  died  July  26,  1836,  aged  fifty-eight  years. 

THE  BAR  UNDER  HAMILTON. 

Of  James  Hamilton,  who  appears  upon  the  bench  in  1806,  we  have  before 
spoken.  Watts  and  Duncan  were  still  leaders  of  the  bar  under  Judge  Hamilton. 
Mr.  Watts  came  to  the  bar  some  years  later  than  Thomas  Duncan,  but  both 
were  admitted  and  the  latter  had  practiced  under  the  judges  prior  to  the  con- 
stitution; but  froin  that  time,  1790,  both  practiced,  generally  as  opponents, 
and  were  leaders  at  the  bar  under  the  first  five  judges  who  presided  after  the 
constitution,  until  the  appointment  of  Duncan  to  the  supreme  bench  in  1S17. 
David  Watts  died  two  years  later. 

Judge  Hamilton  was  a  student,  but  lacked  self-confidence,  and  was  more 
inclined,  it  is  said,  to  take  what  he  was  told  ruled  the  case  than  to  trust  to  his 
own  judgment,  and  there  is  a  legend  to  the  effect  that  a  certain  act,  which  can 
be  found  in  the  pamphlet  laws  of  Pennsylvania,  1810,  p.  136,  forbidding  the 
reading  of  English  precedents  subsequent  to  1776,  was  passed  at  his  instance 
to  get  rid  of  the  multitudinous  authorities  with  which  Mr.  Duncan  was  wont 
to  confuse  his  judgment. 

Mr.  Watts  was  an  impassioned,  forcible  and  fluent  speaker.  He  was  a 
strong,  powerful  man.  Mr.  Duncan  was  a  small  and  delicate  looking  man. 
The  voice  of  Mr.  Watts  was  strong  and  rather  rough,  that  of  Mr.  Duncan  was 
weak  and  sometimes  shrill  in  pleading.  In  Mr.  Brackenridge' s  "Recollec- 
tions," he  speaks  of  attending  the  courts  in  Carlisle,  in  about  1807,  where 
there  were  two  very  able  lawyers,  Messrs.  Watts  and  Duncan.  ' '  The  former, ' ' 
says  he,  ' '  was  possessed  of  a  powerful  mind  and  was  the  most  vehement  speaker 
I  ever  heard.  He  seized  his  subject  with  a  herculean  grasp,  at  the  same  time 
throwing  his  herculean  body  and  limbs  into   attitudes  which  would  have  de- 


HISTORY  OF  CUMBBRLAND  COUNT! .  L5S 

lighted    a    painter  or  a   sculptor.       Ele  WB8  8   singular  instance    of   the  un 
•  strength  of  mind  with  bodily  powers  equally  wonderful. 
"Mr.  Duncan  was  one  of  the  best  lawyer-,  ami  advocates  I    have  ever  seen 
at  a  bar,  and  he  was,  perhaps,  the  besl   judge  thai  ever  sat  on  the  si 
bench  of  the  state.     He  was  a  verj  small  man.  with  a  large  but  well-formed 
head.     There  aever  was  a  lover  more  devoted  to  Ins  mistress  than  Mr.  Duncan 
was  t"  the  studj  of  law.     He  perused  Coke  upon  Littleton  as  a  recreation,  and 
read  more  books' of  reports  than  a  young  lady  reads  new  novels.     His  educa 

tion  had  not  |> i  verj  good,  ami  his  general  reading  was  not  remarkable.      I 

was  informed  that  he  read  frequently  the  plays  "f  Shakespeare,  ami  from  that 
Bouroe derived  that  uncommon  richness  and  variety  of  diction  by  which  he  was 
enabled  to  embellish  the  most  abstruse  subjects,  although  his  i 
occasionally  marked  bj  inacuracies,  even  violation  of  common  grammar  rules. 
Mr.  Duncan  reasoned  with  admirable  clearness  and  method  on  all  legal  sub- 
ject-, and  at  the  same  time  displayed  great   knowledge  of   human  nature  in  63 

animation  of  witnesses  and.  in  his  addresses  to  the  jury.  Mr.  Watts  selected 
merely  the  strong  points  of  his  case,  and  labored  them  with  an  earnestness  and 
zeal  approaching  to  fury;  and  perhaps  his  forcible  manner  sometimes  produced 
a  more  oertain  effect  than  that  of  the  subtle  and  wilej  advocate  opposed  to 
him." 

Amone;  the  attorneys  admitted  under  Hamilton  was  Isaac  Brown  Parker, 
March.  1806,  on  motion  of  Charles  Smith,  Esq.  Mr.  Parker  had  read  law  un 
der  -lames  Hamilton,  just  previous  to  the  time  of  his  appointment  to  the  I 
His  committee  was  Ralph  Bowie.  Charles  Smith  and  James  Duncan,  Esqrs. 
, Alexander  Mahan,  graduated  at  Dickinson  Colleire  in  lsn."i;  August,  lSt)8,read 
under  Thomas  Duncan:  committee  David  Watts.  John  B.  Gibson  and  Andrew 
Carothers,  Bsqrs    ...William  Ramsey  same  date,  instructor  and  committee. 

In  1809  William  Ramsey,  Democrat,  ran  for  sheriff  of  Cumberland 
County.  The  opposing  candidate  was  John  Carothers,  Federalist.  At  this 
time,  under  the  old  constitution  the  governor  appointed  one  of  the  two  having 
the  highest  number  of  votes.  Ramsey  had  the  highest  number  of  votes 
l>ut  Carothers  was  appointed  Gov.  Snyder  afterward  appointed  William  Ram- 
ithonotary,  which  office  he  held  for  many  years.  He  had  great  influence 
in  the  Democratic  party.  About  IM7  he  began  to  practice  his  profession  and 
enquired  a  very  large  practice.     He  died  in  1831. 

James  Hamilton.  Jr.,  was  the  son  of  Judge  Hamilton.  He  was  born  in 
Carlisle.  October  lb.  IT'.r.i.  He  graduated  at  Dickinson  College  in  1812.  He 
read  law  with  Isaac  B.  Parker,  who  was  an  uncle  by  marriage,  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  while  his  father  was  upon  the  bench  in  April.  1816.  He 
was,  from  1824  to  is;:;:,  a  trustee  "f  Dickinson  College.  For  several  years  Mr. 
Hamilton  followed  his  profession,  but  being  in  affluent  circumstances  he 
gradually  retired  from  active  practice.     He  died  in  Carlisle  June  '_':',,  lsTo. 

on,  was  for  many  years  a  member  of  our  bar.  Ho  was 
th.>  brother-in-law  of  Hon.  Samuel  Hepburn,  with  whom  he  was  for  a  long 
time  associated  lb-  was  born  in  Mifflin  Township.  Cumberland  County,  Sep 
tember  14,  1789,  and  graduated  at  Dickinson  College,  Carlisle,  in  1809.     He 

was  admitted  to  OUT  bar  at  the  AugUsi  term.  1811.  He  previously  read  law 
with  Luther  Martin,  of  Baltimore,  Md..  who  was  one  of  the  counsel  for  Aaron 
Bun-,  in  his  trial  for  high  treason,  at  Richmond  Va.  Luther  Martin,  the  "Fed- 
eral Bull  d >_'."  a-  he  wa-  called,  was  a  character  altogether  8Ut  gem  rig,  with  an 
unlimited  capacity  both  for  legal  lore  and  liquor.  In  the  former  respect  only 
his  pupil  -omewhat  (although  in  a  less  degree)  resembled  his  preceptor.  Mr. 
M  illiamson  seems  to  have  edingly  well  versed  in  law.  with  an  intimate 


156  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

knowledge  of  all  the  cases  and  distinctions,  but  the  very  depth  or  extensiveness 
of  his  learning  seemed  at  times  to  confuse  his  judgment.  He  saw  the  case  in  every 
possible  aspect  in  which  it  could  be  presented;  but  then  which  particular  phase 
should,  in  the  wise  dispensation  of  an  all-ruling  Providence,  happen  to  be  the 
law,  as  afterward  determined  by  the  court,  was  a  question  often  too  difficult  to 
decide.  His  aid  as  a  counselor  was  valuable,  and  as  such  he  was  frequently 
employed.      He  died  in  Philadelphia,  September  10,  1870. 

John  Duncan  Mahan  was  admitted  under  Hamilton  in  April,  1817.  He 
was  born  November  5,  1796;  graduated  at  Dickinson  College  in  1814,  and  im- 
mediately began  the  study  of  law  under  the  instruction  of  his  uncle,  Thomas 
Duncan.  He  became  a  leader  of  the  bar  of  Carlisle  at  a  brilliant  period,  un- 
til in  1833,  when  he  removed  to  Pittsburgh  and  became  a  prominent  member  of 
the  bar  of  that  city,  where  he  resided  until  his  death  July  3,  1861.  When 
Mr.  Mahan  was  admitted  to  the  bar  Watts  and  Duncan  were  at  the  zenith  of 
their  fame,  and  were  retained  in  all  great  cases  within  the  circuit  of  their  prac- 
tice. But  this  was  near  the  end  of  their  career,  as  competitors,  for  at  that 
very  time  Duncan  was  appointed  to  the  supreme  bench,  which  he  adorned 
during  his  life,  and  Watts  died  two  years  later.  Judge  Duncan  transferred 
his  whole  practice  to  his  then  young  student  and  nephew,  John  D.  Mahan  and 
his  eminent  success  justified  his  preceptor's  confidence.  His  first  step  was  into 
the  front  rank  of  the  profession. 

Mr.  Mahan  was  a  man  of  rare  endowments.  What  many  learned  by  study 
and  painful  investigation  he  seemed  to  grasp  intuitively.  He  had  the  gift,  the 
power  and  the  grace  of  the  orator,  and  in  addressing  the  passions,  the  sympa- 
thies, or  the  peculiarities  of  men  he  seldom  made  mistakes.  ' '  His  every  ges- 
ture," it  has  been  said  of  him,  "was  graceful,  his  style  of  eloquence  was  the 
proper  word  in  the  proper  place  for  the  occasion,  and  his  voice  was  music," 
He  was  affable  in  temper,  brilliant  in  conversation  and  was  among  the  leaders 
of  our  bar,  under  Hamilton,  Smith  and  Keed,  at  a  time  when  it  had  strong 
men,  by  whom  his  strength  was  tested  and  his  talents  tried. 

A  writer  speaking  from  his  recollections  of  the  bar  at  about  this  period, 
says:  "John  D.  Mahan  was  its  bright,  particular  star;  young,  graceful,  elo- 
quent, and  with  a  jury  irresistible.  Equal  to  him  in  general  ability,  and  su- 
perior, perhaps,  in  legal  acumen,  was  his  contemporary  and  rival,  Samuel 
Alexander.  Then  there  was  the  vehement  Andrew  Carothers  and  young  Fred- 
erick WTatts,  just  admitted  in  time  to  reap  the  advantages  of  his  father' s  repu- 
tation and  create  an  enduring  one  of  his  own.  And  George  Metzgar,  with  his 
treble  voice  and  hand  on  his  side,  amusing  the  court  and  spectators  with  his 
not  overly  delicate  facetiae.  And  there  was  "  Billy  Ramsey  with  his  queue," 
a  man  of  many  clients,  and  the  sine  qua  non  of  the  Democratic  party. 

Hon.  Charles  Smith  was  appointed  to  succeed  Hamilton  as  the  fifth  presi- 
dent judge  of  our  judicial  district,  in  the  year  1819.  Mr.  Charles  Smith 
was  born  at  Philadelphia,  March  4,  1765.  He  received  his  degree  B.  A.  at 
the  first  commencement  of  Washington  College,  Charleston,  Md.,  March  14, 
1783.  His  father,  William  Smith,  D.  D.,  was  the  founder,  and  at  that  time 
the  provost  of  that  institution.  Charles  Smith  commenced  the  study  of  the 
law  with  his  elder  brother,  William  Moore  Smith,  who  then  resided  at  Easton, 
Penn.  After  his  admission  to  the  bar  he  opened  his  office  in  Sunbury,  North- 
umberland County,  where  his  industry  and  rising  talents  soon  procured  for 
him  a  large  practice.  He  was  elected  delegate,  with  his  colleague,  Simon 
Snyder,  to  the  convention  which  framed  the  first  constitution  for  the  State  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  looked  on  as  a  very  distinguished  member  of  that  tal- 
ented body  of  men.      Although   differing  in  the  politics  of  that  day  from  his- 


UlSToHY  <ik  CUMBERLAND  OOUNTx*.  151 

oolleague,  yet  Mr.  Snyder  for  more  than  thirty  years  afterward  remained  the 
firm  Eriend  of  Mr.  Smith,  and  when  the  former  became  the  governor  of  the 
State  for  three  successive  terms  it  i-  well  known  thai  Mr.  Smith  w;is  his i 

tidential  adviser  in  many  important  matters.      Mr.   Smith  was  married    in   1719 

to  a  daughter  of  Jasper  S  of  the  supreme  courl   judges  of  the  State, 

and  bood  removed  from  Sunburj  to  Lancaster,  where  Judge  xeatea  resided. 
Under  the  old  circuit  oouii  system  it  was  customary  for  most  of  the  die 
tinguished  country    lawyers  to  travel  over  the  northern  and  western    parts  of 

the  State  with  tin'    judges,  ami    henee    Mr.    Smith,  in    pursuing  this   practice, 

soon  became  associated  with  such  eminent  men  as  Thomas  Duncan,  David 
Watts.  Charles  Ball,  John  Woods,   -lames  Hamilton,  ami  a  host  of  luminaries 

of  the  middle  l.ar.  'The  settlement  of  land  titles,  at  that  period,  became  of 
vast  importance  to  the  people  of  the  State,  and  the  foundation  of  the  law   with 

regard  to  settlement  rights,  the  rights  of  warrantees,  the  doctrine  of  surveys, 

ami  the  proper  construction  of  lines  ami  cornels,  hail  to  lie  laid.  In  the  trial 
of  ejectment  cases  the  learning  of  the  l.ar  was  best  displayed,  and  Mr.  Smith 
was  soon  looked  on  a-- an  eminent  land  lawyer.  In  after  years,  when  called 
on  to  revise  the  old  publications  of  the  laws  of  the  State,  and  under  the  au- 
thority of  the  Legislature  to  frame  a  new  compilation  of  the  same  (generally 
known  as  Smith's  Laws  of  Pennsylvania)  hi'  gave  to  the  public  the  result  of 
his  knowledge  and  experience  on  the  subject  of  land  law.  in  the  ver\  copious 
that  subject,  which  may  well  lie  termed  a  treatise  on  the  land  laws  of 
Pennsylvania  In  the  same  work  his  note  on  the  criminal  law  of  the  State  is 
elaborate  and  instructive.  Mr.  Smith  was,  in  1819,  appointed  president  judge 
of  the  district,  comprising  the  counties  of  Cumberland  and  Franklin,  where 
his  official  learning  ami  judgment,  and  his  habitual  industry,  rendered  him  a 
Useful  and  highly  popular  judge. 

On  the  erection  of  the  District  Court  of  Lancaster  he  became  the  first  pre 
siding  judge,  which  office   he  held   for    several  years.       He  finally  removed    to 
Philadelphia,  where  he  -pent  the  last  years  of  his  life,  and  died  in  that  city  in 
L840,  in  the  seventy- fifth  year  of  his  age. 

Hon.  John  Reed.  LL.D..  appeared  upon  the  bench  in  1820.  Judge  Heed 
en  in  what  was  then  York,  now  Adams  County,  in  1786.  He  was  the 
son  of  Gen.  "William  Reed,  of  Revolutionary  fame.  He  read  law  under  Will- 
iam Maxwell,  of  Gettysburg.  In  1809  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  com- 
ineticed  the  practice  of  law  in  Westmoreland  County.  In  the  two  last  years 
of  hi-  pi  r  he  performed  the  duties  of  deputy  attorney-general. 

In    L815  Mr.    Reed  was  elected  to   the    State  Senate,   and    on    the     loth    of   July 

Is'-.'11.     he   was   commissi d    bj    Gov.    Finley   president    judge  of    the   Ninth 

Judicial  District,  then  composed  of  the  counties  of  Cumberland,  Adams  and 

Perry.  When,  in  1839,  DJ  a  change  in  the  constitution,  his  commission  expired, 
he  resumed  hi-  practice  at  the  bar,  and  continued  it  until  his  death  which 
occurred  in  Carlisle,  on  the  19th  of  January,  1850,  when  he  was  in  the  six- 
ty-fourth year  of  his  age.  h,  1839  the  decree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred  upon 
him  by  Washington  College,  Pennsylvania  In  1^'.:'.  the  new  board  of  trustees 
of  Dickinson  College  formed  a  professorship  of  law.  and  Judge  Reed  was 
elected  professor  of  that  department.  The  instructions  consisted  of  lectures, 
and  of  a  moot  court  of  law,  where  legal  questions  wen-  discussed,  cases  tried, 
and  where  the  [.leadings  were  drawn  up  in  full — Reed  being  the  stiprem. 
After  a  full  course  of  study,  this  department  conferred  the  decree  of  LL.B. 
Many  were  admitted  to  the  bar  during  this  period,  most  of  whom  practiced 
elsewhere,     and     many    of    whom    afterward    became    eminent    in    then     pro 


158  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

THE  BAE    UNDER    JUDGE  HEED. 

At  this  period,  and  later,  the  bar  was  particularly  strong.  Of  the  old 
veterans,  David  Watts  was  dead,  and  Duncan  was  upon  the  supreme  bench. 
But  among  the  practitioners  of  the  time  were  such  men  as  Carothers,  Alexander, 
Mahan,  Ramsey,  Williamson,  Metzgar,  Lyon,  William  Irvine,  William  H. 
Brackenridge  and  Isaac  Brown  Parker;  while  among  those  admitted,  and  who 
were  afterward  to  attain  eminence  on  the  bench  or  at  the  bar,  were  such  men 
as  Charles  B.  Penrose,  Hugh  Gaullagher,  Frederick  Watts,  William  M.  Biddle, 
James  H.  Graham,  Samuel  Hepburn,  William  Sterritt  Ramsey,  S.  Dunlap  Adair 
and  John  Brown  Parker — a  galaxy  of  names  such  as  has  not  since  been  equaled. 
Gen.  Samuel  Alexander  was  practicing  at  our  bar  in  1820,  when  Judge 
Reed  took  the  bench.  He  was  the  youngest  son  of  Col.  John  Alexander,  a 
Revolutionary  officer,  and  was  born  in  Carlisle  September  20,  1792.  He 
graduated  at  Dickinson  College  in  1812,  after  which  he  read  law  in  Greens- 
buro'  with  his  brother,  Maj.  John  B.  Alexander,  and  became  a  prominent  law- 
yer in  that  part  of  the  State.  He  afterward  returned  to  Carlisle,  and  by  the 
advice  of  Judge  Duncan  and  David  Watts  was  induced  to  become  a  member  of 
our  bar,  at  which  he  soon  acquired  a  prominent  position.  In  1820  he  married 
a  daughter  of  Col.  Ephraim  Blaine,  but  left  no  sons  to  perpetuate  his  name. 

As  an  advocate  Mr.  Alexander  had  but  few,  if  any,  superiors  at  the  bar. 
In  the  early  part  of  his  career  he  was  a  diligent  student  and  was  in  the  habit 
of  carefully  digesting  most  of  the  reported  cases.  In  addition  to  this  he  was 
possessed  of  a  tenacious  memory  and  seemed  never  to  forget  a  case  he  had 
once  read.  He  was  always  fully  identified  with  the  cause  of  his  client,  and 
possessed  that  thorough  onesidedness  so  necessary  to  the  successful  advocate. 
He  possessed  also  great  tact  and  an  intuitive  quickness  of  perception.  In 
the  management  of  a  case  he  was  apt,  watchful  and  ingenious.  If  driven 
from  one  position,  like  a  skillful  general  he  was  always  quick  to  seize  another. 
In  this  respect  his  talents,  it  is  said,  only  brightened  amid  difficulties,  and 
shone  forth  only  the  more  resplendent  as  the  battle  became  more  hopeless. 
Nor  was  oratory,  the  crowning  grace  and  the  most  necessary  accomplishment 
of  the  advocate,  wanting.  He  was  a  forcible  speaker,  with  a  large  command 
of  language,  and  with  the  happy  faculty  of  nearly  always  finding  the  right 
•word  for  the  right  place.  His  diction  was  choice,  and  in  his  matter,  although 
sometimes  diffusive,  in  his  manner  he  was  always  bold,  vigorous  and  aggres- 
sive. He  had  the  power  of  sarcasm,  was  often  ironical,  and  was  a  master  in 
personal  invective.  In  this  he  had  no  equal  at  the  bar.  In  the  examination 
of  witnesses,  also,  he  had  no  superior. 

Mr.  Alexander  had  a  natural  inclination  for  mechanics,  and  was  passion- 
ately fond  of  anything  pertaining  to  military  life.  He  was  for  years  at  the 
head  of  a  volunteer  regiment  of  the  county.  He  cared  for  this,  strange  as  it 
may,  appear,  more  than  for  his  profession,  which,  toward  the  close  of  his  life, 
seems  to  have  become  distasteful  to  him;  at  least  with  his  abilities  unim- 
paired, he  appeared  but  seldom  in  the  trial  of  a  cause.  He  died  in  Carlisle 
in  July,  1845,  aged  fifty-two. 

Hu°h  Gaullagher,  a  practitioner  at  the  bar  under  Reed,  studied  law  with 
Hon  Richard  Coulter  of  Greensburg,  and  shortly  after  his  admission  com- 
menced the  practice  of  law  in  Carlisle.  This  was  about  1824,  from  which  time 
he  continued  to  practice  until  about  the  middle  of  the  century. 

He  was  eccentric,  long  limbed,  awkward  in  his  gait,  and  in  his  delivery 
with  an  Irish  brogue,  but  he  was  well-read,  particularly  in  history  and  in  the 
elements  of  his  profession.  He  was  an  affable  man,  an  instructive  companion, 
fond  of  conversation,  with  inherent  humor  and  a  love  of  fun,  and  was  popular 


BIST0R1   OF  CUMBERLAND  COI  NT1  159 

La  the  oirole  of  his  friends,  of  whom  he  had  many.     He  was  among  the  onm 
ber  of  tli"  old  lawyers  of  our  bar  who  were  fond  of  a  dinner  and  a  Bong,   how- 
ravely  they  appear  apon  the  page  of  history. 

At  the  bar  his  position  was  more  thai  of  a  counselor  than  of  an  advc 
He  was  fond  of  the  old  cases  and  would  rather  read  an  opinion  of  mj    Lord 
Mansfield,  or  Hair,  or  Coke,  than  the  latest  delivered  by  our  own  judges,  "not 
that  he  disregarded  the  latter,  but  because  be  reverenced  the  former." 

He  is  well  remembered,  often  in  connection  with   anecdotes,  and 
quently  spoken  of  bj  survivors  as  any  man  who  practiced  at   our  bar  so  long 
ago.     He  died  April  1  I.  1856. 

llmi.  Charles  B.  Penrose wa  iladelphia  October  6,  1798.     He 

read  law  with  Samuel  Ewing,  Esq.,  in  Philadelphia,  ami  immediately  moved 
to  Carlisle.     He  bood   acquired  a    prominent    position    at   tin1   bar.     He  was 

to  the  State  Senate  in  L833,  ami  at  the  expiration  of  his  term  . 
elected.     In  this  capacity  be  achieved  distinct] ven  among  tin-  men  of  abil- 
ity who  were  then  chosen  for  this  office,      In  IM1  he  was  appointed  by   Presi- 
dent Harrison,  solicitor  of  the  treasury,  which  position  he  held  until   the  close 
dent  Tyler's  administration.     After  practicing  in  Carlisle  he 

first  to  Lancaster,    then  to  Philadelphia,   in  both  places  successfully  | ° 

his  profession  In  1856  he  was  again  elected  as  a  reform  candidate  to  the 
State  Senate,  during  which  term  he  died  of  pneumonia  at  Harrisburg,  April 
8,  1857. 

William  M.  Biddle  wa-  admitted  under  Reed  in  1826.  He  was  born  in- 
Philadelphia  July  :i.  1801,  and  died  of  heart  disease  in  that  city,  where  he  had 
gone  to  place  himself  under  the  care  of  physicians,  on  the  28th  of  Febru- 
ary, 1855.  lie  was  the  great  great-grandson  of  Nicholas  Scull,  surveyor  gen- 
eral of  Pennsylvania  from  1748  to  1761,  who,  bj  direction  of  Gov.  Hamilton, 
hud  out  the  borough  of  C  rlisle  in  L751.  Mr.  Biddle  was  originally  destined 
for  mercantile  pursuits,  but  the  death  of  his  cousin,  Henry  Sergeant,  an  Bast 
India  trader,  who  had  promised  him  a  partnership  in  business,  put  an  end  to 
these  plans  and  hi-  attention  was  turned  to  the  law.  He  went  to  1  trading.  l'enn., 
and  studied  with  his  brother-in-law,  Samuel  Baird,  Esq.  In  L826,  shortly  af- 
ter his  admission  to  the  bar,  he  moved  to  Carlisle,  induced  fco  do  bo  bj  the  ad 
vice  of  his  brother-in-law,  Charles  B.  Penrose,  Esq.,  who  had  recently  opened 
a  law  office  there,  ai  nl  was  then  rising  into  a  good  practice,  Loi  ated  in  Carlisle  he 
soon  acquired  a  large  business  and  soon  took  a  high  position  at  the  bar,  which 
he  retained  to  the  daj  of  his  death,  a  period  of  twentj  ah 

Mr.  Biddle  was  an  able  lawyer  and  had  a  Keen  perception  of  the  principles 
of  law,  which,  when  understood,  reduce ii  Hewas  endowed  with 

a  large  fund  of  wit,  in  addition  to  which  I  I   mimic,  and 

often  indulged  in  these  power.-,  in  his  addresses  to  the  jury.      He  was  n 
large  man.  of  fine  personal  presence,  great  affability,  endowed  with  quick  wit 
and  high  moral  and  intellectual  qualities  which  made  him  a  leader  at  I 
at  a  time  when  many  brilliant  men  were  among  its  members. 

Edward  M.  Biddle  was  born  in  Philadelphia:  I  at  Princeton 

College,  and  then  removed  to  Carlisle,  where  he  studied  law   under  hi-  broth- 
er-in-law, Hon.  Chas   B.  Penrose,  and  in  1830  was  admitted  to  practice  in  the 
:1  courts  of  Cumberland  County. 

Hon.  Charles  McClurewas  admitted  to  the  barundi  1826. 

He  was  born  in  Carlisle,  graduated  at    Dickinson  College,  and  afterward  he- 
came  a  member  of  Congress,  and  -till   later.  1843    l\  secretary  of  state  of 
Pennsylvania.     He  was  a  son-in-law  of  Chief  Justice  Gibson.    He  did  w 
Idee  extensively  at  the  bar.     Hm  removed  I  lied  in  1846. 


160  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

Hon.  William  Sterritt  Ramsey,  one  of  the  most  promising  members  of  the 
bar  admitted  under  Reed,  was  bom  in  Carlisle  June  16,  1810.  He  entered 
Dickinson  College  in  the  autumn  of  1826,  where  he  remained  three  years. 
In  the  summer  of  1829  he  was  sent  to  Europe  to  complete  his  education  and  to 
restore,  by  active  travel  and  change  of  scene,  health  to  an  already  debilitated 
constitution.  The  same  year  he  was  appointed  (by  our  minister  to  the  court  of 
St.  James,  Hon.  Lewis  McClane)  an  attache  to  the  American  Legation.  He 
pursued  his  legal  studies,  visited  the  courts  of  Westminister,  and  the  author 
of  Waverly  at  Abbottsford,  to  whom  he  bore  letters  from  Washington  Irving. 
After  the  Revolution  of  three  days  in  July,  1830,  he  was  sent  with  dispatches  to 
France,  and  spent  much  of  his  time,  while  there,  at  the  hotel  of  Gen.  Lafayette. 
In  1831  he  returned  to  America  and  began  the  study  of  law  under  his  father. 
In  the  month  of  September  of  this  year  his  father  died.  He  continued  to  study 
under  Andrew  Carothers,  and  in  1833  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Cumberland 
County. 

In  1838  he  was  elected  a  member  of  Congress  by  the  Democratic  party, 
and  at  the  expiration  of  his  term  was  re-elected.  He  was  at  this  time  the 
youngest  member  of  Congress  in  the  House.  He  died,  before  being  qualified 
a  second  time,  by  his  own  hand  in  Barnum's  Hotel,  Baltimore,  October  22, 
1840,  aged  only  thirty  years.  An  eloquent  obituary  notice  was  written  on  the 
occasion  of  his  death  by  his  friend,  Hon.  James  Buchanan,  afterward  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States,  from  which  some  of  the  above  facts  are  taken. 

S.  Dunlap  Adair  was  admitted  under  Reed  in  January,  1835.  For  fifteen 
years  he  was  a  practitioner  at  the  bar.  He  was  born  March  26,  1810.  While 
a  youth  he  attended  the  classical  school  of  Joseph  Casey,  Sr. ,  the  father  of 
Hon.  Joseph  Casey,  in  Newville,  and  was  among  the  brightest  of  his  pupils. 
He  was  apt  in  acquiring  knowledge  and  particularly  in  the  facility  of  acquiring 
languages.  He  became  a  good  Latin  scholar,  and,  after  his  admission  to  the 
bar,  made  himself  acquainted  with  the  German,  French  and  Italian  languages. 
He  was  well  read  in  English  literature,  and  although  not  a  graduate  of  any 
college,  his  attainments  were  as  varied  as  those  of  any  member  of  the  bar. 
He  studied  law  under  Hon.  Frederick  Watts ,  and  soon  after  his  admission  was 
appointed  deputy  attorney- general  for  the  county.  He  was  a  candidate  of 
his  party  in  the  district  for  Congress  when  William  Ramsey,  the  younger,  was 
elected.  He  had  a  chaste,  clear  style,  and  was  a  pleasant  speaker.  In  stature 
he  was  below  the  medium  height,  delicately  formed,  near-sighted,  and  whether 
sitting  or  standing  had  a  tendency  to  lean  forward.  He  was  of  sanguine 
temperament,  had  auburn  hair  and  a  high  forehead.  He  died  of  bronchial 
consumption  in  Carlisle,  September  23,  1850. 

John  Brown  Parker,  Esq.,  was  born  in  Carlisle  October  5,  1816.  He  grad- 
uated at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  at  Philadelphia,  in  1S3-4.  He  read 
law  with  Hon.  Frederick  Watts  for  the  period  of  one  year,  completing  his 
course  of  study  in  the  law  school  under  Judge  Reed,  and  was  admitted  to  prac- 
tice in  April,  1838.  He  was  for  a  time  associated  with  his  preceptor,  Hon. 
Frederick  Watts.  He  retired  from  practice  in  1865,  and  moved  to  Philadel- 
phia, where  he  resided  for  some  years. 

Capt.  William  M.  Porter  was"  born  in  Carlisle,  this  county,  in  1808;  read 
law  under  Samuel  A.  McCoskry,  and  was  admitted  to  the  Carlisle  bar  in  1835. 
He  died  in  1873. 

In  1827  John  Bannister  Gibson,  LL.D.,  was  appointed  chief  justice  of 
Pennsylvania. 

He  was  born  on  the  Sth  of  November,  1780,  in  Sherman's  Valley,  then 
Cumberland,  now  Perry,  County,  Pennsylvania.      He  was  of  Scotch-Irish  de- 


BI8T0BT  OF  CUMBBBLAND  COUNTY.  L61 

Bosnt,  and  the  son  of  Col.  George  Gibson,  who  was  killed  at  the  defeat  of  St. 

Clair  in  1791.     In  1795  young  Gibson  studied  in  the  preparatory   school  < 

aeeted  with  D  allege,  and  subsequently  in  the  collegiate  department, 

when  that  institution  was  undet  Dr,  Nesbitt,  graduating  al   the  age  of  eighl 
een,  in  the  class  of  L798. 

During  this  period  he  was  in  the  habil  of  fn»ijm.»iitiiij^  the  office  of  Dr.  Mo- 
Ooekry  -one  of  the  oldest  practitioners  of  medicine  in  the  place  and  there 
acquired  a  taste  for  the  stud)  of  physio,  which  he  cover  lost. 

On  the  completion  of  his  collegiate  course,  he  entered  on  the  study  of  law 
in  Carlisle  in  the  office  of  hi-  kinsman.  Thomas  Duncan,  with  whom  he  was  af 
terward  to  occupy  a  scat  on  the  bench  of  the  Bupreme  court.  He  was  admit- 
ted to  the  bar  of  Cumberland  County  in  March,  L803. 

Ho  iirst  opened  liis  office  in  Carlisle,  thru  removed    to   Beaver,   then    to 
town,  but  shortly  afterward  returned  to  Carlisle.     This  was  in   lso,~>, 
and  at  this  poinl  is  the  beginning  of  a  remarkable  career. 

Prom  Lo05  to  L812  Mr.  Gibson  seems  to  have  had  a  reasonable  share  i>f 
the  legal  practice  in  Cumberland  County,  particularly  when  we  consider  that 
the  field  was  occupied  by  such  men  as  Duncan.  Watts,  Bowie  of  York,  and 
Smith  of  Lancaster,  who.  at  the  time  of  which  we  speak,  had  l>ut  few  equals 
in  tlie  State.  Nevertheless  it  may  well  be  doubted  whether  his  qualifications 
were  of  such  a  character  a-  would  ever  have  fitted  him  to  attain  high  eminence 
at  the  bar,  His  reputation,  at  this  period,  was  not  that  of  diligence  in  his  pro 
.  ami  it  is  quite  probable  that,  at  this  time,  he  had  no  great  liking  for 
it.  In  fact,  at  this  period,  of  his  life  Mr.  Gibson  seems  to  have  been  known 
rather  as  aline  musical  connoisseur  and  art  critic  than  as  a  successful  lawyer. 
He  was  a  good  draughtsman. a  judge  of  fine  paintings,  and  a  votary  of  the  violin. 

La  1810  Mr.  Gibson  was  elected  liy  the  Democratic  party  of  Cumberland 
County  to  the  House  of  Representatives,  and  after  the  expiration  of  his  term, 
in  L812,  he  was  appointed  president  judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas  for 
the  Eleventh  Judicial  District,  composed  of  the  counties  of  Tioga.  Bradford, 
Susquehanna  and  Luzerne. 

Justice  Gibson's  personal  appearance  at  this  time  is  within  the  recollection 

of  men  who  are  still  living.      He  was  a  man  of  large  proportions,  a  giant  both 

in  physique  and  intellect.     He  was  considerably  over  six  feet  in  height,    with 

ilar.  well  proportioned  frame,  indicative  of  strength  and  energy,  and 

a  countenance  expressing  Btrong  character  and  manly   beauty. 

"His  face."  says  David  Paul  Brown,    ''was  full  of  intellect  and  bet 
lence,  and.  of  course,  eminently  handsome:  his  manners  were  remarkable  for 
their  simplicity,  warmth,  frankness  and  generosity.     There  never  was  a  man 
more  free  from  affectation  or  pretension  of  everj  -oil." 

Until  the  day  of  his  death,  says   Porter,    "although  his  bearing  was  mild 
and  unostentatious,  so  striking  was  his  personal  appearance  that    few   p 
to  whom  he  was  unknown  could  have  passed  him  In- in  tin-  street   without   re 
mark." 

Upon  the  death  of  Judge  Brackenridge  in  1816,  Judge  Gibson  was  ap- 
pointed by  Gov.  Snyder  \  tice  of  the  Supreme  Court,  where, 
as  it  has  been  said,  if  Tilghman  was  the  Nestor,  Gibson  became  the  Ulysses  of 
the  bench. 

This  appointment  of  Gibson  to  the  bench  of  the  supreme  court  seems  first 
to  have  awakened  his  intellect  and  stimulated  his  ambition,      lb'  partly  with- 
drew himself  from  his  former  associates,  and  was  thus  delivered  from 
on-  temptations  to  indolence  and  dissipation     He  became  more  devoted  to 
study,  and  for  the  lir»t  time  perhaps    in   his   life   he  seems   to   have   formed   a 


162  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

resolution  to  make  himself  master  of  the  law  as  a  science.  Coke  particularly 
seems  to  have  been  his  favorite  author,  and  his  quaint,  forcible  and  condensed 
style,  together  with  the  severity  of  his  logic  seem  to  have  had  no  small  in- 
fluence in  the  development  of  Gibson's  mind,  and  in  implanting  there  the 
seeds  of  that  love  for  the  English  common  law,  which  was  afterward  every- 
where so  conspicuous  in  his  writings. 

It  is  pertinent  here  to  remark  that  Judge  Gibson,  like  Coke  and  Blackstone, 
seems  never  to  have  had  any  fondness  for  the  civil  law.  Whether  this 
was  on  account  of  the  purely  Anglo-Saxon  of  his  mind,  or  on  account  of  a  want 
of  opportunity  in  the  means  through  which  to  become  thoroughly  acquainted 
with  the  most  beautiful  and  symmetrical  system  of  law  which  the  world  has 
ever  known,  we  can  not  say,  but  certain  it  is  that  he  seems  to  have  cast  ever 
and  anon  a  suspicious  glance  at  the  efforts  of  a  judge  story,  and  writers  of  that 
school  to  infuse  its  principles  in  a  still  greater  degree  into  our  common  law. 
"We  need  but  refer  to  the  opinions  delivered  in  Dyle  vs.  Richards,  9  Sergeant 
and  Itawle,  322,  and  in  Logan  vs.  Mason,  6  Watts  and  Sergeant  9,  in  proof  of 
the  existence  of  these  views  in  the  mind  of  their  author. 

In  an  old  number  of  the  ' '  American  Law  Register ' '  there  is  a  review  of 
Mr.  Troubat's  work  on  limited  partnership  by  Gibson.  It  was  the  last  essay 
he  ever  wrote,  and  in  it  he  says :  ' '  The  writer  of  this  article  is  not  a  champion 
of  the  civil  law;  nor  does  he  profess  to  have  more  than  a  superficial  knowledge 
of  it.  He  was  bred  in  the  school  of  Littleton  and  Coke,  and  he  would  be 
sorry  to  see  any  but  common  law  doctrines  taught  in  it. "  But  here  Gibson  is 
speaking  of  the  English  law  of  real  property,  and  he  afterward  says  ' '  The 
English  law  merchant,  an  imperishable  monument  to  Lord  Mansfield's  fame, 
shows  what  a  magnificent  structure  may  be  raised  upon  it  where  the  ground  is 
not  preoccupied. 

Hitherto  the  bench  of  the  supreme  court  had  consisted  of  but  three  judges, 
but  under  the  act  of  April  8,  1S26,  the  number  was  increased  to  five.  But  little 
more  than  one  year  elapsed  before  the  death  of  Chief  Justice  Tilghman.  Gib- 
son was  his  successor.  He  received  his  commission  on  the  18th  of  May,  L827, 
and  from  this  time  forward  the  gradual  and  uniform  progress  of  his  mind, 
says  Col.  Porter,  "  may  be  traced  in  his  opinions  with  a  certainty  and  satisfac- 
tion which  are  perhaps  not  offered  in  the  case  of  any  other  judge  known  to  our 
annals.  His  original  style,  compared  to  that  in  which  he  now  began  to  write, 
was  like  the  sinews  of  a  growing  lad  compared  to  the  well-knit  muscles  of  a 
man.  No  one  who  has  carefully  studied  his  opinions  can  have  failed  to  re- 
mark the  increased  power  and  pith  which  distinguished  them  from  this  time 
forward. ' '  In  the  language  of  Hon.  Thaddeus  Stevens  ' '  he  lived  to  an  advanced 
age,  his  knowledge  increasing  with  increasing  years,  while  his  great  intellect 
remained  unimpaired. ' ' 

From  1827  he  remained  as  the  chief  upon  the  bench,  until  1851,  when 
by  a  change  in  the  constitution  the  judiciary  became  elective,  and  was  elected 
the  same  year  an  associate  justice  of  the  court,  being  the  only  one  of  the  for- 
mer incumbents  returned.  But  although  ' :  nominally  superseded  by  another 
as  the  head  of  the  court,  his  great  learning,  venerable  character  and  over  shad- 
owing reputation  still  made  him,"  in  the  language  of  his  successor,  Judge 
Black,   ' '  the  only  chief  whom  the  hearts  of  the  people  would  know. 

' '  His  accomplishments  were  very  extraordinary.  He  was  born  a  musician, 
and  the  natural  talent  was  highly  cultivated.  He  was  a  connoisseur  in  paint- 
ing and  sculpture.  The  whole  round  of  English  literature  was  familiar  to 
him.*     He  was  at  home  among  the  ancient  classics.  He 

l  it  stilted,  in  the  British  classics,  fcmd  of  English  drama,  and  familiar  with 


HISTORY  OF  CI  tlBBBLAND  COl  HTT.  L65 

ha<l  studied  medioine  in  hi^  youth  and  understood  it  well.  His  mind  absorbed 
all  kiiuls  .if  knowledge  with  scarcely  an  effort"* 

In  regard  to  his  mental   habits,  be  was  a  deep  -indent,  but  nol  a  close 

stu.l. 'lit  :  he  worked  mosi  effectively,  bul  he  worked  reluctantly.     The  t mr 

rent  teetimonj  of  all  who  knew  him  is  thai  he  Beldom  or  never  wrote,  except 
when  under  die  pressure  of  necessity,  but  when  he  once  brought  the  powers 
of  his  mind  to  a  focus  and  took  up  the  pen,  he  tnuouslj  and 

out  erasure.  When  he  once  began  to  write  an  opinion  he  verj  rarely  laid  it 
iisi.lt'  until  it  was  completed  This,  with  the  broad  grasp  with  which  he  took 
liol.l  of  his  subject,  ha-  given  to  his  opinions  ,-i  consistency  and  unity  otherwise 
difficult  to  have  attained  He  bsw  a  case  in  all  it-  varied  relations,  and  the 
principles  bj  which  it  was  rather  bj  the  intuitive  insight  of  genius, 

than  as  the  result  of  labor. 

These  opinions  very  Beldom  give  a  history  of  decided  cases,  but  invariably 
put  the  decision  upon  some  leading  principle  of  law  referring  to  but  few 
oases,  by  way  of  illustration,  or  to  show-  exception-  to  the  rule  He  was  emi- 
nently self-reliant.  He  appeared  at  a  time  when  the  law  of  our  common- 
wealth was  in  process  of  formation,  and  in  its  development  hi-  formulating 
power  has  been  felt. 

Of  his  style  much  has  been  -ai.l.  Said  Stevens  "  I  do  not  know  by  whom 
it  has  been  surpassed."  It  i-  a  judicial  style,  at  once  compact,  technical 
and  exact  His  writing  can  be  made  to  convej  just  what  he  means  to  express 
and  nothing  more.  His  meaning  is  not  always  upon  the  surface,  but  when 
it  is  perceived  it  i-  certain  and  without  ambiguity.  fit  ma\  be  interesting  to 
state  that  Chief  Justice  Gibson  often  thought  out  his  opinion- while  he  was 
playing  upon  the  violin.     Whi  ;ht  came  to  him   he  would  laj    down 

Li-  instrument  and  write.  A-  to  hi-  accuracy  of  language,  he  was  in  the  habit 
of  carrying  with  him  a  book  of  synonyms.     These  facts  havi  d  to  the 

writer  by  his  son,  Col.  George  Gibson,  of  the  I  oited  States  Army.] 

It  has  been  said  that  one  "could  pick  out  his  opinions  from  others  like  gold 
coin  from  among  copper."  He  was,  for  more  than  half  his  life,  a  chief  or 
associate  justice  on  the  bench,  and  hi-  opinion-  extend  through  no  less  than 
seventy  volume-  of  our  reports"}"— an  imperishable  monument  to  his  memory. 

Chief   Justice   Gibson   died   in   Philadelphia    Ma;.    3,    1853,   in   the    -.■ 
third  year  of  his  age.      He  was  burii  afterward  in  Carlisle. 

In  the  old  graveyard,  upon  the  tall  marble  -haft  which  wa-  erected  over 
hi.-  tomb,  we  read   the  following  aiption    from  the  pen  of  Chief 

Justice  Jeremiah  S.  Black  : 

In  the  variou-  knowledge 
Which  forms  the  pi  rfecl  B<  BOLAR 
lie  had  an  superior. 
it,  upright  and 
Be  had  all  the  highest  qualities  of  a  great  M  DGE. 
In  tin-  .liili 

II.-  mastered  ever]  1 1 

-id  almost  ''mtv  question,  and 
Touched  no  subject  which  he  iii.l  not  adorn. 
d  iii  early  manhood, 
And  retained  to  the  close  of  a  long  life, 

Tile  AFFECTION  of  his  Drel 

Th-  i  lie  Bat 

And  iii.  ,  otn 1 1 > i  ■  ople. 

II     :     John  Kennedy,  who  had  studied    under  the   elder   Hrimili 
been  admitted  to  our  bar  under  Kiddle  in    L798,  was  appointed  to  thi 

Ue  Black's  Eulogy  °n  <  iibson. 

-  serge»ut  and  Kawlc  to  7  Harris. 


166  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

of  the  supreme  court  in  1830.  He  was  bom  in  Cumberland  County  in  June, 
1774;  graduated  at  Dickinson  College  in  1795,  and  after  his  admission  to  the 
bar,  removed  to  a  northern  circuit,  where  he  became  the  compeer  of  men  like 
James  Ross,  John  Lyon,  Parker  Campbell,  and  others  scarcely  less  dis- 
tinguished. He  afterward  removed  to  Pittsburgh,  where  his  high  reputation 
as  a  lawyer  at  once  introduced  him  to  a  lucrative  practice.  From  1830  he 
remained  upon  the  bench  until  his  death,  August  26,  1840.  His  opinions, 
extending  through  twenty-seven  volumes  of  reports,  are  distinguished  by  lucid 
argumentation  and  laborious  research.  Judge  Gibson,  who  had  known  him 
from  boyhood,  and  who  sat  with  him  upon  the  bench  for  a  period  of  over  fifteen 
years,  said:  "His  judicial  labors  were  his  recreations.  He  clung  to  the  com- 
mon law  as  a  child  to  its  nurse,  and  how  much  he  drew  from  it  may  be  seen  in 
his  opinions,  which,  by  their  elaborate  minuteness,  remind  us  of  the  over- 
fullness  of  Lord  Coke.  Patient  in  investigation  and  slow  in  judgment,  he 
seldom  changed  his  opinion.  A  cooler  head  and  a  warmer  heart  never  met 
together  in  the  same  person;  and  it  is  barely  just  to  say  that  he  has  not  left 
behind  a  more  learned  lawyer  or  a  more  upright  man."  In  David  Paul 
Brown's  "Forum"  we  find  the  following:  "It  is  recorded  that  Sergeant 
Maynard  had  such  a  relish  for  the  old  Year  Books,  that  he  carried  one  in  his 
coach  to  divert  his  time  in  travel,  and  said  he  preferred  it  to  a  comedy.  The 
late  Judge  Kennedy,  of  the  supreme  court,  who  was  the  most  enthusiastic 
lover  of  the  law  we  ever  new,  used  to  say  that  his  greatest  amusement  consisted 
in  reading  the  law;  and  indeed,  he  seemed  to  take  almost  equal  pleasure  in 
writing  his  legal  opinions,  in  some  of  which.  Reed  vs.  Patterson,  for  instance, 
he  certainly  combined  the  attractions  of  law  and  romance. ' '  He  is  buried  in 
the  old  grave-yard  at  Carlisle. 

Hon.  Samuel  Hepburn  (seventh  president  judge),  the  successor  of  Judge 
Reed,  first  appears  upon  the  bench  in  April,  1839.  Judge  Hepburn 
was  born  in  1807  in  Williamsport,  Penn.,  at  which  place  he  began 
the  study  of  law  under  James  Armstrong,  who  was  afterward  a  judge  on 
the  supreme  bench.  He  completed  his  legal  studies  at  Dickinson  College 
under  Reed,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Cumberland  County  in  November, 
1834.  He  was,  at  the  time  of  his  admission  appointed  adjunct  professor  of 
law  in  the  Moot  court  of  Dickinson  College  by  Judge  Reed.  Before  he  had 
been  at  the  bar  five  years,  he  was  appointed  by  Gov.  Porter,  president 
judge  of  the  Ninth  Judicial  District,  then  embracing  Cumberland,  Perry  and 
Juniata,  and  he  presided  at  times  also,  during  his  term  in  the  civil  courts  of 
Dauphin.  He  was  at  this  time  the  youngest  judge  in  Pennsylvania  to  whom 
a  president  judge's  commission  had  been  ever  offered.  Among  the  important 
cases  the  McClintock  trial  took  place  while  he  was  upon  the  bench.  After 
the  expiration  of  his  term  he  resumed  the  practice  of  law  in  Carlisle,  where  he 
still  resides.  The  degree  of  LL.  D.  was  conferred  upon  Judge  Hepburn  by 
"Washington  College,  Penn. 

The  most  prominent  practitioners  admitted  under  Judge  Hepburn  were  J. 
Ellis  Bonham,  Lemuel  Todd,  William  H.  Miller,  Benjamin  F.  Junkin,  Will- 
iam M.  Penrose  and  Alexander  Brady  Sharpe. 

J.  Ellis  Bonham,  Esq.,  was  among  the  ablest  lawyers  admitted  under 
Judge  Hepburn.  He  was  born  in  Hunterdon  County,  N.  J.,  March  31, 
1816,  graduated  at  Jefferson  College,  Penn.,  studied  law  in  Dickinson  College 
under  Reed,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  August,  1839. 

' '  He  had  no  kindred  here  nor  family  influence.  His  pecuniary  gains  were 
small  during  the  first  few  years  of  his  professional  career,  and  he  had  little  or 
no  aid  outside  of  them,    as  his  father  was  in  moderate  circumstances. "     He 


history  OP  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY.  I''" 

had  not  been  long,  however,  at  the  bar  before  he  was  appointed  depulj   attor 
teral  for  the  count]     a  position  winch  he  filled  «  ith  oonapioiona  ability. 
He  had  a  taste  for  literature  and  hislibraxj   was  large  and  choice,      H 
little  fondness  tor  the  drudgery  of  his  profession, but  he  had  political  ambition, 
and  his  political  reading  and  knowledge  were  extensive.      He  wrote  for  the 
leading  political  journals  of  his  party  articles  on  man]  of  the  prominent 
tions  of  the  day.      "During  his  term  in  the  Legislature  he  was  the  aoknowl 
edged    leader  of  the  House,  as  the  Hon.  Charles  Et.  Buokalew  was  of  the  Sen 
ate;  and  thej  were  not  unlike  in  mental  characteristics,  and  Bomewhai  alike  in 
J  appearance.     They  were  decidedly  the  weakest   men   physically  and 
the  strongest  mentally  in  either  House. 

After  the   expiration  of  his  term  he  was  nominated   for  Congress,    and 
although  he  was  in  a  district  largely  Democratic  eminently  fitted  for  the  posi 
tion.  and  had,  himself,  greal  influence  in  the  political  organization,  hewasde- 
Iden   birth   Of   a   new    party.      He   died   shortly   afterward   of 
stion  of  the  lungs,  March  L9,  1855. 

In  personal  appearance  Mr.  Bonham  was  rather  under  than  above  the  me- 
dium h.  !.  with  light  hair  and  complexion.  He  was  of 
nervous  temperament.  His  countenance  was  handsome  and  refined.  As  an 
advocate  he  was  eminently  a  graceful  and  polished  speaker,  attractive  in  his 
manner,  with  a  poetic  imagination  and  chaste  and  polished  diction.  His 
«,  although  they  at  times  bor<  laborious  preparation,  were  ef 
fective.  and  on  one  occasion,  we  are  told,  many  persons  in  the  court  were  moved 
to  tears. 

He  died  before  his  talents  had  reached  their  prime,  after  having  been  at 
the  bar  for  fifteen  years  and  before  he  had  attained  the  age  of  forty. 

Hon.  Lemuel  Todd  was  horn  in  Carlisle  July  '-"•»,  181  I.  He  graduated  at 
Dickinson  College  in  1839,  read  law  under  Gen  Samuel  Alexander  and  was 
admitted  to  practice  in  August,  1841.  He  was  a  partner  of  Gen.  Alexander 
until  the  time  of  his  death  in  1843.  He  was  elected  to  Congress  from  the 
Eighteenth  District  in  1854  on  the  Know-nothing  ticket  as  against  J.  Ellis 
Bonham  on  the  Democratic,  and  was  elected  congressman  at  large  in  1875. 
He  presided  over  the  State  conventions  of  the  Republican  party  at  Harrisburg 
that  nominated  David  Wilmot  for  governor;  at  Pittsburgh  that  nominated 
Gov.  Cm-tin:  and  at   Philadelphia  that   advocated  for   President  Gen.  Grant. 

Gen.  Todd  has  practiced  continuously  at  the  bar  except  for  a  period  during 
the  late  war,  a  portion  of  which  time  he  acted  as  ins]  teral  of  Penn- 

sylvania  troops  under  Gov.  Curtin. 

William   H.    Miller,    for  more  than   a   quarter  of  a   century,  was  an  act- 
litioner  at  the  bar  Of  Our  COUnty.       He  was   a    student    of    Judge    Heed, 

and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  August,    1842;  William  M.  Kiddle,  s.  Dnnlap 

Adair  and  J.  Ellis  Bonham.  Esqs.,  being  his  oommitt (examination.     His 

initiate  was  difficult,  hut  by  perseverance  and  talent  he  succeeded  in  winning 
a  large  practice  and  an  honorable  position  at  the  bar.  As  a  speaker  he  was 
deliberate  and  dignified;  as  a  man  refined  and  amiable;  scholarly  in  both  his 
taste  and  in  his  appearance.  As  a  lawyer  he  was  cool  and  self  possessed,  and 
with  deliberate  logic  and  tact  he  won.  as  a  rule,  the  implicit  confidence  of  a 
jurv.     He  died  suddenly  of  congestion  of  the  brain  in  June.    ls<  1. 

"William  McFunn  Penrose,  was  admitted  under  Hepburn.  He  was  born 
in  Carlisle  March  •_".'.  1  vjr,;  graduated  with  honor  at  Dickinson  College  in  1844, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  November,    1846.      He  was  the  eldest  son  of 

Hon.  Charles  B.  Penrose.     As  a  lawyer  he  was  eminently  bu< ssful,   learned. 

quick  and  accurate  in  his  perceptions,  cogent  in  argument,    fluent    hut  terse  BS 


168  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

a  speaker,  he  seldom  failed  to  convince  a  jury.  He  had  a  keen  perception  of 
distinctions  in  the  cases,  and  of  the  principles  which  underlie  them,  and  in  all 
questions  of  practice  was  particularly  at  home.  He  served  for  a  time  as 
colonel  of  the  Sixth  Regiment  at  the  beginning  of  the  war.  He  died  Septem- 
ber 2,  1872,  in  the  prime  of  life  and  in  the  midst  of  usefulness. 

Hon.  Robert  M.  Henderson,  born  near  Carlisle  March  11,  1827.  Gradu- 
ated at  Dickinson  College  in  1845.  Read  law  under  Judge  Reed,  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  August.  1847.  He  was  elected,  by  the  "Whig  party,  to  the 
Legislature  in  1851  and  1852.  He  served,  by  appointment  in  April,  1874,  as 
additional  judge  of  the  Twelfth  Judicial  District,  and  was  elected  to  that  office 
in  the  same  year.  He  became  president  judge  of  this  district  in  January,  1882, 
resigned  his  position  in  March  of  the  same  year,  and  returned  to  his  practice 
in  Carlisle.      He  served  as  a  colonel  in  the  late  war. 

Alexander  Brady  Sharpe  was  born  in  Newton  Township,  Cumberland 
County.  August  12,  1827.  He  graduated  with  honor  at  Jefferson  College, 
Pennsylvania,  in  1846.  He  read  law  under  Robert  M.  Bard,  Esq. ,  of  Chain  - 
bersburg,  and  subsequently  with  Hon.  Frederick  Watts,  of  Carlisle.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  November  1S4S,  since  which  time  he  has  practiced,  ex- 
cept during  the  period  of  the  war,  when  he  was  in  the  service  of  his  country, 
a  portion  of  the  time  serving  upon  the  staff  of  Gen.  Ord. 

Hon.  Frederick  Watts  became  judge  of  our  courts  in  1849.  He  was  the 
son  of  David  Watts,  a  distinguished  member  of  the  early  bar,  and  was  born  in 
Carlisle  May  9,  1801.  He  graduated  at  Dickinson  College  in  1819.  Two 
years  later  he  entered  the  office  of  Andrew  Carothers,  and  was  admitted  to 
practice  in  August,  1824.  He  remained  for  a  time  in  partnership  with  his  pre- 
ceptor and  acquired  a  lucrative  practice.  During  a  period  of  forty-two  years 
from  the  October  term,  1827,  to  May  term,  1869,  in  the  Supreme  Court,  there 
is  no  volume  of  reports  containing  cases  from  the  middle  district  (except  for 
the  three  years  when  he  was  upon  the  bench)  in  which  his  name  is  not  found. 
For  fifteen  vears  he  was  the  reporter  of  the  decisions  of  that  court,  from  1829; 
three  volumes,  "  WTatts  &  Penrose,"  ten  volumes  "Watts  Reports,"  and  nine 
"Watts  &  Sergeant."  On  March  9,  1849,  he  was  commissioned  by  Gov. 
Johnston,  president  judge  of  the  Ninth  Judicial  District,  containing  the 
counties  of  Cumberland,  Perry  and  Juniata.  He  retired  in  1852,  when  the 
judiciary  became  elective,  and  resumed  his  practice,  from  which  after  a  long 
and  honorable  career,  he  gradually  withdrew  in  about  1860-69.  In  August, 
1871,  he  was  appointed  and  served  as  commissioner  of  agriculture  under  Hayes. 
As  a  man  he  had  great  force  of  character,  sterling  integrity,  and,  as  a  lawyer, 
ability,  dignity  and  confidence.  He  had  great  power  with  a  jury  from  their 
implicit  confidence  in  him.  He  was  always  firm,  self-reliant,  despised  quirks 
and  quibbles,  and  was  a  model  of  fairness  in  the  trial  of  a  cause.  He  is  still 
living  in  honorable  retirement  in  Carlisle  at  an  advanced  age,  being  now  the 
oldest  surviving  member  of  the  bar. 

We  have  now  brought  the  history  of  our  bar  with  sketches,  some  of  them 
dealing  with  living  members,  down  to  the  time  when  Judge  Graham  appears 
upon  the  bench,  which  is  within  the  recollection  of  the  youngest  lawyer.  For 
the  future  we  must  for  obvious  reasons  satisfy  ourself  with  briefer  mention. 

Hon.  James  H.  Graham,  born  September  10,  1807,  in  West  Pennsborough 
Township,  graduated  at  Dickinson  College  in  1827,  studied  law  under  Andrew 
Carothers,  Esq.,  admitted  to  the  bar  in  November,  1829.  In  1S39,  after  the 
election  of  Gov.  Porter,  he  was  appointed  deputy  attorney-general  for  Cum- 
berland County,  a  position  which  he  filled  ably  for  six  years.  After  the  amend- 
ment  of  the  Constitution  making  the  judiciary  elective,  he  received  the  nom- 


II isr.uiv  Of  0T7MMRLAND  COUNTY.  169 

ination  (Demooratio)  and  was  elected  in  October,  1851,  presided  judge  of  the 
Ninth  Judicial  District,  comprising  the  ooonties  of  Cumberland,  Perry  and 
Juniata.  At  the  expiration  of  his  term  he  was  re-elected  in  1861,  serving 
another  full  term  of  ten  years.  Lfter  Ins  retirement  from  the  bench  he  re 
turned  again  to  the  practice  of  law.  He  died  in  the  fall  of  1882.  In  L862his 
alma  mater  conferred  apon  him  the  degree  of  L.L.D.  Perhaps  the  highest 
eulogj  we  can  pay  is  to  Bay  that  tor  more  than  half  a  century  at  the  bar  or  on 
the  bench,  there  was  never,  in  the  language  of  Judge  Watts,  a  breath  of  im 
nutation  against  his  character  as  a  lawyer,  or  apon  his  honor  as  a  judge." 

Hon  Benjamin  F.  Junkin  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  August,  1844 
II..  liyed  in  Bloomfield  and  became,  with  the  younger  Molntyre,  a  leader 
of  the  bar  of  Perry  County.  In  1871,  he  was  elected  the  truth  president 
judge  of  the  Ninth  Judicial  District— then  including  the  counties  of  On 
norland,  Perrj  and  Juniata.  He  was  the  last  of  the  perambulatory  judges. 
On  the  redistribution  of  the  district  under  the  constitution  of  1874,  he 
ohose  Perrj  and  Juniata,  and  therefore,  from  that  period,  ceased  to  preside 
over  the  courts  in  Cumberland  County. 

Hon  Martin  C.  Herman,  who  suc< ded  Hon.  Benjamin   Junkin  as  the 

eleventh  judge  of  our  Judicial  District,  was  born  in  Silver  Spring  Township, 
Cumberland  County,  February  1  I.  1841.  He  graduated  at  Dickinson  College 
in  1862.  He  had  registered  as  a  student  of  law  previous  to  this  time  with  B. 
Molntyre  &  Son,  Bloomfield,  then  with  William  H.  Miller,  of  Carlisle,  under 
wh  im  he  completed  his  studies.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  January.  L864. 
He  was  elected  by  the  Democratic  partg  president  judge  of  the  Ninth  Judicial 
District,  in  1874,  taking  the  bench  on  the  first   Monday  of  January  in  the 

eeding  year,  and  serving  for  full  term  of  ten  years,  and  was  nominated  by 
acclamation  in  August,  1884. 

H..M.  Wilbur  F.  Sadler,  twelfth  and  last  judge,  was  born  October  I  1.  1840; 
read  law  under  Mr.  Morrison  at  W  illiamsport,  and  afterward  in  Carlisle;  was 
admitted  to  the  Carlisle  bar  in  1864,  and  acquired  a  large  clientage;  was 
elected  district  attorney  in  1871,  and.  in  1884,  president  judge  of  the  Ninth 
.Judicial  District  of  Pennsylvania. 

The  present  members  of  the  bar,  with  the  dates  of  their  admission,  are  as 

follow-: 

J.   E.    Barnitz,    August,    1S,T:    Bennett    Bellman,    April,    1874;  Hon    F. 

E.  Beltzlioover.  April.  1864;  Edward  W.  Biddle,  April,  L873;  Th lore  I 

man.  1870;  Duncan  M.  Graham,  November,  1876;  John-Hays,  1859;  Hon. 
Samuel  Hepburn,  November,  1834;  Samuel  Hepburn,  Jr.,  January,  1863;  Hon. 
can,  January,  1864;  Christian  P.  Humrich,  November,  1854; 
W.  A.  Kramer.  August,  1883;  John  B.  Landis,  1881;  Stewart  M.  Leidich, 
August.  1872;  W.  Penn  Lloyd,  April.  1865;  John  K.  Miller.  August.  INi<; 
George  Miller.  January,  1873;  Henry  New-ham.  April.  1859;  Richard  M. 
Parker.  November,  1876;  A.  Brady  Sharpe,  November,  1848;  William  J. 
Shearer.  January,  1852;  John T.  Stuart,  November,  L876;  Silas  Stuart,  April. 
1881;  J.  L.  Shelley,  August,  1875;  Alexander  Bache  Smead;  Hon.  Lemuel 
Todd.  April.  1841;  William  E.Trickett*,  August.  1875;  Joseph  G.  Vale,  April. 
1871;  Hon  Frederick  Watts  (retired),  1829;  Edward  B.  Watts,  August,  1875; 
Hon.  J.  Mario,,  Weakley,  January.  1861;  John  W.  Wetzel.  April.  1874;  Mull- 
lenburg  Williams  (Newville),  November,  I860;  Robert  McOaohran  (New- 
Villel.    1857. 

Among  the  early  members  of  our  bench   and  bar  were  men  who  fought 

•William  E.  Trickett,  formerly  professor  of  metaphysics  in  Dickinson  College,  and  author  of  "  Liens  in 
Pennsylvania." 


170  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

and  were  distinguished  in  the  Indian  wars  and  in  the  Revolution.  No  less 
than  three  who  practiced  in  our  courts  were  signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Inde- 
pendence, and  two  were  members  of  the  colonial  convention  at  its  inception. 
Three  sat  upon  the  supreme  bench,  one  as  Chief  Justice,  who  has  been  justly 
called,  in  a  legal  sense,  the  ' '  great  glory  of  his  native  State. ' '  Since  then  many 
have  become  distinguished,  in  their  day,  on  the  bench,  in  the  halls  of  legisla- 
tion, or  at  the  bar.  In  its  prestige  the  bar  of  Cumberland  County  has  been 
equal  to  any  in  the  State,  and  its  reputation  has  been  won  in  many  a  well  con- 
tested battle  for  a  period  of  now  more  than  a  century  and  a  quarter,  so  that, 
whatever  it  may  be  to-day,  it  may  well  pride  itself  upon  its  past,  and  stand, 
among  the  younger  bars  of  our  sister  commonwealths,  like  a  Douglas  bonneted, 
and  bow  down  to  none. 


CHAPTEE  IX. 

Medical— Biographical— Physicians  in  Cumberland  County  Since  1879— 
Physicians  in  Cumberland  County  Registered  in  Office  of  Protho- 
notary  at  carlisle— cumberland  county  medical  society. 

THE  genesis  of  medical  science,  like  that  of  chemistry,  astronomy  or  gov- 
ernment, is  necessarily  slow,  and  attended  with  much  of  empiricism. 
Observations,  even  if  correctly  made,  are  either  imperfectly  recorded  or  not 
recorded  at  all.  The  common  people  are  destitute  of  scientific  methods  of  in- 
vestigation. Even  if  they  were  so  disposed,  they  lack  both  the  opportunity 
and  the  ability  to  note,  scientifically,  the  nature  and  symptoms  of  disease 
together  with  their  proper  remedial  agents. 

It  is  not  strange,  therefore,  that  mothers  and  grandmothers  of  the  olden 
time  should  insist,  on  applying,  externally,  skunk  oil  or  goose  fat  for  the  curing 
of  internal  derangements.  The  day  of  herbs  and  salves  as  panaceas  was  not 
far  removed  from  the  period  when  special  luck  was  supposed  to  attach  to  first 
seeing  the  moon  over  the  right  shoulder;  when  potatoes  planted  or  shingles 
laid  in  the  dark  of  the  moon  would  fail  to  serve  their  purposes;  when  water- 
witches  were  deemed  necessary  to  locate  wells  properly;  and  when  bleeding 
the  arm  for  the  ailments  of  humanity  was  considered  absolutely  essential  to 
health. 

The  superstition  which  sought  cures  in  miraculous  interferences  in  these 
various  tricks  of  sleight-of-hand  performances,  and  meaningless  signs  and 
tokens,  would  readily  believe  that  the  hair  of  the  dog  will  cure  his  own  bite; 
that  the  carrying,  around  the  neck,  of  a  spider  imprisoned  in  a  thimble  will 
cause  whoojfing-cough  to  disappear;  that  washing  the  face  in  water  formed 
from  the  first  snow  of  the  season  will  remove  freckles;  that  the  weather  of  the 
first,  three  days  of  December  will  presage  the  weather  of  the  three  following 
months ;  that  the  washing  of  the  hands  in  stump  water  will  cure  warts ;  and 
that  if  the  ground  hog  sees  his  shadow  on  the  2d  day  of  February,  he  will  re- 
tire to  his  den  to  endure  a  six  weeks'  cold  siege. 

The  transition  from  these  simple  superstitions  of  the  olden  times  to  the 
patent  medicine  cure-all  remedies  of  the  present  day  was  an  easy  one.  He 
who  imagined  that  warts  could  be  removed  or  pain  alleviated  by  the  sorcerer' s 
pow-wow,  or  that  skunk  fat  would  cure  pleurisy  or  consumption,  would  not  be 
slow  to  believe  in  the  curative  properties  of  some  thorougly  advertised  patent  nos- 


HIST0R1   OF  CUMBIB]  USD  COUNTF.  171 

trum.  The  statements  in  patent  medicine  oironlarB  would  receive  full  credenoe  bj 
Lflering  the  ills  to  which  humanity  is  subject,  and  unknown  and  per 
hap-  absolute!}  worthless  remedies  would  be  used  assiduously  until  the  system 
was  thoroughly  deranged.  From  the  ravages  of  these  patent  aostrums,  at  well 
us  from  the  ignorance  of  the  human  system  prevailing  among  the  masses,  the 
medical  profession  had  to  save  their  patients.  I',\rnwhnv  | pie  were  per- 
ishing from  a  lark  of  knowledge  of  the  physical  organization  which  they  were 
expected  to  preserve,  and  suffering  humanity,  racked  with  the  pains  of  real 
or  imaginary  ills,  was  read]  to  seek  relief  in  any  direction.  Hence  the  diffi- 
cult] of  placing  medical  science  on  a  substantia]  basis  in  which  its  advi 
could  practice  intelligently  and  conscientiously,  andyei  receive  a  proper  reward 
for  their  labors.  No  class  of  pioneer  citizens  made  greater  sacrifices  for  hu- 
manity, or  deserve  stronger  marks  of  recognition,  than  the  genu 
practitioners  of  a  country.  With  the  impetus  given  to  the  eesoulapian  art  by 
their  labors  and  sacrifices,  it  is  safe  to  predict  that  the  introduction  of  rudimen- 
tary soienoe  into  the  public  schools,  and  especially  the  teaching  of  anatomy. 
physiology  and  hygiene,  will  finally  usher  in  a  period  when  the  people  shall 
obey  the  Laws  of  their  being,  and  physicians,  instead  of  being  migratory  drug 
stoic-,  shall  lie.  as  the  term  "doctor"  literally  implies,  teachers  of  health 
principles. 

In  this  chapter  brief  sketches  of  most  of  the  medical  practitioners  of  Com 
berland  County,  more  or  less  noted  in  their  fields  of  labor,  are  given. 

CARLISLE. 

Among  the  early  physicians  who  practiced  in  Carlisle  before  the  Revolution 
was  Dr.  William  Plunkett.  but  we  know  nothing  more  of  bim  than  that  he  re- 
sided in  Carlisle  and  is  spoken  of  as  "a  practitioner  of  physic  in  1  766." 

The  most  noted  of" all  the  pre  Revolutionary  practitioners  of  medicine  in 
Carlisle  was  Dr.  William  Irvine.  He  was  born  near  Enniskillen,  Ireland,  in 
174(1;  was  educated  at  the  University  of  Dublin,  studied  medicine  and  sur- 
gery, and  was  appointed  a  surgeon  in  the  British  Navy.  In  1763,  he  immigrated 
to  America  and  settled  in  Carlisle,  where  he  soon  acquired  a  high  reputation 
and  a  lare;e  practice  as  a  surgeon  and  physician.  In  1774  he  took  a  oonspicu 
ons  part  in  the  politics  of  Cumberland  County  and  was  appointed  as  a  delegate 
to  the  Provincial  Convention.  He  had  a  strong  leaning  toward  a  military  life, 
and  was  commissioned  by  Congress  colonel  of  the  Sixth  Batallion  and  was  or 
dered  to  Canada,  where  he  was  captured  He  was  afterward  colonel  of  the 
Seventh  Pennsylvania  Batallion.  In  1779  he  was  commissioned  a  brigadier 
general  and  Berved  under  Wayne.  In  March.  1782,  he  was  ordered  to  Fori 
Pitt,  to  which  place  he  marched  with  a  regiment  to  protect  the  northwestern 
frontier,  then  threatened  with  British  and  Indian  invasion.  He  was  engaged 
in  allaying  the  trouble  arising  from  disputed  boundaries  between  Pennsylvania 
and  Virginia.  He  was  a  member  of  the  convention  to  form  a  constitution  for 
the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  and  was  appointed  commander-in-chief  of  the 
Pennsylvania  troops  to  suppress  the  W  hiskey  Insurrection,  and  a  commissioner  to 
treat  with  the  insurgents.  l>r.  Irvine  married  Anne  Callender,  the  daughter 
of  Robert  Callender,  of  MiddL  le.     He  removed  to  Philadel- 

phia in  1801,  and  died  in  July.  L804,  aged  -i\t\  three  years.     He  was  presi- 
dent of  the  celebrated  society  of  the  Cincinnati  until  his  death. 

Another  pioneer  physician  was  Dr.  Samuel  Allen  MoCoskry,  who  settled 
there  in  1774.      Other-   may  have   entered   the  valley  in  17"i<'>.  while  in  i 
tion  with  the  army,  but  we  have  no  record  of  their  having   been  engaged  in   a 
regular  practice. 


172  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

Dr.  McCoskry,  born  in  1751,  where  or  in  what  month  is  not  known;  prac- 
ticed medicine  in  Carlisle  until  he  had  achieved  eminence  in  his  profession; 
and  died  September  4,  1818,  and  was  buried  in  the  old  Borough  Cemetery  in 
Carlisle.  From  the  inscription  on  a  tombstone,  we  gather  that  his  first  wife, 
Ann  Susannah  McCoskry,  died  November  12,  1792,  being  thirty-eight  years 
old.  Dr.  McCoskry  was  afterward  married  to  Alison  Nisbett,  daughter  of  the 
first  president  of  Dickinson  College. 

Dr.  Lemuel  Gustine,  was  born  in  Saybrook,  Conn.,  in  the  year  1749;  settled 
in  the  Wyoming  Valley  in  1769,  or  thereabouts;  married  the  daughter  of  one 
Dr.  Wm.  Smith,  to  whom  one  daughter,  Sarah,  was  born. , 

In  the  scenes  attendant  upon  the  Indian  invasion  and  massacre  in  the  Wyo- 
ming Valley,  Dr.  G-ustine  took  a  prominent  part.  He  remained  on  the  field  of 
that  bloody  conflict  until  further  resistance  became  useless,  when,  on  the  night 
following  the  capitulation  of  the  "Forty  Fort"  to  Maj.  Butler,  the  commander 
of  the  Tory  and  Indian  troops,  with  his  daughter  and  a  few  friends  as  com- 
panions, he  drifted  down  the  Susquehanna  to  John  Harris'  Ferry  (now  Harris- 
burg),  where  he  landed,  and  proceeded  to  Carlisle.  Here  he  commenced  the 
practice  of  medicine.  He  married  Rebecca  Parker  soon  afterward,  and  be- 
came the  father  of  six  children.  He  continued  the  practice  of  his  profession 
to  within  a  short  time  before  his  death,  which  occurred  October  7,  1805.  He 
was  buried  in  the  old  cemetery  in  Carlisle. 

Dr.  James  Gustine,  son  of  preceding,  graduated  at  Dickinson  College  in 
1798 ;  studied  medicine  with  his  father,  and  afterward  received  the  degree  of 
M.  D.  from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  He  commenced  practice  in  Natchez, 
Miss.,  returned  to  Carlisle;  and  again  went  South,  where  he  remained  until 
his  death. 

Dr.  Samuel  Gustine,  second  son  of  Lemuel,  studied  medicine  with  his  fa- 
ther, and  went  South  with  his  brother  James. 

Dr.  George  Stevenson,  son  of  Geo.  Stevenson.  LL.D.  born  in  York,  Penn., 
in  1759;  attended  classical  academy  at  Carlisle:  entered  Patriot  army  in  1778, 
as  first  lieutenant  of  Chambers'  regiment;  served  with  distinction  at  Brandy- 
wine,  and  resigned  commission  to  return  to  the  aid  of  his  family;  studied 
medicine  under  Dr.  McCoskry;  re-entered  the  army  as  surgeon,  and  served  un- 
til close,  when  he  returned  to  his  practice  in  Carlisle.  He  was  commissioned 
captain  of  infantry  in  1793;  created  major  in  ^following  year;  aided  in  sup- 
pression of  famous  Whiskey  Insurrection  in  1(94,  after  settlement  of  which 
removed  to  Pittsburgh,  where  he  commenced  practice  of  medicine;  commis- 
sioned major  in  Tenth  United  States  Regiment,  during  the  troubles  with  France; 
returned  to  practice  in  Pittsburgh,  where  he  became  distinguished  for  connection 
with  many  civil  and  political  enterprises,  in  which  he  served  in  the  following 
capacities:  Trustee  of  Dickinson  College;  member  first  board  of  trustees  of  the 
Western  University  of  Pennsylvania,  member  first  board  of  directors  of  Branch 
Bank  of  Pennsylvania;  president  of  United  States  Bank,  at  Pittsburgh;  first 
director  of  United  States  Bank,  at  Cincinnati;  and  for  a  long  time  president 
of  the  city  council  of  Pittsburgh.  Dr.  S.  declined  the  presidency  of  the  United 
States  Bank  at  Cincinnati,  and  in  1825  removed  to  Wilmington,  Del.,  where 
he  died  in  1829. 

Dr.  Samuel  Fahnestock,  a  physician,  practiced  his  profession  in  Carlisle, 
from  1800  to  1820,  when  he  removed  to  Pittsbirrgh. 

Dr.  George  Delap  Foulke,  born  near  Carlisle,  November  12.  1780;  grad- 
uated at  Dickinson  College  in  1S00;  studied  medicine  under  Dr.  Potter,  med- 
ical professor  in  the  University  of  Maryland:  married  Mary  Steel,  daughter  of 
Ephraim   Steel,  of  Carlisle;  practiced   in  Bedford,  Penn.,  and  afterward    in 


IIIStukv   ok  CUMBKRI  IND  COUNTY.  IT.'i 

Carlisle,  where  be  died  Angusl  1  I.  1849,  and  was  buried  in  the  old  cemetery. 

Dr.  George  Willis  Foulke,  son  of  preoeding,  born  in  Carlisle,  Ootober  8, 

graduated  at  Diokinson  College   in    1845;  returned  to  oommenoe  prac 

bos  in  Oarlisle,  bul  died  Bud  Lenlj  on  March  5,  1850;  in  the  springtime  of  his 

]if>'. 

brother  of   preoeding,  born  at  Oarlisle  August   6, 
graduated  at    Dickinson  College    in    1829;  Btudied   medioine  with  his 

father,  afterward  r iving  degr r   M    D    from   University  of    Maryland; 

oonunenoed  practice  with  his  father  at  Oarlisle,  but  afterward  removed  to 
Ohillicothe,  Ohio,  where  he  oontinned  in  his  profession. 

I>r.  James  Armstrong,  born  at  Oarlisle  in  1749;  completed  academic  course 
at  Nassau  Ball,  X.  J.;  studied  medioine  with  Dr.  John  Morgan,  of  Philadel- 
phia, aft. Twanl   reoeiving  the  degree  oi   M.   I  >.  from    University  of   Pennsyl 

vania:  commenced    praotioe  in   Winchester,  7a.,  bul    1 iming  discouraged, 

pe,  where  he  prosecuted  the  study  of  his  profession  in   Loudon; 
returned  to  Carlisle,  where  he  married  Mary  Stevenson,  daughter  of  a  promi 
nent  settlor;  removed    to    Kishacoquillas  Valley,   from    which  place    he  was 
:   tongressman  of  the  Third   District  of  Pennsylvania;  held  the  offices  of 

t"''i-t f  Dickinson  College,  trust if  the  old  Presbyterian  Churoh  at  Carlisle, 

associate  judge  of  Cumberland  County,  and  others  of  trust,  which  he  filled 
with  credit.  He  returned  to  Oarlisle  to  reside  in  the  old  family  mansion,  in  which 
he  had  been  born,  and  from  which  he  was  called  to  res!  in  the  year  1828.  He 
was  buried  in  the  old  cemetery  at  Carlisle. 

Dr.  John  Armstrong,  son  of  preceding,  born  in  1799;  educated  in  Dickin- 
son College  and  University  of  Pennsylvania;  completed  a  medical  course  un- 
der his  father's  tuition;  married  in  L825;  practiced  in  Dillsburg,  Penn.,  and 
later  returned  to  Cumberland;  thence  removed  to  Princeton.  X  J  where  he 
died  in  L871. 

Dr.  Ephraim  M.  Blaine,  grandson  of  Col.  Ephraim  Blaine,  of  Revolution- 
ary renown,  was  born  in  Carlisle,  September  24,  1796;  graduated  at  Dickin- 
son Coll, •,'!■  in  the  da—  of  1814;  r ived  the  degr E  M.  D.  from  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania  in  lM'T;   practi 1  in  Carlisle  for  a  number  of  years,  and 

tiually  entered  the  army  as  assistant  surgeon,  in  which  service  he  died  March 
13,  1835, 

Dr.  Adam  Hays,  born  in  Cumberland  County,  Penn.,  in  1792;  educated  at 
Dickinson  College;  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  ofcCoskrj  and  in  the  Un 

-ylvauia.  where  he  took  the  degree  of  M.  D. :  practiced  as  surgeon  in 
the  army,  at   Ohillicothe,  Ohio,   and  at   Oarlisle;  removed   to  Pittsburgh   in 

L829,    where   he  died    in    lSo  i. 

Dr.  William  Chestnut  Chambers,  born  near  Harrisburg  in  L790;  educated 
at  Dickinson  College;  prepared  for  his  profession  in  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania; practi 1  in  Carlisle  for  a  numb  ir  of  years,  when  h igaged  in  the 

iron  and  flour  business;  removed  to  Philadelphia  in  1838,  and  died  in  1857. 

Dr.  Alfred  Foster,  born  in  Carlisle  in  1790;  graduated  al  Dickinson  Col- 
lege; prepared  for  the  practi f  medicine  in  th fit I  Dr.  fifcCoskry;  en- 

tered  army,  where  1  I    in  hospital  work  until  the  close  of  the  war  of 

1812;  returned  to  ( larliale,  and  commenced  the  duties  of  practitioner,  in  which 
labor  he  continued  until  his  death  in  1847.  He  was  buried  in  the  old  ceme- 
tery of  Carlisle. 

Dr.  John  Creigh.  born  in  Carlisle  September  13,  1773;  studied  medicine  un- 
der Dr.  MoCoskryand  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  being  also  a  graduate 
of  Dickinson  College;  located  as  physician  at  Pittsburgh,  but  after  changing  his 
■  •  a  number  of  times,  finally  settled  at   Carlisle,  where  1, itinued  in 


176  HISTORY   OF   CUMBERLAND   COUNTY. 

his  profession  until  his  death,  which  occurred  November  7,  1848.  Dr.  C.  was 
a  prominent  citizen,  and  took  great  interest  in  the  affairs  of  his  county.  He 
was  buried  in  the  old  cemetery. 

Dr.  John  Steel  Given,  born  in  Carlisle  January  3,  1796;  educated  and  took 
degree  of  M.  D.  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania;  settled  at  Carlisle,  and 
was  killed  by  the  bursting  of  a  cannon  on  July  4,  1825. 

Dr.  Theodore  Myers,  born  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  May  27,  1802;  took  degree 
of  M.  D.  at  University  of  Maryland  in  1823;  settled  in  Carlisle  and  engaged 
in  the  practice  of  his  profession;  married  Sarah  A.  Irwin,  a  lady  of  distinction. 
Dr.  M.  died  February  20,  1839,  being  in  the  prime  of  life.  He  was  buried  in 
the  old  cemetery. 

Dr.  John  Myers,  brother  of  preceding,  born  in  Baltimore  January  23, 
1806;  graduated  and  received  degree  of  M.  D.  in  the  University  of  Maryland; 
settled  at  Carlisle  as  druggist  and  physician;  entered  the  army  hospital  service, 
and  died  in  Winchester,  Va. 

Dr.  John  Elliot,  born  in  Carlisle  in  1797;  educated  at  Dickinson  College; 
studied  medicine  under  Dr.  McCoskry  and  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
taking  the  degree  of  M.  D.  from  the  latter;  settled  at  Newville;  returned  to 
Carlisle,  where,  after  practicing  a  few  years,  was  called  by  death  June  12,  1829. 
Dr.  David  Nelson  Mahon,  born  in  Pittsburgh,  Penn. ;  graduated  at  Dick- 
inson College;  studied  medicine  under  Dr.  Gustine,  of  Carlisle,  and  afterward 
was  created  an  M.  D.  by  the  University  of  Pennsylvania;  entered  the  navy- 
service  as  assistant  surgeon  in  1821;  took  leave  of  the  sea  after  three  years' 
experience,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Carlisle,  where  he 
died  and  was  buried  in  the  Ashland  Cemetery  in  1876. 

Dr.  Jacob  Johnston  commenced  to  practice  in  Carlisle  in  1825,  and  con- 
tinued until  his  death  in  1831. 

Dr.  John  Paxton,  born  in  1796;  received  degree  of  M.  D.  from  University 

of  Pennsylvania,  after  which  he  practiced  in  Carlisle  until   shortly  before  his 

death,  which  took  place  in  1840,  while  he  was  visiting  in  Adams  County,  Penn. 

Dr.  William  Boyd,  a  physician,   settled  in  Carlisle  in  1833,  but  removed 

after  several  years'  residence. 

Dr  Charles  Cooper  practiced  in  Carlisle  a  number  of  years,  but  afterward 
went  West.  . 

Dr.  William  Irvin,  born  in  Centre  County,  Penn. ;  graduated  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania  with  degree  of  M.  D. ;  practiced  in  Carlisle  until  1846, 
when  he  left  for  China. 

Dr.  Stephen  B.  Kieffer,  born  in  Franklin  County,  Penn. ;  graduated  at 
Marshall  College  in  1848;  entered  the  office  of  Dr.  R.  Parker  Little,  and  in 
1851  received  the  degree  of  M.  D.  from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania;  re- 
ceived the  degree  of  M.  A.  at  the  same  time  from  his  alma  mater,  Marshall 
College;  married  Kate  E.,  daughter  of  George  Keller,  Esq.,  of  Carlisle, where 
Dr.  K.  began  the  practice  of  his  profession.  He  is  a  member  of  the  County 
Medical  Society;  was  at  one  time  president  of  the  State  Medical  Society,  and 
in  the  centennial  year  was  a  member  of  the  International  Medical  Congress 
which  met  at  Philadelphia.  Dr.  Kieffer  was  elected  a  fellow  of  the  American 
Academy  of  Medicine  in  1877.  He  still  resides  at  Carlisle,  where  he  has  es- 
tablished a  large  and  remunerative  practice. 

Dr.  R.  Lowry  Sibbet,  now  living  and  practicing  medicine  in  Carlisle,  was 
born  near  Shippensburg,  Cumberland  County,  in  the  early  half  of  the  present 
ceDtury.  His  ancestry  are  of  Scotch-Irish  extraction.  His  grandfather,  Sam- 
uel Sibbet,  of  Presbyterian  and  Republican  proclivities,  was  deemed  an  unsafe 
man  in  his  native  country,  Ireland,  and  hence   a  reward  of .  50  guineas  was 


HISTORY   OP  CUMBERLAND  COuUTT.  177 

placed  upon  his  head.  Advised  \>\  Masonic  friends  of  this  movement,  he  sei 
sail  secretB  for  the  I  oited  States,  landing  in  Baltimore  in  May,  1800.  Lfter 
the  lapse  of  a  fen  mi 'nth-  he  was  joined  bj  his  faithful  wife  and  their  cl 
James,  Robertand  Thomas.  The  Cumberland  Valley,  with  its  Scotch-Irish 
settlements,  having  been  heard  of,  the  family  proceeded  at  once  to  the  head 
of  Big  Spring,  where  they  were  heartily  welcomed  bj  warm  friends  who  had 
preceded  them.  To  the  family  were  added  Samuel,  Margaret,  Lowry  and 
Hugh  kfontgomi 

Thomas,  the  third  child,  was  born  October  ■">,  17U7.  In  dne  time  he  mar 
ried  Catherine  Ryan,  from  which  union  sprang  seven  children,  live  of  whom 
still  remain,  viz. :  Rachel  A.,  Robert  L.,  Henrj  W.,  William  R.  and  Anna 
M.  The  parents  and  the  two  children  are  buried  in  the  Spring  Hill  Cem 
etery  of  Shippensbnrg. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  graduated  in  1S.M-,  from  Pennsylvania  College 
with  the  degree  of  A.  B..  and  three  years  subsequent,  obtained  from  his  alma 
mater  the  degree  of  A.  M  After  several  years  teaching  in  a  classical  school, 
he  studied  medicine  with  His.  Stewart  and  Holland,  of  Shippensbnrg.  He 
attended  the  osnal  course  of  medical  lectures,  and  graduated  from  the  I'niver- 
sity  of  Pennsylvania  in  1866.  Having  practiced  for  a  time  at  Harrisbnrg  and 
New  Kingston,  he  visited  Europe  in  1870,  spending  some  two  years  in  its 
universities  and  hospitals,  distributed  as  follows:  Seven  months  in  Paris  dur 
ing  the  siege:  two  in  Berlin;  ten  in  Vienna;  two  in  London,  and  the  remain- 
der in  Spain.  Italy  and  Switzerland.  After  his  return,  the  Doctor  located  at 
Carlisle,  and  began  a  series  of  correspondence,  which  resulted  in  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  •■  American  Academy  of  Medicine," — an  associated  corps  of  men 
who  have  been  regularly  graduated  from  reputable  institutions  of  learning. 
As  a  member  of  this  association,  together  with  the  county  and  State  medical 
societies,  hi-  labor-,  have  been  given  for  the  advancement  of  reforms  in  his 
profession,  notably  the  registration  of  all  practitioners  and  the  necessity  of 
medical  men  having  both  literary  and  professional  diplomas.  He  is  one  of 
those  persons  who  never  practically  accepted  the  doctrine  that  it  is  not  good 
for  man  to  be  alone. 

Dr.  Alfred  J.  Herman,  born  in  Montgomery  County,  lVim..  studied  med- 
icine under  Dr.  Butter.  ofPottstown,  Perm.,  and  also  received  the  degree  of 
M.  D.  from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  in  1846.  Dr.  Herman  settled  in 
the  Cumberland  Valley  soon  afterward,  and  eventually  removed  to  Carlisle, 
where  he  continued  the  practice  of  his  chosen  profession. 

Dr.  William  W.  Dal.' was  born  in  Lancaster,  Penn. ;  graduated  from  Jef- 
ferson Medical  College,  Philadelphia,  in   1838;  moved  to  Carlisle  in  1847, 

Dr.  "\Vm.  H.  Longsdorf  was  born  in  this  county  in  L834;  graduated  in 
1856  from  Jefferson  Medical  College,  and.  in  1857,  from  the  Pennsylvania 
Dental  School;  first  commence,)  practice  in  this  county  in  1857. 

Dr.  William  H.  Cooke,  born  near  York  Sulphur  Springs.  Perm.;  educated 
in  Chester  County,  Penn.;  entered  the  office  of  Dr.  Hiram  Metcalfe,  and  after 
ward  took  the  degree  of  M.  D.  from  the  Jefferson  Medical  College;  engaged  in 
public  speaking  in  the  Western  country;   returned  in   1859  to  Pennsylvania, 
and  after  marrying  Elizabeth  Richmond,  settled  at  Carlisle,  and  comm 
practicing  his  profession. 

Dr.  Eugene  A.  <  trove,  born  in  <  lumberland  County.  Penn..  was  a  descendant 
•  •'  11     -  Graf,  a  noted  Switzer.     Dr.  Grove  received  an  education  in  the  public 
schools  of  Carlisle-,    studied  medicine  under  Dr.  S.  B.  Kieffer,  and  took  the 
f   M.  D.   from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  in   1870.     He  is  en- 
gaged in  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Carlisle. 


178  HISTORY   OF   CUMBERLAND   COUNTY. 

Dr.  George  Hemminger,  born  in  Cumberland  County,  Penn. ;  educated  in 
the  county  schools,  a  select  school  at  Plainfield,  and  was  a  sophomore  in  Penn- 
sylvania College  when  the  war  broke  out,  and  he  abandoned  his  studies  to 
defend  the  Union.  In  1862  he  entered  the  One  Hundred  and  Thirty-eighth 
Eegiment  of  Pennsylvania  Volunteers;  served  with  distinction  in  many  severe 
engagements;  was  captured  and  confined  in  Libby  prison  in  1865;  was  ex- 
changed and  rejoined  his  regiment,  in  which  he  served  until  the  close  of  the 
war.  Dr.  Hemminger,  after  his  return,  entered  the  office  of  Dr.  J.  J.  Gitzer, 
of  Carlisle,  and  after  studying  some  time,  entered  the  Detroit  Medical  College, 
and  graduated  there  in  1869,  with  the  degree  of  M.  D.  He  located  first  at 
Newville,  Penn.,  but  afterward  returned  to  Carlisle,  where  he  is  engaged  in  a 
large  practice. 

Dr.  Jacob  S.  Bender  was  born  in  Bendersville,  this  county,  in  1834;  grad- 
uated from  Pennsylvania  Homoeopathic  College  of  Medicine  in  1862;  com- 
menced the  practice  of  medicine,  after  close  of  the  war,  between  Omaha  and 
the  Rocky  Mountains,  and  there  continued  for  four  years;  then  came  to  Car- 
lisle. 

Dr.  Wm.  F.  Eeily,  a  native  of  Carlisle,  born  in  1851,  graduated  from  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia,  in  1875 ;  then  located  in  Carlisle, 
where  he  has  practiced  ever  since. 

Dr.  J.  Simpson  Musgrave  was  born  in  Ireland;  attended  lectures  at  the 
Toland  Medical  College,  in  San  Francisco,  Cal. ;  entered  the  University  of 
Maryland,  and  finally  graduated  in  the  University  Pennsylvania,  with  the 
degree  M.  D.  Dr.  Musgrave  located  in  Carlisle  in  1877,  but  remained  only  a 
short  time. 

MECHANICSBURG. 

Dr.  Asa  Herring,  born  in  New  Jersey  in  1792;  moved  to  Mechanicsburg  in 
1815,  where  he  engaged  in  the  practice  of  medicine  until  1S28,  when  he  re- 
moved to  Elizabethtown,  Penn. 

Dr.  James B.  Herring,  son  of  preceding;  born  at  Hamilton,  Penn.,  March 4, 
1829;  graduated  from  University  of  Pennsylvania,  in  1851,  receiving  the  de- 
gree of  M.  D. ;  commenced  practice  in  Mechanicsburg;  married  Elizabeth 
Riegel;  continued  to  practice,  in  partnership  with  Dr.  Ira  Day  until  his  death, 
November  9,  1871.  He  was  buried  in  Chestnut  Hill  Cemetery,  near  Mechan- 
icsburg. 

Dr.  Jacob  Weaver,  practiced  in  Mechanicsburg  between  the  years  182o  and 
1840. 

Dr.  James  G.  Oliver,  born  in  Cumberland  County,  December  6,  1801;  edu- 
cated at  Dickinson  College;  graduated  from  Jefferson  Medical  College  in  1828 
with  degree  of  M.  D. ;  practiced  first  at  Oyster's  Point,  afterward  at  Mechan- 
icsburg, where  he  also  owned  a  drug  store;  married  Jane  Carothers,  and  be- 
came father  of  three  children;  continued  his  practice  until  his  death,  May  31, 
1836.      He  was  buried  in  the  Spring  Hill  Cemetery. 

Dr.  Ira  Day,  born  in  Royalton,  Vt..  in  1799;  educated  in  Royalton 
Academy;  taught  select  school  in  Harrisburg,  at  the  same  time  studying  medi- 
cine under  Dr.  Luther;  graduated  as  M.  D.  from  University  of  Vermont,  in 
1823;  continued  practicing  medicine  in  Mechanicsburg;  engaged  in  State  and 
County  Medical  Associations;  was  elected  trustee  of  Dickinson  College  in  1833; 
continued  his  practice  until  his  death,  in  November,  1868.  He  is  buried  in  the 
cemetery  near  Mechanicsburg. 

Dr.  George  Fulmer,  born  in  1829,  the  oldest  practicing  physician  in  Me- 
chanicsburg, °and  one  of  the  oldest  in  the  county,  is  a  graduate  of  Jefferson 
Medical  College,  Philadelphia. 


HI8T0RI   OF  CUMBERLAND  001  Ml  179 

I':  \  II'  Van  Boff,  W.  A.  Steigleman  ami  Philip  H.  Long  were  practi- 
tioners of  medicine  in  Meohanicsburg  Borne  forty  years  ago. 

Dr.  1'    B.  Brandt,  born  in  Cnmberland;  educated  inoonnty  Bchools; 
noted  b  -  Medical  College  in  ls~>~>:  practiced  in  Nen  Cnmberland, 

Shiremanstown  and  Mechaniosburg;  married  Margaret  Mateer  in  L856;  and  in 
nt ill  engaged  in  his  profession  at  Mechanicsbnrg. 

l>r.    Elobert  Graham  Kbnng  was  born  in  Louther  Manor,  Perm.,  Deo 
ti.  1809,  and  educated  at  Dickinson  College.       Ee  studied  medicine  with  Dr. 
John   Paxton,  and  graduated  at  the  (Jniversitj  of  Pennsylvania  with  the  de- 
gree of  M    1>      Be  practiced  in  Lonther  Manor.  Shiremanstown  and  M 
icsburg.     He  married  Annetta  Culbertson  and  became  father  of  five  cl 
Dr.  Young  was  one  of  the  public  spirited  and  exemplary  citizens  of  the  com 
munity. 

Dr.  Martin  B.  Mosser  was  born  in  Upper  Paxton,  Dauphu  tn.    He 

studied  medicine  in  the  office  of  Dr.  E.  H  Coover,  in  New  Cumberland.  He 
graduated  from  -lctTer-.il  Medical  College  in  1862,  and  entered  the  arm]  as 
assistanl  surgeon  of  the  Fourth  United  States  Artillery:  was  assigned  to  duty 
in  the  United  States  general  hospital  at  Philadelphia.  He  resigned  in  1865, 
and  commenced  civil  practice  at  Shiremanstown,  He  married  Rebecca  Rupp, 
and  became  the  rather  of  two  children;  removed  to  Mechanicsbnrg,  where  he 
practices  his  profession. 

Dr.  Robert  N.  Short  was  horn  in  Kentucky  in  L831;  graduated  from  the 
Southern  Medical  College  in  L853,  and  from  Miami  Medical  College  in  1^71; 
moved  to  Centerville.  this   county,    in    1861,  and   there   practiced  medic 
surgery  till  1865,  when  he  came  to  Mechanicsbnrg,  where  he  has  eve*  since 
been  in  active  practice. 

Dr.  L.  P.  O'Neale  was  born  in  Virginia  in  1838;  came  to  Mechanics! mr^ 
from  York  County.  Penn. ,  in  1870,  and  has  here  since  been  actively  engaged 
in  the  practice  of  his  profession. 

Dr.  Levi  H.  Lenher,  a  native  of  Lancaster  County.  Penn..  born  in  1822; 
graduated  at  Pennsylvania  College,  Philadelphia,  in  1843;  came  to  Church- 
town,  this  county,  in  1M7.  and  there  remained  till  1872;  then  moved  to  Me- 
ohanicsburg;  thence  to  Iowa-,  thence  to  li  Penn.,  and  finallj   again 

to  Mechanicsbnrg. 

Dr   Jacob  H.  Deardorff.  born  in  Washington  Township,  York  Co.,  ' 
in  L846;  graduated  from  Hahnemann  Medical  College,  Philadelphia,  in  1876; 
located  in  Middletown,   Penn..   for  two  years  and  a  half;  then  came  to  Mechan- 
icsbnrg, where  he  has  practiced  medicine  ever  since. 

CHURCHTOWX. 

Dr.  Charles   Harrison  Gibson,   born  in  Perry  County.    Penn.,  graduated 

from  the  Miami  Medical  College,  with  the  usual  degr f  M.  1>. ;  entered  a 

Cincinnati  hospital  a-  resident  physician;  remove.!  toChurchtown  in  1875,  and 
engaged  in  the  duties  of  his  profession. 

HOGESTOWN. 

Dr.  Isaac  Wayne  Snowden,  horn  in  Harrisburg,  Penn..  on  the  5th  of 
March.  1 794,  being  descended  from  an  illustrious  ancestry.  He  was  educated 
in  an  academy,  prepared  for  the  medical  profession  in  Di    Nathan- 

iel Chapman,  of  Philadelphia:  enter,.,!  the  army  as  assistanl  surgeon  in  L816; 
served  in  the  Seminole  war,  being  an  intimate  friend  of  Gen.  .lack-on:  n  i 

his  position  in   1823,  and  commenced  the  practi* f  his  profession  in  Mifllin 

County.  Penn.:  married  M  ■  _r  r     B.  Loudon,  and  removed  to  the  lower  part  of 


180  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

Cumberland  Valley  in  1832;  established  a  practice  here,  in  which  he  was  en- 
gaged until  his  death,  which  took  place  in  1850. 

°Dr.  Joseph  Crain,  born  in  Lancaster,  Penn.,  December  25,  1803;  educated  at 
Dickinson  College;  studied  medicine  under  Dr.  Whiteside,  of  Harrisburg,  and 
also  graduated  with  the  degree  of  M.  D.  at  the  University  of  Maryland;  com- 
menced practice  in  Hogestown  in  1S30;  married  Rebecca  Wells,  and  became 
father  of  four  children;  afterward  married  Ellen  Chambers,  by  whom  one  son 
was  born.  Dr.  Crain  continued  in  practice  until  his  death,  which  occurred 
April  18,  1876.     He  was  buried  in  the  Silver  Spring  Cemetery. 

LISBUKN. 

Dr.  Lerew  Lemer,  born  in  Harrisburg,  October  6,  1806;  entered  office  of  Dr. 
Luther  Reily,  and  in  1832  took  degree  of  M.  D.  from  Yale  College;  com- 
menced practice  in  New  Cumberland;  removed  to  Lisburn,  where  he  lived 
until  his  death,  in  1876. 

Dr.  J.  W.  Trimmer,  born  in  Adams  County,  Penn.,  educated  at  Millersville 
Academy  and  Dickinson  Seminary,  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  A.  D.  Dill,  of 
York  Sulphur  Springs;  graduated  from  Rush  Medical  College  in  1875;  com- 
pleted third  course  of  lectures  at  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College  in  1876; 
commenced  practice  in  Lisburn,  where  he  is  still  engaged  in  a  large  and  grow- 
ing practice. 

SHIPPENSBUKG. 

Dr.  John  Simpson,  a  physician,  commenced  practice  in  Shippensburg 
about  1778,  and  continued  until  February  17,  1826,  when  he  died. 

Ds.  Robt.  McCall  practiced  healing  in  Shippensburg  up  to  1799,  when 
his  death  is  recorded.  . 

Dr.  Alexander  Stewart,  born  in  Lancaster  County,  Penn. ;  practiced  medicine 
in  Shippensburg  from  1795  to  1830,  when  he  died. 

Dr.  John  Ealy,  born  in  Shippensburg  in  1788;  commenced  practice  there 
in  1809,  and  continued  until  his  death,  in  1831. 

Dr.  Elijah  Ealy,  son  of  preceding,  also  practiced^  in  Shippensburg,  but 
afterward  moved  to  Dayton,  Ohio,  where  he  died  in  1851. 

Dr.  William  A.  Findlay  practiced  in  Shippensburg  for  a  number  of  years 
after  1815.  ■    He  afterward  moved  to  Chambersburg. 

Dr.  William  Rankin,  born  at  Potter's  Mills,  Centre  Co.,  Penn..  m  October, 
1795;  oraduated  at  Washington  College  in  1814;  studied  medicine  with  Dr. 
Dean,  oi  Chambersburg,  Penn.,  and  afterward,  in  1819.  received  the  degree 
of  M.  D.  from  University  of  Penn. ;  practiced  in  Campbellstown,  but,  in  1821, 
removed  to  Shippensburg;  married  Caroline  Nevin,  and  became  father  of  five 
children;  practiced  until  his  death,  July  15,  1872. 

Dr.  David  Nevin  Rankin,  son  of  preceding,  born  in  Shippensburg; 
studied  medicine  with  his  father,  and  graduated  with  degree  of  M.  D.  from 
Jefferson  Medical  College,  in  1854;  practiced  in  partnership  with  his  father 
until  the  war,  when  he  entered,  as  assistant  surgeon;  after  long  and  ardu- 
ous service,  settled  at  Allegheny  City,  where  he  still  lives. 

Dr.  Alexander  Stewart  was  born  in  Maryland,  in  1809;  graduated  from 
Washington  Medical  College,  Baltimore,  Md.,  in  1831;  same  year  commenced 
practice  in  Shippensburg,  where  he  has  since  resided. 

Dr.  Thomas  Greer  and  Dr.  John  N.  Duncan  practiced  medicine  m  Ship- 
pensburg; the  former  from  1834  to  1839,  when  he  died;  the  latter  from  1841 
to  1850,  when  he  removed  to  Chambersburg. 

Dr.  William  M.  Witherspoon,  a  native  of  Franklin  County,  Penn.,  bornm 
1844;  graduated  from  medical  department  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvama, 
in  1869,  and  has  been  in  active  practice  in  Shippensburg  ever  since. 


BIBT0B1   "F  CI  MBBRXAND  COUNTY,  L81 

S1IIK1.M  LH8TOTI  H. 

Dr.  \N  Scot)  Bruckhart,  born  in  Lancaster  Co.,  Penn.;  graduated  from 
JefferBon  Medical  College  in  L870;  praotioed  in  Mountjo]  Township,  but  re- 
moved to  Shiremanstown  in  lsTl.  where  he  still  practices. 

l>r.  Jacob  Black  and  Dr.  William  Mateer  praotioed  medicine  iu  Shire- 
manstown  sometime  near  Lc 

I  I  I. I.E. 

Dr.  John  Geddes,  born  in  Cumberland  County,  August  L6,  1770,  studied 
medicine  with  Dr,  McCoskry,  of  Carlisle.  Ee  settled  in  Newville  as  a  prac- 
titioner in  1797,  and  died  December  5,  L840. 

Dr.  Join.  I'.  Geddes,  son  of  the  preceding,  was  born  in  Newville,  October 
in  [799.  Ee  studied  under  his  father,  and  graduated  as  M.  D.  from  the 
University  of  New  York;  settled  at  Newville  and  practiced  his  profession  un- 
til his  death  in  October,  1837. 

Dr.  William  M.  Sharp,  born  at  Green  Spring,  in  I  798;  graduated  at  Dick- 
inson  College  in   L815.      Ee  Btudied   medicine  under   Dr.  McCoskry,  and  ra- 

oeived  the  degr d  1£   D.  from  the   University   of    Pennsylvania  in  1819; 

praotioed  in  Newville  until  his  death  August  20,    L835. 

Dr.  Alexander  Sharp,  son  of  Wm.  M  Sharp,  born  in  Newville  in  1826; 
graduated  from  Jefferson  Medical  College  in  L850.  Ho  practiced  in  New- 
ville until  he   died  December  13,    L860. 

Dr.  Williams.  Rutger  was  born  December  13,  L782,  in  Germany.  He 
Btudied  medicine  and  embarked  for  America,  landing  at  Baltimore  in  Septem- 
ber, ls";'>;  married  Ann  C.  Afer  in  L806,  and  praotioed  medicine  in  Baltimore, 
but  removed  to  Newville  in  1812,  being  known  as  the  ''Dutch  Doctor."  He 
removed  to  Illinois,  where  he  died  in  1847. 

1  >■■    .1.  C.   Olaudy,  grandson  of  the  above,  born  in  Cumberland  County;  stud- 

.Mili  Dr.   David  Ahl,  of  Newville,  and  afterward  received  degree 

Of  M     1>.  fromBellevue  Hospital  Medical  College:  entered  army  as  assistant  BUT- 

returned  to  Newville  to  practice  his  profession;  married  Lucinda  Blean, 

and  -till  continues  in  his  practice. 

l>r.  John  Ahl.  born  in  Bucks  County.  Penn.;  educated  in  Baltimore;  prac- 
ticed medicine  in  Rockingham  County,  Va.;  removed  to  Newville.  where  he 
died  April  9,  L844. 

Dr.  John  Alexander  Ahl.  son   of   pr ling,  was  born  in  Strasburg.  Penn.; 

studied  under  his  father,  and  took  his  degree,  ML  1)..  from  Washington  Medical 
College,  Baltimore;  commenced  practice  in  Centerville,  Cumberland  County; 
removed  to  Newville,  where  he  engaged  in  various  business  enterprises,  and 
from  which  place  he  was  elected  to  the  Thirtj  -fifth  Congress.     Died  in  L882. 

Dr.  David  Ahl.  born  in  York  County,  Penn. ;  entered  West  Poinl   as  cadet; 
1  in    L850,  and  entered  office  of  Dr.  Smith,  of  York,  Penn.;  graduated 
from  University  of  Man  land  as  M.  D.  in  1853;  moved  to  Newville.  where,  after 
practicing  a  number  of  years,  he  died  April  8,   1878. 

Dr.  Joseph  Hannon,  a  graduate  of  Jefferson  Medical  College,  practi 1  in 

Newville  from  1MI  for  about  ten  years. 

Dr.  Mathew  F.  Robinson,  bom  near  Greencastle,  Penn  .  April  26,  L820; 
Btudied  medicine  under  Dr.  J.  K.  Davidson,  of  Greencastle,  and  took  degree 
of  ML  D.  from  Washi  igton  Medical  College,  of  "Baltimore,  in  1847;  practiced 
in  Mercersburg  and  later  at  Newville,  where  he  died  January  1,  1^<  I- 

Dr.   JohnG.  Barr,  bom  in  Newville  in   L830;  graduated  at  Washhi 

1)    i     .   with    degr f    M.  D..   in    I80S;  practiced    in    Newville    until  the  war, 

when  hi-  entered  the  army  a-  surg i.  and  died  in  L865. 


182  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

Dr.  Samuel  H.  Brehm,  born  in  Cumberland  County,  Penn. ;  received  com- 
mon and  classical  education;  received  degree  of  M.  D.  from  Jefferson  Medical 
College,  in  1866 ;  commenced  and  still  continues  practice  in  Newville. 


Dr.  David  Smith  was  a  resident  practitioner  of  medicine  in  Newburg, 
where  he  resided  about  twenty-nine  years.  He  died  in  1863,  and  is  buried  in 
the  cemetery  near  Newburg. 

Dr.  Alexander  A.  Thomson  was  born  in  Franklin  County,  Penn.,  in  1841; 
graduated  from  Jefferson  Medical  College,  Philadelphia,  in  1864;  practiced 
several  years  in  Newburg,  this  county;  now  resides  in  Carlisle. 

NEW     CUMBERLAND. 

Dr.  John  Mosser  was  born  in  Lancaster  County,  June  20,  1777;  married 
Elizabeth  Neff,  with  whom  he  had  eight  children.  He  purchased  property 
in  the  vicinity  of  New  Cumberland  in  1815,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of 
medicine  until  his  death,  June  10,  1826.  He  is  buried  in  Mount  Olivet  Cem- 
etery, near  New  Cumberland. 

OAKVILLE. 

Dr.  Israel  Betz,  born  in  Lancaster  County,  Penn. ;  studied  under  Dr.  W. 
E.  Swiler,  of  York  County,  Penn. ;  graduated  with  degree  of  M.  D.  from  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania;  settled  at  Oakville,  where  he  still  continues  in  his 
practice. 

BOILING    SPRINGS. 

Dr.  Jacob  Sawyer,  born  in  Wilmington,  Mass.,  December  26,  1794,  edu- 
cated in  the  village  schools  and  also  in  Phillips  Academy,  Exeter,  N.  H. ; 
studied  for  the  practice  of  medicine  in  the  office  of  Dr.  Hill,  and  in  the  medi- 
cal department  of  Howard  University,  where  he  attended  lectures  given  by 
such  distinguished  physicians  as  Drs.  Channing,  Ingalls,  and  others;  com- 
menced the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Dillsburg,  Penn. .  where  he  succeeded 
to  the  practice  of  his  brother,  Dr.  Asa  Sawyer;  married  Mary  Ann  McGowan, 
daughter  of  David  McGowan,  of  Boiling  Springs,  in  1825;  exchanged  prac- 
tices with  Dr.  Thomas  Cathcart,  of  Bloomfield,  Perry  County,  in  1833;  pur- 
chased a  farm  near  Boiling  Springs,  where  he  soon  established  a  large  country 
practice;  removed  to  Carlisle  some  time  in  1857,  where  he  was  taken  away  by 
death  two  years  later.  Dr.  Sawyer  had  lived  an  active  and  eventful  life,  hav- 
ing served  as  surgeon  to  the  fifth  division  of  State  militia  and  as  resident  prac- 
titioner in  various  parts  of  the  State. 

PLAINFIELD. 

Dr.  Joshua  E.  Van  Camp,  born  in  Perry  County,  Penn. :  educated  in  Louis- 
ville Academy  and  Pennsylvania  College;  enlisted  and  served  in  One  Hun- 
dred* and  Thirty-third  Regiment,  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  in  1862;  served 
until  close  of  the  war,  having  been  promoted  to  sergeant:  graduated  from 
the  University  of  Michigan  in  1870,  with  degree  of  M.  D. ;  practiced  in  Markels- 
ville,  and  later  in  Plainfield,  where  he  still  resides. 

oyster's  point. 

Dr.  Peter  Fahnestock  practiced  at  what  is  now  called  Oyster's  Point  about 
the  beginning  of  the  nineteenth  century. 


tyb/iC0*6un  (?{J.J^ 


BISTORT   OF  CUMBERLAND  001  NTI  Is"1 

PHTBia]  vm  IT  mnnnmumi  noTTWTT  HTNffl     \B0XT1     L879. 

Grove,  Dr.  George,  Big  Spring,  born  in  Chambersbnrg,  Franklin  County, 
in  L811;  graduated  from  Jefferson  Medical  College,  Philadelphia,  with  honors, 
in  L886.  Ee  is  to-day  the  oldest  practicing  physician  in  the  Cumberland 
Valley. 

Davis,  I>r.  .1.  c.  Mount  Eollj  Springs,  was  born  in  this  county  in  L848; 
graduated  from  Jefferson  Medical  College,  in  L875;  has  here  an  extensive 
practice. 

Coons,  Philip  R.,  born  in  Shippensburg;  resilience  at  Allen  postomce; 
graduated  at  Jefferson  Medical  College,  March  12,  ls7'.i. 

Smith.  Jacob  H.,  a  native  of  Cumberland  County;  present   residence  Diok- 
Downship;  graduated  at  Jefferson  Medical  College,   ls^'. 

Eieberknight,  Dr.  1'    B  .  Newburg;  graduated  at  Jefferson  Medical  College, 
Philadelphia,  about  1873,  with  honors;  also  at  Bellevue  Eospital  Medical  < '"I 
rk,  in  1879,  since  which  date  his  practice  has  been  uninterrupted 
in  Newburg. 

Cramer.  David  C,  born  in  Xewburg,  Cumberland  County,  where  he  is  lo 
cateil  in  the  practice;  received  his  degree  of  M.  D.  from  Jefferson  Medical  Col- 
lege, 1880. 

1.  -lames  G.,  a  native  of  Adams  County;   resides  in   Carlisle;   graduate 
of  Hahnemann  Medical  College,    ls7v 

Koser,  John  J.,  burn  in  Shippensburg,  where  he  resides;  graduated  in  the 
University  i if   Pennsylvania,   1SM. 

Marshall,  J.  Buchanan,  a  native  of  Adams  County,  resides  in  Shippensburg; 
graduated  at  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College,  N.  Y..  February,   L879. 

Prow  ell,  Etobert  S.,  a  native  of  Cumberland  County;  resides  in  New  Cum- 
berland; graduated  at  College  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  March  '■'>, 
1880. 

Smith.  S.  McKee.  burn  in  Perry  County;  resides  in  Heberlig;  graduated 
at  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  Lsso. 

Oonlyn,  Edward  S.,  born  in  Carlisle,  where  be  resides;  graduated  at  Hahne 
mann  College,  March.    1880;   was  in  Ward's  Island  Hospital  from  April,    1880, 
bar,  L881. 

Longsdorf,  Harold  H..  born  in  Nebraska;  resides  in  Dickinson;  graduated 

at  College  of  Physicians  and  Surg 1-.  Baltimore,  March  1,  L882;  1 ived  the 

degree  1  if  M.    V.    from  Dickinson  College,  June  27,  L879. 

Bower-.  Moses  EL,  a  native  of  Mifflin,  Perm.;  resides  in  Boiling  Springs; 
graduate  of  Jefferson  Medical  College,  March  30,  L882. 

1  leshler,  Joseph  J.,  born  in  Armstrong,  Centre  Count] ;  resides  at  Shippens 
burg;  graduated  at  College  Physician- and  Surg is,  Baltimore,  March  3,  1880. 

Polinger,  Robert  K.  a  native  of  Cumberland  County;  residence  Carlisle; 
graduated  at  Columbus  Medical  College  (Ohio)  March    I.  lsso. 

Ayres,  Wilmot,  born  in  York  County;  resides  in  Middlesex;  graduated  at 
Baltimore  Medical  College,  April  12,  1883. 

Orr,  James  P.,  native  of  TS  estmoreland  County;  residence  New  Cumberland; 
graduated  at  Michigan  Oniversity,  March  6,  1879. 

Eauffman,  John   E.,  born   in   Martinsburg,  West  Virginia;  resident 
burg;  graduated  at  New  Xbrk  University,  March   11.  L884. 

McGary,  Etobt.  M.,  a  native  of  Shiremanstown,  where  he  resides;  gradu- 
ated at  Jefferson  Medical  College,  March  29,  1884 

Diven,  S.  L.,  born  at  Mount  Holly  Springs;  residence  Carlisle;  graduated  at 

University  Pennsylvania  May  I,   lssl;  received  degr< f  A.  Ed  and  A.  M..  at 

Diekr  L878-81 


186 


HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 


Hobach,  John  TJ.,  a  native  of  Perry  County;  residence  Mechanicsburg; 
graduated  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  May  1,  1884. 

Bowman,  Dr.  John  D.,  Camp  Hill,  was  born  in  1832;  graduated  from  Jef- 
ferson Medical  College,  Philadelphia,  about  1856,  then  commenced  practice  in 
Camp  Hill,  remaining  over  sixteen  years ;  then  removed  to  Harrisburg,  and  in 
1885  returned  to  Camp  Hill. 

Lauck,  David  A.,  a  native  of  Cumberland  County;  residence  Mechanics- 
burg; graduated  at  University,  Baltimore,  March  3,  1885. 

Rodgers,  John  R.,  born  at  Cumberland  County;  resides  at  Sterrett's  Gap, 
graduated  at  Western  Reserve  University,  February  25,  1885. 

Eckels,  Geo.  M. ,  born  at  Mechanicsburg,  where  he  now  resides;  graduated 
at  Pennsylvania  University,  May  1,  1885. 

Casteel,  D.  T.,  of  Allen,  Cumberland  County;  born  in  Garrett  County, 
Md. ;  graduated  at  University  of  Maryland,  1885. 

Stouffer,  Alvin,  P.,  of  Shippensburg;  born  Goodville.  Lancaster  County; 
graduated  at  Pulte  Medical  College,  Cincinnati,  March  4,  1885.  His  diploma 
was  endorsed  by  Hahnemann  Medical  College. 

Kasten,  William  J.,  of  Boiling  Springs;  born  in  Baltimore;  graduated  at 
University  of  Maryland,  March  17,  1886. 

Spangler,  Jacob  B.,  of  Mechanicsburg;  born  in  Greencastle,  Perm. ;  gradu- 
ated at  Jefferson  Medical  College,  April  2,  1886. 

PHYSICIANS    IN    THE    COUNTY    REGISTERED    IN    THE     OFFICE    OF    THE    PROTHON0TARY    AT 

CARLISLE. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  physicians  in  Cumberland  County,  who,  in 
compliance  with  law,  have  registered  in  the  office  of  the  prothonotary  at  Car- 
lisle, their  names  occuring  in  the  order  of  registration: 


Isaac  Young  Reed.  Leesburg. 

John  A.  Morrett,  New  Kingston. 

R.  Lowry  Sibbet,  Carlisle. 

Geo.  W.  Ziegler,  Carlisle. 

John  C.  Claudy,  Newville. 

Charles  C.  Hamniel,  Mechanicsburg. 

L.  H.  Lenher,  Mechanicsburg. 

Bphraim  N.  Mosser,  Mechanicsburg. 

John  W.  Trimmer,  Lisburn. 

John  W.  Bowman.  Camp  Hill. 

Levi  Fulk,  New  Kingston. 

Eli  B.  Brandt.  Mechanicsburg. 

Jacob  W.  Roop,  New  Cumberland. 

George  Grove,  Big  Spring. 

Philip  R.  Koons,  Allen. 

R.  M.  Hays,  Newville. 

Jno.  H.  Sherman,  Mount  Holly  Springs. 

Wm.  W.  Dale,  Carlisle. 

Saml.  P.  Zeigler,  Carlisle. 

L.  P.  O'Neale,  Mechanicsburg. 

H.  D.  Cooper,  Newville. 

Adam  B.  Sechrist,  Upper  Allen  Township. 

Jacob  H.  Deardorff,  Mechanicsburg. 

Thos.  J.  Stevens,  Mechanicsburg. 

Z.  D.  Hartzell,  Newburg. 

C.  W.  Krise.  Carlisle. 

Jesse  Laverty,  Sr.,  East  Pennsborough  Tp. 

A.  A.  Thomson,  Carlisle. 

Jacob  H.  Smith.  Dickinson  Township. 

W.  F.  Reily,  Carlisle. 

Michael  L.  Hoover.  Silver  Spring  Township. 

Wm.  H.  Lougsdorf.  Carlisle. 

A.  J.  Herman,  Carlisle. 


John  L.  Baeher,  Leesburg. 

Robert  Graham  Young.  Mechanicsburg. 

Thomas  Stewart,  Sr.,  Carlisle. 

Thomas  Stewart,  Jr.,  Carlisle. 

Wm.  H.  Lauman,  Mount  Holly  Springs. 

David  C.  Cramer,  Newburg. 

Robt.  W.  Ross,  Shepherdstown. 

Matthew  B.  Rodgers.  Middlesex  Township. 

Wm.  A.  English,  Shippensburg. 

Mrs.  Susie  A.  English,  Shippensburg. 

Austin  Best.  Shiremanstown. 

Alvin  I.  Miller,  Carlisle. 

Theophilus  L.  Neff,  Carlisle. 

James  G.  Fickel,  Carlisle. 

Robt.  N.  Short,  Mechanicsburg. 

Wm.  B.  Reynolds,  Newville. 

Jno.  J.  Koser,  Shippensburg. 

Henry  R.  Williams,  Hogestown. 

Robt.  P.  Long.  Mechanicsburg. 

George  Fulmer.  Mechanicsburg. 

ChasT  H.  Hepburn.  Carlisle. 

Geo.  Hemminger.  Carlisle. 

Robt.  C.  Stewart,  Shippensburg. 

Jas.  B.  Marshall,  Shippensburg. 

Alex.  Stewart.  Shippensburg. 

Wm.  M.  Witherspoon,  Shippensburg. 

David  D.  Hayes,  Shippensburg. 

Wm.  G.  Stewart,  Newville. 

Joshua  E.  Van  Camp,  Plainfield. 

Saml. Myers,  West  Pennsborough  Township. 

Saml.  H.  Brehtn,  Newville. 

Robt.  S.  Prowell,  New  Cumberland. 

Saml.  M.  Smith,  Heberlig. 


HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  CO!  HTT. 


1ST 


Bob)   c   m  trenail.  Weal  Fairview.1 

B   il   i     Birler,  Bloaerville. 

M    M    Ritchie,  Carlisle. 

Henry  W.  Linebaugh,  Mew  Cumberland. 

I    Qouck.  IS  riling  Springs. 
brael  BeUs,  Oakville. 
P,  15.  Leber  knight,  Ni 
Austin  W.  Nichols,  Camp  Hill. 
.1    I.  Bctaoch,  Bhippi  nsburg. 

■  loover,  Upper  Allen  Township. 

l>   u    Baa w  esl  Fairview. 

w    8   Bruckart,  Bhiremanstown. 
Win.  K   Cornog,  Mount  Boll)  Springs. 

-    Bender,  Carlisle. 
Finley  K.  Rodj  i  sburg. 

Charfee  A.  Eowland,  Bhippensburg 

B    M..vcr.  Bfecb  inicsburg. 
Edward  8.  Conlyn,  Carlisle. 

Joseph  T  11 r,  S  luthampton  Township. 

Joseph  11    Mowers,  Bhippensburg. 
Fred   Bartzell,  Churchtown. 

rliale. 
S:iml   N.  Eckee,  Jacksonville. 
Joseph  C.  Da  I  >Uy  Springs. 

11    11    Longsdorf,  Dickinson. 
B.  Kiefler,  Carlisle. 
Levi  Clay,  Wesl  Pensborough  Township. 


B   P  Bai  kus,  Phil  uii 

liling  Bprings. 
J.  k    Bowers,  Read 
.1   .i    Desbler,  Bhippensburg. 
Robt  B.  Pollinger,  Carlisle. 
Wilmol  Ai  res,  Middlesex. 

.1.1'     I  'IT      \r»    I  'Hill! 

M:ix  Von  Slutterheim,  Newvflle. 

:    burg. 
c   M.  Pager,  Weal  Fairview. 
John  Logan,  Barrisburg. 
John  II.  Eauffman.  Newburg. 
Koin.  M.  McQary.  Bhiremanstown. 
s    I.   Diven,  Carlisle. 
John  r.  Bobach,  Mechanicaburg. 

Pi  irrs.  lloim  I 
\|   .1.  Jackson,  New  York  City. 
David  A    Lauck,  Mechanicsburg. 
Jno.  R   Rodgers,  Bterretfa  Gap. 
Geo.  M    i  i  !•  :     Mechanicsburg. 
i    .i    Heckert,  Wormleysburg. 
I).  T.  E.  Casteel,  Allen. 
Q.  8.  ( lomstock,  Bloserville. 
A    P  Btaufler,  Bhippensburg. 
W.  J.  Kaaten,  Boiling  Springs. 
Jacob  IS.  Bpangler,  Ma  b  inicsburg. 
■    irlisle. 


01  MllHU.AND    CorXTY    MEDICAL    SOCIETY. 

On  the  17th  of  July.  L866,  the  Medical  Society  of  Cumberland  County  was 
organized,  by  the  following  gentlemen:  .—,«., 

Drs.  W.  W.  Dale,  Saml.  P.  Zeigler,  S.  B.  Keiffer,  J.  J.  Zitner,  A.  D.  Schel- 
lino-  \  J  Herman,  E.  K.  Demme,  Carlisle;  James  B.  Herring,  R.  N.  Short. 
EUB.  Hnui.lt.  Mechanicaburg;  Joseph  ('rain.  Richard  M.  Cram,  Hogestown; 
M  B.  Mosser,  Bhiremanstown;  John  D.  Bowman,  White  Hall:  E.  H.  Coover, 
New  Cumberland;  D.  W.  Bashore.Wesi  Fairview;  R.  C.  Hays,  W.W.  Nevin, 
Bhippensburg;  W.  G.  Stewart,  Middle  Springs;  \\".  H.  Lowman,  Mount  Holly 
Springs;  J.  W.  C.  Cuddy,  Mount  Rock;  David  Aid.  M.  P.  Robinson,  G.  W. 
Haldeman,  Newville. 

The  temporary  officers  elected  wore  Dr.  J.  Cram,  president;  Dr.  (t.  \\ . 
Haldeman.  secretary. 

A  constitution  and  by-laws  were  adopted,  consisting  of  fourteen  articles  in 
the  former  and  seven  in  the  latter.  Article  III  of  the  constitution 
"Any  gentleman  who  is  a  resident  of  this  county,  having  a  good  moral  char 
aoter,  and  in  regular  standing  with  the  profession,  shall  be  eligible  to  member- 
ship." The  membership  fee  is  fixed  at  $2.  Meetings  are  held  on  first  Tues- 
days  of  January,  May  and  September  of  each  year. 

\-  ahowingthe  nature  of  the  topics  discussed  at  regular  meetings,  the  list 
of  subjects  for  the  meeting  held  at  the  Endian  Industrial  School  on  Thursday 
afternoon,  June  24,  L886,  is  given:  Obstetric  Practice.  Dr.  Hiram  Corson; 
Hospital  Clinic  Dr.  0.  G.  Given,  Uterine  Displacements;  Dr.  M.  K.  Bowers; 
Early   D  ind  Treatment  of  Phthisis,    Dr.  S.   H    Brehm;  Luxations, 

Dr.  R.  R.  Koons:  Narcotic--  Their  Uses  and  Abuses,  Dr.  R.  L.   Sihbet. 

The  present  corps  of  officers  embraces  the  following  well-known  gentlemen: 

ler,  president;  Drs.  W.   F.   Reilj  and  L.  H.  Lenher,  vice- 

presidents;  Dr.  T.  Stewart.  Jr.,   recording  secretary;    Dr.  R.  L.  Sihbet,  cor- 

p.  Zeigler,  treasurer;   Drs.  E.  V    Mosser,  J.  J. 

Koeer,  J.  C.  Claudy,  J.  W.  Bowman  and  W.  H.  Longsdorf,  cei 


188  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 


CHAPTER  X. 

The  Press — Of  Carlisle — Or  Shippensburg— Of  Mechanicsburg — Of  New- 
ville— Of  Mount  Holly. 

THE  corner-stones  of  modern  civilization  are  the  family,  the  school,  the 
church  and  the  State.  Each  of  these  has  its  functions  to  perform  and 
its  mission  to  till  in  the  world's  progress.  In  proportion  as  each  one  accom- 
plishes its  work  successfully,  will  the  succeeding  organization  be  better  sup- 
plied with  competent  agents  and  preparation  to  move  forward  to  the 
accomplishment  of  its  destined  mission.  If  the  preparation — the  preparatory 
training — in  each  be  made  satisfactory,  a  race  of  men  and  women  will  ultimately 
be  developed  that  will  meet  the  demands  of  Holland's  "  Men  for  the  Hour:" 
"  God  give  us  men!  a  time  like  this  demands 

Strong  minds,  great  hearts,  true  faith  and  ready  hands; 

Men  whom  the  lust  of  office  does  not  kill; 

Men  whom  the  spoils  of  office  can  not  buy; 

Men  who  possess  opinions  and  a  will; 

Men  who  have  honor — men  who  will  not  lie; 

Men  who  can  stand  before  a  demagogue 

And  damn  his  treacherous  flatteries  without  winking; 

Tall  men,  sun-crowned,  who  live  above  the  fog 

In  public  duty  and  in  private  thinking." 

The  public  press  supplies  the  mental  and  moral  pabulum  for  these  four 
cardinal  organizations.  It  is  a  sort  of  general  text-book  for  this  educational 
quartet — an  omnium  gatherum  of  this  world's  sayings  and  doings — a  witches' 
kettle  into  which  are  thrown  more  heterogeneous  elements  than  Shakspeare 
ever  dreamed  of — a  sheet,  not  always  let  down  from  heaven,  but  containing 
all  manner  of  beasts  and  birds  and  creeping  things,  clean  and  unclean.  Such 
is  the  modern  newspaper — the  power  greater  than  the  throne.  Formerly,  the 
public  speaker  enlightened  the  people  upon  the  great  political  and  other 
questions  of  the  day.  Now  he  finds  that  the  press  has  preceded  him,  and  has 
found  an  audience  in  every  household  of  the  land.  It  is  the  source  of  infor- 
mation^the  means  of  forming  public  sentiment.  He  can  arouse  enthusiasm, 
perhaps,  and  direct  forces,  but  he  can  not  enlighten  as  before. 

The  press  of  Cumberland  County  has  exerted  an  important  influence  in  its 
development.  Regret  is  to  be  expressed  that  more  complete  files  have  not 
been  preserved  of  the  various  papers  issued,  for  they,  afford,  when  perfect,  the 
fullest  local  history  of  a  people  to  be  had.  Prom  Dr.  Wing' s  excellent  history, 
as  well  as  from  a  variety  of  other  sources,   the  following  facts  are  gleaned: 

THE    PRESS    OF     CARLISLE. 

The  Carlisle  Weekly  Gazette,  a  small  four-paged  sheet  issued  in  July,  1785, 
on  blue  paper,  by  Kline  and  Reynolds,  was  the  first  publication  of  the  kind  in 
the  county,  and  probably  the  first  west  of  the  Susquehanna.  It  continued  till 
1815,  and  files  of  it,  more  or  less  perfect,  are  still  preserved.  Its  subscription 
price  was  15  shillings  ($2)  per  annum,  or  6  cents  per  single  copy.  It  advo- 
cated the  doctrines  of  the  Federalists. 

The  Carlisle  Eagle,  according  to  one  account,  began  in  October,  1799,  and 
was  published  by  John  P.  Thompson,  deputy  postmaster,  until  1S02,  when  he 


BISTORT  OF  CUMBBBLAND  county.  189 

was  soooeeded  by  Archibald  London,  who  oontinned  in  thai  oapacitj  for  about 
two  years,  George  Phillips  acting  as  editor,  In  L804,  Capt  Wm.  Alexander, 
afterward  an  officer  in  the  war  of  L812,  assumed  editorial  management  under 
the  ownership  of  Kirs.  Ann  C.  Phillips,  and  oontinned  the  same  till  about 
L828  24,  when  the  paper  passed  into  the  hands  of  Gem  E.  -M.  Biddle  and 
Geo.  W.  Hitnerwho  ohanged  the  nam.'  to  Carlisle  Herald  and  Expositor. 
I  Fleming,  George  M.  Phillips,  son  of  George  Phillips,  and  Robert  M. 

tiiddleton  were  successively  its  editors.     Middleton,  who  was  an  able  aewa 

paperman,  was  suooeeded  by  Capt  E.  Beatty,  who  edited  the  si I  from  L843 

to  L857.  After  this  period  it-  name  was  changed  again  to  Carlisle  Herald, 
ami  it  was  edited  successively  by  A.  U.  Kheem  and  .lames  Dunbar.  By 
;  }  of  time  it  passed  into  the  hand- of  Weaklej   &  Wallace;  and  subse- 

quently was  published  by  a  regular  organization  known  as  the  "Carlisle  Her- 
ald Publishing  Company." 

In  March.  L881,  B  paper  known  a- the  Mirror  was  merged  into  into  it;  and 
lor   a  time  the   Herald  was  issued  semi  weekly  under   the  name  of  Herald 

ami  Mirror.      The  editor-   under   the   I tpanj   ha\e   been  J.   Marion   Weakley, 

Esq  .  0.  Haddock.  Alfred  H.  Adam-.  William  E.  Tricked.  Esq.,  and  John 
Hays,  Esq.,  present  editor.  It  has  been  rigidly  consistent  in  its  political 
principles,  being  first  Federal,  then  Whig,  and  ever  since  Republican. 

The  Cumberland  Register  was  a  small  paper  published  by  Archibald  Lou- 
don. The  Qumber dated  June  22,  1M  i.  is  numbered  No.  40,  Vol.  IX.,  showing 
that  the  paper  must  have  been  begun  about  1804. 

The  American  Volunteer  was  started  in  L81 1.  during  the  progress  of  the 
war  with  Great  Britain,  by  Win.  B.  and  James  Underwood,  brothers,  by 
whom  it  was  conducted  conjointly  till  one  of  them  .lied  and  the  other  conduct- 
ed it  until  L836,  when  George  Sanderson  bought  it  for  about  $300.  By  San- 
derson it  was  carried  on  till  L845,  when  Messrs.  Bratton  &  Boyer  purchased 
it.  Boyer  after  a  time  withdrew  and  established  a  new  paper,  called  The 
American  Democrat,  rival.  J.  B.  Bratton  continuing  the  Volunteer.  He  edit 
ed  it  in  connection  with  hi-  duties  a-  postmaster  during  the  administrations  of 
Pierce  and  Buchanan,  and  up  to  I  si',:.,  when  he  associated  Wm.  B.  Kennedy 
with  him  in  the  enterprise.  Kennedy  continued  it  till  1871,  when  he  -..Id 
back  to  Bratton.  who  conducted  the  paper  alone  from  1 S  ,  1  to  IS,  i.  At  that 
time  i  April.  I  -77)  Mr.  Bratton  -old  it  to  Eon  S.  M.  Wherry,  a  farmer  in  South 
ampton  Township,  near  Shippensburg,  and  an  intelligent  citizen,  graduate  of 
Princeton,  who  owned  it  twenty  months  and  then  sold  it  I  December.  ISiS)  to 
Jacob  Zeamer.  the  present  manager.  The  paper  has  been  Democratic  from 
its  origin,  and  -till  maintains  it-  position 

In  ivJ'J.  ,-i  paper  known  as  the  Carlislt  Gazette  was  started  by  John  Mc- 
Cartney. He  continued  it  for  three  years  when  John  Wightman  seized  the 
editorial  quill,  and  ran  it  for  a  time.  It-  subsequent  career  i-  wrapped  in 
mystery. 

About  the  same  time,  religious  journalism  was  represented  by  a  weekly 
known  as  The  Religious  Miscellany.  It  was  published  on  the  press  of  Flem- 
ing &.  Geddes.  and  was  announce  i  ae  "  containing  information  relative  to  the 
Church  of  Christ,  together  with  interesting  literary  and  political  notices  of 
event-,  which  occur  in  the  world."  After  struggling  "with  its  evil  star"  for 
several  year-,   it  peacefully  departed  for  tin-  "sweet  by  ami  by. 

In  August,  1830,  the  Messenger  •■/'  Useful  Knowledge  was  issued  from  the 

same  press,  in  pamphlet  form,  under  tl ditorial  control  of  Prof.  Ro( 

Dickii:  After  one  year's  existence,   it.  too,   quietlj    breathed  its 

last  and  slept  with  its  ancestors. 


190  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

The  Valley  Sentinel  (daily  and  weekly)  was  started  April  22,  1861,  in 
Shippensburg.  The  gathering  clouds  of  the  great  civil  war,  the  mustering 
squadrons,  the  response  to  the  country's  call  to  arms  of  the  fathers  and  sons 
of  the  country  were  taking  away  from  home  so  many  of  our  people,  that  the 
citizens  of  this  rich -and  beautiful  valley  felt  that  they  must  have  a  newspaper 
to  bring  them  frequent  and  correct  reports  from  the  army  of  those  who  had 
gone  away  and  left  at  home  so  many  aching  hearts.  A  meeting  of  prominent 
citizens  was  had,  and  a  stock  company  organized,  and  twenty-eight  sub- 
scribers to  the  stock  secured  $1,100  to  purchase  the  material  for  the  office. 
The  material  secured,  William  Kennedy,  of  Chambersburg,  was  placed  in 
charge.  The  first  issue  was  April  22,  1861,  published  weekly,  Democratic 
in  politics;  and  in  this  style  was  published  until  1865,  nearly  1,000  subscribers 
being  on  its  books. 

In  1865  Mr.  Kennedy  retired  from  the  Sentinel,  and  in  partnership  with  Mr. 
J.  B.  Bratton  commenced  the  publication  of  the  American  Volunteer,  in  Car- 
lisle, and  the  Valley  Sentinel  was  put  in  charge  of  Joseph  T.  Rippey,  a  young 
maD,  a  practical  printer  from  Baltimore.  Mr.  Rippey,  tired  of  the  enter- 
prise, left  it  November  3,  1866,  closing  the  office  and  stopping  the  publi- 
cation. 

November  26,  1866,  a  meeting  of  the  stockholders  tendered  the  editor- 
ial charge  to  R.  J.  Coffey,  of  Cleversburg,  who  was  then  teaching  school  in 
Sidetown.  After  a  suspension  of  one  month  Mr.  Coffey  revived  the  publica- 
tion December  5,  1866.  Within  the  next  year  it  was  twice  enlarged,  the  old 
Washington  hand-press  replaced  by  a  Cotterell  &  Babcock  power-press,  and 
steam-power  introduced,  new  type,  and  it  became  a  thirty-two  column  paper 
and  flourished  greatly.  Mr.  Coffey  had  in  the  meantime  become  chief  owner 
of  the  stock,  so  that  on  and  after  July  4,  1869,  he  became  sole  proprietor  and 
editor.  President  Johnson  appointed  Mr.  Coffey  United  States  revenue  asses- 
sor. In  April,  1869,  the  greater  portion  of  the  Sentinel  office  was  destroyed 
by  fire,  and  again  in  1870  it  had  another  fire  visitation,  but,  phcenix-like,  it 
quickly  arose  from  the  ashes,  each  time  with  equal  or  greater  facilities 
added. 

In  1871  Mr.  Coffey  sold  the  office  and  good- will  of  the  Valley  Sentinel  to 
Mr.  T.  F.  Singiser,  of  Mechanicsburg,  for  the  sum  of  $4,372,  reserving  the 
collection  of  all  outstanding  dues  to  the  office.  At  this  time  the  circulation 
had  reached  1, 538  copies.  Six  months  after  the  sale  Mr.  Coffey  purchased 
back  the  paper,  and  published  it  until  March  10,  1872,  when  the  concern  was 
forced  into  the  bankrupt  courts,  and  Mr.  Coffey's  connection  with  the  paper 
ceased.  By  order  of  the  United  States  Court  it  was  sold  in  May,  1872,  and 
George  Bobb,  A.  H.  Brinks,  H.  Manning  and  H.  K.  Peffer  became  the  pur- 
chasers. Under  the  new  management  the  publication  was  resumed  May  30, 
1872,  Mr.  Peffer  in  editorial  charge.  January  16,  1873,  the  firm  becam  Pef- 
fer, Brinks  &  Co.,  Mr.  Manning  retiring.  In  January,  1873,  the  Sentinel 
proprietors  purchased  the  entire  material  of  the  Democratic  Safeguard,  a  de- 
funct newspaper  that  had  a  brief  and  troubled  career  in  Shippensburg. 

May  22,  1874,  the  office  of  the  Valley  Sentinel  passed  to  the  hands  of  the 
present  owner,  H.  K.  Peffer,  and  the  office  at  once  removed  to  its  present 
home — Carlisle.  Only  missing  one  issue  it  appeared  as  an  eight-page,  forty- 
eight  columns,  and  much  improved  every  way.  Sparkling,  bright  and  newsy  it 
then  started  upon  a  new  career.  Its  prosperity  was  unexampled;  in  the  spring 
of  1881  Rheem's  Hall  was  purchased,  and  at  once  converted  into  a  most  com- 
modious and  elegant  home  for  the  newly  arrived  paper,  where  it  now  issues 
daily  and  weekly  editions  to  its  constituency  of  eager  readers. 


BI8T0B1   OP  ii  MBERLAND  COUNTY.  L9J 

Deoember  18,  lssl.  the  proprietors  made  the  bold  venture  of  issuing  a 
il;iil_\  paper,  commencing  as  a  t i n < -  column  folio.  It  \\a-  welcomed  bj  man; 
fri.Mi.l-.  l.ut  some  feared  it  could  nol  Bustain  itself.  It  has.  though.  Indeed, 
bo  popular  and  prosperous  was  the  daily  thai  H  has  nol  only  sustained  itself, 
but  has  been  enlarged   three  times,  the  lasi    improvemenl    occurring  August 

17.  L886.     tt  c menced  a  modesl   five  column   paper,  and  now  it  is  a  Beven 

column,  ever;  inch  of  its  space  crowded  with  the  latesi  news,  rigorous  editor 
ials,  choice  literary  and  mi. ■.•Han is  matter  and  paying  advertisements. 

It  must  nol  be  supposed  thai  the  foregoing  h-t  exhausts  the  products  of 
the  Carlisle  press,  [n  both  the  temporary  and  permaneni  form,  publications 
have  issued  thick  as  autumnal  leaves  in  the  valley  of  Vallambrosa."  Sum.' 
of  th.'  K...ks  issuo.l  were  works  of  considerable  merit. 

THE    I'll!  SB    "1     -Hi  Ui  Nffl 

For  a  brief  period,  during  the  early  part  of  the  present  century,  John  life 
Farland,  a  politician  of  th.'  Jacksonian  school,  published  at  Shippensburg  a 

small  paper,  th.'  name  of  which  is  not  recalled 

Apnl  in.  L833,  th.-  Shippensburg  Free  Press  made  its  appearance  under 
the  watchful  car.'  of  Augustus  l'lomm.  On  the  19th  of  the  ensuing  Septem- 
ber David  D.  Clark  and  James  Culbertsoi mmencedthe  publication  of  a 

rival  paper  called  The  Intelligencer.  November  1  I.  of  the  Bame  year,  th.'  two 
papers  were  consolidated  under  th.' title  of  Free  Press,  Fromm  having  sold 
his  Bstabliahmeni  to  hi-  rivals.  Aiter  a  brief  existence  the  Free  Press  was 
permitted  to  die  for  the  want  of  ••the  sinews  of  war." 

I  :  May,  ls;iT.  the  first  number  of  the  Shippensburg  Herald  was  launched  by 
John  F.  Weishampel.  ami  its  existence  guaranteed  for  about  two  years.  After 
\\  ei-hanrpel's  exit  from  the  editorial  tripod,  rlenrj  Glaridge  revived  the  Her 
«/./  for  a  few  week-,  and  then  allowed  it  "to  sleep  the  sleep  that  knows  no 
waking." 

On  the  1st  Of  April,  1840,  the  Cumlxrland  ami  Franklin  (airjrllr.  under  the 
supervision  of  William  M.  Baxter,  did  obeisance  to  a  patronizing  public,  ami 
continue.)  on  the  stage  for  more  than  a  year,  and  then  took  an  affectionate  but 
final  farewell. 

Toward  the  close  of  1841  The  Cumberland  Valley,  directed  by  William  A. 
Kinsloe.  made  it-  bid  for  public  favor.  On  the  2d  of  November.  1842,  its 
ownership  was  transferred  by  sale  to  Robert  Koontz  and  John  McCurdy.  Aftei 
about  six  month-  Mr.  Koontz  became  sole  owner.  This  relation  continued  for 
a  short  time,  when  Mr.  Kinsloe  secured  the  paper  a  second  time.  By  him  it 
was  permitted  to  "depart  in  peace." 

The  Weekly  News  was  born  April  26,  L844,  under  the  parentage  of  John 
L.  Baker,  by  whom  it  was  sold,  in  a  few  years,  to  Jacob  Bomberger.  In  1851 
D.  K.  Wagner  formed  a  partnership  with  Mr.  Bomberger.  and  in  1856  -old 
out  hi-  interest  Mr.  Bomberger  -old  In-  interesl  to  Edward  \\  Gurriden, 
who  published  it  till  1863,  when  he  disposed  of  it  to  Daniel  W.  Thrush.  Esq. 
In  1867  rl  passed  into  the  hands  of  D.  K.and.I.  G.  Wagner,  its  present  owners. 
In  1845  16  Messrs.  Cooper  &  Decheri  established  b  Democratic  paper 
called  The  Valley  Spirit,  which  they  removed,  in  a  year  or  two,  to  Chambei 
burg.     It  is  now  the  Democratic  i  ranklin  CJounty. 

Tht  Shippensburg  Chronicle  was  established  on  the  1th  of  February,  1875, 
by  B.  K  i.  dyear  and  Samuel  R.  Murray;  and  was  conducted  bj  them  until 
January.  1879,  when  Mr.  1).  A.  Orr,  now' of  the  Chambersburg  Valley  Spirit 
became  editor  and  proprietor.  It  remained  in  his  possession  until  Ln 
gust,  15,  1ST'.'.  wh.n  Messrs.  Sanderson  &  Bro.   became  proprietor-.     Thesi 


192  HISTORY   OF  CUMBERLAND   COUNTY. 

gentlemen  conducted  it  until  May  9,  1882,  when  it  passed  into  the  hands  of 
Wolfe  &  McClelland,  the  former  assuming  editorial  charge.  Prof.  Wolfe  had 
been  a  teacher  for  several  years,  and  resigned  his  position  in  the  Cumberland 
Valley  State  Normal  School  to  take  full  charge  of  the  Chronicle.  It  is  ably 
managed  and  circulates  among  a  good,  thrifty  class  of  people. 

Valley  Sentinel. — [See  account  of  this  newspaper  under  "Press  of  Car- 
lisle."] 

THE    PKESS    OF    MECHANICSBURG. 

The  first  newspaper  published  in  Mechanicsburg  was  called  The  Microcosm. 
It  began  in  1835  under  the  foster-care  of  Dr.  Jacob  Weaver,  but  yielded  up 
its  small -world  spirit  in  a  short  time.  The  Scliool  Visitor,  published  a  short 
time  afterward  by  A.  F.  Cox,  soon  shared  a  similar  fate.  In  due  course  of 
time  (1813  or  1814)  The  Independent  Press  appeared  under  the  direction  of 
Mr.  Sprigman.  Its  spirit  was  independent  but  its  body  was  dependent  on 
bread  and  butter,  and  hence  its  early  decease. 

In  1853  or  1854  the  Mechanicsburg  Gleaner  was  founded  by  John  B.  Flynn. 
It  was  issued  with  considerable  regularity  till  185(5,  when  it  was  sold  to  Samuel 
Fernall,  who,  in  turn,  disposed  of  it,  in  1858,  to  W.  E.  McLaughlin.  He 
changed  the  name  of  the  paper  to  Weekly  Gazette.  After  a  time  he  sold  his 
interest  to  David  J.  Carmany,  foreman  of  the  office,  who  made  some  marked 
improvements,  and  changed  the  title  to  The  Cumberland  Valley  Journal.  He 
conducted  it  in  the  interest  of  the  g.  o.  p.  till  January,  1871,  when,  owing  to 
ill  health,  he  sold  the  establishment  to  Joseph  Ritner,  grandson  of  the  old 
governor  of  like  name. 

In  March,  1868,  a  paper  was  started  by  a  joint-stock  company,  and  called 
The  Valley  Democrat.  Capt.  T.  F.  Singiser  was  chosen  editor  and  publisher. 
In  December,  1870,  the  Democrat  was  purchased  by  R.  H.  Thomas  and  E.  C. 
Gardner,  the  latter  having  a  third  interest  and  acting  as  local  editor.  By  them 
the  name  was  changed  to  The  Valley  Independent.  In  September,  1872,  Mr. 
Thomas  purchased  the  Cumberland  Valley  Journal  and  consolidated  it  with 
his  paper,  naming  the  product  The  Independent  Journal,  by  which  title  it  is 
still  known,  and  under  which  it  advocates  non-partisan,  independent  senti- 
ments. 

In  1873  Mr.  Thomas  purchased  of  Mr.  Gardner  his  interest  in  the  news- 
paper business,  and  then  sold  an  interest  to  Maj.  H.  C.  Deming,  of  Harris- 
burg.  In  January,  1874,  Messrs.  Thomas  and  Deming  established  The  Farmer  s 
Friend  and  Grange  Advocate,  a  paper  devoted  to  the  interests  of  the  Patrons 
of  Husbandly  in  the  Middle  States.  It  soon  secured  a  large  circulation,  and 
is  now  the  oldest  grange  paper  in  the  United  States.  In  1878  Mr.  Deming 
sold  his  interest  to  Mr.  Thomas,  who  continued  to  be  its  editor  and  publisher. 

The  Saturday  Journal  was  established  in  October,  1878,  by  R.  H.  Thomas, 
Jr.  It  began  and  has  continued  as  a  Republican  paper  during  political  cam- 
paigns, but  ordinarily  is  a  newsy  society  paper. 

Journalism  in  Mechanicsburg  has  suffered  many  reverses,  newspaper  men 
having  suffered  the  following  losses,  as  shown  by  the  books:  Mr.  Flynn,  §3,000; 
Messrs.  Fernall  and  McLaughlin,  $2,000;  Mr.  Singiser,  $5,000;  Mr.  Car- 
many,  $4,500;  Mz\  Ritner,  $3,500;  R.  H.  Thomas,  before  securing  a  good  foot- 
hold $8,000. 

About  1S73,  a  paper  called  The  Bepublicari  was  started,  but  sis  months'  ter- 
restrial existence  satisfied  its  desire  for  life.  In  June,  1877,  J.  J.  Miller  and 
J.  N.  Young,  started  the  Semi-  Weekly  Ledger,  a  Republican  journal.  After 
the  first  year  A.  J.  Houck  was  received  as  a  partner,  vice  Young  retired.  The 
paper  was  changed  to  a  weekly,  but  finally  disappeared  from  the  scene  of 
earthly  conflict. 


tt-tx?^/ 


BISTORx  OF  CI  MBERLAND  001  NTT,  L96 

Other  ephemeral  publications  have  issued  from  Rfechaniosburg,  but  their 
names  being  legion,  oan  noi  be  recalled.     At  present  the  entire  field  is  held  by 

It.    II.    rhomas,  proprietor  of  a  mammoth  publishing  house,  which  has  I q 

developed  l>y  plnokand  perseverance. 

Tin  NKWVILLK. 

The  first  effort  to  establish  a  newspaper  in  Newville,  was  made  by  ;i  Mr. 
Baxter  in  L843,  by  the  transfer  of  The  Central  Engine  from  Newburg.  The 
ezperimont  proving  unsuooessful,  the  enterprise  continued  but  a  few  months. 
The  next  effort  was  made  in  1858,  when  J.  M.  Miller  began,  in  company  with 
John  ('.  Wagner,  the  publication  of  The  stm-  of  tin-  Valley,  a  non-partisan 
weekly,  which  January  1.  L885,  J.  ('.  Fosnol  bought,  his  sun.  George  B.  McC, 
conducting  same  for  one  year,  when  Mr  Fosnol  united  it  with  the  Enterprise, 
under  name  <>f  star  an'l  Enterprise,  the  double  paper  achieving  a  ran'  success, 

In  December,  lsTl.  the  Fosnol  Bros,  brought  from  Oakville,  where  ithad 
been  established  in  May.  lsTl.  a  paper  known  as  The  Enterprise,  commenced 
by  J.  C.  Fosnot,  which  was  amalgamated  with  The  Star  of  the  Valley. 

About  1858,  Tht  Weekly  Native  was  started  by  J.  •).  Herron;  but  its  fail- 
ure to  secure  a  proper  patronage  gave  it  a  permanent  leave  of  absence  from 
the  field  journalism. 

In  May,  L882,  John  W.  Strohm  began  the  publication  of  the  Plainfleld 
Tones,  at  Plainfleld,  this  county,  which,  in  November,  L885,  he  removed  to 
Newville.  and  called  The  Newville  Times,  having  a  large  circulation.  In  Au- 
gust, lss:;.  Mr.  Strohm  started  a  matrimonial  paper,  called  Cupid's  Corner, 
which  has  proved  a  profitable  venture. 

THE    IK  1  38    ,u     MOUHT    HOLLY. 

Mount  Holly  has  a  paper  known  as  the  Mountain  Echo,  R.  M.  Earley, 
editor,  publisher  and  proprietor. 


CHAPTER  XI. 
Educational-   Leo  w.  EIistoet—  Early  Schools— Dickinson  College— Metz- 

SAK  FeHALI  I  MSTITD  FE— INDIAN  l\m  STKIAL  SCHOOL  -(  '!  Mi:i  RLAND  VAL- 
LEY State  Normal  School  Tj  icbers'  Institute— County  superintend- 
ents. 

legal  history. 

THE  history  of  education   in   Pennsylvania   may  be  said   to   date  from  the 
beginning  "I"  Perm's  colony  on  the  hanks  of  the  Delaware. 
In  the  first  plan  of  government  drawn  up  by  Perm,  in  1682,  provision  was 
made  for  the   "governor  and  provincial  council  to  erect  and  order  all  public 
schools,  and  reward  the  authors  of  useful  sciences  and  laudable  inventions  in 
said  provino 

In  the  year  following  a  school  for  the  education  of  the  young  was  founded 
by  enactment   of  the   provincial   council:   and.  to  further  the  design,  it  , 
one  Enoch  Flower  to  conduct  the  school  work.      The   branches  taught  were 
ig,  writing,  and  the  casting  of  accounts.''      This  was  the  first  school 
established  within  the  present  boundaries  of  Pennsylvania. 


196  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

In  1698  a  school  was  organized  by  the  Society  of  Friends  in  Philadelphia, 
in  which  all  children  and  servants  might  be  taught,  and  provision  was  made 
' '  for  the  instruction  of  the  poor,  gratis. "  Several  charters  were  granted  this 
school  by  Penn,  the  final  one  in  1711,  extending  the  privileges  and  rights  so 
as  to  form,  in  reality,  a  public  school,  the  first  in  Pennsylvania. 

The  work  thus  begun  was  aided  by  private  contributions,  and  it  was  as  late 
as  April,  1776,  that  the  first  school  law  was  adopted,  which  provided  that  a 
' '  school  or  schools  shall  be  established  by  the  Legislature  for  the  convenient 
instruction  of  youth,  with  such  salaries  to  the  masters  paid  by  the  public  as 
will  enable  them  to  instruct  youth  at  low  prices,"  and  which  set  apart  60,000 
acres  of  land  as  a  permanent  endowment  for  said  schools,  the  income  from 
said  land  to  be  invested,  and  the  said  schools  to  be  conducted  by  the  Legisla- 
ture as  their  discretion  might  dictate. 

Thus  it  will  be  seen  that  the  educational  interest  was  left  wholly  at  the 
mercy  of  men  who  had  little,  if  any,  experience  in  educational  matters,  and  who 
were  occupied  with  weightier  affairs  than  the  fostering  of  a  young  school  system. 
Even  with  State  aid  the  schools  were  neglected,  and  had  to  be  nourished 
by  the  bounty  of  benevolent  persons  who  contributed  to  the  support  of  the 
struggling  interest.  In  1788  a  subscription  of  something  near  £40,  signed  by 
the  leading  citizens  and  containing  the  following  agreement,  was  taken  in 
Cumberland  County:  "Whereas,  a  number  of  children  in  the  borough  of 
Carlisle,  from  the  extreme  indigence  of  their  parents,  are  brought  up  in  the 
greatest  ignorance;  and,  whereas,  these  people  laboring  under  the  unfortunate 
condition  of  slavery,  are,  from  circumstances,  generally  debarred  from  acquir- 
ing a  knowledge  of  the  Holy  Scriptures  and  the  principles  of  morality ;  the 
subscribers  being  of  the  opinion  that  a  free  school  and  Sunday  evening  school, 
under  proper  regulations,  would  tend  to  the  advancement  of  knowledge  and  of 
good  order  in  society,  agree  to  pay  the  sums  annexed  to  their  names  for  one 
year  for  the  above  benevolent  purposes, ' '  etc. ,  which  may  serve  as  an  illustra- 
tion of  the  dependence  upon  personal  aid. 

But  an  advance  was  made  by  the  Constitution  of  1790,  which  stated  that 
' '  the  Legislature  should,  as  conveniently  as  might  be,  provide  by  law  for  the 
establishment  of  schools  throughout  the  State,  in  such  manner  that  the  poor 
mio-ht  be  taught  gratis. "  The  same  provision  occurred  in  the  law  of  1809, 
which  required  the  assessors  to  obtain  the  names  of  all  children  residing  in 
their  districts,  between  the  ages  of  five  and  twelve  years,  whose  parents  were 
too  poor  to  pay  for  their  schooling,  and  to  furnish  each  teacher  a  list  of  these 
names.  It  then  became  the  teacher's  duty  to  instruct  all  such  children  as 
applied  for  instruction,  and  to  present  the  county  commissioners  with  his 
account  for  the  tuition  of  these  same  children.  This  drawing  of  distinction 
between  rich  and  poor  aroused  violent  opposition  among  the  opponents  of  the 
measure,  who  termed  it  the  "pauper  system."  The  whole  number  of  chil- 
dren entered  in  these  schools  during  the  year  1833,  the  last  in  which  this  law 
was  in  force,  was  only  17,467,  and  the  expenditure,  in  their  behalf,  §48,466.25. 
In  1834  a  free  school  system  was  introduced  throughout  the  whole  State, 
which  continues,  with  certain  modifications  and  amendments,  to  be  the  school 
law  of  Pennsylvania.  There  were  many  opponents  to  the  law,  and.  as  its  ac- 
ceptance was  made  optional  with  each  district,  the  first  year  in  which  the  new 
law  was  in  operation  only  ninety-three  districts  out  of  900  were  reported  as 
having  adopted  it.  The  report  of  the  State  superintendent  shows  that  in 
Cumberland  County,  in  1834,  thirteen  districts  accepted,  three  rejected,  and 
one  not  reported — certainly  a  good  record,  considering  the  general  opposition 
where  in  the  State. 


HISTORY  OF  CUMBER]  IND  001  NTY.  197 

In  Carlisle,  however,  during  the  following  year,  there  was  "no  echo 
operation     (and  inadequate,  and  deemed  prudent  bj  the  directors  qoI  to  com 
menoe  at  present." 

t  ai;i  \    SI  BOO]  B. 

As  iii''  first  Bohool  had  been  started  under  Quaker it  ml.  the  German  set 

tlere  who  subsequently  entered  the  valley  were  compelled  to  submit  their  edrj 
oational  affairs  largely  to  the  schoolmaster  who  opened  the  private  school.  As 
a  general  rule,  the  school  was  conducted  bj  the  minister  of  the  village  church, 
and  tln>  building  used  was  ,il-i .  devoted  to  religious  worship.     Man]   of  the 

earliest  schools  were  even  conducted  in  barns,  and  verj  good  sol Is  they  were 

thought,  too.  'J '  1 1 . ■  earlj  teachers  in  Shippensburg  were  Andrew  Gibson,  John 
Chambers,  Jacob  Steinman,  John  Morrison,  Michael  Hubbley,  Robert  Mc- 
Ki'iin  aiul  Dr.  Kernan,  the  letter's  school  being  of  a  higher  grade  than  the 
others.  A  -elect  school  was  opened  by  two  ladies  named  Diary  Russell  and 
Elizabeth  Anderson,  in  1824,  which  became  verj  popular,  and  which  contin- 
ued,  under  the  charge  <'f    Miss   Eliza   Russell,   until    the  free  Bchool  system  was 

introduced,  when  it  was  closed,  the  proprietors  taking  charge  of  the  district 
school. 

In  Carlisle  Samuel  Tate,  Capt.  Smith.  Mrs.  Shaw,  and  others  not  known  of 
by  the  writer  were  the  early  teachers. 

About  tin'  _\ear  1809  a  Methodist  minister  liy  the  name  of  linden  conducted 
a  school  in  Silver  Spring  Township,  bul  he  was  shortly  succeeded  by  a  young 
Hessian  named  Henry  De  Lipkey,  who,  having  been  buffet  ted  about  by  the 
fickle  goddess,  became  soured  on  humanity,  and  dealt  many  a  stroke  upon  the 
backs  of  refractory  urchins.  John  Stevenson,  Michael  Boor,  Arthur  Moore 
Adam  Longsdorf  and  Milliard  Jameson,  the  latter  said  to  have  been  a  line 
mathematician,  were  also  known  among  the  early  teachers  in  the  township. 

A  church,  erected  by  general  contribution,  was  used  as  a  school  in  Allen 
Township,  and  was  presided  over  bj  a  Air.  McGlaughlin,  \\  illiam  Kline.  .John 
Foster,  -lame-  Methlin  and  Solomon  Tate.  Other  early  teachers  in  the  town 
ship  were  Messrs.  Bausman,  Durborrow  and  Pittinger. 

According  to  "Sypher's  Historj  of  Pennsylvania,"  the  first  school  of  a 
higher  grade  was  a  classical  school  opened  in  Carlisle  about  the  year  1760,     It 

was    in   charge   of   I Robert    McKinley,   and   continued   until  the  war  of  the 

Revolution,  when  both  principal  and  students  enlisted  in  the  patriot  army. 

Another  classical  school  was  in  operation  in  Carlisle  in  the  year  1781.  It 
was  at  first  a  school,"  but  was  enlarged  and  chartered  as  an  acad 

amy. 

An  institution  known  a-  the  Carlisle  Institute  was  opened  in  1831,  which 
acquired  a  age.     The  date  of  its  discontinuance  is  not  known. 

b    Newburg,  Hopewell  Township,  a  school  called   "  Hopewell  Academy " 
Bned   in    1812  b]    Mr.  John   Cooper,  a  linguist   of  no  mean  repot 
and  numbered  among  its  patrons  such  eminent    men    a-    Dr.  Alfred  Nevin,  H. 
VL  Wati  miniate]   to  Austria,  the   Rev.  I>r.  Samuel    Mc 

Coskry,  and  i  th<  rs  of  equal  prominence.  This  institution  was  maintained  nn- 
til  1832,  when  the  founder  n  mi  ved  to  Shippensburg. 

Two  classical  schools  were  opened  in  Newville-  one  in  1832,  by  Joseph 
1  tnl  the  other  in  1843,   l>_\   Air.  French,     The   lattei   changed  owners 

man]   times,    and  was  finally  Big    Spring    Academy,    under 

the  charge  ,,f  \v.  R,  Linn   and    Rev.   Hubert   McCachran,  in  whose  1 
perished. 

About  the  year  1840  a  select  school  was  opened  in  Mechanicsbnrg  bj  I.  I. 
Gillelen,  and  was  continued  by  him  with  much  success  until  1853,  when  it  was 


198  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

purchased  by  Rev.  Joseph  S.  Loose,  A.  M.  He  immediately  removed  it  to  a 
better  building,  and  termed  it  the  Cumberland  Valley  Institute.  This  in- 
stitution existed  until  recently,  its  various  owners  having  been  Mr.  I.  D.  Rupp, 
Messrs.  Lippincott,  Mullin  &  Reese,  Rev.  O.  Ege,  and  his  son,  A.  Ege,  A.  M 
Irving  Female  College,  at  Irvington  (East  Mechanicsburg),  was  founded 
as  a  seminary  for  ladies  by  Solomon  P.  Gorgas,  and  was  chartered  as  a  col- 
lege in  1857.  It  was  conducted  by  Rev.  A.  G.  Marlatt  until  his  death  in 
1865,  when  Rev.  T.  P.  Ege  was  elected.  It  was  located  in  a  comely  brick 
building,    capable  of  accommodating  forty  boarding,  in  addition  to  the  day 

PUPDr  R  Lowry  Sibbet,  a  graduate  of  Pennsylvania  College,  commenced  a 
private  school  in  Centerville,  Penn  Township,  in  1856.  It  was  conducted  by 
him  for  three  sessions,  during  which  he  instructed  in  the  Greek  and  Latin  lan- 
guages, higher  mathematics  and  natural  sciences.  Dr.  Sibbet  severed  his  con- 
nection with  this  school,  and  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  George  Hays  and  Mr.  E. 
M   Hays,  after  which  the  school  was  discontinued. 

Sometime  about  1848  a  classical  school  was  opened  in  New  Kingston  by  Mr. 
A.  W.  Lily,  a  graduate  of  Pennsylvania  College.  His  successor,  Rev.  J.  H. 
Cupp,  did  not  continue  long  in  the  enterprise,  and  it  was  abandoned  in 
1850.'  ,  .    _    ,   „ 

An  institution  called  White  Hall  Academy,  was  opened  in  East  Penns- 
borou^h  Township  in  1851,  by  Mi-.  David  Denlinger,  under  whose  charge  it 
was  operated  until  1867,  when  it  was  changed  to  a  Soldiers'  Orphan  School. 
It  was  then  purchased  by  Capt.  J.  A.  Moore  and  Mr.  F.  S.  Dunn,  and  was 
conducted  without  change  until  1875,  when  Messrs.  Amos  Smith  and  John 
Dunn  took  charge.      Capt.  Moore  is  the  present  able  and  popular  principal. 

In  1860  the  Episcopal  Church  founded  a  seminary  for  young  ladies,  called 
the  Mary  Institute,  in  Carlisle.  The  principals  have  been  Rev.  Francis 
J.  Clerc,  Rev.  William  C.  Leverett  and  Mary  W.  Dunbar.  It  has  been  dis- 
continued for  some  time.  . 

In  1858,  the  Sunny  Side  Female  Seminary  was  opened  m  JSewburg, 
with  Mrs.  Caroline  Williams  as  principal.  She  married  Rev.  Daniel  Will- 
iams, a  few  years  after,  and  under  his  charge  the  school  perished. 

The  Shippensburg  Collegiate  Institute,  a  reorganization  of  an  old  aca- 
demy was  opened  in  Shippensburg,  with  Rev.  James  Colder  as  principal.  He 
was  succeeded  by  Dr.  R.  L.  Sibbet  (who  retired  to  engage  in  the  study  of 
medicine), Rev.  J.  Y.  Brown, Vaughan  and  Miss  McKeehan. 

DICKINSON  COLLEGE. 

The  difficulties  experienced  by  the  early  settlers  of  the  Cumberland  Valley 
in  securing  a  liberal  education  for  their  sons,  who  had  formerly  been  sent  either 
to  Eno-land  or  to  the  academies  located  in  Philadelphia  and  in  more  remote 
places^led  them  to  contemplate  the  establishment  of  an  institution  to  combine 
all  the  advantages  of  the  existing  schools  with  that  of  being  of  much  easier  ac- 
cess With  this  end  in  view,  the  friends  of  the  movement  secured  a  charter 
for  a  college  in  the  borough  of  Carlisle,  in  which  it  says  that  "in  memory  of 
the  oreat "and  important  services  rendered  to  his  country  by  His  Excellency, 
John  Dickinson,  Esq.,  president  of  the  supreme  executive  council,  and  in  com- 
memoration of  his  very  liberal  donation  to  the  institution,  the  said  college^  shall 
be  forever  hereafter  called  and  known  by  the  name  of  Dickinson  College.  It 
was  placed  under  the  control  of  a  board  composed  of  forty  trustees.  The  sup- 
port was  to  be  derived  from  the  Presbyterian  Church  directly,  and  also  from 
all  friends  of  education  who  deemed  tit  to  make  donations. 


BISTORT  OP  CUMBERLAND  001  NTT.  109 

inent   among  the  founders  and  first   trustees,  were  John  Dickinson, 

of  Pennsylvania  and  tirst  president  of  the  board  of  trustees,  and 

i  j.imni  Rush,  of  Philadelphia.     The  first  meeting  of  the  board  was  held 

in    17^:;.  ami  in  the  following  year  a  faculty  was  oho  of  Rev. 

Charles  Nisbett,  D.  D.,  of  Montrose,  Scotland,  as  president,  and  Jami  Ross, 
author  of  the  well  known  Ross  Latin  Ghrammar,  a-  professor  of  the  Greek  and 
Latin  languages. 

After  much  hesitation  and  correspondence,  I>r.  Nisbett  was  induced  to  ac 
sept  the  position  offered,  and  arrived  at  Carlisle  on  July  I.   1785,  being  wel- 
coined  with  the  Bound  of  cannon  and  bells.     The  following  day  saw  the  open 
ing  of  the  college  in  a  small  building,   between  Pomfret  Street   and    L 
Alley. 

With  such  a  beginning,  the  school  grew  rapidly  into  prominence,  and  was 
only  retarded  by  the  insufficiency  of  the  funds.     Strenuous  efforts  to  in 
tin'"  income  were  made  by  the  friends  of  the  institution,  and  in   1  791  thi 
ceeded  in  securing  an  appropriation  from  the  Assembly  of  $7,500,  which,  with 
an  additional  donation  ol  en  in  1798,  served  to  place  it    upon 

basis. 

In  1802,  when  a  new  building  had  been  completed  on  the  new  grounds 
purchased  in  1798,  and  when  everything  was  prepared  for  the  reception  of 
students,  a  spark  carried  by  the  wind  from  an  ash  pile  far  away,  kindled  a  tire 
which  destroyed  Dearly  everything.      Before  the  smoke  had  Mown  away,  a  new 

Subscription    list   was    in  circulation,   and  on  August    3,    1803,  the  first   stone    of 

the  new  building  planned  1>\  the  public  architect  at  Washington,  Mr.  Latrobe, 
was  laid. 

The  college  was  inspired  with  a  new  vigor,  and  for  a  Dumber  of  years  con- 
tinued with  increasing  influence  and  prosperity.     15ut  troubles  arose  which  led 
to  a  change  in  the  controlling  influence  in  1833.      The  Baltimore  ( 
the  Met!     i  Church,  learning  of  the  dliifiOTlties  mto  which  the  in- 

stitution had  entered,  ma.de  proposals  to  a  committee  I  of  trustees, 

and  a  final  agreement  was  made  by  which  the  college  and  all  connected  with  it 
passed  into  the  control  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

Now  the  school  revived.  New  departments  were  added,  and  the  old  ones 
strengthened,  until  Dickinson  College  was  placed  in  the  front  rank  of  institu- 
tion for  highei  The  following  are  the  departments  of  study  main- 
tained: 1 1 1  Moral  science,  (2)  ancient  languages  and  literature;  (3)  pure  mathe 
mafic-:  (4)  philosophy  and  English  literature,  including  history  and  constitu- 
tional law.  (5)  physic's  and  mixed  mathematics,  and  the  application  of  calculus 
to  natural  philosophy,  astronomj  and  mechanics:  (6)  chemistry,  and  its  appli- 
cation to  agriculture  and  (he  arts:  (7)  physical  geography,  natural  history, 
mineralogy  and  geology;  (8)  modern  languages;  (9)  civil  and  mining  engineer- 
ing and  metallurgy. 

Those  who  wish  to  obtain  the  collegiate  decrees  are  required  to  devote  the 
earlier  part  of  their  course  to  the  study  <  I  Lassies  and  the  pure  mathemat- 
■  during  the  latter  half,  the  student  i-  granted  more  freedom,  and  if  he 
desires  to  complete  any  of  the  special  courses  provided,  he  has  the  liberty  to 
do  so.  at  the  same  time  retaining  his  right  to  the  degri f  11.  A.  upon  grad- 
uation equally  with  those  who  have  remained  in  the  regular  cla 

The  institution  is  well  provided  with  all  apparatus  for  the  elucidation  of 
the  principles  of  physical  science;  the  libraries  number  about  28,000  volumes. 

many  of  them  very  rare  and  valuable;  the  permanent  endowment  ex I 

000;  and  a  valuable  property,  which  is  not  productive  at  present,  hut  which 
will  add  materially  to  the  income  of  tie'  school  in  the  near  future. 


200  HISTORY    OF   CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

Within  the  last  few  years  the  course  has  been  opened  to  the  ladies,  so  that 
now  students  of  both  sexes  have  equal  privileges. 

The  Tome  Scientific  Building,  a  long,  handsome,  fire-proof  structure,  of 
native  limestone,  with  trimmings  of  gray  stone,  brought  from  the  Cleveland 
quarries,  facing  on  Louther  Street,  was  finished  in  1885,  a  donation  of  Col. 
Robert  Tome,  of  Port  Deposit,  Md. ,  f roin  whom  it  derives  its  name.  The  last 
and  most  beautiful  building  added  to  the  college  in  the  near  past  is  the  Bosler 
Memorial  Hall,  a  pressed  brick  building,  with  handsomely  carved  brown  stone 
ornamentation,  meant  principally  to  contain  the  college  library;  begun  in  1885 
and  finished  in  the  succeeding  year.  It  is  a  donation  from  the  widow  of  the 
late  James  W.  Bosler,  of  Carlisle. 

Among  the  graduates  of  Dickinson  College  many  have  held  responsible  and 
honorable  positions.  One  has  been  President  of  the  United  States,  one  has 
been  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  United  States,  one  Justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court,  one  Governor  of  a  State,  two  United  States  Senators,  ten  Rep- 
resentatives in  Congress,  two  district  judges,  three  justices  of  the  State 
Supreme  Court,  eleven  presidents  and  sixteen  professors  of  colleges,  one  bishop 
of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church,  and  sixty-eight  ministers  of  the  Gospel. 

The  following  is  a  table  of  the  officers  and  presidents  of  Dickinson  College, 
with  the  periods  of  their  service: 

Presidents  of  Board  of  Trustees. — John  Dickinson,  LL.D.,  1783-1808; 
Rev.  John  King,  D.D.,  1808-1808;  James  Armstrong,  1808-24;  John  B. 
Gibson,  LL.D.,  1824-29;  Andrew  Carothers,  1829-33. 

Since  1833,  the  president  of  the  college  has  been,  ex  officio,  president  of  the 
board  of  trustees. 

Secretaries. — Rev.  William  Linn,  D.D.,  1783-84;  Thomas  Duncan,  1784- 
92;  Thomas  Creigh,  1792-96;  James  Duncan,  1796-1806;  Alex.  P.  Lyon, 
1806-08;  Andrew  Carothers,  1808-14;  Isaac  B.  Parker,  1814-20;  James 
Hamilton,  1820-24;  Frederick  Watts,  LL.D.,  1824-28;  Rev.  S.  A.  MoCosk- 
ry,  D.D.,  1828-31;  William  Biddle,  1831-33;  James  W.  Marshall,  1850-54; 
Rev.  Otis  H.  Tiffany,  D.D.,  1854-57;  James  W.  Marshall,  1857-58;  Rev. 
William  L.  Boswell,  1858-65;  John  K.  Stayman,  1865-68;  Charles  F. 
Himes,  1868—. 

Treasurers. — Samuel  Laird,  1784-90;  Samuel'Postlethwaite,  1790-98;  John 
Montgomery,  1798-1808;  John  Miller,  1808-21;  And.  McDowell,  1821-33; 
John  J.  Myers,  M.  D.,  1833-41;  William  D.  Seymour,  1841-54;  James  W. 
Marshall,  1854-61;  Samuel  D.  Hellman,  1861-68;  John  K.  Stayman,  1868; 
Charles  P.  Himes,  1868-82;  J.  W.  Smiley,  1882-85;  Henry  C.  Whitney, 
1885—. 

Librarians.—  James  Ross,  1784-92;  William  Thomson,  1792-1804;  John 
Borland.  1804-05;  John  Hays,  1805-09;  Henry  R.  Wilson,  1809-13;  Joseph 
Shaw,  1813-15;  Gerard  E.  Stack,  1815-16;  Joseph  Spencer,  1822-30; 
Charles  D.  Cleveland,  1830-32;  Robert  Emory,  1834-40;  John  McClintock, 
1840-48;  James  W.  Marshall,  1848-60;  William  L.  Boswell,  1860-65,  John 
K.  Stayman,  1865-70;  Henry  M.  Harman,  1870—. 

College  Presidents.  —Charles  Nisbett,  D.D.,  1785-1804;  Robert  Davidson, 
D.D.,  1804-09;  Jeremiah  Atwater,  D.D.,  1809-15;  John  McKnight,  D.D., 
1815-16;  John  Mitchell  Mason,  D.D.,  1821-24;  William  Neill,  D.D.,  1824- 
29;  Samuel  Blanchard  Howe,  D.D..  1830-31;  John  Price  Durbin,  D.D., 
1833-45;  Robert  Emory,  D.D.,  1845-48;  Jesse  Truesdell  Peck,  D.D.,  1848- 
52;  Charles  Collins,  D.D.,  1852-60;  Herman  Merrills  Johnson,  D.D.,  1860- 
68;  Robert  Lawienson  Dashiell,  D.D.,  1S68-72;  James  Andrew  McCauley, 
D.D.,  LL.D.,  the  present  efficient  and  scholarly  president. 


HIST0R1    OF  CUMBERLAND   COUNTY.  201 

Ml  rZG  LB    l  I  M  u  I      Q18OT  ill. 

The  Metzgar  Female  Insitate,  occupying  a  beautiful  and  commodious  briok 
structure.  Bum  ended  bj  pleasant  shade  trees  and  a  rioh  variety  of  Sowers,  is 

oneof  the  attractionB  of  Carlisle,    and  reflects  great    h« r  upon  the  memory 

of  the  man  whose  funds  supplied  it,  Mr.  Metzgar,  an  honored  member  of 
the  Cumberland  Count]  bar.  It  bas  attained  a  position  among  the  educational 
institutions  of  the  county,  as  is  Bhown  by  its  oonstantlj  increasing  attendance. 
It  was  erected  some  five  or  six  yeai 

imm  w    IM'i  8TBJ  M.    BOHOOL. 

The  Indian  Industrial  School,  at  Carlisle,  under  the  management  of  Capt. 
R.  H.  Pratt,  airy,  is  oneof  th(   pioneer  institutions  of  the  United 

States  to  attempt  the  civilization  of  a  aavage  race. 

Bj  act  of  Congress  dated  June  1  1,  1870,  the  extensive  grounds  and  build- 
ings known  as  the  Carlisle  Barracks  were  appropriated  for  the  Indian  school, 
Sometime  in  1876,  Capt.  Pratt  conceived  the  idea  thai  Indians  could  be  edu- 
cated and  their  labor  and  skill  utilized  About  that  time,  of  the  hundred  pris- 
oners   at    Fort    Marion.     Florida,    captured    from    the   Cheyeiines,    Arapahoe*, 

Wiohitas,  etc..  a  aumber  were  taken  to  Hampton,  Va.,  where  they  wer -gan- 

ized  into  a  school,  thus  originating  the  system  of  Indian  industrial  eduoation 
in  this  country.     Carlisle  was  next  to  he  developed 

In  addition  to  the  extensive  buildings  secured  from  the  Government  at  the 
time  the  school  began,  there  have  I a  erected,  since,  a  chapel.  187'J;  hospi- 
tal. 1881;  new  dining  hall  and  laundry,  lSSo:  and  a  new  wing  to  old  dining 
hall  for  printing  office. 

The  first  pupils  received  I  eighty  -four  in  aumber)  arrived  October  5,  1879, 
from  the  Rosebud  and  Fine  Kid^e  agencies.  Dakota.  The  fathers  of  those 
boys  and  girls  were  leaders  in  their  tribes  (the  Sioux).  On  the  27th  of  Octo- 
ber, fifty  more  came  from  the  Poncas,  Pawnees,  Kiowas,  Comanohes,  Wiohitas, 
Oheyennes  and  Axapahoea;  and  on  the 6th of  November,  eight  children  arrived 
from  Green  Bay  agency,  Wisconsin,  and  Sisseton  agency,  Minnesota. 

The  board  of  managers  consists,  at  present,  of  Capt.  R.  H.  Pratt,  Tenth 
Cavalry,  superintendent;  A.  J.  Standing,  assistant  superintendent;  O.  G. 
Given,  M.  I>..  physician;  S.  11.  Gould  chief  clerk;  Miss  A.  S.  Ely  and  W.  C. 
Loudon,  assistant  clerks. 

From  the  sixth  annual  report  of  the  superintendent,  dated  August  18, 
1885,  the  following  facts  are  gleaned:  Number  of  tribes  represented,  38; 
number  of  boys  in  acl 1.  oil;  aumber  of  ^irls  in  school,  150.     Total,  194. 

These  children  are  classed  in  nine  sections,  properly  graded,  for  school 
work,  and  study  Buch  subjects  as  are  usually  taught  in  public  schools.  ^  Each 
section  is  under  the  guidance  of  a  special  teacher,  whose  whole  time  is  given  to 
its  instruction  and  management.  Every  pupil  is  also  given  the  choice  of  learn- 
ing some  trad.',  and  is  required  to  spend  a  certain  Length  of  time  each  day  in 
the  masterv  of  his  trade.  On  the  whole,  the  Indian  school  is  a  successful  in- 
stitution, and  well  merits  careful   study. 

16  Indian  School,  even  as  early  as  the  annual  report  of  1881, 
amounted  to  $6,333.  16,  as  governed  by  the  regular  contract  prices  of  the  In- 
dian Department.  The  pupils  are  particularly  apt  in  the  ordinary  English 
branches,  while  many  display  also  a  very  considerable  skill  in  the  departments 
of  practical  mechanics.  With  such  a  record  it  is  not  surprising  that  th 
should  have  attracted  very  considerable  attention,  and  that  representatives, 
both  of  the  nobility  and  brains  of  England  the  Duke  of  Sutherland  and  Ed 
ward  II  Freeman!  the  celebrated  English  historian— should  have  been  among 
its  visitors,  soon  after  it  was  established, 


202  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

CUMBERLAND    VALLEY    STATE    NORMAL    SCHOOL. 

This  institution,  located  at  Skippensburg,  is  the  State  school  for  the  Sev- 
enth District,  comprising  the  counties  of  Adams,  Bedford,  Blair,  Cumber- 
land, Fulton,  Franklin  and  Huntington. 

Its  history  is  briefly  this:  An  act  of  the  Legislature,  passed  April  1,  1850, 
authorized  the  board  of  school  directors  at  Carlisle  to  establish  a  normal 
school  in  these  terms:  "And  said  board  also  have  power  to  establish  a  normal 
school  of  a  superior  grade  in  said  district,  provided  no  additional  expense  is 
thereby  incurred  over  and  above  the  necessary  schools  for  said  borough,  and 
to  admit  scholars  in  said  normal  school  from  any  part  of  the  county,  or  else- 
where, on  such  terms  and  on  such  plans  as  said  board  may  direct;  and  the 
board  of  directors  in  any  other  school  district,  in  said  county,  may,  if  they 
think  proper,  make  an  agreement  with  the  directors  in  Carlisle  to  contribute 
to  the  support  of  the  same  according  to  the  number  of  scholars  they  may  send 
to  said  normal  school. ' ' 

On-  the  16th  of  the  said  month  a  county  convention  was  called,  at  which  a 
plan  for  a  normal  school  was  submitted.  Of  this  convention  Judge  Watts 
was  chairman.  The  Carlisle  school  board  issued  a  call  to  the  other  districts 
for  a  meeting  of  delegates  on  May  7,  to  mature  plans  for  said  school,  and  an- 
nounced May  15  as  the  time  for  a  three  months'  session  to  begin,  tuition  be- 
ing fixed  at  if 8  per  pupil.  The  attendance  of  delegates  was  not  sufficiently 
large  to  warrant  the  establishment  of  the  school. 

The  previous  agitation  resulted,  however,  in  a  movement  among  the  teach- 
ers at  the  county  institute  held  at  Newville  December  23,  1856.  The  action 
was  thus  expressed:  "Resolved,  That  a  committee  of  one  director  from  each 
township  be  appointed,  to  take  into  consideration  the  establishment  of  a  nor- 
mal school  in  Cumberland  County."  The  committee  met  at  Carlisle,  January 
13,  1857,  and  determined  its  location  at  Newville,  it  having  guaranteed  the 
necessary  buildings.  The  management  was  vested  in  a  board,  consisting  of 
the  county  superintendent  and  one  director  from  each  school  district.  The 
board  agreed  upon  the  opening  of  the  school,  April  3,  1857,  with  the  following 
faculty:  Daniel  Shelly,  county  superintendent,  principal;  W.  R.  Linn,  S.  B. 
Heiges  and  D.  E.  Kast,  instructors.  George  Swartz  was  chosen  principal  of 
the  Model  School,  and  J.  H.  Hostetter  and  Miss  Mary  Shelly,  instructors. 

A  three  months'  term  was  held,  with  ninety-one  pupils  in  the  Normal 
School  and  149  in  the  Model  School.  About  $500  worth  of  school  appa- 
ratus was  provided  by  contributions  from  the  citizens.  The  session  of  1858 
continued  five  months,  but  those  of  1859  and  1860  only  three  months  each, 
George  Swartz  being  principal. 

The  attempt  to  secure  a  State  Normal  School  for  the  Seventh  District 
began  at  Newville  November  2,  1865,  when,  during  the  county  institute,  the 
directors  of  the  county  instructed  the  county  superintendent,  George  Swartz, 
to  address  a  circular  to  the  various  school  boards  in  the  district,  asking  them 
to  appoint  delegates  to  meet  in  a  general  convention  at  Chambersburg  January 
10,  1866,  to  hear  reports  and  take  general  steps  for  the  establishment  of  such 
a  State  school.  No  definite  results  accrued  from  this  movement,  but  in  the 
spring  of  1870  the  preparatory  steps  for  the  location  of  the  school  at  Shippens- 
burg,  its  present  site,  were  taken.  A  meeting  was  called  and  Hon.  J.  P. 
Wickersham,  State  superintendent,  was  invited  to  deliver  an  address.  After 
several  meetings,  an  application  to  the  court  for  a  charter  was  granted  in 
April,  1870.  Subscriptions  to  the  amount  of  $24,000  had  been  secured.  On 
the  first  Monday  of  May  the  first  election  for  trustees  was  held,  resulting  in  the 
choice  of  the  following  gentlemen:  J.    W.    Craig,  Dr.    W.   W.    Nevin,  C.    L. 


(L<^JL^^^KJ 


OUT  <>K  CUMBER]  AM'  COUNT?. 


'JO.-) 


Shade,  John  Qrabill,  John  E.  Maolay,  R   0   B B  j    and  \   Q 

Millar.      The  capital   Btook    was   subsequently    increased    from    $30,000   to 



The  excavation   for  the  foundation  was  began  in   August  1870,  and   tne 

contract  let  for  $74,000.     The  corner-stone  was  laid  by  the  Masonic  Order 

M    .  3ii  1871.     The  entire  cost  of  the  structure,  which  is  225x170  feet,  three 

■ihcrwith  grounds,  heating  apparatus,  gas  fixtures,  etc.,  was 

$125,000,  and  of  the  furnishing  aboul  $25,000. 

.ropertywa  as  a  State  institution  in   February,  1873,  and 

the  first  session  of  the  school  began  April  15,  L873,  onder  the  principalship  of 

i.  A    IS.     He  continued  in  his  p  sition  until  July,  1875,  whoa 

he  resigned.      His  successors  have  been    Rev.  L  N.  Hays,  B.  S.  Patten,  S.  B. 

and  J.  F.  McCreary,  present  incumbent. 

in  as'  insti  ri  n 
In  no  department  of  educational  activity  has  so  much  improvement  been 
shown    as  in    the   methods    and  philosopbj    of   instruction.       In  the  private 

.U.  academies  and  colleges  of  the  olden  times,  the  great  purpose  was  to 
secure  the  accumulation  of  facts  -the  storing  of  the  nun. I  with  useful  knowl- 
,.  i_...  i  ,  too  manv  institutions  is  this  false  noti.m  still  entertained  The 
relationship  between  crude  facts  and  the  child's  mind  was  not  dreamed  of. 
The  "what"  of  knowledge,  or  the  subject  matter,  was  all  that  the  teacher 
Bought  The  "how,"  or  the  method  of  reaching  and  classifying  these  facts, 
was  reserved,  in  the  natural  order  of  things,  for  development  at  a  later  day. 
In  due  course  of  time  the  subject  of  methods  or  the  best  waj  of  doing  certain 
things,  began  to  attract  the  attention  of  the  more  thoughtful;  and  still  later  in 
educational  progress,  the  "  why,"  or  the  reason  for  certain  processes,  demanded 

.deration  of  the  professional  instructor.  All  this  is  evidence  that  the 
world  moves— that  progress  is  not  confined  to  the  domain  of  the  material 
world.  .  . 

In  the  Beouring  of  these  progressive  Bteps,  the  teacher-,  institute  m  its  va 
rious  forn  h  to  do.      In  associations  of  those  of  like  calling,  friction 

of  minds  never  fail  to  Becure  beneficial  results.  At  the  convention  of  teachers 
and  other  friend-  of  education,  held  in  the  court  house  at  Carlisle  December 
19,  L835,  Dr.  Isaac  Snowden  was  chosen  president  Important  questions 
w,.,.  [emente  were  made  to  hold  semi  annual  meetings  in 

the  future.       In  the  program   for  the  session  to  be  held  June  25,  1836,  are  to 

be  f.mnd  these  important  subjects,  which  show  that  even  at  that  earl]  date  the 
leaven  of  educational  improvement  had  commenced  to  work: 

»  L,  What  is  the  best  i ie  of  securing  a  competent  number  of  well  qual- 
ified teachers  of  common  school-  to  meet  the  exigencies  of  the  county'.' 

2.  The  influence  of  education  on  the  character  and  stability  of  civil  in- 
stitution-, and  the  direction  and  modification  which  it  gives  the  political  rela- 
tions. 

3.  The  evils  existing  in  our  common  schools,  and  h,'s 
I.     The  influen f  employing  visible  illustrations  in  imparting  in 

Hon  to  children. 

Best  mode  of  governing  children,  and  of  exciting  their  interest  in  their 
studies. 

6.     Importance  of  a  uniformity  of  text  books,  etc." 

What  was  done  at  subsequent  meetings  does  not  appear,  I  staona 

introduce,]  at  tin-  session  are  lr.  ons,  and  the  impetus  given  to  edu- 

cational work  in  the  county  was  manifest. 


206  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

From  the  interesting  article  in  Wing's  History  of  Cumberland  County, 
written  by  D.  E.  Kast,  we  quote  :  "At  the  call  of  the  county  superintendent, 
the  directors  and  teachers  generally  assembled  in  Education  Hall,  Carlisle,  on 
Saturday,  the  2d  day  of  September,  1854,  for  the  purpose  of  holding  a  school 
teachers'  convention,  for  devising  more  favorable  means  for  the  promotion  of 
education  generally  in  the  common  schools  of  Cumberland  County.  Ex-Gov. 
Eitner  presided  at  this  meeting,  and  Mr.  Dieffenbach,  deputy  superintendent 
of  common  schools  in  Pennsylvania,  was  in  attendance.  A  committee,  ap- 
pointed to  prepare  business  for  the  meeting,  reported  a  series  of  resolutions, 
the  subject-matter  of  which  engaged  the  attention  of  the  assembly  during  its 
sessions.  Provision  was  made  for  the  permanent  organization  of  a  county  in- 
stitute, by  appointment  of  a  committee  to  report  a  constitution  for  its  govern- 
ment. ' ' 

On  the  21st  of  the  following  December  (1854),  the  "Cumberland  County 
Teachers'  Institute"  was  permanently  organized,  with  ex-Gov.  Kitner  in  the 
chair  and  an  attendance  of  94  teachers  out  of  160  at  its  first  session.  Among 
those  present  on  that  occasion,  were  Hon.  Thomas  H.  Burrowes,  who  aided  in 
its  deliberations,  and  Dr.  Collins,  president  of  Dickinson  College,  who  lectured. 
The  subject  of  methods  of  teaching  was  freely  and  profitably  discussed.  The 
sentiment  of  the  institute  was  expressed  in  the  following  characteristic  resolu- 
tion: "  That  as  teachers  and  members  of  this  institute  we  will  cordially  co- 
operate with  our  superintendent  in  his  laudable  efforts  to  elevate  the  standard 
of  teaching  and  advance  general  education  throughout  the  county. ' ' 

Annual  sessions  from  that  time  to  the  present  have  been  held  at  some  point 
in  the  county,  the  time  between  the  holidays  being  usually  preferred.  The 
benefits  to  the  county  have  been  quite  marked,  justifying  the  wisdom  of  those 
who  inaugurated  the  agency  of  professional  culture. 

COUNTY    SUPERINTENDENTS. 

School  systems,  like  other  activities,  need  efficient  supervision  and  execu- 
tion. The  establishment  of  county  superintendency  met  this  want.  At  first 
it  met  with  some  opposition,  as  might  be  expected;  but  it  has  come  to  be  ac- 
cepted as  an  indispensable  feature  of  the  school  system.  The  names  of  the 
officials  who  have  filled  this  position  are  as  follows: 

Daniel  Shelly,  from  1854  to  1860,  two  terms.  He  was  efficient  in  the  per- 
formance of  his  duties,  and  succeeded  in  arousing  general  educational  interest. 

D.  K.  Noel,  a  prominent  teacher  of  the  county  was  elected,  in  May,  1860, 
as  his  successor;  but  ill  health  ensuing,  he  resigned  in  a  few  months,  and  was 
succeeded  by  Joseph  Mifflin,  who  was  appointed  to  fill  his  unexpired  term. 
Mr.  Mifflin  was  a  teacher,  but,  prior  and  subsequent  to  his  superintendency, 
had  given  attention  to  civil  engineering.  At  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  of- 
fice, he  was  followed,  in  1863,  by  George  Swartz,  a  teacher  who,  by  self-exertion 
and  perseverance,  had  attained  honorable  distinction  in  his  calling.  He  held 
the  position  for  six  years,  and  performed  its  duties  creditably.  In  1869,  owing 
to  some  legal  difficulties  connected  with  the  election,  W.  A.  Lindsey  was  ap- 
pointed to  the  position,  and  continued  to  discharge  its  duties  till  1872,  when 
D.  E.  Kast  was  chosen  to  fill  the  place.  He  did  this  acceptably,  and  was  re- 
elected in  May,  1875,  to  serve  the  public  three  years  longer,  which  he  did  till 
1878,  when  Samuel  B.  Shearer  was  chosen  for  the  position,  and  has  satisfac- 
torily discharged  its  duties  ever  since. 


HI8T0K1   OP  CI  WBERLAND  COTOTY.  -<r> 


CHAPTER  XII. 

,;,,„.,,,,.    Presbyterian  Chubob    Episcopal  Chttrcb    Methodist  Chi  boh 

ROMAD      CaTHOLN       CHURCH      GERMAN      REFORMED      run;.  II      I.I  Till  KAN 

,•„,,:,,,    church   of   God    German    Baptists    United    Brethren— The 

Mi  nvnii  I  -      El   INGE1  I'M.   ASSOC!  kTION. 


T 


HE  religious  sentiment  was  Btronglj  developed  in  the  primitive  inhabit- 
ants of  the  Cumberland  Valley.  Its  settlors  made,  early  and  adequate  pro- 
vision for  the  preaching  of  the  word  of  God.  Family  instruction  in  the  in 
spired  record  was  supplemented  by  the  public  proclamation  of  the  gospel  at 
such  times  and  places  as  the  sparsely  settled  condition  of  the  country  war- 
ranted. The  simplicity  of  that  primitive  worship  secured  a  religious  fervor 
not  seen  in  these  days  of  costly  edifices  and  fashionable  services.  The  sacri- 
i  le  by  both  minister  and  people  guaranteed  a  worship  largely  free  from 

hypocrisy. 

The  log  meeting-house,  with  its  humble  appointments,  was.  perhaps,  more 
thoroughly  oonsecrated  to  the  worship  of  Him,  who  "prefers  before  all  tem- 
upright  heart  and  pure  "  than  the  stately  structures  of  modern  times 
are.  Says  Dr.  Wing:  "  The  period  of  religious  indifference  and  unbelief  had 
not  yet  arrived.  In  the  countries  from  which  the  people  had  come,  there  were 
doubtless  formalism  and  'moderation,'  but  every  family  would  have  felt  dis- 
honored had  thev  been  found  without  the  forms  of  public  worship.  And  now. 
when  these  wanderers  into  the  wilderness  were  far  away  from  any  place  of 
worship,  a  sense  of  special  desolation  was  felt,  by  every  one.  A  large  part  of 
their  social  as  well  as  religious  life  was  gone.  With  but  few  books  or  periodi- 
cals, the  in  -t  probable  occasion  of  hearing  from  the  great  world  and  the  peo- 
ple thev  hud  left  was  through  the  letters  and  arrivals  of  others.  It  was  in 
the  Sabbath  assembly  that  the  sweetest  and  1  .est  enjoyments  of  the  week  might 
be  hoped  for.  The  deepest  and  most  urgent  longings  of  their  hearts  were  to- 
ward the  weekly  asseml.lv  and  what  thev  called  tLe  'house  of  God.'  No 
sooner,  therefore,  were  they  sheltered  from  the  weather,  than  they  began  to 
inquire  for  a  place  of  worship. 

"It  would  be  interesting  to  have  some  account  of  the  place  whore  these 
godlv  men  first  mot  and  sought  the  God  of  their  fathers.  We  are  not  sure 
that  "we  can  make  any  rear  approach  to  the  satisfaction  [gratifying  ]  of  this  de- 
sire. We  have  traced  the  settlements  over  a  district  of  not  less  than  twenty 
miles  from  east  to  west,  and  eight  to  ten  from  north  to  south.  This  could  be 
traveled  only  on  foot  or  on  horses,  for  carriages  were,  for  some  time,   out  of 

the  question!      The  first  meetings   mu-t  haw  1 d  at  private  houses,  iu  barns, 

or  in  the  open  air,  and  were  perhaps  confined  to  no  one  place. 

PRESBYTERIAN    OHUBI   H. 

The  early  settlers  of  the  Cumberland   Valley  having   Leon    Scotch  Irish, 
were  identified  with  the  Presbyterian  Church.     This  condition  of  tin 
isted  for  nearly  thirty  vears,  the  first  exception  to  this  unity  of  church  fellow- 
ship being  the  preparatory  steps  to  establish  an  Episcopal   congregation  by 
Eev.  William  Thompson,  an  English  missionary,  as  early  as  .July,   1  753. 


208  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

All  this  region  was,  at  first,  under  the  spiritual  watch  care  of  the  Presby- 
tery of  Donegal,  which  was  organized  about  1732,  and  whose  limits  extended 
as  far  west  as  did  the  boundaries  of  Lancaster  County  at  that  time.  The 
nearest  places  for  regular  preaching  at  that  early  date  were  in  Dauphin 
County,  where  several  congregations  enjoyed  the  pastoral  care  of  Rev.  Will- 
iam Bertram.  On  the  16th  of  October,  1734,  it  was  "ordered  that  Alexander 
Craighead  supply  over  the  river  two  or  three  Sabbaths  in  November."  Men- 
tal and  moral  light  have  always  followed  the  direction  of  physical  illumination. 
Though  not  regularly  ordained  to  preach  at  that  date,  his  ministrations  were 
the  only  ones  the  ' '  settlements  over  the  river  ' '  (the  region  west  of  the  '  'Long, 
Crooked  River")  enjoyed  for  a  time.  In  April,  1735,  however,  Rev.  John 
Thompson  was  appointed  to  aid  Mr.  Craighead  in  the  instruction  of  "  the  peo- 
ple of  Conodoguinet  or  beyond  the  Susquehanna,"  as  the  settlement  near  Car- 
lisle was  known.  The  site  of  this  preaching  is  supposed  to  have  been  about 
two  miles  northwest  of  Carlisle,  and  since  known  as  "  Meeting  House  Springs." 
Though  it  is  claimed  by  some  that  "  Silvers'  Spring  "  was  the  site  of  this  first 
preaching,  it  is  quite  certain  that  the  Meeting  House  Springs  was  the  first  con- 
gregation established  west  of  the  Susquehanna. 

These  two  congregations,  viz. :  Meeting  House  Springs  and  Silvers'  Spring, 
were  subsequently  known  as  "Upper  and  Lower  Pennsborough,"  and  must 
have  had  an  existence  as  early  as  1734.  The  following  year,  1735,  the  people 
of  Hopewell  Township,  just  formed,  applied  for  permission  to  erect  a  house  of 
worship  at  a  place  called  Big  Spring  (now  Newville),  but  their  request  was 
not  granted  for  a  time  on  account  of  its  being  but  eight  miles  from  Pennsbor- 
ough. Within  a  year  or  two,  however,  this  place  of  worship  was  erected,  and 
shortly  after,  if  not  simultaneous  with  it,  another  place  of  divine  service  was 
established  about  five  miles  north  of  the  present  site  of  Shippensburg,  and 
known  as  the  Middle  Spring  Congregation.  Thus  it  will  be  seen  that  within 
eight  or  ten  years  after  the  first  crossing  of  the  Susquehanna  (viz. :  1734  to 
1744),  some  four  regular  congregations  were  established  and  supported  within 
what  is  now  Cumberland  County,  as  follows:  Meeting  House  Springs,  Silvers' 
Spring,  Big  Spring  and  Middle  Spring.  These  congregations  sought  from  the 
presbytery  to  which  they  belonged,  only  ministers  of  the  gospel,  pledging  and 
furnishing  houses  of  worship  and  adequate  support. 

The  first  settled  pastor  was  Rev.  Thomas  Craighead,  father  of  Alexander, 
already  mentioned.  He  was  properly  installed  at  Big  Spring  November  17, 
1737,  and  preached  also  for  Middle  Spring.  The  second  regular  pastor  was 
Rev:  Samuel  Thompson,  who  began  his  charge  of  Meeting  House  Springs  and 
Silvers'  Spring  (Upper  and  Lower  Pennsborough)  November  14,  1739. 

We  shall  present  briefly  the  leading  facts  connected  with  these  several 
congregations,  commencing  with 

Silvers'  Spring. — This  was  so  called  in  honor  of  Mr.  Silvers,  one  of  the  first 
settlers  of  that  region.  The  first  occasional  preaching  was  by  Rev.  Alexander 
Craighead  and  then  by* Revs.  Bertram,  Thomas  Craighead  and  Goldston. 
The  regular  preachers  and  pastors  were:  Rev.  Samuel  Thompson  from  1739 
to  1745.  His  resignation  was  on  account  of  "bodily  illness."  He  was 
recommended  as  ' '  generous  and  industrious  in  preaching  to  the  congrega- 
tion, either  on  Sabbath  days  or  week-days,  according  to  his  convenience  and 
their  necessity."  Rev.  Samuel  Caven,  from  1745  to  the  time  of  his  death, 
November  9,  1750,  in  the  forty-ninth  year  of  his  age.  Rev.  John  Steel,  from 
1764  to  his  death  in  1779.  He  was  employed  at  £150  per  year,  Silvers' 
Spring  agreeing  to  pay  half  that  sum.  At  first  six  men,  and  afterward  forty- 
two  men,  signed  a  promissory  note  guaranteeing  his  pay.    Rev.  Samuel  Waugh, 


BISTORT  OF  CUMBERLAND  COTOTT. 


209 


l782to  i-  >hn  Hayes,  L808  to  L8H;  Rev.  Henrj   R.  Wilson,  1814 

,.,  1823;   Rev.  James  Williamson,  L824to  L838;  Rev.  George  Morris,  f »39  to 
[860-  Rei    W    11    Dinsmore,    1861  to  L865;  Rev.   W.   G.    Hillman,    1866  67; 
W.   B.  MoKee,    L868  to   1870;  Rev.    R.  P.  Gibson,    1872  to   L875;  Rev. 
T.  3    Ferguson,  1878 

The  church  edifice  at  Silvers'  Spring,  a  substantial  stone  building,  40x00 
feet,  was  erected  in  L783  under  the  pastorate  of  Rev.  Waugh.  The  original 
house  predecessor  of  the  present  one,  was  a  small  log  building.  The  congro, 
eation  was  regularlj  incorporated  by  an  ad  of  the  Aseemblj  September  25, 
17s.;  ihe  trustees  named  being  Andrew  Galbreath,  Samuel  Wallace,  Daniel 
Boyd,  John  Wather,  Hugh  Laird,  Samuel  Waugh,  William  Mateer,  Francis 
Silvers  and  David  Hoge. 

Big  Spring.  -This  congregation  was  originally  known  as    Hopewell.       Lta 

origin  has  already    l a    given.      The    pastors    in    succession  were:       R 

Thomas  Craighead,  17:17.  He  died  in  the  act  of  pronouncing  the  benediction 
after  a  very  eloquent  discourse.  As  he  enunciated  the  word  "farewell"  he 
-auk  to  tli."  floor  and  expired  without  a  groan  or  a  struggle.  He  was 
..  Led  tor  a  time  by  Rev.  James  Lyon,  of  Ireland.  Rev.  George  Duffield, 
installed  in  1759.  He  also  gave  a  portion  of  his  time  to  Carlisle.  Rev. 
"William  Linn,  successor,  began  probably  about  1  i  78,  and  continued  till  1784, 
when  he  resigned  to  accept  the  principalship  of  Washington  Academy,  Som- 
erset County,  Md.  Alter  a  vacancy  of  two  years  Rev.  Samuel  \\  ilson  became 
r,  which  position,  till  hi-  death.  March.  1  799,  he  filled  acceptably.  _  His 
call  dated  "Big  Spring,  Cumberland  County,  21st  of  March.  1786,  and 
Burned  by  204  pew  holders,  is  an  interesting  document:  "  We,  the  subscribers 
of"  this  paper,  and  members  of  the  congregation  of  Big  Spring,  do  hereby 
bind  and  oblige  ourselves  annually  to  pay  Mr.  Samuel  Wilson,  preacher  of  the 
gospel,  on  his  being  ordained  to  be  our  ministi  r,  and  for  his  discharge  of  the 
duties  of  said  office,  the  sum  of  £150,  Pennsylvania  currency,  in  specie,  and 
allow  him  the  use  of  the  dwelling-house,  barn  and  all  the  clear  land  on  the 
glebe  possessed  by  our  former  minister;  also  plenty  of  timber  for  rails  and 
lire-wood;  likewise  a  sufficient  security  for  the  payment  of  the  above 
mentioned  Bums  during  his  incumbency."  April  11.  L802,  Rev.  Joshua 
Williams  was  installed  on  an  annual  salary  of  £200.  Ho  was  a  graduate 
of  Dickinson  College  of  the  das,  of  L795,  and  began  to  preach  in  1798, 
having  pursued  theological  studies  under  Dr.  Robert  Cooper.  \\  it h  de- 
clining health  he  continued  his  labors  at  Big  Spring  till  1829,  when  here- 
signed.  Rev.  Robert  McCachre  of  Chester  County,  began  his  la- 
tere as  pastor  about  1830,  and  continued  in  Buch  capacity  tall  October.  1851, 
when  he  resigned  During  his  pastorate,  185  communicants  were  added  to 
the.  oongri  Rev.  J.  S.  I1  L852  to  1862.  Rev.  P.  Mowry, 
i         B.    Erskine,  D.  D.,  L869,  the  present  incumbent. 

The  first   bouse  of  worship  was  built  of  logs  about   1738,  and  st 1  in  the 

southern  part  of  the  grave-yard.     The  present  stone  edifice  was  built  about 
1790,  and  remodeled  in   1842. 

Middle  Spring  -John  the  Harbinger,  as  we  learn  from  the  inspired  record 
"preached  at  Enon.  near  to  Saline,  because  there  was  much  water  there." 
In  the  early  history  of  the  Cumberland  Valley  churches  were  located  near  liv- 
ing springs,  tor  the  accomodation  of  the  vast  concourse  of  i pie  who  as- 
sembled* s  of  divine  worship.  Middle  Spring,  so  called  probably 
from  its  intermediate  position  between  Big  Spring  and  Rocky  Spring,  has 
rather  an  uncertain  origin.  The  congregation  began  probably  about  L740. 
Some  of  the  early  church  records  mention  the  names  of  Allen  Killough,  John 


210  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

McKee,  David  Herron  and  John  Reynolds  as  elders  in  1742;  John  Finley, 
"William  Anderson  and  Robert  McComb,  1744;    and  John  Maclay,  1747. 

The  names  of  its  preachers  can  not  be  given  with  certainty.  The  following- 
are  some  of  them:  Rev.  Mr.  Calls,  of  Ireland," and  Rev.  Mr.  Clarke  of  Scot- 
land, both  labored  with  the  congregation  for  a  time.  The  first  regular  pastor, 
however,  was  Rev.  John  Blair,  whose  time  and  labors  were  divided  equally  be- 
tween Rocky  Spring,  Middle  Spring  and  Big  Spring  congregations  from  1742 
to  1749.  He  was  a  pious  and  learned  man,  and  greatly  endeared  to  his  con- 
gregation. As  proof  of  this  witness  the  fact  that  he  was  presented  with  a  deed 
for  a  farm  of  250  acres  lying  near  the  church.  When  he  resigned  his  position 
the  farm  was  sold  and  he  went  to  New  York  City. 

From  1750  to  1760  little  is  known  of  the  internal  history  of  the  congrega- 
tion. In  May,  1765,  a  call  was  extended  to  Rev.  Robert  Cooper,  who  accepted 
the  same  in  the  following  October,  £100  currency  being  pledged  to  him. 

Dr.  Cooper  was  a  graduate  of  Princeton  College.  His  first  pastorate  was 
that  of  Middle  Spring,  which  he  held  from  1765  to  the  time  of  his  resignation 
April  12,  1797. 

Rev.  John  Moodey,  a  graduate  of  Princeton  College,  succeeded  to  the  pas- 
torate of  Middle  Spring,  having  been  installed  October  5,  1803.  He  continued 
his  labors  until  1854,  a  period  of  over  half  a  century.  In  June,  1855,  Rev.  I. 
N.  Hays  began  his  pastoral  services,  and  continued  them  fourteen  years,  when 
he  removed  to  Chambersburg.  He  was  succeeded  in  May,  1871,  by  Rev.  D. 
K.  Richardson,  who  officiated  for  about  eighteen  months,  when  he  was  fol- 
lowed, June  11,  1872,  by  Rev.  S.  S.  Wylie. 

The  first  house  of  worship  was  a  log  building  thirty- five  feet  square,  erected 
about  the  time  of  the  organization  of  the  congregation.  This  house  proving 
insufficient  for  the  increasing  congregation,  a  second  one,  48x58,  was  built  in 
1765.  This  was  succeeded  in  1781  by  a  stone  structure,  58x68,  two  stories 
high.  In  1847  a  new  brick  structure  was  erected,  which  afterward  was  greatly 
remodeled  and  improved. 

The  following  officers  and  soldiers  of  the  Revolutionary  war  were  members 
of  this  congregation,  or  attendants  of  this  church:  Colonels — Benjamin Blythe, 
Isaac  Miller,  Robert  Peebles,  William  Scott,  Abraham  Smith;  major — James 
Herron;  captains — William  Rippey,  Matthew  Henderson,  Matthew  Scott, 
David  McKnight,  John  McKee,  William  Strain,  Joseph  Brady,  Robert  Quig- 
ley,  Charles  Leeper,  Charles  Maclay,  Samuel  Blythe,  Samuel  Walker,  James 
Scott,  Samuel  McCune,  Samuel  Kearsley;  lieutenant — Samuel  Montgomery; 
soldiers — John  Heap,  Esq.,  Samuel  Cox,  Esq.,  Francis  Campble,  John  Rey- 
nolds, Esq.,  Thomas  McClelland,  Joseph  McKinney,  James  McKee,  Robert 
Donavin,  William  Turner,  Thomas  McCombs,  William  Sterritt,  John  Woods, 
Esq. ,  Wm.  Anderson,  John  Maclay,  James  Dunlop,  Esq. ,  James  Lowry,  Esq. , 
William  Barr,  Archibald  Cambridge,  John  Herron,  David  Herron,  David  Dun- 
can, John  McKnight,  James  McCune,  David  Mahan,  John  Thompson,  Jacob 
Porter,  Isaac  Jenkins,  Samuel  Dixon,  John  Grier. 

Meeting- House  Spring. — What  has  been  said  in  a  previous  part  of  this 
chapter  concerning  this  congregation  need  not  be  repeated.  Dr  Nevin,  in  his 
"Churches  of  the  Valley,"  says:  "About  the  year  1736  the  Presbyterians 
erected  a  log  church  on  Conodoguinet  Creek,  about  two  miles  north  of  Car- 
lisle, or  West  Pennsborough,  as  it  was  then  called,  at  a  place  known  ever 
since  as  the  '  Meeting- House  Spring.'  No  vestige  of  this  building  now  re- 
mains, nor  are  there  any  of  the  oldest  surviving  residents  of  the  neighborhood 
who  are  able  to  give  anything  like  a  satisfactory  account  of  it.  The  members 
of  the  large  congregation  which  worhiped  within  its  walls  have  long  ago  dis- 


HI8T0R1   OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY,  -11 

appeared,  and  with  them  1 1 1- >  memory  of  the  venerable  edifice,  and  the  inter 
eating  incidents,  which  were  doubtless  associated  with  it-  history,  have  well 
nigh  perished." 

Carlisle.     The  borough  of  Carlisle  was  founded  in   17.">1.     Shortly  after 
Otis  event  ,i  Presbyterian  congregation  was  organized  in  it.  and  a  house  of 
worship  erected      Relative  bo  tins  edifice  the  following  letter  from  John  Arm- 
in  Richard  Peters  will  be  of  historic  interest: 

Carlisle,  80  June,  1767 

To-morrow  we  begin  n>  haul  Btonea  foifthe  building  of  a  meeting  house  on  the  north 
side  of  the  8quare;  there  was  no  other  convenient  place.  I  have  avoided  the  place  you 
once  pitched  for  ;i  church.  The  Btonea  are  raised  oul  of  Col.  Btanwix'a  enlri  nchmenl 
We  will  wain  help  in  this  political,  as  well  aa  religions,  work. 

As  a  means  of  raising  rands  with  which  "to  enable  them  to  build  a  decent 
house  for  the  worship  of  God,"  the  managers  of  the  enterprise,  about  the 
vcar  1760,  obtained  from  Gov.  Hamilton  a  license  to  inaugurate  a  lottery 
scheme,  which  subserved  ite  purpose,  however  objectionable. 

In  1759  Rev.  George  Duffield  was  called  to  take  pastoral  charge  of  the 
congregations  at  Carlisle  and  Big  Spring,  giving  two  thirds  of  his  time  to  the 
former.  At  the  same  time  there  seems  to  have  been,  probably  as  the  result  of 
a  general  division  in  the  church  throughout  the  synod,  a  rival  Presbyterian 
Church  in  Carlisle.  Says  Rev.  I.  D.  Rupp,  in  his  History  of  Cumberland 
County:  "  A  short  time  afterward  ( 1761 1  the  congregation  in  the  country,  then 
under  the  care  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  steel,  constructed  a  two-story  house  of  wor- 
ship in  town;  and,  some  time  before  the  Revolution,  erected  the  present  First 
Presbyterian  Church,  on  the  northwest  corner  of  the  Centre  Square.  Mr 
Duffiehl's  congregation  erected  a  gallery  in  Mr.  Steel's  church,  and  the  two 
parties  worshiped  separately."  These  two  congregations,  known  as  the  "Old 
Lights"  and  "New  Lights.""  were  finally  united,  and  in  1  .>>•">  called  Rev. 
Robert  Davidson  to  be  pa-tor.  This  relation  continued  till  the  time  of  his 
death,  in    1812.      He  was  assisted  a   portion  of  the  time  by  Rev.  Henry  R. 

Wilson,    profeSSOr  ill  Dickinson  College. 

In  1816  Rev.  George  Duffield,  a  grandson  of  the  first  pastor,  was  called  to 
Carlisle.  His  labors  for  many  years  were  signally  blessed.  In  1832,  how 
ever,  his  work  on  "  Regeneration"  created  much  dissension,  and  resulted  in  a 
trial  by  the  presbytery  of  his  orthodoxy.  The  decision  was  briefly:  "  Re- 
goiwed,  That  presbytery  a!  present  do  not  ensure  him  any  further  than  warn 
him  to  guard  against  such  speculations  as  may  impugn  the  doctrines  of  our 
church,  and  thai  he  study  to  maintain  '  the  unity  of  the  spirit  in  the  bond  of 
peace.'  "  Dr.  Dumeld's  relation  with  the  church  was  severed,  at  his  own  re- 
quest, in  March.   1  835. 

Contemporaneous  with  Dr.  Duffield's  difficulties  with  the  presbytery  were 

Serious  troubles  in  the  congregation.      A  petition,  sig 1  by  Andrew  Blair  and 

seventy  seven  other-,  sought  a  separation  from  the  old  organization  and  the 
formation  of  a  new  one.  The  request  was  granted,  and  the  Second  Presby- 
terian Church   of  Carlisle  was  organized  in  the  town  hall  January    L2,  1833, 

with  the  foil,  .wine;  officers  taken  from  tl Id  church:   Elders     Lodn 

John  McClnre  and    Robert  ('lark:  deacons  -Peter  1!.  Smith,    Robert    trvim 
John   Proctor  and   Robert   Griffin.      It-  r<tsf<,rs  in  succession  ha-..'  been  !■'•■ 

McKinley,    1833  :;s;  Dr.    Alexander  T.  McGill,  1839-40;    Dr.    T.  V. 
Moore,    1842    15;    Rev.   -lame-   Lillie,    1846   18;    Eev.    Mervin    B.    Johnston, 
L849  54;  Rev.  W.  W.  Eels,   L854  62;  Rev.  John  < '.  Bliss,  1862  67;  and  Rev. 
Norcross,  since   1869. 

The  pastors  of  the  First  Church  after  Dr.  Duffield  have  I a:  Rev.  Will- 
iam T.  Sprole,  Rev.  Ellis  J.  Newlin,  Rev.  Conway  Phelps  Wing  and  Rev.  J. 
s.  Vance,  the  present  incumbent. 


212  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

In  Dickinson  Township.  — In  1810  application  was  made  to  presbytery  by 
James  Moore  and  Joseph  Galbraith  for  preaching  in  Dickinson  Township  for 
a  congregation  known  as  Walnut  Bottom.  It  was  granted,  and  Rev.  Henry 
E.  Wilson,  of  Dickinson  College,  aided  them.  In  1823  a  congregation  was 
regularly  organized  by  Rev.  Messrs.  Williams,  Duffield  and  McClelland,  with 
about  twenty  members.  The  early  pastors  in  succession  were  Revs.  Mc- 
Knight  Williamson,  Charles  P.  Cummins  and  Oliver  O.  McLean.  The  build- 
ing, brick  structure,  45x56  feet,  was  erected  in  1829  on  ground  given  by  Will- 
iam L.  Weakley,  Esq. 

In  Newville. — First  United  Presbyterian  Church  of  Newville  (formerly 
associate)  was  organized  as  early  as  1760.  Its  pastors:  John  Rogers,  1772- 
81;  John  Jamieson,  1784-92;  John  Craig,  1793-94;  James  McConnel,  1798- 
1809;  Alexander  Sharp,  D.D.,  1824-57;  Isaiah  Faries,  1858-59;  W.  L. 
WTallace,    1861. 

In  Carlisle.  — -About  1796,  a  lot  of  ground  in  Carlisle  was  transferred  by 
Thomas  and  John  Penn,  in  consideration  of  £6,  "to  Wm.  Blair,  Wm.  Moore, 
John  Smith  and  John  McCoy,  as  trustees  of  the  Associate  Presbyterian  Con- 
gregation, adhering  to  the  subordination  of  the  Associate  Presbytery  of  Penn- 
sylvania, of  which  the  Rev.  John  Marshall  and  James  Clarkson  are  members." 
Two  years  later  an  organization  was  established,  and  in  1802  a  building  was 
erected  upon  the  lot.  Rev.  Francis  Pringle  was  called  to  be  the  pastor. 
Gradually  its  members,  never  numerous,  were  absorbed  by  other  churches,  and 
the  house  became  the  property  of  the  Bethel  Church. 

In  Mechanicsbnrg. — The  rapid  growth  of  Mechanicsburg  in  consequence 
of  the  construction  of  the  Camberland  Valley  Railroad,  rendered  the  erection 
of  a  house  of  worship  at  that  place  a  necessity.  This  was  consummated  in  1858, 
and  in  October,  I860,  a  congregation  was  organized,  deriving  much  of  its 
strength  from  the  Silvers'  Spring  congregation.  Under  the  efficient  adminis- 
tration of  Rev.  Samuel  W.  Reigart.  who  has  been  its  pastor  since  1868,  this 
congregation  has  developed  great  power  in  the  community  and  in  the  denomi- 
nation to  which  it  belongs. 

EPISCOPAL    CHURCH. 

Mention  was  made  in  the  first  part  of  this  sketch  of  the  efforts  of  Rev. 
WTilliam  Thompson,  acting  under  the  direction  of  an  English  missionary  soci- 
ety, to  preach  the  gospel  and  establish  a  congregation  as  early  as  1753. 

In  Carlisle. — The  church  of  Carlisle  worshiped  in  a  stone  building  till 
about  1825,  when  a  new  structure  was  raised  on  the  site  of  the  present  one. 
This  structure  underwent  several  remodelings  until  the  present  neat  and  com- 
modious one  has  been  reached.  Its  vestry  has  always  embraced  men  of  prom- 
inence and  worth  in  the  community,  embracing  such  individuals  as  Robert 
Callender,  Francis  West,  George  Croghan,  Samuel  Postlethwaite,  David 
Watts,  Stephen  Foulke,  Frederick  Watts,  John  Baker,  etc. 

The  rectors  in  regular  succession  have  been  the  following  named  scholarly 
gentlemen:  Rev.  Dr.  John  Campbell,  1793-1819;  Rev.  J.  V.  E. Thorn,  1819-21; 
Rev.  George  Woodruff,  1821-22;  Rev.  Joshua  Spencer,  professor  in  Dickinson 
College,  1823-29;  Rev.  George  E.  Hare,  D.  D.,  1830-34;  Rev.  John  Goodman, 
1835-38;  Rev.  Patrick  H.  Greenleaf,  1838-40;  Rev.  Wm.  H.  Norris,  1840-50; 
Rev.  Jacob  B.  Morss,  1851-60;  Rev.  Francis  J.  Clerc,  1860-66.  Since  1866 
Rev.  Wm.  Leverett  has  held  the  position. 

METHODIST    CHURCH. 

In  Shippensburg. — The  Hon.  John  McCurdy,  in  his  historical  sketch  of 
Shippensburg,  says :   "In  the  year  1787  Methodism  was  introduced  into  this 


^w^uroWL 


BI8T0RY  OF  CI  MBBRLAND  CO!  NT1  .  215 

part  of  the  Cumberland  Valley  by  Rev.  John  Hagertj  and  Nelson  Reed,  Up 
to  that  time  there  was  no  organization  of  thai  denomination  of  people  here, 
Bnd  the  congregation  then  formed  was,  it  is  said,  the  only  one  in  the  valley. 
The  Oral  church  was  built  a  horn  the  year  I7'.'i>.  on  the  northwestern  end  of  the 
lut  upon  which  the  old  brick  church  now  stands.  It  was  built  of  logs  one- 
story  in  height,  and  was  probably  large  enough  t  i  seal  200  persons.  During 
it-,  early  years  the  congregation  was  small,  bul  at  the  commencement  of  tho 
present  century  it  began  to  increase,  and  many  of  its  members  were  amongst 
the  most  prominent  men  of  the  place.  Among  them  were  Rev.  John  Davi 
John  S  w  illiam  Sturgis,  William  Brookins,   Esq.,  William  Devor, 

Esq  .  John  Duncan,  Robert  Porter,  Esq.,  William  McKnight,  Benjamin  Hunt, 
Thomas  and  Caleb  Atherton,  with  man]  others  of  equal  standing  and  respect 
bility."  "Their  first  camp-meeting  was  held  in  either  1810  or  1811,  on  the 
farm  about  a  mile  northwest  of  Shippensburg;"  the  second,  in  1813;  a  Sunday 
school  was  organized  in  1815,  but,  proving  lifeless,  was  suspended  till  1834, 
when  it  tu,.k  on  vigorous  life.  In  1825  a  Q6«  brick  church  was  erected,  and, 
after  being  used  for  hair  a  century,  was  Bold  to  the  Colored  Methodists,  and 
a  new  one  built,  in  1875,  on  Bang  Street. 

In   Carlisle.  — The  Methodist  Church   in  Carlisle  became  a  separate  charge 

about  1823.     A  house  of  worship,  the  "old  Btone  church,"  had  I a  built,  as 

early  as  1802,  on  the  corner  of  Pitt  street  and  Church  Alley.      |n  1815,  a  sec 
ond.  a  commodious  brick  structure,  was  erected  on  Church  Alley.     In  course  of 
time,  a  still  larger  and  better  one  was  erected  on  the  corner  of  Pitt  and  High 
Streets,  the  Bite  of  the  present  house. 

After  Dickinson  College  passed  from  the  hand-  of  the  Presbyterians  into 
the  hand-  of  the  Methodists,  an  unusual  impetus  was  given  to  the  church  in 
and  around  Carlisle.  Dr.  John  Price  Durbin,  president  of  Dickinson  College 
from  is:::',  t,,  1845,  was  a  popular  pulpit  orator,  and  drew  large  audience-  at 
his  monthly  supplies  of  the  Carlisle  pulpit.  He  was  ably  supported  b\  such 
ministers  as  the  Revs.  Henrj  Kepler,  L835;  Geo.  1).  Gookman,  1836-37;  T. 
C.  Thornton.  1838  39;  Henry  Sheer,  1840   11;  Henry  Tarring,  1842-43;  John 

l)a\  i-.    1M  I.   and  others. 

In  Netwille.  The  first  Methodist  Church  in  Newville  was  constructed  of 
brick  in  1826,  and  the  present  one  in  1846.  The  first  was  erected  largely 
through  the  agency  of  Nathan  Reed  and  Robert  McLaughlin. 

In  Mechanicsburg.  Though  preaching  was  o  inducted  at  Mechanicsburg  as 
early  as  1819  by  Revs,   dame,  Riley  and   Jo  in    j  -  \  hill,  the  church  was  not 

organized  till  1827,  when  Rev.  Oliver  Ege.  the  onlj  member  in  that  locality. 
formed  a  temporary  class.  Two  years  later,  however,  a  permanent  class  was 
formed  at  the  house  of  George  Webbert,  -till  an  honored  citizen  of  the  town. 
Thi-  class,  Henry  Shrom,  leader,  had.  at  first,  but  eighteen  or  twenty  mem- 
bers, but  the  number  increased  to  200.  The  pastors  in  charge  at  the  time  of 
its  organization  were  Revs.  Thomas  Megee  and  Thos.  H.  AY.  Monroe. 

Preaching  in  the  primitive  times  was  conducted  in  private  houses,  then  in 

the  old  Union  Church  on  Main  Street,  next  in  the  first  editii rected   in    1830 

and   1831  on  the  southeast  corner  of  Arch  and   Locust  Streets.     The  building 
is  still  standing  and  osed  for  dwelling  purp  ses.     In   1853  a  lot  was  pr< 
and  a  new  house  erected  on  the  corner  ol    M  tin  and  Market  Streets;  thi-  house 
was  greatly  improved  by  repair-  in  lS.Vi  an  I   1SS5.      Near  the  church  i-  a  com 
modious  parsonage,  the  gift  of  Dai  a,   an  honored  member.     The 

membership  of  the  church  is   175;    of  the  Sunday-school,   nnd 
supervision  of  Oliver  Mordorf,  Is". 

Berved  the  congregation,   viz.:     Revs.   James 


216  HISTORY  OP  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

Reiley,  John  Bowen,  Thomas  Megee,  John  Donohue,  Elisha  Butler,  William 
O.  Lumsden,  Thomas  Myers,  Andrew  I.  Megee,  Samuel  Kepler,  John  Rhoads, 
James  Watts,  J.  R.  Wheeler,  James  Sanks,  William  McMullin,  T.  H.  W. 
Monroe,  William  Guin,  Cambridge  Graham,  S.  B.  Dunlap,  Thomas  McCart- 
ney, J.  Wesley  Black,  Job  A.  Price,  J.  C.  Clark,  John  Stine,  Thomas  Dough- 
erty, J.  H.  McGarrah,  J.  M.  Lantz,  William  Rink,  P.  P.  Eyer,  A.  S.  Bow- 
man, John  A.  Woodcock,  B.  H.  Mosser  and  B.  F.  Stevens,  who  is  the  pres- 
ent incumbent. 

Other  congregations  exist  in  the  county,  viz. :  Mount  Holly,  New  Cumber- 
land, West  Fairview,  Rehoboth,  etc.,  which  are  of  more  recent  origin,  and 
whose  history  properly  belongs  to  the  townships  in  which  they  are  located. 
These  congregations  are  the  aggressive  ones  of  the  county. 

ROMAN    CATHOLIC    CHURCH. 

St.  Patrick's  Church,  Carlisle,  was  for  a  time  a  supply  station  of  the  Jes- 
uits of  Conowago,  to  whom  it  belonged.  In  1807  the  present  brick  structure 
was  built,  and  somewhat  enlarged  in  1823.  Its  title  became  diocesan  under 
the  administration  of  Rt.  Rev.  Bishop  Connell,  and  Rev.  Diven  became  its  first 
priest.  In  1858  the  house  was  destroyed  by  fire,  but  was  rebuilt  in  a  short 
time  through  the  agency  of  Rev.  Maher,  of  Harrisburg.  Subsequent  to  his  de- 
parture it  was  a  dependency,  for  a  time,  on  Chambersburg  and  Harrisburg;  but 
in  1877  its  separate  existence  was  restored,  and  Rev.  Louis  J.  McKenna  be- 
came its  pastor.      At  present  it  is  under  the  care  of  Rev.  Father  McKenny. 

GERMAN    REFORMED    CHURCH. 

The  Reformed  Church,  as  it  is  now  called  in  this  country,  had  an  early  hold 
upon  the  people  of  Cumberland  Valley,  its  accessions  coming  mainly  from  the 
large  influx  of  German  immigrants.  For  a  time,  meeting-houses  were  used  con- 
jointly with  the  Lutherans,  who  shared  with  them  in  religious  watch-care  over 
the  rapidly  increasing  German  settlements.  Without  attempting  to  arrange 
these  congregations  chronologically,  we  refer  briefly  to  a  few  of  the  leading  ones. 

Some  time  prior  to  1797  a  congregation  was  formed  in  the  lower  part  of  the 
county,  near  Shiremanstown,  known  then  as  ' '  Frieden'  s  Kirche, "  "  Salem, 
or  Peace  Church,"  but  latterly  as  "  The  Old  Stone  Church,"  through  the  la- 
bors of  Rev.  Anthony  Hautz.  The  first  structure  was  wooden,  and  was  used 
conjointly  for  church  and  school  purposes. 

The  subscription  paper  for  this  house,  now  used  for  school  purposes  exclu- 
sively, was  dated  April  4,  1797,  and  contained  the  following  names  and 
amounts,  ' '  Fredrich  Lang,  £2  5s. ;  Jonas  Rupp,  £2  5s. ;  Johannes  Schopp, 
£3;  Johannes  Schnevely,  15s.;  George  Wuermle,  15s.;  George  Wild,  7s.  6d. ; 
Conrad  Weber,  7s.  6d. ;  Martin  Thomas,  3s. ;  Johannes  Schwartz,  lis.  4d. ; 
Philip  Heck,  7s.  6d. ;  Adam  Viehman,  7s.  6d. ;  Jacob  Colp,  £1  10s. ;  John 
Merkle,  £3 ;  Casper  Swartz,  7s.  8d. ;  Christian  Swartz,  7s.  6d. ;  Abraham  Wolf, 
7s.  6d. ;  Frederich  Schweitzer,  7s.  6d. ;  Martin  Hausser,  £5 ;  Johannes  Eberly, 
£4  17s.  6d. ;  Elizabeth  Lang  (Wittfrau).  15s." 

On  the  26th  of  May,  1797,  the  congregation  obtained  deeds  for  the 
land  connected  with  the  schoolhouse  from  Henry  Schnevely  and  Nicholas 
Kreutzer.  In  1798  the  stone  church  was  erected,  under  the  superintendence 
of  the  following  building  committee:  Fred  Lang,  Jonas  Rupp,  Leonard 
Swartz  and  Rev.  Anthony  Hautz,  the  architects  being  Martin  Rupp  and 
Thomas  Anderson. 

May  18,  1806,  a  half  interest  in  this  church  and  school  property  was  sold  to 
a  neighboring  Lutheran  congregation,  known  as  Poplar  Church,  for  £405  17s. 


lltsrnKY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTS  'JIT 

:;  I      The  early  pastors  of  this  congregation  were  R   i      Lnthonj  Eautz,  3    G 
Booher,  Thomas  Apple,    \.  K.  ELreamer,  Flitch  rohn    V nit.     On 

l  .if  June,  1806,  this  congregation  held  its  lasl  oommnnion,  most  of  its 
memhere  uniting  soon  afterward  with  St.  Paul's  Reformed  Churoh,  of  Me 
ohaniosburg. 

In  Shippensburg.     A  Reformed  congregation   was  organized  at   sin. 
burg  about  1780.     s.  mewhal  later  in  the  last  century  a  lot  for  burial  purposes 

ecured  by  the  Reformed  and  Lutheran  oo  outheast 

oarner  of  Queen  and  Orange  Streets.  On  this  Loi  a  log  church  edifice  was 
erected,  which  was  used  till  L812.  About  the  same  time  a  1. rick  edifice  was 
Imilt  on  the  Bite  of  the  present   Reformed  Church,  and  was  used  by  the  two 

[rations  for  a  number  of  years.      In  1828  Rev.  John  Babblestine  becom 
ing  one  of  its  pastors,  preached  doctrines  nut  accordant  with  those  of  I 
pie.     The  church  doors  were  dosed  against  him,  when  he  withdrew,  with  car 
tain  followers,  and  organized  the  Church  of  God     Subsequently   these  two 
churches  separated  each  building  an  edifice  of  its  own. 

■    arltsle.      Th  d  Church    in  Carlisle   was   built   in    1M>7.      Asa 

means  of  giving  vitality  to  the  cause  in  this  portion  of  the  State,  a  movement 
was  inaugurated  in  Is 1 7  to  establish  a  theological  seminary,  a  plan  for  the  ex 
edition  of  which  was  not,  however,  developed  till  1820.  Some  s:;o,ii(i(|  wore 
subscribed  conditionally,  but  never  realized  Through  the  influence  of  the 
Carlisle  Church  and  Dickinsi  0  College  the  institution  was  located  in  Carlisle, 
and  maintained  a  doubtful  existence  for  four  years,  the  subscriptions  not  prov- 
ing sound.  In  lVJ'.l  th,.  seminar}  was  removed  to  York,  and  in  lS:',o  to  Mer 
oersburg. 

LUTHERAN  CHURCH. 

Referring  to  the  remarks  made  concerning  the  Reformed  Church,  it  may 
be  stated  that  the  growth  of  this  denomination  has  occurred  largely  during  the 
present  century. 

In  Eaat  Pennsborottgh. — David  F.  Eyster,  in  his  account  of  East  Penns- 
borough  Township,  for  Wing's  History,  says:  "The  first  church  built  in  this 
end  of  the  county  is  one  mile  north  of  Camp  Hill  and  is  called  'Hickory 
Wood  Church.'  It  was  lmilt  probably  as  early  as  17(',;,.  by  the  Lutherans,  of 
logs   and  iu  two  departments,  the  lower  story   being  used  for  school   pur 

and  the  resideni f  tin' teacher,  while  the  second  story  was   kept  ex 

olusively  for  divine  services.  The  old  church  has  been  removed  and  another 
one  lmilt.  known  as  the    -poplar  Church.' 

The  pastors  of  this  congregation  were  Revs.  Frederick  Sanno,  Benjamin 
Keller.  Augustus  I-  I     'mund  Keller.  Augustus  Babb,   X.   J.   Sir.  li.   A. 

Hight.  (     I     Stover,  -I.  I!.  Grofl  ami  II.  X.  Fegley.     A  uew  brick  building, 
with  bell  included  $9,104,91,  was  dedicated  Jul]  'J.  I860. 

fn  Newville.     The  first  Lutheran  Church  in  Newville  was  built  of  brick  in 

lvo'_':  the  second  of  brick  in  1862.     Names  >>f   pastors:     Revs.  I>.  1'.  Rosen 

muller,  1832-40;  John  Heck,  IM1    15;   E.   Breidenbaugh,  fouryi 

L.  Harkev.   two   years;  Joshua  Evans,    1852  60;  II.    Baker,  1861   67;  Harry 

n't.  1867-71;   H,  Fleck.    1S71   7'-';  J.   A.  Clutz,  ls7'_'-7::;  H.   .1.  Wat' 

-  .  I 

//■  Shippensburg. —  The  church  in  Shippensburg  ii  rai is  with 

that  of  the  Reformed,  dating   back   to   the   close  of   the  last    century.      (See 

In   Centervitte.     The  church  in  Centerville  was  built,  in   1852,  under  the 
pastorate  of  Ri      I  barles Klink.    Its  pa-tors:   1).  I\  !;..-<  i. muller.  .lohn  Rosen 
berg.  Christian  Kunkle,  Charles  Klink.  S.  S.  Link.  .1.  Wefley,  A.  Babb,  B,  I. 
Guss,  S.  W.  Owen,  G.  M.  Garhart,  G.  I ».   Keedy,  J.  Deitrich,  D.  Swope. 


218  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

In  Carlisle. — The  church  in  Carlisle  was  early  blessed  with  the  labors  of 
strong  men,  among  whom  may  be  mentioned  Jacob  Goehring,  George  Butler, 
F.  D.  Schaeffer,  A.  H.  Meyer,  John  Herbst.  Commencing  with  1816,  the  reg- 
ular pastors  were:  Revs.  Benjamin  Keller,  1816-28;  C.  F.  Heyer,  C.  F. 
Schaeffer,  John  XJlrich,  J.  N.  Hoffman,  Jacob  Fry,  S.  P.  Sprecher,  Joel 
Swartz,  D.  D.,  C.  S.  Albert,  — Freas,  and  H.  B.  Wile,  the  present  incumbent. 

On  the  11th  of  March,  1851,  the  house  of  worship  was  consumed  by  tire. 
Though  it  was  not  insured,  a  large  structure  was  immediately  erected.  This 
has  been  enlarged  several  times  since,  to  meet  the  demands  of  the  increasing 
congregation. 

A  number  of  other  congregations  exist  in  the  county  whose  histories  are 
referred  to  in  their  respective  towns  and  townships. 

CHUBCH    OF    GOD. 

This  organization  began  about  1830,  under  the  leadership  of  Bev.  John 
Winebrenner,  of  Harrisburg.  The  first  effort  to  establish  a  congregation  in 
Cumberland  County  was  made  at  Shippensburg,  Rev.  John  Habblestine  taking 
advantage  of  some  dissension  in  the  Reformed  and  Lutheran  Churches  to  form 
a  new  organization,  to  be  known  as  the  "Union  Christian  Church."  A  consti- 
tution was  adopted  October  24,  1828,  with  John  Heck,  Jacob  Dewalt  and 
John  Blymire  as  elders;  David  "Wagner,  Michael  Ziegler,  Henry  Keefer  and 
John  Taughinbaugh  as  deacons,  and  Jacob  Knisley  and  John  Carey  as  trustees. 
They  were  subsequently  under  charge  of  Revs.  Rebo,  Dietrich  Graves  and 
James  Mackey.  About  1834  or  1835  the  name  was  changed  to  the  "Church 
of  God." 

The  first  house  of  worship  was  built  in  1828;  the  next,  a  two-story  brick, 
was  erected  in  1870,  at  a  cost  of  $17,000.  Congregations  were  organized  in 
all  parts  of  the  county,  and  suitable  houses  of  worship,  called  ' '  Bethels, ' '  sup- 
plied as  follows:  Milltown,  1833,  by  Elder  Winebrenner;  Walnut  Grove 
Schoolhouse,  1835,  by  Elder  J.  Keller;  Shiremanstown,  1838,  by  Rev.  Keller; 
Newburg,  1834,  by  Elder  James  Mackey;  Newville,  1837,  by  Elder  David 
Kyle;  Green  Spring,  1852,  by  Elder  Kyle;  Plainfield,  1S54,  by  Elder  Peter 
Klippinger;  Carlisle,  1864,  a  congregation  of  eighteen  members. 

GERMAN    BAPTISTS. 

This  denomination,  which  occupies  such  a  conspicuous  position  in  country 
places,  had,  for  a  time,  no  other  place  of  worship  than  private  houses,  barns 
and  schoolhouses.  Its  congregations  were  served  by  an  unpaid  ministry.  We 
subjoin  a  sketch  from  notes  prepared  in  1878  by  Elder  Moses  Miller:  Adam 
and  Martin  Brandt's,  in  Monroe  Township;  Daniel  Basehoar's,  in  East  Penns- 
borough  Township,  and  John  Cochlin's,  in  Allen  Township,  were  the  first  meet- 
ing places,  and  the  first  communion  meeting  was  held  at  Adam  Brandt' s  nearly 
eighty  years  ago.  Adam  Brandt  was  the  first  minister  chosen,  though  he  did 
not  serve,  and  about  1820  John  Zeigler  and  Michael  Mishler  were  chosen,  the 
former  of  whom  removed  to  Ohio  some  years  afterward.  In  1S23  Daniel  Bol- 
linger, from  Juniata  County,  became  the  first  ordained  elder  in  Cumberland 
County,  and  gave  the  church  a  regular  organization.  He  served  some  twenty- 
five  years,  and  died  in  1855  at  Lebanon,  Ohio,  whither  he  had  removed  in  1848. 
Adam  Steinberger  was  chosen  about  1829,  and  Rudolph  Mohler  in  1832.  '  Rev. 
Christopher  Johnson  came  to  Dickinson  Township  from  Maryland  in  1828. 
Daniel  Hollinger  and  Samuel  Etter  were  chosen  about  1835,  and  David  Horst 
in  1841. 

About  1836  the  church  divided  into  two  sections,  known  as   "Upper  Cum- 


HISTORY  OP  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY.  210 

borlun.l"  and  "  Lower  Cumberland,"  respectively,  Baltimore  Turnpike  and 
the  Long's  Gap  road  being  the  dividing  line.  The  ministers  of  the  "  Lower" 
Ghureh  have  been  Moses  Miller,  chosen  in  1849,  A, lam  Beelman,  in  L851; 
David  Nieslej  and  A.  L.  Bowman,  in  L863;  Jacob  Barman,  in  L865;  Cyrus 
Brindle,  in  'ls''s:  B  II  Nickey,  in  1871.  Rev.  J.  B.  Garver  cam.'  from 
Huntingdon  County  in  1874  to  within  the  limits  of  this  congregation. 

The  firsl  minister  and  the  first  ordainedelder  of  the  "  I  pper"  Church  was 
Christopher  Johnson,  and  David  Ecker,  from  A. lams  County,  was  (1836)  the 
Beoond  elder.  John  Eby  was  chosen  in  Ml;  Joseph  Sollenberger,  in  18-13; 
Allen  Mohler,  in  1846;  Daniel  H  movedtothe  "  Upper"  Church  from 

iwernonein  L848;  Daniel  Keller,  chosen  in  L851;  George  Hollinger, 
about  ls:'s".  Daniel  Demuth,  in  L860;  Daniel  Hollinger,  in  1868;  Caspar  Hos 
felt,  in  1873. 

Until   ]s;>:,  th«-  Lower  Cong]  l  no  house  of  worship  of  its  own, 

but  had  an  allotment  in  onion  houses  built  in  Meohanicsbnrg  in  1825,  at  She]. 
herdstown  ami  at  Cochlin's,  in  Borne  of  which  meetings  are  still  hold.  In  1855 
Baker'-  Meeting  House  was  built  on  the  Lisburn  road,  in  Monroe  Township; 
Miller's  a  mile  from  Sterrett's  (lap.  in  1858,  and  Mohler' s,  in  1861,  six  miles 

southwest  from  Harrisburg,  on  the  state  road.      In  1863  a  g 1  brick  build 

ing  was  erected  near  Hunt-ville.  and  a  few  years  later  a  union  church  was  built 
in  Frankf ord  Township,  one-third  of  which  the  German  Baptists  own.  and  in 
L875  a  house  of  worship  was  put  up  by  them  exclusively  at  Boiling  Springs. 
Four  miles  north  of  Shippensburg  is  the  Fogelsanger  Meeting  House. 

I  M  DKD    BBl 

This  aggressive  denomination  owe-,  it-,  organized  form  largely  to  the  efforts 
of  William  Otterbein,  "a  pious  and  zealous  preacher  Erom  Germany,"  and 
began  about  the  opening  of  the  present  century,  its  numbers  have  increased 
rapidly,  and  congregations  may  be  found  in  all  portions  of  the  county.  The 
following  have  been  some  of  the  members  who  have  served  as  its  preachers: 
H.  A.  Schlichter,  W.  O.  Quigley,  A.  II.  Rice,  W.  H.  Wagner,  J.  C. 
Wiedler,  J.  German,  J.  1'.  Anthony,  J.  R.  Atchinson,  B.  G.  Huber,  D.  R. 
Burkhohler. 

///  Mechanic8burg — The  church  in  Mechanicslmrg  began,  in  1S4G,  in  the 
labors  of  Rev.  Jacob  3.  Kessler,  who  served  three  years.  His  successors  in 
work  were  the  following  reverend  gentlemen:  Alexander  Owen,  .1.  C.  Smith. 
Samuel  Enterline,  \\  .  B.  Wagner,  William  Owen.  John  Dickson.  Daniel  Eb- 
erlv.  W.  B  Raber,  -I.  Philip  Bishop,  S.  A.  Mowers,  C.  T.  Stearnthen,  H.  A. 
Schlichter.  .1.  T.  Shaffer.  J.  B  Funk  and  J.  R.  Hutchinson,  the  present  in- 
cumbent. 

From  1846  to  1857  the  congregation  occupied  the. old   Onion  Church.     In 
the  latter  year  a  house  wa-  built  by  the  congregation,  and  it  answered  all  nec- 
pnrposes  till  1874,  when  the  present  brick  structure  was  erected  at 
000.     The  membership  of  the  congregation  is  220,  and  the  pastor's  -al- 
ary $550. 

I„  Shipp  isburg. — The  congregation  in  Shippensburg  began  in  1866.  In 
June.  L869,  a  good  house  of  worship  was  dedicated.  The  congregation  has 
been  growing  rapidly  in  numbers  and  influence. 

TIIF    HXimONITEB. 

Tin-  religious  body  began  t"  appear  in  Cumberland  County  at  the  opening 
of  the  pre-,.,, t  century  (Ctr.  1803).     Thefirst  efl  iblish  a  congregation 

was  made  at  Slate  Hill,  a  mile  south  of   Shiremanstown,  under  the  labors  of 


220  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

George  Rupp,  Sr.,  and  Henry  Martin.  In  1818  was  erected  a  large  brick 
building,  which  was  reconstructed  and  improved  in  1876.  The  congregation 
increased  quite  rapidly,  enjoying  the  labors  of  Jacob  Mumma  and  Henry  Rupp. 

About  the  same  time  preaching  began  about  two  miles  east  of  Carlisle, 
resulting  in  the  forming  of  a  congregation  which,  in  1832,  erected  a  building 
since  known  as  the  ' '  Stone  Church. ' '  Some  of  the  preachers  were  John  Erb 
and  Christian  Herr,  and  latterly  Henry  Weaver  and  Jacob  Herr.  Under  the 
direction  of  such  ministers  as  Messrs  Rupp,  Mumma,  Martin,  Abram  Burgert, 
Martin  Whistler,  and  others  whose  names  are  not  recalled,  preaching  has  been 
supplied,  in  German  or  English,  at  a  number  of  places  in  the  county:  Martin's 
Schoolhouse  (1828),  Union  Church  near  Michael  Cochlin's  (1848),  Union  House, 
at  Jacob  Herr's,  near  Boiling  Springs,  Diller's  Mill,  Union  Church  in  Mechan- 
icsburg. 

The  Reformed  Mennonites,  who  claim  to  hold,  in  greater  reverence,  the 
doctrines  and  usages  of  the  primitive  church  than  those  from  whom  they  sepa- 
rated, have  a  number  of  congregations:  One  at  Winding  Hill,  two  miles  and  a 
half  from  Mechanicsburg;  One  near  Middlesex,  and  one  at  Plainfield.  Some 
of  the  early  settlers,  about  1825  or  1830,  were  Samuel  Bear,  Dietrich  Steiner, 
Peter  Miller,  Christian  Genrich,  Samuel  Newcomer  and  others.  Most  of  their 
preachings  have  been  conducted  by  men  living  without  the  limits  of  the  Cum- 
berland, George  Keiser  being  a  resident  minister. 

EVANGELICAL    ASSOCIATION. 

This  society  owes  its  commencement  to  Jacob  Albright,  who  began  to  form 
societies  about  1800.  The  first  church  organized  in  Cumberland  County  was 
in  1833,  in  the  house  of  David  Kutz,  a  mile  or  two  east  of  Carlisle.  Among 
the  first  members  were  John  Kratzer,  Christian  Ruhl  and  David  Kutz.  Revs. 
J.  Barber  and  J.  Baumgartner  were  the  first  ministers.  Letort  Spring  Church, 
where  the  first  organization  was  made,  is  a  building  of  no  ordinary  pretentions, 
and  is  attended  by  an  influential  congregation.  There  are  several  hundred 
communicants  in  the  county,  and  there  are  church  buildings  at  following  named 
points:  Carlisle,  Cleversburg,  Hickorytown,  Leesburg,  Letort  Spring, 
McClure's  Gap,  Middlesex,  Mifflin,  Mount  Holly,  Mount  Rock,  New  Kingston 
and  Wagner' s.  The  Carlisle  congregation  had  its  inception  in  a  class  of  some 
dozen  persons,  which  was  formed  in  1866,  and  for  a  time  they  held  meetings 
at  the  house  of  Rev.  J.  Boas;  in  1867  the  meetings  were  held  in  Rheem's 
Hall.  May  15,  1870,  St.  Paul's  Evangelical  Church,  a  substantial  brick 
building  on  Louther  Street,  was  dedicated.  This  congregation  has  been 
served  by  Revs.  J.  G.  M.  Swengel,  J.  H.  Leas,  H.  B.  Hartzler,  J.  M. 
Ettinger,  J.  M.  Pines,  H.  A.  Stoke,  A.  H  Irvine.  The  church  is  thriving 
and  prosperous. 


BISTORT  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY.  221 


CHAPTEB  XIII. 

POUnOAJ      8LAVEB-J    M  CUMBKBLAMD  COUKTT,  ETC 

THERE  is  little  to  say  concerning  the  political  leaning  of  the  inhabitants 
Countj  through  the  centurj  and  a  quarter  and reof  its 

..  We  have  followed  its  soldiery  through  several  wars  and  learned 
bow  they  fought  and  fell;  we  have  seen  that,  with  bo  fev,  exceptions  as  hardly 
to  be  accounted,  the  people  have  been  at  all  times  arrayed  on  the  side  of  home 
andoountry,  and  given  of  their  means  and  of  their  life  hi 1  to  attain  their 

li,,n.       \\  here  these  motives  are  appermosl    there  is  little    need  ol   ask 

in- what  i-  the  political  belief  of  the  citizens,  for  they   can  col   go  far  in  the 

wrong  in  anj  event     For  many  years  the  majority  of  the  voters  m  Cumber- 

nnty  have  cast  their  ballots  with  the  party  of  Jetl'erson   and  Jackson, 

aocratdc  majority  at  the  local  .■lection  in  the  autumn  of  1885  being  over 

1  i mi  i.      \t  times,  however,  the  popularity  of  candidates  on  the  side  of  the  Re- 
::.  or  minoritj  party,  is  sufficient  to  win  for  them  responsible  positions, 

as  in  the  case  of  the'  present   president  judge,  Wilbur  F.  Sadler. 

SI.AVKKY    IN    CUMnERLANI)    COUNTY. 

Many  of  the  early  residents  of  Cumberland  County  owned  slaves,  and  on 
the  old  assessment  records  we  find  property  holders  taxed  often  with  one  or 
mote  "negroes,"  according  to  their  position  and  means.  One  instance  only 
is  given  that  of  Carlisle,  in  1768,  when  the  following  persons  owned  the  num- 
ber of  negroes  Bei  opposite  then-  respective  names; 

John  Armstrong,    Esq.,   two;  Robert    Gibson,   one;  John  Kinkead,  one; 

Esq.,     two;    Robert     Miller.     Ksq.,    three;    .lames    Pollock. 

tavern-keeper,  two;  char!.-  Pattison,  one;  Key.  John  Steel,  two;  Joseph 
Spear,  two;  Richard  Tea,  two    -total,  eighteen. 

Even  ministers,  it  is  seen  from  the  fore-,, in-,  adopted  the  common  custom 
of  owning  slaves,  as  well  as  the  people,  yet  the  public  feeling  in  the  Colony— 
or  Stat.' "was  never  in  favor  of  that  form  of  bondage,  especially  among  the 
Quakers,  the  Scotch  and  Irish  settlers  looking  at  it  m  ire  favorably  and  having 
numbers  of  negroes,  then  not  exceedingly  valuable  in  market.  It  is  said  that 
88  were  generally  allowed  to  share  in  all  family  and  domestic  comforts, 
from  long  residence  in  families  they  attained  to  much  consideration  and  affec- 
tion, and  seldom  were  made  the  subjects  of  cruelty.  In  many  respects  their 
position  in  the  families  to  which  thej  belonged  was  preferable  to  that  which 
was  awarded  to  hirelings  for  only  brief  terms  of  service."  The  attention  of 
the  Assembly  was  called  to  the  subject  of  slavery  by  the  Supreme  Executive 
Council,  James  McLene*  at  the  time  representing  Cumberland  County,  that 
body  referring  to  the  matter   February   15,  1779,  in  the  following  language: 

••  We  would  also  again  bring  into  your  view  a  plan  for  the  gradual  abolition  of 
slavery,  so  disgraceful  to  any  people  and  more  especially  to  those  who  have 
been  contending  in  the  great   cause  of  liberty  themselves,   and  upon  whom 

|  | ei has  bestowed  such  eminent  marks  of  its  favor  and  protection.     We 

•Resided  in  Antrim  Township,  now  Frauklin  County,  and  died  March  13, 1806. 


222  HISTORY    OF   CUMBERLAND   COUNTY. 

think  we  are  loudly  called  on  to  evince  our  gratitude  in  making  our  fellow-men 
joint  heirs  with  us  of  the  same  inestimable  blessings,  under  such  restrictions 
and  regulations  as  will  not  injure  the  community  and  will  imperceptibly  enable 
them  to  relish  and  improve  the  station  to  which  they  will  be  advanced.  Hon- 
ored will  that  State  be  in  the  annals  of  history  which  shall  abolish  this  viola- 
tion of  the  rights  of  mankind,  and  the  memories  of  those  will  be  held  in 
grateful  and  everlasting  rememberance  who  shall  pass  the  law  to  restore  and 
establish  the  rights  of  human  nature  in  Pennsylvania.  We  feel  ourselves  so 
interested  on  this  point  as  to  go  beyond  what  may  be  deemed  by  some  the 
proper  line  of  our  duty,  and  acquaint  you  that  we  have  reduced  this  plan  to 
the  form  of  a  law,  which  if  acceptable  we  shall  in  a  few  days  communicate  to 
you." 

The  Assembly  did  not  act  upon  the  matter  at  that  meeting,  but  through 
the  exertions  of  George  Bryan,  the  author  of  the  proposed  law  in  the  council, 
who  subsequently  become  a  representative  in  the  Assembly,  the  bill  was  passed 
March  1,  1780,  by  a  vote  of  34  to  21,  and  slavery  was  abolished  in  Pennsyl- 
vania. The  act  provided  for  the  registration  of  every  negro  or  mulatto  slave 
or  servant  for  life,  before  the  1st  of  November,  1780,  and  that  "  no  man  or 
woman  of  any  color  or  nation,  except  the  negroes  or  mulattoes,"  so  registered 
should  thereafter,  at  any  time,  be  held  in  the  commonwealth  other  than  as  free. 
Exceptions  were  made  in  the  servants  of  members  of  Congress,  foreign  min- 
isters, and  people  passing  through  or  not  stopping  longer  than  six  months  in 
the  State.  In  1790  Cumberland  County  had  223  slaves;  in  1800,  228;  in 
1810,  307;  in  1820,  17;  in  1S30,  7;  in  1840,  24;  and  in  1850,  none,  those 
registered  as  such  by  the  act  of  1780,  and  so  continuing  through  life,  having 
passed  away.  Negroes  were  often  advertised  for  sale  in  the  early  newspapers 
of  Carlisle,  showing  up  their  desirable  qualities;  and  such  notices  appeared  as 
late  as  1830. 

During  the  exciting  years  last  preceding  the  civil  war  of  1861-65  more  than 
one  fugitive  from  the  terrors  of  slavery  was  assisted  on  his  way  to  freedom  and 
safety  by  sympathizing  citizens  of  this  county.  The  county  was  so  near  the 
border  of  a  Slave  State  that  it  was  an  easy  matter  for  kidnapers  to  make  bold 
raids  into  it  and  carry  off  unsuspectingly  colored  persons  over  the  border  into 
slavery.  One  incident  occurred  in  Dickinson  Township  worth  mentioning: 
Some  time  in  the  spring  of  1859  a  mulatto  named  John  Butler  settled  vtith  his 
wife  and  child  in  a  small  house  near  Spruce  Run.  The  child  attended  the 
Farmers'  Academy  and  the  parents  worked  at  such  employment  as  they  could 
find.  On  the  night  of  June  10  following  they  disappeared  suddenly,  under 
circumstances  which  pointed  to  a  case  of  kidnaping.  Measures  were  taken 
to  secure  the  perpetrators  of  the  crime  and  punish  them.  Emanuel  Myers,  of 
Maryland,  a  noted  negro  catcher,  was  apprehended  by  the  sheriff  soon  after, 
while  in  Pennsylvania,  and  placed  in  jail  at  Carlisle.  The  people  in  Maryland 
and  South  became  angry  over  the  matter,  claiming  he  was  decoyed  into  Penn- 
sylvania to  be  captured.  The  Northern  papers  united  in  demanding  that 
Myers  be  tried  and  punished.  His  trial  came  off  in  August,  the  common- 
wealth being  represented  by  A.  Brady  Sharpe,  Esq.,  and  Hon.  Fredk.  Watts, 
of  Carlisle.  Myers  was  found  guilty,  but  promised  to  return  Butler  and  his 
family  if  he  himself  might  be  set  free.  Sentence  was  suspended,  he  was  re- 
leased on  his  own  recognizance  to  appear  at  a  subsequent  session  of  court,  and 
soon  after  the  colored  family  returned  to  Dickinson  Township.  The  common- 
wealth practically  dropped  the  case  then.  The  war  soon  followed,  and  slavery 
was  ended  in  the  entire  country. 


I  s./s«_ 


BISTORT  OF  CI  MBBBLAND  CO!  NT! 


CHAPTER  XIV. 


225 


a, .1:1.  1  1  11  1:  u      Cumberland  Counti    A-gbicultural  S 1  r— Grangi  bs' 

I'i.  su  i:\111r.1  noN.  Wnii  ms'  Groa  b. 

THE  advancement  of  science  baa  b seen  in  the  improvements  which 
ttharacterize  the  culitivation  of  the  soil,  and  the  progress  thai  has  marked 
the  introduction  of  agricultural  implements.  Farming,  stock-raising,  bee  cul 
tare  and  fruit  growing  •were,  formerly,  largely  matters  of  chance.  Inherited 
knowledge  sufficed  for  the  average  husbandman.  Be  plowed  and  bowi 
reaped  as  his  ancestors  did.  Drainage,  fertilization,  the  improvement  of 
stock,  the  use  of  improved  implements  of  husbi  e  subjects  did  nol 

agitate  his  mind.     Nol  so  the  intelligent  modern  farmer.      Be  I ps  abreast 

of  his  age,  and  reads  the  latest  and  best  literature  bearing  on  his  chosen  field 
of  labor.  A.  knowledge  of  physiology,  botany,  mineralogy,  geologj  andvege 
table  chemistry  seems  to  be  a  necessity  for  him.  He  resizes  thai  his  occupa 
tion  affords  a  superior  opportunity  for  making  and  recording  observations  that 
will  be  valuable,  nol  only  to  him  but  others  similarly  engaged  Berisesabove 
the  narrow  selfishness  that  too  often  characterizes  his  fellow  laborers,  and  be- 
oomee  a  philanthropic  scientist  whom  the  future  will   rise  up  and  call  blessed 

To  this  classbelongs  Bon.  Frederick  Watte  of  Carlisle,  who,  thoughen) 
in  the  intrioacies  of  the  legal  profession,  always  had  both  time  and  inclination 
to  advance  the  true  interests  of  the  farming  community.  Be  was  both  a  theo- 
retical and  B  practical  farmer,  ami  to  him  more  than  to  any  other  man  in  the 
Cumberland  Valley  may  be  attributed  the  improvements  in  agriculture  in  that 
region. 

In  June.  1839,  Judge  Watts  wasdriving  a  carriage,  containing  himself  and 
wife,  from  New  York  to  Philadelphia,  no  railroad  at  that  time  connecting  the 
two  cities.  Near  Trenton.  N.  .1 . .  he  was  met  on  the  road  by  Lieut.  William 
I  atesNavy,  and  asked,  "Watts,  where  are  you  g 

Being  told  he  took  the  Judge  to  his  farm,  on  which  was  growing  an  excellent 
quality  of  wheat.  It  proved  to  be  a  .Mediterranean  variety,  three  bushels  of 
which  were  brought   by  him  a  year  or  two  previous  from  Italy,  near  Li 

Judge  Watte  Bix  barrels  of  the  seed,  which  were  sown  on  his  Eann  near 
Carlisle.  By  these  two  men  was  introduced  into  the  United  States,  and  BSpeC 
iallv  into  the  Cumberland  Valley,  this  popular  variety  of   wheat. 

During  the  harvest  ofl840the  first  WcCormick  reaper  overused  in  Penn 
sylvania.  was  taken  bj  Judge  Watts  int.  a  twelve  acre  field  that  would  yield 
about  thirty  live   bushels   of   wheat    per   acre.       It  was   a   trial   of  the   machine. 
There  were   present  from  500  to  1,000  spectators  to  witness  "Watts'  folly." 
as  it  was  called     The  cutting  of  the  wheat    was  rapid  and  perfect,  but  the 
general  verdict  was.  that   "one  man  could  not  rake  off  the  grain  with  sufficient 
rapidity."     A   well  dressed  Btranger  came  up.   ami   gave   some   Bug 
which  aided  the  raker   BOmewhat;   hut   even    yet    the  team    could  Qot     lie  driven 
more  than  ten  or  fifteen  rods   before  a  halt  was  called  Lo  ease  up  on  th( 
Finally,  the  well  dressed  gentleman  Btepped  upon  the  machine,  and  ri 
the  wheat  with  perfect  ease,  compelling  the  spectators  to  reverse  their  some- 
what hastv  decision  and  saw  "Itcan  be  done."     The  well-dresBed  man  proved 


226  HISTORY   OF  CUMBERLAND   COUNTY. 

to  be  Cyrus  H.  McCorrnick,  the  inventor  of  the  American  reaper.  This  little 
episode  marks  the  introduction  of  the  reaper  into  the  Cumberland  Valley,  and 
relieves   ' '  Watts'  folly' '  from  the  odium  which  first  attached  to  it. 

Similar  difficulties  attended  the  introduction  of  the  left-handed,  steel 
mold-board  plow.  Farmers  had  been  accustomed  to  use  a  right-handed, 
wooden  mold-board  implement,  clumsy  and  burdensome,  and  were  loth  to 
make  a  change.  Repeated  trials,  however,  brought  the  better  class  of  imple- 
ments into  favor,  and  thus  introduced  a  higher  order  of  agriculture  into  tbe 
county. 

The  County  Agricultural  Society,  an  account  of  which  is  given  below,  was 
the  legitimate  outgrowth  of  these  public  exhibitions.  Judge  Frederick  Watts 
was  its  founder,  and  for  many  long  years  its  president  and  chief  patron.  What- 
ever of  good  it  has  accomplished  for  the  farming  interests  of  the  county  may 
be  ascribed  largely  to  the  efficiency  which  he  imparted  to  its  management. 

CUMBERLAND    COUNTY    AGRICULTURAL    SOCIETY. 

This  society  was  organized  in  1854,  through  the  instrumentality  of  Judge 
Watts.  It  has  been  a  well  managed  and  prosperous  institution  from  its 
first  existence  to  the  present,  holding  its  annual  meetings  (the  only  failures  in 
this  respect  being  one  or  two  years  during  the  late  war),  and  the  interest  and 
good  influences  that  have  marked  its  career  are  plainly  evidenced  all  over  the 
county. 

The  society  purchased  the  first  lot  of  ground,  containing  six  acres  and  six 
perches,  August,  1855,  and  have  at  different  times  made  additional  purchases, 
until  they  now  have  enclosed  and  in  a  high  state  of  improvement  twenty-two 
acres,  a  fine  half-mile  driving  track,  amphitheater,  boarding  houses,  halls, 
booths,  pens  and  all  other  necessary  buildings  of  a  substantial  and  commodious 
kind  are  on  the  grounds.  In  short,  everything  necessary  to  conduct  a  first- 
class  county  fair  has  been  prepared  in  an  unstinted  manner. 

There  are  200  life  members,  and  the  directors  run  the  institute  in  a  liberal 
and  generous  spirit,  paying  out  on  an  average,  each  year,  in  premiums,  from 
$2,000  to  $2,500. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  officers  of  the  society: 

First  corps  of  officers:  President,  Frederick  Watts;  vice-presidents,  And.  Fra- 
sier,  Skiles  Woodburn,  Daniel  Coble,  Geo.  H.  Bucher,  Thos.  Bradley,  W.  M. 
Henderson;  secretary,  Richard  Parker ;  treasurer,  Geo.  W.  Stouffer ;  man- 
agers, Chas.  Tetzel,  Samuel  Myers,  Robert  Laird.  Geo.  Brindle,  John  Paul, 
Jos.  Culver,  Wm.  Schriver,  Robert  Bryan  and  Robert  G.  Young. 

1855 — President,  Geo.  H.  Bucher  ;  secretary,  Robert  Moore ;  treasurer, 
George  W.  Sheaffer. 

1856 — President,  Thomas  Paxton;  secretary,  Robert  Moore;  treasurer, 
Geo.  W.  Sheaffer. 

1857 — President,  Thomas  Galbraith;  secretary,  Robert  Moore;  treasurer, 
Geo.  W.  Sheaffer. 

1858  to  1866  (inclusive)— President,  F.  Watts;  secretary,  D.  S.  Croft, 
treasurer,  Geo.  W.  Sheaffer. 

1867 — President,  Thomas  Lee;  secretary,  W.  F.  Sadler;  treasurer,  Henry 
Saxton. 

1868— Same  as  1867. 

1869— President,  John  Stuart;  secretary,  John  Hays;  treasurer,  Ephraim 
Cornman. 

1870 — President,  F.  Watts;  secretary,  Lewis  F.  Lyne;  treasurer,  Henry 
Saxton. 


BISTOBT   OF  CUMBERI  .WD   C01  NT1 


227 


1871  Same  aa  1870.  „      .   _  _ 

1872  President,  Oharlea  H.  REller;   secretary,  Lewis  P.  Lyne;   treaaurer, 

'"", ;-.j 'JX'  i'ss,;     The   li  officers  have  held  their  positions  oontin- 

oously,  ex(  !l'"11  '"  lss--  and  was  s'"v""'1''11  '»  1S83  b^ 

tli.-  present  I  Ibahna  P.  Bixler. 

qbamokb's  licNii-  exhibition.  Williams'  obovb. 
From  the  smallest  beginnings  in  1873,  this  hs  National  in- 

Btitntion.     A  tew  individnals,  farmers  mostly,  were  led  bo  give  this  beneficent 

institution  their  favorable  attention  by  the  effort*  ol    Mr.  B   H     I  h as   pro- 

nrietor  Of  the  Former's  Friend  awl  (imtuje  A,irocat<:  o ;  Meehan.esburg. 
Thirteen  years  ago  the  Patrons  or  Husbandry  selected  \\  ilhams  Grove  as  a 
Dlaoe  for  holding  social  rennions,  and  held  snccessfnl  meetings  at    Ins  point 

Then  others  siw  the  possibilities  thai  might  I iade  to  ahape  and  grow  out 

of  th meetings;  and  with  a  view  of  bringing  the  farmer  and  manufacturer 

in  closer  relationship,  the  picnic  of  1874  was  appointed,  and  the  manufacturers 
of  the  country  were  invited  to  bring  the  work  of  their  shops  and  nulls,  and,  with 
the  farmers,  side  by  side  to  display  the  products  of  the  farm  and  factory 
The  ll(Mrill,;  .  was  small,  because  as  wise  as  was  its  purposes  it 

had  to  be  advertised  to  the  country.  But  it  told  its  own  story,  its  fame  rap- 
idly  extended  throughout  all  the  Stat,-,,  and  soon  it  reached  proportions  that 
mav  be  called  National.  In  1885,  without  entering  into  dry  details,  there  were 
over  800  car  loads  of  agricultural  implements  and  ma<muiery  displayed  upon 
the  grounds,  and  the  p-ple  in  attendance  estimated  at  L50.000.  Farmers 
were  present  from  twenty-nine  States  of  the  Union,  and  the  manufacturerahad 
quite  as  extended  a  represents  ion.  Goods  sold  upon  the  grounds,  and  orders 
taken  aggregated  over  $31 II  1,0  H  I,  and  over  $1,000,000  worth  of  machinery  was 

11  R  H  Thomas,  general  manager,  Mechanicsburg,  oponed  the  fair  of  1886, 
on  Monday  August  30,  with  an  unprecedented  attendance  and  the  widening 
interest  evidently  increasing  and  extending. 

The  grounds  occupied  are  called  the  Williams'  Grove  picnic  grounds. 
There  are  forty  acres  in  the  inclosure.  Thee  are  Leased  by  the  picnic  exhibition 
management ;  a  co-lease  is  held  by  the  D.  &  .M.  Railroad,  andfrequently  the  place 
under"  their  management  is  used  as  picnic  grounds.  Two  amphitheaters  a 
National  Gran-e  Hall,  a  two  stun  hotel,  and  quite  a  number  of  smaller  build- 
ings used  bj  exhibitors  and  riaitors.  Williams'  Grove  is  on  an  island  in  the 
Jellow  Breeches  Creek,  on  the  D.  A.  M.  Railroad,  thirteen  miles  southwest  of 
Harrisburg  The  constant  a.ldition  of  new  improvements  and  spacious  build- 
ings etc.  ."make  this  the  moai  elegant  grounda  in  the  country  far  them  pur- 
poses, and  the  spot  is  surpassingly  beautiful  and  inviting.  One  admirable  and 
attractive  feature  of  this  inter  State  exhibition  is  that  it  ib  a  free  show-no 
admittance  charge,  and  back  of  it  are  no  grasping  board  of  directors  or  stock- 
holders eager  onlv  to  make  money.  It  is  run  at  a  minimum  of  expense,  and 
this  is  collected  by  a  small  fee  from  exhibitors,  the  booths  and  stands  really 
paying  the  larger  part  of  the  expenses.  Several  of  the  large  manufacturers 
are  now  about  erecting  permanent  and  Bpacious  buildings  upon  the  grounds 
and  still  others  are  soon  to  follow  this  good  example.  A  twenty  acre  field 
(wheat  stubble)  adjoining  the  grove  has  now  been  secured  for  trials  of  plows, 
harrows,  rollers,  drills,  etc. 

The  inter  State  picnic  institution   is  unique  in  its  arrangement,  having  no 
predecessor,  and  its  success  phenomenal.     Away  from  the  great  oifaea,  in  the 


228  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

cool  and  grateful  shades  of  the  groves,  in  the  quiet  retreat  of  the  rich  and 
beautiful  Cumberland  Valley,  here  the  real  farmer  and  actual  manufacturer 
meet  and  learn  to  know  and  appreciate  each  other,  and  certainly  it  is  the  be- 
ginning, already  vast  and  extended  in  its  proportions,  of  a  happy  fraternizing 
and  of  mutual  benefits  to  these  two  most  important  classes  of  men  in  our 
Nation. 


CHAPTER  XV. 

THE  FORMATION  OF  TOWNSHIPS. 

THE  Cumberland  (then  known  as  the  North)  Valley  was  first  divided  into 
the  townships  of  Pennsborough  and  Hopewell.  This  was  in  1735,  years 
before  the  formation  of  the  county,  which  was  then  a  portion  of  Lancaster.  At 
this  time  the  Indian  title  to  the  lands  had  not  yet  been  extinguished,  for  it  was 
in  October  of  the  following  year  that  the  Penns  finally  purchased  their  title. 
White  settlers,  by  permission  of  the  Indians,  had  come  into  the  valley  about 
the  year  1730,  but  they  were  few  in  number,  and  Cumberland  County  was  not 
formed  until  fifteen  years  after  the  formation  of  these  two  townships. 

The  First  Proprietary  Manor.  —A  small  portion  in  the  lower  part  of  the 
North  Valley,  and  which  was  afterward  a  portion  of  Pennsborough  Township, 
•was  surveyed  at  a  still  earlier  period  (1732)  into  a  "  Proprietary  Manor  on 
Conodoguinette, "  the  more  effectually  to  keep  off  white  settlers  as  opposed  to 
the  rights  of  the  Indians,  which  had  not  yet  been  satisfactorily  purchased. 
This  manor  was  also  called  "  Pastang "  or  "  Paxton  Manor,"  and  after  the 
formation  of  Cumberland  County  "Louther  Manor,"  in  compliment  to  a  noble- 
man of  that  name  who  had  married  a  sister  of  William  Penn. 

About  sixty  families  of  the  Shawanese  Indians,  who  had  come  from  the 
south,  settled  there  about  1698,  by  permission  of  the  Susquehanna  Indians,  to 
which  the  first  proprietory,  William  Penn,  afterward  agreed.  In  1753,  com- 
plaint is  made  ' '  that  they  had  not  been  paid  for  the  lands,  part  of  which  had 
been  surveyed  into  the  Proprietory  Manor  on  Conodoguinette. ' ' 

This  manor  embraced  all  of  what  is  now  East  Pennsborough,  Lower  Allen, 
and  a  corner  of  Hampden  Townships.  In  other  words,  it  was  bounded  on  the 
east  by  the  Susquehanna  River,  opposite  John  Harris'  ferry,  and  included  all 
the  land  lying  between  the  Conodoguinet  and  Yellow  Breeches  Creeks,  past 
the  Stone  Church  or  Frieden's  Kirche,  and  immediately  below  Shiremanstown. 
It  was  surveyed  by  John  Armstrong  in  1 765,  and  by  John  Lukens,  Esq. ,  sur- 
veyor-general under  the  Provincial  Government,  in  1767,  at  which  time  it  was 
reported  to  contain  7,551  acres. 

The  two  original  townships,  we  have  seen,  were  Pennsborough  and  Hope- 
well. Pennsborough,  which  lay  on  the  east,  at  its  formation  included  the 
whole  of  the  territory  which  is  now  embraced  in  Cumberland  County.  Hope- 
well, which  lay  on  the  west,  included  most  of  the  land  which  is  now  embraced 
in  Franklin.  Six  years  later  (1741)  the  township  of  Hopewell  was  divided,  and 
the  western  division  was  called  Antrim,  after  the  county  in  Ireland.  This  ter- 
ritory afterward  became  a  portion  or  nearly  the  whole  of  what  is  now  included 
in  Franklin  County. 

Soon  after  the  formation  of  Pennsborough  Township,  portions  of  it  began 
to  be  called  North  and  South,  East  and  West  Pennsborough,  and  in  1715,  ten 


BOROUGH  OF    CARLISLE.  229 

yean  after  it-  formation,  and  five  yean  before  the  formation  of  the  county,  it. 
seems  to  have  been  definitely  divided  into  Easl  and  Weel   Pennsborough.     La 

the  years  which  have  elapsed  many  townships  have  l formed,  bo  thai  now 

one  portion  of  this  original  township  dee  wed  of  the  center,  and  the  other  at 
the  northeastern  extremity  of  the  county,  separated  by  the  man]    intervening 

townships  which  have  I o  formed  from  them. 

One  other  township,  Middleton,  also  originally  part  of  Pennsborough,  was 
ju-t  before  or  coincident  in  its  birth  with  the  formation  of  Cumberland  County, 
so  that  when  the  count]  was  formed,  it-  map,  including  only  thai  portioD  of  it 
which  was  known  by  the  nam.'  of  "North  Valley,"  would  have  embraced 
East  and  West  Pennsborough,  Bopewell,  Antrim  and  Middleton  Townships. 
That  is  the  map  of  this  portion  of  Cumberland  County  at   its  formation  in 

The  date  of  the  formation  of  the  bum ling  townships  is  as  follows:  Allen, 

1.766;  Newton,  L767;  Southampton,  1783;  Shippensburg,  1784;  Dickinson, 
1785;  Silvers'  Spring,  17s7:  Frankford,  1795;  Mifflin,  1797;  North  and  South 
Middleton,  1810;  Monroe,  L825;  Newville,  1828;  Eampden,  1845;  Upper  and 
Lower  Allen,   1849;  Middlesex,  1859;  Penn,  L859;  Cook,  1872. 

The  organization  of  boroughs  was  as  follows:  Carlisle,  1782;  Newville, 
1817;  Shippensburg,  1819;  Mechanicsburg,  1828;  New  Cumberland,  1831; 
Newburg,  L861;  Mount  Holly  Springs,  1873;  Shiremanstown,  1874;  Camp 
Hill,  1885. 


CHAPTEE  XVI. 

BOROUGH   OF    CARLISLE. 


I  re  In'  i  ption— snsvKY— First  Things— Mketing  op  Capth  i  -  Ri  volution- 
art  Period  War  of  1812  Growth  oi  the  Town,  Etc.— The  Borough 
in  18  n;  McOlintoge  Riot  War  oi  the  Rebellion— Situation,  Pi  bli< 
Buildings,  Etc.— Churi  in  -  -Ci  kei  betes  -  S< s,  [nstiti  tes  \m>  Col- 
lege—Newspapers— Manutacturing  Estarlishments,  Etc.  Gas  and 
W  \n:i:  Compans     SociETrES— Conclusion. 

Till;  town  of  Carlisle  was  laid  out  in  pursuance  of  a  letter  construction 
issued  b)  the  proprietaxj  governmentto  Nicholas  Scull  in  1751.  Witii 
the  exception  of  Shippensburg  and  York,  it  is  the  oldest  town  in  Pennsylvania 
west  of  the  Susquehanna  River.  It  derives  its  nam.'  from  Carlisle,  in  the 
count]  of  Cumberland,  in  England  That  Carlisle,  near  the  border  of  Scot 
land,  is  the  prototype  of  this.  Like  it.  it  is  built  with  rectangular  streets, 
from  a  and  is  situated   between  two  parallel  ranges  of  lofty 

hills,  which  inclose  the  valley,  watered  by  the  Eden   and  the  Calder,  where  it 
But,  although  the  town  of  Carlisle  was  laid  out  according  to  the  in- 
structions of  the  commissioners  as  early  as  1751,  there  were,  of  course,  earlier 

settler-      Oi I  these  was  .lames  ],e  T. .it.  a  French  Swiss,  who  was 

dian  interpreter,  and  who  erected  and  lived  in  a  log  cabin,  probably  as  early 
as  1720,  at  the  head  of  the  stream  which  hears  his  name,  and  which  floWB 
through  the  eastern  portion  of  the  town.     At  Borne  unknown  period,  also,  be 

•Carlisle,  in  England,  was  originally  a  Roman  aution,  and  its  name  is  often  used  in  the  early  border  bal- 


230  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

fore  the  founding  of  Carlisle,  the  Colonial  Government  had  erected  a  stockade 
fort,  occupying  ' '  two  acres  of  ground  square,  with  a  block-house  in  each  cor- 
ner, ' '  which,  two  years  after  the  town  of  Carlisle  was  laid  out,  had  become  a 
ruin,  and  given  place  to  another  of  curious  construction  within  the  precincts 
of  the  town,  which  was  known  as  Fort  Louther.  It  had  loop-holes  and  swivel 
guns,  and  two  years  after  (1755)  a  force  of  fifty  men.  It  rendered  important 
aid  in  defense  of  the  earlier  settlers  against  the  Indians,  whose  savage  cruel- 
ties and  bloody  massacres  form  such  a  striking  feature  in  the  early  history  of 
the  Kittatinny  Valley. 

The  first  letter  of  instructions  for  a  survey  of  the  town  was  issued  by  Gov. 
Hamilton  April  1,  1751.  It  was  again  surveyed  by  Col.,  afterward  GeD. 
John  Armstrong  in  1762.  When  the  town  was  first  located  it  extended 
no  further  than  the  present  North,  South,  East  and  West  Streets,  all  the  other 
part  now  within  the  borough  being  known  as  commons.  The  courts  of  justice 
were  first  held,  for  one  year,  at  Shippensburg,  but  in  the  succeeding  year, 
after  the  formation  of  the  county,  they  were  removed  to  Carlisle.  Thus,  just 
twenty-five  years  before  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  before  the  imbecile 
King,  George  III,  whose  stubborn  policy  provoked  the  colonies  to  assert  their 
rights,  had  yet  ascended  the  throne  of  England,  Carlisle  was  founded,  in  the 
reign  of  George  II,  as  the  county  seat. 

The  first  tax  upon  the  citizens  of  Carlisle,  of  which  we  have  any  record, 
was  laid  in  December,  1752,  and  amounted  to  £25  9s  6d. 

A  very  pretty  pen  picture  of  the  infant  town  of  Carlisle  in  the  summer 
of  1753  is  as  follows.  It  was  written  to  Gov.  Hamilton  by  John  O'Neal, 
who  had  been  sent  to  repair  the  fortifications,  and  is  dated  the  27th  of  May, 
1753.  " 

"  The  Garrison  here  consists  only  of  twelve  men.  The  stockade  originally 
occupied  two  acres  of  ground  square,  with  a  block  house  in  each  corner. 
These  buildings  are  now  in  ruin.  Carlisle  has  been  recently  laid  out  and  is 
the  established  seat  of  justice.  It  is  the  general  opinion  that  a  number  of  log 
cabins  will  be  erected  during  the  ensuing  summer.  The  nmber  of  dwelling 
houses  is  five.  The  court  is  at  present  held  in  a  temporary  log  building,  on 
the  northeast  corner  of  the  centre  square.  If  the  lots  were  clear  of  brush 
wood  it  would  give  a  different  aspect  to  the  town.  The  situation,  however,  is 
handsome,  in  the  centre  of  a  valley  with  a  mountain  bounding  it  on  the  North 
and  South  at  a  distance  of  seven  miles.  The  wood  consists  principally  of 
oaks  and  hickory.  The  limestone  will  be  of  great  advantage  to  the  future  set- 
lers,  being  in  abundance.  A  lime  kiln  stands  on  the  centre  square,  near  what 
is  called  the  deep  quarry,  from  which  is  obtained  good  building  stone.  A 
large  stream  of  water  runs  above  two  miles  from  the  village,  which  may  at  a 
future  period  be  rendered  navigable.  A  fine  spring  runs  to  the  east,  called 
Le  Tort,  after  the  Indian  interpreter  who  settled  on  its  head  about  the  year 
1720.  The  Indian  wigwams  in  the  vicinity  of  Great  Beaver  Pond  are  to  me 
an  object  of  particular  curiosity.  A  large  number  of  the  Delawares,  Shaw- 
anese  and  Tuscaroras  continue  in  this  vicinity;  the  greater  number  have  gone 
to  the  west."  In  October  of  this  year,  1753,  a  treaty  was  held  at  Carlisle  be- 
tween Benjamin  Franklin  and  the  other  commissioners,  and  the  chiefs  of  the 
Six  Nations  and  their  allies  of  other  Western  tribes.  The  party  of  chiefs  sat 
upon  the  floor  of  the  court  house,  smoking,  as  was  the  custom,  during  the 
entire  treaty.  Conrad  Weiser  and  Andrew  Montour  were  interpreters.  One 
complaint  was  that  in  exchange  for  their  lands  the  white  man  had  given  them 
nothing  but  rum,  and  indictments  at  about  this  period  are  to  be  found  in  the 
old  records  of  the  court   ' '  for  illegal  sale  of  liquor  to  the  Indians  who  live 


BOROUGH  OF  C  IBJ  181  B. 


281 


outside  of  the  inhabited   portion   of  thia  province.        *  In  passing,   we   may 
mention  thai  the  whipping  post  and  the  pillorj   erected  in  1754  were  then  and 

afterward  the  usual  methods  of  punishment,  and  -1  at   thej    stood  .., 

portion  of  the  Pnblio  Sqnare  upon  which  the  Episcopal  Church   now   b1 

ade  forte  which  we  have  mentioned,  there  werealao,  some 
what  Later(about   L757),  breaatworka  or  intrenchmente  erected  northeasl  of  the 
tow,,  in  Col.  Stanwix,  and  inthia  yearalsothe  first  weeklj    posl  was  -Mai. 
Liflhed  between  Philadelphia,  then  the  largest  citj  in  the  country,  and  (  arlisle, 
the  better  to  enable  bis  bonor  the  Governor  and  the  Assemblj  to  communicate 
with  In-  majesty's  subjects  on  the  Erontier.     In  the  bistorj  of  the  Indian  ware 
at   this   period  Carlisle  holda  a  oonspicuoua   place.     In  the  autumn  ol  L7o& 
particularly,  the  oitizena  were  much  alarmed  in  consequence  of  oumeroua  mas 
aacres  by  the  Indians.    The  defeat  of  Gen    Braddock  at  Fort  DuQuesne  in  tins 
left  the  whole  western   frontier  defenseless.      In  .Inly  of  this  year  Gov. 

"Morn-   who  had  succeeded  Got.  Hamili under  whose  instructions  the  town 

wae  laid  out)  came  to  Carlisle  for  the  purpose  of  sending  supplies  to  Gen. 

Braddock,  and  to  e, orage  the  | pie  in  the  midst  of  their  panic,  and  it  was 

while  h.»  was  there  that  ho  received  the  first  tidings  of  the  disastrous  battle.  It 
was  then  that  Col.  John  Armstrong,  of  Carlisle  (afterward  a  general  in  toe 
Revolutionary  Armv  and  a  friend  of  Gen.  Washington)  decided to  take  the 

a -eseive  and  to  attack  the  enemy  in  their  own  stronghold.     It  fell  to  the  lot 

ofthe  infant  town  of  Carlisle  then  onlj  five  yeara  old— to  turn  the  fade  and 
to -tax  thecurrent  which  threatened  to  Bweep  everything  away.  Col.  Ann 
'-  with  a  party  of  280  resolute  men,  started  from  that  place,  and  byarapid 
march  of  somo  -jo.')  miles,  over  Lofty  and  rugged  mountains,  discovered  and 
destroyed  the  savages  in  their  aesi  at  Kittanning.  For  this  gallant  service 
medals  and  presenta  were  rated  to  Col.  Armstrong  and  his  officers  by  the  cor- 

p  rati f  Philadelphia.     The  destruction  of  Ifcttanning  by  Col.  Armstrong 

was  in  September.  1756.  ,_  . 

Another  [ndiai mod  was  held  at  Carlisle  on  the  13th,  15th,  16th,  17th 

andl9thof  January,  L756,  preceding,  the  Endian  catastrophe  at   Kittannmg, 
at   which  woro  pn-Vnt    lion.  li.    II.  M-ms,  lioutonant  governor,  Gov.  James 
Hamilton  and  several  other  commissioners.    It  was  held  to  arrive  at  an  under 
standing  aa  to  theaction  of  the  Shawano.,,  and  Delawares,  who  had  been  under 
the  oontrol  of  the  Six  Nations,  but  who  had  joined  the  French.     At  this  meet 
ing   where  many  belts  of  wampum,  etc.,  as  was  the  custom,  were  exchanged, 
Conrad  Weiser  and  George  Croghan  were  interpreters.      In   Way  ol  the  sue 
Line    year   (1757)  a  number  of  Cherokee  warriors,   who  had  come  from 
tteSouth,  came  to  Carlisle  to  aid  the  English   against   the  French  and  their 
eavao-o  allies.     At  .hi-  time  it  was  often  neeessarj  that  the  farmers  Bhould  be 
protected  during  the  harvest,  in  order  that   they  mighl    gather  their  gram. 
Aumi-t  20    1750!  Col.  Armstrong  writes:  "Lyttleton,  Shippensburg  and  <  ar 
lisle  (the  la-t  two  not  finished)  arc  the  only  fort-,  now  built,  that  will,   in  my 
opinion  ho  aerviceable  to  the  public.     The  duties  of  the  harvest  have  uol   per 
mittod  me  to  finish  Carlisle  Fort  with  the  soldiers;    it   should  ho  done,  other 
wiso  the  Boldiers  can  not  ho  bo  well  governed^ and  may  bo  absent,  or  without 
(he  gates,  at  a  time  of  the  greatest  necessity." 

is  time  (June  30,  1757)  Col.  Stenwix  had  begun  and  was  continuing  to 
build  hi-  entrenchment-  on  the  "northeast   part  of  this  town  and  jus!  ad 
ing  it"     In  a  letter  headed  ■•Cain],,  near  Carlisle,  July  25,  1757,     newi 

]  ,  work  at  my  entrenchments,  but  as  I  send  out  Buch  large  and  frequent 

parties,  with  other  necessary  duties,  lean  only  spare  about    seventy  working 

•  II..-  .    -.aiuouiilcd  to  £MU" 


232  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

men  a  day,  and  these  have  been  very  often  interrupted  by  frequent  violent 
gusts,  so  that  we  make  but  a  small  figure  yet,  and  the  first  month  was  entirely 
taken  up  in  clearing  the  ground,  which  was  all  full  of  monstrous  stumps,  etc." 

From  these  brief  pictures,  thus  painted  by  contemporaries,  we  may  form 
some  idea  of  Carlisle  at  this  early  date.  Le  Tort's  lonely  cabin  on  the  stream, 
if  it  still  remained;  the  stockade  fort  which  had  given  place  to  the  one  which, 
was  in  ruins;  the  grass-grown  streets;  the  number  of  dwelling  houses  (four 
years  before)  only  five;  the  temporary  log  court  house  on  the  northeast  corner 
of  the  center  square;  the  entrenchments  near  the  town;  the  Indian  wigwams 
which  were  an v  object  of  particular  curiosity;  the  "monstrous  stumps" 
which  told  of  the  primeval  forest  which  was  for  the  first  time  felled  by  the 
hand  of  man — all  point  to  a  period  recent  in  history,  but  fabulous,  seemingly, 
already,  and  as  strange  as  can  be  found. 

In  1760  considerable  excitement  was  caused  by  the  murder  of  a  friendly 
Delaware  Indian,  Dr.  John  and  family,  who  had  moved  to  Cumberland  County 
in  the  winter  of  that  year  and  lived  in  a  log  cabin  on  the  Conodoguinet  Creek, 
near  Carlisle.  News  was  immediately  sent  to  Gov.  Hamilton,  and  a  reward  of 
£100  was  offered  for  the  apprehension  of  the  parties  concerned.  The  excite- 
ment was  intense,  for  it  was  feared  that  the  Indians  might  seek  to  revenge  the 
murder  upon  the  settlers. 

Another  panic  occurred  about  two  years  afterward.  At  noon,  on  the  4th  of 
July,  1763,  one  of  a  party  of  horsemen  rode  rapidly  into  the  town,  and  told  of 
the  capture  of  Presque  Isle,  Le  Bceuf,  and  Venango  by  the  French  and  In- 
dians. The  greatest  alarm  spread  among  the  citizens  of  the  town  and  neigh- 
boring country.  The  roads  were  crowded  in  a  little  while  with  women  and 
children  hastening  to  Lancaster  for  safety.  The  pastor  of  the  Episcopal 
Church  headed  his  congregation,  encouraging  them  on  the  way.  Some  retired 
to  the  breastworks.  Col.  Bouquet  writes,  asking  aid  from  the  people  of  York 
in  building  a  post  here,  on  the  plea  that  they  were  protected  by  Cumberland. 
Truly  these  were  stirring  times.  The  seed  was  sown  and  the  harvest  reaped 
under  the  fear  of  the  tomahawk  and  rifle.  The  early  history  of  Cumberland 
County  is  fraught  with  items  of  the  deepest  interest  to  all  who  hold  in  grate- 
ful remembrance  the  trials  and  dangers  of  the  first  settlers  of  this  beautiful 
portion  of  our-  State. 

We  are  now  at  about  the  close  of  the  Indian  war,  but  from  the  formation  of 
Carlisle  down  until  this  period  (1764),  there  was  continued  danger  and  depre- 
dations throughout  the  valley. 

THE  MEETING  OF  CAPTIVES. 

In  August  of  this  year,  Col.  Bouquet,  two  regiments  of  royal  troops,  and 
one  thousand  provincials  assembled  at  Carlisle.  The  Indians,  who  by  this 
time  had  been  thoroughily  conquered,  we're  compelled  to  bring  back  all  pris- 
oners whom  they  had  captured.  The  incidents  of  the  meeting  of  relatives 
who  had  been  separated  for  year,  which  occurred  upon  the  Public  Square,  has 
been  graphically  told.  Some  had  forgotten  their  native  tongue.  Some  had 
married  with  their  captors,  had  grown  to  love  their  bondage,  and  refused  to 
leave  their  lords.  One  German  mother  recognized  her  long  lost  child  by  sing- 
ing to  her  the  familiar  hymn  "Alone,  yet  not  alone  am  1,  Though  in  this  soli- 
tude so  drear,"  which  she  had  sung  to  it  in  childhood.  This  incident  happened 
December  31,  1764.      (HallLsche  Nacht,  1033.)* 

One  of   the  most  vivid  panoramic  pictures   might  be   drawn  of    a  scene 

*Col.  Bouquet  ha<l  advertised  fur  those  who  had  lost  children  to  come  to  Carlisle,  "and  look  for  them."  Sup. 
Rupp's  Hist.  4u2;  which  accounts,  wesuppose,  tor  seeming  discrepancy  of  dates. 


I 


'  ■ 


f(^y>^j£j(^c^J^eyt 


B0B01  OH  OP  CARLISLE,  285 

which  happened  before  the  old  jail  in  Oarliale,  al  abonl  10  o'olook  on  Friday 
morning,  the  29th  of  January,  1768,  when  a  large  body  of  men,  some  of  whom 
were  armed  with  rifles  and  others  with  tomahawks,  endeavored  against  the 
earnest  protests  of  OoL  John  Armstrong,  Re^  John  Steel,  Robt.  Miller,  Will- 
iam Lyon  and  John  Holmes,  the  sheriff,  bo  resone  two  prisoners,  Frederick 
Stomp  and  Hans  Bisenhauer  (known  as  "  Cronoutter"),  who  were  confessedly 
guilty  of  the  brutal  murder  of  several  [ndian  families,  from  the  jail,  in  order 
thai  theprisoners  might  not  besenl  for  trial  to  Philadelphia;  in  which  attempt 
at  rescue  the  mob  succeeded,  much  to  the  regret  and  alarm  of  the  government, 
which  was  afraid  it  would  awaken  an  outbreak  of  Indian  retaliation. 

i  I  TIONARY     !■!   I 

We  approach  the  period  of  the    Revolution.     The  encroachments  of  the 

Crown  upon  the  rights  of  the  colonists  found  read]  resentment  from  the  hardy 
settlers  of  this  frontier.  In  .Inly,  1774,  at  a  public  meeting  in  Carlisle,  resolu- 
tions were  adopted  mde ing  the  act  of  the  English  Parliament  in 

closing  the  port  of  Boston,  and  urging  vigorous  remedies  to  correct  the  wrong. 

They  ah  ted  a  general  congress  of  the  colonies;  oon-importati f 

British  goods;  pledged  contributions  for  the  relief  of  Boston;  and  urged  that 
"a  committee  be  immediately  appointed  for  this  county,  to  correspond  with 
the  committee  of  this  province  upon  the  great  objects  of  the  public  atte 

and  to  co-operate  in  every  measur oducing  to  the  general  welfare  of  British 

America."  James  Wilson,  Robert  Magaw.  and  William  Irvine  were  appointed 
deputies  to  n  mu  other   counties  of   the    province.       The  first   was  af 

terward  a  Bigner  of  the  Declaration,  the  second  a  colonel,  and  the  third  a  gen- 
eral in  the  Revolutionary  Army. 

After  the  battle  of  Lexington  prompt  and  energetic  action  was  taken;  men 
were  pledged,  ami  in -Inly  following  Col.  Thompson's  "  battalion  of  riflemen  " 
embraced  the  first  companies  south  of  the  Hud-  s  in  Boston,  and  in 

January.  177'i.  this  command  became  the  "First  Regiment"  of  the  United 
Colonies,  commanded  by  Gen.  <  leorge  Washington.  John  Steel,  the  elder,  and 
his  son  John  Steel,  Jr.,  both  led  companies  from  Carlisle,  the  former  acting 
as  chaplain  and  the  latter  joining  the  army  of  Gen.  Washington  after  he  had 
or — ed  the  Delaware.  In  short,  from  the  beginning  to  the  end  of  the  Revo- 
lution. Carlisle  was  a  central  point  of  patriotic  devotion  and  influence. 

\\  <■  may  mention  that  the  two  most  important  facts  i aected  with  Carlisle 

at  about  this  period  was  the  building  of  the  old  barracks  bj  the  Hessians  cap 
tared  at  Trenton,  in  1777.  and  the  founding  of  Dickinson  College  in  17s:'.. 

year  previous  to  1 1 1 i-  latter  event  (April  13,  1782)  Carlisle   had  been 
incorporated  by  an  act  of  the  Assembly.* 

MaJ.  Andre's  Imprisonment.     The  town,  in  consequence  of  its  being 
on  what  was  then  the  frontier  and  away  from  the  theater  of    war.   was   used   as 
a  place  of  detention  for  military  prisoners,     Maj.  Andre  and  Lieut.  Despardt 
were  confined  here  a  portion  of  their  time  on  parole  of  the  town.     While  here, 
in  1776,  they  occupied  a  stone  house  on  Lot    No.  161,  at  the  corner  of  South 

Hanover  Street  and  Chapel  Alley.       They  were  on  parole  o.    '  IX  miles, 

hut  were  prohibited  from  going  out  of  the  town  except  in  military  dress. 

jh.  Whiskey  Int  In  17'.M  Gen.  Washington,  accompanied  by  Sec 

retary  Hamilton,  rendezvoused  at  Carlisle  with  his  armj  of  l.""11 


•  A  n,-w  charter  wat  \ 

tLieut.  t>.~-pard  was  an  Irish  officer,  afterward  a  rolr.nel      He  Mired  under  Nelson,  and  had  I  high  repute* 

.too  for  rash  brarerr      in-  carried  back  from  A rlca  Drmocraili   sentiments, and  iraa  executed  lortreason 

MluKukhed  h.-r...».  of  thti 
ward  Kit.-.  •  ip  trd  and  '  apt.  Thistle  wood,  and,  with  the  contempt  and  abhorrence  ol  all  men,  they 

died  the  death  of  infanij  aud  guilt."    Bee  Dr.  Wiog'a  History  of  Cumberland  County,  p.  93,  note. 

20 


236  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

teen  pieces  of  artillery,  on  his  way  to  quell  the  whiskey  insurrection.  He  was 
enthusiastically  received.  The  old  court  house  was  illuminated  with  trans- 
parencies, speeches  were  made,  and  troop  of  light-horse  and  a  company  of  in- 
fantry promptly  offered  their  services,  and  marched  to  Fort  Pitt. 

A  Royal  Exile.— In  December,  1797,  Louis  Philippe,  then  twenty-four 
years  of  age,  accompanied  by  his  two  brothers,  the  Duke  of  Montpensier  and 
Count  Beaujolais,  passed  through  Carlisle  on  their  way  to  New  Orleans.  An 
incident  of  their  brief  stay  in  that  place  is  related  in  "  Chambers'  Miscellany." 
They  arrived  at  Carlisle  on  Saturday,  when  the  inhabitants  of  the  neighboring 
country  appeared  to  have  entered  the  town  for  some  purpose  of  business  or 
pleasure,  and  drove  up  to  a  public  house,  near  which  was  a  trough  for  the  re- 
ception of  oats.  The  Duke  of  Montpensier  sat  in  the  wagon,  when  the  horses 
became  frightened  and  ran  away,  upsetting  it  and  his  highness,  who  was 
somewhat  injured.  Getting  back  to  the  tavern  he  there  acted  as  his  own  sur- 
geon, and  performed  the  operation  of  letting  out  some  of  his  royal  blood  in 
the  presence  of  a  number  of  bucolic  admirers,  who,  believing  him  to  be  a 
physician,  proposed  that  he  should  remain  at  Carlisle  and  begin  there  his  pro- 
fessional career.  At  this  time  (1795),  by  the  Universal  Gazetteer,  published  in 
London,  we  find  that  Carlisle  contained  "about  1,500  inhabitants  and  300 
stone  houses,  a  college  and  a  court  house. 

war  of  1812. 
In  the  war  of  1812  four  companies  were  raised  in  Carlisle;  two  of  which, 
the  "Carlisle  Infantry,"  under  Capt.  William  Alexander,  and  a  "Rifle  Com- 
pany, ' '  under  Capt.  George  Hendel,  served  for  a  term  of  six  months  on  the 
northern  frontier.  Another,  the  "Carlisle  Guards,"  under  Capt.  Joseph 
Halbert,  marched  to  Philadelphia,  and  the  fourth,  the  "Patriotic  Blues," 
under  Capt.  Jacob  Squier,  served  for  a  time  in  the  entrenchments  at  Balti- 
more. 

GROWTH    OF    THE    TOWN,    ETC. 

The  town  continued  steadily  to  increase.  Its  population  in  1830  was 
3,708.  Ten  years  later  it  was  4,350,  of  which  2,046  were  white  males,  1,989 
white  females,    138  colored  males,  and  177  colored  females. 

The  common  schools  first  went  into  operation  in  Carlisle  August  15,  1836. 
In  1837  the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad  was  built  through  High  Street,  at 
the  request  of  some,  though  not  without  vigorous  protest  of  other  citizens  of 
the  town;  and  in  the  same  year  the  old  niarket-house,  a  low  wooden  structure 
in  the  form  of  the  letter  L,  laid  out  upon  the  southeast  section  of  the  Public 
Square,  was  also  erected.  It  was  the  third  building  of  the  kind,  and  occu- 
pied the  site  of  the  original  "  deep  quarry"  of  1753,  where  the  present  com- 
modius  brick  structure  now  stands. 

Dr.  Crooks,  in  his  "  Life  of  Rev.  John  McClintock,"  writing  long  after- 
ward, but  thinking  of  these  early  days,  gives  the  following,  somewhat  imagin- 
ative, picture  of  Carlisle  in  1839: 

"The  valley  in  the  midst  of  which  Carlisle  stands  has  often  been  com- 
pared by  the  imaginative  mind  to  the  happy  vale  of  Rasselas.  Encircled 
lovingly  on  either  side  by  the  Blue  Mountain  ridge,  and  enveloped  in  an  at- 
mosphere of  crystal  clearness,  on  which  the  play  of  light  and  shade  produce 
every  hour  some  new  and  stirring  effect,  it  was  in  a  measure  withdrawn  from 
the  tumult  of  the  world.  The  tumult  might  be  heard  in  the  distance,  but 
did  not  come  near  enough  to  disturb  the  calm  of  studious  pursuits." 

"The  town  preserved  the  traditions  of  learned  culture  which  has  dis- 
tinguished it  from  the  beginning  of  the  present  century.       Its  population  was 


BOROUGH  01  CARLISLE  28*3 

not  enterprising;  manufacturing  was  but  little,  if  al  all,  known  to  it  The 
rich  soil  of  the  valley  poured  out  everj  year  abundant  harvests,  andthebor 
ougu  was  a"  more  than  the  center  of  exchange  and  the  market  tor  supplies. 

"The  Bteadj  pace  and  even  pulse  of  agricultural  lif emedhereto  tone 

down  the  feverish  excitement  which  is  the  usual  condition  under  which  Ann  r 
ioan  society  exists. " 

Earlj  on  the  morning  of  Monday,  March  24,  1845,  the  court  house  which 
had  been  erected  originally  npon  iliat  Bquare  in  1765  66,  and  afterward  ex 
tended  in  180  troyed  by  fire.     TheoldbeU,  which  had  been  a  much 

valued  gift  from  the  Penn  family,  gave  forth  its  last  sounds  as  it  struck  the 
hour  of  one,  ere  it  sank  to  silence  in  the  flames  below.  This  Im.11.  it  is  said, 
was  originally  sent  from  England  as  a  present  to  the  Episcopal  Church  or 
Chapel  but  was  used,  by  general  consent,  tor  the  court  house,  on  condition 
that  it  should  be  returned  to  the  church  at  some  future  time. 

THE    BOBOUOB    IN     lslli. 

The  loca1  statistics  of  the  borough,  January  1.  L846,  arc  as  follows :  There 
are 3  printing  offices  and  papers— the  Heraldand  Expositor  (weekly),  edited 
by  Mr.  Beatty,  and  devoted  to  the  cause  of  the  Whigs;  tin'  American  Volun 

lited  by  Mesars.  Boyers  and  Bratton,  Democratic;  the  Pennsylvania 
Statesman,  by  J.  S.  Gitt,  a  Democratic  semi-weekly  paper.  The  first  paper 
established  in  this  county  was  edited  and  published  by  Mr.  Kline  in  L782,  and 
was  called  Kline's  Carlisle  Weekly  Gazette.  There  are  1"  churches,  48  Btores, 
a  number  of  shops,  L  warehouses,  I-  physicians,  3  foundries,  common  schools 
sufficient,  Dickinson  College,  under  the  superintendence  of  the  Methodist  Epis- 
copal Church;  anew  court  bouse,  25  shoe  establishments,  I  hatters,  18  tailors, 
2  chandleries,  '_'  auction  store-.  7  cabinet  makers,  Hi  carpenters.  '2  coach- 
makers.  3  brick-makers,  20  bricklayers  and  masons,  2  bakeries,  5  cake  bakers, 
1  ropewalk,  1  grist  mill,  12  taverns,  3  distilleries,  5  tinners  and  coppersmiths, 

5  tanners,  (3  saddlers.  ." ipers.  'J  li row, Ties,  y  butchers,  6  painters,  3  chair- 

makera,  11  plasterers,  3  dyers,  5  weavers.  2  silver  platers,  I  locksmith.  2  gun 
smiths,  1  lime  burner,   3  wagon-makers,   '■'>  stone  cutters.    14  blacksmiths.   5 
wateh-maker<.  2  barbers,  3 dentists,  I  clock  maker,  3  jewelry  shops.  1  mattrass 
maker.  '.!  threshing-machine  manufactories.  '■'•  board  yards.  3  livery-stables,  2 
bookbinderiee,    2    spinning-wheel    manufactories.    1     brush-maker,    2   pump- 
makers.  .">   gardeners.    1    dairy,    1    stocking  weaver.  'J  9   mantua 
maker-.  6  millmer-.   1  bird-stuffing  establishment,  5  n                    rs,  4  justices 
of  the  peace.  1  "J  male  school  teachers.  5  female  school  teachers,  a  large  market 
house,  15  lawyers,  with  a  sufficient  number  of  physicians,  professors,  and  min 
i-' are  of  the  gospel. 

At  this  time  (1846)  the  appearan< f  Carlisle  was.  as  might  be  expected, 

very  different  from  what  it  is  to  day.  The  present  jail  had  not  been  built,  the 
present  court  house  had  been  erected  that  year;  the  old  open  market  house, 
with  its  low  roof  and  pillars,  -tood  upon  the  square;  the  Episcopal  Church 
Stood  when'  it  now  stands,  but  with  its  gothic  steeple  built  at  its  eastern  ex 
tremity.  and  with  the  Bquare  enclosed  with  iron  chain-,  depending  from  heavy 
To  the  west,  npon  the  other  square,    was,   o  the  venerable 

burch,  but  without  its  modern  tower;  and  beyond,  where  the  house  and 

grounds  of  Mrs,  Robert  Givin  now  are,  the   long,  low  lii f  buildings,  the 

front  one  of   which  was  used   as  a  hotel.       I  hi     pavi nts  were  of  -tone  flags. 

The  railroad,  as  we  have  mentioned,  ran  through  the  street,  but  the  square 
■was  more  open,  and  the  town  had  a  more  rural  and  primitive  app 
in  keeping  with  the  imaginative  picture  we  have  presented  of  it. 


238  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

MCCLINTOCK    RIOT. 

la  June,  1847,  occurred  in  Carlisle  what  is  known  as  the  McClintock  riot. 
It  was  caused  by  the  resistance  made  to  the  capture  of  three  runaway  slaves, 
and  resulted  in  the  death  of  one  of  the  men  who  had  come  for  them,  and  in 
the  trial  of  a  great  number  of  negroes  and  of  Dr.  McClintock,  who  was,  how- 
ever, with  some  of  the  others,  acquitted.  * 

We  have  now  brought  the  history  of  Carlisle  down  to  a  period  within 
the  recollection  of  many  of  its  inhabitants.  It  is  a  history  which  is  full  of  in- 
terest; which  embraces  the  early  Indian  days,  the  "  Provincial"  and  the  "  Rev- 
olutionary" periods,  down  to  the  present;  during  which  time  a  great  govern- 
ment has  been  founded,  and  a  great  nation  has  sprung  into  existence.  To 
preserve  that  nation,  Carlisle  also  did  its  duty. 

WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION. 

During  the  late  war  Cumberland  County  was  prompt  in  furnishing  its  quo- 
ta for  the  defense  of  the  National  Government.  Six  companies  left  Carlisle 
and  participated  bravely  in  a  number  of  the  most  severely  contested  battles  of 
the  war. 

During  a  great  part  of  the  struggle  the  inhabitants  of  the  valley  were  kept 
in  a  state  of  constant  alarm  by  reason  of  frequent  threatened  invasions  of  the 
enemy,  and  stampedes  often  from  an  imaginary  foe.  There  was  almost,  there- 
fore, a  feeling  of  relief  when  the  Confederate  forces  actually  made  their  ap- 
pearance in  the  summer  of  1863. 

The  first  alarm  of  the  approach  of  the  enemy  was  early  in  June,  but  the 
alarm  subsided,  and  scarcely  had  the  people  begun  to  be  lulled  into  a  fatal  se- 
curity, when  the  news  was  received  that  the  entire  Rebel  army  was  advancing 
down  the  valley.  Two  New  York  Regiments,  the  Eighth  and  Seventy-first, 
which  had  been  stationed  at  Shippensburg,  retreated  to  this  place,  and  began 
making  active  preparations  for  defense.  Militia  were  organized,  pickets  were 
thrown  out,  and  rude  breastworks  were  hastily  constructed  about  a  mile  west 
of  the  town.  On  Wednesday,  June  24,  the  home  companies  proceeded  to  the 
scene  of  the  expected  action  on  the  turnpike.  Daring  the  afternoon  the  cav- 
alry pickets  on  the  Shippensburg  road  were  driven  slowly  in,  and  at  evening 
reported  the  enemy  to  be  within  four  miles  of  the  town.  A  scene  of  excite- 
ment ensued,  which  lasted  during  the  following  day.  College  commencement 
was  held  at  an  early  hour  in, the  chapel,  and  the  class  graduated  without  much 
formality,  troops  were  drawn  up  in  the  streets,  and,  altogether,  the  town  wore 
quite  a  military  and  rather  disturbed  aspect.  On  Friday  it  was  more  than 
usually  quiet,  but  on  Saturday  morning  (June  27),  the  cavalry  pickets  fell 
back  through  the  place  and  announced  that  the  enemy  was  at  hand.  It  was 
Jenkins'  cavalry.  They  were  met  by  several  citizens  and  informed  that  the 
town  was  without  troops  and  that  no  resistance  would  be  made.  Accordingly 
they  advanced  and  entered  the  town  quietly  from  the  west,  with  their  horses 
at  a  walk,  but  with  their  guns  in  position  to  be  used  at  a  moment's  warning. 
A  portion  went  to  the  garrison  and  the  rest  came  back  and  stopped  at  the  Mar- 
ket House  Square.  The  hotels  were  filled  with  officers  and  the  streets  with 
soldiers.  A  requisition  for  1,500  rations  was  made  upon  the  town, 
and  was  immediately  supplied  by  the  citizens.  At  5  o'clock  in  the  afternoon 
the  sound  of  music  announced  the  arrival  of  Gen.  Ewell's  corps,  which  came 
by  the  way  of  the  Walnut  Bottom  road,  its  bands  playing  ' '  Dixie  "  as  it 
marched  through  the  streets  of  Carlisle.      They  presented  a  sorry  appearance. 

*A  full  account  of  this  riot  and  the  trial  which  followed  can  be  found  in  Dr.  Crook's  Life  of  Rev.  John 


BOROUGH  OF  CARLISLE 


M  .  i  ,.f  them  were  shoeless  or  batless,  mosi  of  them  were  ragged  and  duty, 

and  all  were  wearied  with  their  long  march,     a  brigad tamped  upon   the 

oollege    grounds  and   othera   al    the    United    States   Garrison;  gnards    were 
1.  and  Btrie)  orders  to  permit  do  violence  or  outrage  L,  and  so 

well  enforced  thai  scarcer)  a  trace  of  occupation  by  a  hostile  force  was  visible 
after  ffieir  departure. 

Upon  the  failureof  the  authorities  to  comply  with  an  extravagant  requiBi 
tiou  (or  supplies,    squads  of  Boldiera,  accompanied    by  an  officer,  were  com- 
manded  to  help  themselves  from  the  stores  and  warehouses.     On  Monday,  29th, 
the  foroeshowed  symptoms  of  retiring,  and  before  the  dawn  of  the  next  day 
tii,»  rumbling  of  the  wagon  train  announced  the  movement  of  the  army. 

About   2  o'clock    in    the    afternoon    (Tuesday,    June  30)   Borne    100  of 

Ool.  I  red  the  town  from  the  Dillsburg  road,  and  were 

riding  wildly  through  the  streets,  ahouting,  screaming  and  acting  like 

madmon.     During  the  night  the  entire  fori f  th mj    left,   after  having 

destroyed  the  railroad  bridge,  and  by    Wednesday  (July  L)  the  town  was  dear 

of  the  last  band  of  rebels,   when,  amid  the  acclamations  of  the  | pie,  the 

Union  troops  entered  with  several  batteries  of  artilli 

The  most  exciting  scene  in  this  little  drama  was  yet  to  come.  At  about 
7  o'clock  in  the  evening  of  this  .lay  (.Inly  1.  L863),  a  large  bodj  of  cavalry 
(under  Gen.  Fitzhugh  Lee)  made  its  appearance  at  the  junction  of  the  Trindle 
gpri  is,  and  at  first  were  supposed  to  be  a  portion  of  our 

forces.  Their  boldness  was  well  calculated  to  produce  Buch  an  impression. 
They  oame  within  -J'>"  yards  of  the  town,  sat  in  their  Baddies,  gazing 
up  the  street  at  the  stacked  arms  of  the  infantry.  After  a  few  shots  had  been 
exchanged,  they  commenced  shellingthe  town.  The  citizens  were  upon  the 
teat  the  time.  The  utmost  alarm  prevailed.  Fur  more  than  half  an 
hour  the  bombardment  was  kept  up.  when  they  begun  raking  the  town  with 
grape.  At  about  dusk  they  ceased  tiring  and  dispatched  a  flag  of  truce  with 
a  demand  for  the  surrender  of  the  town.  This  was  indignantly  refused  The 
bombardment  was  renewed  with  greater  violence  than  before.  The  scene 
which  followed  it  would  be  difficult  to  describe.  Man]  persons  began  fleeing 
from  their  homes.  Borne  to  seek  protection  in  the  open  country,  and  others  to 
find  a  refuge  from  the  shells  in  the  cellars  of  their  dwellings.  At  about  10 
ik  a  great  aheel  of  flam  or  the  sky  in  the  northeast,  and  the  an- 

il,,, fire,  a-        a  award,   could  be  heard  amid  the 

I  fired  the  barracks,  dust  when  the  scene  was 
grandest  the  artillery  ceased,  and.  in  the  silence  which  succeeded,  another  flag 
of  truce  was  sent  into  the  town,  and  another  demand  was  made  for  its  uncon- 
ditional surrender.  This  was  again  refused.  After  shelling  the  town  again, 
more  feeblv.  however,  than  before,  and  destroying,  in  addition  to  tin- barracks, 
the  gas  works  and  some  private  property,  the  Confederate  forces  retired 

Gen.    Fitzhugh  I withdrew  with  his  foi  ght  over  the  mountains, 

and  in  the  afternoon  memorable  •_'  1  of  duly,  the  people  in  Carlisle 

could  hear  the  heavy  thunder  of  the  guns  at  Gettysb 

■  •  light  of  subsequent  events  there  is  no  doubt  that  Carlisle  could  have 
ared,  and  that  the  shelling  of  the  town  was  mi  rl   at 

least  only  to  cover  the  retreal  of  these  Confederate  forces,  who  were  already 
under  the  shadow  of  the  great  catastrophe  which  was  to  follow. 

sin  \  ri<  in,  public  Btnxnnras,  etc. 
The  borough  of  Carlisle  is  situated  in  latitude  I"    12'   north,  longitude  ,  i 
1"    ...■-•.  eighteen  miles  west  of  Earrisburg,  in  the  Cumberland  Valley,  bon 

•At  sunrLit,  Col.  Body'a  canity,  and  half  past  6  o'clock  Gen  Smith,  preceeded  by  three  regtmenU. 


240  HISTORY   OF   CUMBERLAND   COUNTY. 

upon  either  side  by  the  long  ranges  of  the  Blue  or  Kittatinny  Mountains.  The 
town  lies  in  the  midst  of  a  rolling  country  which  is  both  beautiful  and  productive. 
The  borough  is  laid  out  into  wide  and  straight  streets,  rectangular,  well 
macadamized,  and  with  many  trees  which,  particularly  during  the  spring  and 
summer  months,  add  greatly  to  the  beauty  of  the  town,  The  two  principal 
streets,  High  and  Hanover,  are  eighty,  and  all  the  others  sixty,  feet  in  width. 
The  Public  Square  in  the  center  of  the  town,  bisected  by  the  two  principal 
streets,  is  peculiarly  attractive.  It  is  handsomely  laid  out,  ornamented  with 
trees,  and  has  the  court  house,  market-house,  First  Presbyterian  Church  and 
St.  John's  Episcopal  Church  on  its  four  corners. 

A  monument  erected  to  the  memory  and  inscribed  with  the  names  of  the 
officers  and  men  who  fell  during  the  Rebellion,  stands  upon  the  southwestern 
portion  of  the  square.  The  court  house,  also  upon  the  southwest  corner  of 
the  square,  was  erected  in  1846,  the  one  previously  erected  in  1766  and  ex- 
tended in  1802,  to  which  the  cupola,  containing  a  clock,  was  added  in  1809, 
having  been  destroyed  by  fire.  The  present  brick  building  has  a  massive  por- 
tico somewhat  after  the  Greek  style,  supported  by  heavy  white  pillars,  and  is 
surmounted  by  a  cupola  and  clock  for  public  uses.  The  commodious  modern 
brick  market-house,  erected  in  1878,  occupies  the  whole  of  the  southeastern 
section  of  the  square.  The  county  jail,  on  the  corner  of  Main  and  Bedford 
Streets,  is  a  large  and  imposing  brown  stone  structure  with  high  turreted  front 
and  round  tower,  and  which  might  almost  be  mistaken  for  a  Rhenish  castle,  if 
it  stood  on  the  green  slopes  of  that  romantic  river.  It  was  built  in  1854,  on 
the  site  of  the  old  prison,  which  was  erected  just  one  century  before,  and  which 
was  enlarged  in  1790.  The  county  almshouse,  beyond  the  eastern  border  of 
the  town,  is  as  large  and  commodious  establishment,  with  farm  attached.  Be- 
yond it,  looking  toward  the  town,  to  the  right,  and  only  about  half  a  mile  away 
are  the  large  lawns  and  long  lines  of  yellow  buildings,  known  heretofore  as  the 
Carlisle  Barracks.  They  were  built  by  the  Hessians  captured  at  Trenton,  in 
1777.  They  have  been  occupied  by  troops,  cavalry,  artillery  and  infantry,  or 
have  been  used  as  a  recruiting  station  during  most  of  the  time  since  the  Revo- 
lution. They  have  also  been  the  home,  at  different  times,  of  many  of  the  offi- 
cers, both  Union  and  ex-Confederate,  who  were  engaged  in  the  late  war.  On 
the  night  of  July  1,  1863,  they  were  almost  totally  destroyed  by  the  Confeder- 
ate forces  under  Gen.  Fitzhugh  Lee,  but  they  have  since  been  thoroughly  re- 
built, extended  and  beautified,  and  for  the  last  five  years  have  been  used  as  a 
training  school  for  the  education  of  Indians. 

CHURCHES. 

There  are  many  churches  in  Carlisle,  so  that  almost  every  religious  denom- 
ination is  represented  in  the  structures  which  they  have  erected,  in  which  each 
individual  can  worship  God  according  to  his  conscience.  Of  these,  for  its  solid 
architectural  beauty  and  its  age,  the  old  First  Presbyterian  stone  church,  on 
the  northwest  corner  of  the  square,  is  particularly  worthy  of  mention.  Al- 
though built  before  the  Revolution,  two  Presbyterian  Churches  had  preceded 
it.  The  first  church  edifice  erected  in  Carlisle  by  what  was  then  known  as  the 
' '  old  side,  ' '  a  two-story  building,  stood  at  the  northeastern  intersection  of 
Hanover  and  Louther  Streets,  and  was  erected  about  1758 ;  and  the  church 
erected  by  the  "  new  side  "  was  at  the  southwestern  intersection  of  Hanover 
and  Pomfret  Streets,  and  was  probably  erected  about  the  same  time.  Rev. 
John  Steel  was  pastor  of  the  former,  and  George  Duffield,  D.  D. ,  was  ordained 
pastor  of  the  latter  in  1761.  The  next  church  edifice  erected  by  the  old  side 
—which  is  the  present  First  Presbyterian  Church— was  begun  in  1769  and 


ISOKOUGII   Ot  CARLISLE. 


•ill 


probably  finished  in  L772,  al  whidh  bime  Dr.  Duffield  removed  to  Philadelphia, 
and  the  two  congregations  were  afterward,  in   May.  L786,  united,     Theiarge 
additional  stone  tower  was  erected  in  L873,  bui  the  main   bodj   of  the  build 
nth  us  solid  masonry  of  grey  limestone  with   marble  trimmings,  stands 
mi-  first  constructed 
St.  John's  Episcopal   Church,  on  the  northeast  corner  of  the  square,  was 
built  in  1825,  near  the   rite  of  its   predecessor,  erected  about    176o,  and  is  a 
v.tv  neat  andtastefnl  Gothic  building.     The  ohapel  wasadded  in  1885. 

ibyterian  Church,  on  the  southeast  oorner  of  Hanover  and 
Pomfret  Streets,  is  a  fine  speoimen  of  the  usual  modern  gothictype,  and  was 
erected  in  1872,  on  the  Bite  of  the  former  erected  in  1834  (In  1833  a  por- 
tion of  the  Presbyterian  congregation,  1>\  reason  of  a  doctrinal  dispute,  or- 
ganized themselves  mto  a  separate  oong  1  worshipedin  the  county 
hall  till  1834, when  their  first  church  was  built.) 

Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  -After  the  Revolution  the  Methodists  mot  m 
the  market  place,  then  in  the  court  house,  and  subsequently  in  a  small  frame 
building  on  Pomfret  Street,  in  which  place  they  formed  a  small  class  in  1 792-93. 
\  fexv  years  afterward,  in  1802,  they  built  a  small  stone  house  on  Lot  61,  at 
the  corner  of  Pitt  Street  and  Church  Alley,  which  was  followed  in  1815  by 
a  more  commodious  building  on  Church  Alley;  and  this,  in  turn,  gave  way  to 
another  of  still  larger  proportions  on  the  corner  of  Pitt  and  High  Streets, 
•where  the  present  church  now  stands.  This  was  taken  down  in  1876,  and  the 
present  Centennial  Church  erected.  In  1854  a  portion  of  the  members  with- 
drew and  after  worshiping  for  a  time  in  the  chapel  of  Dickinson  College, 
erected  the  church  edifice  known  as  Bmorj  Chapel,  which,  after  the  reunion 
of  the  congregations,  wasusedaBthe  preparatory  departmentof  the  college. 
English  Lutheran.—  The  German  Reformed  and  Lutheran  congregations 
worshiped  on  alternate  Sabbaths  in  the  same  church  (which  stood  upon  the 
present  German  Reformed  burving-ground)  until  1807,  when  each  congrega- 
tion erected  a  house  of  worship  for  its  own  use.  The  Lutherans  built  theirs 
near  the  corner  of  Louther  and  Bedford  Street-,  but  it  was  burned  down  in 
the  destructive  fire  of  March,  1851.*  It  was  immediately  rebuilt.  It  is  their 
present  place  of  worship.  _ 

The  German  Reformed  Church  (built  in  1  si  >7)  was  located  on  the  lot  afterward 
used  as  a  preparatory  school  building  of  Dickinson  College.  Having  sold  it, 
they  built,  in  1827,  a  church  at  the  corner  of  High  and  Pitt  Street-,  winch 
they  afterward  sold  to  the  Methodist  Episcopal  congregation,  and.  in  ISoO, 
erected  the  one  which  they  now  occupy  on  Louther  Street.  During  the  year 
L866  they  remodeled  the  church,  greatly  enlarged  the  building,  which  they 
lounted  with  a  spire  127  feet  in  height.  The  style  is  gothic,  with  stained 
windows  and  intetior  frescoed. 

Ger„  in,      [n  1853  the  German  portion  of  the  Lutheran  oongre- 

gatl  1  from  the  English,  and  erected  a  neat  church  on  the  corner  of 

Bedford  and  Pomfret  Streets. 

•/•/„    i  vtholic   Church,  on  Pomfret  Street,  is  built   in  the  figure  of 

aOT  ,..,1  in  1807,  and  enlarged  in  1823.     The  lot  upon  which 

it  Btande  was  owned  at  an  early  day  by  the  Jesuits  of  Conowago,  who  had  upon 
it  a  small  log  church,  in  which  the  Roman  Catholic  congregation  worshiped 
until  the  present  one  was  built. 

«On  a  windy  night,  the  13th  of  March,  ISM,  occurred  on-  "i'/,',',6. 

town.     Sou,efor{T-t»ol,uildu,,.*w,.r..1l..-r.,  '•"*»• 

comer  of  Bedford"  and  Loutherilreeta      [I  »  .-  Imm.  I  0|  whl,t 

«••  then  the  old  Jail,  were  liberated,  at  B*»«  "'«"'  temporary  freedom. 


242  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

An  Associated  Presbyterian  congregation  was  organized  in  1798.  They  had 
bought,  two  years  previously,  a  lot  from  the  Penns,  and  on  it  they  erected  a 
stone  church,  on  South  West  Street,  in  1802.  which  was  purchased  and  remodeled 
in  1866,  and  re-opened  as  the  Church  of  God.  It  is  now  the  Methodist  Afri- 
can Zion  Church. 

The  Evangelical  Association  has  a  very  creditable  church  upon  Louther 
Street,  built  in  1869.  Besides  these  which  we  have  mentioned,  there  are  sev- 
eral African  churches  in  the  town,  and  a  very  beautiful  gothic  mission  chapel, 
built  in  1884,  in  the  northeastern  portion  of  the  town,  a  donation  of  Mrs. 
Mary  Biddle,  of  Philadelphia. 

CEMETERIES. 

The  two  principal  burial  places  of  the  borough  are  the  beautiful  Ashland 
Cemetery — with  its  winding  walks  overshadowed  by  green  trees — which  was 
dedicated  as  a  place  of  burial,  on  Sabbath  afternoon,  October  8,  1865;  and  the 
Old  Graveyard,  coincident  with  the  borough  in  its  birth,  which  contains  the 
monuments  of  very  many  old  families  and  noted  names. 

SCHOOLS,    INSTITUTES    AND    COLLEGE. 

The  public  school  buildings  of  the  borough,  eight  in  number,  are  ample  in 
size  and  well  adapted  to  their  purpose.  (The  common  school  system  went  into 
operation  in  Carlisle  August  15,  1836.  There  were  then  16  schools  and 
928  scholars.  In  1879  there  were  20  schools  and  1,003  scholars,  481  being 
males  and  522  females).  The  schools,  now  21  in  number,  are  judiciously 
graded,  and  the  high  school  will  compare  favorably  in  grade  and  thorough- 
ness of  training  with  similar  institutions  elsewhere. 

The  importance  of  education  was  fully  appreciated  by  the  earlier  settlers, 
and  the  church  and  the  school  were  inseparable  companions.  A  classical 
academy  was  in  existence  in  Carlisle  prior  to  the  Revolutionary  war. 

An  account  of  the  "  Metzgar  Female  Institute,"  "Indian  Industrial 
School ' '  and  ' '  Dickinson  College  ' '  will  be  found  in  the  Educational  Chapter 
XI.,  page  195. 

LIBRARIES. 

The  libraries  in  the  borough  consist  of  the  Law  Library,  in  the  court  house 
building,  which,  containing  not  only  the  various  State  reports,  but  the  English 
reports  also,  and  many  text-books,  is  as  complete  as  can  be  found  in  any  town  in 
the  State;  the  College  Library,  and  the  libraries  of  the  two  societies  belonging  to 
the  College;  and  the  Hamilton  Historical  Library,  for  which  a  separate  build- 
ing, comparatively  as  yet  without  books,  has  been  erected  from  funds  left  by 
its  founder,  James  Hamilton,  Esq. 

NEWSPAPERS. 

The  first  newspaper  published  in  Carlisle  was  called  The  Carlisle  Weekly 
Gazette,  edited  by  Messrs.  Kline  &  Reynolds.  It  was  a  small  four  page  paper, 
the  first  number  of  which  was  issued  in  July,  1785.  The  present  papers  in 
Carlisle  are  the  Carlisle  Herald,  the  America)!  Volunteer  and  the  daily  and 
weekly  Valley  Sentinel.  The  Carlisle  Eagle  (Federal)  was  commenced  as 
early  as  1 799,  and  was  the  progenitor  in  a  straight  line  of  descent,  of  the 
present  (Republican)  paper.  The  American  Volunteer  was  born  September 
15,  1814,  and  has  always  been  consistently,  or  inconsistently,  Democratic.  The 
Valley  Sentinel  (Democratic)  was  started  in  April,  1861,  at  Shippensburg.  It 
was  purchased  by  Mr.  H.  K.  Peffer,  its  present  proprietor,  in  May,  1874,  and 
removed  to  Carlisle.  The  Daily  Evening  Sentinel -was  first  issued  in  Decem- 
ber, 1881. 


BOROUGH  OF  CARL18LE 


245 


HAHOTAOTUBING    B8TABLI8HHBOT8,     ITO. 

Carlisle  is  still,  a-  it  always  has  been,  ohiefly  the  county  Beat  and  oen1 
a  rich  agricultural  distriot,  but  of  late  years,  with  the  more  developed  resoui 

,xtended  railroad  facilities  of  the  Cumberland  Valley,  it  has  grown 
with  its  growth  an  I  awakened  to  the  importance  of  the  manufacturing  indus 
Phe  mosl  extensive  industrial  establishments  are  the  shoe,  car 
riage  and  large  car  factories,  the  chain  and  Bpoke  workB,  machine-shops  and 
foundry.  The  new  car- works  are  verj  extensive  buildings,  erected  in  1SS-. 
lying  within  the  eastern  boundaryof  the  borough.  There  is,  of  course,  the  as 
rial,  or  more  than  the  usual,  number  of  various  mercantile  establishments, 
t>;mk-.  etc.,  of  which  the  town  Beems  always  to  have  been  well  rapplied. 

HP  ANT. 

Carlisle  is  plentifully  supplied  with  pure  limestone  water  from  the  reser 
voir  on  th.  tetCreek,  and  the  streets  of  the  town   are  also  lighted 

with  gas,  both  reservoirs  being  under  the  control  of  an  incorporated  stook 
company,  started  in  1853. 

SOCUTE  B. 

The  Young  Men's  Christian    I  of  Carlisle,  was  organized  March 

21,  1859,  by  a  number  of  leading  Christian  men  in  the  town,  when  Mr.  Joseph 
c  Hotirr  was  chosen  president.  The  association  opened  a  public  reading 
room  in  Marion  Hall  on  West  Bigb  Street,  on  September  19,  of  the  same  year. 

I  had  a  lil>rarv  of   105  volumes,  the  gift  of  the  citizen-,  and  in  their  rooms 

and  upon  their  tables  and  files  were  found  six  daily  newspapers,  fifty  weekly 

religious  and  secular  papers,  and  magazines.     The  association  also  sustained  a 

,  of  tree  lectures,  which   were  largely  attended,  and  it  also  maintained  a 

union  prayer  meeting,  which  was  held  weekly  under  its  auspices. 

(nation  did  a  good  work  for  tl immunity  by  its  free  reading-room  and  relig 

ious  work.  The  r rdfl  show  1,944  visits  to  the  rooms  from  the  19th  of  Sep- 
tember. 1859,  to  March  21,  I860.  After  some  time  the  rooms  were  closed,  but 
the  religions  work  of  the  association  was  sustained,  when,  on  Pridaj  even 

August  2,  1867,  pursuant  to  a  notice  given   at  the  young  men's  prayer  i Jt- 

mg,  which  was  held  on  Monday  evening,  previous,  a  conn  isting  of  a 

number  of  leading  church  members,  was  appointed  to  take  im  ation 

the  practicability  of  reorganizing  the  Young  Men'-  Christian  Association.     The 

committee  reporting  favorably,  the  organization  was  at  on ffected,  with  Mr. 

Jacob  C.  Stock  as  president,  who  idled  the  officennti]  January,  1868.  Public 
reading-rooms  wen-  opened  on  the  Becond  Boor  of  the  Kramer  building,  on  the 
corner  of  West  Eigh  Street  and  Court  House  Avenue.  A  circulating  library 
again  opened  and  six  leading  daily  new-paper-  and  eigh)  monthly  maga- 
zines were  provided,  beside-  a  number  of  weekly  papers.  \  dailj  morning 
meeting  was  instituted,  cottage   prayer  i tings   were  carried   on  under  the 

BOtionof  the  association,  and  monthly  sermons   were  preached  foi 
fit  of  young  men     Mr.  11    K.  Pefferwas  elected  president  for  the  year  1868. 

In  the  spring  of  1869  the  association  vacated  their  r ns  on  W  esi  High  street, 

moving  into  the  Becond-floor  r is,  known   as  the  "  Halbert  corner,^  on  the 

Boutheast  corner  of  North  Hanover  and  Louther  Streets.      In  connection  with 
the  other  religious  service-  of  the  association,  open  air  n tings  were  con- 
ducted in  different  parts  of  the  town  on  the  Sabbath  evening  during  the  Bum 
mer  and  early  fall     Mr.  John  T.  Green  Berved  the  association  as  president 
dnrin-  the  years  1869  and  1870.     In  the  Bpring  of  1870  the  n  va- 

cated thek  iooiiib,  sustaining  a  religions  work  of  the  association  and  holding 


246  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY: 

their  business  meetings  at  the  homes  of  members.  Mr.  J.  C.  Stock  was  again 
elected  president,  serving  from  1871  to  1873  inclusive.  The  association  insti- 
tuted Sabbath  afternoon  meetings  at  the  jail  and  also  at  the  county  almshouse, 
and  a  tract  distributor  was  appointed  for  the  town  work.  In  the  beginning  of  the 
year  1872,  the  association  purchased  the  Mission  Chapel  located  at  the  corner 
of  North  and  East  Streets,  known  as  Dickinson  Mission  Chapel,  the  amount 
paid  being  $900.  Mr.  J.  C.  Stock  was  elected  superintendent  of  the  school, 
which  numbered  about  thirty  scholars.  The  State  Convention  of  the  Young 
Men' s  Christian  Association  of  Pennsylvania  was  held  at  Carlisle  September 
10  and  12,  1872,  with  150  delegates  in  attendance.  Mr.  John  H.  Wolf  was 
elected  and  served  as  president  of  the  association  for  the  year  1874.  Mr.  An- 
drew Blair  was  president  during  the  year  1875,  he  was  also  elected  by  the  as- 
sociation as  superintendent  of  the  Mission  Sunday-school.  Mr.  Samuel  Coyle 
was  elected  and  served  the  association  as  its  president  from  1876  until  his 
death  which  occurred  August  23,  1879,  when  Eev.  William  Halbert  was  chosen 
president  serving  until  within  a  short  time  of  his  death,  in  March,  1881.  In 
October,  1879,  the  association  again  rented  and  furnished  rooms  in  the  Patton 
building,  northwest  corner  of  West  High  and  North  Pitt  Streets.  The  Mis- 
sion Chapel  was  sold  to  Mr.  Andrew  Blair  in  December,  1880,  for  the  sum  of 
$500.  In  March,  1881,  Mr.  A.  A.  Line  was  elected  president  of  the  associa- 
tion, serving  until  January,  1883.  In  April,  1881,  the  association  moved  into 
the  Given  building,  located  on  Church  avenue,  north  of  West  High  street. 
December  5,  1881,  the  following  resolution  was  passed  by  the  association:  That 
Allan  A.  Line,  president,  Harry  Wetzel,  Levi  Brenneman,  Reuben  Brubaker 
and  Charles  E.  Eckels,  members  of  the  executive  committee,  and  W.  Scott 
Coyle,  treasurer,  and  Mirvin  McMillen,  recording  secretary,  are  hereby  author- 
ized and  directed  to  sign  the  application  of  the  court  of  common  pleas  for  a 
charter  of  incorporation  of  this  association  under  the  corporate  name  of 
"The  Young  Men's  Christian  Association  of  Carlisle,  Pennsylvania."  The 
boys'  work  was  established  in  the  fall  of  1882,  when  weekly  entertainments 
were  held  for  them,  consisting  of  talks  of  travel,  chemical  experiments  on 
scientific  subjects,  magic  lantern  entertainments,  etc.  In  November,  1882,  the 
association  with  the  assistance  of  W.  A.  Bowen,  assistant  State  secretary  of 
Pennsylvania,  raised  a  subscription  of  $1,000  to  meet  the  current  expenses  of 
the  association  for  the  coming  year,  including  the  employment  of  a  competent 
general  secretary  to  have  charge  and  oversight  of  the  entire  work  of  the  asso- 
ciation, the  maintaining  of  a  free  reading  room,  and  the  general  enlargement 
of  the  work.  Mr.  David  R.  Thompson  was  elected  president  of  the  associa- 
tion for  1883.  Prof.  J.  A.  McKnight  of  Pennsylvania,  was  chosen  as  general 
secretary  to  the  association,  at  a  salary  of  $50  per  month.  He  took  charge  of 
the  association  January  25,  1883. 

The  boys'  branch  was  organized  as  a  part  of  the  association,  which,  in  a 
short  time,  numbered  forty  members.  Also  the  ladies'  auxiliary  society  was 
organized  as  part  of  the  association.  August  13,  1883,  the  association  moved 
into  Marion  Hall  building,  on  West  High  street,  using  the  parlors  on  the  first 
floor  for  daily  and  evening  reading-rooms,  and  having  control  of  the  halls  and 
rooms  on  the  second  floor  front,  also  the  large  back  building  and  spacious 
yard.  Mr.  D.  D.  Thompson  was  elected  president  of  the  association  for  the 
year  1884.  In  November,  1884,  Prof.  J.  A.  McKnight,  the  general  secretary, 
was  called  to  the  Allentown  Association,  when  Mr.  F.  M.  Welsh,  of  Philadel- 
phia, acted  as  general  secretary  for  the  Carlisle  Association,  until  July,  1885, 
when  J.  F.  Mohler,  of  Carlisle,  served  as  general  secretary  until  the  following 
October,  when  Mr.  A.  B.  Paul,  assistant  secretary  of  Columbus  (Ohio)  Associa- 


BOltoriill    OF  CABXI8LB.  -17 

Hon  was  called  to  till  the  position,  and  is  general  Becretarj  at  the  present  time. 
Mr  John  C    Eckels,  Jr.,  served  as  president  of  the  association  for  the  year 

1885   when  his  successor,  Dr.  Q ge  Neidich,  was  called  to  Oie  chair  for  the 

rear  1888  The  membership  of  the  association  has  varied  at  differed  times 
throughout  its  history,  numbering  from  thirtj  to  sixty,  while  at  the  present 
writing  it  numbers  165,  active,  associate  and  sustaining.  4  decided  Btep  m 
advance  was  taken  when  the  association  empl  yed  a  general  secretary  for  the 
supervision  of  the  work.  Religious  meetings  are  held  for  young  men  only  on 
Sabbath  afternoons,  with  an  average  attendance  of  thirty.  A  class  for  Bible 
study  on  Tuesdaj  evenings.  A  meeting  tor  boys  semi-monthly  on  Friday 
evenings,  when  thej  are  provided  with  practioal  talks  wonder ^lectures  and 
entertainments.  A.t  stated  times  public  receptions  are  held  at  the  rooms  fur 
members  and  contributors,  for  clerks  and  mechanics,  and  during  the  winter  of 
■•■,  a  course  of  lectures  and  entertainments  was  arranged  for  the  public, 
Wbichhave  •  atisfaction.     The  association,  in  its  present   appoint- 

ment, is  meeting  the  demands  needed  for  the  work  among  the  youth  and  young 
men  of  the  community.     {Communicated.) 

Trt  ties.     The  subject  of  temperance  received  early  attention 

in  Cumberland  County.  Afl  early  as  L829  a  society,  pledging  its  members  to 
total  abstinence  from  all  intoxicating  drinks,  was  formed  in  l  arlisle,  the  tost 

of  the  kind  in  th ranty.     Distilleries  were  regarded  then  as  h-gitmiately 

necessary  business  enterprises,  and  the  drinking  of  ardent  spirits  was  not  only 
approved  by  society,  but  a  failure  to  do  so  was  looked  upon  with  disfavor,  it 
may  well  be  conjectured  that  moral  heroism  was  required  to  join  a  total  ab- 
stinence temperance  organization  at  that  time,  when  the  Cumberland  Valley 
had  some  eighty  distilleries.  . 

But  the  cause  of  temperance  grew,  and  with  it  a  public  conscience  on  the 
rabjeoi      Menof  p  Jly  gave  it  their  sanction  and  influence.     Organ 

isations  in  various  parts  of  the  countysprang  up.  whose  meetings  were 
attended.     On  Christmas  Day,  1835,  the  annual  meeting  of  a  county  organiza- 
tion was  held,  at  which  such  men  as  Rev.  Dr.  Dnrbin,  of  Dickinson  College, 
and  John  Reed,  president- judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas,  participated, 

andsucc led  in  passing  the  following  resolution:   "Resolved    Chat  the  cause 

perance  is  the  cause  of  humanity,  of  philanthropy  and  of  religion;  and 
that  all  laws  licensing  or  in  any  way  r gnizing  the  traffic  in,  or  sale  of,  ar- 
dent spirits,  are  erroneous  in  principle  and  injurious  in  practice. 

Temperance  has  an  nnceasing  warfare  to  wag..     The  conflict  between  the 

stomach  and  the  brain  is  a  severe  one;  and  with  the  unthinking,  wh 1  pros 

ent  gratification  at  the  expense  of  persona]  and  Bocietj  welfare,  victory  u-ua  ly 
declares  in  favor  of  the  stomach.  Hence  the  beneficent  results  expected  by 
temperance  advocates  have  not  always  been  fully  realized. 

St  John's  Commandery,  No.  8,  M.  K.  T.  Number  of  present  members, 
seventv-nine.  Nun-  of  present  officers:  Rev.  Jeremiah  M  Carvell.  K  O. ; 
Samuel  R.  Cloudy.  Genlo.;   William  R.  Bailie.  Capt.  Gen.;  Joshua  I  .  Bitter, 

;   J"1"1  ('     '  "1"r  ,  .  loco       rn    ^  ,. 

St.    John's  Chapter,  No.  171,  R.  A,  M„  organized  August,  1853.     <  < 
members:  Dr.  Charles  I  aal,  JohnHyer,   Dr.  George  Z.  Bretz,   Ur. 

<>    H    Tiffany,   John  Gutehatt,    -lames  M.   Allen.    S.    W.  L.  Consor,    I 
Comman.  George  Weise.      Present  number  of  members.  Bixty  Beven.      Presenl 
officers:    Charles  Y\ .    Strohm,  M.  E.  H.  P.;    Rev.   Jeremiah  M.   Carvell,    K  ; 
Edward  J.  Gardner.  S. :  JohnHyer,  Treasurer;  John  G.  Bobb,  Secretary. 

,.  No.  197,  F.  &A.   V.,  organized  November!..  HW4. 
Charter  members:  Willis  Foulk,  George  Patterson,  Jr.,  and  John  Lease.    Fres- 


248  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

ent  membership,  ninety.  Present  officers:  Niles  M.  Fissel,  W.  M. ;  E.  J. 
Gardner,  S.  W.;  John  Olliver,  J.  W. ;  W.  Vance,  Treasurer;  Theodore  Corn- 
man,  Secretary. 

St.  John' s  Lodge,  No.  260,  F.  &  A.  M.  Organized  April,  1852.  Charter 
members:  Dr.  Blumenthal,  John  Hyer,  Dr.  Geo.  L.  Bretz,  Dr.  O.  H.  Tiffany, 
R.  K.  Burns,  Michael  G.  Ege,  Rev.  Herman  M.  Johnson,  William  J.  Collisshaw, 
H.  J.  Meek.  Present  number  of  members,  eighty -two.  Present  officers: 
Chas.  W.  Strohm,  W.  M. ;  John  A.  Means,  S.  W. ;  Joseph  L.  Herman.  J.  W. ; 
William  H.  Bretz,  Treasurer;  John  G.  Bobb,  Secretary. 

Carlisle  Lodge,  No.  91, 1.  O.  O.  F.  Instituted  December  22,  1843.  Char- 
ter members:  Edward  P.  Lyons,  N.  G. ;  Holmes  Fernald,  V.  G. ;  Thomas  Con- 
lyn,  Sec. ;  John  C.  Williams,  Ass't  Sec. ;  Peter  Monyer,  Treas.  Present  num- 
ber of  members,  119.  Present  officers:  J.  H  Gardner,  N.  G. ;  Dr.  I.  M. 
Bentz,  V.  G. ;  Theodore  Cornman,  Sec. ;  H.  G.  Beetem,  Ass't  Sec. ;  Robert 
Sheaffer,  Treas. 

Conodoguinet  Tribe,  No.  108,  I.  O.  R.  M.  Established  September  27,  1868. 
Charter  members:  F.  C.  Kramer,  C.  C.  Faber,  Levi  Leeds,  John  Yaiser,  L. 
Leidig,  John  Liszman,  H.  Gotverth,  Wm.  Elmer,  P.  Liszman,  Peter  Miller, 
John  Doner,  A.  More,  H.  Linekhul,  Fred  A.  Chel.  Number  of  present  mem- 
bers, 55.  Present  officers:  Harry  G.  Beetem,  P.;  Louis  Klucker,  S. ;  J.  R. 
Brown,  S.  S. ;  Charles  Faber,  J.  S. ;  A.  B.  Ewing,  K.  of  W. ;  C.  C.  Faber,  C. 
of  R. 

Knights  of  the  Golden  Eagle,  Carlisle  Castle,  No.  110.  Instituted  in  July, 
1886.  Present  membership,  75.  Present  officers:  J.  E.  Barnitz,  N.  C. ;  O. 
F.  Conly,  V.  C. ;  William  Vance,  P.  C. ; Weltzel,  H.  P. 

Patriotic  Order  Sons  of  America,  Washington  Camp,  No.  171,  was  chartered 
June  18,  1886,  with  43  names. 

Sows  of  Veterans,  Captain  Beatty  Camp,  No.  35,  was  instituted  January 
30,  1883. 

There  was  also  instituted,  in  October,  1885,  for  social  and  insurance  bene- 
fits, the  Improved  Order  of  Heptasophs. 

CONCLUSION. 

We  have  given  briefly,  in  the  foregoing  pages,  a  general  outline  of  the  his- 
tory of  this  old  and  historic  borough.  The  town,  until  of  late  years,  has  been 
noted  principally,  not  as  a  mercantile  or  manufacturing  center,  but  as  a  place 
of  homes.  In  it  there  are  many  handsome  residences,  built  by  those  who 
have  left  the  more  busy  scenes  of  active  life,  or  those  who  have  al- 
ways lived  retired  lives,  withdrawn,  in  a  measure,  from  the  tumult  of  the 
world.  Its  capital  has  often  been  idle,  and  it  has  been  conservative  in 
its  business  interests.  On  the  other  hand,  the  beneficial  influences  of  its  in- 
stitutions of  learning  are  clearly  perceptible,  while  the  social  atmosphere  of 
the  place,  although  much  changed  since  the  days  when  it  was  a  military  post, 
makes  it  still  a  distinctive  town  in  the  Valley  in  this  respect 


BOKOOGB   Of   MJBOHANICBBOBO.  -1'' 


CHAPTEB    XVII. 

BOROUGH  OF  M  I  «  HAN  ICSBUKG. 
t™  Rbotoninq    Growth    William  Armstrong    Popi  i.  m  iok    War  otthb 

P  SCTOOL8  AND   EDUCATIONAL    INSTITUTES      CHURCHES      \.-.«s.-A- 

,.,k> !  -l'i  blic  ii  m.i.  utoMarki  r  Housi     Banking  Institutions    Gas  uro 
w  a  ii  b  Company    Sociei  ies    I  oni  li  sion. 

MEOHANICSBTJBG  is  the  second  town  in  population  and  importanoe  in 
the  count]       It  bes  almost  midwaj  between  Carlisle  and  Earrisburg,  on 
the  Oumberland  Valley  Railroad,  and  almosl  midway  between  the  mountains 

north  and  south,  in  a  rich  and  productive  portion  of  the  yalley. 

It  dates  it-  early  history  as  a  settlement,  from  nearly  the  beginning  of  tne 
present  century.  In  L790  the  woods  or  underbrush  grew  where  the  town 
now  stands  and  the  deer  and  other  animals  could  be  Been.  About  this  time, 
or  shortly  afterward,  there  were  two  houses  built  atwhai  are  now  opposite 
,f  the  town;  the  lower  one  an  inn,  built  bj  one  Frankrnborger,  and  the 
upper  one  by  some  one  now  unknown.  Even  as  late  as  L808  the  greater  pari 
of  the  -it.-  of  the  town  was  covered  with  onderbrnsh  or  woods.  A  "  few  drag- 
line houses  wereto  be  Been,"  of  which  only  one  or  two  remained  in  1840. 
Considering  the  date  of  the  formation  of  the  county,  the  town  is  therefore 

of  comparatively  r nt  origin.      It-  beginning  was  unpretentious.     The  tu-st 

brick  house  was  not  built  until  afl  of  L812.     This  was  a  house  built 

about  1816,  in  the  western  portion  of  the  town,  by  Lewis  Zearing. 

For  some  time  after  the  Battlement,  which  had  begun  in  1805  or  L80o,  the 
place  was  known  as  Drytown,  owing  to  the  great  scarcity,  at  times,  oi  water,  and 
after  Henrj  Stouffer,  who  owned  the  land  in  what  became  after 
ward   th.>  central  portion  of  the  town.     The  houses  whichensted  op  to  IS  20, 
h.lll  bee,,  buill  b  ots  were  regularlylaid  out  and  we  have  no  evidence 

to  show  that  the  place  was  known  as  Mechanicsburg  prior  to  this  turn-.  Lp  to 
this  year    L820  the  number  of  hou  i     told,  had  increased  to  twenty-nve 

or  thirty'  bu1   about  this  time,  or  in  th"  sue ding  year,  a  nutnl  were 

laid  out  in  tl astern  portion  of  what  is  now  the  town, 

areieht  houses  were  soon  afterward  erected  In  1828,  Eenry  Stouffer  laid 
out  some  lots  upon  his  land   in  the  centra]  part  of  the  town,  and  a  number 

of  dwellingswere  erected     In  Apiil  (28th)  of  this  year,  il  was  i .rporated 

as  n  borough,  and  a  new  impetus  was  given  to  the  place.  From  tins  time  it 
erow  rapidly  Within  the  next  three  years  some  twentyor  thirty  houses  were 
putup      In  December,  1831,  Maj.  Henry  Lease  and   Daw!  Brenizer  bought 

eiehtortenacreBofland,  on  thesouth  Bideof  MainStreet,  fr leorge  Stein- 

brine  which  they  laid  out  in  lots.  From  that  time  forward,  for  the  next  fif- 
teenyears  the  town  gradually  increased,  until  in  the  year  1845,  it  had,  accord- 
ing tothedesra  bj  "  Etupp,"  133 comfortable  dwellings,  U  of 

brick   67  frame   35  plastered;  4  churches:    a  Union,  Me I    I     Li 

Bethel;  a  comhi  i  'Dions,.,  i.,  which  three  pub!  ere  taught; 

3  taverns;  3  warehouses  on  the  railroad;  a  foundr  ae  -hop:  a  nnm 

berof  mechanicB'  shops  and  of  mercantile  houses,  and  a   populat rising  to 

800      After  its  incorporation  in  1828,  a  burgess  and  town  council  were  el 


250  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

This  was  on  the  16th  of  May.     Henry  Ford  was  the  first  burgess  and  Lewis 
Zearing  the  first  president  of  the  town  council. 

Nine  years  later  (1837)  the  Cumberland  Valley  Kailroad  was  finished 
through  the  town,  and  opened  for  travel  and  transportation,  thus  giving  to  it 
increased  facilities  for  future  growth.  For  a  quarter  of  a  century  after  its  in- 
corporation the  town  steadily  improved,  and  from  1853  to  the  breaking  out  of 
the  Kebellion,  its  progress  was  still  more  marked,  both  in  population  and  in 
material  development.  During  this  period  several  new  churches  were  erected, 
Cumberland  Valley  Institute  and  Irving  Female  College  were  built,  two  or 
three  forwarding  houses,  a  new  town  hall  and  engine  house,  and  a  large  num- 
ber of  dwelling  houses  were  put  up,  all  adding  greatly  to  the  appearance  and 
prosperity  of  the  town.  During  the  period  of  the  war  there  was  but  little 
improvement,  but  after  it  was  over  the  town  started  on  what  seemed  to  be , 
an  unexampled  period  of  prosperity.  Houses  sprang  up  as  if  by  magic, 
and  the  borough  was  extended.  In  one  summer  alone  not  less  than  120 
houses  were  erected,  mostly  by  men  of  moderate  means.  Mechanics- 
burg  threatened  to  outstrip  her  sister  towns.  But  this  period  of  rapid  devel- 
opment was  of  short  duration.  She  had  grown  too  rapidly,  and  a  reaction 
came.  This,  however,  lasted  only  for  a  few  years,  since  which  time  the  town 
has  continued  steadily  to  improve.  Within  the  last  ten  years  new  streets  have 
been  added,  and  many  handsome  residences  and  villas  have  been  erected. 
Particularly  is  this  true  of  the  east  and  west  ends,  and  the  southern  side  of  the 
town,  where  its  rapid  improvement  has  been  most  marked.  The  whole  new 
portion  of  the  town,  south  of  Simpson  Street,  has  been  built  up  within  the  last 
quarter  of  a  century,  and  many  of  the  handsomest  residences  in  Mechanics- 
burg  have  been  erected  within  the  last  few  years. 

POPQLATION. 

The  total  population  of  Mechanicsburg,  in  the  different  years  here  given, 
'was  as  follows:  1830,  554;  1810,  670;  1850,  882;  1860,  1,939;  1870,  2,569  ; 
1881,  3,018. 

In  1876  the  population,  in  detail,  was  as  follows:  White  male  adults,  719; 
white  female  adults,  947;  white  male  children,  645;  white  female  children, 
645;  colored  male  adults,  29;  colored  female  adults,  39;  colored  male  chil- 
dren, 27;  colored  female  children,  30.      Total,  3,081. 

WILLIAM    ARMSTRONG. 

In  June,  1879,  Mechanicsburg  lost  its  oldest  citizen  in  the  death  of  Will- 
iam Armstrong.  He  was  a  native  of  the  northern  portion  of  Ireland,  born 
April  6,  1779.  When  but  three  years  of  age  his  parents  immigrated  to  this 
country,  landing  at  Philadelphia,  and  taking  up  their  residence  at  Harrisburg, 
in  1783,  then  but  a  small  village.  About  the  year  1792  Mr.  Armstrong  was 
indentured  to  Eobert  Harris,  a  grandson  of  John  Harris,  the  founder  of  Har- 
risburg, and  with  whom  he  lived  until  he  was  about  nineteen  years  of  age, 
when  he  took  French  leave  and  landed  in  Carlisle,  where  he  was  soon  after- 
ward discovered  by  Mr.  Han-is,  who  used  every  effort  to  have  him  return  with 
him  to  his  old  home,  but  without  avail ;  so,  for  a  valuable  consideration,  $40, 
Mr.  Harris  released  the  indentured  lad,  and  "Uncle  Billy"  was  a  free  man. 
Whilst  in  the  service  of  Mr.  Harris,  Mr.  Armstrong,  in  1794,  then  but  a  lad  of 
fifteen  years,  witnessed  the  father  of  his  adopted  country,  George  Washington, 
crossing  the  Susquehanna  on  his  way  to  the  western  portion  of  the  State,  with 
a  force  of  men  to  quell  the  Whiskey  Insurrection  that  occurred  in  that  year. 
Mr.  Armstrong  was  married  by  the  rector  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church 
of  Carlisle,   and  soon  after  (1812)  enlisted  in  the  Carlisle  Guards.     He  met 


BOBOUGB    OF   MBCHANIC8B1  251 

K  lib  the  Hungarian  refugee,  and  beartirj  shook  hands  with  the  exiled 
patriot  lu  1858  he  came  to  Mechanicsburg  and  took  up  hiB  residence  with 
his  nephew  Roberl  W  ikon,  and  with  him  continued  to  live  till  biBdeath,  which 
occurred  Jnne  20,  L879,  at  the  patriarchal  age  of  one  hundred  years,  two 
months  and  fourteen  days.  The  deceased  was  never  aiokduring  his  centurj  of 
s,  his  death  being  the  result,  not  of  disease  tmt  old  age  He  was  huned 
'in  the  Trindle  Spring  grave  yard  with  the  h re  of  war. 

w  \K    OF    THE   REB11  I  [I  «. 

Meohaniosburg  contributed  manybrave  Boldiera  to  thewarof  the  Rebellion, 
and  was  among  the  towns  of  the  valley  invaded  by  the  Confederate  forces  in 
1863  Some  1  200  or  1,500  of  JenMna' cavalry  entered  the  town  at  aboul 
,'olock  on  sun. lav  morning  on  the  28th  of  June.  Thej  came  in  with  a 
Bag  of  truce,  which  is  explained  by  stating  that  they  mistook  Chestnut  Hill, 
where  the  aev,  cemetery  had  just  been  laid  out.  tor  a  fortification,  and  that 
they  supposed  Onion  troops  were  near.  They  soon  foundtothe  contrary; 
captured  the  nag  that  had  been  floating  in  the  center  of  the  town,  which  had 
been  taken  down  and  concealed;  when  they  encamped  belowthe  town,  the 
General  makinghis  headquarters  at  the  Railroad  Hotel.     They  then  demanded 

rations,  which  were  granted,  and  after  having  remained  tor  about  thr lavs 

as  uninvited  guests  they  departed,  without  having  done  an}  injurj  either  to 
individuals  or  property.  By  Wednesdaj  morning  on  the  1st  of  July,  the 
town  was  dear  of  the  last  hand  rate  troops,  who  went  thence  to 

Gettysburg. 

SCHOOLS  AND    EDUCATIONAL     INSTITl 

Mechanicsburg  has  twelve  public  schools,  systematically  graded,  which  arc 
under  the  control  of  a  competent  body  of  directors.  The  schools  are  in  build- 
ings comparatively  new.  and  are  well  famished  with  all  modern  appliances. 
Besides  the  public  Bchools,  Mechanicsburg  had,  until  within  a  tew  years,  two 
other  educational  institutions— the  Cumberland  Valley  Institute  at  the  upper, 
ami  the  Irving  Female  College  at  the  lower  end  of  the  town.  A  bnei  historj 
of  them  is  as  follows:  Some  time  prior  to  L853  a  select  school  was  opened  by 
Mr  F.  M.  L.  Gillelen,  which  passed  into  the  hands  of  Rev.  Joseph  S.  1. 
\  M  whoremovedit,  in  L853,  to  a  building  erected  torthat  purpose,  which 
has  since  been  known  as  the  Cumberland  Valley  Institute.  In  L851  it  passed 
into   the   hands  Of   Prof.  I.  D.   Hupp,  of   local  historic  fame,  and    m   1855  into 

the  ,„, ion  of  Messrs.  Lippincott,  Mullen  and  Reese,  whoconducted  it  until 

I860,  when  it  was  purchased  by  Rev.  0.  Ege,  who.  in  connection  with  his 
son.  Alexander  Ege,  and  several  adjunc  -■  conducted  it  until    L875, 

since  which  time  it  has  not  been  .'pen  for  the  reception  of  students. 

Erring  Female  College,  situate,!  at  Irrington,  a  name  given  -to  the  eastern 
end  of  the  town,  was  founded  by  Solomon  P.  Gorges,  and  incorporated  as  a 
college  by  an  act  of  the  Legislature  in  L857.  Its  first  principal  was  Rev.  A.. 
G.    Marlatt,   under  whose  management  this  institution  for  '  m  of 

young  women  attained  considerable  popularity  and  influence.  At  his  death,  in 
1865Tit  passed  into  the  hands  of  Rev.  T.  P.  Ege,  who  conducted  it  until 
within  the  past  few  years,  when,  owing  to  the  gradual  diminution  of  patronage 
or  want  of  financial  support,  I  was  closed. 

.  Hi  K.  HKS. 

The  churches  of  Mechanicsburg,  ten  in  number,  are 
Episcopal.  Presbyterian,    Reformed,  St.  Luke-.   Lutheran,  Trinity    Luth 
I     ited  Brethren,    Bethel,   African  Methodist    Episcopal   Zion,   the  old   Union 

Church  and  a  handsome  Episcopal  Chapel  in  the  oew  portion  of  the  town. 


252  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

NEWSPAPERS. 

There  have  been  a  number  of  newspapers  published  in  Mechanicsburg,  an 
account  of  which  will  be  found  elsewhere. 

"  The  Microcosm,"  started  by  Dr.  Jacob  Weaver,  in  1835,  was  the  first  pa- 
per published  in  the  town.  The  Independent  Journal,  which  was  created  by 
consolidation  of  The  Valley  Democrat  and  The  Cumberland  Valley  Journal, 
by  Robt.  H.  Thomas,  in  October,  1872,  is  the  paper  still  in  existence,  and  still 
edited  by  Mr.  Thomas,  who  has  also  since  (January,  1873)  established  the 
Farmer's  Friend.  As  Mr.  Thomas  is  the  Principal  founder  of  the  State  Grange 
of  Pennsylvania  he  has  made  this  paper  the  mouth-piece  of  that  prominent 
organization.  The  Saturday  Evening  Journal,  a  small  local  sheet,  is  also  pub- 
lished in  the  Independent  Journal  office,  and  furnished  gratuitously  to  the  sub- 
scribers of  the  latter  paper. 

PUBLIC  HALL  AND  MARKET  HOUSE. 

Franklin  Hall  and  Market  House,  on  the  Public  Square,  at  the  corner  of 
Market  and  Main  Streets,  is  a  three-story  brick  edifice,  surmounted  by  a  tower 
and  town  clock.  The  building  was  begun  in  1866  and  completed  in  1867. 
The  hall  was  formally  dedicated  by  a  soiree  under  the  auspices  of  Irving 
Female  College,  on  the  evening  of  December  24,  1866.  The  third  story  of  the 
main  building  is  used  as  a  Masonic  Hall;  the  second  floor  is  the  hall  proper, 
with  a  seating  capacity  for  600  persons;  while  the  side  and  the  two-story  rear 
extension  on  Market  Street,  are  occupied  by  stores  and  the  commodious  market 
house.  The  first  market  in  this  building  was  held  on  the  3d  of  November, 
1866. 

BANKING    INSTITUTIONS. 

The  first  bank  in  Mechanicsburg  was  started  in  1859  by  Levi  Merkel, 
Jacob  Mumma  and  others,  transacting  business  under  the  title  of  Merkle, 
Mumma  &  Co.  This  institution  was  incorporated  by  the  Legislature  in  1861 
as  the  "Mechanicsburg  Bank."  and,  a  few  years  later,  when  the  National 
banking  system  was  inaugurated,  it  applied  for  and  obtained  a  charter,  in 
March,  1S64,  as  "The  First  National  Bank,"  under  which  title  it  commenced 
business  in  May  following,  with  a  capital  of  $100,000.  Its  first  president 
was  S.  P.  Gorgas;  cashier,  A.  C.  Brindle.  It  now  occupies  a  handsome  brick 
and  brownstone  building  on  West  Main  Street. 

The  Second  National  Bank  was  organized  under  the  United  States  banking 
law,  February  20,  1863,  with  a  capital  of  $50,000.  Thomas  B.  Brysonwas  its 
first  president,  and  Levi  Kauffman  its  first  cashier.  Both  of  the  above  banks 
have  been  successfully  conducted  and  have  been  of  great  benefit  to  the  business 
interests  of  the  town. 

GAS  AND  WATER  COMPANY. 

Mechanicsburg  was  first  lighted  with  gas  in  September,  1868.  The  gas 
works  are  owned  by  an  incorporated  company,  and  are  situated  at  the  eastern 
limits  of  the  borough.  The  town  is  also  well  supplied  with  water,  from  a  res- 
ervoir located  in  Upper  Allen  Township.  Both  the  gas  and  water  are  under 
the  control  of  the  same  "Gas  and  Water  Company,"  which  was  chartered  in 
1854.     The  water  works  were  built  in  1856. 

SOCIETIES. 

Eureka  Chapter,  No.  209,  R.  A.  M.,  was  organized  July  3.  1866,  with 
the  following  charter  members:  Robert  H.  Thomas,  Samuel  N.  Eminger  and 
Georo-e  K.  Mooney.  Number  of  members,  about  thirty  five.  Present  officers: 
Josial  P.  Wilbar,  H.  P. ;  J.  Morris  Miller,  K. ;  Robert  H.  Thomas,  Jr.,  S. ;  E. 
Rankin  Huston,  Treas. ;  George  Bobb,  Sec. 


^2.  V- 


BOKiU'iill  01  MECHANIC8B0RQ.  2BB 

i    /•".  ,t-  .1.  i/..  bad  ita  charter  granted  Jane  16,  L858. 

!  i   Palmer,  W.  .M. ;    Ira  leoeased),  8.  W.\  Jaoob 

D  mer  (now  deceased),  J.  W.      Numbi  L06.      Present 

tine,  W.  M.;    L  -1    London,  S.  \\ . ;    II.   S.   Mohler, 

.1.  \\   |  J.  0.  Miller,  8eo.;S    P.  Houston,    I 

;"i,  /.  0.  0.  /•'..  was  organized  December  21, 

[ta  iir-t  officers  were  Isaac  Kinsey,  N   Q  ;  John  Palmer,  V.  G.;  Eenry 

Oarns,  S.j  John  Emminger,  A.  8.;   Samoel  Eckels,  T.      Number  of  membera, 

oinetj  eight       Che  present  officers   are  Martin   Milleisen,  N.    G. ;  Thos.  M. 

Mauk   ■  Di  -ill.    P.;    R    Sensem 

Wildey  Encampment,  No.  29,  1.  0.  O.  F. .  was  organized  at  Carlisle,  and  a 
oswoharter  obtained  July  11,  L878,  Geo.  Bobb,  John  Webbert,  J.  A.  Bibbet, 
,  Senseman,  S.  B.  King,  Christian  Swart/,  and  Simon  8. 
Diehl  being  petitioners.  Number  of  members,  twenty-nine.  The  present 
offioers  are  John  Webbert,  0.  P.;  W.  H.  Bench,  H.  P.;  W.  B.  Railing,  S. 
\\\;   J.  V  young,  J.  W.j    R.  Benseman,  S.;   S.  8.  Diehl,  T. 

Melita  htained  its  charter  June  I.  1888,  charter 

members  being,  F.  F.  Singiser,  William   Matthews,  J.  S    Shopp,  William  Y. 
Johnson.  J.  R.  West  D.  H.  Westfall,  G.  £  Mooney,  George  W.  Titzell,  and 
Henrv  P.  Geyer.      Has  a  membership  of  about  seventy -five.      Present  officers 
;    Millar.  ('.  0.;  Samuel   Landis,  V.  C.  C. ;  Samuel  Kline,  K.  of  R.  & 
-   Markley,  M.  of  P.j  Martin  Arnold,  M.  of  E. 
Washingio  Patriotic  Sons  of  Anuria.  No.  164,  was  organized 

June  5.  L872,  the  first  officers  being  P.  P.,  A.  Z.  Hade;  P.,  P.  B.  Grable;  M. 
,,f  r.  &  0.,  J.  J.  Millar;  Sec.,  s.  .1.  Monntz;  Trees.,  George  W.  Sii 
Number  of  members  September  IT.  L886,  106.  Present  officers  are  P.  P.,  L. 
W.  Pierce;  P.,  W.  M.  Koller;  V.  P.,  EL  R.  Bowman;  M.  of  F.  &  0.,  E.  C. 
Bupp;  Sec  I  C  Gardner;  Treas.,  J.  A.  Hutton.  (D.  H.  Barnhill  of  this 
camp  is  District  President) 

Order  of  U.  A    '■'  Integrity  Council,  No.  197,  was  organized  March 

is.  1869      -  if  members,  about  eighty-three.    Officers:  E.  E.  Monntz,  S. 

ex-C. ;  Dani.-l  Whr  oncilor;  S.  A.  Kinf,'.  V.  Coun- 

cilor; E.  C.  Gardner,  Rec.  Sec;  P.P.  Ball,  P.    Sec. ;S.  M.  Wagoner,   Treas. 
this  of  the  Golden   Eagl  land  Vail  ■<  Castle,  No    109,  was  or- 

ganized Julv  3,  L886;  no  iboul  LOO.     Officers  are  II    11    Mercer,  N. 

0.j    I     M.    Mauk,  V.  N.    G;  Israel  Plohr,    P.  C. ;  W.  H.  Coover,  K.   of  E. ; 
George  Eullinger,  C.  of  E. ;  John  Felker,  M.  of  li. 

There   have  als.i  been  organized,  for  social  and  insurance  benefits,  Royal 
Arcanum  and  Improved  Order  of  Heptasophs. 

Allen  &  East  Pennaborough  Society  for  the  Recovery  of  Stolen  Horses  and 

■Hon  of  Thieves,  was  originally  organized  October  22,  1836; 

revised  and  adopted  June  7.  L854,  and  again  January  7.  1865,  and  again  Feb- 

uary  22,  1873,  and  again  February  22,  1886.     Chartered  November  14,  1870. 

■:  iugs  the  credit  of  bringing  together  a  number  of  the 

citizens  of  Allen  and  Easl  Pennaborough  Townships,  at  tl  ise  of 

Frederick    Kuster,   in  Shire,,  .,   the  24th  day  of  September,    1836. 

The  stealing  of  horses  having  become  fr<  I   the  ordinary  pr< 

the  community,    impressed  with  these  facts.  i 

an  association  for  mutual  defense  and  assistance.    Daniel  Sherban  was  appointed 

president,  and  Levi   M  try  of  this  meeting.     A.  committee  was  ap- 

I  to  draft   a  constitution  and  bylaws,  consisting  of  Dr   J.  L.  Stadiger, 

Merkel  and  William  R    I  I  jreeable  to  ad 

journment  at  the  house  of  Frederick  Kuster,   in  Shiremanstown.     Christian 


256  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

Stayman  was  appointed  president,  and  LeviMerkel,  secretary  when  Dr.  Stadi- 
eer  chairman  of  the  committee,  presented  a  constitution  and  by-laws.  In  183 1, 
Samuel  Shoop's  horse  was  the  first  one  reported  stolen,  and  from  that  time  up 
to  the  present,  January  3,  1885,  there  have  been  only  about  forty  stolen,  lesa 
than  one  a  year  and  all  these  recovered  except  six. 

Officers  of  the  Society:  Dr.  E.  B.  Brandt,  president;  J.  O.  Saxton  vice- 
president;  C.  B.  Neisley,  secretary;  H.  W.  Pressel,  assistant  secretary;  Martin 
Mumma,  treasurer.  Board  of  Managers:  Henry  Z.  Zorger,  1  year;  Jacob 
Kutz  1  year;  Martin  Brinton,  1  year;  John  H.  Bowman,  2  years;  John  Fought, 
2  years;  Samuel  Mumper,  2  years.  Past  presidents,  each  elected  for  one  year 
excepting  where  indicated:  William  R.  Gorgas  -October  22  1836 ,  to  January 
1837  Di  J.  F.  Stadiger,  elected  January  1837;  Jacob  Shelly  1838;  William 
R  Gorgas,  1839;  Michael  Hoover,  1840;  John  Thompson,  1841  (2  years); 
Benjamin  H.  Mosser,  1843;  George  H.  Bucher  1844;  Benjamin  H.  Mosser 
1845;  Jacob  Shelly,  1846;  Christian  Titzel,  1847;  Benjamin  H.  Mosser  1848, 
Lewis  Hyer,  1849;  Simon  Oyster,  1850;  Joseph  Mosser,  1851;  Jacob  Shelly, 
1852;  Benjamin  H.  Mosser,  1853;  Dr.  Ira  Day,  1854;  Dr.  R.  G  Young  1855; 
Levi  Merkel,  1856;  John  C.  Dunlap,  1857;  George  Sherbahn,  1858,  Eh 
Grabil,  1859;  John  C.  Dunlap,  1860;  Dr.  E.  B ;•  Brandt,  1861  (2  years);  HG 
Moser.  1863;  James  Orr,  1864;  J.  O.  Saxton,  1865;  Henry  R  Mosser,  1866  (2 
years);  William  R.  Gorgas,  1868;  Dr.  E.  B.  Brandt,  1869  (18  years) 

Library  and  Literary  Association.  -At  Mechamcsburg  m  the  autumn  of 
1871  steps  were  taken  for  the  organization  of  "The  Mechamcsburg  Library 
and  Literary  Association;"  and  on  April  4,  1872,  a  charter  was  obtained  from 
the  Legislature.  Additions  were  made  from  time  to  time  until  several  thou- 
sand choice  volumes  were  secured,  making  it  a  well-sprmg  of  intellectual  life  to 
the  community. 

CONCLUSION. 

Situated,  as  Mechamcsburg  is,  in  the  midst  of  a  purely  agricultural  region 
it  is  also  one  of  the  most  enterprising  industrial  towns  of  its  size  m  the  State.  It 
has  become  a  productive  center  for  certain  kinds  of  manufactured  goods 
Among  its  leading  industries  may  be  mentioned  the  manufacture  of  agricult- 
ural implements;0  of  carriages,  particularly  by  the  long-established  farm  of 
Schroeder;  the  iron  foundry  of  Houck  &  Comstock,  the  inception  of  which 
dates  back  to  1847;  and  three  spoke  and  wheel  works  for  the  manufacture  of 
wheels,  spokes,  hubs,  etc.,  which  has  grown  to  be  a  distinctive  industry  of  the 
town  One  of  these,  that  of  Frederick  Seidle,  won  medals  at  the  Exposition  at 
Philadelphia  in  1876,  at  Paris  in  1878,  and  at  Atlanta  in  1881,  for  superior  work- 
manship and  goods;  while  the  shipment  of  any  of  these  firms  is  not  limited  to 
Tr  own  country,  but  extends  to  France,  Germany,  Russia,  England  and  Aus- 

traMechanicsburg  has,  besides  these  industries,  which  we  have  mentioned,  a 
planing-mill,  wagon  and  plow  works,  tannery,  two  horse-net  factories,  boot  and 
shoe  factory  a  brick-yard,  a  grain-fan  factory,  and  a  number  of  other  indus- 
tries of  lesser  note.  It  is  a  handsome  town  for  residence,  the  center  of  a  nch 
agricultural  community,  of  growing  importance  as  a  manufacturing  center, 
and   in  every  way,  one  of  the  most  prosperous  towns  of  its  size  in  the  btate. 


itouoi'iMi  UK  sinrrr.NSBURG  257 


CHAPTER  XVIII. 

BOROKHI  OF   SHllTKWSBURG. 

lis  Fihst  Settlemeni     Earli  Reminiscences    List  of  Original  Land  Pi  r- 
.mk.1i>      Eari/s    Hotels   in   Shippensbitrg      Churches     Cemeteries 
Schools    Newspapers    Bans    Societies. 

SHIPPENSBITRG  i-  the  oldest  town  in  the  valley  and,  with  the  exception 
i  ork,  the  oldest  town  in  the  State  west  of  the  Susquehanna  River.  The 
first  settlement  at  this  place  is  -aid  to  have  bees  made  by  twelve  families  in 
.lime.  1730.*      In   May,  IT:'.:'.,  there  were  eighteen  cabins   in  the  settlement, 

which  had.  as  yet,  no  name.     These  cabins  were  mostly  at   tl astern  end  of 

the  town,  which  was  the  first  to  present  the  appearance  of  a  village.      ••When 
the  town  was  subsequently  laid  out  by  the  proprietor,  the  point  where  Queen 
crosses  King  was  selected  a-  the  centre." 
The  following   letter,  written  in  May.    L733,  will    serve  to  give  some   vivid 
idea  of  this  settlement  at  that  period: 

May  21st,  1733. 

/*.,/r  .John:  I  wish  you  would  see  John  Harris  al  the  ferry  and  get  him  to  write  to  the 

or  to  see  it  be  can'l  get  some  guns  for  us;  there's  a  good  wheen  of  ingens  ahout 

id  to  give   OS  B   good  deal  of  troubbel   and  may  do  us  a  grate 

dale  of  barm.     We  was  three  daj  -  on  our  journey  coming  from  Harrises  ferry  here.    We 

could  not  make  much  speed  on  account  of  the  childer;   they  could  not  get  on  as  fast  as 

Jane  and  me.      I  think  We  will  like  this  part  Of  the  country  when  we  gel  our  eahhin  huilt. 

I  put  it  on  a  level  peese  of  groun,  near  the  road  or  path  in  the  wends  a)  the  fut  of  a  hill. 
There  is  a  tine  stream  of  watter  thai  comes  from  a  spring  a  half  a  mile  south  of  where  our 

eahhin  is  built.     I  would  have  put  it  near  the  waller  lint  the  land  is  lo  and  wel.     John  Me 

fall.  A  lick  Siren  and  John  Rippey  huilt  there's  near  the  stream.    1 1  unli  Rippey's  daughter 
Mary  [was]  berried  yesti  rday;  this  will  be  sad  news  to  Andrew  Simpson  when  be  inn  ins 
bridge      II  over  in  the  fall  when  they  were  to  be  married,    Mary 

was  u  vi  rry  purtj  gi  ii .  she  died  of  a  faver,  and  they  berried  her  up  on  rising  groun,  north 
of  the  road  oi  path  where  we  made  if  groun  for  a  graveyard,     she  was 

the  fur-t  Itemed  then-     Poor  Hugh  has  none  letl  now  bui  his  wife,  Sam  and  littli 
There  is  plenty  of  timber  south  of  us.     We  have  eighteen  cabbing  bill  here  now,  and  it 
looks  [like|  a  town,  bul  we  have  no  name  for  it.     I'll  send  this  with  John  Simpson  when 
bai  k  to  paxtan.    Come  np  Boon,  our  eahhin  will  be  ready  to  go  into  in 

and  vou  can  go  ill  till  you  gel  wan  hilt:   we  have  planted    some  nun    and    potatoes.      Dan 
John  SI. .an  and  Robert  More  was   here  .and  left  last  week.  *         *         *         Tell 

'arker  to  come  up  -non  and  bring  Nancy  with  him.  I  know  he  will  like  the  conn 
trv."  I  forgot  to  tell  you  that  Sally  Brown  was  hit  by  a  anaik,  hut  she  is  out  of  danger. 
Come  up  soon.  Vr.  aft.  brother 

James  Mag  aw. 

In  the  year  succeeding  the  Penn  purchase  of  the  land  in  the  north  valley, 
Edward  Shippen  obtained  (in  January  and  March,  1737)  patents  for  two  tracts 
of  land,  containing  in  all.  I.:'.  I '_'  acres,  on  the  first  of  which,  west  of  the  center  and 
not  far  from  the  southeastern  border  stood  the  nucleus  of  the  village,  which 
thirteen  years  later,  became,  for  a  brief  time,  the  county  seat,  and  which,  from 
that  time  until  this  bas  been  known  a-  Shippensburg. 

Edward  Shippen,  the  founder  and  proprietor  of  Shippensburg,  was  horn  in 
■Inly  9,  1703.     Ho  moved  to  Philadelphia,  where  he  married  Mi—  Wary 

r    names  were  Alexander  '.avln  Morrow,  ! 

Huch  Ripper,  John  Ripper.  John  strnin.  AlexaiM  ter,  Darld  Utgnw,  John  Johnston 

Soon  aller,  Benjamin  lil.vihe,  John  I  am|.Wll  and  Hubert  > 


258  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

Plumley,  in  September,  1725.  His  fourth  son,  Edward  (born  February  16, 
1729),  became  chief  justice,  and,  by  the  marriage  of  his  daughter  Margaret, 
he  was  the  father-in-law  of  Benedict  Arnold.  The  elder  Shippen  removed 
from  Philadelphia  and.  lived  in  Lancaster.     He  died  in  1781. 

For  some  time  after  the  buying  of  the  land  by  Mr.  Shippen,  the  popula- 
tion of  the  town  seems  to  have  increased  rapidly.  Three  years  after  (1740) 
the  first  fort  was  built.  The  whites,  seeing  that  the  Indians  were  becoming 
alarmed  at  the  rapid  increase  of  population,  met  at  the  public  house  of  the 
Widow  Piper,  and  determined  to  erect  a  fort.  A  time  was  fixed,  the  people 
assembled,  cut  the  logs,  and  erected  the  building  on  the  northeastern  side  of 
the  town.  This  was  in  the  spring,  and  in  the  autumn  of  that  year  Gov. 
Thomas  sent  a  garrison  of  twenty-two  men  to  supply  the  fort.  A  well  was  af- 
terward dug  by  soldiers  and  citizens  within  the  outward  inclosure  of  the  fort, 
the  traces  of  which  are  still  visible  on  Burd  Street,  just  outside  of  what  is 
known  as  the  "Fort  Field."  This  log  structure  was  named  "Fort  Frank- 
lin," probably  in  1755,  to  distinguish  it  from  Fort  Morris,  which  was  then  in 
process  of  construction. 

As  early  as  1740  or  1741  a  log  flouring-mill  was  built  by  William  Leeper 
(then  of  Shippensburg)  on  the  west  bank  of  the  stream,  south  of  the  town.  In  this 
year,  1740,  the  Campbells,  Culbertsons,  Duncans,  Reynoldses,  Rippeys,  Mc- 
Calls,  Dunlaps,  Pipers  and  Lowerys  were  among  the  leading  families  of  the 
place.  * 

It  is  not  certain  when  the  town  was  first  laid  out,  but  it  seems  to  have  been 
as  early  as  1749.  From  the  time  of  the  Shippen  purchase  until  February, 
1763,  the  first  inhabitants  held  their  lots  upon  grants  or  permits  issued  by  Mr. 
Shippen.  In  the  above  mentioned  year  deeds,  or  leases  as  they  were  then 
called,  were  issued  by  him,  with  the  reservation  of  an  annual  quit-rent  (of 
$1.66§)  on  each  lot  of  sixty-four  feet  four  inches  in  breadth.  After  his  death, 
in  1781,  when  the  property  descended  to  his  sons,  the  quit-rent  upon  the  re- 
maining unsold  lots  was  $4. 

When  the  county  of  Cumberland  was  formed  in  January,  1750,  the  first 
courts  of  justice  were  held  in  Shippensburg.  This  was,  indeed,  ' '  the  only 
town  in  the  valley,"  and,  although  it  had  not  regularly  been  so  appointed,  it 
was  regarded  as  the  county  seat.  There  were  but  four  terms  of  court  held  in 
Shippensburg;  the  first  on  the  24th  day  of  July,  1750,  and  the  last  April  24, 
1751.  f  In  this  latter  year  the  courts  were  removed  to  Carlisle  (Letort's 
Spring),  which  had  been  chosen  by  the  proprietors  as  the  county  seat,  which 
action°on  their  part  caused  great  excitement  and  called  forth  a  vigorous  pro- 
test from  the  inhabitants  of  the  upper  end  of  the  county.  In  what  house  the 
courts  were  held,  in  Shippensburg,  is  not  known;  there  was,  however,  a  pub- 
lic whipping  post,  which  is  said  to  have  stood  at  or  near  the  intersection  of 
King  and  Queen  Streets. 

For  some  time  after  this  period  the  growth  of  Shippensburg  was  slow. 
This  was  not  owing  to  the  removal  of  the  courts,  but  to  that  terrible  period  of 
Indian  depredation,  which  began  in  1753,  and  ended  in  1764. 

Among  the  Indian  depredations  in  1757,  near  Shippensburg,  are  the  fol- 
lowing:   "On  the  6th  of  June,  1757,  two  men  were  murdered,  and  five  taken 

"Francis  Campbell  was  a  roan  of  culture,  a  ready  and  forcible  writer,  and  one  of  the  first  merchants  in 
Shim,,  nsl  jure  II  J.«li»  17'"'.  l>aniel  Ih.ncm  built  a  stoue  house  on  Lot  52,  io  which  he  kept  a  store  and 
teve n  ' "son  S.eplien  represented   the  county  in   the  Colonial  Legislature,  and  was  at  one  time  the  heaviest 

tax-on  <t  in  i  he  place  The  others  were  names  uf  prominence,  hut  there  is  not  a  male  descendant  of  any  one 
„„'i'nlll„  ;,,  Mil  inenshun;  to-d.iv.     See  sketch  hv  late  Hon.  John  McCurdy. 

reman  in      "     h     I      '  -  ,.,.,,,,-iN,  marked  17.1D,  which  make  the  four  terms  at  Shippensburg  stand 

thus  In  Iv  •'  1 7*iY  ),  ,  "her -j:;,  17.-,i>;.lanuarV -22,  17.iil;  April  24.  1 7  io.  But  those  of  July  and  October  are  the 
first  on  the  records,  besides  which  the  next  regular  term  in  Carlisle,  July  2a,  1751,  follows  naturally,  if  we  cor- 
rect the  error. 


BOROUGH    OF   8HIPPENSB1  RG. 


•J.V.I 


prisoners,  by  a  party  of  Indians,  a  short  distance  east  of  where  Bard's  Eton 
the  road  Leading  from  Shippensburg  to  Middle  Spring.  The  names  of 
the  killed  were  John  MoKean  and  JohD  £gnew,  and  those  of  the  oaptured, 
Bogh  Black,  William  Carson,  Andrew  Brown,  James  Ellis  and  Uexandei  Mc 
Bride  VII  but  Ellis,  it  appears,  made  their  escape  These  escaped  prisoners 
stated  thai  Ellis  was  the  only  one  who  remained,  as  a  white  girj,  whom  this 
band  had  captured  in  Maryland  .hum,'  exhausted,   had  been 

killed  and  scalped  bj  them  on  the  evening  before  thej  made  their  escape  I  to 
the  18th  of  July,  1757,  a  band  of  savages  surprised  a  party  who  were  harvest- 
ing ,,,  John  Cessna's  field,  about  a  mile  east  of  Shippensburg.  Thej  ap 
proaohed  the  field  from  the  east  through  the  woods,  which  bounded  it  on  that 
aide,  and,  when  within  ahorl  range,  fired,  killing  Dennis  O'Neiden  and  John 
Kirkpatriok;  then  rushing  forward  thej  oaptured  Mr.  Cessna,  his  two 
Bona,  and  a  bod  of  John  Kirkpatriok,  and  made  their  escape  with  their  prison- 
ither  hands  in  the  field  at  that  time,  butathickel  which 
between  them  and  the  Indian  i  moealed  them  from  view.  The  next 
day.  in  a  field  belonging  to  Joseph  Steehson,  nine  persons  were  killed  and  tour 
taken  prisoners." 

When  the  town  was  laid  out,  the  old  Indian  path  became  the  mam  road, 
and  was  chosen  tor  the  location  of  King  Street.  Three-fourths  of  the  resi- 
dents of  the  town,  in  1751,  lived  upon  that  portion  of  this  street,  which  lies 
between  Washington  Street  and  the  top  of  the  hill  west  of  the  toll  gate. 

In  the  spring  of  1755  the  road  cutters  were  at  work  opening  a  road  west. 
Braddock's  army  was  iii  the  field,  and  it  was  proposed  to  make  Shippensburg 
the  base  of  supplies. 

On  June  11.  1755,  Charles  Swain  writ.-  to  Gov.  Morris  from  Shippens- 
burg: "I  arrived  at  this  place  on  Monday,  and  judge  there  are  sufficient 
buildings  for  storing  the  provisions  without  erecting  any;  these  will  want  but 
a  small  repair,  except  the  fastings,  and  to  be  had  on  easj  terms,  as  they  are 
all  left,  to  be  possessed  by  anyone  who  will  inhabit  them.  The  owners  do  not 
Beam  inclined  to  take  any  advantage  of  their  being  wanted  on  this  occasion 
I  find  not  above  two  pasture-,  here;  these  hut  mean  as  to  grass,  from  drought; 
but  there  is  a  tine  range  of  forage  for  upward  of  four  miles  in  the  woods,  quite 
to  the  foot  of  the  South  Mountain;  also  a  goodrunof  water,  that  the  cattle 
will  he  oontinuallj  improving  after  they  come  here.  1  shall  use  the  methods 
practiced  her.-  of  keeping  their  beasts  together;  have  a  constant  watch  on 
them;  daily  see  to  them  myself.  1  can  find  but  little  cellaring  here  for  secur- 
ing the  pork,  but  have  pitched  on  a  shadj  and  dry  spot  in  the  woods  for  mak- 
lellar  for  what  I  can  not  store  in  such  cellars  as  are  in  the  town.  There 
ril  little  lime  at  present,  so  the  making  of  ovens  would  be 
difficult,  and.  if  made  of  day.  then  there  would  be  some  iron  wanting.  The 
principal  expense  which  aeems  to  attend  the  magazine  here  will  he  the  hire  of 
some  person  or  persons  to  attend  the  cattle,  also  to  watch  the  stores  and  p  irk, 

etc.         *        *         The, pers  in  these  parts  have   plantations,  and  they  but 

occasionally  work  at  their  trades         *        *        The  mills,  also,  here  have  no 
bolting   cloth-,  si,    that    they  make  only    B  inr."      In    another   letter. 

dated  July,    (.  17"Mjnst   five  days  before  Braddock's  defeat),    Mr.    Shippen 

says:   " I  shall  give  orders  to  Mr.  Burd's  servant,  a  per.  to  take  charge  of 

BOme  cattle,  as  Mr.  Swain   shall  direct.      The  cattle   are  provided  with 

of  pasture      Bui  the  place  which  shall  be  agi 1  opon  bj  the  General  (Brad- 

dook)  for  the  magazine,  ought  to  he  protected  by  at  least  twenty  or  thirty  s,,i 

and  there  should  he  a  blockade  built,  otherwise  they  (the  Indians)  may 

!y  the  cattle,  for  they  can  march  through  the  wo  covered, 


260  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

within  twenty  miles  of  Skippensburg,  and  they  may  come  these  twenty  miles 
one  way  on  a  path,  leaving  Jacob  Pyatt's  near  Tuscarora  Mountain,  on  the 
right  hand  and  see  but  two  houses  till  they  are  within  two  miles  of  my  place." 

Within  a  few  days  after  the  writing  of  this  letter  Braddock  was  defeated, 
and  the  ominous  danger-cloud  which  had  threatened  the  inhabitants  of  the 
valley,  burst. 

At  Shippensburg  they  began  immediately  to  erect  another  fort.  This  fort 
was  called  Fort  Morris,  after  the  Governor  of  the  province.  In  a  letter  written 
by  Charles  Swain  to  him,  July  30,  1755,  he  says:  "A  defeat  is,  I  believe,  be- 
yond doubt.  I  suppose  that  the  people  will  now  come  fast  into  these  parts, 
and  shall  use  all  expedition  in  forwarding  a  fort.  I  have  pitched  on  a  piece  of 
ground  of  Mr.  Shippen's,  and  the  timber  about  here  is  all  his;  therefore 
should  be  glad  he  was  to  write  about  it,  if  your  Honor  thought  proper,  that 
there  may  be  no  afterclaps  on  his  part."  On  November  2,  of  this  year  (1755), 
James  Burd  writes  to  Edward  Shippen,  at  Lancaster:  "We  are  in  great  con- 
fusion here  at  present.  *  *  *  This  town  is  full  of  people,  they 
being  all  moving  in  with  their  families — five  or  six  families  in  a  house.  We 
are  in  great  want  of  ammunition;  but  with  what  we  have  we  are  determined  to 
give  the  enemy  as  warm  a  reception  as  we  can.  Some  of  our  people  had  been 
taken  prisoners  by  this  party,  and  have  made  their  escape  from  them  and  come 
in  to  us  this  morning.  *  *  *  We  have  100  men  working  at  Fort 
Morris  every  day. ' ' 

He  also  wishes  that  they  would  send  guns — "great  guns,  small  arms  and 
ammunition  " — from  Philadelphia.  This  fort'seems  to  have  been  completed  in 
1756. 

' '  It  stood, ' '  says  Hon.  John  McCurdy,  ' '  on  the  rocky  hill  at  the  western 
end  of  the  town.  The  brick  schoolhouse  now  standing  there,  which  was  built 
some  [forty-two]  years  ago.  stands  within  the  boundaries  of  the  fort,  the  foun- 
dation of  a  part  of  which  can  still  be  traced. ' '  The  walls  were  built  of  small 
stone,  with  mortar  which  became  hard,  and  were  about  two  feet  in  thickness. 
The  roof  and  timbers  of  the  building  were  removed  before  1S21,  and  the  re- 
maining portion  of  the  walls  were  torn  down  in  1836.* 

In  the  sudden  nnslaught  of  the  Indians,  and  the  panic  which  ensued,  in 
1763,  there  was,  on  the  25th  of  July,  1,384  of  these  fugitives  in  Shippensburg, 
of  whom  301  were  men,  345  women,  and  738  children,  many  of  whom  were 
obliged  to  lie  in  barns,  cellars  and  sheds,  the  dwelling  houses  being  all  crowd- 
ed. Fort  Franklin  had,  before  this  time,  we  are  told,  been  enlarged  with  ad- 
ditions, and  during  the  Indian  troubles  of  this  period  the  various  sections  were 
occupied  by  private  families.  It  was  afterward  allowed  to  decay,  and  was  torn 
down  about  1790. 

At  the  time  of  these  Indian  troubles  in  1763,  and  previous  to  it,  various 
parties,  and,  among  others,  those  living  around  Shippensburg,  sent  piteous 
appeals  to  the  Government  for  aid,  but  they  seem  often  to  have  been  power- 
less, or  to  have  turned  a  deaf  ear  to  the  supplications  of  these  border  inhabi- 
tants. 

In  February,  1763,  Mr.  Shippen  began  to  issue  the  first  deeds  or  leases  to 
purchasers,  and  to  those  who  had  previously  settled  upon  the  lots.  The  list 
of  the  original  purchasers,  with  the  number  of  the  lot  is  as  follows: 

*  On  the  19th  of  March,  17*14.  the  Indians  carried  off  five  people  from  within  nine  miles  of  Shippensburg, 
and  shot  one  man  through  the  body  The  eneniv,  supposed  to  he  eleven  in  number,  were  pursued  successfully 
by  about  loo  provincials  The  houses  of  Joiin  Siewari,  AdamSiinms.  .lames  NfcC.immon  William  Bair.l,  James 
Kelley.  Stephen  Caldwell  and  John  Boyd  were  burnt.  These  people  lost  all  their  grain,  which  they  had 
threshed  out  with  the  intention  to  send  it  for  sale.y  further  down  among  the  inhabitants. — Gordon s  History  of 
Pennsylvania,  p.  624. 


BOROUGH  OF  SHIPPBNSBURG. 


201 


1  Samuel  Montgomery. 
S  David  Magaw . 

:i   i  Pram  is  Campble. 
5  Peter  Miller. 

6,  T    William  I'ipcr. 

Cunningham. 
9  Anthon]   M  ml.-. 
10,  11  Richard  Long. 
12,  18,  It  Francis  Campble. 

oder  Sterrit. 
IB  William  Cowan. 

17  John  Brady. 

IS  William  R" 

mes  M<  fall. 
•21  Robert  Chambers. 
22  John  Cesna 
88  William  Hendricks. 
rge  Roes 

2">  Andrew  Wilkin*:. 
88,  97  William  Barr. 
88  Andrew  Wilkins. 

29  Thomas  Finley. 

30  Humphrey  Montgomery. 

31  Thomas  Finley. 

lei  lhiucan. 
Miller. 
34  John  Montgomery. 
:;."..  86  Bamuel  Perry. 
:;7  John  Corbet. 

liel  Duncan. 
39  Blank 
4"  Daniel  Duncan. 

41  Archibald  Flemming. 

42  James  Lowery. 

18  Andrew  Keith. 

44  James  MeCJintock. 

45  William  Deeper. 

46  Blank. 

47  l>  -.  .1  McKnight. 

48  William  B 

49  William  Suihcrland. 

John  Miller. 

59  Martin  HoUlerbaum. 

54  William  Brookins. 
66  B  imuel  Duncan. 

66  Matthew  \ 

67  William  Mi-Connel. 

ink. 

M  eting-house,  graveyard. 
61  Richard  I. 

02  Henry  Davis. 

63.  61  Edward  Lacey. 
66  Archibald  Mahan. 
88  Jane-  McKeeny. 
61  J  ic  ib  K 

68  Blank. 

60  I).    Roberl  McCall. 
7o  Blank. 

lylor. 
72.  78  Andrew  McLean. 

r.  h  lot— free. 

|   min  Co|ipenheffer. 
78  Robi  rl  Reed. 
77  Joseph  Campbell. 

ibMilliron. 

80  Valentine  Haupt 

81  Simon  R 


.  Carnahan 
nolds. 
si  Robert  Peebles. 

mes  Dunlap. 

87  Ql  leon  Miller. 

88  Andrew  Boyd. 

89  Joseph  Parks. 

ram  Miller 
91  John  Redotl 

Id  mle 
98  James  i;,'\  nolds. 
94  George  Eliley. 
9.1  Willi 

96     \nlho  :\    '>; 
117  John  Mains. 

98  Robert  Brown. 

99  John  Heap.     Meadow  lot. 
100,   101   Samuel  Rippey. 

109  Lucinda  Piper. 
[03  Bamuel  Rippey. 

104  Roberl  Peebles, 

105  John  Smiih. 

106  Anthony  Maule. 

107  Johnson  Smith. 

108  James  Piper. 

110  William  Wilson. 

111  Margaret  McDaniel. 

1  r_>.  1 13  Benjamin  Kilgore. 
ill  Blank. 

115  Anthony  Maule. 

116  William  Campbell. 

117.   IIS  James  McCall. 

119  i  leorge  Met  'amlless. 

120,  121   Daniel  Duncan. 

122  Blank. 

138  Blank. 

184  David  Ellis. 

125  John  Montgomery. 

126  James  Buss, -11. 

127  Blank 

128  John  Montgomery. 
129,  180,  181  Blank. 

182  Thomas  Atkinson. 

183  Blank. 

184  Robert  Beatty. 

niuel  Berry. 
186  John  Carnahan. 
[87  Samuel  Berry. 

138  John  Cessna. 

139  Alexander  Askey. 
1 10  John  Mahan. 

ill  to  (and  including)  1 18  Blank. 
149  Alexandei  John-ton. 
150,  151  John  Diet  rick. 
152  Abraham  Beidleman. 

158  Anthony  M  iiile. 
154  Jacob  Lightner. 
166  John  Gregory. 

156  George  McCandleas. 
lo7  Jacob  BZiser. 

a  Davenport. 

159  Joa  ph  Mitchel. 

160  Thomas  M -e. 

161  John  Dietrick. 

16  ■    163  Frederick  Shipley. 
184  John  Stall. 
165  Christian  Gish 


262  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

166  Andrew  Patterson.  171  Christian  Gish. 

167,  168  Blank.  172  Frederick  Sheval. 

169  Casper  Sallsgibber.  173  Walter  Welsh. 

170  David  Duncan. 

The  place  in  early  days  was  sometimes  spoken  of  as  "Shippen's  Farm." 
As  a  specimen  of  the  deeds,  an  indenture  made  on  the  1 3th  of  March,  1764, ' '  be- 
tween Edward  Shippen  of  the  Borough  of  Lancaster, of  the  one  part,  &  Archibald 
Machan,  of  the  other,"  conveys,  subject  to  the  quit  rent  "a  certain  lot  of 
ground  Scituate  within  a  certain  new  town  called  Shippensburg,  in  the  county 
of  Cumberland,  containing  in  breadth  sixty-four  feet  four  inches,  &  in  length 
457,  4  inches,  No  65,  Bounded  on  the  South  by  King  Street  &  on  the  west  by 
Lot  No  60  granted  or  intended  to  be  granted  to  James  Mackeney,  &  on  the 
east  by  Lot  No  64  Granted  to  Edward  Lacey  &  on  the  north  by  a  fourteen 
foot  alley,  &c.      (Signed)  Edward  Shippen." 

In  the  Revolutionary  war  Shippensburg  was  prompt  to  respond  to  the  call 
for  men.  Capt.  Matthew  Henderson,  at  the  beginning  of  the  war,  raised  a 
company  of  104  men  in  Shippensburg,  and  another,  but  not  a  full  one,  was 
raised  by  Capt.  Mathew  Scott.  It  is  said  that  at  this  time  there  ' '  was 
scarcely  an  able  bodied  man  in  the  place  who  was  not  enrolled  in  one  or  the 
other  of  these  organizations. " 

In  December,  1775,  Capt.  William  Rippey,  of  Shippensburg,  enlisted  a 
company,  of  which  he  was  commissioned  captain  January  9,  1776,  which  be- 
came one  of  the  companies  of  the  Sixth  Regiment,  commanded  by  Col.  Irvine. 
With  the  brigade  to  which  it  shortly  afterward  belonged  it  was  sent  to  Canada, 
where,  at  Trois  Rivieres,  Capt.  Rippey  with  his  colonel  and  most  of  the  men 
were  captured.  Rippey  made  his  escape,  and  after  the  war  resumed  keeping 
the  Branch  Hotel  in  Shippensburg — down  to  the  time  of  his  death  in  1819. 

Until  1790  there  was  no  postoffice  in  Shippensburg.  Previous  to  this 
time  the  people  depended  simply  upon  private  carriers.  But  by  an  act  of  Con- 
gress in  1788,  "posts"  were  established  for  the  regular  transportation  of 
mails  between  Philadelphia  and  Pittsburgh  by  the  route  of  Lancaster,  York, 
Carlisle,  Charnberstown  and  Bedford,  from  which  mails  were  dispatched  once 
in  each  fortnight.  The  first  postmaster,  at  the  establishment  of  the  first 
"post"  in  Shippensburg,  May  13,  1790,  was  Robert  Peebles. 

During  the  "  Whiskey  Insurrection "  of  1 794  Gen.  Washington  passed 
through  Shippensburg,  at  which  place  he  remained  for  some  portion  of  the 
day.  It  is  said  the  citizens  gathered  to  pay  him  their  respects,  but  others,  a 
few  days  after  his  visit,  in  order  to  show  their  disapprobation  of  the  use  of  a 
military  force  to  suppress  the  insurrection,  during  the  hours  of  night,  erected 
a  "  liberty  pole  "  on  the  corner  where  the  council  house  now  stands.  This  pole 
was  afterward  cut  down  at  night  by  the  opposite  party — or  by  parties  ' '  to 
whom  its  presence  was  objectionable." 

Although  Shippensburg  is  the  oldest  town  in  the  valley,  it  was  not  incor- 
porated as  a  borough  until  January,  1819. 

The  population  of  the  place  at  various  times  was  as  follows:  In  1800, 
it  contained  less  than  800  inhabitants;  in  1810,  1,159;  in  1820,  1,410;  in 
1830,  1,308;  in  1840,  1,473;  and  at  present  about  2,500.  Although  it  has 
not  increased  rapidly  in  population,  the  town  in  other  respects  has  improved 
greatly  within  the  last  quarter  of  a  century. 

EARLY    HOTELS    IN    SHIPPENSBURG. 

The  earliest  public  house  in  Shippensburg  was,  in  all  probability,  that  of 
"  The  Widow  Piper."  It  existed  as  early  as  1735,  when  a  number  of  persons 
living  in  the  vicinity  met  to  protest  against  the  new  road  running  through 


.'•" 


< 


•ccu^t  ^7e>ALC 


BOROUOH   OF  BHIPPBNS  '■  '-''■' 

"thebarre  Bare,  tor  many  years,  the  public  business  was  transacted, 

and  in  it.  it  i-  i>  tssible,  the  firs!  oonrts  were  held  t 

••  v  brewery  was  Btarted  at  a  very  early  day  in  the  building  now  known  as 
,)„.!;.  b  ir  Hotel  This  building  was  erected  (or  that  purpose,  and  the 
business  of  brewing  was  carried  on  there  for  a  number  of  years;  at  firsl  by 
idem  Carnahan,  and  afterward  by  James  Brown.  This  house  was  subse 
quenUy  converted  into  a  tavern,  and  was  firal  kepi  by  a  man  named  John 
Baylor,  who  was  succeeded  bj   Jacob   Ham-  '       '   Boyder,  andhe,  id 

ls:,l    bj  Jacob  Hartzell.  J     We  find  that  this  hotel  was  known  as  the  "  Black 
Bear  "as  early  or  prior  to  1792;  for  in  the  -      Lugust,  1792, 

there  is  a  petition  for  a  "  road  from  the  sign  of  the  Bear  in  King  Streel  p 
Reynold's  mill  to  Middle  Spring  Churoh,"  which  was  granted  And.  among 
public  papers  owned  latelj  bj  the  late  Jason  Eby,  kindly  furnished  to  as  by 
Christian  Eumrich,  Esq.,  we  find  the  original  petition  presented  to  the  court 
in  Lugust  lT'.'-l.  as  follows:  "The  humble  Petition  of  Jacob  Etahm,  ol  Ship- 
pensburg    Buml  Thai   your    Petitioner,  having  provided  a  Ci 

modious  House  &  accomodations  for  Travellers  in  the  Town  of  Shippensburg, 

,ly   prays  your  Bonorable  Oourl  to  granl  him  a  licence  for  the  purpose 
of  keeping  a  house  of  intertainmeni  in  the  aaid  town,  '  etc.  S 

Therewasalaoahotelin  Shippensburg  prior  to  L792,  known  by  tin' nam.' 
of  the  "Black  Horse."  For  in  another  petitidnto  this  term  of  eourl  (August, 
1792)  from  Patrick  Cochran,  we  find   "thai  the  petitioner  hath  latelj  rented 

and  now  occupiesthe  commodious  and  long  accustomed  public  house  1 wn  by 

the  name  of    the   Blank  Borse,  in   Shippensburg,  where  he  is  well  provided 

with  liquor  and  all  other  n ssaries  for  a  public  house,  and  also   has  bad 

many  repairs  made  for  the  better  acoommodation  of  travellers.  Then'  was 
also  another  hotel  in  Shippensburg,  in  and  prior  to  1  792,  know  by  the  name  of 
the  ••Km"  of  Prussia,"  The  application  is  by  Conrad  Beamer,  presented  at 
thesamel  I  Lugust,  L792),  who  prays  thai  "Whereas  your  petitioner 

fcinuee  to  keep  the  old  accustomed  and  commodious  tavern  known  by  the 
namoof  the'Kingof  Prussia,'  in  Shippensburg,"  that  the  court  willrecom- 
mon.l  him  to  his  Excellency  the  Governor  for  license  to  continue  a  publicbouse 
in  the  said  place.  Oneother  petition  is  made,  also  August,  1792,  by  (I,. urge 
McCandless,  who  ••hath  kepi  a  house  of  entertainment  in  the  house  where  he 
now  lives  thepreceding  year,  and  is  deBirious  of  continuing  the  -am.-.  Lnd 
this  is  all  we  know  of  the  "taverns"  of  ye  Town  of  Shippensburg,  before 
the  beginning  of  this  century. 

[following  th^  Indian  moccasin,    "when  tin'  days  of  the  pack  horse  had 

edaway,  the  Black  Bear  Hotel  became  the  principal  Btopping  place^for 
wagons  engaged  in  the  transportation  of  merchandise  to  the  West.  Ship 
pensburg  was  then  lively  with  this  traffic  to  and  from  Pittsburgh  and  Philadel- 
phia. Butthe  Obnestoga  teams,  with  their  noise  and  bustle,  have  passed  away. 
They  have  ceased  "tooolleci  nightly  in  groups  around  the  house,     and  the 

'■lection  of  them.  even,  has  grown  dim. 

Sixty  Near-  ago  there  were  -i\  wagon  maker  -hop-,  each  employing  a  num- 
ber of  hands,  ami  nine  blacksmith  -hop-  all  busily  employed. 

•  Historical  DUcoufs.     '  le. 

t  There  la,  tnlb<  ppenabnxg,  Innkeeper,  in  1703. 

1  II. .I,  John  lloCurdjr'a aketch  in  Wing.  .  ,,     .         ,  f.i. 

jThenet.li...,.i  mended?  b»  John  ","';•;  :"',      '    "      so,.      rho...M 

^in.R....T.'„W,-.M.^n I  Colwell.Ale 

ill !  William  BrooUns,  William  Birr,  John  Heap  o,  »na 

pa^M^o".  he.o  ^  ^  ^  ^  ^  ^  shippensburg  and  Loudon,  and  this  .u  one  of  the  most  prominent 
indu:,lrles  of  the  place. 


266  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

CHURCHES. 

The  Scotch  Irish  Presbyterians  who  settled  at  Shippensburg  belonged  to 
the  church  at  Middle  Spring,  so  that  no  church  of  that  denomination  was  for 
some  time  erected.  Mr.  Shippen  and  his  agents,  and  the  Groverment  employes 
at  Forts  Morris  and  Franklin,  located  at  Shippensburg,  were  Episcopalians,  and 
"an  effort  was  made  to  establish  an  Episcopal  Church.  This  scheme,  how- 
ever, never  promised  to  be  successful,  and  when  the  agents  withdrew,  was 
abandoned. ' ' * 

In  1767  Lot  59  was  conveyed  by  Mr.  Shippen  to  Francis  Campble  in  trust, 
tor  a  Presbyterian  Church,  "  with  yearly  rent  of  one  penny  sterling,"  and  a 
log  house  was  erected  about  1768,  but  little  used,  and  was  turned  into  a 
schoolhouse,  neglected,  and  finally  torn  down.  The  adjoining  Lot  60  had 
previously  been  set  apart  and  used  for  the  burial  of  the  dead.  There  was 
early  a  Eeformed  Associate  Presbyterian  Church  in  Shippensburg.  "Lot  216 
on  the  village  plot  was,  June  2,  1794,  deeded  by  the  Shippen  brothers  to  this 
church,  and  a  stone  meeting-house  was  erected  on  it  about  1797,  which  was 
subsequently  enlarged,"  and  is  still  standing.  Its  pastors  were  Rev.  James 
Walker,  ordained  September  4,  1799  (of  congregations  of  Shippensburg  and 
Chambersburg,  giving  to  each  half  his  time),  resigned  August  8,  1820.  Rev. 
Thomas  Strong,  ordained  (over  the  two  churches)  October  23,  1821,  at  which 
time  a  union  was  formed  between  his  congregation  in  Shippensburg  and  the 
members  of  the  church  at  Middle  Spring,  who  resided  in  or  near  the  village. 
On  February  18,  1824,  Rev.  Henry  R.  Wilson,  D.  D. ,  was  installed  and  re- 
mained till  October,  1839.  He  was  born  near  Gettysburg  in  1780;  graduated  at 
Dickinson  College  under  Nesbit;  was  chosen  professor  of  languages  in  that 
institution  in  1806.  He  preached  in  the  First  Presbyterian  Church  at  Car- 
lisle, as  colleague  with  Dr.  Davidson.  In  1814  accepted  call  at  Silver's 
•Spring,  from  which  place  he  went  to  Shippensburg.  He  died  in  Philadelphia 
March  22,  1849. 

He  was  followed  by  Rev.  James  Harper  in  1840,  who  served  till  May  8, 
1870,  and  was  succeeded,  in  1872,  by  Rev.  W.  W.  Taylor,  succeeded,  in  May, 
1875,   by  Rev.  W.  A.  McCarrell. 

In  April,  1839,  a  suit  was  brought  for  the  exclusive  right  to  the  church 
property  by  a  few  Associate  Reform  members  still  remaining  in  the  town, 
which  was  successful.  The  little  society  gradually  dwindled  away,  and  the 
church  building  was  leased  to  the  borough  for  school  purposes  for  ninety-nine 
years,  for  $1,000.  When  this  case  was  decided,  the  Presbyterian  Congrega- 
tion purchased  a  lot  in  another  portion  of  the  town  and  erected  the  neat  brick 
edifice  in  which  they  worship.      A  new  church  is  now  being  erected. 

Methodist  Church. — The  first  church  was  built  in  1790.  It  was  a  log  struct- 
ure, one  story  high,  and  stood  on  the  northwest  end  of  the  lot  where  the  old 
brick  church  stands.  At  first  the  congregation  was  small,  but  it  grew  in  strength 
and  importance,  and  has  included  in  its  membership  many  of  the  most  prom- 
inent residents  of  the  town.  In  1825,  a  new  brick  church  was  erected  on  the 
southwest  end  of  the  old  lot.  It  was  used  about  half  a  century.  The  present 
church,  on  King  Street,  was  built  in  1875. 

German  Reformed  and  Lutheran. — Some  time  during  the  latter  part  of  the 
last  century  a  lot  located  on  the  southeast  corner  of  Orange  and  Queen  Streets 
was  selected  as  a  place  of  burial  by  the  Lutheran  and  Reformed  denomina- 
tions, and  on  it  a  log  church  was  erected,   which  was  used  until  about  1812. 

*Until  the  (Preshvteriao)  organization  was  effected,  the  Episcopal  element  was,  perhaps,  dominant  in  the 
borough,  through  ihe'iuflnence  of  Mr.  Shippen,  the  proprietor,  who  was  connected  with  that  denomination." 
— Nevin's  Churches  of  the  Valley,  p.  155. 


BOBOUGH    OF    BHIPPBNBBDBfl.  -,,,T 

t      k«nt  rt»k  vanr  a  briok  choroh  was  erected,   where  the  German   Reformed 

Chuti    ..wm       -  'anTwafS  nrei  uaedaa  a  phv '  ^,,  bj   both  con 

gr^ationT    After  some  time  the  two  oongregationa  separated,  each  ereetmg  a 

^TbrSAu^waTbuatbythedei, ination  known  as  the  Church  ofGod 

about  S   wSh  was  torn  down  in  1870,  when  the  present  one  was  erected 
itlflStte   United  Brrtftm.  buiU   their  preseni   chnrch  on  North  Penn 

Street. 


The  burial  places  of  Shippensburg  haring  become  full  of  the  bodies  of 
thoefwho^ inringmorethan  a  oentn?  of  ita  existence,  had  taken  up  the* 
1  ,.  n  £  dark  bonse  and  narrow  bed''  in  the  varioue  ^clo«rn»e  A  new 
burial  place,  known  aa  the  "Spring  Hill  Cemetery,  waa  ^eorparfiad  . 
u.irv  is  1861  and  twelve  acrea of  land,  which  were  pnrchased  fox  that  pur- 
i    ■  were  laid  oui  into  lota.      We  may   mention  thai  the  firai  burial  m  theae 

SSnSwaathatof    Etoberi   MfoFarland  who  bad  ttiaoted  a    fever  m  the 

Emy^MdSiat  of  thirty-two  soldiera   who  served   in  the  late  war  are  bnned 


beneath  ita  -'"I. 

SCHOOLS 


There  are  nine  pnblic  achoola  in  Shippensburg,  which  are  tang  t  r  «ght 
months  during  the  year;  bui  the  main  educational  institution  »  Jte Cum- 
berland Valley  State  Normal   School,"    which    was   chartered    in  1870  and 

.t'lon  April  5,  L873,  with  a  registered  liai  of  300  pupils.  D.  corner- 
Btonewas  laid  on  May  31,  L871.     The  building,  which  .8  abou    one  fourth  o 

S, „•     of  town,  is  a  hand le  architectural  design,  and  is  *"**«' 

ooTmanding  eminence,  aurrounded  by  beautiful  and  spacious  grounds,  taste- 
fully  laid  out.     It  was  erected  at  a  cost  of  over  J12o,UUU. 

HZW8PAPXB8. 

There  have  been  ten  papers  published  in  SMppjmeburg  since  the  formation 
of  the  town  One  the  "  Valley  Spirit,"  was.  about  1846,  moved  to  Cham  - 
rjrt  is  still  published  Another  th.  ValUy  BmtmO,  waa 
bomrW  b%  Henry  K.  Peffer,  Esq.,  who  moved  it  to  Carlisle,  where  it  is  still  pub- 
fished  -Th..  Sesent  pap,,-,  in  Shippenaburg  are  the  Shippensbnrg  Ifea, 
established  in  1844,  and  the  Shippensbnrg  Chronicle,  started  in  18/S. 

HANK. 

There  is  one  National  Bank  in  Shippenaburg,  which  was  established  under 
the  title  "The  Firai  National  Dank  of  Shippensbnrg,     in  ISob. 

SOCIETIES. 

Cumberland  Valley  Lodge,  No  315,  F.  &  A.  M  was  instituted  February 
is.  1858,  with  following  named  charter  membera:  Rev^  James  older,  Rev. J. 
V  Rupley,  Henry  Ruby,  Sr.,  Jacob  Heck,  John  S.  Blair,  John  \\  underhch, 
R  J.  Lawton  and  Etel  D.  A.  Laverty.  Present  membership,  twenty  nine. 
,  oflicrs:  John  Wolf,  W.  M .:  J.  K  Gardner,  S.  W.;  B.  M.  Houston, 
.1    V7.:  S.  C.  Henderson,  Treas.;  W.  M.  Geeeaman,  Sec. 

,_,,„  ,   38,    |    y  u.  (colored),  instituted   in  1868;  has  about 

eighteen  membera.  Preseni  officers  are  Hen^  Johnston,  W.  !&;  Georg ;e .A. 
Barnes,  Jr.,  3.  W. ;  Edward  Arthur.  J.  W.;  William  A  Barnett,  Sec. :  Thomas 
Miller.   Treas.  ,  ,     .  .,.,     ioar 

Valley  Encampment,  No.  34,  I.  0.  O.  l<\.  waa  chartered  June  22,  1840, 
with  charter  members  William  F.  Carey,  John  C.  Altiek,  W  dham  B.  Cochran, 


268  HISTORY    OF   CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

John  Fisher,  J.  H.  M.  Peebles,  John  A.  Clippinger  and  John  Bender.  Pres- 
ent membership  thirty-eight.  Present  officers:  G.  F.  Cressler,  C.  P.;  G.  S. 
Clark,  H.  P. ;  Elmer  E.  Shelley,  S.  W. ;  R.  W.  Hockersmith,  J.  W. ;  J.  K  L. 
Mackey,  Scribe;  W.  J.  ADgle,  Treas. 

Cumberland  Lodge,  No.  90,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  was  organized  December  12,  1843, 
the  charter  members  being  William  F.  Carey,  B.  F.  Irvin,  William  H.  Hoo- 
ver, John  McCurdy  and  John  C.  Altick.  Present  membership,  seventy-two. 
Present  officers:  George  W.  Noftsker,  N.  G. ;  J.  E.  Wolfe,  V.  G. ;  John 
A.  Fleming,  Treas. ;  J.  K.  L.  Mackey,  Sec. 

Mount  Alto  Lodge,  G.  U.  O.  F.,  No.  1941  (colored),  was  organized  in  1879 
with  about  twenty  members.      Discontinued  working  in  1885. 

Royal  Arcanum. — There  was  also  organized,  August  24,  1886,  for  social 
and  insurance  benefits,  a  council  of  the  Royal  Arcanum. 


CHAPTER  XIX. 

BOROUGH  OF  SHIREM ANSTOWN. 
Locality — Origin  or  Name — Churches — Societies— Miscellaneous. 

SHIREMANSTOWN  is  situated  on  the  main  road  leading  from  Carlisle  to 
New  Cumberland,  known  as  the  Simpson  Ferry  Road,  and  within  a  short 
distance  of  the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad  in  a  fertile  and  highly  improved 
portion  of  the  county. 

It  is  twelve  miles  east  of  Carlisle  and  five  miles  west  of  Harrisburg.  It 
derives  its  name  from  Daniel  Shireman,  one  of  the  first  residents  and  land- 
owners of  most  of  the  place  upon  which  the  town  is  built,  and  who  kept  a 
hotel  there  for  a  period  of  some  years.  The  first  house  was  built  by  John 
Davis  about  1812  or  1814.  It  was  afterward  used  as  a  hotel,  and  still  later  as 
a  store,  which  was  the  earliest  one  kept  in  the  town. 

Shiremanstown  was  incorporated  as  a  borough  in  August,  1874. 

CHURCHES. 

There  are  three  churches.  The  first  was  originally  a  frame  building,  one 
story  high,  erected  as  a  union  house  of  worship  in  1838,  but  since  enlarged 
and  remodeled  by  the  Church  of  God. 

United  Brethren. — This  society  erected  their  church  in  1854.  It  is  two 
stories  high,  the  lower  portion  being  built  of  limestone,  and  the  upper  part  of 
brick. 

Messiah's  Church. — This  is  also  two  stories  in  height;  was  erected  in  1867, 
and  is  the  handsomest  church  edifice  in  the  town.  The  seats  and  doors  are 
made  of  polished  chestnut.  Its  bell,  cast  in  1787,  is  the  oldest  one  now  in 
Cumberland  County. 

societies. 

Irene  Lodge,  No.  425,  K.  of  P. ,  instituted  in  March,  1874,  has  a  member- 
ship of  about  fifty-seven.  The  officers  are  D.  Y.  Zimmerman,  P.  C. ;  D.  C. 
Eberly,  C.  C. ;  William  Welty,  V.  C. ;  John  G.  Bentz,  P. ;  L.  O  Sheaffer,  K. 
of  R.  and  S. ;  W.  H.  Zearing,  M.  of  F. ;  J.  Morris  Miller,  M.  of  E. ;  J.  E. 
Straining,  M.  of  A. 


COOK     TOWNSHIP. 


269 


trial  Society  of  Shiremanetoum  was  organised  in  1841,  with  Qn  I 
ins  officers:   William  R.  Gorgas,  president;  Dr.   William  Mateer,   via 
Merkel,  treasurer;  Daniel  Shelley,   Beoretazy.      Membership 
bens' about    seventy.     Present  offioers   are    Dr.    W.   S.    Bruckart,   presidentj 
C'hi-i^tian  Stoner,  vice-president ;    David   0.    Mohler,    secretary;  Joseph   A 
Willi;-,  treasurer;  A.  H.  Dill,  financial  Beoretary. 

tOSOBLLANl 

The  borough,  besides  its  warehouses,  wagon  shops  and  Btores,  has  also  a 
large,  oomm  Kiious,  brick  Bchoolhouse,  buill  in  L868  by  Lower  Allen  Township 
before  the  borough  was  incorporated. 

Cumberland  Vallej  Railroad  passes  through  the  borough  from  east  to 
west,  and  does  oonsiderable  business  at  tins  point. 


CHAPTER     XX. 
COOK  TOWNSHIP. 


COOK  TOWNSHIP,  at  present  the  youngest  township  in  Cumberland  Conn 
tv   ,.  rom  the  southern  part    of   Pennsylvania  in  the  year  1872. 

The  whole  of  it  is  mountain  land,  well  timbered,  and  containing  at  places  large 
quantities  of  valuable  iron  ore.  There  are  several  streams  in  the  township,  the 
most  important  of  which  is  the  Mountain  Creek,  which,  after  being  formed  by 
the  junction  of  two  smaller  streams  near  Pine  (nose,  fiows  in  a  slightly  north- 
easterly direction  through  the  mountainous  portion  of  Dickinson  Township; 
then  almost  north,  through  South  Middleton,  until  it  empties  into  the  Zellow 
Breeches  Creek. 

The  state  road  from  Carlisle  to  Gettysburg  passes  through  the  wild  and 
uncultivated  mountain  Bcenery  of  this  township,  as  does  also  the  Barrisburg  & 
Gettysburg  Railroad,  which  was  originally  built,  in  L869-70,  as  the  South 
Mountain  Road,  from  Carlisle  to  Pine  Grove,  by  the  South  Mountain  Iron 
Company,  for  the  development  of  their  extensive  property  at  that  place.  In 
1883,  under  the  name  of  the  Gettysburg  &  Harrisburg  Railroad,  it  was  ex- 
tended from  Hunters  Run,  a  Btation  on  the  Eormer  road,  to  the  celebrated 
"Bound  Top, "  on  the  battle-field,  three  miles  beyond  Gettysburg.  It  was 
opened  for  travel  on  April  21,  L884.*  J.  C.  Fuller  was  the  first  president 
and  William  H.  Woodward  the  first  general  superintendent,  secretary  and 
sorer,  a  position  which  he  still  holds.  Theroad  has  established  a  popular 
and  pleasant  park  near  Pn  in  the  midst   of   the  wUd  moun 

tains,  and  which  is  one  of  the  most   attractive  places  of  it-  kind  which  is  to  be 
found  in  the  county.  .  . 

chief  property,  however,  of  the  company,  in  the  township,  is  tne  l  me 
Grove  Furnace  andthe   Laurel  Forge,  with  about  25,000  acri  »me 

small  part  of  wl  rer,  is  in  Adams  County.     Those  Pine  Grove  Iron 

Works  are  located  on  Mountain  Creek  about    ten  miles hortb  ot    Mount  Holly 
Springs      [I     -  known  when  the  first  furnace  was  erected  at    this  p 

The  tract  of  about    150  acres  was  originally  granted  by  Thomas  and  Richard 

•  Id  August  of  this  first  year,  over  50,«J0  people  were  carried  OTerthe  road  In  ten  days  to  the  encampment 
o(  the  National  Guards  of  Pennsylvania  at  Gettysburg. 


270  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

Penn,  in  July,  1762,  to  Samuel  Pope,  and  on  the  7th  of  October  of  that  year 
it  was  conveyed  by  him  to  George  Stevenson,  who  was  a  partner  at  that  time 
in  the  Carlisle  Iron  Works,  at  Boiling  Springs.  George  Stevenson  was  born  in 
Dublin  in  1718,  educated  at  Trinity  College  and  came  to  America  about  the 
middle  of  the  last  century.  He  was  a  prominent  man — a  judge  at  one  time  of 
the  counties  of  York  and  Cumberland  by  a  commission  in  1755  under  the 
reign  of  George  II.  He  was  later  a  prominent  lawyer  at  Carlisle.  In  con- 
nection with  William  Thompson  (afterward  a  general),  and  George  Eoss,  a 
signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  he  became  a  large  land-owner  and 
manufacturer  of  iron,  and  erected,  in  1764,  a  furnace  and  forge  (known  as 
Mary  Ann  Furnace)  in  York  County.  In  1769  he  removed  to  Carlisle  and  en- 
gaged in  the  iron  business  at  Mount  Holly.  He  married  Mary  Cookson,  the 
widow  of  Thomas  Cookson,  the  deputy  surveyor  who  laid  out  the  town  of  Car- 
lisle. In  1772  George  Stevenson  conveyed  this  Pine  Grove  property  to  Find- 
lay  McGrew,  in  which  deed  it  is  described  ' '  as  being  the  same  tract  as  was 
surveyed  by  William  Lyon,  Esq.,  and  whereon  the  said  Findlay  McGrew  hath 
lately  erected  a  saw  mill,"  etc.;  and  in  the  year  following,  McGrew  conveyed 
said  tract  to  Jacob  Simons,  who,  in  December,  1782,  conveyed  it,  together  with 
another  tract  which  he  had  improved,  to  Michael  Ege  and  the  two  Thornbergs, 
Thomas  and  Joseph.  It  is  in  this  deed  that  the  property  is  called  the  Pine 
Grove  Iron-works — a  name  by  which  it  has  been  known  ever  since.  Michael 
Ege  continued  to  own  this  property  until  his  death  in  1815,  after  which  it  was 
confirmed,  by  proceedings  in  partition,  to  his  son  Peter  Ege,  since  which  time 
it  has  passed  through  various  hands,  until  it  came  into  the  possession  of  the 
present  owners. 

The  only  postoffice  in  the  township  is  called  Pine  Grove  Furnace,  and  the 
only  iron  way  is  the  South  Mountain  Railroad,  spoken  of  fully  above. 


CHAPTER  XXI. 

DICKINSON  TOWNSHIP. 


DICKINSON  TOWNSHIP  was  formed  from  a  portion  of  West  Pennsborough 
"Township,  April  17,  1785.  At  its  formation  it  included  the  townships  of 
Penn  and  Cook,  and  in  all  probability  extended  from  South  Middleton  on  the  east 
to  Newton  on  the  west;  and  from  the  "great  road  leading  from  Harrisburg  to 
Chambersburg  on  the  north,"  to  the  Adams  County  line  on  the  south.  It  is 
a  rectangular  township,  now  bounded  by  South  Middleton  (east),  Penn 
(west),  West  Pennsborough  (north),  Adams  County  (south),  and  is  about  twelve 
miles  loner,  north  and  south,  and  about  five  miles  wide.  The  character  of  its 
soil  is,  in  the  north,  undulating  limestone  land,  which  portion  is  covered  with 
fine  farms  in  a  high  state  of  cultivation.  The  southern  portion,  beginning  at 
the  Yellow  Breeches  Creek,  is  sand  and  gravel  land,  which  industry  has  made 
productive;  while  the  extreme  southern  section  of  the  township  is  a  mountain 
reo-ion,  covered  with  a*  light  growth  of  oak,  chestnut  and  yellow  pine.  The 
Gettysburg  &  Harrisburg  Railroad  and  the  South  Mountain  branch,  also  the 
Mountain  Creek  pass  through  this  southern  section,  while  the  Harrisburg  & 
Potomac  Railroad,  running  almost  parallel  with  the  Yellow  Breeches  Creek, 
passes  through  the  center  of  the  township. 


DICKINSON    TOWNSHIP 


271 


The  original  settlers  of  this  township  were  Sootoh  Irish.  They  seemed 
to  have  Bettjed  first  apon  the  Sallow  Breeches  Creek,  upon  which  stream  they 
purchased  from  the  Proprietaries  large  tracts  of  land.     Manj  of  the  d« 

ante  of  thes -iginal  settlers  Btill  live  apon  those  lands. 

One  of  th"  earliest  land  o*  ners  in  this  section  was  Michael  Ege,  the  elder, 
who  cam.,  into  Cumberland  Countj  at  a  verj  early  period.  Be  owned  a  tract 
which  extended  from  somewhere  about  BoUing  Springs,  to  what  isnow  Haj  - 

BtatioD    on  the  Harrisbnrg  &    Potomac    Railroad,  a  distan I  abouttwelve 

miles    '  The  bulk  of  this  land  lay  between  what  is  known  as  the  firs)   an 

end  riul f  hills  along  the  the  Sonth  Mountain,  which,  in  Dickinson,  extend 

down  onthe  north  Bide  of  the  mountain  a  considerable  distance  into  the  valley, 
„,  nome  places  as  tar  north  as  the  Yellow  Breeches  Creek.  This  property  was 
distributed  am..,,.'  hi-  children,  but,  with  the  exception  of  the  Carlisle  Iron- 
works the  whole  of  it  passed  on!  of  their  hands  in  the  first  generation.  A 
large  portion  of  this  Ege  tract,  perhaps  all  of  thai  which  went  to  Mrs.  W  ilson, 
adaughterof  Michael  Ege,  a  considerable  time  after  her  death,  and  after 
much  of  it  had  been  improved  and  made  into  farms  by  the  purchasers,  was 
claimed  bj  Mrs    Wilson's  heire.     This  claim  gave  rise  to  verj  protracted  hti 

eation      it  involved  the  title  to  perhaps  a  hundred  farmsorpi 1   propertj 

in  what  i-  now  Penn  Township.  After  various  conflicting  decisions  it  wae 
finally  decided  in  favor  of  the  purchasers  and  against  the  W  ilson  heirs. 

among  the  early  settlers  of  the  town-hip  were  the  H sks,  or  two  families 

of  Houcks  They  owned  whatwasknown  as  the  Salome  Forge.  The  Gal 
|  family,  as  were  also  the  Weakleye  and  the  Lees.  The 
.l,.vs  probably  settled  in  this  section  as  early  as  L732,  and  owned  large 
tracts  of  land  four  generations  ago,  including  that  now  known  as  Barnitz  Mill. 
Another  branch  of  the  Weakley  family  settled  just  above  the  Cumberland 
Furnace,  and  owned  the  land  about  Spring  Mills,   now  called   Euntsdale,   and 

riderable  farm  land  north,  extending  to  the  Dickinson  PresbytenanJ  hm 
which  is  built  upon  land  donated  for  that  purpose  by   (William  L.    Weakley) 
one  of  the  family.  „... 

Three  generations  ago  the  Lees,  *(four  brothers.  W  arren,  rhomas,  Holiday 
and  George)    lived  on  the  Walnut  Bottom  Road.     The  easternmost   of    tl 
farms  was  afterward*  owned  by  the  late  Sterritt   Woods.     These  men  were 
Large   fine  physical  specimens  of  men.  social,   and  who  were  fond   "of  the 
ohM  fiddling    and    hospitality."       Another   old  family    were    the 

1-'  There  was  a  large  cluster  of  them  in  what  is  now  the  central  por 
tionof  DickinBon  Township.  They  owned  large  farms,  probably  in  all  about 
1  HUH     acre-  Of     this    family,     within     the     recollection    of      men     hvi 

was   Richard   W Is,   Squire,   and  Capi    Samuel   Woods,  who  is  said  to  have 

been  the  determined  juror  who  was  instrumental  in  acquitting  Prof.  MoChntoci 
when  he  was  tried  for  inciting  the  riots  in  Carlisle,  ('apt.  Woods  v. 
large  man.  who  weighed  probably  oyer  200  pounds,  walked  alwaye 
with  a  si  op,  waa  quiet,  almost  forbidding  in  his  manner,  but  was  in  reality 
one  of  the  most  benevolent  and  kindest  men  that  ever  lived.  Another,  David 
Glenn  came  from  the  north  of  Newville,  and  settled  in  this  portion  ol  the 
county  in  about  1825.  He  owned  from  the  Walnut  Bottom  Road  out  to  the 
Yellow  Bre  I  Be  is  described  as  a  strict  Covenanter. 

Gen    ThomasC.  Miller  came  (about    \^'<"i  and  remained  in  the  township 
until  his  death.     He  was  the  father  of  William  H.  Miller.  Esq,  a  promment 

The  Lee  faniilT  of  Dickinson  Township,  acquired  the  title  to  th-ir  land 
livery  of   selsVn-or  feudal  investiture,  the  omy  inslauo-  of    Ihta  Kl  »"  "'    »'  '  umuerl.nd 

County. 


272  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

lawyer,  still  well  remembered,  of  Carlisle.  He  had  been  a  volunteer  officer  in 
the  war  of  1812,  fought  at  Lundy's  Lane  and  along  the  Canada  border,  after 
which  he  settled  in  Adams  County,  when  he  was  elected  to  the  Senate  in  the 
days  when  Thaddeus  Stevens  was  a  member  of  that  body.  He  then  came  to 
Cumberland  County  and  bought  the  Cumberland  Furnace  property,  quite  close 
to  Huntsdale,  just  on  the  eastern  border  of  Penn  Township.  He  was  a  tall, 
venerable,  fine  looking  man,  proud,  a  good  talker,  and  possessed  of  unusual 
ability.  Daring  the  days  of  slavery,  the  South  ""Mountain  afforded  a  hiding 
place  for  colored  people  who  attempted  to  escape  from  bondage,  and  Dickin- 
son Township  received  its  full  share  of  these  fugitives.  In  the  year  1859, 
just  before  the  breaking  out  of  the  Rebellion,  occurred  the  last  case  of  this 
kind.  Three  negroes,  John  Butler,  wife  and  child,  came  in  1859  to  reside  in 
Dickinson  Township,  and  lived  in  a  small  house  near  the  Spruce  Run.  They 
had  been  slaves  in  Maryland,  but  had  been  manumitted  by  will  at  the  death 
of  their  owner.  The  estate,  as  it  turned  out  afterward,  was  insolvent,  and 
the  administrators  sent  their  deputies  to  capture  the  human  property,  who 
were  regarded  as  assets  of  the  estate.  At  about  midnight  on  the  12th  of  June, 
these  negroes  were  stolen  from  their  homes.  Prompt  measures  were  taken  by 
the  citizens  of  the  township  to  discover  the  perpetrators  of  the  crime,  and 
among  these,  Richard  Woods  and  John  Morrison  were  particularly  active. 
Myers,  the  principal  kidnaper,  was  arrested  just  before  reaching  the  Mary- 
land line,  and  brought  to  Carlisle  for  trial. 

This  incident  gave  rise  to  an  important  case,  in  which  the  question  was 
whether  they  had  a  right  to  invade  the  free  soil  of  Pennsylvania  for  such  a  pur- 
pose. Judge  Watts  and  A.  Brady  Sharpe  were  concerned  with  the  district  attor- 
ney for  the  commonwealth,  while  able  counsel,  among  whom  were  Bradley 
Johnston  and  Johnston  Meredith,  represented  the  rights  of  the  State  of  Mary- 
land. Myers  was  convicted,  but  the  sentence  was  suspended  and  the  colored 
people  returned,  when  they  went  back  to  Dickinson  Township,  where  they 
have  since  lived.  In  a  previous  case,  where  the  slaves  of  one  Oliver  passed 
through  the  township,  one  of  its  citizens  was  made  to  pay  dearly  for  his  hav- 
ing given  them  shelter  during  the  night. 

There  are  no  villages  in  the  township,  and  very  little  manufacturing,  as 
its  interests  are  almost  purely  of  an  agricultural  character.  There  are  stores 
at  several  points,  and  grist-mills  and  saw-mills  sufficient  to  supply  local  de- 
mands. 

The  hotel  known  as  the  Stone  Tavern  was  built  by  James  Moore  about 
1788,  and  was  at  one  time  known,  we  are  told,  as  the  "Cumberland  Hall 
Tavern. ' ' 

CHDECHES. 

There  are  but  two  churches  in  the  township;  one  near  Barnitz's  Hills, 
which  belongs  to  the  Methodist  Protestant  congregation,  and  which  was 
erected  originally  about  1844,  but  has  since  been  rebuilt  and  improved;  and 
another  church  located  on  Spruce  Run.  Most  of  the  people  of  Dickinson  at- 
tend services  in  the  churches  at  Carlisle  or  in  Penn  Township. 

After  the  Secedsr  Church  was  built  in  Carlisle  in  1802,  in  which  Rev. 
Francis  Pringle,  from  Ireland,  was  pastor,  the  Woodburns,  the  Rosses,  the 
Moores,  and  a  number  more  of  the  most  substantial  and  leading  families  of 
the  congregation,  lived  at  a  considerable  distance  in  the  country,  and  for  their 
convenience  it  was  deemed  expedient  to  provide  a  preaching  place  in  the  coun- 
try, where  public  services  could  be  occasionally  held.  Mr.  Moore,  of  Dickin- 
son Township,  donated  an  acre  from  the  corner  of  his  farm,  about  six  or  seven 
miles  from  Carlisle,  as  a  site  for  a  meeting-house  and  grave-yard,  and  here,  in 


/ 


BA8T    PBNNSBOROUGH   TOWNSHIP.  276 

L809  or  L810,  a  atone  church  was  built      V7e  are  informed  it  was  nearlj   op- 
:  the  Stone  Tavern.     The  building,  which  was  but  a  preaching  station 

•  !i,m  exist. 

schools,   ETC. 

twelve  in  number,  are  well  sustained  and  attended, 

and  are  taught  bj  effioie  B  isides  the  regulai  terms  of  si  i at  as, 

I -> r  i  \  - n . «  schools  are  also  maintained  in  Borne  of  the  districts  during  the  summer 
■ 

The  postomces  in  Diol  i  iship  are  Mooredale,  Barnitz  and  Uriah. 

There  is  one  station  on  the  <  lett]  sburg  >V  Harrisburg  main  line  named  Stamen, 
and  a  station  on  the  South  Mountain  Branch,  called  Henrj  Olay. 


CHAPTER  XXII. 
EAST  PENNSBOROTJGH  TOWNSHIP  AND  BOROUGH  OF  CAMP  HILL. 

EAST  PENNSBOROTJGH  TOWNSHIP  was  originally  a  portion  of  I' 
borough  Township,  which,  at  that  time,  embraced  nearly  all  of  the  terri- 
tory which  is  now  Cumberland  County.  As  earlj  as  1737  it  began  to  be  called 
east  and  west,  and  shortly  afterward  north  and  smith  parts  of  Pennsborough, 
but  it  was  not  until  Is  15,  when  the  latter  were  dropped,  thai  the  division  of  the 
township  into  East  and  West  Pennsborough  seems  to  have  been  definitely  rec- 
ognized. The  little  fragment  of  it  which  now  remains  as  the  extreme  north- 
eastern portion  of  the  county,  and  which  -.till  retains  its  maiden  name,  i- 
bounded  by  the  Blue  or  Kitfcatinn]  Mountains  on  the  north,  the  Susquehanna 
River  on  the  Bast,  Lower  Allen  on  the  south,  and  on  the  west  by  Hampden 
Township. 

FULLY     HISTORY. 

At  a  very  early  period  the  Shawanese  Indians  settled,  with  the  consent  of 
"William  Perm  and  lehanna  Indi  bis  west  Bide  of  the  Sua 

quehanna  River.      I  te  disaffected,  and  under  two  chiefs,  Shingasand 

Capt  Jacobs  (killed  afterward  at  Eattanning).  they  took  up  the  hatchet  against 
the  whil  ing  as  their  i  i  doing  that  satisfaction  had  not  lieeu 

made  to  them  for  li  I       o  the  Proprietary's  manor  on  the  I 

guinet   Creek.      About    1728   thej    removed  to   the   Ohio   River,   and  placed 
themselves  under  tl  m  of  the  French.     The  whites  began  to  settle  in 

tlii—  (Paxton)  manor,  which  enilira 1  all  the   portion  of   the  township  south  of 

modoguinet  Creek,  about    1730.     Most,  if  not  all  of  them,  were  Scotch 
Irish,  and  after  1736,  when  this  land  was  finally  purchased  from  the  Indians. 
the  influx  of  immigrants  was  rapid.     One  year  later  (1736)  the  first  road  was 
westward. 

■re  of  the  Susquehanna  River  one  Kelso  lived,  and.  in  con- 
nection with  John  B  I  the  ferry.  The  Lota  of  the  Paxton  manor 
which  la\  within  the  township 

\       i.   containing  530       ■  It    first   belonged  to  Capt.  John  Stewart; 

■  •  -John  Rupley,  Jacob  Ruplej   and  Jacob  Molt/.;  later  to  Halderman's, 
George  Rupley* a  heirs  and  other-. 


276  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

No.  2,  267£  acres  belonged  to  John  Boggs;  later  to  Christian  Erb,  Eichel- 
berger  and  McCormick;  300  acres  belonged  first  to  Caspar  Weaver,  now  owned 
by  Eichelberger  heirs,  Eichelberger  &Musser;  256  acres  originally  belonged  to 
Col.  John  Armstrong,  now  to  Hummel' s  estate  and  E.  Wormley  (they 
formed  the  present  site  of  Wormleysburg) ;  227  acres  belonged  originally  to 
James  Wilson,  and  227  acres  to  Eobert  Whitehill. 

Tobias  Hendricks  had  charge  of  Louther  manor,  and  lived  on  it,  in  what  is 
now  East  Pennsborough.  He  was  the  son  of  Tobias  Hendricks,  of  Donegal, 
and  hence  their  names  have  been  confounded.  He  came  into  the  valley  at  a 
very  early  period,  possibly  prior  to  1725.  In  a  letter  to  John  Harris,  bearing 
date  May  13,  1727,  he  speaks  of  his  father  as  "at  Donegal,"  requesting  Mr. 
Harris  to  forward  a  letter  to  him.  He  also  alludes  to  "  a  trader ' '  at  the  Potomac, 
of  whom  he  bought  skins,  and  of  ' '  the  grate  numbers  coming  this  side  of  ye 
Sasquahannah. ' '  The  valley  was  then  being  rapidly  settled,  for  at  this  period 
the  Scotch-Irish  immigration  had  begun. 

From  another  source  we  learn  of  the  Hendricks  family,  as  follows: 
"Scarcely,"  says  the  writer,  " had  the  echoes  of  the  thundering  at  Lexing- 
ton, on  the  19th  of  April,  1775,  ceased  reverberating,  ere  the  brave  sons  of  the 
valley,  under  the  gallant  Hendricks,  were  on  the  march  to  the  relief  of  the  be- 
leagured  city  of  Boston.  Capt.  William  Hendricks  was  the  grandson  of  Tobias 
Hendricks,  an  Indian  trader,  and  possibly  the  first  actual  white  settler  in  the 
valley,  who  located  at  what  is  now  known  as  Oyster' s  Point,  two  miles  west  of 
Harrisburg.  Here  Tobias  Hendricks  died  in  November,  1739,  leaving  a  wife, 
Catherine,  and  children,  Henry,  Bebecca,  Tobias,  David,  Peter,  Abraham  and 
Isaac.  William  Hendricks  was  probably  the  son  of  Henry,  who  retained  the 
' '  old  place ' '  where  our  hero  was  born.  The  company  of  Capt.  Hendricks  was 
raised  in  about  ten  days,  and  as  soon  as  orders  were  received  was  on  the  march, 
reaching  camp  the  first  week  in  August,  1776.  When  the  expedition  against 
Quebec  was  decided  upon,  the  company  of  Capt.  Hendricks,  of  Pennsborough, 
was  one  which  was  detached  from  Col.  Thompson' s  battalion  of  riflemen,  and 
ordered  to  "go  upon  the  command  with  Col.  Arnold,"  better  remembered  now 
as  Gen.  Benedict  Arnold.  Capt.  Hendricks  Jell  in  front  of  Quebec,  and  his 
remains  were  interred  in  the  same  inclosure  with  those  of  the  lamented  Gen. 
Montgomery.  Many  of  those  who  went  never  returned.  Some  were  killed 
and  others  were  disabled  by  the  severe  exposure  of  that  winter' s  march  through 
the  wilderness  of  Maine. 

No.  17,  213  acres.  First  belonged  to  Eobert  Whitehill ;  afterward  to  Dr. 
Joseph  Craine  and  Joseph  Sadler. 

No.  18,  311  acres.  Belonged  first  to  Philip  Kimmel;  now  by  numerous 
parties,  and  is  the  present  site  of  the  north  part  of  Camp  Hill. 

No.  19,  267  acres.      First  owner,  Andrew  Kreutzer. 

No.  20,  281  acres.      First  owner,  David  Moore. 

Nos.  21  and  22,  536  acres.      First  owner,  Edmund  Physick. 

No.  23,  282  acres.      First  owner,  also  Edmund  Physick. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  names  of  the  original  settlers  on  Paxton,  or  Lou- 
ther, manor:  Capt.  John  Stewart,  John  Boggs,  Moses  Wallace,  John  Wilson, 
John  Mish,  Bichard  Bodgers,  Conrad  Benninger,  Caspar  Weaver,  William 
Brooks,  Samuel  Wallace,  Christopher  Gramlich,  James  McCurdy,  Isaac  Hen- 
drix,  Eobert  Whitehill,  Philip  Kimmel,  Andrew  Kreutzer,  David  Moore,  Ed- 
mund Physick,  Kev.  William  Thompson,  Alexander  Young,  Jonas  Seely,  Jacob 
Miller. 

Lands  lying  west  of  this  had  been  settled  still  earlier  than  this  manor, 
which  had  been  reserved  by  the  Proprietary  Government  as  a  special  reserva- 


BAST    PBNNSBOROl  'ill     TOWNSHIP.  271 

tion  (or  fhe  Indiana  John  Ham-  had  boughl  from  the  Perms,  at  an  earl; 
date,  seven  or  eight  hundred  acree  of  land  on  the  weal  Bide  of  the  Susquehan 
iia  River,  and  just  north  of  the  <  aet  Creek, which  included  the  preseni 

site  of  West  Fairview.      fn  L746  Michael  I  ■  had  purchased  135  acres 

from  the  Penna,  lying  aorth,  in  the  great  bend  of  the  creek  North  of  this 
tract  an  forma,  al  the  western  boundarj  of  which  is  Holtze's   Run, 

a  small  Btream  which  rises  at  the  base  of  the  Blue  Mountains,  and  falls  into 
the  Conodoguinel  Creek  a  abort  distance  below,  where  Holtze's  mill  once 
Btood  . 

To  the  aorth  of  the  township,  wheiv  tln<  chain  of  the  mountains  is  l< 
by  the  broad  river,  whose  brighl  waters  arc  studded  with  green  islands,  the 
scene  is  of  surpassing  beauty,  and  were  it  aot  for  the  many  furnace-,  and  forges 
along  the  river,  which  arc  marked  by  "a  pillar  dt  cloud  by  day,  and  of  fire  by 
night,"  we  might  almost  expect  to  sec  some  painted  savage  emerge  upon  its 
water-  in  his  bark  canoe.  For  there  were  Indian  villages  here  in  these  lower 
parts  of  the  county,  which  are  still  traditionally  remembered;  "on  the  banks 
of  the  Susquehanna,  Yellow  Beeches,  Conodoguinel  and  other  places." 
••  There  was  an  Indian  town,"  Bays  Rupp,  "opposite  Harris's. 
another  at  the  mouth  of  the  Conodoguinel  Creek,  two  miles  above."* 

There  arc  few  families  of  t  lie  original  Scotch  Irish  settlers  left.  Four- fifths  of 
the  inhabitants  of  the  town-hip  to  day  are  of  German  descent.  Among  them 
we  find,  asearly  as  1761,  such  name-  as  Renninger,  Kunckle,  Bucher,  East, 
Herman.  Kimmel,  Brandt,  Kreutzer,  S1m.IV.  Couut.  Unit',  Schneble  and  Kis 
eoker,  all  of  which  are  familial-  name-  at  the  present  day. 

among  the  prominent   citizens  of    East    Pennsborough  Township  maybe 

mentioned   ...  i.  ...     Bigler,   of    Pennsylvania,   and   his   brother,   John   Bigler, 

once  Governor  of  California.     Both  of  them  spent  their  i...,!..,.d  in  this  town 

ship,  and  their   father   kept   for  many   years  what  was   known  as  the  "Yellow 

:i."  which  has  since  been  converted  into  a  private  dwelling. 


The  villages   in   the   town-hip   are  West   Fairview,  "Wormloysburg,   White 
bill  and  Bridgeport. 

Fairview,  now  .-ailed  "West  Fairview,"  was  laid  out  by  Abraham  Neidig, 
Esq.,  in  1815.  It  is  pleasantly  situated  at  the  spot  where  the  Conodoguinet 
Creek  flows  into  the  Susquehanna  River.  It  has  more  than  300  houses,  four 
schools,  three  churches,  one  hotel,  and  an  extensive  rolling-mill  and  nail  fac- 
tory, now  owned  l>y  the  heirs  of  James  McCormick  I  deceased),  which  gives 
employment  to  many  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  town.  In  1700  to  L720  the  In 
dians  had  a  village  here.  West  Fairview  Lodge,  No.  612,  I.  0.  0.  J''.,  at  this 
place  has  a  membership  of  about  fourteen. 

Wormleyaburg  was  laid  out  by  John  Wormley,  Esq.,  after  whom  it  is 
name  1.  in  the  fall  of  L815.  It  contains  about  forty  dwellings,  two  schools  and 
two  churches.  For  years  it  was  the  center  of  a  largo  lumber  trade.  The 
principal  dwellings  were  erected  by  the  proprietor  and  his  sons.  Mr.  Worm- 
lev  was  for  many  year-  the  proprietor  of  the  ferry  which  I. ear-  Ids  name,  and 
which  still  st 

Whitehill  is  a  post  village  on  the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad,  ..no  mile 

anna  River,  and  is  called  aftei  Hon  Robert  Whitehill,  the 

original  owner  of  the  land  upon  which  the  town  is  built.      After  purchasing 

these  lands  from  the  J'  he  erected,  in  1771,  the  first  st  one  house 

•Se«  Ru|pj  History,  p.  352. 


278  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

built  in  the  manor  of  Louther.  At  this  time  there  were  but  few_houses  in  it. 
He  was  elected  a  member  to  the  convention  in  Philadelphia  in  1776,  in  which 
the  Declaration  of  Independence  was  approved  by  Congress,  and  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  convention  which  adopted  the  old  constitution  of  Pennsylvania. 
For  years  he  served  as  a  representative  of  the  people  of  Cumberland  County, 
both  in  the  State  and  in  the  National  halls  of  legislation. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

The  postoffices  in  East  Pennsborough  Township  are  West  Fairview, 
Wormsleysburg  and  Camp  Hill.  The  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad  crosses 
the  southern  portion  of  the  township  from  east  to  west 


BOROUGH  OF  CAMP  HILL. 

Camp  Hill  is  beautifully  situated  on  the  higher  grounds  just  north  of  the 
Cumberland  Valley  Railroad,  two  miles  west  of  the  Susquehanna  River.  It 
is  noted  as  the  place  where  Tobias  Hendricks  had  an  Indian  reservation  as 
early  as  1750.  Four  people  were  killed  by  the  Indians  near  this  place  in  July, 
1757.  From  1851  to  1867  the  town  was  known  as  White  Hall,  from  an 
academy  of  that  name;  but  since  1867,  when  a  postomce  was  established  at 
this  place,  it  has  been  known  by  its  present  name.  The  "  Soldier's  Orphan 
School  "  is  at  this  place.  The  town  was  organized  as  a  borough  in  September, 
1885. 

CHDKCH    AND    CEMETERY. 

The  first  church  erected  in  this  lower  portion  of  the  county,  about  one  mile 
north  of  Camp  Hill,  was  a  log  one,  erected  in  about  1765.  It  was  two 
stories  high,  the  lower  portion  being  used  as  a  school  and  residence  of  the 
teacher,  and  the  upper  story  for  religious  worship.  The  old  church  was  re- 
moved, and  the  present  one,  known  as  the  Poplar  Church,  erected.  There  is 
an  old  grave-yard  connected  with  the  churqh,  with  partly  obliterated  inscrip- 
tions dating  back  to  1789. 


CHAPTER  XXIII. 

FRANKFORD  TOWNSHIP. 

FRANKFORD  TOWNSHIP,  originally  included  in  West  Pennsborough, 
was  formed  in  1795.  It  lies  in  the  northwestern  portion  of  the  coun- 
ty, bounded  on  the  north  by  the  North  Mountains,  east  by  North  Middleton, 
south  by  West  Pennsborough,  and  on  the  west  by  Mifflin  Township.  The 
Conadoguinet  Creek  forms  the  line  of  its  boundary  on  the  south,  and  the 
whole  land  of  the  township  is  intersected  with  small  streams.  The  soil  is  of 
a  slate  and  gravely  character,  but  under  improved  methods  of  cultivation  it 
produces  good  crops  of  cereals  and  fruit  in  abundance.  The  earliest  settlers 
were  principally  Scotch-Irish.  Among  them  were  Aliens,  Armstrongs,  Bells, 
Benders,  Butlers,  Browns,  Dillers,  Douglases,  Ernsts,  Espys,  Galbreaths, 
Goods,  Gillespies,  Gettyses,  Hayses,  Leckeys,  Logans,  Lutzes,  Lairds,  McCom- 


FRANKFORD  TOWNSHIP.  279 

m,„is.    M  Niakeys,    Powers,   Sharps,    Stonere,    Woods,    Wagners  and 

Wards.  Of  these  onl]  the  names  of  Douglas,  Bays  and  Logan  occur  in  the 
ta\  li-t  of  Wesl  Pennsborough  (whioh  then  included  Frankford)  in  L750. 
Butler  and  Brown  and  Woods  occur  in  the  list  for  L762.  When  the  Germans 
in  Frankford  is  aol  known,  but  ii  was  probably  as  early  as  the 
formation  of  the  township. 

'.i   n  i  i;    i  \M1I.Y. 

g  the  names  which  we  have  mentioned  (man]    of  which  are  not  now 
represented  inthe  township  or  county),  there  is  one  family  of  National  fame, 

worth}   of    especial  mention.     Tb and    Eleanor,   his  wife,   ''mi 

grated  from  the  North  of  Ireland  in  L740,  and  settled  firs!  in  Noil.  County, 
subsequently  removing  to  a  tract  of  land  "  adjoining  ye  Blue  Mountains,  in 
West  Pennsborough,  now  Frankford  Township,  Cumberland  County.  Eere 
Thomas  Butler  died  in  -Inly.  1791,  ami  little  more  is  known  of  Inn.  Bave  that 
if  a  remarkable  familj  of  -on,.  For  our  accounl  of  them, 
whioh  follows,  we  are  indebted  to  an  article  on  "The  Butlers  of  the  Cumber- 
galley,"  by  Rev.  J.  A.  Murray,  of  Carlisle,  published  in  the  fired  uum 
ber  of  the  Historical  Register. 

There  were  five  -on-,  all  of  whom  so  Cavorably  distinguished  themselves  in 

the  American  Revolution  that   afterward  Gen.    Washington   r gnized  them 

lers,  a  gallant  band  of  patriot  brothers."  They  were  gen 
crally  called  the  '"  fighting  Butlers."  Thej  claimed  to  be  of  noble  blood,  ami 
traced  then  I  lie  bouse  of  ( >rmond 

These  five  sons  of  Thomas  Butler  were  Richard,  horn  April  1.  1  <  V-',  fell 
in  battle  November  4.17'.U  •.  William,  born  in  January,  L745,  died  Maj  16,  1  789; 
Thomas,  bom  Ma\  28,  IT  is.  died  September  ..  1805;  Pierce  (sometimes  Per 
oival),  bom  April  6,  L760,  died  September  9,  1821;  Edward  born  March  20, 
L762,  died  May  6,  L803.    There  was  also  a  daughter,  Eleanor,  born  about  1754 

Richard  Butler's  first  military  experience  was  as  an  ensign  of  ('apt.  James 
j .  First  Pennsylvania  Battalion,  in  Col.  Bouquet's  expedition 
,,f  i7ii|.       At   the  beginning  of  the   Revolution  he  entered  the  Pennsylvania 
lane  as  major  of  the  Eighth  Regiment;  was  promoted  lieutenant- colonel  March 
12,  1777.  and  was  b  Lto  lieutenant  colon, -1  of  Morgan's  rifle  command 

.Tunc  '.i.  1777.  whom  la-  afterward  succeeded.  Ho  was  esteemed  bj  Gen. 
Washington  and  Gen.  Wayne  as  one  of  the  ablest  parti/an  officers  of  the  Rev- 
olution ami  most  familarwith  Indian  life  and  affairs.  Ho  was  also,  it 
familiar  with  a  number  of  their  dialects,  and  was  requested  by  the  commander 
tocompile  a  vocabulary.  He  was  sent  with  his  rifle  command  to  protecl  the 
flank  ami  rear  of  date's  from  the  Indians  under  Brandt,  and  .after  fighting suc- 

ber,  1  1 17)  was  ordered  back  to  head- 
quarters. He  foughl  at  Monmouth,  was  assigned  as  colonel  of  the  Ninth 
Pennsylvania,  with  which  regiment  he  took  a  prominent  part  in  the  capture  of 
-  St.  Clair  (in  a  letter  to  Reed,  Julj  25,1779)  'my 
friend  t'ol.  Butler  commanded  one  of  the  attacks  and  distinguished  himself." 
Afterthe  revoltofthe  Pennsylvania  Line,  the  Ninth  Regiment  generally  re- 
enlisted  under  their  old  colonel  in  tin'  Fifth  Pennsylvania,  who  commanded 
in  the  campaign  under  Gen.  Wayne  in  the  South.  In  October  following,  in 
view  of  Col.  Butler's  valuable  services  prior  to  ami  tit  the  capture  of  York 
town,  he  was  honorably  designated  to   plant  our  flag  upon  the   liritish  works 

it  Onnond,  wo  the  first  at 
was  coul.-rrct      Lord  Dul  consider 

■ 

Butlei    us  a  delegate  to  the  Constitutional  Convention  in  1787)  in  McMasl 
United  - 


280  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

after  the  surrender  of  Lord  Cornwallis.  He  detailed  for  this  purpose  his  en- 
sign, Maj.  Ebenezer  Denny,  from  Carlisle,  but  Baron  Steuben  unexpectedly 
appropriated  this  honor,  for  which  reason  Butler  "sent  the  arrogant  foreigner 
a  message,  as  every  one  expected,  and  it  took  all  the  influence  of  Rochambeau 
and  Washington  to  prevent  a  hostile  meeting." 

"On  apian  of  Carlisle,  made  in  1764,  the  Butler  home  is  then  and  there 
indicated  as  being  on  Lot  61  West  Main  Street,  north  side,  and  third  lot  from 
Pitt  Street."  In  1789  Col.  Butler  removed  to  Pittsburgh,  and  much  of  his 
career  follows.  The  first  hotel  and  a  street,  at  an  early  period  in  that  city, 
were  named  after  him,  as  were  also  the  county  and  town  of  Butler,  in  Penn- 
sylvania. 

He  was  prominent  in  securing  the  formation  of  Allegheny  County;  was 
appointed  to  various  positions;  was  commissioned  one  of  the  justices  of  the 
court  of  common  pleas  of  Allegheny  County  November,  1788,  resigned  1790, 
having  been  elected  to  the  Assembly.  He  was  commissioned  (October,  1788) 
with  Col.  John  Gibson  (father  of  John  Bannister  Gibson,  Chief  Justice  of 
Pennsylvania)  to  purchase  Indian  claims  to  the  triangle  on  Lake  Erie.  He 
was  appointed,  after  the  failure  of  Gen.  Harmer's  expedition,  major-general, 
and  second  in  command  (under  Gen.  St.  Clair),  and  fell,  when  that  army  was 
defeated  on  the  Miami,  in  the  very  bloody  battle  fought  against  the  allied  In- 
dians under  Brandt,  on  the  4th  of  November,  1791.  Two  of  his  brothers, 
Cols.  Thomas  and  Edward  Butler  were  also  in  this  disastrous  battle,  and  the 
first  was  severely  wounded.  "After  Gen.  Butler,"  says  Dr.  William  Denny, 
in  his  memoir  of  his  father,  Maj.  Ebenezer  Denny,  "had  received  his  first 
wound,  he  continued  to  walk  in  front,  close  along  the  line,  with  his  coat  off 
and  his  arm  in  a  sling,  encouraging  the  men,  and  retired  only  after  receiving 
a  second  wound  in  the  side.  The  Commander-in-chief  sent  Maj.  Denny  with 
his  compliments  to  inquire  how  he  was,  He  found  him  in  the  middle  of  the 
camp  in  a  sitting  posture,  supported  by  knapsacks;  the  rifle  balls  of  the  In- 
dians, who  now  surrounded  closely  the  whole  camp,  concentrated  upon  that 
point'  One  of  the  wounded  General's  servants  and  two  horses  were  shot  here. 
He  seemed,  however,  to  have  no  anxiety,  anfi  to  the  inquiry  of  the  aid-de- 
camp he  answered  that  he  felt  well.  Whilst  making  this  reply,  a  young  cadet 
from  Virginia,  who  stood  by  his  side,  was  hit  on  the  cap  of  the  knee  by  a 
spent  ball,  and  cried  so  loudly  with  the  pain  and  alarm  that  Gen.  Butler  ac- 
tually shook  his  wounded  side  with  laughter.  This  satisfied  Maj.  Denny 
that  'the  second  wound  was  not  mortal-that  the  General  being  very  fleshy 
the  ball  might  not  have  penetrated  a  vital  part.  He  always  believed  that  he 
might  have  been  brought  away  and  his  life  saved.  Probably  his  own  aid-de- 
camp, Maj.  John  Morgan,  may  have  offered  to  bring  him  off,  as  was  his  duty, 
and  the  wounded  General  declined,  conscious  that  his  weight  and  helplessness 
would  only  encumber  his  brave  young  friend  for  no  use,  and  hinder  him  from 
savino-  himself. "  "  About  the  time  to  which  reference  is  here  made, ' '  says  Dr. 
Murray,  "it  is  reliably  stated  that  the  youngest  brother,  Capt.  Edward  But- 
ler, removed  the  General  from  the  field  and  placed  him  near  the  road  by  which 
he '  knew  the  army  must  retreat,  and  on  returning  to  the  field  found  his  other 
brother,  Maj.  Thomas  Butler,  shot  through  both  legs.  He  then  removed 
him  to  the  side  of  the  General,  who,  learning  that  the  army  was  in  retreat, 
insisted  on  being  left  alone,  as  he  was  mortally  wounded,  and  that  he  should 
endeavor  to  save  their  wounded  brother.  He  consequently  placed  Thomas 
on  an  artillery  horse,  captured  from  a  retreating  soldier,  and  taking  a  sad  leave 
of  their  gallant  and  noble  brother  '  they  left  him  in  his  glory. '  ' 

A  letter  from  Edward  Butler  to  his  brother  Pierce,  who  had  moved  to  the 


II;  LNKFOKD   TOWNSHIP.  281 

South,  dated  Fori    Wash  November    II.  L791,    says:     "Yesterdaj     l 

arrived    here  with   otur  worth]    brother,  Major    Dhomaa    Butler,  who 
wounded,  he  having  one  leg  broken,  &  shot  thro'  the  oilier.      *      *      *       II" 
haa  borne  the  hard  fortune  of  thai  daj  with  the  Boldierly  fortitude  yon  might 

haveez] bed  from  ao  brave  a  man.      We  lefi    the  worthieal  of  brothers,  Gen 

Richard  Butler  in  the  hands  of  the  savages,  bui  bo  nearly  dead  thai  1  hope  he 
was  aoi  sensible  of  any  cruelty  they  mighi  willingly  wreak  upon  him."  Chief 
Justice  Hugh  II.  Braokenridge,  who  speni  the  last  years  of  his  life  in  Carlisle, 
where  he  died  and  was  buried,  wrote  on  Gen    Wayne,  in  which  the 

name  of  Butler  occurs: 

"The  birth  of  Bome  great  man  or  death 
britj  i"  spots  of  earth; 
We  -  i\  thai  M.mi. -  kl in  fell  on  Abraham's  plains-. 

-  :  111    Mi  imi  '■  ink  . 

Ami  that  the  promontory  of  Sigeum 
11  i    aVchilles'  tomb 
Richard    Butler's    will,  dated   September   29,  L785,  is   recorded   in 
.  page  251, ai  Carlisle,  and  as  it  is  curious  and  interesting  we  will  quote 
evidently  written  in  haste  and  before  some  dan- 
gerous  expedition.     It  begins: 

••  It  being  proper  tot  all  men  to  consider  the  interest  of  their  familii  s,  and  to  do  jus- 

II  people  with  whom  they  have  bad  dealings,  which  can  ae\  i  so  much 

advantage  to  I  b  ted  as  when  men  are  in  health  and  out  of  bodily  pain    - 

which  I  thank  God  in  my  pn  Pherefore,  in  the  name  of  the  great    God  of 

heaven  creator  of  th  i  fore  whom  I  believe  all  men  will  he  judged  for  their 

in  this  life,  I,   Richard   Butler,  being  in  perfect  health  and  senses,  think    it    my 

i  ar  from  my  family  and  into  - i  degree  of  danger  more  I 

my  happy  and  peaceful  home)  to  make  some  arrangi  ment  of  my  worldly 
■  and  desire  may  take  place  in  ease  of  my  death,  which  1  hope  for  the  sake 
of  uiv  fa  bity  God  will  avert." 

The  will  speaks  of  his  "much  loved  and  honored  wife Marj   Butler"  and 
children  William  and  Mary.     An  inventory  attached  to   the  will  shows  his  es- 
tate  to  have  consisted  of  a    house  and    loi    in    Carlisle,  furniture,  plate,  etc.; 
if  land  in    Westmoreland  county,   adjoining   land  of  late    Col.  George 
Croghan;  trac  uenj   River,  below  and  adjoining  land  of  Col.' Croghan; 

tract  on  Pluml  sluding  the  large  forks  of  Plumb  Creek, etc. ;    two  lots 

in  town  of  Pittsburgh,  adjoining  the  lots  of  William  Butler;  two  lots  in  the 
town  of  Appley,  on  the  Allegheny  River.near  the  old  Cittanning:  "  One  thou- 
sand  acres  of  land,being  a  donation  of  theStateof  Pennsylvania,  and  Bis  hun 
dred  acre-  of  land,  a  donation  of  the  United  States  in  Congress — these  dona- 
tdons  are  f or  mj  services  as  a  Colonel  in  the  United  States;  "  various  notes, 
etc.  The  testator  wishes  his  executors  to  construe  the  will  "in  the  mosi  na 
tural  construction  of  the  expressions,  as  1  well  know  the  writing  is  not  donoin 
the  most  methodical  way,  or  form,  not  having  time  even  to  copy  or  correct  it." 
The  executors  were  his  wife  -Mary,  his  brother  William,  his  "respected  friend 
Thomas  Smith,  Esq.,  attorney  at  law,  Carlisle,  and  my  friend  John  Montgom- 
ery"; date  September  29,  1785. 

Col.  William  Butler,    - >ud  son  of  Thomas,  was  born  in  York  County; 

during  the  Revolution  as  Lieutenant  colonel  of  the   Fourth  Regiment 
l  .  but  acted  as  colonel,  as  the  colonel  of  thai  regimenl 

C  on  parole. 

Col.  Thomas  Butler  was  born  (day  28,  1748,  in  Wesi  Pennsborough,  now 
Prankford  Town-hip.  Cumberland  County.  Ee  was  an  eminently  brave  sol- 
dier In  1776  he  was  studying  law  with  .lame,  Wilson,  one  of  the  signers  of 
theDe  isle      He  entered  the  war  as  first  lieutenant  of  the  Sec- 

ond Pennsylvania  Battalion,  under  Gen.  St.  Clair.   January    5,   I  i  76;  became 


282  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

captain  in  the  Third  Regiment  in  the  line;  fought  in  almost  every  battle  in 
the  Middle  States,  retiring  from  service  January  1,  1781.  At  Brandywine 
(September  11,  1777)  he  received  the  thanks  of  the  Commander-in  chief  on  the 
field  of  battle  for  his  intrepid  conduct  in  rallying  a  detachment  of  retreating 
troops,  giving  the  enemy  a  severe  fire.  At  Monmouth  he  received  the  thanks 
of  Wayne  for  defending  a  defile  in  the  face  of  a  heavy  fire,  while  his  brother's, 
Col.  Richard  Butler's,  regiment  made  good  their  retreat.  After  the  war  he 
returned  to  his  farm,  but  left  it  in  1791  to  fight  the  Indians  on  the  frontier. 
He  commanded  a  battalion  in  the  disastrous  battle  of  the  4th  of  November,  in 
which  his  eldest  brother  fell.  Though  his  own  leg  had  been  broken  by  a  ball, 
yet,  on  horseback,  he  led  his  battalion  to  the  charge.  He  was  subsequently 
promoted  as  major  (1792)  and  as  lieutenant-colonel  (1794);  was  in  command  of 
Fort  Fayette  (Pittsburgh)  during  the  whiskey  insurrection;  was  sent  to  Ten- 
nessee, 1797,  to  dispossess  intruders  on  unpurchased  lands  and  treat  with  In- 
dians. 

"Col.  Butler,"  says  Dr.  Murray,  "  was  subsequently  quite  well  known  for 
disobeying  the  order  to  cut  off  queues,  the  amusing  history  of  which  may  be 
here  stated.  The  Butlers  were  the  stanch  friends  of  Washington  and  his 
school,  and  not  very  partial  to  Wilkinson  and  his  clique.  The  famous  mili- 
tary order  to  cut  off  queues,  issued  by  Wilkinson,  was  chiefly  designed  for  Col. 
Thomas  Butler,  whose  queue  was  dressed  and  head  powdered  (even  during  a 
campaign)  before  reveille.  When  the  order  reached  the  command,  where  it 
was  especially  intended,  the  subordinate  officers,  who  generally  wore  the  of- 
fensive appendage,  called  upon  Col.  Butler  to  get  his  advice  and  opinion  for 
their  guidance ;  and  to  the  question  '  What  must  we  do  ? '  he  replied:  'Young 
gentlemen,  you  must  obey  orders. '  And  when  asked  if  he  designed  cutting 
off  his  queue,  answered :  '  The  Almighty  gave  me  my  hair,  and  no  earthly 
power  shall  deprive  me  of  it.'  For  this  he  was  twice  tried  by  court  martial; 
first  mildly  reprimanded,  and  secondly  suspended  for  one  year,  but  before  the 
sentence  was  pronounced  he  was  gathered  to  his  fathers  (died  at  New  Orleans 
September  7,  1805).  And  this  gallant,  sturdy,  veteran  son  of  Cumberland 
County  died  and  was  buried  with  his  beloved  queue."  The  most  interesting 
fact  is  to  come.  The  facts  which  we  have  briefly  mentioned  were  ' '  worked  up 
with  great  humor  by  Washington  Irving,  in  'Knickerbocker's  History, '  Gen. 
Wilkinson  being  the  original  Von  Puffenburgh,  and  Keldermeester  (master  of  the 
cellar)  being  a  Dutch  translation  of  Butler. ' '  The  passage  in  Irving  is  as 
follows:  "The  eel-skin  queue  of  old  Keldermeester,"  recounts  Diedrich,  "be- 
came instantly  an  affair  of  the  utmost  importance.  The  Commander-in-chief 
was  too  enlightened  an  officer  not  to  perceive  that  the  discipline  of  the  garri- 
son, the  subordination  and  good  order  of  the  armies  of  the  Nieuw  Nederlands, 
the  consequent  safety  of  the  whole  province,  and  ultimately  the  dignity  and  pros- 
perity of  their  High  Mightinesses,  the  Lords  States  General,  imperiously  de- 
manded the  docking  of  that  stubborn  queue.  He  decreed,  therefore,  that  old 
Keldermeester  should  be  publicly  shorn  of  his  glories  in  presence  of  the  whole 
garrison;  the  old  man  as  resolutely  stood  on  the  defensive,  whereupon  he  was 
arrested  and  tried  by  a  court-martial  for  mutiny,  desertion,  and  all  the  other 
list  of  offenses  noticed  in  the  articles  of  war,  ending  with  a  '  videlicet,  in  wear- 
ing an  eel-skin  queue  three  feet  long,  contrary  to  orders.'  Then  came  on 
arraignments  and  trials  and  pleadings,  and  the  whole  garrison  was  in  a  fer- 
ment about  this  unfortunate  queue.  As  it  is  well  known  that  the  commander 
of  a  frontier  post  has  the  power  of  acting  pretty  much  after  his  own  will,  there 
is  little  doubt  but  that  the  veteran  would  have  been  hanged  or  shot,  at  least, 
had  he  not  luckily  fallen  ill  of  a  fever  through  mere  chagrin  and  mortification, 


/fe~^Cr?     PO/OlJZc^ 


PRANtFOBD   TOWN8H1P. 


285 


and  deserted  from  all  earthlj  I  with  his  beloved  locks  onviolated      Be 

obstdnateh  remained  unshaken  to  the  rery  lasl  moment,  when  he  directed 
he  should  be  can  ritfa  his  eel  skin  queue  of  a  hole 

in  his  coffin." 

The  will  of  Ool.   Thomas  Butler,    filed  in  the  records  of    the  count; 
dated  September  20,    L787.     It   begins     'I,  Thomas   Butler,  of  West    Penns 

borough  Township,  in  the  county  of  Cumberland  and  Sta I    Pennsylvania, 

It    bequeathes   to   his    loving  son,    Richard    Butler,    and 
.,..  and   to  his   loving   son.    \\  illiam    Butler,  *op 

arty;  to  his    wifi  -    1"-   personal   property,    with    excepted  legacies; 

to 'his  daughter,  ondred  pounds,    •'now  in  the  hands  oi  my 

son  Edward  Butler,"  also  fifty  pounds,  "no*  in  the  hands  of  my  son, 
Pierce  Butler."  Uso  to  said  Eleanor  Butler  all  claims  of  cow  cattle  at  the 
i  in  the  barn,  and  her  riding  horse,  also  five  pounds  a  year  while  Bhe 
remains  Bingle.  To  my  "loving  and  worthj  son,  Capt.  Thoma  Butler, 
all    „,.,  e    in    Wesl    Pennsborough,    [now    Frankford]    Township, 

countyof  Cumberland,  etc.     To  loving  wife,  Eleanor,  twentj    pounds  yearly. 
.:t.  Pierce  Butler,  the  sum  of  one  hundred  ai   I  five 

pounds.     To  Ed  I   r  the  sum  of  one  hundred  and  seventy-five  pounds. 

and  Bons,  Thomas  and  Edward,  executors. 
Col.  Pierce  Butler  was  born  April  6,  L760,  in   West    Pennsborough  (now 
oship,  Cumberland  County.      Be  served  in  the  Pennsylvania 
Lino  of  th.<   Revolution;  was   with   Morgan  at  Saratoga  and  at  siege  of  York- 
town  and  other  engagements.      Ee  moved  from  Cumberland  Conn!;,,  after  the 
war-  to  thi  Ee  was  adjutant-general  in  the  war  of  1812.      Ee  was  the 

father  of    William   Orlando    Butler,    who    su< led    Gen.    \\  infield   Scott   in 

Mexico,  and  ran  for  Vice-President  (Democratic  ticket)  in  L848. 

Mr.  McMaster,  in  his  "Historj  of  the  People  of  the  United  State-."  thus 
mentions  ricve  Butler,  in  Bpeaking  of  the  delegates  to  the  convention  in 
17s;  ■  biother  Irishman,  Pierce  Butler,  was  in  the  South  Carolina  delega- 
tion.    Butler  v.  as  a  man  of  ability,  and  had  attained  to  son minence  in  his 

state:  hut  no  distinction  was  to  him  so  much  a  matter  of  pride  as  his  blood, 
for  he  boasted  thai  he  could  trace  unbroken  descent  to  the  great  family  of 
Qnnond";and  in  a  note  he  adds:  "Butler  was  often  twitted  in  the  lampoons 
of  late  years  with  noble  descent.  As  one  of  the  ten  delegates  who  voted 
against  Jay's  treaty,  he  is  described  as 

"Pierce  Butler  next,  a  man  of  sterling  worth, 
rase  In'  justly  claims  a  noble  birth."* 

Col.  Edward  Butler,  youngest  son  of  Thomas,  was  born  (  Mai 
L762)  on  the  homestead  in  Wesl  Pennsborough,  now  Frankford  Township, 
iberland  County.  Ee  Berved  as  a  valiant  soldier  in  several  regiments  of 
-vlvania  Line.  In  the  operations  on  the  Miami,  he  was  adjutant 
general  under  Wayne.  Ee  died  in  Tennessee  in  L803.  Ee  was  the  father  of 
Edward  Q.  Washington  Butler,  of  the  .Mexican  war,  who  -till  lives,  vener- 
able m  years  (aged  now,  1886,  eightj  in  L  uisiana,  and  who  married  the 
dan  .  iwrenoe  Lewi-  and  Eleanor  Parke  Custis,  of  Virginia,  then  the 
nearest  living  relative  both  of  tie,,,  and  Mrs.  Washington  her  father  being 
the -on  of  Fielding  Lewi-  and  Elizabeth  Washington,  the  General's  onlj 
Bister;  and  the  mother  being  the  daughter  of  Mrs.  Washington's  only  son, 
John  Park  i  and  of  Jnlia  Calvert,  granddaughter  of  Lord  Baltimore. 
Such  was  one  of  the  distinguished  families,  whose  firs!  American  home  was 
under  the  shadow  of  the  North  Mountains,  in  the  county  of  Cumberland. 

•Ttao  Democratiad— A  poem.    Phl)adel]>l" 


286  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 


There  is  only  one  village  in  the  township,  Bloserville,  called,  like  so  many 
of  the  smaller  towns  of  the  valley,  from  a  family  who  owned  the  land  upon 
which  it  is  built.  The  first  house  was  erected  at  Bloserville  in  1847.  There 
is  a  postoffice  here. 


CHAPTER  XXIV. 

HAMPDEN  TOWNSHIP. 

HAMPDEN  TOWNSHIP  was  formed  from  East  Pennsborough  Township 
in  1845.  It  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  the  mountains  which  form  the 
dividing  line  between  Cumberland  and  Perry  Counties;  on  the  east  by  East 
Pennsborough  Township;  on  the  south  by  Upper  and  Lower  Allen  Townships, 
and  on  the  west  by  Silver  Spring  Township. 

The  soil  is  well  adapted  for  agriculture,  and  large  crops  of  wheat  and  other 
cereals  are  raised  annually.  The  Conodoguinet  Creek  here  winds  with  more 
than  its  usual  serpentine  curvatures,  from  the  center,  but  extending  into  the 
southern  portion  of  the  township,  the  land  to  the  south  being  of  the  usual 
limestone  formation,  while  that  to  the  north  is  black,  sandy  loam  land  near  the 
creek,  and  red  slate  farther  away.  Hampden  Township  lying  near  the  Susque- 
hanna River,  was  one  of  the  first  portions  of  the  north  valley  into  which  white 
settlers  began,  about  1730  or  1731,  to  push  their  way.  These  were  at  first 
Scotch-Irish,  and  later  Germans. 

They  began  settling  in  that  portion  of  the  township  north  of  the  Conodo- 
guinet, and  also  south  of  the  creek  and  west  of  the  road  leading  from  the 
Conodoguinet  to  the  Yellow  Breeches,  past  "  Frieden's  Kirche  "  and  immedi- 
ately below  Shiremanstown.  The  portion  east  had  been  reserved  as  a  proprie- 
tory manor,  and  upon  it,  at  this  period,  the  whites  were  not  allowed  to  take 
up  land.  The  part  west  of  the  above  road  was  called  the  "  barrens,"  because 
it  was  poorly  timbered. 

Among  the  earliest  of  the  Scotch-Irish  settlers  were  two  brothers,  John  and 
William  Orr,  who  went  from  Scotland  into  Ireland  and  came  from  Parish  Cal- 
ade,  County  Antrim,  Ireland,  and  settled  in  Hampden  Township  on  the  north 
side  of  the  creek,  as  early  as  1743.  The  north  side  was  the  only  side  of  the 
creek  that  then  had  timber — fine  large  trees,  consisting  of  hickory,  white  oak, 
black  oak,  walnut,  poplar,  beech,  buttonwood,  locust,  swamp  oak,  chestnut 
and  other  varieties.  *  There  were  plenty  of  fish  in  the  stream — plenty  of  shad 
and  a  great  deal  of  game  on  the  north  side  of  the  creek,  because  it  was  wood- 
land, while  on  the  south  side  it  was  low,  marshy  land  and  brush.  There  were 
deer  on  the  south  side.  As  late  as  1785  there  were  plenty  of  shad, and  parties 
would  come  to  catch  them  with  seines.  The  Youngs  were  also  early  settlers 
and  lived  in  the  next  bend  above  the  creek.  Other  names  will  be  given  when 
we  speak  of  the  lots  of  the  Louther  (then  Paxton)  Manor. 

One  of  the  earliest,  evidently,  of  the  German  settlers  in  this  township  waB 
Jonas  ftupp.  After  having  come  from  the  fatherland,  and,  in  order  to  be- 
come a  "denizen,"  taken  the  prescribed  oath — among  other  things,    "of   hav- 

*Some  sixty  or  seventy  years  ago,  says  the  writer's  informant,  "  Mr.  James  Orr,"  there  were  thirty-three 
varieties  of  timber,  large  and  small,  on  "  the  Orr  farms." 


HAMPDEN    TOWNSHIP. 


287 


in*  taken  the  Lord' b  Supper  within  three  months  before  holding ;of !th art.''* 

,„:.   RaP1  ''  mortal,  p.  35)     be  removed  firsl  to  Lebanon  and 

then  into  Cumberland  County.  , 

The  pen  p  •  earlj  aitting  we  prefertogive  m  the  bnguage  of 

one  of  his  descendants:     "Thetimeof  bisremoval"    says  L  D-Buppmhu 

bi -aphioal  sketch,  "hadoome.  On  a  bright  suunj  mo/?^:*°M^S  ™°J™ 

orderly  and  slowlj  from  the  happj  tome,  around  which  oboeteredhaUowed 
memories,  to  be,  for  a  while,  oasl  among  strands  beyond  the  big  Uiver. 
The  firs!    place  where  they  halted  was  at  the  newly  bud  ..,.t    I  Medorioktown 

(HummelBl ,  nine  miles  east  from  Harris'   Perry,  to  partake  of  provisio 

and  to  bait  the  horses  and  stock  The  sameday,  jus!  befor e. nightfall,  they 
reached  Harris'  Ferrv.  so  named  after  John  Hani..  «  1...  settled  here  about  1718 
and  171-.'  Here  they  tarried  for  the  night.  Early  the  next  morning  they 
forded  the  broad  Susquehanna  -for  the  water  of  the  stream  at  this  season  of 
the  year  was  shallow.  Onward  they  went,  five  miles  westward,  when  they 
reached,  at  high  12,  the  new  home." 

..proyidenc  is  theoriginal  recorded  name  of  the  tract  or  parcel  of 

land  which  Jonas  Rupp  purchased  from  George  Thawley.     Part  of  this  tract 

was  taken  ap  by  \\  LUiam  McMeans,  Jr.,  D aber  LO,    1  i  12,  and  part  thereof 

May  13  lT-W  "  M.-Means  sold.  October  1.  1 70S,  '21  1  acres  to  George  Thaw- 
W,  who  Bold  thesame,   in  the  fall  of   1772.   to  Jonas  Rupp,  for  E40U 

•   „The  Lm,  iated  of  b   log  oabin,   a  mere  apology  for  a  log 

bam.  and  nfteen  acres  of  cleared  land,  principally  inclosed  with  a  brush  fence 
and  Baplinss.  ,     ,   1C ,  •  ■      « 

In  the  spring  of  177:',  Rnpp  erected  a  house  one  story  and  a  half  high,  of 
hewn  logs,  dose  to  a  well  which  be  had  sunk.  This  house  is  s  ill  standing. 
In  t)l  ten  years  LOO  acres  were  cleared  and  "his  farm,     says  Ins  de+ 

1;iI„. ..  vva.  roished  from  those  of  his  Scotch-Irish  neighbors,    f 

MILLS,     BRIDGES,    ETC. 

Aloncr  the  winding  courses  of  the  Conodoguinet  Creek  there  are  a  number 
of  flour  and  grist  mills  in  the  township.  The  first  is  Bryson  s,  situated  in 
the  extreme  western  portion  of  the  township.  It  is  on  the  south  side  of  the 
creek  and  is  supplied  with  water  by  the  Silver  Spring,  whichhere  empties  into 
the  Conodoguinet.  It  occupies  the  site  of  what  was  formerly  known  as  bnggs 
mill  •  •  Further  down,  almost  in  the  center  of  the  township,  on  the  north  side  and 
at  the  1,,-™^,!  the  great  bend  of  the  creek,  is  the  Good  K-.p-;  mill,  now 
owned  bv  .1.  !',  Lindeman.  It  wa-  built  l.>  Jonas  Rupp  about  L820  Across 
the  creek  from  this  mill  John  Whisler  built  a  woolen  factory,  winch  is  still 
standing,  and  which  was  once  connected  with  an  oil-mill.  At  an  early  date  it 
8eem~  to  I  e   habit  of  every  householder  living  in  the  country  to 

..a  patch  of  flax,   and  oil  seems  to  have  been  one  of  the  early  products  of 

this  Bection.  ,, .  ,  .  . 

Three  bridges  cross  the  Conodoguinet  Creek  in  tins  township;  one  at 
Eberlv'-  (built  about  1842),  one  at  Lindeman's  (built  1823),  and  one  in  the 
southern  section  of  the  second  bend,  built,  principally,  by  James  Orr  in  18^4 
and  1835.     This  latter  is  known  idge. 

the  ram  ujs. 
The  Indians  had  a  numb  a  of  villages  in  this  lower  portion  of  the  county 
They  had  a  number  o  on  the  banks  of  the  Conodoguinet  Creek,  north 

«Th(i  certificate  of  theoath  above  atlu  I  ...        ...  ,„,  „  lh„,    .» 


288  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

of  the  turnpike  three  miles  from  the  Susquehanna,  on  lands  now  owned,  or 
lately  owned  by  Albright,  Rupp,  Merkel.  John  Shoop  and  others.  There 
were  also  several  cabins  half  a  mile  north  of  Frieden'  s  Kirche,  in  Hampden 
Township.  ' '  An  aged  aunt ' '  says  Rupp  (History,  page  352)  ' '  late  of  Hamp- 
den Township,  informed  me  that  she  remembered  well  the  evacuated  Indian 
huts  north  of  Frieden' s  Kirch,  and  those  at  Ruby's."  The  Indians  had  a  path, 
crossing  the  Conodoguinet,  near  those  wigwams  toward  Yellow  Breeches. 

PAXTON  MANOR  IN  HAMPDEN. 

A  small  portion  of  the  manor  of  Paxton  was  embraced  in  Hampden  Town- 
ship. This,  extending  from  the  road  past  Frieden' s  Kirche,  and  between  the 
two  creeks  to  the  Susquehanna,  was  reserved  by  the  Proprietary  government 
as  a  special  reservation  for  the  Indians,  and  consequently  was  not  so  soon  set- 
led  by  the  whites  as  the  adjoining  lands.  Of  the  twenty-eight  lots  or  parcels 
of  lots  into  which  it  was  divided,  some  few  fell  in  Hampden  Township.  These 
were: 

Lot  No.  23,  called  Westmoreland,  containing  282  acres,  36  perches 
and  allowance,  a  warrant  for  which  was  issued  to  Edmund  Physick  dated 
December  10,  1767;  patent  August  15,  1768;  afterward  owned  in  whole  or 
parts  by  Hershberger,  Funk,  Nichols,  Bollinger.  Rupp.  Ruby,  Shopp,  and 
lately  by  Albright,  Rupp,  Meckel,  Shopp  and  others.  The  Indian  wigwams 
' '  three  miles  from  the  Susquehanna, ' '  above  alluded  to,  were  on  this  tract. 

Lot  No.  24,  287  acres:  Rev.  William  Thompson,  Daniel  Sherbahn,  John 
Sherbahn;  lately  William  Stephen,  Samuel  Eberly  and  others.  The  cabins 
"  half  a  mile  north  of  Frieden' s  Kirche,"  above  alluded  to,  were  on  this  tract. 

Lot  No.  25,  150  acres:  Alexander  Young,  Robert  Young,  late  Dr.  Robert 
G.  Young. 

Lot  No.  26,  209i  acres:  for  this  tract,  called  "Manington,"  a  warrant 
dated  17th  of  May,  1767,  was  granted  to  Jonas  Seely,  who  conveyed, in  Decem- 
ber, the  same  year,  to  Conrad  Maneschmidt,  to  whom  a  patent  was  issued  Aug- 
ust 15,  1774.  Maneschmidt  and  wife  conveyed,  September  20,  1774,  a 
portion  of  this  tract  to  TJlrick  Shopp,  and  it  is  still  owned  by  his  descendants. 

Outside  of  the  portion  of  the  township  which  was  embraced  in  this  manor, 
John  Wisler  owned  a  large  tract  on  the  south  side  and  within  the  first  bend 
of  the  creek.  About  half  a  mile  farther  down  and  on  the  north  bank  was  the 
residence  of  Daniel  Basehore,  who  settled  thereabout  1791,  on  what  was  then 
known  as  the  Rye  Gate  Tract.  It  was  while  attempting  to  rob  Mr.  Basehore' s 
house  that  Lewis,  the  robber,  was  taken  prisoner,  and  lodged  in  the  Carlisle 
jail.  South  of  this  Rye  Gate  tract  there  was  another  tract  called  "Steyning, " 
containing  1S7  acres,  which  was  surveyed  to  James  McConnell  by  warrant 
January  15,  1763 — for  which  a  patent  deed  was  issued  January  16,  1808, 
to  Jonas  Rupp,  which  was  afterward  owned  by  David  Rupp,  Sherbahn,  Early, 
and  (now)  the  Erbs. 

CHURCHES. 

Frieden' s  Kirche.  — The  history  of  the  old  stone  ch  urch  known  as  "  Frieden's 
Kirche"  is  as  follows:  A  German  Reformed  congregation  had  been  organized  in 
the  lower  part  of  the  county,  and,  in  1797,  they  agreed  to  build  the  house 
(now  occupied  exclusively  as  a  schoolhouse)  for  the  purpose  of  holding  their 
religious  meetings,  and  for  school  purposes  until  another  structure  should  be 
built.  This  house  was  built  of  logs,  with  one  portion  designed  for  the  teach- 
er's residence.  In  this  same  year  (May  26,  1797),  the  congregation  purchased 
land  connected  with  the  schoolhouses  from  Henry  Snively  and  Nicholas  Kreut- 
zer;  and,  in   1798,  the  stone  church  was  erected  under  the   supervision  of  a 


HAMPDEN    TOWNSHIP. 


289 


building  committee,    consisting   of   Frederick   Lang,  JonaB    Rnpp,   Leonard 
Bwartz,  and  Be\    Anthony  Eautz,  then  Btationedat  Carlisle  and  Trindle  Spring, 
derson  were  the  buildei 
Iheran  and  German   Reformed  Congregation  had  been  organized  in 
ITsT  or  1788,  who  had  a  log  house  tor  public  worship  in  Louther  Manor,  m'v 
miles  northeast  of  Frieden'a  Kirohe,  known  a-  "Poplar  Church,"  socalled 
because  it  stood  i  of  loftj  poplar  trees.     In  .May.  L806,  this  oongre 

,  ,,  the  payment  of  £405  IT..  8d.  (being  one  half  or  the  oobI  of  Fried 
|  building  of  Bchoolhouse,  and  inclosing  the  grave  jrard),  became 
lidated  with  the  G  ormed  congregation  of  Frieden's  Kirche.    At 

thistime  the  following  persons  constituted  the  veBtrj  of  the  congregatio 
German  Reformed     Frederick  Lang,  Jonas  Rnpp,  Frederick  Schweitzer,  Chris- 
tian  Swiler,    Henrj    Manessmith    and    Martin    Rnpp;  Nicholas 
K,-,.,,,                  Wormley,  Christoph  Eichelberger,  indrew  Shnely,  Christofel 
Grand;                     1  Scherban. 

April  20,  L812,  the  joint  congregations  purchase  1  live  arms  more  on  which 
thr  present  dwelling  I-  pious  to  the  church  Btands.      In  L830 another 

small  parcel  of  ground  was  purchased  to  enlarge  the  grave-yard       In    1864 
aboul  two  more  acrea  were  purchased  from  Thomas  Oyster  for  the  Bame  p 

St.  John's  Evangelical  Lutheran   Church.     In   1865  tin-  Lutherans  pur- 
ed  from  the  German  Reformed  congregation  their  interest  in  a  portion  of 
ground  aear  t Ij.. ■  old  church,   and  commenced  tic  erection  of  a  new  hrick  build- 
er which  .f  "St.  John's  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church,"  was 
completed  and  dedicated  July  2,  1866.     June  23,  of  this  year,  the  (ieruian 

rogation  held  then-  lasl  omunion  service  in  the  old  church, 

which  -till  stan.i  ing  withstood  the  stoma  of  nearly  ninety  years,   in 

a  good  state  of  preservation.     It  is  used  for  a  Sunday  Bchool,  and  oo 

for  funeral  services,  hut  it  is  now  chiefly  valuable  a-  an  antique  relic  of  the 

The  other  churches  in  the  township  are  the  Sal. 'in  Church;  Methodist,  on 
tl„.  |  id  one-half  miles  north  of  Mechanicsburg,  erected  in 

1825;  the  <, I  Hop..  Church  (Church  of  God  denomination),  erected  in  L843; 

and  the  Mount  Zion  Church,  on  the  State  road  leading  from  the  river  to  Ster- 
ritt' -  Gap,  about  four  miles  from  West  Fairview.  which  is  a  largo  frame 
building  elected  and  dedicated  in  L857. 

HAM  1 

Then  in  the  township.     One  is  called  Good  Hope. 

which  consists  Of  a  feu   dwelling  houses,  a  wagon  and  blacksmith  -hop.  a  -lore. 

which  has  been  kept  there  for  sixty  years,  and  a  postoffice— the  only  one  in 
the  town-hip     established  about   thirty  three  years  ago.     Sporting  Hill  is  a 

duster  of  less  than  a  dozen  houses,  one  of  which  was  formerly  a  -tore,  and 
another  a  hotel  I;  ab  ui  live  and  a  half  miles  wesl  of  Earrisburg,  on  the 
turnpike  i  "  During  the   French   and    Indian   ti 

says  Rupp,  "a  man  was  ah  ■■'  "''■•     Several  pe: 

met  on  public  business  at  Mr.  Wood's,  late  John  Everly's;  one  of  the  com- 
pany went  down  toward  McMean'a  (Kreutzer's)  Bpring,  where  he  wasshot  and 

scalped. 

Ml-'   ' 

:-    well  Bupplied  with  g 1  scl 1  buildings,  live  in  number,  and 

with  numerous  good  roads  in   every   portion  of  the   township.      The  old 
these  date  as  follows:  From  Harris   Ferry   westward,  Novemh.r.   1  .:'.  I:  from 


290  HISTORY   OF  CUMBERLAND   COUNTY. 

Hoge's  Spring  to  the  Susquehanna  River,  October,  1759;  from  Trindle  Spring 
to  Kelso's  Ferry,  January,  1792. 

The  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad  runs  along  the  southern  border  of  the 
township,  dividing  it  from  Upper  Allen  and  Lower  Allen  Townships. 


CHAPTER    XXV. 

HOPEWELL   TOWNSHIP  AND  BOROUGH  OF  NEWBURG. 

rpHE  township  of  Hopewell,  a  twin  sister  of  Pennsborough.  was  formed  in 
_L  1735.  These  were  then  the  only  two  townships  in  the  North  Valley,  and 
this  county  was  still  a  portion  of  Lancaster.  They  were  divided  by  a  line 
crossing  at  the  "  Great  Spring,"  now  Newville.  Hopewell  included  then  not 
only  the  corner  of  Cumberland,  but  most  all  of  what  is  now  Franklin  County. 
Later  (1741)  this  township  of  Hopewell  was  divided  by  a  line  "beginning  at 
the  North  Hill,  at  Benjamin  Moor's;  thence  to  Widow  Hewres'  and  Samuel 
Jamison's,  and  on  a  straight  line  to  the  South  Hill,"  and  it  was  ordered  that 
' '  the  western  division  be  called  Antrim,  and  the  eastern,  Hopewell. ' '  The  ter- 
ritory of  Antrim  was  nearly  or  altogether  coincident  with  what  was  afterward 
the  county  of  Franklin.  Hopewell  was  gradually  reduced  to  its  present  limits 
by  the  formation  of  Southampton,  on  the  south,  in  1791,  and  Mifflin,  on  the 
east,  in  1797. 

The  land  in  the  township  is  of  a  rolling  character,  of  slate  or  dark  slate 
formation,  and,  since  lime  has  been  freely  used  as  a  fertilizer,  has  become  quite 
productive.  The  Conodoguinet  Creek  runs  in  a  northeasterly  direction  through 
the  southern  portion  of  the  township. 

EARLY    SETTLEMENT. 

The  early  "settlers  of  this  upper  portion  of  the  county  are  invariably  the 
Scotch  or  Irish,  or  the  admixture  of  both,  who,  becoming  dissatisfied  and 
moved  by  the  spirit  of  adventure,  like  Homer' s  heroes,  passed 

"The  shadowy  mountains  and  the  roaring  sea" 
to  found  themselves  new  homes  in  the,  then,  almost  unknown  recesses  of  this 
North  Valley. 

"  Roll  back  the  shadows  of  the  crowning  years, 

And,  lo  !  a  sylvan  paradise  appears  ! 

As  bright  and  bounding  then  as  now  thy  flow, 

Fair  Susquehanna,  ever  murmuring  low. 

But  where  the  farm  land  basks,  wliere  busy  town 

Beneath  its  guardian  spires  has  nestled  down, 

Stood  darkling  forests,  then  of  sturdy  oak. 

Tall  pine  and  poplar,  echoing  to  the  stroke 

Of  men  by  fever  of  adventure  moved, 

Or  dream' of  gain,  to  leave  the  fields  they  loved, 

And  witli  fond  wives  and  prattling  children  roam 

Far  to  these  wilds  to  build  anew  a  home." 

As  early  as  1731  settlements  were  made  along  the  Conodoguinet,  within 
the  limits  of  what  is  now  Hopewell  Township.  There  is  good  evidence  that, 
as  early  as  1738,  this  section  of  the  valley  between  Shippensburg  and  the 
North  Mountain  was  as  thickly  settled  as  almost  any  other  portion  of  it.  * 

*The  number  of  freeholders  in  Hopewell  in  1751  was  134. 


HOPEW  i.i.i.   TOW  N8HIP. 


291 


"There  is  a  well  authenticated  tradition,"   Bays  Rev.  S.   B.    Wylie,  in  hia 
address  al   the   "historioa]  exercises"    al    Middle  Spring  Church,    in    1876, 

'•handed'down  in  the  Johnson  tamilj  of  church,  thai  John  Johnson, 

grandfather  i  ohnson,  with  his  wife  behind  him,  rode  fri 

,.  an.l  one-half  miles  above  Shippensburg,  along  a  oarro*  bridle 
path  through  almost  continuous  forest,  passed  the  former  residence  oi  Wen 
,1,,!  Fogies,  ■  I  Middle  Spring  al  the  dilapidated  Creamer  Mill,  and 

attended   preaching  in  the  woods  in  the  vicinity  of  this  church  years  before 
there  was  anj  house  erected;  and  we  knovi  the  find   meeting-house  was  I 

in  1788."  ,     . 

Q rgeCroghan,  the  celebrated  Indian  interpreter,  owned  a  Large  tract  ol 

land  in  Hopewell  Township,  a  little  north  of  Shippensburg.  On  or  before 
L780  one  of  the  Chambers  brothers  (Robert),  settledal  Middle  Spring.  It  is  a 
matter  of  historj  thai  the  first  land  taken  apinthis  valleyunder  the  "  Blun  ton 
license"  was  bj  Benjamin  Purley,  and  afterward  occupied  bj  the  Herrons, 
MoCombsand  [rwins,  a  large  tracl  lying  on  the  Conodoguinei  Creek  in  the 
bborhood  of  Orrstown.  In  evidence  of  the  earlj  settlement  of  this  vicin 
ity,  al  the  house  of  W  idow  Piper  in  Shippensburg,  as  early  as  1  735,  a  number 
of  persons  from  along  the  Conodoguinei  and  Middle  Spring  met  to  remonstrate 
against  the  road  which  was  then  being  made  from  the  Susquehanna  bo  the 
Potomac,  passing  through  the  barrens,  bul  wanted  it  to  be  made  through  the 
doguinel  settlement,  which  was  more  thickly  inhabited.  This  indicates 
that  at  this  time  a  aumber  of  people  lived  in  this  vicinity.  Someof  these,  who 
ore  the  year  1738,  were  Robert  Chambers.  Eerrons,  McCombs 
,M..,  oombs)  roungs  (three  families),  McNutts  (three  families),  Mahans  (three 
families),  Sootts,  Sterritts,  Pipers;  soon  after  the  Brady  family,  the  McCunes, 
Wherrys,  Mitchells,  Strains,  Morrows  and  others.  It  was  such  pioneers  as 
these  who.  with  their  children,  made  Shippensburg  the  most  prominent  town 
of  this  valley,  prior  to  the  year  I  750. '  Here,  in  this  northwestern  portion  of 
the  county,  settled,  priori.",  this  time,  besides  the  names  which  we  have  men- 
tioned. theQuigleys,  Laughline,  Nesbitts  (Allen,  John,  and -John,  Jr. ),  Hannas. 
Brad\-,  Martins,  and,  if  not  so  early,  soon  after,  the  Jacks,  Hendersons  and 
Hemphills.  Many  of  these  families  were  represented  afterward  in  the  Re 
lotion,  and  after  defending  the  frontier  againsi  a  savage  enemy,  they  turned  to 
defend  their  country  against  a  foreign  foe.  It  may  seem  almost  incredible,  but 
it  is  known  to  be  a  fact,  that  of  the  members  or  adherents  of  the  Middle  Spring 
Church  (now  in  Southampton,  but  then  in  Hopewell  Township)  there  were  five 
colonels/one  major  (Jane-  Berron),  fifteen  captains  and  twenty-eight  privates. 
Their  patriotic  pastor,  Robert  Cooper,  surcharged  with  patriotism,  prea 
earnestly  for  the  cause,  and  then,  like  steel.  King  and  Craighead,  went  as  a 
chaplain  to  the  field  of  actual  conflict.  (His  commission  is  dated  December 
24,  1776.)  He  acted  as  a  soldier,  bore  arms,  marched  and  countermarched 
through  the  Jerseys  on  foot  so  long  as  he  was  able,  and  stood  in  the  line  of 
battle  with  the  men  at  Trenton."  Among  the  officers  in  the  number  to  w  bicb 
we  have  alluded  were  Col.  Benjamin  Blythe,  who  lived  at  the  head  of  Middle 
Spring,  and  was  a  noted  Indian  and  Revolutionary  soldier:  Col.  Robert  Pee 
hies,  who  lived  on  th  ownedbj  'leu.  David  Middlecoff;  Col.  James 

Dunlap,  who  lived   near  Newburg.      Among  those  also  were   Capt.    Mathew 
Henderson,  Capt.  William  Strain.  Capt.  Joseph  Brady,  Cap!    Roberi  Quigley, 

and  Capt  Charles  I per,  killed  at  the  battle  of  Crooked  Billet,  Maj    1  i  78. 

The  Rev.  Dr.  Cooper,  to  whom  we  have  alluded   lived  on  and  owned  the 
farm  a  short  distance  south  of  Newburg  now  owned  by  David  Foglesonger. 

•Bee  BeT.  S.  Wylie's  historical  discourse  (1876)  »t  Middle  Spring. 


292  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

This  farm  he  purchased  of  John  Trimble  on  the  7th  of  June,  1776.  It  con- 
tained about  207  acres.  The  stone  end  of  the  house,  adjacent  to  the  road, 
was  built  for  him,  it  is  said,  by  the  congregation.  Col.  (then  captain)  Peebles 
marched  with  one  of  the  earliest  companies  which  was  mustered  into  the  field. 
It  was  in  the  battle  of  Long  Island,  August  27,  when  a  portion  was  captured, 
and  the  remainder  fought  at  Princeton,  Trenton  and  White  Plains.  On  his 
return  from  the  war  Col.  Peebles  resided  on  Peeble's  Run  near  Newburg. 

The  Brady 8. — Among  the  earlier  settlers  in  this  township  was  one,  some  of 
whose  descendants  were  destined  to  become  of  historic  interest.  This  was  Hugh 
Brady,  who  emigrated  from  the  North  of  Ireland  about  the  year  1730,  and 
settled  first  in  the  State  of  Delaware,  but  soon  after  in  Cumberland  County, 
on  the  banks  of  the  Conodoguinet  Creek,  within  five  miles  of  where  Shippens- 
burg  now  stands.  *  At  this  time  the  county  was  settled  only  by  a  few  Scotch 
and  Irish  emigrants,  simple,  religious  and  sincere.  Here  he  raised  a  family 
of  nine  children:  John,  Joseph,  Samuel,  Hugh,  William,  Ebenezer  and  James; 
and  daughters,  Margaret  and  Mary. 

Of  these,  John  was  the  father  of  Capt.  Samuel  and  Gen.  Hugh  Brady. 
He  was  born  in  Delaware  in  1733, but  came  with  his  father  when  they  founded 
their  home  in  Cumberland  County.  In  the  quiet  preceding  the  storm  of  the 
French  and  Indian  war  he  followed  the  usual  vocation  of  frontier  life,  the 
primeval  forest  yearly  bowing  to  the  settler's  ax.  John  and  his  brother  Hugh, 
we  are  told,  studied  surveying.  His  personal  appearance  has  come  down  to  us 
by  tradition;  he  was  six  feet  high,  well-formed,  had  coal  black  hair,  hazel  eyes 
and  was  of  rather  dark  complexion. 

About  the  year  1755  he  married  Mary  Quigley,  of  Hopewell  Township, 
also  of  that  Scotch-Irish  extraction  whose  ancestors  had  read  their  Bibles  by 
the  camp  fires  of  Cromwell's  army,  and,  in  the  year  1756  his  eldest  son,  the 
celebrated  Indian  fighter,  Capt.  Samuel  Brady,  was  born  in  Shippensburg  in 
the  midst  of  the  tempestuous  waves  of  trouble  that  rolled  in  upon  the  settle- 
ments of  this  valley  in  the  wake  of   Braddock's  defeat. 

During  this  critical  period  John  Brady  was  very  active  against  the  Indians, 
and,  as  a  reward  for  his  services,  was  appointed  a  captain  in  the  provincial 
lines,  which,  at  that  time,  was  a  mark  of  no  small  distinction.  In  the  Penn- 
sylvania Gazette  of  April  5,  1761,  there  is  an  account  of  the  Indian  depreda- 
tions in  the  Carlisle  region  on  the  20th,  21st  and  22d  of  March,  "killing  peo- 
ple, burning  houses,  and  making  captives;"  adding,  ' '  Capts.  Piper  and  Brady, 
with  their  companies,  did  all  that  lay  in  their  power  to  protect  the  inhabitants. 
No  man  can  go  to  sleep  within  ten  or  fifteen  miles  of  the  border  without  being 
in  danger  of  having  his  house  burned  and  himself  or  family  scalped  or  led  into 
captivity  before  the  next  morning.  The  people  along  the  North  Mountain  are 
moving  farther  in,  especially  about  Shippensburg,  which  is  crowded  with  fam- 
ilies of  that  neighborhood. ' '  John  Brady' s  life  was  eventful.  He  served,  as 
we  have  seen,  in  the  French  and  Indian  war;  went  as  a  private  with  Col.  Arm- 
strong from  Cumberland  County  in  his  expedition  against  Kittanning;  was 
commissioned  July  19,  1763,  as  captain  of  the  Second  Battalion  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania Regiment;  fought  in  the  Revolution;  was  commissioned  (October  12, 
1776,)  one  of  the  captains  of  the  Twelfth  Regiment;  was  wounded  at  Brandy- 
wine  (where  his  sons,  Samuel  and  John,)  the  latter  only  sixteen,  who  was 
wounded,  fought  by  his  side)  and,  after  leaving  this  county,  he  became  one  of 
the  most  prominent  pioneers  and  defenders  of  the  West  Branch  Valley. 

When  he  left  Shippensburg  he  located  himself  at  the  Standing  Stone,  a 

♦From  a  letter  written  by  a  descendant  we  learn:  ' 
Whistler,  adjoining  the  estate  of  the  Smith  heirs  on  the 


( 


■# 


~v 


1 


rfo -Csu-tS1^-^ 


HOPEWELL  TOWNSHIP. 

celebrated  Indian  town  at  the  confluence  of  Standing  Stone  Creek  and  the 
Juniata  River.     The  present  town  of  Buntingdon  Btanda  in  pari  on  the  site  of 

Standing  Stone      Pi thence  he  removed  to  the  west  branch  of  the  Susque 

hanna  River,  opposite  the  spot  on  which    I  or  Derrstown,  in   Union 

County,  Btands.      B  I  d  near   Munoy,  where  he  erected,  in  the  spring 

of  177b.  the  semi  fortified  residi  rward  as   "Fori  Brady,"  near 

whioh  plaoe  he  was  shot  from  In-  borsi ■  ami  killed  bj  the  Indians  on  April  11, 
1779,  a  centenarj  oelebration  of  whioh  event  was  held  at  Munoy  in  L879,  at 
which  time  a  monument  was  erected  to  bis  memory. 

Samnel  Brady,  better  known  as  "Capt.  Sam,"  whose  name  is  familiar 

in  history  and   in  fiction  as  an   inveterate  Indian  killer  and   captain  of  the 

"rangers"  or  spies,  was  born  in  Shippensburg  in  17~>b.  and  was  the  ohlc  I  of 

the  five  aes,  John,  Gen.  Hugh  and  Robert  Quigly  Brady)  of  Capt. 

I  tradj .  wb  >va  we  ha\ at  ioned. 

II,'  entered  the  Revolutionary  Army  at  the  age  of  twenty;  was  in  the  sur- 
prise at  l'a.'H.  where  he  narrowly  escaped  being  taken  prisoner;  fought  at 
Monmouth,  and  in  1 7  7 '.  i .  at  the  age  of  twenty  two,  was  promoted  to  a  captaincy 
by  brevet.*  He  was  afterward  ordered  to  join  the  command  of  Gen.  Broad- 
head  and  to  march  to  Port  Pitt,  where  he  remained  until  the  army  was  aban- 
doned. In  177s  his  brother  James  was  cruelly  murdered  and  scalped  by  the 
Indians,  and  after  this  he  began  a  career  which,  interwoven  as  it  is 

with  fiction,  is  certainly  one  of  the  most  remarkable  which  can  be  found  any- 
where in  the  annals  of  Indian  warfare.  On  the  Susquehanna,  the  West 
Branch.  Beaver's  Creek,  the  Ohio  and  Alleghany,  out  as  far  as  Sandusky 
(where  he  was  sent  with  despatches  by  Gen.  Broadhead),  the  stories  of  his 
adventures,  bravery  and  hair  breadth  escapes  were  told.t  Says  one  (John 
Blair  Linn.  Esq.,)  "  When  border  tales  have  lost  their  charm  for  the  evening 
hour,  or  win  n  be  historic   page  the  glorious  record  of 

Ivania  in  the  Revolution  of   177b,  then,  and  then  only,  will  Capt.  Sam- 
uel Brady  of  the  rangers  be  forgotten 

Capt.  Samuel   Brady,  the  so  ad  County,  is  emphatically  the 

hero  of  western  Pennsylvania,  around  whom  the  concealment  of  romance  has 
most  been  woven.  The  fact  that  Ins  father  and  brother  /who  is  described  as  a 
handsome  and  noble  man)  were  both  killed  by  the  Indians,  and  that  he  is  said 
to  have  -worn  eternal  enmitj  i  tern,  has  given  rise  to  a   popular  but 

i-  idea  of  bis  character.     He  has  be, mi Lsidered  as  a  devoted  Indian 

killer,  reckless  of  all  sympathy  and  destitute  of  all  humanity,  whereas  he  was 
■manly,  fine-looking  man.  "  p  I  b  noble  heart  and  intellect  of  a 

high  order."  As  Gen.  Eugb  Brady,  his  brother,  said  of  him,  "  Never  was  there 
a  man  "and   t'eu  rendered  her  more  important 

service.  Active,  vigilant,  cool  in  the  midst  of  danger,  with  deliberate  courage 
and  capacity  for  physical  endurance,  knowing  all  the  wiles  of  Indian  warfare, 
he  followed  .and  watched   them  until   his  m  a    terror  to  his  foes,  but 

a  comfort    to  thos i  the  defenseless  frontier  who  were  in  danger  of  their 

depredations.      If  he  was  vengeful,  which  is  doubtful,  he  had  can 

;  ■  iot   and  a  protector  to  the  unprotected. 

In  appearance  he  was  five  feet,  eleven  and  three-quarters  inches  in  hoight, 
with  a  perfect  form,  lithe  ami  active;  somewhat  reticent  in  conversation,  lbs 
walk  was  peculiar,  agile;  his  step  light;  his  form  erect,  as  was  always  bis 
posture  in  sitting,  he  -at    upright.      His  face  was  handsome,  his  manner  quiet, 

•The  party  from  whom  the  writer  obtained 

r  History  of  the  West  Branch  Valley,  by  .1    K.  Meglneaa,  or  the  chapters  relating  to 
him  in  •■  ItorJer  Life." 


296  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

and  in  speaking  or  turning  he  moved  his  head  less  than  his  eyes.  His  manner 
and  conversation,  as  it  has  come  down  to  the  living  from  one  who  knew  him, 
was,  in  their  language,  ' '  that  of  as  fine  a  gentleman  as  I  ever  met. 

Of  his  brother,  Gen.  Hugh  Brady,  as  he  was  but  a  descendant  of  a  pioneer 
of  Cumberland,  we  have  naught  to  say,  except  that  he  was  an  educated  kind- 
hearted  gentleman  and  lion-hearted  officer,  who  fought  under  the  "mad"  Wayne, 
and  of  whom  his  friend  and  admirer,  Gen.  Winfield  Scott,  said,  "God^  never 
made  a  better  man  or  a  better  soldier. ' '  The  lines  from  the  poem  of  Rev.  George 
Duffield,  of  Carlisle,  written  on  the  occasion  of  his  death,  might  apply  equal- 
ly to  others  of  the  family  we  have  mentioned: 

"And  manly  eyes  may  weep  to-day 

As  sinks  the  patriot  to  his  rest; 
The  nation  held  no  truer  heart 
Than  that  which  beat  in  Brady's  breast." 

Hugh  Brady,  one  of  the  seven  sons  of  Hugh  Brady  the  elder,  who  emi- 
gratedlrom  Ireland,  married  Jean  Young,  whose  father  and  mother  lived  on 
and  owned  the  plantation  lately  owned  by  the  heirs  of  Alexander  Kelso.  They 
had  nine  children,  one  of  whom,  Hannah  Brady,  married  Samuel  McCune  and 
another,  Rebecca,  married  his  brother  Hugh  McCune.  Both  had  large  fami- 
lies. James  the  eldest  child  of  Samuel  and  Hannah  (Brady)  McCune,  mar- 
ried John  Sharpe,  a  son  of  Alexander  Sharpe  of  Green  Spring,  members  of 
an  early  and  one  of  the  most  prominent  families  of  that  portion  of  the  town- 
ship now  embraced  within  the  bounds  of  Newton.  Two  of  the  sons,  James  and 
Joseph,  settled  in  Northumberland  County.  The  former  was  an  eminent  citi- 
zen of  Greensburg,  represented  the  county  in  the  State  Senate  and  was  at  one 
time  secretary  of  the  commonwealth. 

From  a  letter  written  some  few  years  ago  we  learn  that  Moses  Hemphill 
bought  the  two  farms  of  the  Bradys  on  the  Conodoguinet  Creek.  ' '  These 
farms  were  bounded  as  follows:  On  the  north  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Cooper,  at  the 
present  time  by  D.  Foglesonger;  on  the  east  by  the  Owens,  at  present  by  J. 
Filer  and  the  Chamberlains;  on  the  south  by  the  Conodoguinet  Creek  and  the 
Duncans;  and  on  the  west  by  Hendersons.  The  mansion  farm  of  the  Bradys 
is  now  owned  by  John  Clippinger,  and  the  Hugh  (son  of  Hugh  Brady,  the  orig- 
inal settler)  Brady  farm  adjoining  is  now  owned  by  Benjamin  Newcomer. 
The  farm  owned  by  James  Brady  is  now  owned  by  Moses  Hemphill."  There 
are  none  now  of  this  family  remaining  in  the  county,  but  we  have  thought  it 
well  to  preserve  this  record  of  a  family  whose  sons  were  worthy  of  their  sires. 

HOPEWELL    ACADEMY. 

A  classical  school,  known  as  "Hopewell  Academy,"  was  founded  by  the 
learned  and  genial  John  Cooper  (son  of  Rev.  Robert  Cooper,  D.  D. ,  of  the 
Middle  Spring  Church),  about  the  year  1810,  "which,  notwithstanding,"  says 
Dr.  Alfred  Nevin,  "the  barren  hill  on  which  it  stood,  and  its  secluded  sur- 
roundings, sent  forth  many  from  its  unpretending  portals  to  act  well  their 
part."  The  academy  stood  near  Newburg.  Its  founder,  who  was  also  its  only 
teacher,  was  a  graduate  of  Dickinson  College  under  Dr.  Nesbitt.  The  name 
of  the  school  was  derived  from  the  township  in  which  it  was  located.  The  fur- 
niture consisted  of  a  stove  (manufactured  by  Peter  Ege  at  the  Pine  Grove  Fur- 
nace) a  table,  professor's  chair  and  benches.  It  stood  about  150  feet  in  the 
rear  and  to  the  east  of  the  mansion  house  of  the  farm  on  which  it  was  located. 
The  road  from  Shippensburg  to  Newburg  at  that  time  ran  directly  by  the  aca- 
demy building.  The  logs  of  the  structure  were  used  in  the  erection  of  a  house 
near  the  spot  on  which  the  plain,  substantial  building  so  long  stood. 


BOPKWBIX  TOWN8HIP  297 

The  Btudente  of  this  aoademj  oaine,  manj  of  them,  from  a  distant 
others  from  the  more  immediate  vioinitj  of  the  Bohool. 

Some  cam.'  from  Carlisle,  others  from  Shippenaburgor  Newville 

more  distanl  points.     Some,  within  a  reasonable  distance,  oai laily  to  the 

sohool  i  Chis  "academy,"  like  the  mnoh  earlier  "  log  college  " 

in  Buck's  Count),  or  the  Academy  of  Blair,  (founded  bj  Rev.  John  Blair,  after 
ward  pastoral  Middle  Spring)  at  Fagg's  Manor,  was  the  lasl  of  these  onpre 
tentious  schools  which  helped  to  lift  the  standard  of  education  and  sent  men 
out  into  the  world  whose  career  afterward  reflected  honor  upon  these  nests 
where  they  were  fledged 

Among  the  students  of  Bopewell  Academy,  to  prove  that  we  have  made  no 
tst,  were  such  names  as  Alexander  Sharpe,  D  D.,  a  prominent  Presb] 
terian  divine;  Rev.  John  Kennedy,  at  one  time  professor  of  mathematios  and 
natural  sciences  at  Jefferson  College;  John  W.  MoCullough,  D.  D..;  the  three 
William^,, n  I'.rothers.  James,  Moses  and  McKnight,  from  the  vicinity  of  New- 
burg,  all  of  whom  became  clergymen;  Judge  William  McClure,  of  Pittsburgh; 
EL  M  Watts,  minister  to  Austria:  Bishop  Samuel  A.  McCoskry  of  the  Episcopal 
Church;  Charles  McClure.  afterward  secretary  of  the  commonwealth;  Com. 
Gabriel  O'Brien,  who  waa  afterward  lost  at  sea;  John  and  Alfred  Armstrong, 
from  Carlisle;  I  ■■  iG  Strain,  lieutenant  in  the  1'nited  States  Navy,  who  ex 
ploredthe  Isthmus  of  Darien;  Jack  Hemphill,  who  studied  law  with  Andrew 
.  :■-.  Esq. .  of  ( larliale,  hut  died  at  middle  lit,,  in  Wwburg;  the  Revs.  D.  E. 
Nevin,  Edward  II.  Nevin,  1U>..  and  Alfred  Nevin,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  who  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  at  Carlisle,  but  entered  the  mini-try.  and  who  is  still  living 
and  well  known;  Thomas  McCandliah,  who  died  and  is  still  well  remembered 
in  Newville,  These  and  man]  others  whom  we  have  not  mentioned,  were 
among  the  number  known  by  the  neighbors  at  that  time  as  "Cooper's  Latin 
scholars."     The  disipline  of  the  school  was  not  remarkable  for  strictness,    but 

there    were    few   temptations.       The    ••entertainments"  of  the   neighborh 1 

rv  few  an  I  simple.  "Often  iu  the  evening. "  says  Dr.  Nevin,  "  some  of 
the  boys  would  be  pitching  iron  rings  by  the  roadside,  near  the  gate,  whilst 
others  on  the  porch  were  playing  checkers,  and  others  still,  with  the  violin  and 
flute,  were  making  sweet  strains  of  music  to  float  out  upon  the  gentle  breeze. 
over  the  quiet  and  beautiful  landscape  that  lay  beneath.  Now  and  then  a  fish 
ing  in  the  creek  was  resorted  to  as  an  expedient  for  enjoyment.  With  well 
prepared  torch  lights,  nets  and  piles,  all  the  students  would  march  about  dark 
t,,  the  Conodoguinet,  and  spend  five  or  six  hours  wading  in  that  beautiful 
stream,  often  returning  with  success,  at  midnight,  to  their  homes,  sometimes 
with  no  success,  but  always  with  glad  hearts,  making  the  surrounding  woods 
echo  with    tl  Such  were  the  harmless  recreation-,   the  simple 

at  this  primitive  academy,  in  the  township  of  Hopewell,— scenes 
such  as  some  modern  Goldsmith  might  delight  to  picture.  The  academy  closed 
its  existence  about  the  year  1832. 

Mi  SO  1,1, 1.  \M 

There  are.  at  present,  -ix  public  schools  in  Hopewell  Township;  the  time 
for  the  "log  colleges,"  in  remote  ] .laces,  away  from  the  great  thoroughfares 
of  civilization,  with  the  ceasing  of  their  aecessity,  have  passed  away.     In  the 

mean  time  the  township  is  noted  only  for  its  fine  farms  and  industrious  agricul- 
tural community. 


•It    Nerln'l  addreM  at  .Middle  Spring,  1876. 


298  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

BOROUGH  OF  NEWBURG. 

Newbiirg  is  the  only  village  in  Hopewell  Township.  It  iB  situated  on 
slightly  elevated  ground  on  the  main  road  leading  from  Carlisle  to  Roxbury, 
about  one  mile  northwest  of  the  Conodoguinet  Creek.  It  was  laid  out  in  1819 
by  Thomas  Trimble.  There  were  then  but  three  or  four  houses  in  the  place. 
One  at  the  western  end  was  Mr.  Trimble's;  another,  at  the  eastern,  was  occu- 
pied by  George  McCormick;  and  a  third  by  John  Carson  and  Joseph  Barr. 
In  1845  it  is  described  by  Rupp  as  "a  post  village  in  Hopewell  Township;  * 
*  contains  twenty  or  more  dwellings,  two  stores  and  a  tavern. "  It  has  now 
three  churches,  three  dry  goods  stores,  one  drug  store,  one  tavern,  tannery  and 
other  shops,  and  a  population  of  about  400.  It  was  organized  as  a  borough 
in  1861.  „      . 

f]  In  1858,  a  school  known  as  "  The  Sunny  Side  Female  Seminary  was  begun 
at  Newburg.  It  was  regularly  chartered  by  the  Legislature  and  issued  diplo- 
mas, but  lasted  only  for  a  few  years. 


CHAPTER  XXVI. 


LOWER  ALLEN  TOWNSHIP  AND  BOROUGH  OF  NEW  CUMBER- 
LAND.* 

LOWER  ALLEN  TOWNSHIP  was  formed  by  the  division  of  Allen  Town- 
ship in  1850.  It  lies  in  the  extreme  southeastern  portion  of  the  county, 
and  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Hampden  and  East  Pennsborough,  on  the  east 
by  the  Susquehanna  River,  on  the  south  by  the  Yellow  Breeches  Creek  and  on 
the  west  by  Upper  Allen  Township.  The  whole  of  the  land  of  which  this 
township  is  formed  was,  long  before  the  formation  of  ^  Cumberland  County,  a 
portion  of  the  proprietary  manor  known  as  "  Paxtang. " 

From  a  period  unknown  the  Susquehanoc  Indians  inhabited  the  woods  on 
the  western  shore  of  the  river,  and  long  before  the  first  white  man  had  crossed  it, 
or  the  first  ax  had  made  the  primeval  forest  ring,  some  sixty  families  ot  bna- 
wanese,  who  had  come  from  the  far  south,  had  settled  here  upon  the  river  s  bor- 
der. There  they  remained  until  about  1727  or  1728,  when  they  removed  to 
the  Ohio  and  placed  themselves  under  the  protection  of  the  French.  Iney 
and  the  Delawares,  who  also  lived  on  this  side  of  the  Susquehanna,  assigned 
as  a  reason  for  this  course  that  satisfaction  had  not  been  made  them  for  land 
surveyed  into  the  proprietary  manor  on  Conodoguinet.  A  number  ot  Indian 
villages  existed  in  this  lower  portion  of  the  county,  three  m  Lower  Allen  lown- 
ship  One  was  a  little  north  of  the  spot  where  the  Yellow  Breeches  Creek 
empties  into  the  Susquehanna  (now  New  Cumberland)  where  James  Chartier 
had  a  landing  place;  another  Indian  village  was  a  short  distance  north  ot  the 
house  now  occupied  by  William  Kohler;  and  the  third  on  an  elevation  in  the 
neighborhood  of  Milltown,  where  there  was  an  Indian  burial  place,  the  graves 
of  which,  it  is  said,  were  easily  distinguishable  in  the  early  days  of  some  of 
the  present  inhabitants.  .        . 

Of  the  earliest  white  settlers  who  crossed  over  the  river  into  the  JNortH  Val- 
ley, we  have  no  knowledge.  They  were  probably  "squatters,"  who  settled 
on  lands  west  of  the  Susquehanna  prior  to  the  final  Penn  purchase  in  17db, 

*For  Borough  of  Shiremanstown  see  page  268. 


LOWBB    Al.l.l'N    TOWNSHIP. 


299 


and  who  have  left  do  record  of  their  names.      On  the  weei   shore  of  the  Sua 

qnehanna,   at  a  verj   early  period,   one  Kelso  lived,  and,    in  con ition   with 

Harris,  managed  a  ferry.      This  bunding  is  the  oldest  of  its  kind  in  the  Cum 

berland  Valley.       [twasbuilt  priortol74 1   possiblj    before   L730.       Do 

r  bought  of  the  Penn  heirs  a  rraol  of  200  acres  on 
which  the  present  mills  and  a  pan  of  the  town  of  Lisbon)  are  situated  The 
elder  Harris,  a1  his  death,  owned  land  in  the  Cumberland  Valley,  including 
Gen  Simpson's  place  below  fellow  Breeches,  extending  to  the  South  Mount 
llin  ,,    earliest   settlers    Isaac   Bendrix  lived  upon   the  manor,  as 

did  also  William  Bn  Irish  origin,  who  purchased  Lot  No.   12  of 

the  manor  plot,  situated  on  the  Zellow  Breech  Creek  about  three  miles  from 
the  Susquehanna  River,  and  erected  thereon  a  grisl  mill  and  saw  mill,  winch 
were  wsrj  important  at  that  early  period  He  was  a  Presbyterian  and  a  very 
oorreot  man  in  all  his  dealings. 

In  171".  Peter  Chartier,   the  Indian  interpreter,  who  was  of  mixed  trench 

and  Shawnee  Indian  blood   purcha  rohn  Boward  and  Richard  Penn, 

henorthbj    Washington  Kinster's  and  George  Blum 

,„.,•■,  [anda    on  the  east  bj  the  river,  on  the  south  bj  the  lellow  B ihes,  and 

on  the  west  In  propertj  belonging  to  Andrew  Ross  and  the  Flickinger  heirs. 
William  Black,  from  Scotland  purchased  propertj  in  L773,  now  belonging  to 
tl!,.  above  n  heirs;  and  John  Mish,  a  native  of  Wurtemburg,   in  i  i  10, 

bought  283aci  Lot  Ho.  6  of  the  manor,  wherethe  Zimmermans  live,  and 
built  upon  the  bank  of  the  Yellow  Breeches  ('reek  a  house  and  tannery,  prior 
to  the  period  of  the  Revolution.  About  this  time  (1770)  John  Wilson  pur 
chased  200  acres,  Lot  So.  5  of  the  manor,  now  owned  bj  the  heirs  of  Wm. 
Mateer,  and  extending  from  the  Feeman  to  the  McCormick  farm.  The  land 
lying  between  this  traet  and  the  bridge  at  Harrisburg  was  purchased  by  Moses 
Wallis  in  1768  70.  It  is  Lot  No.  I  of  the  manor,  and  is  now  owned  by  the 
M,.(  |  itensive  quarries  of  limestone  are  on  this  land. 

John  Fleck,  who  died  at  the  age  of  sixty  five,  in  the  year  L795,  was  in  his 
day  the  largest  land-owner  in  this  portion  of  the  county,  and  must  have  settled 
th;,,v  ,l      The  great-grandfather  of   William  R.   Gorgas 

mm.  fro,,,  !l  ill  beginning  of  the  century,  but  did  not  settle  in  the 

valley  and  township  till  1791.  Michael  T.  Simpson,  prominent  1>  connected 
with  the  war  of  the  Revolution,  established  the  Simpson  ferry  four  miles  below 
Harris',  and  was  a  prominent  man  of  the  limes. 

The  pioneer  settlers  in  the  eastern  portion  of  Cumberland  Count}  were 
principalis'  from  the  North  of  Ireland,  although  some  came  directly  from 
Scotland  and  some  few  from  England 

After  a  time  a  number  of  German  settlers  mingled  with  thorn.     The  fertil 
ity  of  the  -oil  and  the  beauty  of  the  newlj  settled  rallej  attracted  them  into  it, 
where  they  established  homes,  and  where,  by  their  industry  and  frugality,  they 
have  i  in  wealth  and  numbers,  so  that  they  have  ,n  a  great  measure 

displa I  the  descendants  of  the  original  Scotch  Irish. 

iharactor  of  the  soil  in  Lower  Allen  is  principallj  lime-tone.  In  the 
neighborhood  of  la-burn,  on  the  Yellow  Breeches  Creek,  the  middle  Becond 
ary  red  -hale,  and  sandsi  iross  from  York  Counts,  overlapping  the 

lime  Umiied  extent.     The  predominant   interest   is  the  agricultural, 

and  fine  farms,  highly  cultivated  are  to  be  seen  in  ever j  part  of  the  town  hip. 

Ir„n  Ecellent  quality,  has  1 n  found  in  detached  portions,  and  some 

10,000  tons  were  taken  from' the  farm  of  William  R.  Gorgas,  to  supply  in 
,;,,.  Porter  Furnac    at  Harrisburg  prior  to  L846,      For  various  causes,  however, 
we  believe  thej  have  been  longabandoi 


300  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

LISBURN. 

Lying  in  a  loop  of  the  Yellow  Breeches  Creek,  in  the  extreme  south,  is  Lis- 
burn,* the  oldest  village  in  the  township.  The  portion  of  it  north  of  the  public 
road  was  laid  out  120  years  ago  by  Gerard  Erwin,  and  that  part  south  of  the 
road  in  17S5  by  Alexander  Frazer  and  James  Oren.  The  mills,  the  old  forge 
and  a  portion  of  the  town  are  all  located  on  a  tract  of  land  which  was  conveyed 
by  the  heirs  of  William  Penn  to  William  Frazer  in  1739.  The  names  "New 
Lisburn,"  "  Lisborn"  and  "Lisbon  "  are  found  in  various  deeds  and  convey- 
ances as  far  back  as  1765,  and  in  them  lots  are  numbered  to  correspond  with  a 
plat  of  the  town  which  had  been  made  previous  to  that  time.  One  is  "From 
Ralph  Whitsett  (Whiteside)  to  William  Bennett  for  a  lot  where  Jacob  Flicker- 
nell  has  built  his  brick  house,"  which  was  possibly  the  first  brick  house  erected 
in  the  township.  The  Lisburn  Forge,  near  the  present  mill,  was  built  in 
1783.  It  is  said  of  this  town  that  fairs  used  to  be  held  annually  in  it  to  which 
the  people  resorted,  dressed  in  the  fashions  of  the  "  old  country. "  Among 
the  more  prominent  men  connected  in  early  days  with  the  history  of  this  vil- 
lage were  Alexander  Frazer,  the  original  proprietor,  William  Bennett,  Ralph 
Whiteside  (or  Whitsett),  James  Galbraith,  Adam  Brenizer,  Robert  Thornberg, 
Michael  Hart,  Benjamin  Anderson,  Andrew  Mateer,  Peter  McKane,  J.  Snyder 
and  John  McCue. 

Of  the  above  names,  James  Galbraith,  the  younger,  settled  in  Donegal  about 
the  year  1719.  He  was  an  Indian  trader,  and  commanded  a  company  of  rang- 
ers during  the  French  and  Indian  war.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the  Assem- 
blv  for  a  number  of  years.  He  moved  to  the  Susquehanna,  established  a  ferry 
be'low  Paxtang,  but  shortly  after  purchased  large  tracts  in  Pennsborough  (now 
Lower  Allen)  "about  the  year  1761.  He  went  into  the  Revolution,  and  was 
chosen  lieutenant-colonel  for  Cumberland  County,  but  on  account  of  his  great 
age  was  unable  to  continue  active  duty  in  the  field.  He  died  June  11,  1787, 
aSed  eighty-three  years.  He  left  to  his  son,  Robert,  a  farm  in  Allen  Town- 
ship.     His  granddaughter  by  his  son,  Andrew,  married  Chief  Justice  Gibson. 

MILLTOWN. 

Another  cluster  of  seventeen  or  eighteen  houses  in  the  township  is  known 
as  Milltown  or  Eberly's  Mills.  It  is  pleasantly  situated  in  a  dell  on  the  Cedar 
Spring,  three  miles  southwest  of  Harrisburg.  It  is  on  land  originally  owned 
by  Rev.  William  Thompson.  Caspar  Weaver  (or  Weber)  ,who  owned  two  lots 
of  the  original  manor,  erected  a  mill  at  this  point  more  than  a  115  years  ago. 

A  grist-mill  was  erected  by  George  Fahnestock  in  1817,  which  is  still 
standing.  A  building  which  was  once  a  clover-mill  was,  years  ago,  fitted  up 
as  a  machine  shop,  and  in  it  worked  Daniel  Drawbaugh,  who  claims  to  be  the 
original  inventor  of  the  telephone,  a  claim  which,  after  very  expensive  and 
protracted  litigation,  has,  either  rightly  or  wrongly,  been  recently  decided 
against  him. 

Of  the  other  mills,  a  quarter  of  a  mile  east  of  Milltown  stands  the  stone 
one  erected  by  Henry  Weber  in  1817.  The  Lisburn  Mills  were  probably  first 
erected  as  early  as  1751,  for  in  that  year  a  portion  (some  twenty  acres)  of  the 
Frazer  Tract  was  dedicated  to  that  purpose,  and  a  log  mill  erected  on  it.  The 
property  belonged  to  a  son  of  the  original  proprietor  until  1765.  Garver's 
mill  was  built  in  1826  by  Jacob  Haldeman.  who  owned  it  until  1863  The 
woolen  factory  on  the  creek,  two  miles  northeast  of  Lisburn,  was  erected  upon 
the  site  of  an  old  oil,  grist  and  saw-mill  in  1857.  The  old  Liberty  Forge  on 
the  creek,  one  mile  north  of  Lisburn,  was  erected  some  time  during  the  last 
century.      There  are  a  number  of  other  mills  in  the  township,  but   the  list 


LOWER    Ail.l'N   TOWNSHIP.  :!nl 

which  we  have  given  embraces  those  which  are  the  most  ancient,  ami  inter- 
esting 

.Hi  i: 

There  are  three  churches  in  the  township,  the  Mennonite,  the   Bethel  at 

Milhown.  and  the  Onion  Church  ol    Lisburn.     The  Men iites  began  to  come 

into  the  county  aboul  L800,  or  shortly  after,  and  held  meetings  at  the  Slate 
Hill  one  mile  south  of  Shiremanstown,  in  alien  Township.  Dheir  bnck  church 
™  ,„.,„,,„,  1818.     The  ohurchal    Mdltown  was  erected 

apon  an  eminence  near  thai  place  in  L842,  and  the  Onion  Church  at  Lisburn 
in   L£ 

HUES. 

There  are  a  number  of  old  burial  places  in  thetownship.  Of  Bomeofthese 
no  reoord  of  their  origin  remains.  The  one  al  Lisburn.  „„  the  southeastern 
dope  ol  the  high  grounds  near  the  creek,  is  probably  one  where  the  early 
settlers  of  this  section  deposited  their  dead.     There,  is  a  public  near 

the  Stone  Tavern,  and  a  private  one  near  Paul  Oehr's  residence;  one  ,m  the 
(arm  of  John  Feeman  contains  the  graves  of  the  Black  family,  and  must  have 
been  among  the  first  established  in  the  township.  Another  is  on  an  eminence 
know,,  as  Bunker  H.ll.  and  contains  the  graves  of  the  Wilier  family,  also  dat- 
ing from  I  Bttlement 

There  is  yel  anothei  grave-yard,  theorigin  of  which  has  passed  away,  seem- 
ingly, from  the  the  living.     For  our  information  we  are  in- 
late  Dr.  Robert  Young,   whose  grandfather,  Alex- 
ander loung,   settled  on  a  Id  in  Louther  Manor  in  1769.     Says  he:       Ihe 
Bootch-Iriah  settlers  at   an  earlj    date  somewhere  before  1740    and  possibly 
,   to  the  Location  of  the  meeting-house  at  Silvers'  Spring,  had  selected  a 
burial  place  near  to  a  beautiful  spring,  about  two  miles  from  the  Susquehanna 
:.  Sn  the  Simps  I,  on  Lan  1  long  own^l  by  Mr  Gteorge  Rupp, 
an  estimable  citizen  and  ministerof  the  old  Mennonite  Society         [It  lies  just 
south  of  the  road  and   a  little  distance  west  of  the  Cedar  Spring.  I  his 
around  was  brought  to  the  notice  of  the  writer,  when  quite  young,  by  those  who 
were  then  old  men."     At  this  peril  id  the  stones  had  fallen  to  the  -round,  and 
long  aft-r.  in  1S75,  the  ground  was  covered  with  scrubby  thorns,  briars  and 
long  grass. 

SCHOOLS. 

John  Black,  one  of  the  earlv  settlers  who  came  into  the  valley  about  1773, 
„  N  ,lh  .use  within  half  a  mile  west  of  his  residence,  for  the  edu- 
i  of  his  own  and  his  neighbor's  child  . 

.her  school  was  tl ,   or  afterward,   where  New  Cumberland  now  is.  and 

these  we,,,  tl aly  schoolhouses  in  the  township  until   L815,  when  the  Cedar 

Spring  Schoolhouse  was  buill  and  maintained  by  private  subscription  until  the 
■  duction  of  the  common  school  system.  At  this  latter  place.  ,n  1850,8 
new  and  substantial  building  was  erected,  with  a  basement  intended  for  a 
primary  department  The  schoolhouse,  one  mile  northwesl  oi  New  Cumber- 
land, known  as  "Mumpere,"  was  buiU  in  L846,  on  the  spot  where  a  more  sub- 
stantial brick  edifice  was  erected  in  1S»U. 

The  Cumberland  Vallej   Railroad  runs  along  the  entire  northern  boundary 
lin„  rf  tl  the  Harrisburg  &  Potomac  Railroad  passes  through 

the  c.-nter  portion.    The  poetoffice    are  Shiremanstown,  Nev.  Cumberland.  Lis 
burn  and  Eberly's  Mills. 


302  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

BOROUGH  OF  NEW  CUMBERLAND. 

New  Cumberland  is  beautifully  situated  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Susque- 
hanna River  and  at  the  mouth  of  the  Yellow  Breeches  Creek,  in  the  ex- 
treme southeastern  corner  of  the  county.  It  was  formerly  known  as  Halde- 
man's  town,  after  Jacob  M.  Haldeman,  by  whom  it  was  laid  out  in  1814.  As 
late  as  1730  a  Shawnee  Indian  village  occupied  the  site  where  New  Cumber- 
land now  stands.  Here,  also,  was  the  landing  place  of  Peter  Chartier,  a  cele- 
brated Indian  trader,  to  whom  a  large  grant  of  600  acres,  including  the  pres- 
ent site  of  New  Cumberland,  was  made  by  the  three  Penns  in  1739.  He  was 
of  mixed  French  and  Shawnee  Indian  blood,  and  many  of  these  latter,  over 
whom  he  had  great  influence,  he  persuaded  afterward  (1744)  to  join  the  French. 
Some  eight  years  before  the  town  was  laid  out  Mr.  Haldeman  purchased  a 
forge  at  the  mouth  of  the  creek,  added  a  rolling  and  slitting- mill,  and  soon 
became  one  of  the  foremost  iron  men  in  Pennsylvania.  The  product  of  his 
forge,  for  many  years,  was  sold  to  the  Government  for  purposes  at  Harper's 
Ferry. 

There  was  then  no  bridge  over  the  creek  at  New  Cumberland,  and  none 
over  the  Susquehanna  at  Harrisburg.  The  ferries  were  valuable  properties, 
and  their  owners  usually  made  historic  names. 

In  the  early  history  of  the  place,  large  quantities  of  coal  and  lumber  were 
brought  to  New  Cumberland,  on  the  river,  by  means  of  rafts,  which  supplied 
Cumberland  Valley  and  other  territory;  and  flora-,  grain,  iron  and  whisky  were 
received  in  great  quantities,  and  sent,  by  means  of  ' '  arks, ' '  upon  the  river,  to 
Port  Deposit,  Philadelphia  and  Baltimore. 

A  large  grain  depot  was  erected  by  Mr.  Haldeman  in  1826,  which  supplied 
a  terminal  market  for  the  Cumberland  Valley.  Here  the  great  teams  which 
were  used  in  those  days  might  have  been  seen  discharging  their  loads  of 
grain,  and  reloading  with  lumber  ere  starting  again  upon  their  homeward  trip. 
At  this  time  the  lumber  trade  was  carried  on  extensively.  Prior  to  1814  there 
were  two  lumber  yards,  one  just  north  of  the  town  belonged  to  John  Crist 
and  Robert  Church,  and  another,  on  the  sotfth  side  of  the  creek,  to  John  Poist, 
who  built  and  kept  what  was  known  as  the  White  Tavern.  Mr.  Church  mar- 
ried Miss  Bigler,  and  their  daughter  Mary  became  the  wife  of  Gov.  Geary,  and 
presided  at  the  executive  mansion  during  his  term  of  office. 

In  1831  New  Cumberland  was  incorporated,  as  a  borough,  and,  about  a 
year  later,  the  turnpike  road  through  the  town  was  established,  with  its  daily 
stages,  to  Washington  and  Baltimore.  At  this  time  no  railroad  had  yet  been 
built  in  this  portion  of  the  country,  although  the  time  was  fast  approaching 
when  one  of  the  first  ones  built  in  the  United  States  was  to  extend  through  a 
portion  of  the  Cumberland  Valley.  This,  however,  did  not  reach  New  Cum- 
berland. The  York  &  Cumberland  Railroad  was  opened  for  business  in  1851, 
and  from  that  time  the  long  line  of  teams  gradually  disappeared  from  the 
streets,  the  lumber  was  taken  away  by  the  cars,  the  hotels  were  no  longer 
crowded  with  the  boisterous  raftsmen  and  teamsters,  and  many  of  them  in  the 
town  and  vicinity  have  since  ceased  to  exist.  The  lumber  business,  with  some 
periods  of  depression,  continued  steadily  to  increase,  reaching  its  highest 
point  in  1857,  when  seven  firms  were  engaged  in  that  business.  From  this 
time,  however,  there  has  been  a  gradual  diminution  in  the  trade,  which  is 
now  represented  by  one  firm. 

New  Cumberland  has  now  about  140  dwellings,  2  churches,  2  hotels,  a 
number  of  stores,  1  flour,  2  saw-mills,  and  a  large  planing-mill,  while  new 
homes  are  being  yearly  erected. 


Lm^hi/  Ui^m/! 


MIDDLESEX   TOWNSHIP. 


305 


The  first  church  was  buiH  in  L828,  and  was  the  onlj  one  in  the  town 

■  f  over  thirty  years.     The  present   Methodist   Episcopal  Church  was 
d  in  1858,  and  the  Dnited  Brethren  in  1873. 

|,,    the  earlj  days,   about    1816,  the    Rev.   Jacoh  Qruber,  who  is  Btill  re 
membered  b  wjoount  of  bis  striking  eooentricity,  and  Rev.    Rioh 

ard  Tidings,  both  itinerant  Methodist    ministers,   established  an    "appoint 
in. mii  "  in  New  Cumbei ' 

\l    lV  ,,-•  the  denizensof  New  Cumberland  find  Bteady  employment  in  the 
Pennsylvania  :  to,  winch  an  eo  lier  Bide  of  Mi.'  river,  just  oppo 

Bite  the  town.     They  maj  !>.•  Been  crossing  it  at  almost  all  hours  of  the  da}  or 
night. 

Gen.  Gear]  made  thiBplaoehis  homo  during  the  period  of  the  war,  and 
lived  in  Now  Cumberland  at  the  time  ho  was  elected  Governor  of  Pennsylvania. 


CHAPTER   XXVII. 

MIDDLES  1 A   TOWNSHIP. 


MIDDLESEX    TOWNSHIP   was  formed  from  a  portion  of  North   Mid 
dleton.  by  a  decree  of  the  court,  confirmed  November,  L859. 

It  i-  bounded  on  the  north  by  the  North  Mountains,  on  the  east  by  Silver 
Spring  Township,  on  the  south  by  South  Middleton  Township,  and  on  the  west 
by  North  Middleton  Township. 

The  Conodoguinet  Creek  flows,  with  a  slightly  southern  bend,  until  it 
reaches  Middlesex,  where,  suddenly  taking  an  almo-t  northerly  direction,  after 
several  smaller  bends,  it  leave.,  the'  town-hip.  The  character  of  the  soil  is  the 
same  as  that  of  North  Middleton,— the  slate  land  lying  to  the  north  and 
the  liu:  be  south,  with  the  creek  as  tin'  dividing  line. 

The  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad  runs  through  the  southern  and  richer 
portion  of  the  tow  nship. 

EARLY    SETTLERS. 

The  lands  upon  the  creek  wire  probably  the  ones  where  the  early  settlers 
founded  their  first   homes.      Where  the   I,,  tort   stream  empties  into  il   was  a 

iwned    bj     Rowland    Chamber-,   and    hack    of   him    on    the    Conodo 
guinet  was  a   settlement,  where,  some   claim-,  the  first  mill  in  the  county  was 
erected.       North  of  this,  and  beyond  the  creek,  were  lands  of  Joseph  Clark  and 
i  .     Iron,    Ireland  ahoiit  L737.       Soon  after   \hrahau,   Lam 

1  on  lands   lately    in  po  ''  idants,  north  of  the 

,  d  Ohambers'  tract,   while  still  further  north  Thomas  Kenm   settled  on  a 

tract  which  is  now  principally  in  the  possession  of  the  heirs  of  John  Wilson. 
Bastof  them  were  John  Semple,   Patrick  Maguire,  Christopher  Husto 
i  JIcM  Other  parties  living  in  different  portions  of  this  neighborhood 

ii,  L793,  were  William  Sanderson,   Alexander   McBeth,  Robert  Kenny,  James 
Lamberton,    David   Elliott,    Hugh  Smith.    Robert    Morn-.,,.    Ralph  Sterritt. 
I  the  names  also  of  James  Giffen  (Given)  L798;   Robert  Elliott,  L799; 
James  Flemming,  L799;  John  McClintock,  L801. 

Sterrett's  Cap  was  originally  called  Croghan's  Gap,  after  George  Cr< 
one  of  the  Indian  interpreters  of  these  early  days;  hut  whether  he  ever  resided 


306  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

there,  or  in  any  portion  of  what  is  now  this  township,  we  have  not  been  able 
to  determine. 

The  family  of  Clarks  were  early  settlers  in  Middlesex,  and  owned  a  tract 
now  owned  by  the  Clendenin  heirs,  just  above  the  Carlisle  Sulphur  Springs. 
The  first  brick  house  built  in  this  part  of  the  county,  about  one-half  mile  or 
more  south  of  Sterrett's  Gap,  is  said  to  have  been  built  by  Philip  Zeigler,  and 
is  still  in  the  possession  of  the  descendants  of  that  family.  Near  this,  about 
one  mile  east,  on  the  public  road  leading  from  the  Sulphur  Springs,  was  erected 
the  old  log  house,  still  standing,  with  its  loopholes  through  which  its  inmates 
watched  the  Indians.  This  Zeigler  tract  was  originally  owned  by  Mr.  Kenny, 
who  was,  we  are  told,  a  man  of  considerable  acquirements,  and  fond  of  hunting. 

MIDDLESEX. 

Middlesex,  situated  at  the  confluence  of  the  Letort  and  the  Conodoguinet, 
is  one  of  the  oldest  settlements  in  the  county.  The  name  "Middlesex"  was 
originally  given  to  a  tract  of  land  containing  abut  560  acres,  located  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Letort  Spring,  and  afterward  to  the  village  which  was  built 
partly  upon  it.  Some  of  the  first  buildings  erected — several  dwelling  houses, 
a  grist-mill  saw-mill,  fulling-mill  and  distillery — were  on  this  tract  Others 
were  built  near  it.  All  these,  with  the  exception  of  the  fulling-mill,  were 
built  prior  to  1757;  most,  if  not  all  of  them,  by  John  Chambers,  St.,  the 
owner  of  the  tract  at  that  time. 

Later,  from  the  Chambers  family,  the  Middlesex  estate  came  into  the  pos- 
session of  Capt.  Robert  Callender,  one  of  the  largest  fur  traders  in  Pennsyl- 
vania. He  held  a  captain's  commission  in  the  French  and  Indian  war;  was  a 
colonel  during  the  Revolution;  distinguished  himself,  it  said,  at  Braddock's  de- 
feat; and  was  a  liberal  contributor  to  all  the  then  improvements  in  Carlisle,  a 
man  well  educated  and  highly  esteemed.  He  was  one  of  the  justices  of  Cum- 
berland County  in  1764.  He  commenced  to  trade  with  the  Indians  at  an 
early  day,  and  built  the  large  flouring-mill  at  the  mouth  of  Letort  Run,  now 
Middlesex.  In  1774  he  was  appointed  colonel  for  Cumberland  County;  died 
in  1776,  and  is  buried  in  the  old  grave-yard  at  Carlisle.  Capt.  Robert  Cal- 
lender married,  first,  a  daughter  of  Nicholas  Scull,  surveyor-general  of  Penn- 
sylvania from  1748  to  1759.  His  daughter  Anne,  by  this  wife,  married  Gen. 
William  Irvine,  of  Revolutionary  fame.  His  second  wife  was  a  sister  of  Col. 
Gibson,  the  father  of  Chief  Justice  John  Bannister  Gibson,  by  whom  he  also 
had  a  number  of  children. 

In  1791  the  Middlesex  estate  was  purchased  at  sheriff's  sale  by  Col.  Eph- 
riam  Blaine,  from  whom  it  passed  to  his  son,  by  whom  it  was  conveyed  (1818) 
to  James  Hamilton,  Esq.,  and  afterward  (1831)  to  Hon.  Charles  B.  Penrose, 
who  erected  the  paper-mill  there  in  about  1850.  The  first  dwelling  house 
stood  near  the  present  site  of  this  paper-mill,  and  was  still  standing  twenty 
years  ago. 

In  1846,  according  to  Rupp,  the  village  consisted  of  eleven  dwellings,  one 
of  which  was  a  tavern,  a  store,  a  saw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  plaster  and  oil- 
mill  and  a  woolen  factory,  at  that  time  owned  principally  by  Mr.  Penrose.  It  is 
now  a  scattered  village  of  about  twenty-five  or  thirty  houses. 

We  learn  from  Rupp  that  one  of  the  first  Indian  tracts  westward  led  past 
Middlesex.  It  extended  from  Simpson's  Ferry  (four  miles  below  Han-is')  on 
the  Susquehanna  River,  crossed  the  Conodoguinet  at  Middlesex,  and  thence 
over  the  mountain,  by  way  of  Croghan'  s,  now  Sterrett'  s  Gap. 

CARLISLE    SPRINGS. 

Carlisle  Springs  is  the  name  of  a  postoffice  village  near  the  North  Moun- 


MIFFI.IN    TOWNSHIP 


801 


tain,   in  the  northwestern  corner  erf   the  township.     It   wa  years, 

oll(.  of  the  most  popular  watering  pla in  the  county.      1  bere  u  at  tins  place 

a  BDleudid  Bpring  of  snlphnr  water,  still  flowing  into  its  marble  basin,  in  a  now 
^lected  „!,„.;  The  flrsl  hotel,  asmalltwo  storj  frame  building  was  erected 
William  Ramsey,  who  was  the  owner  oi   the  land  before    1880.     In 
lv;„  ,  eyed  th.s  property  to  David  Oornman,  who  continued 

to  own  .t  for  a  period  ..f  about  twenty  ......  years,  .luring  wl.i.-h  period  .t  be- 
came a  very  popular  summer  resort 

V  ia„J  hotel    which   would  a< mmodate  several  hundred  boarders,  was 

„,,,,,.,  Lb,  Morris  n»,..  and    L  P    Norton  about   L854  which  was  destroyed 

bvfireaboui  L867.     a.  small  hotel,  near  the  site  of  the  former  ,  was  built 

Bhortlv  afterward  bui  has  sine  been  convert,..!  into  a  private  residence. 
Prom  this  place  a  small  stream,  known  as  the  Sulphur  Springs  Run,  flows  ...  a 
Boutheasterl]  direction  ..nt.l  .t  empties  into  the  Oonodoguinet  Creek  at  Mid- 
dlesez. 

MISOELIANBOUB. 

There  are  eight  schools  in  the  township,  three  bridges  crossing  the  creek, 
,Bdfl,  andmany  fine  farms,  with  substantial  buildings,  bearing  evidence 
to  the  prosperitj  and  thrift  of  its  inhabitants. 


CHAPTER    XXVIII. 

M  I  FFLIN  TOWNSHIP. 

MT1TI.1N  T<  tWXSHIP  was  formed  from  the  eastern  portion  of  Hopewell 
in  lT'.iT  and  was  called  after  Thomas  Mifflin,  then  Governor  of  Penn- 
sylvania It  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  the  North  Mountains  and  on  the 
south  by  the  Oonodoguinet  Creek,  while  Prankford  Township  lies  upon  the 
easi   and  Hopewell  on  the  west 

-,,\  \b  a  mixture  of  clav.  gravel  and  slate,  such  as  lies  along  the  base 
of  the  North  Mountains,  which  has  become  fertile  by  cultivation.  X  our 
streams  run  from  the  mountains  through  the  township,  and  empty  into  the 
Oonodoeuinet  Greek  .,.-..  •     ,    i   i    u 

Prom  what  we  have  said  of  Hopewell,  n.  which  Mifflin  was  included,  it 
will  be  seen  thai  this  portion  of  the  county  was  settled  at  a  very  earl]  period. 
Before  the  time  of  the  white  settlers  there  was  an  Indian  trail,  oi  a  local 
character,  through  Doubling  Gap,  and  a  more  important  one  through  tne 
Three  Square  Hollow,  in  the  northwestern  corner  of  the  township,  winch  was 
a  branch  of  the  greai  trail  leading  from  the  Ohio  to  the  Susquehanna.  Inis 
trail  cai low,,  through    the  Three  S,,uar,  Hollow,  erosse.l   the  t-oiiodognim-t 

Creels  near  the  mouth  of  Brandj  Run,  passed  along  the  Green  Spring  totne 
head  of  the  Big  Spring,  and  thanes  Boutheastwardly  toward  Monaghan  (lJius- 
bure)and   Xork     Along  this  trail,  between  the  two  branches  in  the  fork  or 

Brandy  Run,  it  is  said  that  eviden. f  an  old  Indian  burial  ground  existed 

manj  '..  id  there  are  traditions  thai  an   Indian  village  existed  in  tne 

same  aeiehborh 1.  and  that  the  peninsula  in  the  long  bend  oi  the  creek,  now 

owned  by  Matthew  Thompson,  was  osed  for  raising  the  Indian  corn  which,  in 
connection  with  game,  oonatituted  their  food.     In  support  of  these  traditions, 


308  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

says  Rev.  James  B.  Scouller,  to  whom  we  are  indebted  for  the  above,  are  the  two 
facts  that  the  first  settlements  made  in  Mifflin  were  along  this  trail,  and  all  the 
massacres  which  took  place  during  the  old  French  war  were  in  its  vicinity. 

The  time  of  the  first  settlement  in  Mifflin  is  earlier  than  has  been  supposed.  * 
We  have  in  our  possession  a  letter  from  Mr.  W.  C.  Koons,  a  descendant,  on 
the  maternal  side,  of  the  Carnahans,  who  were  among  the  earliest  settlers  in 
the  township,  which  we  will  lay  before  the  reader: 

' '  The  first  settlers  in  Newton  and  Mifflin  Townships,  then  included  in 
Hopewell,  were  Robert  Mickey,  William  Thompson  and  Andrew  McElwain. 
They  were  brothers-in-law,  and  came  at  the  same  time  to  make  their  homes  in 
this  part  of  Cumberland  "Valley.  Robert  Mickey  located  near  the  source  of  the 
west  branch  of  Green  Spring,  in  Newton  Township;  William  Thompson  on  the 
great  bend  in  the  Conodoguinet  Creek,  and  Andrew  McElwain  (or  Mcllvaine) 
on  the  "Fountain  of  Health"  farm,  both  in  Mifflin  Township.  There  is 
uncertainty  as  to  the  particular  year  of  their  settlement;  but  by  receipts  given 
to  Robert  Shannon  by  John  Penn,  dated  respectively  1732,  1733,  1734,  and  a 
deed,  on  full  payment,  dated  1735,  it  is  certain  that  their  coming  was  not  later 
than  1729,  as  they  had  preceded  Shannon  by  three  years.  Still,  as  the  papers 
indicate  that  it  was  not  unusual  for  the  settlers  to  occupy  their  lands  for  years 
before  warrants  or  patents  were  issued,  it  is  quite  possible  that  the  settlement 
may  have  been  made  several  years  previous  to  1729.  Soon  after  they  were 
joined  by  Stevenson,  Shannon,  the  Carnahans,  Nicholsons,  Williamsons  and 
others.  These  were  all  Presbyterians,  and  during  hostilities  with  the  Indians, 
they  were  in  the  habit  of  carrying  their  fire-arms  with  them  to  church  for  pro- 
tection in  case  of  assault. 

The  Williamson  Massacre. — "The  Williamson  massacre,  as  to  date  and 
details,  is  a  matter  of  tradition,  as  far  as  known.  We  find  it  put  down  as  hav- 
ing occurred  in  1753  or  1754.  The  family  lived  on  the  farm  adjoining  the 
Andrew  McElwain  tract  on  the  east  side.  The  evening  preceding  the  mas- 
sacre several  men  from  the  Carnahan  Fort  were  stopping  at  Andrew  McEl- 
wain's,  distant  about  three  miles  from  the  fort.  About  dusk  Mrs.  McElwain 
went  out  to  look  after  some  cattle.  Nearing  the  stock- yard  she  heard  the 
sound  of  footsteps,  as  of  men  getting  over  the  fence  at  the  opposite  side.  Be- 
lieving them  to  be  Indians  she  returned  to  the  house  and  informed  the  inmates 
of  what  had  occurred.  The  men  from  the  fort  remained  keeping  watch  during 
the  night.  About  daylight  the  sound  of  guns  was  heard  from  beyond  the  hill 
in  the  direction  of  the  Williamsons,  nearly  a  mile  distant.  Immediately  all 
started  for  the  fort,  and  after  proceeding  a  little  way  it  was  discovered  that  a 
babe  had  been  left  in  the  cradle.  Two  of  the  men  returned,  brought  the  child 
away,f  and  all  reached  the  fort  in  safety.  Shortly  after  their  arrival  a  number 
of  men  was  sent  out  from  the  fort  to  look  after  the  Indians.  Reaching  the 
Williamson  farm  they  found  that  the  whole  family — some  eight  or  nine  persons, 
Mrs.  Williamson  exepted — had  been  murdered.  I  may  add,  that  the  only 
material  difference  between  this  and  other  versions  of  this  bloody  affair  which 
have  come  to  my  notice,  is,  that  Mrs.  Williamson,  carrying  a  child  with  her, 
escaped. 

"  Another  incident  connected  with  the  strife  between  the  hostile  Indians  and 
the  early  settlers  I  may  mention,  although  not  so  fully  informed  "as  to  its 
details.  The  Nicholsons  lived  near  the  Whisky  Run,  on  what  is  probably 
best  known  as  the  farm  once  owned  by  Rev.  John  Snoke.      The  event  is  put  at 

*Eev.  James  B.  Scouller,  well  versed  in  the  local  history  of  the  township,  places  the  date  of  the  earliest 
settlers  in  Mifflin,  in  his  sketch  in  Dr.  Wing's  History,  at  1734-36,  "  because  at  the  time  the  wave  of  population 
flowed  up  the  valley  on  the  north  side  of  the  Couodoguinet." 

t"  This  rescued  babe,"  says  Rev.  James  B.  Scouller,  "  was  the  grandmother  of  James  M.  Harlan,  of 
Mifflin." 


Mim.iN  rowNSHiP. 


309 


about  IT:.:.      During  thenight  the  Nicholsons  were  disturbed  bj  the  bariring 

<)f  their  doa      The  married   brother  opened   the  .1 '  to  Bee  what    waa  the 

matter      [nstantly  he  waa  ahoi   bj   the  tndiana,  r,ll  dead  at   the  door,  was 

drawn  inside  and  the  .1 :  closed.     The  [ndians  made  several  attempts  to  get 

into  the  house,  but   ...  each  oase  were  buo. sfcdly  reaisted.      I 

brother   assisted  bj  the  dead  man's  wife,  kept  up  a  oonstant  fire.      Chey  had 

thr ons;  the  women,  while  the  fight  wen!  on,  made  bullets  and  loaded  the 

tons     The  Indians  retired,  leaving  no  dead,  but   blood  marks  seen  in  sev- 
"nil  ,,  ,,,  ground  the  next   morning  proved   that   they  had  suffered 

'     "The brother  and  widowed  mother  each  mounted  ahorse,  the  former  e 
ing  fche  bodj  of  the  Blain  man  before  bim,  and  the  latter  a  child  before  her, 
and  another  behind,  rode  to  Shippensburg,  and  buried  bim  there." 

Says  the  writer  of  theabove:  "1  feel  as  if  I  ought  to  saj  thai  I  haverelied 
ron  much  up...,  mj  own  recollection  of  whal  1  beard  mj  mother,  who  was 
born  in  Mifflin  Township  in  1795,  and  ber  brother  William,  whowas  bora  ten 
years  before  Baj  in  reference  to  the  tort,  the  defense  made  bj  the  Nicholsons 
and  the    W  ore.     L  am  indebted  to  Mr.  Andrew  McElwain,  of 

Pannettsburg,  Penn.,   for  the  names  of  the  first  three  settlers. 

'The  places  they  had  located  I  had  kno*  U.vhood.     M\  r.-.-,  .na- 

tion of  the  Williamson  affair  is  confirmed  In  Mr.  McBlwain's  statements,  and 
it  is  upon  his  say  entirely  that  thenumber  of  themurdered  isput  at  'eight  or 
nil„.  ■  i  ttave  a  verj  clear  recollection  of  mother's  statement  respecting  the 
killing  of  Mr  Nicholson,  the  defense  made  by  the  brother,  and  heroism  of 
thowoman  who  assisted  him  in  Loading  the  guns  and  molding  bullets  while 
the  fight  wen!  on.  But  as  to  the  statement  which  1  have  added  upon  informa- 
tion obtained  From  other  sources,  in  respect  to  carrying  the  dead  body  on 
!„„._,  :  sburg  tor  burial,  i  applies  nothing.      1  do  not, 

make  this  qualification,  however,  withavievi  to  caBt  discredit  upon  the  alleged 
fact,  but  simplj    I  that   it  is  well  nigh  impossible  that  my  mother  ever 

told  it  to  ma  With  this  explanation  before  yon  [the  township  historian]  it 
will  be  for  von  to  judge  of  the  authenticity  and  valueof  these  remini 

ers  whom  we  have  mentioned,  the  Laughlins  BrownB, 
M,.|.:iU  rhlins,  Agere,  Bradys,  were  all  probably  settled  in  what  is  n  »w    Mifflin 

of  all  arc  found  in  the  tax-lists  of  Eopwell 
(which  the.,  included  Mifflin)  of  that  year.  To  these  we  may  add  probably  the 
Porterfields  and  L  ps.  Seemingly  at  a  later  time  can,.,  the  McElhennys, 
Bells.  Scoullera,  Sterritts,  Morrows,  Lusks  and  others.  Most  of  these  EamUies 
have  departed  The  Nicholsons  were  extensive  slaveholders,  and  wh«n  Penn- 
sylvania abolished  slavery  they  removed  to  Kentucky.  One  of  the  descendants 
of  the  Shannon  family  has  i „  Governor  of  Ohio.  Of  the  Carnahans  a  de- 
scendant says:  "  1  have  no  means  of  fixing  the  preoise  date  of  the  Carnahan 
■  oment,  nor  can  I  saj  tl  '  brothers,  James  and  William,  came  the 

name  year.  Both,  however,  settled  previous  to  L740,  and  the  probability  '-• 
that  it  was  hut  a  few  years,  at  most,  after  the  settlement  of  the  first  comers 
(1729).     Thej    were  Scotchmen     .lames  bought   land    in   Ne  hip, 

William  in  Mifflin      James  and  William  Thompson  join 
sides  of  the  creek    and  William  Carnahan  located  a    little  lowei   down  the 

an,  the  upper  part  of  Ins  tract,  however,  adjoining  James',  with  a 
belonging  to  one  of  the  Williamsons   intervening  between   In-  and   William 
Thompson's  on  the  Mifflin  side.     -lam.- had  Ldam  and  James.    The 

son  James  was  a  captain  in  the  Revolutionary  war.  Joseph  Koons  has  in  his 
possession  the  sword  which  he  carried  during  the  war.      Adam  Carnahan  died 


310  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

in  1800.  His  brother,  James,  and  Robert  Carnahan  (son  of  "VYilliam)  were  his 
executors,  and  at  this  death  the  name  of  the  Carnahans  disappears  from  New- 
ton Township.  *  Robert  only  remained  in  Mifflin.  He  was  married  to  Miss 
Judith  McDowell,  who  was  born  in  Philadelphia  a  few  days  after  her  parents 
landed  (1703),  and  died  May  21,  1835.  They  had  four  children— two  sons, 
William  and  Robert,  and  two  daughters,  Margaret  and  Jane.  William,  the 
elder  son,  immigrated  to  Indiana  in  1835  (died  1869,  aged  eighty-four).  Rob- 
ert went  to  Cincinnati  (died  ).      Margaret  married  Robert  McElhenny. 

They  moved  to  Columbus,  Ohio,  but,  he  dying  soon  after,  she  returned  to  the 
old  home  in  Mifflin.      Jane  married  Isaac  Koons. 

Block-Houses. — There  was  a  number  of  smaller  forts  or  block-houses  in 
Mifflin  Township.  One,  probably  the  oldest,  built  about  the  beginning  of  the 
French  and  Indian  war,  is  said  to  have  been  located  on  the  creek  near  the 
mouth  of  Brandy  Run,  on  the  Carnahan  farm.  (See  sketch  of  Newton  Town- 
ship.) Others,  some  of  them  built  at  a  later  date,  seem  to  have  been  located 
as  follows:  One  on  the  Lusk  farm,  near  Sulphur  Spring;  one  at  McComb's, 
near  Doubling  Gap;  one  on  the  old  Knettle  farm,  near  Center  Schoolhouse, 
remains  of  which  existed  in  1809;  and  another  on  the  old  Zeigler  farm,  the 
chimney  of  which,  it  is  said,  is  still  standing,  now  the  chimney  of  the  house  of 
James  M.  Harlan. 

Daring  the  Revolution  there  lived,  in  the  Brandy  Run  region,  the  celebrated 
Capt.  Samuel  Brady,  the  Indian  fighter  and  commander  of  a  company  of  rang- 
ers. He  was  the  grandson  of  Hugh  Brady,,  the  elder,  who  settled  in  Hopewell 
Township,  where  we  have  given  some  account  of  Capt.  Brady  in  connection 
with  that  family.  There  was  also  living  in  this  section,  it  is  said,  one  Joseph 
Ager  (or  Aiger,  as  we  find  the  name  in  the  early,  1751,  tax  list),  more  famil- 
iarly known  as  "Joe  Aiger,"  who,  returning  one  day  to  his  home  (about  1755), 
found  his  father  and  mother  murdered  by  the  Indians.  Over  their  dead  bod- 
ies, it  is  said,  as  of  Brady,  that  he  swore  eternal  enmity  against  all  Indians, 
and  that  he  would  take  a  hundred  of  their  scalps  for  each  parent  who  had  been 
murdered.  Tradition  states  that  he  fulfilled  his  oath,  and  that  he  would  wan- 
der through  the  wilderness  as  far  west  as  the  Allegheny  River  and  the  valley 
of  the  Ohio. 

To  return  again  to  more  certain  ground.  It  can  not  now  be  told  who  settled 
first  along  the  Big  Run.  The  deed  for  a  tract  at  its  mouth  from  the  Penns  to 
John  Scouller  was  given  in  1762.  A  Mr.  Thompson  was  located  higher  up, 
between  the  Big  and  the  Back  Runs,  most  of  which  land  was  sold,  in  1765  to 
1770^  to  the  Fentons,  Mitchells,  Mathers,  and  possibly  some  others.  John 
McCullough  was  still  further  north,  near  the  mountain,  on  the  headwaters  of 
a  branch  of  the  Big  Spring,  on  what  was  since  known  as  the  McDannell  farm, 
partly  owned  by  G.  Stewart.  Adam  Bratton  and  his  three  brothers  in-law, 
James,  Robert  and  Nathaniel  Gillespie,  all  of  whom  had  slaves,  came  into  the 
township  in  1776.  Bratton  lived  on  the  farm  owned  by  his  grandson  Samuel, 
James  Gillespie  lived  partly  in  Frankford  Township,  Robert  on  the  Wagoner 
farm,  and  Nathaniel  on  the  Brown  or  Snyder  farm,  where  he  established  the 
first  tannery  in  the  township. 

In  the  records  of  the  court  for  October,  1778,  is  the  petition  for  a  road 
from  the  dwelling  house  of  Adam  Bratton  into  the  great  road  at  William 
Laughlin's  mill, leading  to  Carlisle.  Viewers:  James  and  George  Brown,  Rob- 
ert McFarlane,  James  Laughlin.  Samuel  McElhenny  and  John  Reed. 

Another  petition  in  1781,  from  Newton  (Mifflin  had  not  yet  been  formed), 

*Capt.  James  probably  went  to  Westmoreland  County.  Of  the  Carnahans  who  went  to  Westmoreland 
at  an  early  date  cities  the  Rev.  J.  A.  Carnahan,  a  pioneer  preacher  of  Indiana,  now  deceased,  and  doubtless 
it  is  to  the  Carnahans  of  that  county  to  which  the  parentage  of  Dr.  Carnahan,  of  Princeton,  can  be  traced. 


MIFFLIN    TOWNSHIP. 


::il 


■  Boor  a  road  beginning  at  Hogg  Ridge,  al  the  fool  of  Ihe  North  Mountain, 
thence  to  Col  Chambers'  mill;  thence  to  W  illiam  Langhlin  -  mill  .1,1  the  Big 
Bpring  Viewers:  Hugh  Patton,  James  Soroggs,  William  Hodge,  Robert 
Sharpe    Robert   McComb  and  Samuel  Moi  Smother  in    L781,  is  for  a 

toad  from  Laughlin's  mill  to  -lam,-  twin's  null;  thei 1-  John  Piper  -  mill; 

th.i,-  ie  spring  at  William  Hodges;  from  thence,  bj  Mr.  Mo<  rack, 

tavern,  past   John  Johnston's,  to  Squire  Charles  Leiper' a  sawmill.      \ 

C,,l     .lam.-  Chambers,    -I .  .1  u  1  Soouller,    John  Agnew,  alien   1 per,  William 

irlane,  -lam,-  Langhlin.  Laother,  still  earlier,  in  1  ,  ,:'.  is  the  prayer  tor 
11  road  from  1I1,'  Three  Square  Hollow,  above  Roberl  MoOomb's,  to  Chambers 
mill  bj  .loin,  Piper's  null,  t,,  James  Smith's  Gap,  in  the  South  Mountain. 
Viewer-:  .lames  .laek.  Robert  McComb,  John  Piper,  John  [rwin,  Roberl  Bell, 
and  James  Carnahan.  Another,  in  L782,  is  for  a  road  from  the  gap  of  the 
Run,  alios,.  Samuel  McCormick'B,  to  John  Scouller'a  mill;  thence  t,>  W  ill- 
iam Laughlin's  mill;  thence  to  Thornberg's  Furnace  in  South  Mountain. 
Viewers:  David  Sterritt,  A, lam  Bratton,  William  Hodge  and  others. 

McFarlan  located  about  1,000  acres  just  below  Doubling  Gap,  and 
in  this  connection  the  following  will  be  of  interest:  En  the  courl  records  for 
April,  1791,  is  the  prayer  for  a  road  "  from  Thomas  Harm-'  sulphur 
t  in  tl„,  gap  formerly  known  a-  McParlan's  dap."  to  Philip  Slusser's 
mill;  thence  to  Samuel  Mccormick's  mill;  thence  to  Carlisle.  Viewers: 
John  Moore,  John  Scouller,  William  Galbreath,  and  others.  The  above 
indicates  tons,  Beemingly,  the  nriginal  name  of  Doubling  (lap.  or  t ho  name 
by  which  it  was  known  prior  to  1791. 

HoFarlan's  land  was  divided  between  his  two  sons,  John  ami  W  illiam,  ami 
hie  two  sons  in  law,  R  berl  Galbreath  and  Samuel  Mitchell.  William  McFar- 
lan  Bold  hi-  t,,  Samuel  McCormick,  who  built  a  grist  ami  saw  mill  upon  it. 

All  til,  —  -  earlj  settlers  before  the  Revolution,  with  the  exception,  possibly, 
of  a  fe-H  En  dish,  were  Scotch  or  Irish.  The  Germans  came  into  Mifflin  at  a  later 
period,  and  probably  not  before  L782-83.  From  1790  they  came  in  rapidly; 
until,  to-, lay.  they  have  gradually  supplanted  many  of  the  descendants  of  the 
original  Bottlers. 

sri.I'HUB    SPRINGS,    ETC. 

Sulphur  springs  exi-t  in  various  portions  of  the  township.       Of  these  the 
celebrated  sulphur  spring,  in  a  beautiful  grove  in  the  midst  of  the  mount; 
at  Doubling  (lap.  is  best  known  ami  most  worthy  of  mention.      The  place  has 
been  a  popular  summer  resort  from  the  beginning  of  the  present   century,  if 
not  from  a  still  -  iod.     The  hotel,  also  in  a  grove,  with  lofty  mount 

nini  liftr  _  ps  t,,  the  l,lu,'  sky  on  either  side,  is  situated  in  a 

,.  ,,f  special  beauty.  The  hotel  itseb!  will  accommodate  more  than  li><> 
guests.  l,,  £ront  of  it,  beyond  the  shadow]  groves,  which  are  separated  by 
ihe  road  which  winds  through  this  bending  gap,  rises  one  knob  of  the  mount 
Bins  1,400  feet,  from  whose  Joftj  top.  "Flat  Rock,"  the  whole  beautiful  valley, 

from  the  gleaming  Susquehanna  on  the  east  to  where  the  turning  > il 

seem  like  Bubsiding  waves  to  the  southwest,  lies  like  a  panorama  at  your  f,',-t. 

;  one  third  of  the  distance,  a-  you  climb  the  ascending  path,  i-  tl 
dobs,   under  a  shelving  rock,  known  as  the  "Lewis'  Cave,"  bo  called  be, 

that  celebrated  highwayman  ami  robber 1  used  il  for  some  tim 

and  hiding                  m  justice.      This  was  probably  about    1816  or  1820.     TJn 
like  the  ordinary  highwayman,  '"  Lewis  the  Robber,"  is  said  to  have  stolen  from 
the  rich  and  given  to  the  poor.      This  fact,  in  connection  with  his  faculty  of 
making  friends,  hi-  love  of  fun  ami  adventure,  ha-  caused  him  to  be  r, 
bered  as  a  sort  of  Robin  Hood.      On,-  in-tan ,f  rather  humorous  generosity 


312  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

is  told,  in  which  he  loaned  a  widow  money  to  save  her  property  from  the  sher- 
iff, but  "recovered"  the  same  from  the  sheriff  himself  in  the  evening  as  he  was 
proceeding  homeward  to  Carlisle.  Some  of  the  neighbors  and  Nicholas  How- 
ard, of  Newville,  who  kept  the  hotel  during  those  summer  days,  knew  of  his 
retreat,  but  were  fast  friends  of  the  generous  outlaw.  When  the  coast  was 
clear  Howard  would  hang  out  a  flag  from  an  upper  window,  which  could  be 
seen  from  the  ' '  Cave, ' '  and  Lewis  would  come  down,  and,  with  some  trusted 
neighbors,  have  "a  jolly  night  at  the  hotel."  When  danger  was  on  his  track, 
he  kept  concealed  in  his  secret  hiding-place,  and  was  supplied  with  food.  In 
a  diary  kept  by  Samuel  J.  McCormick,  who  lived  two  miles  south  of  Doubling 
Gap,  is  the  following:  "On  Tuesday,  the  20th  of  June,  1820,  the  sheriff  of 
Franklin  County  arrived  with  a  party  in  search  of  David  Lewis  (the  robber), 
and  early  the  next  morning  proceeded  to  the  mountain  southeast  of  the  Sul- 
phur Springs,  where  they  discovered  a  cave  or  den,  where  they  found  blankets 
and  other  articles  known  to  belong  to  Lewis.  But,  according  to  the  best  in- 
formation, the  inhabitants  had  decamped  on  the  Thursday  before. ' '  This  was 
only  about  three  weeks  before  Lewis'  death.  It  was  known  that  Lewis  had  a 
cave  somewhere  in  the  mountain  to  which  he  fled  from  time  to  time,  but  its 
locality  was  not  discovered  before  June,  1820.  A  confrere,  who  is  described 
as  being  coarse  and  cruel,  sometimes  encamped  with  Lewis  at  this  cave,  but 
found  no  friends  in  the  Gap.  He  was  killed  at  the  same  time  that  Lewis  was 
wounded  unto  death. 

Whisky  distilling  was  a  prominent  industry  of  Mifflin  more  than  a  century 
ago.  Indeed  so  common  was  this  habit  of  turning  grain  into  this  fluid  form, 
that  a  distillery  might  be  seen  on  almost  every  farm.  From  this,  two  streams, 
the  Whisky  and  Brandy  Buns,  derived  their  names.  The  western  stream  is 
called  after  the  Gap  from  which  it  flows,  the  triangular  shape  of  which  sug- 
gested, humorously,  to  some  Irishman,  its  name,  "  The  Three  Square  Hollow, " 
a  name  by  which  it  is  still  known. 

CHUECHES. 

Beside  the  early  Presbyterians  there  were  a  few  Covenanters  in  the 
township,  the  former  attending  service  at  Big  Spring.  When  the  German 
Reformed  and  Lutheran  population  came,  they  first  erected  a  Union  Church, 
in  which  the  ministers  of  each  would  preach  alternately.  About  1790 
ground  was  given  by  Jacob  Zeigler,  near  Council  Bluff  Schoolhouse,  for  a 
church  and  grave-yard.  Here  a  log  church  was  erected,  with  a  high  goblet 
pulpit,  on  the  projecting  sides  of  which  were  painted  the  four  evangelists. 
Long  afterward,  1832,  the  Lutherans  organized  in  Newville,  erected  a  church, 
and  soon  absorbed  the  Mifflin  membership,  so  that  the  old  church  was  seldom 
used  and  was  finally  abandoned.      Later  it  was  altogether  removed. 

Some  Menonnite  families  in  the  upper  part  of  Mifflin  erected  a  log  meet- 
ing-house many  years  ago,  which  has  since  been  turned  into  a  private  dwell- 
ing There  are  other  churches  in  Mifflin,  but  more  modern,  and  which  need 
no  special  mention. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

There  are  eight  schools  in  the  township,  quite  a  number  of  fine  farms,  and 
an  industrious  agricultural  community.  No  railroad  touches  Mifflin  Township, 
and  it  has  but  one  postoffice,  Heberlig. 


£fl£^K'l&rkri 


MONROE    TOWNSHIP.  315 


CHAPTEB  XXIX. 
MONROE    low  NSHIP. 

MONROE  TOWNSHIP  was  formed  in  1825,  from  the  western  portion  of 
Alien,  which  the  I  to  the  Susquehanna  River.     It  lies  in  the  south- 

ern tier  of  townships,  and  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Silver  Spring  Township, 
on  the  easl  by  Upper  Allen  Township,  on  the  south  by  York  County,  and  on  the 

weal  by  South  Middleton  Township.     The  northern  chain  of  the  South  M 

tail I-;  extends  over  the  southeastern  portion  of  Monroe,  bounding  its  fertile 
fields  with  the  long  line  of  its  blue  horizon,  and  inclosing  u  itliin  its  deep  re- 
camber  of  valuable  b  ore,  such  as  are  to  be  found  also  in 
other  portions  of  the  township.  Beyond  the  " Callaposink "  or  Yellow 
Breeches  Creek,  which  flows  in  an  easterly  direction,  cot  far  from  the  base  of 
these  mountains,  are  the  slightly  rolling  hills  of  the  rich  Limestone  and  loam 
land,  where  fine  farms  and  farm  bouses  everywhere  abound,  whose  fields,  oul 
tivatfd  as  thej  are  by  the  industrious  farmer,  offer  an  abundant  harvest. 

The  first  settlers  who  came  into  what  is  now  Monroe  Township,  when  tl 
a  p  irtion  of  Allen,  were  evidently  the  Scotch  Irish,  although  there  are  few,  if 
any,  of  the  present  inhabitants  by  whom  their  names  are  still  remembered. 
They  were  here  soon  supplanted  by  the  Germans,  who  came  into  this  portion  of 
the  county  '  to  1  775. 

Of  these  earliei  Scotch  Irish,  whom  seem  first  to  have  taken  up  the  lands 
along  the  streams,  we  know,  however,  that  Bomewhere  east,  upon  the  Fellow 
Breeches  Creek,  there  was  a  settlement  known  as  Pippin's  tract,  where  Charles 
Pippin  settled  as  early  as  IT  1 "_! .  and  that,  following  the  creek  westward,  were 
John  Campbell,  the  owner  of  a  mill,  Rodger  Cooke,  David  Wilson.  John  Col- 
lin-. James  McPherson,  Andrew  Campbell,  Andrew  and  John  Miller.  Robert 
Patrick.  J.  Crawford  William  Pear,  John  Gronow,  Charles  McConnel,  Alex 
ander  EVazier,  Peter  Title.  Arthur  Stewart,  Thomas  Brandon,  Abraham  End- 
less, and.  last,  I  who,  as  we  know,  settled  upon  the  stream  to 
the  west,  in  the  adjoining  township. 

Of  the  Germans  who  came  prior  to  177").  all  of  whom  we  believe  have  de- 
its  still  living  in  the  town-hip.  were  John  Brindel,  Martin  Brandt,  Ja- 
cker,  John  and  Jacob  Cocklin,  Samuel  Niesley,  Joseph  Strack,  Leonard 
Wolf,  Gideon  Kober  (Co  >ver),  Jacob  Miller  and  a  number  of  ot  her-, 

George  Beltzhoover,  Sr.,  thi  er  of  (i -ge  Beltzhoover,  came  into 

the  township  from  York  County  at  a  much  later  period  (about  seventy  rive  or 
eighty  year-  ago).  Joseph  Bosler  now  owns  tic  George  Beltzhoover.  Sr. . 
oi  lived  on  the  south  side  of  the  creek,  on  land  now  owned 
by  his  daughter,  Mrs  Leidioh,  and  bis  son,  John  Beltzhoover.  The  mill  in 
that  vicinity,  now  owned  by  the  Shaffner  heirs,  W88  built  b\  Michael  (1.  licit/. 
hoover.  Jr..  upon  the  site  of  one  bought  of  the  Hopples,  and  the  mill  now 
owned  by  Mr-    I.  Le  creek  just  below  Shaffner*  s,  was  for  many  years 

known  a-  Brickex's  M.ll     after  Samuel  Brioker,  who  was  ,>wner  of  it  nearly  a 

century  ago.       The  lower    part  nl    tie-    upper  pari     frame,   whieh    litis 

been  added  within  the  recollection  of  the  living.      Even's  Mill,  on  the  creek 


316  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

still  below,  was  known  as  Brandt's  Mill,  and  Givler's,  still  further  east,  as 
Clark's  Some  families,  eighty  or  one  hundred  years  ago,  were  large  land- 
owners in  the  township.  The  farms  now  belonging  to  David  Niesley,  Herman 
Bosler,  of  Carlisle,  Mrs.  Sample,  and  David  K.  Paid,  were  all  owned  by  the 
Brickers— Joseph,  "William  and  Moses. 

The  farm  atLutztown,  owned  by  Mr.  Pressel,  and  the  one  owned  by  Samuel 
Cocklin  were  once,  some  three-quarters  of  a  century  ago,  the  property  of  Peter 
Bricker  The  farms  now  owned  by  John  Musselman,  John  Engle  and  Joseph 
Bosler  were  owned  by  George,  Abraham,  and  Martin  Brandt.  Clusters  of 
other  family  names  can  be  found  in  the  township,  where  the  sons  have  often 
been  born  on  the  same  homestead,  have  cultivated  the  same  fields,  and  walked, 
almost  literally,  in  the  footsteps  of  their  sires. 

CHURCHES    AND    CEMETERY. 

Of  the  Germans,  many  are  Lutherans,  but  there  are  some  German  Men- 
nonites,  who  have  a  house  of  worship  west  of  Churchtown.  There  is  also  a 
Dunkard  Church  and  cemetery  on  the  Lisburn  road,  about  one  mile  north. 

SCHOOLS,    INDUSTRIES,    ETC. 

There  are  twelve  schools  in  the  township,  most  of  them  substantial  brick 
buildings  Besides  the  predominant  agricultural  interest  and  the  iron  ore,  the 
burning  of  lime  is  also  an  industry,  and  quite  a  number  of  kilns  can  be  seen  in 
different  portions  of  the  township.  The  Harrisbiu-g  &  Potomac  Railroad 
passes  through  the  township  from  east  to  west,  and  the  Dillsburg  &  Mechamcs- 
burg  Railroad  from  north  to  south,  through  the  eastern  part.  The  postomces 
are  Allen  and  Brandtsville. 

VILLAGES. 

Churchtown  (Allen  P.  O.),  the  most  important  village  in  the  township,  is 
situated  near  its  center.  It  derived  its  name,  about  the  year  1830,  from  an  old 
Lutheran  and  German  Reformed  Church,  which  was  erected  just  east  oi  the 
present  town  about  1790. 

About  seventy  years  ago  there  was  considerable  woodland  and  only  three 
houses  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Churchtown.  The  first  town  lots  were  sold 
by  Peter  Leivinger  in  1830.  He  was  owner  of  the  land  on  the  eastern  side  of 
Main  Street,  between  Church  and  High  Streets,  The  plat  of  the  town  con- 
tained eight  lots  east  of  and  fronting  on  Main,  five  south  and  fronting  on 
Church,  and  one  lot  north  fronting  on  High  Street.  The  old  house  which  has 
for  many  years  been  occupied  as  a  hotel,  was  erected  by  Jacob  Vv  ise  about 
1804  and  was  the  first  house  built  in  Churchtown.  The  town  has  at  present 
four  churches:  Mennonite,  Lutheran,  Bethel  and  United  Brethren.  It  has 
two  public  schools.  Some  of  the  earlier  residents  were  Peter  Leivmger,  Daniel 
and  Rudolph  Krysher,  Adam  Stemberger,  David  Diller,  Jacob  Ritner  (son  ot 
ex-Gov.  Ritner,  of  Pennsylvania),  George  Lutz,  John  A.  Ahl,  Samuel  and 
John  Plank.  ,  „  ,     _..    „.     , 

It  was  at  this  place  that  Jacob  Plank,  the  grandfather  of  A.  W.  Plank,  now 
a  justice  of  the  peace,  came  at  an  early  date  from  Lancaster  County,  and  in^ 


vented  what  was  probably  the  first  plow  patented  in  Pennsylvania.      One  of 
these  patents,  about  1836,  is  entitled  "J.  Plank's  improvement  m  the  Plough, 
and  bears  the  plain  and  characteristic  signature  of  Andrew  Jackson 

Allen  Lodge,  No.  299,  K.  of  P. ,  has  here  a  membership  of  about  100.      Cx. 
W.  Eberly  is  B.  &  C.  S. 

Leidich's  Station,  on  the  Harrisburg  &  Potomac  Railroad,    about  two  and 


\i:uTM\   TOWNSHIP.  :f  1  ' 

a  half  milee  east  of  Boiling  Springs,  was  called  after  George  W.  Leidich,   who 
owned  land  in  the  vicinity,  and  was  established  in  1874. 

Brsi  pis!  mil]  here  was  built  bj  Mr.    Wolf  about   riinety-Beven  years 
ago.     The  farm  al  this  place,  oow  owned  bj  George  Beltzhoover,  was  patented 
,,,,!   \\,,ir  the    L9th   oi  June,  1786,  and  was  tor  a  long  time  in  the 
ion  of  his  descendants.     The  farm  on  the  south  side  .of  the  creek,    now 
owned  bj  Jacob  Softer,  was  pari  of  this  Leonard  Wolf  tract,  owned  afterward 
b,  1,,,  . .'     .  |  ^olf,  bj  whom  it  was  sold  to  Michael  Ege,  from  whom  it 

wa>  purchased  bj  Samuel  Hofter,  Sr. 

d  It's   Stan. ml    cm  the    Harrisburg   \    Potomac    Railroad,    about  three 

miles  east  of  Boiling  Springs,  wa^  named  after  Michael  ('■.  Brandt,  who  owned 

d  ..ii  which  it  is  Located,  and  was  established  in  1ST  I.     This  Land  has 

1 ,,  in  the  possession  of  the  Brand!  familj  sinoe  1  ?65.     Martin  Brandt,  grand 

•father  of  Michael,  was  the  firs!  of  the  family  who  owned  it.     A  saw-mill  and 
olover  mill  were  buili  here  about  L828. 

Worleytownis  a  small  cluster   of  houses  on  the   York  road,  not  far  from 
Low  Breeches  Creek      It   dates  from  about  L815,  and  was  called  after 
!  Worley,  who  owned  the  land  in  the  vicinity. 
Boxburj  is  a  small  cluster  of  houses  upon  the  line  which  separates  Mon- 
roe  an.l  Silver  Spring  Townships. 


CHAPTER  XXX. 

NEWTON   1<>\\  NSHII'  AND  BOROUGH  OF  NEWVILLE. 

NEWTON  TOWNSHIP,  originally  included  in  Hopewell,  was  formed  in 
17»'.T  It  is  of  a  wedge-like  shape,  and  is  hounded  on  the  north  by  Mif- 
flin Township,  the Conodoguinet  Creek  being  the  dividing  line;  on  the  east  by 
West  Pennsborough,  Perm,  and  Cook  Townships;  its  extreme  point  south 
touching  the  line  of  Adams  County,  while  on  the  west  lie  the  townships  of 
Southampton  and  H> pewell. 

In  its  sunt  hern  portion,  extending  some  two  or  three  miles  northward  from 

the  has.,  of    the  S..uth   Mountains,   are  what    are    known  as  the    pine  lands,   of   a 

gravelly  character,  but  which  produce  good  crops  of  wheat.  Then,  through 
iter  of  the  township,  tor  the  breadth  of  Beveral  miles,  is  the  bell  of  the 
richer  clay  and  limestone  land  while  to  the  north  is  found  the  shite  formation 
which,  under  the  improved  methods  of  agriculture,  has  grown  to  produce  yearly 
m..re  abundant  ci 

There  are  a  number  of  small  springs  or  streams  in  the  northern  and  south- 
ern portions  of  the  township.     In  the  south,  among  the  mountains,  rises  the 
Yellow  Breeches   Creek,   which   is  here,   however,   only  a   small  stream,  the 
of  which    is  1  rlj    Pine    Bun.      On  its   northeastern   boundary  is 

g  Spring,  which  empties  into  the  Conodoguinet  ( 'reek,  and  near  its  western 
in  the  northern  portion  of  the  township.     The  Lands  known 
;is  the  ■•  Barrens"  lay  near  Oakville,  a  small    region  devoid  of  streams.     The 
road  from  Carlisle  to  Shippensburg  passes  through  them.      W  hen  the  township 
ithern  portion  of  it  was  covered  with  a  dense  growth 
of  yellow  pine,  with  undergrowth  of  oak,  hickory  and  chestnut.     The  center — 


318  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY.    * 

that  known  as  the  "  Barrens  "—was  without  timber;  but  about  the  middle  of 
the  last  century,  small  pine  trees  began  to  make  their  appearance  on  these 
barren  lands,  until,  about  1800,  they  were  covered  with  a  thriving  growth  of 
valuable  timber.  Within  the  last  half  century  much  of  this  timber  has  disap- 
peared and  much  of  it  has  been  needlessly  destroyed. 

In  the  early  days,  before  the  white  settlers,  there  was  an  Indian  pack  trail 
through  the  township,  extending  along  the  Green  Spring,  thence  over  to  the 
head  °of  the  Big  Spring,  and  thence  toward  Dillsburg  and  York.  There  was 
also,  at  a  later  day,  a  fort  known  as  "Fort  Carnahan,"  or  as  it  was  sometimes 
called,  "Fort  Jack."  It  was  built  on  the  James  Jack  farm,  now  owned  by 
James  and  Joseph  Koons,  situated  in  Newton  Township  near  the  Conodo- 
guinet  Creek,  opposite  the  William  Carnahan  tract  in  Mifflin  Township,  now 
owned  by  Parker  Q,  Ahl.  There  is  no  doubt  about  this  being  the  fact,  says  our 
informant,  himself  a  descendant  of  the  Carnahans.  "The  Carnahans,"  sayf 
he,  "spoke  of  its  location  with  the  greatest  certainty."  As  late  as  1840,  evi- 
dences of  its  foundations  remained,  and  the  channel  cut  from  the  Green  Spring 
to  supply  the  fort  with  water  even  then  could  be  traced." 

What  a  wonderful  change  has  occurred  since  those  days,  seemingly  so  dis- 
tant, of  the  Indian  trail,  or  the  log  fort,  not  only  here,  but  throughout  this 
whole  universally  admired  region!  As  strange,  they  are  in  reality,  as  are 
the  sudden  changes  in  a  drearu. 

"  Look  now  abroad— another  race  has  filled 

These  populous  borders;  wide  the  wood  recedes, 
And  towns  shoot  up.  and  fertile  realms  are  tilled; 
The  land  is  full  of  harvests  and  green  meads." 

The  earliest  settlers  in  the  township  were,  as  everywhere  in  the  county,  the 
Scotch-Irish.  Among  them  were  the  McCunes,  Sharps,  Sterritts,  Fultons, 
Graceys,  Mickeys,  Scroggs,  Kilgores,  Beatlys  and  others.  Some  of  the 
descendants  of  these  are  still  in  the  possession  of  the  homes  where  their 
ancestors  settled.  Much  of  the  land  in  Newton  Township  had  not  been  taken 
up  at  the  time  of  its  formation  in  17G7.  A  tract  of  100  acres,  partly  in  New- 
ton and  partly  in  Mifflin  Township,  was  taken  up  by  Bobert  McCoome  m  174b; 
one  was  located,  of  100  acres,  by  John  Herman  in  1752;  James  Kilgore  and 
Samuel  Williamson  also  each  took  up  a  tract  this  year;  John  and  Hugh 
Laughlin  took  up  tracts,  of  200  acres  each,  in  1766,  and  George  Thompson 
100  acres,  while  in  the  following  year,  1767,  when  the  township  was  formed, 
tracts  were  taken  up  by  Samuel  Bratton,  Matthew  Boyd,  William  Carnahan, 
Joseph  Eager,  Bobert  Mickey,  William  Nicholson  and  others. 

By  far  the  largest  amount  of  land,  however,  seems  to  have  been  taken  up 
in  1794,  during  which  year  twenty-five  tracts  of  400  acres  each,  aggregating 
10  000  'acres,  were  taken  up  by  the  following  twenty-five  persons:  William 
Auld,  Horace  and  John  Bratton,  Samuel  Dickenson,  Thomas  Heeling,  Josiah 
Lewi's,  Atcheson  and  John  Laughlin.  Adam  and  George  Logue,  James  Lam- 
berton,  William  and  Henry  Miller,  James  Moore,  William  McFarlan,  Samuel 
McClintock,  William  McCracken,  Mark  and  William  McCasland,  Benjamin, 
David,  George  and  Alexander  McCune  and  George  Wilson. 

David  Bawlston  also  took  up  a  tract  of  several  hundred  acres  on  the  Big 
Pond  during  this  year  1794.*  Many  tracts  of  land  on  the  North  Mountain, 
from  Doubling  Gap  to  Sterrett's  Gap,  were  taken  up  by  various  parties  m 
1794.  Nearly  all  of  the  early  inhabitants  of  Newton  Township  were  Scotch- 
Irish  Presbyterians,  and  among  those  who  came  at  about  or  before  this  time 

»There  were  probably  earlier  warrants  than  we  have  mentioned,  as  of  some  known  to  have  existed  we 
can  find  no  record. 


\!  n  POH   TOWNSHIP.  819 

:  mini-i.-r.  who  settled  al  Big  Spring,  whose  grandfather,  John  Brown,  a 

pions  oarrier  of  Muir  Kirk    Parish,  Scotland,  was  shot,  in    1686,  bj   Graham 

of  Claverhonse.  I  until  near  the  close  of  the  last  centurj  that  a  few 

hi  families  began  to  oome  into  the  Lower  portion  of  the  township.     Thej 

...1  on  the  pine  Lands  along  the  mountain.  Before  L802  thej  had  ereoteda 
small  church,  which  was  known  as  the  Dutch  Meeting  Souse.  Among  these 
were  the  Seavers,  Thrushes,  Frys,  Bricl  i  and  others.  Until  after  1830  the 
German  inhabitants  of  Newton  constituted  bu<  a  small  portion  of  its  population; 
to-day  thej  own  much  of  the  mosi  desirable  land  in  the  southern  portion  of 
the  township. 

Among  the  families  still  represented  in  Cumberland  Countj  by  numerous 
descendants,    were  the  Sharps,    who  settled  in  Newton  Town  hip  al   an  early 
period     The  ancestor  was    Tin. mas  Sharp,  bul  the  6rst  who  came  to  America 
i,!-.  Bon  Robert.     He  ram.'  over  at  a  verj  earlj  age,  and  soon  returned  to 
thej  had  immigrated  at  Borne  previous  period  from 
Scotland,   and  persuaded  his  father  to  bring  his   ■  not 

later  than  1746.  <  Thomas  Sharp,  the  father,  had  married  Margarel  Elder, 
the  daughter  of  a  Scottish  laird,  by  whom  he  had  five  sons  and  five  daughters. 
All  of  th( — iwned  Lands  afterward  in  Cumberland  County,  in  the  neighborhood 
,,f  ,;,  Robert,  Alexander,  Andrew  (killed  by  the  In- 

dians), John  and   I  hters  one  married   John   McCune,  an 

other  James  Hemphill,  another —      Fullerton,  another  John  Smith  of  L 
Township,    ao*    Franklin  but   thru  Cumberland   County,   and  another      — 
Harper,   father  William  Harper  <      D  on  Township.     All  of 

these  sons,  excepl    Andrew,  and  all  the  husl  i  daughters,  lived  and 

,li,„l  m  tl,.  I   the   Big  Spring.     Their  hour-  and  those  of  their 

children,  and  many  of  their  children's  children  are  buried  there,  in  the  old 
grave-yard  of  the  United  Presbyterian  Church  at  Newville.  All  of  these  sons 
of  Thomas  Sharp  were,  with  the  exception  of  Uexander,  commissioned  officers 
in  the  Indian  war  or  the  Revolution.  Alexander  wen!  as  a  private.  The  chil- 
dren of  Alexander,  who  married  Margaret  McDowell,  were  Andrew,  Rev.  Alex- 
ander Sharp.  Dr  William  M  Sharp,  John,  the  father  of  Gen.  Alexander 
Brady  Sharpe,  of  Carlisle,  known  as  "John  Sharp  of  the  Barrens;"  Col. 
Thomas  Sharp,  elder,  who  died  unmarried,  aged  nineteen,  and  Ellen,  who 
man     ,  -  mi  one.      Rev.  Alexander  Sharp  married    Elizabeth  Bryson, 

and  his  children  were  Dr.  Alexander  Sharp,  who  married  Nelly  Kent,  a  si  ter 
of  the  wife  of  Gen.  Grant,  and  Andrew,  who  was  the  father  of  the  late  Hon. 
.1  M  Dowel!  sharp,  born  in  Newton  Town-hip.  one  of  the  ablest  lawyers  in 
pa  ,  ,„i  one  of  tl  mbers  of  the  Constitutional 

Convention  in  1872  73.  Rev.  Alexander  Sharp  lived  on  the  Green  Spring, 
and  was  pa-tor  of  the  church  at  Newville  (Big  Spring),  from  {.824  until  the 
time  of  his  death  in  January,  ls~>7. 

in.ler  Sharp,  the  Bonof  Thomas,  the  ancestor,  was  the  largest  land- 
owner in  the  township,  his  tract  extending  from  near  Newville  to  the  turnpike 
above  Stoughstown,  a  distance  of  aboul  four  miles  in  length  and  several  miles 
in  breadth,  nearly  all  of  which,  variously  divided,  is  in  the  hands  of  his  de 
soendants  to  this  day.  It  bordered  on  the  north  on  the  headwaters  of  the 
Green  Spring,  the  rigW  to  the  watercourse  of  which  stream  was  the  cause  of 
the  long  war  between  the  sharps  and  Kilgores  I'm  I  Litigation,  after  old  Mr. 
Kilgore  had  been  nearly  impoverished  by  it.  was  brought 

0  acres  another  of  20.  are  found  in 

Sh.lr; 

fr,.i,.  ..v  Hamilton  for  aid  against  the  Indians  July,  17..I     Bee  Bopp's  Hlslor im- 

berlaii'i  ; ->se  66- 


320  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

tercession  of  Samuel  McCune  (father  of  the  wife  of  John  Sharp  of  the  Bar- 
rens) who  was  known  in  the  community  as  the  peacemaker.  Alexander  Sharp 
had  a  tannery,  distillery,  mills,  etc. ,  and  one  of  his  apprentices  at  the  tanning 
business,  which  he  carried  on  extensively,  was  Robert  Garrett,  of  Baltimore, 
father  of  John  W.  Garrett,  former  president  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Rail- 
road, and  grandfather  of  Robert  M.  Garrett,  the  present  president  of  that 
road'.  He  sent  him,  after  his  apprenticeship  was  over  and  before  he  was 
twenty  years  of  age,  to  Baltimore,  where  he  had  never  been,  to  begin  life, 
secured  for  him  a  warehouse,  turned  much  of  the  trade  of  the  valley,  then 
carried  to  Baltimore  in  wagons,  to  his  place  of  business,  and  laid  the  founda- 
tion of  the  fortune  of  which  he  died  possessed. 

Andrew  Sharp,  the  son  of  Thomas  Sharp,  the  ancestor,  was  killed  by  the 
Indians  at  what  is  now  Sharpsburg,  a  town  which  was  called  after  him.     He 
went  from  this  valley  to  Indiana  County  in   1785,  and  located  on  Crooked 
Creek   eight  miles  west  of  Indiana,  on  the  famous  Indian  trail  known  as  the 
Kittannina   Path,    and    which    Gen.    Armstrong   followed   in   his    expedition 
against  the  Indians  at  Kittanning  in  1756.      He  took  with  him  his  only  child, 
Hannah    born  in  Cumberland  County  February  14,  1784  (married  in  180.3  to 
Robert  Leason),  from  whom  we  take  the  following  account  of  the  killing  of 
her    father,    Capt.    Sharp,   which   was   given   by   her  in   a  letter  written   to 
her  grand-nephew,  William  Moorhead:   "My  father,"  says  she,  "was  a  mili- 
tia captain,  and  served  under   Gen.  Washington  in  the  Revolution.     He  was 
married  to  my  mother,  Ann  Woods,  in  their  native  place,  Cumberland  County, 
in  1783    and  with  a  family  of  one  child  moved  to  Crooked  Creek,  in   what  is 
now  Indiana  County,  Penn.      This  being  a  new  country,  there  was  no  chance 
for  schooling  his  children.      My  father,  after  living  there  ten  years,  was  de- 
termined on°having  them  schooled.      He  swapt  his  place  for  one  m  Kentucky, 
where  my  mother's  friends  lived.      We  started  to  move  to  Black  Lick  River, 
and  o-ot  'into  our  boat,  but  the  water  was  low,  and  we  had  to  land  over  a 
day  and  a  night.      We  started  the  next.      Father  had  a  canoe  tied  to  the  side 
of  the  boat.     It  got  loose.     He  went  back  for  it    When  he  was  away,  there  was 
a  man  came  and  told  us  the  Indians  were  coming.      By  that  time  father  got 
back      All  the  women  and  children  were  in  the  boat.      The  men  went  out  to 
tie  up  their  horses.      The  sun  was  an  hour  and  a  half  high.      Seven  Indians 
fired  upon  them.      They  were  hid  behind  a  large  tree  that  had  fallen  down. 
The  first  fire  shot  off  my  father's  eyebrow.      When  he  was  cutting  one  end  of 
the  boat  loose  he  got  a  "wound  in  the  left  side.      When  he  was  cutting  the 
other  end  loose  they  shot  him  in  the  other  side,  but  he  got  the  boat  away  before 
they  could  get  in.     He  saw  an  Indian  among  the  trees.    He  called  for  his  gun. 
Mother  gave  it  to  him.      He  shot  him  dead.      The  boat  got  into  a  whirlpool, 
and  went  round  and  round  for  awhile,   when  the  open  side  went  toward  land 
and  the  Indians  fired  at  us.      They  followed  us  twelve  miles   down  the  river. 
They  called  to  us  to  go  out  to  them  or  they  would  fire  again.     Mrs.  Leonner 
and  her  son  wanted  to  go  out  to  them.      They  said  the  men  were  all  killed  or 
wounded  [i.  e.,  the  seven  who  had  gone  ashore].      Father  told  him  to  desist 
or  he  would  shoot  him.      The  Indians  shot  him  dead  that  minute.      He  fell 
across  my  mother's  feet.      There  were  two  dead  men  and  two  wounded.      One 
of  them  died  the  next  morning.      There  was  no  woman  or  child  hurt.      There 
were  twenty  in  all.      They  took  my  father's  horses.      The  others   got  theirs. 
My  mother  worked  the  boat,  and  we  got  to  Pittsburgh  again  by  daylight.    One 
man  went  on  before  us  and  had  doctors  ready.      When  we  got  to  Pittsburgh 
there  were  a  °reat  many  kind  neighbors  came  to  see  us  when  we  landed       We 
lived  awhile  in  the  boat.     We  moved  up  to  the  city  before  father's  death.     He 


NEWTON    TOWNSHIP. 


321 


lr^  forty  days  after  he  was  wounded.     There  were  three  [wounds]   in  him, 

on t  each  side  and  one  in  his  bank."     He  died  the  eighth  daj   of  July   m 

thefo  l  year  of  Mb  age,  in  the  year  1794     He  was  buried  with   h 

f  war  in  Pittsburgh." 
His  brother,   Uexander  Sharp,  went  from  Cumberland  Count)  to  Bee  him, 
butOapl    Lndrew  Sharp  had  died  before  he  arrived  in   Pittsburgh.     "Mj  on 
ole,"  the  writer  continues,    "stayed   with  us  till  there  were  wi  tor. 

We  went  over  the  mountains  to  Cumberland  County,  where  our  friend  Lived, 
and8tayed  there  three  years,  where  we  went  to  school,"  when  the\  moved 
back  to  their  old  home  in  tndiana  County.  "It  was  a  part)  of  twelve  Indians 
that  wen!  to  Pittsburgh  to  trade,"  we  are  Eurther  informed  "who  killed  Oapt. 
Sharp.  'I'll.'  peoplewould  not  trade  with  them.  Thej  got  angrj  and  killed 
all  they  oould  that  .lav.  There  were  three  men  wenl  down  the  river  in  a  canoe 
before  us,  one  of  whom  was  shot  dead;  the  other  two  were  wounded.  One  of 
them  died  and  the  other  got  well.     He  laj  inaroom    aext    to  father's  room. 

H,.  oould ,.•  to  Bee  father.     This  was  the  la-*  war  whioh  was  in  that  part  of 

ill.,  country.     It  was  in  the  year  1  794  when  all  these  things  happened"! 

have  given  the  above  vivid  aooount,  not  only  because  m  concerns  ohm 
<>f  the  early  pioneers  belonging  to  one  of  the  largest  families,  or  cluster  of 
families,  in  Newton  Town-hip.  but  also  as  illustrative  of  the  times,  and  as  one 

instant f  the  trials  and  tribulations  of  the  early  settlers,  who,  impelled  by 

the  restless  spirit  of  adventure  which  was  in  their  blood,  moved  still   farther 
Aa,,l,   and  were  driven  back  to  Cumberland  County  by  the  remorseless 
cruelty  of  the  Indians. 

og  the  pioneers  who  settled  at   an  early  .late  in  the  upper  portion  of 

th unty  were  the  Moorheads,  Borne  of  whom  resided  in  tint   portion  which 

i-  now  Franklin.      The  name  of  John  Moorhoa.l  is  found  in  the  tax  list  of  1750. 

if  theearliest  of  this  familv  was  Fergus  Woorhead,  who,  impelled  west 

hunger  for  land,"   left  the  county  in   L769,  the  year  in 

which  the  land  office  was  opened  for  the  sale  of  lands  in  the  northwestern  and 

southwestern  counties  of  Pennsylvania,  and  purchased,  of  the  Penns,  a  large 

trad,  known  in  the  patent,  after  the  English  fashion,  as  ••Sulneld,"  two  miles 

we-t  of  the  present  town  of  Indiana,  on  the  road   to  Kin,. nun,-.     The  smoke 

of  Moorhead's  cabin  was  the  firs!  that  arose  from  the  chimney  of  a  legal  land- 

A,..ii  the  Conemaugh  River  and  the  old  French  fort  at  Le  BoeufF. 

He.  like  hi-  co  -..(tiers  in  the  Cumberland  Valley,  was  a   Scotch    Presbyterian, 

who  "carried  his  Bible  in  one  hand  and  his  ritle  in  the  other." 

Two  of  his  brothers,  Samuel  and  Joseph,  accompanied  him  from  their  old 
home  in  Cumberland  County,  to  help  in  bringing  the  wagons,  Live-stock  and 
goods.  On  theirtrip  they  traveled  partly  on  the  road  made  by  Gen.  Arm- 
strong and  hi-  men  some  twelve  years  'before,  when  he  led  his  expedition 
against  the  Indians  at  Kittanning.  Here  he  lived  until  the  outbreak  of  the 
narv  war.  when  the  Indians  became  hostile  to  the  English.  In  1775 
be  under!  duct   a  man.  by  the  name  of  Simpson,  from    his  home  to 

Kittaning.     Simpson  was  the  bearer  of  dispatches  from  the  government 
the  commander  of  the  Fort,  whowas  Moorhead's  brother.     Near  the  Fort 
fchej    were  waylaid  by  the  Indian-.   Simpson  was  shot,   and   Moorhead  taken 
prisoner,  carried  to  Quebec  and  sold  to  the  British.     When  his  wife  ha 

inoed  that  irrane  had  befallen  him,  -he  started  through 

the  wilderness  for  Cumberland  County,  with  one  child  in  front  of  her. on  the 

•It  seems  also  from  the  letter  that  he  wa»  recovering,  but  that  the  cannons  fired  on  the  tth  of  July  caused 
"fU  was  in  August  of  this  year  (1794)  that  Gen.  Wayno  gained  his  decisive  victory  over  the  Indians. 


322  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

horse  and  one  behind  her.  She  went  by  way  of  Fort  Ligonier,  and  reached 
the  Cumberland  Valley  in  safety.  Just  one  year  after  being  taken  prisoner, 
Moorhead  returned  to  his  father's  home  in  Cumberland  County  from  Quebec, 
he  having  been  exchanged  as  a  prisoner. 

At  Fort  Shippen,  in  the  Cumberland  Valley,  he  and  his  brother  Samuel 
(who  also  had  gone  away,  built  a  grist-mill  above  Homer  City,  which  was 
burned,  and  he  driven  back  by  the  Indians)  signed  a  petition  to  Gov.  Penn, 
that  means  might  be  adopted  to  protect  the  frontier  inhabitants.  After  the 
close  of  the  war  he  returned  again  to  his  new  home,  near  Indiana,  which  he 
found  in  ruins;  but  he  soon  built  a  stone  house,  which  is  still  standing,  and 
which  has  ever  since  been  occupied  by  his  descendants.  It  was  said  to  have 
been  built  of  memorial  stones  heaped  by  the  Indians  upon  the  gi  aves  of  then- 
dead.  One  son  of  Fergus  Moorhead,  Joseph,  was  wounded  at  St.  Clair's  de- 
feat; another,  James,  was  killed  at  Perry's  victor}',  on  Lake  Erie;  another, 
Fergus  Moorhead,  Jr. ,  was  the  paternal  grandfather  of  Silas  M.  Clark,  of  the 
Supreme  Court.* 

VILLAGES. 

The  township  contains  few  villages.  Jacksonville  (Walnut  Bottom  P.  O. ), 
before  1825,  consisted  of  but  six  log  houses.  One,  a  two-story  house  on  the 
hill,  was  kept  as  a  tavern  by  an  Irishman  named  John  McCaslin.  Some  dis- 
tance east  was  another,  known  as  the  ' '  Bull  Ring ' '  tavern,  kept  by  Michael 
Hawk.  The  land  on  the  north  side  of  the  road  was  the  property  of  Peter 
Fry,  and  the  village  was  at  first  called  Frystown.  It  was  afterward  called 
Canada,  and  later  Jacksonville.  About  1820  the  pine  forest  extended  to  the 
town. 

Stoughstown,  on  the  turnpike  in  the  eastern  portion  of  the  township,  was 
called  after  Col.  John  Stough,  who  kept  a  tavern  there  for  many  years,  which 
tavern  was  also,  prior  to  1846,  kept  by  his  son.  The  town  dates  back  to  nearly 
the  beginning  of  the  century,  and  the  tavern,  for  many  years,  was  one  of  the 
most  noted  as  a  relay  house  for  the  teamsters  and  the  stages  on  the  road.  Near 
Stoughstown  is  a  large  spring,  from  which  a  fine  stream  issues. 

Oakville  is  a  small  post-village  west  of  the  center  of  the  township  and  a 
station  on  the  Cumberland  Valley  Bailroad.  Prior  to  the  building  of  this 
road  it  had  no  existence. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

There  are  small  beds  of  iron  ore  at  places,  particularly  in  the  southern 
portion  of  the  township.  The  Big  Pond  Furnace  was  built  some  three  miles 
southeast  of  Leesburg,  or  Lee's  Cross  Roads,  about  forty  years  ago,  near  the 
Big  Pond,  a  deep  and  somewhat  stagnant  pool,  from  which  seemingly  there  is 
no  outlet,  made  by  a  mountain  stream,  on  which  are  Seever' s  mill,  Buchanan's 
mill,  and,  after  the  Three  Springs  flows  into  it,  Oyster' s  mill.  This  furnace, 
however,  at  the  Big  Pond,  was  long  ago  abandoned. 

The  Cumberland  Valley  and  the  Harrisburg  &  Potomac  are  the  two  rail- 
roads which  pass  through  Newton  Township.  The  postoffices  are  Newville, 
Green  Spring,  Oakville,   Big  Spring,  Stoughstown  and  Walnut  Bottom. 


BOROUGH  OF  NEWVILLE. 

The  borough  of  Newville  is  handsomely  situated  on  the  Big  Spring,  on 
the  line  of  the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad,  some  twelve  miles  westward  of 

*As  to  the  Moorheads  settlement  in  Indiana  County,  see  also  the  sketch  of  that  co 
tory  of  Pennsylvania,  p. -79:5.  The  date  is  there  given  as  1772.  but  as  we  have  obtained  ( 
descendant,  who  gives  the  date  as  1769,  we  prefer  to  let  it  stand. 


\l  \\  IMS     TOW  N^llll'. 

Carlisle.  It  was  first  incorporated  as  a  borough  b]  an  ad  of  the  Legislature 
cm  the  26th  of  February,    1817,  but   its  incepl  ettlemeni   ante-dai 

the  century,  and  carries  us  back  to  the  days  of  our  Colonial  Government. 

1,,  the  eai  lier  pari  of  the  la-t  centurj  there  was  something  of  ;i  settlement 
in  the  country  Burrounding  the  Big  Spring,  as  a  Presbyterian  congregation 
was  in  existence  at   that   pla  A  wan  ant   for  a  tract  of  about 

ninety  acres  of  land  wbb  issued  bj  the  provincial  authorities  on  bfarch  2, 
1711  .   namely:    William  Lamond,  James  Walker,  Alexander 

McOiintock  and  David  Killaugh,  in  trust  for  the  Presbyterian  congregation  at 
which  had  previously,  about    L738,  erected  a  house  of  worship.* 
Dpon  this  glebe  the  congregation  built  a  h  was  occupied  until 

after  1786,  but  priorto  L790  it  was  abandoned  as  a  parsonage,  and  in  L794 
laid  out  into  village  lots.  A  plan  of  the  new  town  was  drawn,  which  consisted 
of  01l.  treat,   extending   from  the  spring  westward,  with   Cove  and 

(ilrh.  parallel  on  the  north  and  south,  crossed  bj  Corporation, 

and  West  Streets,  the  former  two  extending  northward  to  the  boundary 
of  the  glebe.     The  first  lots  were  laid  out  upon  those  streets,  and  the  remain 
ing  portion  of  the  tract    was  divided  into  larger  parcels  of  from  two  to  five 
tor  pasture  or  tillage. 

The  first  Bale  of  lots  was  September  9,  1  ?90.  Other  Bales  occurred  during 
the  eight  or  ten  years  succeeding,  until  all  were  sold.  They  were  not  put  up 
at  auction,  hut  were  disposed  of  a^  fixed  prices,  most  of  them  selling  for  $6 
each.f  The  pasture  lots  were  all  sold  April  9,  1  795,  at  prices  ranging  from 
s-jl  to  $27  per  acre.  About  eight  acres  on  the  northeast  corner  ..I'  the  glebe 
were  reserved  for  a.  parsonage,  and  subsequent^  purchased  bj  the  pastor,  Rev. 
s.  \\  i  lots  laid  out  for  the  new  town,  there  was  a  reserved 

incumbrance,  with  an  annual  quit  rent  of  6  per  cent  to  the  church,  most  of 
which  annual  quit-rents  were  extinguished  in  1836.  J 

1  msT    HOTELS,     SToKI'S,    ETC. 

The  lirst  buildings  were  erected  upon  the  eastern  part  of  Main  Street  and 
on  North  <  lorporation.      Robert  Lusk  was  one  of  the  earliest  citizens,  an.  I  is  said 

to  have  1 n  the  first   innkeeper  in  Newville.     He  built  the  third  house  from 

the  Bpring  on  Main  street,  in  which  he  opened  the  first  tavern.  This  was 
before  1792,  for  in  the  petition  to  the  court  for  a  license  m  Au-ust  of  that  year 
he  speaks  of  having  kept  "a  bouse  of  entertainment  in  the  house  whore  he  now 
lives  the  preceding  pear,  and  i-  desirous  of  continuing  the  same."  Samuel 
McCullough,  having  provided  himself  with  a  house  for  keeping  a  tavern  in  the 

of  Newville,  also  prays  the  court  t<>  r mmend  him  to  the  Governor  Eor  a 

lice,,,,,  th,  John  Dunbar  shortly  opened  a  hotel  m  the  third  house 

above  Corporation  Street,  but   at  what  exact   'late  is  to  OS  unknown. 

The  first  store  i-  -aid  to  have  been  opened  on  North  Corporation  Street,  on 
the  east  side  and  north  of  Cove  Alley.  About  1797  Thomas  Kenned..  Esther 
of  the  hue  Judge  John  Kennedy,  of  the  supreme  court  of  Pennsylvania,  and  of 
Jamis  Kennedy,  for  many  years  a  justice  of  the  peace  in  Newville,  opened  the 
second  st. >re  upon  the  opposite  side  0f  <  lorporation  Street,  in  what  is  known  as 
the   Woodburn  row.      "Stephen    Ryan   then   opened   where    Mbrrow'e   brick 

house   Btandfl,    and    Was   sue. led   by   Chri-dian    C.eese.         .lo--ph    Colbert-oil   next 

wat.-r  i  ■  ighlln,  and  one  opj  '  ' ''■'"     ,  .  . 

...  „n  the T  front  lots  w«i  .ack  lot. 

tiTanemch  with  auii  totheannoy- 

uee  ofcoliectlng  these  rents,  the  Lnul  '  "f  thc  incumbrance  on 
most  i.l                              .inted  to  thc  owners  titles  in  fa 


324  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

opened  in  the  stone  house  on  the  southeast  corner  of  Main  and  Corporation 
Streets,  which  Gen.  Samuel  Finley  had  built  in  1799.  Joseph  Showalter, 
Alexander  Barr,  William  McCandlish,  John  Johnson,  James  Huston  and  oth- 
ers followed. ' '  These  were  the  early  merchants  of  the  town.  The  first  resi- 
dent physician  was  John  Gedds.  He  came  from  Silver  Spring,  and  settled  in 
Newville  about  1792,  after  having  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  McCoskry,  of 
Carlisle.^    Here  he  practiced  until  his  death  in  1840. 

The  village  must  have  improved  with  tolerable  rapidity,  for  in  1799,  nine 
years  after  the  sale  of  the  first  lots,  there  were  five  tavern-keepers  in  Newville. 
These  were  James  Woodburn,  Joseph  Shannon,  Thomas  Clark,  Thomas  Martin 
and  Philip  Beck.  Two  years  later,  1801,  James  Woodburn  built  the  Logan 
House,  which  is  still  standing. 

In  the  year  1S00  the  first  postoffice  was  established.  Before  this  time  there 
were  no  offices  nearer  than  Carlisle  and  Shippensburg.  For  about  twenty  years 
there  was  but,  one  mail  each  way  per  week.  Then  there  were  two  until  the 
building  of  the  railroad  in  183S,  when  the  daily  mail  and  the  daily  papers  first 
made  their  appearance.  There  is  now  Pullman  cars  and  a  variable  number  of 
daily  mails  each  way. 

Coming  down  to  about  1806  and  after,  we  find  that  the  appearance  of  the 
town  is  within  the  recollection  of  the  living.  James  Woodburn  kept  the  hotel 
on  the  corner  of  Main  and  Corporation  Streets.  Up  two  or  three  lots,  John  Dun- 
bar kept  a  hotel.  The  names  of  two  of  the^ehotels  were  "The  Indian  Queen" 
and  ' '  The  Eagle. ' '  Opposite  was  Samuel  Crowell,  on  the  corner  of  Main  Street, 
not  yet  built  up.  Near  the  corner  of  Main  and  High,  Philip  Beck  kept  a  tav- 
ern. On  the  extreme  upper  end  of  Main  Street  Patrick  Dunfee  and  William 
MacMonagal  had  their  inns.  Besides  these  there  were  two  on  Corporation 
Street,  Thomas  Clark  and  Andrew  Thompson.  The  area  of  these  public  houses 
embraced  the  extreme  limits  of  the  town.  Few  buildings  had  been  erected 
west  of  High  Street.  Clusters  of  buildings  afterward  grew  up  on  the  western 
end  of  Main  Street,  and  the  two  portions  of  the  town  gradually  grew  together. 
The  original  portion  of  the  town,  however,  was  that  lying  just  north  or  slightly 
northwest  of  the  old  Presbyterian  Church  and  cemetery. 

INCORPORATION,     ETC. 

The  town,  which  was  first  laid  out  in  1794,  remained  for  more  than  twenty 
years  a  part  of  Newton  Township.  Dissatisfaction  existed  as  to  the  propor- 
tionate assessments  of  property,  and  on  application  to  the  Legislature  a  bor- 
ough charter  was  granted  February  26,  1817.  The  town,  however,  con- 
tinued to  pay  its  proportion  of  road  taxes  to  Newton  Township  until  January 
sessions,  1828,  when  the  borough  was  formed  into  a  township  by  the  court.  To 
get  rid  of  the  inconvenience  of  two  sets  of  officers — borough  and  township — a 
more  comprehensive  charter  was  granted  by  the  court  in  1869. 

Since  the  building  of  the  railroad,  the  track  of  improvement  has  turned 
south  toward  the  depot,  and  westward  along  the  line  of  the  road,  giving  to  the 
plan  of  the  town  quite  an  irregular  form. 

What  was  known  as  Newtown  was  laid  out  prior  to  the  war  by  the  McFar- 
lan  brothers,  John  and  William  Gettys,  and  some  buildings  erected.  Shortly 
after  the  Ahl  brothers  laid  out  an  addition  to  the  borough,  extending  south- 
westerly toward  the  railroad,  on  the  Jerry  McKibbon  land,  which  two  por- 
tions of  the  town  were  taken  into  the  borough  of  Newville  in  1874,  and  now 
constitute  the  South  Ward.  Until  this  time  the  boundaries  of  the  old  glebe 
farm,  which  had  been  originally  granted  to  the  church,  constituted  the  limits 
of  the  borough. 


NEWTON    TOWNSHIP. 


825 


Wv.ll...  i..  L845,  iBdworibed  bj    Rupp  as  having  abort  100  dwel 
j  mills,  taverns  and  churches  (two  Presbyterian  and  one  Lutheran),  and 

,!„-„  puK  boI U.      Previous  ...  this,  in  1840,  il  ia  deaonbed  as  baring •  « 

rtores  and  three  taverns.     Its  population  at  jar......  periods  has  I a:   Ln  L880, 

.„,   564;   1850,  715;   L§60,  885;  1870,907;   L880    l  i 
The  to^rn  was  divided  into  the  north  and  wrath  warda  bj  a  decree  of  the 
court,  oonfirmed  July,  1874. 

AN    HISTORICAL    OHABAI    I 

One  .>f  the  ...  m\  interesting  facta  in inection  with  the  history  of  the  town 

rfNewviUe   is  that  the  artizan,  William  Denning,  who  sue ded  ...  making 

SoSral   wrought-iron  cannon  in  America, _  lived,  after  the •*«»*"•*£» 

wrighborl 1  of  Kewville,  and  was  buried  in  the  grave  yard  o    the  old  PreBby 

terian  Churchal  .bat  place.     Notombal ,  however,  marks  the  spot,  al  hough 

so, (the  older  citizena  claim  to  have  located  ...      He  died  D ,..  ber  19, 

ring  aooounl  ia  given  of  him  in  Hazard  a  Register,  Vol.  Vll. 
"The  deceased  was  an  artificer  in  the  [Revolution.     He  it  was  who,  in  the  days 

of  his  country's  u !.  made  the  only  successful  attempt  ever  made .in  the  world 

to  manufacture  wrought-iron  cannons,  two  of  which  he  completed  at  Mid. jo- 
sex  in  this  county,  and  commenced  another  and  larger  one  a  Mount  Holly 
butoould  gel  no  one  ...  assist  him  who  could  stand the  heat .wind,  is  said 
rebeenso  great  as  to  melt  the  buttons  off  hisdothea.  This  un  in.sl.ed 
ilea  as  he  loft  it,  at  either  Mount  Holly  or  the  (  arhsle  Bar- 
racks'.    One  of  thoe mpleted  was  taken  by  the  British  at  the  battle  of  Bran- 

dywine,  and  ia  now  ...  tie  Tow,,-  of  London.  The  Bntish  Governmenl  offered 
alarge  Bum  and  a  Btated  annuity  to  any  peraon  who  would  instruct  them  in  the 
manufacture  of  that  article,  but  the  patriotic  blacksmith  preferred ,obscurrfy 
and  povcrtv  in  his  own  beloved  country  to  wealth  and  affluence  in  that  of  ber 
oppreesors  although  that  country  for  which  he  did  so  much  kept  her  purse 
otoaed  from  the  veteran  soldier  till  near  the  close  of  his  long  life,  and  it  often 
required  the  whole  weighl  of  his  well  known  character  for  honesU  to  keep  him 
from  the  severest  panga  of  poverty.  When  such  characters  are  neglected  by  a 
rich  government,   it  ia  00  wonder  thai  some  folks  think  Republics  ungrateful. 

curia  n.  s. 
The  First  Presbyterian  <  liurch  at  Newville  was  erected  about  1 738.  It  was 
a  W  building,  in  the  southern  part  of  the  graveyard  now  used  by  the  congre- 
gation. Thepre-,..,t  stone  structure  was  buill  about  L790.  It  was  a  plain 
Bbuuding*  with  three  doors,  and  with  the  pulpit,  on  the  north  sale.  It 
had  pews  with  high,  straight  backs.  In  L842  it  was  handsomely  remodeled  ... 
modern  style,  and  is  now  one  of  the  handsomest  churches  in  the  valley.  It  is 
built  in  a  delightful  grove  near  which,  in  the  language  of  Dr.  New,,,  '■rolls 
gently along  the  clear  and  lovely  stream  from  which  it  has  received  its  name, 

and  which  for  ages  has  i a  flowing  .....  apparently  the  same,  while*  thecrowds 

that  have  been  weekly  gathering  on  its  brink  have,  one  after  another,  lain 
down  within  the  sound  of  its  murmurs"  to  then-  long,  last  sleep.  Thomw 
rhead  was  the  first  pastor,  installed  in  1738.  He  died  in  the  pulpit  alter 
the  close  of  an  eloquent  Bermon,  while  its  last  words  were  still  uponnis  lips. 
His  remains  were  buried  where  the  church  now  stands,  th Ay  monument  of 

his  memory.  .   .  _      ,     ,,         , .,. 

Church.— This church, originally  ••Secede,-,     was  built 

of  logs,   B -ding  to  the  inscription  on  it.  in  L764.      This    was   followed   by    a 

stone  church  about  L790,   a  brick   1826,  anew  brick   w    L86S        1  he  present 


326  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

handsome  brick  church  edifice  was  built  in  1882.  It  is  upon  an  elevation  in  a 
beautiful  grove,  and  with  its  grave-yard  just  back  of  it.  Upon  a  tablet  in  the 
church  building  is  engraved  the  dates  which  we  have  given:  "  United  Pres- 
byterian Church.      Pounded  A.  D.  1764— Erected  A.  D.  1882.',' 

First  Methodist  Church. — This  was  built  in  1826.  It  was  of  brick  and 
stood  on  the  back  part  of  the  present  lot  on  Main  Street.  The  present  one, 
of  brick,  was  built  in  1846. 

First  Lutheran  Church. — This  was  built  in  1832  on  North  High  Street,  and 
the  present  one  in  1862  on  West  Main  Street. 

"Bethel"  Church. — A  Bethel  Church  was  built  in  1830,  which  is  now  occu- 
pied by  a  colored  congregation.  The  present  Bethel  Church  on  Railroad 
Street  was  built  in  1859. 

United  Brethren  Church. — This  is  located  on  Fairfield  Street,  and  was 
built  of  brick  in  1867. 

CEMETERY. 

Owing  to  the  necessity  for  new  burial  ground,  the  Newville  Cemetery  was 
organized  a  few  years  ago.      It  is  beautifully  situated  west  of  the  town. 

EDUCATIONAL  INSTITUTIONS. 

For  some  years  before  and  after  the  middle  of  the  century,  classical  schools 
were  established  in  Newville.  In  1832,  Joseph  Casey,  the  father  of  Judge 
Casey,  of  the  United  States  Court  of  Claims,  opened  a  classical  school,  which 
lasted  for  a  period  of  eight  or  ten  years.  He  had  received  his  education  at 
Glasgow,  and  was  a  thorough  Latinist.  About  1843  another  clasical  school  was 
opened,  which  included  all  the  ordinary  academic  studies.  This  was  established 
by  R.  D.  French,  who  was  succeeded,  in  1846,  by  Mr.  Kilburn;  in  1849,  by 
James  Huston;  in  1852,  by  W.  R.  Linn. 

Rev.  R.  McCachren  erected  an  academy  building  at  about  this  time,  where 
he  and  others  taught  until  1857,  when  it  was  succeeded  by  a  normal  school. 
The  Rebellion  broke  this  up;  but  even  after  the  war  a  classical  school  was  con- 
ducted by  F.  L.  Gillelon,  who  was  succeeded  by  Dr.  Stayman  and  W.  H. 
Thompson.  At  this  time  the  academy  building  was  used  as  a  female  school. 
Both  succumbed,  however,  either  to  the  growing  favor  for  larger  colleges  or 
the  public  schools. 

There  are  eight  public  schools  in  Newville,  with  fit  buildings,  one  of  which, 
a  commodious  brick  structure  with  inclosed  grounds, 'has  been  recently  erected. 

NEWSPAPERS. 

The  first  newspaper  published  in  Newville  was  in  1843,  but  it  was  a  small 
sheet  and  of  brief  duration.  The  Star  of  the  Valley  was  started  in  1858  by  J. 
■  M.  Miller.  The  Enterprise,  which  had  been  established  at  Oakville,  in  May, 
1871,  by  the  Fosnot  Bros.,  was  moved  to  Newville  in  December,  1874,  and 
the  two  papers  were  consolidated  as  The  Star  and  Enterprise,  under  the  man- 
agement of  J.  C.  Fosnot  &  Son.  in  January,  1886.  It  is  an  eight  page  weekly 
paper.  The  Times,  which  was  begun  at  Plainfield,  and  known  as  the  Plain- 
field  Times,  in  the  winter  of  1881,  was  moved  to  Newville  in  the  winter  of 
1885;  it  is  a  neat  eight-page  weekly  paper,  conducted  by  J.  W.  Strohm. 

BANKS. 

The  first  bank  in  Newville  was  the  "  Newville  Saving  Fund  Society. "  It 
was  organized  March  9,  1850  and  dissolved  March  31,  1858.  A  private  bank- 
ing firm  was  started  by  Rea,  Gracey  &  Co.,  in  1857,  and  was  reorganized  un- 
der the  United  States  charter  in  August  of  1863,  as  the  First  National  Bank  of 


RSWTOS   TOWNSHIP.  ::'-'^ 

Newville,      It   is   in  a  handsome  building  on   Railroad  Street,      [te  capital  is 
000. 

I  iki    I'l  im;  i  mi  NT. 

Friendship  Fire  Company,  No  I,  meets  in  the  Council  Boom,  Easl  Mum 
Street,  on  the  second  Tuesday  evening  of  each  month.  J.  C  Fosnot,  presi- 
dent; J.  M    Ree  I.   Becretarj 

Washington  Fin  Company  meets  on  second  Fridaj  eveningsoi  eachm 
I)    \.    Dhomas,  president;  Oreo.  L.  Grossman,  secretary. 

I    IIES. 

Big  Spring  Lodge,  No.  361,A.   F.  M.,  was    instituted  June   L,  1866,  with 

the  following  named  charter  members:  J.  A.  Kunkel,   Harry  Manning,    \V.  B. 

aaker,  Peter  A.  AM,  David  AM,   A.  Byers,   Samuel  Byers,    William  Bor- 

laiu[.  .la,,,.  '.    D.  II.  Gilmore,    J.  S.  Hays,    II.   S. 

r,  s.  I.  [rvine,    William  Blink,  K.  R.  McAcMan,   C.  T. 

UcLaughJ  tfcOandlish,   J.  P.  Rhoads,  Henry  Snyder,   S.  A.  Sollen- 

berger,  J.  A.  W Iburn,  M.  William-.  S.  C.    Wagner.     Number  of  members 

September  L5,  1866,  fortj  four.  Officers:  Roberl  II.  Stake, "W.  M.;  G.  A.  Ilea, 
s.  W.;  John  E.  Mickey,  J.  W.;  A.  Byers,  Treasurer;  S.  G.  Glauser,  Sec- 
retary. 

/,/..  No.  173,  J.  0.  0  /•'..  was  organized  May  28,  1846, 
with  thf  following  named  charter  members:  James  F.  Coxel,  A.  J.  North,  J. 
B.  Myers,  H.  S.  Ferris,  Archibald  Bricker,  J.  G.  Kyle,  Joseph  Fry,  Lewis 
Bhoads,    I  ■    E.  E.  Brady  and  John  C.  Kyser.      Membership 

numbers  Bi  I  Pi  sent  officers  are  D.  P.  Sollenberger,  N.  G.;  J.  H.  Ployer, 
\      \    Q    ;    J.  C     I  sri'tary:    B.  V.  Shulenbere-er.  Treasurer. 

Big  Spring  aent,   No.    92,    /.  0.  0.  /•'..    instituted   February  23, 

1855,  has  a  membership  of  nineteen.  Presenl  officers  are  George  Murphy,  C. 
P.;  D.  P.  Sollenberger,  S.  W.;  G.  B.  Weast,  J.  W. ;  J.  C.  Fosnot,  Scribe; 
B.  F.  Shulenberger,  Treaaurer. 

niehanna  Tribe,  No.  131,  I.  0.  K.  flf.,  was  instituted  at  SMppensburg 
June  21,   lSTn,  with  t  ie;  named  charter  members:    J.  Berr  Reddig, 

William  II  Lawrence,  A.  D.  Rebok,  O.  M.  Blair.  Samuel  S.  Shryock  and  H. 
At  A-h.  The  tribe  removed  to  Newville  December  2,  L875.  Its  present  mem- 
and  its  officers  are  Joseph  Jeffries,  Sachem; 
Josephs.  Tolhelm,  Senior  Sagamore;  J.  W.  Taylor,  Junior  Sagamore;  J.  C. 
Fosnot,  Chief  of  Records;  D.  N.  Tie.,, .a-.  Keeper  of  Wampum. 

7/,,   ■■  /.  l   c.,"  and  literary  club,  meetingweekly,  was  organized 

June  24,  1884,  with  the  following  named  members:  W.  B.  Stewart,  G.  B. 
Landis  and  E.  I>.  Glauser.  Present  membership  numbers  fourteen,  and  the 
officers  are  George  Fosnot,  President;  George  Landis,  Vice  President;  E.  D. 
Glauser.  Secretary;    W.  B.  Stewart.  Treasurer.      This  club  has  a  library. 


328  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 


CHAPTER   XXXI. 

NORTH  MIDDLETON  TOWNSHIP. 

"VTORTH  MIDDLETON  was  originally  a  portion  of  Middleton  until  that 
IN  township  was  divided  into  North  and  South  Middleton,  in  1810,  when 
it  became  a  separate  township.  It  then  embraced  also  Middlesex,  which  was 
formed  from  it  subsequently. 

It  lies  just  north  of  Carlisle,  bounded  on  the  north  by  the  Blue  Ridge  or 
the  North  Mountains,  on  the  east  by  Middlesex,  on  the  south  by  South  Mid- 
dleton, and  on  the  west  by  West  Pennsborough  and  Frankford  Townships. 

The  Conodoguinet  Creek  flows,  with  very  abrupt  and  irregular  curvatures, 
through  the  southern  portion  of  the  township,  the  land  lying  on  the  south  side 
being  the  usual  limestone,  and  on  the  north  slate,  formation.  There  are  very 
many  fine  farms  in  the  township,  and  particularly  on  the  south  side  of  the 
creek. 

EARLY    SETTLERS. 

This  township,  like  all  or  most  of  the  others  in  Cumberland  County,  was 
originally  settled  by  the  Scotch-Irish,  but  at  a  later  period  many  Germans 
came  into  it,  so  that,  to-day,  very  few  of  the  descendants  of  the  original  set- 
tlers are  left.  In  this  sense  it  stands  in  marked  contrast  with  some  other  sec- 
tions of  the  county. 

One  of  the  very  earliest  settlers,  not  only  in  this  township,  but  among  those 
who  first  pushed  their  way  into  the  North  Valley,  was  Richard  Parker,  many 
of  whose  descendants  are  still  living.  He,  with  Janet  Martha,  his  wife,  emi- 
grated from  the  Province  of  Ulster,  Ireland,  if  1725,  and  settled  three  miles 
from  Carlisle,  acquiring  land  by  patent  near  the  Presbyterian  Glebe  Meeting- 
House  on  the  Conodoguinet  Creek  in  1730. 

That  the  Parker  family  settled  west  of  the  Susquehanna  in  1725  there  is 
sufficient  evidence  in  the  land  office,  where,  among  the  records,  is  the  applica 
tion  of  Richard  Parker  in  1734  (the  year  his  tract  of  land  was  surveyed  to  him), 
for  a  warrant  for  the  land  on  which  he  had  "  resided  ye  ten  years  past,"  which 
would  carry  the  date  of  his  settlement  on  the  Conodoguinet  Creek,  near  Car- 
lisle, back  to  1724.  And  indeed  it  is  probable  that  even  at  this  early  period 
there  were  quite  a  number  of  settlers  between  this  point  and  the  Susquehanna. 
In  1729,  when  the  county  of  Lancaster  was  organized,  which  then  in- 
cluded Cumberland,  there  were  "  over  Sasquehanna, "  Hendricks,  Macfarlane, 
Silvers,  Parker  and  others,  who  claimed  a  residence  of  from  five  to  ten  years, 
and  possibly  some  periods  which  were  still  further  back,  but  which  are  now 
unknown.  Emigrants  did  not  wait  for  the  purchase  of  the  lands  by  the  pro- 
prietories from  the  Indians,  especially  the  aggressive  Scotch-Irish,  who  were 
•'not  wanted,"  where  the  lands  had  already  been  acquired,  but  were  directed  to 
push  forward  to  the  frontier. 

Thomas  Parker,  the  son  of  Richard,  was  also  born  in  Ireland,  but  came 
over  with  his  father.  He  died  in  April,  1776.  A  number  of  the  members  of 
this  family  served  in  the  Revolution;  and  the  widow  of  one,  Maj.  Alexander 
Parker,  who  laid  out  the  town  of  Parkersburg  at  the  mouth  of  the  Little  Ka- 


SOUTH    MIDDLETON   TOWNSHIP. 


829 


nawha,  and  who  is  buried al  the  Meeting  House  Springs,  afterward  married 
Gharlee  McClure,  DearOarlisle,  one  of  whose  children,  Charles,  who  was  secre 
terj  of  the  commonwealth  tinder  Gov.  Porter,  married  Margaretta  Gibson,  the 
daughter  of  Chief  Justice  Gibson,  of  Pennsylvania. 

Comparative!]  tevi  of  thenamesof  the  earl]  Scotch  [rish  settlers  in  tins 
township  are  within  the  reoollection  of  the  living.  At  an  earl]  period  Patrick 
and  William  Davidson,  William  Gillingham,  James  Kilgore,  Joseph  Clark, 
Peter  Wilkie  and  John  MoClure owned  land  near  the  proposed  site  of  Carlisle. 
and  portions  of  it  had  to  be  bought  hack  by  the  Proprietaries.  "William 
Armstrong's  Settlement,"  on  the  Conodoguinet,  was  just   belov.   the  Meet 

II   ose  Springs.      David  W  illiams,  a  wealth]  land-owner  and  tl arliesl  known 

elder  of  that  church,  James  Joung  and  Robert  Sanderson  were  probabl]  in 
eluded  in  that  settlement  In  following  the  creek,  Thomas  Wilson  resided 
further  to  the  east,  near  Henderson's  mill,  while  adjoining  him  on  the  east  was 
James  Smith,  and  on  the  smith  Jonathan  Holmes,  bj  the  Bpring  and  on  the 
land  now  owned  by  Mrs.  Parker.  Turning  westward  again  upon  the  creek, 
jus!  one  mile  or  more  north  of  Carlisle,  and  just  to  the  left  of  the 
hill,  was  the  home  of  Col.  Ephraim  Blaine,*  an  officer  in  the  Indian  war.  a 
patrmt  in  the  Revolution,  and  the  grandfather  of  tho  Hon.  James  Q.  Blaine, 
of  Maine.  Turning  northeasterly  from  Carlisle,  at  some  early  period,  Corn. 
C Brian  owned  a  large  tract  of  about  700  acres,  including  the  tract  up- 
on which  the  almshouse  stands  and  several  farms.  Mr.  Stiles  afterward  came 
jht,,  possession  of  about  300  a. -res  of  this  tract,  where  the  almshouse  now 
stands,  and  erected  his  home,  which  was  known  as  "Clermont."  It  was  after- 
ward purchased  b]  tli mt]  for  its  present  purpose.  On  the  glebe  belong- 
ing to  the  Meeting  House  Springs,  was  the  Rev.  Samuel  Thompson  (1798), 
near  which  were  lauds  belonging  to  John  Davis,  Esq.,  who  at  one  time  (1777) 
commanded  the  Second  Battalion  of  Cumberland  Count]  troops  in  the  Revolu- 
tionary-war. Still  further  up  the  creek  were  William  Dunbar  and  Andrew 
Forbes,  near  which  place  a  mill  was  afterward  erected  by  \\  illiam  Thompson. 
Amongthe  Scotch  lush  who.  in  the  year  1793,  lived  in  the  surrounding 
neighborhood  of  the  Meeting  House  Springs,  were  the  following:  .lames  Doug 
las,  John  Dunbar.  Alexander  Blaine.  John  Gregg  (died  ISDN  or  1809),  bob 
eit  Sanderson.  John  Logan,  .lames  Milligan,  Ross  Mitchell.  John  Forbes;  and 
at  a  still  earlier  period  than  this.  Stuart  Kowan.  who  died  there.  Other  names 
we  meet,  with  the  dates,  areas  follows:  William  Parker  and  David  Willil 
son.  1794;  William  Templeton,  1795;  Alexander  Logan,  1  797;  Andrew  Logan, 
L798;  William  Don-las  and  William  Dunbar.  1799;  George  Clark.  1803; 
John    Reid,     William     Dinney,     James    Cameron,     1805;    Samuel     McKnight, 

lso. 

But  there  is  a  list  of  still  older  names  of  the  "heads  of  families  in  this 
section,  for  which  we  are  indebted  to  a  manuscript  fragment,  made  by  the 
Eta  l"  Robert  Davidson,  who,  in  connection  with  Dr.  Charles  Nesbitt  tie- 
first  president  of  Dickinson  College,  was  the  first  pastor  over  the  United  Pres 
byterian  OS   of  Carlisle,      The   manuscript    is   dated    November   26, 

1816,  and  is  headed.  the  Heads  of  Families  belonging  to  the  differ 

ent    districts  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  Carlisle.";'     The  list,   which  is 

riblj  unfinished,  is  as  follows:  John  Tempi. 'to,,.  Andrew  Logan,  Matthew 
Agi  -"'ii.  David  Parker,   Andrew  Gregg,  John  Forbes. 

•lie  lived  llM  i  ■■■■■■.!. 

Tlalt  U  thetlmf  oftb«lD»urr  .  i  .-Minimi.'. 

*  l'li.-.'  dales,  Mk.-n  tnm  autbi  I  "  "'"'  " 

earn,  i  'v 

..f  these  early  Scolch-Irish  were  Presbyterians. 


330  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

And  these  notes  of  a  few  families  as  they  were  then  (1816)  constituted:  (1) 
John  Templeton  and  Jane  Templeton,  May  McKee  and  Sarah  Kennedy.  (2) 
Alexander  Logan  and  Jane  Logan,  William,  Alexander,  John,  Mary  Jane  and 
Elizabeth — three  young  children.  (3)  Margaret  Logan,  Margaret  Davidson 
and  Eleanor  Logan,  with  black  man  Coesen.  (4)  Mathew  Agnew  and  Re- 
becca Agnew — two  small  children. 

Families  living  north  in  the  township,  in  1793,  in  the  neighborhood, 
including  Crane's  Gap,  were  as  follows:  Richard  Crane,  William  Clark,  John 
Sanderson,  John  Templeton,  Widow  Stuart,  Robert  Chambers,  Robert  Patton, 
Widow  Harper,  William  Fleming,  Patrick  Davidson,  James  Sanderson,  Widow 
Randolph,  Joseph  Kennedy,  William  Davidson,  Jr.,  James  Douglas. 

We  meet  the  names  with  dates  attached,  as  follows:  Joseph  Kennedy,  1795; 
Hugh  McCormick,  1795;  Thomas  Guy,  1797;  John  Kincade,  1797;  John  Flem- 
ming,  1798;  James  Mooreland,  1799;  James  Flemming,  1801;  John  Stewart, 
David  Williamson  and  Job  Randolph,  1802;  John  Williamson  and  Robert 
Blaine,  1803;  Davidson  Williams,*  1804;  Joseph  Clark,  1805;  John  Goudy, 
1805,  Paul  Randolph,  1806. 

Some  of  these  families  consisted,  in  December  of  the  year  1816,  as  follows: 
(1)  Patrick  and  Ann  Davidson — George,  Patrick,  John,  James.  Sarah,  Eliza 
and  two  small  children.  (2)  Richard  Grain,  Sr. — Elizabeth  Crain,  William 
Crain,  Abner  Crain  and  Maria  Dill.  (3)  Joseph  Clark  and  Mary  W.  Clark 
— Mary  Clark,  Ralph  Simson,  George  Crain,  and  servant  girl,  Margaret.  (4) 
Thomas  and  Sarah  Guy.  (5)  Samuel  and  Elizabeth  Guy — two  children.  (6) 
Paul  Randolph — William,  John,  Ann,  Susan.  (7)  James  and  Margaret  Flem- 
ming— William,  John,  Margaret  and  a  girl.  (8)  Rebecca  Sanderson — Mrs. 
Simkins,  Miss  Sanderson,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  McMichael.  (9)  Richard  Crain,  Jr., 
and  Sarah — Jane,  Eliza  Ann,  Sarah,  Richard.  (10)  Job  Randolph — William, 
Sarah,  Eliza  Ann,  Fanny,  Paul  and  Job.  (11)  R.  Clark  and  Ann — Alexan- 
der Gregg,  Widow  Crain,  Margaret  Crain,   John.  Robert,  Ann  and  Margaret. 

(12)  John  and  Deborah    Kincade — Jane    and    Susanah,   and  Francis  Kelly. 

(13)  William  Manwell  and  wife — Sarah,  Jane,  Elizabeth  and  Mary.f 

THE    CAVE.    ' 

One  of  the  greatest  natural  curiosities  in  the  county  is  ' '  The  Cave. ' '  It 
is  just  one  mile  north  of  Carlisle,  on  the  Conodoguinet  Creek,  in  a  large  lime- 
stone bluff,  which  is  covered  with  evergreen  trees.  The  entrance  to  it  is  a 
symmetrical,  semi-circular  archway,  about  eight  feet  high  and  ten  feet  wide, 
from  which  there  is  a  nearly  straight  passage  of  about  270  feet  to  a  point 
where  it  branches  in  three  directions.  The  passage  is  high  enough  to  admit 
the  visitor  erect  until  he  reaches  this  point.  The  passage  on  the  right  is  broad 
and  low,  but  difficult  of  access  on  account  of  its  humidity.  It  leads  to  a 
chamber  of  very  considerable  length,  which  is  known  as  the  Devil's  Dining 
Room.  The  central  one  is  narrow  and  tortuous,  and  can  not  be  entered  for 
more  than  a  distance  of  thirty  feet,  when  it  terminates  in  a  perpendicular 
precipice.  The  passage  on  the  left,  at  a  distance  of  three  or  four  feet,  turns 
suddenly  to  the  right,  and  measures  in  length  about  ninety  feet,  with  a  suffi- 
cient opening  to  permit  a  small  lad  to  creep  along  it,  after  which  it  becomes 
too  narrow  for  further  progress. 

About  seven  feet  from  the  entrance  are  several  small  pools,  probably  caused 
by  the  drippings  from  the  roof,  which  are  called  the  Seven  Springs.  Apart 
from  the  picturesqueness  of  the  spot,  traditions  and  legends  have  been  asso- 

*At  this  time  deceased. 

fHere  ends  the  manuscript  of  I>r.  Davidson;  for  which  we  are  indebted  to  the  Rev.  Dr.  Joseph  Vance,  the 
present  pastor  of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church  in  Carlisle. 


tTOBTB    MIDDLBTON    TOWNSHIP.  :;:;l 

dated  with  it.      It  has  been  state. 1  thai  human  bones  have  been  found  in  it. 

It  was  a  pla f  retreal  tor  Lewis  the   robber,  and  probablj  for  [ndiana  at  a 

still  earlier  period      Beveral  examinations  hare  been  made  of  it,  and  organic 

remains  of  many  Bpeeies  i  f  animals  were  found  in  it.     Among  the  bones  were 

found  those  of  almost  everj  species  of  mammals  of  tin' state,  besides  those  of 

tot  now  found  in  Pennsylvania,  bu1  known  in  regions  not  tar 

remote.    The  bones  Beem  to  indicate  thai  the  sii iceeded  thai  of  the  same 

,.| [ee  of  the  present  tiini>.      It  is  stated  that,  within  the  recollection  of  many 

living,  the  cave  has  grown  smaller,  probabl]  on  account  of  the  accumulation 
of  earth  in  it. 

MEETING    HOCSE    BPBXfTOB. 

About  two  miles  northwest  of  Carlisle  there  is  a  beautiful  spring  of  crystal 
water,  which  flows  from  under  lime-tone  rooks,  a1  the  bottom  of  a  bluff  ou  the 
south  si.le  of  the  Conodoguinet  Creek. 

Near  tins  sp  tt,  on  the  high  ground,  the  Presbyterians,  about  the  year  L736, 
I  a  log  church  in  '   West  Pennsborough,"  as  it  was  then  called,  by  rea- 
son of  which  the  place  has  ever   since   been    known   as   the    "  Meeting   House 
The  church  was  one  of  the  very  earliest  erected  in  the  valley,  and 
year-  before  the  formation  of  the  county  or  the  existence  of  Carlisle.     No  res 
tige  of  this  building  now  remains,  nor  are  there  any  of  the  oldest    surviving 
inhabitants  of  the  aeighb  trhood  who  are  able  to  give  anything  like  a  satisfac- 
innl  of  it.      All  has  passe  1  aw  ty.      The  members  of  the  large  congre 
gation  which  worshiped  within  its  walls,  have  all.  long  ago,  disappeared,  and 
with  them  the  memory  of  the  venerable  edifice   and  the  interesting   incidents 
which  were,  doubtless,  connected  with  its  history. 

THE    GRAVE-YAKD    AT    MEETING    HOUSE    SPRINGS. 

The  old  grave  yard,  however,  still  remains,  with  its  dilapidated  and  aeg 
looted  ;  ling  the  chisel  of  some  modern  antiquary  to  make  plain  their 

almost  illegible  inscriptions.  Some  of  them  which  are  still  decipherable  are 
dated  as  far  back  as  IT:!'!.  On  some  there  are  armorial  bearings,  which  indi- 
cate the  fondness  of  our  fathers  for  the  family  distinctions  of  their  transat- 
lantie   I  ie  families  claim  to  know  the  -pot  where  thoir  ancestors  are 

buried:   such  are  the  Agnews,  EPorbeses,  Dunbars,.  Lairds,  McAllisters,  Grej 
sons,  Parkers,  Youngs  and  others;  but,  in  many  cases,  the  inscriptions  do  not 
tell  us  who  are  buried  here. 

The  place  reminds  as   forcibly  of  the  quaint  word- of  an  Iviglish  writer: 
-  tell  truth-  scarcely  sixtj    years;    generations  pass  while  some 
stand,  and  old  families  last  not  three  oaks." 

As  a  matter  of  interest  we  may  state  that  not  more  than  sixty  years  ago 
there  was  a  wo  i  Llan  1  ■•■  aicb  began  within,  probably,  half  a  mile  northwest  of 
Carlisle,  and  extend  ■  1  all  the  way  to  Meeting  II  rase  Springs. 

This  burial  place  is  in  a  handsome  grove  of  lofty  tie-,  and  is  inclosed 
with  a  stone  wall  on  the  high  ground  of  the  aim  i-t  precipitous  Inn  '-tone  bluff 
which  here   rises   ..  creek.      The    tombsl 

character;   one  small  one  remaining,  of  dark  slate,   most  of   li -tone  or  brown 

sand-tone,  with  ru  le  lettering,  and  some  having  upon  them  the  rude  sculpturing 
of  animals,  faces,  M  ir  coats  of  arms,    Manj  are  reclining,  some 

I  i    •    !  r  that  some  who  have  lived  and  are  buried  here  shall  not 
wholly  be  forgotten,  we  have  attempted,  with  considerable  difficulty,    to   deoi 
pher  some  of  the  iuscripl 

og  granite  one,  which  stands  alone  in  the   northeast    corner,  in 
large,  r  i   nine   inches   long,  we  read:      "Here  lys  the  Bod]  of 


332  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

John  and  Alexander  McKehan."  It  has  no  date.  Others  are  as  follows: 
-Here  lys  ye  Body  of  Janet  Thompson,  wife  of  ye  Rev.  Samuel  Thompson, 
who  deceased  Sep.  ye  29,  1744,  aged  33  years.'  "Alexander  McCu  loci .who 
deceased  January  ye  15,  1746,  aged  50  jrs.  >  Another  reads ,  Here  hes  the 
bodvof  James  Young,  seiner,  who  parted  this  life  Feb.  II ,174/,  aged  IV 
yeari"  Another  reads:  "  Here  lys  ye  body  o  Meyr  donnel  who  departed 
Lis  life  Oct.  15,  1747,  aged  64  yrs."  On  a  small,  dark  slate  stone,  on  which 
is  sculptured  a  round,  cherub  face,  we  read  in  letters  still  distinct:  Thomas 
Witherspoon,  who  departed  this  life  Mar.  22,  1759,  aged  57  "The  flat  tomb, 
which  is  without  date,  reads:  "Sacred  to  the  memory  of  Major  Alexander 
Parker  and  his  two  children,  Margaret  and  John.  „ 

Others  are  as  follows:  "Ronald  Chambers  died  Dec  24,  1746,  aged  60 
"William  Graham,  died  April  24,  1761,  aged  67."  "John  Flemming  died 
Apr  22  1761,  aged  39."  "  James  McFarlan,  born  Dec ,24 ,1685,  died  Oct 
sf  1770."  "John  Kinkead,  died  Aug.  4,  1772,  aged 51."  "Mary  Kinkead 
rdau^hterl  died  Aug.  1758,  aged  17."  "James  Weakly,  died  June  6,  1772, 
agedg68  " '  Jane'weakly  [life],  died  Nov  30,  1768,  aged  53."  James 
Weakly  Tinfant  son  of  Samuel  and  Hetty],  died  Sept.  4    177  /. 

Besides  these,  of  later  date,    we  find  the  names  of  Drenna,  Saunderson, 
Crocket  and  others  who  were  well  known. 

The  remains  of   an  Indian,   it  is  said,  were  discovered  a  few  years  ago  in 
digging   a  grave  near  the  stone  wall   in  the  western  portion   of  this  buiial 

grTmong  those  buried  in  this  grave-yard  in  the  present  century  is  Samuel 
Laird  Esq.  who  died  in  September,  1806,  in  the  seventy-fourth  year  of  his 
age  'He  was  an  associate  justice  in  1791,  and  one  of  the  ™™*™™%*? 
the  county  to  collect  money  which  non- associates  were  expected  to  contribute 
in  lieu  of  military  service  in  1778.  Upon  his  tomb  we  read: 
"Of  simple  manners,  pure,  and  heart  upright, 

In  mild,  religious  ways  he  took  delight; 

As  elder,  magistrate  or  judge  he  still 

Studied  obedience  to  his  Maker's  will. 

A  husband  kind,  a  friend  to  the  distressed, 
He  wished  that  all  around  him  might  be  blessed: 
A  patriot  in  the  worst  of  times  approved,    ;> 
By  purest  motives  were  his  actions  moved. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Col  Ephraim  Blaine  erected  a  mill,  lately  known  as  Henderson's  mill,  on 
the  ConodLuinet  Creek,  about  a  mile  north  of  Carlisle.  Within  the  past  year 
this  mill  1 Las  been  taken  down.      On  its  corner-stone  was  the  following  mark. 

Er_ 
_B_ 
1772 
which  is  construed  to  mean  that  it  was  erected  by  Ephraim  Blaine,  17  72. 

There  are  six  schools  in  the  township,  several  mills,  four  bridges >ne  iron) 
over  the  creek,  many  roads,  some  of  them  in  good  condition  There  is  no 
town  or  railroad  within  the  township,  Carlisle  and  the  Cumberland  Valley 
Railroad  lvin-  just  on  its  southern  border;  but  there  are  fine  farms  every- 
where even  on  the  rolling  lands  which  extend  back  to  the  North  Mountains. 
There' is  a  postoffice  in  the  township  named  Grissmger. 


PBNS    TOWNSHIP. 


CHA1TKK   XXXII. 
II  \N  TOWNSHIP, 

P\  1 1  >\\  \s||  1 1'  »a,  funned  from  the  western  portion  of  Dickinson  in 
I860.  Cook  Township  has  since  been  formed  from  the  southern  part  of 
Perm,  rednoing  it  to  it-  present  limits,  and  including  nearly  .-ill  of  the  mountain 
land  which  was  formerly  pori  on  of  that  township.  It  is  hounded  on  the 
naon  Township,  on  the  south  bj  Cook  Township,  <>u  the  north  by 
\\  set  Pennsborough  Township,  and  on  the  west  by  Newton  Township. 

I  physical  features,  as  thus  reduced,  arc  the  same  as  those  of  the  upper 
of  Dickinson:  <>n  the  north  side  of  the  Yellow  Breeches  Creek  heavy 
limestone  land,  verj  fertile,  and  which  yields  to  the  labor  of  the  husbandman 
abundant  harvests;  on  the  Bouth  side  a  gravely  or  sand  formation,  but  which, 
when  well  tilled,  is  also  well  adapted  to  agriculture.  Many  excellent  farms, 
in  a  high  state  of  cultivation,  are  to  be  found  in  almost  every  portion  of  the 
township.  This  land  is  also  well  watered  bj  numerous  springs  or  streams,  all 
of  which  empty  into  the  Yellow  Breeches  (.'reek,  which  flows  in  an  easterly 
direction  through  the  township.  Most  of  these  have  their  source  in  the  South 
Mountains;  while,  at  a  point  where  the  Walnut  Bottom  road  crosses  the  New- 
ton Township  line,  are  what  are  known  as  the  Three  Springs,  the  water  flow- 
ing from  under  the  limestone  rocks  at  a  distance  of  a  few  rods  apart. 

These  springs  are  somewhat  south  of  the  Quarry  Hill  a  sandstone  ridge 
which  extends  in  an  easterly  direction  through  Southampton,  Newton,  and 
the  northern  portion  of  Penn  Townships.  Of  late  years  they  sometimes 
run  dry  in  the  summer  months,  but  it  may  be  interesting  to  state  that  before 
the  time  when  so  much  timber  had,  sometimes  needlessly,  been  destroyed, 
they  were  much  larger  and  more  copious  streams.  This  fact  is  within  the 
recollecti'ii  of  some  who  are  still  living, 

The  principal  stream,  however,  is   the   Yellow  Breeches  Creek,  which  rises 

in  the  mountains  and.   small  comparatively  until  it  reaches  this   point,    twice 

crosses  the    Walnut  Bottom   road — the  second  crossing  being  at  the  dividing 

tween   Penn  and   Newton  Townships.      It-   original  Indian  name  was 

"Callipascink,"  meaning  rapid  or     •  horseshoe  bends."* 

We  find  it  was  known  as  the  '■Yellow  Breeches."  however,  as  early  as 
ITU).  How  it  derived  this  "uncouth  appellation"  is  not  now  known.  One 
explanation  is  that  the  words  are  a  corruption  of  YTellow  Beeches — a  number 
of  which  once  grew  upon  its  banks.      Another  rather  improbable  account,  but 

which   has  r lived    some   credit,    is   as    follows:      In    speaking  of  the  second 

g  on  the  Walnut  Bottom  road,  to  which  we  have  alluded,  a  resident  of 

oship  writes:     "I  was  born  and  rai  of  that  place, 

and  from    a    hoy   have   known  the    stream   to  he  called  Fine  Unn  down  to  this 

a nd  crossing,  and  from  there  down   Yellow  Breeches  Creek.     I  have  been 

told  time  and  again,  in  my  boyhood  days,  that  the  name  was  given  toil  because 
a  family  living  at  that  place  (known  as  "Three  Springs  "  i.  on  a  washing  day, 

•In" Trego's (icographj.  Geology,  etc,  of  Pennsylvania,"  i Ilabed  1-1 ;,  hesaya  (page  R3J  :"The  present 

uncouth  appellation  ci.-eu  to  ihi*  i. >-  render*  II  very  desirable  thai  itaoi 

1      This  seems,  however,  now  to  he  lost,  for    after  the  most  diligent  research  we  have  been  unable  to 
discover  It." 


334  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

hung  out  a  pair  of  leather  yellow  breeches,  which  were  stolen  by  a  roving 
band  of  Indians,  after  which,  in  speaking  of  certain  places,  this  one  was 
known  as  the  place  or  creek  where  the  Indians  had  stolen  the  yellow  breeches 
from  which  the  creek  itself,  in  time,  derived  its  name-but  above  this  point  it 
is  still  known  as  '  Pine  Run.'  "  We  have  thought  it  worthy  to  state  this  leg- 
end here,  for,  if  it  be  true,  then  this  stream  derived  its  name  from  an  inci- 
dent which  happened  in  Penn  Township.  ,„„„,. 

Iron  ore,  in  detached  quantities,  is  found  m  various  portions  of  the  township 
while  at  Huntsville  is  the  site  of  the  old  Cumberland  Furnace  bmlt  by  Michael 
Ege,  but  which  has  long  since  been  abandoned  Grist-m.lls  and  sawmills 
are  along  the  streams,  but  for  local  uses  only,  while  many  of  the  older   ones 

haVTheSpopulation  of  Penn  is  more  dense  than  in  Dickinson,  but  fewer  of  the 
descendants  of  the  original  settlers  remain,  and  there  is  a  larger  inf usion  of 
the  German  element,  which  came  into  it  at  a  later  period.  Michael  Ege,  at 
one  time  probably  the  most  extensive  land-owner  and  iron  master  m  Pennsyl- 
vania, owned  much  of  the  land  on  the  south  side  of  the  creek,  which  descend- 
ed at  his  death  to  his  daughter,  Mrs.  Wilson,  and  which  extended  also  into  Dickin- 
son Township,  in  the  sketch  of  which  we  have  given  an  account  of  its  division  af- 
ter protracted  litigation.  One  of  the  Weakley  families  owned  land  in  the 
neighborhood  of  the  Dickinson  Church,  and  up  toward  Centerville,  some  gen- 
erations ago,  and  there  were  other  family  names  which  are  the  same  as  those 
which  are  found  in  Dickinson  Township.  As  the  pioneer  settlers  seemed  always 
to  have  preferred  the  lands  which  lay  adjacent  to  the  springs  or  along  the 
streams,  there  can  be  little  doubt  that  such  portions  of  this  township  as  lay 
along  the  Yellow  Breeches  Creek  or  the  Three  Springs,  were  settled  at  a  very 

earlAmoen-the  older  families  are  the  McCulloughs,  and,  as  a  matter  of  inter- 
est we  may  mention  that  Alexander  McCullough,  who  married  Elizabeth  Mc- 
Kinstry  and  was  father  of  James,  went  to  California  in  18oo,  and  joined  the 
famous  Walker's  expedition,  where  he  lost  hje  life. 

VILLAGES. 

Small  villages  are  numerous  in  Penn  Township.  Along  the  Walnut  Bot- 
tom and  the  Pine  roads  are  clusters  of  houses  which  have  as  yet  no  name,  but 
alon'the  former  are  Cumminstown,  called  after  Rev.  Charles  Cummins,  the 
second  pastor  of  Dickinson  Church;  Centerville,  so  named,  it  is  said  because 
itfs  midway  between  Carlisle  and  Shippensburg ;  and  Hockersville,  called  after 
John  Hooker,  who  owned  a  farm  and  tavern-stand  some  years  ago  at  this 
place.  On  or  near  the  Pine  road  are  Huntsville,  formerly  Spring  Mills,  a 
Sationon  the  Harrisburg  &  Potomac  Railroad;  Brushtown,  from >  the  brush 
that  surrounded  it;  and  Milltown,  a  mile  east,  so  called  because  of  the  num- 
ter  of  mills  (a failing-mill,  grist-mill,  saw-mill,  plaater-mffl,  clover- seed^mill 
and  a  whisky  distillery),  which  were  once  in  that  immediate  vicinity.  Cen- 
terville is  described  in  1845,  by  Rapp,  as  "a  small  village  on  the  Walnut  Bot- 
tom road  in  a  well  improved,  fertile  region  of  the  country;  it  contains  a  store 
and  tavern."  It  has  now  a  church,  schoolhouse,  postoffice,  shops,  and  about 
200  inhabitants. 

CHURCHES. 

There  are  six'churches  within  the  limits  of  Penn  Township  Of  these  the 
oldest  is  what  is  known  as  the  Dickinson  Church,  belonging  to  the  Presbyterian 
congregation.  As  early  as  1810  an  application  was  made,  subscribed  by 
James  Moore  and  Joseph  Galbraith,  for  a  pastor  to  supply  what  was  called  the 


PENH   rOWNSHIF. 

11  Preabyterii  Hon  of  Walnut    Bottom,"  bul   it  was  nol  until   L823 

thai  a  congregation  was  organized  in  Dickinson  Township,  and  noi  until   L826 
that  a  call  was  given  to   Rei     McKnighl    Williamson,  their  first    paster,  who 

oontinned  to  serve  until  Ootober,  L884     He  was  buc ided,  in  the  following 

▼ear,   bj    Rev.  Charles  Oommins,  who  Berved  for  a   period  of  ten  years,  and 
after  whom,  as  we  have  seen,  the  small  village  derives  its  nam".     The  | 
still  better  known,  however,  as  the   Dickinson  Church.     At   the  close  oi    Mr. 
Williamson's  pastorate,  the  Bession  consisted  of  Samuel   Woods,   John   Ross, 
William    Woods,   Jr.,   G ge   Davidson  and   David   W.    McCullough;  at   the 

,  Mr.  Cummins',  the  elders  were  William  Woods,  Jr.,  Robert  Donald- 
son. William  G.  Davidson  and  Lewis  Williams. 

At  first  the  congregation  worshiped  alternately  in  the  stoue  church  belong- 
nters  and  in  the  log  ohuroh  of  the  German  Reformed  and 
Lutheran  congregations,  both  of  which  were  in  Dickinson  Township.  Since 
the  formation  of  Penn,  the  Dickinson  Church  is  included  in  thai  township, 
although  its  nam.'  was  derived  from  the  one  in  which  it  was  erected  in  1829. 
It  stands  on  a  alight  eminence,  at  a  point  where  the  road  leading  from  Mount 
Bock  to  Spring  Mills  crosses  the  Walnut  Bottom  road,  eight  miles  we  I  of 
Carlisle.  The  lol  of  ground  upon  which  it  is  erected  was  given  for  thai  pur- 
pose by  William  L.  Weakley.  Thesituation  is  a  beautiful  one.  and  the  build- 
ing itself,  wil  interior,  does  credit  to  the  taste  and  liberality  of  the 

igation.  The  Lutheran  Church  at  Centerville  is  a  handsome  brick 
building,  erected  in    L852;  while  south  of  the  Dickinson  Church  and  near  the 

is  the  church  of  the  German  Baptists— known  as  Dunkers — erected  in 
1863.  The  other  churches  of  the  township  are  smaller  and  have  been  more 
recently  erected  than  those  which  we  have  mentioned. 

SCHOOLS. 

A  private  school  or  academy  was  begun  at  Centerville  in  1 856,  by  Robert 
Lowry  Sibbet,  a  graduate  of  "Pennsylvania  College,  in  which  wore  taught 
Greek,  Latin,  the  natural  sciences  and  higher  mathematics.  The  school  was 
for  a  time  quite  successful.  Mr.  Sibbet  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  George  P. 
Hays.  After  a  few  years,  however,  it  ceased  to  exist.  Of  the  students  of  this 
school  two  are  ministers,  one  a  missionary  in  Japan,  three  are  lawyers  living 
in  Carlisle,  one  a  physician,  and  several  have  been  teachers.  Of  its  teachers, 
ibei  is  now  practicing  medicine  in  Carlisle,  and  his  successor  was  after- 
ward president  of  Washington  and  Jefferson  College. 

At  present  there  are  ten  public  schools  in  the  township,  and  although  the 
school  term  is  six  months,  in  many  of  the  districts  they  are  kept  open  three 
months  longer  by  subscription. 

Earrisburg  &  Potomac  Railroad  traverses  through  the  center  of  the 
township.      The  postoffices  are  Dickinson  and  Huntsdale. 


336  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 


CHAPTER  XXXIII. 

SILVER  SPRING  TOWNSHIP. 


s 


ILVER  SPRING  TOWNSHIP  was  formed  from  East  Pennsborough  in 
kJ  1757.  It  contains  about  thirty-five  square  miles,  part  slate  and  part  lime- 
stone land,  and  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  the  North  Mountains,  on  the  east 
by  Hampden,  on  the  south  by  Monroe  Township  and  a  small  portion  of  Upper 
Allen  and  Mechanicsburg,  and  on  the  west  by  Middlesex  Township.  The  town- 
ship is  named  after  Silvers'  Spring,  a  limpid  body  of  water  which  rises  in  it, 
and  which  was  called  after  James  Silvers,  who,  with  his  wife  Hannah,  came 
into  this  valley  about  1730  or  1731.  He  took  out  a  warrant  in  October,  1735, 
for  a  tract  of  land,  containing  532  acres,  which  adjoins  the  old  Silvers'  Spring 
Church,  and  extends  into  the  loop  of  the  Conodoguinet  Creek,  embracing  land 
now  owned  by  Mr.  Kauffman,  Mrs.  Briggs,  Mr.  Bryson  and  Mr.  Long.  Here 
Mr.  Silvers  settled  and  lived.  But,  although  the  springs  was  called  originally 
after  James  Silvers,  common  consent  seems  to  have  changed  the  name  both  of 
the  spring  and  of  the  township  to  the  more  appropriate  designation  of  "  Silver 
Spring."  This  spring  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  in  the  Cumberland  Valley. 
It  rises  from  out  limestone  rocks,  spreads  into  a  large  and  somewhat  circular 
crystal  sheet,  and,  after  serving  several  mills,  empties  itself  into  the  Conodog- 
uinet Creek. 

This  Conodoguinet  Creek  flows  just  north  of  Hogestown,  in  such  circui- 
tous loops  or  bends,  that,  although  the  general  direction  of  the  creek  through 
the  township  is  east  and  west,  it  is  often  here  more  nearly  north  and  south; 
and  although  the  township  is  only  five  miles  across,  the  course  of  the  creek 
measures  more  than  twice  that  distance.  The  windings  of  the  creek  enclose 
the  farms  of  James  McCormick,  J.  C.  Sample  and  Samuel  Senseman. 

This  portion  of  the  township  adjoining  Silver  Spring  and  Hogestown  was 
settled  at  a  very  early  period.  About  1730  John  Hoge  bought  a  large  tract  of 
land,  including  that  on  which  Hogestown  stands,  and  settled  upon  it. 

There  were  other  settlers  here  in  1733,  and  the  records  show  that  the  land 
between  this  and  the  river  was,  at  least,  partially  occupied  at  this  date.  Most 
of  these  early  settlers  seem  to  have  located  on  the  slate  land — on  account  of 
the  spring,  leaving  the  richer  lands,  called  ' '  barrens. ' '  unoccupied.  These 
early  settlers  were  all  Presbyterians.  The  old  church  was  erected  here  at 
about  this  time.  The  congregation  is  spoken  of  as  "  over  the  river. ' '  No  road 
had  yet  been  built.  It  was  not  until  November  4,  1735,  that  the  court  of  Lan- 
caster County  appointed  a  commission  of  six  men,  among  whom  was  James 
Silvers,  to  lay  out  a  road  from  Harris'  Ferry  toward  the  Potomac  River.  They 
reported  February  3,  1736,  but  their  view  was  opposed  "by  a  considerable 
number  of  the  inhabitants  on  the  west  side  of  the  Susquehanna  in  those  parts," 
and  another  commission  of  viewers  was  appointed,  who  reported  May  4,  1736, 
that  ' '  they  had  reviewed  the  easternmost  part  of  said  road  and  found  it  very 
crooked  and  hurtful  to  the  inhabitants,  and  therefore  altered  it  and  marked  it. 
From  the  ferry  near  to  a  southwest  course  about  two  miles,  thence  westerly 
course  to  James  Silvers',  thence  westward  to  John  Hoge's  meadow,"  etc. 

This  road  was  nearly  identical  with  the  turnpike,  and  as  it  passed  James 


sii.vi'.u  sntiNi:  township. 


881 


silver-'  place,  it  would  locate  bis  house  onMra.  Brigg'afarm,  now  occupied  bj 
I  e  Blessinger.* 

ORIGIN  U       Mill 

or  the  early  Battlers  of  tbia  portion  of  Silver  Spring  we  nave  Borne  interest- 
ins  reminiscences,  Cwo  Loudon  brothers,  James  and  Mathew,  oame  from 
Scotland;  one  settled  in  Sherman's  Valley,  bul  was  driven  oul  bj  the  [ndians. 
Mathew  London  came  to  Silver  Spring,  married  Elizabeth  McCormick  about 
1760,  and  Battled  on  the  traol  ao*  occupied  by  the  Cathoar,  beirs.  The  Eogea 
l,s,.(l  ap  operty,  but  no!  where  the  town  now  stands,  and  the  McCor- 

mioks,  Qortheasi  of  the  town,  on  the  Conodoguinel  Greek.  The  Irwins  also 
owned  tracts  jus  I  Bouthweal  of  the  presen.  town  The  McCormickB  now  own 
a  large  brick  bouse,  jusl  eaai  of  town,  which  belonged  to  the  Eogea.  Of  this 
latter  family  there  were  two  brothers,  David  and  Jonathan.  David  lived  just 
across  the  spring  Bouth  or  southeast  of  the  town;  Jonathan,  jusi  across  the 
run.  northeast,  along  the  pike.     Of  the  Galbreatha  there  were  alao  two  broth 

hew  and  John.  Andrew  lived  just  below  Bryson's  (now  Eherly's) 
farm,  and  John,  Up  the  Creek,  north  of  Bryson's  farm.  Mr.  Oliver's  family 
lived    weal    of    Eogestown,   on  the   ridge,   and    were    intermarried   with   the 

nicks..  Wm.  Walker  owned  two  farms  which  joined  the  Oliver  farms. 
He  married  Betsy  Ho-,..      Bee  so  also  owned  a  farm  beyond  the  ridge,  joining 

don  tract,  which  was  purchased  by  Archibald  Loudon  in  1788.      Imme- 

creel  of  that  was  Mr  Christopher  Herman's  farm,  while  the  Junkin 
tract  (owned  bj  Joseph  and  Benjamin)  laid  jusl  south.  The  Irwins'  lands 
aear  joined  the  Hermans',  Loudens'  and  Armstrongs' tracts.  There  were  four 
Irwin  brothers,  William.  Armstrong  and  John  Irwin,  all  of  whose  tracts  joined, 
and  James,  who  owned  the  land  which  now  belongs  to  Mr.  Huston,  where  the 
mill  is  on  the  Conodoguinot  Creek.  An  old  mill  stood  where  the  iron  bridge 
now  spans  the  creek,  known  originally  as  Kreider's  mill,  the  farm  of  Ereider'a 
brother  was  opposite,  and  the  Coble  tract,  belonging  to  Daniel  and  David,  lay 
orthof  this  latter.  Below  tic  iron  bridge  joining  the  Kreider  farm  was 
Ashleys,  and  just  below  it,  down  the  crock,  were  the  two  Bell  farms  (  Da\  id  and 
Robert),  now  owned  by  Benjamin  and  Samuel  Voglosong.  Just  north  of 
on  the  road  leading  to  Sterritt'a  (originally  Croghan's)  Gap,  was 

imble  farm,  while  recrossing  the  iron  bridge,  just  joining  the  Douglas 
farm,  was  the  old  Camthera'  farm,  belonging  to  John  Carothers,  who.  with 
his  wife  and  whole  family,  was  poisoned  by  a  jealous  domestic,  Sallie  Clark. f 
Of  the  four  sons.  John  (who  married  Sallie  Hoge)  was  afterward  sheriff,  and 
Andrew,  who  was  crippled  by  the  poisoning  above  mentioned,  became  one  of 
the  leading  lawyera  of  Carlisle. 

Martin  Herman,  a  native  of  Germany,  landed  in  Philadelphia  July  12, 
\~,:<1.  and  settled  La  Cumberland  County  on  the  15th  of  April.  1771,  on  a  tract 
of  land  called  St.  Martina,  in  Silver  Spring  Township,  which  farm  has  been  in 
the  possession  of  that  family  for  a  period  of  1  15  years. 

des  the  names  of  the  early  settler-  whom  we  have  mentioned,  wero  the 
Walkei  -.Trimbles,    Semples,    Fishers,  "Waughs,   Math- 

rnhills,  Beltzhoovers,  Eendersons  and  Mclloe-.  and  on  the  south  side 
of  tie-  creek  were  the  Trimbles,  Longsdorfs,  Kellers.  Casta,  Kings,  Slonechers, 
Junkins,  Hoges  and  others. 

BOMB    BABXY    FVKNTS. 

During  the  Indian  wars,  from  17.V.  to  17oS,  there  were  many  murders  and 
depredation-,   throughout   the   valley.      In    Rupp  (p.    I'-^t  we  find:     "May  13, 

T  J.  Fergaaon'B  HUtorloal  Otoi  Spring  rtaurch 

+  it,,-  Inoidenl  was  made  the  suhji-ct  of  :i  poetl  *eU»  OUlTar,  a  volume  of  who» 

poems  was  issued  from  Ihe  press  of  Archibald  Loudon,  of  Carlisle,  in  1805. 


338  HISTORY   OF   CUMBERLAND   COUNTY. 

1757,  William  Walker  and  another  man  were  killed  near  McCormick's  fort,  at 
Conodoguinet. ' '  The  following  account,  as  it  concerns  Silver  Spring,  we  take 
from  a  former  sketch :  ' '  The  early  settlers  were  much  annoyed  by  Indians, 
and  consequently  settled  in  groups  as  much  as  possible  for  self- protection.  One 
of  these  was  at  a  place  called  Roaringtown,  on  the  bank  of  the  Conodoguinet, 
where  there  is  a  very  fine  spring.  It  is  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  Samuel 
Adams,  two  miles  west  of  Hogestown.  Mr.  John  Armstrong,  one  of  the  old 
citizens,  born  about  1760,  whose  wife  was  a  daughter  of  Jonathan  Hoge,  fre- 
quently told  us  that  he  could  see  from  his  house,  near  the  Stony  Ridge,  groups 
of  Indians  prowling  about  through  the  barrens  several  miles  distant;  also  wild 
animals,  which  were  another  source  of  annoyance  to  anxious  mothers,  whose 
children  would  stray  from  home.  An  uncle  of  Judge  Clendenin,  late  of 
Hogestown,  went,  in  company  with  two  others  from  his  father's  residence,  in 
the  northeast  part  of  the  township,  where  Emanuel  Neidich  now  resides,  to 
watch  a  deer  lick,  some  two  miles  up  along  the  mountain  foot,  on  the  farm 
where  Michael  Garman  now  lives,  and  whilst  waiting,  in  the  dusk  of  evening, 
for  the  deer  to  come  down  from  the  mountain  to  drink,  and  lick  the  salt  placed 
there  to  attract  them,  they  were  fired  upon  by  Indians  in  ambush,  who  severe- 
ly wounded  Clendenin.  They  fled  for  home,  but  his  strength  failing  from  loss 
of  blood,  his  companions  secreted  him  in  the  bushes  and  made  their  escape. 
He  was  found  in  the  morning  cold  and  lifeless." 

It  was  one  of  the  members  of  the  Bell  family,  mentioned  elsewhere,  of 
whom  the  following  is  told:  "Among  the  many  achievements,"  says  Loudon, 
' '  against  the  Indians  in  our  wars  with  them,  few  exceed  that  performed  by 
Samuel  Bell,  formerly  owner  of  the  noted  farm  on  the  Stony  Ridge,  five  miles 
below  Carlisle,  which  was  as  follows:  Sometime  after  Gen.  Braddock's  defeat, 
he  and  his  brother,  James  Bell,  agreed  to  go  into  Shearman's  Valley  to  hunt 
for  deer,  and  were  to  meet  at  Croghan's,  now  Sterritt's,  Gap,  on  the  Blue 
Mountain.  By  some  means  or  other  they  did  not  meet,  and  Samuel  slept  all 
night  in  a  cabin  belonging  to  Mr.  Patton,  on  Shearman's  Creek.  In  the  morn- 
ing he  had  not  traveled  far  before  he  spied  three  Indians,  who  at  the  same 
saw  him.  They  all  fired  at  each  other;  he  w@unded  one  of  the  Indians,  but 
received  no  damage,  except  through  his  clothes  by  the  balls.  Several  shots 
were  fired  on  both  sides,  for  each  took  a  tree;  he  took  out  his  tomahawk  and 
stuck  it  into  the  tree,  behind  which  he  stood,  so  that,  should  they  approach, 
he  might  be  prepared.  The  tree  was  grazed  with  the  Indians'  balls,  and  he 
had  thoughts  of  making  his  escape  by  flight,  but,  on  reflection,  had  doubts  of 
his  being  able  to  outrun  them. 

"  After  some  time  the  two  Indians  took  the  wounded  one  and  put  him  over  a 
fence,  and  one  took  one  course,  and  the  other  another,  taking  a  compass,  so 
that  Bell  could  no  longer  secure  himself  by  the  tree;  but  by  trying  to  ensnare 
him  they  had  to  expose  themselves,  by  which  means  he  had  the  good  fortune 
to  shoot  one  of  them  dead.  The  other  ran  and  took  the  dead  Indian  on  his 
back,  one  leg  over  each  shoulder.  By  this  time  Bell's  gun  was  again  loaded; 
he  then  ran  after  the  Indian  until  he  came  within  about  four  yards  from  him, 
fired  and  shot  through  the  dead  Indian  and  lodged  his  ball  in  the  other,  who 
dropped  the  dead  man  and  ran  off.  On  his  return,  coming  past  the  fence 
where  the  wounded  Indian  was,  he  dispatched  him,  but  did  not  know  he  had 
killed  the  third  Indian  until  his  bones  were  found  afterward." 

HOGESTOWN. 

This  village  is  situated  on  a  small  stream  known  as  "  Hoge's  Run,"  which 
rises  at  the  Stony  Ridge,  and  empties  into  the  Conodoquinet  Creek  at  a  beauti- 


9ILVBB  BPBING   TOWNSHIP. 

fnl  grove  called  "Sporting  Green."       It  was  called  after  John  Boge,  who 
all  the  laud  mi  which  the  town  is  built  and  a  large  tract  Burrou 

The  old  stone  tavern  was  tor  years  th dj  bouse,  and  was  owned  bj  thefi  — 

family.     The  firs!  bouse  built  after  thai   was  a  small  log  one  ir  tl Id 

road,   and  was  erected  aboul    L820.     The   McCormicks  and   the  Soges  had.  a 

stockade  at  a  verj   earij   date.     John  Bogue  (or  Boge)  married  G theleum 

Bowen  (said  to  bave  been  a  descendant  of  the  royal  family  of  Wales),  who, 
after  her  marriage,  still  retained  and  was  known  by  her  maiden  name.  It  is 
stated  that  it  was  the  money  obtained  from  the  sale  of  her  jewels  which  pur- 
chased their  Ian. Is. 

M  K     KINGSTON. 

New-  Kingston  is  a  post  village  in  silver  Spring  Township,  on  the  pike,  six 
and  a  half  miles  east  of  the  count}   seat.     The  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad 

runs  within  half  a  mile  of  the  place. 

The  first  owner  of  the  lands  upon  which  the  town  is  built  was  Joseph 
Junkin.  Sr.  Be  came  from  Counties  Down  and  Antrim,  Ireland  (Ins  lands 
tying  '>n  both  aides  of  the  Line),  about   1736  or   IT  hi.     At  Oxford.  Chester 

County,  he  met  and  married  a  Scotch  girl,  Elizabeth  Wallace,  and  soon  after 
crossed  Barris'  ferry,  into  the  wilderness  of  Cumberland  (then  Lancaster) 
County.  Be  took  up  a  tract  of  500  acres,  which  include-  the  site  upon  winch 
New  Kingston  is  now  built,  and  erected  the  stone  house  which  still  stands, 
east  of  the  town,   on  what    W8S    afterward    known  as  the  Walker  tract.      He  had 

a  number  of  children,  among  whom  were  Joseph  and  Benjamin,  who  afterward 

owned  a  portion  of  this  land.  Joseph  I  DOM  in  I  Toll),  built  t  he  house  now  owned 
and  occupied  by  H.  W.  Kanaga,  in  177.">  77.  in  which  he  resided  until  he  re- 
moved to  Meroer  County  in  1806.  He  was  a  captain  in  the  Revolutionary  war, 
fought  at  Brandywine,  and  was  wounded  in  a  skirmish  shortly  after. 

The  date  of  the  original  patent  of  this  land  to  Joseph  Junkin,  Sr.,  was 
about  the  year  17(11,  and.   after  his  death  it  was  divided   into  three  parts. 

One  tract  was  owned  by  John  <  larol  bars,  who  in  1814  sold  it  to  John  King. 
In  the  spring  of  1818  King  laid  out  the  village,  which  was  called  after  him, 
Kingston,  a  name  which  it  retained.  A  postoffice  was  established  here  in  1851, 
called  New  Kingstown. 

The  three  atone  bouses  were  built  long  before  the  town  was  laid  out,  but 
in  IMS  a  number  of  dwellings  were  erected,  probably  six.  by  .John  Wynkoop, 
Henry  Miller,  George  Williams.  Thomas  Ashley.  Henry  Monesmith  and  John 
Shoemaker,    and    possibly   one  other.      These  houses  were  all  log   buildings. 

The  second  tract  was  owned  by  Joseph  Junkin.  Jr.,  the  son  of  tl riginal 

patentee,  who  built  the  stone  house  above  referred  to,  in  the  western  portion 
of  the  town.  The  building  of  this,  it  is  said,  had  been  delayed  on  account  of 
his  absence  as  a  captain  in  the  Revolutionary  war  during  the  period  of  its  eree 
and  property  he  sold  in  \sn:,  to  Joseph  Kanaga,  Sr.,  after 
Whose  death  it  descended  to  his  son,  Joseph  Kanaga,  Jr.,  who,  after  the  town 
was  laid  out,  built  the  first  frame  house  for  a  store.  It  is  now  owned  by 
Henry  W.  Kanaga.  the  grandson  of  the  original  purchaser.  The  brick  house 
in  Kanaga' a  addition  was  built  by  H.  W.  Irvin. 

The  third  tract  was  owned  by  Benjamin  Junkin,  Jr.,  also  a  son  of  the  orig 
inal  patentee,  who  is  said  to  have  built  two  other-  houses — the  hotel,  and  the 
dwelling  which  he  occupied  until  his  death.  Part  of  this  tract,  came  into  the 
i  in  of  John  King,  by  whom  it  was  conveyed  (  1  s: :i » i  to  Peter  Kissinger, 
who.  in  1 M  l .  laid  it  out  into  the  town  I  its  which  now  compose  the  greater  part 
of  New  King 

The  town  is  conveniently  situated  on  the  pike  road  which  leads  from  Car- 


340  HISTORY    OF   CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

lisle  to  Harrisburg,  amid  the  cultivated  farms  of  this  beautiful  portion  of  the 
valley,  and  is  not  distant  from  the  railroad,  which  passes  to  the  South.  It  has 
a  hotel,  postoffice,  stores,  three  churches,  schools  and  a  population  of  between 
300  and  400  inhabitants.  .  ,  oft  1M„      ... 

Silver  Spring  Lodge,  No.  598, 1.  0.  O.  F.,  was  organized  April  20, 18o7,  with 
twenty  charter  members.  Its  present  membership  numbers  about  fifty,  and 
the  officers  are  now  (September  15,  1886):  R.  E.  Anderson,  P.  G. ;  J.D. 
Bishop,  N.  G. ;  H.  W.  Morrison,  V.  N.  G. ;  W.  H.  Humer,  Sec. ;  Jacob  Ma- 
thias,  Asst.  Sec. ;   J.  A.  Senseman,  Treas. 

THE    FIKST    COVENANTEES'     COMMUNION    IN    AMERICA. 

Nearly  all  of  the  early  Scotch-Irish  who  came  into  this  valley  were  Presby- 
terians, reared  in  connection  with  the  synod  of  Ulster,  but  there  were  some 
Covenanters  among  them,  even  at  the  early  date.     They  were  not  numerous 
at  this  time  in  Ireland,  where  some  secession  churches  were  then  being  es- 
tablished. , 
In  this  valley  there  were  only  a  few  clusters  of  families  scattered  here  ana 
there  in  different  in  different  localities,  and  at  first  without  any  fixed  place  of 
worship.      Sometimes,  without  an  ordained  minister,  they  met  at  each  other  s 
houses.      They  could  not   and  did  not  fraternize  with  the  Presbyteriamsm 
around  them.      At  about  this  time  two  places  of  worship  were  established- 
one  at  Paxtang,  east  of  the  river,  and  the  other  on  the  Stony  Eidge,  m  Silver 
Spring  Township.      When  the  weather  allowed  they  met  in  their  "tent      as  it 
was  termed,  and,  when  it  was  not  propitious,  in  their  cabins.      This  "tent' 
was  pitched  in  a  shady  grove,  and  consisted  simply  of  an  elevated  platform  for 
the  minister,  a  board  nailed  against  a  black  oak  tree  to  support  the  Bible,  a  few 
rude  benches  for  seats,  and  some  boards  overhead  to  protect  the  speaker  from 
the  sun  and  rain.   Thus  accommodated  they  worshiped  for  hours  at  a  time,  and 
their  communion  services  sometimes  lasted  nine  hours.      Rev.  John  Cuthbert- 
son  a  Scotchman  by  birth,  from  Ireland,  preached  for  the  first  time  in  the  val- 
ley on  Wednesday,  August  21,  1751  or  1752,  at  Walter  Buchanan's,  near  the 
present  New  Kingston,  midway  between  Carlisle  and  the  river.      His  text  was(> 
Proverbs  vm,  4:    "  Unto  you,  O  men, I  call;  and  my  voice  is  to  the  sons  of  man. 
He   also  baptized  Joseph  Glendenning,  John  M'Clelland  and  Jane   Swansie, 
infant  children  of  residents  of  that  neighborhood.     August  23,  1752,  Mr.  Cuth- 
bertson  held  his  first  communion  in  America.      It  was  at  Stony  Ridge,  or  the 
Walter  Buchanan  or  Junkin  "tent,"  in  Cumberland  County.      The  communi- 
cants came  to  the  table  singing  the  Twenty-fourth  Psalm.      About  250  persons 
communed,  and  this  comprised  very  nearly  all  the  Covenanters  m  this  county, 
for  the  place  was  central,  the  season  pleasant,  and  they  gathered  in  from  their 
different  settlements,  the  Covenanters  also  of  adjoining  counties. 

This  was  the  first  time  that  the  followers  of  Cameron  and  Cargill  ever 
gathered  at  the  communion  table  in  the  new  world  or  outside  the  British  isles. 
'  Their  next  pastor  was  Rev.  Matthew  Lind,  of  the  Covenanter  congregation 
at  Aghadoe,  near  Cjleraine.  He  came  in  December,  1773;  locating  at  Pax- 
tan°-°and  assumed  the  pastorate  of  that  church  and  of  the  Stony  Ridge.  \V  al- 
ter Buchanan  was  the  only  elder  in  Stony  Ridge  when  Mr.  Lind  was  installed. 
About  that  time  Joseph  Junkin  was  ordained.  He  lived  upon  the  present 
Kanao-a  farm;  built  his  present  stone  house,  and  had  the  "tent"  upon  it  dur- 
ing Ms  life  time.  Still  later  it  was  known  as  "Widow  Junkin' s  tent.  This 
little  church  was  always  a  colony,  surrounded  by  a  population  which  had  no 
sympathy  with  them.  Later,  when  the  Germans  came  in,  they  literally  crowd- 
ed out  the  Irish,  and  in  a  few  years  both  congregations  were  completely  ex- 


sit. villi  BPRING    TOWNSHIP.  84  I 

terminate  1  Ij  il.it  there  is  scarcely  a  tradition  of  their  existence 

left  among  the  present  inhabitants. 

Bells,  and  I  t,  and  the  Jnnkins  attaohed  themselves  to  the 

I  but  iii  tini  ■  thej .  too,  passed  away,  and  not  a  Bingle 
:'  stook  is  now  known  to  reside  in  the  neighborhood. 
The  late  l>r.  B  iberl  Q    Konng,  of  M  ichaniosburg,  in  BpeaMng,  in  a  man- 
osoripl  note  in  our  possession,  of  some  account  of  this  Covenanters'  "tent," 
aava;   "The  description  of  thistenl  is  striotly  correct,  as  handed  down  to  as, 
but  there  is  inacouraoj  in  the  Location     The  writer  of  this  note,  now  in  his 
daring  his  boyhood  and  youth  was  familiar  with  its  looa 
,  l  his  reoolleotioD  is  corroborated  by  that  of  an  old  citizen,  formerly  a 
of  that  vicinity.     Oar  statement  is  that   'Widow  Junlrin's  tout'   was 
about  300  yards  from  the  turnpike  road,  near  to  the  foot  of  the  Stony  Midge, 
ail,l  almost  d  i  ise,  at  the  time  occupied  and 

owned  by  Mr    C  ic     i    Bell,  in  whirl,  be  bad  for  many  years  kept  a  hotel  for 
the  accommodation  of  the  traveling  public.     The    'old  citizen'    above  men- 
a    t,  nt '  was  anobjeel  of  nearly  every  day  observation  while 
the  vicinity  of   New  Kingston,  and  that  it  disappeared  about  the 
year  18  otion  of  the  writer  oonhrms  his  statement.     My  pater- 

nal gran  »nded  divine  servioes  when  held   here,  heme;  a  descendant 

of  that  branch  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  familiarly  called  the  Covenanters." 

THE    SILVER    SPRINli    CHURCH    ANT    0BHBTEBY. 

The  church  at  Silvers'  Spring,  now  known  as  the  "Silver  Spring  Presby 
terian  Church."  was  probably,  io  it-  inception,  the  first  church  established  in 
the  valley.  The  earliest  mention  made  of  this  congregation,  in  which  they  are 
first  spoken  of  as  the  "people  over  the  Susquehanna,"  is  in  October.  1734 
Later  they  are  called  "East  Pennsborough,"  and  finally  "Silvers'  Spring." 
The  present  stone  church,  which  is  built  only  a  short  distance  from  the  spring, 
and  is  surrounded  by  a  handsome  grove  of  trees,  was  built  in  1  783.  A  wood- 
en one  had  been  erected  here,  according  to  Rupp,  forty  years  before.  Its  in- 
ception was  at  a  time  when  no  public  road  had  yet  been  made  through  the 
valley,  but  when  the  thoroughfares  were  the  bridle-paths  of  the  Indians.  It 
seems  that  there  was  a  still  earlier  building,  but  not  upon  the  site  of  the  pres- 
ent ones,  for  0  '1  V.  L  m dm  Snowden  state-,,  m  an  address  at  the  centennial 
anniversary,  in  isSo.  that  alth  esent  church  is  now  less  than    "a 

mile,  in  a  direct  line,  from  the  creek,  the  original  log  structure  in  which  our 
duped  was  much  nearer  the  stream  than  the  present  building.* 
Indeed,  the  tra  litions  which  my  father  received  from  some  of  the  old  settlers, 
and  gave  me,  make  the  location  within  a  very  short  distance  from  the  same, 
a  little  way  above  where  Sample'-  bridge  now  stands." 

The  pastors  of  this  church  have  been  Revs.  Samuel  Thompson,  1739-45; 
Samuel  749-50;  John  Steel,  1764-76;  Samuel  Waugh,  1782  1807; 
John  Have,.  L808  11:  Henry  R.  Wilson.  IN  14  23;  .lames  Williamson, 
Morris,  L838-60;  Wm.  II.  Din-more.  L861-65;  W.  G.  Hill- 
man.  L866  67;  W.  B.  McKee,  1868-70;  R.  P.  Gibson,  1872-75;  T.  J.  Fer- 
guson, 1878.  

ive  already  entered  Into  a  period  .if  fabulous  antiquity     "Tl huroh  edifice  which  preceded  the 

Dr.  Nerln,  in  hi-  lii.t..rv  of  roe  Churches  of  the  Valley"  [published  In  I8S2],  "  and  which 
■    it  -livers'  spring,  was,  we  have  been  informed  by  one  who  learned  U 
near  the  place  where  th. 
ofihalh  niz  ui. m  of  a  church  in  . 

at  iii.u  lime  are 

dona      [tli    however,  i'..r  mora  than  prohl  eta  which  we  have  elre^d] 

t*ph«  which  are  found  in  the  cemelerv.  that  the  oil  In  what  is  now  the 

mbled  for  the  wor- 
ship of  tied,  was  erected  about  one  hundred  and  twenty  years  ago  "     [Churchet  0/  the  Valley,  p.  75] 


342  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

A  burial  place  in  the  grove  is  connected  with  the  church,  and  some  of  the 
inscriptions  can  be  read  with  dates  as  early  as  1747,  if  not  earlier  still. 
Within  a  few  years  past  a  handsome  memorial  gothic  chapel  has  been  erected 
in  the  grove  by  the  McCormick  family.  The  circular  grove  of  trees  in  which 
these  churches  stand  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  which  can  be  found  in  the 
valley,  and  we  do  not  wonder  that  the  beauty  and  the  hallowed  associations  of 
this  spot  gave  birth  to  the  following  poem,  from  the  pen  of  an  unknown 
author,  which  was  published  about  thirty-five  years  ago  in  the  Gazette,  a  paper 
published  in  Mechanicsburg : 

SILVER  SPRING. 

'Twas  on  a  quiet  Sabbath. 

One  warm  midsummer  day, 
"When  first,  with  childish  eagerness, 

I  trod  its  moss-grown  way; 
Yet  paused  with  every  footstep, 

Lest  my  coming  might  intrude 
On  the  spirit-haunted  trysting-place 

Within  its  solitude. 

For,  where  the  grass  grew  tallest 

In  a  myrtle-covered  dell, 
And  softest,  deepest  shadows 

From  waving  branches  fell, 
Lay,  in  unbroken  stillness, 

Old  Scotland's  exiled  dead. 
O'er  whose  mysterious  slumbers 

An  hundred  years  had  fled. 

No  pompous,  proud  mausoleum 

Or  sculptured  marble  tomb 
Threw  round  this  spot  a  mockery 

Of  dark,  funereal  gloom; 
But  through  the  tangled  walnut  boughs, 

Half  veiled,  but  not  concealed, 
Like  a  sentinel  on  duty, 

An  old  church  stood  revealed. 

A  beaten,  narrow,  thread-like  path 

Wound  through  the  thick  green  wood, 
And,  following  where  it  seemed  to  lead, 

I,  in  a  moment,  stood 
Beside  a  rill  so  beautiful, 

Of  coloring  so  rare, 
I  surely  thought  the  sunshine 

Had  been  imprisoned  there. 

A  ledge  of  gray,  uneven  rocks 

Rested  against  the  hill; 
And  from  their  veins  the  water  gushed 

With  such  a  gleeful  trill- 
Such  liquid,  silver,  soothing  sounds— 

I  almost  held  my  breath, 
Lest  e'en  a  whisper  might  disturb 

The  harmony  beneath. 

The  quiet  dead,  the  old  stone  church, 

And  myrtle-covered  dell, 
Each  had"  its  tale  of  thankfulness 

For  living  love  to  tell; 
What  wonder,  then,  that  pleasant 

Recollections  always  cling 
Around  the  sunny  Sabbaths 

I  spent  at  Silver  Spring. 


SOOTH  AMl'Tt  is    TOWNSHIP.  W8 


MI8CEL1  LNEOU8, 


The  Cumberland  Vallej  Railroad  passes  through  the  southern  portion  of 
the  township,  in  a  weal  bj  northerlj  direction  from  Mechanicsburg,  till  within 
a  short  ilistaiu-o  of  Middlesex  Township  lini»,  when  it  take9  a  sudden  south- 
western ooarae. 

The"  postotlhes  in  Silver  Spring  Township  are  New  Kingstown  and 
Hogestown. 


CHAPTER  XXX IV. 

SOUTHAMPTON  TOWNSHIP.* 

SOUTHAMPTON  is  the  extreme  southwestern  township  of  the  county,  and  is 
bounded  on  the  north  by  Hopewell,  on  the  cast  by  Newton,  and  on  the  south 
ai,,i  west  bj  the  lines  oi  Adams  and  Franklin  Counties.  It  was  formed, 
originally,  one  year  before  the  formation  of   Franklin  County,  from  portions 

gan  and  Hopewell  Townships,  in  October,  L783.  At  this  session  of  the 
oouri  a  petition  is  presented  praying  the  court  to  erect  into  one  separate  town- 
ship such  parts  of  the  said  townships  of  Hopewell  and  Lurgan  as  are  included  in 
the   descripti  "h1    tllat   >'    "De  ,'''ll'',,i   henceforth  by  the  name  of 

S.  mt  ha  nipt,  in."  which  petition  «;h  confirmed  by  the  court. 

In  this  petition  complaint    is   made  of  the  great  length  of  the  said  town - 

amely,    Hopewell  and  Lurgan     "which  at  present  extend  from  the 

North  to  the  South  Mountains  at  a  distance  of  aboul  fifteen  miles."     The  ere- 

i    Franklin  County,  in  September,   1  i  84 .  disturbed  the  boundary  of  this 

dp,  so  thai  another  petition  of  a  number  of  the  inhabitants  of  South- 
ampton Township  is  presented  to  the  court  in  January,  1791,  setting  forth  that 
the  said  township  of  Southampton  was  some  years  laid  off  from  Hopewell  and 
Lurgan  Townships  into  a  separate  township  by  the  name  of  Southampton; 
that,  soon  after  that,  the  "said  township  of  Southampton  was  cut  in  two  bj  a 
line  dividing  Franklin  from   Cumberland  County,"  etc.,  and  states  that  at  a 

g  of  the  inhabitants  of  Hopewell  and  Southampton  Townships  il  was 
agreed  that  "the  ft  darj  between  Hopewell  and  Southampton  Town 

ship-  begin  at   Capt.    William  Strains'   mill-dam;  thence  along  the  southeast 

side  of  the  laid  out  road  leading  from  said  Strains'  mill  to  Ji -  frvin's  mill 

until  it  intersects  the  line  between  Newton  and  Hopewell,"  etc.,  and  prays  the 
OOnrl  t.,  grant  relief  by  confirming  the  said  boundary:  which  was  done,  so  that 
"  that  pari  of  the  said  tow  nshipof  Hopewell  lj  ing  southeast  of  the  road  lead- 
ing from  Strains'  to  Irwin's  mill  shall  be  henceforth  called  Southampton." 

CHARACTER    OF    SOIL,    ETC. 

the  soil  in  Southampton   Township  is,  in  the  north,  undu- 
lating limestone  land,  more  or  less  rocky,  but  productive,  and  in  which,  at  its 

settlement.   W8S    what     wa-    known    a-   "barren-."   a    sort  of  pi 'airie  land  where 

the  Indian-  I  I  the  forests,  which  grew  up  afterward  into  brush;  this 

lime-ton.,  land  containing  oak.   hickory,  and  several  varieties  of  locust  and 

walnut,  whil i  the  gravel  land  south  there  were  large  forests  of  yellow   pine 

•For  borough  of  Shippensburg,  sec  pag.'  2  It, 


344  ;  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

extending  from  the  base  of  the  mountains  three  miles  into  the  valley.  This 
description  is  true  of  the  whole  south  side  of  the  upper  portion  of  the  valley 
until  it  reaches  almost  the  center  of  the  county.  This  land  is  well  watered 
by  numerous  streams. 

Some  superior  ore  banks  have  been  discovered  in  this  township,  and  there- 
fore it  was  that,  long  ago,  furnaces  were  established.  The  first  of  these,  built 
by  John  Moore,  of  Carlisle,  in  1824,  on  the  stream  near  the  foot  of  the  South 
Mountain,  was  one  known' as  Augusta.  Another,  on  the  same  stream,  in  the 
forest  below,  was  known  as  Mary  Ann.  A  third,  still  later,  about  four  miles 
east  of  the  latter,  was  called  Big  Pond.  They  have  all  long  since  ceased  to 
be  in  operation.  Other  mills,  and  for  other  purposes,  have  since  been  built  m 
the  neighborhood  of  Middle  Spring.  Deposits  of  superior  hematite  iron 
ore  are  to  be  found  at  different  places  in  the  township,  while  fine  farms  abound 
on  the  limestone  land. 

One  matter  in  connection  with  the  township  during  the  Revolution  is  of  in- 
terest. Two  powder-mills  were  erected,  one  near  the  foot  of  South  Mountain, 
and  the  other  about  a  mile  northwest  of  Shippensburg.  The  former  was  but 
a  short  distance  on  the  run  above  where  the  Mary  Ann  Furnace  was  subse- 
quently built,  and  the  other  just  below  where  the  Zearfoss  flouring-mill  now 
stands.  Both  mills  were  blown  up,  at  different  times,  and  in  both  cases  re- 
sulted in  the  death  of  the  proprietors. 

EARLIEST  SETTLERS. 

The  southwestern  portion  of  this  township  was  settled  at  a  very  early 
period.  Large  tracts  of  land,  lying  between  the  southeastern  boundary  of  the 
first  purchase  made  by  Edward  Shippen  and  the  base  of  the  South  Mountains, 
were  owned  by  John  Reynolds,  Benjamin  Blythe,  Col.  James  Dunlap,  John 
Cesna  and  others.  John  Reynolds'  tract  joined  that  of  Mr.  Shippens  on  its 
southeastern  side,  while  south  of  the  latter  lay  that  of  Mr.  Blythe.  Just 
southeast  of  the  Blythe  tract  lies  the  one  which  was  purchased  by  CoL 
Dunlap  in  1767.  East  of  this  tract  is  the  Cesna  farm,  upon  which  Dennis 
O'Neidenand  John  Kirkpatrick  were  killed  by  the  Indians  July  18,  1757. 
This  farm  was  one  of  the  first  occupied  in  the  township,  and  remained  in  the 
possession  of  the  descendants  of  Mr.  Cesna  until  about  the  year  1827.  On  the 
north  and  northwest  of  the  second  purchase  of  Mr.  Shippen,  were  the  Brum- 
fields,  Duncans,  Wherrys,  McCunes,  Caldwells,  Culbertsons,  Morrows,  Fin- 
levs,  Monto-omerys  and  others.  These  were  among  the  earliest  settlers  in  the 
valley,  and°most  of  them  were  men  of  intelligence  and  enterprise,  constituting 
such  a  group  of  these  hardy  Scotch-Irish  as  will  bear  comparison  with  any 
which  can  be  collected  at  the  present  day.  * 

VILLAGES. 

There  are  three  villages  in  the  township,  namely,  Leesburg,  Cleversburg 
and  Middle  Spring. 

Leesburg  is  situated  on  the  Harnsburg  &  Potomac  Railroad,  on  the  \\  al- 
nut  Bottom  road,  four  miles  east  of  Shippensburg,  and  was  originally  settled 
by  Scotch-Irish  families,  such  as  the  Maxwells,  Highlands,  Chestnuts  and 
others,  who  lived  upon  the  lands  upon  which  it  is  built,  or  just  adjacent.  It 
contains  at  present  a  postoffice,  a  church,  three  stores,  graded  schools,  and  a 
population  of  about  300  inhabitants.  The  town  was  called  from  George^  Lee, 
who  kept  a  tavern  in  a  log  house  which  stood  on  the  south  side  of  the  Walnut 

»The  writer  has  to  say  that  some  of  the  above  facts  were  obtained  from  the  late  Hon.  John  McCurdy  who 
seems  to  have  made  a  careful  study  of  this  portiou  of  the  county. 


I  ii  IMPTON   TOW  N  s  1 1 1 1  * .  3  I"' 

Bottom  road     This  house,  a  bum  bouse  of  Mr.  Adam   Reese,  and   a   I 

whiob  stood  on  the  north  Bide  of  the  road  below  that  of  Mr.  Reese,  were  tin. 

only  houses  thou  standing  within  the  present  limits  of  | sburg,     The  land  to 

Che  >outh  and  west  of  Lee's  house,  we  air  informed,  was  thou  covered  with 
beavj  timber,  consisting  of  yellow  pine,  white  and  black  oak,  and  hickory,  noi 
was  there  am  cleared  land  on  either  aide  of  the  Walnut  Bottom  road  from 
that  point  until  within  a  mile  of  Shippeusburg  excepting  two  farms,  the  Belta 
and    Rebrick. 

Oleversburg  i-  situated  jus!  smith  of  the  center  of  the  township,  about  one 
inilo  from  the  Sooth  Mountains,  on  land  which  originally  belonged  to  George 
Croft,  hut  which  was  purchased  afterward  by  George  Clever.  The  town  was 
i  bout  I860,      [t  was  called  after  George  Clever,  and  was  laid   out   upon 

the  lands  of  George  Clever  ami  ffm.  Sibbet  and  others.  Up  to  this  time 
1 1860)  there  were  hut  two  houses,  and  a  grist  or  flour  null  which  is  still  stand 
.  lever  owned  the  Goohenaur,  or.  originally,  Croft,  mill.  The  town 
contain-  a  postoffice,  a  furnace,  two  churohes,  school-,  a  grist  null,  and  a 
population  of  about  350.  A  branch  railroad  run-  to  the  ore  banks  and  furna- 
ces from  Cleversburg. 

Middle  Spring  i-  located  about  two  miles  north  of  Shippeusburg.  It  takes 
its  name  from  the  Bpiing  and  the  old  church  which  stands  there.  There  is 
here  a  -tore,    postoffice,   blacksmith's  -hop  and  a  number  of   dwellings. 

Minni.K  SPRING  CHUBOB    \M'  ukavk-y  \ui>. 
For  some  reason  all  the  old  Presbyterian  Churches  of  the  Cumberland  Val- 
ley were  erected  near  a  spring  or  stream  of  water,  and  from  their  location  they 
derived  their  names.     Of  these  Middle  Spring  is  one.     Of  the  exact  date  of  the 

origin  of  this  congregation    no  record  ha-  1 u  preserved;  neither  can  it  be  as 

certained    from   an\   other   source.      A    log  church,  thirty  live   feet    square,   was 
i  here  about  1738,  not  far  from  where  the  present  Middle  Spring  Church 

now  stands.     In    1765  a  new  structure  was  erected,  and  enlarged  tr time  to 

time,  which  WHS  sue eded  in   L781   by  the  stone  structure,  which  gave  place,  in 

1M7.  to  the  new  brick  church,  which  has  since  been  romodeled  and  improved. 
Instead  of,  ourselves,  attempting  to  describe  these  churches,  we  prefer  to 
qosI  verbatim,  the  word-  of  one  who  is  more  familiar  with  them. 
"Those,  "  Bays  Dr.  Nevin,  "who  are  familiar  with  this  locality,  remember 
well  the  green  dope  to  the  right  on  which  the  building  stands:  the  grave  yard 
in  the  rear;  the  beautiful  wood  stretching  back,  with  its  refreshing  Bhi 
the  old  mill-dam  to  the  left;  the  fountain  of  fresh  water  bubbling  up  close  by; 
the  murmuring  stream,  which  rolls  on  under  thick  hanging  foliage;  and  the 
"  Low.t  Grave  yard  "  a  little  to  the  north,  along  which  the  stream  flows  in  its 
course,  chanting  it-  Bweei  requiem  tor  the  dead."  It  was  in  tins  grave-yard 
that  the  first  church  in  this  region  was  built.  This  was  aboui  1738.  It  does 
not  now  stand.  It  was  demolished,  and  another  log  one  built  upon  the  spot. 
This  was  considerably  larger,  being  about  forty-eight  feet  Long  and  forty-eight 
wide.     In  a  little  while  this  wa-  extended,   bj  removing  three   side-  of   the 

building  then  in  use.  and  embracing  a  little  more  -pa □  either  side,  winch 

was  covered  with  a  roof,  something  in  the  form  of  a  shed.  Up  the  sides  of 
these  additions  to  the  main  edifice,  and  over  the  roofs,  were  erected  wooden 

steps,  bj  which  access  was  gai I  to  the  gallery.     This  arrangement  was  made 

for  want  of  room  in  the  interior  of  the  building  for  the  construction  of  a  stair 
way.  About  the  year  1781,  the  old  stone  church  was  erected,  whose  site,  as 
is  well  known,  wa-  just  beside  that  of  the  present  building.  This  was  still 
larger  than  it-  predecessor,  fifty-eight  by  sixty  eig]  I  at  about  this  same 


346  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

time  the  grave  yard  immediately  in  its  rear  was  located.  This  was  done,  not 
only  because  the  old  one  was  already  filled,  but  also  because  its  soil  was  of  a 
gravelly  description,  and  its  lower  section,  by  reason  of  its  nearness  to  the 
stream,  was  subject  to  frequent  inundation. 

The  present  brick  church  at  Middle  Spring  was  built,  but  seemingly,  at 
least,  not  without  poetic  protest,  in  1747-48,  as  in  the  volume  from  which  we 
have  quoted,  among  others,  there  appears  this  verse: 

"That  old  stone  church!     Hid  in  these  oaks  apart, 

I  hoped  the  newer  world  would  ne'er  invade, 
But  only  time,  with  its  slow,  hallowing  art, 

Would  touch  it.  year  by  year,  with  softer  shade, 
And  craek  its  walls  no  more.  but.  interlaid, 

Mend  them  with  moss.     Its  ancient  sombre  cast 
Dearer  to  me  is  than  all  art  displayed 

In  modern  churches,  which,  by  their  contrast, 
Make  this  to  stand  forlorn,  held  in  the  solemn  past."* 

Of  the  list  of  persons,  to  show  the  warlike  mettle  of  these  men,  members  or 
adherents  of  this  church,  who  took  part  in  the  Revolution,  we  may  mention 
Cols.  Benjamin  Blythe,  Isaac  Miller,  Robt.  Peebles,  William  Scott,  Abraham 
Smith;  Maj.  James  Herron;  Capts.  William  Rippey,  Matthew  Henderson, 
Matthew  Scott,  David  McKnight,  John  McK.ee,  "William  Strain,  Joseph  Brady, 
Robert  Quigley,  Charles  Leeper  (killed  at  Crooked  Billet,  May,  1778),  Charles 
Maclay,  Samuel  Blythe,  Samuel  "Walker,  James  Scott,  Samuel  McCune,  Sam- 
uel Kearsley  and  Lieut.  Samuel  Montgomery  (lost  a  leg  at  Crooked  Billet) ; 
John  Heap, 'Esq.,  Samuel  Cox,  Esq.,  Francis  Campble,'  John  Reynolds,  Esq., 
Thomas  McClellan,  Joseph  McKenney,  James  McKee,  Robert  Donavin,  Will- 
iam Turner,  Thomas  McCombs,  William  Sterritt,  John  Woods,  Esq.,  William 
Anderson,  John  Maclav,  James  Duulap,  Esq.,  James  Lowry,  Esq.,  John  Mac- 
lay  (mountain),  William  Barr,  Archibald  Cambridge,  John  Herron,  David  Her- 
ron, David  Duncan,  John  McKnight,  James  McCune,  David  Mahan,  John 
Thompson,  Jacob  Porter,  Isaac  Jenkins  (one  of  five  brothers  who  died  in 
camp  of  contagious  disease,  all  of  whom  are  buried  in  the  Lower  Grave-yard), 
Samuel  Dixon,  John  Grier.  A  number  of  the  members  of  this  church  were 
present  in  the  meeting  held  in  the  Presbyterian  Church,  in  Carlisle,  June  12, 
1774,  to  protest  against  the  closing  of  the  port  of  Boston. 

MIDDLE    SPRING    CHURCH    LANDS. 

The  history  of  the  lands  which  belonged  to  the  Middle  Spring  Church  is  thus 
given  by  Rev.  S.  Wylie,  its  present  pastor:  "On  the  27th  of  May,  1767,  there 
was  surveyed  and  sold  to  Francis  Campble,  Robert  Chambers,  William  Duncan 
and  John  Maclay,  the  tract  of  land  in  Hopewell  Township,  Cumberland  County, 
called  'Mount  Hope,'  very  much  in  the  form  of  a  wedge,  with  the  head 
extending  along  the  Middle  Spring,  beyond  the  old  grave-yard,  and  the  sharp 
point  reaching  almost  to  Mean's  Run  in  the  direction  of  Shippensburg,  contain- 
ing 49  acres  and  110  perches,  for  which  they  paid  the  State  of  Pennsylvania 
the  sum  of  £3  and  I63.  This  land  was  patented  by  these  men  September  17, 
1790,  and  in  November,  1793,  they  deeded  it  to  the  trustees  of  the  Middle 
Spring  Church.  On  the  3d  of  December,  1813,  there  was  sold  of  this  land,  at 
public'  auction,  nine  acres  and  nine  parches,  lying  along  and  including  the 
water-right  of  Middle  Spring,  to  Samuel  Cox,  at  1150  per  acre.  On  the  10th 
of  May,  1825,  of  the  remainder  twenty-four  acres  and  fifty-three  perches  were 
sold  to  Mr.  George  Diehl  for  the  sum  of  $486.62.  There  thus  remains  some- 
thing above  sixteen  acres  of  these  lands,  which  still  belong  to  the  church. 

♦From  poem  by  Prof.  W.  M.  Nevin  :  "  The  Guardian,"  May,  1862. 


SOUTH    MlMH.KInN    TOWNSHIP.  :{(7 

old  grave  yard  belonging  to  this  ohnroh  was  used  from  its  earliest  hie- 
h'r>  rneoldesrf  records  now  legible,  however,  onlj  datebackto  1770  The 
oldesl  names  appear  to  be  the  Wrights  and  Johnsons.  The  present  stone  wall 
was  buiH  before  L805.  It  had  a  shingle  oomb-roof  ami  was  painted  red  The 
upper  or  oem  yard  was  inclosed  in  1842." 

MISCKI.I.ANEOU8. 

fchampton  Township  is  favored  with  two  railroads,  the  Cumberland  Val- 
I  the  Hamsbmg  A   Potomac,  the  former  naming  through  the  more  north- 
erly part    of   the   township,   and  the  latter  through   the  center  portion       The 
postoffices    are    Shippenahnrg,   Middle  Spring,   Cleversburg  and  Lee's  Cross 


CHAPTER  XXXV. 


SOUTH    MIDDLETON     TOWNSHIP    AND     BOROUGH     OF     MOUNT 
HOLLY    SPRINGS. 

Q<  >UTH  MIDDLETON  TOWNSHIP  was  originally  a  portion  of  Middleton, 
KJ  which  was  created  from  Pennsborongh  in    1750,  but  divided  into  its  north- 
ern and  southern  townships  in  November,  1810.     It  lies  just  south  of  Carlisle 
bounded  on  the  north  In   Worth  Middleton  and  Middlesex;  on  the  east  by  Mon- 
roe; on  the  south   by  the  counties  of  York   and  Adams,  and  on  the   west  by 
Dickinson  and  a  small   portion  of   West  Pennsborough.     The  character  of  the 
soil  is  not  the  same  in  all  portions  of  the  township.      In  its  southern  extremity 
the  South   Mountains  slope  gradually,   like    a   great   wave,    broken  into    cre- 
vasses and  smaller   valleys,    until   it  reaches  the  rich  limestone  lands  below 
There  is  a  great  contrast.      The  former  is  scrnh  pine  and  forest  mountain  land 
and  was  long  ago  described  as  "  a  wild  and  desert  region  covered  with  forests 
which  yield  fuel  for  furnaces  in  them  or  on  their  borders;  but  offering  little  at- 
traction to  any  except  the  woodcutter  and  the  hunter,"  while  below  the  soil  is 
ohkaosl,^1,t„„lal[,,t,|itvl  with  highly  cultivated  farms,  good  buildings  and 

If  one  reaches  the  South  Mountains  he  finds  that  the  rocks  are  of  a  differ- 
ent  character  from  those  of  the  level  region.  Lying  along  this  range  ho  meets 
w,  h  compart  white  sandstone,  some  portions  timbered,  some  barren,  others 
with  laurel  undergrowth  and  brush.  At  Pine  Grove,  on  Mountain  Creek 
there  i.  a  detached  bed  of  limestone  land,  with  brown  argillaceous  earth  and 
hematite  iron  ore,  which  had  always  furnished  a  plentiful  supply  to  the  fur- 
nace  of  that  place.  L  L  J 

ong  the  numerous  branches  of  the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad  the 
•South  Mountain,  onpnaUy  built  to  Pine  (hove  Furnace  for  the  transportation 
of  therrouoree  and  manufactured  products  of  thai   region,  but  now  extended 

to  Gettysburg,  is  ex, hngly  interesting  on   accounl   of  the  wildness  of  the 

Menery.      Fheviewasyon   pass  along  over  these  mountains  toward  Gettvs 
raned  by  intervals  of  forest,  rude  rocks,  abrupt  or  broken  declivities 
deep  chasms,  over  which  the  road  is  supported  bj  trestle  wm  tingle 

still  of  the  unbroken  and  silent  wilderness,  but  into  whirl,  civilization  is  already 


34g  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

u-  ■<■  m0rr  TW«  remarks  apply  only  to  the  southern  or  mountainous 
^oftSwnlht ^^fgre^part  the  northern  and  limestone  land 
consists,  as  we  have  said,  of  fertile  fields  and  farms. 


ROADS  AND  STREAMS. 


Of  the  numerous  roads  which  lead  in  every  direction,  and  many  of  which 
are  well  macadamized,  we  may  mention  particularly  the  old  teM^J 
over  turnpike,  which  was  for  many  years  the  principal  ^toBdta*™^*! 
which  was  laid  out  principally  by  parties  who  lived  in  South  Middleton  lown 

8hi  The  streams  by  which  the  township  is  well  watered  are  the  Yellow  Breeches 
n  i7  t  Mn  -t  S m-incr  Boiling  Spring  and  Mountain  Run;  the  former  flow- 
SLSta^  tS  fente^of  the  township,  east  and  west,  and  the  two  lat- 
ter  nearly  north  and  south* 

EARLY    SETTLEMENTS. 

This  portion  of  Cumberland  County,  which  is  now  South  Middleton  Town- 

Z Ce  any  knowledge,  ™  one  granted  to  George  Brandon,  ,n  1743,  of  » 
Creek  Most  if  not  all,  of  these  earlier  settlers  were  Scotch-Irish  Such 
bSktoSHmS  of  the  eonnty.  Among  other  old  fam,to=,  **¥*»«»» 
3*  laid  ont  Boiling  Springs),  P.tore,  Goody.ar.,  McFeeleye,  E-»- 

aria?  SESW^^t^r^ss^SM 

by  A.  M  .Leidich      A n^  .    Hnton  now&lives.      The  Pattersons  were 

^V:^^o^G:L%e  tract  on  Letort       Stephen  ^  *££ 

lMgAbori?ShSrpSL'  tract,  west  of  Boiling  Springs,large  tracts  were 
1\XL\,  ^relatn  ^^^^^^li^^^^^ 

l^^X^^^^^^^^^^  Breeches  Cree*. 


SOUTH    MIDDLETON  TOWNSHIP,  849 

Boiling  Springs  lands  were  taken  np  originally  bj  James  and  Andrew  Croek- 

ert.       in  the  \ii-init\  of  Boiling  Springe  there  are  tl bracts  which  are  par 

tioularly  worthy  of  mention:   The  ore  banks,  a  large  tract  adjacent,   and  the 

land  npon  which  the  town  of  Etoiling  Springs  is  built       The  thr< re  banks 

seem  to  have  l a  taken  ap  at  a  very  early  period,  and  afterward  the  large 

tract  Bnrronnding  them.  This  latter  is  described  a-  "one  traol  in  Middleton 
[now  South  Middleton]  Township,  in  the  count]  of  Cumberland,  containing 
1,644  acres,  surveyed  in  the  name  of  John   Rigbj  &  Oo.  on  the  8th,  9th,  10th 

ami  1 2th  days  of  July,  17i'>'_'."  and  which  was  returned  in  pnrsnai of  certain 

warrants  issned  bj  the  proprietaries  of  Pennsylvania,  dated  Mm  31,  1702,  "to 
John  Rigby,   Franois  Sannderson,  and  Joseph,  Samuel  and  John  Morris,  Jr." 

This  tract  was  divided   into  -ixt 1  equal  parts,      John  Armstrong  and  wife 

owned  two  in  L764,  bnl  i'e  conveyed  them  to  Michael  Ege  in  1792.  Two  parts 
belonged  t.>  Robert  Thornbnrg,  ami  the  rest  remaining  in  the  original  owners 
OT  their  descendant-,  the  whole  tract  |>as-e,l,  by  various  conveyances. to  M  ichae] 
Ege,  the  elder.        The    earliest   mention  in   these  various  deeds  or    conveyances 

of  the  Carlisle  Iron  Works  is  in   1765,  hut  they  had  I n  evidently,   a1  this  pe 

riod,  for  a  number  of  years  in  existence.  The  probabilities  are  thai  fchej  were 
started  when  tins  original  grant  was  given,  in  July,  L762,  if  not  at  a  still  ear- 
lier period.  At  these  work-,  it  is  -aid,  the  earliest  cannon  manufactured  in 
the  United  States  were  made,  01 f  which  is  said  to  have  been  captured  dur- 
ing the  Revolutionary  war  and  removed  to  the  Tower  of  London.  The  three 
ore  bank-  were  described  as  having  about  twenty  acres  each,  but  these  tracts 
were  embraced  in  an  original  sale  of  land  made  by  William  Penn  to  Adam 
Kroesen,  then  of  Holland,  by  dee,  1  of  7th  of  .March.  1682}  the  right -whereof 
was  afterward  vested  in  Richard  Peters.  secretary  in  the  land  office  in  Phila- 
delphia, who.  in  April,  1761,  conveyed  to  Jacob  Yoner,  of  Lancaster,  1,000 
acres  of  the  -aid  land;  but  Jacob  Yoner,  in  pursuance  of  a  warrant  from  the 
proprietaries,  dated  April  16,  1761,  caused  to  be  surveyed  to  him,  instead  of 
000  acres,  the  three  ore  banks  above  mentioned.  By  deed  of  Jacob 
Toner,  »'>th  of  November,  1761,  these  banks,  were  conveyed  toJohn  Rigby  and 
Nathaniel  Giles,  and  a  patent  of  confirmation  was  granted,  and  by  various 
nee-  they  became  vested  in  the  firm  known  as  Rigby&Co.,  which  con  - 
si-ted  of  John  Rigby,  Francis  Sannderson,  and  the  Morrises,  of  Philadelphia. 
They  afterward  came  into  possession  of  Michael  Ege,  the  elder,  who  was  at 
this  time  one  of  the  most  prominent  iron  men  in  Pennsylvania,  at  one  time 
owning  the  forges  and  furnaces  at  Pine  Grove,  at  Mount  Holly  and  at  Boiling 
Springs. 

The  third  tract  was  the  one  upon  which  the  Carlisle  Iron  Works  and  the 
town  of  Boiling  Springs  i-  built.      It  is  described  as  "a  tract  of  398  acres, 
ches,  and  all  called  Boiling  Springs,  situated  on  the  Yellow  Breeches 
Creek,  grantedby  the  proprietaries  of  Pennsylvania  to  Richard  Peter  ■.   b\   pat 
h  of  <  >ctober,  L762." 

A  portion  of  this  tract  was  granted  to  John  Dickey,  embracing  the  head  of 

Boiling  Springs;   another  portion  to  David  R I.    embracing  the  upper  or 

smaller  spring,  and  about  twenty  nine  acres  to  Rigbj  &  Co.  for  the  Carlisle 
Iron  Work-.  It  was  a  portion  of  this  tract  of  land,  originally  granted  in  Oc- 
tober. 1  i62,  to  Richard  Peters,  which,  after  being  owned  by  John  Dickey  and 
mdants,  came  into  possession  of  MichaelEge,  theelder,  and  afterward, 
b\  deed  dated  April  I.  1808,  I  .ecame  the  property  of  John  and  Abraham  Kan ff 
man. 

80ME    EARLY    REMINISCENCES. 

following  letter,  written  by  Thomas  Craighead,  Jr.,  in  1845,  is  full  of 


350  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

pronto  HX>  .ore,  of  l.ad  „  Idto.  Br«ch»,  wh.ch  „  r.ow  deeded  to 

fodcfer  bo  Bcarce  that  some  farmers  were  obliged  to  feed  the  thatch  that  was 
on  their  barns  to  keep  their  cattle  alive.  James  Lamb  bought  land  in  toner 
man's  Valley    and  h/and  his  neighbors  had  to  pack  straw  on  horses  across  the 

Revolutionary  war.  The  house  had  been  a  tavern,  and  m  repairing  it,  Mr 
Er6r  found  some  books,  etc. ,  which  are  a  curiosity.  Charge,  breakfast  £20, 
dinner  horse  feed  £30,  and  some  charges  still  more  extravagant;  but  we  know 
^'pa^So^sB  money.  So  late  as  1808  I  hauled  some  materials  to 
Olfver  EW  saw-mil  at  Pittsburgh.  I  was  astonished  to  see  a  mill  going 
w  hout  water  Mr.  Evans  satisfied  my  curiosity  by  shewing  and  explaining 
rvervthir!f he  could  to  me.  He  looked  earnestly  at  me  and  said:  'You  may 
Te  to  see  your  wa-ons  coming  out  here  by  steam.'  The  words  were  so  im- 
pressed  on  my  Jind  that  I  have  always  remembered  them.  I  have  lived  to  see 
them  go through  Cumberland  County,  and  it  seems  to  me  that  I  mayseftem 
to  Lough  to  Pittsburgh;  but  I  have  seen  Mr.  Evans'  prophecy  fulfilled  be^ 
fond  Si  thought  possible  at  that  time;  but  things  have  progressed  at  a 
Lte  much  faster  tha/the  most  gigantic  minds  imagined,  and  we  are  onwards 

8tilThink  of  it!  the  old  wagons,  the  thatched  barns,  the  narrow  roads,  and  we 
may  form  some  faint  conception  of  those  times. 


SCHOOLS. 


This  township  is  among  the  most   advanced  in  the  matter  of  education 
There  are mneteen  schools?  some  graded,  and  with  the  schoo  houses  in  good 
Stion,  supported  for  six  montlfs  in  the  year  by  public  and   or  throe ^onth 
additional  by  private  funds.     So,  here,  as  in  every  portion  of  the  county,  some 
contemplative  Jaques  can  see 

*       *       *         "the  whining  school  boy,  with  his  satchel 
And  shining  morning  face,  creeping  like  snail 
Unwillingly  to  school." 

BAILKOADS    AND    POSTOFFICES. 

The  South  Mountain  Railroad,  from  Carlisle  to  Pine  Grove furnace   was 
,,.,■„  1869  and  1870  by  the  South  Mountain  Iron  Company.    In  188d  it  was 
I     fAYnaSvlbm^  and  organized  under  the  name  of  the  "Gettysburg  & 
^tended  to  Gettysbivr^  and     ^  tion  at  Carlisle  to  Round 

Harrisbmg  Railroad        It  no  proJminent  points  of  that  famous 

fieTd.      J.  C   SSwas^he  first  president;  William  H.  Woodward,  first  super- 
intendent,  treasurer  and  secretary. 


SOUTH    MIDDLETON    TOWNSHIP.  851 

Tht  Harriaburg  dk  Potomae  Railroad,  which  rnxis  eaeri  and  vest,  passing 
through  Dearly  the  center  of  the  township,  was  incorporated  in  Way,  1869,  as 
Che  "Meramar  Iron  Company."  Ets  name  was  afterward  changed  to  its 
present  one.      Work  was  begun  mi  the  road  in  October,  L871,  an. I  that  part, 

which  extends  beta Mount  Boll]  Springs  and  the  Dillsbnrg  branch  of  tin* 

Cumberland  Valley  Koad  was  completed  before  isT.Y      Dam.']  \.  A  hi  was  the 
tirst  president. 

l/i,  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad  runs  parti]  along  the  northern  border  of 
the  township,  forming  the  greater  part  .if  the  boundary  line  between  it  and 
North  Middled  m  Tow  oship. 

The  postoffices  in  the  township  are  Mount  Holly  Springs,  Boiling  Spi 
Hatton  and  Hunter-  Run, 

ISO    SPRINGS. 

This  place  was  laid  out  by  Daniel  Kauffinan.  son  of  Abraham  Kauffinan, 
who  owned  all  tin- land  upon  which  the  town  is  built,  during  the  year  1845. 
The  first  survey  of  the  town  was  made  in  the  Call  of  this]  oar  byA.  M.  Leidich, 
who  also  purchased  the  first  two  lots,  Nos.  1  and  'J.,  where  he  now  resides  and 
the  one  adjoining.  At  this  time  there  were  but  two  buildings,  the  stone  tavern 
built  by  Philip,  and  t he  stone  farm  house  opposite,  built  by  Frederick  Brech- 
bill.  The  village  of  Boiling  Spring  is  beautifully  situated  in  the  rolling  bluffs 
of  rich  land  which  lie  almost  at  the  foot  of  the  South  Mountain.  The  town  is 
handsomely  laid  out,  part  of  it  fronting  on  the  beautiful  sheet  of  crystal  water, 
from  which  the  tract  originally,  and  the  town  afterward,  derives  its  name. 
Under  this  beautiful  sheet  of  wat.-r  there  are  subterranean  Bprings,  coming 
from  03  lindrical  r.  icks,  where  the  witter  is  thrown  perpendicularly  upward  from 
its  rocky  bed  to  the  surface  which  it  disturbs,  at  places,  giving  to  them  the 
appearance  of  water  which  is  '■boiling."  thus  suggesting  naturally  the  name 
by  which  it  is  known.  The  largest  of  these  outlets  is  said  to  have  a  capacity 
of  about  twenty  hogsheads  per  minute.  The  main  body  of  the  water,  however, 
has  an  untroubled  surface,  and  is  deep  and  clear.  Handsome  shade  trees  near 
it  also  enhance  the  beauty  of  this  spring,  the  water  of  which  flows  into  the 
Yellow  Breeches  Creek  near  Island  Grove,  a  beautiful  spot  not  far  distant  from 
the  \illage.  The  town  itself  is  laid  out  in  wide  streets,  on  which  there  are  a 
number  of  handsome  residences:  First,  Second,  Third  and  Fourth  Streets 
running  east  and  west,  and  Front.  Walnut  and  Cherry  north  and  south.  The 
town  has  many  shad]  trees  and.  situated  as  it  is  upon  the  beautiful  spring  from 
which  it  derives  its  name,  and  with  exceptionally  beautiful  scenery  surround- 
ing it,  promises  to  become,  if  it  is  not  already,  as  beautiful  a  town  as  can  be 
found  in  the  Cumberland  Valley.  It  has  poetoffice,  railroad,  iron  works  and 
forge,  three  churches  (one  Lutheran,  one  Methodist  and  one  Dunkard),  one 
double  and  two  single  schoolhouses,  many  private  dwellings,  and  a  population 
of  about  500. 

The  furnace  which  stands  near  the  spring  came  into  the  possession  of  C. 
W.  and  1).  V.  Ahl,  in  L859,  from  the  assignees  of  Peter  F.  Ege.  It  was  op- 
erated siicco-sfulh  until  L882,  when  a  large  anthracite  furnace  was  erected  by 
( I,  \\  .  Ahl  and  son,  which  is  still  being  operated  under  the  firm  name  of  C.  W. 
Ahl'e  Son.  There  are  ore  banks  near  the  town,  which  were  leased  in  iSoi  to 
the  Pennsylvania  &  Heading  Railroad  Company,  under  the  management  of 
Asbury  Der]  her  banks  in  the  South  Mountains,  which  are   being 

successfully  operated  by  J.  0.  Lehman,  a  citizen  of  Boiling  Springs. 


352  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

BOROUGH  OF  MOUNT  HOLLY  SPRINGS. 

Lyin^  almost  within  the  shadow  of  the  South  Mountains  and  at  the  entrance 
to  the  ga°p  from  which  it  derives  its  name,  is  the  beautiful  borough  o  Mount 
Holly  Springs.  The  town  lies  partly  in  the  mountain  gorge  called  Holly  Gap 
and  partly  in  the  mountains  called  Upper  Holly,  through  which  flows  Mountain 
Creek  Holly  was  the  name  originally  given  to  the  gap  at  a  very  early  period, 
on  account  of  a  large  holly  tree  which  stood  where  Upper  Holly  now  is. 

The  borough  nSow  comprises  what  was  formerly  known  as  "Upper  and 
Lower  Holly.''  "Kidderminster"  and  <  <  Papertown. "  In  the  original  plan  of 
the  town   in  1815,  it  was  also  known  as  South  Middleton. 

It  appears  that  prior  to  the  year  1812  there  were  not  over  one -half  dozen 
houses  between  what  is  now  called  Upper  Holly  and  the  present  paper-mills  of 
William  A.  and  A.  Foster  Mullin.      As  to  who  built  the  first  house  we  have  no 
record   but  it  is  certain  that  the  oldest  house  of  any  importance  erected  within 
the  present  borough  limits  was  the  old  stone  mansion  of  Mrs    Jane  Thompson 
whiKands  "back  in  a  yard  nearly  opposite  the  present  Holly  Inn.  and  which 
was  erected  as  early  as  1812  or  1817.      There  was  also,  at  a  very  early  date, 
an  old  log  tavern-stand  belonging  to  Mrs.  Thompson,  on  the  site  of  the  pres- 
ent Holly  Inn,  which  was  replaced  in  1822  by  a  stone  structure   which  was 
then  an  inn"  and  which  still  stands  as  a  portion  of  the  present  hotel.     Mrs 
Thompson  was  the  mother  of  Elizabeth  Thompson,  who  carried  the  Rev.  Jas^ 
per  Bennett,  who  resided  in  the  old  stone  mansion  above  ™^°*^f>^ 
1857       Two  small  log  schoolhouses  occupied  successively  the  lot  where  Mr 
Simeon  Fisk's  residence  now  stands,  which  was  built  also  for  a  schoolhouse  in 
1855,  and  afterward  used  as  such  until  it  was  purchased  by  him  and  converted 
into  a  residence.      A  small  story-and-a-half  building  stood  near  where  the  late 
Mr    Samuel  Schriver's  house  now  stands,  and  was  purchased  by  him  many 
years  aero.      It  was  then  owned  by  Rev.  Jasper  Bennett,  who  owned  all  the 
[and  within  the  borough,  from  the  present  Holly  Inn  to  where  the  Methodist 
Church  now  stands,  including  that  lot  on  the  east  side  of  Baltimore  Avenue, 
and  most  of  the  land  on  the  west  side.      The  Carlisle  and  Hanover  Turnpike 
was  then  what  is  now  called  Baltimore  Avenue.      A  small  log ;  house  stood  where 
William  A.  Mullin's  house  now  stands,  and  ajf  ^wh/^  AT  Mull  in   were 
is  erected,  and  these,  with  the  old  paper-mill  of  W.  A.  &  A.  F.  Mullin,  were 
the  only  buildings  in  the  place  in  the  year  1812. 

EARLY  SETTLEMENT  AND  INDUSTRIES. 

Tradition  has  it  that  Elizabeth  McKinney,  grandmother  of  Mary  Smith, 
was  the  first  settler  in  Holly  Gap.  Their  house  stood  on  the  present  site  o* 
the  old  stone  house  adjoining  the  residence  occupied  some  years  ago  by  A 
Mansfield  They  moved  out  of  the  fort  at  Shippensburg  which  the  people  had 
erected  to  protect  themselves  against  the  incursions  of  the  French  and  Indians. 
The  building  occupied  by  the  McKinneys  was  a  log  structure  and  was  torn 
down  by  Mr  Foulk  preparatory  to  the  erection  of  the  present  stone  building 
An  early  settlement  of  the  lands  around  Mount  Holly  Springs  was  occa- 
sioned by  reason  of  the  large  deposits  of  iron  ore  which  were  found  ^  *s  ™m- 
£  Furnaces  were  built  there  at  a  very  early  period,  and  he  manidajtnrug 
of  iron  was  for  many  years  the  sole  employment  of  its  inhabitants.  The  first 
tn^ce  of  which  anything  definite  is  known  was ^  built  by  SJ^o^jd 
William  Cox  Jr. ,  about  the  year  1785.  It  was  called  the  Holly  lion  V>  orts,_ 
and  wS  Sited  near  the  present  site  of  the  paper-mill  at  Upper  Hoi  y.  It  is 
quite  probable  that  the  first  iron  works  were  established  at  Mount  Holly  before 


SOUTH    \iii>i>i.i-:t<>\    m\v\sinr. 

a  L765,  and  that  these  earl]  works  were  brequentlj  remodeled  and 
rebuilt  Tradition  Bays  thai  there  was  a  furnace  at  I  pper  Hollj  before  the 
tnmaoe  built  by  Fouli  &  Oox,  bul  nothing  authentic  on  this  anbjeot  can  now 
be  definitely  ascertained  En  the  year  L803  this  rornaoe  of  Foulk  &  Cox  was 
sold  at  sheriff  e  sale,  and  was  purchased  by  Michael  Ege. 

During  the  pear  1812  George  Ege,  a  boh  of  Michael  Ego,  built  a  new 
humane  near  the  Bite  of  the  former  furnace  erected  by  Foulk  &  Cox.  It  was 
known  n^  the   Mount   Boll]  Fnrnaoe,  and  Btood  upon  the  situ  of  the  present 

paper-mills  at  Upper   Holly.      It  is  stated  on  g L  authority  that  prior  to  the 

erection  of  Bony  Furnace,  a  forge  for  the  manufacturing  of  cannon  occupied 
the  furnace  site,  that  a  mill  for  the  boring  of  the  barrels  stood  near  the  toll 
gate  on  the  turnpike,  and  that  the  oldest  cannon  at  present  in  the  United 
States  was  manufactured  at  this  forge.  A  former  historian  Bays:  "The 
lumber  used  in  building  the  Carlisle  Barracks  was  sawed  upon  a  mill  erected 
in  Holly  Gap.  The  parties  were  Englishmen."  .More  probably  they  were 
Hessians,  captured  at  Trenton,  who  built  the  Carlisle  Barracks. 

At  this  time  there  was  very  little  improved  land  between  Mount  Holly  and 
Carlisle.  In  1812  a  paper  mill  was  erected  by  AVilliam  Barber  on  or  near  the 
site  of  the  mill  now  owned  by  the  Mullin  brothers.  It  was  subsequently  owned 
bj  Messrs.  Barber  >v  Samson  Mullin.  the  grandfather  of  the  owners  of  the 
present  mill.  It  afterward  passed  into  the  hands  of  Messrs  Knox  and  McClure, 
and  was  burned  December  25,  1840.      The  present  mill  was  then  erected  in  the 

suc< ding   year    by    William   15.    Mullin,    the   father  of    the   present    owners. 

This  earlier  paper-mill  was  the  first  ever  erected  at  Mount  Holly  Springs. 
Paper-making  now  became  the  chief  industry  of  the  place,  so  that  the  name 
Holly  Iron  Works  was  rarely  applied  to  it,  but  it  everywhere  began  to  be 
known  by  the  name  of  I'apertown. 

About  the  year  1  v-'7  that  portion  of  Mount  Holly  Springs  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  brick  mills  now  owned  by  the  Mount  Holly  Paper  Company,  was  called 
Kidderminster,  from  a  factory  for  the  weaving  of  carpets  there  erected  by 
Samuel  Givin,  near  the  present  site  of  that  paper-mill.  It  was  a  five-story 
brick  building,  and  was  afterward  converted  into  a  mill  for  the  manufacture  of 
paper  by  Robert  and  Samuel  Givin.  for  which  purpose  it  was  used  until  its 
destruction  by  fire  in  1864.  The  present  paper-mill  in  Lower  Holly,  belong- 
ing to  the  Mount  Holly  Paper  Company,  and  which  was  built  near  the  site  of 
the  old  Kidderminster  factory,   was  erected   in   1866. 

The   large  mill    at  Upper   Holly   was   built  by   the    Mount  Holly   Paper 
Compain   at  its  organization   in  1856.      Its  original   incorporators  wen-  Samuel 
Kempton,  of  Baltimore.  William   B.  Mullin,  Sylvester  Megargee,  of  Fhiladel 
phia,  and  Robert  and  Samuel  Givin. 

There  was  another  old  paper-mill  to  the  north  of  the  town,  which  was 
destroyed  bj  fire,  the  ruins  of  which  still  stand. 

The  land  belonging  to  the  Mount  Holly  Paper  Company,  with  many  other 
tracts  sold  to  private  individuals,  belonged  originally  to  Charles  McClure.  who 
took  out  a  patent  in  1772.  Later  the  Eges  owned  much  of  the  mountain  land. 
The  Givins  came  into  their  estate  by  deed  dated  1827,  Mr.  -lames  Givin,  of 

Ireland,  being  the  original  settler  and  grantee.     The  handso residence  of 

Robert  Givin,  which  Btood  in  the  beautiful  grove  northwest  of  the  brick  mill, 
was  consumed  by  fire  in  .March.   1865. 

WAS    OF    THE    REBELLION. 

Mount  Holly  Springs  re-ponded  promptly  to  the  proclamation  of  the  Presi- 
dent for  troops  to  put  down  the  Rebellion,  so  that  many  of  its  citizens  are 


354  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

found  in  the  various  regiments.  On  the  call  for  the  State  troops  in  1862,  one 
company  (Company  G,  Twelfth  Regiment),  under  the  command  of  Capt. 
Charles  H.  Mullin,  was  raised  entirely  from  the  town. 

If,  in  this  connection,  we  may  for  a  moment  drop  the  dignity  of  the  his- 
torian, we  would  like  to  picture  a  panic — one  of  those  little  comedies  in  the 
real  tragedy  of  war,  which  occurred  here  in  this  part  of  the  great  world-stage, 
in  the  first  act,  in  the  year  1861.  The  object  of  history  is  not  only  to  pre- 
serve dry  skeleton  statistics,  but  to  present  to  the  reader  also  panoramic  pic- 
tures of  the  past;  and  whether  they  make  us  laugh  or  cry  does  not  much 
matter,  in  this  world  where  the  two  are  kin,  and  both  are  brief.  Well,  the 
report  reached  here  that  the  Confederate  Army  was  advancing;  that  they  were 
marching  toward  Holly  Gap  from  Hanover  Junction,  that  the  Carlisle  Bar- 
racks was  one  of  their  objective  points,  and  that  they  were  spreading  desola- 
tion without  delay  and  consternation  with  ruthless  hands.  A  company, 
quickly  organized,  under  Capt.  Robert  McCartney,  of  Carlisle,  marched  to 
protect  the  village.  Upon  reaching  the  town  they  took  a  fortified  position  in 
the  Gap,  ready  to  sweep  like  a  besom  of  destruction  upon  the  foe.  To  achieve 
this  mighty  victory  (alas,  the  grandest  scene  of  all  the  war  was  played  within 
their  hearing),  and  to  immortalize  themselves  like  those  sturdy  Spartans  in  a 
pass  of  old,  they  came  with  flint-lock  muskets,  many  minus  locks,  and  others 
armed  with  knives  for  closer  conflict  in  the  mountain  passes.  The  company 
had  come  prepared  to  die  in  the  last  ditch,  and  many  of  the  farmers  joined  to 
show  "the  mettle  of  their  pasture;"  but  after  holding  peaceable  possession  of 
the  Gap,  they  finally  concluded  that  the  reports  which  had  disturbed  them 
were  untrue,  and  when  the  first  rays  of  the  morning  sun  had  dispelled  both 
the  mists  of  the  mountain  and  the  fears  of  invasion,  they  departed,  some  of 
them,  we  have  no  doubt,  reluctantly,  to  their  homes,  where  some  remained,  hav- 
ing no  doubt  become  unfitted  to  perform  further  military  duty  on  account  of 
disease  contracted  at  the  bloodless  battle  of  Mount  Holly  Gap. 

The  signs  of  the  severer  conflict  were  to  follow.  In  1863  Gen.  EwelFs 
corps  passed  through  the  town  on  their  way  to  Gettysburg  to  reinforce  Gen. 
Lee.  Fitzhugh  Lee's  cavalry  also  passed  through  the  town.  Many  of  the 
Pennsylvania  and  New  York  militia  marched  through  the  streets  on  their  way 
to  Gettysburg.  Taking  the  Confederate  and  Union  soldiers  together,  not  less 
than  40,000  men  passed  through  Mount  Holly  Springs  during  the  months  of 
June  and  July,  1863. 

INCORPORATION,     ETC. 

Mount  Holly  Springs  was  incorporated  as  a  borough  in  1873.  It  is  a 
beautiful,  clean  town,  with  one  long  principal  macadamized  street,  on  which 
are  a  number  of  handsome  residences.  The  place  is  not  only  noted  for  the 
manufacture  of  fine  paper,  but  is  an  old  and  established  summer  resort,  dating 
from  a  very  early  period.  Its  situation  is  delightful ;  protected  by  the  moun- 
tains, cool  in  summer,  particularly  in  summer  evenings,  it  lies  amid  scenery 
which  might  afford  an  inspiration  to  an  artist.  The  Mountain  Creek,  flowing 
rapidly  down  through  the  long  gorge  from  its  high  recesses,  here  rests  in  wider 
crystal  sheets,  "  where  the  green  mountains  bending  hang  their  heads,"  and 
are  reflected  as  in  a  mirror.  These  sheets,  particularly  the  Upper  Holly  Dam, 
afford  both  boating  and  piscatorial  sport,  as  well  as  ample  motive  power  for  the 
mills.  From  Upper  Holly  the  stream  runs  in  a  deep  bed  beside  the  turnpike, 
and  under  the  shade  of  many  trees,  and  with  the  mountains  on  either  hand. 
There  are  few  more  beautiful  places  in  Pennsylvania;  and  it  will,  on  account 
of  its  situation  and  scenery,  its  pure  mountain  air  and  summer  climate,  con- 
tinue to  attract  the  weary  who  are  longing  for  recreation  or  rest,  and  the  lover 
of  nature  who  seeks  to  live  where  she  lavishes  her  beauties. 


ill    UIDDLETON   TOWNSHIP. 

Tho  borough  lies  almosi  due  north  and  Bouth,  and  the  longer  streets,  \\  al- 
not,  Chestnut,  and  Baltimore  Avenue,  run  almost  parallel  with  the  creek,  in 
this  direction     Th<  inning  east  and  weal  are   Butler,  Pine,  Barman 

and  Railroad  The  principal  streel  is  Baltimore  Lvenue,  which  consists  of  all 
that  portion  of  the  turnpike  road  embraced  within  the  borough  limits.  It  is  a 
wide,  level  street,  a  mile  or  more  in  length,  sixty  [eel  in  width,  beautifully 
macadamized  with  fine  gravel  taken  from  the  mountains,  With  the  exception 
of  our  large  cities,  there  can  be  found  no  liner  street  in  the  State. 

Mount  Boll;  Springs  lies  twentj  miles  southwest  from  Barrisburg,  the 
capital  of  the  State,  and  si\  miles  south  of  Carlisle,  the  count]  scat.     It  is 

connected  with  Carlisle  and   Barrisburg  bj    two  railroads.      \  dailj    lii I 

stages  run-  to  York  Sulphur  Springs,  Carlisle,  and  other  points,  so  that  its 
mail  facilities  are  equal  to  those  of  any  like  inland  town  elsewhere.  It  if  now 
a  thriving  and  prosperous  town,  and  bids  fair  to  become  a  still  more  beautiful 
and  important  one  in  the  future.  The  various  paper  mills  a  (Void  rout  inual  em- 
ployment to  hundred-  of  operatives,  who.  in  their  turn,  contribute  to  the  de- 
velopment of  it-  resources. 

OHUBOHEB,     SCHOOLS     \\n    NEWSPAPER. 

The  churches  of  the  borough  are  the  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church,  on  Bal- 
timore Avenue,  and  the  Methodisi  Episcopal  Church,  a  commodious  structure, 
erected  in  1860,  also  on  Baltimore  Lvenue,  T 1 1  ere  are  five  schools — four  white 
and  one  colored  in  the  borough.  Tho  press  is  represented  by  the  Mountain 
Echo,  a  weekly  paper,  established  In    R.  Melvin  Early  in  1872. 

HOTEL8. 

The  hotels  in  the  borough  for  the  accommodation  of  the  public  will  compare 
favorably  with  those  of  larger  towns  and  cities,  and  of  these  the  "  Central  "  and 
the  "Holly  Inn."  which  was  for  many  years  known  as  the  "Mullin  Hotel," 
but  which  has  been  remodeled  and  refitted,  and  is  now  under  the  charge  of  a 
Btock  company,  are  particularly  worthy  of  mention. 

SOCIETIES. 

Holly  Qap  Lodge,  No.  277,  K.  of  P.,  was  organized  December  8,  1870.  with 
the  following  named  charter  meinl.ei-:  S.  !'.  Goodyear.  J.  L.  Wolf.  Samuel  G. 
Givin,  T.  J.  Wolf.  Jacob  Bemminger,  V.  L.  (ioodyear,  M.  S.  Goodyear, 
Chas.  H.  Mullin.  J.  L.  McAllister.  Number  of  present  members,  seventy  live. 
Present  officers:  Dr.  R.  B.  Pollinger,  V.  C. ;  James  A.  Stees.  P.;  Lincoln 
Vinck,  M.  A.  :  S.  1'.  Goodyear,  K.  of  R.  and  S. ;  G.  R.  Klopp,  M.  of  F. ; 
Thonia-  Bayoock,  M.  of  E. ;  Thomas  Wolf.  P.  C. 

Mount  Holly  Lodge,  No.  o'.'iO.  /.  <>.  O.  !•'..  was  organized  November  I  1 ,  |Nf>S, 
with  the  following  charter  members:  John  Humes,  N.  G. ;  Chas.  H.  Miller, 
V.  G. ;  .lame-  L.  McAllister,  See.;  Henry  Mullin,  Asst.  Sec;  .lacob  Hem 
minger,  Treas.  Present  officers  are  A.  Simpson,  N.  G. ;  John  A.  Rosier.  V. 
G. ;  S.  P.  Goodyear,  Sec.;  Edward  C.  Reach,  Asst.  Sec;  Thomas  Wolf, 
Treaa 

■Jo  Post,  No.  (90,  O.  A.  /.'..  was  organized  in  August.  1885,  with  the 
following  named  charter  members:  Alexander  Adams,  W.  H.  Rrinn,  Jos.  S. 
Early.  N.  J.  Glass,  John  Goodvear.  Ceo.  W.  Kinter,  John  Cauffman,  Jacob 
Hoffert,  Wm.  H.  Hat/.  A  Nbffsinger,  J.  E.  Mondorf,  D.  \.  Nagle,  A.  T.  Rich- 
wine,  W.  11  Bicker,  Qeo.  Slusser,  Milton  Still,  S.  J  Sadler,  Philip  Snyder, 
i  Snyder.  Eli  Toner,  Silas  Toner,  Benry  Wallet,  John  Ward,  Moses  Wag- 

ner, Benj.  F.  Wallet.   Philip  Harman.  Augustus   McGonigal.      Present  number 


356  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

of  members,  sixty-one.  Present  officers:  Eev.  J.  Wise  Shannon,  C. ;  Augustus 
Miller,  S.  V.  C. ;  Samuel  Sadler,  J.  V.  C. ;  Daniel  Wallet,  O.  D. ;  Milton 
Still,  O.  G. ;  P.  Herman,  Q.  M. ;  James  Snyder,  Q.  M.  S. ;  Wm.  Goodyear, 
Adjt. ;  Benj.  Wallack,  S.  M. ;  John  Ward,  Chaplain. 

There  are  also  Patriotic  Sons  of  America,  Washington  Camp,  No.  181,  a 
Building  and  Loan  Association,  a  Literary  Society,  a  Cornet  Band,  etc. 


CHAPTER  XXXVI. 

UPPER  ALLEN  TOWNSHIP. 

ALLEN  TOWNSHIP  was  formed  from  East  Pennsborough  in  1766.  It 
then  embraced  what  is  now  Monroe,  Upper  and  Lower  Allen  Townships. 
Monroe  was  taken  from  Allen  first  in  1825,  and  in  1850  the  remainder  was  di- 
vided into  Upper  and  Lower  Allen. 

Upper  Allen  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  portions  of  Silver  Spring  and 
Hampden;  on  the  east  by  Lower  Allen;  on  the  south,  where  the  Yellow 
Breeches  Creek  is  the  dividing  line,  by  York  County ;  and  on  the  west  by  Mon- 
roe Township. 

EAHLY  SETTLERS,  MILLS,  MINES,  ETC. 

The  earliest  settlers  were  Scotch-Irish,  principally  from  Lancaster  County, 
of  which  this,  then,  was  the  frontier,  although  the  Germans  began  to  come  in- 
to this  lower  portion  of  the  county  about  1760. 

Among  the  earlier  Scotch-Irish  who  settled  here  before  the  year  1762  were 
the  Quigleys,  Dunlaps,  Bosebarys,  Brysons,  Trindles,  McCues,  Gregorys,  and 
others. 

The  names  of  other  early  settlers  were  the  Hunters,  Musselmans,  Switzers, 
Taylors,  Harknesses,  Brysons,  Longneckers,  Brenizers,  Mohlers,  Shelleys, 
Bitners,  Rupps,  Hecks,  the  Gorgas  family,  Cochrans,  Coovers,  Beelmans, 
Eberlys,  the  Eckels  family,  Browns,  Myers,  Lambs,  and  others. 

The  Pattersons  were  an  old  family,  and  lived  on  land  since  owned  by  Moses 
C.  Eberly.  The  Grahams  settled  where  James  Graham  owns;  the  Wertzes  on 
the  farm  since  owned  by  Milton  Stayman;  the  Dunlaps  on  land  since  owned  by 
Mrs.  Coover,  on  the  Lisburn  road;  and  the  Coovers,  originally  from  Switzer- 
land, on  a  place  in  the  possession  of  their  descendants.  The  Mohlers,  Daniel 
and  his  uncle,  Christian  Mohler,  purchased  their  land  in  Cumberland  County 
in  1800. 

The  Cocklin  farm,  known  as  "Spring  Dale,"  was  purchased  from  the 
Penns  in  1742  by  Andrew  Miller,  who  sold  it  in  1772  to  Jacob  Cocklin,  who 
came  in  1733  from  the  western  part  of  Germany,  and  settled  first  in  Lancas- 
ter, but  afterward  in  Cumberland  County.  The  Yellow  Breeches  Creek  forms 
the  southern  boundary  of  the  two  Allen  Townships.  The  first  mill,  it  is  said, 
was  built  of  logs,  and  was  owned  by  Richard  Peters  until  1746.  It  was  torn 
down,  and  other  mills  (the  last  now  owned,  or  lately  owned,  by  Levi  Lautz) 
have  been  successively  erected  upon  its  site.  The  farm  on  which  this  mill  is 
located,  295  acres,  including  the  mill,  was  once  purchased  by  John  Anderson 
from  Richard  Peters  for  £50.  The  Quigleys  located  close  to  what  is  now  Bow- 
mansdale  and  built  a  mill  there,  which  was  known  as  Quigley's  mill.      This 


I  PPKR    ai.I.kn   rOWNSHIP. 


857 


WIls  owned  by  Henry  Quigley  before  L818.     The  Bryson  estate  same  in  on  the 
east   and  on  the  weal  the  Niealeys,  who  ako  ereoted  a  null,  now  known  as 
Herteler'e  mill.     About  a  mile  and  a  half  cast  of  the  Quigleya  was  the  Swit 
Mrs   and  thej  alsoowneda  mill  on  the  Bite  of  what  is  aow  Ghngnoi  i  null. 
The  present  one  was  ereoted  in  L837.     Tins  mill  (also  known  as     oderwood    > 

was  purchased  from  Richard  Petera,   between    17  m  and   1 bj    Frederic* 

Switiei   who  joined  the  army,  and  was  absent  during  the  Revolutionary  war, 
and  bequeathed  U  to  hie  Bon,  from  whom  it  has  passed  through  various  I 

Three  prominent  families  which  oame  into  this  Beotion  at  a  verj  early  pe- 
riod were  the  Grahams,  the  Harknesses,  and  the  Browns.     Tim  two  latter  os 
Bached  almost   from  Mechauiesburg  to  the  Yellow   15reeel.es  Creek.       the 
aa  estate  lay  east  of  the  Ear] jea,  and  the  Browns  south. 

Of  this  Harkness  family,  as  we  have  material  from  a  Bketch  of  one  of  the 
Lamberton  family,  and  aa  it   contains   points  of  general  interest,  we  will  here 

Drive  an    account.  .      „     ,,       ,   T     i       i  j 

William  llarki.es,  was  horn  October  1.  1739,  in  the  North  of  Ireland,  and 
when  quite  a  boy  immigrated  with  his  father.  William  Harkness,  Br.,  and 
aettled  among  the  Presbyterians  of  Donegal,  in  Lancaster.  He  mamed,  in 
1771  Prisoffla  Lytle,  of"  the  same  Scotch -Irish  stock,  and  living  in  the  same 
settlement.  After  the  close  of  the  harassing  Indian  wars  (by  the  treats  of 
Col.  Bouquet)  which  ravaged  the  Cumberland  Valley  until  1  764 ,V  llliam  HaxJj 
ness,  Jr.?  bought  of  the  proprietaries,  on  august  1.  1768,  laud  now  in  Allen 
Township.  The  Indian  titles  having  been  extinguished,  and  the  boundary 
difficulties  with  Maryland  adjusted,  the  proprietary  advertised  that  the  oihee 
for  the  sale  of  lands  west  of  the  Susquehanna  would  be  opened  on  August  1, 
1766  the  settlers  prior  to  that  holding  their  lauds  under  license  certificates. 
Judge  Hustou  savs  the  number  of  applications  issued  on  that  day  was  ( ,i,.). 
The  application  of  William  Harkness  was  number  thirty-eight.  The  survey 
was  on  January  24,  ]  .117.  and  patent  issued  subsequently. 

r  to  this  he  and  his  neighboring  settlers  were  often  engaged  in  defend- 
ing their  homes  against  a  savage  enemy,  and  in  the  work  of  the  harvest-fields 
there,  and  in  the  Sherman's  Valley,  carried  their  rifles  with  them  They  were 
armed  agriculturists.  The  name  of  William  Harkness  is  found  on  the  list  of 
taxable*  of  Cumberland  County  as  early  as  1753.  Later,  in  1  -  [6,  he  entered 
the  colonial  service  as  an  ensign,  and  together  with  Mr.  Lytle,  his  brother  in- 
law, was  amongst  the  conflicts  at  Brandywine  and  Germantown.  Attn.  Lattffl 
place  Mr.   Lytle  was  killed  by  his  side. 

After  the  war  Mr.  Harkness,  by  purchase,  added  to  his  property  until  he 
possessed  a  large  estate  of  some  700  or  Son  acres.  On  it  he  erected  a  large 
stone  dwelling  house,  among  the  first  of  that  kind  in  the  valley,  and  other 
buildings,  and  devoted  himself  to  agriculture  and  other  business  pursuits. 
His  house  was  famous  for  its   hospitality.  _ 

At  this  time  there  was  ahwerj  in  Pennsylvania.     In  the  registry'  of  the  last 
297  alavee  registered  under  the  requirements  of  an  act  to  explain  and  amend 
a  former  "Act  for  the  gradual  abolition  of   slavery,  etc.,  in  Pennsylvania, 
paa9ed  the    I  a,    17m..  among   the  record-  of    Cumberland  <  lountj  we 

find  the  well  known  names  of  Armstrong,  Buchanan,  Butler.  Carothers,  <  raw- 
ford.  Clarke.  Craighead,  Brvson,  Duncan.  Blaine,  Dunlap,  Irvine,  Galb 
Gibson  and  other,,  and  that  William  Harkness  returns  those  born  on  his  estate. 
Some  who  desired  it  he  afterward  manumitted  at  the  age  of  twenty-one,  seven 
years  before  the  time  fixed  by  law.  having  previously  aeni  them  to  school  and 
in  other  ways  given  them  preparation  for  self-dependence.  <  rtiiers  lived  long 
afterward  od  hi-  8  children  of  some  until  the  death  of  his  son,   \\  01- 

iam  Harkness,  in  1S-M.  • 


358  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

William  Harkness  died  May  4,  1822;  Priscilla,  his  wife,  October  31,  1831. 
Both  are  buried  in  the  old  grave-yard  at  Silver  Spring.  Their  daughter,  Mary, 
became  the  wife  of  Major  Robert  Lamberton,  of  Carlisle. 

Another  family,  the  McCues,  dating  back  of  1762,  lived  a  short  distance 
south  of  the  Graham  estate,  and  between  them  lay  the  large  estate  of  the 
Poormans.  Another  family  who  were  large  land-owners  were  the  Gregorys — 
also  dating  beyond  1762,  and  the  last  of  whom  (so  far  as  we  know),  Walter 
Gregory,  was  buried  in  the  Silver  Spring  grave-yard  in  1730.  They  owned  the 
estate  part  of  which  is  now  owned  by  Harry  McCormick,  where  the  bridge 
crosses  the  Yellow  Breeches  Creek,  on  the  line  of  the  State  road  leading  from 
Harrisburg  to  Gettysburg.  One  Rosebary  (probably  Robert  Rosebary)  mar- 
ried one  of  the  daughters,  and  built  a  mill,  which  for  more  than  a  century  has 
been  known  as  Roseberry'  s  Mill.  The  bridge  at  that  point  was  also  known  as 
Roseberry'  s  Bridge.  Another  family  who  owned  large  landed  estate  was  the 
Myers  family,  on  the  Trindle  Spring,  just  above  Mechanicsburg.  Here,  also, 
were  the  Trindles  and  the  Lambs.  The  Trindles  lived  at  Trindle  Spring  and, 
adjoining  them  on  the  southwest,  the  Lambs.  Samuel  Eckels  settled  in  the 
township  about  1809.  He  erected  a  house  not  far  from  what  is  known  as 
Winding  Hill,  near  the  Mennonite  Church,  on  the  State  road. 

Besides  the  mills  which  we  have  incidently  mentioned  there  were  a  number 
of  carding  and  fulling-mills,  a  number  of  which  are  still  in  existence,  and  the 
business  of  raising  wool  was  once  an  extensive  industry  in  the  Allen  Town- 


The  oldest  buildings,  according  to  an  account  given  by  Henry  S.  Mohler, 
are  a  log  house  and  barn  on  the  farm  belonging  to  the  Garrett  heirs.  They 
are  supposed  to  be  more  than  a  hundred  and  thirty  years  old.  On  this  farm, 
nearly  sixty  years  ago,  there  were  over  200  cherry  trees,  under  which,  in  the 
season,  used  to  be  celebrated  what  was  called  "  cherry  fairs, "  when  "cherry 
bounce  ' '  circulated  freely,  and  when  the  owner  derived  more  profit  from  the 
sale  of  his  fruit  than  from  his  crops  of  grain.  The  first  stone  house  in  the 
township  was  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  H.  G.  Mosser,  but  it  has  since  been 
replaced  by  a  more  imposing  brick  structure.  The  first  stone  house  which  is 
still  in  existence,  was  built  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  Joseph  Bosler,  near  the 
close  of  the  Revolutionary  war.  Another  was  built  in  1790  on  the  farm  of 
H.  M.  Cocklin.  The  first  stone  barn  was  built  in  1801,  on  J.  W.  Byer's  farm, 
and  the  first  of  brick  was  in  1812,  on  the  farm  of  Jacob  Gehr,  near  Lisburn, 
but  was  destroyed  by  lightning  in  1837. 

Nearly  half  a  century  ago,  a  mine  of  hematite  ore  was  discovered  in  "Upper 
Allen  Township,  a  short  distance  west  of  Shepherdstown,  from  which  several 
thousand  tons  were  taken,  about  1848,  for  the  ironworks  at  Boiling  Springs  and 
for  the  Dauphin  Furnace.  Boulders  containing  iron  ore  have  been  found  in 
other  portions  of  the  township.  Rich  deposits  of  magnetic  ore  were  discov- 
ered in  1853,  on  several  farms  on  the  "Yellow  Breeches  Creek  south  of  Shep- 
herdstown, while  men  were  digging  the  foundation  for  a  barn.  There  is  little 
doubt  that  there  are  a  number  of  places  where  iron  ore  can  be  found,  and  that 
they  will  be  worked  in  the  futivre,  if  the  time  arrives  when  it  will  prove  remun- 
erative. There  is  also  much  lime  burned  in  Upper  Allen,  sometimes  as  many 
as  fifty  kilns  being  kept  in  constant  operation. 

The  distilling  of  whisky  was  also,  at  one  time,  a  prominent  industry.  When 
the  railroads  and  canals  were  unknown  most  farmers  converted  their  grain  into 
this  form,  in  order  +hat  it  might  be  conveyed  to  market  at  the  least  possible 
expense.  At  this  time  such  goods  were  sent  to  the  large  cities  by  means  of  the 
great  Conestoga  wagons,  which  traveled  often  in  company  and  took  a  week  or 


1  ITI.K     Al.LLEN    TOWNSHIP. 


359 


more  !••  make  their  trip     At  oighl  the  drivers  would  stop  to  real  and  build  their 

oamp  fix ,  the  road.      Now  that  the  reason  hiis  ceased,  there  is  no  distillery 

in  operation  in  the  township,  although  the  remains  of  former  ones  can  be  seen 
at  several  plaoea 

VILLAGES. 

Of  the  Tillages  in  the  township  the  firs!  was  known  as  Stumpstown,  but  it 
never  had  more  than  six  bouses,  and,  in  L810,  a  store,  which  has  been  aband- 
oned 

Shephfirdstoum,  near  the  center  of  the  township,  is  a  post  village  of  about 
175  inhabitants,  three  miles  south  of  Mechanicsburg,  on  the  State  road.  It 
was  exiled  after  William  Shepherd. 

Kohteratoum. — In  1861  a  small  cluster  of  houses  was  built  on  the  State 
road,  half  a  mile  from  Iffechaniosburg,  which  was  called  "  Kohlerstown, "  af- 
ter the  family  bj  whom  it  was  originally  settled. 

Bowmcmsdole  is  another  small  village  in  the  southern  portion  of  the  town- 
ship, called  after  Jacob  Bowman,  a  former  sheriff  of  Cumberland  County,  and 
the  principal  proprietor. 

CHURCHES,     BURIAL    PLACES,     ETC. 

The  oldest  church  in  the  township,  known  as  the  "  Western  Union  Church," 
on  the  Lisburn  road,  was  erected  in  1835,  but  the  grave-yard  connected  with 
it  has  been  used  as  a  place  of  interment  for  more  than  a  hundred  years.  An- 
other Union  Church  was  built  at  the  eastern  end  of  Shopherdstown  in  1844, 
which  was  also  used  for  school  purposes.  Tho  Reformed  Mennonites  have  a 
church,  erected  in  L851,  on  Winding  Hill,  so  called  because  of  the  road  which 
winds  around  it.  Neurit  are  the  waterworks  which  supply  Mechanicsburg. 
Tho  "Mohler  Meeting-House"  is  a  large  structure  built  by  the  German  Bap- 
tists in  1861.  On  the  farm  of  John  Dunlap  is  a  grove  which  has  long  been 
used  for  Methodist  camp-meeting  purposes,  from  1820  until  1862,  and  twenty 
acres  of  which  grove,  at  his  death,  were  bequeathed  to  them  for  such  purposes 
forever.  The  grounds  are  elevated,  sloping  toward  the  east.  Of  the  grave- 
yards besides  the  one  which  we  have  mentioned,  the  oldest  is  on  the  farm  of 
Henry  Yost,  and  there  lifferent  points,  three  private  ones,  for  the  Zug, 

Lautz  and  Mohler  families.  The  Chestnut  HOI  Cemetery,  on  a  beautiful 
rounded  elevation  in  this  township,  for  the  use  of  the  people  of  Mechanics- 
burg and  vieinitv.  is  under  the  control  of  an  association  which  was  incorpo- 
rated in  1852. 

SCHOOLS. 

The  first  schools  of  which  we  have  any  knowledge  were  taught  in  private 
houses.  The  tir^t  building  erected  for  school  purposes  was  built  at  a  date 
unknown,  but  before  1800,  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  David  Coover.  It  was 
of  logs,  covered  with  thatched  straw,  with  slabs  or  three-legged  stools  forseats, 
and  no  desk,  Bave  for  the  teacher.  In  1805  another  was  built  upon  the  same 
farm:  in  1809,  another  on  the  farm  of  John  Beelman,  near  Shepherdstown; 
and  two  years  later,  another  on  the  farm  of  the  late  Judge  Moser.  These  were 
the  earliest  schools  of  which  we  have  any  record. 

For  the  following  recollections  of  his  school  boj  days  we  are  indebted  to 
William  Eckels,  of  Mechanicsburg,  who  was  born  in  Upper  Allen  Township. 
It  throws  a  gleam  of  light  upon  the  primitive  methods  of  education  which  were 
in  rogue  at  the  beginning  of  the  century.  "Of  the  places  remembered  most 
distinctly,"  Bays  he,  "beyond  the  home  domicile,  are  the  two  schoolhousei 
uated  about  equal   distance  from  the  place  of  my  birth  and  childhood  days. 


360  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

These  structures  were  known  as  Bryson's  and  Taylor's  schoolhouses.  The 
former  stood  in  a  large  piece  of  woodland,  not  far  from  the  new  barn  recently 
erected  by  William  M.  Watts  on  the  north  side  of  his  farm.  It  was  a  rude 
structure  in  every  way,  being  lighted  only  by  windows  inserted  between  the 
logs  on  each  side,  ten  inches  high.  But,  with  all  its  apparent  discomforts,  it 
served  the  double  purpose  of  a  place  for  preaching  and  school  for  many  years, 
until  accidentally  burned  down  about  fifty  years  ago. 

' '  The  other  schoolhouse  stood  on  the  Taylor  farm,  now  owned  by  Judge 
Moser,  and  is  still  standing  and  is  used  as  a  place  of  shelter  for  farming  imple- 
ments. This  house  was  considered  quite  modern  in  its  day,  with  its'  pyramid 
roof  and  its  two  square  windows  in  front,  with  twelve  lights,  8x10.  Its  pres- 
ent dilapidated  condition  is  a  sad  and  forcible  reminder  of  the  flight  of  time  to 
those  who,  long  years  ago,  came  there  to  enjoy  the  benefits  of  the  rude  system 
of  education  which  then  prevailed  in  the  county,  and  who  often  made  the  sur- 
rounding forest  ring  with  the  boisterous  play  and  the  merry  laugh  of  child- 
hood. Like  the  former,  this,  too,  was  a  place  for  preaching,  as  well  as  for 
"school;"  and  of  the  ministers  whom  my  earliest  recollection  recalls  as  being 
at  the  former  place,  was  the  eccentric  Lorenzo  Dow  and  the  grave  old  Scotch- 
man, Dr.  Pringle,  who  was  pastor  of  the  Seceder  Church,  of  Carlisle.  Many 
quaint  stories  were  related  of  Lorenzo  Dow,  which  interested  children  and 
kept  him  in  their  memory  at  an  early  age.  Dr.  Pringle  was  noted  mainly  for 
the  gravity  of  his  manner  of  conducting  the  services  of  the  house  of  worship, 
and  his  severe  dignity  at  all  times.  Perhaps  no  two  men  were  more  unlike, 
in  the  same  calling,  than  were  Dow  and  Pringle."  To  such  worthies  (whose 
names,  to  the  older  inhabitants,  are  still  "household  words")  these  school  boys, 
at  the'  beginning  of  the  present  century,  listened;  characters  whose  severe 
earnestness  and  sinew — grit — made  amends  for  culture,  and  was  more  fitting 
for  the  comparative  wilderness  in  which  they  worked. 

There  are  at  present  nine  school  buildings  in  the  township,  of  which  eight 
are  of  brick  or  stone,  and  all  more  or  less  fitted,  according  to  our  modern  ideas, 
for  their  purpose. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

The  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad  runs  across  the  northern  border  of  the 
township.      The  postoffices  are  Shepherdstown  and  Bowmansdale. 


CHAPTER  XXXVII. 

WEST  PENNSBOROUGH   TOWNSHIP. 

PENNSBOROUGH  was  one  of  the  two  original  townships  which  were  formed 
in  the  North  Valley  as  early  as  1735.  This  was  fifteen  years  before  the  for- 
mation of  the  county.  For  some  few  years  after  it  was  divided,  for  purposes 
of  convenience,  in  the  early  tax-lists,  into  north,  south,  east  and  west  parts  of 
Pennsborough,  until,  in  1745,  it  seems  to  have  been  definitely  divided  into  East 
and  West.  t 

In  the  years  which  have  intervened  since  its  formation,  West  Pennsborough 
has  been  gradually  reduced  to  its  present  limits.  It  first  lost  Newton,  on  the 
west,  in  1767;  then  Dickinson,  which  included  Penn,  on  the  south,  in  1785; 
and  Frankford,  on  the  north,  ten  years  later. 


WEST  PBNNSBORO0GH   TOWNSHIP.  361 

FIRST  SETTLEMENTS,    ETC. 

The  names  of  the  earliest  settlers  found  on  land  warrants  between  the 
years  1743  ami  L786,  indicate  that  they  were  all  of  Irish  or  Scotch-Irish  de 
soenl  Such  are  the  names  of  Atcheson,  McFarlane,  Dunbar.  McAllister, 
Dunnin"  Ross,  Mitchell,  Davidson.  M'Keehan,  and  others.  Not  a  single 
unname  can  be  found  until  about  1790,  when  the  German  Mennonites 
began  to  move  into  Cumberland  from  Lancaster  and  Lebanon  Counties.  Some 
of  "these,  as  the  Dillers  and  the  Bears,  not  only  purchased  large  tracts  of  land, 
but  erected  substantial  stone  dwelling  houses  and  barns  upon  them,  and  began 
to  improve  their  farms  in  such  a  manner  as  made  them  a  worthy  object  oi  imi- 
tation to  the  earlier  settlers.  Some  few  of  the  Hessians  captured  by  \\  ash 
inoton  at  Trenton  in  1777  settled  in  this  township,  and  were  represented  by 
such  names  as  Washmond,  whose  descendants  lived  until  18-40,  or  later,  on  the 
farm  now  owned  by  Levi  Clay,  and  the  Rhiues,  who  owned  the  property  now 
belonging  to  William  Kerr. 

The  earliest  settlers  here,  as  in  other  portions  of  the  county,  seem  to  have 
preferred  the  land  upon  the  springs  or  along  the  streams  in  the  various  por- 
tions of  the  township.  The  lands,  therefore,  which  lay  upon  the  Big  Spring  on 
the  west,  the  Conodoguinet  on  the  north,  the  Mount  Rock  Spring  on  the  south, 
or  McAllister's  Run,  seem  to  be  those  which  were  first  settled  by  the  early  pio- 

flAflTfi 

"The  earliest  settlement,"  says  Hon.  Peter  Ritner,  "was  made  by  a  fam- 
ily named  Atcheson  at  a  place  now  owned  by  J.  A.  Laughlin,  a  descendant  of 
the  original  settler,  and  at  the  'Old  Fort,'  on  land  now  in  the  possession  of 
William  Lehman,  formerly  of  Abram  Diller.  This  fort  was  built  at  an  early 
day  (perhaps  1733)  to  be  a  refuge  from  the  Indians."  It  probably  antedated 
the  final  purchase  of  Penn,  for  it  was  spoken  of  as  "  the  Old  Fort"  in  the  or- 
iginal warrant  for  the  200  acres  upon  which  it  stood,  which  was  taken  out  by 
James  McFarlane  in  1743.  "One  of  the  grandparents  of  the  present  genera- 
tion of  the  Laughlin  family  was  born  in  this  fort.  Abram  Diller  built  an  ad- 
dition of  stone  to  the  original  structure,  covered  the  log  portion  with  weather- 
boards, and  occupied  the  whole  as  a  dwelling  house.  In  1856  the  entire  build- 
ing was  accidentally  burned.  Adjoining  the  original  tract  on  the  eastward 
was  another  containing  400  acres,  which  was  also  taken  up  in  1743  by  James 
McFarlane.  and  has  since  been  known  as  the  "New  Farm."  Both  tracts  were 
sold  by  him,  in  1790,  to  Abram  and  Peter  Diller,  whose  descendants  are  still  in 
possession  of  a  portion  of  the  New  Farm.  None  of  the  houses  built  by  the  orig- 
inal settlers  are  now  standing,  the  log  cabins  of  the  Atchesons  and  Laughlms 
having  long  since  given  place  to  substantial  stone  dwellings." 

The  farm  near  Mount  Rock  which  was  purchased  by  ex-Gov.  Ritner,  and 
which  is  now  the  residence  of  his  son,  Peter  Ritner,  is  on  a  tract  for  which  a  war- 
rant was  taken  out  in  1732.  John  Davidson  had  land  patented  on  Mount  Rock 
Spring  as  earlv  as  L745,  and  the  name  of  McKeehan  is  found  as  early  as  1751. 
A  place  Beveral  miles  east  of  Mount  Rock,  on  the  turnpike,  belonging  to  J.  Z. 
Paul,  was  settled  by  John  Rhoads  July  22,  1762. 

The  settlement  commenced  by  James  Chambers,  whose  residence  was  about 
three  mil.  I  <  >f  Xewville,  was  one  of  the  most  thickly  populated  in  the 

valley.  It  was  be  earl]  as  L738  able  to  form  a  religious  congregation  and  to 
call  a  pastor  the  eloquent  and  celebrated  Thomas  Craighead.  In  each  direc- 
tion from  the  Big  Spring  the  land  was  almost  or  entirely  taken  up  before  1750, 
so  that,  says  Dr"wing,  the  people  there  presented  strong  claims  to  the  county 
seat.  Among  the  earliest  of  these  settlers  was  David  Ralston,  on  the  road 
westward  from  the  spring:  Robert  Patterson,   on  the  Walnut  Bottom  road; 


362  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

James  McKeehan,  who  came  from  Lancaster  County,  for  many  years  an  elder 
in  the  church  of  Big  Spring ;  John  Carson,  who  lived  on  the  property  of  Judge 
Montgomery;  John  Erwin,  Richard  Fulton,  Samuel  McCullough  and  Samuel 
Boyd.  In  the  "reminiscences"  of  Rev.  Dr.  Junkin,  first  president  of  Lafay- 
ette College,  whose  father,  Joseph  Junkin,  was  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  in 
Silver  Spring  Township,  we  find  the  following:  "In  the  summer  of  1799,  my 
father  lived  on  a  farm,  which  he  owned,  two  miles  east  of  Newville,  having 
removed  to  it  for  the  purpose  of  making  improvements,  having  meanwhile 
leased  the  homestead  at  New  Kingston.  That  summer  I  went  to  school  to  Will- 
iam McKean  in  a  log  schoolhouse,  near  to  one  Myers'  house,  a  tenant  of  Mr. 
Leipers.  Joseph  Ritner  was  then  Myers'  hired  boy.  I  saw  him  many  years 
afterward  in  Harrisburg,when  he  was  Governor  of  Pennsylvania.  My  parents 
belonged  to  the  Associated  Reformed  Church  at  Newville,  of  which,  at  that  time, 
the  Rev.  James  McConnel,  a  '  United  Irishman, '  was  pastor."  Joseph  Ritner, 
the  eighth  and  last  Governor  under  the  Constitution  of  1790,  was  born  in  Berks 
County  March  25,  1780.  He  was  the  son  of  John  Ritner,  who  emigrated  from 
Alsace  on  the  Rhine.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  came  to  Cumberland  County, 
and  was,  for  a  time,  a  hired  hand  on  the  farm  of  Jacob  Myers,  which  lay  on 
the  road  leading  to  Mount  Rock,  one  mile  east  of  Newville.  In  the  year  1800 
he  married  Susannah  Alter,  of  West  Pennsborough  Township.  He  then 
removed  to  Washington  County,  from  which,  in  1820,  he  was  elected  to  the 
House  of  Representatives,  and  served  sis  consecutive  terms.  In  1824  he  was 
elected  speaker  of  that  body,  and  was  re-elected  the  following  year.  In  1835 
he  was  elected  Governor  of  Pennsylvania.  On  the  expiration  of  his  term  he 
purchased  the  farm  now  owned  by  his  son,  Peter  Ritner,  on  Mount  Rock 
Spring,  where  he  resided  until  his  death  in  October,  1869.  Gov.  Ritner  was 
a  great  friend  of  the  common  school  system,  and  his  bold  and  unhesitating 
condemnation  of  slavery  brought  forth,  in  his  message  of  1836,  in  admiration 
of  that  ' '  one  voice ' '  that  had  spoken,  a  patriotic  poem  of  praise  from  the  pen 
of  Whittier: 

"  Thank  God  for  the  token!  one  lip  is  still  free, 
One  spirit  untrammeled,  unbending  one  knee! 
Like  the  oak  of  the  mountain  deep  rooted  and  Arm, 
Erect  when  the  multitude  bends  to  the  storm." 

and  in  which,  after  using  the  name  ' '  Ritner, ' '  he  pays  a  beautiful  tribute  to 

"That  bold  hearted  yeomanry,  honest  and  true, 
Who,  haters  of  fraud,  give  labor  its  due; 
Whose  fathers  of  old  sang  in  concert  with  chime 
On  the  banks  of  Swatara,  the  songs  of  the  Rhine." 

Jacob  Alter,  whose  daughter  Susannah  became  the  wife  of  Gov.  Ritner, 
came  from  Lancaster  County,  and  settled  on  the  Conodoguinet  Creek,  at  Alter' s 
mill,  in  1790.  His  son,  Jacob  Alter,  Jr.,  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  in 
1814,  and  was  for  quite  a  number  of  consecutive  terms  a  member  of  that  body. 

In  the  January  Court,  1789,  viewers  were  appointed  to  lay  out  a  private 
road  from  John  Moore's  house  to  his  farm  on  the  "  Rich  Lands,"  and  from 
thence  to  Mount  Rock,  etc. ,  in  all  a  distance  of  two  miles  and  128  rods.  The 
viewers  were:  George  McKeehan,  John  Miller,  James  Heal,  Joshua  Murlin  and 
Mathew  Davidson.      The  road  was  confirmed. 

The  oldest-burial  place  in  the  township  is  supposed  to  be  the  one  on  the 
tract  which  was  known  as  the  New  Farm,  near  the  Old  Fort,  in  the  center  of 
which  there  is  a  plat  with  graves,  but  nothing  left  to  tell  who  lie  below.  In 
the  later  extension  of  it,  there  are  more  recent  graves,  on  the  three  sides  of  the 
old  plat,  and  on  some  of  the  older  grave-stones  inscriptions  in  the  German  Ian- 


WEST   PENNSBOROUGH   TOWNSHIP.  303 

gnage.     These,  however,  do  not  date  beyond  the  century,  but  there  are  others 
where  the  inscriptions  are  entirely  obliterated. 

The  first  floor-mill  in  the  township  of  which  we  have  any  definite  informs 
tion,  was  built  in  177it.  and  still  stands  at  Newville  on  the  old  Atcheson  tract. 
Piper's  mill,  on  the  Big  Spring,  also  in  the  western  portion  of  the  township,  was 
built  iu  1771.  There  was,  however,  an  old  mill  built  upon  the  Conodoguiuet 
Crook  at  a  very  early  date,  which  sum'  claim  to  b  i  the  oldest  in  the  township. 
It  was  one,,  known  as  Alter' s  mill.  The  warrant  of  the  entire  tract  now  owned 
by  the  heirs  of  William  Alter  was  taken  out  by  Richard  and  John  Woods,  in 
1  786,  who  sold  the  land  to  Landis  and  Bowman  the  same  year  in  which  their 
patent  was  grante  I.  The  mill  was  iu  existence  at  that  date,  and  in  17U8,  it  is 
spoken  of  as  "the  Lao  lis'  mill,  formerly  Woods'."  The  present  mill  was 
built  by  William  Vlter  iu  L832.  Other  mills  in  the  township  are  as  follows: 
On  the  Big  Spring.  Manning's, above  Piper's;  Ahl's, formerly  Irvine's,  between 
Piper's  and  Laughlin's;  and  Lindsey's,  formerly  Oilier' s.  On  the  Conodoguinet 
are  King's,  formerly  Shellabarger's;  McCrea's,  formerly  Alter' s;  Greider's,  for- 
merly Diller's,  and  Lindsey's,  formerly  Forbes'.  Alter' s  mill  was  at  one  time, 
also  a  local  trading-post,  where  sugar,  coffee,  salt,  etc.,  were  kept  for  the  accom- 
modation of  the  people.  There  was  also  a  saw-mill,  a  clover-mill  and  a  distil- 
lery on  his  property,  but  the  flour -mill  alone  remains. 

There  was  at  one  time  quite  a  number  of  whisky  distilleries  in  the  town- 
ship, such  as  liter's,  McFarlano's,  one  at  Mount  Rock,  one  at  the  spring  where 
Peter  Etitner  lives,  an  1  another  on  the  Weaver  property,  four  an  1  a  half  miles 
west  of  Carlisle.  The  first  house  of  public  entertainment  is  said  to  have  been 
kept  on  the  property  of  Henrj  B  lar,  about  midway  between  Carlisle  and  New- 
ville.  The  land  was  patented  by  a  mm  named  Mitchell  in  17815.  and  the  place 
was  named  Mitehellsburg.  Tue  house  was  known  as  the  "Irish  House,"  and 
was  a  place  of  extensive  resort  and  drinking.  It  is  said  that  a  barrel  of  whisky 
was  sometimes  consumed  in  one  day.  No  vestige  of  this  house  remains.  Tav- 
erns were  kept  at  a  later  day  at  Plaiuli  dd  and  on  the  main  road  leading  from 
Carlisle.  Philip  Rhoads  kept  one  three  miles  west  of  the  latter  place,  and 
John  Paul  where  John  Z,  Paul  now  lives.  This  last  was  a  relay  house,  where 
the  stages  stopped  Mount  Pock  was  a  favorite  stopping  place  also,  for  the 
heavy  wagons  then  in  use.  Palmstown  had  a  tavern,  and  Jacob  Palm  kept  a 
relay  house  on  the  now  Myers'  farm.  Since  the  introduction  of  the  "iron 
horse."  these  teams  and  taverns  are  no  longer  on  the  turnpike;  they  have 
passed  away  with  the  necessities  of  the  early  days  which  gave  them  birth. 

VILLAGES. 

Small  villages  are  numerous.  On  the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad,  which 
runs  through  Pennsborough,  the  first  station,  seven  miles  west  of  Carlisle,  was 
occupied  in  1839  by  John  and  David  Alter,  and  was  called  "  Alterton."  It  is 
now  called  "  Kerrsville." 

In  1856  John  Greason  laid  out  a  station  on  his  farm,  now  known  as 
"Greason."  The  first  house  was  built  at  this  place  some  thirty-seven  years 
ago,  and  the  station  has  become  the  nucleus  of  a  village.  These  are  the  only 
stations.  The  land  on  which  Palmstown  is  located  was  surveyed  in  1785,  on  a 
warrant  granted  to  John  Turner.  In  the  patent  it  was  called  "  Mount  Pleas- 
ant." In  L800  the  land  was  purchased  by  Jacob  Palm,  who  kept  a  tavern  in 
the  first  house  erected  at  that  place.  The  building  has  since  received  addi- 
tions and  is  still  standing,  at  present  the  property  of  Jacob  Chiswell.  The 
town  has  never  been  regularly  laid  out,  but  is  simply  a  line  of  houses  along 
the  road. 


364  HISTORY  OF  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY. 

The  land  where  Springfield,  at  the  Big  Spring,  stands,  was  patented  to 
William  McCracken  and  Samuel  Finley  at  an  early  date,  and  the  town  was 
laid  out  probably  as  early  as  1790.  After  building  the  first  mill,  Mr.  McCrack- 
en sold  out,  in  1809,  to  Robert  Peebles.  The  tract  consisted  of  130  acres 
"deeded  in  fee,  except  the  part  on  which  Springfield  stands,  for  which  the  said 
Robert  Peebles  was  to  receive  quit-rents. ' '  These  quit-rents  were  extinguished 
only  about  thirty  years  ago.  At  one  time,  before  the  turnpike  was  constructed, 
Sprino-field  was  a  more  important  place,  and  where  more  business  was  transacted 
than  at  present,  there  being  in  operation  a  flour-mill,  three  taverns,  four  dis- 
tilleries, two  stores,  and  the  usual  number  of  mechanic- shops.  The  first  road 
laid  out  westward  toward  the  Potomac  crossed  here  at  the  Big  Spring.  There 
is  now  in  the  town  two  schools  and  a  church  belonging  to  the  United  Brethren. 
The  situation  is  romantic,  and  the  town  has  probably  about  200  inhabitants. 
The  western  part  of  the  land  on  which  Plainfield  stands  was  patented  to 
Jacob  Alter  in  1793;  the  eastern,  at  an  earlier  date,  to  Richard  Peters,  the  secre- 
tary, under  the  Provincial  Government,  in  the  land  office  in  Philadelphia.  In 
Alter' s  patent  the  tract  he  purchased  was  called  Plainfield.  In  1794  forty- 
three  acres  of  this  tract  were  sold  to  Frederick  Rhoadacker,  who  seems  to  have 
kept  a  hotel  there,  and  to  have  made  the  first  improvements.  It  was  not,  how- 
ever, until  1812  that  several  parties— viz. :  Jacob  Weigel,  blacksmith;  Henry 
Weige!,  wagon-maker;  John  Howenstein,  cooper;  and  probably  some  others- 
purchased  lots  from  the  owners,  and  began  to  ply  their  respective  trades.  The 
place  was  then,  or  afterward,  known  as  "Smoketown,"  because  the  black- 
smiths, manufacturing  their  own  charcoal,  kept  the  atmosphere  surcharged  with 
smoke  This  name  is  used  as  late  as  1845,  when  the  town  consisted  "  of  a  few 
houses."  When  a  postoffice  was  established  at  Plainfield  its  original  name 
was  restored. 

Mount  Rock,  on  a  slight  eminence,  evidently  so  called  from  the  large  lime- 
stone rocks  which  protrude  from  the  surrounding  hills,  is  beautifully  situated, 
seven  miles  west  of  Carlisle,  near  a  large  spring  which  issues  from  a  limestone 
rock  the  water  from  which,  after  flowing  for  a  short  distance,  sinks  again  into 
the  earth,  and,  passing  under  a  hill,  re-appears  on  the  north  side,  and  pursues 
its  course  to  the  Conodoguinet.  . 

Here  some  seventy  years  ago,  were  two  Miller  families,  Presbyterians,  in- 
termarried with  the  McCulloughs  and  McFarlands.  One,  John,  kept  a  hotel  at 
Mount  Rock.  Here,  also,  were  the  McKeehans,  who  had  lands  adjacent  to 
Mount  Rock,  and  the  Davidson  family,  who  owned  lands  upon  the  spring- 
both  descendants  of  the  early  pioneers  who  settled  in  this  county.  About  a. 
half  a  century  ao-o  the  hotel  at  Mount  Rock  was  the  "  Furgeson  House,  and 
among  the  families  living- there  were  the  Millers,  whose  land  lay  principally  m 
Dickinson,  the  Tregos,  Bixlers,  Spanglers,  Zinns,  and  others.  The  township 
elections  and  the  musterings  and  reviews  of  the  old  militia  were  also  held  there. 
Now  the  old  tavern  has  been  turned  into  a  private  dwelling  and  the  distillery 
into  a  warehouse.  There  is  also  a  "Union  Church  here,  built  sometime  subse- 
quent to  1846. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

About  1845  the  Legislature  passed  an  enactment  meant  to  divide  the  town- 
ship so  that  the  eastern  portion  should  be  called  "West  Pennsborough  Town- 
ship," and  the  western  "Big  Spring  Township."  This,  however,  was  op- 
posed by  the  inhabitants,  and  the  act  was  repealed  in  the  succeeding  Legisla- 

U1  The  postoffices  in  the  township  are  Plainfield,  Big  Spring,  Greason,  Kerrs- 
ville  and  Mount  Rock.  The  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad  passes  from  east  to 
west  through  the  township,  almost  dividing  it  in  two. 


Jj^amtd    Crf&c 


06V& 


Biographical  Sketches. 


CHAPTER  XXXVIII. 

BOROUGH  OF  CARLISLE. 

WILLIAM  BARNITZ,  president   of  the  Fanners  Bank,  Carlisle,  is  a  native  of  York 
County.  Penn.,  born    near  Banover,  July  29,  1817.     His  great-grandfather,  John  George 
Curl  Barnitz,  born  December  II.  1723,  undoubtedly  in  France(now  ihe  Prussian  provinces 
-I  Alsace  and  Lorraine),  aettled  in  York  County,  where  his  death  occurred  in  1796.     His 
children  were  Jacob,  Daniel,  John  and  George  (twins),  Midi  ad,  Susan  and  Barbara.  John 
was  born  in  Fork  Count}  in  1758,  and  died  April  16,  1828,  after  having  served  as  captain 
in  the  Revolutionary  war.     A:   the  age  of  eighteen  years  he  became  ensign  of  Capt. 
Stokes'  company   and   Col.  Swope's   regiment  of  the  famous  "flying  camp,"  ami   was 
wounded  at  Fori  Washington.     Be  was  register  and  recorder  of  York  County  from  1785 
to  1824.     Bis  wife  was  a  daughter  of  Archibald  McLean,  of  York  County.    (Chs 
Barnitz,  a  son  of  Jacob,  was  an  eminent  member  of  the  bar  of  York  County,  and  served 
as  a  member  of  the  Twenty-third  Congress.)    Daniel  was  a  major  in  the  war  of  the  Rev- 
olution;  John  was  a  colonel   in    the  Revolution.  George  was  an  associate  judge  of  York 
County;  Michael   located   in    Lancaster    Count)  ;    Susan   married   a    .Mr.  Eichelbergcr.    of 
Baltimore.  Md  ;  Barbara   married  a  Mr.  Lauman,  of  Fork.     Daniel  Barnitz,  the  grand- 
father of  the  .subject   of  this  sketch,  married  Susan   Eichelberger,  and   to  them  were  born 
ten  children     si\  -on-  and  Four  daughters.     Jacob  was  born  April  fi.  1777,  and  was  married 
to  Mi—  Mary  G.  Etzler.  and  settled  on  a  farm  near   Hanover,  which  he  purchased  in  1800 
(now  owned  by  a  son,  Daniel),  and  in  1836  removed  to  Cumberland  County,  where  he 
purchased  mill  property,  located  on  Yellow  Breeches  Creek,  of  John  Weakley,  now  owned 
i>\  a  son,  Jacob  E      He  was  a  man  of  great  energy,  projected  and  held  stock  in  the  old 
Baltimore  Turnpike,  and  took  great  interest  in  educational  matters.     His  death  occurred 
in  1868,  aged  eighty-six  year.-.     To  Jacob  and  .Mary  <;.  i  Etzler)  Barnitz  were  born  six  sons 
and  tour  daughters,  namely:  Henry.  Charles,  Mary  (married  Michael  Carl,  of  Hanover), 
lied  unmarried),  Jacob  Elder.  Daniel,  Eliza  (married  Michael  Bucher,  of  Ban  over), 
W  illiam. Alexander,  and  Jane  R.  tdical  unmarried).    Our  subject  was  educated  in  Pennsi  i 
al  Gettysburg,  and  Dickinson,  at  Carlisle.    Subsequently  be  was  for  a  time 
•  in  teaching  schools  at  Frankford,  Penn.,  and  in  Delaware;  then  returned  to  Car- 
d  in  1851  »;i.  married  to  Miss  Caroline  M.  Wonderlich,  who  was  born  in  Middle- 
sex. Cumberland  County,  a  daughter  of  John  and  Susannah  (Bettrick)  Wonderlich,  old 
settlers  of  that  county.    .Mr.  and  .Mr-   Barnitz  have  three  sons  and  one  daughter:  John 
A.  1L.  clerk  and  book  keeper  in  the  fanner-'  Bank,  a  graduate  of  Dickin-on  College;  Jacob 
etch  of  whom  appears  elsewhere;  S.  Marion,  a  student  in  the  Moravian   Female 
Seminary,  al    Bethlehem, Penn.;  and  [J.  Grant,  attending  Dickinson  College.    Mr.  Barnitz 
was  on,-  of  the  original  stockholders  in  the  bank  of  which  he  is  now  president      Be  pos 
North  Middletoo  Township,  and  is  engaged  in  manufacturing  tile, 
plain  and  unassuming  gentleman  and  a  practical  business  man,  enjoying  the  con- 
ind  esteem  of  the  community  in  general.    Be  and  his  family  are  members  of  the 
Luthet 

JACOB   EDWIN   BARNITZ,  attorney,  Carlisle,  was  born  in  that  place  November  0, 

roline  M.  (Wonderlich)  Barnitz.     He  is  a  graduate  of  the  high 

school  and  of  Dickinson  College— class  of  1875.     He  began  the  Btudj  of  law  in  the  office 

ol  A.  II    Sharpi  idmitted  to  the  bar  in  August,  1877,  Bince  which  time  he  bias 

1  in  the  practice  of  h  a.    In  1884  he  was  a  delegati   to  the 

m   and  has  held  several  local  offices  of  trust  in  Cat  lisle     He  is 

:l  member  of  Cumberland  Star  Lodge,  No.  107,  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  K.  of  P.,  True  Friends 

Lodgi  .  No.  56. 


368  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

TACOB  S  BENDER  M  D.,  Carlisle,  was  born  at  Bendersville,  Adams  County, 
Penn  September  21,  L834.  His  grandfather.  Conrad  lender,  a  native  of  G-rmany  came 
to  Pennsylvania  when  a  young  man,  and  settled  at  Hanover,  in  York -County,  and  there 
married.  He  had  two  sons.  Jacob  and  Henry,  who  laid  out  the  town  of  Bendersville  and 
four  daughters.  Jacob  married  Miss  Eva  Schlosser,  who  died  in  1859  upward  of  nxtj 
years  of  age.  Jacob's  death  occurred  in  1863,  aged  eighty-four  years;  he  was  the  la  her 
o eleven  Children,  seven  of  whom  are  living:  Conrad;  Catherina  wife  of  W.lson  Naylor; 
Elias  who  is  a  farmer  in  Holt  County.  Mo.;  Susan,  wife  of  Tobias  Schlosser  a  den- 
tist in  Hagerstown,  Md.;  Hannah,  wife  of  John  Callings,  a  farmer  near  Bendersville;  -John 
Wesley,  a  dentist  at  Sl.ippensburg,  Penn.,  and  Dr.  Jacob  8.  Our  subject  worked  on  his 
father's  farm,  attending  school  in  the  winter  seasons  unti  eighteen  years  of  age,  then  en- 
tered Hagerstown  Academy,  where  he  pursued  his  studies  lor  three  years,  and  began  to 
study  medicine  with  his  cousin,  Dr.  J.  J.  Bender,  and  was  graduated  from  the  P'nnsyl- 
vania  Homoeopathic  College  of  Medicine  in  the  spring  of  1863.  boon  at  tei  his  gradua- 
tion he  was  appointed  assistant  surgeon  (with  the  rank  of  first  lieutenant)  in  the  Twenty- 
ninth  ltegime.it.  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  remained  in  the  service  until  the  close  of 
the  war.  He  was  witli  Sherman  on  his  -march  to  the  sea;"  was  at  the  battles  of  Geitys- 
buru  Lookout  Mouniain,  Marengo.  Ga.;  Resaca,  Ga.;  Pumpkin  Vine  Creek,  Ga.;  Peach 
Tree  Creek.  Kenesaw  Mountain,  and  at  the  various  other  engagements  and  skirmishes  in 
which  his  regiment  participated.  He  was  mustered  out  with  the  regiment  at  the  close  of 
the  war;  then  went  to  Colorado  and  Nebraska,  where  for  four  years  he  was  engag  d  n 
practicing  medicine  between  Omaha  and  the.  Rocky  Mountains.  Alter  this  «p«n<nice  he 
located  in  Carlisle,  where  he  has  since  practiced  his  profession  Octohei  21,  187h.  hf  was 
married  to  Miss  Laura  Conlyn,  a  native  of  Carlisle,  and  a  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Esther 
(Barber)  Conlyn.  One  child  has  been  born  to  this  marriage-Esther  Mckinley  Bender. 
Dr  Bender  is'a  member  of  Post  No.  201,  G.  A.  R.,  and  he  and  wile  are  identified  with  the 
Presbyterian  Church  of  Carlisle.  ,p  , 

JO-HM  M  BEMTZ  dentist,  Carlisle,  is  a  native  of  Cumberland  County,  born  at  bar- 
lisle,  September  24,  1854.  He  was  graduated  from  the  high  school  of  that  place  at  the 
age  of  seventeen,  and  soon  thereafter  began  the  study  of  dentistry  at  Carlisle.  He  subse- 
quently entered  the  Pennsylvania  Dental  College,  of  Philadelphia,  from  which  he  was 
graduated  in  1874,  before  be  was  twenty  one  years  old.  After  his  graduation  he  located 
in  Altoona.  Penn..  and  there  remained  one  year,  wdien  he  removed  to  Carlisle,  where  he 
has  been  quite  successful  in  his  business,  increasing,  from  time  to  time,  until  he  now  lias 
a  larw  practice.  November  11,  1884.  he  was  married  to  Miss  Luhe  Norbeck.  oF  L  ncas_ 
ter,  P?nn.  a  native  of  Ge.tvshurg,  Adams  County  Dr  Bentz  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  council  of  Carlisle  in  188:1  and  re-elected  in  1886.  He  is  a  member  of  the  LO  OF 
and  Carlisle  Lodge.  No.  91,  I.  O.  H.  The  parents  of  our  subject  were  Wilham  and  Jane 
(Mell)  Bentz,  both  natives  of  Carlisle;  the  former  a  dry  goods  merchant  loMr.  and 
Mrs  William  Bentz  were  born  the  following  children.  Abner  W  a  printer  by  trade;  Jo- 
seph G,  a  telegraph  operator;  Samuel,  a  hardwar#nerchant:  William,  a  farmer;  John 
M  •  Georo-e  C.  a  druggist,  of  Leadville,  Col.,  and  steward  of  St.  Luke  s  Hospital,  Eliza- 
beth wife  of  R.  L  Broomall,  late  counterfeit  detector  of  the  United  States  mint;  and 
Mary  M„  who  resides  with  her  mother.  The  father  (William  Bentz)  died  in  187o^  aged 
fifty  five  years.  He  was  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F  Carlisle  Lodge  No  91.  We'rich 
Bentz.  the  grandfather  of  our  subject,  was  born  at  Ephratah,  Lancaster  Co..  Penn.,  in 
1788.  He  was  a  son  of  Jacob  Bentz.  a  native  of  the  same  county,  and  he,  too  a  son  of 
Jacob,  who  emigrated  from  Germany,  and  settled  near  Ephratah.  Wei  rich  Ben  te  learned 
the  wagon-maker's  trade  in  York  County,  and  when  a  young  man  removed  to  Lebanon 
Penn.,  where  he  married  Elizabeth  Zollinger,  a  native  of  Harnsburg,  a  daughter  ot  Jacob 

°  GEN  EDWARD  M.  BIDDLE,  Carlisle,  was  born  in  Philadelphia.  He  is  a  de- 
scend ,nt  of  William  Biddle,  who  was  a  friend  of  William  Penn,  and  one  of  the  original 
proprietors  of  Vest  Jersey/and  who  settled  in  that  province  in  1681  and  under  various 
purchases  became  entitled  to  42.910*  acres  of  land  He  fixed  his  residence  at  what  n  now 
known  as  Kinkora.  on  the  bank  of  the  Delaware  River,  and  took  up  an  adjacen  island 
of  278  acres,  which  is  still  known  as  Biddle's  Island.  William  Macfunn  Biddle  the 
father  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was  a  great-great-grandson  of  the  earlyp'opnete, 
and  resided  in  Philadelphia.  The  mother  was  Lydia,  youngest  daughter  of  Kev 
Elihu  Spencer,  D.  D.,  of  Trenton,  N.  J.  She  r -moved  to  Carlisle  in  182  and  built  the 
house  in  which  her  son,  Edward  M„  still  resides.  Mr.  Biddle,  our  subject  received  a 
classical  echicati  n,  and  graduated  at  Princeton  College,  with  distinction,  in  he  class  of 
1827  After  "aduating  he  removed  from  Philadelphia  to  Carlisle,  his  present  residence 
and  here  pursued  the  study  of  law  under  his  brother-in-law  Hon  Charles  B.  Penrose  and 
it .1880  was  admitted  to  practice  in  the  several  courts  of  Cumberland  County  Subse- 
quently he  embarked  in  other  business  pursuits,  and  then,  in  connection  with  a  partner 
erected  the  Big  Pond  Iron  Furnace,  in  Cumberland  County,  and  for  several  years  earned 
on  its  business  In  1836  Mr.  Biddle  was  married  to  Miss  Julia  A.  Watts,  the  youngest 
daughter  of  the  late  David  Watts,  Esq.,  of  Carlisle,  and  sister  of  Hon.  Frederick  Watts. 


BOKOUGII  OF  CARLISLE.  309 

They  have  had  eight  children,  six  of  whom  survived:  David  W..  Charles  P.,  Frederick 
Iward  W.,  Willi  im  M.  and  Lydia  S.     In  1838  Mi    Biddle  was  appointed  secretary 
of  the  Cumberla  d  Vallej  Railroad  Company,  ami  in  1840  whs  made  treasurer  and  secre- 
tary   wli  b    has  held  continuously  to  the  present  time.     In  1858  he  was  elected 

enera!  oi   the  voluntei-rs  of  the  Fifteenth  Pennsylvania  Division,  compo  ed   of 

s  of  Cu aland,  Franklin  and  Perry.    In  1861,  upon  the  breaking  out  of  the 

Rebellion,  lie  «  is  tendered  by  Gov,  Curtin,  and  accepted,  the  position  oi  adjutant 
oi    Pennsylvania,  and    organized  for  service  the  earlier  Pennsylvania  regiments  which 
were  put  into  the  field.     At  the  expiration  of  a  yearhe  resigned,  his  personal  business 
requiring  liis  entire  alti  ntion. 

EDWARD  W.  BIDDLE.  Carlisle,  was  born  in  Carlisle  May:!,  1858,  son  of  Edward 
M   and  Julia  A.  (Watts)  Biddle,  natives,  the  Eormer  of  Philadelphia,  who,  in  1827,  came 

w  Hi  liis  l her  to  Carlisle,  and  the  latter  a  native  of  Carlisle,  a  daughter  of  David    nil 

Julia  (Miller)  Waits  she  a  daughter  of  Gen.  Henry  Miller,  of  Revolutionary  war  lame 
and  from  Cumberland  County.  The  father  of  our  subject  has  been  secretary  and  treasurer 
of  the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad  sin. a'  1840.  Our  subject  attended  the  public  schools 
until  twelve  Mars  of  age,  when  he  entered  the  preparatory  department  of  Dickinson 
College,  and  two  years  later  the  college  proper,  from  which  Ue  was  graduated  at  the  age 

-  in  years,  being  a  member  of  the  clas*  of  1870:  He  was  then  engaged  in  the  sur- 
veying corps  on  the  Dillsburg  &  Mechanicsburg  Railroad  for  six  months,  when  In    b    ;an 

ly  of  law  in  the  office  of  William  M  Penrose,  Esq.,  was  admitted  to  the  bai  in 
1878,  and  has  si!M,.  been  occupied  in  the  practice  of  law.  He  was  attorney  for  the  com- 
missioners of  Cumberland  County  during  the  years  1879-81.  Mr.  Biddle  was  married 
Februarys  1883,  to  Miss  Gertrude  D  Bonier,  of  Carlisle,  a  daughter  of  J.  Herman  and 
.Mai\  J.  (Kirk)  Bosler,  former  of  Cumberland  County  ami  latterof  Mifflintown,  Juniata 
Co.,  Penn.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Biddle  two  sons  were  born:  Herman  Bosler,  born  April  14, 
1888,  and  Edward  Ma  funn.  born  May  29,  1886.  Mrs.  Biddle  is  a  member  of  the  Second 
Presbyterian  Church. 

ABRAHAM  BOSLER  (deceased)  was  born  in  Silver  Spring  Township,  Cumberland 
Co.,  Penn.  His  paternal  grandfather,  John  Bosler, -when  a  young  man,  emigrated  from 
Hanover.  Germany,  alone.  He  settled  between  Elizabethtown  and  Maytown,  Lancaster 
County.  Penn.,  in  i  761, and  there  married  Miss  Longenecker  and  had  a  large  family.  His  son 
John  married  Catherine  Gish,  of  Lancaster  Countj .  and  removed  to  Cumberland  County, 
settling  in  8ilver  Spring  Township  in  1791.    They  had  three  sons  and  two  daughters,  viz.: 

Jacob  LV.  M.  D.,  who   married    Ann    D.  Herman;  John,  who  Was   married    twice  (his  first 

wife  was  a  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Jacob  Keller,  and  his  second  a  daughter  of  George  We 
bert);  Nancy  also  married  twice,  her  first  husband  being  John  Rife,  and  her  second, 
Melchoir  Webert;  Catherine,  who  married  Dr.  Fahnestock;  Abraham,  whose  portrait 
appears  at  t  he  head  of  this  sketch,  was  th  ■  youngest  child  of  John  and  Catherine  (Gisli) 
Hosier.  On  February  20,  1880,  he  married  Eliza  Herman,  of  Silver  Spring  Township,  who 
was  a  daughter  of  Martin  and  Elizabeth  (Bowers)  Herman.  (See  sketch  of  Hon.  M.  C. 
Herman,  this  volume.)  Abraham  Holler,  early  in  life,  engaged  in  merchandising  at  Ho- 
gestown,  an  I  a  I'm  years  later  formed  a  partnership  with  Francis  Porter  in  the  produce 
business,  shipping  largely  in  ai  ks  and  boats  on  the  Susquehanna  River  to  Baltimore,  Md. 
Mr.  Bosler,  in  the  spring  ol  1851,  sold  his  property  in  Silver  Spring  and  moved  to  South 
Middleton  Township,  where  he  purchased  a  farm,  mill  and  distillery,  and  was  hen  ai  i 
ively  engaged  in  business  until   1871,  when  he  retired  and  moved  to  Carlisle,  in  which 

place  he  (li   d  December  21,   1883,  i"  his  seventy  eighth  year.       His  wife  survived  him  two 

inddled  in  her  seventy-sixth  year.  Early  in  life  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bosler  connected 
themselves  with  the  Old  Presbyterian  Church  at  silver  Spring,  and  with  certificates  of 

dismissal  from  thai  church,  u] their  removal  from  silver  Spring,  became  members. of 

rian  Church  of  Carlisle.  Tiny  were  both  liberal  supporters  of  this 
church  and  deeply  interested  in  its  prosperity.  They  had  eight  children,  all  bom  in  Sil- 
ver Spring  Township:  John  Herman.  . I  .mis  Williamson,  Benjamin  C.,  Joseph,  Elizabeth 
Bowers.  M  ,r\  Catherine    (ieorge  Morris  and  Charles,  ihe  lasl  dying  in  infancy. 

JOHN  HERMAN  BOSLER,  of  Carlisle,  is  the  oldest  living  representative  of  the  fam- 
ily.     He  was  bom    December  1  I    1830.      His  earh   life  was  Spent    upon    his   father's   farm. 

At  the  age  of  seventeen  he  went  to  Cumberland  Academy,  and  from  there  entered  Dick- 
inson College.  He  left  c  illege  to  enter  into  a  partnership  with  Ids  father  in  the  milling 
and  distillery  business,  in  which  he  remained  for  five  years.  He  then  withdrew  to  engage 
in  the  iron  business  in  Huntington  County,  where  he  remained  for  two  years,  during 
which  time  he  was  married,  on  October  t,  1856,  to  Mary  J.,  eldest  daughter  of  James  and 
Martha  (Saiger)  Kirk  of  Mifflintown.  Juniata  Co.,  Penn  8honlj  after  liis  man 
returned  to  Uumberlarj  1  ( '  mnty,  and  from  thai  time  was  engaged  in  the  milling,  distilling 
and  produce  business  until  1870.  In  this  year  he  and  his  youngesl  brothe.r,  < leorge,  estab- 
lished a  cattle  ranch  on  the  plains  of  the  ureal  West,  which  they  have  continued  to  the 
present  time.    They  were  th  preventatives  of  this  business  from  Cine 

(  ounty.  Mr.  Bosler  is  one  of  the  most  active  and  successful  business  men  of  Carlisle. 
He  is  al  present  president  of  the  Carlisle  Manufacturing  Co.,  a  director  in  the  Carlisle 


370  BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES: 

Deposit  Bank  and  director  of  the  Ogallalla  Land  &  Cattle  Co.  of  Nebraska,  as  well  as  be- 
K"t  other  large  western  enterprises.     Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bosler  are  members  of  the 

of  mote  than  a  pas^i..v  notice  in  this  work.  He  was  born  April  4,  1833.  He  assisted  on 
toe arm until  he  en tared Cumberland  Academy,  at  New  Kingston.  Two  years  later  he 
entered  Dick  ns.m  College  and  remained  through  his  junior  year.  During  vacation  he 
conceived  the  deac.f  going  West,  which  he  did  with  the  approval  ot  his  parents  He 
t-ui-h t  sell  d  -it  Moultrie  Columbiana  Co.,  Ohio,  during  the  winters  of  1853-o4.  He  then 
wen  o  W  ee  in'  W  Va.  where  he  read  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  He  then 
moved  to  S oux  City,  Iowa,  where  he  formed  a  partnership  with  Charles  E.  Hedges  to 
".„■,'  estate  business  They  then  established  the  Sioux  City  Bank,  under  the 
firm  n-.me  of  Rosier  &  .  °lges,  and  later  they  engaged  in  furnishing  goods,  cattle  and 
g  ne  aUuppliestrrthe  Interior  and  War  Departments  of  the  Government  on  he  north 
Missouri  River.  The  partnership  was  dissolved  m  1866,  and  Mr.  Bosler  continuea  tne 
1  T  si  ess  nn  il  the  time  ot  Ins  death.  During  his  residence  in  Sioux  City  he  was  an  active 
po  S  ana  "n  l8™waS sent  as  a  delegai  to  the  Charleston  Convention.  Having  by 
Hint  of  ener>'V  and  business  capac  ty,  acquired  a  considerable  fortune,  he  returnea,  in 
1866  to  Ms  I,-!  ive  o  ty  n  Pennsylvania  and  built  a  beautiful  home  in  the  suburbs  of 
Carlisle  H  The  contmued  to  reside  until  his  death.  He  was  a  ^°r  of  the  ^u^ 
lican  National  Committee  of  1880,and  he,  John  Roach.ship  but  de.'.and  b  > . xUn  ^'^  °f 
Colorado,  were  a  committee  appointed  in  charge  of  the  '»^"W^M^ 
«t  the  Phimirn  convention  in  that  year.  For  many  years  he  was  Mr.  tflaine  s  waim  per 
s^nal  friend  XrUt  nomination  of  Garfield,  he  became  one  of  his  strong  supporters. 
Inl^  he  wafnomintited  by  the  Republicans  of  the  Nineteenth ^District Jor •senator 
This  rlistt-iet  had  1  800  Democratic  ma  or  ty  and  he  reduced  it  to  130.  He  was  at  the  time 
of  his'd  aUi,  Dtcembei  n"  1883,  presiden/of  the  Palo  Blanco  CatUe  Company  0  New 
Mexico  and  of  the  Carlisle  Manufacturing  Company,  and  director  of  the  Carl  isle  lias  ana 
Wa^ei  Company.  No  man  was  ever  more  generally  beloved  in  a  community  than  Mr 
Bos  er  in  Carlisle,  for  his  benevolence  was  as  broad  as  his  means  were  great.  With  a 
ftronu-    utell u-ence  and  remarkable  judgment  he  united  great  kindness  of  heart      In  1860 

five  children,  four  of  whom  are  living:  Frank  C  Mary  Eliza.  VeVgUmtouindltel&i 
Louise.    Mrs.  Bosler  and  son,  Frank,  are  members  of  the  Second  Presbyterian  Church, 

°f  CBENJAMIN  C.  BOSLER,  as  his  brothers  did,  passed  his  early  years  on  Msfekfs 
farm   attended  Cumberland  Academy  for  several  yeap;  then  went  to  California,  where  he 

^^N^W&T&rth  23,  1838.  He  attended  the  common  schools  and 
the  academy  at  New  Kingston  and  the  grammar  school  of  Dickinson  College .He  ,a  so 
spent  his  early  life  on  his  father's  farm,  with  the  exception  ot  se vera  years  passed  with 
his  brother  James  in  Ohio.  In  1863  he  joined  said  brother  f.^^.f^g^Xn  he 
engaged  with  him  in  merchandising  and  Government  contra  ■  ng  unt  1S66 when  he 
returned  to  Carlisle  and  formed  a  copartnership  with  his  brother  J.  H.  Bos  ei.  inis 
partnership  lasted  eight  years,  during  which  time  they  were interested in  stock  and  real 
estate  in  the  West  Joseph  still  continues  this  business.  November  4,  1868.  he  marr  ea 
Sarah  E  .daughter  of  Thomas  Newton  and  Margaret  (Billmeyer  Leme^a  of  Berk  ley 
Conntv  W  Va  Mr  and  Mrs.  Bosler  have  had  seven  children,  five  of  whom  are  Ltvin,. 
SareSoIeph,  Jr.,  Eliza  Herman.  Mary  and  Susan  Lemen  Mrs  Bosler  and  daughter, 
Margaret,  are  members  of  the  Second  Presbyterian  Church,  of  Ca  lis 

ELIZABETH  B.  BOSLER  is  unmarried  and  is  living  in  her  f ather  s  home  m  uariwie. 

MA  KY  C.  B<  >SLER  married  Joseph  R.  Stonebraker.  of  Baltimore  Md.  aWt  They 
have  had  five  children,  four  of  whom  are  living:    James  Bosler,  Harry,  Joseph  and  Eliza 

Herc  FORGE  MORRIS  BOSLER  was  born  May  14, 1846.  After  leaving  the  public  schools 
heaU^ed^aforlAcademy.in 

brother  J  Herman  Bosler,  in  the  cattle  business  m  the  West  for  the  past  sixteen  years,  in 
the  practical  management  of  which  he  has  taken  an  active  part  >  January,  1880  he 
rnarre  Mail  l'i  daughter  of  George  W.  and  Mary  (Hedges)  Robinson  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Krh^ttee  cMldrin:  Eliza  Herman. Abram  and  George  Morris,  Jr.  Mrs.  Bosler  is  a 
member  of  the  Second  Presbyterian  Church,  of  Carlisle.  ,,._,.  T      •„»„  nn 

IO  iv  IJ    B  tVTTON,  retired  editor,  Carlisle,  was  born  in  Miffl.ntown.  Jun  ata  Co 


BOROUGH   OF    CARLISLE.  :S71 

thi  I  ■'■■,  Vol  ■'  r  of  Carlisle,  which  paper  he  conducted  ably  for  thirty-two  years, 
when  lie  sold  out  to  8.  M.  Wherry.  In  i*ls  lie  was  a  prominent  candidate  for  the  respon- 
sible office  of  canal  <  and  came  within  a  fe\*  votes  of  securing  the  nomina- 
tion bj  the  Democratic  State  Convention.  He  had  carried  the  Southern  tier  of  counties 
(Perry,  Fulton,  Franklin,  Cumberland,  Adam-  and  York)  without  missing  a  delegate,  but 
Simon  Cameron  (then  a  Democrat  and  a  delegate  to  the  convention)  was  hostile  to  Mr. 
Bratton  and  \\  orked  hard  for  bis  defeat.  Seth  Clover  was  nominated  1  >  \  a  trifling  major- 
ity In  1867  Mr.  Bratton  was  a  candidate  for  State  senator  and  carried  his  county.  Cum- 
berland, triumphantly.  Four  of  his  instructed  delegates,  however,  voted  for  Mis 
competitor,  Col.  Chestnut,  who  was  nominated  and  elected,  tn  the  year  following  Mr. 
Bratton  was  a  candidate  for  Congress,  and  carried  the  county;  but  here  again  bad  luck 
followed  him,  six  of  his  instructed  delegates  forsook  him  and  voted  for  Col.  Haldeman, 
who  was  nominated  by  the  skin  of  his  teeth  and  elected.    Two  years  later  Mr.  Bratton 

itendi  dnsl  Haldeman  and  defeated  him,  under  the  Crawford  County  system, 

by  700  majority,  but  Haldeman  was  again  nominated  by  receiving  the  votes  of  the  six 
conferees  from  York  and  Perry  to  Bratton's  three  from  Cumberland.     In  1880  Mr.  Bratton 

in  acandidate  for  Congress,  but  was  defeated  bj  F.  E.  Beltzhoover,  who  was 
elected  and  re-elected.  Mr.  Bratton  was  postmaster  of  Carlisle  under  Presidents  Pierce 
and  Buchanan,  and  of  the  latter  he  was  a  personal  friend.  He  was  a  member  of  t he 
town  council,  and  for  several  years   president  of  that  body.      He  is  at  this  writing  a 

of  the  Carlisle  Gas  and  Water  Company;  is  a  member  of  the  board  ol  education 
of  Carlisle  and  president  of  the  body:  a  director  in  the  Carlisle  Deposit  Bank;  a  director 
of  the  Carlisle  Land  Association  and  president  of  the  body;  also  a  director  in  the  Hamilton 
Fund  Association.  Mr.  Bratton  has  tilled  efficiently  all  offices  of  trust  to  which  be  has 
been  called  by  bis  fellow-eii  i/.ens,  and  has  been  elected  to  more  non-paying  offices  than 
any  man  in  Cumberland  County,  holding  Often,  during  the  last  thirty  years,  four,  live  and 
Sometimes  Six  of  these  thankless  offices  at  the  same  time.  lie  has  been  a  strong  and  con- 
sistent Democrat,  a  recognized  power  in  bis  party.  As  an  editor  he  was  trenchant,  often 
bitter,  and  during  the  period  of  lus  greatest  strength,  when  he  was  editor  of  the  Volunteer, 
that  paper  was  quoted  from,  editorially,  in  almost  every  State  in  tin'  union.  Mr.  Bratton 
is  now  living  in  retirement  in  Carlisle. 

WILLIAM  II.  BRETZ,  proprietor  of  tbclivery  stables,  Carlisle,  is  a  native  of  Cum- 
berland County,  born  in  Carlisle,  September  '.',  1832,  a  son  of  Jacob  and  Mary  (Dipple) 
Bretz,  former  born  in  Harrisburg,  in  1806.  Jacob  Bret/.,  who  was  acoachmaker,  came 
to  Carlisle  when  a  young  man,  was  there  married,  and  soon  after  went  to  Gettysburg, 
where  he  remained  two  years;  then  returned  to  Carlisle  and  engaged  in  the  manufacture 
of  coaches,  which  business  engaged  his  attention  until  lSo'i  or  1856,  and  subsequently  he 
gaged  in  the  manufacture  of  brick,  lie  held  the  office  of  register  of  Cumberland 
County  one  term,  and  is  now  the  court  crier  of  t  hat  county.  His  wife  was  born  in  Carlisle, 
in  1809,  and  died  December  85,  1883,  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  They 
were  the  parent-,  of  eight  children,  who  lived  to  be  men  and  women,  seven  living:  Eliza  J., 
widow  of  Dr.. I.  F.  Freichler;  William  H.;  Mary  A,  wife  of  William  H.Cornman,  liveryman, 
Carlisle;  Margaret  A.,  wife  of  George  G.  Boyer,  superintendent  of  car  works  of  Harris- 
burg and  president  of  Harrisburg  &  Steelton  Railway  Company;  George  M.,  photog- 
rapher, of  Pottsville,  Penn.;  Laura  ('..  widow  of  John  T.  Crozicr.  formerly  chief  clerk 
of  Mount  Holly  Paper  Mills;  Fannie  G.,  wife  of  Sylvester  Garwood,  manager  for  the 
I  Dion  relegraph  Company.  Philadelphia.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  received 
instruction  in  the  common  schools  of  Carlisle  and  the  preparatory  department  of  Dickin- 
ge,  from  which  institution  he  withdrew,  after  having  passed  the  examination  for 

to  enter  a  drug  store,  which  business  he  learned,  subsequently  purchasing  the 
store,  which  he  carried  on  until  lS-Vi.  In  1857  he  went  to  Kansas,  and  there  east  a  vote 
to  make  that  a  free  Slate;  eight  months  later  he  returned  to  Carlisle,  anil  for  a  period  was 

I  in  the  butcher's  business.  In  18G6,  he  embarked  in  the  livery  business,  with 
his  brother  in  law,  William  II.  Cornman,  and  four  years  later  purchased  Mr.  Hilton's  sta- 
ble, on  the  corner  Church  Alley  and  Pitt  street.  In  1*74  be  bought  hi-  present  property 
on  the  comer  of  Main  and  Pitt  Streets,  where  he  has  a  building  90x60  feet,  which  he 
built,  and  when-  are   kept  twenty  line   horses,  a   full  line  of  buggies,  carriages,  oniiiilni-.es, 

coaches  and  where  he  i-  fully  prepan  d  to  accommodate  the  public.     May 

22,     1868,     Mr.    Bretz    married   Miss    Maltha   Stumbaugh,  who  was    born    near  Cashtown. 

Adams  County,  a  daughter  of  Peter  and  Barbara  (Keffer)  Stumbaugh.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Bretz  are  members  of  St.  John's  Episcopal  Church.  Mr.  Bretz  i-  identified  with  St. 
John's  Blue  Lodge.  So.  260,  Chapter  173,  and  Commandery  No.  8,  E.  T.  He  started 
in  life  dependent  on  Ids  own  resources,  and  by  industry  and  good  management  has  ac- 
quired a  competency,  possessing,  in  addition   to  his  stables,  a   farm  of  mi  acres  in  North 

M  hid  let  on  Town-hip,  n  nice  re- i  dene. North  Street,  and  other  property  in  Carlisle. 

HON.  THEODORE  CORNMAN,  attorney,  Carlisle,  was  born  in  thai  place  May  11, 
ls:;i;  attended  the  public  schools  of  hi-  native  place,  and  served  an  apprenticeship  at  cab- 
inet making  in  the  same  town;  and  at  the  age  of  nineteen  began  teaching,  and  taught  ten 
years  in  the  public  schools  of  Carlisle  and  two  years  in  North  Middleton  Township,  and 


372  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

during  three  years  of  that  time  read  medicine  in  the  office  of  Dr.  S.  B.  Kieffer,  anil  also 
while  teaching  studied  law.  In  1868  he  wa<  elected  to  the  Legislature  from  Cumberland 
Countv  and  was  re-elected  to  the  same  in  1869.  At  the  close  of  his  second  term  he  re- 
turned to  Carlisle  and  entered  the  law  office  of  C.  E.  McLaughlin, with  whom  he  furthered 
his  studies,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1870,  since  which  tune  he  lias  been  actively  en- 
gaged in  the  practice  of  hi-  profession  In  1881,  he,  in  partnership  with  William  Vance 
tnd  Samuel  Site,  organized  the  Enterprise  Manufacturing  Company  of  (  arhsle  under  the 
firm  name  of  Vance  &  Companv,  manufacturers  of  sashes,  doors,  blinds,  etc  In  1884  he 
was  elected  a  director  of  the  school  hoard  of  Carlisle,  and  is  now  serving  in  that  capacity. 
In  1875  he  received  the  nomination  of  his  district  for  Congress,  but  withdrew  in  favor  of 
Col  Levi  Maish.  December  20.  1*59.  Mr.  Cornman  was  married  to  Miss  Lydia  Miller,  a 
native  of  York  Coun  y,  and  a  daughter  of  Daniel  and  Eve  Miller,  old  settlers  of  York 
County.  Our  subject  and  wife  have  had  four  children,  viz.:  George  \V  a  tinner,  who 
died  in  August,  188.-),  aged  twenty-five  years;  Charles  T.,  of  the  firm  of  Kissell  &  Corn- 
man,  dry  goods  merchants  of  Carlisle;  Sarah  E.,  who  died  young;   and   Theodore,  a  clerk 


Cornman  h 
a  member  of 


as  passed  all  the  chairs  in  Masonry  and  all  the  chairs  in  the  I.  O.  O.  F..  and  is 
c,  of  the  I.  O.  H.     In  politics  he  has  always  been  a  Democrat.    John  Cornman, 
the  father  of  our  subject,  was  born  in  North  Middleton  Township,  this  county  in  1788, 
and  died  in  1861.     He  was  reared  on  a  farm,  but  subsequently  moved  lo  Carlisle,  where 
he  was  engaged  in  the  hotel  business.     His  marriage  with  Anna  M.  \V  onderbch, 
u-land  County,  was  blessed  with  ten  children,  five  now  living:    Epbraim  Ellen 


for  years 
of  Cumberl 


(who  married  Robert 'Harris).  Frederick.  Theodore.  Joseph;  those  deceased  are  Daniel, 
Margaret  (intermarried  with  John  H.  Fredrick).  John,  Alexander  and  Franklin.  1  he 
father  was  a  member  of  the  Reformed  Church,  and  the  mother  of  the  Lutheran  1  he 
father  John  Cornman.  was  a  son  of  Valentine  Cornman,  a  native  of  Germany,  who  set- 
tled in  Cumberland  County  in  an  early  day  and  engaged  in  farming. 

WILLIAM  W  DALB  M.  D..  Carlisle,  stands  prominent  among  the  citys  putuic- 
spirited  citizens.  He  was  born  in  Lancaster,  Penn.,  a  son  of  Col.  Samuel  and  Elizabeth 
(Guudakcr)  Dale,  the  former  of  whom  (Judge  Dale),  was  among  the  many  worthy  public 
men  of  that  locality,  having  served  with  distinction  (holding  colonelcy)  in  the  warot  181*5; 
seven  years  as  a  member  of  the  Legislature  of  Pennsylvania;  for   many  years  associate 


subject  of  our  sketch,  who  completed  a  good  literary  training  in  Lancaster  County  Acad- 
emy and  Franklin  College,  and  was  graduated  from  the  Jefferson  Medical  College,  ot  Phila- 
delphia in  1838.  He  then  came  to  this  county,  and,  after  spending  same  years  at  Me- 
chanicsburg.  and  latterly  at  New  Kingston,  removed  here  in  1847.  where  he  has  contributed 
in  no  small  degree,  to  the  advancement  of  professional  work  and  to  the  development  ol 
the  social  and  industrial  life  of  Carlisle.  . 

JAMES  RAMSAY  DIXON,  sheriff-elect  of  Cumberland  County,  and  a  resident  ot 
Carlisle  was  born  in  Mount  Holly,  April  11.  1834  a  son  of  David  and  Christina  (\  oung) 
Dixon,  the  former  a  son  of  Andrew  Dixon,  a  machinist,  and  a  native  of  Scotland,  who  set. 
tied  in  Cumberland  County,  and  who  left  two  sons.  David  and  James  R.  The  subject  ot 
this  sketch  left  his  father's  business  (blacksmithing)  to  engage  in  butchering,  with  which 
he  has  since  been  successfully  connected  at  this  place.  He  married  Mary  J  .  riaughtei  ot 
Samuel  and  Charlotte  All-eir.  the  union  being  blessed  wilh  one  son  and  three  daug hte  s. 
Ellen  (deceased).  Andrew  (associated  in  business  with  his  father).  Laura  (wife  ot  L  harles 
Meek  a  merchant)  and  Ella.  Mr.  Dixon  is  a  strong  supporter  of  the  Democratic  party 
and  until  the  last  convention,  at  which  he  was  nominated  and  suusequently  creditably 
elected  to  the  sheriffalty  of  his  county,  he  has  always  refused  public  office.  ±ie  is  a 
worthy  Mason  and  a  member  of  the  Royal  Arcanum.      „„,.,,      ,         .,     ..-   ,     ... 

DR  IAMES  G  FICKEL.  pbysieian  and  surgeon,  of  Carlisle,  has  been  identified  witn 
the  city  all  his  life.  He  was  horn  at  Petersburg.  Adams  County,  September  14,  18U1  and 
when  three  months  old  was  brought  by  his  parents,  Benjamin  F.  and  Lucy  A  (Bender) 
Fickel.  natives  of  Adams  County,  to  York  County  His  father  was  a  farmer  and  am  Her 
and  bis  grandfather,  Henry  Fickel.  was  born  in  England,  and  soon  after  came  with  nis 
parents  to  Adams  County,  where  he  carried  on  farming.  Benjamin  F.  I  ickd  mo  ea  tt 
York  Countv  in  1853.  and  his  death  occurred  m  Adams  County.  He  and  his  wife  were 
members  of  the  Lutheran  Church.  Four  children-two  sons  and  twodaughters-wei.  born 
to  them,  viz.:  Dr.  James  G..  Isabella,  (wife  of  William  Leer,  a  farmer  ,n  Latimore  Town- 
shu.  Vdams  Countv)  Henry  F.  (a  farmer,  who  ma  ned  Miss  Chnstiann  Shank  of  \o,k 
C  nfy  angh  e.  of 'Jacob^ind  Harriet  (Ernst)  Shank);  Ann  L  (wife  of  Lou*  Arno Id  a 
farmer  of  York  County.)     Dr.  James  G.  Fickel,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  attended  school 


BOROUGH  <>[•'  CARLISLE.  373 

in  York  Coanty  until  fifteen  years  old,  when  he  went  to  New  Berlin,  Union  Co.,  Penn., 
where  Ue  attend*  d  the  Union  seminary  for  two  years.  Then  he  weni  t<>  Philadi  Iphi  i  and 
entered  the  Hahnemann  Medical  College,  from  which  institution  he  graduated  in  1878. 
Hi-  [hen  returned  to  Carlisle,  where  he  has  since  been  actively  engaged  in  the  practice  of 
the  profession.  Septembers,  I*  7s.  the  Doctor  was  married  to  Miss  El  In  Arnold,  who  was 
born  in  York  County,  a  daughter  of  Dr.  George  P.  and  Sarah  (Law)  Arnold.  Mrs.  Fiekel 
died  February  83,  1884,  the  mother  of  one  child,  Almeda  J.,  and  July  21,  1885,  Dr.   Fickel 

married  Mi--  Mat  \  A.  Sierer,  a  native  ol  Monroe  Township,  Ct erland  Co.,  and  daughter 

i  and  Elizabeth  (Niesly)  Sierer.  She  is  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church.  From 
time  i"  time  the  Doctor's  practice  has  steadily  increased,  and,  although  a  young  man.  he 
now  enjoys  an  extensive  practice,  having  more  than  he  can  really  attend  to,  the  reward 
of  stud)  and  honorable  treatment  ol  the  people  in  general.  Hi'  enjoys  the  confidence  and 
esteem  ol  the  community  at  large,  among  whom  he  is  gaining  prominence  as  a  ph]  ician. 
ANTHONY  FISHBUKN,  retinal  farmer,  Carlisle,  isa  great  grandson  <>l  Philip  Fisch- 
born,  born  in  Plannii  u  der  Churfatz,  rlessen-Darmstadt,  Germanv,  May  7  1722  ami  who 
Immigrated  to  America  and  settled  in  Derry  Tov<  nship  Dauphin  Co..  Penn.,  in  1749.  lie 
married  Miss  Catherine  E.  Bretz,  whose  birth  occurred  September  27,  1724,  ami  to  them 
five  sons  ami  four  daughters  were  born:  Margaret! a.  John  Philip.  Ludweg,  Peter,  Magda- 
lene, Anthony,  Dietrich,  Catherine  ami  Anna  Maria.  John  Philip  Fishburn  w  is  horn  in 
Derry  Township,  Dauphin  Co.,  Penn.,  November  15.  1754,  and  was  twice  married;  first, 
August  1  1.  1780,  to  Miss  Barbara  Greioer,  who  bore  him  six  children,  .as  follows:  Gather 
in-  K.  Magdalena,  John,  Anthony.  Margaret  aid  Anthony  (second),  two  of  whom  only 
lived  to  maiurit  v  John  and  Anthony  (second).  The  mother  died  June  19,  1790.  John 
Philip  married,  December  35,  1792  tor  his  si  cond  wife  Miss  Anna  M  Hack,  who  was  born 
June  9,  1771,  and  became  the  mother  of  twelve  children  ten  of  whom  lived  to  be  grown: 
Eve,  Barbara  Jacob,  Michael.  Elizabeth  Benjamin,  Jonas,  Sophia,  Thomas  and  Joshua. 
John,  -on  nf  John  Philip  and  Barbara  (Greiner)  Fishburn.  was  born  in  Derry  Township, 
Dauphin  Co.,  Penn.,  December  12,  1784;  married  Miss  Catherine  Carmana  November  26, 
1809,  and  to  them  were  born  six  sons  and  four  daughters  (nine  of  whom  lived  to  be  men 
and  women):  Philip,  John,  Anthony.  Barbara,  Hannah  C,  Helena.  Rudolph,  Adam.  Reu- 
ben and  Maria.  The  lather  die. 1  April  11  1861,  and  tin1  mot  her,  who  was  horn  April  it, 
17H1,  died  March  15,  1874  Anthony  Fishburn.  their  son  and  the  Subject  of  this  sketch, 
■I  with  hi-  parents  from  Dauphin  County  to  this  county  in  1832,- and  settled  in 
Dickinson  Township.  He  was  occupied  at  farming  with  ids  lather  until  his  marriage, 
February  15,  1842, with  Miss  Salome  Ann  Le  Fevre,  when  he  settled  on  his  farm  in  Dickin- 
tnson  Township.  She  was  horn  June  12,  1824,  in  West  Pennsborough  Township,  being  a 
daughter  of  Lawrence  ami  Salome  (Line)  Le  Fevre,  the  former  of  whom  was  horn  near 
Wrightsville,  York  Co.,  Penn  a  son  ol  George  and  Anna  Barbara  (Slaymaker)  Le  Fevre 
(the  Slaymakers  bving  of  German  and  the  Le  Fevres  of  Freneh  descent).  George  Le 
Fevre  was  a  grandson  of  Isaac  Le  Fevre.  a  Freneh  Iltwuenot.  who  immigrated  to  America 
to  escape  religious  persecution.  He  landed  in  Boston  in  1708.  and  settled  in  Lancaster 
County.  Penn,.  in  1712.  having  been  married  in  France  to  Miss  Catherine  Fierre,  a  daugh- 
ter of  Daniel  and  Maria  (Warrenbuer)  Fierre.  Isaac  Le  Fevre,  with  his  sons,  came 
to  Chester,  now  Lancaster  County,  and  located  near  Strasburg,  where  some  of  their 
descendants  still  reside.  Philip.  Isaac  la-  Fevre's  second  son.  horn  March  1 « • .  1710, 
in  Boston,  had  eight  children:  Isaac.  George,  Adam.  Jacob,  Catherine,  Esther,  Eve  .and 
Elizabeth.      George    married   Anna    Barbara   Slaymaker,  who   bore    him    twelve   children: 

Elizabeth,  Lawrence.  Isaac,  Mary,  Jacob,  George,  Adam,  Peter,  Anna,  Barbara,  Samuel, 
Jobn  and  Daniel.  Lawrence  was  married  twice;  titst  to  Miss  Veronica  Alter,  in  May, 
1792,  ami  they  had  the  following  named  children :  Margaret  and  Georgedied  young  Jacob, 
Elizabeth,  John,  Isaac,  Fannie,  Esther,  David  Alter  and  Joseph  Ritner.    The  motherdied 

October  hV  1*17.  Lawrence  Le  Fevre  married  for  his  second  wife  Miss  Salome  I, me,  Oc- 
tober 29,  IS'..'-.',  and  they  had  One  daughter,  Salome  Ann  wife  id'  Anthony  Fishburn  To 
our  SUbjei  I  and  wife  have  been  born  three  children:  Philip  II..  horn  January  28,  1843,  .and 
died    February    11.    1845;    Anna    Maria,  born    January    lit.    1851,    diial    March   :!,    1855;    ami 

Louisa  Kibe,  born  December  26,  I860,  resides  at  home  with  her  parents,     Mr.  Fishburn 

retired  from  the  farm  March    111.  1885,  and  built  his  present    brick  residence  on  the  soulh- 

rner  of  Pomfret  and  West  Streets.     He  is  one  of  the  representative  men  of  Cum- 
berland County,  with  whose  interests  he  has  been  identified  since   he  was  sixteen  years  of 

age,  and  stands  high  in  tin-  estimation  of  all  as  an  upright  citizen  and  Christian  gentle- 
man,    lb-  ami  hi-  wife  at-.-  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church. 

ADAM    FISHBURN,  retired  farmer,  Carlisle    is  a   -on   of   John   and   Catherin 
many)  Fishburn,  natives,  the  former  of  Dauphin  County,  and  the  latter  of  Lebanon 

County.  Penn.  Our  subject  is  the  fifth  son,  and  eighth  in  a  family  of  ten  children  nine 
of  whom  livid  I"  be  men  and  women,  and  was  born  three  miles  east  of  1  luinincUl  own. 
Dauphin  en,  Penn.,  March  <i.  1826.  The  family,  in  1832,  moved  to  this  county,  and 
s.  tiled  mi  i  he  farm  in  Dickinson  Town-hip  now  owned  by  Adam.  Our  subject  remained 
on  the  home-lead,  attending  -chool  in  the  winter  seasons,  anil  at  his  father's  death  inher- 
ited t  he  farm,  where  i  :  until  1883,  when  he  purchased  hi-  present  property  on 


374  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

West  South  Street,  Carlisle,  building  the  house.  Mr.  fishburn  was  twice  married;  first 
January  26.  1854.  to  Miss  Ellen  .1.  Kenyon,  a  native  of  Dickinson  Townsh.p.  a  daughter 
ol  Samuel  M.  and  Sarah  Jane  (Ivinkaid)  Kenyon.  and  to  this  union  was  born,  December 
8  1854  one  son,  Samuel  K.  now  a  resident  of  Dickinson  Township,  and  engaged  in 
farming  o  he  old  homestead  His  marriage  occurred  April  15,  1879,  with  Miss  Annie 
>L  Lee,  a  native  of  Dickinson  Township,  "and  a  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Elizabeth 
(Myers)  Lee.  Both  are  members  of  the  church;  he  of  the  Lutheran  and  she  of  t 1 s  Epis- 
copal They  have  two  children:  Mary  L.  and  Fred  C.  The  wife  of  our  subject  died  De- 
cember 28  1854,  and  Mr.  Fishburn  December  8,  1859,  married  Miss  Catherine  E.  Hefiel- 
bower  a  native  of  Newton  Township,  but  reared  in  West  Pennsborough  Township  a  daugh- 
terof  George  and  Catherine  (An)  Heffelbower,  natives  of  Cumberland  County.  Two 
child  en  we'e  born  to  this  union,  both  dying  in  infancy  Mr.  Fis liburn is  one  o  I  the  en- 
terprising,  representative  farmers,  business  men  and  citizens  of  the  county  and  stands 
b>h  in  the  estimation  of  all  as  an  honest  man  and  a  Christian  gentleman.  Both  he  and 
his' wife  are  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church.  ,  ,      , 

J  MIES  K  FOREMAN,  farmer  and  stork-dealer,  Carlisle,  is  a  native  of  Cumberland 
County  Penn  L  > in  Southampton  Township  January  29  1837,  a  son  ot  Jacob  W.  and 
Catherine  A  Bughman)  Foreman.  Jacob  W.  was  born  and  reared  in  Maryland,  a  son  of 
Pe  er  1  C.tl  en,  e  (Heck)  Foreman, who,  too, were  natives  of  Maryland  and  all  of  whom 
set   ed  m  So u  Pt   n  To wnship.  Cumberland  County,  about  the  year  1829.     Mrs.  Jacob 

W -Foreman w  s a  la  ghter  of  Henry  and  Catherine  (Russell)  Bughman,  her  father  being 
one  ofVhe  s"  lethodists  .n  Southampton  Township,  and  who  assisted  in  organizing  the 
first  Melodist  Episcopal  Church  in  that  section  He  was  of  German  P^entage  and  a  na- 
tive of  Lancaster  Countv.  His  wife,  a  native  of  Ireland,  came  to  Cumberland  County 
when  a  girl?  whh  her 'brother.  John  Russell,  and  her  sisters  Polly  and  Martha.  .Jacob  W 
For  maif  and  wife  had  nine  children:  Catherine :  (deceased),  married  Benjamm  Baxter 
George  Keyner.  a  farmer  of  Southampton  Township;  James  Kelso;  Rachael.  v,ite  oi  Ja 
cob  II  Rebuck;  Samuel  (deceased);  Joseph  W.,  who  resides  on  the  old  homestead,  Mar- 
tha/decease  wife  of  Henry  Hoch);  Isabelle,  wife  of  Calvin  B.  Little,  stock-dealer  in 
Sou  hamp  on  Township  Corilla,  wife  of  Hiram  Highlands,  forwarding  me rchan  and  farm- 
er of  Leesburg.  Our  subject  learned  the  carpenter's  trade  with  bis  father,  which  he  fol- 
lowed contracting  and  building  until  1870,  when  he  was  elected  sheriff  of  Cumberland 
County and  moved  to  Carlisle.  '  He  performed  the  duties  of  his  office  three  years .since 
which  time  he  has  been  engaged  in  farming  and  dealing  in  stock  ,^»;;?g^i?£! 
married  to  Miss  Margaret  Atherton,  a  native  of  Shippensburg  and  daughtei  ot  Henry  ana 
Mary(Culp)  Atherton.  and  granddaughter  of  Jacob  Gulp,  and  to  them  ^aye  been  born 
eight  children:  Lilly,  Nannie  J.,  wife  of  Harry  Spangler  an  engineer  in  the  United  states 
Navy-  Jacob  H„  a  clerk  in  the  Farmers  Bank  of  Carlisle;  Kattie,  wife  of  Harry  Heitz- 
lei  a  iivervman  of  Carlisle;  Vermont,  M.  Blanch,  Frank  (Miss)  and  Malon  Sydney. .  Mr. 
Foreman  is  mie  of  the  representative  citizens  of  Cumberland  County,  with  whose  inter- 

6818  ^^mttn^l^X^or  of  the  Letfrt  Axle  Works,  Carlisle,  -S  born  in 
York  County,  Penn.,  December  11  1820.  a  son  of  Martin  and  Mary  (Thomas)  Gardner 
both  of  worthy  German  ancestry  of  York  County.  At  the  age  of  twenty  Franklin  .-ame 
here  where  he  learned  the  business  with  which  he  has  since  been  very  worthdy  connect- 
ed ' He  married here,  Sarah  Jane,  .laughter  of  Jacob  ami  Mary  (Hager)  Abrahims  who 
came  from  Lancaster  County  here,  the  union  being  blessed  with  five  sons  andflve ^daugh- 
ters- Carrie  is  the  widow  of  William  Maize,  Esq.,  and  has  two  sons  and  two  daughters, 
AnnhTi"  the  wife  of  H.  L.  Bowman,  of  Philadelphia,  and  has  one  son  Edward  J  is  su- 
perintendent of  the  Carlisle  Manufacturing  Company:  Alice  is  the  wife  fi^**-**0 
tern  of  Columbia.  Penn.;  John  H.  is  associated  in  business  with  his  fathei  and  has  a 
daughter  Laura,  'the  youngest,  is  at  home.  They  have  buried  Wi  ham  Martin  M  SaL 
lie  and  Charles.  Mr.  Gardner  has  been  a  worthy  member  of  the  First  Lutheiau  Gnurcii 
for  over  thirty-five  years,  and  is  at  present  a  member  of  its  vestry.  He  is  an  Odd  Fellow 
in  eood  stan  Un°  •  is  a  member  of  the  board  of  directors  of  the  Gas  &  Water  Company,  of 
Oafl '    a  Mil'  the  Carlisle  Manufacturing  Company.     He  has  always  led  an  honora- 

ble life  in  nfs  business,  and  has  the  pleasure  of  seeing  his  children  worthy  members  of  so- 

Ci%EORWGE  GIBSON"  IhKrfof  Chief  Justice  Gibson,  of  Pennsylvania    and  grand- 

son  of  Col  Geor-v  (iibson.  of  Revolutionary  fame,  who  was  killed  at  St  Clair  s  defeat, 
was  born  at  C,  lisle  Penn  ,  April  4.  1S26.  and  received  his  education  at  Dickinson  College, 
Carlisle  Penn  April,  1853,  saw  him  appointed  a  military  storekeeper  in  the  Quarter- 
maste r  Depurt'men?  of  the  Army,  which  position  he  retained  until  May  1867.  rendering 
Service  m  the  Qua  termaster  General's  office  at  Washington,  also  at  Albuquerque.  New 
MeVi  ■  >  S<  luvlkill  Arsenal,  Philadelphia,  when  he  was  appointed  a  captain  in  the  Eleventh 
Reg ularlnialftry.  and  assigned  temporarily  to  duty  in  Washington  as  approving  officer 
of  re  Vis itions  m ade  upon  .lie  clothing,  camp  and  garrison  equipage  by  he  troops  congre- 
'  , ,  "i a  city.  June.  \m.  saw  him  serving  with  his  regiment  in  the  held  (Army 
If  the  Potomac),  being  shortly  afterward  assigned  to  duty  with  Gen.  Sykes  as  commissary 


B0R01  QB  OF  CARLISLE.  ^')Tr> 

of  musters  and  Bneralof  the  Fifth  Corps      He  also  servei  tssistant 

general  oi   the  provisional  brigade  al   Gen.  Meade's  headquarters,  rejoining  his 

id  al   the  conclusion  of  the  war,  upon  its  being  assigned  to  the  duty 

i  .11  city.     Here  he  was  placed  in  charge  of  all  matters  pertaining  to  the 

colored  people  of  that  citj  and  the  adjoining  count]  of  Henrico,  and  shortly  afterward 

„:lv   made  acting  assistant  ral  of  the  Department  of  Virginia,  under  Qen. 

Terry,  and  of  the  Firsi  Military  District  of  Richmond,  Va.,  under  Gen   Schofield.     While 

serving  in  the  latter  capacity  he  was  temporarily    placed  in  command  of  the  sub -district 

of  Ft.  Monroe,  comprising  that  post,  as  well  as  Norfolk,  Camp  Hamilton  and  Yorktown. 

L868   b.i   «  as  promoted  major  of  the  First  [nfantry,  and  placed  on  duty,  by  orders 

j  of  \\  ar,  in  the  War  Department, as  recorder  of  a  board  of  claims.    June, 

.  %    bim  assigned   to  the  Fifth   Lnfantrj   and  command  of  Ft.   Hays.   Kas.,  being 

shortly  afterward  placed  on  duty  at  Ft.  Leavenworth,  under  Gen.  Pope,  as  acting  assistant 

inspector-general,  Department  of  the  Missouri.     From  this  place  he  was  transferred,  by 

orders  of  the  War  Department,  to  Memphis,  Tenn.,  as  a  disbursing  officer,  under  direction 

of  the  adjutant  general  of  the  army,  where  he  continued  untilJuly,  1876,  when  he  was 

,  i  command  of  the  cantonment  on  Tongue  River,  M.  T.  (afterward  known  as  Ft. 

Keogh),  when-  he  remained  up  until  the  time  of  his  promotion  as  lieutenant  colonel  of  the 

Third  [nfantrj  (March  30,  1879),  when  he  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  Ft.  Missoula, 

M.  T.     Here  he  remained  until  his  final  promotion  to  the  colonelcy  of  his  old  regiment, 

the  Fifth  [nfantry,  al  Ft.  Keogh,  August  1.  1886,  at  which  place  he  is  now  serving. 

ROBERT  oi  YIN  (deceased),  late  banker  and  manufacturer  of  Carlisle,  was  a  native  of 
Cumberland  County,  born  at  CarlisleJune  11,  lsi<>,  son  of  James  and  Amelia  (Steele)  Givin, 
former  a  native  of  Coleraine,  Ireland,  and  the  latter  of  Cumberland  County,  Penn,  .lames 

Given  was  for  manv  years  a  dry  goods  merchant  of  Carlisle.  Our  subject  received  his  ed- 
ucation in  his  native  village,  and  January  13,  1841,  was  married  to  Mis^  Sarah  II.  Gibson, 
at  Romney,  W.  Va.,the  place  of  her  birth.  Her  parents  were  David  and  Eliza  (Armstrong) 
Gibson,  natives,  he  of  Winchester,  W.  Va.,  and  she  of  the  vicinity  of  Romney,  W. 
Va.  David  Gibson  was  a  merchant  and  farmer.  After  the  marriage  of  our  subject  and 
wife  they  moved  to  Mount  Holly  Springs,  in  Cumberland  Co..  Penn.,  where  Mr.  Givin, 
with  Others,  had  established  the  Mount  Holly  Paper  Mills,  of  which  company  he  was 
ii  from  its  organization  until  his  death,  which  occurred  February  9,  1ST'.),  ut  Car 

lisle,  to  which   point    he  had   previously    removed.      At  the  Organization    of    the    Fanners 

Bank,  Mr.  Givin  became  its  president,  and  remained  as  such  until  his  death.  The  chil 
a  to  Mr.  and  Mis.  Givin  were  David  Cribson  Givin,  who  died  w  hen  a  young  man; 
James  (deceased);  Samuel  G.  (deceased),  who  married  Miss  Ella  Mark:  Robert  II..  anil 
Amelia  S„  who  resides  with  her  mother.  Mr.  Givin  was  an  active,  energetic  businessman 
and  citizen,  always  taking  special  interest  in  anything  that  promised  progress  to  his  coun- 
ty. He  was  a  man  of  tie-  highest  honor,  enjoying  the  confidence  and  respect  of  all.  As 
a  friend,  neighbor  and  citizen  he  possessed  all  the  noblest  qualities.  His  widow  lives  in 
ant  residence  in  the  Farmers  Bank  building.  She  and  her  daughter  are  members 
of  the  Sec. .ml  Presbyterian  church. 

BENJAMIN*  K.  GOODYEAR,  deputy  clerk  and  recorder,  Carlisle,  is  a  native  of 
Cumberland  County,  born  in  Shippensburg  December  25,  1836,  a  son  of  David  and  Anna 
(Kenower)  Goodyear,  both  natives  of  South  Middlcton  Township.  Cumberland  County; 
former  a  pump  manufacturer,  who,  in  1840,  moved  to  Adams  County,  where  he  opened  a. 
hotel  at  Graeffenburg  Springs,  They  had  nine  children:  Mary  A  .  wife  of  Oliver  P.  Mel- 
horn,  an  engineer,  killed  at  Middlelown  by  an  explosion  in  lube  works;  Kegiiin  C,  mat 
ried  to  G  E  W.  Sharretts,  a  clerk  in  the  treasury  department  at  Washington,  D.  C,  since 
18f>6;  Benjamin  K. ;  Xaoma  •!..  married  Joseph  s.  Ewry,  a  business  man  of  Lafayette, 

lid   .   i   oreila   E.,  Widow  Oi  Jacob  Weigle,  who  was  a  blacksmith  and  machinist;  Cordelia 

I!  .  wife  ,.f  William  Wormlev,   a  merchant   of  Lafayette,    End.;   F.li/.a.  deceased;   Hadessa, 

William   Barber,  a  farmer  near  Martinsburg,  W.  Va.;  Henrietta  F.,  unmanned. 

and  residing  at  Shippensburg.     Benjamin  K.,  until  sixteen  years  of  age,  attended    cl I 

in  \  I  mi-  Con n i \  and  in  tie-  city  of  Lancaster;  then  spent  two  years  in  the  preparatory 
department  of  Franklin  and  Marshall  College,  Lancaster,  lie  then  began  the  study  of 
law  in  the  office  of  Stumbaugh  <$  Carlisle,  at  Chambersburg,  and  was  there  admitted  to 
tie  I. ir  in  1861.    Thai  same  year  he  went  to  Carlisle,  was  admitted  to  the  courts  ol  the 

County  in  November,  and  continued  practice   until  August,   1SIJ-J,  when  he  enlisted  as  a  prt 

aj  A.  one  Hundred  and  Twenty-sixth  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteer 
Infantry;  was  wounded  ai  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg,  Va..  Decembet  13,  1863,  by  a 
gunshot  in  the  rigid  shoulder,  which  caused  a  compound  fracture  of  the  clavicle.  He 
was  -cut  to  Point  Lookout  Hospital,  Maryland,  where  In-  remained  three  weeks,  and  was  two 
ospital,  Washington,  D.  C.  In  April,  1868,  he  was  mustered  out  of 
the  service  and  returned  to  Cumberland  County,  where  he  engaged  in  teaching  school 

until  the  springof  1864.      He  then  assisted  in  raising  Company  Q  of  the  Two  Hundred  and 

Regim  ml   I '<  ansylvania  Volunteer  Infantry,  in  which  he  enlisted  in  August,  1864 

(refusing  to  accept  a  commission),  and  remained  in  the  service  until  the  close  of  the  war. 
After  that  le   was  for  a  time  engaged  in  teaching  school  at  Shippensburg,  and  for  three 


376  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

Tears  acted  as  agent  for  the  Adams  Express  Company  at  that  place;  then  came  to  Carlisle, 
and  was  appoint  -d  deputy  sheriff  under  James  K.  Foreman,  serving  as  such  until  1874.  In 
that  year  he  moved  to  Pine  Grove  Fum.ee.  and  took  charge  of  ibe  company  *  store  for 
the  South  Mountain  Iron  Company,  where  he  remained  until  the  works  closed  in  Novem- 
i\,.r  of  that  vear-  then  located  in  Shippensburg,  and.  in  connection  with  his  brother-in- 

.,°;        Vli   mX   established,  h!' A r%i?  Cto M*  which  they  conducted  until 

1878.  when  Mr.  Goodyear  purchased  hu  partner's  interest,  and  some  two  months  later  d,s- 
posedofthepapertoAlonzoP.Orr.  From  January  1  1877.  until  January  I  1880,  Mr.  Good- 
yea-  aeted  as  deputy  to  D  H.  Gill,  then  sheriff  of  the  county;  at  the  expiration  of  which 
?"me  he  took  charge  of  the  Antietam  Iron  Works  near  Sharpshurg,  >U.  serving  in  that 
capacity  until  April  1,  1884.  He  next  took  charge  of  the  Codorous  Flint  Mill  in  \  ork 
County  until  September  15,  1884.  when  the  property  changed  hands  and  he  returned  to 
Carlisle  January  5.  1885,  he  was  appointed  deputy  clerk  and  recorder  under  John  Zinn, 
wbi  h  position  he  still  holds.  December  21,  1868.  Mr.  Goodyear  was  married  to >  Cece ha 
P  S.einman,  of  Shippensburg,  a  native  of  that  place  and  a  daughter  of  Adolphus  Stein- 
man.  The  children  of  our  subject  and  wife  are  William  A  Anna  M.  and  Oro  B  Mr 
Goodyear  is  a  member  of  Cumberland  Lodge,  No.  90  I.  0  0  F.,  of  Shippensburg.  and  a 
member  of  Capt.  Colwell  Post.  No.  201.  G.  A.  R.  Mrs.  Goodyear  is  a  member  of  the 
G  man  Reformed  Church  of  Shippensburg.  Our  subject  never  identified  himself  with 
any  Chuic  IAM  RITTENHOUSE  GORGAS,  now  of  Harrisburg    is  a  native   of 

Cumberland  County,  horn  on  the  homestead  in  Lower  Allen  Township,  May  8.  1806   a  son 
of  Hon.   Solomon  Gorgas.  a  native  of  Ephratah.  Lancaster  Co..  Penn    born  Jannaiy  2. 
1764,   the  eldest    of  three  sons  and   one   daughter,  viz.;     Solomon,  Jacob    .Joseph    and 
Maria,  who  married  Hon.  Charles  Gleiuvof  Lebanon  County.  Penn.     The  father  of  Hon. 
Solomon  Gorgas  was  Jacob  Gorgas.  a  native  of  Germantown,  Philadelphia  Co.,  renn., 
whose  father.  John  Gor,as.  emigrated  from  Holland  about  the  year  lWO.  and  located  at 
Germantown.     John  Gorgas  was  naturalized  by  an  act  of  the  Legislature  in  about  1708  or 
1709      Jacob  when  a  young  man  located  at  Ephratah, where  he  married  a  Miss  Ma.  k.  and 
to  them  were  horn  the  four  children  named  above.      He  was  a  clock-maker  and  farmer. 
Solomon    his  eldest  son,  who,  too,  was  a  watch  and  clock-maker,  w  s  married  to  .Miss 
C.tb -line   Fahnestock.  a  native  of  Chester  County.  Penn     and  to  them  were  born  four 
sons  and  three  daughters:    Daniel   P..  born  September  30.  1793.  died  January  17,  1848 
cTistfna,  born  July  27.  1791,  died  September 81.  1801;  Mary,  born  July  7.  1797^  married 
to  Peter  Bernhart,  and  died  June  17.  1875:   Sally,  born  January  19   1800   married  to  Sam- 
uel Bowman,  and  died  in  August.  1878;   William  R. ;   Joseph  M..  born  June  13   181)9  /nd 
died  May  13    1852;  and  Solomon  Perry,  born  August  31.  1815.  now  a  resident  of  Mechan- 
icsbur*       The  father,  in  1801,  removed  to  Cumberland  County,  locating  in  Lower  Allen 
Township,  and  kept  the  first  tavern  and  store  in  that  section  of  the  country       tie s  w as  a 
man  of  Sound  judgment,  and  was  practical,  being  self  made  and  self-educated.      In  18-1- 
23  he  served  as  a  member  of  the  Legislature  from  Cumberland  County,  being  a  Democrat 
in  politics       His  death  occurred  September  21.  18:18.  and  that  of  his  widow  August  y,  I85d. 
Both  were  identified  with  the  German    Seventh-day  Baptist  Church.      Our  subject  grew 
up  on  a  farm  and  worked  with  his  father  until  the  batter's  death,  obtaining  such  schooling 
as  the   neighborhood  afforded,  when  betook  charge  of  the  farm       B^lnn>YPrislaturl 
vear  1836  he  was  three  successive  times  elected  a  Democratic  member  of  the  Legislature 
from  Cumberland  County,  being  a  member  during  the  celebrated  "  Bucks ho   war.       In 
1842  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  State  Senate,  and  served  for  a  period  ot  three  years 
after  which  he  returned  t»  his  farm.      Mr.  Gorgas  was  one  of  the  ongma  !  members  and 
directors  of  the  Merkel.  Mumma  &  Co.   Bank,  which  became  a  State  Bank,  and  final  y 
the  present  First  National  Bank  of  Mechanicsburg    of  which  he  is  still  a  director ■     «nce 
1815   he  has  been  a  director  of  the   Harrisburg  National   Bank,  and  of  the  Harrisburg 
Bridge    Company.      He  is  a  director  of  the   Harrisburg  Market  Company  and  the  City 
Railway  Com  .any,  and  president  of  the  Harrisburg  Burial  Case  Company;  and  also  presi- 
dent of"  the  Allen  and  East  Pennsborough  Fire  Insurance  Company.      In  187,  Mr.  G orgas 
moved  to  Harrishurg,  and  in  1882  he  received  the  Democratic  nomination,  bv  his  party   n 
that. a. v.  as  their  representative  to  the  State  Legislature, and,  notwithstanding the  city 
was  Republican  by  a  majority  of  500.  he  was  only  defeated  by  eighty-eight  vote*   March 
5    1840.  Mr.  Gorgas  was  married  to  Miss  Elizabeth  Hummel,  of  Harrisburg.  a  native  of  that 
city,  and  a  daughter  of  D  .vid  and  Susan  (Kunkel)   Hummel,  and  to  this  union  have  been 
born  ci"bt  children:    David  H..  who  died  at  the  age  of  sixteen  years;  Kate  F.,  ™mf- 
ried"  Susan  K..  who  died  at  the  age  of  five  years;  William  L..  now  a  clerk  ,n   the  Ham 
burg  National  Bank;  Mary  E..  unmarried;  Solomon  R  a  ,>h.ys,c,an  and  surgeon   who  gradu- 
ated a.  Jefferso  i  Medieal  College,  and  was  resident  physician  at  the  Philadelphia   Hospi- 
tal eighteen  months;   ElizabathE.,  who  died  at  the  age  of  nine  years;  and  George,  a  drug- 
gist  of  Harrisbur"   and  a  graduate  of  the  College  of  Pharmacy.  Philadelphia. 
g       1 AMES      HUTCHINSON    GRAHAM.  LL.D.     The   subject   of   this   sketch  was   of 
Scotch-Irish  descent.     He  was  born  September  10,  1807,  on  ^P*^,^^*:*^!* 
his  great-grandfather  Jared  Graham,  by  Thomas  and  Richard  Penn,  in  1734.     James  ura 


BOROUGH  OF  CARLISLE.  377 

ham,  the  grandfather  of  James  II..  built  the  log  house  cm  the  site  of  which  the  latter 

a,  and  «iii'li  was  used  as  a  r.-fuge  against  the  Indians  by  the  earlj    settlers. 

James  Graham  had  live  sous:  Jared,  Tuomas,   Arthur,  Isaiah  (the  father  ol   James  H.) 

>.    i.i  mi  was  a  man  of  very  strong  mind,  a  1  -ading  politician  of  the 

Slate,  and  for  man}   years  a  ruling  elder  in   Big  Spring  Church.      He  was  elected  to 

ne  in  1811, and  re  elected.  Be  w  is  app  dated  associ  ite  judge  by  Gov.  Find lay  in 
1*17.  and  Slled  the  position  until  bis  death  in  1885.  James  Hutc  dnson  Gra  1am  n 
bis  preparatory  training  for  college  ai  Q  Ltysburg  Academy  uuder  Dr  McConaughy,  en- 
tered D  ege  as  a  member  of  the  junior  class  and  graduated  with  honor  in 
18.' i".  He  -  u  lie  I  law  wiih  An  Irew  Carothers,  Esq  .  then  lb  ■  lead  r  of  the  C  u  li-le  bar, 
and  was  admitted  to  practice  iu  November,  1839.  He  was  a  careful  and  laborious  student, 
patient  ami  painstakiug  in  his  investigation  of  questions,  and  lie  soon  acquired  a  large 
and  lucrative  practice.  In  1839  he  ivas  appointed  deputy  attorney-general  for  Cumberland 
Coumy  a  position  he  tilled  for  six  years,  declining  a  reappointment.  In  1850  hew  as  elected, 
on  the  Democratic  ticket,  president  judge  of  the  Ninth  Judicial  District  composed  of  the 
counties  of  Cumberland,  Perry  and  Juanita.  and  re  elected  for  a  second  term  in  i860  His 
on  the  bench  durum- a  period  of  great  political  exeilemenl  marked  him  as  one  of  the 
foremost  jurists  of  his  State.  In  18S2  Dickinson  College  conferred  on  him  Ihe  degree  of 
Do         of  Laws,  and  he  was  chosen  professor  of  law  in  thai  institution,  a  position  he 

1  .it  his  death   in  1883.    Ju  Ige  Grah  im  was  a  very  useful  man  in  the  community 
in  which  he  lived.     IK-  was   one   of  the      :    i        members  of  the  Second   Presh 
<  Ihurch  of  i  lai  lisle,  and  was  for  m  iny  \  ears  presid  int  of  its  b  lard  of  trustees.     He  was  a 

and  president  of  the  Carlisle  Deposit  Bank  until  his  elevation  to  the  bench,  and 
filled  many  trusts  with  scrupulous  lid  sliiy  an  I  honor.    The  hi^h  este  m  in  which  b    w  i 

the  bar  is  well  expressed  in  the  resolution  presented  by  Hon.  Lemuel  Todd  at  the 

bar  on  the  occassion  of  his  death:    "That  the  purity  and  consistency  of 

his  life  in  all  its  relations,  his  firm  and  conscientious  performance  of  all  personal,  pro- 

I  and  judicial  obligations,  and  bis  modest  and  unpretentious  conduel  and  deport- 
ment were  so  m  irked  an  I  real  as  to  cb  dlenge  an  I  poss  :ss  ihe  respe  t  and  esteem  of  tiie 
liar  and  all  who  were  associated  with  him  "  Judge  Graham  lefl  a  large  family  to  sur- 
vive him,  among  whom  are  Lieul  Samuel  L.Graham.  United  States  Navy,  Frank 
Qordon  Graham  of  ihe  Kansas  Cily  Times,  and  Duncan  M.  Graham,  Esq.,  of  the  Car- 
lisle bar. 

MARTIN  GUSWILER,  Carlisle,  collector  of  internal  revenue  for  the  Ninth  District, 
Pennsylvania  (residence  Mechanicsburg),  is  a  native  of  Cumberland  County,   born    in 

ic-burg,  December  31,  1846,  a  descendant  of  two  of  the  oldest  families  of  Cumber- 
land County,  and  of  the  Stale.  His  great-grandfather,  John  Guswiler,  immigrated  to 
America  from  Germany  at  an  early  day  and  sealed  at  Sidremanstown,  and  his  son,  John, 
a  farmer,  was  burn  in  Cumberland  County;  married  a  Miss  Rupp.  and  settled  near  Sidre- 
manstown. He  bad  two  sons.  John  and  Martin,  the  latter  of  whom  was  a  physician  and 
m  ir  ried  Miss  Marj  E  lerly,  to  whom  was  bom  one  son,  Van,  who  married  a  daughter  of 
Judge  Fisher,  of  York  County.     John  Guswiler,  father  of  the  subject  of  our  sketch,  was 

builder  in  Mecbanicsburg.  and  established  the  present  coach  and  carriage  "oiks 

ge  Schroeder  &  Sons,  of  that  place,  His  death  occurred  in  California,  in  1849  or 
1850,  while  prospecting.  His  wife  was  Miss  Elizabeth  Singiser,  of  Mecbanicsburg,  daugh- 
ter of  George  ami  Mary  (Halbert)  Singiser.  To  them  were  born  three  sons,  two  of  whom 
died  young.  After  the  death  of  Mr.  Guswiler.  the  widow  married  Maj.  Samuel  B.  King, 
of  Mecbanicsburg,  late  of  the  firm  of  Miller  &  Ivine;,  manufacturers  of  sashes  and  doors. 
Our  subject,  Who  was  about  live  years  ol  age  at  the  lime  of  his  father's  death,  was  Schooled 
in  the  place  of  his  nativity,  graduating  at  the  high  school  when  nineteen,  and  soon  there- 
after was  engaged  in  a  cigar  m  inufactory  in  the  same  place,  which  claimed  bis  attention 
until  1863.  lu  tb  it  j  ear  be  enlisted  as  a  private  in  Company  D,  Due  Hundred  and  Twen- 
tieth Regiment  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  under  Capt.  Singiser.  He  "as  made  sergeant  of 
i  ved  wnb  the  command  until  the  expiration  of  bis  term  of  service  in 
1IS61.  when  be  returned  to  Mecbanicsburg  and  resumed  bis  formei  business,  which  be  fol- 
lowed until  1876,  when  be  was  elected  register  of  deeds  by  the  people  of  Cumberland 

carrying  bis  tow  n  by  over  a  hundred  majoriiy,  notwithstanding  he  was  a  Demo- 
crat. This  position  be  retained  three  years  and  returned  to  Mechanicsburg,  where  lie  was 
.engaged  in  the  wholesale  tobacco  business  until  January.  188.5,  when  he  became  deputy 
sheriff  of  Cumberland  County,  under  George  15.  Eyster,  and  served  as  such  until  July  I, 
a-  appointed  collector  of  internal  revenue  lor  the  Ninth  Disi  ricl  of  Penn- 
sylvania, which  position  he  still  retains.  Mr.  Guswil  r  was  three  successive  times  elected 
to  the  off)  e  of  chief  burgess  of  Mechanicsburg,  notwithstanding  the  fact  that  it  is  Repub- 
lican: be  also  held  tl  councilman  and  ju  Ige  of  elections.     His  marriage  with 

M  --  Eliza  M.  Allen  k  place  at  Mechanicsburg.  in   November,  i860.     Sue  was  a  native 

of  Newberry,  5fork  County  a  daughter  of  Michael  and  Margaret  (Eply)  Allen,  natives  of 
Fork  County,  and  residents  of  Mechanicsburg  (the  father  a  retired  shoe  manufacturer). 
To  our  subject  and  wife  live  sons  have  been  born:  George  M..  John,  Martin.  Jr.,  Frank  B. 
and   Mervin.     Mr.   Guswiler  is  an  active  and  energetic  business  man,  and  has  the  couti- 


b78  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES : 


member  of  the  bar,  is  a  .1  set  n.l.uit    i     i  .   i     . dfatl        Adam  Hays,  was  a  descend- 
most  prominent  in  the  State.     Hi.sp.itd n-'i.-."       -     '  '     ,      j        •     d  wh0  became 

of  United  States   Judge  Taney     her  second  husband  « ^^^4/X.  Eleanor  B? 

land  County  in  1745,  when  he  was  but  a  yea    oW      C ol  Epl  ™  K- , ™  w£  ^ 

man  and  served  his  county  and  eountiy.     ue^vas  a  menu  a  Revolution  was  deputy 

and  was  sheriff  of  Cumbe. lam   County    ^1     and  dunng  }he  ^luUon  ^^P     Jf 
commissary-general  with  the  rank  of    o  one       Mr.  ana  mrs  J      83g      Th       had 

the  Presbyterian  Church.     He died  April  29,  18..4    «»^    * ;        h     ^^ 

te«.»n,l  ..*  in.t.npienU.  in  lire  — «     "'    '  '  iS       ,;     J  i   Hav.  5  .  niembo 

of  Joseph  Beetem   of  Carlisle,  Jac.  o .  Cai  lisle    '  ;[  -'-        h  ked  on  hU  father's 

nah  (unmarried),  of  Carl. le Jacob ^Sy  given  "farmers'   sons.     January  33; 
farm,  and  received  «u eh  sclio<)li   fe  as    s    t  >  "  0f  Cumberland  County,  and  a 

3^£^!&}Z3iEr^^£&W  -ttlers  of  the  same  county. 


BOROUGH   OF  I'AKUSl.K.  379 

Our  Bubjecl  was  engaged  in  farming  until  l*<is.  when  be  opened  a  general  Btore  al  Mount 
llulh  Springs,  and,  in  1870,  was  elected  auditor  of  Cumberland  County,     In  1872  he  re 

turned  to  his  farm,  and  there  remained,  when  be  again  re ved  to  Carlisle,  and  i 

in  merchant  tailoring  and  general  mercantile  business,  in  connection  with  real  estate  and 
auctioneering;  the  mercantile  business  he  closed  out  in  1881,  and  to  the  other  department 
added  fire  insurance.  In  1884  he  was  elected  treasurer  ol  Cumberland  County,  To  Mr, 
and  Mrs.  Bemminger  have  hem  born  four  children:  Sarah  B.,  Wilmer  A.,  Charles  I'  and 
John  li  The  parents  are  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church.  Mr.  Hemminger  is  a  mem- 
bi  i  ol  the  K   of  1'. 

GEORGE  HEMMINGER,  M.  I',  physician  and  surgeon,  Carlisle,  is  a  native  of  Cum- 
berland County,   Penn.,  born  On  his  father's  farm  two  and  one  half  miles  west  of  Carlisle. 

Beptember8,  1840  His  parents  were  John  and  Eliza  (Heagy)  Hemminger,  the  latter  , a 
daughter  of -John  and  Kli/a  Heagy,  John  Hemminger  was  also  the  name  of  the  grand- 
father of  the  Doctor,  and  for  his  history,  with  that  Of  his  son  John  and  family,  the  reader 

is  refernal  to  the  sketch  of  Jacob  Hemminger.  Our  subject  grew  up  on  the  farm,  and  re- 
ceived the  rudiments  id' an  education  in  the  neighborhood  schools.     In  1861  he  entered 

l'enns\  Ivania  College  as  a  freshman,  and  one  \  ear  later  passed  examination  for  the  sopho- 

more  da--.  In  August,  1882,  he.  in  company  with  seven  of  hi-  classmates,  went  to  liar- 
risburg,  where,  on  the  16th  of  that  month,  the}  enlisted  in  Company  li.  One  Hundred 
and  Thirtj  eighth  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers  George  was  assigned  to  the  Mid- 
nme  nt  with  duty  at  the  Relay  House,  Maryland,  where  he  remained  until  June  Hi, 
1868.  He  was  in  the  Second  Brigade,  Third  Division  and  Corps  (in  June),  escorting  stores 
to  Washington,  D.  C.  From  the  1st  to  the  5th  of  July  he  was  at  Wnppinir  Heiirhts.  Va.; 
Julj   '.':!.  he  was  at  Kelly's   Ford;  November   T.    at    Brandy   Station;  November  H,  at  Mini 

Hun;    from  November  26  to  December  2,  at  Locust  Grove.    In  March.  1864,  he  was  in  the 

Sixth    Corps,     same   brigade    and   division;     .May    ~i  and    7    he    was   at     the   battle    of   the 

Wilderness;  at  Spottsylvania,  from  the  12th  to  the  19th  of  May;  Cold  Harbor,  1st  to  3d 
of  June;  at  the  Trenches,  Bermuda  Hundred.  June  IT;  destruction  of  the  Weldon  Hail 
road  June  -JO,  23;  Monocacy,  Md.,  July  U;  February  IT.  1865,  in  prison  at  Danville; 
next  io  Libby  prison,  Richmond,  until  March  25,  when  paroled  and  returned  to  the  regi- 
ment April  in.  lb-  linn  marched  to  Danville,  and  thence  with  the  army  of  Gen.  Sher- 
man to  Washington,  D.  ('..  when-  In-  was  in  the  grand  review  June  8,  1865.  Returning 
to  Carlisle,  he  entered  Dickinson  College,  where  he  pursued  his  studies  one  year;  then 
nad  medicine  under  Dr.  J.  .1,  Gitzer;  later  he  passed  one  term  in  the  medical  department 
of  tin-  University   at  Ann  Arbor,    Mich.,    and   entered   the  College   of   Medicine  at  Detroit, 

Mich  .  from  which  institution  he  was  graduated  in  1869.    After  his  graduation  he  located 

al  Xewville.  and  there  practiced  his  profession  six  years.  From  there  he  went  to  the  city 
of  Baltimore,  Mil.,  and  formed  a  partnership  with  hi--  old  preceptor,  Dr.  J.  J.  Gitzer, 
with  whom  he  remained  until  the  fall  of  lgTo.  when  he  returned  to  Carlisle,  and  has  here 
since  been  actively  ctiiraired  in  the  practice  of  medicine.  February  11,  [*T1  the  Doctor 
married   Mi--   Annie    Powell,  a   native  of   Maryland,    a   daughter  of    Col.    Samuel  R.    and 

Kelly)  Powell,  of  Baltimore.    To  Dr.  Hemminger  and  wife  one  son,  G ge  I: 

was  born  at  Xewville,  Cumberland  Co.,  Penn.,  April  25,1872,     Dr.   Hemminger  stands 

high  a-  a  physician  and  a  citizen.     He  was  a  member  of  the  Cumberland  County  Medical 

He  i-  a  member  of  the  A.  V.  &  A.  M. 

HON.  ROBERTM.  HENDERSON,  was  born  March   11.   1827.   in   the  same  house 

when-  his  father  was  horn,  on   what  is   now   known    as  the   McDowell  or  Miller  farm,  one 

mile  east  of  Carlisle,  Penn.  In  1832  bis  parents  moved  to  the  old  farm  mi  which  his  fa- 
ther -till  reside-,  a  part  of  which  is  now  in  the  borough  of  Carlisle.    Our  subject  worked 

on  In-  father's  farm,  and  was  one  of  the  first  to  graduate  in  1838   from  the  high    school  of 

Carlisle  under  the  present  common  scl 1  system.     In  1845  he  graduated  from  Dickinson 

College,  studied  law  with  Hon.  John  Reed,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  August  35,  1847, 
and  ai  oi  practice  of  his  profession  in  Carlisle.     In  1*">I  he  was  elected,  in 

the  Whigs  of  Cumberland  County,  a  member  of  the   Pennsylvania   Legislature,   and  re 

D  1852.  lie  wa-  appointed  additional  law  judge  of  the  Twelfth  Judical  District 
of  Pennsylvania,  in  April.  1874,  and  wa-  elected  to  the  same  office  without  opposition,  in 

ei  of  ne  -one  year  January  1,1882,  he  became  president  judge  of  the  dis- 
trict, 1-  !  he  resigned  this  position  and  resumed  the  practice  of  law  in  Car- 
lisle. At  tin-  outbreak  of  the  Rebellion  he  raised  Company  A,  Seventh  Pennsylvania  In- 
fantry Volunteer  Reserves,  and  wa-  elected  and  commissioned  captain  of  this  company, 
April  21,  1861.  lie  served  through  the  Peninsular  Campaign,  and  waswounded  in  the 
left  shoulder  by  a  rninie  hall,  at  Charles  City  Cross  I  load-.  Va.,  June  80,  1862,   Julj   I,  1868 

he  wa-  promoted  lieutenant  colonel  of  the  Seventh  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Infantry  Vol- 
unteer I:  returned  with  his  regiment  from  the  Peninsula,  when  the  reserves 
joined  theArmj  oi  Northern  Virginia  under  Gen.  Pope.  The  regiment  remained  with 
that  command  d  in  the  second  battle  of  Bull  Run.  and  during  the  battle,  on 
the  eve  of  August  30,  1862,  while  makings  charge,  Col.  Henderson  wa-  shot    ihrough 

with  a  min  ie  hall,  and  carried  from  the  field.  He  rejoined  hi-  eon  mi  a  ml  January 
2,  1863,  at  Belle  Plain,  and  remained  with  his  regiment  until  May  1.  1863,  when  he  was 


380  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

appointed  provost-marshal  of  the  Nineteenth  District  of  ^"^IB^BM  to  wb."^ 
Congress,  and  held  that  position  until  the  close  oi  be  war.  Mm  I  13.  s  •.  lew.  s  n  ae 
tovct  colonel  and  breve/  brigadier-general  for  services  and  ga 1  ant, n  Ik  P. hui su  din- 
ing the  seven  days  fights  and  nt  the  second  Bull  Run.     Judge  Hen   ..son,   a  ' "er 

S^SS&'oTlS  Jud,e.  was  bora  WJJo   andisstill  living  at  g.  a  -need 

Perry  County,  where  he.,  her    near  Gi •  n  i|f  ™r        Cumberland  County,  a 

SSiSSTof  *A?  ^and18  £aS  (WlitflSr!   Scotch  Presbyterians  and  eariy 

Set,1mnrP 'MARTIN  CARMAN    attorney  at  law.   Carlisle,   was  born  on  the  old 

■p,.hn.-irv  14  1841  This  farm  was  purchased  in  lnl.  by  Ins  gnat  gt  anuiainei,  mi  it  u 
Herm'n  wh«  was  born  in  Germany,  and  when  a  young  man  innungratei hotag^ 
^„  „  iii.il  ..l.li.iii-v  in  1754  where  lie  remained  a  few  years;  then  moved  to  Lancaster 
^,mvPrawClm.:r'  Miss  Anna  Dorothea  Boerst,  and  engaged  »>  farming  unlil 
177  i>™  b e'pu  asco  the  old  farm  in  Silver  Spring  Townsh.p  th  s  county  where  he 
d  ed  in    804.  aged  seventy-two  years.     He  and  his  wife  members  o    the _Lu tkeran  Chi  rcU, 

S.  "•',„„;,„  he .      1 -of  Germantown,   passed    through  the   trials  and   suf- 

ferii U  at  V  IW  Fo  t  and  participated  in  the  important  engagements  of  this  teancUof 
the  C,a„ ,  ti  Vinv u  i  i"  the  -lege  of  Yorkiown.  being  present  at  the  surrender  ot  Coin- 
tb^'  .    ;   ,-h  ■    Viss  Ei^tb'h  Bowers    of  York  County.  Penn.,  in  1793.     They  were 

W       t  ,.  n in,'    T   .  I,.  C u  'eh    I.  ad  a  family  of  eleven  children,  eight  of  whom  lived  to 

members  o    the  Lulli i  at  iC  h.i  . id       am   . yoi  Christian  and 

tian  H-rman.  and  died  May  22,  1872.  He  married  m  February  1827,  Miss  h lizab,  »  »' 
ford  who  was  born  in  1802,  in  York  County,  Penn..  a  daughter  of  the  Hon  Peter  ana 
V  l/'.heib  fAlbertl  W-.lford  former  of  whom  was  a  prominent  man  of  York  County, 
PP,m « ^TOT-nted  that  county  in  the  Legislature.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Martm  Herman 
^me^^of^eLutherat.C.n.reJ  She idled  July  30.  1852  They  had  su ^children. 
Marmiret  wife  of  Ezra  M.  Myers,  of  Adams  County.  Penn.;  Margery  A..,  wile  ot  trie jxev. 
A \V  1  llv  of  York  York  Co.,  Penn.;  Mary  J.,  wife  of  Crawford  Fleming,  of  Carlisle, 
P  Wolf  d  a  famer  who  owns  and  esides  on  the  old  farm  in  Silver  Spring  Township. 
this  r  -  Mi    i     C     our  subject:  and  David  B.,  born  December  29,  1844,  killed  by 

ho^Ind^^^ 


iw.atilp  Indians  on  the  North  F  al  e  ttiver,  iNeo..  nia\  ou  iu.u.  ».  ui  >..  »^  ,  ...  j  •  Tt!R7 
n  HI  r  h  I  1  was  a  member  of  the  Cumberland  County  bar.  admitted  in  1867 
Tud  e  Mar  it  C  erman  ur  subject  worked  on  the  old  farm  with  his  father,  and 
I  nded Isc  old,, rin"  hewi,  ters.  un.il  the  age  of  sixteen.  He  t  en  entered  the  academy 
n  V  1  IV  t  r's  led  over  by  George  W.  R.ibv,  and  remained  there  until  the  close  of 
?hPT summer  term  of 858 Ho  then  entered  the  freshman  class  of  Dickinson  Co  lege,  in 
s.i,  ml,  1858  from  which  i.e  graduate.l  June  26.  1862.  In  his  junior  year  at  ttiu  instl- 
be|  temlx  l.  lHOB.  t""  '"  '  ',  V  „...,,,„.,.  at  tue  junior  prize  contest,  and  on  June  24, 
l"!'"",  elivelvd  n-even  ty  I  n  n  vSrv  YddreTof  the  Belles-Let.res  Society  but 
^■i  r  o  has  ha  lanuarv  1862  he  registered  u  a  law  student  in  the  office  of.B.  Mcln.ire 
K  I,'  '.  an. y.  Penn.      In  April.  1863,  he  transferred  his  registry  as 

fsu  dent  of  law  to  William  if.  Miller,  of  Carlisle;  studied  law  with  him,  and  was  adm led 

August?  1884     He  was  married  June  5,  1873,  to  Miss  Josie  Adair,  a  native  of  Cumberland 


BOROUGH   OF  CARLISLE.  381 

I  a   liter  of  8.  Dunlap  Adair  (deceased),  at  one  time  a  brilliant 

1  i  land  (  lount)  bar,  and  w  ho  mai  pied  Miss  Benriei 

daughter  of  John  Gray,  of  Carlisle      Mr   and    Mrs    Herman   have  four  children:    Adair, 
la  G.,  Joseph  B,    and   Bessie    II.     .Mrs.    Berman    is   a  memher  of     St.   John's 
!  il  Church,  and  the  Judge  is  one  of  the  vestrymen.     He  is  not  only  a  repi 

one  of  the  oldest  and  best  families  of  Cumberland  County,  with  which  he  has  been 
identified  all  his  life,  but  is  one  of  tl  men,  standing  at  the  head  of  his  profes 

Bion,  and  having  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  all, 

ALFRED  J.  II 101  J.MAN.  M.  D  .  physician  and  surgeon,  Carlisle,  was  horn  near  Potta- 
erj  Co.,  Penn.,  in  May.  1815,  a  son  of  Frederick  L.  and  Mary  (Pite)  Her 
man;  former  a  nam,  o(  Germany,  latter  of  New  Jersey.  Frederick  L.,  when  a  young 
man,  was  sent  to  America  as  a  missionary  ol  the  Reformed  Church,  of  which  he  .  ■ 
minister.  Bight  sons  and  five  daughters  were  horn  to  Frederick  I,,  and  Marj  Herman, 
Alfred  J.  being  next  to  the  youngest  son.  Our  subject,  until  sixteen  years  of  age,  at- 
tended the  college  at  Pottstown,  which  had  been  established  by  his  father  for  the  educa 
tion  of  young  men  for  the  ministry;  then  began  the  study  or  medicine  with  Dr.  David 
of  Pottstown,  who,  a  i  and  a  half  later,  received  a  professorship  at  Chi- 

cago, and  \  oung  Herman  then  accepted  a  partnership  with  Dr.  Slemm.a  physician  of  Kutz- 
town,  Berks  County,  Penn.,  and  in  1846  was  graduated  from  the  University  of  Medicine  at 
Philadelphia  He  practiced  medicine  in  connection  with  his  partner  at  Kutztown  until 
the  fall  o I  1846,  when  he  settled  in  Middlesex,  Cumberland  County,  where  he  remained 
Borne  four  years;  then  located  at  8terrett's  Gap  with  the  intention  of  establishing  a  hydro 
pathic  institution,  but  was  kept  too  busy  with  his  patients.  In  1852  he  located  in  Carlisle, 
where  he  has  since  followed  his  profession.  At  the  organization  of  the  Cumberland 
County  Medical  Society,  Dr.  Herman  took  an  active  part,  and  has  since  taken  n  deep  iu- 

i  its  su, as.     He  has  served  as  its  resident  physician,  and  otherwise  officiated  in 

In  January,  1886,  he  was  elected  an  honorary  member  of  the  society.     He 
member  of  the  State  Medical  Society  of  Pennsj  Ivania,  and  a  life  member  of  the 

American  .Medical  Association,  to  the  latter  of  which  he  lias  been  three  times  a  dt  li te 

Dr.  Herman  stands  high  as  a  physician,  and  has  enjoyed  an  extensive  practice.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Reformed  I  hurt  h. 

CHRISTIAN  PHILIP  HUMRICH,  attorney.  Carlisle,  was  bom  in  that  place  March 
!).  1881    i  ohn  Adams  and  Mary  Ann  (Zeigler)  Humrich.    The  former  was  born 

in  Lancaster  City,  and  the  latter  in  Montgomery  County,  this  State.     John  \    wasason 
■>  Humrich,  a  native  of  the  Palatinate,  in  Germany,  who  came  in  America  about 
naturalized  in  Lancaster  County,  Penn..  on  June  II.  1802.      He  was  a  sad- 
em.     He  married  in  Lancaster  City,  and  moved  to  Cumberland  Count}  in 
1807,  where  he  opened  a  hotel  mow  the  Pennsylvania  Inn;  then  the  "Black  Bear"),  which 
he  kept  over  thirty  years.    His  death  occurred  in  Carlisle  in  1842,  at  the  age  of  ninety-four 
Ills  children  wire  Philip,  Maria.  John,  Catharine  and  John  Adams.    The  last,  too, 
t-roakerby  trade  and.  later  in  life,  farmed.    He  died  in  February 
.i  -     John  Adams  and  wife  had  foursons:  Christian  Philip  John  A., 
Samuel  K   and  w  illiam  A.    John  died  in  is;;y     ,\ll  the  rest  are  living  in  Carlisle.    The 
.'.ere  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church.     Christian  P.  attended  the  flrst  common 

t"'1 1  in  (  arlisle  (opening  August   13,  1886),  and  at  the  age  of  sixteen  years  at 

Dickinson  College,  graduating  in  1852.  He  then  began  the  study  of  law  with  Judge  Rob 
ert  M.  Henderson,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  November  1 1.  1854,  since  which  time  he 

'  the  practice  Of   law.      He   has    been    twice  nominated  district 

attorney  by  the  Republican  party,  also  received  the  nomination  for  Representative,  but 
that  partj  being  in  the  minority.- was  defeated  at  the  election.  He  has  served  as  school 
director  since  is"'7.  and  has  been  secretary  of  the  Bchool  hoard  since  i860  May  12  1859 
Mr.  Hun  rried  I  t  Miss  Amanda  R.  Zeigler,  a-native  of  Cumberland  i 

ol  Jesse  and  Mary  (A.  Peffer)  Zeigler,  old  settlers  of  that  county.    To  our 
hi   In  n   Bix  of  w  hom  are  living  namely:  Charles 
F.,  insurance  agent,  Carlisle;  Ellen  K..  Carrie  A..  Blanch  Z..  Mary  A.  and  Christian  P 
•'■'■     I  he  parents  are  members  of  the  L  itheran  Church.    In  politics  Mr.  Humrich  was  flrst 
an  old-line  \\  hig,  and  on  the  organization  of  the  Republican  pari  \ .  espousi  dits  principles 
"  '       tpp" 
ADAM  KKI.I.KK   cashier  of  the  Carlisle  Deposit  Bank,  Carlisle,  was  born  in  Phila- 
ol   Adam  and  Mary  (Loller)  Keller,  natives  of  Phil adel 
phia.     II  rom  the  Central  High  School  of  that  city  in  1861    and  entered  as  a 

clerk,  in  Philadelphia,  in  a  notary's  office,  where  he  rem  lined  until  the  spring  of  1862, 
when  he  engaged  in  mercantile  trade  ai  Harrisb  irg  until  1865,  in  which  year  be  entered 
the  law  office  of  Col.  William  M.  Penrose,  at  Carlisle,  and  w  a  admitted  to  the  bar  of 
Cumberland  County.  He  engaged  in  th  practice  ol  law  until  1869,  when  he  was  elected 
cashier  ot  Hie  Second  National  Bank  at  Mechaniesburg,  In  February,  1877,  he  was  elected 
cashierof  the  Carlisle  Deposit  Bank,  of  Carlisle,  which  posi'ion  he  has  filled  an  I  con- 
tinues to  till,  to  the  tin-sent  tine.,  to  the  satisfaction  of  all.  He  married  ai  Carlisle,  Penn., 
December!),  1869,  Miss  Catherine  Wilkins Stevenson,  who  was  horn  in  Carlisle,  a  daugh- 


382  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

ter  of  Dr  Thomas  Collins  and  Eliza  (Duncan)  Stevenson.     Dr.  Thomas  Collins  Bterawn, 

Oar lisle      He  is  treasurer   of  the  parish   and   a  vestryman.     He  and  his  wife  have  had 

son    Thomas  Collins   Stevenson  Keller,    born   July   2.    1884,    who   is  living.     Mr.   seller 
Stands  hi« h  in i  °li estimation  of  all  as  a  strict  businessman  and  an  upright  gentleman. 

STEPHEN  BARNETT  KIEFFER,  A.  BL,  M.  D.,  Carlise.  was  born  in  Franklin  Coun- 
ty Penn  and  spent  the  earlier  part  of  his  life  on  his  father's  farm  He  comes  of  a  tae  of 
anoest . rs <  atim  back  through  live  generations,  descending  from  A  .ram  Kiefier,  a  French 
Hugue  ot  m  S  aslu.rg."  He  entered  Marshall  College  as  a  student  in  1844  and  grad- 
u?  with  ho  or  in  184ff  He  subsequently  read  medicine  ;n  Mercersburg  Penn  and 
mduated  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1851,  after  which  he  immediately  ocated, 
for  the  onto  ice  of  is  profession,  in  Carlisle.  Since  that  time  he  has  devoted  all  his  en- 
tries to his profession  in  which  he  takes  a  sincere  interest.  In  his  professional  life  Dr 
Kuffe.  co  nl'i ne  1  both  medicine  and  surgery,  and  as  a  surgeon  he  has  made  some  of  the 
most  inheres  "mid  difficult  operations  in  this  portion  of  Pennsylvania.  Dr.  Kiefier  was 
n^nomwt  he  degree  of  A.  M.  by  his  alma  mater  in  due  course  of  time;  was  president 
o Mhe  M  ical So  c  H  -of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania;  is  a  member  of  the  American  Medi- 
calAssoc  Urn,  ml  was  a  member  of  the  International  Medical  Convention  in  876. 
Principally  inhi* "life,  he  feels  honored  in  having  been  largely  instrumental  together, 
esDe  c  id  with  Dr.  R  I,  Sibbet,  in  inaugurating  the  national  movement,  which  has  re- 
sulted i  .'he  establishment  of  the  American  Academy  of  Medicine,  the  grandest  medical 
ass,!  ■  t  o.  of  the  United  States.  Besides,  Dr.  Kieffer  has  contributed  frequently  to  the 
kad  it  medical  iouraals,  both  in  the  interest  of  medicine  and  surgery.  He  has  frequently 
del  ve?ed  oratfons  before  various  medical  associations.,  and  a  t™Je™*&™'^*? 
his  atom  mater  to  deliver  the  address  before  the  alumni  of  Franklin  and  Mai  shall  College, 
whe  e  taki.  "  for  is  subject.  "The  Relations  of  Science  and  Faith,"  he  made.a  masterly 
nhilosonhic  r  oration  Large-hearted,  sympathetic  with  suffering,  social  ia  instinct,  he 
Fs  p01mLr  as  a  Sn,  and  fs,  undoubtedly,  one  of  the  real  leaders  of  his  profession  in 

Pennsylvania.  Ig  CarlisleiWas  born  0n  his  father's  farm  in  Upper  Allen  Township 

one  South  o? Mechanicsburg.  August  21,  1841.  He  worked  on  the  torn  and  attended 
school  until  he  was  seventeen,  when  he  began  teaching,  and  taught  i  n\  oik and  t  umher 
land  Counties  rive  sessions;  then  entered  the  select  school  of  Prof.  S  B.  Heiges.  vvh, ene 
romoleted  his  studies  In  April,  I860,  he  began  the  study  of  medicine  with  Dr.  R^H. 
Lone  of  Median  curg,  with  whom  he  remained  until  August,  1862.  when  he  enlisted  as 
anrfvate  nC  mpaiiv  F  One  Hundred  and  Thirtieth  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteer 
n  v   and  was  ater  made  a  corporal.     He  participated  in  the  battles  of  Antietam  and 

Fredericksln  W  and  in  the  latter  received  a  shell  wound  in  the  neck  and  shoulder.  He 
was  sent  to  Point  Lookout  Hospital.  Maryland,  and  on  February  12,  1863,  was  discharged 
Tor  dtsa  l.iity  when  he  returned  home.  Subsequently  he  assisted  in  raising  Company  A 
Two  Hundred  and  Ninth  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry,  of  which  company 
hp  was  made  caniain  in  September,  1864.  serving  as  such  until  the  close  ot  the  war. 
From  Se  ember  2  nitil  November  24,  1864,  he  was  in  command  of  Redoubt  Carpenter 
mr  Uie  Be  i  la  Hundred  front,  on  the  south  hank  of  the  James  River  His  regiment 
was -next  stationed  in  front  of  Petersburg,  at  Meade  Station.  He  participated  in. the 
battles  of  Fo  Steadman  March  25  1KB5.  and  Petersburg  April  2  1865  besides  various 
skimishes  and  was  mustered  out  with  his  regiment  May  31.  ISO*,  and  returned  to  his 
home  in  Merhauicshurg.  In  1866  Capt.  Landis  was  appointed  military  instructor  for  the 
We  la  Soldiers'  Orphan  School,  and  in  April.  1867,reeeived  the  appointment  of  deputy 
collector  interna  revenue  for  the  Fifteenth  District  of  Pennsylvania,  which  be  resigned 
September  30,  1876,  to  enter  the  Carlisle  Deposit.  Bank,  accepting  the  position l  of  cashier 
This  position  he  held  until  February,  1877.  when  he  resigned  on  account  of  impaired 
beam  ad  after  a  year's  rest  began  the  study  of  law  in  the  office  of  John  Hays.  Esq.  of 
Car  Isle  n  881  1  e  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  and  has  since  been  actively  engaged  in  the 
wSctice  of  his  profession.  The  Captain  was  elected  treasurer  of  the  Carlisle  Gas  & 
Water  Crmipany  July  1,  1882,  and  has  been  a  member  of  the  town  council  since  the  spring 
of  1881  On  June  9  1870,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Barbara  H.  Merkel  a  daughter  of  Horn 
T  Ivi  ,nd  S,  sain  1.  Mart  iv)  Merkel.  former  of  whom  was  a  banker  of  Mechanicsburg  and 
^SSWttiSSStFtat  National  Bank  there.  To  our  subject  and  wife  have 
been  bn  four  sons  and  two  .laughters:  Victor  (who  died  in  infancy)  Norman  .Merkel, 
Naomi  Olive  and  Kenneth.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Landis  are  members  of  the  First  Presbyterian 
ChZh  in  which  be  is  an  elder  and  trustee.  The  father  of  Capt.  Landis  was  Jacob 
Land  a  naUve  of  York  County,  a  farmer  and  niill-wright,  who  married  Miss  MaryMoh- 
lPr  of'  Cumberland  County,  a  daughter  of  Daniel  Mohler,  of  Lancaster  County.  Capt 
Landis  has  the  following  bro.hers\nd  sisters;  Anna,  wife  of  George  Brmdle,  a  retired 


BOROrtUI    OF   CARLISLE.  lis;! 

farmer  of  Franklin  County;  Daniel,  minister  and  farmer  of  Fork  County;  Mary,  the  wife 
of  John  Senseman,  farmer  ol  Cumberland  County;  Leah,  wife  of  John  Knisely,  farmer  in 
Upper  Allen  Township;  David,  a  contractor  and  build  r  of  Huntington,  Penn.;  Philip,  a 
fanner  of  Osborne,  Kas  .  ami  Susan,  wife  of  Andrew  Knoderer,  a  farmer  of  Upper  Allen 
Township, 

ALBKRT  ALLAN  LINK,  residence  Carlisle,  was  horn  in  Dickinson  Township,  this 
county  a1. ..m  tivemilcs  wesl  of  Carlisle.  Januarj  30,  1850,  a  son  of  Emanuel  and  Cathe- 
rine (Myers)  Line,  the  former  born  in  Dickinson  Township,  this  county,  and  the  latter  at 
Rosarille  York  County,  Penn.  Emanuel  Line  was  a  sod  of  Emanuel,  Sr.,  and  Elizabeth 
(Myers)  Line,  both  natives  of  Cumberland  Count  v.    Our  suhject  is  the  youngest  of  three 

children,  and  the  miK  surviving  on.',      lie  married  den, her  1'.'.  lS?(i,  Miss'Man   L.  Johnson, 

a  daughter  of  Samuel  A    Johnson  of  Philadelphia,  Penn.     Mrs.  Line  died  December25, 

1ST7.  Mr.  Line's  family  is  of  Swiss  origin,  having  immigrated  to  America  and  settled  in 
Lancaster  County,  Penn..  at  a  very  early  date,  He  is  superintendent  of  the  First  Luthe- 
ran Church  Sun,  lay  school  at  Carlisle,  secretary  of  the  Cumberland  County  Sunday  school 
Association,  secretary  of  the  Cumberland  County  Temperance  Alliance,  director  of  the 
Fanners'  Bank,  Carlisle  and  a  member  of  the  directors  of  the  Carlisle  School  Board,  in- 
structor at  Mountain  Lake  Park.  Maryland  Summer  School  Amateur  Photography,  lie  is 
also  a  member  of  the  board  of  managers  for  thcY.  M.  C.  A.,  Carlisle,  and  chairman  of 
committee  on  boys'  work,   1    m.  C.  A. 

WILLIAM  11  LONGSDORF,  M.  D.,  Carlisle,  was  born  in  Cumberland  County 
Penn..  March  34,  ISM.  Hi,  grandfather.  Henry  Longsdorf,  was  a  native  of  Germany] 
and  in  an  early  da)  eame  to  Cumberland  County,  where  he  purchased  land  from  William 
Penn,  and  located  two  miles  west  of  Mcchanicsliurg.  Adam,  a  son  of  Henry,  was  born 
on  this  land  in  Silver  Spring  Township,  ami  was  occupied  as  a  farmer;  scrved'three  years 
as  sheriff  of  the  county  from  1844,  and  died  the  year  following.  lie  married  Mary  Sense- 
man,  born  in  Cumberland  County,  her  parents  having  removed  thither  from  Lancaster 
County,  and  to  this  union  were  born  four  sons  and  three  daughters,  William  11.  being  the 
fourth  child  and  only  one  now  living.  Our  suhject  lived  on  the  old  homestead  until  fif- 
teen years  of  age,  saving  a  residence  of  about  live  years  in  Carlisle,  during  his  father's 
b  mi  of  service  as  sheriff.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  years  he  entered  Dickinson  College,  where 
he  pursued  a  course  of  study  for  three  years;  then  read  medicine  with  Dr.  Dale,  and  in 
1856,  graduated  from  Jefferson  Medical  College,  and  in  the  spring  of  1857  from  the 
Pennsylvania  Dental  School,  at  Philadelphia.  He  then  located  in  the  practice  of  medi- 
cine at  Bellevue.  Neb.,  where  he  remained  until  the  fall  of  1S58,  when  he  went  to  Denver 
Col.,  then  a  place  of  four  cabins  and  forty  men.  Here  he  prospected  and  practiced  medi- 
cine one  year,  and  in  July,  18-57.  returned  to  Cumherland  County,  where  he  continued 
Sracticing  until  August,  1861,  when  he  was  commissioned  first  lieutenant  of  Company  I 
inth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry  Volunteers.  lie  was  subsequently  promoted  major  of  the 
regiment,  and  discharged  January  19,  1864.  with  both  legs  broken  at  the  ankles  Dr 
Longsdorf  participated  in  some  eighty  engagements,  among  which  were  the  battles  Of 
I  erryvtlle,  Ivy  .  Clnekamauga.  Ga.,  Shelbyville,  and  siege  of  Knoxville.  Tenn.  The  Doc- 
tor, on  being  discharged  from  the  service  returned  to  Cumherland  County  andaftera 
time  resumed  his  practice,  continuing  until  the  fall  of  1881,  when  he  was  elected  treasurer 
of  Cumherland  County,  tile  duties  of  which  he  performed  for  three  years,  when  he  if-ain 
became  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  profession,  tit  Carlisle.  April  7"1*,,7.  he  was  married 
to  Miss  Lvdia  R.  Haverstick,  a  native  of  Cumberland  County,  daughter  of  Benjamin  and 
Lydia (Mylin)  Harverstick,  old  settlers  of  that  county,  now 'residents  of  Mechanicsburo- 
To  Dr.  Longsdorf  and  wife  have  been  born  two  sons  and  four  daughters-  Harold  H 
born  in  Nebraska,  a  graduate  of  Dickinson  College,  also  of  the  Collegeof  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  nf  Baltimore,  Md.,  now  practicing  medicine  at  Centerville;  John  E  deceased 
at  the  age  of  twenty  one  years;  Zatae  S..  Hilda.  Jessica,  W.  I).,  and  Persis— the  last  five 
reside  with  their  parents.  Zatae  and  Hilda  are  attending  Dickinson  College  they  being 
among  the  flrsl  female  students  admitted  to  the  institution,  and  Zatae  hcin"  the' first  fe"- 
male  student  to  contend  forthe  Pearson  Oratorical  Prize  and  took  the  first  prize  the  parents 
are  members  oi  the  Second  Presbyterian  Church.  Dr.  Longsdorf  is  a  Mason  and  has 
passed  all  the  chairs  in  the  Blue  Lodge,  Chapter  ami  Commanderv  of  Carlisle  He  ranks 
among  the  leading  physicians  and  surgeons  of  Cumberland  County,  and  is  an  esteemed 
and  respected  citizen.  He  is  among  the  original  members  of  the  Cumherland  CountV 
Medical  Societj  ■ 

JAMES  ANDREW  McCAULET,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  president  of  Dickinson  College  was 
born  nearElkton  Cecil  Co.,  Md.,  October  7,  1833.  His  earliest  educational  advantages 
were  had  in  the  schools  of  the  neighborhood;  but  the  family  removing  to  Baltimore'  in 
his  boyhood,  his  education  was  continued  in  the  city.  Quitting  school  at  seventeen  he 
took  a  position  in  a  business  house,  without,  however,  serious  thought  of  adopting  busi- 
ness as  a  life  pursuit;  for.  thus  early  even,  monitions  of  duty  to  preach  had  been,  at  times 
distinctly  heard.  These  monitions  pervaded  the  years  spent  in  business,  acquiring  at 
length,  a  constancy  and  force,  which,  in  the  end,  he  came  to  feel  ii  were  a  peril  not  to 
heed.      Business  was  accordingly  relinquished,  and  preparation  for  the  ministry  com- 


384  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

menced.     After  a  year  *  ^J^^  ^*2ft££^,  K* 

Dickinson,  and   at  the  suggest.,      otl       tilt} .  .  ,  ^  su(.ce,.di  du. 

uated  the  second  in  scholastic  rank  11     he  .  ss  ot  i  ^  ,  ^  Qf  _ 

ation  were  spent  in  teaching   as  private  tutoi    in  oik .o    u e  ■  adjacem  to 

land.     Admitted  to  the  Baltimore  -Conference  m  18  .0 ,  ..ml ;  -  .  [  '       '      ,  Vesleyan  Fe- 
the  city,  he  was.  midway  the  year,  trnnsfi-ii   d  to tl. i      >n  >P a       P  whose  patron- 

male  Institute,  a  school  of  high  grade  to    1  d k?         .  hit t   un       ^        .        ^     I  ^  un 
age  the  Conference  had  assumed.     To  the  (lev. 1  p  mi  ni .  cu  in.  incident  to  or- 

sfaring  labor,  with  the  result  ;  .«'"';  al.l^^""  of  the  third  year, 
ganization  and  constant  supervision  a&eeulhb  w        i ,  rt,,ease.  A  period  of  rest 

though  in  the  midst  of  ^^Zf^S^n^^^^^  of  lhe  past°r- 
and  travel  restored  his  health,  and  in  tin  s|  iin  ;   4  Fredericksburg-his  ministry, 

two  occasions— first  m  1874.  ana  apin  in  10  ■»               (.h,,r,.h  In.i872  he  was  designated 

in  the  general  conference,  the  highes t  c  «  1  of    he  i L«u  i.  1 "  'a             G1)U,.ch  f0  that 

by  Otis  body  ite •  faterna lmessen.g^ *  to bear ^e  ?reeUn  ^  ^           ^ 

of  Great  Britain.     In  18/4.1  n  ass oc  ation  »'            Cornwall  On  completing  this  service, 

of  Joseph  Knox,  a  merchant ?fh°Se,  0f  New  York  City.     Of  Mary's  children  two 
inent  lawyer  of  Chicago      Char  e .McC    re   Sr-,  was  « £*  w™  $  181o,  the  result  of  which 

this  sketch.     The  latter  was  graduated  horn  Du,kin son  t    1 1 i  ,  re  a  Legislature 

was  there  admitted  to  the  *n-*°™^*^™an£deZthZce*ne&  in  1846,  at 

sion  of  all  his  faculties..  Will  a  raw  1 10  die 1  j  mu      Mora  j      <  when  Qis 

Indies;  and  Chie    Justice  Joint .Ban  ^Ll^n^lo^Z^s!^^  possessing  a 
father  died,  and  the  mother  nun     ieii  ...  .  .  ,„  keep  ner  s0.is  together  and 


B0R01  'ill  OF  CARLISLE.  385 

preme  .curt  of  the  State;  and  w .i -  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Cumberland  County;  was  later 
appointed  one  of  the  judges  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  tbe  State,  and  served  on  thi 
with  his  preceptor.  Ai  tbe  death  of  Chief  Justice  Tigblman,  of  Philadelphia*  Judge  Gib- 
Bon  was  appointed  to  the  position.  President  Jackson  desired  to  appoint  him  to  the  su- 
pn  me  bem  b  of  the  United  States,  and  promised  him  the  first  vacancy;  but  owing  to  great 
political  claims  of  Judge  Baldwin,  Chief  Justice  Gibson  yielded  to  his  appointment.  The 
wife  of  Chief  Justice  Gibson  was  Miss  Sarab  Qalbraitb,  of  Cumberland  County,  and  a 
daughter  of  Maj.  Andrew  Galhraith,  an  officer  in  the  Revolutionary  war.  who  was  mule 
a  prisoner  by  the  British,  Chid'  Justice  Gibson  and  wife  bad  eight  children,  five  of 
whom    lived  to  be  men  and  women:    Mrs,   McClure,  widow  of  Charles   McClure;  Mrs. 

,  wife  of  William  Milnor  Roberts,  a  distinguished  civil-engineer,  who  died  in  Brazil, 
w  idle  acting  a-  chiel  of  i  he  engineering  works  or  Brazil;  Sarah,  wife  id'  ( 'apt  Richard  H. 
Anderson,  of  the  United  States  Army,  of  Charleston,  S.  C., afterward  lieutenant  general 
in  tin'  Confederate  Arm]  ;  Col  George;  rad  John  Bannister,  the  latter  a  lieutenant  in  the 
United  States  Army,  died  from  disease  contracted  in  the  Mexican  war.  Of  these,  George  Gib- 
Bon,  eoh.nei  of  the  Fifth  Infantry,  United  States  Army,  now  stationed  at  Fort  Keogh, 
M.  '1'.,  and  Mrs.  Charles  McClure  are  living,    our  subject's  widow  has  three  sons: Charles 

flow  1.  wiio  serve, 1  in  the  Union  Army,  during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion,  as  captain,, 
and  until  1880  in  the  Regular  Army,  when  he  was  appointed  paymaster,  with  the  rank  of 
major,  in  the  United  States  Army  (married  Miss  Annie,  daughter  of  Gen.  George  and  Eliz 
abeth  (Graham)  Getty;  George  Gibson,  paymaster's  clerk  in  the  United  States  Armj  (he 
was  for  sixteen  years  in  the  Third  National  Bank  of  New  York  City);  and  William  Mc- 
Clure,  a  hanker  and    brokl  r.  New    York  City  (married  Miss  Ella,  daughter  of  Then,  Crane, 

a  di  ceased  merchant  of  New  \  ork  Citj  i.  Our  subject  was,  ami  his  widow  now  is.  iden- 
tified with  the  Episcopal  <  Ihurch. 

LEWIS  M  i.SONHEIMER,  prothonotary,  Carlisle,  was  horn  in  Waynesboro,  Frank 
lin  Co.,  Penn.,  December  5,  1840      When  lie  was  seven  years  old  his  parents  moved  to 

Carlisle,  where  he  attended  school  until  fourteen,  when  he  learned  the  confectionery  busi 

ness.  and  later  engaged  in  the  same,  remaining  until  early  in  the  war  of  1861-65,  when  in 
August,  1863,  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  Company  A.  One  Hundred  and  Thirtieth  Regi 
ment  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry.     After  ten  months' service  he  was  discharged 

and  returned  to  Carlisle,  and  for  three  years  was  engaged  in  the  livery  business.      He  next 
OH  a  meat  market  for  three  years,  when  he  began  clerking  in  a  dry  goods  and  gro- 
cery store,  which  position  he  held  lintil  1874  or  1875,  when  he  opened  a  grocery,  which  he 
carried  on   for  seven  years.      In    January,    ls^'.'.    he  was  appointed    deputy   clerk  for  the 

county  prothonotary,  and  in  November,  1884,  was  elected  to  his  present  office  by  the  pco- 
imberland  County,  without  opposition.  May  5,  1864,  Mr.  Masonheimer  was  mar 
ried  to  Mis,  Eliza  Wetzel,  a  native  of  Cumberland  County,  and  daughter  of  John  andCath- 
7ise)  Wetzel,  of  the  same  county.  Five  children  have  been  born  to  this  union:  Harry 
L.  (died  at  the  age  of  eight  months),  Kate  M.,  John  E.,  Laura  10.  and  Wilbur.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Masonheimer  are  members  of  the  Reformed  church;  he  is  a  member  of  True  Friends  Lodge 
No  56,  K.  of  1'.  Cur  subject  is  a  son  of  John  and  Elizabeth  (Dysert)  Masonheimer — 
former  a  native  of  Maryland,  and  a  shoe-maker  by  trade;  who  was  married  in  Adams  County, 

Penn.,  and  became  the  father  Of  six  children;  Ocorge  l>,.  a  hoot  and  shoe-maker  and 
dealer,  iu  Boyle  County,  Ky.;  Mary,  a  resident  of  Carlisle;  Kate. wife  of  William  1!.  ('rouse. 

of  Waynesboro,  Penn  ;  James  M..  a  resident  ot  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.;  John  H.,  accident- 
ally killed  in  Carlisle,  at  the  age  of  twelve  years,  and  Lewis.  The  mother  and  father 
were  identified  with  the  Reformed  Church 

JACOB  L.   MELOY,  grocer,  Carlisle,  is  a  native  of  Cumberland  County,  born  one 
mile  east  of  Carlisle  October  15,   1848,  a  son  of  Samuel  and  Catherine  (Maversiiek)   Meloy, 

es  of  Cumberland  County;  the  former,  by  trade,  a  blacksmith.  They  wer  •  the 
parents  of  the  following  named  children:  George  H.  mow  a  farmer  of  Cumberland  Coun- 

ib  L.,   William  M    (now  a   cigar  maker  of  GreaBOU,  Penn,  I.  and  Miss   Mary  E.,  of 

Carlisle.     When  our  subject  was  six  years  of  age  his  parents  moved  to  Harrisburg,  and 

When  only  nine,  his  father  died,  and  at  that  earlj  age  Jacob  L.  began  earning  his  own 
living,  lie  worked  for  farmers  in  Perry  and  Cumberland  Counties  until  April  1,  I860, 
when  he  went  to  Carlisle  and  lived  with  James  Hamilton  decea  ed)  with  whom  he  re- 
mained one  year,  when  he  entered  the  sash  and  door  factory  of  Frank  Gardner,  with  the 
intentiot  ide;  but,  on  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  of  the   Rebellion,  he 

left  his  employment  and  enlisted    in   Company  A,    which    was    organized   at    Carlisle,    and 

tendered  its  services  to  the  Government  April  19,  1861,  but  which  was  not  accepted,  on 
account  of  the  already  full  quota,  until  June  (I  of  that  year.     However,  in  the  meantime 

the  company  wis  maintained,  drilled  and  kept  ready  for  service   a  u tly,  too    at   the 

individual  expense  of  tic  members;  and  when  discharged,  the  men  were  credited  with  en- 
listment from  April  21,  1861.  Mr.  Meloy  served  throughout  the  war,  and  was  mustered 
out  March  22,  1865,  having  participated  in  the  following  engagements,  and  been  confined 
in  the  prison  pens  mentioned:  The  seven  days'  fighl  before  Richmond;  the  battle  of 
Charles  City  ( Iross  Roads,  where  he  was  made  a  prisoner,  Jinn'  30,  1862,  and  was  confined 
at  Richmoud  and  Belle  Isle,  Va.,  until  August  6,  of  the  same  year;  battles  of  ( laines'  Mill, 


386  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

Bull  Run  South  Mountain,  Antietam.  in  the  pursuit  of  Stuart's  cavalry,  battles  of  Freder- 
Xhurs 'the  Wilderness,  where  he  was  taken  prisoner  and  confined [in  the  prisons  at 
I  vucmrrnl  Danville  Va..  and  at  Andersonville,  Ga..  from  May  23  to  September  17, 
ami  it  F uem e  S C  ,  from  September  24  to  December  8  1864.  At  the  okm  of  the  war 
he  returned  to  Carlisle  and  entered  the  grocery  store  of  William  Blair  &  son  as  a  clerk 
A,  ,  s .,  and  with  them  he  remained  until  January.  1871,  when  he  opened  a  store  of 
his  own  m  Pitt  Street,  in  the  16x30  room  formerly  occupied  by  Peter  Faust.  He. started  in 
asm-  1  w  v  w  tl  a  stock  of  only  POO,  but.  by  .-lose  application  to  business  and  fair  dealing, 
he  w  ml  .'confidence  of  the  people,  and  some  live  months  later  bought  the  southeast  cor- 
ner 1  Pitt  and  South  Streets,  where  he  has  his  present  store.  His  trade  increased,  from 
time  to  time  until  1  'id  a  business  of  *38,000  a  year.  In  1879  he  was  appointed  postmas- 
ter ■which  posi  ion  he  held  nearly  five  years.  In  April.  1880.  he  sold  his  store  to  Mahon  & 
Muni  f  1  at  in  1886  repurchased.  In  1832.  at  the  organization  of  the  Carlisle  Manu- 
al in  -  Conn  in  v  he  became  one  of  its  directors,  and  in  1884  was  elected  secretary  of 
the  boar!  M?  Sdoy  was  one  of  the  original  members  of  the  Cumberland  County  Fer- 
Uz  Com  any  am  on  its  organization  as  a  company  was  elected  its  president,  and  has 
since  VemZe  as'  such  He  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  and  was  the  first  senior  vice  com- 
mindei'  of  "■  Pt  C  well  Post,  Xo.  301.  and  subsequently  was  elected  commander  of  the 
?ost  November  16  1S66.  he  was  married  to  Miss  Martha  B.  Zimmerman  of  Car  isle  she 
befna  a  naUve  oTthe  vicinity  of  Carlisle,  and  a  daughter  of  Abraham  and  Keziah  Copper- 
stonfl  Zimmerman -former  of  Schuylkill  County,  and  latter  of  Adams  County.  Our  sub- 
vert and  we  ha  born  to  them  four  sons:  Andrew  D  Thomas  M.,  Charles  L.  and  Harry 
]W  Mr  Meloy  is  one  of  the  self-made  and  successful  business  men  of  Carlisle.  He  was 
a  member "f  the  town  council  two  terms,  and  took  an  active  part  in  the  organization  of 
thTca  1  si  Board  of  Trade,  and  was  elected  Us  first,  secretary;  but  at  the  end  of  two  terms 
declined  re-election,  ou  account  of  other  duties.  He  is  a  member  of  the  State  Firemen  s 
Association  and  secretary  of  the  Carlisle  Firemen's  Union,  and  vice-pres.dent  of  the  Car- 
lisle Live  Stock  O.mpany,  Wyoming  Territory  ^  came  ^  ^  country  &nd 

settled  in  Lebanon  County,  Penn.  He  laid  out  what  was  formerly  Millerstown,  but  is  now 
known  as  Annville.  During  his  residence  there  he  was  engaged  as  an  iron  master.  He 
cZIto  Cumberland  County  about  1765.  purchased  lands  in  Allen  Township  along  the 
Yellow  Breeches  Creek,  where  he  built  mills,  and  near  which  he  resided.  One  of  these  a 
ful  in l-m ill  remains  standing  at  the  present  day.  He  served  as  a  soldier  during  the  Rev- 
X t.ona  y  war  He  married  Rebecca  Epwright.  of  Harrisburg  an  English  lady  by  birth 
by  whom  hi  had  six  sons  and  one  daughter.  His  sixth  son  Ibraham.  was  born  at  and 
became  possessor  of  the  homestead.  His  wife  was  Elizabeth  Boyer  a  daughter  of  Fred- 
erickvmnist  us  Boyer,  a  German  by  birth,  who  took  degrees  at  Heidelberg,  and  who 
llso  served  as  a  soldier  during  the  revolution.  Abraham,  the  younger,  had  five  sons  and 
two  daughters  Andrew  G.,  the  father  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was  born  at  the  old 
homestead  in  811  He  became  a  merchant.  Duriqft  the  years  1869-71.  he  served  his  dis- 
trict he  eighteenth)  in  the  Senate  of  the  State.  He  married  Eleanor  Lmber^  whose 
mternal  ancestor  John  Leonard  Umberger,  came  to  this  country  in  the  ship  Hope  in  1738. 
He  h six  children:  William  E.,  Mary,  John  R„  Ellen.  Henrietta  M.  and  Andrew  G. 
Mary  died  in  infancy;  John  R.  and  A.  G..  both  graduated  at  Princeton,  and  are  now  prac- 
ffil  lawyers  at  the  Carlisle  bar;  Ellen,  married  H.  Lee  Snyder,  an  officer  of  the  United 
States  4avy  bywhom  she  had  two  children:  Richard  Henry  Lee  and  George  McKnight; 
Hen rltt  married  George  Bridges,  of  Shippensburg.  Penn.,  and  has  one  son-John;  John 
I"ried  Caroline  OgRankif,  a  daughter  of  Dr.  William  Rankin.  °f  Shippensburg, 
Penn.,  and  had  one  daughter,  who  died  in  infancy,  and  one s°n-Hugh  Rankin,  A.  O.. 
married  Jane  Kennedy,  a  daughter  of  Joseph  Kennedy,  of  Shippensburg  WlU™™*-> 
the  eldest  son  was  bom  at  West  Hill.  Cumberland  County,  February  5.  1836.  He  was 
reared  on  the  arm.  and  owing  to  the  limited  means  of  his  parents  and  to  the  fact  that  hs 
father  was  a  great  invalid  for  many  years,  he  received  but  .a  limited  common £*»»*** 
cation      Youn-  Miller  showed  a  fondness  for  military  life  in  his  youth,  and  at  the  age  ot 

"n  ioined!  military  horse  company,  knownasthe  "  Big  Spring  Adamantine  Guards, 
wh  c  c  n  pany  was  "ga  ized  in  1814,'and  when  the  war  of  the  Rebellion  broke  out  was 
Im  on.  t  enrs  to  tender  its  services  to  the  Government,  through  the  Governor  of  the 
ShcAG  Crin  Cavalry  was  not  included  in  the  three  months'  call,  so  that  the  serv- 
icesofthta  company  were  not  accepted  until  the  later  call  for  three  years'  troops  was 
made  August  8,  1861,  this  troop  left  Newville.  Cumberland  County,  tor  Washington  D. 
C  where  on  the  seventeenth  of  the  same  month,  it  was  sworn  into  the  United  States  serv- 
ice >  t  le'yanl  in  front  of  the  war  office,  by  Lieut.  Elwood.  and  became  Company  H,  Third 
Pen  s-lvan  a  Cavalry.  Up  to  this  time  William  E.  Miller  served  as  a  private,  but  was 
muste  e .1  into  servicers  a  second  lieutenant.  Owing  to  our  limited  space  it  is  impossible 
to  v  if 11  account  of  the  achievements  of  this  officer,  and  we  will,  therefore  relate  but 
a  ff^of  the  more  important  events  in  his  military  career.  He  was  one  of  the  frw  officers 
that  survved  he  rigid  discipline  at  the  training  school  of  Camp  Marcey  during  the  winter 
of  186™  under  Col.  W.  W.  Averill,  a  graduate  of  West  Point.     In  the  spring  of  1862  he 


BOROUGH  OJ?  CAKLISLE.  387 

acoompanied  bis  regiment  to  the  Peninsula,  and,  upon  the  arrival  of  the  army  at  Fortress 
jgigned  the  advance  to  Forktown,  where  he  reo  ived  hia  baptism  of  Are,  on 
the  same  ground,  where,  nearlj  acentur]  before,  his  great  grandfather  closed  liis  military 
career  under  Gen.  Washington.  A  singular  coincidence  that  lii-  great-grandson  should 
draw  his  sword  in  defense  of  the  same  Union,  and  on  the  same  ground,  where,  nearlj  a  cent  ury 
before,  tl  r  had  concluded  fighting  for  its  establishment.  After  leaving 
Torktown  Lieut.  Miller's  regi nl  again  led  the  advance  to  Williamsburg,  where  ii  par- 
ticipated in  the  fight  on  tbe  left  under  Gen.  Seintzeiman,  Torrents  of  rain  fell  during  this 
battle,  and  the  night  following  was  the  essence  of  darkness,  rainy  and  muddy.  During 
this  night,  Lieut.  Miller  was  summoned  to  Hen.  Heintzelm  ra's  headquarters,  and  banded 
a  dispatch  with  the  following  sententious  order:  "This  dispatch  is  for  Gen.  McClellan. 
You  may  find  him  at  Forktown,  or  you  may  find  him  on  the  road  between  this  anil  York- 
town,  or  you  maj  Bnd  him  anywhere  along  the  line  of  this  army,  but  you  must  find  him, 
and  a  reply  must  he  at  these  headquarters  before  daylight  to-morrow."  The  task  was 
accomplished,  and  Lieut  Miller  received  the  congratulations  of  both  Gens.  McClellan  and 
Heintzelman.  So  much,  indeed,  was  Gen.  McClellan  impressed  w ii  I)  tins  occurrence,  that, 
though  he  never  saw  .Miller  until  nineteen  years  afterward,  he  at  once  recognized  him  and 

the  circumstance.  Lieut.  Miller  participated  in  all  the  aad  scenes  that  followed 
on  the  Peninsula.  He  took  an  active  part  in  the  invasion  of  Maryland,  and  September  16, 
1862,  led  i,  m    Hooker's  advance  across  Antietam  ('reek,  ami  drew  the  Brsl  tire  from  the 

r  lie  guns.  During  the  17th  he  w  ,i~  assigned  an  independent  command,  and  acted 
under  orders  from  Gen.  Hooker  direct.  At  a  critical  period  in  the  battle,  when  Lieut. 
Thomas'  battery  was  charged  by  Jackson's  troops,  Lieut.  Miller  came  to  the  rescue  and 

aided  in  saving  the  guns.      For  his  gallantry  on   this  occasion  he  was  made  captain,  being 

promoted  over  all  the  first  lieutenants  of  the  regiment.  In  the  campaign  of  1*63,  Capt. 
Miller  took  a  conspicuous  part  in  the  battles  of  Brandy  Station,  Aldie.  Middleburg  and 
Upperville;  and  at  Gettysburg,  on  the  3d  of  July,  won  distinction  by  a  gallant  and 
timely  charge,  made  in  viola! inn  of  orders,  on  Wade  Hampton's  Hank,  which  contributed 
largely  to  the  defeat  of  Stuart  in  his  attempt  to  gain  the  rear  of  the  Federal  right  flank. 
After  participating  in  thirty-seven  cavalry  engagements,  Capt.  Miller,  with  his  regiment, 
was  mustered  out  of  service  August  34,  1864.  In  1856  he  was  married  to  Elizabeth  Ann 
Hocker,  by  whom  lie  had  two  children:  Caroline  0.  R.  and  Elizabeth.  The  latter  died  in 
the  spring  of  1863,  while  he  was  encamped  in  front  of  Yorktown,  while  the  former  grew 
to  womanhood  ami  married  George  K.  McCormick,  with  whom  she  now  lives  at  Knox- 
ville,  Tenn.  In  1859  .Mrs.  Miller  took  malignant  typhoid  fever,  ami  died.  June  25,  1868, 
Capt  Miller  was  again  married,  this  time  to  Anna  He  1'ui  Mush,  of  Tioga  County,  Penn., 
a  daughter  of  .1  S.  Hush,  a  wealthy  and  retired  lumber  merchant.  This  lady  is  possessed 
literary  attainments  and  position,  and  is  the  author  of  a  reference  book, 
"Who  and  What,"  and  many  minor  stories.  Since  the  war  Capt.  Miller  has  been  engaged 
in  the  hardware  business  at  Carlisle,  Cumberland  Co..  Penn.  He  is  social,  but  retiring 
ami  modest,  firm  in  his  opinions,  and  unchangeable  in  his  convictions.     He  is  highly  es- 

■■  in-  neighbors  and  friends,  as  he  was  respected  and  admired  by  his  comrades  in 
amis  Bome  estimate  may  he  formed  of  the  man  bv  the  remarks  made'  by  his  old  com- 
mander. Cen.  Ii  McM.  Gregg,  at  the  dedication  of  the  cavalry  shaft  at  Gettysburg,  Octo- 
ber 15,  IS- I;  "Of  course  everybody  expect,  to  hear  from  ('apt.  Miller,  whose  name  is  so 
irably  connected  with  our  shaft.  Possibly  having  built  so  well,  on 
the  very  ground  on  which  he  fought  so  well,  he  will  try  to  escape  talking,  which  he  can 
do  well  also.     How  pointedly  he  can  write  you  can  all  attest."     (apt.   Miller  takes  an  ac- 

in  all  public  enterprises;  has  served  two  terms  as  chief  burgess  of  his  town;  was 
inal  commander  of  Post  201.  G.  A.  R. ;  is  a  member  of  the   Military  Order  of  the 
Loyal  Legion  of  the  United  States,  president  of  the  Carlisle  Board  of  Trade,  and  vestry- 
man ol  St.  John's  Episcopal  Church. 

WILLIAM  HENRY  MILLER  (deceased)  was  born  near  Millerstown,  Adams  Co., 
Penn..  Januarj  15,  1830.  He  attended  the  Pennsylvania  College  until  about  the  age  of 
eighteen,  when  his  father  moved  to  this  county  and  bought  the  Cumberland  Furnace, 
now  owned  by  the  Crane  Iron  Company  He  soon  after  entered  the  law  office  of  Judge 
John  Heed,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  He  married.  Mav  SO,  1843,  Miss  .lane  Rebecca 
McDowell,  who  was  horn  in  Carlisle,  Penn.,  a  daughter  of  Andrew  and  Rebecca  I  Wilson) 
McDowell.  Mrs.  Miller  is  a  member  of  St.  John's  Episcopal  Church,  of  Carlisle,  Mr. 
McDowell  was  born  near  I'  ,!  clerked  in  Philadelphia  when  a  young  man.  He 

:  in  Perry  County.  Penn.,  and  after  that  event  came  to  this  county.  He  was  a  son 
of  Alexander  and  Nancy  (Archer)  McDowell,  the  former  of  whom  was  a  civil  engineer, 
ami  a  bo  MeD.,..,,!!.  a  Scotchman,  who  married,  in  Pennsylvana.  Miss  Sarah 

Shankland,  of  Port  Lewis.  Del.  They  settled  in  this  county  and  became  rich,  owning 
iron  works  and  a  great  many  slaves.  Rebecca  Wilson,  mother  of  Mrs.  William  Henry 
Miller,  was  a  daughter  of  Mai.  .lames  Armstrong  Wilson  (a  major  in  the  Revolutionary 
wan.  a  graduate  of  the  Princeton  College,  who  was  admitted  to  the  bar  ai  F.  iston,  Penn., 
lie  afterward  practiced  He  was  a  large  land  owner  ami  farmer  of  this  county, 
where  he  was  born.     He  married  Miss  Margaret  Miller,  a  native  of  Carlisle,  Penn.,  and  a 


388  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

daughter  of  Robert  Miller,  a  rich  tanner.  His  wife  was  Elizabeth  Calhoon,  a  native  of 
Juniata  County,  Penn.  Mr.  William  H.  Miller  died  June  18,  1877,  a  member  of  the  bec- 
ond  Presbyterian  Church  of  Carlisle. 

"His  place,  in  all  the  pomp  that  tills 
The  circuit  of  the  Bummer  hills, 
Is  that  his  grave  is  green." 
JOHNSTON  MOORE,  of  Carlisle,  is  a  descendant  of  James  Moore,  who  came  to 
America  from  Ireland  in  1730,  and  purchased  large  tracts  of  land  along  the  bellow 
Breeches  Creek.  At  the  death  of  James  Moore,  which  occurred  about  the  close  ot  the 
eighteenth  century,  he  left  four  sons  and  three  daughters.  The  third  son,  John,  who  was 
born  August  29.  1740.  and  died  October  18,  1852,  married  Eleanor  Thompson,  who  was 
born  in  1746  and  died  May  15,  1817.  At  their  death  they  lefi  five  sons  and  two  daughters. 
James  Moore.  Esq.,  the  eldest  son,  born  in  1705.  was  married  January  28,  1808,  to  iNancy 
Johnston,  of  Antrim  Township,  Franklin  Co.,  Penn..  a  daughter  of  Col.  Thomas  Johnston, 
a  distinguished  officer  of  the  Revolution.  (It  may  be  mentioned  here  that  these  Johnstons 
are  descendants  of  the  celebrated  Johnstons  of  Dumfrieshire,  Scotland.  James,  the  great- 
grandfather of  Johnston  Moore.came  to  America  in  1735.  They  were  also  among  the  noted 
military  families  of  Pennsylvania.)  Dr.  Robert,  a  brother  of  Col.  Thomas  Johnston,  and 
who  was  an  intimate  friend  of  Washington  and  La  Fayette  and  a  member  of  the  Society  ot 
the  Cincinnati,  joined  the  American  forces  before  Boston,  and  continued  with  them  until 
the  surrender  of  Cornwallis,  at  Yorktown.  James  Moore.  Esq.,  died  in  1813,  and  his  wile 
in  1823,  leaving  one  son,  Johnston  Moore,  born  September  5,  1809.  After  the  death  ot  his 
parents  he  lived  with  his  aunt,  Elizabeth  Johnston  McLanahan,  at  her  home,  Prospect  Hill, 
near  Greencastle.  He  was  educated  a.  Dickinson  College,  Carlisle,  and  during  this  time 
lived  with  his  guardian,  Andrew  Carothers,  Esq.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  took  possession 
and  management  of  his  estate,  including  the  original  lands  which  had  descended  to  him 
from  his  great-grandfather  James,  and  which  he  still  holds.  On  the  15th  of  July,  18db, 
he  married  Mary  Veasey  Parker,  daughter  of  Isaac  Brown  Parker,  of  Carlisle.  Ihey 
had  three  sons  and  six  daughters.  All  of  these  children  are  dead  except  three  daughters. 
Johnston  Moore's  life  has  been  passed  quietly  in  the  management  of  his  estate  and  in  pur- 
suit of  his  favorite  sports,  hunting  and  fishing.  He  owns  one  of  the  finest  trout  preserves 
in  the  State.  "  Bonny  Brook,"  one  mile  and  a  half  from  his  home.  He  is  a  vestryman  ol 
St.  John's  Church,  and  has  lived  since  his  marriage  at  his  present  residence  in  Carlisle. 

GEORGE  MURRAY  was  born  near  Fort  Pitt,  western  Pennsylvania,  March  17,  lflM, 
and  was  the  only  child  of  William  and  Susanna  (Sly)  Murray.  He  was  left  an  orphan, 
and  in  early  life  settled  in  Carlisle,  where  he  died  May  (i,  1855,  in  his  ninety-fourth  year. 
On  the  21st  of  June,  1804,  he  was  married,  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Davidson,  to  Mary  Denny, 
daughter  of  William  and  Agnes  (Parker)  Denny,  and  sister  of  Maj.  Ebenezer  Denny  ot 
Revolutionary  fame,  who  was  born  in  Carlisle  March  5,  1778,  and  there  died  April  1U, 
1845.  in  her  sixty-eighth  year.  . 

Joseph  Alexander  Murray,  the  youngest  son  of  George  and  Mary  (Denny; 
Murray,  was  born  in  Carlisle  October  2,  1815.  His  preparatory  education  had  been  ob- 
tained in  his  native  place  and  elsewhere,  and  in  August,  1837,  he  graduated  from  the 
Western  University  of  Pennsylvania  at  Pittsburgh.  In  the  autumn  of  the  same  year  he 
entered  the  Western  Theological  Seminary  iu  Allegheny,  Penn.,  and  from  it  graduated  in. 
the  autumn  of  1840.  In  October  of  the  same  year  he  was  licensed  to  preach  the  gospel 
by  the  Presbytery  of  Ohio,  which  then  embraced  the  churches  in  and  about  Pittsburgh 
Soon  after  he  received  invitations  to  visit  vacant  churches,  and  accepted  one  to  preach  at 
Marion,  Ohio.  This  church  lie  supplied  for  six  months,  from  December,  1840,  to  May, 
1841,  inclusive,  but  finally  declined  a  unanimous  call  to  become  its  settled  pastor.  He 
then  visited  his  native  place,  and  in  Oetober.  1841,  received  and  accepted  a  call  to  the 
united  congregations  of  Monaghan  (Dillsburg)  ami  Petersburg,  and  was  ordained  ana 
installed  pastor  of  the  same  by  the  Carlisle  Presbytery  in  April.  1843.  This  relation  hap- 
pily and  usefully  subsisted  for  about  eighteen  years.  During  his  pastorate  the  present 
church  edifice  was  erected  at  Dillsburg.  For  years  he  served  there  also  as  school  di- 
rector, and  was  president  of  the  board.  During  the  same  period  he  had  received  several 
invitations  to  churches  at  other  places,  which  he  declined.  Finally,  however,  in  conse- 
quence of  impaired  health,  he  resigned  the  charge.  The  pastoral  relation  was  dissolved 
in  October.  1858.  and  he  then  retired  to  Carlisle,  but  he  often  afterward  ministered  to  the 
charge  in  Dillsburg,  and  supplied  for  years  the  church  at  Petersburg.  His  health  never 
again  permitted  him  to  undertake  the  active  work  and  assume  the  responsibilities  ot  a 
settled  pastor,  though  he  has  often  filled  vacant  pulpits  and  assisted  his  clerical  triemls. 
Of  all  the  members' who  belonged  to  the  venerable  Presbytery  of  Carlisle  in  1841  when 
he  joined  it,  he  is  now  the  only  one  who  is  still  in  connection  with  it.  lhe  body  now 
numbers  forty-two  ministers  and  three  licentiates,  but  only  two  are  before  him  on  tne 
presbvteria'  roll,  and  because  of  their  prior  ordination,  which  was  the  basis  tor  the  recon- 
struction of  the  rolls  in  the  union  of  the  two  branches  of  the  church  m  1870.  Untour 
different  occasions  he  has  been  chosen  by  his  presbytery  as  a  commissioner  to  he  fcren- 
eral  Assembly— in  1844,  1861,  1865  and  1875.     On   the  last  occasion  he  had   also  been 


BOROUGH  OF  CARLISLE.  389 

I'lm-  ii  i>\  his  bj  nod,  with  the  Bon    II.  W.  Williams,  to  defend,  if  necessary,  a  decision  of 
said  bodj    before  the  General  Assembly,  and  in  this  highest  church  courl   he  was   an 
I                         the  judicial  committee,     In  1876  he  was  chosen,  by  acclamation,   m 
tor  of  the  Synod  al  Harrisburg      [n  is^i  his  alma  mater  conferred  on  him  the  1 irary 

I  l>  I).  In  1870  be  was  elei  ted  b  corresponding  member  of  the  Numismatii  ad 
Antiquarian  Society  of  Philadelphia.  In  1878  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Historical  So- 
ciety of  P<  nnsyh a  At  a  public  meetir  lisle  in  1876  he  wasselected  to  pre- 
pare an  historical  address  pertaining  to  Cumberland  County,  to  be  delivered  on  the  lih  of 
Julj  "i  circumstances  prevented.  In  l*st>  be  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
American  Philosophical  Societj  al  Philadelphia.     In   1886  be  was  elected  n  director  of 

the  Western  Theological  Seminary,   in  Allegheny  City,  Penn.     In  the  bi i  year  he  was 

appointed  to  Furnish  biographical  sketches  for  the  centennial  anniversary  of  the  Carlisle 
ined  in  favor  of  his  alternate.  He  is  president  of  the  Cumberland 
Soi  ii  i;.  also  secretary  oi  the  Hamilton  Library  and  Historical  Association 
of  Carlisle.  Several  of  his  discourses  and  addresses  have  been  published.  He  frequently 
contributes  to  some  of  the  periodicals  of  our  country,  literary,  historical  and  religious, 
in  which  work  he  still  continui  .  as  well  as  preaches  and  ministerially  officiates  when  de- 
sired, and  is  able  to  do  so.  But  in  no  instance  would  he  accepi  i  I  an}  work  or  position  that 
would  interfere  with  his  high  calling  and  character  as  a  minister  of  the  gospel  of  Jesus 
Christ.  I>r.  Murray  lias  been  twice  married— first,  April  25,  1848,  to  Miss  Ann  Hays 
Blair,  of  Carlisle,  daughter  of  Mr  Andrew  Blair,  born  May  6,  1819,  and  died  September 
it.  is;:,;  secondly,  October  3,  1879,  to  Miss  Lydia  Steele  Foster,  of  Philadelphia,  born 
March  9,  1886,  in  Carlisle,  daughter  of  Mr.  Crawford  Poster,  and  niece  of  Dr.  Alfred  Fos- 
ter, all  natives  of  Carlisle.     By  the  first  marriage  he  had  one  child,  bom  February  11, 

duated  in  1866  from  the  Mary  Institute,  Carlisle,  then  under  the  presidency  oi 

Dr    Francis  .1    Clere,  and  in  January,   1868,  married  Prof.  Charles  F.  lliines.  'l'h. 

en  an  honored  member  of  the  faculty  of  Dickinson  College  since  1865. 
ORGE  NORCROSS,  HI),  Carlisle,  pastor  of  the  Second  Presbyterian  Church, 
was  born  on  bis  father's  farm  near  Erie,  Erie  <  !o.,  Penn.,  April  8,  1888.  His  parents  were 
Hiram  and  Elizabeth  (McClelland)  Norcross,  the  former  of  Erie  County,  and  the  latter  of 
Crawford  George,  our  subject,  is  eldest  in  a  family  of  five  sons  and  one  daughter:  Will- 
iam C,  an  attorney,  of  Monmouth.  111.:  II.  Flemnung,  attorney,  of  Chicago,  111..  Isaiah, 

a    business   man.    of   Monmouth;    Thomas    Rice,    main   dealer,  Liberty,  Neb.;   and  Sarah, 

wife  of  Henrj  Beckwith,  died  in  1863,  are  the  other  children.  The  family  removed  From 
Erie  County  to  Monmouth,  III.,  in  1*44.  George  graduated  at  Monmouth  ( lollege  in  1861, 
and  the  fall  of  that  year  entered  the  Northwestern  Theological  Seminary  at  Chii  igo, 

where  he  remained  one  year.     Returning  to  Monmouth  he  was  elected  to  a  professor- 
ship in  Monmouth  College,   which   he   held    for   two   years,  ami   during  I  bat  time  studied 
at     the     I   nited     Presbyterian    Theological     Seminary,     Monmouth,     and     was 

1  to  preach  by  the  Presbytery  of  Warren,  in  April,  1863;  preached  at  North  Hen- 
derson, HI.,  where  be  remained*  three  years,  and  during  one  winter  of  that  time,  attended 
the  Theological  Seminary  at  Princeton'.  New  Jersey.  In  the  spring  of  1866  he  was  called 
to  the  Presbyterian  Church  at  Galesburg,  [11.,  and  preached  there  until  January,  1869, 
when,  ha  i  led  to  the  Second  Church  of  Carlisle,  he  moved  hither.     During  his 

ministry  here  the  manse  and  new  Church  building    corner  of   Hanover  and  Pom  fret  stri  els 

have  been  erected:  His  labors  in  this  church  have  been  very  successful;  from  a  membership 
of  830  it  has  grown  to  100,  and  is  entirelj  out  of  debt.  He  was  married  in  Monmouth.  111., 
October  1,  1863,  to  Miss  Mary  S.  Tracy,  who  died  March  35,  1865;  and  on  April  33,  1867, 
Rev  Mr.  Norcross  married  Mrs.  Louisa  Jackson  Gale,  widow  of  Mai.  Josiah  Gale,  of  Gales- 
burg. To  this  union  five  children  were  born  (four  now  living):  Delia  Jackson,  bom  in 
Galesburg;  George  born  in  Carlisle,  where  he  died  December  ex,  1878,  aged  eighi 
Bessie,  Marj  Jackson,  and  Louisa  Jackson  Norcross.  In  1879  Princeton  College  conferred 
the  degn  e  oi  i>,  |)   on  Mr.  Norcross. 

JOSEPH  WHEELER  PATTON  (deceased)  was  bom  at  Bellefonte,  Penn.,  De- 
cember '.".'.  1808,  the  second  child  of  three  sons  and  two  daughters,  of  Benjamin  and 
Phoebe  Patton.  When  a  young  man,  Mr.  Patton  came  to  Harrisburg,  and  first  clerked  for 
Mr.  Haldi  man.  an  iron  merchant,  and  later  for  a  Mr.  Espy,  a  dry  goods  merchant.  Sub- 
sequently be  rented  the  Mary  Ann  Furnace,  located  near  Shippensburg  with  which  be 
was  identified  until  I  be  became  superintendent  of  the  Lancaster  Railway,  a 

position  he  held  for  six  months,  when  he  went  to  Maria  Furnace  in  Adams  County.  Penn., 
where  he  was  engaged  in  clerking  for  a  short  time,  when  he  received,  al  the  hands  ,,r  Q<>v. 
Rimer,  the  appointment  of  superintendent  of  the  Portage  Railway,  which  he  tilled  two 
siding  at  Carlisle  ibsequently  kept  the  Mansion  House;    thereafter 

went  to  Mount  Holly  Furnace  of  Which  he  was  manager  for  I tober t  Civin.      Later  he  and 

Mr.  Mullin bought  the  Mount  Holly  Springs  Hotel,  from  which  Mr.  Patton  retinal  in 
irs,  returned  to  Carlisle,  and  kept  the  Man-ion  House,  with  the  exception  of  a 
short  time,  until  the  war.  He  was  then  appointed  provost-marshal  under  Col  R  M  Hen- 
derson He  also  sei  or  of  interna!  revenue  for  the  Fifteenth  District  of 
Pennyslvania  for  three  or  four  years,  after  which  he  retired  from  active  life      His  death 


390  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

occurred  October  30,  1880,  and  thereby  the  people  of  Cumberland  County  lost  one  of  their 
prominent  and  useful  citzens.  Mr.  Patton  married,  December  2,  1834  Miss  Mary  Noble, 
of  Carlisle,  who  was  born  in  the  old  Mansion  House,  Carlisle,  March  12  1814,  a  daughter 
of  James  Noble,  who  was  born  in  Ireland,  in  December  1775,  and  who  at  the  age  of 
twenty  years  came  to  America  with  his  father,  John  Noble,  who  settled  in  Carlisle. 
James  Noble  married  Miss  Mary  Cooper,  of  Carlisle.  To  the  marriage  of  Joseph  W.  Fat- 
ton  and  Mary  Noble  one  child  (deceased)  was  born.  The  widow  is  a  member  of  St. 
John's  Episcopal  Church,  of  which  Mr.  Patton  was  treasurer  for  sixteen  years,  until  his 

THOMAS  PAXTON,  retired,  Carlisle,  was  born  on  his  father's  farm  near  Cumber- 
land  Allegany  Co.,   Md..  May   24.  1807.      His  father,  Samuel  Paxton,  came  from  Scot- 
land when  a  young  man,  with  his  brothers,  Joseph  and  James.      Joseph  located  in  the 
western  part  of  Pennsylvania,   James  somewhere  in  Virginia,  and  Samuel,  the  eldest  of 
the   three,  in   Bedford  County.  Penn.,   but  afterward  moved  to  near   Cumberland,  Md. 
Samuel  Paxton  was  possessed  of  means,  which,  however,  he  lost  before  the  birth  of  his 
youngest  son.      He  was  a  captain  in  the  Revolution.      He  was  twice  married,  his  first 
wife  being  a  Miss  Bageley,  of  Bedford  County,  Penn.,  who  bore  him  three  children:   Da- 
vid and  Joseph,  who  removed  to  Kentucky,  and  Prudence,  who  died  unmarried;   and  his 
second  wife  was  Miss  Elizabeth  Lesher,   of  English  birth,  who  bore  him  four  sons  and 
five  daughters:  Nancy.  Rachael,  Mary,  John,  Joseph,  Ellen,  William.  Susan  and  Thomas. 
The  latter  was  but  an  infant  when  his  father  died.      He  attended  school  until  he  was  fif- 
teen years  of  age.  when  he  determined  to  become  a  business  mim.      He  secured  employ- 
menton  the  Potomac,  as  chief  clerk  for  Mr.  George   Hobbleson   who  owned  a  line  of 
produce  boats.      About  this  time  our  subject's  old  friend.  Gen.  Thomas  Dunn,  was  ap- 
pointed by  Gen.  Jackson  superintendent  of  the  Government  works  at  Harpers  terry,  and 
voiinir  Paxton  was  employed  as  confidential  clerk,  in  which  capacity  he  remained  until 
1826  when  Gen.  Dunn  was  shot  by  an  employe,  whom  he  had  discharged,      bubsequent- 
ly  Mr    Paxton  became  superintendent  for  Gen.  Ridgley's  iron  works   at  Piney  Woods, 
five  miles  south  of  Baltimore,  and  as  such  served  until  the  death  of  Gen.  Kidgley.  one 
year  later.      Soon  after  this  (in  1828)  Mr.  Paxton  received  a  proposition  from  Adam  Hauk, 
of  Cumberland  County,  to  build  a  forge  on  Yellow  Breeches  Creek,  in  Dickinson  lowa- 
ship   which  he  complied  with.      April  30.  1838,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Galbraith,  of  Cum- 
berland County,  daughter  of  Samuel  and  Nancy  (Moore)  Galbraith,  and  he,  after  his  mar- 
riage   purchased  and  operated  Moore's  mill  on  the  Yellow  Breeches  for  about  five  years, 
when  he  sold  out.  and  began  to  build  railroads,  first  building  some  two  miles  of  the  Cum- 
berland Valley  Railway,  and  graded  six  miles  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Road,   between 
Martinsburg  and  Cumberland,  Va.      He  next  performed  work  for  the  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
way Company  for  four  consecutive  years,  when  he  became  employed  on  the  North  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  grading  up  through  the  coal  regions,  remaining  for  two  years  when  he 
built  the   Meehanicshurg'&  Dillsburg  road.      Mr.   Paxton  owns  a  great  deal  of  stock  in 
various  roads  east  and  west.      He,  in  company  with  Robert  Giviu,  organized  the   *  armers 
Bank  of  Carlisle,  and  on  the  death  of  Mr.  Givin,  some  years  later,  who  was  its  president, 
Mr   Paxton  was  elected  his  successor,  remaining  president  of  the  bank  some  years,  when 
he  resigned  and  retired  from  business.      Mrs.   Paxton  died  in  1848,  the  mother  of  two 
children:    Ellen,  who  died  at  the  age  of  nine  years,  and  Annie  M.,  widow  of  Park  Moore, 
the  eldest  son  of  Johnson  Moore,  of  Carlisle.     October  18,  1859,  Mr    Paxton  was  married 
to  Mrs  Olivia  Farnsley,  of  Evansville,  Ind.,  who  was  born  in  that  place  January  ~3.  1834, 
daughter  of  John  and  Elvira  (Riggs)  Mitchell  (a  large  property  owner  of  Evansville,  and 
for  many  years  president  of  the  Branch  of  the  State  Bank  of  Evansville,  from  its  organ- 
ization until  his  death),  and  grand-daughter  of  Joseph  Mitchell  and  Elizabeth  Campbell, 
the  latter  of  whom  was  a  direct  descendant  of  the  celebrated  Rob  Roy  and  also  ot  the 
Laird  of  Glenfalloch.      The  first  husband  of  Mrs.  Paxton  was  Dr.  David  A    Farnsley 
whom  she  married  December  21,  1854,  he  being  a  native  of  near  Louisville,  Ky.,  son  ot 
David  and  Sarah  (Merriweather)  Farnsley.       Dr.  Farnsley  died  in  April  18oo.       Mrs. 
Farnsley  had  one  daughter,  Albertina  Olivia,  who  was  born  October  2,  1855,  now  wife  ot 
Frank  E   Bradner,  attorney  at  law,  Newark,  N.  J.     To  the  last  marriage  of  Mr.  Faxton 
were  born  two  children:  Thomas,  who  died  in  infancy,  and  Josephine  E     who  resides 
with  her  parents.     Mr.  and  Mrs.  Paxton  are  members  of  St.  John's  Episcopal  Church. 

II  K  PEFFER  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  daily  and  weekly  Sentinel,  is  a  native  oi 
Cumberland  County,  Penn.  His  parents  were  Adam  and  Mary  (Kerr)  Peffer,  also  natives 
of  the  same  county.  Adam  Peffer  was  of  German  parentage;  Mary  Kerr  of  Scotch  descent 
He  was  born  in  South  Middleton  Township  January  13,  1827;  was  raised  on  a  farm;  and  at 
the  a»e  of  twenty  four  immigrated,  in  1853.  to  Warren  County,  111.,  where  for  ten  years  he 
was  engaged  in  farming.  At  the  expiration  of  that  time  he  took  up  his  residence  in 
Monmouth  111  where  he  formed  a  law  partnership  with  Col.  James  W.  .Davidson, 
which  continued  for  three  years.  In  1862  he  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  as  a  represent- 
ative from  Warren  County,  and  at  the  expiration  of  his  term  received  the  unanimous 
nomination  of  bis  party  for  State  senator.  He  was  also,  at  the  same  time,  named  as  one  of 
The  presidential  el'ctois  on  the    McClellan  ticket  in  1864.     In  the  fall  of  1865  he  removed 


BOROUcill  OF    CARLISLE.  391 

with  Hi*  family  i"  i  larlisle,  Penn.,  when-,  after  spending  a  year  in  Texas  and  the  South 
west  he  permanently  located.  In  1871  be  receivod  the  Domination  of  hi-  party  tor  State 
senator— iin'  senatorial  district  then  embracing  Cumberland  and  Franklin  Counties.  In 
that  year  the  Democracy  was  unsuccessful,  the  entire  ticket,  with  one  or  two  exceptions, 
I.  In  1872  be  was  admitted  to  the  Carlisle  bar,  but  shortly  after  took  charge 
of  the  I  which  was  then  published  at  Shippensburg.     In  1874  the  Sentinel 

was  removed  to  Carlisle,  when  he  became  Bole  owner  of  the  paper.  In  188]  the  daily 
was  issued  from  the  office  of  the  weekly,  and  was  the  first  daily  paper 
ever  issued  in  Cumberland  County.  In  1848  Mr.  Pefler  was  married  to  .lane  .Mary, 
daughter  of  Nathaniel  Weakley.  Bis  family  consists  of  following:  .Mary,  William,  Charles, 
Adam  and  Kitty,  all  of  whom  are  residents  of  the  county. 

WILLIAM  GLANCT  PEFFER,  dealer  in  agricultural  implements,  Carlisle,  and  chief 
burgess  of  the  city,  was  born  in  South  Middleton  Township,  Cumberland  County,  No- 
vember U.  1838,  a  son  of  Adam  and  Elizabeth  (Glancj  I  PefEer,  the  former  of  whom  was 
a  son  of  Henry,  and  he  a  son  of  Philip  Peffer,  a  native  of  Germany.  Mrs  Elizabeth 
(Glancy)  Peffer  was  a  daughter  of  Wilham  Glancy,  a  native  of  Inland.  William  G.  was 
reared  on  a  farm,  and  with  agricultural  interests  lie  has  always  la-en  considerably  identi- 
fled;  although  lie  lias  carried  on  other  lines  of  business,  he  has  been  ever  active  in  the 
development  of  the  social  and  industrial  life  of  his  locality.  He  has  served  with  credit  in 
official  capacities  in  South  Middleton  Township,  this  county,  and  recently  was  elected  to 
his  present  office,  lie  married  hen-  Rebecca  G.,  daughter  of  Andrew  and  Eliza  Wash- 
wood,  of  Hick  in -on  Township,  to  which  union  two  daughters  and  one  son  have  been  born, 
viz.:  Iva  G.  and  Nettie,  young  ladies  of  clever  literary  and  musical  attainments,  ami  Am- 
brose, :,  student  of  medicine     Mr.  Peffer  has  always  contributed  liberally  to  measures 

tendinur  to  the  welfare  of  his  locality,  and  has  drawn  around  him  the  respect  of  all  classes 
bis  benevolence  and  kindness.     The  family  attend  worship  at  the  First  Presby- 
terian (  liuivh 

WILLIAM  McFUNN  PENROSE  (deceased)  was  born  in  Carlisle,  this  county,  March 
39,  1825,  the  eldest  child  of  Hon.  Charles  Bingham  and  Valeria  Kullcrton  (Biddle)  Pen- 
rose. He  graduated  from  olil  Dickinson  College,  Carlisle,  and.  in  1857  married  Miss  Val- 
eria Collins  Merchant,  who  was  horn  in  Pittsburgh,  Penn..  a  daughter  of  Gen.  Charles 
Spencer  Merchant,  a  native  of  New  York,  and  a  grandson  of  Rev.  Elisha  Spencer.  To 
Mr.  and  Mrs  Penrose  were  horn  four  daughters:  Sarah  Merchant.  Valeria  Biddle,  Ellen 
Williams  and  Jennie  Anderson  Merchant.  They  reside  with  their  mother  on  High  Street, 
Carlisle. 

CAPT.  WILLIAM  MONTGOMERY  PORTER  (deceased),  was  born  in  Carlisle, 
August  5.  1st  is.  and  died  duly  -'?,  1ST:!.  His  grandfather,  Robert  Porter,  with  his  family, 
left  Scotland  and  settled  at  Coleraine.  Ireland.  Robert  Porter  was  stamp  master  of 
County  Down  until  the  Rebellion  of  1798,  when  he  took  part  as  a  "United  Irishman,"  and 
was  the  friend  of  James  N appertatidy,  Thomas  Sedley  Birch,  Robert  Emmet,  and  Lord 
Fitzgerald,  who  were  all  "United  Irishmen,"  and  leaders  in  the  Rebellion.  He  and  his 
eldest  son.  William,  the  father  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  were  pursued  by  the  king's 
troops  and  obliged  to  the  for  their  lives.  They  found  their  way  to  a  seaport,  got  on  hoard 
of  a  vessel  hound  for  America,  and  after  a  three  months'  voyage,  landed  at  Camden,  New 
They,  with  the  rest  of  the  family,  soon  afterward  settled  on  a  small  stream  in 
Lancaster  County,  called  " Swat ara,"  and  after  a  time  they  moved  to  Perry  County  and 
finally  to  Carlisle.  Sarah  Montgomery  Porter,  the  mother  of  William  M.  Porter,  was 
born  in  Carlisle,  near  the  close  of  the' Revolution.  Her  family,  the  Montgomery  s.  were 
from  Scotland  William  M.  Porter  read  law  under  Samuel  A.  McCoskry,  afterward 
bishop  ot  Michigan  and  was  admitted  to  the  Carlisle  bar  in  1835.  He  practiced  for  a  time, 
but  from  1836  to  is:;;i  was  editor  of  the  Perry  Oounty  Freeman,  and  from  1856  to  1861  of 

In    October.  1889,  he  was  commissioned  by  Gov.  David  B.  Porter  as 

captain  of  the  Carlisle  Light  Artillery.     In  isn  he  was  appointed  postmaster  of  < 
and  served  fouryi  ars  under  the  administration  of  President  Tyler.      In  October,  1862,  he 
was  commissioned  by  Gov  Curtin  as  captain  of  Company  A,  One  Hundred  and  Thirtieth 
Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry,  ami  served  until   May  '.'I.    lsiiii,   having  been 
in  the  engagements  at  South  Mountain,  Antietam,  Fredericksburg,  ChancellorsvUle  and 

Petersburg.    Before  this  time.  1851,  Capt.  Porter  had  1 n  elected  treasurer  of  Cumberland 

County.  He  was  a  corresponding  member  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania.  His 
last  position  was  under  Gov.  Hartranfl  in  the  office  of  Secretary  of  the  Commonwealth. 
Capt.  Porter  married  Martha  Vashon,  by  whom  he  had  five  daughters:  Sarah  .1.,  now  Mrs. 
Pelinos;  Fanny  M..  now  Mrs.  William  Mullen:  Mattie,  now  Mrs.  Sellers;  Ida  II.,  now 
Mrs.  Crook;  and  Minnie,  now  Mrs.  Buckingham.  As  a  husband  and  father  ('apt.  Porter 
was  kind,  a-  an  editor  able,  as  a  soldier  brave,  and  as  a  citizen  esteemed,  quiet  and  unos- 
tentatious.    ][,.  is  among  the  number  of  the  citizen-  of  Carlisle,  who  have  .lied  within  the 

memory  of  this  generation    ami  who  well  deserve  to  he  remembered. 

C  \I'T.  RICHARD  HENRY  PRATT,  superintendent  of  the  United  states  Indian  In- 
dustrial School-  at  Carlisle,  to  which  position  he  was  appointed  ill  September,  I"!'-1  i-  a 
native  of  Rushford,  Allegany  Co.,  N.  Y.,  born  December  6,  1840,  a  son  of  Richard  S.  and 


392  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

Mary  (Herrick)  Pratt.     Richard  S.  Pratt,  who  was  a  contractor  and  builder  of  canals, 
consumed  the  Welland  Canal,  in  Canada,  and  the  Wabash  Canal   in  Ohio  and  Indiana 
To  Richard  8-  and  Mary  (Herrick)  Pratt  were  born  three  sons,  of  whom  Capt.  Pratt  is  the 
eldest.     In  the  summer  of  1846,  the  family  moved  to  Logansport  Ind.,  where  our  subject 
attended  the  common  school  and  Logansport  Sem  nary  and  in  1857  he l'^n  ^>  k-arn  the 
tinner's  and  coppersmith's  trades.     He  removed  to  Delphi  in  1858,  where  he  remained 
working  at  his  trade  until  the  breaking  out  of  the  late  Rebellion,  when,  on  April  16   1861 
he  enlisted  in  Company  A,  Ninth  Indiana  Infantry;  was  discharged  July  29,  1861,  and 
Unlisted  in  Company  A,  Second  Indiana  Cavalry,  September  18,  1861,  ami  served  as 
ser-e  nt  and  first  sergeant  until  April  19,  1864,  when  he  was  promoted  first  lieutenant  of 
Company  C,  of  the  Eleventh  Indiana  Cavalry.     September  1.  1864,  he  was  promoted  cap- 
tain of  this  company,  and  May  29.  186:,.  was  mustered  out  of  the  service.     Capt    Pratt 
participated  in  the  battles  of  Philippi,  Va.  June  3  1861;    Laurel  Hi  1  Va     . u      1,  Bel- 
ington.Va.,  July  10,  and  Carrick's  Ford,  Va.,  July  13  and  14;   ip .1862,   bhiloh,  lenn 
April  6  and  7;  Pea  Ridge,  Tenn.,  April  15;  Monterey,  Tenn.,   April  17;  several  engage- 
ments a'oun.l  C..rinth.  Miss.,  April  SO  to  May  30;  Tuscumbia  Creek,  Miss.,  May  31;  Mc- 
M  mi  vile   Tenn.,  August  9;  Gallatin.  August  13  (where  his  horse  was  shot);  engagements 
abm  t  Murfiees  oro   Tenn     August  20,  25?  27,  and  September  7,  New  Haven   Ky.,  captur- 
"eT,     1  Ge  ngn  Cavalry  ui  September;  Perryville.  Ky..  ami  Crab  Orchard,  October 
6   7  and  8;  Stone  River,  December  31  to  January  3,  1863;  in  1863    Mur  reesboro Tenn 
March  10    Shelbyville  Pike.  June  6;  Triune    Tenn.,  June  11;   She  byville    Tenr^     June 
23;  Tullahoma.  June  25;  Middletown,  June  24;  Grey  8  Gap  June  27    Elk  River  Bridge, 
July   2-     Sparta,   August    9;     Chiekamauga,   Ga„    September  19    and   20      Anderson  s 
Cross  Roads   and  pursuit  of  Wheeler  (fighting  daily);  in  1X64,  Huntsville  Ala m  Octo- 
ber- Shoal   Creek    Ala..   November   9;  Lawreneeburg,  Tenn     November  22;  Campbells- 
v  1  ..Tenn.    November  24;  Nashville,  November  15  and  16  where  he  had a horse  killed); 
Hollow  Tree  Gap.  Tenn.,  December  17;  Linnville,  Tenn.,  December  23;  Pu  ask L  Tenn. 
December  25  and  26.     At  the  close  of  the  war  the  Captain  returned  to  Delphi,  lnd    and 
there  worked  at  bis  trade  until  September,  1865.  when  he  went  to  Bement,  Ill     and  one 
yea r  lite. -to  Minnesota,  where  be  remained  for  a  few   months,  and   then   returned to 
Logansport,  Ind.,  and  was  tendered  an  appointment  by  Schuyler  Coif  ax  as  second  heu- 
tenant  in  the  Tenth  Regular  Cavalry,  which  he  accepted,  and  joined  his  company  at  Fort 
Gibson,  Indian  Territory,  in  June,  1867.  and  July  31  of  that  year  was  Promoted ^tot  lieu- 
tenant of  the  same  company,  which  office  be  held  until  February  7  1883,  when  he  was 
promoted  captain      April  20,  1864,  Capt.  Pratt  was  married  to  Miss  Anna  Laura  Mason, 
o    Jane    on    N   Y     r  daughter  of   Belden  B.  and  Mercy  (Whilcomb)  Mason,  to  whom 
hayeheen  born  four' children:  Mason  D.,  born  January  23,  1865;  Cora  Marion   October 
2,  1868;  Nana  Laura.  July  27,   1871,   and  Richenda  Henrietta.  August  25    1882     Capt 
Pratt  belongs  to  St.  John's  Blue  Lodge.  No.  260.    The  Indian  Industrial  School,  of  which 
he  is  at  the  bead,  and  for  whose  improvement  he  has  worked  untiringly  for  years,  owing 
to  his  good  management   is  a  successful  institution. 

CHRISTIAN  RBIGHTER,  brick  mason,  contractor  and  builder,  Carlisle  was  born 
in  that  place  January  10,  1820.  son  of  George  and  Ann  Catherine  (Leibe)  Reighter. 
Geo  ge  RPeighterf  a  stone  and  brick  mason,  contractor  and  builder,  and  ■ .native  rf  Craw- 
ford County,  Penn.,  removed  to  Berks  County  and  thence  to  Carlisle  in  813  where  m 
1816.  he  was  married  to  Miss  Leibe.  a  native  of  Berks  County  and  ^^?tS_^2^ 
tian  an.l  Catherine  (Franklinberger)  Leibe.  He  died  April  7,  1836.  aged  about  thiit>-hve 
years  His  parents  were  Henry  and  Sarah  J.  (Sanders)  Reighter,  the  former  of  whom  a 
native  of  Crawford  County,  came  in  1813  to  Cumberland  County  and  in  ^  ™v d  to 
Pittsburgh.  He  was  also  by  trade  a  brick  and  stone-mason.  To  George  and  Ann  Gather 
ine  (Leibe)  Reighter  were  born  six  sons  and  one  daughter:  ^^■'T^^fJ^^. 
Eleventh  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry  under  Cob  Coulter,  and  was  killed  at  i  reder 
icksbur-  Christian-  Henry  B.,  who  served  in  the  Mexican  war,  and  died  from  dise  ase 
contra  ted  theiein!  Charle^  O.'.  who  served  in  Company  A.  Firet  Regiment  .^nsylvama 
Veteran  Reserve  Volunteers,  and  was  wounded  at  South  Mountain,  and  died  trom  the 
effec  Jo  in  T  .  a  painter  in  Philadelphia  (Charles  O.  and  John  T.  were  twins);  Mary  C 
who  died  in  185  ,  the  wife  of  Henry  McC.nl.  a  farmer  of  Ohio  and  Andrew  J.,  abrick- 
mason  who  also  served  in  the  First  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Veteran  Reserve  Volu* 
teers,  and  died  in  1879.  The  parents  were  identifled-the  father  with  the  El  ^"P8^* 
the  mother  with  the  Lutheran  Church.  Our  subject,  when  young  lea. ned  h e  b  uk  ma 
son's  trade  in  Carlisle,  which  he  has  since  followed.  February  1  1850,  he  was  married  to 
Miss  Sarah  Jane  Dickinson,  a  native  of  Cumberland  County.  Penn.,  and  a  daughter  ot 
David  and  Christian  (Yingest)  Dickinson,  and  to  this  union  have  been  1  <  >  nt wo  c] hih  rem 
Edward  F.,  now  engaged  in  the  grocery  business  in  Gettysburg,  and  Mary  C,  who  resides 

WithWIL£lAMt8F  REILY  physician,  Carlisle,  is  a  native  of  Cumberland  County,  Penn., 
born  at  Caifisle  Deeembei-  2.  1851.  His  grandfather.  James  Reily,  who  was  born  «, .Ire- 
land and  there  educated  for  the  priesthood,  when  a  .young  man  emigrated  to  America 
and  settled  in  Cumberland  County,  Penn.,  and  was  here  married.     William,   a  son  ot 


BOROUGH  OF    CARLISLE.  ■','.r.\ 

James,  married  Miss  Elizabeth  Keroan  and  to  then  were  born  three  suns  and  one  daugh- 
ter: Rev.  Dr.  Theo.  M.  Reily  (professor  of  ecclesiastical  history  in  the  theological  seminary 
in  Nashotah,  Wis  I,  Thomas  A.  1  i > ■  i  1  \  (late  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  United  States 
Infantry  from  lsi;;  10  1871,  when  he  resigned  and  returned  to  Carlisle;  also  chosen  cap- 
tain of  Company  G,  Eighth  Regiment  National  Guard  of  Pennsylvania,  al  its  organ iza- 
I  subsequently  made  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  regiment),  Euphemia  Parker  Reily 
(who  resides  with  her  mother  in  Carlisle),  and  Dr.  W.  :•'.  Reily.  Our  subject  attended 
tin-  common  m  liunl  of  Carlisle  until  eighteen  years  of  age,  when  he  entered  Dickinson 
College,  and  later  entered  the  medical  department  of  the  Oniversitj  of  Pennsylvania  at 
Philadelphia,  from  which  In-  was  graduated  in  March,  isr.V  He  then  Located  at  Carlisle, 
where  he  ion  s  rely  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  profession.     He  is  a  mem- 

ber of  the  Cumberland  County  Medical  Society .  ami  of  the  .Mi  died  Society  of  Pennsylva- 
nia- The  Doctor  ami  wiiv  are  members  of  the  si.  John's  Episcopal  Church,  of  which  he 
is  one  of  the  vestrymen.  Dr.  Reily  is  a  past  master  of  St.  John's' Lodge,  No.  280,  F.  & 
A.  M.     He  has  been  physician  to  the  county  asylum  since  1885. 

I1KNKY   M     RITTER,  merchant   tailor.  Carlisle,  was  born  in  that   place  February  6, 
1847.     He  attended  the  public  schools  of  Carlisle  until  thirteen  years  of  age.  ami  then 

entered   Dickinson   College,    where   he   remained  one  year.      He   next    entered    Eastman's 

Business  College,  at    Poughkeepsie,  X.  Y,  from  which  he  was  graduated  in  1863.     Hi1 

then  returned  to  Carlisle  and  embarked  in  his  present  business,  Succeeding  his  father.    He 

carries  a  full  a  ml  complete  stock  of  fine  imported  and  domestic  goods,  January  in,  l^nn, 
Mr.  Hitter  married  Miss  M.  Mayburj  Sassier,  of  Carlisle,  a  native  of  Philadelphia,  and  a 

r  of  John  P.  and  Amelia  M.  (Herr)  Hassler,  Mr.  Hassler  was  a  native  of  Frank- 
lin County,  l'enn..  and  for  many  years  was  cashier  id'  the  Carlisle  Deposit  Hank.  Mrs. 
Hassler  was  a  native  of  Franklin  County,  a  sister  of  the  Hon.  A.  J.  Herr.  U.  Slate 
Senator,  and  a  daughter  of  Daniel  Herr,  proprietor  of  tic  "  Tremont,"  Philadelphia,  and 
the  "Lochiel,"  Harrisburg.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ri  tier  have  two  sons:  John  E.  and  Harrj  G., 
bi ah  born  in  Carlisle.    The  mother  is  identified  with  the  Reformed  church.    'I' he  parents 

nbject  arc  Henry  8.  and  Mary  (Wonderlich)  Ritter,  natives,  the  former  of  Heading, 
Berks  County,  and  the  latter  of  Cumberland  County.  Henry  8.  Ritter,  a  merchant  tailor 
by  occupation,  opened,  in  1837,  the  first  merchant  tailoring  establishment  in1  Carlisle.  He 
and  his  wile  are  members  of  the  English  Lutheran  Church.  To  them  were  born  three 
sons  and   five  daughters,  of  whom  two  sons  and   two  .laughters  are  living:    Mary  F.    (wife 

of  Robert  McCartney,  foreman  of  the  printers  in  the  office  of  the  Mechamcsburg  Journal), 
Fannie  A.  (wife  of  John  11.  Rheem,  a  piano  and  music  dealer  at  Ottumwa,  Iowa),  Henry 

M.,  ami  Charles  ][.  (tailor  of  Carlisle,  who  married  Miss  Anna  Keep).  Benjamin  Crane, 
great-grandfather  of  Henry  M.  Ritter,  was  a  native  id'  England,  and  in  an  early  day  set- 
tled in  Cumberland  County,  and  was  engaged  in  farming.  "Christiana  Crane,  his  widow, 
a  native  of  Herks  County,  died  in  Carlisle,  at  the  advanced  age  of  one  hundred  and  four 
taining   her  mind  and  being  quite  active  to  the  last.     Her  death  was  caused  by  a 

fall  and  from  fright  during  the  bombarding  of  Carlisle  by  the  rebels  in  1863,  a  shell  burst- 
ing in  her  room.  The  Ritters  are  of  German  descent.  Samuel,  the  grandfather  of  Henry 
M  .  wa-  In, ru  in  Reading,  l'enn..  of  which  city  he  was  a  merchant  and  served  as  post 
master  for  a  period  of  twentj  vr.ar-.     His  wife  was  Catherine  Hast,  a  native  of  Reading. 

HON.   WILBUR  F.  SADLER,  Carlisle,  was  bom    in   Adams   County,   l'enn.,  October 

l-l,  1840,  bis  paternal  ancestor  being  among  the  first  settlers  of  Adams  County.    Richard 

Sadler  emigrated  from  England  about  the  middle  of  the  last  century  and  .settled  in  that 

Pennsylvania  now   forming  Adams  County.     In  1750   he   took   out    a  warrant  for 

land  which  is  still  in  nue  of  lus  descendants.      He  w'as  buried  in  1764, 

at  Christ  Church,  Huntington  Township,  of  wdiieh  he  was  one  of  the  early  members, 

His  son.  Isaac,  married  Mary  Hammersly.  and  their  eldest  child  was  named  Richard.      He 

married  Rebei  I  their  second  son,  Joshua,  became   the  father  of  Wilbur  F. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  brought  by  his  parents  to  Cumberland  County  the  year 

following  his  birth,     aim    the  completion  of  his  education,  in    1863,  he  enlisted  in  a 

cavalry  c puny,  which  was    mustered   into  the    United    Males    service    for    the  "  eruer- 

tinie  of    Lee's  invasion  of  Pennsylvania,      lie  was  admit  ted  to  t  he  Carlisle 
bar  in  1861,  and  besides  acquiring  a  large  ;  actively  connected  with  the  educa- 

tional and  business  interests  ol  tin- place,  serving  as  a  director  of  the  common  schools, 
trustei    n:    Dickinson   Colli  of   several  csrporations,  and   president  of  the 

Farmers'  bank.  In  1869  he  was  nominated  by  the  Republican  party  lor  t  he  State  Semite, 
in  the  district  composed  of  York  and  Cumberland;  was  elected  district  attorney  two 
years  afters  ird,  ami  president  judge  of  the  Ninth  Judicial  District  of  Pennsylvania 
in  1884,  having  been  defeated  for  the  Bame  office  ten  years  previous 

WILLIAM  SADLER,  Heidlersburg,   Adams   County,  was  born   November  16, 1816. 

He  is  a  sun  ol  William  Sadler,  Who  was  born  October  t,  1777.  and  died  duly  8,  1*1*  His 
grandfather  v.  Her,  and    his    great    grandfather    Richard    Sadler,   who    was    a 

native  of  England  and  settled  near  York  Springs  prior  to  1750.  His  mother  was  Lydia 
Lease.  Mr.  Sadler  has  been  a  resident  of  Heidlersburg  for  many  years.  His  energy, 
business  foresight,  facility  of  accumulation  and  wise  investments  have  made  his  counsels 


394  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES : 

valuable  and  much  sought  in  financial  matters.     He  is  a  director  of  the   Dillsburg  Na- 

tlOUJOHN  SCHMOHL  Sr.,  baker,  Carlisle,  was  born  at  Metzingen,  Wurtemburg, 
Germany,  November  16,  1824,  a  son  of  Jacob,  and  Catharine  Schmohl  who  came  to 
Cumberland  County  in  1846,  former  of  whom  died  in  1868,  and  latter  m  1859.  The  aub- 
iect  of  our  sketch  learned  his  trade  in  the  old  country,  and  coming  here  embarked  in 
the  business  with  which  he  has  since  been  successfully  connected.  He  was  married  here 
to  Elizabeth  Fredericka,  whom  he  buried  in  January,  1863.  and  who  left  him  three  sons 
and  three  daughters:  Philip,  Lena,  Jacob,  John,  Catharine  and  Lizzie.  Mr  Schmohl 
was  again  happily  married,  this  time  to  Catharine  Weidman.  a  native  of  Arnstaafer, 
Hessen  Darmstadt  (the  place  of  nativity  of  his  first  wife)  and  who  came  to  America  in 
1838 la  daughter  of  Jacob  Weidman,  who  died  here  in  1869,  his  widow  following  him  in 
Sentember  188.'',  aged  eighty-seven  years.  Mr.  Schmohl  is  one  of  Carlisle  s  public  spir- 
ited citizens,  and  has  contributed  liberally  to  the  support  of  the  industrial  interests  of  the 
place.  He  is  a  prominent  Knight  of  Pythias,  and  has  done  much  toward  keeping  alive 
the  society  here.     The  family  attend  services  at  ihe  Lutheran  Church.  • 

ALEXANDER  BRADY  SHARPE.  Esq..  of  Carlisle,  son  of  John  and  Jane  (McCune) 
Sharpe,  was  borh  in  Newton  Township,  Cumberland  County,  on  the  12th  of  August,  182, 
His  ancestors,  paternal,  and  maternal,  were  among  the  first  settlers  in  the  upper  end  of 
the  county.  His  great  grandparents  on  his  father's  side,  Thomas  and  Margaret  (Elder) 
Sharp  were  Covenanters,  who,  because  of  their  religious  faith,  were  driven  from  Scotland 
to  the  province  of  Ulster  in  the  North  of  Ireland,  about  or  shortly  after  the  middle  of  the 
seventeenth  century,  and  resided  near  Belfast,  in  the  County  of  Antrim,  until  about  the 
year  1747  when  they  immigrated  with  their  children,  consisting  of  five  sons  and  four 
daughters,  to  Cumberland  County,  Penn.,  and  settled  in  Newton  Township.  His  grand- 
father was  Alexander  Sharp,  of  Green  Spring,  the  youngest  of  the  Ave  sons  ^mater- 
nal great-grandparents  were  James  McCune  and  Abigail,  his  wifc%  of  Newton  Township, 
whole  son  Samuel  married  Hannah  Brady,  a  daughter  of  Hugh  Brady  the  second  whose 
father  Hu<>h  Brady,  was  an  emigrant  from  Enmskillen,  and  one  ot  the  fiist  settleis  in 
that  portion  of  the  county  now  embraced  in  Hopewell  Township.  He  began  his  studies 
preparatory  to  entering  college  with  Joseph  Casey  the  elder,  father  of  Hon.  Joseph  Casey, 
at  Newville  in  1839.  and  after  his  death  continued  them  at  Academia.  Juniata  County, 
and  completed  them  with  Vanleer  Davis,  at  Chambersburg;  entered  the  sophomore  class 
at  Jefferson  College,  Cannonsburg,  Penn.,  in  1843,  and  graduated  on  the  23d  of  September 
1846  with  the  highest  honors  of  his  class.  The  college  was  then  under  the  presidency  of 
Rev'  Dr  Robert  J.  Breckenridge,  and  two  of  his  classmates  were  Hon.  William  H.  West, 
of  Ohio  and  Hon.  John  M.  Kirkpatrick.  of  Pittsburgh.  On  his  return  from  college  he  com- 
menced' the  study  of  law  with  Robert  M.  Bard,  Esq. .  of  Chambersburg  and  completed  his 
course  with  Hon  Frederick  Watts,  of  Carlisle.  Hugh  Gaullagher,  Esq.,  W  M.  Biddle, 
Esci  and  Hon.  J.  H.  Graham,  were  the  committee  appointed  to  examine  him,  and  on 
motion  of  the  last  named  he  was,  on  the  21st  of  November,  1848,  admittedtopract.ee 
He  remained  with  Judge  Watts  until  the  1st  of  April,  1849,  when  he  opened  an  office  and 
has  since  been  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  profession  except  during  the  years  of 
the  war  of  the  Rebellion,  when  from  the  21st  of  April.  1861,  until  the  28th  of  January 
1865  (less  the  period  from  the  27th  of  December,  1862,  to  the  28th  of  August  1863),  he 
was  constantly  in  the  service  as  a  private  or  a  commissioned  officer.  April  ~1  IBbl,  he 
Tnlisted  as  a  private  in  Company  A,  Seventh  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Reserve  Volunteer 
Corps  and  served  as  such  until  the  25th  of  September,  when  he  was  commissioned  second 
lieutenant  of  Company  E,  and  appointed  adjutant  of  the  regiment.  On  the  4th  ot  De- 
cember he  was  relieved  from  duty  with  his  regiment,  which  was  a  part  of  the  Second 
Brigade  (Meade's)  of  McCall's  division,  and  ordered  to  report  to  Bng.-Gen.  Ord.  com- 
manding the  Third  Brigade,  who  had  appointed  him  aide-de-camp.  He  joined  Gen.  Ord 
the  same  day  and  served  on  his  personal  staff  until  the  General  was  wounded  and  dis- 
abled temporarily  for  field  service,  when  he  resigned.  After  Ord's  recovery  he  was,  at  the 
General's  instance,  again  commissioned  a  captain  and  assigned  to  duty  with  him,  whew 
he  served  until  he  resigned  on  the  28lh  of  January,  1865.  During  the  war  he  was  in  held 
service  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  of  the  Rappahannock,  in  the  Army  of  the  Tennes- 
see Army  of  West  Virginia,  Army  of  the  Gulf,  and  in  the  Army  of  the  James.  Hepar- 
tfci'pated  in  the  engagement  at  Drainesville,  on  the  20th  of  December  1861;  the  battle  of 
Iuka  September  18  and  20,  1862,  Big  Hatchie,  October  5,  1862;  Burnside's  Mine  Explosion, 
lulv'30  1864-  Battle  of  New  Market  Heights,  or  Chapin's  Farm,  and  capture  of  *  ort  Har- 
rison  September  9  and  10.  1864.     He  was  brevetted  and  promoted  to  the  rank  of  captain 

and  aide-de-camp,   1   nited  States    \nn.v.   for    gallanl    I    n-e,  H  nno„s  -ei-vice   at   the  ha  tie 

of  Drainesville.  and  on  the  13th  of  March.  1865  (on  the  recommendation  of  Gens  Ord 
Meade  and  Grant)  received  the  brevet  ranks  of  major,  lieutenant-colonel  and  colonel  United 
State  i  Volunteers  for  gallant  conduct  at  Petersburg  and  the  various  affairs  before  Rich- 
mond Va  On  the  19th  of  December,  1854,  Col.  Sharpe  married  Katherine  Mean  Blaney, 
"daughter  of  the  late  Maj.  George  Blaney.  Engineer  Corps.  United  States  Army.  He 
never  held  an  office,  and  never  was  a  candidate  for  any,  political,  judicial  or  otherwise, 


BOROI'cil  OF  CARLISLE.  395 

but  he  has  political  convictions  coeval  with  the  existence  of  his  party,  from  which  he  has 
never  turned  away,  a  sense  of  professional  and  social  duty  which  has  never  yel  caused 
him  in  be  ashamed,  and  an  abiding  faith  in  the  doctrines  of  the  church  of  his  fathers, 

DR  ROBERT  I.owky  SIBBET,  Carlisle,  was  born  in  Cumberland  County,  Penn. 
His  paternal  grandfather,  Samuel  Sibbet,  and  grandmother,  Alice  Lowry,  with  their 
brothers,  John,  James  and  Robert  Sibbet,  and  three  sisters,  Mrs.  Gotirley,  Mrs.  McCann 
and  Mrs.  Copely,  emigrated  from  the  North  of  Ireland  about  the  close  of  the  last  century 
His  maternal  grandfather,  Timothy  Ryan,  and  grandmother,  Rachel  Williamson,  also 
emigrated  from  the  North  of  Ireland  about  the  same  time.  Samuel  Sibbet  was  a  man  of 
decided  political  convictions,  and  on  account  of  his  pronounced  sentiments  50  guineas 
were  offered  for  his  head.  He  was,  however,  not  without  friends,  and  after  bidding  fare- 
well to  his  wife  and  three  children  .lames.  Robert  and  Thomas  set  out  for  America, 
lie  reached  Baltimore  in  the  early  part  of  1800,  in  a  concealed  manner,  being  connected 
with  the  Order  of  Freemason-  A  tew  months  later  his  devoted  wife,  having  disposed  oi 
their  personal  effects,  ventured  to  cross  the  ocean  with  her  three  helpless  children,  and 
landed  -atviv  at  the  same  port.  Having  heard  of  t  he  Scotch  Irish  settlement  in  the  Cum 
berland  Valley,  they  proceeded  at  once  to  the  head  of  the  Big  Spring  where  they  were 

welcomed    by    their    numerous    Presbyterian    friends.      To    their  small   family    were    Inn 

added  Samuel,  Margaret,   Lowry  and   Hugh    Montgomery.    Thomas  Sibbet  was  horn  in 

County  Armagh,  Ireland,  in  1 7!*7.  Catherine  Ryan,  whom  he  married,  was  born  in  Cum- 
berland  County  in  1793  and  by  this  union  were  horn  Rachel  A.,  Dr.  Holier!  L.,  Henry 
W.,  Rev.  William  R.,  Elder  ('..  Joanna  .1  and  Anna  M  Sibbet.  The  subject  of  this  sketch 
graduated  in  Pennsylvania  College,  Gettysburg,  with  the  degree  of  A.  B.  in  1856.  lie 
afterward  engaged  in  teaching  a  classical  scl 1.  Brst  in  Centreville,  and  then  in  Shippens- 

hurg,  in  hi-  native  county,  until  1862,  w  hen  he  began  the  study  of  medicine.  He  era  dil- 
ated with  the  degree  of  M.  I>.  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, in  1866, and  in  the  mean- 
time the  degree  of  A.  M.  was  conferred  upon  him.  He  practiced  his  profession  in  Har- 
risburg and  afterward  in  New  Kingston.  In  1870  he  visited  Europe,  where  be  spent  two 
full  years  in  the  universities  and  hospitals,  being  seven  months  in  Paris  during  the  enl in' 
Siege,  two  months  in  Berlin,  ten  month-  in  Vicuna  and  two  months  in  London.  After  re- 
turning from  Europe  Dr.  Sibbet  settled  in  Carlisle  as  a  general  practitioner,  where  he 
still  resides.  In  1S7:S  the  medical  society  of  the  State  appointed  him  chairman  of  a 
committee  on  medical  legislation,  and  it  was  mainly  through  his  persevering  efforts,  in 
the  midst  of  great  opposition,  that  the  passage  of  the  present  registration  law  was  secured. 
In  |sn.',  nine  months  after  the  law  look  effect,  he  collected  statistics  and  made  a  report 
to  the  society,  which  shows  that  6,492  practitioners  had  voluntarily  complied  with  the  law 
in  the  several  counties,  that  838  of  these  were  practicing  without  graduation,  and  that 
105  were  females.  At  the  same  lime  he  corresponded  with  a  large  number  of  promi- 
nent medical  gentlemen  in  the  United  States,  and  in  1876  was  instrumental  in  effecting 
the  organization  of  the  American  Academy  of  Medicine,  an  association  founded  on  pro- 
tracted ciaiises  of  literary  and  medical  study  with  degrees  corresponding  thereto.  As  a 
recognition  of  these  services  he  has  recently  been  elected  "  vice  president  of  the  section  of 
-  in  the  Ninth  International  Medical  Congress,  to  be  held  in  Washington,  l>  ('.. 
in  1887."  He  has  been  a  frequent  contributor  to  the  literature  of  his  profession,  and  has 
now  in  manuscript  lorm.  nearly  completed,  a  series  of  chapters  on  the  Franco-Prussian 
w  ar  and  siege  of    Paris. 

ALEXANDER  D.  BACHE  SMEAD  was  born  in  Carlisle,  March  24,  1848.  He  is  the 
youngest  child  of  Capt.  Raphael  C.  Smead,  Fourth  United  State-  Artillery.  The  latter 
New  Bnglander  by  birth,  descended  from  a  family  established  in  'Massachusetts 
two  centuries  ago.  Hi-  parents,  Selah  and  Elizabeth  (Cummings)  Smead,  removed  to 
Genesee  <  lounl  v.  New  York,  and  from  there  the  son  was  sent  to  the  Wesl  Point  Military 
Academy  in  1821,  graduating  four  years  later.  In  1829  he  married  Sarah  M.  Radcliffe, 
daughter  of  John   and   Jane  (Van   Ness)  Radcliffe,  of  Dutchess  County,  New  York,  a 

Wpman  of  beauty  and  talent  and  of  remarkable  force  of  character.  He  thus  allied  himself 
with  several  Of  the  oldest  colonial  families  of  New  York,  which  have  furnished  that  State 
with  some  of  her  ablest  judges,  both  for  the  supreme  and  inferior  courts,  a-  well  as  men 
prominent  at  the  liar  and  in  official  life.  Both  of  Mrs.  Sniead'-  parents  were  of  Hutch  ex- 
traction, Some  Of  het  father'-  ancestors  having  emigrated  from  Holland  to  New  Amster- 
dam a- early  a-  the  year  1630,   and  their  descendants   intermarried  with  later  English  and 

Huguenot  settlers.     Capt.    8l id   passed   unhurt   through  the  Florida   and  the   Mexican 

Wars,  but  had  barely  reached  American  soil,  on   his  return  from   the  latter,  when  he  fell    a 

victim  to  yellow  fever  contracted  at   Vera  Cruz.     Having,  in  1^1?   been  sent  North  for  a 

short  lime  to  Carlisle  Barracks  to  recruit  additional  men  for  his   regiment,    he  had  left  his 

wife  and  children  in  Carlisle  when  he  himself  rejoined  Gen.  Sc  ant's  arm  v.  Her  husband's 
sudden  death,  in  1848,leftMrs  Sua  ad  among  comparative  strangers  and  in  very  straightened 
circumstances      But    adversity    could   not   overcome   h  nature."    Deciding  to 

make  Carlisle  her  home,  ahe  at  once  took  up  her  increased  burden  of  responsibility,  and 
carried  it  to  the  end  without  tl  inching,  she  still  (in  1886J  re -ides  iii  the  town  where  she  so 
successfully  reared  and  educated  hersons  and  daughters.    Raphael  < !.  and  Sarah  M,  Smead 


396  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

had  the  following  children:  First— John  R.  Smead.  He  graduated  at  West  Point  in 
1854  and  was  commissioned  lieutenant  in  the  Second  Uniied  States  Artillery,  spent  a 
couple  of  years  on  the  Indian  frontier,  acted  as  assistant  professor  of  philosophy  at  West 
Point,  and  was  on  topographical  engineer  duty  when  the  war  of  the  Rebellion  broke  out. 
The  disloyalty  of  the  captain  of  the  "National  Rifles,"  of  Washington,  led  to  Capt. 
Smead'a  detail,  by  their  request,  to  reorganize  and  command  them  until  Northern  troops 
could  arrive  for  the  defense  of  the  Capital.  With  this  company  he  led  the  first  advance 
of  tlie  Union  Army  into  Virginia.  He  was  soon  promoted  captain  in  the  Fifth  Umied 
States  Artillery,  commanded  his  battery  through  the  Peninsular  campaign,  and  was 
killed  in  battle  August  30,  1862.  He  married  Annie  B.  Ege,  of  Carlisle,  and  left  one  child, 
Raphael  C.  Smead,  now  a  civil  engineer.  Second— Elizabeth  C.  Smead.  She_chedin 
infancy.  Third-ELizABETH  C.  Smead.  She  has  made  music  her  profession.  She  has 
hem  a  member  of  the  faculty  of  "Metzger  Institute"  since  its  foundation,  andhas  charge 
of  the  department  of  instrumental  music.  Fourth— Jane  V.  N.  Smead.  Since  1865  she 
has  been  the  wife  of  John  Hays,  Esq.,  of  Carlisle.  Fifth— Raphael  C.  Smead.  He  was 
book-keeper  of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Carlisle,  and  died  May  25.  1869.  unmarried. 
Sixth— Sarah  Cornelia  Smead.  She  resides  with  her  mother  in  Carlisle.  Seventh— A. 
D.  B.  Smead. 

The  latter  graduated  in  1863  from  the  public  schools  of  Carlisle,  then  studied  until 
1863  at  the  preparatory  school  of  Dickinson  College,  and  in  1864  entered  that  college, 
from  which  he  graduated  June  25,  1868,  with  the  first  honors.  In  the  spring  of  that 
year  he  was  nominated  by  the  President  for  a  commission  in  the  Regular  Army,  and 
passed  an  examination  before  a  board  of  military  officers  convened  for  that  purpose.  On 
August  1,  1868,  he  was  commissioned  second  lieutenant  in  the  Third  United  States 
Cavalry.  He  was  an  officer  of  that  regiment  for  over  eleven  years.  He  was  stationed  in 
Pennsylvania,  New  Mexico,  Arizona,  California,  Nebraska.  Wyoming,  Dakota  and  Mon- 
tana; was  much  on  active  duty  in  the  field  and  occasionally  engaged  in  Indian  hostilities. 
He  was  promoted  first  lieutenant  in  1871,  and  regimental  adjutant  in  1878.  In  1879  he 
resigned  from  the  army  for  the  purpose  of  practicing  law.  to  the  study  of  which  he  had 
devoted  much  attention  in  connection  with  his  military  duties.  His  legal  studies  were 
completed  in  Philadelphia,  and  he  was  admitted  to  the  liar  of  that  city  as  well  as  to  thai  of 
Cumberland  County.  He  then  settled  in  his  native  place  for  the  practice  of  his  profession. 
Mr.  Smead  has  spent  over  two  years  in  Europeau  travel  and  study.  He  has  long  been  a 
member  of  ihe  Second  Presbyterian  Church,  of  which  he  is  also  a  trustee. 

LEMUEL  R.  SPONG.  register  of  wills,  Carlisle,  was  born  on  a  farm  in  East  Penns- 
borough  Township,  Cumberland  County,  Penn.,  May  21,1855,  a  son  of  Joseph  and  Caroline 
(Marsh)  Spong,  the  former  a  native  of  the  same  county  and  township  and  the  latter  of 
York  County.  Joseph  Spong  was  a  son  of  John  Spong,  also  a  native  of  East  Pennstiorough 
Township,  and  his  (John's)  father,  John  Leonard  Spong,  a  native  of  Germany,  who  was 
married  there,  immigrated  to  America,  and  settled  in  East  Peunsborough  Township,  this 
coun'y.  John  Spong,  father  of  Joseph  Spong,  married  Barbara  Dewerton,  of  Dauphin 
County.  Penn..  and  had  ten  children.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Joseph  Spong  were  born  four  chil- 
dren, all  of  whom  are  dead  except  Lemuel  R.  When  our  subject  was  six  years  of  age  his 
father  moved  to  West  Fairview,  Cumberland  County,  where  Lemuel  attended  school  until 
he  was  thirteen  years  old,  when  he  went  to  work  for  the  Harrisburg  Nail-works,  with 
which  he  remained  in  the  .capacities  of  office  hoy,  clerk  and  shipping  clerk  until  1873, 
when,  in  connection  with  the  position  he  was  holding,  he  acted  as  agent  for  the  Adams 
Express  Company,  and  later  became  freight  agent  for  the  Northern  Central  Railroad. 
From  1874  until  1885.  during  the  fall  and  winter  seasons,  he  was  engaged  in  buying  and 
shipping  all  kinds  of  produce.  October  24,  1875,  Mr.  Spong  was  married  to  Miss  Rosa 
Mann,  a  native  of  East  Pennsborough  Township,  this  county,  and  a  daughter  of  George 
and  Mary  A.  (Eslinger)  Mann,  both  of  this  county. 

HUGH  STUART  was  born  in  County  Antrim,  Ireland.  June  23,  1758;  came  to 
America  in  1784;  and,  in  1790,  married  Ruth  Patterson  and  settled  on  the  Patterson  tract 
of  land  on  the  head  of  Letort  Spring,  in  what  is  now  South  Middleton  Township.  Ruth 
Patterson  was  born  in  Scotland,  in  1763.  The  children  of  this  marriage  were  five  sons: 
Hugh,  William,  John.  James  and  Joseph.  Hugh  and  William  died  in  early  life;  John 
settled  in  this  county;  and  James  and  Joseph  went  with  their  father  to  Bueyrus,  Ohio, 
in  1821,  where  they  were  the  first  settlers.  Hugh  Stuart,  Sr.,  died  there  in  18o4, 
at  the  age  of  ninety-eight  years.  All  of  the  family  are  now  dead,  except  Joseph,  who 
still  lives  in  Bueyrus,  now  in  his  eighty-seventh  year.  John  Stuart,  the  third  son,  was 
born  at  the  head  of  the  Letort.  in  October,  1794.  January  4, 1816.  he  married  Barbara  Steam, 
a  daughter  of  John  and  Elizabeth  (Cairns)  Stem,  also  of  County  Antrim,  Ireland.  Ten 
children  were  born  to  this  union,  eight  of  whom  lived  to  maturity,  the  sons  being  Hugh, 
John  Joseph  A..  James  T.  and  William  P. ;  and  the  daughters:  Amelia,  married  to  Thomp- 
son Weakley;  Elizabeth,  married  to  William  Wherry,  and  Martha  A.,  married  to  George 
Searight.  John  Stuart,  the  father,  after  his  marriage,  lived  in  Carlisle,  and  was  engaged 
in  miflino-  until  1827,  when  he  moved  to  his  farm  in  South  Middleton.  He  was  appointed 
associate^ udge  of  Cumberland  County,  under  the  Constitution,  in  1835,  for  life.    After  the 


BOROUGH  OF  CARLISLE.  397 

judiciarj  was  made  elective,  be  held  the  office  in  election  until  1857.  He  died  in  1870 
Hi-  eldest  son,  Hush,  was  born  in  the  latter  part  of  1816;  was  a  farmer;  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature  during  the  two  sessions  of  1857  and  1858;  in   1861   was  elected  associate 

nd  held  the  office  by  re-election  until  1871  II.-  died  in  ihso.  .t,,^,.,,i,  \  the  only 
surviving  Bon,  was  born  in  1836  and  still  farms  in  South  Middleton  Township  this  county 
He  was  married,  in  1850,  to  Man  A.  McCune,  whose  grandfather,  of  Scotch  Irish  parent 
age,  settled  near  Shippenaburg,  on  the  farm  where  hi-  descendants  still  live  Their  chil- 
dren living  arc  John  T.  and  II    S.  Stuart. 

JOHN  T  STUART,  prosecuting  attorney  of  Cumberland  County,  and  of  the  firm  of 
Stuart  &  Stuart,  attorneys  at  law,  Carlisle,  was  born  in  South  Middleton  I'm  nship  May 

son  ol  Joseph  A.  and  .Man    A.  (McCune)  Stuart,  worthy  people  of  a  yery  long 

(1  iscent  in  tins  locality.     Mr.  Stuart  spent  two  years  in  Susquehanna  College   and? 

after  a  short  time  at  West  Nottingham  Academy,  Md.,  entered  Princeton  in   1870   from 

which  inshtuti was  graduated  in  1874.     Be  then  entered  upon  the  study  of  law  and 

was  admitted  to  the  har  in  1876,  and  in  1888  was  elected  to  his  present  incumbency  which 
he  v,  n  creditabh  tills  J 

REUBEN  8WARTZ,  the  general  proprietor  of  the  "Thudium  lions,."  Carlisle  is  a 
native  ol  (  umberland  County,  born  three  miles  north  of  Hogestown    in  Silver  Snrin.r 

!'   February   II,  1845,  a  son  of  Peter  and  Catherine  (Burtnerj  Swartz   both  na- 

Silver  Spring  Township,  and  descendants  of  old  families  of  Cumberland  County 
When  nine  years  oldhe  went  to  live  with  his  uncle  at  Bridgeport,  this  county  and  re 
numed  with  him  fiveyears.    lie '.hen  learned  the  plasterer's  trade  at  Meehanicsburg  where 

ars;   then  went  to  Canton,  Ohio,  and  worked   at    his   trade   tWO  years 

when  he  returned  to  Pennsylvania  and  located  at  Titusville  four  years  He  formed  a 
partnership  with  Francis  Le  Rew,  and  they  conducted  the  "White  Hall  Hotel  "at  Harris- 
burg,  I  enn.     I  wo  years  later.  .Mr.  Swan/,  engaged  in  buying  and  selling  borsesand  clerk 

ingal  the  "White  Hall  Hotel."  In  the  spring  of  1*78  he  came  to  Carlisle  and  leased  the 
lliudium  House,  which  In-  -till  conducts.  In  1884  he  formed  a  partnership  with  S  P 
Jackson,  and  dealt  m  horses  and  general  -lock.  March  11,  1878,  he  married  Miss  Alice 
Simons.  She  was  born  and  reared  in  Landisburg,  Perry  County,  a  daughter  of  George  and 
(  aihenne  .1,  it  arktn-oni  Simons.  Her  father  was  in  the  Mexican  war  as  a  drummer-boy 
also  served  in  the  civil  war.  He  was  a  son  of  George  Simons,  a  soldier  in  the  war  of  isr>- 
both  were  blacksmiths.  To  Mr.  and  Mr-.  Swart/  two  sons  were  born,  one  living  William 
I,  bom  March  t,  1879.  Mr  Swart/  i-  a  member  of  Cumberland  Mar  Lodge,  A  F  &  A 
->.''-  1!''  keeps  a  tir-t  .lass  house  in  even-  respect,  neat  ami  well  furnished  and 
be  and  wife  pay  special  attention  to  the  comfort  of  their  guests.  They  are  justly  popu- 
lar and  have  hosts  ol  friends  During  the  civil  war.  in  1804,  Mr.  Swart/  drove  a  (Jovcru- 
ment  wagon  one 

FRANK  E.  THOMPSON,  of  thefirm  of  Dale  &  Thompson,  grain  and  coal  merchants 

Carlisle,  was  bom  in  that  place  December  1,   1847,  son  of  Joseph  C.  and  Jane  (Smith 

lives  ol  Carlisle,  where  they  now  reside,  respected  citizens,  latter  a  member 

aethodist   Episcopal  Church.    Joseph  C.  Thompson  is  a  printer  by  trade    having 

learned  the  business   in  the  office  of   the  ,1  mrricin    Volunteer  and  other  papers  of   Carli   te 

and   lor  many    year-    he  was    foreman  in    the  office  Of   the    VoliniU.rimA  Carlisle    Herald 

he\  had  four  -,.n- and  five  daughters,  of  whom  three  sons  and  ihre,.  daughters  are  living- 
Snmt'  t -"     i  ■" '  HeTck,e,r'  :l  carpenter  and  contractor,  of  Carlisle;  Salhe  S.,  unmarried- 

frank  h  :  Harriet  I      .1    Marlm,  engaged  in  the  transfer  business,  in  Carlisle;  John  M 
saddler  ol  (  arlisle,  andFrankE.    Our  subject  was  educated  at  the  schools  of  his  native 

place,  and  at  the  age  oi  -even teen  year-  began  clerking  in  a  dry  g Is  store  for  Leidich  & 

il  •  arli-le,  with  whom   he  remained  for  a  short  time.     'lie  next  worked  for  a  brief 

period  at  the  carpenter's  trade,  when  he  went  to  Harrisburg,  where  he  clerked  be  ,,,,< 

■  d  as  clerk  with  G.  B.  Hoffman,  in  the  grocery  business,  with  who,,, 

""    "Die    When   be  was    appointed    a-ent  at,  Carlisle   for  the    Adams 
I   ompany,  winch  position  he  held  for  five  years,  when  he  resigned  and  bought  the 

interest  of  Mr.  A.  Bosler,  in  the  grain  and  coal  house  of  A.  Bosler  A-   Dale,  and  the  firm 

has  since  bee,  Dale  A-    Ihonip-M,,.      March  III,   1878,   \|r.  Thompson  married    Mi-  Annie  S 

Black,  who  was  born  in  Carlisle,  a  daughter  of  Robert  M.  and  Sarah  (Barnl 

natives  of  <  umberland  County,  former  an  architect,  contractor  and  builder,  of  Crlisle' 
Mr.  and    Mr-,    rhompson    have   two  children:   Laura    A.  and    Nellie.      Mr-.  Thompson  i-   a 

memberoi  the  Reformed  Church,  and  Mr.  Thompson  is  a  member  of  St.  John  Lodge  No 
880,  1.  A-  A  M,  si.  John's  Chapter,  No   171,  R.  A.  M  .  K.  T.,  St,  John  Commandery  No' 
[ember  of  Carlisle  Lodge  No.  91, 1.  0.  O.  P.,  and  a  member  of  the  1   0   II      lie  is 
among  the  enterprising  and  representative  men  of  Carlisle 

ALEXANDER  A,  THOMSON,    M,   D,   Carlisle,   was  bom   on  the  old  family  farm 
near  Scotland.  Franklin  Co.,  Penn.,  February  11,  1841.     Hi-  . 

tron,  Scotland  I"  Franklin  County. with  hi-  family  of  thirteen  children  in  1777   ami 

midway  between  Shippensburg  and  Chambersburg,  at   a  point  now  called  Scotland    in 

i  in-  native  place.     His  son,  John,  grandfather  of  our  subject,  married  Hannah 

liea,  and  six  daughters  and  two  sons  were  born  to  them:  Nancy,  married  to  John  Ken- 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 


frew   Eliza,  married  to  William  Agnew;  Margaret,  married  to  a  Mr.  Lusk;  Hannah, 
married  to  Robert  McKee;  Sarah,  married  to  Adam  Brown;  Ann,  married  to >  Dr.  D.  S 
McGowan;  Alexander,  married  to  Margaret  Kerr,  and  Samuel,  the  youngest,  and  fa  her  ot 
subieet   married  to  Miss  Mary  Kyner,  a  daughter  of  George  and  Christina  (Nye)  Ivyner. 
Samuel  and  Mary  (Kyner)  Thomson  were  members  of  the  Reformed  Presbyterian  Cjiurch, 
and  had  nine  children,  three  sons  and  three  daughters  living:  Elizabeth,   wife  ot  John 
Wilson,  a  farmer,  of  Chester  County,  Penn.;  Agnes,  wife  of  George  Dice,   a  grocer   of 
Shippensburg;    John  R.,    a  farmer,   of  Frankliu  County;   Alexander  A.;    McLeod  W., 
superintendent  of  "maintenance  of  way"  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railway,  at  Altoona,  Penn., 
and  Miss  Mary  A.,  who  resides  with  Alexander  A.     When  Alexander  A.  was  twelve  yeara 
old  his  father  moved  to  Fayetteville  and  bought  an  interest  in  the  female  seminary  and 
the  boys'  academy,  at  Fayetteville,  and  managed  the  boarding  house  for  this  seminary 
for  four  years      Our  subject  took  a  four  years'  course  in  the  latter  institution   at  the  com- 
pletion of  which,  in  1807,  his  father  died,  and  Alexander  A.  was  engaged  the  following 
winter  in  teaching  school  at  Fayetteville,  and  in  the  spring  began  farming  with  his  eldest 
brother  on  the  old  homestead  near  Scotland.     He  followed  agriculture  three  years;  then 
bewail  the  study  of  medicine  with  Drs.  Stuart  and  Howland,  of  Shippensburg.     Eighteen 
months  later  he  went  to  Ann  Arbor,  Mich.,  and  there  attended  a  course  of  Inures;  then 
read  one  summer  with   Dr.  A.   Harvey  Smith,  an  eminent  surgeon  of  Detroit   Mich.     In 
the  fall  of  1863  he  entered  Jefferson  Medical  College,  of  Philadelphia.  Penn.,  from  which 
institution  he  was  graduated  in  March,  1864,  and  the  same  spring  located  m  the  practice 
of  medicine  at  Newburg.  Cumberland  County.     Here  he  remained  in  practice  several  yeara 
and  then  moved  to  Cumberland,  Md.,  where  he,  with  his  brothers,  McLeod  W.,  and  Will- 
iam Paxton,  built  the  Cumberland  Steel  Works,  which  they  operated  one  year,  when  the 
Doctor  sold  out,  and  returned  to  Newburg  and  formed  a  partnership  with  John  C.  blliott, 
under  the  firm  name  of  Elliott  &  Thomson,  in  general  merchandising  for  three  years 
(until  the  fall  of  1875).     He  was  then  nominated  and  elected,  by  the  people  of  Cumberland 
County   Republican  treasurer,  which  office  he  held  three  years,  and  in  the  fall  ot  1879  was 
elected 'by  the  same  party  sheriff  of  the  county,  tilling  the  incumbency  three  years.     In 
the  spring  of  1882  he  engaged  in  the  cattle  business  in  Wyoming  Territory,  and  the  year 
following  formed  a  partnership  with  James  D.  Greason  in  the  same  line      Two  years  later 
they  formed  the  Carlisle  Livestock  Company,  of  Wyoming  Territory,  of  which  Dr.  Thom- 
son was  chosen  president  and  manager,  and  he  has  since  been  engaged  in  this  business. 
December  15   1864   Dr.  Thomson  was  married  to  Miss  Susan  Rosetta  Frazer,  a  native  ot 
near  Shippensburg  and  a  daughter  of  Andrew  and  Annie  (Wilson)  Frazer    natives  of 
Dauphin  Countv,  and  who  became  a  member  of  Middle  Spring  Presbyterian  C  hurch.     Ur. 
and  Mrs    Thomson  have  two  children  living:  Frank  Frazer,  now  attending  Dickinson 
College     and  Nellie  E.,  attending  school.     Mrs.   Thomson   is  a  member  of  the   Second 
Presbyterian  Church,  of  Carlisle.     The  Doctor  ranks  among  the  leading  successful  busi- 
ness men  of  Carlisle,  and,  starting  in  life  dependent  on  bis  own  resources,  he  may  be  said 
to  be  a  self-made  man.     As  a  public  officer  and  business  man,  he  has  always  had  the  con- 
fidence and  respect  of  all.  ,     ,  . ,     ..<-„, 
JOHN  R  TURNER,  architect,   contractor  and  builder,   Carlisle,  has  been  identified, 
with  the  place  since  1833,  and  is,  perhaps,  the  oldest  in  this  line  at  Carlisle.     He  learned 
his  profession  with  Jacob  Spangler,  with  whom  he  served  a  regular  apprenticeship,  since 
which  time  he  has  been  actively  engaged  in  Ins  business.     He  was  born  at  Franklin  (tour 
miles  southwest  of  Shippensburg)  March  6,1815,  a  son  of  David  Turner,  who  was  born 
and  reared  near  Mount  Rock,  Dickinson  Township,  this  county,  and  of  Irish  parents,  who 
settled  in  Cumberland  County,  and  there  died.     When  a  young  man  David  removed  to 
Franklin  County,  where  he  was  married  to  Miss  Rebecca  Rudisill.  who  was  born  in  what 
is  now  Adams  County,  Penn..   a  daughter  of  Baltzer  and  Elizabeth  (Schmidt)  Rudisill. 
Mr   and  Mrs  David  Turner  settled  in  West  Pennsborough  Township,  Cumberland  County, 
in  1833   and  to  them  were  born  eleven  children:  Eliza  (unmarried),  Mary  A.  (married  to 
John  Cresler   a  farmer  near  Shippensburg),  Rebecca  (widow  of  James  Davidson,  of  Peoria, 
111  )     John  R     Susan  (widow  of  John  Keller),   Jane  (widow  of  Joseph  Heister  Gibson), 
Sarah  (widow  of  Samuel  Corl,  of  Bedford  County),  Lydia  C.  (wife  Alpheus  Hagan,  resi- 
dent of   Brandonville,   Va.),   Margaret  (widow  of   John  R.   Natcher,   a  contractor  and 
builder  of  Pittsburgh),  Caroline  (wife  of  George  Sulluff,  a  contractor  and  builder  of  Alle- 
gheny City)   and  Agnes  (wife  of  Thompson  Walker,  a  farmer  of  Cumberland  County). 
The  parents  were  members  of  the  Presbyterian  Church.     John  R.  received  his  schooling 
mainly  in  West  Pennsborough  Township,  and  in  the  spring  of  1833  went  to  Carlisle,  where, 
Sentember  (1    1838   he  was  married  to  Miss  Catherine  Halbert,  a  native  of  Carlisle,  and  a 
daughter  of  Joseph  and  Elizabeth  (Du  Boise)  Halbert,  former  of  whom  came  from  Eng- 
land  and  latter  a  native  of  Carlisle.     The  grandfather  of  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Halbert  (Abra- 
ham Du  Boise)  immigrated  to  Holland,  from  France,  during  the  French  Revolution,  and 
suhseouently  to  America,   settling  in  Montgomery  County.   Penn      To  our  subject  and 
wiffhaVe  been  born  three  daughters:  Virginia  (wife  of  William  D.  Sponsler,  a  retired 
merchant  of  Carlisle),  Belle  (residing  at  home),  and  kitty  (deceased   aged  thirty^ye    a nd 
unmarried).     The  parents  are  members  of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church.     Mr.  Turner  la 


BOROUGH  OF  CARLISLE.  ;;<i'l 

identified  with  Bt.  John  Lodge,  F.  &  A.  M  ,  Carlisle,  and  the  I.  0.  <>,  p..  Carlisle  Lodge 
No.  91.  Be  has  been  the  architect  and  builder  of  man]  of  the  buildings  in  Carlisle  and 
elsewhere;  was  the  architect  and  builder  of  the  court  house,  Cumberland  County,  Stevens' 
Ball,  Qi  ttysburg;  architect  for  the  Fanners  Bigh  School  Building,  near  Belief  on  te.  Penn 
(now  the  Pennsylvania  Farm  School),  architect  of  the  market  bouse  in  Carlisle,  and  was 
::Ko  architect  and  superintendent  of  the  court  bouse  of  Clarion  County,  Penn.,  and  now 
August,  1886,  isengagedin  superintending  a  first  dwelling  for  II.  Gould  Beetem,  having 
furnished  the  plans  and  specifications.  Mr.  Turner  has  long  been  one  ofthi  i  m  's  active 
and  enterprising  business  i 

REV.  JOSEPB  VANCE.  1).  1),  pastor  of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church,  Carlisle 
son  ot  Samuel  and  Marj  Vance,  of  South  Strabane  Township,  Washington  Co  Penn  ' 
was  horn  October  8,  1837.  In  1853  he  entered  Washington  College,  now  Washington  and 
in,  and  graduated  in  September,  isr.s.  i„  nu.  s;ll,„,  m„nth  he  entered  tin-  Western 
Theological  Seminary  at  Allegheny,  Penn.  Be  was  licensed  to  preach  the  gospel  by  the 
Presbyter}  i"  Washington  in  April.  I860,  and  graduated  from  the  seminary  in  1861  '  His 
first  charge  was  the  Assembly  Church,  Beaver  Dam.  Wis.,  wherehe  began  his  work  in 
July.  1861.  [nJune,  1862,  he  was  ordained  by  the  Presbytery  of  Winnebago.  In  Janu 
ary,  1865,  he  entered  the  work  of  the  Christian  Commission,  and  was  sent  to  Vicksburg 
Miss,  in  February  he  was  appointed  by  Col.  John  Eaton  assistant  superintendent  of  the 
schools  oi  the  Freedman's  Department  in  the  district  of  Vicksburg,  and  served  in  that 
capacity  until  the  1st  of  July.  Be  was  culled  to  the  Second  Presbyterian  Church  of  Vin- 
cennes, [nd.,  in  September,  1865,  and  continued  as  its  pastor  until  it  was  united  with  tbe 
First  Presbyterian  Church  in  April,  is;:;.  Accepting  a  call  to  the  church  formed  by  the 
he  remained  until  July,  1874.  During  his  pastoraee  in  Vincennes  he  was  stated 
clerk  oi  the  presbyterj .  permanent  clerk  of  the  synod  and  a  trustee  of  Hanover  College 
In  April,  1866,  he  was  marrhd  to  Mary  Hay  Maddox.  of  Vincennes.  She  died  in  July' 
1871,  leaving  one  child,  Charles  Thompson.  During  the  Bummer  of  1ST",  l)r  Vance  sup- 
plied the  pulpit  of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church  of  Reading,  Penn.,  in  the  absence  of  its- 
past,,,.  The  Rev.  Dr.  c.  P.  Win-  having  resigned  the  pastorate  of  tbe  First  Presbyterian 
(  hurch,  Carlisle,  m  October,  1^?.,,  .Mr.  \anee  was.  in  November  of  tbe  same  year  'invited 
to  supply  the  pulpit,  and  on  the  30th  of  April.  1876,  was  installed  pastor  by  a  committee 
of  Presbytery,  consisting  of  Rev.  Drs.  C.  P.  Wing,  J.  A.  Murray  and  George  Norcross  of 
Carlisle,  and  1  nomas  Creigh,  of  Mercersburg.  In  September,"  1880.  he  was  married  to 
Sarah  H.  Maddox.  oi  \  ineennes,  Ind.  Miriam  C.  is  their  only  child.  In  June  1884  the 
degree  Oi  D.  I),  was  conferred  upon  him  by  the  Western  University  of  Pennsylvania'  and 
also  by  \\  ashington  and  Jefferson  College. 

BON.  FREDERICK   WATTS,  retired  lawyer.  Carlisle.     An  eminent  minister  of  the 
nd:    "'I  he  leading  lawyer  is  always  the  most  prominent  member  of  the  com- 
tch  he  lives."      \\  hether  this  is   always  the  case   in  large  cities  and  commer- 
cial (enters,  or  not,  it  is,   no  doubt,  generally   so  in  agricultural    communities      That 
Judge  Watts  was  the  most  prominent  member  of  the  community  in  which  he  lived  for 
more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century  is  not  questioned.    As  early  as  October   18"?  he  prac 

tieed   m    the    supreme   court    of  this   Slate,  and  as   late  as  the 'May  term    of    I860    and 'all 

that  periodol  forty-two  years  (except  the  three  years  he  was  on  the  bench  I    there 

is  not  a  single  volume  oi  reports  containing  the  eases  from  the  middle  district   in  which 

his  name  is  not  found;  to  which  add  the  fact  that   for  fifteen  years  he  was  reporter  of  the 

-   ''  Ih"  court,  and  during  that  period,  and  before  and  after  it,  be  was  engaged 

U   i  -ess.  and  in   the  trial  of  nearly  all   the  important  cases  in  the  courts 

below,  m  his  own  county  and  the  county  of  Perry.     But  this  did  not  satisfy  his  love  for 

labor.     Be  was,  during  this  period,  president  of  the  Cumberland  Vallej    Railroad   and 

ice  for  twenty-six  years.    To  his  professional  duties  and  those  con 

-llh  ihl'  railroad,  be  added  constant  activity  in  agricultural  pursuits   uotonlyin 

managing  his  farms,  but  as  president  of  the  Cumberland  County  Agricultural  Society  and 

an  active  projector  ol  the  Agricultural  College  of  Pennsylvania,  furthering  i enerai 

agricultural  interests  of  his  county  and  State     Judge   Watts  was  born  in  Carli 

county.  May  9,   1801,  and  is  a  son  Of   David  Walts,  one  of  the.most  distinguished   law\e,s 

ot  his  day,  and  whose  practice  extended  through  all  the  middle  counties  of  the  State 
ightei  oi  Gen.  Miller,  of  Revolutionary  fan,,-,  who  afterward  com 
"landed  the  I  'Hied  Mates  troops  ai  Baltimore  during  the  war  of  1812  His  grandfather 
.-.  \\  ait-,  was  a  member  of  the  executive  council  of  Pennsylvania  before  the  Rev- 
olution, and  was  one  of  the  prominent  men  of  the  province  and  subsequent  Slate  Our 
subject,  having  been  dull  prepared,  entered  Dickinson  College  from  which  he  was  grad- 
uated in  1819.  Be  passed  the  two  subsequent  years  with  Bis  uncle  William  Miles  in 
Erie  County,  where  he  cultivated  his  taste  for  agricultural  pursuits  In  1821  be  returned 
to  Carlisle,  and  entered  the  office  of  Andrew  Carothers,  as  a  law  student;  was  adm 

the  bar  in  August,   1S-J4.  and  soon  acquired  a  lucrative  practice.     In  1S4.">  he  became  presi 

dent  of  the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad.  Ii  is  to  bis  energy  and  abli  management  that 
the  people  of  the  valley  are  indebted  for  a  road  which,  when  he  took  hold  of  it,  was  i,,  debt 
out  of  repair,  unproductive,  and  in  a  dilapidated  condition,  but  which,  through  his  ener- 


400  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

<retic  and  economical  management,  has  been  brought  up  to  a  high  state  of  prosperity, 

bavin-  paid  all  of  its  indebtedness  and  been  made  to  yield  handsome  returns  March  9, 
1849  Mr.  Watts  was  commissioned  by  Gov.  Johnston  president  judge  of  the  Ninth .Judi- 
cialDistrict  composed  of  the  counties  of  Cumberland,  Perry  and  Juniata.  He  retained 
the  office  until  1852.  In  1854  he  was  elected  president  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  Agri- 
cultural Collie  of  Pennsylvania,  in  which  capacity  he  still  acts.  During  the  year  1854 
he  protected  the  erection  of  gas  and  water  works  for  Carlisle  and,  having  formed  a  com- 
pany was  elected  its  president.  He  is  a  man  of  great  force  of  character  and  abiding  self- 
confidence  Whatever  he  has  undertaken  he  has  done  with  all  his  might  and  whatever 
be  his  belief  he  believed  implicitly.  He  never  sat  down  at  the  counsel  table  to  try  a  case 
that  he  did  not  impress  the  "court  and  jury  that  he  had  perfect  confidence  ha .he  would 
sain  it  His  temper  was  completely  within  his  control;  his  equanimity  was  perfect,  and 
!e  was  ever  ready  to  avail  himself  .if  any  slip  of  his  adversary  He  had  great  powers  of 
concentration  and  always  prepared  his  law  points  at  the  counsel  table  as  soon  as  the  evi- 
dence was  closed  This  he  did  with  great  facility,  always  directing  them  to  the  main 
poin  s  of  the  case.  His  power  with  flic  jury  was  very  great.  He  was  known  by  every 
man  in  tne  counties  in  which  he  practiced,  and  was  regarded  as  a  man  of  large  intellect 
Se^rlin  Anttgruv,  and  unblemished  honor.  To  these  he  added  the  impression  of  perfect 
belief  in  the  iustice  of  his  canse,  and  this  was  effected  by  a  manner  that  was  always  dig- 
nifiea  and  in  speech  that  was  clear,  strong,  convincing,  and  never  tedious.  He  despised 
quirks  and  quibbles;  was  a  model  of  fairness  in  the  trial  of  a  cause,  and  always  encouraged 
and  treated  kindly  younger  members  of  the  bar  that  he  saw  struggling  honorably  for 
prominence,  and  when  Inclosed  his  professional  career  he  left,  the  bar  with  the  profound 
respect  of  all  its  members.  In  1871  he  was  tendered  the  appointment  of  commissioner  of 
agriculture,  which  he  declined.  The  offer  was  renewed,  and  he  tonally  accepted  the  ap- 
pointment, and  entered  upon  its  duties  August  1, 1871  An  admirabe  system  pervadedthffl 
department,  and  the  three  divisions  were  so  arranged  that  the  most  detailed  and  accurate 
information  could  be  obtained  with  the  greatest  facility.  The  country  had  not  in  its 
eranloy  a  more  industrious,  honest,  faithful  and  large-hearted  servant.  He  has  ever  since 
devoted  himself  assiduously  to  the  practical  development  of  the  agricultural  resources  of 

the  EDWARD  BIDDLE  WATTS,  attorney,  Carlisle,  son  of  Hon.  Frederick  and  Henrietta 
(Ege)  Watts,  was  born  in  Carlisle,  September  13,  1851.  In  1865  he  entered  Dr.  Lyons 
private  school  at  West  Havcrford.  ten  miles  west  of  Philadelphia  where  lie ;«ma'ned  un- 
til 1868  when  he  went  to  Cheshire,  and  entered  the  Episcopal  Academy  of  the  State,  and 
here  pursued  his  studies  until  1869.  when,  at  the  request  of  Dr.  Horton.  the  P"ncipa 
"at  institute,  he  accompanied  him  upon  a  tour  in  Europe  Immediately  upon  his  return 
he  entered  Trinity  College  at  Hartford,  Conn.,  from  which  institution  he  was  graduated 
in  1873  He  returned  to  Carlisle  and  read  law  with  John  Hays,  an  attorney  of  the  place 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Pennsylvania,  in  1875,  and  at  once  entered  on  tte  practice 
of  his  profession,  at  which  he  has  since  been  engaged  in  his  naive  town.  In  1885  he  was 
appointed  attorney  for  the  county  commissioners  of  Cumberland  County.  Although  a 
voung  man.  Mr.  Watts  ranks  high  in  his  profession,  in  which  he  has  thus  far  made  a  suc- 
cesT  He  is  a  member  of  the  Eighth  Regiment.  National  Guards  of  Pennsylvania  haying 
served  as .captain  of  Company  G  (Gobin  Guards)  'since  February,  1885.     He  is  identified 

with  St.  John's  Episcopal  Church.  .  . .,  on 

HON  JOHN  WISE  WETZEL,  lawyer.  Carlisle,  was  born  at  that  place,  April  ~u 
1850,  a  son  of  George  and  Sarah  E.  (Shade)  Wetzel.  The  subject  of  our  sketch  completed 
a  good  common  school  education,  and  took  a  preparatory  course  of  st?ad2m  P™"  f™°l™ 
Sterrett's  Academy  here,  and  graduated  from  Dickinson  College :,  in  18/4.  Meantime  he 
had  entered  the  study  of  law  in  the  office  of  the  late  C  E  Maghuigbhr ,  Esq and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  a  short  time  before  receiving  his  decree  from  Dickinson  College.  At 
terh  s  admissinn  he  located  in  practice  here,  and  has  since  been  deservedly  successful. 
He  has  always  been  an  ardent  Democrat,  and  has  taken  considerable  interest  in  the 
Sarin"  of  able  men  before  the  people  for  office.  In  1876  he  was  elected  as  a  representa- 
tive to'tiK' Democratic  State  Convention  from  Cumberland  County;  in  1882  he  was  elected 
to  nreside  as  chairman  of  the  county  executive  committee  of  his  party  for  Cumberland 
County  amUn  881  was  elected  district  attorney  for  the  county.  He  married  Lizzie, 
youngest  daughter  of  John  and  Elizabeth  Wolf,  the  union  being  blessed  with  a  son 
Frank  Mr  Wetzel  has  succeeded  through  life  by  his  own  exertions,  being  a  self-made 
man  He  gives  liberally  to  all  worthy  objects,  and  is  one  of  the  active  workers  in  he 
development  of  the  social  and  industrial  interests  of  Carlisle  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Relies  Letters  and  Omega  Chapter  of  the  Chi  Phi  Fraternity  of  Dickinson  College;  is  a 
member  on  lie  board  of  trustees  of  Franklin  and  Marshall  College;  solicitor  for  the  Board 
of  T  1  and  Building  &  Loan  Association  of  Carlisle;  solicitor  for  the  Hamburg  & 
Potomac  Railroad,  etc.,  etc.  He  is  a  worthy  Mason  and  a  member  of  the  K.  of  P. 
Mr.  and  Mm  Wetzel  are  regular  attendants  of  the  services  of  the  Reformed  Church  of  the 

Unl BARRENS  SYLVESTER  WILDER  (deceased),   late  proprietor  of  the  "Mansion 


BOKOUQH   OF  CARMSM.  KM 

House,"  Carlisle,  was  a  native  of  Ohio.     Be  was  bora  December  is,  1888,  and  wa 
Dwighl  and  Barriel  (Barrens)  Wilder,  the  Formers  native ol  Massachusetts,  and  bj  occu 
pation  a  farmer.    To  Mr.  and  Mrs   Dwighl  Wilder  three  sons  and  one  daughter  were  born 
ol  whom  Barrens  8.,  the  subject   ol  this  sketch,  was  the  second  son  and  child,  an 

a  ;il  boy  in-  pan  nts  moved  to  this  county,  and  settled  on  a  Farm,   where  Barrens 
grew  up.   attending  school  during  the  winters.     December  20,  1859    he  was  married  to 
Hiss  Elizabeth  Gunner,  who  was  born  in  fork  County,   Penn.,  Julj    82,   1843,  a  daughter 
and  Susan  (Wise)  Qurtner,  the  former  ol  whom   was  a   blacksmith,  a  native  of 
German)  .  and  w  ho  came  to  this  country  when  a  child,  and  whose  lather,  I  le 
settled  in  York  County,  Penn.    John  and  Susan  (Wise)  Qurtner  were  the  parent 
son  and  three  daughters:    Mary,  who  married  Bezekiah  Williams,  John;  Harriet,  who 
married  John  Barnet,  and  Elizabeth,  the   wife  of  our  subject.     Mr.  and  Mn    Bai 
Wilder  soon  after  marriage  engaged  in  the  hotel  business,  taking  charge  of  the  "  E 
House,"  at  New  Cumberland,  which  they  conducted  for  four  years;  then  took  the  hotel  at 

port,  Cumberland  County,  with  which  they  were  identified   until  1876,  wh 
removed  to  Carlisle,  and  took  charge  ol  the   "  Man-ion  Bouse,"  where  Mr.  \\  ilder  died 

17,  1884  He  was  prominently  connected  with  Masonry,  having  passed  all  the 
chairs  in  the  various  degrees  of  the  order  to  the  thirty-second  degree,  and  was  also  a 
prominent  member  ol  the  I.  O.  0.  F.  Be  was  a  member  of  the  town  council  of  Carlisle 
for  three  years,  and  stood  high  in  the  estimation  of  all  as  an  upright,  honest  eiti/.en.  To 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wilder  five  children  were  born,  of  whom  the  following  named  are  living: 
Clara,  wile  ol  John  Clink,  residenl  of  Barrisburg,  a  telegraph  operator  by  profession,  but 
at  present  employi  d  as  a  clerk  and  book-keeper  for  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad  Company; 
1  "   li d  Robert  A.     All  the  children  were  horn  at  New  Cumberland,  I  It 

tV,  and    he  j Igesl  three  reside  with  their  mother. 

CONWAY  PHELPS  WING,  I).  D.,  Carlisle,  belongs  to  a  family  traceable  through 
five  preceding  generations  to  a  progenitor  who  came  from  England  in  1632  and  settled  finally 
inSandwich,  Mass.  Be  is  the  -on  of  Enoch  and  Mary  (Oliver)  Wing,  who  went  from 
Conway,  Hampshire  Co.,  Mass.,  to  Ohio  in  1796,  and  settled  on  the  right  hank  of  the 
miles  above  Marietta.  Be  was  born  there  February  12,  L809,  but  re- 
moved with   hisfatherin  1818,  to   Phelps,  Ontario  Co.,  N.  Y.     At   a   very  earlj 

ae  to  pursue  studj  preparatory  to  ids  collegiate  course  in  the  neighboring  town  of 
ipal  academy,  which  soon  afterward  became Hohart  College.     Alter 
two  years  there  he  entered  the  sophomore  class  in  Hamilton  College,  where  he  graduated 
m  1828.     Nearly  a  year  after  this  he  entered  a  theological  seminary  tit  Auburn,  where  he 
■i  net  ion  of  Dr.  .lames    Richards   and   graduated   in  1831.     He  was  licensed 
to  preach  by  the  presbytery  of  Geneva,  February  3,  1881,  just  before  entering  his  twenty- 
and  commenced  preaching  at  once  in  Sodus,  Wayne  Co.,  N.  Y.,  where  he  was 
i  September  27,  1832.     During  the  extraordinary  revivals  of  religion 
I  in  that  region  about  that  period,  he  was  one  of  its  active  and  successful 
re.     In  1836  he  removed  to  Ogden,  Monroe  Co.,  N.  Y.,  and  in  1838   to  the  city  of 
Monroe,  Mich.,  where  ins  vigorous  health  gave  way  under  his  protracted  labors,  anil  he 
was  obliged  to  seek  it-  restoration,  firsl  by  a  year's  residence  in  St.  Croix.  West  Indies  and 
then  by  a  more  protracted  sojourn   in  the  Southern  States.     For  a  year  and  a  half  he 
preached  in  Columb  a,  Tenn.,  and  vicinity,  and  finding,  on  experiment,  that  he  could  not 
safelj  venture  upon  a  settlement  in  the  North,  reluctantly  vielded  to  the  solicitations  of 
-    in  tie    South,  and  became  pastor  of  a  congregation  in  Huntsville,  Ala. 
1  bough  he  tranklj  informi  d  that  people  that  he  was  opposed  to  slaveryand  should  do  all 
in  bis  power  wisi  ly  to  abolish  it  they  persevered  in  calling  and  sustaining  him,  believing 
that  his  prejudices  would  soon  be  removed.    He  continued 'in  his  past,  irate 'there  with  great 
acceptani  e  and  usefulness  untilJApril,  1848.    lie  twice  represented  his  presbytery  there  in 
ral  assembly  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  and  earnestly  resisted  the  attempts  of  a 
party  in  that  body  to  withdraw  all  Christian  fellowship  from  the  Southern  churches.     He 
«g  hi  I  elaborate  report,  adopted  by  the  synod  of  Tennessee,  in  Oc- 
tober, 1847,  in  reply  to  the  objections  of  thisparty,  and  maintaining  that,  while  humanity 
and  rehgionmight  require  that  some,  under  favorable  circumstances,  should  emancipate 
their  slave-,  many  masters  were  so  situated  that  such  a  course  would  he  utterly  inexpedi 
ent  and  unjust,  and  they  were  bound  to  retain  them,  and  treat  them  with  kindness  and 
lme.     Aftertwo  or  three  years  of  experience,  however,  he  found  that   public  opinion 
would  not  permit  him  to  act  up  to  hi-  convictions  of  duty  in  the  enforcement  of  church 
•discipline,  against  those  who  were  guilty  of  immoralities'ngainst  their  slaves,  and  that  he 
was  likely  to  be  involved  in  complications  which  would  he  perilous.    Though  he  urged 
upon  the  slave-  the  apostolic  duties  of  ordinary  forbearance  and   submission,  instances 
sometimes  came  to  hi-  knowledge,  in  which  a  different   course  seemed  to  him  quite  justifi- 
able, ami  where  he. could   not   withhold   his   views.     Such   expressions  of  opinion,  though 
tolerated  when  altered  by  native  citizens,  were  not  relished  by  those  who  were  suspected 
ol  Northern  proclivities.     He.  the,-,. fore,  became  satisfied  thai  it  was  ids  dutyto 
his  pastoral  relation,  and  although  hi- own  congregation  expressed  their  unanimous  reso 
lotion  to  -u-iain  him,  and  offered  him  extraordinary  inducements  to  continue  with  them, 


402  BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES: 

he  saw  no  way  of  compliance  consistent  with  a  good  conscience.  Just  as  he  had  reached 
this  conclusion,  a  call  reached  him  from  the  First  Presbyterian  Church  ot  Gar  isle, 
which  he  immediately  accepted.  That  people  had  heard  him  win  e  on  a  vxsit  north,  ,n 
1848  and  now,  on  becoming  destitute  of  a  pastor,  they  invited  him  to  settle  among  them. 
He  arrived  at  Carlisle  and  commenced  his  ministrations  there  April  28,  1848,  but  was  not 
installed  until  October  15,  of  the  same  year.     His  congregation,  though,  not  in  ecclesiasti- 


tOOK  a  high  raiiK  as  preacher  in  me   »_yuuu  ™  ■.  »u.*».j.  ■ «,.....,    . -- -- 

date  for  tne  moderator's  chair  in  the  general  assembly,  and  has  served  with  acceptance 
on  most  of  its  important  committees.  He  has  been  a  member  of  eight  general  assem- 
blies (besides  two  adjourned  meetings),  and  has  declined  several  invitations  to  prominent 
churches  He  was  especially  active  in  efforts  for  the  reunion  of  the  two  great  branches  of 
the  Presbyterian  Church,  being  a  member  of  the  convention  ot  Presbytenans  in  Phila- 
delphia in  lsiiT,  and  of  the  assembly  of  reunion  which  met  in  New  1  ork  and  Pittsburgh  in 
1867      He  was  also  a  member  of  the  joint  committee  of  reconstruction  for  the  orgamza- 


notlnng  should  uiveri  nan,  ne  iias   sluc",uJ  """  '"  "™  " ,   .     .... -—.-•'      „=   ?;«„„„„,. 

as  were  consistent   with   it.     He  reads  with  a  good  degree  of  facility  m  seven  different 
languages.     In  1849,  at  the  request  of  the  faculty  and  students  of  Dickinson  College,  he 
supplied  for  one  year  the  place  made  vacant  by  tne  transfer  ot  William  HA  lien,  LL  D., 
to  the  presidency  of  Girard  College,  and  in  1856,  he,  in  connection  with  Prof   Charles ,  E. 
Blumenthal,  published  a  translation  of  Hase's  History  of  the  Christian  Church  (D.  Apple- 
ton  &  Co     New  York,  pp.  720),  in  the  composition  of  which  he  bore  the  largest  share. 
For  some'years  he  contributed  one  article  annually  to  the  Presbyterian  Quarterly  Review, 
among  which  the  most  noted  were  two  on  "Abelard,"  two  on  the  "  Historical  Develop- 
ment of  the  Doctrine  of  the  Atonement,"  and  one  on  the   -Permanent  in  Christianity 
and  one  article,  in  the  Methodist  Quarterly  on  "Miracles  and  the  order  of  Nature        About 
a  dozen  sermons  and  discourses  have  been  published  by  his  people  and  his  friends   as  they 
were  preached  on  special  occasions.     He  was  also  the  writer  of  two  elaborate  articles  on 
'•Federal  Theology,"  and  "Gnostics  and  Gnosticism,"  in  McClmtock  &  Strong  s  Encyclo- 
pedia  and  in  1867  lie  contributed  to  Dr.  Schaff's  American  edition  of  Lang  s  Commentary 
on  the  Bible,  a  translation  with  large  additions  of  Kling's  Commentary  on  Second  Cor- 
inthians.   Notwithstanding  these  engagements,  Dr.  Wing's  health  became  so  completely  re- 
stored that,  during  his  long  pastorate,  he  lost  on  account  of  illness  not  more  than  six  Sab- 
baths     In  1869   however,  his  congregation  perceived  such  tokens  ot  impaired  energy   that 
they  allowed  him  a  suspension  of  labor  for  six  months,  during  which  time  they  employed 
an  assistant  for  the  performance   of  his  work.     On  two  different  occasions  alter  this,  as 
he  found  his  strength  giving  way,   he  requested  either  an  entire  or  partial  dissolution 
of  his  pastorate,  but  could  not  obtain  the   acquiescence  of  his  people.     It  was  not  until 
Julv  18   1875   that,  after  a  laborious  service  as  a  commissioner  to  the  general  assembly, 
his  congregation  consented  that  he  might  henceforth  take  the  place  of  Pastor  Emeritus; 
but  after  some  consultation  and  experience  he  repeated  his  request  for  a  complete  disso- 
lution of  the  pastoral  relation.     This  was  finally  acquiesced  in  by  the  people.  October  17, 
1875,  and  was  complied  with  by  the  presbytery,  October  23,  1875,  though  for  some  years  a 
partial  salary  was  continued  to  him.      A  severe  illness  in  the  autumn  of  that  year  proved 
that  this  action  had  been  taken  none  too  soon;  hut  on  his  recovery  his  health   began  to 
improve,  until,  finally,  he  has  been  restored  nearly  to  his  earlier  vigor      His  subsequent 
life   has  been  almost  as  active  as  at  any  other  period.     On  the  Sabbath  he  ordinarily 
preaches  in  some  of  the  neighboring  congregations,  or  in  his  former  pulpit,     lie  enters 
with  ardor  into  most  of  the  theological  discussions  and  practical  measures  ot  the  day    in 
which  he  almost  uniformly  advocates  the  side  of  real  progress.     He  is  especially  lond  ot 
exegetical  and  historical  investigations.     He  has  in  manuscript  extended  comments  upon 
almost  the  entire  Greek  Testament,  and  has  become  thoroughly  familiar  with  the      History 
of  Cumberland  Valley."     In  1879  he  contributed  the  principal  part  of  the      History  or 
Cumberland  County"    (published  by  J.  D,  Scott  Philadelphia,  quarto ,pp   yW).  and  re- 
cently he  has  published  two  editions  of  a  historical  and  genealogical  registei  of  the  Wing 
family  in  America.     (Carlisle  and  New  York,  8vo  and  quarto,  pp.  332  and  500.) 

CHARLES  R  WOODWARD,  of  the  firm  of  Woodward,  Graybill  &  Co.  mill- 
ers Carlisle  is  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  born  in  York,  York  County.  December  8, 
1844.  a  son  of  Capt.  Robert  C.  and  Sarah  E.  (Spangler)  Woodward,  the  former  a  native 
of  Newburyport.  Mass.,  and  a  son  of  Capt.  Salem  Woodward,  of  that  place,  a  sea-cap- 
tain who  ran  a  line  of  ships  from  Charleston.  S.  C,  to  Liverpool,  England.  Robert  C. 
Woodward  sailed  with  his  father  for  a  number  of  years  as  a  sea  captain  and ^  captam  on 
the  Mississippi  River  from  New  Orleans  to  Cincinnati,  He  located  in  \  ork  C o unty 
where  he  married  Miss  Sarah  E.  Spang  er  and  engaged  in  the  8"^^™$  *°r* 
until  1850  excepting  three  years  spent  in  California,  prospecting  just  pnoi  to  18,  0,  when 
he  came  to  Carlisle  and  formed  the  company  of  Woodward  &  Schmidt,  forwarding  and 


BOROUGH  OK  CARLISLE.  403 

commission  agents,  and  erected  the  building  now  occupied  bj  bis  son,  Charles  R.  Rob- 
ert C.  died  at  Carlisle  in  August,  1877,  and  biswidow  in  November,  1885.  Their  five 
children  were  Georgi  Ellen  (deceased),  Charles    R  .   Roberl  s    (deceased); 

and  Florence  W\.  wife  of  the  Rev  J.  Hepbron  Hareis,  of  Philadelphia.  The  par 
ents  were  identified  with  the  First  Presbyterian  Church!  Charles  R.  was  but  six  years 
old  when  bis  parents  came  from  York.  He  attended  the  high  school  and  Dickinson  Col 
lege,  of  Carlisle,  assisting  his  father  as  clerk  until  1864,  when  he  became  a  partner  of  his 
father,  with  whom  he  remained  until  1876,  when  he  purchased  his  father's  int. -rest,  and 

associated  with  John  G.  Bobb,  as  a  partner  of  the  firm  of  W Iward  &  Bobb. 

This  firm  continued  until  Is*'.',  when  Mr.  John  Graybill  became  a  partner  in  the  business, 
and  one  year  later  the  present  firm  was  established  (Mr.  Bobb's  interest  being  purchased 
by  Woodward.  QraybillA  Co.).  In  April,  1870,  Mr.  Woodward  married  Miss  Jessie  V. 
Elliott,  who  was  born  in  Wyoming  Territory  (thefirsl  white  child  born  in  that  Territory),  a 
daughter  ol  Gen.  \V.  L  and  llattie  (Jones)  Elliott,  of  Cincinnati,  now  living  in  San 
Francisco.    To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Woodward  live  children  were  born:  Florence  V.,  Jessie  E., 

Roberl  C,  Sarah  10.  and  William  G,      The  mother  is  a  member  of  the  Episcopal   Church. 

Mi    w  oodward  is  a  member  of  I  larlisle  Council.  No  503,  Royal  Arcanum,    lie  is  a 

ot  the  Carlisle  Deposit  Bank,  treasurer  Of  the  Carlisle  I, ami  Association,  and  is  one  of  the 
enterprising  business  men  of  Carlisle.  In  1SS\!  he  and  his  partner  built  the  Carlisle  roller 
nounng-mill,  a  three-story  brick  building,  in  which  are  fourteen  pairs  of  rollers,  being 
otherw  ise  fullj  equipped. 

WILLIAM   11    WOODWARD,  general   superintendent  of   the  Gettysburg  &  Harris- 
bug  Railway,  and  treasurer  of  the  South   Mountain  Railway  &  Mining  Company,    and  of 

the  South  Mountain  Iron  &  Mining  Company,  office  at  Pine  Grove  Furnace,  and  residence 

at    Carlisle,    is     a   native    of  Chester  County.    Perm.       Soon    after  his  birth  the     family 

moved   to   the  city  of   Philadelphia,  where   he   attended  the  public  schools  until  thirteen 

years  ot  age,  when  he  began  clerking  in  a  drug  store,  in  which  he  remained  until  fifteen; 

at  that  carl\  age  September:!.   1861,  he  enlisted  in  Company  A,   Sixty-seventh  Regiment 

Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry;  served  through  entire  war,  and   wa's  mustered  out  July 

1  '.  1865,  as  sergeant-major  of  the  regiment.     The  regiment  to  which  he  belonged  was 

d  to  Hi,-  Second  Brigade,  Second  Di\  ision,  Sixteenth  Anm   Corps  of  the  command, 

die  time.      He  was   taken  prisoner  at  Winchester,  Va.,  June  15,   1865,  from  which 

time  until    August    following  he  spent  in  Libby  and    Belle  Isle  prisons,  when  he  was 

paroled  and  sent  to  Annapolis,  Mil.,  and  soon  after  joined  his  regiment,   this  being  his 

only  absence  lion,  the  regiment  during  the  war.     He  was  mustered  out  of  the  service  at 

■  ot    tin-  war,   and  returned  to   Philadelphia;  then  went  to  Plymouth,  Luzerne 

'•  bere  he  became  employed  as  book-keeper  and  paymaster  for  J.  C.  Fuller,  of  the 

BhawneeCoal  Mines,  which  position  he   held  until  1871.  when  he  was  elected  treasurer. 

Bnds,ub»  quently,  in  1877,  general  superintendent  of  the  Gettysburg  &  Harrisburg  Railway, 

In  1870  Mr.  Woodward  was  married  to  Miss  EmmaMcGee.of  Philadelphia,  who  died  In 

1881,  and  to  them  were  bom  one  son  and  three  daughters;  Dora  F.,  Bessie  A.,  Harry  F. 

and   l.nima   E.  B.     In  February.  18M:s,  be  then  married  Mi-  Annie  M.  Bixler,  of  Carlisle, 

end  Joshua  P.  and  Julia  I  Beetemi  Bixler.  former  of  the  firm  of  Saxon  &  Bixler. 

Mrs.  Woodward  is  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church.     Mr.  Woodward  is  Past  Master  of 

Cumberland  and  Star  Lodge,  No.  97,  Carlisle;  Past   High  Priest  of  St,  John's  Chapter  and 

St.  John  s  Oommandery,  No.  3,  Carlisle;  is  also  a  member  of  Capt.  Colwell   Post.  G.  A. 

];..  --I  t  larlisle. 

JOHN   Z1XN.  county  clerk  and  recorder,  Carlisle,  is  a  native  of  Lancaster  County, 
Iv"."     u  '-  born  m  what  is  now  Rhineholtz  Station,  February  26, 1830,  a  son  of  Isaac  and 

Catherine  (Spotz )  Zmn,  former  born  in  Lancaster  County,  and  latter  born    just,  across  the 

county  line  in  Berks  County.  Isaac  Zinn  in  early  life  worked  at  coopering;  in  April, 
1834,  he,  wiih  In,  family,  came  to  Cumberland  County  and  settled  on  a  farm  near  Bainifz 
Mill,  m  Dickinson  Township.  They  were  the  parents  of  six  children:  John,  the  eldest; 
hh/.a.  wife  ot  Jacob  Hess  g   re, idem  of  Penn  Township;   Hannah,  deceased  at    lie       ;,    ol 

i  itherine,  wife  of  William  W.  Spandler,  a  farmer  of  Mittiin  Township; 
William,  who  married  .lam  Fickes,  and  resides  in  Cumberland  County;  and  George,  who 
married  Lucy  Straw,  and  reside,  on  a  farm  near  Centerville.  John  worked  on  the  farm, 
Ig  and  teaching  school  until  his  marriage.  September  Hi.  1858,  with  Mi-  Mary  It. 
spangle,-,  wie,  was  imn,  at  Mount  Hope,  Cumberland  County,  a  daughter  of  William' and 
>aney  .sheatler,  -spangle,-.  Mr.  Zinn.  after  his  marriage,  settled  on  his  father's  farm  in 
Penn  lowiiship.  and  engaged  in  agriculture  for  three  years;  then  for  four  year 
copied  in  teaching  „!,,,,, I  after  which,  for  thirteen  years,  he  was  engaged  as  a  farmer  in 
Cumberland  County.  During  two  years  be  drove  stage  from  Carlisle  to  Shippensburg, 
residing  at  Centerville  Subsequently,  and  until  he  was  elected  clerk  and  recorder  of 
Cumberland  County,  in  November,  1884,  he  was  occupied  in  keeping  a  warehouse  at 
Longsdori  Station  one  year  and  a  half,  farming  lour  years,  and  carrying  on  a 
store  at  Hockersville,  To  his  marriage  with  Miss  Spangler  eight  children  were  born: 
Ann  -  M  C.,  wife  of  Parker  II.  Trego,  of  Carlisle;  George  B.  McClellan  who  married  Al- 
ice Coover,  and  resides  in  Cumberland  County;  Philip  S.,  who  married  Miss  Sarah  Bar- 


404  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

rick,  and  is  a  resident  of  Cumberland  County;  William  I.  N.;  Thomas  E  E  ;  John  W 
who  died  young;  Harry  C.  S.  and  Edward  C.  S.  The  Zinns  have  been  identified  with 
this  section  of  the  county  for  many  years.  Jabob.  the  great-grandfather  of  John,  was 
born  in  Lancaster  County.  His  eldest  son,  Peter,  married  a  Miss  Swigert  and  was  the 
father  of  four  sons  and  three  daughters,  of  whom  Isaac,  the  father  of  John,  was  one 
Our  subject  in  1867  was  elected  a  justice  of  the  peace  of  Penn  Township;  was  reelec  ed 
in  1872  and  again  in  1877,  holding  the  office  over  thirteen  years.  He  has  discharged  the 
duties  of  his  present  office  with  credit  to  himself,  and  to  the  satisfaction  of  his  constitu- 
ents. Mr.  Zinn  is  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church.  Mrs.  Zlnn  died  September  6,  188o, 
a  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church.  .    ,  „Qq 

JACOB  ZUG  (deceased)  was  born  near  Elizabethtown,  Lancaster  Co.,  Fenn.,  in  waa, 
and  died  March  25,  1877,  aged  eighty-four  years,  one  month  and  thirteen  days.  He  was 
a  son  of  John  and  Margaret  (Mohler)  Zug,  both  of  Lancaster  County  Penn.,  and  was  a 
great-grandson  of  Ulric  Zug,  who,  with  his  own  and  other  Swiss  families,  immigrated  to 

-rL  =».  ...  -i-,    ,  °.  •       ,.    -„   ,i..  t T3u:.,~    „„  tl,,,  mvit.,tmn   itf    (inner)    Anne. 


count  ot  religious   persecut.uno.     ^~ -.- - --r- 

mediately  settled  in  the  northwest  part  of  Lancaster  County,  in  the  township  of  War- 
wick now  called  Penn.  There  he  located,  by  warrant  from  the  proprietary  government, 
nearly  400  acres  of  land,  where  he  and  a  number  of  his  descendants  lived  and  died.  On 
this  homestead  was  born,  in  1731.  John  Zug,  the  fourth  child  of  Ulric  and  the  grand- 
father of  Jacob  Zug.  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  This  John  Zug  died  in  1821,  aged  ninety 
years.  He  was  seventy  two  years  a  member,  fifty- two  years  a  minister,  and  forty-one 
years  an  elder  or  bishop  in  the  Church  of  the  Brethren,  properly  styled  the  German  Bap- 
tist and  was  one  of  the  most  faithful,  devoted  and  honored  ministers,  a,  worthy  man.  highly 
esteemed  by  all  who  knew  him.  Tire  father  of  Jacob  Zug  was  the  second  son  ol  the  aforesaid 
John  Zug,  'and  was  also  called  John.  He  was  born  on  the  same  old  homestead  in  Lancas- 
ter County  in  17(13.  and  died  one  mile  east  of  Carlisle  in  1824.  In  1806  Jacob  Zug  came 
with  his  father  to  near  what  is  now  Mechanicsburg,  at  which  time  there  were  but  three 
houses  within  the  village.  In  1814  they  sold  their  farm  and  removed  to  the  junction  oi 
Cedar  Spring  with  Yellow  Breeches  Creek,  where  his  father  purchased  a  farm  and  mill, 
which  property  they  exchanged  for  a  farm  one  mile  east  of  Carlisle.  Here  Jacob  Z,ug 
started  in  life  for  himself,  and  in  1823  removed  to  Carlisle,  where  he  lived  until  his  death. 
He  took  a  deep  interest  in  politics,  but  was  never  from  choice  a  candidate  tor  ottice.  _  In 
1835  at  the  urgent  request  of  some  of  his  friends  he  was  induced  to  .accept  the  nomina- 
tion'for  the  office  of  county  commissioner,  to  which  he  was  elected  at  a  time  when  his  po- 
litical associates  were  in  the  minority.  Subsequently  he  was  called  by  his  fellow-citizens 
at  different  times  to  serve  them  as  chief  burgess  and  councilman.  He  was  a  mau  who 
made  manv  warm  friends,  and  was  loved  and  respected  by  all  for  his  manly  qualities.  He 
married  Miss  Elizabeth  Kimmel,  of  Cumberland  (  ,.,inty.  and  to  them  were  born  five  sons 
and  one  daughter,  who  lived  to  manhood  and  womanhood:  Samuel,  who  resides  in  De- 
troit Mich.;  John,  an  attorney  (deceased);  Ephraim  (deceased),  late  a  merchant  ol  Me- 
chanicsburg; Elizabeth,  now  liviug  in  Carlisle;  Augustus  (deceased),  aged  twenty-seven 
years;  Jacob  T.,  who  was  a  lieutenant  in  the  Seventh  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Reserves, 
and  lost  his  right  arm  in  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg.  The  latter  married  Miss  Annie  E. 
Eberly,  of  Mechanicsburg,  and  to  them  the  following  children  were  born;  b  rank  U., 
Augusta  and  Ray,  who  reside  in  Carlisle. 


RECEIVED  TOO  LATE  FOR  INSERTION  IN  PROPER  PLACE. 

AMERICTJS  R.  ALLEN,  M.  D.,  Carlisle,  is  a  graduate  of  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania He  was  born  at  Lee's  Cross  Roads,  Cumberland  Co..  Penn.,  January  13,  1861,  and 
U  the  eldest  son  of  Win.  H.  and  Anna  (Clark)  Allen,  who  had  a  family  of  five  sons  and 
four  dau"  liters      Americus  R.  Allen  worked  at  farming,  and  attended  the  common  schools 


tour  c  au"'h  crs.     a.meriuus  iv  mira  wunvtu  <^  im,iuuub,  i*uu  „..„»». - 

and  the  Normal, at  Shippensburg,  Penn..  until  twenty-one  years  of  age.  when  he  was  em- 
ployedby  the  Bosler  Caitle  Company,  and  remained  with  this  company  m  Nebraska,  one 
year  He  then  began  the  study  of  medicine,  in  the  office  of  SB  Keefer.  A.  M..  1 
Carlisle  After  graduating  at  the  university,  he  located  in  Carlisle,  where  he  h 
e  no-a-ed  in  the  practice  of  medicine,  and  enjoys  the  confidence  and  respect  of  all. 


I-.OUOI'CII    OK    MKCII  VNICSIiUKO.  W6 


CHAPTER  XXXIX. 
BOROUGH   OF   MECHANICSBURG. 

Kl  \     \i  i.i  3TUS  BABB,  retired  clergyman,  has  been  pastor  of  the  Evangelic 

hurch,  Mechanicsburg,  forthepasl  fiftj  three  years.     His  greal  grandfather  was 
born  in  Germany  and  came  with  his  wife  to  America,  settling  in  Berks  County;  thi 
[our  sons  and  three  daughters,  who  lived  to  be  men  and  women;  ins  son.  Mathias  Babb, 
was  the  first  to  enlist  in  Gen.  Heister's  companj  (afterward  governor  ol  Pennsylvania). 
During  the  war  of   the  Revolution  he   was  a   coppersmith  and  tinsmith;  married  Miss 
Rosanna  Bierlej ,  and  had  three  sun-  and  five  daughters.    John,  the  eldest,  born  in  Read- 
ing  Penn.,  was  also  a  coppersmith  and  tinsmith;  married  Mis-  Barbara  Arm  Henritze,  a 
native  of  Reading    Penn.     He  wasamember  of  the  Lutheran,  and  she  oi  the  German 
i    rl  Church.    Theyhada  family  of  three  sons  and  four  daughters:  John,  Mary, 
Augustus,  Sarah,  Mathias  and  Roseanna,  all  born  in  Reading,  Penn.    Augustus, 
,  i  of  our  sketch,  was  born  January  19,  1810,  and.  when  fourteen,  was  appren 
i  am  the  cabinet-maker's  trade  until  he  was  nineteen,  when  he  entered  the  man 
ual  labor  school  at  Germantown,  Penn.     Some  fourteen  months  later  he  entered  Gettys 
burg  Gymnasium,  which  became  a  theological  seminar}  ;  there  he  finished  a  regular  curse. 
and  in  Me,    1833,  was  licensed  to  pre:, eh  in  Pendleton  County,  Va  .  and  began  in-  minis 
train m-  in  Augusta  County,  Va.     Four  years  later  he  came  lo  Mechanicsburg,  and  two 
terwas  appointed,  by  the   West  Pennsylvania  Synod,  missionary  tor  Clearfield, 
Jefferson,  Armstrong,  Clarion  and  Venango  ('..untie-,  holding  that  position  lour  or  five 
when,  owing  to  a  tall  and  subsequent  ill  healih,   he  was  appointed  pastor  01 
Blairsville,  Indiana  County,  Church,  where  here  raained  until  1845;  then  returned  p.  Me 
urg  Church,  remaining  here  until  1851,  when  he  became  agent  for  the  Pennsyl 
.i  Gettysburg;  a  year  later  he  resigned  to  accept  the  pastorship  oi  Somer 

set  Church,  S reel   County,  where  he  had  four  churches  in  charge.      In  1856  he  re 

o  this  county  and  took  charge  of  the  church  at  Centerville  until  I860,  when  he 
went  n.  TurbotviUe,  Northumberland  Co.,  Penn.,  to  preach  in  German  and  English. 
During  a  Thanksgiving  sermon,  after  Lincoln's  election,  he  gave  . .dense  p.  the  Demo- 
cratic brethren  bj  Baying  that  our  form  of  government  was  a  Republican  form  of  gov- 
ernment; -...  in  1863,  after  the  I. attic  of  Gettysburg,  he  took  charm-  ,,i  his  farm  in  Hock- 
ersville;  this  county,  where  he  farmed,  and  preaclicd  al  dill'ercnl  places,  until  1870,  when 
■  ..I  Blairsville,  until  1875,  when  he  returned  to  his  farm,  and  two  years 
later  cam.  t..  Mi  chanicsburg,  where  he  has  since  resided.  He  married.  June  '.'..  L83S  Miss 
Mary  A.  Hoffman,  a  native  of  Franklin  County,  Penn..  daughter  of  .lames  Hoffman,  a 
teacher.    Mi-  ;  ugust  11,  l.s:ss.    Our  subject  was  married,  on  the  second  occasion 

.',.  1840,  to  -line  Logue,  born  m  Carlisle,  daughter  ol  Joseph  and  Nancy  Aim 
(Jumper)  Logue,  former  of  whom  died  al  Fort  Niagara  in  the  United  Slate-  service,  Sep- 
teml.er  111.  1818.  Mi's.  Babb  died  .lime  2(1.  In?'-'.  Our  subject  is  .me  of  the  oldest  mm 
latere  living.     His  life  ha-  always  been  one  of  activity,  and  through  his  efforts  many  have 

b.  .  n  brought  lo  Christ;   and  his  name  will  be  handed  down  lo  posterity  as  one  who  did  his 

duty  as  a  Christian,  a  minister  for  the  cause  of  Christ,  and  worshiper  ol  God  "who  so 

loved  the  world  that  he  rave  hi- only  begotten  Son.  that  whosoever  believed  m  Hun  should 

not  perish  but  have  everlasting  life."  . 

GEORGE  BOBB,grocer,  member  of  the  firm  of  George  Bobb  ct  Son.  Mechanicsburg, 
was  bom  in  Mechanicsburg,  Penn.,  November  8,  1819,  son  of  John  and  Margaret  (Longs- 

dorlli  P.. ml.,  ..Id  settlers  of  thi-  place,  where  the   former  followed  the  trade  ol  harness  and 

making.  They  had  eighl  children,  four  living.  When  George,  the  second  child 
and  eldest  -on.  wa-  thirteen  years  old.  his  father  died,  and  his  mother  subsequently  mar- 
ried Peter  Baker,  of  Carlisle,  Penn.     Our  subject  worked  during  the  summers,  attending 

\  inters,  until  he  was  sixteen,  when  he  began  to  learn  the  stove  and  tinware  trade 
with  Jacob  Rupli  v  Six  years  later  he  bought  the  tin  and  stove  store  ,.t  Robert  W  ilson, 
which  he  sold  out  in  1861  and  opened  a  hardware  store.  In  ls7'.i  he  sold  out  again  and 
opened  hi-  present  grocery.  In  September,  1848,  Mr.  Bobb  was  married  to  Miss  Margaret 
Glffln,  b.un  in  Middle-ex  Town-hip,  Cumberland  County,  daughter  of  Hon.  James  Glffln, 
ex-member  of  the  Pennsylvania  Legislature  from  this  county.  Mrs.  Bobb  died  May  lo, 
L884   the  mother  o1  I  living,  James  G.,  born  in  Mechanicsburg,  this  county, 

November  in.  1844,  a  partner  With  his   father   in   the    grocery  store;   was  married    to   Mi-s 
Man  C   Quigley  February  2(1,  1SG7,  who  was  born  May  21,  1848,  in  Beach  Creek,  Clinton 


406  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

mmmmMM 

302.  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,.Samuel  C.  Peikim,  Ghaptc     JNo.  -  j  member  of 

8,  Carlisle;  Mechamcsburg  L°dge,  ^  ~ 15   I    O.  OK  .a  ^  ^    g  business  men    f 

Sif  cTt^anTSrfafuli  In/comp^f  &  of  fine  groceries,  glass,  queensware  and 

woodenware  physician  and  mayor,  Mechanicsburg.  was  born  on  the  old  home- 

mmMmmm 

gafe  to  PhiSdeTphia  fn  1872  He  was  nominated  Republican  State  senator  of  the  Twen- 
tieth Senatorial  Dis^irt  in  l^f  Mecaanicsburg,  was  born  in  Newville,  this  county, 
A„^  .     18P   band's. n of  D  avid  Brisker,  a  native  of  Lancaster  County   Penn.,  who 

^vn"H^™miiler'^  Ne^vi 1  af  emar/bnUt  The  Silver  Spring  mills,  in  Silver 
Fry.     He  was,  a  miner  ax  rst,w ,  vn  l,  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church. 

MfflHHHNi 

K^«^SS  Long  (the ?  reside  ?n  ,he  oM  Ja^farm  . 

Hampden  Township,  ^^^•v^^^^ll0?!^3oh7'meA.  of  Steelton, 
bessemer •  Bteel  works  at  S'f1^ /^Vick  mtnXturer  at  Oskaloosa.  Iowa,  and  Re- 


BOROUGH  OF    MECIIANICSBURQ.  407 

son,  John  W  .  born  December  L6, 1858,  is  a  miller  in  Adams  County,  married  to  Miss  Hannah 

il  Absalom  and  Sarah  (Plank)  Aaper.     Mr.  and   Mrs.  Bricker  are  i 
of  the  Lutheran  Church.     He  is  one  of  the  few  old  settlers  remaining,  and  bas  lived  to 
I  undergo  many  interesting  ami  important  changes.     He  stands  high  in  the 
estimation  of  all.  a  in  I  i~  a  descendant  of  one  of  the  oldest  families  in  Pennsylvania. 

\ii\KK  C  BRINDLE,  cashier  of  the  First  National  Bank,  Mechanicsburg,  is  a 
descendant  of  one  of  the  oldest  Families  of  Cumberland  County  ami  Pennsylvania. 
His  grandfather,  George  Brindle,  who  was  born  in  Lancaster  County,  Penn.,  came  to 
this  gonnty  when  a  young  man,  and  was  married  here  to  Miss  Elizabeth  Bricker. 
They  hail   si\  children  :    Susan,  John,  George,  Peter,  Elizabeth  ami   Solomon.    John, 

tin    so 1   horn,  married   Miss   Alary  Baker.     He   ami    his   wife  were  members  of  the 

Dunkard  Church.  They  had  a  family  of  twelve  children,  eleven  now  living:  John, 
Daniel  (deceased),  George,  Elizabeth,  Peter,  Elias,  Jesse,  Mary,  Leah,  Hebecca,  Susan 
and  Aimer  C.  The  subject  of  our  sketch,  the  youngest  in  the  family,  was  born  six 
miles  southwest  of  Mechanicsburg,  in  Monroe  Township,  September  17.  1S37.  lie  worked 
on  his  father's  farm,  attending  and  teaching  school,  and  acting  as  clerk  in  a  store  until 
1868,  when  be  was  employed  as  clerk  in  a  wholesale  tobacco  house  in  Philadelphia, 
remaining  in  the  tobacco  house  and  as  clerk  in  a  dry  goods  store  until  February, 
1884,  when  he  was  appointed  tidier  in  the  First  National  Bank  at  Carlisle,  Penn.,  and  in 
February,  1865,  was  elected  teller  of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Mechanicsburg.  In  No- 
vember,  1868,  In-  was  elected  cashier  and  he  has  held  that  position  ever  since.  In  1862  he 
responded  to  a  call  from  the  governor  of  Pennsylvania,  as  a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania 
State  Militia,  and  in  1863  enlisted  in  the  Forty-ninth  Regiment,  Pennsylvania  State  Mil- 
itia, under  Col.  John  Murphy,  and  was  mustered  out  at  the  expiration  of  the  company's 
term  of  enlistment,  at  Philadelphia,  in  September,  1868.  Mr.  Brindle  married.  December 
:i.  1868,  Miss  Mary  E.  Egbert,  born  in  Perry  County.  Penn.,  daughter  of  I.  R.  and  Sarah 
(Carver)  Egbert,  the  former  a  retired  merchant,  of  Carlisle,  both  natives  of  Montgomery 
County,  Penn.  To  our  subject  and  wife  have  been  born  two  children,  one  living,  Charles 
E.,  bom  in  Mechanicsburg  September  lib.  1870.  Mrs.  Brindle  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist, 
Episcopal  Church.  Our  subject  is  a  great  grandson  of  Peter  Bricker,  born  in  Lancaster 
County,  Penn..  in  1735,  and  married  to  Miss  Mary  Barr;  settled  in  Cumberland  County, 
Penn.,  in  an  early  day;  he  was  a  son  of  Peter  Bricker,  who  came  to  this  country  from 
Switzerland  in  the  early  part  of  the  eighteenth  century. 

JOHN  COOVER  i  d.i  eased)  as  one  of  the  early  settlers  deserves  more  than  a 
notice.  Prominent  in  church,  society  and  business,  he  and  his  descendants 
have  always  been  people  of  note.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  Mechanicsburg, 
and  was  descended  from  the  German  family  named  "Kobar" — afterward  changed 
to  Coover — who  immigrated  to  this  country  as  early  as  1760.  Soon  after  this  dale  his 
grandfather.  Gideon  Coover,  bought  a  large  tract  of  land,  being  of  the  "Manor  on 
Conodoguinet,"  situated  bj  the  Cedar  Spring,  south  of  Shiremanstown,  Cumberland  Co., 
Penn.  One  of  bis  sons,  Hon.  George  Coover.  was  married  October  22.  1701,  to  Elizabeth 
Mulder,  by  Rev.  Nicholas  Horneli,  of  York,  minister  of  the  High  German  Lutheran 
Church,  Of  which  both  were  members.  They  lived  on  the  plantation  at  Cedar  Spring,  and 
had  five  sons  and  four  daughters:  George,  Jr.,  Henry,  Elizabeth,  Susannah,  Catherine  , 
Anne.  Michael,  Jacob  and  John.  The  subject  of  ibis  sketch  was  born  February  22, 
1787.  His  early  life  was  spent  on  his  father's  farm,  where  he  attended  such  schools  as  his 
day  afforded.  About  1*10  or  1817  he  came  to  Mechanicsburg.  and.  with  Adam  Reigel 
as  partner  (which  partnership  was  subsequently  dissolved),  opened  the  first  import- 
ant store  in  that  place,  becoming  thereafter  a  successful  merchant;  continuing  therein 
engaged  until  1849,  when  he  disposed  of  his  stock  and  retired  from  active  business  life, 
alw  ays,  however,  taking  a  keen  ami  decided  interest  in  the  public  affairs  of  the  borough,  State 
and  Nation.  Some  years  previous  to  this  time  he  purchased  a  large  tract  of  land,  lying 
immediately  south  01  the  borough  of  Mechanicsburg — bounded  by  the  middle  of  Simpson 
Street — which  since  hi~  decease  has  been  incorporated  into  the  borough,  and  laid  out  by  his 
heirs,  into  town  lots,  with  tine  wide  streets,  and  being  slightly  elevated,  is  being  rapidly 
built  up,  and  bids  fair  to  become  the  most  beautiful  part  of  the  town.  On  February  4, 
1819,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Salome  Keller,  who  was  born  September  13,  1702,  and 
was  the  daughter  of  Martin  Keller,  who  landed  in  Baltimore,  Mil.,  in  1786,  cmi 
grating   from    the   Canton    of    Basle,   Switzerland.       About    1800  he   removed    to    Cumber 

land  County  am]  purchased  a  large  tract  of  land  in  Silver  Spring  Township,  known 
as  "Barbace,"  half  mile  north  of  Mechanicsburg,  which  is  still  owned  by 

bis  descendants.  The  children  of  John  Coover  were  six  in  number  one  son,  who  died 
in  infamy,  ami  live  daughters:  Susan  K.  (widow  of  Philip  H.  Long),  Sarah  (married  to 
Ephraim  Zug,  who  died  in  Mav.  1862,  afterward  married  to  William  II.  Oswald  who  died 
in  January,  1**4).  Mariamne  (wife  of  Richard  T.  Hummel,  Hummelstown.  Dauphin  Co., 
Penn.;  A.  Elizabeth  (married  to  Levi  Kauffman,  now  deceased)  and  J.  Emeline  (widow 
of  Daniel  Coover).  John  Coover  died  May  13,  1862,  and  his  widow  January  3,  1883,  and 
they  were  both  buried  in  the  old  family  grave-yard  at  Barbace.  by  lie  Bide  of  Martin 
Keller  and  Martin  Keller's  wife  and  mother.    The  old  homstead  built  by  John  Coover, 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 


an.l  tenacious  memory.     His  name  was.  a  synonym  for  honest ^  and   nle  r   y   a no irom 
to  act  as  executor  and  administrator  in  settling  the  e>  ales  01   <-<;"-»  consistent  and 

^eCdtv'atiwno'S^^ 

and I  Christian  character.of  which  his  descendants  may  we     be  proudL 

TACOB  H    DEARPOISFF,  physician,  Mechanicsburg,  was  born  on  nis  iatner  s  iarin 

during  winter  and  worked  on  his  father  s  farm  in  summer  tint     he *a '^t, twtoM 

near  East  Berlin  Adams  Co    Penn  wholesale  and  retail  dealers  in  all 

kindSm^sS 

and  six  daughters  who  lived  to  be  men  and  women..    Levi  F.    the :  eldest  son  and  fourth 

,1'  Tnwnshin  this  county  In  1839  he  came  to  Mechanjcsburg,  and  in  lbbl  estaulisnea 
ffi5^b£&£  M*  2nd  Mrs.  Eberly are  members  of  the  Unit ed  Brethren  Church. 
rp,,'  i..,vp  foni.  sons-  W  Harrison,  David  H.,  Edward  M.  and  Ira  b.  OI  these,  vv  .  nai 
rUoI  born  near  Mechrnicsburg  November  16,  1840,  at  sixteen  began  teaching  school  and 
two  veius  later  entered  the  Cumberland  Valley  Institute;  remained  here,  and  n the  Otter 
Win  I     iv  rsi  v   -it   Westerville,  Ohio,  for  two  years;   was  then  appointed  tellei  of  the 

bo1V  Vim  inn      Our  snbiect  was  one  of  t he  or  ginal  members  that  organized 

whaaF  "is now  t he  Fi$r  t  Na°tiona IBank of  Me'chanicsburg.   and  is  a  director  in  the  same. 
The  famUy  is  of  German  descent,  and  came  to  Pennsylvania  at  a  very  ejirhy  date 

^lud^rbetKS 


BOKiH'CII   OF   MKi'll  AN'ICSBCRG.  K)9 

and  latter  born  in  Harrisburg,  Penn.;  she  was  a  granddaughter  of  Andrew  Bholl,  who 
emigrated  from  Germany  in  L746,  and  settled  near  Richland  station,  in  what  is  mnv  Leb- 
anon County,  but  was  then  (1745)  lunty.     Samuel  Eberly,  Sr„  father  of  our 

was  a  farmer  in  early  life,  bui  lain-  became  a  machinist  and  helped  build  the  flrst 
Pottei  threshing  machine  in  the  year  1828  or  1839.  Be  died  in  1845,  aged  fifty  seven  years; 
his  widow  dad  m  1861,  aged  seventy  five,  a  member  of  the  German  Reformed  Church. 
The]  had  eight  children,  tour  daughters  and  Unci'  sons  living  in  be  men  and  women. 
Samuel,  who  is  the  eldest  son,  attended  school  until  he  was  twelve  years  old,  w  hen  in-  en- 
gaged ii  Farming  until  In'  was  seventeen,  when  he  came  to  Mechanicsburg I  learned  the 

carpenter  trade,  which  he  worked  at  here  three  years,  afterward  assisted  his  father  in 
the  manufacture  of  threshing  machines  until  1846,  when  he  formed  a  partnership  with 

n  Staufer  and  built  a  foundry.  He  engaged  in  that  business  until  1854,  when  ho 
snld  out  to  his  partner  and  erected  a  saw-mill,  soon  after  adding  a  planing  mill,  forming  a 

Eartnership  with  Frederick  Seidle  and  Benjamin  Haverstick,  of  Mechanicsburg.  In  1863 
i  out  tin1  null.  Mr  Eberly  then  served  in  the  army  bridge  corps  as  a  carpenter 
in  tho  Army  of  the  Potomac  for  three  months;  then  returned  to  Mechanicsburg  and 
bought  and  sold  old  iron  until  l^Tn,  whenhe  and  Samuel  Hinkle-  engaged  in  the  lumber 
business  al  Rowlesburg,  W.  Va.  Five  years  later  they  bought  a  saw-mill  at  Rowl 
and  took  into  partnership  John  M.  Senseman,  under  the  firm  name  of  Eberly,  Hinkle  & 
Co.,  and  this  business  they  continued  until  November,  1881.  when  Mr.  Eberly  sold  out  his 
interest  to  Hinkle,  Senseman  ami  his  nephew.  John  A.  Hosteller.  .January  24.  18.J0, 
our  Subject  married  Miss  Rebecca  Brown,  born  in  Adams  County.  Penn.,  but  who  lino  ed  to 
North  Middle  ton  Town  hip    this  count  v.  with  her  parents.  John  and    Susannah  ( Krvsher) 

Brown.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Eberly  are  members  of  the  Church  of  God.  They  had  one  son, 
Albert,  who  died  in  infancy.  Mr.  Eberly  is  a  memberof  the  I.  0.  0.  F.,  No.  215  Mechan- 
iceburg  Lodge.  He  has  hved  to  see  this  county  undergo  many  interesting  and  important 
for  when  he  came  to  Mechanicsburg,  it  was  but  a  small  place,  and  his  foundry 
was  the  first  manufactory  here.  He  is  purely  a  self-made  man.  learning  early  in  life  to 
on  bis  own  resources.  His  success  has  been  the  result  of  a  long  life 'of  untiring 
energj  and  pluck,  combined  with  strict  integrity  and  honor. 

Al  sriN  'i.  EBERLY,  of  Eberly  A  Orris,  manufacturers  of  wheels  and  wheel  mate- 

d  all  kinds  of  hardwood  lumber,  Meelianiesburir.  is  a  native  of  this  count  v,  born  in 

n  Township,  three  miles  north  of  Mechanicsburg,  February  1.  1850,  sou  of  John 
and  Barbara  (Shelly)  Eberly,  botb  Datives  of  this  county.  John  Eberly,  a  farmer,  a  mem- 
1  liiiroh.  died  in  1883,  aged  seventy-one  years;  his  widow,  a  member 
ot  Messiah  I  Ihurch,  is  Btill  living;  they  were  the  parents  of  six  children,  five  living:  Ben- 
jamin, a  traveling  salesman,  with  headquarters  at  Mechanicsburg;  Daniel  \\\.  a  grocer 
of  Mechanicsburg;  Anna  E.,  widow  of  Jacob 'P.  Zug,  residing  at  Carlisle,  Penn.;  Austin 
G  .  Lizzie  15. ,  wife  of  John  IS.  Uhrich.  died  in  1880;  John  M.,  treasurer  of  the  Columhus 
\\  heel  and  Bending  Works,  Ohio.  Austin  G.  Eberly  remained  on  the  farm,  attending 
school  winters,  until  he  was    sixteen,  when  he   (Jerked  for  four   years  in  the  grocery  store 

a  Mechanicsburg,  and  then  bought  his  brother  out'  and  conducted  the  busi- 

c  until  isso  when  he  formed  a  partnership  with  another  brother.  John  M.,  in  the 
wheel  and  wheel  material  manufactory;  his  brother  sold  out  to  Adam  Orris  in  1884,  and 
the  firm  has  since  been  Eberly  &  Orris.  Austin  (4.  Eberly  married,  Octobers,  1876,  Miss 
Lizzie  A.  Coover,  a  native  of  Dunkirk,  X.  Y.,  daughter  of  Jacob  II.  and  Jane  (Sarvent) 
Ooover,  the  former  a  native  of  thiscounty  the  latter  of  Piermont,  Rockland  Co.,  N.  Y. 
i  en  born  live  children:  Paul  C,  Austin  C,  Richard  C  .  'Hive  1 1,  ami 
Ita  C  Paul  C,  Richard  C.  and  Olive  C.  died  of  scarlet  fever  in  the  winter  of  1SS1  S.j 
Mr.  Eberly  is  a  member  of  Eureka  Lodge,  No.  303,  A.  F.  A;  A,  M..  Samuel  C.  Perkins 
Chapter.  No.  209,    R.  A    M.,    St.  John's   Conunanderv,    K.  T.,   No.  8,  .at    Carlisle.      He  has 

passed  the  chairs  in  both  the  Blue  Lodge  and  Chapter.  Mr.  and  Mrs,  Eberlv  are  members 
of  the  Church  ol  God,  Mechanicsburg.  He  is  one  of  the  enterprising  representative  busi- 
nessmen of  the  place,  and  one  of  the  leading  manufacturers  in  the  valley.  His  grand- 
father. Benjamin  Eberly,  a  farmer,  married  Elizabeth  Kauffman.  They  w:ere  of  German 
descent,  and  early  settlers  of  Pennsylvania. 

WILLIAM  ECKELS,  retired  postmaster,  Mechanicsburg.  The  Eckels  family  is  one 
of  the  earliest  of  those  sturdypioneer  Scotch-Irish  Presbyterians,  who.  driven  bj  religious 
persecution  from  the  North  of  Ireland,  were  among  the  first  to  seek  new  homes  and  free 
dom  for  religious  worship  in  this  valley.  Francis  Eckels,  Br.,  came  at  a  very  early  date 
to  this  country,  and  settled  in  western  Pennsylvania.  Francis  Eckels,  Jr..  his  son,  was  born 
id,  at  -en,  during  the  passage  over,  lie  married  Mabel  Flemming,  of  i  lumberland 
County,  and  died  in  August,  1814,  al  the  age  of  sixty-five.     Samuel   Eckels,  his 

father  of  our  subject,  settle, 1  j„  Allen   Township,  about   three    miles  south  of    Mechanics 

buri.'      lie  wa- twice  married:  first  to  Agnes  Monasmitb,  by  whom  four  children   were 

born:    Mary   and    Martha    ,  I  winsi.  James   and    William.      By   his    second    wife,  n&     Wary 

Cooper,  there  were  Robert.  William,  Nancy,  Elizabeth.  Samuel  and  Margareta.  Willaim 
Eckels,  the  subjeel  of  this  sketch,  was  born  on  his  father's  farm,  in  what  is  now  Upper 
Allen  Township,  January  15,  1817.     He  learned  the  trade  of  cooper,  and  at  twenty-five 


410  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

located  at  Cedar ^  Springs  no. ;  Milltown  where  he  took  c=  of  ^coo^shops  of 
George  Heck,  distiller  and  mi  W      In  the  M«no^i  fae  ^  fof  &         od 

1853  he  was  appointed  postmastei  by  Pie*    e  it  t ere      s  'ji^hunicsburg.  where  he  is 

December  88.  1844.  son  of  Na .  1    n.e    Ha    1 ^Mai       ^«  m    j  ^  &  famer 

amtyiiidiiimteiirfHw^^l'^^  commissioner  of  this 

by  Of^^^^H^^riSabell.  (Clendenin)  Eckels,  the 

Legislature  in 1840;  he  »  ate     ta ^vl^m  t£e  North  oi f  Ireland  by  religious  per- 
hardy  Scotch-Irish  Piesbytenans  w no   unvcu  x  Pennsylvania      The  subject  of  our 

elected  Democratic  ™F««'™";«  ".'  fj.  ,,SS,     „'  n 'tent.     He  .et.ecl  on  the  cotnmit- 

neera  who  sought  homes  in  America;  taej  lanaea  juwiumun    »;'•■  .      „i„jjtv. 

with   Sliver  Spnng.     Mis.  fi.cKt is.  m. '  f  ,,  M      and  Mrs.  William  Eckels 

Spring  graveyard   where  ^J^^^^Tchnr^  they  had  five   children- 
were  members  of  the  old  Mm  i  f        =-   l  H   ,-  .        t,  ly  one  living.     Mrs.  William 

three  children,  one  now  1  v  >g J >  " iB.,i es u »n:  ,  .     farmfng  until  his  marriage,  in 

SS&flK  ^l5-^Si^5S^»^  Hampden  Township,  this  county. 


BOROUGH  OF  MECHANICSBURO.  II  1 

a  daughter  of  Isaac  and  Jane  (Anderson)  Adams.  Borne  two  years  after  his  marriage  he 
engaged  in  mercantile  business  at  Sporting  Hill,  Hampden  Township,  where  be  remained 
until  1868,  when  he  opened  a  general  Btore  in  Hogestown.  His  wife  died  in  1866,  the 
il  three  children,  on  livin  \  m  wifi  of  Samuel  Sample,  employed  in  steel 
works  in  Steelton,  Dauphin  Co  .  Penn.  He  and  wife  were  raised  in  Silver  SpringTown- 
ship;  the  former  was  horn  in  Hampden  Township.  Mr.  William  II  Eckels,  alter  the 
death  of  hie  wife,  retired  from  business  and  settled  on  a  farm  near  Hogestown,  now 
owned  bj  Mrs.  Gibble.  He  resumed  business  in  Hogestown,  three  years  later,  with 
I  B  Ewalt,  ami  also  had  a  branch  store,  two  miles  north  of  Huston's  noils  in  Silver 
Spring  Township.  In  April.  1881,  .Mr.  Eckels  came  to  Mechanicsburg  and  formed  his  late 
partnership  with  Andrew  0.  Sample  and  established  the  business.  This  partnership  was 
dissolved  by  mutual  agreement,  .Mr.  Sample  taking  the  entire  stock,  and  Mi.  Ecki  Is  open- 
ing Ins  present  place  of  business,  where  he  has  succeeded  in  building  up  a  fair  trade.  Mr 
Eckels  married,  in  .lime.  [881,  Mrs.  Jennie  Armstrong,  horn  in  Silver  Spring  Township 
this  county,  daughter  of  William  and  Rebecca  Hershman,  and  to  this  union  have  heen 

born  three  Children:     Minnie.  Blamh  and   Olive.      (Mrs.  Eckels  had   two   children   hv   her 

first  husband:  Charles  S  .  clerking  for  our  subject,  and  Clara,  i    Mrs.  Eckels  is  a  member 
of  the  Evangelical  Church.    Mr.  Eckels  is  an  enterprising,  representative  business  man  and 

Citizen.      He   has  heen  a  member  of  the  board   of  trustees  of    the   Presbyterian  Church  of 
Spring  Township  for  twenty  live  years. 
JOSEPH  ELCOCK,  retired  merchant.  Mechanicsburg,  has  been  identified  with  Me- 
chanicsburg since  the  fall  of  1 806.      He  was  horn  on  the  old  homestead  farm  of  his  father 
near  the    "  Halt   \\  ay    House."  in  Warrington  Township.  York  Co..  Penn.,   November  18 

1  oi  Rii  hard  and  Marj  \\  agoner)  Elcock.  Richard  BIcockwas  born  in  Ireland 
and  came  alone  to  America  when  nineteen  years  old,  settling  in  York  County,  Penn.;  was  a 

by  trade,  but  followed  farming  in  York  County,  where  he  was  married,  and  lived 
to  be  seventy  two  years  old;  his  widow  lived  to  he  about  seventv  four;  they  wane  Presby- 
terians. Tney  had  five  sons  and  two  daughters.  Joseph,  the  youngest,  attended  school 
and  worked  on  Ins  lather's  farm  until  he  was  sixteen,  when  he  went  to  what  is  now  Frank- 
ungtown.  Fork  Co  Penn.,  when'  he  learned  the  tailor's  trade.  Three  years  later  be 
started  \\  cm  on  toot,  and  was  gone  twenty  weeks.  Settlements  were  few  aiid  far  between 
and  Mr  Elcock  went  as  far  as  Obcrlin,  which  was  then  a  town  three  years  old.  To  give 
some  idea  of  his  pluek  as  a  hoy.  he  cleaved  $9  a  month  while  gone  by  working  at  bis  trade 
buying  and  gelling  watches,  etc.  He  returned  home  and  worked  at  his  trade  in  York  and 
Cumberland  Counties,  but  subsequently  managed   his   father's   farm   until   the  spring  of 

len  be  look  charge  of  the  "  Half  Way  House."  owned  by  his  father,  which  stood 
on  the  old  York  road  between  York  and  Carlisle.  Our  subject  was  married  here  Octo- 
ber 10,  1NS\  i,,  Mi-  Elizabeth  Stroninger,  whowas  bom  in  York  County,  Penn  daughter 
of  Daniel  Stroninger.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Elcock  left  the  hotel  in  1840,  and  moved  to  their 
farm  near  Mount  Pleasant,  where  Mrs.  Elcock  died  September  9,  1850.  To  this  union 
were  born  six  children  :   Mary  A.,  wife  of  David  Middle,  a  merchant  of  Mechanicsburg   a 

of  the  Arm  of  T.  J.  Elcock  &  Biddle;  Jacob  R.,  who  resides  in  Kansas,  married  to 
.Miss  (  hristianna.  daughter  of  Daniel  Kahm;  John,  engaged  in  the  manufactory  at  Be- 
'"'"'•.i1  ',  "':,"'nL''l  "'  M"^  Ferrins;  Theodore,  unmarried,  traveling  in  the  West;  Thomas 
J.,  of  1.  .1,  Elcock  &  Biddle,  merchants,  Mechanicsburg;  Eliza  J.,  wife  of  David  Myers  a 
farmer  residing  near  Mount  Plea-ant, York  Co.,  Penn.  On  January  1.  1W.  Joseph  Elcock 
our  subject,  married  Miss  Mary  Branamon,  born  near  Bowmansdale,  Cumberland  Co.. 
*enn.,  daughter  -1  Jacob  and  Mary  (Ginter)  Branamon.  Mr.  Branamon  was  a  miller  and 
farmer,  and  be  and  his  wife  were  old  settlers  of  York  County,  Penn..  members  of  the 
Church  of  God.      Mr.  and  Mr-.  Elcock  have  had  four  children,  two  living:   Eillie,  wife  of 

"•""  K  :l  hardware  merchant  and  manufacturer,  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Seefert 
A  Hauck,  Mechanicsburg,  Penn.;  Bamantha  Lizzie,  born  February  20  1854  died  August 
13,  1879;  Sarah  Ellen,  born  September  t.  1858,  died  March  89,  1881;  and  Anna  F    residing 

at  home  with  her  parent-,  Mr.  ami  Mrs.  Joseph  Elcock  have  been  members  of  the  Church 
Of  ,""1  KM  the  past  loily  lour  years.  Our  subject  remained  on  his  farm  in  York  County 
engaged  in  potterj  manufacturing  and  farming  until  1855,  when  he  opened  a  Btore  in 
Mount  Pli  asant,  and  ran  this  in  connection  with  his  farm  and  pottery  until  1800, when  he 
came  to  Mechanicsburg  and  engaged  in  mercantile  trade.  From  1*7.5 "to  1878  he  eon 
a  furniture  store  He  engaged  in  the  plow  manufacturing  business  in  1878,  and  patented 
nberland  Valley  Plow,  and  also  the  ••  Self-sharpening  Cumberland  Valley  Plow  " 
which  business  he  continued  until  June,  1883,  when  he  sold  out  to  the  present  'manufac- 
turer. Robert  Shapley,  Mr.  Elcock  helped  organize  the  Second  National  Hank  ol  Mechan 
ICBliurg,  and  is  still  a  din  ctorol  tin-  bank.  He  is  purely  a  self-made,  practical  man,  full  of 
activity  andlife.  He  never  used  tobacco  in  any  form,  and  was  never  under  the  influence 
of  liquor.  When  a  lioj  he  drove  teams  from  his  father's  farm,  in  York  County,  to  Balti- 
more, Md  .  hauling  Hour  to  merchants  in  that  city(thiswas  before  the  railroads  were 
built).  Mr.  Elcock  i- of  [rial)  and  German  descent;  his  mother'.-  people  came  from  Ger- 
many to  America  in  an  early  day. 

JACOB  EMMINGER,  retired  farmer,  Mechanicsburg,  was  born  near  Quincy,  Wash- 


412  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

inston  Township,  Franklin  Co Penn  October ^ISU,  son  <^J°**ff™ 
(Miller  Emminger,  natives  of  ^lh<  V  '  "  n  i  , /n-  s  of  ten  chihln-n.  Jacob,  tl.e  sec- 
Township  Franllin  Co.  ^-^f^^XlTe  witThhparents  to  Silver  Spring 
ond  son  and  thud  tliilcl,  was  ten  yiais  om  father's  farm    attending  school  during 

Township,  this  county,  where ,  he  worked  °f^J^L[^\^iisa  Sarah  Lehn.  a  native 

?«!= ^  °ilS;SviKPsj  asaassg 

Lehn.     Attei   his  marriage  jir.ain  iu  '-  Township,  where  he  remained  until 

(wife  of  John  C.  Bowman,  justice  01  im  |u  T  ,;..,  Martin  L     who  resides  at 

rhr,Inohw\rrr!PSter6h^tir^  —  o*  theLutheran 

ChUSAMUEL  N   EMINGER.  ex-clerk  to  the  county  commissioners.  Mechanicsburg^s 

settled  in  Silver  Spring  Township,  l'"1'  lpunt ^nl  ''.     p,,nn     and  bad  a  family  of  seven 
married  Magdalena  Miller,  born  in  Franklin  Coun ty,  Fen   .,  ana  , 

withstanding ^that  tins ^s .a Kep^bhcan  ward  ^  ^  (pifer)  Fu?. 

sixteen  years  old,  when  hi  "ivint     '       .-  '  ■  d  in  1853  graduated  from  Jef- 

he  was  nineteen;  then  read  »-»,''  ^^Te  formed  a  partnership  with  his 
ferson    Medical    College,    l  liuauc  ipi  1 1,  ,  .         ..,  1S(i0     n      thev  dissolved,  since 

^SS^T^^^^^^T^^S^^  examination  at  the 


BOROUGH   OF  MIVII ANICSBURG.  413 

State  capital,  Barriaburg,  and  received  acertifla .r  examination  from  Surgeon  Qeneeal 

Phelhpa  aigned  by  Andre*  Q   Curtin  governor,  and  registered  to  hold  bimtelf  adi 

l-t,,r,l„y.  and,  in  .  1861.  wiis  assigned  to  a  regiment,  Chattanooga,  Tenn..  but  on  account 
".'  Mspractice  and  his  family,  he  did  not  accept  the  commission.     Dr.  Fulmer  was  mar 

ried   February  18.   1864.  to  Miss  Susan  Long,  si.,,,-  of  1),-.  P.  II.  I „       dan'lte      f 

Phdip  and  Elizabeth  (Springer)  Long      To  this  „„i ,ave  been  horn  fiVe  children Vthree 

nowflving:  Emma  M.  graduated  thelrvtog  Female  College,  married  to  Dr.  M  K  Bow- 
er.  Hamburg.  Pen,, .  Robert  B  bun,  in  Mechanicsburg,  Penn.,  September  is.  1865;  and 

wioi  'n '",',;'';','''' 7,' ''  lu'"':l":"-  '"'.  K"1"'"'-  !■  «  "ember  of  the  Lutheran 
U"         ,,tn      '\'.    vr  Westpractitioners  oi  medicine  in  Cumberland  County 

hl'.i.NL  (    GARDNER,  editor  and  boob  keeper  for  the  "Thomas  Printing  House  " 
and  insurance  age^t.M.chanu  shu, y    was  born   at  V„rk  Springs.  Adams  Co..  Pen"     July 

16,  IM   son  of  Bemamin  F.  and  Bi la  (Moul  Gardner,  old  settlers  of  Fork  Springs. 

"'.  |H""1>' ",-"1'''1  "'  ll""-  '■'"Idr.-n.  of  whom  Eugene  C.  is  the  only  one  living     Our 

ffiJS  Jfa8ibU'  ^.yfawoWwhen  his  father  d His  mother  r,.si,i ed  witl  he father 

Conrad  Moul.  proprietor  oi  »  5  ork  Springs  Summer  Resort"  until  1*58.  when  she  located 

WKdEKSE*  I  n''";'  Pi  '  :ml'"'!'  ftW|nded  ^common schools  and  the  Cumberland 
\  all,  ..  nstnute.  In  is,.,  he  was  employed  as  a  "typo"  on  the  <7«w»4«rtarad  PWi««  Jour- 
nal. In  18h,  he  was  appointed  local  editor  of  the  Valley  Dotnocrat.  owned  by  Hon  T  F 
Singer  [n  February,  1871  Mr.  Gardner,  wi,h  R.  II,  Thomas  and  L  II.  Brinks,  purchVsfd 
"'  FaUe*.  "'  ■'."",''•'"  ,:""  Changed  the  name  to  the  Valley  Independent,  and  a  year  later 
they  purchased  the  Cumberland  VaUey  Journal  and  consolidated  the  two  papers  Into  the 
present  Indep,  „,,  nt  Journal.    In  1874  Mr.  Gardner  sold  out  his  interest  to  H  C.  Demming 

of     larnsburg.  Penn     and   has  sine.,   he, ,     ,ge,i  in  the  lire  and  life  insurance  bu       ,' T 

I  878  he  aceeptedhis  present  position  as  local  editor  of  the  Ind.pendmt  Journal Our 
subject  was  umted  in  marriage.  June  5,  1871,  with  Miss  Sue  A.,  daughter  of  Robert  and 
3,  hock)  Wilson  Mrs.  Gardner  is  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  Churcl i  To  this 
union  have  been  born  four  children:  Karl  W„  Pauline  S.,  Bertha  E.  and  "(race  Mr 
Gardner  «  secretary  of  Integrity  Council.  No.  197.  0.  U.  A.  M.;  secretary  of  WO.,  No' 
lt>4  1  .  O.  B.  of  A. ;  and  is  president  of  the  Washington  Fire  Company  Mcchanicsbunr  In 
politics  he  is  a  strong  supporter  of  the  Republican  party.  P     *    mtcnanicsouiB.    In 

30L03ION  MBRY  GORGAS  banker,  Mechanicsburg.  is  one  of  the  pioneer  chil- 
dren of     umberland  County,  born  August  81,  1815,  on  the  old  homestead  farm,  in  Lower 

i  l'  -^hTri'n  V  '"  T'Tf!  iD  the  family  °i  foursons  iind  three  ^«ghters  of  Solomon 
and  (  atharine  (Pahnestock)  Gorgas,  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  who  were  married  in  Lan- 
caster County.  P,,,n  and  ,ame  to  this  county  aboul  1803.  settling  on  the  old  farm  now 
owned  by  their  son.  \\  dham  R,.  in  Lower  Allen  Township.  Solomon  Gorgas  Sr  w  is  i 
pnen,,,,,,,  man  of  Ins  day;  was  elected  by  the  people  of 'this  county  to  the  L,gisl  re 
two  terms;  he  opened  a  store  and  hotel  on  his  farm  in  Lower  Allen  Township  (the  only 

1888  at'ed      v'1,";  ^  P,'rt  °f  the  COl,ntr  [or  manV  ^ars>'  a"d  ^ed  Here  Sep  ember  2? 

1838,  aged  sevenjy-fonr  years,  seven  months  and  four  days.     His  widow  died  August  9 

^seventy  nine  years,  five  months  and  six  days.    Both  were  members  of  the  Bey.' 

\    i    ,,,   ;  '  'r    aol»mon     •  Sorgas  married,  May 8,  1845.  Miss  Elizabeth  Eber- 

ar  '        "'    '  ;'"MHlen  Townslnp.  tin.  county.  March  31.  1823,  daughter  of   Benjamin  and 

T  w  ,-i „  V  i  r  >  y'  "S'TS  "f  ,""s  ''"'""y-  0ur  *ubiwt  farme°  »»  Fairview 
township,  York  o  Penn.,  until  1850,  when  he  came  to  Mechanicsburg,  this  county  and 
to  1856  Purchased  fifty-six  acres  of  what  is  now  a  part  of  the  east,  side  of  the  city     &1859 

EU-rv    Wll    ''    company  with    Lev     Merkel,  Jacob    Munnua.  Jacob,   Levi    F    and   Sal • 

,.,   1       il  r'-xV'  ■ ;'"  ",„N"1'  V  ;U,d  John   Brandt-  tormed   a   hanking  company 

Kauffm  n  n"n1'i,l,,;"  |'f  ";:!k';]-  Mamm«  *  Co..  With  John  Brandt,  preside,,!  a,„I  Levi 
the  SI,;  '  I  v  U  I,  ,  '  '"'  ':",k  ]TT'  "'"  Mechanicsburg  Bank,  chartered  under 
v  ,  ,  v  ,        i  r     ,  President,    [n  February,  1864,  the  bank  was  chartered  as  the 

First  Nahonal  Bank.  With  Solomon  P.  Gorgas,  president,  and  n-ehartered  in  Pebruarv 
1888.     To  our  subject  and  Wife  have  been  born  nine  children,  of   whom  one  son  and  1  lee 

daughters  are  living:  Kate  K.  wife  of  Dr.  .I.Nelson  Clark,  of  Barrisburg,  Pen  vv  | 
amT.  formerly ^connected  with  the  First  National  Hank,  in  Mechanicsburg,  now  resW- 
"f  "(st-  ^U's-Mo  .  Anna  I',.  wife  of  Jacob  H.  Kohler.amemberof  theflrmof  J  B  loh- 
ler&Co..  manufacturers,  Mechanicsburg,  Penn.;  and  Mary  E    wife  of  William  o  H  ,ki 

HPwftth°ih0fthe    ,P '    Hmtaburg.  Penn.    MT^rgas  Cbeen  gSt 

Mpe.7n      "~ '""", ',■'  '"'  *e.PMt.|eventy  years.     Be  builf  the  Irving  Female  Coll r 

","  a°dhis  wife  stand  high  in  , stimation  o    all  who  know  them 

^'"•v,  r'-'f  '"  '""   "'  '  '•■  married  forty  years  ago.     Mrs    Gorgas  is  a 

r,l,!;r,"f  the  Methodist   Episcopal  fjhurch.     Our  subjeel  Is  , ,,h  r  our  old  set 

',"  ;.  *":<  ?w    "         't"",",M'  ",!,n-,'"'  -',1M  '      ""  n«  '"-1'1  various  local  offices' 

ma,,     '     V     ""'  ;'"''  ''"  '  '  '   '    lic8DUrS  :""1  Cumberland  County  undergo 

many  interesting  and  importanl  changes.  "mergo 

™-„?-E0.BG?  1L,\l  ,,'K'  '''>il:  ,,"','•  member  of  the  firm  of  Bauck  &  Oomstoek 

machinists  etc  .  M,  chanicsburg,  is  a  representativ „„•  of  n id  families  of  Cumber: 

land  County,  born  on  the  old  homestead  of  his  father  and  grandfather,  in  Meadow  Valley 


414  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

t.  t  i„  «    isoq      Wis    narents    George    and    Hannah   (Senseman) 

Lancaster  Co.,   Penn.   July  6,   1823.    His    pa  in    ,     *<-     *  ^  &  ^  of 

Hauck,  were  born  in  Meadow  Valley,  Penn     His  tath<  r,  *  n  Lancaster  Co., 

George  Hauck,  who  came  from  Germany  and  set  tie  1  in  .Hi  an  y  >        *■    Q  Hauck 

Penn  ,  in  1760.     He  was  a  shoe-maker  by        d ebutto no wt       a         g    whom"at,amed 
was  the  fifth  child  and  third  sou  in  a  fami ly  of   nine  i£  £»<£   *     .  t    to  Silver 

maturity.  Our  subject  was  but  *°J«  tKorthS  oniecZictog,  where 
Spring  Township,    settling  on  a  faira     oui   n  ilcs   n     ""  L  years  of  age.  when  he 

George  remained,  attending  school winte rs  until  he  *  a s  J^t  g^  ^^ 

began  to  learn  wagon-making  at  New  lungs  ton :  '^"'l^  t  f  his  brothers,  and  in 
icsburg  and  finished  his  trade  in  the  coach-makg  is  .     ihn    n  1855,  George 

1845  bought  a  half  interest  m  the  business  His  b> c ^  A^u^  ht  ont  the  half 
Hauck  bought  out  his  interest,  and  later  he  I u.  brother  Co=mstock  foundry, 

interest  that  their  deceased  brother  owned  in     ha    is     o  .  U  *  na  he  and 

In  1860  George  Hauck  sold  out  his  »>*^  ^  "™  interest  and  ran  under  the 
his  brothers  bought  out  the  par ^r»  (J«™>  J   '™  an  s)   n  ere  q  g   ^ 

firm  name  of  S.  &  G.  Hauck  until  1880,  when  mey ^som  a  Comstock     Mr.  George 

stock,  the  business  then  being  under  the  firm  name  of  ^ Ham :l  iV  i  mo  ommi8sioner  of 
Hauck  has  always  been  an  ^p^XiemWb™derted  director  of  the 

Kan'dtsXnJb^^ 

Hauck  has  been  director  of  the  First  National  Bank  s  i  1*M  . n(  has  ser  <  a  s'elf.made 
and  director  of  the  Mechanics  burg  (,a, ,^W  ^C°  ^^rces,  and  stands  high  in 
man,  having  learned  early  in  lite  to  iiepcmi  upu  ■  "  Although  a  comm  ss  oner  of 

the  estimation,  of  all  as  an  honest  g  izen  and  gentl ^^^^Xfief  his  wife  is  a 
the  county  he  is  not  a  politician.     «••»*«£  «»      «  .   ,  g       h  E.  (wife 

member  of  the  Lutheran  Church.     They  have  tin  c h'hlicn       u  £  (married  to  Miss 

of  John  A;  Eberly,  a   ^ '^residing  at  McP her, on   Ka 0   David  ^  ^^  & 

S  SA^J^rr|        Kg;  -e-rcSiVa1!!  fusK^  °of 

&hnYZe°e£e^ 

Philadelphia).     The  Hauck  family  is  of  German  descent  Mechanicsburg,  was 

GEORGE  W.  HAUCK,  ^^'^^^^^ZiS^n^  (Wo/derly) 
born  in  Mechanicsburg,  Penn     Maj    b,  1041,     onoi  £"  partner  of  Jeremiah 

Hauck.     Adam  Hauck  was  an  iron  manufac  ture , -an 1  at  one  hi it  a  paun 
Senseman,  with  whom  he  did  business  under  the  t im  name  o .  .in!  inn  Susannah 

afterward  became  S.  &  G.  Hauck  and  is  now  Ha  ck  &  C oms ock      Adam  a 
Hauck  had  four  children.     George  W     the  second  child ^  and  son,  «£*■  ]earn  the 

schools  and  Cumberland  Valley  Institute  until  hej gas   . me e  n  .   ?       histradein 

tinner's  trade  at  the  age  of  fifteen,  and  from  nineteen  ui       tt i  ntj  s  x .*  he 

Cincinnati  (Ohio),  Rochester.  Wabash  (Indiana > Harr^burgand  other  peaces  ^  ^^ 
formed  a  partnership  with  his  uncle   F.  J\ -omle  ilj  .and  e age  a  ^^  & 

Company.     George  W.  Hauck,  married.  Ja""  '    , '  '  b|  a,  1  El  zabct     (Lhnal)  Starr.     Mrs. 
H.rk.t  Street  when  be  ^.'ftSto'rSj?     B     mSW  ">>«'  'l«'«»'-  '" 

this  county,  and  who  had  three  son      nd  one    lai ig  »"   •     ^  « »l1  J         and  clerked  for 

formed  a  partnership with  h.sb ^^rtte.tomed  the  Hauck  Bros.  &  Co.  Patent 
chamesburg.     In  18.2  he,  in  company  w  ii     >  a  til]Ware business,  formed 

KSpXtieS^dSf  h  f^^i^M^^^^^" 


BOROrosi!  OF  MECHANICSBURG.  415 

town,  this  county,  daughter  of  C.  D.  Hertzler.  To  this  anion  was  born  one  son,  Ralphs., 

whodied  i  edeighl  tbs.     Mrs    Hauck  died  in  September,  1875,  and  November  4,  1880' 

Mi-   Hauck  married  Miss  Lou  E.  Elcock,  born  in  Siddonsburg,  "^" 01 U  Co.,  Penn.,  daughter 
of  Joseph  ami  Mary  (Breneman)  Elcock,  Mechanicsburg.     Mrs  Hauck  is  a  member  of  the 

Church  of  God.     Mr.  Hauck  has  a  beautiful  brick  residence  fitted  up  in  the  31  modern 

style,  where  he  and  bis  famih  reside      Hi  isamembef  of  Eureka  Lodge,  No.  802,  A.  1    M 
I  0  0  F  and  I.  O.  0  II.  Mechanicsburg     He  is  one  of  the  leading  enterprising  represen 
lam.  citizens  of  Cumberland  County,  where  he  lias  been  identified  all  his  life,     He  has 
the  confidence  an, I  respecl  of  all  and  is  known  a-  an  honest,  upright  business  gentleman 
BENJAMIN  HA VERSTICK,  retired  farmer,  Mechanicsburg,  was   born  on    the  Co- 

0  River  within  three  miles  of  Lancaster  City,  Lancaster  Co.,  Penn.,  March2   1801 
son  of  Michael  ami  Eve  (Bender)  Haverstick,  natives  of  Lancaster  County.    Their  par 

ents came  from  Germany.    They  were  members  of    the  German  Refi idChurch.  They 

had  five  children  three  sons  and  two  daughters:  Michael,  George,  Maria(wife  of  Socra 
tes  Myers),  Nancy  (wife  of  A. lam  Kindig)and  Benjamin.  The  subject  of  our  sketch 
the  youngest,  remained  on  the  farm  with  his  father  until  his  miirriaire.  November  > 
1824,  with  Miss  Lydia  Meylin,  who  was  born  four  miles  south  of  Lancaster,  Penn.  March 
8,  lsiiT.  daughter  of  Abraham  ami  Anna  (Shank)  Meylin,  also  natives  <>(  Lancaster 
County,  an, I  members  of  the  old  Mennonite  Church.  After  marriage  Mr.  and  .Mrs 
Haverstick  moved  to  Cocalico  Township,  Lancaster  Co.,  Penn  .  and  engaged  in  farming 
until  April.  1834,  when  they  settled  mi  a  farm  one  mile  west  ,,f  Mechanicsburg,  in  Silver 
Bpring  Township,  this  county,  and  there  followed  agricultural  pursuits  until  1875,  when 
the  farm  was  rented  They  have  since  resided  in  Mechanicsburg.  They  are  members  of 
ih-   Methodisl  Episcopal  Church.    Of  the  ten  children  born  to  this  couple,  six  survive: 

1  ,  bom  November  :i,  1825,  was  married,  December  29,  1846,  to  John  A.  Hensel 
since  deceased;  Hiram  A.,  born  November  10.   1828,  was  married  July  4.  1855,  to  Miss 

ISOn,  and  is  a  farmer  in  Marion  County,  lnd.;   Ucn  jam  in.  who  married  Mary 
1.    Snavely,  was  amember  of  a  Pennsylvania  volunteer  regimen!  under  Col.  Rush    was 
wounded  ami  captured  by  the  rebels,  and  died  June  1.1,  [868,  from  exposure  while  in  serv- 
ice; Martin  M  .  married  Miss  Sarah  Jane  Wonderly,  and  residing  on  a  farm   in  Vernon 
County.  Mo.;  Lydia  R.,  married,  April  7.  1857,  to  l)r.  William  H.  Longsdorf,  ex-county 
treasurer,  ami  major  of  a  Pennsylvania  cavalry  regiment  from  Cumberland  County;  Bar- 
bara Eve.  born  June-.-.'.  1888,  died  December  30,  183!t;  Levi  M  .  married  to  Miss  Emma  E 
Frantz  January  4.  1870.  was  captain  of  an  infantry  company  under  Col.  II.  1.  Ziun    and 
was  wounded   at    the   bailie   of  Antietam  and  at   Fredericksburg,  where   his  colonel  was 
killed— his  widow  resides  at  Hock   Island.  111.:  Mary   E.,  married  November  28,  18(i(i    to 
•  lort.  resides  in  Mechanicsburg.  Penn.;  Fannie  and  Carrie  (twins),  the  lor 
married  to  Edward  Weibly,  died  SeptemberSO,  1882,  aged  thirty-six  years    four 
months  and   four  days;  the  latter,  married  to  William  Williamson  October  14  1809  re- 
Mechanicsburg,  Penn.     .Mr.  and   Mrs.  Benjamin  Haverstick   have   been   married 

sixty-one   years,    and    enjoy    g 1    health.     They   stand    high    in    the   estimation  of  all 

and  are  among  the  few  old  settlers  who  have  lived  to  see  this  county  under™  so  many  in- 
teresting changes. 

JESSE  C.   HAYS,  retired  merchant,  Mechanicsburg,   was  born  in   Newberrytown 
1  .  Penn..  July  it.  1818.     His  grandfather,  Jesse  Hays,  was  born   in  Walls   ami 
came  alone  to  America  when  a  young  man.  Bettling  in  Chester  County,  Penn.,  butafter- 
ward  moved  to  York  County,  same  State,  and  took  up  large  tracts  of  land  in  Pishing 
Creek  Valley.     He  married  Miss  Margarey  Mills.    Though  Jesse  Hays  and  his  wife  were 
at  first  Methodists,  they  subsequently  became  Quakers;  their  family  consisted  of  three 
-and   one   son:   Lydia,    wife  of  Joseph    Willett;    Susan,    married   first   to   a  Mr 
Clark,  and    then  to   a  Mr.    Carskaddon;    Hannah,  a    maiden    lady,  and    .Mills.      Mills  ||aVs 
named,   was  born  in    Newberrytown,  York    Co..   Penn.,    ami  in   early  life  fol- 
lowed coopering,  but  afterward  taught    school;  served  a-  justice  of  the  peace  for  eighteen 
dwas  elected,  later,  to  the  ofllce  of  associate  judge  of  York  Countv,  Penn     till- 
osition  toi   five  years.     He  died  in  1858,  aged  Beventy-two  years';   he  married 
Crull,  ot  York  County,  and  had  two  sons  and  three  daughters,  who  lived  to  be 

men  and  women    and  ol  whom  [WO  daughters  and  one  -on  are  now  living:   Sidney    widow 

of  William  Epley,  resides  in  Newberrytown;  Jes  eC  and  Jane,  wile  of  Samuel  I'  Har- 
mon; they  reside  in  Newberrytown,  York  Co..  Penn.  Our  subject  attended  school  in 
Newberrytown  until  he  was  eighteen,  when  he  began  teaching,  and  after  following  this 
profession  eight   winti  1  mercantile  trade  with  his  father.     In  1848  he  bought 

out  his  father's  interest  and  engaged  in  business  for  himself  until  1865,  when  he  sold 
out.  He  was  elected  justice  ol  the  peace  of  Newberry  Township  in  1863.  and  held  that 
onice  five  years  also  postmaster  eight    years,     [n  1869  he  came  to  Mechanicsburg 

where  he  has  since  resided.  Mr.  Hays  was  married,  Ma\  1:;  1852  to  Miss  Mary  Miller 
born  in  Newbem  Township,  York  Co.,  Penn..  February  15,  1837,  daughter  of  Sam- 
uel and  Mary  (Reeser)  Miller,  old  settlers  of  York  County,  and  whose  Darents  came  from 
Germany.  Mr.  Hays  attends  the  Presbyterian  Church;  Mrs.  Hays  is  a  member  of  the 
United  Brethren  Church.     To  them  have  been  born  two  children:  Mills  M     born  in  New 


416  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

berrytown,  York  Co.,  Penn  married  to .JDm .Clara  Bowery  is  a  cigar  manufacturer, 
andMame,  at  present  attending  Miss  Woodwind  s ,  s  t  Iiool  at     i ■ £  ,  he  ha8 

Mechanicsburg,  was  born  beptembei  13,  WW,  in  »»w j»P      g  f^  (g  } 

his  grandfather's  (Michael  baxton  s)  farm    is  a  son  <  t  .m  Presbyterian  Church. 

Houston,  also  natives  of  this  conn  y at ^ante  of  '^       J  S0Q  and  third  child. 

They  had  three  sons  and  one  daughtei    ba n lucl *.  o     V  ef  wag  raised  by 

His  father  dying  when  our  subject  was  but  four  >.a.s  <>^  ,d      hen  he  wa8 

Henry  W.  Irwin  in  Silver  Spring  Township  ™l^?XZ'}*  irulT-nXw  Kingston,  where 
apprenticed  to  Samuel  Fisher  to  learn  the  k^rness^  ak «  ,  tradt  at  New M^  thea 
he  served  four  years;  then  traveled  west  in  Oh  o  In d uiia  n in  o  ..  1859),when  he 

returned  to  New  Kingston  and  earned  o n  a  sho    ot      s  ov,  n  ^    ^  acted  ag 

located  in  Mechanicsburg,  and  engaged   nth,  sin,    ,   -»  hardware  business 

salesman  for  George  De  B.  Keim,  ex-sheriff  ot  rm, we  pn^ i  then  formed  a  part- 

until  1864;  then  clerked  in  a  ^y  goods  store  ^  Hwrisbur    untu  i       ,  ^  Qf 

nership  with  George  Beelman  and  engaged  in  tin  aJ0cer>  Mechanicsburg,  con- 

1871.  when  be  sold  out  to  his  partner   and^pened  »  ^^  tht°anufacture   where  he  em- 

SC^eSl^teJnamt  SlSg-  o]er  ^^^£££5  jX 

L.'  fheUy  ami  J.  N.  Young;  the  thir .being  lodge  room  of  ^  ^.  fd^I  family 
respectively),  some  building  lots  and  his  house  M»  ^  ss  Sallie  1  Beelman,  born  in 
reside.     Our  subject  was  married   Decembei     b   IN        o     ns^  Beelman.     To  this 

Monroe  Township,  this  county,  daughter  , if  Jo  .in  -.V^.  G[  ^  R  born  June  36, 
union  have  been  born  three  sons;  J ^Milton,  born  July  ~. iww. ^  ^ nd  treasurer  of 

1871.  and  George  B.    born  November  36   1 8,4.     Mr  Houst^is^an     ^  p 
Eureka  Lodge,  No.  303,  F.  &  A.  31.,  ai so     m  member  of  Grand  Chapter 

member  of  Samuel  C.  Perkins  Chapter,  N«U15,K.A.  |„\i"uanicsburg;  was  councilman 
of  Pennsylvania.  He  has  held  ™«*  ^  '  '  S  I,,,,  fi«  and  Building 
one  term,  burgess. three  terms .and f«  tieasu .  .  ol n^t,  aS(.„u.h^rish  descent,  and  our 
Association  for  nine  years.     The    am  ^""Xlrish  people   driven   out  of   Ireland 

subject's   ancestors  were  amo, |  the   Wj ^e^and'  settling  in  Pennsylvania. 

°n  GEORGE ^UMmK  P ^anl  coal  merchant ^J^J*«*  was  born  in  Phila- 
delp^n^K 

^ntendentofffi^ 

son,  a  farmer  near  DiUsburg   York  Co    Penn  -  ^■^  f^^  Jennie  Lvman.  a  daugh- 

merchant,  Harrisburg.  Penn.;  Tern, pie  ton  B . .  v, .bo  »  served  all  through 

ler,  born  in  Fishing  Creek  V^'.J"^-'  *f  ™ {g'-.o  our  subject  went  to  Philadelphia. 

merchant  tailoring  for  his  father  who .had I  opened  a  dry ^n^ds^ore  here  ^  ^^ 
established  his  present  business  here He  and  his  v.  fe a ^^j  of  Decatur' 111.,  a 
Church.  They  have  six  children;  Anne  C  w  te  of. Jo in \^:  d  j  Decatur, 
traveling  salesman  for  Morehouse .Wells  &  Co     wholesa le  ha rd  ^.^  mh 

111.;  J.  Harry,  born  m»m«* Sn Upper  Allen  Township,  daughter  of  Jacob  and 
33,  1879.  to  Miss  Sarah  A  Ebeily.  born  in  l      u   .vm  i      has' had  two  children, 

Mary(Hertzler)  Eberly,  (he.  J- Harry,  is  at  ado    of  5. Uch   n  >c».  M     har 

one  now  living;  HattieMaude  II  uisU  .Ida ,  wh,; ^,  4  Wells  &  Co.,  and  who  married 
ware   merchant,    junior  part         "6™     [  Moreh  ou  e.    v  e 

Miss  Bella  Shockley,  and  .lesdes  at  Deca tu 1         ..  0ur  gub 

Robert  T.,  born  in  Mechanicsbuig.  Penn.,  di ^»J  l     *  *»e  p  -    d  a  member  of  the 

a  member  of  Humane  Lodge.  34 I.  0.0  Joid*  ^^^  commandery,  and  a  member 
American  Mechanics   i^ndKiglits^th^  ^  ^  ^  g  representative  businessman. 

and?tatdfhighPin  fhe  estimation  of  all  who  know  him. 


BOROUGH  OF  MECB  LNICSBURG.  I  IT 

JACOB  HURST  (originally  spelled  Horah),  drj  good  merchant,  Mechanicsburg,  is  a 
native  of  York  County,  renn.,  born  al  Dillsburg  August  18,1883,  son  ol  Jacob  B  and 
Busan  (Herchfeldl  l  Hurst,  former  of  whom  born  near  Dillsburg  Fork  Co  Penn.,  January 
7.  1808,  was  a  son  of  John  (who  was  a  farmer)  and  Catharine  (Cocklin)  Hurst,  who  were 
nts  ol  tour  sons  and  three  daughtei  h  bo  livi  d  to  be  men  and  women.  Jacob  B 
ed  on  a  farm  until  he  was  fifteen,  when  he  began  to  learn  the  tailor's  trade  with 
William  Gilbethorp;  four  years  later  lie  wenl  to  Harrisburg  and  Philadelphia,  and  after 
working  at  bis  trade  a  number  of  years  returned  to  1  lillsburg  and  opened  a  tailor  shop  on 

Lis  own  account  in  1881.     He  afterward  (in  1855)  opened  a  general  st and  in  the  spring 

of  1866  came  to  Mechanicsburg  and  established  the  dry  g I-  bouse  of  J.  B.  Hurst  &  Son. 

He  was    a    director   of   the  First    National    Hank    and    a    man  of  high    honor    and   Sterling 

worth.  He  and  bis  wife  were  earnest  Christians  and  members  of  the  Presbyterian  Church, 
in  which  lie  w  as  elder  for  a  number  of  years.    Jacob  B.  Hurst  stood  high  in  the  estima 

tion  of  all  as  an  upright,  honest  Christian  gentleman.  I  le  departed  this  fife  Novembei  18, 
1875;  hi-  widow  is  living  in  Mechanicsburg,  This  couple  had  seven  children,  three  sons 
and  four  daughters:  Edwin  \V..  a  merchant  tailor  of  Mechanicsburg;  Jacob,  our  subject; 
Lydia  B.,  wife  of  William  A  Spahr,  a  stock-dealer,  residing  in  Harrisburg;  Mary  Iv. 
wife  of  William  I!  Nelson,  resides  on  a  farm  near,  Dillsburg,  Penn.;  Templeton  1?.,  of 
Bast  Saginaw,  Mich,,  an  ex-soldier  from  Company  II  Seventh  Regiment  Pennsylvania 
Reserves;  Kate  M  .  wile  of  Robert  B.  Mateer,  a  hard  wan'  merchant  of  Harrisburg,  Penn.  j 
Melizena  M  wife  of  George  W.  Hackett,  a  hardware  merchant  id'  Sunbury,  renn.  The 
suhjcct  of  our  ski  t.di  attended  school  until  he  was  fifteen,  then  assisted  his  father  in  the 
merchant  tailoring  and  general  store  at  Dillsburg  until  the  fall  of  1865,  when  he  came 
with  his  father  lo  Mechanicsburg  and  formed  a  partnership  with  him,  under  the  firm  name 
ol  .1.  1>,  Hurst  A  Son.  Three  months  after  his  father's  death  he  purchased  the  entire  stock 

and  has  since  conducted  the  business  alone;  la-  now  carries  a  full  line  of  dry  goods  and 
noii, mi-,  carpets,   etc.,   valued  at  $17,000.     September  5,   1872,   Mr.   Hurst  married  Julia 

Mini  in  Carlisle,  Penn  .   daughter  of  1! rt   and  Sarah  iShoek)  Wilson.     To  Mr. 

and  .Mis.  Hurst  have  been  born  two  children:  Wilson  and  Corliss.     Mrs.  Hurst  is  a  mem- 
be  Lutheran  Church     Our  subject  is  one  of  the  leading  business  men  of  Cumber- 
land County,  and  stands  high  in  the  estimation  of  all  as  an  upright  business  man.     The 
family  is  of  German  descent,  ami  is  one  of  the  oldest  in  Pennsylvania. 

E.  RANKIN  HUSTON,  the  leading  painter  of  the  eastern  portion  of  Cumberland 
County,  is  a  son  of  William  Huston,  who  was  a  most  excellent  farmer  and  worthy  cat  i/.en, 
and  on  bis  mother's  side  a  direct  descendant  of  the  historic  Enders  family  of  Dauphin 
County.  Samuel  Huston,  the  paternal  great-grandfather,  emigrated  from  Scotland  in  the 
early  part  of  the  eighteenth  century;  was  a  farmer  and  settled  in  what  was  then  East 
Pennsborough  Township,  but  which  is  now  included  in  the  township  of  Silver  Spring.  The 
tract  of  land  on  which  the  original  house  was  built  has  been  known  since  as  the  Huston 
homestead,  and  occupies  a  pleasant  site  some  three  mill's  north  of  the  village  of  Hoges 
town.  His  maternal  great-grandmother  was  Isabella  Sharon.  Samuel  Huston  died  in 
1800,  and  his  widow.  Isabella,  in  1804.  Both  are  buried  in  the  Pine  Hill  burying-ground. 
They  had  two  sons:  John  and  Jonathan.  His  paternal  grandfather  was  Jonathan  Hus- 
ton, a  farmer,  whose  wife  was  Margaret  Rankin  Mc  lntire.  a  native  of   Ireland.      They  had 

eleven  children:  Rebecca  Eckels,  John.  John.  Samuel,  Samuel,  Isabella.  Isabcll  (Shafer- 
Kingi.  \\  illiam,  Jane  (.'.  Talbert,  Marv  Swiler  and  Margaret  Eckels.  The  father  of  this 
family  died  November  10,  1830,  aged  seventy  years,  and  the  mother,  August  24,  1846,  a  ;ed 
seventy-six  years,  and  both  are  buried  at  Silver  Spring.  William  Huston,  the  father  of 
our  subject,  was  bom  on  the  old  homestead,  on  ihc  original  settlement,  December  19, 
1799  lb' -pel'  bis  youth  on  the  farm;  learned  the  carpenter's  trade,  and  for  a  number 
of  year-  enjoyed  quite  a  reputation  as  a  bridge  builder  iii  the  western  part  of  this  Slate. 
March  29,  1838,  he  married  Mary  Ann.  daughter  of  Peter  and  Catherine  Phillips,  nee  En- 
ders. William  Huston  was  not  only  a  model  farmer  and  ingenious  mechanic,  but  a  gen- 
tleman of  sterling  character  and  great  physical  endurance.  He  was  a  descendant  of  I  bat 
class  of  Scotch-Irish  settlers  who  came  into  the  Cumberland  Valley  from  the  eastward, 

and   who  ry»  here  the  unmistakeaMe  c\  idence  of  thrift  and  enterprise.      Per- 

haps to  them  more  than  any  other  class  this  portion  of  the  Cumberland  Valley  owes  its  su- 
periority, its  tine  aense  ol  right  and  high  standard  of  moral  excellence.  He  died  April  29, 
1883,  and  bis  remains  repose  by  the  side  of  his  parents,  in  Silver  Spring.  Mary  A.,  his 
wife,  was  born  September  -J'.'.  1*17.  She  was  a  member  of  Trindle  Spring  Lutheran 
Church,  and  her  lit,  bore  the  testimony  of  the  sincerity  or  her  profession.  Gifted  by  na- 
ture with  qualites  which  were  rare  and  desirable,  she  was  appreciated  by  al)  who  knew 
her.  she  was  amiable  and  kind,  and  in  the  consistency  of  her  life  an  ornament  to  Chris- 
tianity. Sin-  died  c  tctober  7.  1881,  and  was  buried  at  Silver  Spring.  They  had  one  daugh- 
ter, who  died  in  infancy,  and  one  son.  E.  Rankin  Huston,  who  was  born  September  38, 
1848,  at  the  old  home-iead.  and  -pint  hi-  earlier  yeara  on  a  small  farm,  one-half  mile 
north  of  Mechanicsburg.  During  the  winter  season'  be  attended  the  public  school  of  the 
district  until  he  had  mastered  all  the  branches  embraced  in  it-  curriculum.  He  subse- 
quently entered  the  Pennsylvania  College  of  Trade  and  Finance,  from  which  he  gradual- 


418  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

ed  in  the  class  of  1867.     Afterward  he  gave  himself  up  to  the  study  of  painting  and  dee- 

Chapter   N     209.  R.  A.  M„  of  Mechanicsburg;  St.  John's  Commandery  .No.  8.  K. T  .  of 
V,     ,"  ,      t,„  "    r,  h    r>    a    phnntpr  of  Pennsvlvan  a;  Mechanicsburg  Lodge,  No.  215,  1.  U. 

Peier  Phillips    his  .grandfather,  was  born  in  Cumberland  County  May  8, 1<H1.     m™ 

SSStoti    Afu-r  comptottat  Hi.  .auoMlo; ,  he  ™»-rt  . » ;o,L.W  -J 

ice  of  his  sovereign,  and  participated  in  numerous  battles  ot  the  sev  n  j  e.us  war.  roi 
gTllantry  ad  other  soldierly  qualities  he  was  promoted  to  a  captaincy  in  the  nij  al  cavalry 
S™gyned  his  commission,  and  on  May  13,  1764.  earned  A^a  a  daugh ter  of  Comd 
n„,n,n  ",,ut  a  few  months  later  came  to  America.  His  first  settlement  was  in  i  Ilu<lut- 
nhlk  in  li  er  he  moved  to  Lancaster  County.  In  1788  he  purchased  a  tract  of  over  1  300 
u ,  ;  ha  Upper  Paxton  Dauphin  County,  and  moved  there  with  his  farm 1, .where lie  con- 
aciLsiu>ji-i  .  i  February  26   1810.     Anna,  his  wife,  died  in  179b.     hie 

was  in  manT  X  c  en  arable  ma,"  and  has  left  his  mark  on  the  subsequent  history 

Wf  I)  m  in  County  He  was  the  founder  of  Fetterhoff  's  Church,  erected  the  first  saw- 
mill i?n  the  vibev  organized  and  taught  the  first  school  in  that  section  of  country  and 
was  e leadi  • -spirit  in  all  public  enterprises.  It  is  thus  seen  the  family  of  which  E. 
Sank  is  ton  i  '  rep  resentative,  is  one  of  the  original  and  leading  families  of  this  part 
nf   h,   St'  le        d  close  y  ideal  Hied  with  all  movement  of  its  general  prosperity.  _ 

LYMES  S  HUSTON  inventor,  farmer  and  manufacturer,  Mechanicsburg,  is  a  great- 
erandson of  Samuel  Huston,  who  was  born  in  Ireland,  and  came  to  America  when  a  young 
man  s U  n-  n  Pennsylvania,  where  he  married.  His  son,  Samuel,  born  in  Cumberland 
Ponntv  Pent  in  1776  married  Miss  Nancy  Clendenin,  and  had  five  sons.  Samuel. 
Rnw'  W  I  John  and  James  (twins).  Tiiey  were  members  of  the  old  Presbyterian 
Church  a  S  he  'S  ■■  Of  their  children  James  was  born  in  Silver  Spring  Township 
Ss  c,mn,lyh  tcaml  a  termer,  and  in  the  course  of  time  ^M,,!  toy  8  ax  on  who 
bore  him  four  children— three  sons  and  one  daughter:  John.  Sarah,  Samuel  J),  ana  .James 
S  T  sul  i  •  ct  f  our  sketch,  who  is  the  youngest,  was  but  two  years  old  when  his  father 
died  he  t lien  wen  o  ive  with  his  uncle.  Villfam  Saxton.  and  remained  with  him  work 
int  mi  he  far  m  and  attending  school  until  he  was  sixteen,  when  he  was  apprenticed^  the 
harmss  n  akin"  i  a  e  at  New  Kingston,  this  county,  for  three  years:  thence  went  to ,  Hoges- 
town    bu    • if    t  one  year  returned  to  New  Kingstown,  and  two  years  later  moved  to  \\  008- 

°f  HLE?in'KluFFMirSaeceased    (see    portrait).       Prominent    among    the     honored 


BOROi'iiii   01  MECHANICSBURG.  119 

identified  with  the  history  of  Pennsylvania.  Christian  Cauffman,  his  great-grand- 
father, immigrated  to  America  from  German;  about  1780,  and  settled  in  uanor 
Townshi]  Co  .  Penn.,  where  he  died  March  1.  1799.     Be  was  married  to  Bar- 

bara  Bear,  whose  death  occurred  Januan    12,  1801.    They  had  six  children,  of  whom 

Isaac,  the  Becond  bod  and  grandfather  of  the  aubjecl  of  this  sketch,  was  born  in  M; r 

Township,  Lancaster  Co.,  Penn.,  in  1763,  and  died  January  I.  1826.  In  the  year  I7.su  lie  mar- 
uarine  Baughman,  who  died  July  9,  1833.  Their  youngest  son,  the  Hon  Andrew 
[,  Cauffman,  father  of  Levi  Cauffman,  was  born  August  '.'4,  1802,  at  the  old  homestead  in 
Manor  Township,  Lancaster  County,  and  spent  the  greater  purl  of  his  life  in  that  town 
ship.  He  represented  Lancaster  County  in  the  House  of  Representatives  in  the  State 
Legislature,  and  was  closely  associated  with  Hon.  Thaddeus  Stevens  and  Hon.  Thomas 

II.  Burrow-.,  in  tin:  establishment  of  oar  justly  prized  common  scl 1  Bystem.     In  1850  ho 

became  a  resident  of  Cumberland  County,  and  in  !*">•>  removed  to  Mechanicsburg,  where 
he  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits,  and  continued  therein  until  his  death,  which  occurred 
December  14,  1861.  Am  hew  1.  Cauffman  was  married,  March  21,  tsj."i,  to  Catharine  Shu 
man.  who  "as  born  July  16,  1806,  and  was  the  only  daughter  of  Christian  Shuman,  of 
Manor  ["ownship,  Lancaster  Co.,  Penn.    She  died  at  Mechanicsburg  May  18,  1875. 

Levi  Cauffman,  their  fourth  Bon,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was  born  at  Little  Wash- 
ington, Lancaster  Co.,  Penn.,  September  18,  \*->i     At  the  age  of  thirteen  he  left  home 

and  entered  the  drug  store  of  Dr.  George  ROSS,  at  F.lizabethtown.  as  an  apprentice.  At 
the  end  of  four  years  he  received,  from  Dr.  Ross,  a  strong  testimonial  of  his  ability  as  a 
druggist,  for  aptness,  intelligence  ami  integrity  of  character.  Mr.  Cauffman  remained  in 
the  drug  business  in  Elizabetntown  until  April,  1854,  when  he  removed  to  Mechanicsburg, 
and  opened  a  new  drug  store  in  that  place,  A  year  or  two  later,  in  connect  i,  m  wit  h  his 
father,  Hon.  Andrew  1,  Cauffman  and  Henry  G.  Hupp,  he  entered  the  hardware  bus- 
iness, connecting  the  drug  store  therewith,  and  continued  therein  until  1859,  when  be 
accepted  the  position  of  cashier  in  the  banking  house  of  Merkel,  Mumma  A  Co..  subse- 
quently Chartered  as  the  First  National  Hank,  of  Mechanicsburg,  Penn.  This  position  he 
resigned  in  1862,  when  he  was  appointed  by  President  Lincoln  collector  of  internal  rev- 
enue lor  the  Fifteenth  District  of  Pennsylvania,  comprising  the  counties  of  Cumberland, 
York  and  Perry.  He  held  that  position  until  September,  186(5,  when  he  resigned  rather 
than  endorse  the  odious  policy,  known  as  "My  Policy,"of  President  Johnson.  His  letter 
of  resignation,  published  in  the  Philadelphia  Press  of  that  date,  gave  clear  evidence  of  his 
Sterling  patriotism.  Early  in  1864  Mr.  Cauffman  assisted  in  organizing  and  became  cash- 
ier of  the  Second  National  Bank  of  Mechanicsburg,  and  held  that  position  until  he 
I  in  the  latter  part  of  1869.  The  Btatt  Quara,  a  daily  newspaper,  started  at  the 
Stati- capital  during  1867,  was  a  project  of  Mr.  Cauffman.  and  one  in  which  he  invested 
mm  ol  money;  not  proving  a  financial  success  he  abandoned  its  publication  in 
1869  From  1870  until  the  timeof  bisdeath,  which  occurred  February  10,  IMS'.',  Mr.  Cauff- 
man was  engaged  ill  the  tire  insurance  business,  having  the  State  central  agency  ol  sev- 
eral large  companies,  hi-  principal  office  being  at  Harnsburg,  Penn.  Mr.  Cauffman  never 
hesitated  to  perform  any  duty  imposed  upon  him  by  his  fellow  citizens,  his  church  or 
society.     As  burgess,  town  councilman,  school  director,  and  member  of  the  board  of 

trustees  Of  Irving  Female  College,  be   was  always  on   hand   to  take  his  full  share  of  work 

and  res| Bibility.     lie  was  noted  for  his  public  spirit  and  local  pride  in  the  town  of  his 

adoption,  and  many  of  the  public  and  private  improvements  erected  in  Mechanicsburg 
were  due  to  hi-  foresight  and  energy.  He  was  liberal  to  a  fault.  For  more  than  thirty 
was  a  member  of  the  Church  of  God,  and  faithfully  filled  the  offices  of  superin- 
tendent of  the  Sabbath  school,  deacon  and  elder.  He  frequently  represented  his  church 
in  the  annual  eldership  of  cast  Pennsylvania,  and  on  several  occasions  was  a  lay  dele- 
he  triennial  sessions  of  the  general  eldership  of  the  church.  Mr.  Cauffman  was 
a  man  of  strong  will,  great  energy,  dauntless  courage,  inflexible  in  the  right,  and  afraid  of 

nothing  but  of  being  wrong,      Fond  of  the  -ports  of   his  children,  as  they  were  of  playing 

and  being  with  him.  While  abounding  in  anecdote,  jovial  at  table,  with  pleasant  voice, 
it  was  in  harmony  with  the  nature  and  power  of  Mr.  Cauffman,  who  was  a  hero  in  action  in 
everj  condition  of  life,  and  possessed  of  a  will  and  energy  that  fitted  him  to  be  a  leader  in 

every  party  to  Which  be  belonged.      Politically  Mr.  Cauffman.  like  tl Unas  in  cm  hers  of 

his  family,  was  a  Republican,  and  assisted  in  the  organization  of  that  party  in  Pennsylva- 
nia. He  took  a  keen  interest  and  active  part  in  the  primary  and  general  elections,  fre- 
quently participating  as  a  delegate  in  the  party  conventions.  In  1864  he  was  a  deli 
the  National  Republican  Convention  at  Baltimore,  and  assisted  in  the  nomination  of  Lin- 
coln and  Johnson.  His  eldest  brother,  Hon.  C.  S.  Cauffman,  of  Columbia,  Penn.,  rep- 
resented Lancaster  County  in  the  State  Senate  fr 1878  to  188'.'.  Lieut.  Isaac  I!  Cauff- 
man, his  sct l  brother,  served  faithfully  in  the  war  of  the  Rebellion  in  the  Ninth  Reg- 
iment of  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Cavalry,  and  died  June  7.  1862,  from  disease  contracted 
in  tic  service  Hi- brother,  Andrew  . I.  Cauffman,  Esq.,  amember  of  tin- bar  of  Lancas- 
ter County,   wa-  appointed,  by  President  Arthur  in   18*-.',  collector  of   internal  revenue  for 

the  Ninth  District  of  Pennsylvania. 

Mr.  Cauffman  was  married,  February  5,  1 856,  to  A.  Elizabeth  Coover,  daughter  of  the 


420  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

late  John  Coover,  Esq.,  of  Mechanicsburg.     (See  page  407.)    Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kauffmanhad 


five  children,  two  of  whom-Harvey  and  Willie-died  in  infancy.  Their  eldest  son.  Per- 
cival  C,  was  born  in  Mechanicsburg  August  13,  1857.  He  is  a  graduate  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania  at  Philadelphia,  studied  law  in  the  office  of  Hon.  Wayne  MacVeagh; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  June,  1879,  and  is  now  the  junior  member  of  the  firm  of  I  rout- 
man  &  Kauffman,  attorneys  at  law,  at  Hazleton,  Luzerne  Co.,  Penn.,  representing,  as 
counsel,  many  of  the  largest  individual  coal  operators  and  companies  in  the  ant hiacite 


company  at  Youngstown,  Ohio.  Miss  Edith  B.  kauffman  their  only  daughter,  resides 
with  her  mother.  It  their  residence  on  West  Main  Street.  This  family  ranks  among  the 
first  families  in  the  county.  ,       .     .     .         ,.       , 

COL  DAVID  H  KIMMEL.  proprietor  of  restaurant  and  private  boarding  house, 
Mechanicsburg,  is  one  of  the  pioneer  children  of  Cumberland  County  and  is  a  represen- 
tative of  one  of  its  oldest  families.     His  grandfather _  Valentine  Kimmel,  born  in^Lan- 

nn. 
>nd 

son  and  seventh  child  in  the  family  of  two  sons  and  seven  daughters,  of  George  and  Mary 
(Swiler)  Kimmel.  natives  of  this  county,  members  of  the   Church  of  God,  in  which  the 
former  was  an  elder  and  a  deacon  for  forty-live  years,  he  was  a  farmer  by  occupation. 
Our  subject  attended  school  winters  and  worked  on  his  fathers  farm  until  he  was  seven- 
teen  when  he  came  to  Mechanicsburg,  and  learned  the  tinner  s  trade  with  George  Bobb 
and  Robert  Wilson.     He  worked  at  the  trade  seven  years,  then  formed  a  partnership  in 
the  boot  and  shoe  business  with  D.  A.  Holmes  under  firm  name  of  kimmel  &  Holmes, 
for  three  years;  then  engaged  at  the  tinner's  trade  until  the  breaking  out  of  the  Rebellion 
when  he  was  one  of  the  first  to  shoulder  a  musket  and  enlist  his  services  in  defense  of 
his  country-     He  raised  Company  H,  Sixteenth  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry,  com- 
manded by  Col.  Ziegle.  the  first  company  organized  for  three  years   service  in  the  State 
of  Pennsylvania      He  was  mustered  out.  by  an  order  from  the  War  Department,  for  the 
purpose  of  raising  Company  H,  of  the  Ninth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry  and  was  elected  cap- 
tain and  subsequently  major,  then  lieutenant-colonel,  and  latterly  colonel,  remaining  until 
close  of  the  war,  his  regiment  being  one  of  the  last  mustered  out.     He  was  in  104  bat- 
tles   besides  skirmishes;    was  with  Sherman  in  his   celebrated  march  to  the  sea.     Col. 
Kimmel   and   his   regiment  composed  of  Cumberland.    Dauphin,    Perry.  Lancaster   and 
Schuykill  County  boys,  made  one  of  the  grandest  charges  on  record     This  was  at  the 
battle  of  Reedyville,'  Tenn.,  September  6,  1864,  when  they  charged  Gen.  Debarell,  who 
had  1.800  men  and  Col.  Kimmel  240.     The  Colonel  charged  the  General  eight  miles,  pass- 
ing   clear    through    the    enemy's    lines,    capturing  400    horses   and   200    men;    of    the 
Confederates    there    were    33  killed    and   wounded,    while    the    loss    in  the    Colonels 
regiment  was  but   7  killed  and  wounded.     A   few  days  afterward   Gen.    DebaieU   sent 
Col.  Kimmel  word  if  he  would  meet  him  on  an  open  field  he  thought  that  he  (Debarell) 
and  his  1,800  men  could  whip  the  Colonel  and  his  regiment.     The  Colonel  sent  back  word 
that  he  and  his  boys  would  meet  him  anywhere,  and  for  him  to  appoint  a  place  and  date. 
(The  Colonel's  regiment  rode  gray  horses,  and  was  known  as  the     Gray  Horse    )    SUange 
as  it  may  seem,  the  Colonel,  though  a  large  man,  weighing  200  pounds,  never  received  a 
wound,  though  he  had  a  horse  killed  under  him  at  Raleigh,  N.  C     when  charging  John- 
ston's rear.     Of  the  original  company  of  106  men  raised  in  Cumberland  (  ounty    three- 
fourths  were  killed.     The  Colonel  has  complimentary  letters  from  Gen.  V,    H.  Sherman 
Gen    Stanley,  Gen.  Kilpatrick,  Gen.  Gordon  Granger.  Gen.  Jackson   and  others      At  the 
close  of  the  war  our  subject  returned  to  Mechanicsburg  and  formed  a  partnership  with 
George  Bobb.  under  firm  name  of  Bobb  &  Kimmel,  and  engaged  in  the  hardware  business 
for  three  years-  then  opened  his  present  hotel  and  restaurant.     November  2b,  lHoj,  ne 
marrtedMfeKkte  Hoover,  a  native  of  Mechanicsburg.  Penn..  daughter  of  John  and  Mary 
?Ma tin)  Hoover,  old  settlers  of  Cumberland  County.     To  this  union  have  been  born  the 
following  named  children;  Frank  EL.  born  March  3   1859.  a  traveling  salesman  for  lo    ell 
&Co     wholesale  grocers.  Harrisburg,  married  to  Miss  Mary  Welzel,  of  Carlisle    Minnie 
E.,  residing  a,  home  with  her  parents;  John  G    born  March  3,  1868.  assists  his  father  in 
business-    Sarah    15      residing  at  home.     The  Colonel  is  a   member  of   Col.  H.  1.  L  nn 
Post   No  415  G  A   R.     He  has  in  his  possession  a  Confederate  flag,  captured  at  the  battle 
of  Milledgeville,  Ga.     In  his  charge  there  he  captured  thirty-four  guidons  oi 'smaUflagS. 
The  colonel  stands  high  in  the  estimation  of  all,  as  a  brave  soldier,  honest  business  man, 

and  foNAS  KOLLER  farmer,  P.  0,  Mechanicsburg.  was  born  in  Shrewsbury  Township, 
YorkCo  Pen..  Novem™  15.  1831,  a  son  of  Jacob  and  Elizabeth  (Miller)  Roller,  also 
natives  of  York  County,  the  former  of  whom,  a  mill-wright  and  farmer  by  occupation, 
died  at  the  age  of  seventy-seven  years  and  seven  months,  and  the  latter  when  aged  seven- 
ty one  years'    They  were  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church.     They  had  five  sons  and 


BOROUGH   OF   MECHANICSBURG.  |-j| 

tour  daughters     Jacob  Koller  had  been  previously  married  to  a  M,  ■  Peterman   bv  whom 

"lli  !» as  and  two  daughters.    Jonas  Koller.  the  subjecl  of  this  sketch 

younges    son  and  eighth  child  by  th nd  marriage,  and  was  but  thirteen  yearl  old 

■.'""  hh,s  P^"18  '■■■'"'■:  h> ; Cumberland  County  and  fettled  near  Oysters  Point  i      East 

',';  '"•"R    [n^48tb  |        heir  farm  near  Sbepherdstown  inl    a 

in  «  here  Jonas  attended  school  during  the  winters  and  worked  at       , 
"'"' '-V  "  '  ,":lk'"-,"""1  "■  carriage  wfth  Miss  Catherine  Bingaman Marc§ 

V    ,       s"'."^  I,V'"  '"  laepherdatoi -  county,  October  36   1831    I  daughter of 

Charles  and [Susan  (Keeper)  Bingaman  .      Lancaster  County   Penn    whosettled 

In  Shepherdstown   soon  after  their  marriage.      They  were  n,,-,,,!,; ere  a  '    i„      v f    , 

Chmvi,.  ,„  1  had  six  daughters  who  grew  up     C JesB nan  who wait  conSr 

"T/i    /    .  T-  '!'"'!"  l876'^d  '    ^ars      \1  ter  his  manage   M     .  • 

fettled  al  KoUerstown  one-hall   mile  south  of  Mechanicsburg,  where  he  and  his  fathw 

"""  'I''  ,M  "'  two  houses  and  the  town  was  named  for  them  In  s  ,  ,  s,  ■ 
moved  ohis  present  arm  of  fifty-five  acres  in  the  eastern  part  of  Mechan  csbure  whlre 
hehasa  beautiful  residence.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Roller  have  lud  five  children  four  nowliv- 
tag.  James  B  .  Mary  11..  Jacob  H.  and  W  illiam  M.  The  boys  emprise  the  firm  of  .1  B 
Roll,-  &  (  o  propnetorso  the  Cumberland  Valley  Spoke  Bending,  and  Wheel  Works' 
Mrs.  Jonas  Kofler  is  amembi  r  of  the  Lutheran  Churtlh.     Mr.  Collir  became.  Mason  in 

CaVflsle  "  lb     nMn'  ^'I'T  MP^  »"»««*«  °?  St  John's  CommaXy.Naa 
i  arnsii      He  and  his  family  Btand  high  m  the  estimation  of  all.    The  familvare  of  <:,-■■ 

YoACoSft    Pennsvffi  PS?  ^randfat1h«  ha™«  com  from  Germany  aKttfedTn 

iorK  i_oudi\,   reniN\  l\  ;mi;i,  ;it  :i  vrr\'  e;irlv  (.late 

MnlV;'^!;!!..,\|KVSKK|,'n'l'ri,',<>"  '"'  "  K'wr's  ('itv  ***•*»"  new-corner  Main  and 
1  n  1  '  „n  ,        ?„a^nCSM»-g,Q i'  n'l' V'V""- ''  of  one  of  the  oldest  families  of  Cumber- 

»na^ounty;  was  born  on  Main  Street,  Mechanicsburg,  Penn.,  Mai   12,  1847  son  of  John 

b  -ie:: ;:;  i  :il\'":r  v'sr^  John  Foser-  b°™  in  Mecha/icsbWg,  iv,,.,  ,,»• 

bUtchei    bj   trade       At   the  break.n-  out  of  the  Kehellion.  he  was  one  of  the  first  to  sh  ml 

der  a  musket  m  the  defense  of  bis  country,  enlisting  in  .he  spring  o     1861  in  Cant         - 
mer-s  company  ol  infantry  for  three  m ,s;  returned  lion,,:  and  re  enl°stedP  as  ser- 

gea ,  t   of   Company  (.  Ninth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  and  was  an,,,,,,,  the  killed  or  „        i     , 

e  ,,  re  '  '\|';  ,,  Ir'hH",',ir;  r"""-  T  'I';'  S"mm,-r  "f  IS,!:!-  Heand  his  Wife  had  four 
f  ,  •„        ,        ""'  "n,v  Hl"   and  eldcsl  iD   the  family,  was  but   fifteen   when  his 

n    y'valn      i'l l  w1! ;!'  ^fm^  T  be«nli.8ted  ">  Oompfi,  A.  Twentieth  Pen nsylv^ 
•  ■,'  I        I  .'ti    ,' ,     .i     I  '"'""      :""'  Claimed  '"'  was  ''^"i"""-  Passed  and  was  pro- 

"'  ,(  ""  P°jal,  tbence  to  commissary  sergeant,  and  remained  with  this  company  six 
months;  re  enlisting,  he  served  to  the  eloseof  the  war.  War  reports  as  follows  ••"ivnte 
CotnpanyC,  Twentieth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  One  Hundred  a  ,d  Eiffhtv-fi  si',,,  ,  dvn 
...a  o  ,,,,,,, ;  enlisted  second  lieutenant  January  2s.  ,slil:  e,di 'ted lu'^e^e  ,!  ' ™n 
v..  rs   ,,,,, ,81  en   ,|  to  Company  A.  promoted  to  corporal  andeommissarv -ser-eant      Service 

at    v  wu.ark,  t,   \  a     Ma     15;  Harnsonbtirg.  June  4;  Piedmont,  June  5;  Buffalo  (Jap    June 

•V- ■!,.'"  '  |  ■'■'.;  \:  l^'"'  l6=Berryvi"e.  August  21.  September  3  and  4:  Smithtield  AiiMst 
"•^^  Winchester  September  19;  Fisher's  Hill,  September  22;  Luray  ValevgeD. 
tember  24  Brown  Gap,  September  26;  Waynesboro,  October  2;  Tom's  Brook  October^} 

and  9:  Cedar  <  reek,  October  19;  Nineveh.  November  12;  Ii Is  Hill    November  22   Som- 

erset,   December  21 ;   (Jordonsville.    December    j::     .lack's   Shop     I),   ■■ ,, •■':     \V,    n^ 

boro  February 28,  ism  White  House,  March  37;  Stony  (Sk,  March  3of  binwfddie 
Court  Hou.e.  MarchSl;  Hatcher's  Run,  March31;  Five  Forks  Loril  I  s,„,  h  s  ,t  i 
road  ,,r,l  ,  and  8;  White  Oak  Road,  April  4  and  5;  Barper's Tiarm  April  6  ImeHa 
Court  douse,  Apr.16;  Sadors  Creek.  April?;  Ap, ,„„  s'.ati,,,,.  LprilTAppo4?ttox 

Court  is'.    Apr,]   9.      Mustered    Out,   June    10,   186").      Had    two    horse,   d,,,l    under    him 

iCaV'-;  e",.'1;,  ',;'v'"'''f  ^■;i""!7-  Va    and  t ther  had  mosl  othis^eck  sh™ 

esM-bii  ,,  ii  ]  \\  A'  ,h'r"1Vr1'«»  the  war.  July  1.  1865.  he  returned  home  and 
1868  to  Mi  ;      ,     ;'"n4     Mr  K"-'Vvas  married  ■'"  Mechanicsburg,  in  December 

t„r  V  '    MarWey.  who  was  born  at  Shiremanstown    this  countv  dauirh 

ter  of  Henry  and  Susan  Raudenbaugh)  Markley.  natives,  respectively  of  Cumberland  md 
^T'  l'""'1       Mr    :""'   ""•  Kosir  haveon,.da,„d,.e, -     C, -,,,     '     ,         ni     „ 

',  !;;:;,,77i  "c."'""!"  r',;i:,J;>")V',,e";li"«-h0"1  :"  Mechanicsburg     Mrs.'  &is 

ZinnT's    No     1  '  R    m     ,    °-Ur 8ubJeclL »  « Junior  vice-commai r  of  Col.  H.I. 

^inn  ost,  JNo.  Hi.  G.  A.  R.,  Mechanicsburg.  He  has  held  various  local  offices  ol  trust- 
was  elected  city  councilman  by  the  peopleof  his  ward  for  three  vears  |  i  ,"t 
a  Republican.    His  people  are  of  German  descent.                                            pontics  lie  is 


422  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

JOSEPH  LEAS,  justice  of  the  peace,  1*^^  %$X&  J™ 
in  Greenwood  Township,  Perry  Co.,  ^"-^XrV  1759  was  twice  married;  on  first 
(Mathews)  Leas  Benjamin  Leas  born  October  ^  •  children,  seven  sons  and 
occasion  to  Miss  Susannah  Bowers  by  whom  he  h ..    u .       ^  and  he 

three  daughters  living  to  be  men  and  won""*-      Ls hist     ^  children-two  sons  and 

then  married  Mrs.   Jane  J  Mathews)  Pui ce      wh    b« .it  *  c       p  Jo8eph,  our 

one  daughter:  George  who  resides  in ,bh> '^  >»-  H  ™\  £  in  Greenwood  Township, 
subject,  and  Susannah,  widow  of  Da nu  E 1.  nwn.  ^  "  "ft  Ja  his  second  wife,  died 
Perry  Co.,  Penn.     Benjamin  Leas  died  F el      a  >  -l.n ^  i.  lg38      Jn 

February  25,  1857.  Joseph  Leas  ^^^""^"t'tbeii  folloUlsame  occupa- 
1841  he  clerked  in  Frankstown,  Blair  Co     P.  t m  .  oncjt   .,  y        Hi„    Cumberiand 

tion  at  Dillsbuvg,  York  Coun ty  wo  ye ars  *^£  Jgg  *  ,.am,  to  Mechanicsburg 
County,  returning  in  1845  to  DUlsb  uig.  at mi"  - 1 '  g  4  M     Leag  was  eiected 

and  clerked  for  his  brother,  ^ merchant  and  postmaster     i  ^  elected 

justice  of  the  peace,  and  has  f'  "V,  ever  since  except  one  year  (1879).  He  is  presi- 
borough  treasurer,  and  has  held  the  olb  i  ^^  ,slHin(li,  .dil,,ct0Jr  in  the  Second  Nat.ona 
dent  of  the  Mechanicsburg  Gas  &  Wate  Company  and  ,    a  ^  q  _ 

Bank.     He  was  married,  in  185o,  to  Miss  ^ai        .  h      father.    Mr. 

who  died,  leaving  one  daughter.  Laura  «■•  ^^X^J  "daughter  of  Henry  and 
Leas  married  Miss  Emmaline  H.  Gould,  a  native  ot    |  m™     >  Q  (deceased  , 

Elizabeth  (Rice)  Gould,  and  to  this  union  were  born  Ui.ee  el u wit  •        .ftn  Church. 

Fannie  G.  and  Charles  W.     Mr  and  M^as are  membe« ^ot         ^ 
Our  subject  owns  a  house  on  No.th  Ma 'ka   ut  six  years  old  when  his  father  died    and 
other  property  in  Mechanicsburg^    He  was  bu t  six     t. n  ^  ^  ^  ^^  h 

early  started  to  earn  his  own  way  in  life      At  torn  ei n     .  u  wag  elected  a 

between  Hollidaysburg  and  Philade lhm.  Hi  bro  tht  i  H, ™p^  J ^  his  half.brother 
WSTwS  ^^^^i^oF^nSn  County,  Penn.     The  Leas  are  of 

^TeVi'h'lENHER,  physician  ^^§' ^V!^  £^7^^ 
near  Ephratah,  Lancaster  County   October  19  IS--,  son  ot  dauiJh\eVs.  who  lived 

her,  natives  of  Lancaster  County,  Penn., who  had  f<>      so n    mJ   *  |  Lenher  & 

to  be  men  and  women.     John  Lenher,  a  machinist,  w^mDei  locomotive  west  of 

Pennel,  Lancaster  Locomotive  and  Machine A\ orks,  and  bu.  t  t h  eldegt  son_ 

Philadelphia,  called  the  "Hugh  Keys.       Lev. H..  t  i     « to       t  Lancaster.     At  six- 

fourteen  years  of  age  entered  the  Franklin  ami  Maisl  M  A^lim^  (he  Pennsyl. 

teen  he  began  to  read  medicine  with  D.    . John  L A  let    ai      -,        j  ter  Co„  Pelm., 

vania  College,  Philadelphia,  in  1843.  He  ^n  locate ^1  Cnurchtown,  this  county, 
where  he  remained  "aUl  October,  ^wuihtmoeti  i  tQ  Belmonti 

where  he  resided  until  1872,  when  he  came  to  MechaBicsDurg  for  three 

Wright  Co.,  Iowa,  where  be  remained  three  >c:iis.  tht  n    on, ur  -,  ided.     The 

K  half  years;  when  he  returned  to  Mec-bamcsbma  and  1^         ;„  in  L         ^ 

SK^^^rn^^SSfe  Baa  sa 

Lenher  is  a  member  of  the  K.  P.  Lodge   ChurcWowr     the  I.  £  ©J^ 
He  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the ^P  t  sb)  te    ; it.   t -hurcn.  ^  ^ 

German  origin,  and  early  settlers  of  ^caster _V£U"„^nd  Christian  gentleman.     He  is  a 
the  ^tZ  ^a°c-§^or  AfflSSaS  the  Cumberland  County  Medi- 


member 


public  schools..  Dick.nson  Nsmu  ar y   (. . i.n 1.  .  1,  ..     t  .    ^  ^         ituti  amounting  in  all 

Academy-a  single  session  at  eae  i  of  W. «t  th u  na  w.Qt^  ^  attending  schoo  in 
to  about  one  year  of  academic  ^  "  '  <  '  '  caching,  and  at  twenty  he  began  the  study 
the  summer.     At  the  age  of  eighteen  lie  Ik,-  '      '       "^   h  at  Carlisle,  and  continued 

of  law  under  Col.  William  M/enrost.  thon  .ip  "  »|  »     n  l^\>  ,  ,u  he  rais,d  a  company  for 


BOROUGB    OP    MECHANICSBURG.  .}•_>;• 

pita!  'toward  ol Ithe  regiment,  then  to  Aral  lieutenant  of  Company  B,  am u  to  adjutanl 

a  assistant  adjutanl  genera]  of  brigade.     In  this  capacity  he    tv 

Mt«l  September  9,  1864,  when  the  regiment  was  mustered  out  al   «pira£ i    ,,s  ,, ! 

■'"■    He   was  engaged   in  Mi,  battles  of  Drains* Harrisonburg 

Cedar  Mountain, Gainesville,  Second  Hull  Rui il,  days),  Fredericksbura  Brandv  Station 

Aldie^Gettysburg(second  and  third  days),  Shepherdstown,  ,\v»  BopeClmrch  Todd's  Tav! 

V"'.  Um';     ',•''-'  n"'1""'""1  "''l-l"s  '■""'  WeaSow    l;'"1^"-  Haws  s  ,.,,,.  Cold  Harbor   Bar- 

skirmishes.    Col.  Lloyd  returned  home  to  Lisburn,  and  on  the  organization  of  the  State 

Guards,  under  Gen.  Bartranft,  was, i.,,,,1  inspector-general,  with  rank  of   ieutenan* 

colonel      Be  resumed  teaching  and  the  study  of  law  until  April  is.    865,  when  hi  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  ol  Cumberland  County.     Be  has  since  been  admitted  to  ,«    ir 
the,our,soi  Dau^m    WkandlVm  Counties,  the  supreme  court  of  Pennsylvania! and 
district  court  of  the  United  States.     September  16,  1866,  he  was  appointed  collector  of 
internal  revenue  for  the  Fifteenth  Congressional  District  of  Pennsylvania?  comprising  the 

l'","1lt"-"1    ";"-   '  ""fcjflMul  and  p«ry.     The  importanl  and  res] siMe  dutiiofthl 

ed  by  Collector  Lloyd  in  such  a  manner  as  to  win  the  un  ,  ,11,1,1      - 

the  General  Government,  and  was  made  the  subjecl  of  highly  commendatory 

remarks  by  Gen.  Cameron  in  the  Unit,-,!  states  .s.-uat.-.     1 [,-  ,vsbM,,ai  ,h,         ,, ,  , 

869,  to  accept  aposition  in  the  Dauphin  1>,  posil  Hank  Krrisburg? remaining 

nearh  fifteen  years,  andunti]  January.  1884,  when  he  quit  the  bank  and  went  to  wok™ 

1    Itechanicsburg.     A.  year  later,  regaining  his  health   which  had  suffered 

run,    ,,,„„„.„„„„  ,„  ,,      ,lank,  „       penpd   his  ,„,  ,;|W   „,„,.,.,.,,,  ,„„,..        ?885)     K 

oneoi  the  executorsand  trusteesoi  the  estate  of  the  late  Hon.  Henry  G.  Moser,  a  director 

ofHarnsburg  Bridge  Company,  and  of  tlu-  .M„l,a„i,si„„u-  &   Diisl.unr  Railroad  Com- 

P"n-V     ."'•  'i:,ls  '"■'•',  ''ominander  of  Col.  H.  I.  Zinn    Post,  So.  415,  Q     V    U     since  its  or- 

g*n^Uon,  March  1.  [884      Be  is  the  author  of  the  "History  of    he  First  Pennsylvanfa 

Reserve  Cavalry,    a  very  complete  w%rk.  giving  a  graphic  history  of  the  Xee  years* 

service  of  this  regiment  auring  the  late  Rebellion*,  etc.    Mr.  Lloy/was  married  May  23 

1865,  to  Miss   Anna  II     daughter  of  Israel  I,,  and  Mai-aivt  (Moser)  Hover    and    1,,-i,    fan  ' 

;,s,,|,uv;7,,iM,vnfU,irB...MarvK.an,nJ,,,r,,    I,      dolZloJd^aMaso'n" 

man     rv    \„    8 ,     ;!  ' ,  ■    r"i"",ll,!I^'"1  a  knight  Templar,  St.    John's   Com- 

.         ,       '    ,     '    s.  (  aihslr.      His  family   is   Welsh   and    Kmrlish   on   the  father's   side    and 

Fl8h  ""  lh"  "other's  side.     Be  himself  is  know,,  extensively  as  .•    Pr,Zl  and 

capable  business  man  and  a  genial  and  affable  gentleman       e"eDSlveiy  as  a  P^nipt  and 

THOMAS    II.    MAUK,   undertaker,   Mechanicsburg,   was  born  within   eight  miles 

of  Stuttgart,  at  Lauffen,  on  the  River  Hagwr.Wurtrmb.-rg.  ii,n„;,„v   I),,-,  ,,,1,,-r  ">  ml 

"'''V'l  ',""'.  "'  •""■!■  "I  wo  girls  and  two  boys:  Gottleiben,  Dorothea  C,  Thomas 
,,       "  ,  •''"  "'-'    .'  "'  'Ml  named  resides  at  Broken  Bow.  Custer  Co.,  Neb      Dorothea  C    is 

nnv    'Thorn      uT  hl^'  and  "*!?  '"  PW^elphia.     dfuleiben  resWes  in  Ger- 

many.      I  bonus  H.  was  but  sewn  years  old  when  his  father  died       He  alien,!, al  Hi,  eom- 

w7s,: ::;,;:  ;:,:;;7::rn;,!H'  ,hen  1,,,"ned  the  cabineJ ;""'  <S«&nr^  »«SZ 

with  .u       ,     J  ,  ,    \     '"■  w"i"  ','■'  8tnttg?rt  tnd  worked  u,1,il  1888;  when  he  came 

j,     ,  '   "  Vm" '''" ':l-  'andmg  in  New  York  after  a  voyage  of  eight  weeks 

work  f  's\  ,  ',  w'1-1;'''  ,'^llt',,';ntl,s  ^'V^1''1'  he  came  t0  Mechanicsburg  and 
wonted  tot  Samuel  \\  orst,  cabinet-maker  and  undertaker,  three  years      Be  then  went  to 

teb2t,Tl'  9ha°hP0f  "';  0Wn.'  -"]'}  *"ile  there  w«  Carried  to  MIsTeI  » 

'    ,rl  ,  ',  11    ,;',  1   ",V-'a X""^' ",  H— "<'—'.  a  daughter  of  Beltzerand 

1  nan,,  i  ,  11,, us,  UoumbuTg.  in  1859  Mr  Mauk  came  to  Mechanicsburg  and  worked  for 
Samuel  Worst  „„„!  865,  and  in  1866  formed  a  partnership  win,  w,i  ,T„  s  ,'  In  the 
fnmiture  and  undertaking  business.     In  1882  Mr  Mauk  so  ,1  his  interest  in  furniture  bit 


tnhiisi,,,,..,,,    ,,     1       •,-..."'      •  ""''-"  "c  "•'"  !,IMl1-  eontinueu.     ue  nas  tne  leading  es- 
i  1  s  '.', ,    L'  Vi      ,"',    US  P;-T  "'  "'"  r","""'v'     "''  is  a  member  "''  Shiremanstown 

t,  ,  hi  1,  I        '     i  -V1  ';;■''''  5embe«  "r  «»e  Bethel  Church.    They  have  had 

t  r,  ,  hildren,  viz.:  John  J.  married  Miss  Malinda  Myers,  and  is  engaged  in  theundertak- 

Tur  busin  ,''  1  1  '",  '  -u  U"s(  :""">'•  :""'  "•  angled  in  the  cabinet  and  furni 
cabin  0        M»  v. nicsburg,  Penn.j  Charles  II,  is  ,,ng:,g,.d  in  the  undertaking  and 

K.,r!AMESrM'VnljlSTEK  RAL8J0N-  ,'"ti''"'1-  Mechanicsburg,  is  a  descendant  of  the 
v,  i  \a,';  M";  "MT-  ',"'"  °f  "r,"1'1'-  f»^»es  ,,r  Cumberland  County  and  Pennsyl* 
Prs,u„A",;;"r,  *"""      "lK   :,,'""','1  ''"''  Pre8byterian8  who,  on  accounted  religious  op- 

'.;""'    I"""("ll1"  ";,;~"'r"  Pennsylvania,  was  Andrew  Ralston,  w ocated  at 

milhP   nd'an V        I'"'        !  '  early  as  im     ""  w:l< :'  -,iv"  "r  0»««»ty  A-r- 

8hortiv»fterH,  ''a""'  °T  ',"  •V"'v":1    at    "'"    ont8el  ,lf  ,h"  S'""'11    emigration, 

ttbortly  after  the  opening  of  the  land  office  he  applied  for  a  warrant,  statin-  thai  he  bad 


424  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

improve  and  dwell  on  a  tract  of  200  ac us  o  «  wanted  to  Handel  Chambers  for  the 
Conedogwainet,  joyning  to  the  '^PrheeaftL  surveyed  to  the  s'd  Ralston  on  the  common 
use  of  his  son  James  Chambers,  t .  ,  Ik  \   .  c .  t     i  not  been  ftl      dy  granted 

terms  other  lands  in  those  parts  f3.^'^  .",,!;,  l(lu.,.  t0  other  tracts  before  granted, 
to  any  other  person,  and  so  can  be  had  « ill .  on  tpu  1  u   "--  1736-7-8A:  Blunston.  Pen- 

Given  under  my  hand  th  s  .th.rd  day  oi M^^  acl.es_thig  land  was  subse- 
slvania,  S.  S.     "Endorsed:     License  to  AnaKWiww  Blunston."     There 

nuently  surveyed  to  him  by  the  surveyoi  of  Lam  ast  i     o  u  d  two  sons.     one 

isno  date  of  the  death,  of  Andre* '  Rals ;  on      H  e  te      ft^g  David  Ral  ton,  the 

of  his  daughters  married  one   Hayes   •>    ,u  .<     ln  ■.    fa  He  was  twice  married,  first  to 

eldest  son,  remained  at  B.g  Sp, 1  »s  ™ 'h sJives  died  at  Big  Spring.  He  removed 
a  Miss  Scott,  secondly  to  a  Miss  MoCUn t  »ck       i  neal,  Greensburg     By 

to  Westmoreland  County.  Penn..  in  !"«*■  <md     ^  .hildren:  Elizabeth,  married  to 

his  first  wife  David  Ralston  ^?, th*  ff  ^nf>0™u and I  second  time  to  Mr  Taylor; 
Thomas  Jacob;  Jane  first   married  to   a  Mi     uona <i  Andrew,  married  to  Miss 

K.  married  to  Mr.  Miller;  James ^"XVhadtofcK^lS^'chadwn:  Agnes, 
Kirkpatrick.    By  h  s  second  wite  D  vul  1  U  cut  .^^    ^  id  ,Q  M 

married  to  Mr.   Allsworth;  Margaret,  ma. run  to  »y-  David  Ralston,  was 

Banks  Mary,  unmarried;  Sarah  unmarried,  and  David,  Jr.  "^  married  Miss  Lacey 
born  at  BigVing,  near  Newv, lie  ^^^  ^  byte'rian  Church;  they  had  four 
McAllister;  he  and  his  wife  weie  me mbeis  ot  t nt  r  ■>  January  14,  1823;  David, 
children:  James  McAllister  born  near  Newv ,Uc  this  ™y.'hildl.en  (iicd  March  8,  849 
Andrew  Mary  E.,  wife  ot  David  Line.  1  he  iainci  »  \r,-\llister  Ralston,  the  eldest 
and  the  mother  in  1863  in  her  ^.^^J^^^^nim)  moved  with  his 
child,  was  raised  on  a  farm,  and  when  in  his  s eve  nuem y  and  which  was 

parents  to  the  old  farm  (now  owned  by  h )  lot    1 do      e  pul.cuaSed  over  1,000 

located  by  his  great-grandfather  Au h  Ik 1.1  M jU  ^  ffl  Penn.'  The  old  oundat.on 
acres  of  land  on  both  sides  of  McAU sto  ^pnn_  noi       r  above  tract_ 

o?  the  second  mill  built  west  of  the  ^£^$™^%^ !  and  their  children 
He,  Archibald  McAllister,  rnarne     i  iss  Jea ,n  »    U ure,  dJame8i  who  went  to  Sa- 

lens as  follows:  Daniel,  w hose  ttle,     n  W,  s    v ... m     ,  Richard,  who  laid  out  the 

vannah,  Ga.,  and  settled  where  ForO  1  A»ut tr  McAllister  until  changed  to  Han- 

town  of  Hanover,  York  Co.,  Penn  ^  vhi  vy *  '^  Harrisburg.  in  Dauphin  County, 
over  about  1825;  Archibald,  settled  at  1  oit  Hun <  .  anm     ri  .,  married  t0  Mr. 

now  called  Rockville  about  1750  Ma^  =e to  ^  ««*  Mr.  Williamson,  and 
Ormsby,  and  settled  in  what  is  now  I  itt bu r  1  ^l  «°  in  the  old  McAllister  farm  in 
Andrew.     The  last  named,  Andiew  Mi  Aliisiu.  was  Young,  and  both  husband 

mi      He  married  Miss  Margaret  Young,  a  daughter  of  J^ines  1  ou   -,  q{  Aq 

and  wife  died  in  1801,  aged  seventy-  hree  and  s^me  «^  ^ ^  Park  aud  who 
drew  and  Margaret  (Young)  M^'1*  ;^rS  o  J  SCph  Pierce,  they  settled  in  this 
moved  to  Lexington,  Ky,  m  1800    Jean    mam    I  ulumal.rk,l;  Margaret,  who  went 

county;  Mary,  married  to  Thomas  Mclntire  Ai  i  a.  Caih0un;  James,  unmarried, 
with  her  eldest  sister  to  Lexington Ky.,  and  marriea  a*  unmarried:  Lyd.a 

who  resided  mi  the  old  farm;  Sarah,  who  dial  uiinu.i     .  statcdj  married  David 

married  to  Joseph  Jacob;  and  Lacey  he ^^^^JTms  ^etch.  During  the 
Ralston    the  father  of  James  MeAlhstei  Ralston,  tl R  su  Me  Rebel  A 

Fast  three  days  of  June  .1 863   J ohnstoRS  division  a  Gen  Ew eUs  corps  ^ 
encamped  on  the  McAl  ister   n.  w.I.  : f>  c   1 1. ^ ^^  t,e  of  Gettysburg.    Ewell's  div.s- 
t^S^l^  Mechanicsburg,  is 

deseSo?moS;^^ 

who  stood  high  in  the  estimation  of  a 1  .r-o,  nu  hl«  ^  in  10rtaut  trusts  during  hfe 
est  business  man  and  Christian  ge ntkm. jn      11 1  h  ^  j        t  rienced  sought  his 

and  was  the  financial  counselor  of  .  ^Id0^d'1  ^uL  entire  confidence  and  respect  of 
advice,  for  he  was  kind-hearted  and  t .uc  and  ^system  he  became  its  warm  friend,  and 
all.     Upon  the  organization  of  thefommu'is.  hoi    y  coustUuUonal  convention  of 

held  the  position  of  school  director  for  m^>      "is.     in  t  .Qn   for  whi  h  1;e  w„ 

1838  he  voted  against  the  use  of  he  word  «  hit  »  u  of  the  President  of  the  United 
much  censured  at  the  time,  but  lived       s  e  1 1      ■  gn a  convention  the  resolu- 

States  appended  to  the  emanc.   a  .onjnoa  ma    on      1  adherents  and 

tion  restraining  the  power  of  the  hJ inks  w  a.        . i„  »      j       ia  State  institution    and 

tools  of  the  United  States  Bank         .       h.     b     -    u  _     ^  d        the  decid- 

they  left  no  stone  unturned  to  set ui i  '  ,  Dartisans_Principle  with  him 

ttX^^^^£^«&«**~  soon  demonstrated  in  the 


BOROUGH    OF   MECHANICSBURG.  (.25 


r\  ery  mem- 


history  ol  the  bank.  Among  his  effects  is  a  book  containing  the  signatures  of 
beroi  the  convention,  with  marginal  ootes,  showing  the  age  and  birthplace  of  each  his 
business  or  occupation,  etc.  His  prominent  characteristic  was  bis  rigid  adherence  to 
principle  and  to  his  convictions  of  whal  was  right.  On  this  ground  he  |udged  men,  on  it 
he  made  his  friends.  Deception  was  nol  inhisnature,  in  business  hewasTxact;  in  iudg- 
men)  clear  and  Bound,  in  language  always  chaste.  i„  habits  frugal,  in  affection  strong  but 
undemonstrative,  in  religion  Brno  in  faith  in  an  aU-ruling  Providence.  He  wrotefre- 
quentlT  to  publication  in  religious  papers,  and  his  article  were  full  of  strong  argument 
and  beautiful  thoughts  He  was  born  aearEphrata,  Lancaster  Co.,  Penn.,  fiayl  1808 
the  only  child  ol  Jacob  and  Mary  (Carpenter)    Mferkel,   natives  of  Lancaster  County 

Penn.,  descendants  of  two  oi  the  oldesl  fam a  of  thatcounty,  and  died  at  Carlisle 

Penn  on  September  20,  1876.  He  was  but  four  years  of  age  when  ,h,  fa,„ilv  moved  to 
what  is  now  Lower  Allen  rpwnship,  where  he  remained  on  the  farm,  attending  school 
and  teaching  until  his  marriage,  on   November  37,  1828,  with  Miss  Susanna  Martin    who 

"™  born  on  Oc »  18,  1810,  On  her  father's   farm  near    Shiremanstown  (whie  jo  nc 

at  of  her  husbands  father)     She  «  ,-  the  daughter  of  David  and  Barbara  (Hessin;  Mar 

,',,7,     "T ri71,a,ned  on  thefarm  until  the  spring  of  1858,  when  they  moved  to  Mechan 

ICBburg.      ro  this  union  were  born  five  sons  and  four  daughters,  of  whom  five  children 

2L^&^AEfe&«S  P-cn,  engaged  in  farming,,,,  I ,  SS 


JOSE  II  MILLEI8EN,  coal  and  lumber  dealer,  Mechanicsburg,  was  born  in  Lower 
Paxton Township  our  miles  eaat  of;Harrisburg,  Dauphin  Co..  Pen,,,  September  9 
l„»r'v  s  ,1.'.1";l"M;;;"1,',f  h,s,  hlt"'1'  wherehe  remained  until  his  marriage.  inPeb- 
S  I        1  i         v;l    u'u'  •daUg  '";':  ?'   Cu™"'»"    :""1  Mary  (Urookhart). Martin,  of 

Cumberland  County.     Mr.  Mi  leisen.  in  February.  1845.  came  to  Mechanicsburg.  where  he 

SnS^fmi  '"  ■sra"1  7!''  Pr".''m'"  V'ule  '""il  185!''  wu,'n  he  established  his  present  coal 
and  lumber  business.  Our  subject  bas  been  actively  identified  with  the  best  interests of 
MeehantesKu.g     He, with  Dr.  In,  Day  Jacob  Mumina,  S.  P.  GorgaJ  John  Brandt  and 

onrumzcl    the   water    and    gas  e panv    which    supplies   tl,e    town        He 

ted  and  served  as  treasurer  of  the  Gas  and  Water  Company  for  three  years  when! 
';'"  "".'■  • John'  "as  elected  in  his  stead.  He  has  also  held  other  local  offices  or 
trust  ln  Mcchantcsburg,  and  is  a  d, rector  of  the  Mechanicsburg  &  Dillsburg Railroad  The 
Milleisens  ftre  as  the  name  indicates,  of  German  descent,  and  are  members  of  the  Re 
To  wl'l,',1 ''  ^Mechanicsburg.  To  our  subject  and  wife  were  born  seve  c  .ildrVn. 
four  of  whom  are  ,v,ng.  and  all  were  born  in  Mechanicsburg:  George  C,  John  J  Alfred 
W  and  Man,,,  GeorgeC  bom  January  34,  1st;,  married  Miss  MaYv,  daughter  of  John 
and  Prances  (Bowman  Baker,  who  was  born  near  Churchtown,  this  count!  and  to  this 
^ionwereborn   wo  children:  Fanny  and  .1 ph.    George  C.  lost  his  Ztwiff^  death 

,;;r'  fc  "  "if  ■•  4'  '•"'  married1Mi«»  E™™.  daughter  of  Conrad  Kime,  of 
Cumberland!  ounty.  He, snow  in  partnership  with  his  father  in  the  lumber  and  cod 
business,  under  the  arm  name  of  Milleisen  &  Son.     He  is  a  member  of  ^  I    0  0  F 

r^e^'IT \'T< ■  II  -■■  ,  315f  nUny  ■?-""»-'"<•  No.  S9,  and  a  membe.  of  the  Im- 
proved Ordei  ,,t  Heptasophs.  J.  II.  Conclave.  No.  105  Mechanicsburg.  John  J.  second 
son  of  our  subject,  learned  the  druggist  business,  but  was  afterward  appointed Station 
^"Mech^ic^ 

T^:^  K  ''n      ^'m''V;^r'U'lS!U[ ?sb«f  he  engaged  in  mercantile  business  at 

Topi  fea,llas  .  andm   1881  was  persuaded   by  Mr.  Talmadgc.    general  manager  of   the  Wa- 


y,"    '  ■  |  '" '  "  '  "     ■  ,,     ,nn  o    nis  tainer  in  \\  indsor  Township,  fourteen  miles  north  of 
Beading.  Berks  Co.,    Penn.     His  parents,   George  and   Mollie  (Raver)  Miller   natives  of 

Berks  C'..u...y.  were  members  of  the  Lutheran  *C ch;  they  bad  a  famil"  of  3 

dr,,,  -five  son  sand  three  daughters.     David,  th ,,d  son  and  child.  „o  ij.l  „„     is 

i    I     ■",  „,  "it "I  I' '"  '•"-  p '  ,llln,"r  ,h"  ,vi""',v-  "n,il  '"'  waa  seventeen,  when  he  went 

here  h5 r  '  '"  '  \""\  begM   "'  '"""  ""'  tradeof  miller-     After  remaining 

here  three  years  and  three  months  he  attended  school  at  Reading  six  months.     He  then 


426  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

rente,  a  water-mill  on  Maiden  Creek  Mfen  c  k  V™™****  t^nt^™ 
twenty-one),  and  ;'Ptl';*1^|it1£ffiu\  the  steam-mill  (in  which  Mr.  Mil- 
formed  a  partnership  with  Will  am  M. m  •  "UU-M  Mill(n.  soM  hie  interest  to  his  part- 
ler  learned  his  trade)  some  twelve  monts.u.  .  Uu,  s|i,am 

ner,   and  in  the  fall  of  1853  came  to  M ctha m     u.f ,  th i  c;>  and  us,d  ils  a 

flouring-mill  now   owned   by     he  Gi ""bcrUn     \  a  l   >  partnership  with  E.  Zook 

warehouse.     Mr  Miller  opera  edtl  is  mil  s  in;  ^c  ^  ^    E  pur_ 

two  years;  then  Mr.  Zook  so  Id!    s  i »l^M  a    ■£        >  businesS|  and  s0 

chased  Mr.  Millers  interest.  ^"^Iieone  lion  will,  same.  Mr.  Miller  was  married, 
four  years  later  began  to  handle  coal  m  ™™^£r£™Coaaty<  Perm.,  daughter  of  John 
October  18.  1852,  to  Miss  Leah  For ney  bo  »  »  ^  *f  \r  aynd  Mrs.  Miller  are  members 
and  Lydia  (Hartzler)  Forney,  natives  of ^""^ ™Mren.  three  now  living  Samuel  F., 
of  the  Lutheran  Church.  They  hav w  Landers.  LUHe,  residing  with  her  parents; 
clerking  for  his  father,  married  to  . M  ss  Sa  lie      « «-  -  M    *Mmer  „  a  member 

Annie  M  wife  of  John Planck ,  dry  good. m, £h*nt  ot  <^e  directors  0f  the  Second  Na- 
of    Eureka    Lodge,   No.    302,   X .    cV  A_  in.    i  .       representative  business  men,  and 

tional  Bank,  and  is  one  of  Mec  1,, mcs  >  »  >  »'«  h  Loral.le  citizen  and  Christian 
stands  high  in  the  estimation _of  al  who  Know  ni.n    ;  at,.„ramifather  came   from 

gentleman.  He  is  of  Scotch  and  German  descent  n  ;  -  ;  h  f  Sb(.rmanstown, 
Icotland.     Mr,  Miller  now  owns  and  runs     flom  m  1    no  mile  &  ^  of  acres_jhe 

^kBffl1n(litoBi  AlSSM  aWlWhousein  Mechamcsburg,  and  a 
warehouse  for  handling  grain.  MHWsKash   Door  and  Blind  Factory,  Mechanics- 

DAVID  R.  MILLER proprietor  o Mdler ^ash •  £°°r  ™a  w  lhis  county,  July  15, 
burg,  was  born  on  the  old  fern dy  fa.m  m  b.W  b, ?rag  q{  ^  g  ing  Township 
1829,  son  of  Abraham  and  Bbz^h  (biiup  ->  .     ,        Abraham   Miller,   who  was  a 

this  county,   and  Dauphin  Count 1  enn.,  le I  JQyGenllimy)  and  came  to  Lancaster 

farmer  and  distiller,  a  son  ot  .  John  M   lu,  w    s     j  ,  .      '       t        He  and  his  wife 

County,  Penn.,  and  afterward ^c ,  Mw  Spring  to  1 ,  ^  R    thg  e 

were  members  of  the  Lutheran  Ohm  11.  ,  n ■>  the  winters  until  he  was  apprenticed 
mained  on  the  farm  and  attended  si  'hood  d   11  n       1 ic  w  building.  iu  which  he  con- 

three  years  to  learn  the  carpenter  ^  rad  .  and      .  t ..    tin     a ,m  ?  Qf 

tinned  until  1848  when  hc^™^  a  ul  mnahied  with  this  company  until  1852. 
Eberly.     Soon  afterward  he  be  aim  10 u  nan •  •  ,      d  Daupain  Counties  until  1863, 

He  then  worked  at  his  trade  in  Franklin,   Cum c     u >  1  bridge-building  for  the 

when  he,  with  F.  Seidle,  Samuel  Eberly  ;»  ,{  ^^'^n  Harrisb'urg,  and  at  carpen- 
Government     Then jhe  worked ,.n  Ge^  ge  Frullmger  s^iac  ^y         ^  &  ^  and 

tering  in  Mechamcsburg  until  1 b   . .   w  lu      11,  d  a  partnership,  pur- 

blind factory.     A  short  time  aft  e>    M .Mi 1 nu  .  •  £         =         uame  of  MiUer  &  K 
Chased  the  factory,  and  co utmued        .  g  1     s  n     s  > 11a  -  and  soon  after  Mr. 

until  March,  1884,  when  James  Fulton  pinch as    1  1 ir     s     ,  business  alone.     In 

Miller  purchased  Mr.  Fulton  s  merest  ^nd      .     «     ^ '«^y«     Rq  Silver  Spring 

May.  1852,  Mr.  Mdler  marned  MssF.anc  s  li,  n  ,u  Brownewell.  natives  of 

Township,  this  county,  daughter  ot  Henry  au     oa  »        v  ectively.     Mr.  and  Mrs. 

lilver  Spring  Township  this  county  a,u  A^  -^Xe'fatt^ Sf  ^he  ^formed  Church 
Miller  are  members •  thefoim        t   tlic  u  father  in  the  factory;  Barbara  E.    at 

JEREMIAH  li.  Jiumitji,  luuf1™  „,        ,,  ivtnnrne  Township,  June  20.  lod/, 

native   of  Cumberland  County,  ^'^  ^  ^  ^n     ylvanTa      His  grandfather, 
and  is  a  descendant  of  one  o  !    he  oldest   to .  1  ^;  Xc,wburg.  where  he  died;  he 

Michael  Morret,  born  in  this ^  com ity     w  s  a    h  tUird  S(in         s  born  in 

was  the  parent  of  four  sons  a  ml  t  11   .   <^  -  «  ?nwB  m0ved  to  Churchtown  and 

Newburg.  learned  the blacks rah       ^.j.      \h'    ,  ^htei-of  Adam  and  Polly  Diller   and 
opened  a  shop  there;  Ut  »  !    '      rs       VU  A    wife  of  Jacob  Beis.line.  a  farmer  at  Oaks 

had  two  sons  and  three  daughteis^  Alt. uu  A  Angeline  Harmon,  lives  in  Frank- 

when  he  became  a  me.nbe    c H    np a ny^  mustered  out  and  then  returned  to  his 

Volunteer  Infantry.     Ten  months  late 1    nc  ^  wen[  ^  New  Kingston  and  there- 

home  near  Locust  foint.     in  me  >t"'"o 


BOROUGH  OF  MECHANICSBCRG.  |_"7 

I the  painter's  trade; i  three  years  later  he  moved  to  Carlisle,  Penn.,  and  clerked  in 

"'   .."""'"»»  I  ""»•'    .until  December,    861    whet clerked  for  John  J  RingTTait  IS 

the      American  Bouse'   until  March  1.  1868,  when  he  wenl  to   New  Kingston  arid  ran  a 

■  t  1,     a  ,n,  -house  and    hvery  stable      Five  years  later  he  came  to  Mechanicsburg  and 

'    '1,,k "   '"',M'     ;"!-»^'  ""I"'  "American  House,"  until  July,  1884,  when  heonened 

his  present  hotel,  on  MawStreet,  athreestoiybrickbuildingcontainingtWentv-sixrSoms 

toMM!'^' '.Parlorands pi,  room.    Mr.  Mo,-,", ;wa   m.r  i,  I.M arc    16  18  74 

'  ugherty,  born  in   &pper  Allen  Towns ,  this  county    daughter  or 

:'."!  MarJ     s''^>'.iHM  Daugherty.    To  this  union  have  berabon Ttwc *sons and 
Jennie  W  „!,„„:,„,!  Herman     Mr  Morrel    is  a  rnembe,   of    II  °     7 
1      ';  ''    A   K  !  N"    "•'■  Mechanicsburg.     Politically  he  is  a  Democral      He  is  a  nerfect 

Church.      Their  family  consisted  of  four  sons    and  seven  daughters     Hon     i  « 

being  the  eldest  Our  subject  worked  at  farming,  attending  school  in the wlntWinlmitv 
Township  Berks*  ounty,  and  it  issaid  thai  his  dtsire  for  knowledge  was  s eatthaThe 

.""'   ;::,n'-v  :1  -'  ■" P  '"  1  to  'I"'  field,  and  there  sit  on  his  plow.  while  - ,'  j  ,      ,    , 

would  figure  out  some  difficult  problems.     In  this  manner  he  obta  ned  his  ,,l„    , ,     7 ' 
W  the  ageoj    eventeen ior_ eighteen  he  began  teaching  school  in  Berks  County,  a  profes 
awn  he  Followed  until  [88o,  when  he  became  man:,-,,-  .-,,,,1   clerk  for  the  Glaisrow Iron 
Works  (consistingol   forge,  furnace,  mill  and  I'ann.    near  Pottstow.         ,n  '  ,,n    V  Co 

^continuing  thereuntil  1887,  when  he  came  to  this  county  an    to  1     hi     , "of  the 

I ',  w  ,'l-  ■  InXlrZ  h  e''ty  F'T''  "":"'  r;U!'1"'"'  and  waa  ""<  •  »f  tuosfwho purchased 
tne  works,  [n  184fi  lie  became  sole  owner  of  this  property.  In  1H52  he  soldu  half  interest 
toL  L  Boyer,  his  brother-in-law,  and  in  1852  soft  out  his  interest,  to  M,  ,   „ 

-•came  a  partner  with  him.  continuing  in  that  relationship  umii  1864  when  he 
again  soldout  to  .\ b    Boyer,  and  retired  from   business.     In  isi;r,  he  removed  to  Meehan 

V^""'-  "'"'•"  ' d  «a?  80.  iss-'-      I"   IW3  Mr.   Moser  was  nomi  ,  ,         ,  ,    V  1  a 

also  ejected  and  served  as  associate  judge  ol  this  county  five  years  and  was  the  lasi  assn 
ciate  judge  „t  the  county  under  the  Constitution  of  1837.  lie  led  var  ous  o, her  offices  of 
trust.  He  wasfor  a  number  of  years  a  director  of  the  Harris.,,,,--  11H  1^  ('  ,  ,ally  "  (n 
he  Firsl  Na  ,.,„al  Bankof  Mechanicsburg,  the  Gas  *  YVa.cr  Co.n.X  n  he 
Ale na     IF     f it,   ,  S      <"■'''  ',.  ""T"!^  WM  nls"   President  and  treasurer  of  the 

D ete '.'         ,'fTli,  v  H    Z '  ^"■■i-tyt..r  II..-  li...;„v.-ry«.rsI.,l,.,.  n.,rs,-si„„l  Mnlt-s.  an.l  tlio 

,,  ,    ,       ,     i     7         He  was  a  recognized  leader,  and  his  judgment  at  all  times  was  fair 
".P.al         ,,,;,„„,  great  natural  ability  and  force  character,  he  bad   the  co   fi 

'."'.'' fPectof  all    and  his  opinion   was   -really  sought   and   much   valued-    he   was 

Practical  self-reliant,  cautious  and  slow  at  arriving  at  conclusions  but  »r ,  !  ,„  I  ■ 
geUcin  ttieexecution  of  his  desi-ns.     Mr.  Moser  cfme  to  n,  ,    '    ^ounf  man  wfth 

',„';,",  'a'f'rn,  "  ;",'!IS  death  ra?  one  "f  lhe  wealthiest  men  'in  his  ,  Pn,  ■ ,  ha  -i  ng 
^^lated ha  fortune,  not  by  speculation,  but  bv' careful  business  habits   wise  invest 

,';:;;;    ,    '"''  Sf?.0^;      *  hfle  De  ™S  :1"  active  and  successful    husine.s'n  a,  || 

ai  1  •  „ni  i  I>ute-ran  Church,  as  were  his  ancestors,  and  to  il  he  was  a  liberal 
"Ugenerous  contributor  both  ol  his  means  and  influence,  as  well  as  to  such  other  reli-- 
first    NoteZe^K^T,^11    "^   ,"'Pr"V:1'-      °"r   Sllh■i"'■,    »'-    rri '       t  vice; 

a  i ii.'.s,       i  i ,  ,    r  u, :   ■,: ;";  i'T  ^ter  Ann  Lorah,  of  Amity  Township,  Berks  Co.,  Pen,,. 

Mir.  -sVi  ,        s,       i    1 "' I:;''y-  «"  whom    ^.-Hi.-lpmut,-.  Mr.  Mosor  :itlril„.l,-,l  i„„.-],  ..r  l,i 

K  ,„  rM';J"''    A   a-iryv1  '  l876-Thavmg  had  do  children.     His  second  mar- 

,h,      ,:  '  i      ' Y'r  K«gareJ  ''-  T  r,ich'  wh0  w:l^  '""■"  in  PpperAllen  Town- 

1.      K       ,  ,  Sl'r  I      i     0C,jBC"l         :""'      :":l1'   ,AV"'S'   lTrir1'-  °1'1  -'■"lersof  Climber 

M  4,  .,;,-„ 'x;,v  ;^m-, My^;l,:V.V"-"  ^.ldren:  Ruth,  born  October  13,  1879,  and 
i       Mm-  ,n  i''   p      ,        -'y  r^tlde  Wlth  ,lu'ir  mother  '"'    Mechanicsburg. 

tu'     >\t-  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  of  Dillsburg. 

b„r-  in  s^,  ,VI  0,'1,|',lr'i  i  i"'  T'rMec-Sanic8b0ur&  ^  born  six  miles  east  of  Harris 
a nd Ebtd  ■',  ;   i.',.  I'  ,  ,'m  '''  I):l",'h,n  (  "-.  1Vl1"-  September  l-l.  1809.     His  parents,  John 

,  e      1     r   1        T       -1      r'"fK''  r,V";",V''S  "f    PennsylT and  members  of  the  Men- 

,      ! ",  "■,  ., '  hr>  uad  a  family  of  four  sons  and  two  daughters     Jacob   the  second 

i-c";;  "m  ' ''"k  i/Virv  °iD  "v tarm- wi,h  hu tather "",n  •-  ^S jAv.,;,,-  ;; 

n,r'n      i      "  Elizabeth  Nissley,  born   in  Dauphin  County,  Penn.,  daughter  of  Martin 

Penn    in'"--'  'K,,,"1"n  "^V-     »■  and  Mrs.   Mum,,,,-,  moved  to  Lancaster  County" 
Wfi     T,    .    '  !       ''"-•',"'   ",-  far'""ILJ  ,nil,]  l839>  and  there  Mrs.  Mumma  died  March  ->i 
1*<30.      The  family  consisted  of  two  sous  and  one  daughter:  Martin,  who  resides  ,,„   ,!„, 


428  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES : 

old  homestead  farm  of  his  father  one-half ;  mile  ^**%ZTffffij£Z£2.  re- 
sides on  a  farm  a  mile  south  of  Media .1.  si. ur g in d  An  u.  witc  Qf  ^  Jac 
sides  on  a  farm  three  miles  southeas t  of  M a  .in ic ;  umV  Township,  afterward 
Mumma  came  to  Cumberland  County  ™*b°u$™.*J$™}"J£°  Our  subject  was  married 
purchasing  the  old  homestead  farm  in  Silve.  b  > »ig  »«  ns >1  ^  «  J  in  Cumberlaad 
on  second  occasion  December  1,  I806,  to  *  J)  Fl,  rl  -ml  who  died  May  1,  1861,  the 
County,  daughter  of  John  and  An™  W^®™ and  stock  dealer;  Amos,  a  miller  in 
mother  of  six  children,  four  living:  ^obE  farmer  and  sto  k  (  q{  Clirigtian 
Upper  Allen  Township;  Eh  farmer  in  Upper  AUen  lownsu  ,r  2g  1862  His 
Hertzler,  a  farmer  in  Hampden  Town*.  M l1  «  ma  "^-j,  „  dau.hler  of  Henry 
present  wife  Mrs.  Mary  Hertzler  wasb<> n  n  L  ^C- ^^  0D'e  daugliter,  Emma, 
and  Elizabeth  ( Kauffman)  Schoph.  loll  ib  urn  n  members  of  the  Mennonite 
who  resides  with  her  parents.  Mr.,  and  Mrs •  Mum^a  a a  numne  Firgt  Na_ 
Church  at  State  Hill.  Mr.  Mumma  is  one  of  1  1 ,  to  <  1 «  established 
tional  Bank  of  Mechau  csburg  ft he  othe  -  ™  ^vi  Me  ke 1  deceahe d  jaMb 
a  private  bank   John  Brandt  Jo   n  b.  idlti    1  eyi  a    MJ'MummftiB  0ne  of  the  solid  re- 

school  and  assisted  his  father  on  the  fa  m  uut  1   u-»    eve °  -<-"•  j      ia«a  County, 

winters  and  studied  with  a  private  tutoi    and  one  year  m         a  £;         y  Qne  thea 

Penn.  At  twenty-oue  he  went  to  ^?^'4,T&Tiv^nSm^TX  Company,  of  Dayton, 
engaged  as  manager  and  salesman  for    1     VU  I  .  is"     ^   >  IJ     J  extend. 

Ohio^  one  year;  then  took  charge  of  the  .  u  m  .  .  h  ms  ^  Cumbwl     d 

ing  his  trade  into  the  Southern  States.     Haying  b,    1  su     -      ui  in  Mg_ 

County,  purchased  the  farm  his  father  had  se  lee ted  foi  him   •  m l«    •«  j 

chanicsburg.  He  was  married  here,  November  1  18b  1.  Mi  .^'Martin)  Merkel.  Mr. 
Lower  Allen  Township  this  county .daugUte. ^C^V  g^Uoreanizld  what  is  now  the 
Merkel,  who  was  one  of  the  first  bank;  is  in  ilu  a  11. .  1,  ^  ,.n,ra,red  in  commercial, 
First  National  Bank.  Since  Ins  mamage  M .  N..  >lij  1  as  b  .  n;  ,a  memberg  of  the 
agricultural  and  horticultural  pursuits.  M  •  '^  Mrs  >.  k  »  a  <.  AssembU,  at  Min- 
Presbyterian  Church.     He  was  sent  as  comm  ss.one.  tn ,  th t  Ust  U  mi  Meciianic3- 

is  chairman  of  the  Pennsylvania  State  S.i      .   U-s  ihoo    Assoc  a .    n.  Carlisle, 

organizers  of  the  Cumberland  County  Sa  bba taWAwxi at '^     S  president, 

September  13,  1873;  was  elttte  ,^™e  ^  CS  ^ciall  everste;  and, 
serving  three  successive  years  and ^ha .been  ^oc^fld  chool  teachers  for  their  re- 
seeing  the  great  need  of  bettei  pi e par ™  u  u>  .  ,,  hl  publishing  and  conducting  the 
sponsible  position,  he  was  one  of  the  lea  ding  spii    s       esia  ^       „        some  of  the  best 

us  sua  sa  t=£  «s  t:;.- -Ssj- 

Christian  B.  is  the  youngest.     Ou    s ul.j  Us     a   ,       .a  •  brothers,   and  settled  in 

from  Switzerland,  during  the  ^  S"^^  .  "s  ma  ei  ml  grandfather  came  to  Lancaster 
Lancaster  County,  Penn.  C  u  is  Uan  B.  -Nit  >  f  ,)U1.  sketrh  is  one  of  the  enterprising 
County,  Penn.,  from  Switzerland.     The  *>ub]i.ct  o    < mi  sk u       11  as  aQ 

business  men  and [representative ^  citizens  and ^stands  high  i,Uk  L  t  residences  in 

.Vlb„i.i..Eli«i,linlr  Ma,7.,!ob  «,.»ia  Em  ;„,.     vmui^  B.Mlio» 


BOROUGH  OF  MECHANICSBCRG.  429 

to  himself;  went  to  Baltimore,  ttd.,  and  clerked  in  a  grocery  and  .In.- store  uutn  1888- 

he  then  ran  a  Mlchin,;  marhine  in  his  broth,,-'*  hoo,  ami  shoe  run  .r      MM  hi  ,       ,    i    ,  / 
in  the  meantime,  until  the  fa    of  I860,  when  be  entered  the  Vn-i     \,.:„i      >  '""'-"le 

ted  until  theepringof  1861,  studying  medicine  untU  the  f , n  „f    sr        f  '  ''","       '''  r", 
the  medical  departmenl  of  the  United  Stai e    An  is  ,       V'u    ' ,<'"tt'red 

Medical  Colle^  of  Baltimore,  and  studied^  atttd  ec ,      '  untuSh^'TeS 

manufacture  of  lumber; etc     In  Z  lSffiM      t?       engaged  very  extensively  in  the 
to  of  Hech&J urir  (■!]  m  lf.   i  , ..    ,      '  ,    ''  ,""-'  tl,le*1'  attended  the  l.ish 

»i.<m.„i„ ,„.. wn.,1,,:,,,. , ;1ii  ,;„!:,'„ ,;,■,.',,"  ,  'l£;:;;',.?:;^i7;'],;.'"l^i-'''1">'"l» 

tta*^^^^^^^ 

ftay.  1864.  to  October,  1864  part  cS| °n  tie battle of  N  V'r 'i"!'1;',  "J  "'"  '"'i'1  from 
jent.  of  the  Fifth  AxmyCorps  a,  aid  "lining        s  !,'   f   Sbu^  to" Canm  en" 

of  18h4.  most  importanl  of  which  were  at  Peterslnm,  «.  v?,rf    i-  u    i         ","  tll(' summer 

w-eos.g.d,,,,!,.,,,,,,.,^,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1, rtoi„nirsJaot&a!SkS 


430  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES : 

County  conspirators     From  ^^«^^^^S^St&SS^^^ 

ment  at  the  close  of  the  war,  he  continued  as  rcu  u    uu  .16  d   t0   New 

headquarters  District  0,^^^,  when  he  was  appointed  assistant  as- 
ville,  this  county   and  taugl. t  mU  yl    nt    .1  un  Pennsylvania  and  con- 

sessor  of  internal  revenue  of  the  Fifteen     t    u us.   r '  B,  ■    Co  JPenn.)  where  he 

tinued  in  that  position  for  four  yea  rs    the i  1 '«  ^ »  A  .  Pennsylvania 

was  employed  as  assistant  shop  clerk  of.  he  A  In     n.    m. uliin  P         ^  ^  inted 

Railroad  Company,  and ,-™l'^    „:%„,,   and  January  1,1880.  was 


Railroad  Company ,  and continued  the,  g  t  "Venn     and  January  1,  1880,  was 

teller  of  the  Second  National  Bank  of  Mechanic!  aurg  ^  mo> 

appointed  to  his  present  position  as  < .as h    r  js  1  ■  i   «  V  Scotch-Irish  on  her  mother's 

]££.  Sarah >  R.  Lloyd  of  We^sb i  descen  ton  her  f  th      ^i     .«•  of  wmiam  and  Amanda 

side,  born  November  16,  1844,  at  . Lisburn   ' mu  u       ,         «  December  12,  1872,  now 

Lloyd.     Mr.  and  Mrs  Ployer  have  one  daughte i    xvune >  11  ,  berg  of  tne  Presbyte- 

attending  school  at  Mechamcsburg.     Mr   and    lr .      ojt i  M      ftt 

rian  Church.  Mr.  Ployer  w  a  ™^"?fA£P  Pen.  ad  U  a  Past 'Commander  of 
Newville;  St.  John's  Chapter  R.  AM     at  Carlw^enn     a  a  r   l  ^  po8t 

^.^G.rrSa^sh8^  \|-^eSg  husinessmen  ^s  ,r,Pre- 

^^^^^W^^^^^S^^  Church,  Mechanicsburg 
REV.  SAMUEL  W.  RE1GAK1    paswr  r  ^  ;         pastoral  duties  October  25, 

(called  from  the  church  of  bunbuij,  K nn.     U.K. i     u   o  presi,yiery  was  deferred 

1868,  although,  at  his  own  request,  his .  f  m  ™T£. £  "i  Co  ,  Pcnn.,  July  29.  1837;  son 
until  June  15,  1869.     He iwas  born .at  Lane  s , -L^;^\^°F'  lvanii    j.  Franklin" 

of  John  Franklin  and  Caroline  (White  Kcgar _  ;..^ '^ ^e^n  rinclu^  Slale  offlces.  He 
Reigart  held  various  pubheappom tmen s  mL ;"^<££.n^  ha(i  u*ree  SOns  and  two 
and  his  wife  were  members  ot  t he  P  I >  n  u» r re  . and  afterward 
daughters      Samue W    «>,  ^lest,  g  aduaU d  ; t  the  L anu ist^^  ^  ^ 

at  "Franklin  and  Musli,,l(.b^.>         ^  186Q   and  heW  the  pos.tion  five  years 

appointed  principal  ot  .Lancastti  nif"  ,,,„  :u,.„r,,inn  nf  the  Rev  Walter  Powell;  received 
fme  ^»^^^^l^V^*^^  bv  the  presbytery  of 
D^nSt(nowVettIn^)^ober4  1861  ^KKftWS 
presbytery  of  Northumberland Penn    Ocb  o      i  ^  ^  hed  his  intr0. 

1868,  when  he  was  called to  '^^  I  e  wa  i  ...icd.  December  31,  i860,  to  Miss  Anna 
ductory   sermon  Octobe     ~ 1868 .     lie  wa  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Frauds 

E.   Hodgson,  born  in  Columbia    Ljuiuistu    ^     ,   r         ■         {  for  many  years  a 

Hodgson,  D.  D,,  and  Agnes    Lo  g    11 odg*on ^  ^  toi  «ey         p  ^  fl 

prominent  minister  and  residing .elder ^in  the ^J^"™  ^  M£  and  Mrs  8amuel  W. 
labor  being  principally  ,n  PI  add  h  ;  . ™d  *cw™  John  Franklin,  Agnes  H„  Caro- 
Reigart  have  been  born i  five  c  nUi.u         u  no  g        succeSsful  building  up  a  strong 

light  of  the  day,  August  14,  1818.  H  jv  Xn  C'  mtV  Penn.  John  Adam  Riegel  came 
were  born  and  raised  in  ^.""iWrLrfTSiSp  with  John  Coover.  and 
to  Mechanicsburg,   tins   county    in ^181  b    foimt      a      ..r     c        I  .       he  town.     Mr 

opened  a  dry  goods  and  genera    sto  c   t  he  hrst ..    c  < i       J        P  held  other  offices  of 

RPiegel  was  elected  c»y  Jurg^  b, ^P^P^S^  fied  Jmua^l.  1^,^ 
trust,  including  tha t  ot  -c  »  member  of  the  Dunkard  Church.    They 

fifty-six  years  and  some  montis^  four  d       hters  are  now  living: 

had  three  sons  and  live  dau^lit  is.  o     «'  a  retired  Metn. 

Levi;  John;   Margaret  wile  of  I ^  ^    .  h,   S  y  h,^ . te  o    j  _  Herring;  Mary, 

odist  Episcopal  minister  of.  *C»M»™^S  Catharine,  wife  of  Christian  Brandt 
wife  of  George  Zacharias,  resu  ng  n i  Mc   1        <  s  u         '  a    ^  .  M,,chanicsburg,  and 

died  in  1878.     John   the  secomUon  an  U  h  Id   a.  Urn it  j  i   u  ^  himeif,  and,  at  the 

clerked  for  his  father  unt.l  1848  w Inn  Ik  cn0 x ,«    i-i  business,  retaining  the 

death  of  his  father  succe edec 1  m.  ^  J™  cb'!  tue'  gecond  National  Bank  and  his 
property  which  included  the  1 mi     m  >•   >      ^  >        wnVd  bv  Adam  Riegel  (deceased), 

residence,  adjoining  which  is  the  old ^ho^tuul  one  ow  ^"  /  h  r  m%  Miss  Susan 
Mr.  Riegel   married  at  Lebana  Co  .  ^  «  m  of  g 

A  lams  fngol  who  was  „,,  •„    n  B  h, m     ,    M  1     : Y^       ^  Ju  Mass.,  respectively; 

and  Susannah  (Moult o n      i  h     •     ; «  finirrh.     Mr.  and   Mrs.  Riegel  are  members  of 

^lX5?8^S23PS3S^^  have  had  tw6  children:   Sarah  Gertrude, 


BOROUGH  OF  MECHANICSBURG.  );{| 

wife  of  Rev.  Johnson  H   (in.ir.  r  Lutheran  minister  of  Danville,  Penn    and  Nellie  km 
in   1847,  first .wife. ol  Maj   AzorH.  tfickerson  and  who  died/k    "«t.  "  t  Fo  r   Bo 
Idaho.     Mr.Riegel  is  one  ol  the  pioneers  of  Cumberland  County  and  Btan  ds  hi  i,  ' 

estimation  of  all  asan  upright  business  man  and  Christian  genfieman.  Hehellan otifcl 
m  the  school  board  wenty  on,  years  Be  has  lived  to  sfe  the  borough  ,,  |  re  ,  . 
inlerestingand  important  changes  and  can  remember  when  there  were  om        h,    ,,  ,    ' 

;e;„S";..^.'ES;;,-:!:  "icr"""' >  »A«SttSl^£j£aff2S 

married  Miss  Catharine,  daughter  of  William  I  fc  I'!      !h     S',  He 

susses  wastes «  asusSs^sasS  a '  f:;, 

and  cracker  manufactory,  in  which  business  he  rema  bed  f  , -  ,     ?  ,"T'    rfd 

advantage  over  other  manufacturing  establishments  of  Sesame  Irifd    ^orivfB^??l8e 
ol  the  rapid  growth  of  this  business-  Mr.  Ringrose  starting   Zid'    (or  witi  \he  i,    n    t 

came  proprietor  of  the  "American  Bouse"  in  M, •■],■,,,     i,„,  !     7.         ffinnS  ot  1881  be- 
here   August    85,    1884    to    Mi-    M  ,/,,'  W     ,  ,  "  ''""  s  "' '-■.  ,( ,l"-  subject  was  married 

ivr.. ..:.>„.„.,•  of ,:,.,„.,, ;,::, sir,:.;.,  £  r™ ;  ';!,t':;;;.,;|,',rf  l;'un,',,','l:,ml  ft- 

WU¥5jf5x-' i^e  judge  and  clerk  of  C berian  ICoun^courts         "  """"^     M' 

lliilylll       1 

bu  wldow  dled  in  J~  ■  l8«8.  <*<*  fifty-two     Th,v  wero'memVr!  rftig  'iil^S 


432  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

Episcopal  Church  .parents  of  three -us  and  one  ^^S^^^S\S& 

president  udge  of  CnmberhiidCo™  ,J  m  -  in  the  manu{acture  of 
lisle.  Our  subject  early  wen  la.t ins! uig.  V a  ^  «-  ^»  Md  ,  and  New  Cumber- 
lumber,  and  has  followed  this  nl1'  f\  ',"',"  .U/illh(.  "ring  of  1880.  He  was  married, 
land,  this  county  He  moved  to  Mechanicsbu.  in  uk  „  daughter  of  John.  L. 
November  7,  1873.  at  Hager stow n.  M d  to  M i s  Lou  •'  ;  n  wasSelected  associate 
and  Magdalena  (Hershey)  SmU^  Mr  Ssmth  a  it m  ihree  te  To  Mr 
judge  of  the  orphans'  court  of  Wash  ngton  comity.  •  e  fl  Harriet.  Our 
Jand  Mrs.  Sadler  have  been  born  one  son  and  o ne  aaugnte£  He  started  in  life 
subject  is  a  F.  &  A.  M.  and  a  member ■of  the  I.  OO* .  a^  f  f  his  father's  death 
with  limited  means,  conducting  the  arm  for  his  n  ot  in ^  t  v  y  ^  8tandg  high 
and  at  twenty-two  struck  out  for  himself '■     H       ■  ■    >      »■  f  Scotch.Irish  descent 

representative  of  one  of  tbl'*  '  ™  ^"vl,  L  near  the  town  of  New  Kingston  son 
the  old  homestead  farm,  in  Silver  bl,rin«  I0""h  '  '  ..„  born  iu  Silver  Spring  Township, 
of  John  and  Nancy  (Saxton    Saxton    ,  John  Sax  ton  w      born  in ^  P^K  ^  ^ 

this  county,  and  in  ear y  life  engagee    in  t,  rm  i  „.  wni  Meehanicsburg,  with  her 

he  died  in  1843,  aged  thirty-six  years;  ^  w«low  w  bt ill     v m  ^.^      John 

daughter.  Miss  Mary  E.  Saxton.     Mi.  and JAvs    ■  ou n  n. ix ^iira  attending  the  com- 

O  ,  the  eldest  in  the  family  and  only  son   wo rind  on     > fa thci  >U n  ^,    tnen 

mon  schools  until  he  entered  D.clanson  College    wheene  re,  gnver  g 

taught  school  four  years  in  Harris  urg  Perm .,  ^  «^Drtunl  borrf  iu  Lower  Allen 
Townsh  p.  November  15.  1866.  he  mamee  ui  ^  f\iateert  Dunlap  one  of  the  old- 
Township,  this  county   daughter  of  James  and  Margaret  (Mate,      U         g  ^^  to 

council  several  terms,  and  has  hel 1  van     s    o c.l  om  ^  ;  District  of  Pennsylvania. 

^oneTmS  K^*«  ^1^  ZT^T*?  ?3$!  ?. 

past  high    priest  of  Meehanicsburg  Chapter   R.  A.  M.    p.  >t    >m  e     oi  umDerland 

Lodge  Ind  Encampment  and  has  *™J"g%£$$XZg  B  and  Tract  Society 
County  two  terms..  Has  been  treasurer  of  the  Mec han.c.hu  g  Townsh  ^  county> 
since  its  organization  in  1871.  He^owns  alarm  inDiive  ^  „  Township,  this  county, 
of  145  acres;  and  Mrs.  Saxton  is  owner  of  a  tarm  in  WW  juieu  Meehanicsburg. 

of  over  200  acres,  besides  a  fine  reside nee i  on ™rner Mam  ^^^S  he  has  serv(d 

^^.KeIS^ 

Si^Sb^ 

Scherich  natives  of  Lancaster  County  fenn.,  me  linuieiu  .  the  eldest 

liSer,  Christian  Scherich,  J-^s  co^y  ^er^he  v^ «  young     Jna  Scher ic^ 
of  four  children,  worked  on  his  fat he,     f'"mnet  maker's  and  painter's  trades,   at  New 
he  was  apprenticed  to   the  carpenteis    «'"  J^r     a°  d  \Vanied  his  trade;  having 
Cumberland  and  Shepherdstown.  and  at  twenty     ^  °      .  e  liaci  i  ^  ^^  ^^ 

ap,ness  and  energy  soon  became : one  of  the^ "^t  mechan  J  sectinn  rf  the  first 

near  Lisburn,  where  he  carried  on  his  trade,     He si    em   e  ht  a 

railroad  bridge  across  the  river  at  '  •  -     .     r'      .   ,\  and  soon  became  one  of  the 

of  land  west  of  Lisburn,  erected  commoe ions  b  nek  inn  in,-  on  the 

first  farmers  of  the  countf .    In  connection  wU farmin ^^xte^^y   ^  ^ 

«lof»^  StfKAS 

Christian  workers,  always  active  in  the  cause    > mo  ai    a  =     business  at  Lisburn, 

children  living:  Christian  a  carpenter  but  enga ^'  1Q  ^  ^|  J  uddler  a,  West  Fair- 
married  to  Miss  Eliza  A.  Floyd;  Ann  Jane,  wife  ot  l  n. ,  ki,  _.  Hickerndl.  Phoebe 
S  l^'&^t^ZZESSM  Jonathan  H.  Clay  (mar- 


BOROUGH  OF    MBCHANICSBTJRG.  433 

ried  to  Rebecca  Eerr),  a  farmei  residing  in  Clay  County,  Nebraska;  Rachael  Ellen  wife 
Livingston,  carpenter  and  farmer,  al  \\  est  Fairview;  Winfleld  <  I.  (married  to  Bliss 
Mary  A  McClure),  a  farmer  near  Churchtown.  Mr.  Jno.  Scherich's  great-grandfather 
Christian,  came  from  Switzerland  and  settled  in  Lancaster  County,  Penn  ;  he  bad  two 
brothers,  one  oi  whom  settled  in  Canada,  and  from  these  come  all  the  Scherichs  in  the 
United  States  and  Canada.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  died  March  37,  L886  al  the  age  of 
seventy  four  years,  and  M  can  be  justlj  said,  that,  for  enterprise,  energj  and  ability  be 
was  unsurpassed.  Not  onlj  being  a  practical  mechanic  .'11111  farmer,  but  also  a  close 
Scripture  Btudent,  and  notwithstanding  his  great  asthmatic  .-11111011011.  his  place  w  as  seldom 

vacant  at  church  or  Sabbath-scl 1.     He  look  an  active  pari  in  the  politics  of  the  day 

and.withhis  greal  memory,  could  give  statistics  and  could  refer  to  most  of  the  important 
actions  1  ongjess  and  ol  the  State  Legislature  for  the  past  fifty  war-. 

GEORGE  SCHROEDER,  carriage  manufacturer,  linn  o)  G  Schroeder  Sons  &  Co 
Mechanicsburg,  has  been  identified  with  this  county  since  Ma^  I.  1 83a  Hcv 
Berlin,  Adams  1  0.,  1  enn.  January  83,  1816,  son  of  Henry  and  Elizabeth  (Bowers)  Schroe- 
der, the  latter  a  sister  of  Judge  Man  Harmon  Bowers,  and  a  descendanl  of  the  Harmons 
one  ol  theoldest  fanuliesof  Cumberland  County  Henry  Schroeder,  a  tailor  b\  trade 
n  near  Benin,  Germany,  and  came  to  America  and  alone  to  Pennsylvania  when 
yearsold.  Helocatedin  East  Berlin,  Adams  Co.,  Penn.,  where  he  married  Miss 
Ualon,  who  died  some  four  years  after  without  issue.  He  was  married  on  the  second  occa- 
sion to  Miss  Elizabeth  Bowers,  of  Adams  County.  He  ami  his  wife  were  members  of  the 
Lutheran  1  hurch.  I  bey  had  a  family  of  three  sons  and  two  daughters,  of  whom  two  sons 
and  one  daughter  survive.  When  George,  the  second  son  and  child,  was  about  twelve 
years  old  his  parents  purchaseda  farm  near  Conowago  Creek,  four  miles  north  of  Gettys- 
burg, and  nere  our  subject  remained  until  he  was  seventeen,  when  he  came  to  Mechani'cs- 

Durgand  worked  in  Henry  Kimmel's  blacksmith  shop  one  year;  then  bought  out  Thomas 
Harris  and  carried  on  a  blacksmith  shop  and  engaged  in  coach-making,  plating,  etc.  In 
a  ae  established  his  present  business  which  he  has  increased  from  time  to  time  until  now 
he  has  the  largest  carnage  and  buggy  manufactory  in  the  valley,  giving  employment  to 
from  twenty-five to  thirty  men.  Hehas  over  $45,000  invested  in  this  business.  Mr.  Schroeder 

was  married  at  Lint/..  Lancaster  Co.,  Penn.,  September  13,  1834,  to  Annie  Bueh.  daughterof 

Henry  Buch,  a  weaver  by  trade.  Tothisunion  were  bornfivechildren:Luzctta(  wife  ol.  lame  s 
lmn,  a  coach  maker,  member  of  the  firm),  Harry  B.  (also  a  member  of  the  firm;  married 
to  Miss  Susan  Wicks,  of  Brockport,  N.  V).  William  (also  a  member  of  the  firm;  married 

to  KllSS  Man  l.esamon.  and  after  her  demise  to  Miss  Laura  Wise,  of  Mechanicsburg,  this 
county  I  Mary  -widow  ol  Simon  Bowman ;  is  a  clerk  in  the  Treasury  Department,  Wash- 
"-',,|>-  ,  '  k  -Hen  ,wife  ot  Theodore  Singeiser,  member  of  Congress  from  Idaho  Terri- 
tory i.  Mrs.  Mhroeder  died  in  March.  1865,  a  member  of  Bethel  Church.  In  1867  Mr. 
Schroeder  married  Mi-  Martha  Leas,  born  in  this  county,  daughter  of  Robert  Galbreath 
a  descendant  of  James  Galbreath,  Jr.,  the  founder  of  the  family  in  Pennsylvania,  and  who 
was  ot  Scotch  Irish  stock,  having  immigrated  to  Pennsylvania,  settling  in  1712  at  Done- 
gal, in  what  is  now  Lancaster  County,  where  he  bought  large  tracts  of  land  from  William 
I  urn.  lb-  married,  in  1  ,:,.>,  Elizabeth  Bertram,  who,  with  her  father.  Rev.  William  Bert- 
ram, came  irom  Edinburgh,  Scotland— all  these  people  were  Presbyterians.  James  Gal- 
breath.  Jr.,  Was  elected  sherilL   of  Lancaster  County  in  1742   and  judge  of  common  pleas 

pj.n,  '  ■""'  -co  '"'1,nV  7f%£2  BerVcd  as  JUStice  "f  tlle  Peace'  He  removed  to  Cumberland 
(  ount.\  in  1760  and  in  1763  was  appointed  judge  of  Cumberland  County.  He  took  an 
active  part  m  he  I-  rench  and  Indian  war  of  1705-56,  and  during  the  Revolution,  in  1777, 
was  appointed  a  colonel  in  this  county,  being  at  that   time  seventy-three  years  of  age. 

MIS.  Schroeder  died  in  November,  ISSl.  „  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  (-he 
mother   of   two  children   by  her  first    marriage,   one  living.    Dr.    Harry  Leas,  of 
-burg.    Mr,  George  Schroeder  is  not  only  one  of  the  old  settlers,  but  is  an  enter- 
prising representative  business  man.  standing  high  in  the  estimation  of  all  who  know  him 

ilr  18  :l  |""vh  -''  '  "1;1"'-  self  educated  man.  Early  learning  to  depe. n  his  own  re- 
source-, hi  -went  bravely  to  work,  and  by  close  application  to  business,  honesl  dealing 
and  hard  work,  has  made  life  a  success.  II.-  owns  six  houses  and  lots,  besidei  bis  own 
residence  and  -hop-.  Mr.  Schroeder  has  three  grandsons  and  two  grand-daughters,  chil- 
dren 01    In-  -on.   I  larr\    I! 

FREDERICK  8EIDLE,  proprietor  of  F.  Seidle's  Wheel,  Spoke  and  Bending  Works, 
Mechanicsburg,  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Penn..  October  in.  is-.'.,.  son  of  Frederick  and 
Magdalena  (Bergner)  Seidle,  native,  of  Wurteml.erg,  Germany,  who  came  to  Philadel- 
phia in  1835.  I-  ivderick  senile,  Sr..  engaged  in  the  produce  business  in  Philadelphia  and 
Lancaster  until  1836,  when  be  purchased  the  old  farm  in  Silver  Spring  Township.  Cum- 
berland Co.,  Penn.  He  and  his  wife  were  members  of  the  Mennonite  Church ;  Ihevhad 
two  sons  and  four  daughters.  Frederick.  Jr.,  the  eldest  90n  and  second  child,  remained 
on  the  farm  until  lie  was  eighteen,  when  he  came  to  Mechanicsburg  and  Berved  an  appren- 
ticeship at  the carpenter's  and  cabinet-maker's  trade  He  was  married,  in  November, 
18.)0.  to  Mi>s  Elizabeth  Stevenson,  born  in  this  county,  near  Harriaburg,  daughter  of 
David  and  Leah  (Shriner)  Stevenson,  natives  of  Pennsylvania.     Mr.  and  Mr-  Seidie  attend 


434  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

the  Presbvterian  Church.  They  had  three  children,  two  living:  Albert  E.,  married  to 
Mks  M-u  e  Ho  r,  d  William  D.  They  assist  their  father  m  the  management  of  his 
Wines'  Mr  Frrde  rick  Sridle's  life  has  been  one  of  activity  aud  tod  He  started  with 
»  ven Ismail  capi  a     b       by  1 ard  work   good  management  and  bones,  dea ling  has  made 

himself,  aud  which  has  a  large  sale  throughout  the  entire  West  In  1860  they  closed _tneir 
business  and  en-a"vd  as  bridge  builders  for  the  Government.  After  a  year  Mi  Seine 
t.   ra  £™       .ui«   and   resumed   the  hay-rake  business   until.   1865,    when   he 

record  the  spoS  and  lending  industry,  which  has  since  grown  to  its  present  great 

Pr°PRTTT°na  E  8HAPLEY  ieweler,  Mechanicsburg,  was  born  in  Hummelstown,  Dauphin 
Co     pinn     December  ^18]40    son  of  Edmunds  and  Eliza  (McElrath)  Shapley,  whose 

however,  as  he  commenced  an  apprenticeship  to  the  jeweler  ^^iTo   Humuielstown   he 

in  1862  Wliile  a  volunteer  in  Pennsylvania  he  was  also  drafted  in  Maryland,  ana  aimougii. 
MnMelf  a  so  e.  ■  uu  not  able  to  be  In  two  places  at  the  same  time,  was  compelled  to  pay 
SeiommSonnon Tccount  of  the  Maryland  draft.  After  ten  months^  service^  on  the 
rbsh-indmcnt  of  bis  company,  he  was  mustered  out,  receiving  honoiable  dis,  barge,  ana  in 
1863  looted  in  ShippeXrs  where  he  first  engaged  in  the  Jewelry  business  upon  his  own 
account  Two  years  afterward  he  came  to  Mechanicsburg,  and  here,  after  a  briel ypax tner- 
Sh?n  of  two  years  wi  h  the  late  J.  W.  Swartz,  an  old  resident  jeweler  of  the  place  he 
estVi shed°h  sTresent  business  in  April  1867  Our  subject  was  married  Feb ruary  14 
1864.  to  Emma  6.  Landis,  born  in  Cambridge,  Lancaster  Co     Penn    daughter  of  kwufl 

l«zens  of  Mechanicsburg.     The  family,  of  English  and  Irish  descent,  is  among  the  oldest 

of  the  early  settlers  of  the  county.  Pnmberland  River 

ROBERT  N.  SHORT,  physician,  Mechanicsburg,  was  born  ■ oi tl re  Ci m be    and  m ver 
Pnlnski  Co     Kv     September  (i    1831.  the  eldest  son  in  the  family  of  eight  children  oi  uiii 
ton  w   MaVy  (Tate   Short      When  our  subject  was  seven  years  of  age  his  parents  removed 
£  Lawrence  Cou   ty.  Ind.,  where  he  worked  on  the  farm,  attending  school  dur ,ng  win- 
ters     Thi°  and  two'Veiirs  at  Spring  Creek  Academy,  and  private  tutorship  under  Prof   E. 
F   Eatoi     con  tiui°ed  ids  school  advantages.     In  1850  he  began  the  study  o f  med  cine 
graduating  from  the  Southern  Medical  College  in  1853.     He  then  attended  a  fu  1  comae 0I 
lectures  at  St.  Louis  University  Medical  Department,  session  of  lboS-ol.  and^ «-mitntly 
graduated  from  Miami  Medtoal  College  in  1871:  practiced  medicine  in  Jefferso Pansh 
La     about  two  years;   went  thence  to    Palestine,    Crawford  Co.     111.   two  years,  later 
^  Spangvile.  Lawrence  Co..  End.,  in  partnership  with  his  brother,  V ■  esley  Short   M.  Dm 
861    moved  to  Centreville,  this  county,  in  October,  186!.  devoting  his    ,me  it th prac 
tice  of  medicine  and  surgery  until  October,   I860,  when  he  located  at   M.Uia    csburg, 
Penn..  where  he  has  since  been  actively  engaged  in  the  practice  of  hi*  Pjo^fbion.     u 
Short  married,  April  13,  I860.  Miss  Anna  E..  daughter  of.B°b%»nrdhhSa^nh5^ber 
son.  and  to  this  union  were  born  the  following  named  children    Sa  ah  T     bo . ^e«m^er 
11    1RR1    Hied  \  11  crust  7    1882;   Robert  W.,  born  September  22.  18l>->  ia  gi.idu.att.  01  jieciidu 

S«fett;s»<-t?  It1  IriSsl 

s"-i  rj?E.  'i-  wft^-iffi/r; rsaas  ,H%,rr?..- 
u«it"f.«^™BSSii".?po™b„i.jjc ,;yp«.,«  H»r~»«',£rjb°u°,t: 


BOROUGH  OF  MECHANICSBURG.  435 

the  "united  men  "  in  the  rebellion  against  England,  bul  did  no(  come  to  America;  hia 
brother,  John,  «  hen  a  young  man,  came  to  America  and  settled  in  Chester  County,  Penn., 
in  1788;  wasmarrled  hereto  Miss  Bridget  Montague,  and  i  urn  to  I  ambi  land  County, 
Penn.,  in  the  Bpring  ol  1823  or  1824,  locating  at  Churehtown;  a  slum  time  thereafter  he 
moved  to  (fount  Bolly  Springs;  he  was  a  member  of  the  Bret  Presbyterian  Church  of  Car- 
lisle   To  Mi-,  and  Mrs,  John  Sibbett  were  born  three  daughters  and  seven  suns:  John  and 

twins),  Robert,  Samuel,  Andrew,  Thomas,  Aaron,  Molly,  Jane  and  Elizabeth. 
John,  tin-  eldest,  born  near  West  Chester,  Chester  Co.,  Penn.,  in  1792,  married  Miss  Annie 
Lightfoot,  who  was  born  in  Maryland  in  1801,  and  who  moved  with  her  parents  to  this 
county  abont  1807;  he  came  to  this  county  about  181  7,  and,  being  a  shoe-maker,  made  the 
first  pegged  Bhoes  in  Cumberland  County,  making  his  own  pegs.  He  died  August  7,  1832. 
His  widow  died  February  4,  1857.  They  had  seven  children,  two  living:  Elizabeth,  born 
August  30,  1830,  residing  in  Mechanicsburg,  is  a  member  of  the  Church  of  God,  and  James 
A.,  the  youngest,  born  in  what  is  now  Jacksonville,  Cumberland  Co  .  Penn  ,  March  7, 
1882.  He  worked  on  the  farm,  attending  school  winters,  until  he  was  eighteen,  when  he 
began   to  learn  the   tailor's  trade  at  Churehtown;  was  married,  May  -HI,   |s.">(j    in  Mechan- 

io  Mrs.  .lane  Stroop,  who  was  born  in  New  Bloomfield,  Perry  County,  May  20, 
1884,  daughter  of  Conrad  and  Sophia  (Shober)  Roth,  old  settlers  of  Perry  County.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  .lames  A.  Sibbett  are  members  of  the  Church  of  Cod.  They  have  had  six  chil- 
dren: Robert  E.,  an  employe  of  the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad  at  Bridgeport,  Penn.; 
Charles  I...  who  died,  aged  twelve  months;  Curtis  A.,  a  painter  of  Mechanicsburg,  married 
to  Mrs.  Mary  Koser:  Harry  I,..  Kate  A.  and  Lizzie.  At  the  breaking  Out  of  the  late  war 
of  the  Rebellion  our  subject  became  a  member  of  Company  A,  One  Hundred  and  Fifty- 
eighth  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry,  and  remained  in  the  army  until  honorably  dis- 
charged in  October.  1868,  when  he  returned  home,  and  in  the  spring  of  1864  came  to 
Mechanicsburg,  soon  after  being  employed  in  the  quartermaster's  department  at  Harris- 
bur-,  under  Mai.  Richenboch  until  the  close  of  the  war.  He  then  engaged  with  W.  Y. 
ib  &  Bro.,  forwarding  agent,  who  owned  individual  cars,  for  two  years:  then 
resumed  his  trade  of  tailor  until  1880,  when  he  was  appointed  census  enumerator  for  the 
Third  Ward  of  Mechanicsburg,  by  Hon.  J.  Simpson  Africa.  In  1881  Mr.  Sibbett  was  nom- 
inated and  elected.  I>\  the  people  of  Cumberland  County,  prothonotary  of  the  county  for 

three  years,  Bince  «  hicb  time  be  has  1 n  engaged  as  auctioneer.     He  is  a  member  of  the 

I  O.  O.  F,  and  the  Encampment;  a  member  of  ('apt.  Colwcll  Post,  No.  201.  G.  A.  R., 
Carlisle.  In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat.  He  has  a  nice  residence  on  North  Market  Street, 
Mechanicsburg.  where  he  and  his  family  reside. 

PETER  SIPE,  cooper,  proprietor  of  flour  and  feed  store,  corner  of  Chestnut  and 
Simpson  Streets,  Mechanicsburg,  was  born  in  Franklin  Township,  York  County,  in  Sep- 
tember, 1829;  -on  of  Martin  (a  cooper)  and  Mary  (Freisinger)  Sipe,  also  natives  of  York 
County,  and  parents  of  twelve  children,  of  whom  Sarah," Jake,  Lydia,  Peter,  Leah  and 
Maria  are  now  living.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Martin  Sipe,  were  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church. 
The  subject  of  this  sketch,  who  is  the  third  child,  was  but  eight  or  ten  years  old  when 
his  father  died,  and  at  that  early  age  started  out  to  make  his  own  way  in  life.  He  went  to 
live  with  Peter  Wolford,  who  is  now  a  capitalist  in  Minneapolis,  Minn.,  and  worked  with 
him  at  tannin-  in  Fork  and  Franklin  Counties  until  he  was  fourteen  years  old.  when  he 

Churehtown,  this  county,  and  worked  on  a  farm  for  Henry  Lutz,  four  years; 
then  went  to  work  for  Hon.  William  R.  Gorgas,  in  Lower  Allen  Township,  and  while 
farming  for  him  was  married.  February  '.".I.  IMS,  to  Miss  Caroline  Wilson,  born  in  New 
Cumberland,  this  county,  daughter  of  Jacob  and  Sarah  (Warts)  Wilson.  After  bis  mar- 
riage. Mr  Sipe  learned  thecooper's  trade,  under  George  Chapman,  at  Eberly's  Mills.  Mill- 
town.  Lower  Allen  Township,  and  there  remained  until  1865,  when  he  moved  to  llarris- 
hurg  where  he  worked  at  his  trade  two  or  three  years,  and  then  removed  to  Wheeling, 
^  •  Va.  I  »ne  j  ear  later  he  went  to  New  Orleans,  but  after  a  short  time  returned  to  Har- 
risburg,  and  six  months  later  came  to  Bryson's  Mills.  Silver  Spring  Township,  this  county, 

and  there  remained  until  1879,  When  he  moved  to  Mechanicsburg,  where  he  has  Mine  re- 
sided, lie  and  hi-  wife  have  had  seven  children,  six  now  living:  Mary,  wife  of  Charles 
Murdoek.  a  machinist,  Mechanicsburg;  Sarah,  wife  of  John  Strasbauch,  a  butcher,  Me- 
chanicsburg: Clara,  wife  of  Joseph  Bricker.  a  retired  fanner;  Barbara,  wife  of  Sterling 
i  Mechanicsburg;  Ella,  wife  of  Peter  Stone,  a  tailor,  of  Mechanicsburg;  and 
David  L..  a  cooper,  residing  with  his  parents.  Wm.  Henry  Sipe,  the  oldest  son.  was 
killed  at  Fort  Harrison,  in  the  late  war,  in  1863.  Mr.  Sipe  is  a  representative  of  one  of  the 
oldest  families  in  tic  state. 

FRANCIS  H  STKICKER.  founder  and  rector  of  St.  Luke's  Episcopal  Church,  Me- 
chanicsburg, is  a  native  of  Germany,  born  in  Rothenfelde,  near  Osnabruck,  Province  of 
Hanover.  November  24,  1845;  son  of  Frederick  W.  and  Charlotta  (Nollmann)  Strieker,  the 
former  a  merchant  and  manufacturer,  of  Rothenfelde;  they  were  members  of  the  Lu- 
theran Church;  they  had  four  sons  and  four  daughters.  Francis  II. .  the  second  son  and 
third  child,  was  educated  in  Germany  until  he  was  eighteen  years  old,  when  he  came  to 
New  York  City,  and,  in  June,  1864.  entered  the  Classical  Institution  at  Gambier.  Ohio, 
for  two  years;  thence  went  to  the  Divinity  School  in  Philadelphia,  until  1871,  when  hu 


436  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

entered  the  General  Theological  Seminary  of  the  Episcopal  Church,  in  New  York  City, 
whence  he  graduated  in  1873.  and  the  same  year  was  ordained  by  Bishop  Horatio  I  otter, 
and  went  as  a  missionary  to  Hankow,  China,  where  he  remained  two  years,  learning  the 
language  in  six  months,  so  that  he  could  read  the  service,  and  subsequently  learned  the 
laii"iia"V  sufficiently  to  preach  to  the  people.  At  the  close  of  his  labors  at  Hankow  he 
traveled  in  China,  visiting  Shanghai  and  Hong  Kong:  from  here,  in  February,  1876,  he 
went  to  Saigon,  Anam;  thence  to  Singapore;  thence  to  Ceylon;  thence  across  the  Indian 
Ocean  to  Aden,  Arabia;  thence  up  the  Red  Sea  to  Suez,  and  through  the  Suez  Canal,  to 
Port  Said,  where  he  remained  a  short  time;  then  crossed  the  Mediterranean  to  Naples, 
where  he  also  remained  a  short  time;  then  went  to  Marseilles.  France,  traveling  overland 
through  France  to  Lyons  and  Belford.  where  he  visited  the  celebrated  fortifications; 
thence  to  Strasburg,  Germany;  thence  to  Mainz;  thence  to  Coblentz  and  Cologne;  remained 
in  Germany  visiting  Minister  and  Osnabruck.  (It  was  in  these  two  cities  the  peace  of 
Westphalia  was  negotiated.)  He  traveled  over  Germany.  France  and  Switzerland,  visit- 
ing many  of  the  important  and  historical  cities.  In  August,  1876,  he  came  to  the  Cen- 
tennial at  Philadelphia.  Penn.,  and  in  October,  same  year,  was  given  charge  of  St. 
David's  Mission  Church,  under  Bishop  Stevens,  at  that  city,  remaining  there  until 
July  1878,  when  he  came  to  Mechanicsburg,  and  founded  his  present  church.  Ihere 
was  no  church  when  Mr.  Strieker  came  here  and  only  eighteen  members.bnt  he 
went  bravely  to  work,  and  with  the  assistance  of  these  members,  he  has  built  up 
his  present  congregation,  and  in  1880  they  erected  their  elegant  stone  church,  corner  of 
Keller  and  Market  Streets.  The  church  has  a  fine  organ,  presented  by  Mrs.  William 
Watts  of  Mechanicsburg.  The  edifice  was  opened  in  October,  1880,  and  consecrated  tree 
of  debt  in  April,  1881.  It  is  not  only  out  of  debt  but  has  a  surplus  in  the  treasury  of 
several  hundred  dollars.  Much  credit  is  due  Mr.  Strieker  for  his  untiring  energy  and  suc- 
cessful labor.  _,       ,  ... 

JOSEPH  STROCK,  retired.  Mechanicsburg.  was  born  near  Churchtown,  this  county, 
September  15,  1805.  son  of  Jacob  and  Elizabeth  (Wise)  Strock,  natives  of  this  county;  they 
were  members  of  the  Reformed  Church  first,  and  latterly  joined  the  Church  of  God.  Jacob 
Strock  who  was  a  farmer,  was  accidently  killed  when  aged  seventy-three;  his  widow  lived 
to  be  nearly  eighty  years.  They  had  five  sons  and  four  daughters,  all  of  whom  attained 
maturity,  and  three'sons  and  two  daughters  are  now  living:  Mary,  wife  of  John  Zimmer- 
man, a  farmer  and  justice  of  the  peace,  Smithville,  Wayne  Co.,  Ohio;  Joseph;  George,  a 
retired  farmer.  Churchtown,  Penn. ;  Rachael,  wife  of  Jacob  Coover,  residing  on  a  farm  near 
Shepherdstown,  this  county;  and  David,  a  farmer  in  Clarke  County,  Ohio.  Joseph,  who 
is  the  eldest  son,  worked  on  his  father's  farm,  attending  the  old  log  schoolhouse  in  Church- 
town until  he  was  eighteen  years  of  age,  when  he  began  the  trade  of  cabinet-maker  in  New 
Cumberland,  and  there  remained  two  years.  He  then  worked  in  Carlisle,  New  Cumberland, 
Baltimore.  Md.,  York,  York  Co.,  Penn.,  and  Harrisburg.  Penn.,  until  the  fall  of  1829,  when 
he  came  to  Mechanicsburg.  He  was  married  December  24,  1829,  to  Miss  Margaret  N  eagley, 
born  in  Silver  Spring  Township,  Cumberland  Co.,  Penn.,  daughter  of  Daniel  and  Eliza- 
beth (Stoner)  Neagley,  natives  of  Lancaster  County.  Penn.  After  his  marriage  Mr.  Strock 
worked  at  his  trade  in  Mechanicsburg  two  years,  then  moved  to  Trmdle  Spring,  where  he 
purchased  a  farm.  He  came  to  Mechanicsburg  in  1871  or  1872.  and  purchased  his  present 
home  property.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Strock  had  nine  children,  seven  now  living:  Daniel  N., 
born  November  18,  1830,  married  to  Miss  Mary  Rathburn,  they  reside  in  Princeton,  111., 
where  he  and  his  brother  have  a  planing  mill;  Ann  E.,  born  November  20,  1832,  married 
first  to  Dr.  Samuel  Long,  second  to  P.  Vanest,  of  Ohio,  and  third  to  John  Mumper,  her 
present  husband  (they  reside  on  a  farm  in  York  County,  Penn.);  Mary  A.,  born  April  28, 

1835,  wife  of  William  J.  Shearer,   a  lawyer  of  Carlisle;  William  E.,  born  November  lb 

1836,  unmarried,  resides  in  Jackson  County,  Miss.;  Sarah  R.,  bom  July  26,  1838,  married 
John  C.  Reeser,  of  Monroe  Township;  Jacob  N.,  born  June  13.  1841,  married  Miss  Hettie 
Brandt,  and  after  her  death  Miss  Sarah  Gibler,  t^ey  reside  on  the  farm^of  his  father  at 
Trindle  Sprir 
her  death  to 


dren  died  May  -„ 

March  1  1859' for  his  second  wife.  Mrs.  Eliza  Bigley.  born  m  North  Middleton  lownship, 
daughter  of  Frederick  and  Catharine  (Snyder)  Wonderly.  Mr.  Strock  and  wife  are  mem- 
bers of  the  Church  of  God.  Mr.  Strock  is  one  of  the  old  settlers  and  enterprising  citizens 
of  Mechanicsburg.  _  „„  „_„.      „. 

R  H  THOMAS  was  born  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia  January  28.  1834.  His  ances 
try  on  his  father's  side  descended  from  the  Welsh-English,  and  on  his  mother's  side  from 
the  Scotch-Irish.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Lancaster  City,  where  his 
father  Rev.  E.  H.  Thomas  had  the  pastoral  charge  of  a  large  congregation.  At  the  age 
of  fourteen  years  he  apprenticed  himself  to  the  business  of  house  and  sign  painting,  and 
wall  decorating  which  he  followed  during  the  summer  months  for  some  years,  teaching 
school  during  the  winter  season.  Impaired  health  caused  him  to  relinquish  this  occupa- 
tion and  turn  his  attention  to  mercantile  pursuits.  In  1851  he  took  up  his  residence  m 
Mechanicsburg  Cumberland  County,  and.in  1854  was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Annetta, 


BOROUGH  OK  MECHANICSBUKG.  437 

daugtoeroj  n  ;nv  Kimmel,  Bs^,  one  of  the  old  and  prominenl  families  of  the  Cumber- 

i    a!p       Pwo  children:  R   II    rhomas.  Jr..  editor  of  the  Saturday  Journal  and  llfsa 

■"'.  i  prolific  and  entertaining  writer,  are  the  results  of  this  union     In  1859 

Jil  :.;:'::!"  I'l, fZS^i&u"? *<***%**  I geof  Pennsylvania  in  1868,  and  ao 

omcei    oi     he  same    n   1864,  serving  for   thirteen    consecutive  years  as  distric    deDuti 
n master .    In    862  he  was  appointed  deputy  collector  of  Interna    revenue  fo^the 

1i'r'""1  "  ennsylvania,  and  continued  in  thai  office  qi 866.     During  the 

civd  war  he  served,  on  several  occasions,  in  different  emergence „n  resummfhis 

Monday,  June  30,  1863.  he  was  appointed  a  special  aid-de-camp  bj  Gov  Curtin  with  the 
rank  of  colonel  and  assigne. lutj  in  the  (Apartment  commanded  bj  Gen  Smith 

i"    "   ,    f""     "'  blS  '','' :  '  Por1  Washington,  near  Harrisburg      When  the    '     ' 

federate  forces  were  driven  south  of  the  Potomac,  andpeace  again  rfigned in  Pennsrf 
iria,  'I"',  and  entered  u|,„MM,<i,„s-  ,;,,"■ 

chased   he  I  a  ,,  U,  mm  ,,,  dthe  nam :  the  paper  to  the  Valley  /,,!,)  -J    I 

L'  1S'-l",l",u-hl  ,'  "''<""'   V.>ll.yJ,,„rn„l.tl  rival  newspaper   and  e„  l„i;,h      I      ,,. 

offices  and  papers  underthe  nameof  the  Independent  Journal.  In  the  fall  of  18TC  he  es 
poused  the  cause  of  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry,  an  order  then  coming  into  Prominence  In 
this  state,  and  during  the  following  summer  organized  a  large  number  oV  d  ,  ■, 

^"f8'     l  I'""  »'"  organization  ol  the  State  Grange,  a!  ReaJL       \s:h  he ■  Z    "',,  i 
secretary,  and  has  acceptably  filled  thai  position  evfr  sine™     o/january       187 
of  II   "hm  i'  I  0l  "'"  /'"7""V>/""/  «  UUmo*  thforgln  of  the  Patrons 

ra  7.  i  ,?.,.il"i  S  S^SSlv  J°;"'":'1  "''  hi*h  ^harder.  extendeS  circulation, and 
rul  influence.     Impressed  with  the  idea  thai  there  ought  to  be  a  better  understand™ 

and  is  "now  ■    ,i     :  tl  'v      '         "       '"■""lent  of  the  State  Editorial  Association, 

anois  now,  ana  has  been  foi  several  years  past,  us  secretary  and  treasurer     Be  is  also  one 

J  Drutian  II      itzel,  who  was  horn  on  the  old  famUy  farm  in  Upper  Allen  Townshin  one 

£™'w  ;;,'''•  Cnt:r7 X ,st" ■•■■  d—;^ •>«  <w0popf .irotaZ!  ;^ 

irnmi.rr .,         p  °J  ,<".'nn:l»  °ngw  and  his  ancestors  were  among  the  first  to 

,r'  ,!  PlM8ylTl  Christian  H.  is  a  son  of  Christian  and  Polly  Rupp)  T?tzel 
Christian  T uZ  I  Tth  llhs>""",tl>-  /l""™1  John  Wonderlich  and  had  eleVenThildren 
Cw     V  ,i;t;;;lr,ll,1,lrll  .7»?   "orQ   »»  '»<»•"   Township,  now  in  Perry 

dora)T'itze?    He  waf a    I  ,   f ,      " "  y  *5?  "'  JohD  :""'  Mi"'v  Magdalene  (Hecken- 

Cum  berl  ,1  (■;,;;;  i;1;^  Mftg^^f  '"'"'  Cbjldreni  U:1S  '•""'^'  '—nnissioner  of 
taeve  '  ,  ,  ,,i  l;l:'";>s'>.  he  took  a  great  interest  in  educational  matters  and 
IMP  his  widow  i  e<  ,  ,  Vi^a  '  (K<'fo,""'1";  >"'  'I1'"1  »"  "'«'  "''1  farm  December  25, 
vJ,"r,.i  aiedOctobei  I.  1888,  a  member  of  the  Reformed  Church     To  this  eout.le 

«  MechanicXu"."  Pemi"  Mu'V\T^  '•""*  daughters:  ■'»''»  Mar.in  Titz'l  |,  'l,  ',  , 
Pi  t,     meis  |        "i  F-1",  ,     ,■  n  '   V88'0'  of  llie  Refo>-m"<'  Church  at  Lancaster, 

r'h;;;'™-K 

S^rrarm^tn^^^^^ 

re"8„old- hwhe5  ^  served  a  two  and  a  half  years' appn.t.ti,,,!,     *trf'       :       , 

nlme^tt&BrK?! ^'  brother^nd  carriedPon  business^ndeVX  fifm 

nana    oi   Litzel<S  Bro.  for  three  years,  when  he  bought  his  brother's  (George  II  'si  interest 

bu?hv  i.*rd:worT(  ■r,i  nn1iorne885l°Kne-  °»r  ^jecl  commenced  ,iTl,  SiSl'SSffi 
DUtnj  nara  work,  close  application  and  honest   dealinir  has   increased  bis    business   unti 

n  M.'    h  .'ill   ",',  :"-"n  "'I'   " '-"St  '"",,,,M"  ^""-k  "''  ll"""-i"  and  imported  fun/nun,   !  c 
.nd.r    i   ,  lr  He  also,  m  connection  with  the   furniture   business,  established   an 

undertaker's  esteblishment,  and  stands  at  the  head  of  his  profession  in  this  Une     Mr 


438  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

Titzel  married,  November  9,  1860.  Mis. .Clarissa  M &  Comfort  a ngveoi  **~g%& 
Penn.,  daughter  of  Dan  el  and  Elizabeth   B ..ugh   Con       t    M  rU>  110  Bon/Damel 

merchant  of  Mechanicsburg  for  many ^yeus      Ml  «J»^q  Mechanicsburg;  he  is 

Ss^^^^ 

!La  g$KW^^  1843-  Mr- 

andcfe»« 

&«SlSS«af.  Pen"  ^IfS  S!  P^^n11^^^^^ 
ton.  John  Totton,  bv  trade  a  shoe-mato  w  b  n  KmSS  when  he  was  brought 
the  English  Army  and  had  served  nine  year s  (.1  u    n    U "■  *J£n.  d  ,,eoume  a  citizen, 

to  America  in  the  war  of  1812,  but  refuse         hgh 1    he  A m ,  r can     i  Di,igburg  in 

settling  in  Dillsburg,  York  Co.^ Penn.,  where  he  was  ma .  'e°:  "  a  member  of  the  Pres- 
1847,  aged  sixty  years  am  h.swid  w  died  n  Jf f'J^^fwo'sons  and  four  daughters, 
byterian  Church.     The  family  tonMsttrt  <- ''"    '[■  ,     schooii10use  in  Dillsburg,  and 

Joseph,  who  is  the  eldest,  acquired  an  e  di  eat  m.     i   ah    1c   .  cii  went  to  Ship- 

then  learned  shoe-making,  and  renin  ned  id  his  im  vt  t„«  n  u  j manufacture  of 
pensburg,  but  in  1857  located  in  Mechanic       r,wl  k      he  c     age. .  ^  ^.^ 

Lots  and  shoes  until  the  brea  king out. of    he .late  «  ai   o  ft   e    Kt  J  ^      Reserve9,  and 

the  Cumberland  Guards,  which  became  Company  H   N  v<  inn  r  remained  with 

Mr.  Totton  was  elected  captain,  and  subsequu ntly  lieu  nan t  c <™-  .  d  heaUh  he  re. 
the  regiment  one  year,  ^en,  being  compelled  t.  iMiimwn 

ceived  an  honorable  discharge..   He  came  home   an  I  .       .u   1.  Cumberland  Coun- 

and  established  his  present  business.     In  WH  lie  ;V  ^      X-     s  nee  which  time  he  has 
tv   and  resided  in  Carlisle  three  years  during  his  tei m    t  < >mc e,  sir . e    vu 
reVded  in  Mechanicsburg.     Mr  Totton  married  at  Mkbur| June  8    ««J^-  Lydia 
Wagoner,  who  was  born  in  East  Berlin   Adams  Co    P  n >>-^au   "  er  b0„  ia 

(Oiler)  Wagoner   the  former  a  blaeksm.t  h.to  n  in  Ada  msCounty,  a  a  njne  ^ 

Hanover,  York  Co.,  Penn  Mr.  and  Mrs.  1<»«  «'  October  30  1849;  James  M.,  born  in 
ing:  David  E.,  born  in  Dillsburg.  York  Co     Penn.,  »J  too, ,     ' '    .     ^  livery  busi- 

assisted  his  father  (who  was  a  fame )  »»'"'  ,^  '^^Xii.,  daughter  of  Abra- 
Matilda  Mumper,  who  was  bom  in  Carroll  Tow  ship.  1  Oo  re °  ■  -  Mr  Undel.. 
ham  and  Mary  (Lerew)  Mumper    nat  yes  of  York  C . tj       *ȣ  Then  located  on 

If^ou^n^ 

Street,  where  he  resides;  a  two-story  ^^^X^ma^Xgehree  building  lots 
High;  a  two-story  bnck  house on .Mam Stree^ea^  he  t^alejo  .^  Q        ty  Kas„ 

on  the  corner  of  Maiket  and  iveiicr  omu  .  started  without  the  aid  of   any  one. 

and  640  acres  in  Ida  County,  Iowa.     M     U         u  st.u  tn  ^  & ^ 

but  by  hard  work,  close  application  tc 'bus..      >  -  »'  nuTer    'VcaVher    came   from   England 
His  Krcat-g^ndfathcr   A  exander  Underwood  ^^tV^fol session  a  cannon  ball,  a 
and  settled  in  \  ork  County^ renn.   _"":  ^        members  of  the  Lutheran  Church. 
le^^irWAGO^&Xo^wll^&  Sons,  leading  dry  goods  merchants. 


BOROUGH  OF    MECHANICSBURG.  439 

KechaoicsbuM    was  born  near  Eaal  Berlin.  Adams  Co.  Penn.,  July  17   1818     Hisereat 

":l r   aathiaa  Wagoner,  a  native  of  Ruthesheime,  Hohenzollern   Prussia  hud  two 

sons  who  came  to  America:  Jacob,  who  settled  in  Virginia,  and  Peter  who  settled  in 
what  is  dot  \;Tk  County,  Penn.  The  latter's  son,  Peter,  a  farmer  and  hot,.;  keep, .,• 
married  Miss  Mary  Arnold,  and  had  six  sons  and  seven  daughters.  Of  these  children 
Bamuel,  born  in  York  County,  Penn.,  a  blacksmith  by  trade,  married  Miss  Lydia  Oiler  of 
York  County,  and  bad  three  daughters  and  three  sons,  of  whom  George  is  the  eldest 
I  hey  were  members  oi  the  Lutheran  Church.  Our  subject,  when  some  seven  years  of 
age.  wen.  with  his  father  to  East  Berlin,  Adams  Co.,  Pen,,',  and  there  learned  blacksmith- 
,,,g  oi  bis  father  December  34,  1880,  be  married  Miss  Ann  Smith,  born  near  East  Berlin 
Adam.  County,  daughter  of  .Martin  15.  (a  miller),  and  Mary  (Swigert)  Smith.  Her  grand- 
frther,  Abraham  Swigert,  was  born  in  Alsace,  France  now  Germany),  April  12  1748  .ln,i 
died  February  34,  1813,  so,,  of  Jacob  Bwigert,  one  of  the  old  French  Huguenots.  'Mrs 
Wagon,  is  -ia„d„, oil, er.  Eleanor  Housel,  Born  April  31,  171,4.  died  A, must '14.  1828  After 
marriage.  Oeorge  Wagoner  tinned  to  York  Springs.  Adams  Co.,  and  worked  at  his  trade 
oneyear;  then  located  between  Dillaburg  and  Petersburg,  York  County.where  be  worked  at 
Jus  trade  one  year;  then  located  al  Dillsburg,  where  he  remained  engaged  at  his 
trade  and  in  merchandising,  until  1872.  when  he  moved  to  Mechanicsburg  and  here  he 
has  since  resided.  He  and  his  wife  had  rive  sons,  two  living.  Samuel  M,  and  Edward  S 
Samuel  M..  horn  m  Dillsburg,  York  Co.,  Penn.,  November  ll,  1844,  married  April!)  1871- 
BHasAnua  Bhnver,  of  Adams  County,  Penn.,  daughter  of  Benjamin  and  Maria  (Porrv) 

Bhriverfhave  two  daughters:   Cora  M.  and  Florence  K.).     Samuel  Warmer. of  the 

firm  ot  George  W  agoner  A  Sons,  is  a  memher  of  Meehaniesburg  Lodge  No  215  I  O  O  F- 
WUdey  Encampment,  No.  39,  Mechanicsburg;  Treasury  Integrity  Council,  No.  197  0  U  A 
M.,ol  Mechanicsburg.  Edward  Wagoner,  born  in  Dillsburg,  York  Co.  Penn,,  in  Julv" 
1847;  married  Mrs.  Man,,  II.  s  Dyson,  a  native  of  Dillsburg,  York  Co.,  Penn.,  daugh- 
ter ol  1  i •.  (.,  orge  L.  and  Eliza  (Eichelberger)  Shearer  (have  one  daughter.  Maria  S).  Mrs 
Edward  Wagoner  is  a  direct  descendant  of  John  Daniel  Duenkle,  chief  justice  of  the 
courts  ot  Strasburg,  Germany.  Edward  Wagoner  is  a  memher  of  the  Lutheran  General 
Synod,  and  Ins  wife  oi  the  Presbyterian  Church.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Arm  of  George 
U  agoner&  Sons  and  is  also  passenger  agent  for  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  Company 
George  W  agoner.  subject  of  our  sketch,  is  a  member  of  Humane  Lodge,  No.  843  I  O  O 
Ll  '"r.kCouuti'.  Penn..  and  Berlin  Beneficial  Society,  East  Berlin.  He  and  Ids' sons' are 
enterprising,  representative  citizens  of  Mechanicsburg.  They  carry  a  stock  of  $15,000 
amis  and  high  in  the  estimation  of  all  as  upright  business  men. 

HO.V  W  ILLIAM  MILKS  WATTS  (deceased)  was  born  in  Carlisle,  Cumberland  Co. 
t  en,,.,  August  1.  1808,  and  received  his  elementary  education  at  Dickinson  College,  Car- 
Usle.  Before  maturing  he  immigrated  to  Meadville.  Crawford  Co..  Penn.,  and  studied 
medicine  under  Dr.  Beemus.  Finding  this  profession  unsuited  to  his  taste,  he  entered  the 
?0a  ,  ,.  ,  Uldille'  EiKJ-  »  distinguished  lawyer  of  Meadville.  and  was  there  admit- 
ted to  the  bar  He  commenced  the  practice  of  law  in  Erie  City,  Erie  Co..  Penn 
t,?,i  ,':'i  n* otedtdls tno-t,a"orne?  of  ,hat  county;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Consti- 
ib-Vwi  ^"'nvpntion  of  1837,  and  also  represented  the  county  of  Brie  in  that  body.  In 
WS8  he  w  as  elected  to  the  Legislature  by  the  people  of  that  county  as  their  representative. 
'"''  """"""',''  ""'  legislature,  during  the  winter, .f  lsiiSand  lsiiO.  was  made  memorable  by 
the  extraordinary  political  excite, nen,  throughout  the  borders  of  Pennsylvania,  by  the 
outgoing  of  the  Httner  administration  and  the  incoming  of  the   Democrats.     There  was 

an  angry  and  vehement  contest  in  both  the  Senate  ; House  of   Representatives  for  the 

pol  tical  eon  rol    and  it  was  boldly  asserted  by  the  Democrats  that    gross  frauds  had   been 

perpetrated  by  the  Whigs  in  the  elections  to  the  Senate  and  the  House.  Charles  B.  Pen 
rose,  Jesse  Borden,  I  homas Cunningham  and  others,  who  had  bee,,  elected  to  the  Senate 
by  the  Democrats,  had,  in  consequence  of  their  support  of  the  recbarter  of  the  Bank  of 
United  Mates,  and  the  improvement  and  educational  law,  been  drawn  from  their  party 
into  the  rankso!  the  opposition,  and  encountered  its  tierce  displeasure.  Thaddeus  Ste- 
vens, the  reporter  and  advocate  of  the  obnoxious  bill,  William  li.  IU>-,],  George  Sharswood 
Henry  Spack.ua,,,  Joseph  Fisher,  George  W.  Tysot,  and  others,  representatives  from 

Philadelphia  were  alike  offensive,  and  thus  originated  the  Buckshot  war.  which  the  Gov- 
ernor was  induced  to  renal  bj  calling  out  the  militia  force  of  the  State.     At  this  fearful 

(  r  sis    .Mr.   \\  attS,  being  of  athletic  frame,  undoubted  courage  and  patriotic  impulses,  was 

selected    to    prevent    the    lore, demonstration     of    Henry   Spacknian,    Whohad    been 

Chosen  speaker _ ol  the  House  by  the  \\  bigs.      Be  encountered  vigorous  attacks,  and  lirtnly 

defeated  all  efforts  to  remove  the  speaker.  His  personal  and  political  affiliations  were 
with  such  intellectual  and  reliable  men  as  Joseph  Clarkson,  William  B.  Keel.  Edward 
Olmsted    Joseph  Fisher,  I -,  Sharsw Frederick  Fraley..!,,, <;,■„,,.  llcnrv  Carey 

Joseph  McDwa and  others,  who  laid  the  foundation  of  the  Pennsylvania  system  of  in- 
ternal improvements  of  finance  and  the  higher  departments  0I  collegiate  and  common 
schools.  To  the  intellectual  force  an,]  earnest  efforts  of  such  Philadelphians.  and  other 
conspicuous  citizens  of  the  Stale,  are  we  indebted  for  our  present  prosperity  and  State 
prominence.     Mr.  Watts,  after  relinquishing  his  official  connection  with  the  State  re- 


440  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

turned  to  his  birth-place  and  purchased  one  of  the  oldes t  iron-works iin  the  St^elong- 

ine  to  the  family  of  Peter  Ege,  on  the  southern  boundary  of  Cumberland  County,  wiled 
"  Pine  Grove,"  and  containing  20,000  acres.  Here  for  many  years  he  operated  a  forge, 
furnace  grist-mill,  and  carried  on  other  industrial  pursuits.  During  the  civ  1  war,  thw 
domain  Tying  northeast  of  South  Mountain,  between  Carlisle  and  Gettysburg,  became  the 
track  of  the  armies  of  the  North  and  South,  and  was  thus  desolated  by  both  Mr-  Watte 
cheerfully  surrendered  the  contents  of  his  mill,  the  provisions  and  shelter  of  his  house  to 
the  Northern  Government,  and  never  claimed,  or  allowed  others  to  claim  any,  compensa- 
tion from  either  the  Federal  or  S.ate  Governments  for  the  large  losses  he  sustained.  Dur- 
ing the  administrations  of  Gov.  W.  F.  Johnston  and  A  G.  Curt.n  Mr Watte  wa  u inti- 
mate friend  of  both,  and  enjoyed  their  implicit  confidence  and  affection  Each  relied 
much  upon  the  political  sagacity  of  Mr.  Watts,,  and  many  things  which  led  to  importmt 
results  were  advised  by  him.  He  was  unswerving  in  his  attachment  to  men  whom  he  be- 
lieve d  to  b lovers  of the  country,  and  firm  adherents  of  its  Republican  institutions  and 
the  t  ue°policy  of  Pennsylvania,  and  was  never  remiss  in  his  extraordinary  influence to 
define  them  against  an  assailant.  Mr.  Watts  married  Miss  Anna  M  Reed,  at  Carlisle 
June  2K  1*47  She  was  born  at  Carlisle  May  30,  1836,  a  daughter  of  Judge  John  and 
Sarah  A.  (McDowell)  Reed.  The  former  was  born  at  Mil  erstown  Adams  County  this 
State  in  June,  1786,  and  was  appointed  judge,  under  Gov.  F.ndlay,  of  Cumberland  Frank- 
lin and  Adams  Counties,  and  held  that  office  for  many  years  He  died  January  19  18oO, 
at  Carlisle.  His  wife  was  bom  at  Fort  Harmer,  May  21  1787,  a  daughter  of  Dr.  John  and 
Margaret  Sanderson  (Lukens)  McDowell.  Dr.  McDowell  was  a  surgeon  in  the  Revolu- 
tionary war.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Watts  had  two  sons  and  two  daughters,  viz.:  Saiah  R.,  wile 
of  William  J.  Rose,  of  Harrisburg;  Julia,  wife  of  George  S^  Comstock  of  Sauck & ;  Corn- 
stock,  manufacturers,  Mechanics!, urg;  David  Watts  engaged  in  iron  at  Harrisburg,  Penn 
married  to  M.  B.  Cameron;  and  Reed  Watts,  who  died  at  the  age  of  eleven  years  Hon 
William  Miles  Watts  was  more  than  ordinary,  both  mentally  and  physically.  His  mi  no 
was  cultured  by  extensive  reading  and  reflection,  and  his  heart  endued  with  all  the  graces 

*  ALEXANDER  WENTZ,  postmaster,  Mechanicsburg,  was  born  in  Jefferson  York 
Co  Penn  only  son  and  youngest  child  of  Jacob  B.  and  Catharine  (Troxel)  Wentz.  the 
former  a  native  of  Pennsylvania  and  the  latter  of  Maryland,  who  died  at  the  age  of  ninety- 
one.  Jacob  B.  Wentz  was  a  merchant,  farmer  and  miller  in  the  towns  of  Yort .and  Jef- 
ferson, York  Co.,  Penn.,  and  for  some  time  m  the  city  of  Baltimore,  Md  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Masonic  lodge  at  York,  where  he  resided  until  his  death.  He  died  at  the 
age  of  seventy-five  years,  his  widow  at  the  age  of  ninety-one.  Alexander  Wentz,  the  sub^ 
je^t  of  this  sketch,  remained  with  his  father  in  York  County,  Penn  for  some  years  and 
was  there  elected  county  treasurer.  In  1883  he  opened  a  general  store  at  D.l  sburg  but 
soon  after  located  at  Shepherdstown,  this  county  In  April,  1868,  he  moved  to  Mechan- 
icsburg, where  he  still  resides.  He  was  employed  in  the  internal  revenue  office  for  two 
years,  and  on  the  1st  of  July,  1885,  was  appointed  postmaster  of  Mechanicsburg ^  which 
position  he  now  holds.  Mr.  Wentz  has  held  various  local  offices  of  trust  in  Mechanics- 
burg all  of  which  he  has  discharged  faithfully  and  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  public.  He 
aided  in  forming  Mechanicsburg  Lodge,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  is  a  member  of  "iork  Lodge, 
F  &  A  M  .  at  York.  Penn.  He  married  Miss  Isabella,  daughter  of  David  Stuart  ot 
Maryland,  aud  to  them  were  born  two  sons,  one  living,  Annan,  born  July  14  18?/.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Wentz  are  members  of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  He  has  been  long  known  ana 
highly  esteemed  as  an  honest  citizen  and  business  man  M«.hiui 

ROBERT  WILSON,  retired,  Mechanicsburg,  who  has  been  identified  with  Median 
icsbure  since  the  fall  of  1830,  was  born  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  November  29.  1810,  only  euiia 
of  Robert  and  Susan  (Armstrong)  Wilson.  When  our  subject  was  but  three  years  of  age 
bL  father  (a  native  of  Maryland)  died,  and  after  his  death  Robert,  with  his  mother,  moved 
to  Harrisburg  Penn.,  where  she  subsequently  married  John  Wright,  a  tinner-  by  occupa- 
tion: b y  whom  she  had  one  son  and  two  daughters.  Robert  Wilson  earned  the  tinner  a 
trade  with  his  stepfather.  In  the  fall  of  1830  he  came  to  Mechanicsburg  and  opened  a 
tin  and  stove  store.  He  was  married  here,  December  22,  1831,  to  Miss  Saiah  Schock. 
Mrs  Wilson  still  enjoys  good  health  and  is  as  lively  as  many  young  ladies  aie  she  was 
born  iu  Berks  County,  Penn.,  August  6,  1811.  To  this  union  were  born  eight  children 
seven  livin-  George  W.  (married  to  Miss  Susan  Hoover,  they  reside  in  Mechanicsburg). 
Elizabeth  (wife  of  Dr.  Robert  N.  Short,  Mechanicsburg),  William  H.  (baggage  master  on 
the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad),  Julia  (wife  of  Jacob  Hurst  a  merchant  here)  Mary 
(wife  of  John  Ringwalt,  proprietor  of  the  "  American  House.  Mechanicsburg)  Ida  (who 
resides  with  her  parents),  and  Susan  (wife  of  Eugene  Gardner,  local  editor  of  the  Inde- 
pendent Journal.  Mechanicsburg).  Robert  Wilson  is  a  self-made  self-educated  man;  his 
life  has  been  full  of  activity  and  enterprise.  He  was  elected  by  the  people  of  this  county, 
in  1842  county  recorder  and  clerk  of  the  courts  for  three  years  discharging  his  duties 
faithfully  and  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  all.  He  has  filled  various  local  offices  of  tiust 
in  Mechanicsburg,  and  at  one  time  was  postmaster.  In  1847  he,  with  Peter  R.tner  (son ^f 
ex-Gov.  Ritner,  of  Pennsylvania),  were  appointed  collectors  and  general  agents  foi  the 


BOROUGH  OF  MECHANIC8BUEG.  Ill 

Cumberland  Valley  Railroad,  At  thai  time  business  on  this  road  was  conducted  In  a 
very  different  manner  tban  now,  there  being  no  station  agents,  and  Messrs.  \\  ilson  and 
Ritner  were  both  freight  and  passenger  agents,  collecting,  as  conductors,  for  passengers 
ami  freight.  In  1869  Mr.  Wilson  retired  from  active  business  life,  since  which  time  be 
ICting  as  administrator  for  various  estates,  lie  lias  lived  to  see  this  count  J  an- 
ianj    interesting  and  important  changes,  and  his  life  is  an  example  to  our  young 

men.  who  know  but  little  of  the  difficulties  and   trials  that  the   pioneers  of  this  county  hail 

to  contend  with.     Mr.  Wilson  was  a  Whig  in  his  younger  days,  but  since  the  organization 

of  the  Republican  party  has  been  one  of  its  strong  supporters.  lie  and  his  wife  are  mem- 
ber of  Trinity  Lutheran  Church. 

FREDERICK  WONDERLICH,  dealer  in  stoves  and  tin-ware.  Mechanicsburg,  was 
born  four  miles  northeast  of  Carlisle.  Cumberland  Co.,  Penn.,  July  18,  1888,  son  of  Fred- 
erick (a  farmer)  and  Catharine  (Snyder)  Wondcrlieh,  also  natives  of  this  county,  and 
members  of  the  Lutheran  Church;  they  bad  a  family  of  three  sons  and  three  daughters, 
of  w  bom  Frederick  and  William  (twins)  are  the  youngest.  When  Frederick  was  two 
years  old  his  parents  moved  to  Carlisle  and  kept  hotel,  and  two  years  later  (1S:(3)  came  to 
Mechanicsburg  and  opened  a  hotel.  Our  subject  attended  school  and  assisted  his  father 
in  the  hotel  until  he  was  seventeen,  when  he  began  to  learn  his  trade  with  George  Bobb, 
and  two  years  later  worked  as  journeyman  at  Carlisle,  Churchtown;  Landisburg,  Perry 
Co.;  Petersburg,  Adams  Co.;  Columbus.  Lancaster  Co.;  Allcntown,  Lehigh  Co.;  Cata- 
Bauqua,  Lehigh  Co.,  Penn.;  Staunton.  Va.;  then  returned  to  Mechanicsburg,  in  1852,  and 
that  year  formed  a  partnership  with  his  brother,  William,  and  engaged  in  the  stove  and 
business  until  1860,  when  be  sold  out  to  his  brother  and  went  to  Mount  Pleasant, 
Iowa;  four  months  later  he  went  to  Rochester,  Fulton  Co.,  Ind.,  where  he  purchased  a 
farm  and  engaged  in  agriculture  until  1865,  when  he  returned  to  Mechanicsburg,  but  that 
summer  worked  at  his  trade  in  Harrisburg.  Penn.  In  1868  Mr.  Wonderlich  formed  a  part- 
nership with  George  Ilauck  in  the  tinware  and  stove  business,  but  at  the  expiration  of 
two  years  sold  out  and  formed  a  partnership  in  the  same  business  with  his  brother 
George,  who  died  in  August,  1885.  Mr.  Wonderlich  was  married,  in  1852,  to  Miss  Catha- 
rine Hartman  (who  died  in  1858).  a  daughter  of  John  and  Susannah  (Messinger)  Harlman. 
To  this  union  were  born  two  children:  Harry  H.,  married  to  Miss  Amelia  Gross  (is  a 
butcher  at  Liberty  Mills,  Ind.);  and  George  A.,  who  died,  aged  four  months.  In  1860  our 
subject  married,  for  bis  second  wife,  Miss  .lane  Hartman,  sister  of  his  first  wife,  and  they 
have  two  daughters:  Susan  I.,  wife  of  George  A.  Edleblut,  a  painter,  of  Mechanicsburg; 
and  Dora  C  wife  of  James  Koller.  a  manufacturer,  member  of  the  firm  of  J.  B.  Roller 
A  Co.  Mr.  Wonderlicb  is  a  member  of  the  American  Mechanics  Association  and  Shire- 
manstown  Benefit  Association;  his  wife  is  a  member  of  the  United  Brethren  Church. 
He  is  an  enterprising  business  man  and  stands  high  in  the  estimation  of  all  who  know 
him.  His  family  is  of  German  descent,  his  ancestors  coming  from  Germany  and  settling 
in  what  was  then   Lancaster  County.  Penn.,  at  an  early  date. 

CAPT.  EDWARD  P.  ZINN,  dentist,  Mechanicsburg,  was  born  in  East  Berlin,  Adams 
Co.,  Penn.,  August  3,  1827,  son  of  John  and  Anna  Mary  (Beitzel)  Zinn,  the  former  of 
whom,  born  near  Dover,  York  County,  a  miller,  shoe-maker  and  butcher  by  occupation,  was 
a  son  of  Jacob  Zinn,  of  York  County,  Penn.  John  and  Anna  Mary  Zinn  had  thirteen  cbil- 
iven  sons  and  six  daughters— two  sous  and  three  daughters  now  living,  Edward  P. 
being  the  fifth  son  and  ninth  child.  Our  subject  was  some  five  years  old  when  his  parents 
moved  to  a  farm  near  Dover,  York  County,  and  in  1840  he  came  to  the  vicinity  of  Church- 
town,  this  county,  where  he  farmed  until   1843;  then  moved  to  Churchtown. 'and  worked 

at   -l aking until  1846,  in  which  year  he  went  to  New  Bloomfield,  Perry  Co.,  Penn., 

where  be  opened  a  8bop  Of  his  own.  He  Was  there  married,  January  1,  1848.  'to  Miss  Caro- 
line Sophia  Einepeter,  who  was  bom  in  New  Bloomfield,  Perry  Co..  Penn.,  daughter  of 
Samuel  Clinepeter.  She  died  January  1,  1852,  the  mother  of  two  children:  ( )ne  daughter, 
who  died  in  infancy,  and   one  son,  William  B.,  who   died  aged  thirty  erne   years.      In  1853 

Mr  Zinn  went  to  Philadelphia,  New  York,  and  Savannah.  Ga.,  traveling  until  the  fall  of 
1853.  when  be  located  al  New-burg,  and  worked  at  dentistry  two  years;  then  began  prac- 
ticing in  Churchtown.  where  he  remained  until  the  fall  of  1855,  when  he  I  cated  in  Me- 
chanicsburg.     Mr.  Zinn   was   here   married,  January  1.  1856,  to   Miss  Margaret   J.  Pisle,  a 

native  of  Hopewell  Township,  this  e ity,  a  daughter  of  Peter  and  Elizabeth 

Pisle.  Mr,  and  Mrs.  Zinn  have  had  five  children  (four  now  living):  Anson  B.,  born  in 
Mechanicsburg,  December  5,  1856,  now  proprietor  of  Zinn's  bakery.and  confectionery; 
Ida  E.,  bom  in  Mechanic-burg  November  18.1860;  Annie  M.,  born  in  Mechanicsburg 
June  8,  1864,  died  June  5,  1874;  Harry  I  .  born  in  Mechanicsburg  October  10,  1866,  at 
present  engaged  in  the  bakery  business;  Minnie  B.,  born  in  Mechanicsburg  February  16, 
1871.  Anson  B.  and  his  brother,  Harry  I  .  are  members  of  P.  0.  8.  of  Washington 
Camp.  No.  164,  Mechanicsburg.  Edward  P.  Zinn  is  a  member  of  Eureka  Lodge,  No.  302, 
A.  V  M..  and  Posl  No.  58, G  A.  I!.,  of  Harrisburg,  Penn.  In  politics  be  is  a  Republican. 
Mrs.  /.in,,  and  her  daughter,  Ida  E  ,  are  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church. 

HENRY  ZINN,  manufacturer  of  and  dealer  in  boots  and  si s,  .Mechanicsburg,  was 

born  in  York  County,  Penn.,  April  25,  1828,  son  of  Jacob  and  Lydia  (Newman)  Zinn,  na- 


442  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

tives  of  York  County,  Penn.,  parents  of  nine  children,  seven  living:  George  David.  Henry 
(our  subject),  Lydia,  Mary,  William  and  Daniel.  They  were  members  ot  the  Evangelical 
Church  The  mother  dying,  the  father  then  married  Mrs.  Mary  Greenwalt,  by  whom  he 
had  one  child,  now  living.  Our  subject  remained  on  the  farm  in  his  native  county  until 
he  was  eighteen,  when  he  was  apprenticed  to  learn  to  shoe-maker  s  trade  at  Manchester; 
thence  came  to  Mechanicsburg,  in  1852,  and  established  his  present  business.  Mr  Zinn 
was  married  here  in  December,  1853.  to  Miss  Sarah  Leidig  born  in  Mechanicsburg,  -Penn., 
daughter  of  Jacob  and  Catharine  (Ritner)  Leidig.  natives  of  this  county  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
ZinS  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  They  have  had  six  children 
three  now  living:  Laura,  wife  of  Samuel  Coover,  a  stock-dealer  of  La  Cygne  Kas.,  and 
Emma  and  Joseph,  both  attending  school.  Our  subject  is  a  grandson  of  Jacob  Zinn,  who 
was  born  in  Lancaster  County,  Penn.,  and  settled  in  York  County,  Penn..  at  an  early  day. 
The  family  is  one  of  the  oldest  in  Pennsylvania.  His  father  s  people  are  German,  arid  his 
mother's  English.  Mr.  Zinn  is  not  only  one  of  our  leading  business  men,  but  is  also  an 
honest   Christian  gentleman,  who  enjoys  the  confidence  and  respect  of  all. 


CHAPTER  XL. 
BOROUGH  OF  SHIPPENSBURG. 

J  C  ALTICK,  druggist,  Shippensburg,  was  born  in  Shippensburg,  Penn  Novem- 
ber 18  183-2,  son  of  John  and  Elizabeth  (Byerley)  Altick.  natives  of  this  county,  former  of 
whom  was  a  manufacturer  of  wagons,  plows  and  farming  implements,  in  which  branch  of 
industry  he  was  engaged  in  Shippensburg  for  many  years;  he  died  in  1882.  J.  O.  AlticK, 
the  fourth  in  a  family  of  ten  children,  grew  to  manhood  in  Shippensburg,  chose  the  drug 
business  for  his  occupation,  and  has  been  engaged  in  that  line  in  Shippensburg  for  over 
forty  years  He  is  a  Republican  in  politics,  and  has  been  burgess  for  two  terms.  He  is  a 
prominent  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.;  is  also  a  Master  Mason. 

JOHN  L  BARNER,  Shippensburg,  was  born  in  Juniata  County,  fenn.,  July  ID, 
1844,  son  of  George  and  Lydia  (Lehr)  Barner.  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  and  of  German 
descent.  His  maternal  grandfather,  Peter  Lehr,  was  a  soldier  in  the  War  of  1812,  and  his 
paternal  grandfather,  Henry  Barner,  was  a  farmer.  George  Barner  was  a  carpenter  in 
early  life  and  in  later  life  was  justice  of  the  peace  in  Juniata  County,  Penn.,  in  which  ca- 
pacity he'  served  for  thirty  years.  He  was  a  prominent  and  influential  citizen.  Ot  his 
nine  children,  John  L.  is  the  youngest.  Our  subject  was  reared  in  Juniata  County.  Penn., 
and  attended  the  common  school.  At  the  age  of  twenty-three  years  he  came  to  Shippens- 
burg this  county,  and  engaged  as  clerk  in  the  dry  goods  store  of  George  H  Stewart, 
where  he  remained  for  nearly  two  years,  when  Mr.  Stewart  sold  the  store  Mr.  Barner 
then  accepted  a  clerkship  in  the  Cumberland  Valley  freight  office  of  J.  B  Hurs  &  Co.,  re- 
maining with  them  nearly  two  years;  was  then  appointed  freight  and  ticket  agent lorthe 
Cumberland  Valley  Railroad  Company,  which  position  he  tilled  until  August,  1881  since 
which  time  he  has'been  engaged  in  settling  the  estate  of  Ira  Long  (deceased),  and  also  do- 
ing business  for  his  father-in-law,  C.  Long,  a  wealthy  citizen  of  Shippensburg  Mr  Bar- 
ner was  married,  in  1871,  to  Mary  Ella,  daughter  of  Christian  and  Hannah  Ellen  (Atkin- 
son) Lone  and  to  them  was  born,  October  6,  1878,  one  son— George  Stewart,  named  m 
honor  of  our  subject's  first  employer  in  Shippensburg.  Mr.  and  Mrs  Barner  are  members 
of  the  German  Reformed  Church.  He  has  served  four  years  as  justice  of  the  peace  in 
Shippensburg.     In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat. 

I  D  BYSIIORE  dentist,  Shippensburg.  was  born  in  Franklin  County.  Penn.,  Octo- 
ber 25  1859  son  of  Emanuel  and  Elizabeth  (Rebuck)  Bashore,  natives  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  of  German  descent.  Emanuel  Bashore  was  a  tanner  by  occupation  for  nearly  forty 
years  and  still  resides  in  Franklin  County  Penn.  Of  his  five  children  Dr.  J  D  is  he 
youngest,  Our  subject  was  reared  on  the  farm,  and  received  his  schooling  in  Franklin 
County,  Penn.  At  the  age  of  nineteen  years  he  commenced  the  study  of  dentistrj  and 
afterward  attended  the  Baltimore  College  of  Dental  Surgery,  where  he  graduated  in  1880. 
and  the  same  year  he  commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  shippensburg,  where 
he  has  met  with  marked  success.  He  was  married,  in  1883  to  Madge  L  Hartley  and  they 
have  one  child,  E.  Gorgas.  The  Doctor  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Reformed  Church  in 
Shippensburg,  of  the  Sunday-school  of  which  he  is  treasurer.  ,         •    „  • 

CAPT  WILLIAM  BAUGHMAN,  grain  dealer,  P.  O.  Shippensburg,  was  born  m  this 
county  May  22,  1829,  son  of  William  and  Mary  E.  (Fosnaughet)  Baughman,  natives  ot 


BOROUGH    OF    SHI1TENSBCRG.  IC! 

this  county,  and  of  German  descent.  Of  their  family  of  six  children,  the  subject  of  (his 
Bketch  is  the  fifth.  Capt.  William  Baugh  man  was  reared  on  the  farm,  and  acquired  his 
education  in  the  common  schools.  Ee  followed  agricultural  pursuits  until  the  breaking 
out  of  the  war  of  the  Rebellion;  then  enlisted,  in  August,  1861,  in  Company  II  Third 
Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Cavalry,  and  was  elected  first  lieutenant.  After  the  battle  of 
Fredericksburg  he  was  appointed  captain  of  Company  E,  and  Berved  in  that  capacity  until 
the  expiration  of  his  term  of  Bervice  in  1864.  Atthecloseof  the  war  Capt.  Baughmanre- 
tnrned  to  Shippensburg,  embarked  in  the  grain  business,  and  has  remained  bere  Bince 
I  be  Captain  was  united  in  marriage,  in  1853,  with  .Mary  C,  daughter  of  Frederick  Hep- 
fer,  and  of  German  descent.  Their  children  now  living  are  Mary  Irene  wife  id"  \V  .1 
Angli  [da  Ann,  widow  of  Walter  F.  Singmaster;  Lilly  May,  wife  of  Edward  Penster- 
and  Cora  Burd,  wife  of  William  Mifflin,  ('apt.  Baughman  and  wife  are  mem 
uersol  theChurehof  God.  In  politics  he  is  a  Republican.  He  has  been  assistant  bur 
gess,  and  has  also  served  as  chief  burgess  of  Shippensburg  for  two  years.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  orderof  K.  of  P.;  is  also  a  F.  &  A.  M ..  and  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R. 

B.  1)  BIGGS,  produce  dealer.  Shippensburg  was  horn  in  Frederick  County  Md 
May  i,  1880,  son  of  Benjamin  aud  Delila  (Groff)  Biggs,  natives  of  Maryland,  of  German 
and  English  descent.  Of  their  family  of  ten  children  B.  D.  is  the  fifth.  Benjamin  Biggs 
was  a  farmer  all  his  life.  (  hir  subject  was  reared  on  the  farm,  and  followed  agricultural 
pursuits  tor  some  years  with  Buccess.  lie  was  married,  in  1854,  in  Adams  County  Penn 
to  Charlotte  A.  Chamherlin.  daughter  of  David  Chamherlin,  and  of  German  and  English 
descent.  They  have  one  child,  Milton,  now  a  young  man.  still  at  home.  Mr  Bi.»rS  j,as 
resided  in  Shippensburg  since  1855,  and  for  several  years  has  been  engaged  in  dealing  in 
produce.  He  is  a  liberal  buyer  and  has  met  with  success  in  his  business  Mr  and  Mrs 
Biggs  are  members  of  t he  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  in  Shippensburg.  He  has  held 
most  of  the  church  offices;  has  been  SaBbath-school  superintendent,  and  is  an  earnest 
C  hnstian  worker.      In  politics  he  is  a  Republican. 

O.   M.   BLAIR,  general  agent  and  dealer  in   agricultural  implements,   also  plumber 

and  insurance  agent.  Shippensburg.  was  born  in  York   County,  Penn.,  March  1,  1848    son 

ot  1  homas  P.  and  Rebecca  (Ferree)  Blair,  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  former  of  Scotch-Irish 

md  latter  a  descendant  of  the   Huguenot  stock.     Thomas  P.  Blair  was  a  farmer 

by  occupation,  and  a  dealer  in  grain.     He  was  a  prominent  man.  and  at  one  time  Berved 

idgeoi  Cumberland  County.  Penn.  He  died  in  Washington  County  Md 
in  is,  ,,  where  he  had  resided  only  two  years.  His  family  consisted  of  six  sons. 'four  of 
whom  are  still  living.  0.  M.  being  fifth  in  the  family.  Our  subject  was  reared  on  the 
farm  and  received  a  common  Bchool  education  in  Cumberland  County,  Penn  \t  the 
early  age  ot  four*  en  year,  lie  took  charge  of  his  father's  farm  and  followed  agricultural 
pursuits  lor  ten  year-.  In  I*ti7  Mr.  Blair  accepted  an  agency  for  agricultural  imple- 
ments, and  continued  that  in  connection  with  his  farming  until  1872  when  he  engaged  in 
biepresem  business.  He  was  married,  in  1812.  to  Nannie  Gish,  daughter  of  John  Gish 
and  of  German  descent.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Blair  are  members  of  the  Presbyterian  Church' 
In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat. 

K,,IIS  )\,  B  CRAIG,  Shippensburg.  was  born  in  Dauphin  County,  Penn.,  June  22 
ot  Hugh  and  Rachel  (Boyd)  Craig,  natives  of  Pennsylvania  and  of  Scotch  Irish 
descent,  former  of  whom  was  a  successful  farmer.  ( )f  their'  two  sons  our  sub  ject  is  the 
elder.  Kev.  W.  15.  Craig  was  reared  on  the  farm,  but  had  the  advantage  of 'a  regular 
urriculum;  be  graduated  at  Jefferson  College  in  is:,:!,  and  in  is;,r,  graduated  at  the 
y  '""'■''"    !  I    Seminary,    Allegheny   City,    Penn.    He    then   accepted    a    united  rail 

trom  the  churches  ol  New  Bloomfield,  Sherman's  Creek  and  Mouth  of  Juniata  Perry 
County.  1  enn.,  remaining  in  uisfirs!  charge  nearly  eleven  years;  he  was  then  transferred  to 
Congruity.  Westmoreland  Co.,  Penn.,  where  he  remained  five  years; I  in  1880  came  to 


attending  the  state  Normal  School  at  Shippensburg,  Penn.  Mrs.  Craig  is  a  lady  of  cul- 
ture, a  member  ol  the  Presbyterian  Church.  In  politics  Rev.  W.  B.  Craig  is  aRepubli- 
can,  and  during  th<  late  civil  war  was  untiring  in  his  devotion  to  the  Constitution,  the 
Union  and  Frei 

WILLIAM  FEN8TERMACHER,  carriage  manufacturer,  Shippensburg,  is  a  native 

ta,  born  in   1834  in  Schuylkill  County,  son  of  John  and  Elizi ih  (Kutz) 

Uenstermachei    nat i  Pennsylvania,  former  a  farmerbyoccupation.     Of  thei 

ehthiren,  thu  i  i      to  maturity,  William  is  the  ninth  child.    Our  subject 

wasrearei  m  until  eighti  ij   ige;  then  commenced  learning  the  coach 

maker,  trade,  which  he  ha-  followed  for  over  forty  years.  He  make-  the  manufacture  of 
coaches  and  buggies  a  specialty,  and,  Bince  1866,  has  also  conducted  a  liven  stable  Mr 
Fenstermacher  was  married,  in  1847,  to  Maria  Ereider.  Of  their  ten  children  four  are  now 
living:  Cyrus  a  coach-maker;  Elizabeth,  wife  of  George  Pinston;  Edmon  S  am 
Ura.  fenstermacher  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church  Our  subject  is  a 
Republican  in  politics,  and  has  been  a  member  of  the  town  council  two  ti  i 


444  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

JOHN  J.  GETTEL,  merchant,  Shippensburg,  was  born  in  Franklin  County,  Penn., 
June  19,  1857,  son  of  Miley  and  Mary  (Weugert)  Gettel,  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  of  Ger- 
man descent.  Milev  Gettel  was  a  carpenter  in  early  life,  but  later  became  a  farmer,  Ot 
his  family  of  six  children,  five  of  whom  are  now  living.  John  J.  is  the  fourth.  Our  sub- 
iect  was  reared  on  the  farm,  and  acquired  a  common  school  education.  He  worked  on  the 
farm  until  he  was  sixteen  years  of  age;  then  clerked  in  a  store  for  about  three  years,  all  of 
which  were  spent  in  Shippensburg,  and  in  1876  be  embarked  in  business,  in  Shippensburg, 
as  a  general  merchant.  He  has  met  wilh  marked  success,  and  carries  an  extensive  stock 
for  a  town  of  the  size.  Mr.  Gettel  was  married,  in  1879.  to  Zora  L.  Hollar  daughter  of 
Henry  Hollar.  They  have  three  children:  Raymond,  Velva  and  Harold.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Gettel  are  members  of  the  Church  of  God,  in  which  he  is  deacon  and  also  assistant  super- 
intendent of  Sabbath-school.  In  politics  he  is  a  Republican;  has  been  assessor  for  two  years. 
C  R  HARGLEROAD,  butcher.  Shippensburg.  was  born  in  Franklin  County  I  enn., 
November  14  1847,  son  of  Jacob  and  Elizabeth  (Retter)  Hargleroad,  natives  of  franklin 
County  Penn.,  former  of  German  and  latter  of  English  descent.  Our  subject  s  grand- 
father John  Hargleroad,  a  cooper  by  trade,  was  also  born  in  Franklin  County.  Penn. 
Jacob  Hargleroad,  father  of  our  subject,  in  early  life  followed  milling;  at  present  he  is 
the  proprietor  of  the  National  Hotel  at  Shippensburg.  Of  his  ten  children  C  R.  is  the 
third  Our  subject  was  reared  on  the  farm,  and  attended  the  common  school,  and  also 
academy.  He  assisted  in  his  father's  mill,  learning  the  milling  trad;-,  and  operated  the 
mill  for  eight  years.  In  1875  he  purchased  the  Clifton  Flouring  Mill  in  Franklin  County, 
Penn  and  after  running  it  for  three  years,  sold  it  and  came  to  Shippensburg.  and  here 
dealt  in  horses  In  1880  he  imported  horses  from  Canada  (it  is  said  that  these  were  the 
first  horses  ever  brought  from  Canada  to  the  Cumberland  Valley),  and  continued  in  this 
business  for  two  years;  was  also  engaged  in  importing  sheep,  which  branch  of  business  he 
still  continues.  His  plan  of  operating  is  to  import  sheep  and  allow  the  farmers  here  to 
raise  them  on  shares,  and  in  this  way  he  has  done  much  to  improve  the  stock  of  sheep  in 
this  vicinity  Since  1883  he  has  also  done  an  extensive  butchering  business.  Mr.  Hargle- 
road has  been  successful,  financially,  ever  since  starting  in  business  for  himself.  He  was 
married,  in  1865,  to  Julia,  daughter  of  Benjamin  Kyle,  and  of  German  descent  Their 
children  are  John  A.,  Bernice,  Nellie.  Bruce  and  Clara.  Mrs.  Hargleroad  and  the  eldest 
child  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  In  politics  Mr.  Hargleroad  is  a 
Republican      He  is  a  member  of  the  town  council  of  Shippensburg. 

JOHN  J  KOSER,  M.  D.,  Shippensburg,  was  born  in  Franklin  County,  Penn.,  June 
5  1857  son  of  Jacob  and  Elizabeth  (Wingert)  Koser,  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  former  of 
French  and  German  and  the  latter  of  German  descent.  Originally  the  Kosers  descended  from 
the  Huguenots  Jacob  Koser  is  a  retired  farmer  and  now  resides  in  Shippensburg,  this 
county  Of  his  two  children  our  subject  is  the  eldest.  The  Doctor  was  reared  on  the 
farm,  and  attended  the  common  and  State  normal  schools.  His  medical  educaticm  was 
obtained  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  where  he  graduated  with  the  degree  of  Ml)., 
in  1881  and  the  same  year  he  commenced  the  practise  of  his  chosen  profession  in  Ship- 
pensburg this  county,  and  has  met  with  more  lhan  average  success.  Dr.  Koser  is  a  mem- 
ber of  Cumberland  County  Medical  Society,  also  of  the  State  Medical  Association,  and  is 
greatly  attached  to  his  profession.  . 

WILLIAM  A.  LUTZ,  Shippensburg,  traveling  salesman  for  Lewis  Kraemer  <S  Lo., 
manufacturers  of  cotton  and  woolen  goods.  Reading.  Penn.,  was  born  in  this  county  Octo- 
ber 1  1857  son  of  David  and  Elizabeth  (Brant)  Lutz,  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  or  Ger- 
man descent.  David  Lutz,  who  was  a  farmer  all  his  life,  died  in  1877;  his  father  John 
Lutz  was  also  born  in  Franklin  Countv,  Penn.,  and  his  grandfather,  Bernard  Lutz  (great- 
grandfather of  our  subject),  a  native  of  Germany,  came  to  America,  being  among  the 
early  settlers  of  Lancaster  County,  Penn.,  William  A.  Lutz.  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
is  the  eldest  of  a  family  of  seven  children,  six  of  whom  are  still  living,  three  boys  and 
three  girls.  He  resided  on  the  farm  in  Southhampton  Township,  this  county  until  he 
was  eighteen  years  of  age.  and  acquired  bis  education  in  the  common  schools.  JNot  liking 
farm-lffe  however,  he  obtained  a  position  as  clerk  in  a  dry  goods  store  in  Carlisle,  Penn., 
in  1875  where  he  remained  two  years,  and  since  then  has  been  engaged  as  traveling  sales- 
man He  has  been  successful  in  business,  and  at  present  is  the  owner  of  three  houses  and 
lots  in  Shippensburg.  He  was  married,  December  5,  1883,  to  Miss  Laura  A.,  daughter 
of  Henry  C  and  Catherine  Beidle,  and  of  German  descent.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lutz  are  mem- 
bers of  the  United  Brethren  Church,  of  which  he  is  trustee.     In  politics  he  is  a  Repub- 

1CaDREV  WILLIAM  A.  McCARRELL,  pastor  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  Shippens- 
burg was  bom  in  Greene  County.  Penn.,  August  20,  1846,  son  of  Rev.  Dr  Alexander  and 
Martha  (McLain)  McCarrell,  natives  of  Washington  County,  Penn.,  of  Scotch-Irish  de- 
scent The  Rev  Alexander  McCarrell,  D.  D..  was  pastor  of  the  Presbyterian  (  hurch  at 
Claysville  Washington  Co.,  Penn.,  for  thirty -five  years.  His  children  now  living  are: 
S  J  M  an  attorney  at  law;  Rev.  J.  J.,  a  Presbyterian  minister;  Rev.  Wi.liam  A.;  and 
Thomas  C  a  Presbyterian  minister.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  acquired  his  education  at 
Washington  and  Jefferson  College,  where  he  graduated  in  1868.  He  then  accepted  a  position 


BOROUGH  OF  SHIPI'ENSBURG.  1  |,-> 

?^™M  *  and  Latin, 

logical  Seminar,  al  All,  ,i„  „v  City  KWwW  Y  d  tae  Theo 

accepted  a  caB  to  the  c  m  ,     "  i,  ','„'"  £a£uated  ',"  l8"- and  in  the 

■  '  Ined  until  1875  when  h«  I™  SS Md  Cambridge,  Crawford  Co., 
Church  in  Bhippensburg.  0,1878  he  i '■■■■,  ir^ffi  ,''',  7'"  "'"'"  ""'  Presbyterian 
U»««*ol  Shipp'ensbur^   which  has  si  ,V  „  ,,  E£   ' '"".'  *»*«?  '"  ""'  P^^ian 

K.1^  "—•    '-' "  ^enVe^ri6,  Ma^ra^^g^li 

^SR5,tt^^S^SSfe* e-burgw     borninS 

Martin  was  the  sonof  Thomas  fi     ThL«M  a",,i  Marv  '  ry  Martin.     Paul 

of«ghl  therswhocu to  thfs SinSfcSS  tt£ X5h  $V°n  °S  Paul  Martin,  onl 

andaettled  in  Delaware  County,  Penn"  in  1730  ,,'),' ,',  £ela?d  ln  lhu  yL'"  1725, 
moved  int..  Cumberland  Valh-\       f,, ,     ,',',•     „  .,     i  ,  ,'  ""'  tu,,uly  of  eight  brothers 

and  in  about   the  v, ,ar  1 727  1,-1 V|)'|   wa re    '   „  , u        "' °ther*were  Presbyterian  ministers. 

°'in*  wh"'"  ti»T  wn,  ,„„■'  , ;  ;    w    '  ;,  p,".",'  ,"d  ntled  ?  N°«hand  soutS 

grandfather.  Paul  Martin,  a,„l  ins  '      ,1  ,         <    i   tV  &mi.ly-    0ur  Eject's  great- 

the  Revolutionary  war;  and  his  Ither  Paul  M  ,■  homi,s  Ma!'t1,n-  wero  botu  *>l«>'ers  in 
Jo.il.  Martin  was  marred  toLucindaO  I  .Mr  7?  '  ?°ldJ?r  in  lhe  war  of  1812 
and  the,  have  si*  children:  One  son  Thomal  Pauf  stuflri^ '™  V°Unty'  P?nn-  j"  lsii:i- 
Phvaicians  and  Surgeons,  of  Baltimore  ,  i  v,  ,i  '.  "''J'f11^™^!  the  College  of 
"I   the  State  formal  School  and  i,     1         ;,"'*'  k  wnom  Mar^°-  wagraluate 

Mr.  Martin  is  .  l^^.^^^'^aMaT^  SS"^  '"  P°Iiti0S 
members  of  tin-  Presbyterian  Church  of  this  plac"  elde3t  dauShters  are 

OK/RSjiu^0^^^^^^^*!!!*  was  born  near  Fairfield,  Adams 
Pennsylvania,  and  of  ScoTcb-K  d2£nT  Thoma^M™.  (5yMr)  M/rsnaU-  -"ives  of 
and  was  also  a  ,,r„,uinent  Democrat  e  po tici  an  D,  mi  m"  !l,  f^mcr  a»  bis  life, 
a  family  of  Ave  children.     He  acquired      s education  in    i.  Marsnal    ls  the  fourth  in 

Normal  School  at  Shippensburg  this  ,V,n  ,',,?,  lne  comm."«J  schools  and  in  the 
men.vd  ,h,  sunly  of  medicine  in  .  I,    ,ffiee  of  D,    Al  T  "'%"'  ,'"th(t':u.n  yeara  ll<;  ™m- 

entered  B.llcvuc  Medic  .1   P„ll,.,„.    \„„  v  .'  ,       dlir  btewart  &  Son.     In  1877  hp 

D.  in  L879.  -,1,!,::'  ^I,,  I^t^i  <fnUll,:''';'1  with  the  degree  of  M 
he  still  continues.  The  Doctor  s  a  n  ml  .,' of  r  ,  '  ,hlll{JIV'nsl,"r^  ""-  county,  where 
politics  he  is  ;.  Republican  6I  °f  Cumberla"d  County  Medical  Society.     In 

iu  i8!iJSSiKffi.fgS!iS-JSS  l']T7n  **»&**.  I™- »«  ^ 

natives  of  Marvland.  of   S.,,,,' 1  -  de'scen?'     He L'  tn  '""^"fana  (Sheeler)  Stewart, 

.1    whom  survive- «Dd [bears  the  n     ,"     I    ,     ''  a  fa,mi  ly  of  nine  ch«: 

Stewart,  who  emigrated  from  the  (Cnt      \  ,,,:       ?ame  °f . ni?  grandfather,  Alexander 

erick  County,  Md      His  f  u ,  ,-       ,.  ,    i    3  ^.ntrtrn,  Ireland,  m  1773,  and  settled  in  Fred- 

business  ma, i  farmer     Though  alSelT*9  IS  ""IV""  a'"'  became  a  successful 

community.      Bimself  a  ma,    of   m  ,,.  ,1     V  enjoyed  the  respect  and  esteem  of  his 

whatever  ^educaS  ^u£ZV%m££^V&  "^  f Ve  *"  h?  K"ild^ 
Mount  St.  Marv's  Colle.r,.  ..„.]  ~  .,,,.  ,  „i  command.  Dr.  Stewart  was  educated  at 
fcine  at  ^MbS^Bhw^^L^S^!  yea«  commenced  the  study  of  med- 
College,  Baltimore,  Ml.,  fr„M  ,  ,    .       ';  ,, ■      ,'  completed  al  Washington  Medical 

]"-»"-"  'he  Practice  of  his  pSn  S  ,i ^sbur.rw'l  erf.'  '?  mL  ^  """"  >'-' 
uninterruptedly  u  nil  the  presenl  time.  II, s  V  1  a  ni.v  c  ,,  »  cont,nued  t0  reside 
appreciated  and  be  soon  acquired  an  extensiv ,  1  i  '  '™  wf  V",ly  recognized  and 
voted  himself  untringly,  or  to  a  In- '„      ,       ,  ■ '    ;    l '"  nearly  halt  a  century  he  de- 

homes  ,„  Shippensburg  and  the  surrounding^ counTrv  in  min^T  l,"7l"1"'"  ',"  mosl  of  the 

cessive  generation*.   It  was  onlv  when  .,„  \,?r  '  ,u!1,rJ.  .m  many  cases  through  several  suc- 

°f  iiiSpI,.„.„„„,aidu,i,...  ,i,  -i .  .'       ;;; l-^''!'''u^,lK]'uu^M^'^oL^e 

a  personal  character  whi,  b  made  L2?S5StaJoS ^and  bri  v    ,'  ,"\"11"1":"  ^ki"  be  addfd 

of  a  serei Id  age  he  enjoys  lhe  affectionate         n  "  l    ■      'i  '  ''"     D0W  "'""'  retirement 

married,  in  1832.  to  Miss  Margare   (irai  ii       r  k,"  ''  "  '''""^ """■'"■     Dr   S"'W:"-'  was 

"ithoul  issue;  he  then  mwSMta^W^S^^tt^7UMd-i  "''"'  ,li"'1   in   ^ay 

Hajnill,  of   Shi, nsburg.     She  died IprU  24   18^8     Rv??'"'  daughter  of  Capl    <;,orf0 

children,  si,  of  whom  survive:  GeorgePB ^(who^ide^in  si  '!;""?''  ,h"V.vere  sevfn 
in  business  as  a  grain  merchantl    loT...  i-,.  V.    I         .        Shippensburg  and  is  engaged 

AI.-v1,1d,-r,.:1nner:.I1,l,rai..d';,.r    .,    S    ',    ',, ! "  ''?'  ' '    '|lw-  reeling  in    Chamberebufl) 

ticing  Phpioian  in  S.,fppensbur|  M»v  &  a  Twi?e  of  """^  '^'V''  C" (a  l»£ 
g?n8b»rg).  and  Charlotte  Louisa  (wife  o!jth§fl :  fSi« ^of  &  hl,Ml''-:'"  of  Ship- 
Stewart  was  married  to  Miss  Eunice  G.  JSSfifi  T&£1g& 


446  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

Shippensburg,  Penn.,  December  29   1837,  cl     st s  n ^  oi  Millinwood  Acad- 

towm  Qeo^H.  attended  the :  schools  in  ^s  ™^e  t  he  had  a  strong  desire  to  be- 
emy,  Shade  Gap,  Huntingdon  Co.    renn      r  < ra        ■>  in  1857,  when  he  embarked 

come  a  businessman.  H.s  first  impo t f  ^' ?  ^in  .  y  .!a„.(,  SUI.,(JSS.  He  also  became  in- 
in  the  dry  goods  business,  and  met  with  n c  h.  .  ^  W  .  business  outside  of  the 
terested  in  tanning  and  m  buying  and  selling  . «yeoted  his  time  to  dealing  in  real 
store  grew  so  rapidly  that  8lj*hl  *  <,"  became  interested  in  the  warehouse  and  grain 
estate  and  to  the  leather  trade-in  181  J  < .cam  business,  and  dealt  ex- 

trade  at  Shippensburg  since ;  win h ,  urn  k  „%«  siteVrt.e  old  Stone  Tower  Hotel, 
tensively  in  real  estate.  His  re.M. c  ^  s  u>  s  i. 1)assi„K  through  Shippensburg, 
near  the  Branch,  where  Gen.  Washington  stoppe  1   vu^     If  f>negg  raan,  a  gen- 

during  the  whisky  insurrection  of      ^    Mi.  St c      >'.   u  ^  and  Christiall  enter- 

erous  and  courteous  genlemam  and  ^s  a  liberal co^  ^^    q{  8hippen8burg> 

pensburg.was  born  in  Shippensburg,  t Ins  com  t  .  Ftl «  >  ;,  ^^ '  yof  German  descent; 
fne  Elizabeth  (Gessner)  Wagner,  twm«     "     '  i.  '  '     i?o.h,  aker,  and  carried  on 

latter  born  in  Hanover,  Germany.  Da%d /)^m  '^  '{)U\  at'ter  the  Cumberland  Val- 
tbis  business  extensively  m  Shippensburg  f m.  i y  J  cars. hut  ^  »  bugine  own. 
ley  Railroad  was  built  to  this  place  ^  embark  ..tie  „r,  ^^  ^  ^  ^ 

ing  his  own  cars.     He  was  ""^ ^  1        eleven^  ^  ^^  ^  ^ 
vember,  1845.     Our  subject  (child  bj    s<-.c°n ;    *'  ,       sak,sman:  subsequently 

schools  of  his  native  town,  and  early  in  I ft  «   s    mpM'  Bomberger  in  the 

learned  the  printing  trade,  and,  ir '  ^  ^  L  '8-,  'H  o  d  his  interest,  and,  until  1861, 
publication  of  the  Shippensburg  M w.,  n  18.,      c       iu  n  ^  hg  en,Uted  in 

was  employed  a  part  of  the  time  as  tiav  ling  saltsn  la-  .^  j  cornetband.  and  served 
the  Seventh  Pennsylvania  Reserves  a ;  a  member  ot  ^^.me  ^  ^  ^ 

until  it  was  honorably  mus  end  ou  to     a    cc     »  Republican  at  McCon- 

Bedford  County,  Penn     until  1866,  wl len  he  p urc naseu  *  firm  was 

nellsburg,  Penn.,  which  he  sold  out  in  1867   a    1     be  sam e^e  I     established  the 

formed,  and  purchased  and  are  Pu  »ll^;),',^'1  M  Wagner  was  married,  in  1869,  to 
News,  book  and  stationery .  s  ore  in  S hipp n^  !,■  *t  Shippensburg.  Mr.  Wagner  is  a 
Susan,  daughter  of  Mr.  John  Gisn   uu.  p<  s u n  geveral  termg>  and 

Republican  in  politics.     He  served  as  mem  be  i  o Ik >  sen. oi  u-  Grand 

was  born  July  31,1838  in  Shippensburg   this  coun i> .  nd  i £  the  J        .-.  gb 

family.     He  received  his  education  in  the  p ublic      "-  ^l  *  Knoxvllle,  Tenn., 

andin  185  3  learnecl.be  prm  ting  tra  e^  th^W  1  ^  at  ^  time  being  Parson 
and  worked  in  the  office  of    i      /''lei  be  went  to  Newville,  and  engaged  in  publish- 


tion.     He  was  married,  Decern he    -9   18BJ,  to  Miss  L.m  ^  Th       h  ve 

Dr.  J.  L.  Suesserott,  remaining  with  b        '   ,  j   ai  u;u  duated  in  1869.  and 


BOROUGH  OF  NKWVIU.K.  .|  ,  - 

»&g££^^i?2SUtt    ™«  Doctor  andwife  are 
Society.     In  politics  he  is  a  EtepubUckn  mnberland  Count*  M ,,1 


CHAPTER  XLI. 

BOROUGH  OF  NEWVILLE. 

^SSUSSS^SiS£S^S9S^R of  John  Peter  Affl,  who 

ffiSrre^p^L^e^ 

bure.   Franklin  Co.,  Pen"     \„  ,, ,      ■ ,       n  1  Alexander  Ahl  was  horn  in  Straa 

father's  profession,  reading  in  Watner's  offln?«,  ^Wenfly  determined  to  follow  his 
pfMaryfind  andin  Ww£ig?on  Medici  Cofe?* ^^pding  lectures  in  the  University 
in  ires.     He  practiced  in  ( v,  ,    v 1      iv,  ,  "  ^  t^S^Si  "ht»""»Z^  degree  there 

K'Sitr.;:. ;:;';:  aj  -3S£  ft—*  SmseSsrs  Us 

coo„i,„,.„[.  .„in,irai,iv.:„i,i  „  ,  .', J",  >  ; k,i  ,  m J  ",V"P,  ~!J'""J.  Be  serrcdhis 
bis  large  hu-in,  -.  inim  ^  i„  lvi    I  1  nevok-d  bim^lf  wi(h  .hammrisik  energy  to 

goodname.  "  t0  ,us  mdow  au,i  S011  the  priceless  heritage  of  a 

TI'.i:  AUGUSTUS  AJHLand  DANIEL  VAUGHN  \nr      t> 
of ""  '  were  originally  fr,,,,  it        u' ,     ■      V.  T,lle  Ilaternal  ancestors 

Ahl-  came  I  io"ttheSA&,'  "»e  grandfather,  Dr.  John  Peter 

Penn.  He  entered  \\  ashing*  ,n<8 '  ,  .%  "'  '"  ^ol"tlon  ;mi1  V"1-1  i»  Bucks  Countj  . 
of  the  war.  After  the  SSTm^S.pH  remained  as  such  until  the  dose 
he  practiced  medicine  foi  a  numbe?.     v  ■  are  "   ^Rockingham  County,  V,..  where 

dained  a  minister  of  the  Lutteron  Chu?ch  hi,  fi-w  £T€  "^cine  however,  he  was  or- 
remained  in  pastoral  work  unti lth-  in  ■  If  *  '„"'  a'""'  ,"'"'-  Baltimore,  where  he 
sons  and  thn  i  ,     „        ,  :l ',''•  ;"  :l"  advanced  age.     He  bad  four 

gr^uaied  from  the  schools  of  B"  M2£#  ^cinf  M1  Profession,^ 

where  his  father  bad  pra,  ;„,      t    .   '',  l";'rl"'''  '"Rockingham  County,  Va., 

and  shnr.lv  after  removed  „,  s,,,,'l  rg  ',,,,,1  in^ou^vtnt  M«*>  Nancy  EUen  Vaughn! 
about  ten  years,  and  then  removed  wTVt,    ,       ,  • ;  '  "*  Slr"''      He  remained  here 

lowing  bis  p^ofeisionine  ,'.,      '  '.^       "',7rrT-:|,,Vv'"'','',VN-r"vill,--IVnn--fo1- 

mainsresl  in  il id  church  v,n    ,f    1      p,    ,  5?  •     d  :lt  Newv>Ue  '"   1844,  and  his  re- 

and  three  daughter^    s.-,  ,„>  I  s  ,  ,  ■  ■     ■,'.«''  '^'"V",  "1:1*  1,1;"'"      ""  1('fl  "w  w 
Daniel  Vaughn,  Catharine  wSffiSa  toarted  Rev'  I  ^exander'   ,v"''  Augustus, 

Lutheran  Church),  Mar! ha  j,-tT.-r~, n  a  d  M  A  ',,  ii  ,'  Nrwman'  a  minister  of  the 
inNewville.  Samuel  followed  ,i„.  „,  , L"'  ,' '  ot  wl,"""  u'"'  rearedand  educated 
oJ   bats  largely  and  profitably  in  1,       ' '       i  ,  la",,r:.,","    '  :\rn"']  on  the  manufacture 

school-teacfing,  subse' ,,,1,-fu    ,     ,,,  ?!he  merean^e  bu  iT  ^"^  ■  ,'':"VV  ,-,"^"<l  in 

estate,  and  tinallv                        '  I.  n,  ,v  T,  ,  '  i  ■  "'  besides  dealing  fn  real 

cine  as  bis  profeLon.  practicing  S ^s^^  Se'vSJeTh^tow^  SPSftSt 


448  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

He  was  also  interested  in  the  manufacture  of  flour  «**^SSrSgtocSS&  rf 

represented  the  interests  ot  ^^^^%^y  ^^"ne  administration  of  President 
the  counties  of  York,   Cumberland  and      c     },  "•-        tllis  sketeh,  was  born  in  Stras- 

James  Buchanan.     Peter  Angus  us,  o, e  o ft  Is.  d         .  an(,  cho8e  lhe  occupa. 

burg.  Franklin  County,  this  btate  He  st,  u  1 .  -"""  (  U(,s  Ullll(.r  „„,  direction  of  Sana- 
tion of  druggist.     At  an  early  age  he  en te red  upor ^h s  8tud«M  noe 

uel  Elliott,  a  practicing  drugs  st  of  C. ii  M  .       >  f         rsult8.     Daniel  Vaughn,  the 

then  abandoned  the  profession  i n    eug.  g    lm  J  l  in  Strasburg.     He 

other  subject  of  our  sketch,  and  the  yo,     g  st  ol   t  ic  taj      y,  aQd  ^  ^  &ge     f 

early  evinced  a  natural  business  talent ^and  a  speculative nt  ^  peter_  h. 

fifteen  he  was  employed  as  cleik  in  the  stoie ^oi  n  Churchtown,  Shepherdstown 

town,  remaining  several  years  as  salesman  m  t  e> st  on ^  in jl  .        d  until  the  death 

and  Shiremanstown.  m  their  native  county.     In  tin    I, usmess  ^^  ^  N 

of  his  brother.  Samuel,  who  requested  1 1.     bis  b  rothe i  re  complied  with  his 

ville  and  reside  with  their  mo berand ters  M  irth. an      i  a  }  >     ^     ^^  ^ 

request,  made  their  home  wi  1,    be m  <       d  to,   them      the|remained  ,    ing 

time  the  history  of   he  l«o  bio  h  rs  is  uRnUca  «  and  successful  enterprises 

ried,  and  together  they  engage  d  in  a  gicat  a  )«^  originally  without  capital  and 
which  gained  for  them  a  celebrity  th'0"^?^v,fb°ldneS8  in  their  financial  undertakings 
entirely  self-made,  they  were  ch»racte'  zed  ">  »  ^ oldmsa  m  l  ^  Um  for 

and  a  public  spjntedness  in  their  ent I     s^s  «     «         °  Daniei,  the  younger 

daring,  energetic  and  successful s  el.  ^^Xiealing  and  speculating  in  venture- 
of  the  two,  early  displayed  an  in    mat ion    or  K  ^fc  ^  .q  connectlon 

some  enterprises      Their  first  la  g e     «     s     cc sst u  =  carried  on  an  ex- 

with  Charles  Beltzhoover,  of  Boiling  b,     n   s      enn  Continued  the  busi- 

tensive  business  as  dealers  and  shippeis  ofto  h  f  mules  alone 

ness  themselves,  after  the  retirement  of  Mi    B eltzl ... )«r     nc,    ic  ,         rchased  in 

amounting  to  as  many  as  BOO  bead  annually  Ttawr  stock  was I  prinmp  JT^  rf  the 
the  States  of  Kentucky,  Missouri   In  liana  and  1     nois      in  port  Lmv_ 

Mormon  war,  they  secured  a  contract ■f^^^^^^Man  of  the  troops  from 
enworth,  Kans u,  of  1,500  head  of !taotaa  mules^  or  th       a  ,       d  in  tne  state  of 

that  place  to  Salt ,Lake =  City.  These  ™  ^^nt^  1?stan«i  of  nearly  2.000  miles,  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  delivered  at  the  recnureo \  T,         ,       during  the  same  year, 

sixty  days-  This  was  their  fi^el"  ^  ^ke'  'Kak  O  crland^tage Company, 
furnished  200  head  of  mules  at ,  P  ke s  Peak,  .    li      s  e  amassing  a 

They  continued  in  the  mule  trade  until  t  he  I    e  uc mg  o ui  u  purchase 

considerable  fortune,  ^^S'toto  a  large  amount  of 'real  estate,  con- 
of  the  "Carlisle  Iron  Works,    and  fcqu  "ng   bis,  les   a  la  „  properly  comprised 

sistin"  of  mills,  farms  and  mineral  lands,      lhe  Carlisle   ir<  -   i  - 

somelo  000  acres  of  valuable  timber  and  minera  Ian  ds. T^^^^ujlt  the  works, 
use  before  their  purchase  of  it  from  Petei  F  Eg      ts  f o  mer       n  *  an(]  (he 

in  connection  with  their  brother,  Carey,  who  ne  m  an  line  ,t  ,      i       .  T 

ufaTure  of  iron  was  carried  on  byt^tegj  ■^^^*S,SSSa'Xn^  rebuilt 
purchased  the  abandoned     Big  Pond  F  ;     n'at    hat  place,  and  continued  its  manu- 

ft  and  established  f^tXfirtetf  «l^.dJoW»&  to  the  Phila- 
facture  until  the  sale  of    lie  pi,  .put .    «  tti  tnut  .i.    l  -[  lime_  aQ  interest,  m 

delPhia&  fading  Coal  &    ron ^ompanj      DamtU^wnai^  Wo]k^  pr 
connection  with  Hon.  Ih.iddi  >  s  bt cm ns   i  hi  memorable  invasion 

and  rebuilt  it,  after  its  destruction  bj  G tn  U  am J>^°  =  ,  penn  now  known  as 
of  1863.  The  Mount  Pleasan J.  ^^  for^nd  furnaces  "ocated  at  Port  Loudon,  in 
the  Kichmond  Furnaces,  and  the  Beave    forg  s  and  iurnace.  .       }  quantities 

the  same  county,  were  purchased  a, id  r cbu  It  b>    he  m.     au  ^  a^lated  and,  with 

of  iron  ore  on  these  V™V™Ues™™Zllhe  constructional  the  Southern  Pennsylvania 
other  capitalists,  earned  to  com]  le  ion  thee  on  s  r  u  ^^n  °       Q  d  COIlnecting  with 

Railroad,  having  its  temnnus  a  t> oimt  "■  n  '"  T,0^ashort  Le  was  a  link  of  the 

the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad  at  U  .  m b u       V      '  \'o    of  ,he  State  from  Harrisburg 
great  route  projected  by  them    hrough  the  m  .then  pomon  ot  the  o  te^inusbei      Pitt 
westwardly,  connecting  with  tie  Cm      IN  ;  '  '•.,',  ^   Iro„  Cl)mpanv.  with  Daniel 

burgh.     It  was  originally known .as ^th    Mi  .     a,  KaUroad  v  Antagonism  .of  its 

as  its  president.     The  undertaking  was.    .         n  e  ei .       ^  „     h  as  it  waa 

rival,  the  powerful  Penu^auia  .^SZ  the  present  South  Pennsylvania  or  Van- 
practically  the  same  ^^^X^l  uZ-  manufacturers  of  iron  for  a  number 
derbilt  Trunk  Line.     At  t;u  .^lrks,  wUh  a  lanre  amount  of  ore  lands,  to  the 

of  years,  but  they  finally <  lsi    s  d^ o    t  Daniel  bein?  one  of  its  officers.     They 

Southern  Pennsylvania  «"*»« l&  Iron     on        J^  in  thse  city  0f  Harrisburg  now 

also  acquired  and  rebuilt    1  e      d  b  n .    i    y  Antietam  Furnaces,  in  Mary- 

owned  by  the  «r  manufacturing  companj  otm. .t  t  5  chased  and  rebuilt  by  them 

Sa^SfeW^So^c^^te  a  numbe?  of  years.     They  also  acquired 


BOROUGH  OF  HEWVILLE.  I  (<> 

,'1"1  ■■■-  of  valuable  ore  lands  adjoining  these  works  in  the  State    of  Maryland  and 
Virginia,  which  they  operated  in  connection  with   the  mineral  lands  purchased  of  the 

United  States  Government,  at  Earner's  Perry,  the  whole  comprising  al I  2,500    m 

""'  Mammoth  Ore  Banks,  al  Cleversburg.  and  many  other  rich  and  valuabh  land 
were  owned  and  controlled  by  them  during  their  active  operations  in   the  iron  trade  in 

;>:>■  th« development   of  which  led  to  i ganization  of  the  Caledonia  Iron 

LandjS  Railroad  Company,  and  sub lentlj  merged  into  the  Harrisburs  A    Pol ac 

Daniel  was  its  principal  projector  and  its  president,  while  to  Peter  belongs  the  honor  of 

it-  construction    the  rot ung  practically  owned  and  controlled  by  them.     Upon    the 

completion  ol  the  railroad  their  various  ore  lands  in  its  vicinity  became  very  valuable 
and  large  quanta,^  were  disposed  of  to  the  Philadelphia  .V-  Reading  Coal  &lron  Com- 

,h";ri,:"i  i  ",      iV-i'",    r,:"(V"i!'a'^-"r  Ca,tas »">  l'""i      '""'  ™ad  "»*  eventually 

absorbed  by  the  Philadelphia*  rteading,  and  is  now  owned  and  operated  by  that  com- 
pany with  bamel  as  one  ol  its  directors.  In  connection  with  railroads  they  have  also  he 
honor o    being  the  projectors  ol  the  Fork  Springs  Railroad,  and  of  exerting  a  considera 

'1"l;,;',v    ,'""  l'"';"";n  :l,";1  construction  of  the  Western  Maryland  extension  into  the 

Cumberland  Valley,  which  adds  so  materially  to  the  manufacturing  interests  of  Waynes 

boro  and  the  prosperity  pi   the  other  towns  and  the  valley  through  whirl,  it  pises 

Uunng  thewarihey  furnished  large  supplies  of  various  kinds  to  the  Government  and' 

»  section  with  \\  illiam  Calder.of  Harrisburg,  large  numbers  of  horses  and  mules  at  one 
time  furnishing  a  number  of  horses  to  Gen  Averill'1  command,  while  engaged  in  active 
.M",-:,,,,-.,,,,,,,  Seldat  CulpeperC.  B  Va.  This  achievement  gained^  olnie  III 
btleol  colonel,  by  which  he  was  ever  alter  familiarly  know,,.  Ddring  the  darkest  days 
ot  the  Rebellion,  when  the  integrity  and  financial  condition  of  the  Government  was  In 
doubt,  and  when  other  prominent  and  leading  contractors  refused,  they  undertook  and 
furnished I  the  army  1,006  horses  and  1,000  mulls  in  less  than  thirty  days7time  Being  of 
a  speculative  nature,  possessing  unusual  sagacity,  shrewdness  and'foresightedness  in  their 
enterprising  projects  they  secured  and  controlled  large  quantities  of  real  estate  hie 
counties  rf  Cumberland,  Franklin.  Ada,,,,.  Fork,  Huntingdon,  Clinton  Pulton  and 
Perry,  and  the  adjoining. States  Of  Maryland  and  Virginia,  also  valuable  lands  in  Minue 
sola.  Thej  Here  extensively  engaged  in  the  manuracture  of  straw  hoard  paper  and  pos- 
sessed large  milling  interests  ,„  various  pans  of  the  country.    The  "Tyboyne  Tannery  » 

"'>  ,  p  ""  V'1  M''!'  "as  "Plated  >'.v  '"em  a  number  of  years  quite  profitably. 

In,|ano,,.lo,lli,n^,ap,  VVhite  Sulphur  ancf  Chalybeate  Springs  in  Cumberland  Con* 
,  ■'■■   i,   JV  '  PORnI"  summer  resort,  largely  patronized  on  account  of  the  nat- 

ural beautj  ot  the  surroundings  and  its  healthy  and  delightful  location.  They  also  have 
fl  T.T,',  hnn'n'n  -"   "'"  .,'",'"'"-';,i'."11  Valley  Fruit  Farm  adjoining,  which  haTbeenbeauti 

fled^the  buildings  repaired  and   is  a  valuable   acquisition   and   desirable   annex   to    these 


springs 


msrShH  '  '"'  "  "'"r  early  hnm"-  tlleir  residence  now  and  during  their  re- 
markable business  career,  has  not  escaped  then-  enterprising  spirit.  The  old  hotel  prop- 
er, at    he  railroad  station,  with  the  land  adjoining,  was  purchased  by  Peter.    He  rebuilt 

'' '">"'   :""1  enlarged  It,  and  made  it  as  comm ous  as  any  in  the  valley     The  lands 

a    he  station  and  the  town  were  laid  out  in  lots;  and  aWiful   street,  with  S 
'         ',    "'  "S  Sides,  and    adorned    by  large   and  spacious  mansions    and    the  neat 

and  attractive  residences  o  the  town  business  men  and  a  stately  church  edifice.  This 
most  beauufu  town  „  ,w  akes  the  place  of  what  was  before  broken  hills  and  pasture 
binds  rehouses  and  dwellings  were  erected  by  then,  around  the  railroad  station,  and 
their  numerous  farms  surrounding  the  town  were  all  handsomely  improved  by  the  remod- 
eling and  construction  of  elegant  residences  and  large  and  commodious  barnS  The!  e  - 
terprising  spirit  ye,  manifests  itself,  for.  having  attained  to  that  age  that  they  should 

Xw  n,       T  ^'' nM  ^  ^ 

tv  v t.,  I)  ,','iVi,,  ;  i'  '<""  """'  y  :"v  ' 'n-:'-"'1  in  Pro-i^tingB  railroad  from  Perry  Coun- 
ty via  Doubling  Gap  8pnng8,  to  connect  with  the  Cumberland  Valley,  Western  Maryland 

'     n'mv'    '     ','!"""  v:""il  l£l,ilr"1"1<:     Notwithstanding  ,1 tcupati f  their  minds 

„  ■„  ■    enterprises   gigantic  in    their    nature   and    wonderful    in    their   results. 

h»,   .,  V      ,     ,"  .      ""  '"',""  "'"■'"  "'  tbese  undertakings,  a  reflect m  their  mortality 

.i„hn    t     t    '•"  "  "'"'  '",'','"  ^gotten.     A  large,  beautiful  and  costly  monument,  & 

v   hTmhtiV"'' ,  i',|'-,',l';n',''''1  '•'  :!  0gUkre  °f  Fui"''  "ting heavenward,  has  bee,,  erected 

07  them  in  the  old  1  resbytenan  church-yard  underneath  which  lie  the  remains  of  their 

,u     b  v    f'  "'""'"r"  ««>tlier  and  two  affectionate  sisters,  and  where.  i„  due  course 

«nH      it      •     \         '"'      repof?  '" ,'."':"'''  beneath  »*■  B  ,i,tinK  monument  to  their  genius 

markal!]'.  mell        commemorative  history  of  the  lives  of  these  two  enterprising  and  re- 

,r,.nti(!"X  i!l;UV.  "Alvn)SnN"-,,i'"k.'-!">l'i'-'-.  N'-wvili...  The  great-grandfather  of  this 
*TW  i  ,"■  "  Da',d80°:  ^M  one  of  the  first  to  take  up  land  in  West  Pennsborough 
lownship  tins  county.    His  farm  is  stil   in  possession  of  a  descendant,  .fames  A    David- 

r  H  ,  't'rV  :;,rv'"  '  '  '  a5dJ.d,ld  '"  im  Hi-  Bon  J">'"-  "'as  bo,„  i„  1772;  was  mar- 
ried to  Elizabeth  Young,  and  dnd  in  1810,  his  widow  dying  in   1833;   they  had  five  ehil- 


450  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

dren  ■  Eleanor,  John  Young,  Samuel,  Nancy  and  William  Of  these,  Samuel  was  born 
Ani Ml' 20  1804  and  after  getting  such  education  as  the  schools  of  that  day  afforded  he  went 
to  Garfish-  learning  the  trade  of  a  tanner  with  Andrew  Blair  Mastering  the  trade  he  came 
toNewvil'le,  and  worked  in  a  tannery,  which  he  soon  bought,  and  ran  for  a  number  of 
vears  An  upright,  generous  man  he  often  helped  others  to  his  own .detriment.  October  19, 
lm  San  i"  >avidso„  married  Catherine  Leckey,  horn  May  21,  807,  daughter  of  Alexander 
Leclcv  of  West  Peunsl,,. rough  Township,  this  county.  .To  this  union  were  born  three 
children  Alexander  Leckey  (deceased  in  1852);  John  Blair;  an d  Elizabeth  A.  (residing  in 
Newville)  Mr.  Davidson  died  in  August,  1880,  his  wife  in  April  of  the  same  year.  For 
forty  our  years  he  was  an  elder  in  the  Big  Spring  Presbyterian  Church  John  Blair 
n  vidson  was  horn  December  24,  1833,  in  Newville,  Penn.  He  completed  his  education 
S  JeffeisJn  Colk'ge  Washington  County,  Penn.,  graduating  in  1852,  and  taught  school 
•  for  ton  years  at  the  end  of  which  time  he  went  into  the  quartermaster  department,  at 
Washington  or  live  and  a  half  years,  where  he  learned  those  methodical  halms  which  have 
done  so  muei  to  make  him  successful.  In  1869  he  returned  to  Newville.  and  entered  the 
First  \-itioni  Bank  and  in  1882  was  promoted  to  the  responsible  position  of  cashier. 
In  Octobe  1857  1  e  married  Margaret  Ellen,  daughter  of  William  Burns.de,  of  Centre 
County,  Penn.  one  of  which  family,  Thomas,  was  judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Penn- 
sylvania. They  have  one  son,  Samuel  A.,  born  in  October,  1860  who-  lives  with  his 
Parents  The  family  are  all  members  of  Big  Spring  Presbyterian  Church.  Mr.  David- 
son 7s .characterized  by  straightforward,  unremitting  attention  to  his  responsible  duties, 
which  he  discharges  in  a  manner  eminently  satisfactory  to  the  directors  and  to  all  with 

Wh°Wu!LIAMUMh  DAVIDSON'(deceased)  was  a  descendant  of  the  Davidson  family  who 
settled  in  West  Peunsborough  Township,  this  county,  where  they  took  up  a  tract  of   and 
in  1750  still  owned  by  A.  Davidson.     John,  grandfather  of  William  M.,  was  born  in  1743 
and died   n ISM      lie  married,  when  quite  young,  a  Miss  Graham,  who  died,  leaving  four 
ch   dren.     His  second  wife  was  Mrs.  Lacey  Sterrett.  who  had  been  a  Miss  Laugh  m  of  an 
old  and  widely  known  family.    They  had  live  children,  one  of  whom,  named  \\  ill  am  was 
the  father  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch.     William  Davidson  was  born  December  23,  1788; 
w^s  n     r  ea   Nvemier  3,  1814.  to  Miss  Mary  Miller,  born  November  19,  1791    and  had  the 
Follow!    ■  c hih   en John'  Laughlin,  born  November  10,  1816,  died  February  8, 1837;  Elea- 
rmr  born  Seutember  27    1818   died  September  2,  1838;  Mary  Jane,  born  May  9,  1823,  died 
to  Ju^e  1845;  William  Miller,   bom  'November  19,  1820,  died  March  8,  1863       William 
Miller  Davidson  was  married  October  28,  1845,  to  Miss  Margaret  Eleanor  daughter  rf 
Dr  William  M  Tsee  sketch  of  Alexander  Brady  Sharpe.  page  394]  and  Jane  (Wi  son)  Sharp, 
the  Htter  a  dau-ntcr  of  Rev.  Samuel  Wilson,  pastor  of  Big  Spring  Church  Newville, 
for  fifteen  years   and  who  died,  while  pastor,  March  4.  1799.     Dr.  William  M   Sharp  was 
born  July  23   1798  died  August  20,  1835;   his  widow  was  born  December  3,  1/94,  and  died 
Junea? .1876.     Besides  Margaret  Eleanor  Air.  and  Mrs.  Sharp  had  three  sons     Samuel 
Wilson  born  March  27.  1822,  died  December  6.  1877;  Alexander  Elder,  born  March  27, —, 
died  Decembe. -13.  I860;  Joshua  Williams,  bom   May  24,  1831,  died  in  Jaffa,  Palestine 
AD  il  7    1881    and  was   buried  in  the  Protestant  Cemetery  there.     William  M    Dmdm 
and  wife  had  three  children,  all  now  living;  Jane  Wilson  and  Mary  Miller  who  live  with 
he  i   mother        Newville,  and  Oliver  Cromwell,  who  was  born  January  27,  1856,  married 
Somber.  1879,  to  Miss  Mary  C  daughter  of  William  Mills  Glenn    have ,one chdd) 
and  live  in  West  Pennsborough  Township,  just  east  of  Newville.     After  her  husband  s 
death  Mrs  William  M.  Davidson  continued  to  live  on  her  farm  until  1880.  when,  with  her 
two  daughters,  sl.^came.teN^wville^  ^^  ^.^  isagon  of  T      b  and  Mary 
Fosnot    natives  of  Cumberland  County,  and  who  had   twelve  children;  A\  uliam  U,  J.  U, 
Peter  T    Joshua  V    Edward  W.,  Lewis  C,  Henry  J..  Elizabeth  A..  Mary  Jane.  Margaret 
E,  Sarah  C  and  Martha  M.     Our  subject  was  born  October  3   ^y«™**£   uf  0^a 
weaver   and  later  clerked  in  his  uncle's  store  in  Newburg.     In  1Mb  he  bought  the  UaK 
ville  *  ore   winch   he  kept  for  eighteen   years,  at  the  same  time-three  years,  from  1866 
to 18«9-b'e In"  en-'  »"ecl  in  business  in  Baltimore.     In  May,  1871,  in  order  to  give  employ- 
ment to  t  w     bn  tier's    he  started  the  Oakoille  Enterprise,  which,  in  December    18,4   he  re- 
moved to  New"  lie   and  lias  since  then  devoted  himself  assiduously  to  it.  with  gratifying 
results      Inst   tuf  a  six-column,  four-page,  it  is  now  a   seven-column,  eight-page  paper 
the l'     -est  ii  the  whole  Cumberland  Valley.     January  1.   1885.  he  bought  the  Star  of  the 

g.e.SS-pS.d™ , *3KS(£ta£  tato,  .llg»t.d  from  .he  fc.h  .( I..1..1  m  .he 


BOROUGH   OF    NEWVILLE.  451 

eighteenth  centiiry,  locating  in  Lancaster  County,  Penn.  Bis  descendants  have  in  their 
possession  a  deed  from  "Thomas  and  Richard  Penn,  proprietaries  of  the  Province  of 
Pennsylvania,"  dated  March  L8,  1734,  to  Jared  Graham,  of  Salisbury  Township  Lancaster 
County,  Cora  tract  of  land  in  the  Manor  of  Maske,  Wesl  Pennsborough  Township,  Cum- 
berland Co.,  Penn.,  on  the  south  side  of  the  Conodoguinel  Creek  Be  aevei  lived  on  this 
laud,  bul  continued  to  reside  in  Lancaster  County,  where  he  died.  Aboul  1745  bis  son 
James  removed  to  this  tract,  al  thai  time  called  the  back  woods,  w  hich  was  conveyed  to 
him  in  1762.  1 1 1-  cabin  was  aboul  thirty  mileswesl  of  the  Susquehanna  He  ■! i< -<i  in  isor 
1  eighty-two,  leaving  dve  sons:  Jared,  Thomas,  Arthur,  Isaiah  and  James.  Thomas 
was  the  grandfather  oi  our  subject.  On  the  death  of  bis  father  Jared  removed  to  Ohio 
James  was  educated  al  Dickinson  College,  Carlisle,  where  be  graduated,  and.  having  stud- 
theology  under  the  learned  Dr.  Cooper,  was  licensed  as  a  Presbyterian  minister  and 
received  a  call  from  the  congregation  of  Beulah,  eighl  miles  east  of  Pittsburgh  where  he 
remained  thirtj  eighl  years,  until  his  death  in  L844.  On  the  death  of  his  father  the  land 
was  divided  between  I  nomas,  Arthur  and  Isaiah.  The  two  latter  resided  on  the  land  and 
Arthur  s  portion  is  yel  held  by  his  descendant,  Roberl  Graham.  [saiah"s  descendants  are 
represented  by  Duncan  M.  Graham,  Carlisle.  Thomas  was  married  to  Wary  McKeehan 
who  was  born  in  December,  1778,  and  died  January  38,  1843.  They  had  bul  i  child- 
George,  father  ol  John  Graham  -who  was  born  December  '.'4.  1802  a  ahorl  time  before 
the  death  of  his  father.  Be  inherited  the  farm,  on  which  he  lived  until  1866  when  he 
removed  to  Newville,  having  sold  the  farm.  Be  died  March  20,  into.  February  3  1830 
he  was  married  to  Miss  Eliza  Alter,  who  was ■„  January  16,  1805,  and  died  February 

870.       I  hey    had    nine   children,    three   of   whom,    I. aura.    George    anil   .lane     died    in 

infancy,  and  two,  Lizzie  and  .Mary,  when  nearing  maturity.    The  others  were  George  W 

horn  December  6,  ism.  who  enlisted  in  bis  brother's  Company   F.  Thirteenth  Pennsyl- 

T»lua  '  avalry,  and  was  killed  al   Ashby's  Cap,  Va.,  May  Hi.  1803;  Thomas  J.  was  born 

Hovemhrr '-,.  ixio.  an,  1  has  been  living  in  Colorado  for  twenty-six  years  past;  Jacob  A., 

h,"r"  September  30,  is:;-.'.  Wem  into  the  army  from  Kansas,  and  afterward  was  captain  of 

i  W.  was  a  member  when  killed.    John,  the  subject  of  our 

Q,  was  born  August  4,  L843,  on  the  homestead,  attended  district  schools,  and  received 

ation  at  Eastman's  College,  Poughkeepsie,  X.  Y.    After  a  few  mouths 

I  in  the  \\e~t  he  returned  to  Newville.  this  county,  bought  a  store,  whieh  he  sold  two 

ome  book-keeper  in  the  First   National   Hank  in  1870,  and  resigned  in 

1876  when,  in  company  with  Joseph   B.  Hurst,  he   bought  the  Big  Spring  tannery,  which 

they  still  own    and  is  also  engaged   in   other   business  enterprises.'     November  10,  1870,  he 

married  Miss  Harriet  McKee,  of  Newville,  who  died  eleven  months  later.  June  12  1878 
be  was  married  to  Miss  Isabella  Sterrett,  an  amiable  and  accomplished  lady,  daughter  of 
uncelnnis  Sterrett,  oi  West  Pennsborough  Township,  this  county,  in  1882  Mr.  Graham 
was  elected  to  the  1  ennsylvania  Legislature,  and  re-elected  in  1884.  Be  is  now  serving 
his  second  term  with  eminenl  satisfaction  to  his  constituents.  The  people  among  whom 
us  in,-  has  been  spent  -peak  oi  h,in  in  terms  of  highest  praise,  and  none  grudge  him  the 
honorable  position  he  has  achieved.  He  and  his  wife  are  members  of  Big  Spriu-  Presby- 
terian Church^f  which  be  was  tnw^     In  polities  he  is  a  Democrat. 

JOHN  HI  RSH,  gram  dealer  and  forwarder.  Newville.  is  a  grandson  of  Henry  Hursh, 
who  was  a  farmer  in  Lancaster  County,  Penn.,  after  ward  living  in  York  County  some  time 
before  the  Revolutionary  war;  he  died  in  1837.  His  wile  was  Susanna  Rudesil.  They 
had  three  sons:  John  Joseph  and  Henry.  Joseph,  married  to  Mary  Fisher,  retained  the 
homestead  in  which  be  died  in  1849.  Henry  took  a  farm  a  few  miles  off,  on  which  he 
die  I  in  ism.  John  was  born  m  York  County,  Penn..  in  1799,  and  lived  on  the  farm  until 
his  marriage  with  Barbara  Bruckhart;  he  died  in  1880,  his  wife  two  years  before.  They 
bad  nine  children:  Benry,  Susan,  Daniel,  Mary.  John.  Joseph  i;,,  Elizabeth,  Abraham 
and  l)i  Mil  Busan,  Daniel  and  Mary  are  deceased.  Henry  is  married  to  Cassandra  Diet/. 
andlivesin  Bopewell Township;  Elizabeth  is  the  widow',,)' christian  Rupp,  and  lives  in 
Mechanicsburg;  Abraham  is  married  to  Fanny  Frantz,  and  lives  i„  Steelton;  David  is 
married  to  Catharine  Bale,  and  lives  in  Newville.     John  was  born  January  HI,  1834,  on  the 

tarn,  m  York  (  ounty,  where  he  lived  until  twenty  tour  years  old,  al  which  time  he  went 
to  Manchester,  York  Co.,  Penn.,  and  engaged  in'  dry  goods  business  with  his  brother, 

Joseph  a  arid  when  the  latter  went  to  Virginia  he  took  the  business  alone.  In  IS.,4  he 
removed  to  Mechanicsburg  Penn.,  and  January  I.  1856,  to  Xewvillc,  where  he  has  since 
resided,  engaged  in  forwarding  and  dealing  in  -rain.  Hour.  sail,  fish,  coal,  lumber,  etc., 

etc       Until   1870  he   was  m   company  with  Joseph    p...  bul  sine,-  the,,  nas  been  alone.      At 

thai itime  they  had  an  interest  in  the  flouring-mfil  of  D.  Sbipp  &  Co.,  ofTamaqua,  which 
in  the  divis,,,!,  his  brother  assumed,  John  retaining  the  business  lice,  including  the  mill- 
rag  Dusinesson  Big  Spring  He  and  Joseph  own  together  one  hair  interest  in  the  Mount 
Vernon  Mill  on  the  Conodogumet,  In  1850  Mr.  Bursb  was  married  to  Miss  Sarah  A., 
daughter  of  George  Livingston,  of  Fork  County.  Penn.'  and  bom  in  1833.  They  had  tive 
Children,  one  o  whom,  John,  born  May  10,  185T,  died  young.  Those  living  arc  Daniel  G.. 
»>or  .•'"  irned  December  17,  1874,  to  Annie  c.  Bert,  of  Newville, 

and  is  his  father  a  bookkeeper:  Susan,  bom  October  17,  1852.  is  the  wife  of  \V    B   Oyler 


452  BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES: 

of  Newville;  Sarah,  born  August  3,  1855,  is  the  wife  of  Erwin  C.  Glover,  of  Detroit, 
Mich.,  and  James,  born  July  23,  1800,  is  married  to  Annie  C.  Kratzer,  of  Newville.  Mr. 
Hursh  has  held  many  township  offices,  and  is  now  and  has  been,  for  several  years,  treas- 
urer of  Newville  Cemetery.  He  and  his  wife  and  son  Daniel,  and  daughter,  Susan,  are 
members  of  the  United  Brethren  Church,  and  in  all  the  relations  of  life  he  has  ever  shown 
himself  to  lie  a  man  of  probity.  .  ..•«.•  „„  ,vm 

ROBERT   McCACHRAN,  attorney  at  law,  Newville.  is  a  representative  ot  an  old 
Scotch  family  who  came  to  this  country  early  in  the  last  century,  at  which  time  his  grcat- 
areat-o-randf'ather  emigrated,  with  his  wife,  three  sons  and  one  daughter.     His  son,  James, 
married  Marv  Ralston,  whom  he  had  known  in  the  old  country,  and  they  had  three  sons: 
James.  John  "and  Robert.     In  1790  they  purchased  a  farm  on  the  Brandywine  from    he 
Penns   and  here  they  lived  until,  on  the  death  of  his  wife,  the  father,  having  made  other 
arrangements  for  his  youngest  sou,  divided  the  farm  between  James  and  John,  with  whom 
he  lived  until  his  death,  September  22,  1822,  aged  eighty-seven.     John,  the  grandfather  of 
Robert  McCachran,  was  born  about  1763,  and  in  1794  or  1795,  was  married  to  Isabella, 
daughter  of   John  Cunningham,  who  enlisted  in  the  Revolutionary  war.  and  was  never 
again  heard  of.     John  McCachran  died  February  8,  1808,  aged  about  forty-five   leaving 
five  children.     His  widow  died  February  12,  1851.  at  the  residence  of  her  son  John,  near 
Newville   a"-ed  eighty-six.     Their  children  were  James,  Elizabeth,  Robert,  John  and  Isa- 
bella     Robert   father  of  our  subject,  was  born  in  1798.     He  had  an  ardent  desire  for  a 
liberal  education,  which  he  procured  under  great  difficulties  in  various  places,  finally  com- 
pleting the  three  years'  course  at  the  Theological  Seminary  at  Princeton,  N.  J.     He  was 
licensed  to  preach  in  1827  and  given  a  charge  at  Middleton,  Penn.,  also  attending  to  the 
religious  wants  of  the  community  for  miles  around.     He  was  ordained  May  19,  18-9.     in 
1830  he  took  a  journey  in  search  of  health,  and  in  Newville  was  invited  to  preach  in  the 
Big  Spring  Church,  then  without  a   pastor.     This  resulted  in  his  becoming  pastor  ot  that 
church  in  which  he  labored  for  twenty-one  years,  resigning  in  18ol.     In  1834,  ne  married 
Jane   daughter  of  Atcheson  Laughlin,  head  of  one  of  the  oldest  and  most  widely  known 
and  respected  families  of  this  region.     She  was  born  in  1799.     They  had  two  children: 
Robert,  born  October  6,  1835,  and  Mary  born  in  1837  (wife  of  James  Oliver),  she  died  in 
1875      Robert  McCachran,    Sr.,  died  at  Newville,  February,  15,  1885,    aged  eighty-five 
years;  his  wife  died  in  1872.     Until  1853,  young  Robert  attended  a  classical  school  taught 
Dy  his  father.     He  then  went  to  Jefferson  College,  and  graduated  from  Lafayette  College, 
Easton,  Penn.,  the  following  year.     He  engaged  in  teaching  and  read  law  in  the  office  ot 
Judge  Frederick  Watts,  of  Carlisle,  and  was  admitted  in  1857,  but  did  not  practice  tor 
some  years,  having  the  management  of  his  father's  property.     Having  prepared  htmselt 
for  the  profession,  he,  in  1870,"  became  civil  engineer  on  the  Harnshurg  <fc  Potomac  Koacl, 
and,  in  1872,  took  a  similar  position  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  resigning  in  18, o,  to 
look  after  his  father's  interests.     In  1883  he  began  practicing  as  an  attorney.     In  Decem- 
ber 1874  he  married  Martha  MeCandish,  born  in  1847,  daughter  of  Thomas  McCandish, 
of  an  old  Scotch  family,  who  have  been  in  this  neighborhood  since  early  m  the  last  cen- 
tury     To  this  union  were  born  six  children:    Thomas,  born  February  16,  18. fa;  Mary, 
born  September  11,  1877;  Jane,  born  October  28.  1878;  Margaret,  born  December  21.  18,9: 
Robert     born  November  28,  1881  (deceased)  and  Russell  Atcheson.  born  March  1.  its*. 
Mr  McCachran  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  four  years,  elected  in  1878.  and  again  in 
1880,  and  is  attorney  for  the  borough.     He  is  a  K.  T.     He  is  a  man  of  unswerving  honesty 
and  is  in  every  way  trustworthy.  ^  ... ,  - 

J  NORRIS  and  THOMAS  E.  MYERS,  merchants,  Newville.  are  grandchildren  ot 
John  Myers,  an  old  and  respected  citizen  of  Georgetown,  D.  C.  who  died  there  in  185,5. 
He,  John  Myers,  had  seven  children:  John  H,  a  prominent  citizen  of  Lexington,  \  a., 
where  he   died;   Charles,  a  merchant   of   Georgetown,  where  he  lived   all  his  litetime; 


Thomas,  the  father  of  our  subjects;  Edward  and  William  E.,  who  were  in  business  as 
partners  in  Georgetown  for  several  years  (the  former  died  recently  in   Brooklyn,  ^v  l., 
some  years  ago  at  sea.  while  on  a  health  trip);  Louisa  (deceased  in  1873), 
)f  Joseph  Libbev.  a  prominent  and  wealthy  merchant  of  Georgetown,  and 
.mnnrried    lives"  in  Georgetown.     Thomas  Myers  was  born  in  1813;  in  ltWO 


partne 

and  the  latter, 
was  the  wife  of  _  . 

Catharine  S.,  unmarried,  lives  in  Georgetown.  Thomas  Myt 
he  entered  the  Baltimore  Conference  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church;  in  1843  and  1844, 
was  stationed  on  the  Carlisle  Circuit  and  lived  in  Meelianicsburg.  where  he  is  well  remem- 
bered In  March.  1885.  he  preached  by  special  request,  before  the  Conference,  his  semi-cen- 
tennial sermon,  in  the  Eutaw  Street  Church.  Baltimore.Md.  He  has.for  the  past  three  years 
been  stationed  at  Woodberrv.  Md„  and  is  now  agent  of  the  Maryland  Bible  Society,  at 
Baltimore  Md.  His  remarkable  tact  and  business  ability  ha*  e  caused  his  being  sent  on  sev- 
eral occasions  to  struggling  parishes  to  build  new  churches  and  parsonages,  in  which  ne 
has  always  succeeded.  "Now,  in  his  seventy-fourth  year,  he  is  as  hale  and  vigorous  as  many 
men  of  twenty  years  his  junior.  His  deceased  children  are  Lottie  a  young  lady,  wbndiedm 
1876,  and  two  other  children  who  died  in  infancy.  The  living  are  J.  Norns.  Mary  L. .  Thomas 
E.  and  James  R.  Mary  L.  is  the  wife  of  John  J.  Frick,  teller  in  First  National  Bank, 
York  Penn.  James  R.  is  married  to  Laura  V.  Murray,  and  is  in  commission  business  m 
Baltimore,  Md.     J.  Norns  was  born  in  Lewistown,  Penn.,  November  17,  1842.     He  at- 


BORODGH  of  newville.  153 

tended  thi  grammar  school  at  8t  John's  College,  Annapolis,  Md  .  and  completed  bis  edu 
canon,,,  Newton  Oniversity,  Baltimore.  In  1858,  he  wenl  into  the  hardware  atore  of 
Duer,  Norris  &  Co.,  in  that  city,  which  he  left,  in  1866,  to  engage  in  business  under  the 
Arm  oame  ol  I  llnch  .V  Myers,  giving  up,  several  years  after,  on  account  ol  bis  hi 
engaging  as  a  commercial  traveler.  In  1879.  with  his  brother,  Thomas  E.  he  came  to 
county,  and  established  the  firm  of  Myers*  Bro.,  which  was  dissolved  in 
ben  he  returned  to  Baltimore.  While  confidential  clerk  for  a  large  importing 
house,  his  health  was  impaired  by  overwork,  and  by  his  physician's  advice  he-removed 
tothi  country,  and  in  February,  1886,  the  firm  of  Myers  &   Bro   was  revived  i .  v  his  pur- 

r  the  interest  ol  his  brother's  partner,  [n  1876  he  was  married  to  Laui  i  \ 
terol  William  M  Starr,  oi  Baltimore,  a  man  of  brilliant  attainments,  who  has  occupied 
many  positions  ol  honor  and  trust.  Be  was  a  son  of  the  wealthy  Wesley  Starr  who 
built  the  Starr  Methodisl  Protestant  Church  in  that  city  and  endowed  it's  parsonage 
Mr.  and  Mrs  Myers  have  three  children:  William  Starr.  John  Norris  and  Thomas  Miller 
Sir.  Myers  is  welcomed  backto  Newville  by  allwho  know  him.    He  and  bis  wife  an  com 

municants  ol  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  and  command  universal  respect.    Tl as 

'■    BYers'10u,r  ",hlT  subject,  was  born  in  Cumberland,  Md.,  in  18.10,  and  was  educated 
mainly  in  Baltimore.     In  1866  he  went  into  his  brother's  store  there,  and  remained  until 
is...  when  he  became  book  keeper  in  the  largest  retail  hardware  store  in  Baltimore  re- 
maining until  1878.     In  1879  be  came  to  Newville.  as  stated  above,  and  on  the  dissolution 
ot  the  firm,  in  1883,  formed  a  partnership  with  John  M.  McCandlish   which  was  dissolved 
the  following  year  in  consequence  of  the  failing  health  of  his  partner  who  went  West 
ll;.,l"'!1  formed  a  partnership  with  -lame.  s.  Brattan,  under  style  of  Myers*  Brattan 
ontinued  until  the  purchase  of  his  partner's  interest  by  his  brother,  .1    Norris     He 
rned,  in  1883,  to  Miss  Emma  J.,  daughter  of  Rev.  Thomas  M.  Keese,  one  of  the 
members  and  a  leading  one  of  the  Central   Pennsylvania  Methodist   Episcopal  Con- 
who  died  in  March,  1883.     To  this  union  two  children  have  been  born:     Lottie 
Keese  and  Elizabeth  Parnsh.     lie  and  hi.  wile  arc  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
IT,  !,-lm'.V:'s  :'!l  !ll'r,'"ll,t  r(liristi:l"  business  man.  he  bears  an  enviable  reputation 

,  u  '  ,I,AU"  bank  teller,  Newville.  is  a  grandson  of  George  and  Mar- 
k)  Randall,  natives  of  Philadelphia,  Pen,,.,  whose  parents  came  from  tier 
many.  George  Randall  died  in  1813  or  1813.  and  bis  widow  in  1856;  they  had  thirteen 
children,  five  of  whom  died  young.  The  others  were  John,  David.  George,  Joseph  S-, 
Lawrence  H.,  Sarah,  Catharine  and  Mary.  Lawrence  H.  Randall  was  born  October  14, 
rned  the  trade  oi  a  tailor,  and  came  to  Newville.  this  county,  in  1833,  where  he 
on  the  business  until  1875.  He  is  a  director  of  the  First  National  Hank,  of  which 
in  incorporator.  In  1833  he  was  married  to  Miss  Mary  Jane  Dunlap.  of  Harris- 
burg  and  on  October  14,  1883,  they  celebrated  their  golden  wedding,  in  company  with 
twenty  six  of  their  descendants  and  a  large  number  of  other  friends,  receiving  many 
expressions  of  esteem  and  good-will.  They  had  twelve  children:  Margaret,  Scdtt,  and 
William,  deceased;  and  Mary,  wife  Of  W.  R.  Tiltler.  of  Newville;  Sarah  A.,  wife  of  Al- 
bert II.  Newman,  ot  Catasauqua,  Pen,,.;  Edmund,  married  to  Maria  E.  Williams,  and 
living  in  <  Btasauqua;  \\  illiam  L.,  living  in  Altoona;  Laura.  Marian  J.,  Eva  K..  and  Jo- 
seph S  living  with  their  parents;  and  Robert  S.,  who  was  bom  JuneSl,  1840,  and  learned 
ins  father  .  trade  and  lived  with  his  parents  until  1863,when  he  enlisted  at  Chambcrsburg. 
in  (  ompany  A,  One  Hundred  and  Twenty  sixth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  for  nine  monthl. 
lie  was  in  the  battles  oi  Fredericksburg  and  Chancellorsville,  where  be  was  captured  and 
taken  to  Belle  Isle,  at  Richmond,  lie  was  one  of  the  5,000  prisoners  paroled  by  the 
rebels,  who  were  afterward  exchanged  ami  were  sent  to  Camp  Parole,  at  Annapolis,  Md., 
hence  to  Hamsburg,  where  bewas  honorably  discharged  with  bis  regiment  in  May,  1868! 
On  his  return  be  entered  a  commercial  college  in  Philadelphia  to  acquire  a  business  edu 
'"'" '"        '""  WaS  lD  1!lls"""-  With  his  lather  for  ten  years.      In  1875,  he  went  to  Cata 

sauqua,  Penn  where,  with  his  brother  Edmund,  lie  published  The  Catasauqua  Dispatch, 
still  conducted  by  his  brother.  Two  years  later  he  returned  to  Newville.  thiscountt  .  and 
bought  the  Lewis  8umac  and  Bark  Mill,  which  he  ran  for  three  roars,  when  he  accepted 
the  position  of  teller  of  the  First  National  Bank,  which  he  retains.  In  1808.  he  was  mar 
T  "  ''  orepce,  daughter  oi  George  Bricker,  Sr.,  of  Newville.  who  died  in  1871,  her  two 
cli  Idren  having  preceded  her ^to  the  grave  Mr.  Randall  re  married  in  1883;  his  wife  is 
Maimee,  adaugliter  ol  Mai  Edmund  Hawkins,  of  Catasauqua.  Penn.  They  have  two 
Children:  hrm-l  II  l.-m  < letober  is.  INS:!,  and  Lawrence  F...  born  June  VI,  1885.  Mr. 
Randall  belongs  tot  olwell  Post,  No.  301,  G.  A.  H.:  has  once  been  councilman,  and  is  now 
school  director,  lie  and  his  wife  a,v  members  of  the  Cited  Presbyterian  Church.  Asa 
man  of  character _and  probity he  ha-  do  superior  in  the  community  in  which  he  lives. 

.Miii.NU.Mi.ui    i  ,,!„„,-  Tunes,  Newville,  was  born  in  this  county  December  o, 
J»0.  son  Of  George  and  Eh/a  Strohm.  of  Plainticld.  Penn.   George  Slrohmw  , 
brothers  wh,,  came  to  this  county  from  i,!tl County  prior  to  1888,  in  which  vear 

he  was  marricL      He  engaged  in  wagon  and  cabinet-making,  and  amassed    a    comfortable 

competence.  He  has  had  nine  children:  Benjamin  P..  married  to  Annie  Grove;  Mary  A., 
Witton  ol  Dr.  Uilincr  James,  a  prominent  homoeopathic  physician:    Sarah  .1..  wedded 


454  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

to  Robert  E  Myers,  living  in  Ohio;  J.  Silas,  married  to  Catherine  Bear;  George 
W  married  to  Catorine  Faust,  of  Carlisle;  David  E  married  Sadie  E.  Paul;  Horace  h 
married  Clara  Jacoby;  Lizzie  6.  is  the  wife  of  John  Paul,  and  John  W  our  subject,  was 
married,  March  23,  1880.  to  Alice,  daughter  of  David  and  Rachael  Sanderson  of  this 
county.  One  sou,  Orie  Curtis,  has  blessed  this  union  Prior  to  his  marriage.  John  W 
Strohm  was  engaged  in  mercantile  business  at  Plainheld.  this  county,  where  on  May  11, 
1882,  he  began  The  publication  of  the  Plainfldd  Tunes,  purchasing  a  complete  outht  in- 
cluding stefim  press,  and  has  made  the  paper  a  pronounced  success  Us  popularity  grow- 
in"  with  each  ssue.  In  November.  1885,  he  removed  it  to  Newville,  and  called  it  Ike 
S&EtoZW It  has  a  large  circulation.  In  August  1883,  he  started  a  mstoo^ 
paper  called  Cupid's  Corner,  which  has  proven  a  profitable  venture.  Mr.  Strohm  has 
evinced  his  ability,  and  is  a  man  of  rank  in  journalism. 

JOHN  WAGNER  bank  president,  Newville,  is  the  representative  of  the  Wagner 
family  from  whom  Wagner's  Gap,  in  the  Blue  Ridge,  took  its  name.  His  great-grandfather 
Xdgrated  iii  1740.  and  his  grandfather.  Jacob  Wagner  whose  tatlier  »"d  motUerbottM 
on  the  ocean  while  on  their  way  from  Switzer  and.  first  settled  in  Roct  HiU  Towaship, 
Bucks  County  Penn.,  afterward  removing  to  this  county,  where  he  took  up  a  tract  of  700 
acres  on wha  is  known  as  Wagner's  Road,  leading  from  Carlisle  to  the  Gap.  He  died 
here  in  1809  The  farm  is  still  owned  by  members  of  the  family  His  wife  was  Mary 
Cathie  Bauer  They  had  nine  children:  John,  Jacob.  George,  Abraham,  Phi  lip  Cath- 
erin x-  Slary.  Margare.'aud  Henry.  Jacob,  father  of  John  Wagner  was  born  in  700  and 
on  his  father's  de?,th  inherited  half  of  the  land  where  he  lived  all  his  days  In  1806  he 
married  Christiana,  daughter  of  Nicholas  Ferdig  of  North  Middletor jTow^lup,  Cumber- 
land  County.  They  had  four  children:  John.  Jacob  George  and  Elizabeth.  Of  these 
Jacob  who  succeeded  to  the  mansion  farm,  married  Ann,  daughter  of  John  Lane,  Esq., 
and  diJd  near  Carlisle  in  1884;  George  married  Sarah  Strohm.  and I  lived  Mar  Carhaf^ 
where  he  died  in  1880.  his  widow  is  still  living;  Elizabeth  (deceased  in  18o3)  was  the  wite 
of Peter  Lane,  a  brother  of  Ann  Lane  (Mrs.  Jacob  Wagner);  John,  the  only  survivor  was 
born  April  30,  1808,  in  North  Middleton  Township.  Cumberland  County,  Penn  and  when 
eighteen  years  old  he  went  to  Perry  County,  Penn.,  to  learn  the  tanner  s  trade;  thence  to 
Buffalo  N  Y.  for  a  year,  and  then  back  to  the  farm.  The  following  year  he  worked  m 
a  tanne'ry  which  he  subsequently  bought  in  1850.  and  ran  until  1878.,  since .which  time  he 
has  leased  it.  In  January,  1871.  he  was  elected  president  of  the  First  National  Bank  of 
Newville  an  office  which  his  associates  have  since  insisted  on  his  retaining.  In  1836  he  mar 
ried  Jane  daughter  of  George  Klink.  of  Newville.  They  celebrated  their  golden  wedding 
June  2.  1886.  To  this  union  nine  children  hav-  been  born.  The  deceased  are  Mary  Ellen, 
who  became  wife  of  John  Cum.  of  California,  and  died  in  187,;  Jacob  A,  and  Eva  F. 
died  after  reaching  their  majority.  The  living  are  John  P.,  a  contractor  living  in  Iowa 
Samuel  C.  of  whom  a  sketch  appears  below;  Annie  E.,  wife  of  S.  I.  Irvine-,  now  1  ying  in 
Sioux  City,  Iowa;  Sarah  J.,  wife  of  Thomas  N.  Henderson,  merchant  of  German  town, 
Md  ;  and  Lydia,  wife  of  Joseph  S.  Henderson,  a  farmer  near  Germantown  (^Hende£ 
sons  are  sons  of  the  former  pastor  of  Big  Spring  Presbyterian  Church  in 'Newville), Re- 
becca  K.  lives  with  her  parents.  Mr.  Wagner  has  on  many  occasions  held  the i  office  of 
burgess,  town  councilor,  and  was  school  director  for  nearly  forty  years.  He  ud  his wife 
are  members  of  V,\«  Spring  Presbyterian  Church,  of  which  he  is  an  elder  and  lor  thirty 
Sears  he  to  superTn  e'ndeiit  of  the  Union  Sabbath-school.  He  and  his  wife  are  now  en- 
ToyTng  the  fruits  of  a  long  unblemished  life,  with  all  the  comforts  that  ample  means  can 
■procure  and  with  the  good-will  of  every  member  of  the  community. 

SVMUEL  C  WAGNER,  grain  and  flour  dealer,  and  State  Senator,  representing  the 
Cumberland  and  Adams  District.  Newville,  a  son  of  John  and  Jane  (Klink,  W  agner, was 
born  August  9,  1843.  and  was  educated  at  schools  and  academies  in  the  county,  afterward 
getting  a  business  education  at  the  Iron  City  Commercial  College.  Pittsburgh,  Penn.  In 
1859  lie  kept  books  in  a  wholesale  dry  goods  house  in  Leavenworth  Kas.,  tor  a  lew 
months,  when  he  returned  to  Newville,  this  county,  and  worked  in  the  tannery  of  his 
father  until  Augusts,  1861;  when,  just  eighteen,  he  enlisted  in  1  oung  s  Kentucky  uav- 
atj  af  erwatd'7he  Third  Pennsylvania  Cavalry.  He  has  a  most  brilliant  record  as  a  sol- 
dier Six  months  after  his  enlistment  the  young  man  was  promoted  to  reg  mental ^cora 
missarv  sergeant  and  in  a  few  months  more  was  promoted  again  to  second  lieutenant  ot 
Company  In  a  short  time  he  was  again  promoted  to  first  lieutenant  and  regimental 
commissaiy.  On  the  reorganization  of  the  cavalry,  under  Gen.  Pleasanton,  he  was ^  as- 
sb  ml  to  the  staff  of  Gen.  J.  B.  Mcintosh,  commanding  the  First  Brigade  of  Gregg  s  di- 
Xon  of  the  Cavaky  Corps  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  He  was  afterward  assigned  to 
fill  a  vacancy  caused  by  the  .Usability  of  Capt.  Pollard,  of  Gen.  Gregg's  staff,  at  \Y  arren- 
ton  V  ,  .  tl  e  in  er  <,f  1863.  In  the  spring  of  1864.  when  Gen.  Grant  began  his  move- 
menttoward  RicTmond  lie  was  ordered  to.  report  to  Gen.  Patrick  P^ost.marshal.ge^ 
eral  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  as  commissary  to  prisoners,  in  which  he  remained  until 
mustered  ontS  the  fall  of  1864,  in  front  of  Petersburg,  where  he  was  brevetted  captain 
, '  ,  an t  services.  He  took  part  in  the  battles  of  Savage  Station,  White  Oak  SwaniR 
ChaHes  City  Cross  Roads,  Malvern  Hill  (where  he  was  one  of  the  last  officers  to  leave  the 


BOIUUuill  OF  NEWVILLE.  455 

Hill  i.  A  ii  i  in  a  in.  Kelly'-;  Ford,  Stoneman's  cavalry  raid  In  rear  of  Lee's  army,  the  cavalrt 
flghtat  Culpeper,  where  be  had  a  narrow  escape.  Be  was  on  the  left  of  the  skirmish 
line,  when  he  was  ordered  by  Col.  Horace  Binney  3argent,  in  command,  to  give  n 

two  officers  on  a  hill,  a  short  distance  away,  whom  he  supposed  to  be  Qens   Gr< and 

Mcintosh  Toting  U  agner  told  the  colonel  they  were  rebel  officers,  bul  wasnol  believed 
the  colonel  sending  his  own  orderly  after  him.  On  reaching  and  saluting  the  group  he 
round  his  suspicions  verified,  and  was  ordered  to  dismount  but  instead  he  struck  spurs  to  his 
horse,  threw  himseli  fiat  on  the  animal's  back,  and  galloped  back  amid  a  shower  of  bullets 
The  orderly,  who  was  behind  him.  sal  erect,  and  was  literally  riddled  with  bullets  The 
next  light  he  was  in  was  at  Sulphur  Springs;  then  Auburn,  Bristol  Station  Salem   Ppper- 

ville.  and  in  all  the  cavalry  skirmishes  on  the  march  to  Gettysburg,  at  which  place  he  was 

wounded  bj  a  piece  oi  rebel  shell  while  fighting  the  rebel  cavalry  under  Wade  Hampton 
and  Fitzhugh  Lee.  On  recovering  he.  rejoined  his  command,  near  the  Rappahannock 
and  was  in  the  advance  when  Grant  crossed  the  Rapidan,  and  then  took  part  in  all  the 
lights  in  the  \\  dderness,  at  Spottsylvania,  North  Anna  River.  Cold  Harbor  ami  the  differ- 
ent skirmishes  in  front  of  Petersburg.  Be  was  with  the  Armv  of  the  Potomac  until  mus- 
tered out,  as  -tatrd.  by  expiration  of  term,  when  he  returned  home,  a  veteran    barely 

twenty  one  year-  ol  age,  having  -ecu  more  service  than  fell  to  the  lot  of  many  a  soldier 
llr  was  ill  ii  elected  hook-keeper  of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Newville,  which  he  re- 
sumed July  I,  1868,  to  engage  in  the  grain  and  lumber  business.  This  he  disposed  of  in 
July,  1884  when  he  bought  the  "Keller  Mill."  at  the  head  of  Big  Spring  which  he  remod- 
makmg  it  one  ot  the  mo-t  complete  roller  flour  mills   in   the  State.     This  he  is  slill 

Iged  in.  In  1883  lie  was  a  candidate  for  nomination  for  State  Senator  in  the  district, 
composed  ol  Cumberland  and  Adams  Counties,  under  the  Crawford  County  system 
against  two  veteran  journalists  of  thecounty,  when  he  receive,!  600  more  votes  than  both 
combined,  and  was  elected  after  a  memorable  contest  over  James  W.  Hosier  Bis  term 
Will  expire  January  1.  [887.  In  186(5  Mr.  Wagner  married  Laura  E.,  daughter  of  John  M 
Woodburn,  oi  Newville  They  have  eight  children:  Charles  W.,  Jennie  E.,  Annie  L 
Bailie  G„  George  B  Walter  K.  Samuel  (!.,  Jr.,  and  Thomas  II.,  in  ages  from  eighteen 
to  four  years.  ,\[r.  \\  agner  is  a  Knight  Templar,  belonging  to  St.  John's Commandery of 
(  arlisle,  and  to  Big  Springs  Lodge.  No.  861,  of  Newville.  Be  is  also  u  member  of  Cavalry 
rOSt.No  85,  G  A  R.,  of  Philadelphia.  A  gallant  soldier,  a  pure  politician,  and  an  upright 
business  man,  he  deserves  the  honors  put  upon  him  by  his  neighbors.  In  politics  he  is  a 
Democrat 

MUHLENBERG  WILLIAMS,  attorney,  Newville,  is  a  son  of  John  Williams,  who 
was  b,,r„  in  Middlesex  Township  (then  North  Middleton)  in  May,  1808.  and  who  was  a  son 
ot  Henry  \\  illiams,  of  Lebanon  Countv.  but  who  removed  to  North  Middleton  some  years 

'      "'■  1|-1'1  ten  children,  viz.:   Benry,  who  was  married  to  Elizabeth 

/Cook,  and  Who  died  in  North  Middleton,  leaving  no  issue;  David,  who  lived  all  his  life  on 
part  ot  the  old  homestead,  married  and  died  there:  Frederick,  who  was  a  farmer,  inherit- 
'."'  B  !""  "'  ""'  old  farm,  married  Susan  Rheem,  and  died,  leaving  a  son,  Thomas,  who  is 
tanning  the  same  place;  Rudolph,  who  is  now  a  druggist  in  Columbia,  Penn.;  Jacob,  who 
cripple,  was  never  married,  and  died  on  the  farm;  Thomas,  who  died  before  attain- 
ing his  majority;  Samuel,  who  lived  On  the  old  homestead,  which  he  afterward  sold  and 
then  removed  to  North  Middleton,  where  he  died  in  1885;  Catherine,  widow  of  Michael 
WMe.  01  North  Middleton,  and  now  living  in  Carlisle;  Elizabeth,  wife  of  George  Iletrich, 
ot  Franklin  I  ounty,  where  she  died:  and  John,  the  youngest  of  the  family  and  father  of 
our  subject,  who  learned  the  drug  trade  and  went  into  business  at  Newville,  where  he  con- 
iniicd  a  number  oi  years.  He  afterward  gave  this  up,  and  bought  a  farm  close  to  the 
borough  mi  which  he  has  since  lived.  In  1882  he  was  married  to  Susan  R.,  daughter  of 
George  \  ise,  farmer  of  North  Middleton  Township,  whose  conned  ion  is  very  large  They 
had  twelve  children,  viz.:  David  W.,  who  is  married  to  Miss  Adeline  Knet  I  le;  Muhlenberg, 
our  subject;    Eleanor  unmarried  and  living  with  her   parent..;   John,  u  ho  died  in  infancy; 

Mary,  wife  ol  Jonas  D.  Huntzberger,  of  Newville;  Catherine,  wife  of  George  Lehman,  of 
West  Pennsborongh Township;  Susan  R  .  wife  of  Samuel  E.  Beberlig,  of  West  Pennsbor- 

ough  Township;  Jennie,  wife  of  John  I).  Brehm,  living  in  Newton  Township;  Martha, 
wife  of  David  8.  De  Haven,  living  in  Newville;  Rudolph,  married  to  Charlotte  S.  Faber, 
anrl  living  in  Newville;  Lucretia,  unmarried,  living  with  her  parents;  Maggie  N.  wife  of 
J.  Uess,  residing  in  Osborne,  Mo.     In  his  youth.  Muhlenberg  worked  on  his  father's  farm 

m  summer,  goina  to  acl 1  during  winter,  until  twenty-one  years  of  age   and  the- last  two 

winters  he  attendfed  the  academy  in  Newville,  of  which  Rev.  Robert  McCachran  was  princi- 
pal. He  then  taught  school  three  sessions,  and  studied  law  in  the  office  of  William  H. 
Miller.  L-M  ot  Carlisle,  where  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  November  1  I,  1860  being  ex- 
amined and  recommended  by  Hon.  Frederick  W    Watts,  Lemuel  Todd  and  A    IS  sharpe. 

'■-I-        »    '>■'<■■      ras^idinitled  he  began  the  practice  of  his  profession   at    Newville,  Where 

he  has  remained.  Maj  38,  1872,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Lydia  E.,  daughterof  William  M. 
Bcouller.  of  Mifflin  rownship,  and  has  five  children,  viz. :  John,  Nellie.  William  Scouller, 

JLydia  Belle  and  May.  Mr.  \\  illiams  has  been  identified  largely  with  the  politics  of  his 
township,  borough  and  county.     He  has  been  school  director  of  the  township  three  years, 


456  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

and  of  the  borough  nine  years;  auditor  three  years.  In  1866  he  was  appointed  assistant 
tssesfor  of  KifnNa  k  of  the  Fifteen,  h  Collection  Di^rct  of  Pennsylvanhjch  of- 
fice he  held  during  the  Johnson  administration,  and  was  elected  to  the  Legislature in l»l*. 
He  bears  the  reputation  of  being  a  skillful,  adroit  practitioner,  who  has  the  interest  ot  his 
clients  very  much  at  heart.  He  is  rated  as  one  of  the  ablest  members  of  the  bar  of  Cum 
berland  County. 


CHAPTER   XLII. 
BOROUGH  OF  SHIREMANSTOWN. 

JOHN  R.  BAKER,  carriage-maker,  Shiremanstown,  was  born  October  20  184&  and 
is  a  son  of  John  S.  Baker,  now  living  near  Shepherdstown,  Upper  Allen  Township  where 
lohn  R  wis  born  The  elder  Baker  was  born  in  York  County,  Penn.,  in  181d,  where  ne 
lived  with  Ids  Vrents  until  he  came  to  this  county,  over  forty  years,  settling  on  the  place 
where he now  'ives  The  family  consists  of  the  father  (the  mother  is  Wafew-te 
deceased)  three  sons  and  two  daughters.  John  R.,  who  is  the  second  son,  lived  at  home 
unt  he  was  ten  years  of  age,  when  he  went  to  his  grandfather's  for Rtnree  years  There 
he  was  hired  out  until  he  joined  the  Union  Army  in  the  spring  of  1862 when ibut ^een 
years  of  age,  a  volunteer  in  the  Eighty-seventh  Regiment  Pennsy  van  la  Vol unteer 
infantry,  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  in  which  he  saw  a  great  deal  olimra-  J« 
T^Vtieinated  in  the  battle  of  Winchester,  the  battles  in  the  Wilderness,  Mine  Run,  bpottsyl- 
'cCt  House,  Cold  Harbor,  the  capture  of  the  Weldon  K-^^^lghfat 
Creek  and  Monocaey  River,  the  siege  and  capture  ol  Petersburg  and  the  final  ngnt  at 
Appomattox  Htsti^ie  had'expired  a  few  dayS  before  this  last  event,  but  he  preferred  to 
f  '  and  aee  the  war  out.  Though  but  a  boy  he  became  a  veteran,  and  in  spite  ot  the 
many  battles  n  which  he  participated,  beside  skirmishes  innumerable,  he  never  received 
abound  On  the  field  of  Appomattox  he  got  his  well-earned  honovab le  "i^rge,  i ™f 
afterward,  with  the  rest  of  his  comrades  of  the  historic  Army  of  *e  Potomac,  was  mus- 
tered out  of  the  service  at  Washington.  On  his  return  ^me^pprenUo^^AU^ 
Palmer,  of  Mechanicsburg.  to  learn  carriage  painting  In  18.3  he  and  his  rotticr  n euiy 
est  .blWhed  i  carriage  factory  at  Camp  Hill,  in  East  Pennsborough  Township.     Here  they 

rim    n'^ 

yea more,  removed  to  Shiremanstown.  where  he  has  been  engaged  ,n  the  business  ever 
since  building  up  a  large  and  constantly  increasing  trade  by  honest  work  He  was  mar 
retliriSo  to  Annie,  daughter  of  Simon  Dean,  of  Mechanicsburg.  and  m*™>«™ 
children-two  boys  and  live  girls.  Mr.  Baker  is  a  member  of  the  Winding  Hill  Reformed 
Menu.mite  Church,  and  among  his  fellow  men  bears  a  well-deserved  reputation  as  a  man 
of  probity  whose  word  can  always  be  relied  upon,  for  what  he  promises  he  will  perform. 
Yet  a  voting  man,  a  long  and  honorable  career  lies  before  him.  1fufl  foliim- 

Dii  W  SCOTT  BRUCKHART.  Shiremanstown,  was  bornMarch  10, 1848  nearColum 

bia  Lancaster  Co  Penn.  His  father  was  born  on  the  same  farm,  and  his  grandfather  in  the 
«"m Shlfo'rhood.  His  great-grandfather  was  one  of  a  »f™y  »"Sh  CftS 
from  Switzerland  early  in  the  last  century,  coming  directly  to  Philadelph  a  I Kenn  *  rom 
there  the  party  went  to  Virginia,  but  shortly  after  returned  to  York  and  Lancaster  coun 
fcwli.  nv  of  their  descendants  are  yet  to  be  found;  here  he  engaged  in  farming  as 
did  hTs  son,  the  father  of  our  subject,  latter  acquiring  a  competence  by  his  industr y  Our 
subieefs  father  and  mother  still  live  on  the  original  farm;  he  is  also  interested  in  mining 
enter  -Hses  ,  CI  esnui.  Hill  D.strict;  his  wife  was  Catherine  Habecker,  of  the  same  place 
tlevave  seven  !,oys  living,  of  whom  the  Doctor  is  the  eldest.  Our  subject  stayed  on 
thl  farm  until  he  was  sixteen  years  of  age,  then  taught  school  for  three  winter  terms  at- 
tend! ™1  normal  School  at  Millersville  in  the  summers.  In  1868  he  began  the  study  of 
me  •  ne  with  Dr.  A.  K.  Rohrer.  of  Mountville,  one  of  the  most  prominent  physicians  in 
Sat  part  of  the  State,  regarded  as  high  authority  on  the  treatment  of  ^^Z^ec 
Dr.  Bruckhart  stayed  for  two  or  three  years  taking  at  the  same  time  a  ful  1  cours c  ot  lee 
tures  in  the  Jefferson  Medical  College,  Philadelphia,  where  he  graduated  in  Match  l».u, 
at  the  early  age  of  twenty-two  yea/s  The  following  month  he  removed  to  Mount  Joy 
Lancaster  County,  and  commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession  In  Feb ruary. " <f  £* 
came  to  Shiremanstown.  where  he  has  ever  since  devoted  himself  to  he  prac  o  s 
profession.  During  this  time  several  other  physicians  have  located  in  the  o  o ugh  at  cm 
ferent  times,  but  ail  have  retired  from  the  held  in  turn,  leaving  Dr.  Bruckhait  the  soie 


BOROUGH  OF  8H1REMA.NSTOWN.  457 

practitioner  in  the  neighborhood,  in  which  he  has,  by  his  skill  and  knowledge  of  hi*  pro- 
cession, as  "ill  as  by  in-  other  good  qualities,  acquired  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  his 
neighbors.  In  December,  is;-.1,  he  married  Attilla,  daughtet  oi  John  Strirkler,  of  Ifounl 
Joy,  a  retired  tanner.  They  bad  three  children,  of  whom  only  one,  Paul  Solmes,  sur- 
vives, The  Doctor  is  a  member  of  Columbia  Lodge,  No.  286,  F.  &  A.  M.,  ami  Corinthian 
Chapter  and  Cyrene  Commandery,  No.  84.  all  of  Columbia.  He  is  also  a  member  of  [rene 
Lodge,  No  125,  K  of  P.,  oi  Shiremanstown,  ami  is  ] i i^.-w  i.^,-  president  of  the  Beneficial 
Societj  of  Shiremanstown,  an  incorporation  of  residents  of  the  vicinity  for  mutual  aid. 
Dr.  Bruckbarl  has  held  the  office  of  school  trustee  ever  since  the  second  year  of  liis  resi- 
dence in  the  borough,  and  has  during  all  thai  time  been  secretary  of  the  boar.d.  lie  also 
served  two  years  as  burgess,  and,  as  will  be  seen  by  the  above,  is  one  of  the  most  active 
members  oi  s,,i-i,.|y  in  this  part  of  the  county.  Ho  has.  in  u  very  marked  degree,  the  con- 
fidence and  esteem  of  his  neighbors,  who  will  probably  call  upo'n  him  to  serve  them  iii  a 
higher  capacity.    He  is  well  qualified  to  adorn  any  position  for  which  he  may  be  chosen. 

CHRISTIAN  HESS,  retired  tanner.  Shiremanstown,  a  son  of  Christian  and  Elizabeth 
(Martin)  lies,  natives  of  Lancaster  County,  who  were  married  in  1808.  and  iii  LSI]  re- 
moved to  Fairview  Township,  York  Co.,  Penn.,  to  a  farm  owned  by  the  Rev.  Samuel 
Hess,  his  father.  Christian  lb-s  was  born  November  28,  1779,  in  Elizabethtown  Lan- 
caster Co.,  Pena  They  reared  eight  children:  Samuel,  the  eldest  son,  born  in  Lancaster 
County,  died  at  the  age  of  fifteen;  the  other  children.  Nancy.  Barbara.  George,  Christian, 
Elizabeth,  Henry  and  Susannah  were  born  in  York  County.  Our  subject  was  married  iii 
1840,  to  Judith,  daughter  of  Peter  and  Esther  (Martin)  Zimmerman, 'Rev.  John  Murama 
performing  the  ceremony.  After  marriage  Christian  Hess  assumed  charge  of  his  father's 
farm,  working  it  on  shares  until  1857.  when  he  purchased  the  homestead,'  paying  for  it  in 
installment-.  The  children,  eight  in  number,  were  all  born  on  the  homestead  in  York 
County. viz. :  Elizabeth,  Peter.  Hetty  (the  two  latter  twins),  Barbara.  Mary,  Rebecca,  Samuel 
and  Catharine  Of  these.  Samuel  is  a  minister  of  the  Mennonite  faith,  and  served  a  con- 
n  at  State  Hill.  Lower  Alien  Township;  Peter  married  Lydia  Breehbill,  of  Lan- 
caster County;  Hetty  married  Jacob  M.  Zimmerman,  of  the  same  county;  Barbara.  Eliza- 
beth and  Mary  are  housekeepers  for  their  parents,  and  Rebecca,  wife  of  George  F.  Urn- 
larger,  died  a  few  years  ago.  The  Rev.  Samuel  Hess,  above  mentioned,  wedded  Annie 
Metzler,  ol  Lancaster  County,  Penn.  In  1875  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Christian  Hess  removed  to 
State  Hill,  where  a  nice  farm  was  pun  based,  and  which  will  probably  be  their  home  in 
the  future.  The  church  near  by  makes  it  convenient  for  these  aged  Christians  who.  for 
m  half  a  century,  have  gone  hand  in  hand  to  the  house  of  God.  setting  noble  ex- 
amples b.r  their  children,  who.  without  exception,  follow  in  their  footsteps. 

DAVID  R.  ME  REEL,  farmer  (son  of  Levi  Merkel.  whose  sketch  see),  P.  O.  Shire- 
manstown, was  born  in  the  year  1835.  on  the  farm  on  which  he  now  lives,  and  which  was 
purchased  and  occupied  by  his  grandfather,  Jacob  Merkel,  in  1804,  and  has  been  in  the 
liiniK  i  ver  sine.-.  Jacob  Merkel  built  a  house  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  road  to  that  on 
v.  hich  D.  R.  Merkel's  new  residence  stands,  and  in  1812  built  a  stone  barn,  which  is  still 
m  u-e  and  in  perfect  condition.  With  the  exception  of  the  time  spent  in  school.  D.  R. 
Merkel  lived  on  this  farm  until  180(5.  at  which  time  he  removed  to  the  borough  of  York, 
Penn  .  where  he  was  professor  of  music  in  the  Cottage  Hill  Female  College  for  live  years 
llis  health  tailing  he  returned  to  the  farm,  remaining  three  years.  He  then  went  to 
Elmira,  N.  Y.,  and  engaged  in  music-teaching  for  the  "succeeding  six  years,  after  which 
he  returned  to  the  farm,  which  he  now  owns,  and  which  hi'  is  making  a  model  place.  He 
i-  a  progressive  gentleman,  quick  to  adopt  the  best  methods  of  obtaining  desirable  results, 
and  his  success  is  evidenced  by  his  surroundings.  He  was  married,  in  1857,  to  Miss  Sarah 
J.,  daughter  Oi  Samuel  Eberl  ,  formerly  of  Hampden  Township,  this  county.  They  have 
one  child,  Romanic,  married  to  M.  W.  Jacobs,  Esq.,  attorney  and  counselor,  of  Harris- 
burg,  Penn.  D.  R  Merkel  has  never  held  any  office  except  that  of  school  director,  which 
was  forced  upon  turn.  His  whole  time  and  attention  is  given  to  agricultural  pursuits  for 
which  he  has  a  genuine  love.  In  personal  character  Mr.  Merkel  stands  high,  and  shows 
himself  a  worthy  son  of  his  illustrious  father. 

HENRY  S.  RUPP,  nurseryman,  Shiremanstown,  was  born  in  Lower  Allen  Town- 
ship, tin-  county,  in  1826,  and  is  the  son  of  George  Rupp,  a  native  of  Lancaster  County, 
Penn  .  where  in-  lather  settled  about  1790,  when  he  emimaied  from  Germany.     Henry  S. 

lived  on  his  father's  farm,  in  Lower  Allen  Township,  until  he  was  twenty  four  year-  old 
I  to  where  he  now  lives,  buying  the  farm  in  1855.  He  married,  in  1852, 
Nancy,  daughter  oi  Joseph  Hursh,  of  York  County,  Penn.  They  have  a  family  of  four 
sons  and  two  daughters,  one,  Lizzie,  being  married  lo  Amos  Landis,  of  Upper  Allen 
I  ow  nship;  the  Others  are  unmarried.  Henry  S.  Rupp  gave  his  attention  to  farming  until 
1865,  When  he  embarked  in  the  nursery  and  tlorist  business  He  has  at  presenl  over  5,000 
Square  feet  under  glass,  anil  lorty  acres  of  his  farm  of  HID  acre-  are  devoted  to  this  busi- 
which  his  sales  are  constantly  increasing.  His  flowers  and  plants  go  all  over  the 
country;   his    trees    arc   sold   mainly   in  southern    Pennsylvania   and    Maryland.      A  special 

feature  oi  his  business  is  the  growing  of  primrose  seed  for  the  trade,  of  which  seed  be  is 

the  largest  grower  in  the  country,  most  of  the  seed  hitherto  used  having  been  imported. 


458  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

He  has  now  many  customers  for  this  seed  among  the  florists,  and  the  demand  for  it  is 
rapidly  increasing.  Two  of  his  sons  are  associated  with  him  in  the  nursery  business: 
John  F.  and  David  C.  Mr.  Rupp  has  never  given  much  attention  to  politics,  and  could 
hardly  be  induced  to  hold  office  of  any  kind.  His  neighbors  speak  of  him  as  a  man  of 
strictest  probity  in  all  his  dealings. 

JOHN  K.  TAYLOR,  dealer  in  sundries,  Shiremanstown.  Since  March,  1846,  J.  K. 
Taylor  has  been  a  resident  of  Cumberland  County,  and  during  the  intervening  years  has 
been  one  of  the  representative  business  men.  He  was  born  in  Newberry  Township.  York 
Co.,  Penn.,  in  1826,  a  son  of  Libni  and  Mary  (Krieger)  Taylor,  who,  for  nearly  fifty  years, 
lived  on  the  farm  which  was  improved  by  them.  He  comes  from  English  ancestry,  of 
the  Puritanical  type,  on  the  paternal  side,  and  his  maternal  ancestors  were  natives  of 
Germany.  Libni  and  Mary  Taylor  reared  a  family  of  seven  children,  of  whom  three  sons 
are  living:  Jacob  K.,  John  K.  and  Benjamin  K.  Upon  arrival  in  Allen  Township,  in 
1846,  John  K.  Taylor  became  an  apprentice  to  and  learned  the  trade  of  blacksmith  with, 
Ezekial  Worley,  whose  shop  stood  near  the  present  site  of  Mr.  Taylor's  smithy.  After 
completing  his  trade  our  subject  went  to  Milltown,  and  engaged  for  nine  years  in  smith- 
ing. He  then  purchased  his  Slate  Hill  property,  and  since  that  time  has  conducted  a  shop, 
and  has  also  engaged  largely  in  dealing  in  meats,  etc.  In  1850  he  was  married  to  Elizabeth 
Arter,  of  York  County,  Penn.  They  have  no  children,  but  their  home  is  made  happy  by 
their  affection  for  each  other,  and  the  comfort3  which  are  always  found  in  the  home  of 
the  prosperous  man.  John  K.  Taylor,  who  has  always  been  a  representative  man  in  his 
township,  by  dint  of  energy  and  shrewd  business  qualifications  has  accumulated  consid- 
erable property.  He  is  one  of  the  self-made  men  of  Cumberland  Valley,  and  has  filled 
nearly  every  official  position  in  the  township  with  honor. 


CHAPTER  XLIII. 
COOK  TOWNSHIP. 

DANIEL  KING,  superintendent  of  South  Mountain  Mining  &  Iron  Company,  P.  O. 
Pine  Grove  Furnace,  was  born  in  Queen's  County,  Ireland,  January  1, 1844.  His  parents, 
William  and  Catherine  King,  immigrated  to  Pennsylvania  in  1841,  but  returned,  in  1843, 
to  Ireland,  where  they  still  reside.  Daniel  King,  after  receiving  a  classical  education  in 
Ireland,  came  to  America  in  the  early  part  of  1862,  and  in  August  of  that  year  enlisted 
in  the  One  Hundred  and  Sixteenth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers.  He  was  honorably  dis- 
charged in  1863,  on  account  of  disabilities  incurred  in  the  line  of  duty.  After  recovery, 
in  the  same  year,  he  re-enlisted  and  served  sixty  days  in  the  Fifty-second  Pennsylvania 
Militia  (raised  during  Lee's  invasion)  and  on  the  disbandment  of  same  again  entered  the 
service  of  his  adopted  country,  this  time  in  the  Naval  branch,  and  served  until  1865  in  the 
North  Atlantic  blockading  squadron.  After  leaving  the  public  service  Mr.  King  engaged 
in  the-stuciy  and  practice  of  mechanical  engineering  at  Paterson.  N.  J.,  Baltimore,  Md., 
and  Jersey  City,  N.  J.  In  April,  1871,  he  located  at  Pine  Grove  Furnace,  in  this  county, 
as  assistant  superintendent  of  the  South  Mountain  Iron  Company,  where  he  remained  until 
1873,  when  he  entered  the  service  of  McCormick  &  Co.,  of  Harrisburg.  Penn.,  as  furnace 
and  mine  superintendent,  a  situation  he  held  until  1876.  during  which  time  he  developed 
and  operated  several  valuable  mining  properties  in  this  and  the  adjoining  counties  of  York 
and  Adams.  From  that  time  until  1879  he  was  exclusively  engaged  in  mining  iron  and 
copper  ores  in  Sussex  County,  N.  J.,  and  Carroll  County.  Md.  In  October,  1879,  he  again 
accepted  the  superintendency  of  the  South  Mountain  Mining  &  Iron  Company,  which 
position  he  has  continuously  held  since.  Our  subject  is  a  gentleman,  studious  and  active, 
conversant  with  all  the  details  of  his  calling,  and  is  recognized  among  the  business  men  of 
his  acquaintance  as  a  skillful  metallurgical  chemist  and  scientific  and  practical  mining 
engineer.  In  1865,  Mr.  King  was  married  to  Miss  Alice  Fuller,  of  Paterson,  N.  J.  They 
have  one  son  living— Charles  King. 

DANIEL  LEEPER,  superintendent  of  the  wood  and  coal  department  of  the  South 
Mountain  Mining  &  Iron  Company,  was  born  in  Dickinson  (now  Penn)  Township,  this 
county,  July  24,  1819.  His  father,  James  Leeper,  of  Lancaster  County.  Penn.,  came  to 
this  county  about  the  year  1812,  and  here  married  Eliza  Fort,  who  was  born  in  New  Jer- 
sey, and  came  as  far  as  this  county  with  her  parents,  on  their  way  to  Ohio.  Her  mother 
took  sick  on  the  way  and  died  at  Centreville,  and  her  father  remained  here  some  years, 
and  finally  returned  to  New  Jersey.     After  living  in  this  part  of  the  State  for  a  time, 


DICKINSON    TOWNSHIP.  |,V.l 

I  eeper  and  wifi   Anally  located  near  Mmini  I'nion.  Huntington  Co.,'Penn.,  where 
they  passed  the  remainder  of  their  lives,  and  now  lie  buried  a)  Mapleton      Daniel  Leeper 

has  made  bis  home  principally  at  Pine  Grove  since  1889,  and  bas  followed  I i  m a 

ial  maker  during  most  of  these  years,  [n  1870  he  was  appointed  superintendent 
of  the  wood  and  coal  department  of  the  South  Mountain  Mining  &  [ron  Company  which 
responsible  position  be  bas  ever  since  held.  March  31,  1844,  hu  married  Nancy  vl  ai  ren 
a  native  of  Adam-;  County,  lVnn..  hut  a  resident  of  this  county  at  the  time  of  her  marriage' 
Their  children  arc  Mrs.  Anna  Eliza  Helm,  John,  Mrs.  Mary  E.  Sheaffer,  Amanda  Mrs 
Busan  Hewitt,  Daniel,  Mrs.  Bailie  Danner,  David  and  U.  8.  Grant  Leeper  Our  subject 
enlisted,  October  16,  1868,  in  the  I  me  Hundred  and  Sixty  lii'ih  Regiment  Pennsylvania 
\  olunteer  infantry,  and  was  assigned  to  the  Amu  of  the  Potomac.  He  was  in  many  en- 
pap  ments  around  Suffolk,  Va.,  and  received  an  honorable  discharge  July  38,  1868.  Mr 
Leeper  is  a  Btanch  and  life-long  Republican,  and  takes  a  deep  interest  in  public  affairs 
rihy  wife  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  He  has  been  a 
class-leader  for  manj  years,  and  an  exhorter.     He  is  one  of  the  old  pioneers  of  this  lo- 


.-■--  ■  -  „»»„  oUli,o  enterprise. 

He  located  at  Hastings,  Minn.,  in  1855,  in  merchandising  and  in  the  grain  and  commis 
sum  business,  and  while  there  he  built  the  largest  grain  elevator,  at  that  time,  in  the 
^'H'  I"  18l>:i  he  sold  out,  and  embarked  with  his  brother  in  the  wholesale  glove  and 
mitten  trade  in  1869  be  became  largely  interested  in  farming  lands  in  North  Carolina 
Where  he  resided,  as  a  planter  and  fruit  eulturist,  until  1878.  In  that  year  he  accepted  an 
imitation  from  the  .South  Mountain  Iron  Company  to  locate  with  them.  He  has  entire 
lie  ti  extensive  farms  and  mill,  and  also  carries  on  the  store  in  their  building 
Re  also  holds  the  appointment  of  postmaster  of  Pine  Grove  Furnace.  Col.  North  first 
married  Miss  Henrietta  E.  Claflin,  of  Buffalo,  N.  Y  ,  and,  she  dying  a  short  time  there- 
after, he  subsequently  married  Miss  Elizabeth  B.  Mulford,  of  New  York  City  who  died 
at  Pine  Grove  Furnace  January  9,  1881,  leaving  one  daughter,  Henrietta  E.,  now  attend- 
ing school  at  Canandaigua,  Ontario  Co.,  N.  Y. 


CHAPTER  XLIV 


DICKINSON  TOWNSHIP. 


„  I)AN  ,KNK)  AMK*  farmer.  P.  O.  Mooredale,  was  born  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  May 
",.1860  His  lather.  Dr.  Fisher  W.  Ames,  was  a  native  of  Cincinnati  and  a  graduate  of 
Ohio  Medical  (  ollege,  and  was  for  many  years  a  very  successful  medical  practitioner 
in  t  ineinnati.  Dr.  Ames  rendered  valuable  services  to  the  Government,  as  surgeon  of  the 
Sixth  Regiment  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion.  Dunns  Pres 
ident  Grant  -  administration,  the  Doctor  held  the  position  of  United  States  Consul  at  St 
Domingo,  for  about  -i\  year-,  and  then  resigned  on  account  of  ill  health;  he  died  in  1876 
Hisvyite.  (  nil,,  ,-,„,  Hendricks)  Fisher,  died  in  1S72.  Dan  Henry  Ames,  after  attendino-t.be 
Cim  mnati  High  School,  completed  his  education  at  Buchtel  College  Akron  Ohio  Hepur 
tarm  near  Abilene.  Kas..  where  he  located  in  1879,  and  while  there  he  married 
December  !i.   |sso.  Cyprianna   Hutchison,   a  native  of  Dickinson  Township,  this  county' 

\  and  Elizabeth  Hutchison,  now  reside  in  Hunt-dale,  this  count! 
in  March.  1881,  Mr  and  Mrs.  Ames  came  to  this  eouiitv  and  located  permanently  in  Dick- 
inson lown-Mp.  when  they  have  a  Hue  farm  of  100  acres  of  land,  on  which  they  have 
"  k  residence  and  substantial  farm  buildings;  they  also  own  another 
farm  of  97  acres  in  same  township.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ames  has  been  born  one  son 
Kenneth  Fisher  Ann-  in  politics  Mr.  Ames  is  a  Republican.  He  is  a  gentleman  of  up 
right  character  and  of  modest  demeanor,  a  man  of  excellent  influence  in  the  community. 
RUDOLPH  FISHB1  RN,  P.  O,  Greason  or  Carlisle,  was  born  in  Dauphin  County 
I  enn..  April  ;,.  1834.     Hi-  parents,  John  and  Catherine  (Carmany)  Flshburn,  natives  of 

Pennsylvania    settled  ID  Dickinson  Township,  this  CI  mm  (     in   1833       Theil  children  were 

Philip  (deceased),  John,  Anthony,   Mrs.   Barbara  Myers,   Mrs.   Helena  Myers   Rudolph 
and  Mrs.  Maria  Lee.     The  parents  of  these  children  acquired  a  line  ,  state 
ol  over  500  acres  ol   land  in  this  county.     The  father  died  in  April.    1861,  aged  seventv- 
ars,  and  the  mother  in  April,  1875,  aged  eighty-three  years.     They   were 


460  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

pioneer  people,  and  their  memory  will  long  be  cherished  by  those  who  knew  them.  Ru- 
dolph Fishburn,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  married,  November  17,  1857.  Mary  Magdalena 
Lehman,  a  native  of  South  Middleton  Township,  this  county,  born  near  Mount  Holly 
Springs  Her  father,  Adam  Lehman,  a  native  of  Tolpenhocken,  Berks  Co.,  Penn.,  came 
to  this  county  when  a  you  ig  man,  and  married  here  Miss  Magdalena  Burkholder,  a  native 
of  South  Middleton  Township,  this  county,  and  they  lived  long  and  active  lives  in  that 
township,  until  his  death,  May  25,  1845.  His  widow  passed  her  last  days  with  her  daugh- 
ter Mrs.  Fishburu.  dying  March  21,  1871,  in  her  eightieth  year.  She  and  her  husband  were 
members  of  the  Lutheran  Church  at  Carlisle.  They  acquired  an  estate  of  three  farms,  and 
were  among  the  prosperous  and  influential  residents  of  this  county.  Of  their  ten  chil- 
dren six  are  living:  Daniel,  David,  Mrs.  Fishburn,  Mrs.  Sarah  Sener,  Mrs.  Margaret  Wolf 
and  Samuel.  Those  deceased  are  John,  Elizabeth,  Adam  and  William.  Since  their  mar- 
riage Mr.  and  Mrs.  Fishburn  have  resided  on  their  present  farm  in  Dickinson  Township, 
where  they  have  110  acres  of  fine  land,  well  improved,  on  which  is  an  elegant  stone  resi- 
dence. Mr.  Fishburn  is  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church.  He  is  a  man  of  frank  and 
generous  nature,  and  has  many  friends.  In  politics  he  is  a  Republican. 
'  SAMUEL  GALBRAITH  (deceased),  of  Scotch  descent,  was  born  in  County  Antrim, 
Ireland,  in  1767,  and  came  to  the  United  States  while  quite  a  young  man.  There  were  four 
brothers— Robert,  Samuel,  Joseph  and  John.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  a  contractor 
on  public  works,  and  as  such  was  closely  connected  with  the  early  development  of  the 
country.  In  1794  he  settled  in  Cumberland  County,  buying,  with  his  brother  Robert,  a 
tract  of  land  in  Dickinson  Township,  to  which  he  moved  when  he  retired  to  private  lite. 
He  married  a  daughter  of  Squire  Moore  (John  Moore),  who  died  in  1813,  leaving  six 
children— John,  Eleanor,  Samuel,  Maria,  Matthew  and  Thompson  Moore.  He  died  in 
January,  1851.  .  „  , 

THOMPSON  MOORE  GALBRAITH  (deceased),  youngest  son  of  Samuel  Galbraith,  was 

born  November  10,  1813.  He  left  school  at  fifteen  years  of  age  and  at  once  commenced  work 
on  his  own  account.  Like  his  father,  his  first  ventures,  even  before  reaching  manhood, 
were  on  public  works,  being  engaged  at  various  times  on  the  Erie  Canal,  Baltimore  & 
Ohio  Railroad,  Cumberland'  Valley  Railroad  (the  heavy  cut  at  Newville),  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  at  Perrysville,  Mifflin,  Huntington  and  Greensburgh,  and  the  North  Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad.  He  returned  to  the  Cumberland  Valley,  and  commenced  farming  at  the 
old  homestead  in  the  spring  of  1854,  where  he  remained  until  the  time  of  his  deaih.  De- 
cember 28.  1863.  A  modest,  gentle,  generous,  unassuming,  able  man,  he  made  many 
friends,  and  had  few,  if  any,  enemies.  The  soul  of  honor  himself,  his  charity  and  gener- 
osity were  at  all  times  being  exercised  in  behalf  of  his  fellow-men.  He  was  married,  Oc- 
tober 10,  1848,  to  Elizabeth  Woods,  of  Salem,  Ohio,  a  daughter  of  Robert  H.  Woods,  a 
Scotch-Irish  Presbyterian,  who  came  to  America  in  1818.  Four  children  survived  him— 
William  W.,  Emma  W.,  Lois  C.  and  Annie  M.,  the  eldest  child,  a  son.  dying  in  infancy. 
Of  these,  Emma  W.  died  March  25,  1871,  as  she  was  verging  on  womanhood;  Annie  _M. 
chose  the  study  of  medicine,  and  graduated  with  great  credit  at  the  Woman's  Medical 
College  of  Philadelphia,  taking  a  post-graduate  course,  lasting  two  years,  under  some  of 
the  most  eminent  specialists  of  Vienna  and  Munich;  whilst  Lois  C.  more  modestly  sought 
happiness  in  the  beaten  paths.  . 

WILLIAM  WATTS  GALBRAITH  was  born  September  30,  1851,  in  Dickinson  Town- 
ship, this  county.  After  receiving  a  common  school  education  he  went  to  the  Pennsylvania 
State  College,  graduating  in  the'scientific  course.  In  1871  he  commenced  farming  at  the 
old  homestead,  but  quit  in  1873  to  go  to  West  Point.  Graduating  there  in  1877  he  was 
was  appointed  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  Artillery,  and  served  successively  in  Charles- 
ton S  C.  Atlanta,  Ga.,  and  Fort  Schuyler,  N.  Y.,  until  May,  1882,  when  he  was  ordered 
to  the  artillery  school,  where  he  graduated  in  April,  1884,  and  was  ordered  to  Governor's 
Island,  N.  Y.  In  July  of  that  year  he  was  detailed  professor  of  military  science  and  tac- 
tics—serving  also  as  professor  of  mathematics— at  the  Pennsylvania  Military  Academy, 
from  which  he  was  relieved,  at  his  own  request,  July  1,  1885.  Being  again  ordered  to 
Governor's  Island,  he  was  detailed  to  go  with  his  battery  to  Mount  McGregor  at  the  tirne  of 
Gen.  Grant's  death,  and  served  with  the  Guard  of  Honor  from  July  28  until  the  inter- 
ment. August  8.  Promoted  to  a  first  lieutenancy  in  the  same  regiment,  and  ordered  to 
Fort  Hamilton  September  23,  he  served  with  the  guard  at  Grant's  tomb  from  December 
15,  1885.  to  February  15,  1886.  Serving,  August  26,  1886,  at  Fort  Hamilton,  N.  Y.,  in 
command  of  Battery  M,  Fifth  Artillery. 

HARRY  HANCE.  miller.  P.  O.  Huntsdale.  was  born  in  Frederick  County.  Md., 
February  26,  1849.  His  parents,  John  and  Sarah  (Eicholtz)  Hance,  were  natives  of  York 
County  Penn.,  and  removed  to  Maryland,  where  they  remained  until  their  death;  he  died 
Julv  lo'  1867   and  his  widow  May  9.  1872.     Of  their  ten  children  our  subject  is  the  third. 

""  the  mil- 

fellow 

Ells- 

w'onh'county!*Kas""  He  located  at  HuntsdaJe,  this  county,  in  the  spring  of  1882,  and  here 
he  is  interested  in  the  production  of  the  Cumberland  Mills  (formerly  known  as  Chambers 


DICKINSON    TOWNSHIP,  4(jj 

Switzerland  to  A,,,',,,,,  i„  ,  Vl-n  e  .7  '  ,r.v'  ."V,-  ,lls  Keat-grandfather  came  from 
born  in  America    Daniel  Bollinwr    i :  ■  t    ,J,r         ^ godfather, J*< II .ger,  was 

riage  t)..-v  settled  in  Mouroe  Township  1.  s  •, ,  ,  •  «  ,  Vi  •  yr  rmmediately after  mar- 
tomaturitv  and  sue  are  now  living  Daniel  in  pi^  '  ,  '""'  el?ven  ''1"1'1''''"  '""<'  grew 
Kas.;  Mrs.  Elizabeth  HaWdS»-"lfa  ciiher^Jp?^  K  ",\' ;"  V!':  Jonn-  ia  B™"". 
father  ol  these  children  departed  uSflifatn irS  v','  ;  and  Mra  Re°eoca  Martin.  The 
was  a  life-Ions  minteter  „    the     '  ,,„  ,,, •  M Si  ;""    hl"  ^'dow survived  until  1873.     He 

their  father's? steps  be ,      >       i    '  '     ;    "n     S  I6™0'  Ws  S<??8'  fo«owingin 

his  memory  is  cherished  and  honored  bv  all  «  „f  ?  .  Ie  w™3  an  uP"«ht  pioneer,  and 
subjec.  of  Jhis  sketch,  waTmarrfed'ocSblr 4 Tl849  tolferv  A  &*  ;Vl"°b  1Iulli»^-  the 
roe  Township,  this  county  where  her  ,  ,,■  ,  t  1  ,  i  WA,.™''  a  natlv«  of  Mon- 
theirdeath.  ^After their  maS  RevS'HoC^  ?■'"'",  Sheaffer  resided  until 
Township,  this  county  ami  it  ,  is y>  , .,,.1.  ,'!,,'  ,  ,  ,*?  ?  "  !ls  Wlfe  settled  in  Dickinson 
resided  until  1861,  then  returned  to  fflnlor  ffi  M"MI',"!"  Township,  where  they 
By  industry  and  good  management thev  hale JSS^AV,*aA,bmn  2inoe  resided  h"e 
improved  tarn,  laid,  and  al  ?  v  t  ,V  I  .,''''',  \  1,"(JIf1ur'»  "f  '30  acres  of  well 
To  .hem  Have  been  born  eleven  children  ■ .. . n  ?  tllllbered  laad  0Q  South  Mountain. 
ge  William.Mrs  PtoS  HeTtzkr  M™  Pl^  htw8"  no,w  livin-  •'"'"1  Edw*«i. 
Cooper,  and  Alice  Eva.    (>„ "  ui.i  ■  t united  ui' Myers.  Jacob  8.,  Mrs.  Anna  Mary 

is  a  man  of  Arm  principles  and  strict  in,    ;,;,  , 'on  he  MS  sustained  ever  since.     He 

entire  community,  integrity,  a  worthy  ciuzen,  highly  respected  by  the 

c " M^hL-3^:  ^r^LlSe  'SSRft  ffi  ^  in  Di(*{?">n  Township,  this 

Switzerland  to  America  with  b?  ,  -uk  i  ,7  r  o  !''''  "f  °'"'  M,l'"'*'t'  emigrated  from 
Pennsylvania,  where  he  grew  to  manhood Tnd  m*V^  ?  ?oung  boy;  they  settled  jt» 
Zimmerman:  and  in  K7s  U,,v  ,  .■  „     to  D h„     „  T  ,  -,n  Laiuaster   County.  Salome 

'■""l  «  "  1»«r  children,  David  n  im  in  ,  n  a  .''  I'  "P;  th\*  £0U\^i  and  Purchased 
Elizabeth.  Susanna  and  Salo.n  ■  se      ,     „     ,  ,'     ,     Couaty;  John  William.  Abraham, 

an(i  '  i  on  the  f:„,    iv  I.    nest  ,       „  ?  '    J''    Joh.?  m"r  ^  Au»a  B.  Le  Fevre 

George  I..   Mrs.  Catherine  TriM  ■'  -v  r    ,1 '?''  'lT<l\  ll,cir  chiMn  u  were  Joh° 

Mari  .  Line,  and  sue |  ,,„  ,,,-,.;.  , ^  „n1,   ;\.    ;/     '  '  ,  "'d  ,balVnw-     ^orge  L.   married 

jrere  b,„n  l,„„    ,),  ibln-n :  Mrs    i;,,,  l(..-t  1    I      „  ,'        "V    T  T  steAad- and  t0  ""»  and  his  wife 

1.     George  L   lane  was  a  very  p. o m ine  .  ^  m     ^ -A-  Bmanuel  0..  and  Abram 

old  State  mUitia;  he  di  •    i      ssv     i     v  f  "    ""i  a!"was. Lionel  of  a  regi- 

the  s„bj<.,-tof  1 ^iss  k1  tolf  m    hi  t;;de';art,;d  ,hl^  l«h  in  1869.    Their 

a  nativ '  Carlisle,  and  daughter  >  lih    u      i  '      ,l'''','r '  ''  l863'  Sarah  B.  McMath, 

Irish  descent.     Since  the ir marriage  , ,     I '  "}  ,1",';r,'1,il"t'  J,;lmes  McMath'  ot  ***»*» 

'ded  to  him  fro,,,  his?,  oihV'     ,■    cb1,;'  n',,    n'  roe?lded,0n  [hr  P^sentfarm, 
1  *e  family  torthe  last  flftv  C,    r     ,         «  '  fa""ly'  and  Das  ljee"  in  the 

and  well  improved  land,  and  in.  i u,  ,      ," ,,     ,'    h, ,  ',  ?  I  ''"'■  "n rtV  "''   I20  ^res  of   fertile 

our  subjeel  and  wife  have  !„' „  I ,  V n  o  ,  t,  n  ?  e«  P^^grounds  in  the  county.  To 
Line  enlisted,  in  July,  ,s,;.   ,„,',"(  <  "}]h"'  -'  Laura  Augusta^    Mr- 

svlvan.a  Volunteer  infanirv.  BeTL^assiJned  ,  I  I  and  Tbrti^h  Regiment  Penn- 
tothe  historic  cam]  ,n,  .    ,,  C.  :       "  he  A,;"'-V  "f .""-'  Potomac,  and  served 

of  South  Mountain, /ntietam  l' '  ■]  ,'.      ,1,    ,  V  [',  ,  1'V"<,kPart  tothehard-fought  battles 

"■  and  —   bono  :l    v  ,'.«,'        I^tm  fi'"^  ?  8li«Ut 

promotion,  to  the  rank  of  fourth  s,,-,r,:,,      \      f,  ?7,         '  after  llavl"-  '''■"'"•  by 

politic,  but  is  no,   an  earnest  .\a,,o,I,i       '     ]  r    ' ,  a         "  aS    °^  """W  V.ears  a  Republican  in 

pecially  in  the  cause  of  education   ■  ,',    i L  i  ,.  ,       ,f :r,":      """'  ;,1V:lirs'  es" 

SChool   director       He  is  8    I  ,   '  ,„ .  .         s|    | '    '.''    UP0n    l".  ;"',■    his    township   a3 

county  May  "&  sonTiavid  who^a  s^fof'wiifu  Di,ki,,s"n  Township,  this 
Line,  the  foundero  mil,  in  .hise',  „  ,   •  ofr,Wlllla?.  who  was  a  son  ol  Ueorge 

tte home  district,  and  completed  hfs  edu^UoHi' ,  ""  s,"'i"''' ;ll>"'"'-'  the  schoolsof 
Hope,  Penn.  Seven  rears  of  his  earfy  mtnhood V™.?6  »,n  ""-''^  •v'-ail'-»'>  a<  Qood 
County,  [owa,  during  which  time  h,- '  ',  ,  '  Lom?to  aK  £*SaP^  '"  ^"""Woii 
marned,  November  30,  1864,  Mary  E  lliki  ,n  ,  ,,  if  ,  '  r  ullr  u'l,l,tr-  He 
DaTidaDdL' ^McAU"  -d--fternmk^geXCa^ 


462  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

resides  in  Dickinson  Township,  where  he  has  a  fine  farm  of  173  acres,  being  part  of  the 
homesteads  of  both  families.  On  this  farm  David  Line  has  erected  a  handsome  brick  res- 
idencfandvery  complete  and  substantial  farm  buildings.  Jo  our  subject  and  wife  were 
born  five  children:  James  Edwin.  William  D..  Samuel  A.,  Marion  Myers  and  SarahEUa 
Mrs  Line  did  November  12,  1876.  She  was  a  sincere  Christian,  a  devoted  wife  and 
mother  aid  h"r  death  was  mourned  by  a  large  circle  of  friends.  She  was  a  member  of  he 
Presbvterian  Church.  Mr.  Line  and  all  his  sons  are  members  of  the  First  Presbyterian 
ChuXat  Carlisk  Penn.  Our  subject  devotes  a  great  deal  of  attention  to  the  education 
of  his  children,  and  takes  a  deep  interest  in  all  enterprises  for  the  mental  and  moral  im- 
provement of  the  community.     In  politics  he  is  a  Republican. 

EMANUEL  C.  LINE,  farmer,  P.  O.  Carlisle,  was  born  on  the  farm  where  he  now  re- 
sides in  Dickinson  Township,  this  county,  May  8,  1837.  His  father.  Geo.  L •  L-ne^was  a 
son  of  John  Line,  and  a  grandson  of  George  Line  the  original  founder  of  the  family  in 
this  county.  John  Line  married  Barbara  Ann  Le  Fevre,  and  to  them  were  born  five 
children  viz  :  George  L.,  John  (deceased),  Salome  (deceased)  Mrs.  Catherine  Tritt  (de- 
ceased) and  Mrs  Mary  Ann  Coulter.  George  L.  Line  married  his  second  cousin,  Miss 
Ma  ia  Line  daughter  of  Emanuel  Line,  and  granddaughter  o  William  Line),  and  they  Bet 
tied  on  the  family  homestead,  which  was  purchased,  in  1778  by  George  Line  (grandfather 
of  George  L.)  from  Gen.  John  Armstrong,  and  has  been  in  the  possession  of  the  family  for 
four  venerations  The  old  mansion  residence,  built  of  stone,  was  erected  by  Gen  Arm- 
s?ion|?r  70?8  and  is  still  occupied.  Here  Mr.  and  Mrs.  George tL.  Line  resided  until 
their  death,  their  children  are  as  follows  Mrs.  Elizabeth  M.  Hemmingei •John  A 
Emanuel  C.  and  Abram  L.  Mrs.  George  L.  Line  died  November  27,  186 9  and  Mr  Line 
died  November  5,  1885,  aged  eighty  years,  ten  months  and  ten  days.  He  was  a  ^eM  and 
highly  respected  citizen,  and  the  memory  of  this  couple  is  cherished  by  a  large  circle  of 
relatives  and  friends.  Emanuel  C.  Line  remained  on  the  mansion  farm  ami  too*  care 
of  his  parents  in  their  old  age.     He  now  owns  here  a  fine  property  of  101  acres  of  well- 

ilDP JACOB  ZITZER  LINE,  farmer,  P.  O.  Carlisle,  was  born  in  Dickinson  Township, 
this  county,  September  22.  1854.  His  father,  George  Line,  a  son  of  Abraham  and  grand- 
son of  Geone  was  born  March  5,  1801,  and  married  Miss  Rebecca  Myers,  daughter  of  Ja- 
cob and  Susan  Myers  and  to  them  were  born,  Abram  (deceased),  George  (deceased)  Mrs. 
Rebecca  Lotm  (Rebecca's  twin  sister  died  in  infancy),  Jacob  Zitzer,  Mrs.  Anne  Lindsey, 
William  Mrs  Agnes  Allen,  and  Mollie  (deceased).  The  father  of  these  children  died  Sep- 
tember 9  1877  and  he  mo  her  now  resides  in  Carlisle,  Penn.  Jacob  Zitzer  Line  married, 
December  28,  876.  Jane  Margaret  Lindsey,  a  native  of  West  Pennsborough  Township, 
this  county,  and  a  daughter  of  John  F.  and  Rachel  (Woodburn)  Lindsey ..and |  after  th  ir 
marriage  they  settled  on  their  present  farm,  where  they  have  108  acres  of  iert  le  and  well 
hnproved  land.  To  them  have  been  born  the  following  children:  Mervin  Lindsey  George 
Valentine  and  Leroy  Zitzer.  Mr.  Line  is  a  member  of  the  Evangelical  Association  his 
wffe  being  a  member  of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church  at  Carlisle  He  is  earnestly d* 
voted  to  the  cause  of  literature  and  education,  ane!  is  a  member  ot  the  Pansy  class ;  ot 
the  Chautauqua  Literary  and  Scientific  Circle.  In  politics  he  is  a  Republican,  with  sti  ong 
temperance  princip^  ^  ^  born  ou  the  f  where  be  now  re- 

sides, m  Dickinson  Township,  this  county,  February  14 ,1851  His  S^^S^i 
ham,  son  of  the  well-known  pioneer  George  Line  married  Christina  Eby  and  their  chil 
dren  were  as  follows:  Abram.  William.  Gabriel.  George.  Henry,  Mrs.  Ann  Carothers, 
Mrs  Sarah  Kurtz.  Mrs.  Susan  Tritt  and  Mrs.  Betsy  Le  Fevre  William  became :  the .founder 
of  Linesville.  Crawford  Co.,  Penn.,  Henry  married  Francis  Donor,  and  reared  a  family  of 
four  children:  Mrs.  Frances  Peffer,  Mrs.  Jane  Myers,  James  V.  and  Laura;  his  wife  died 
April  19  1875,  and  be  followed  her  May  19,  1879.  Henry  Line  was  an  influential  citizen; 
he  acquired  an  estate  of  522  acres  of  land,  in  four  farms.  James  V.  Line,  the  subject  of 
this  sketch  married.  January  20.  1874.  Catherine  Spot*  a  native  of  Dickinson '  TownshiP, 
this  county;  her  parents,  Abram  and  Mary  Spotts,  now  reside  at  Battle  Greek,  MaU 
Iowa  Since  their  marriage  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Line  have  resided  on  the  old  homestead  of  his 
fattier  and  here  he  has  a  fine  farm  of  150  acres  of  fertile  and  well  improved  land  To  our 
subiect  and  wife  have  been  bom  two  children:  James  Harvey  and  Milhcent  May  Mrs 
Line  s  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church.  Mr.  Line  is  a  life-  ong  Republican.  He  is  an 
enter  >r  si v<  and  successful  farmer,  and  enjoys  the  respect  of  the  entire  community. 

SVMUEL  C  LINE,  farmer,  P.  O.  Carlisle,  was  born  in  Dickinson  Township  this 
county  October  2  1840.  His  great-grandfather.  George  Line,  a  native  of  Switzerland 
came  t<'»  this  conn  y  from  Lancaster  County,  Penn..  in  1778,  and  purchased  540  acres  of 
lMd  from  Gen  John  Armstrong,  and  resided  here  until  his  deafh.  His  sons  and  daugh- 
ter's were  William.  David.  Abiaham,  John,  Mrs.  Elizabeth,  McFeely,  Mrs.  Sarah  Ho.uk 
and  Mrs  Susanna  Smith.  William,  a  soldier  in  the  Revolutionary  war.  married  a  Miss 
Bear  and  hv  ended  their  lives  in  Dickinson  Township,  this  county;  their  childrer .were 
Geor'-e  N  icy  M  sselman.  Catherine  Eby,  Mary  Spangler,  Emanuel,  Sally  Tritt,  Rachel 
Snyder'    Susanna    Myers,   David.   Rebecca   Givler,  and  Lydia  Myers.     David  was  born 


DICKINSON   TOWNSHIP.  |i;;! 

August ^80,  1793;  he  married  Mi-  Sarah  Myers,  and  they  located  on  the  family  homestead 
jrheretheyerected  the  present  comn ious  mansion,  .,,,1  reared  a  famUj  $  eienl  chi! 

£j ■■■■';■",    P.avIdb'    ',"  SajahJwe Huston,  Prances  R  (deceased!,  and  BamuelC     The 

subject  oi  Uus  sketch    after  attending  the  district  s.-h ,  completed  his  education* 

Burns  Academy  Good  Hope  this  county.     Be  married,  February   ■■:;   1S7I  MiV  f    m 

.M  ers  ui,„«:,.  ho,-,,  ■„  Carlisle  Penn.,  while  her  father,  John  Myers  was  I, oldin • '  t  .' 
ofice  ol  shenfl  o    this  county.  John  Myers  came  fro,,,  I,,,,,,,.,,     ,  ,    ,  ,        'f.j  .  ' 

buon  Township    tins  ,,,„,„>•    with  his  parents,  when  he  was  lour  vearsof  a«s  married 

to  maturity,  Emma  (wife  ol  our  sub  eet)  bein-  the  voun-est.  Mr  Myers  located  with 
his  anuly  ,n  McCutchenville,  Wyandfol  County,  Ohio  in  is4.-,;  there  purchased  the  hotel 
m^L"ocrairne^dTndgM™rerindfV0%^slife:  «»yo' Ws SesSaKow reside 

dt^broar^isre"5  "T ■•>■;•■'-■  "*  re#ed  wit1'  herson^o&mhe^deatt  ^ 

F     r.    r v  24  iul   i  I'  "ESS  b',S  .""S  Iif''  ""  ","   larln  iQ  tbis  c°»n,V-    He  married 

ilipiiiiiiiii 

\\inmhi.  Scott  Morrison  was  born  May  12, 1844     He  enlisted   An<n«t  n   ksro  • 

couniv   1[    ■  i      k'         i     '  r  O.Greason,  was   born  in  Dickinson  Township;  this 

born  in  March    1825    her  f.'ti,   ,  <(■    V"'1?-  ?  n8tlT«  of  Adams  County.  Penn.. 

an, I  here   bv  iu,l  ,,-,    ■  ,,,  I         '       ^yers  located  on  the  present  famil]  homestead  in  1*47, 

g  SSSB 

November  li'  18nf WashWton  E^6"^  W  &  ""'  r:ivin^  in  "'    :<"  '""  »ank 


464  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

and  mother,  an  earnest  Christian,  and  her  death >  was ^urned  by  a  large  circle  of  Wends. 
Mr.  Myers  now  resides  on  he  homest, ad  w.  h^lf^nZ"io\,  education  ot  his 
man  Baptist  Church.     He  has  devoted  a  git.u  uuiu  successful  and  much 

children1^  his  son  David  was  for  many  years  bef ore  h.s  dea ^^ ^  8uniTCrgally  re. 
SdSrt  rs0knoywnJarI0ebfiStSheS  oVceof  school  director  formany  years.  In 
P0UpCFORrEWmpAXT0N   postmaster  of  Hunters  Run,  was  born  in  Carroll  County 

mmmmmm 

mountain  community.  _  He  attended  the  p    m liivc  twelfth  to  h  s  twen- 

acquired  a  good  education  by  private  re. uhng  and  st udy.  F rom  his  t  merc.handis  at 
tieth  year  he  worked  with  Mr.  Philip  U.  Howe,     in  100  £ f    .     y  building, 

Gardiner's  store,  South  Mountain,  locating  in  1»  »>  m  «: yen to ;wn  i u  n  .  »_ 

which  he  had  erected  for  that  purpose  in  the  W«a«t^»  and  also  dealt  in  en- 
terprise, he  opened  another  ?t    e  «f.at  H   n  U^  Run  b.^ion  ^ 


the  manufacture  of  charcoal,  selling  10  '        u^/     rj^   4.%       of  Boiling  Springs, 
Pine  Grove  Furnace,  Cumberland  Co.,  Penn..  and  to  i^.  vv  •  iuii  a>  o     .  ,    ,  j>     '       " 

DemwATTH<R  STUART    farmer,  P.  O.  Mooredale,  was  horn  in  Dickinson  Township, 
this  fount?  January  27 ml    His  grandfather,  Samuel  Stuart,  one  of  the  sturdy  Scotch- 


BAST    l'ENN'SBOROUGH   TOWNSHIP.  |C,;, 

Mshrace.a  nativeof  Donegal,  [reland.  came  to  America  when  a  young  man  and  mar- 
ried Miss  «  county      They  located  in  the- then  villa  le   and 

conducted  a  tavern  for  several  years,  and  afterward  retired  to  a  farm  in  Dickinson 
rownehip,  this  county  where  the;  resided  until  their  death  Theii  children  were:  Samuel 
father  o|our  subject)  James,  Walter,  Mrs  Polly  Greer,  Ann,  and  Margaret.  Samuel 
»>>"''!<  x  '  ■' "  P°naldson.a  Dative  of  Dickinson  Township,  this  counti  and  thei  re 
sio>donafarmin  this  township,  until  their  death;  she  died  June  23,  1866.  and  he  died  May 
.    1878,  in  hi-,  eighty  fifth  year.     Their  children  were:  Samuel  (deceased)   Mr.   Eliza  Jane 

H»y.  and  Walter.     T object  of    this  sketch  remained  win,  hi,  paJen^ during  the°r 

hft land  took care  of them  in  their 'old  age.  Be  married,  February  18,  1869,  Julia  \nn 
Spanger,  and  ihey  lived  on  the  old  homestead  until  ism.  when  thev  moved  to  the  , 
on  which  hey  now  reside;  they  have  here  a  property  of  180  acres  oi  fertile  and  well  S 

proved  land,  besides  I Id  homestead  farm,  and  a  tract  of   thirteen  acres  of  timbered 

fend  on  South  Mountain    To  them  have  been  born  nine  children:  Samuel  Walter  Anna 

Hays  deceased),  Nancy  Jane  Margaret  Ramsey,  John  Knox,   Ella  M.   and  George 
SF2SZ-.    ""'M,,,I''M  l»asbeena  Repubhcan  eversime  IV,, nt  Lincoln's  second  term. 

He  takes  a  deep  intwesl  in   public  alia,,-.,    especially    in  Hi,-    cause    of  education.      He  and 

li-Nuuln  wife  are  members  ol  he  Presbyterian  Church  at  Dickinson.  He  is  a  worthy 
descendant  oi  one  oi  the  oldest  pioneer  famUies  of  this  county,  an  upright  citizen  eniov- 
rag  tlie  respect  and  esteem  of  hi.  fellow-townsmen  w&™  uuzen,  enjoy 

w»?nH£  '',  ""''',AMS'  merchant   and  postmaster  of  Mooredale.  this    county,  was 

mZZhLt te'wlC0"nlynPebr?,y  ,S'  l84T'  s,m  of  ,1"'  "ell-known  and  successful 
merchant,  Jos ep h  Williams.    Our  subject   received  hi,  education  in  the  schools  of  the 

me  distnct     and.  liavmu-   bee,,   en-a-ed    in    his   father's   store   from  childhood,  he  was 

•  »  1". >•■<!•  :"  fourteen  '•"■""-  "    "^  ,or  U  illiam  "   A11"n-  aa  derk,  until  1864.     lie  next 

1  "*•    i;',    Peter  Garter,  at  Centreville,  for  one  year,  and  after  that  he  clerked  for  five 

yeare  at  Chambersburg.     1.,  March   1872,  he  established  a  general  store  at  Mooredale 

lei',''     ,  \;:"'U'ur-  ,""1'  ■'■'  '  hr  ",n"   Qame  0f  "  illiama  *   Co.;    they  keep  a  very  com- 

''  '     "'  *3  SOOds,  groceries  and  provisions,  hoots  and  shoes,  hats  and  caps  clothim- 

hardware  queensware,  notions,  and  an  assortment  of  sueh  other  articles  as  a  c  need'  to 
supply  the  wants  of  a  country  community.  Mr.  Williams  has.  by  courtesy  and  strict  bus a 
nc.spnn.apl,-,  built  upa  barge  and  prosperous  trade,  and  has   m himself  popX  w> 

;1  classes.  He  married,  November  18,  1868,  Susan  Garter,  daughter  of  Peter  Garter 
Phej  have  four  children:   Harry  J..  Samuel  <;  .  Sarah  n.  and  Catherine  E.     Mr  Williams 

Mooredale      April   I    l88o),  and  he  still  holds  the  ofliee  l,y   re  appointment.      He  and   his 

worthy  wife  are  cons  stent  members  of  the  German  Baptist  Church.    He  is  a  man  of  strict 

Republican      ""  "''"^  <i,iZt'n'  ""***  by  th°  entire  immunity.     In  poS  be  is  a 


CHAPTER   XLV. 


EAST  PENNSBOROUGH  TOWNSHIP  AND   BOROUGH  OF 
CAMP   HILL. 

ROBERT  C   BAMFORD,  heater.  P.  0.  West  Fairview,  is  a  native  of  Wheeling  W 

^,  ,!■":'.. N'';V  '"' ".'   ',  ,M!I      Hjsfather,  Henry A:Bamford, was  born  a,  Anil'ta^Md 

ixteen 
?  to 
He 


«...i  u«      ,,.,,,  mic  luuowing  name,  cliildren:  \\  illiam  S..   Robert  ('      Henry  \     Ceor-e 
*£S'l       ,'."•■   ^"■-"'^'"VV-'-  and  Sarah  and  Ann  So •„..  a  (deceased).     'Robert  (\V.a,„- 

fr    was  thirteen  years old  when  his  parents  removal  to  \\  est  Fairview,  this  ,,„„,. v.  and 

at  #nee  weni  to  work  ,„  the  nail-mill   here,  where  he  is  now  a  heater.      In  1872   he   was 

nnlted  ..,  marnage  with  Mary  J.,  daughter  of  George  B.  Brown,  of  Baltimore   m,i     They 


46g  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

,  .,  ,        ,.   •         -n„i,o^t  P     Mnrv  Bessie   George  Coleman  and  Alvah.     Five  are 

sssjs  sasgg  -doiiies^nn  nerd's 

odist  Epis.-pal  Churcl^  ided  hwe  8ince  1851 

HENRY  BENDER  pate^rolle^e.    Fa    vov   *    o      his  father  and  grandfather 
was  born  in  Lancaster  County,  Pe   n     Ma     i     .^ k     .  Leonard  Bender,  the 

lived,  the  former  having  a  farm  f^^^°^^     this  county,  where  he  died  in 
father,  went  on  a  farm  in  Ji.ist  renusuoio  .b  .    „  subject,  was  seven 

1858,  his  wife  and  son  dying  the  same  year.     At  tins     m    H ^  J.  t0WJnshi  ;       to 

years  old.     For  five  years  he  lived  w,  h  Jos  ph     lun        _,  occupations,  until 

school.     After  he  left  here  he  wo  kc '         ■>       m  ei  o t    >  ^  •  he  has  aince  re. 

1861,  when  he  was  employed  in  the  P''.^.ml ... . 'VtVr  of  George  Mann,  of  this  township; 
mained.     In  1871  he  was  married  to  h  u  ah   .la. £ ;.      *      ~  •  daughter 

she  died  in  1876  without  issue   and  in  18,8  >       Hen        moi       a  .  Bendersville, 

of   William  H.    Rice,    then   of   Mechauicsbii.gh   Penn.     bhe w       oo  wUh  ^ 

Adams  Co.,  Penn.   in  1868,  whence   on   he  kail   otliu  mo   a  ;  ^^  ^ 

aunt  in  Franklin  County   Penn ..  suymg  ten  jca.s    atUn    n  family  removed 

came  to  Mechamcsburg,  where  her  fa ther  ™>llvlJfr     'j^  flad  twin  giris,  who  died  in 
to  near  West  Fairview,  where  she  was  ™edf      l^  1™      Clmrch.  aShe  is  an  accom- 

pin  ,  of  -Well  lie  i«  a  gradon.e.  oar  jubjecl  r  .  .  n.  .1  .it  »"»'  T,       ,    ,  %„„ 

1868,  wUh  lllz.betn B     dauglilw  o 1  Dn. dd  O.  Bj  o>   <      "P  «%      „  /,    F„„„c, 

clUd™.  only  twool  wliom  were  aim i  « Hen  ,B        noil y'™""       d,        jMelIf,ir  ,„,„. 

Ksr.eTro.i.te.s'ie.s «««»» s  c~s  p^Lpro™,?kn.*'55s,,,s 

circles,  a  niemOer  ol  Eureka  Lodge.  Bo.  «  anil  Blmu  I  C  Perlline  Bnapier.  M  ,,,  „„ 
Mecd.nic.i™.  and  ol "P. g™  Coalman  de y  No  IB  «■  B.i  ;'",'„=„  „™in,y  o[  tim,  ,„ 
SlTX".;'*  l"  —  «'«   W.S  MeS  „.d  ».l*bo„  dope  «...  now  h,  h.. 

Our  subject  is  a  Demou.it,  uk  m»"  »  *  •        ' r,,-elected  in  1885  by  seventv-one, 

F^SSSS  Safes  stare  ass 

acknowledged  the  Pest,  oi   uie  ui.ui>  ,.      and  Mrs    Bowman  have  buried  two 

cation  and  care  of  the  orphans  of  he    so         -    /   yi^'  H..ry   A  lie  Jessie  and  Addison 

C.  Perkins  Chapter    No.  a W     »t  »U thai        >■       >™  *    *  h    advancement^  his 

Harrisburg.     He  takes  a  lead, ng  , >a.t  in  •>    ;»«,''>-  ,£  as  an  hoDorable  man  and 

goodefto  StiK  first  rank  amon™  tlfe  best  men  in  the  community  in  which  he  lives. 


EAST    PENNSBOROUQH    TOWNSHIP.  187 

BAMTTEL  C.  CRAWFORD,  painter,  Camp  Bill,  has  lived  eight  years  in  Camp  Hill, 
Easl  Pennsborough  Township,  carryingon  the  business  of  house  painting,  lie  was  horn 
in   Lam  Penn., in   1888.     Ilis  father,  William  Craw  tor.  1.  a  farmer,  and  his 

mother,  Elizabeth  (Cunningham)  Crawford,  were  also  natives  of  Lancaster.  His  grand- 
father, Thomas  Crawford,  immigrated  to  this  country  from  Cork.  Ireland,  many  years 
ago,  and  bought  a  farm  in  Lancaster  County,  near  Good  Hope  Furnace,  where  his  family 
11  born,  and  where  he  himself  died.  They  were  John,  James,  Robert,  Thomas, 
William.  David.  Jane,  Eliza  ami  Maggie.  William,  father  of  Samuel  ('.  Crawford,  lived  on 
the  farm,  which  he  managed  until  his  death;  he  died  in  1840,  aged  thirty-seven.  His  widow 
still  survives  him.  Thej  had  three  sons:  Jeremiah, William,  and  Samuel  ('.,  the  only  sur 
vivor.     He  was  less  than  two  e  when  his  father  died,  but  he  continued  to  live 

nn  another  farm,  with  Strangers,  until  he  was  fourteen,  when  he  went  to  Lancaster,  Penn., 

to  learn  the  trade  of  a  painter.     He  served  three  years  and  removed  to  Columbia,  where 

he  w. irked  until  1856;  thence  he  went  to  Cross  Creek  and  remained  a  year;  then  to  West 
Middleton,  and  later  to  New  Orleans.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  Rebellion  he  was  in  Nash- 
ville, Tenn..  where  he  enlisted  in  the  Union  Army,  and  served  until  the  close  of  Hie  war, 
when  he  returned  to  Pennsylvania,  arriving  in  Harrisburg  in  August,  1865,  and  there  he 
nine  years  In  September,  l*7t),  he  was  married  to  Miss  Sarah  A.,  daughter  of 
John  Stoufler,  of  Oysters  Point.  They  have  had  four  children:  Maggie  W.  (deceased). 
Albert  B.,  Philip  S.  and  Saidee  E.  Mr.  and  Mrs,  Crawford  are  members  of  the  Chureh  of 
God.  in  Camp  Hill.  He  is  an  intelligent  gentleman,  whose  travels  have  enlarged  his  ideas, 
and  he  bears,  among  all  who  know  hint,  an  admirable  reputation. 

Mils.  ANNIE  E.  ESHELMAN,  Camp  Hill.  This  lady  is  the  wido*  of  John  Eshelman, 
who  was  a  farmer,  and  one  of  the  best-known  residents  of  this  part  of  the  county.  He 
was  a  son  of  Samuel  Eshelman,  who  died  in  the  old  homestead,  near  Camp  Hill,  twenty 
year-  ago.  Samuel  Eshelman  had  live  daughters  and  one  son — John,  born,  in  1831,  on 
the  farm  on  which  he  spent  his  entire  active  life.  The  latter,  when  twenty-live,  married 
Susanna  Wolff,  who  die. I  in  1881,  leaving  no  children.  January  9,  1883,  he  was  married  to 
Mrs.  Annie  Grissinger.  and  died  October  6.  188.5,  leaving  no  issue.  Some  years  prior  to  his 
death  he  rented  his  farm  and  bought  a  fine  brick  residence  in  Camp  Hill,  where  his  widow 
now  lives.  He  left  behind  him  an  honorable  reputation.  His  widow,  born  July  14,  1843, 
is  a  daughter  of  Josiah  and  Elizabeth  Nelson,  of  Upper  Allen  Township,  this  county, 
Where  they  still  live.  She  lived  with  her  parents  until  1865,  when  she  was  married  to 
Jacob  H.  Grissinger.of  Upper  Allen  Township,  a  farmer,  justiceof  the  peace  and  surveyor, 
an  honored  citizen,  who  died  December  3,  1881,  leaving  three  chifdren:  Homer  Nelson, 
born  in  1871;  Bertha  N.,  born  in  1873;  Bessie  N,  born  in  1876.  living  with  their  mother. 
One  died  young.  After  her  husband's  death  Mrs.  Grissinger  went  with  her  children  to  live 
with  her  relative.  Mr.  Robert  Cornman,  of  Silver  Spring  Township.  A  year  later  she  mar- 
ried Mr. Eshelman  and  removed  to  her  present  residence.  With  ample  means  and  a  family 
of  affectionate  children,  she  is  happily  situated.  She  is  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church.  As  a  conscientious,  Christian  lady  she  well  deserves  the  esteem  in  which  she  is 
held. 

DAVID  G.  ET8TER,  farmer.  Camp  Hill,  is  a  great-great-grandson  of  George  Eyster, 
who  immigrated  to  this  country  in  the  seventeenth  century,  locating  in  Berks  County.  Penn., 
Where  he  prospered.  One  of  his  sons  married  there,  and  was  the  father  of  Jacob,  who 
the  husband  of  Magdalene  Burkhouse,  and  they  were  the  grandparents  of  David 
G.  They  lived  in  Abbottstown,  York  Co..  Penn.,  and  had  three  sous  and  one  daughter. 
His  wife  having  died.  Jacob  Eyster,  about  the  year  1780,  leaving  his  oldest  son  (who  was 
a  hatter,  and  his  daughter  in  Abbottstown,  look  his  two  young  boys  to  relatives  at  Adams- 
town.  Lancaster  County,  and  started  for  Virginia  to  buy  a  farm,  intending  to  return  for 
the  boys  and  his  girl,  but  was  never  after  heard  of.  At  this  time  a  man  was  robbed  and 
killed  on  the  Baltimore  road,  on  which  he  was  traveling,  and  his  family  supposed  him  to 
be  the  murdered  man.  The  boys  stayed  at  Abbottstown  for  awhile.  Abraham  learning 
the  trade   of  a  tail"!',  and  George  '  father  of  David  G.)  going  to  his  grandfather   Eyster,  in 

Berks  County,  and  afterward  to  wolferts  Mills.  As  soon  as  he  was  able  he  took  up  the 
occupation  of  driving  team  on  the  Pittsburgh  and  Harrisburg  road,  which  he  followed  for 

us.  He  then  went  tor  four  Mars  into  the  milling  business,  during  which  time  he 
was  married  to  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Nicholas  Keisicker,  of  Berks  County,  Penn.    Sub- 

.  he  bought  the  farm  of  'jr>u  acres  in  East  Pennsborough  Township,  which  is  still 
owned  by  David  G.,  who  is  an  only  child.  George  Evster  died  in  1KI<;.  ami  his  widowa 
few  years  later.  David  G.  Eyster.  who  wis  born  in  lS08  at  Milllown.  Allen  Township, 
Cumberland  County,  three  miles  from  Harrisburg,  spent  all  his  life  as  a  fanner  until,  in 
1859,  lie  retired  from  active  duties,  renting  his  farm  and  building  the  lion-.-  in  ( 'amp  Hill,  in 

which  he  lives.     In  1838  he  married  Miss  Hannah  Bechtel,  who  lived  Dear  Reading.    To 

this  union  seven  children  w  n  e  of  whom   are   now  living.     The  eldest,  George 

B..  is  sheriff  of  Cumberland  County;  David  is  on  a  cattle  ranch  in  Texas,  and  the  daugh- 
ter. Magdalene  lives  with  her  father.  The  mother  died  in  1875.  Mr.  Eyster  is  liked  in 
the  community  for  his  strong  upright  character,  which  commands  universal  respect. 

H.  M.  GLESSNER,  merchant,  West  Fairview,  is  son  of  John  Glessner,  who  emigrated 


468  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

from  Mecklenburg,    Hessen-Cassel,  Germany,  in  1833,  when  sixteen  years  old    and  re- 
mained in  Philadelphia  three  years,  working  as  a  shoe-maker;  then   lie  went  to  Lancaster 
City.where  he  was  married,  in  May,  1841, to  Margaret  Berg.a  native  of  Darmstadt,  be,  many. 
In  October    1844,   John  Glessner  removed  to  West   Fairview,  Cumberland   Co.,   Penn., 
where  he  carried  on  his  business  until  1801,  when  he  established  the  grocery  busm.-ssin 
the  building,  corner  of  the  s,,uaie,w,,icb  lias  been  carried  on  by  his  son.  II.  M.   since  1874. 
At  one  time  he  held  the  position  of  postmaster.     He  accumulated  considerable  means 
buying  the  store  property  and  another  near  the  river.     Alter  his  retirement  lie  was  in  11 
health  and  died  of  apoplexy.  August  26.  1876,  aged  fifty-nine  years    His  widows till  lives  n 
theiroldhomewithliertwo  youngest  children.   They  had  nine  children:  H.  M..  born  Febru- 
ary 7,  1847;  William,  born  May  6.  1856,  living  with  his  mother;  Jeniietta,  born  March  7 
1842.  wife  of  F.  G.  Sparrow,  of  Sharpsburg,  Md.;  Elizabeth  born  K-bruary  28   1844  wife 
of  George  Rowan,  of  Bellefonte;  Elonora,  born  August  2(1.  1853,  wife  of  C.  C.  Montelle. 
of  Norristown,  Pen.,.,  and  Margaret,  born  February  16,  1861   single     Th..se  deceased  are 
John    Reuben   E.    and  Margrctta.     H.  M.  Glessner   attended  school  until  186      when   he 
went  into  the  nail  factory,  working  as  a  feeder  until  the  burning  of  the  mill,  when  he 
worked  on  the  premises  "until  March,  1867,  when  for  five  months  he  attended  the  business 
college  at  Hanisburg;  then  clerked  for  his  father  until  he  succeeded  him      In  18,9  he 
failed  in  business  and  compromised  with  his  credi  ors  for  40  per  cent,  but  has  since   Ike 
an  honorable  man,  paid  every  dollar  of   his  indebtedness  in   full.      This  indicates  his 
sturdy  integrity,  and  is  a  record  he  and  his  family  may  justly  be  proud  of      In .1871  he 
married  Margery  Armstrong,  of  Mechanicsburg,  this  county,  who  died  in  1873,  leavings 
son,  John  A.fnow  fourteen  years  old.  and  in  1877  Mr.  Glessner  married  Emma  L.   Eck- 
man,  of  Columbia,  Lancaster  Co.,  Penn.,  and  they  have  had  five  children  two  of  whom 
died  within  a  few  days  of  each  other.     The  living  are  Thomas  C.  born  in  18,8;  Milton  V 
born  in  1882.  and  an  infant  daughter.     Mr.  Glessner  well  merits  the  regard  shown  him  by 
his  neighbors.     He  is  a  member  of  the  United  Brethren  Church 

JOHN  B.  HECK,  surveyor,  P.  O.  Wormleysburg,  is  son  of  John  K.  Heck   who  w as 
born  in  Lower  Allen  Township,  this  county,  in  1799.  and  who  married  Miss  Sarah  Becntel, 
born  near  Reading.  Penn.,  in  1811,  a  descendant  of  the  Adams  family,  who  are  so  num- 
erous and    influential    in  Berks  and  Lancaster  Counties.  Penn.     For  twenty  two    years 
John  K.  Heck  followed  distilling,  when  he  inherited  a  farm  near  Oyster  s  mills,  in  i.ast 
Pennsborough  Township,  this  county,  to  which  he  removed  and  on  which  he  lived  until 
his  death,  in  1877.     He  had  an  extraordinary  strong  constitution   but  had  a  stroke  ot  pa- 
ralysis in  1852.  and  numerous  others,  until  one  finally  terminated  his  life      His  widow  is 
still  living.     They  had  three  sons  and  four  daughters.     The  living  are  John JB.,  Bella, 
Sarah,  wife  of  D.  W.  Sheetz.  M.  D.,  of  Northumberland;  Hannah  wife  of  Wilson  Miller, 
of  Shiremanstown,  and  William  H.  a  practicing    physician  in  Philadelphia,     .lonn   is. 
Heck  was  born  at  his  grandfather's,  near  Oyster'smills.thiscounty.  April  3    840.   «tonDu 
twelve  years  of  age  he  took  the  oversight  of  both  his  father's  farms;  when  thirteen  he  went 
alone  to  Bloomfield,  paid  the  taxes  on  some  unseated  lands,  and  redeemed  them      because 
of  disease  in  his  ioints.  in  his  fourteenth  year  he  gave*  school  but  received private. instruc- 
tion at  home,  and  obtained  bis  higher  education  at  Mount  Pleasant  College,  A\  est  more- 
land  County.     In  1855  he  studied  surveying,  and  the  following  year  did  some  public  work 
in  Perry  County,  and  has  continued  the  profession  to  the  present  time.     The  same  winter 
and  for  six  consecutive  years  he  taught  sehool,  at  the  same  time  overseeing  . his_ lathers 
farms.     In  1869  he  married  Miss  Sarah  J.,  daughter  of  William  P.  Martin,  of  Fairview 
Township,  this  county.     They  have  one  son.  John  P.,  thirteen  years  old,  and  one  daughter, 
Elizabeth  Helen,  aged  ten.     Mr.  Heck  was  twice  a  candidate  for  the  nomination  to  the 
Legislature,  but,  running  solely  on  his  merits,  he  was  defeated  by  corrupt  combinations 
In  1869,  in  a  total  vote  of  over  4,000  he  was  barely  defeated  by  twelve  votes   T}aJ^T\^ 
combination  on  the  judicial  nomination  again  defeated  him      For  severa  years fter  his 
father's  death  he  carried  on  the  farm  (which  belongs  to  the  estate  still)  together  w  tl  do.n 
some  surveying.     He  also  has  charge  of  the  Bridgeport  warehouse      He  is  a  member  ot 
Eureka  L^lgerF.  &  A.  M..  and  of  Samuel  C.  Perkins' Chapter,  of  Mechanisburg and  of 
St.  John's  Commandery,  of  Carlisle.     An  incident  of  his  career  is  es peciaU? w   i y  of 
mention      His  father  and  neighbors  felt  the  need  of  a  bridge  across  the  Conodoguinet 
"ndgoTagnintfor  one  from  the  court,  but  for  twenty  years  the  commissioners ;  refused 
to  build  iC    Our  subject  went  quietly  to  work,  and  by  his  energy  and   sine vdnes got  it 
built  in  1868      It  is  known  as  Heck's  bridge.     But  for  bun,  it  is  safe  to  saj  this .great 
nu  lie  convenience  would  not  yet  be  built.     He  is  public  spirited  and  enterprising,  and 
has the  respect  and  confidence  of  his  fellow-citizens,  and  deserves  the  success  he  has 
achieved      Mrs.  Heck  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  C  hurch. 

JACOB  L  HE  YD,  farmer.  P.  O.  Camp  Hill,  was  bom  in  1832  in  I  pper  Allen  Town- 
ship, thi county,  son  of  George  Heyd,  who  died  in  Mechanicsburg  in  1876,  aged  eighty- 
two  His  mother  was  Leah,  daughter  of  Jacob  Grass,  ot  Adams  Con  P  nn  His 
paternal  grandfather,  George  Heyd.  emigrated  from  Germany  in  1760,  settling  »£»«» 
ter  County,  afterward  moving  to  York  County,  Penn..  and  subsequent  y  to  C  urn ber Unci 
County,  where  he  died,  and  is  buried  not  far  from  where  his  grandson  lives,     the  tatner 


EAST  PENNSBOROUGH  TOWNSHIP.  169 

of  Jacob  I.  was  born  In  Lancaster  County,  and  went  with  bis  parents  to  York  County, 
"     when  became  to  Cumberland  County,  and  here  lived  m 

'subject   lived  with  bis  father  until,  at  the  age  of  twentj  three,   be  was 

married  to  Kiss  Catharine,  daughter  of  Jacob  Coover,  who  lived  near  Dill-burg,  York 
County,  P  Hi    father  gave  up  i  lie  farm  to  him,  and  he  cultivated  it  for  threi 

when  h>'  removed  to  bis  father-in-law's  farm,  in  fork  County,  and  there  lived  three 
years;  then  bought  a  small  farm  in  Upper  Allen  Township,  this  county,  which  be  owned 
for  fifteen  years,  selling  it  in  1877  and  buying  the  fine  100  acre  farm  on  which  he  now  lives. 
He  has  taken  great  pains  in  beautifj  bis  place  and  make  it  a  comfortable  home,  as  is 
.  vinced  by  its  surroundings,  which  are  greatly  superior  to  those  usually  Found  on  a  farm 
He  ha- two  -on-  living:  Clinton  c,  twenty-two  years  old.  book-keeper  lor  a  wholesale 
hardware  house  in  Harrisburg,  and  Coover  W.  fourteen  years  of  age,  attending  school. 
Mr.  Heyd  has  three  brothers  and  three  sisters  living:  H.  Q.,  of  Philadelphia;  Geoi 
belonging  to  the  Baltimore  Conference,   and   E    l>.  who  live-  in  Dakota,     of  bis  three 

Elizabeth  is  a  widow  ol  Henrj  Krell;  Rebecca  is  wife  of  Michael  Myers,  oi  Cat 
lisle,  and  M:o-\  is  wife  of  Jacob  Brant,  of  Upper  Allen  Tow  oship.  Mr  Heyd  was  justice 
of  the  peace  in  Upper  Allen  Township;  he  i-  now  school  director.  He  take-  a  warm  in- 
terest iii  educational  matter-,  and  was  prominent  in  the  movement  to  have  Camp  Hill  made 
a  borough,  to  give  it-  people  increased  school  facilities.  He  and  his  wife  are  communi- 
cants of  the  Meihodi-t  Episcopal  Church  in  Mechanicsburg.  In  all  the  relation- of  life 
he  is  known  as  B  man  of  Sterling  character,  whose  uprightness  and  probity  are  well 
spoken  of  by  every  person  to  whom  he  is  known. 

HENRY  HOLLER,   farmer,   P.  0.  (amp  Hill,  is  a  grandson  of  Francis  Holler,  who 

d  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean  in  1777.      His  parents  settled  in  Lancaster  Count} .  Perm., 

in.  where  they  lived  for  some  time,  afterward  removing  to  Manchester  Township, 

Penn.,  where   Francis  was  married  and   lived  until  his  death  in   1861.     He  had 

two  sons   and   live  daughters.     One  of   his   sons.  Philip,  removed   to   Huntingdon  County. 

and  died  there.      The  other.   Francis,  lived  at  home  until   about   1855,  when  he  removed  to 

a  farm  in  Fairview,  York  County,  when-  be  is -till  living,  aged  seventy-seven.    He,  Fran- 

ei-,  tnai  rieil  Annie  (  look,  and  had  a  family  of  thirteen   children,  of  whom   eleven    are  still 
living:   Sarah,  wife  of  Jacob  ISard  liardt ;  Jacob,    married  to  Susan   Coleman:  Samuel  Ma- 
married  to  Rebecca  Rawhouser;  Francis;  Annie,  wife  of  Henry  Mesias;  and  Will- 
iam (all  of  whom  live  in  York  County);  Catharine,  wife  of  David  Strine,  Of  William   port, 

Perm.;  Charles,  and  Leah,  wife  of  John  Tetter  (both  of  whom  live  in  Dauphin  County); 
■    Henry,   the  subject  of  our  sketch,  who  was  born  on  the  homestead  in  Manchester 
Township.  York  Co.,  Penn  .  in   October,  1883,  and  lived  there  until  his  marriage,  in  1854, 
with  Mi—  Mary,  daughter  of  Daniel  Drever,  of  Fairview.  York  County.     He  then  began 
eeping,  but  worked  on  his  father's  farm  for  another  year.     For  a  year  following 
I  for  John  Horn,  and  then  rented  a  farm  in  Silver  Spring  Township,  this  county, 
Stayed  four  years,  and  thence,  in  the  spring  of  1865,  moved  to  the  faun  on  which 
lives      He   ha- five   children  living  (one  died  young),   viz.:  William,  married  to 
daughter  of  Stephen  Simmon-,  of  Hampden  Township  (he  farms  in   EastPenns- 
borough);  Ellen,  A.  Lincoln,  Charles  and  Daniel  living  at  home.     Mr.  Holler  was  drafted 
tor  nine  months,   in  1862,  but  sent  a  substitute  for  three  year-.      He   has  been  a  school  di- 
rector lor  -i\  \  ear-.  Inn  never  held  any  other  ofScC.      He' and  his  wife  are  members  of  the 
Lnited  Brethren  Church.     He  has  proved  himself  a  good  citizen  and  a  man  of  upright- 
ness and  honor 

WILLIAM  I.  LANTZ.  merchant,  P.  O.  West  Fairview,  is  a  son  of  Philip  Lantz, 
came  from  Germany  and  settled  in  the  vicinity  of  West  Fairview,  Cumber- 
I'enn  .  many  years  ago.  Philip  Lantz  was  born  in  East  Pennsborough  Township 
and  lived  tin-re  all  hi-  lifetime.  Hi-  father  had  six  children:  Jacob,  a  farmer  in  East 
Pennsborough  Town-hip,  this  county;  Catharine,  wife  of  Jacob  BretZ,  of  Hampden 
Township,  this  county;  Mary,  unmarried,  living  in  West  Fairview,  ami  Philip  and  two 
daughters,  deceased.  Of  these.  Philip  was  bom  on  the  farm  in  1820,  and  lived  there  until 
DJ8  death  in  1854;    be    married   Catharine   SheetZ,    by    whom    he    had    five  children;  Jesse. 

Catharine,  \\  illiam  L  .  Joseph  and  one  daughter,  who  died  young.     Philip  Lantz's  widow 

live- in  West  fairview      William   L.,  our  subject,  was  horii   April  SO,  1850,  and  went  to 
West    Pairview,    this   county,    until   'he    was  eleven  year- old,    when    he   was  ap 

pointi  d  a  page  in  the  State  Legislature,  bolding  the  place  -even  years,  attending  school  in 
the  inters  als  of  the  sessions.  During  the  summer  of  iv<'>-"'  he  was  a  messenger  in  the  Quar- 
termaetei  Department  at  Washington.  In  1868  and  1869  be  was  in  He-  office  of  Jay 
Co. ike  &  Co  .  New  York,  and  in  1870  returned  to  West  Fairview,  this  county,  and  built, 
cupies,  a  dwelling  opposite,  and,  with  his  mother,  the  residence  in 
which  he  now  lives.  In  181 1  he  married  Henrietta,  daughter  of  Henry  Glessner,  then  re- 
siding in  Lancaster  County,  Penn.,  where  she  was  born  March  10,  1852  They  bave  five 
children:  Harper,  William.  Harry.  Carrie  and  Charles.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lantz  are  members 
of  the  Lutheran  Church.  His  practical  experiences  peculiarly  fit  him  for  business,  in 
which  he  has  been  eminently  successful. 

GEORGE  B.  LONGENECKER,  postmaster,  West  Pairview,  w  a- bom  in  this  town- 


470  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

shio  near  West  Fairview,  and  is  a  great-great-grandson  of  Abraham  Longeneeker,  who 
came  he'e  from  Lancaster  County  iS  1773*  He  located  near  the  "-^ani  on  toetam 
now  owned  by  John  Roth.  He  paid  $8  50  an  acre  for  his  land  while  that  in  Mechanits- 
SuTgand  Shi/emanstown  could  be  bought  for  $1.25.  When  he  moved  in  he  »{uts  for- 
med v  owned  by  the  Indians,  were  still  standing  on  the  banks  of  the  small  stream  on 
which  hllocated.  His  son.  Isaac,  was  the  great-grandfather  of  our  subject  He  was bom 
in 1788,  and  on  the  death  of  his  father,  in  1819,  he  with  a  younger  brother  nherited  the 
farm.  Isaac  purchased  his  brother's  interest,  and  worked  the  farm  until  short  V  before 
his  deatli  in  1840.  Jacob,  grandfather  of  George  B  was  bom  and  lived  here  until  he  was 
twenty-three  years  of  age,  when  he  married  M,ss  Christ.ana  Kuntz.  They Jiad .five  chil- 
dren viz.:  George  W.,  Benjamin  F,  Jacob,  Catherine  and  Maria.  The  last  tin ee  died 
when  unite  young.  Benjamin  F.,  by  trade  a  carpenter,  is  a  resident  of  Marysville,  Perry 
Cm.it  George  W.,  a  farmer  by  occupation,  is  the  father  of  George  B.  he  was  bom 
November  19.  fs34,  and  always  lived  in  the  vicinity  of  West  Fairview  until  **V™8  <£ 
1885  when  he  removed  to  Marysville,  from  which  place  he  went  to  Illinois  in  the 
sm-in Z f  188B  February  11,  1HB3.  he  married  Miss  Elizabeth  Brenner  To  this  union 
n've  children  were  bornyviz.':  Laura  E  Lilly  D  Alice  M.  and  Dora  C  whc .are  w.fc 
their  uarents  in  Illinois.  George  B.  is  the  eldest  in  the  family.  He  was  born  May  4, 
1863  nth"s  township,  and  when  only  three  years  of  age  was  taken  by  his  godparents, 
with \vhom  he  continued  to  live  until  the  death  of  his  grandmother  in  May,  188...  He  at- 
tended common  schools,  and  when  sixteen  years  old  began  working  m  the  nail  factory  m 
his  native  tl,  where  he  remained  until  November.  1885  when  he  was  commissioned 
postmaster  of  West  Fairview.  Mr.  Longeneeker  is  an  ambitious  young  man  and  a  fine 
Pen.  n  He  is  one  who  has  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  al  who  know  him  and  is 
fooked  upon  as  one  of  the  rising  young  men  of  the  place.  Of  irreproachable  character 
and  habits,  he  deserves  the  success  he  is  achieving.  . 

FRANKLIN  MARTIN,  contractor,  West  Fairview,  is  of  the  Scotch-Irish  race  who 
settle,   the  western  part  of  the  county.     His  grandfather,  John  Martin,  who  came  to  this 
countn  man-  years'  a»„,  married,  in  1800.  Elizabeth  Mencongh,  and  settled  near  Gettys- 
burg   Pcnn? where  they  lived  many  years,  afterward  removing  to  Dauphin  County   and 
later  to  East  Pennsbonmgh  Township   this  county   settling  near  West  Fairview  m  about 
1830.     John  Martin  died  in  1841,  aged  sixty-two;  his   wife  died    n  18.9  ag id  fif t ,  eight 
They  had  three  sons  and  two  daughters:  Robert   born  November  30,  1808  (bed  November 
1    1830-  Sarah    born  February  23,  1810,  wife  of  Henry  A.  Gross,  of  Buck  Lock   Dauphin 
County   Penn  ;  Nincy   born  September  14,  1811,  died  January  11   1881    John,  born  Octo- 
ber 5   1814  died  December  9,  1885;  and  William,  born  June  23,  1817.  died  August  23.  1877 
Of  these   William  had   only  three  months'   regular  schooling,  but  so  well  improved  his 
spare  moments  that  he  became  one  of  the  best  informed  men  in  the  region   fisted  by  a 
remarkably  tenacious  memory.     He  learned  his  trade  in  a  nail  f actory,  and pin ^ebmary. 
1844   was  married  to  Miss  Elizabeth  Starr,  of  near  Lewisberry,   York  Co.,  Penn..  having 
the  year  previous  built  and  furnished  the  house  on  Main  Street,  West  Fairview   where  he 
lived  until  his  death  in  1877.     His  wife  was  born  December  29,  1821,  and  died  February 
20   1884      They  had  seven  children:  Franklin,  born  in   the  house  where  he  now  lives.  JNo- 
vember  3,  lW  Jane  M.  and  John   A.  (twins),  born  April  7   1847,  both  ot  whom  died  m 
infancy;  Sarah  J.,  born  September  5,  1848,  wife  of  John  B   Heck,  of  Wormleysburg  this 
con,  ty;  Elizabeth  A.,  born  April  23,  1851,  wife  of  Silas  WGleim,  of  Hamsburg Penn 
Sylvan  a,  bom  September  23.   1853,   died  December  6.  1877;  Susan  A       o.n  October  23 
1858   died  January  13.  1803.     Franklin  attended  public  schools  until  1800.  when  he  went 
to  WhltfHall  Academy,  at  Camp  Hill,  this  county.     In  September.  U»8   ho enlisted  in  the 
"  Emergency  Men,"  and  was  in  the  battle  ot  Antietam.     Returning  a  tew  days  later.he  re- 
enlisted   before  he  was  eighteen  years  old.  for  three  years,  or  during  the  war,  in  the  1  him 
Pern  s  -iv  ania  Heavy   Artillery.     While  garrisoning  Fortress  Monroe  he  was  promoted  to 
second  he     e  nant,  and  later  to  first  lieutenant,  in  which  rank  he  served  until  mustered  out 
at  Fhiladelpbia.  November  9,  1865.     Although  a  veteran  he  was  not  yet  *™&-<»«L££ 
old,  and  he  again  went  to  White  Hall  Academy  for  a  term   subsequently  teachingfor ^three 
years.     In  April,  1807,  he  married  Laura  C.,  daughter  of  John  Bowman,  of  New  Buffalo 
Perry  Co     Penn.     They  had  seven   children:  Sarah   Alice,  born   June  13    18.S.  Martha 
Bowman   born  August  4,  1870,  died   August  11,  1872:  William  F., born  October  6,  1872 
Ep    bora  June  4,  1875,  died  May  20,  1881    Elizabeth  Sylvama  born  July  16    1878 
Georee  Warren  bom  April  0,  1880,  and  an  infant  but  a  tew  months  old.     In  1808  Mr  Mar- 
toenW  edTn h  mbei business  in  W.  st  Fairview.  Penn..  with  H.  M.  Rup  ey.     Their  mill 
burned  in  December.  18118.  but  they  continued  dealing  in   umber,  and  rebuilt  in  1869      Our 
sub  ice    sold  his  interest  to  his  partner  in  1870,  and  for  three  years  was  cashier  of  a  bank 
>n   West   Fairview   and   subsequently  superintendent  of  Isaac  Frazier's  two   mills  and 
pnianing-mill  at  Goidsboro.     He"  returned  'to  West  Fairview  at  the  end  of  three  years,  and 
boueht  the  business  from  bis  former  partner,  running  it  until  September  1881,  when  he 
sold  the  mill  to  the  Ilarrisburg  Nail  Works,  and  entered  into  contract  with  them  to  fur- 
n°      their  kegs  opera    i  g  the  mill  here  as  well  as  another  owned  by  them  in  Perry  Coun- 
ty    He  is  afso  engaged  in  the  business  of  fire  insurance.     He  and  his  wife  and  eldest 


I  AST    n:\NSBOUOUGfI   TOWNSHIP.  471 

daughter  are  communicants  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  and  he  deservedly 

1 1 1 i-;  1 1  in  i lie  community. 

DANIEL  G.  .MAY.  <nn nar i or.  West  Fairvicw.  is  a  grandson  of  Joseph  Gingrich,  who 
lived  near  Middletown,  Dauphin  Co.,  Penn.,  in  the  latter  pari  of  the  eighteenth  century, 
and  Later  removed  to  Dear  Mifflin,  in  Juniata  County,  Penu.    Joseph  Gingrich  was  twice 

married,  having  four  children  by  liis  first  wife  and  six  by  his  sec I     One  of  the  first 

will  's  daughters,  Magdalena,  married,  in  1820, Frederick  May.  of  Middletown,  Dauphin  Co. 
Penn.,  a  farmer,  bom  in  that  county.  They  had  nine  children:  Joseph.  Daniel  G.,  Cath- 
arine, Elizabeth,  John,  Jacob,  Frederick,  David  and  Barbara.  They  removed  to  Lancas- 
iinty,  and  later  to  West  Fairview,  tliis  county,  where  Mr.  May  built  the  house  in 
which  our  subject  now  lives,  buying  a  farm  of  nearly  one  hundred  acres,  a  large  part  of 
which  is  now  occupied  as  town  lots.  Besides  farming  he  engaged  in  cabinet-making. 
follow  ing  these  o©  upations  until  his  death  in  1856,  His  widow  died  in  1870,  aged  seventy- 
three  years.  At  this  time  but  four  of  their  children  were  living:  Joseph,  in  Philadelphia, 
Penn;  Catharine,  wife  of  Samuel  Butner,  of  East  Pennsborough  Township,  this  county; 
Jacob,  in  West  Fairvicw,  ami  Daniel  G.  The  latter  was  horn.  February  2,  1825,  in  Lancas- 
ter County.  Penu.  John  Frederick.  Barbara  and  Elizabeth  are  dead.  Another  son, 
David,  was  captain  of  Company  K.  Seventh  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  and  was  killed  while 
leading  a  charge  at  the  battle  of  Chickamauga,  in  October,  1863.  His  men  were  greatly 
attached  to  him,  and,  making  three  successive  charges,  recovered  his  boil  v.  which  is  interred 
in  the  National  Cemetery,  at  Chattanooga.  Daniel  G.  worked  for  his  father  until  he  was 
twenty-one,  when  he  married  Mary,  daughter  of  John  Ruplcy,  of  East  Pennsborough 
Township,  this  county.  To  this  union  five  children  were  born:  Luther,  accidentally  killed 
in  bis  twelfth  year;  Joseph,  Harry,  Susan  and  Kebceea,  who  died  ill  infancy.  In  1858  Mr. 
irried — Eshelman,  by  whom  he  has  two  daughters,  Ellen  E.  and  Fanny,  living  in 
Pairview,  Penn.  After  his  first  marriage  he  moved  to  a  farm  owned  by  his  wife,  but  in 
1868  came  back  to  the  homestead,  which  he  look  at  the  appraisement,  and  has  lived  there 
since.  At  various  times  he  was  engaged  in  brick-making,  lumber-dealing,  and  in  grocery 
business,  but  subsequently  adopted  carpentering,  which  he  now  follows  exclusively.  He 
is  a  self-made  man.  Without  the  advantages  of  school  education  he  has  raised  himself 
to  an  honorable  position,  and  is  high-minded  and  honorable — a  man  who  was  never  known 
to  violate  bis  promise. 

THEODORE  M.  MOLTZ,  merchant.  West  Pairview,  is  a  native  of  Cumberland 
(  i  lunt  v  .  as  was  bis  father,  who  was  a  son  of  Jacob  Moltz,  who  was  born  in  Manor  Town- 
ship. Lancaster  County,  March  4,  1784,  and  died  of  paralysis  in  West  Pairview,  this 
county,  in  1838.  Jacob  Moltz  was  a  son  of  George  Moltz,  who  emigrated  from  near  Wur- 
temberg,  Germany,  and  settled  in  Lancaster  County,  Penn.  Jacob  Moltz  removed  to  East 
Pennsborough  Township,  this  county,  where  he  married  Catharine  Olewine.  George, 
their  son,  was  born  here  iii  1809,  and  in  1831  was  married  to  Catharine  Gehr,  of  Lisburn, 
born  April  30,  1811-  For  some  years  after  marriage  George  Moltz  lived  at  various 
places,  and  in  ls:ilj  moved  to  what  is'known  as  the  llalilcman  farm.  While  ou  the  old 
homestead  two  children  were  born:  Theodore  M.,  born  August  19,  1832,  and  Cyrus,  born 
February  8,  1884,  died,  in  1865,  from  disease  contracted  while  in  the  army.  On  the  Hal- 
deman  farm  three  more  children  were  born:  Ann  Eliza,  born  January  1,  1837,  died  young; 
Margaret  Jane,  born  July  16,  1840.  died  in  infancy,  and  George,  born  October  H,  1842, 
now  auditor  of  the  United  Pipe  Line  Company,  at  (iil  City.  Penn.  July  23,  1855,  George 
Moltz,  the  father,  was  accidentally  drowned  in  the  Conestoga  Canal,  in  Lancaster  County, 
Penu.  His  wife  died  August  17, 1850.  Theodore  M.  lived  with  his  grandfather  until  the 
latter's  death,  when  he  returned  to  his  father's  farm  until  1844,  when  his  parents  removed 
to  Wesl  Pairview,  this  county.  The  following  summer  he  went  to  work  in  the  nail  fac- 
tory, going  to  school  three  winters.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  became  a  feeder  and  nailer, 
which  occupation  be  followed  for  twentv-five  years.  March  (i,  1802,  he  married  Florinda 
Susan,  daughter  of  Thomas  McClune.  They  have  two  sons:  George  Thomas,  born  De- 
cembers. 1862,  and  Gouverneur  Warren,  born  February  6,  1864.    George  Thomas,  after 

getting  a  common  scl 1  education,  went  in  1878  to  Millersville  State  Normal  School  for 

two  and  a  half  years,  and  then  for  eighteen  months  to  the  Central  State  Normal  School,  at 
Lock  Haven,  where  he  graduated  in  July,  1888.  On  liis  return  he  was  made  teacher  in 
one  of  the  si\  schools  in  West  Fairvicw,  and  January  1,  1885,  was  appointed  to  the  re- 
sponsible position  nf  principal  over  all.  For  so  young  a  man  this  is  a  high  testimonial  to 
his  worth  and  ability,  and  shows  the  estimation  in  which  be  is  held  by  those  who  have 
known  him  from  childhood.  In  addition,  he  gives  lessons  to  pupils  on  the  piano  and 
organ,  in  which  he  acquired  proficiency  while  in  the  normal  schools.  Gouverneur  War- 
ren attended  common  school  until  he  was  eighteen,  when  he  went  for  a  year  to  Seder's 
Academy,  at  HarrKburg.  after  which  he  undertook  the  practice  of  photography,  under  the 

teaching  of  Hon.  D.  C   Burnite,  of  Harrisburg  where  he  is  now  living  with  his  parents. 

In  January.  1869.  Mr.  MoltZ  established  his  grocerj  and  notion  store  on  Main  Street.  In 
May,  1869,  he  was  uncle  postmaster  under  Grant's  administration,  holding  the  position 
until  December,  1885.  In  addition  to  the  performance  of  these  varied  duties,  he  studied 
the  art  of  photography,  which  he  still  carries  on.    It  was  here  his  son,  G.  Warren,  got  his 


472  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

first  lessons  in  the  art.  Mr.  Moltz  has  also  for  twenty  years  been  extensively  engaged  in 
1,-e  culture,  and  in  all  his  undertakings  has  won  that  success ,  which  is assured  by  in- 
dustry and  intelligent  application.     He  is  a  member  of  Eureka  Lodge  No.  302,  1  .  &  A. 

M  of  M "  hanicsburg.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church,  in  which  be  has  been 
chor  ter  or  arlv twenty  years.  His  wife  and  younger  son  are  also  members,  the  son 
being  one  of  the  deacons.  J  A  strictly  trustworthy  Christian,  he  will  leave  to  his  family  the 

^OSBP^A^DISO^MCHmE,  late  principal  White  Hall  Soldier's  Orphan  School 
Camp  HU1  is  deserving  of  more  than  a  passing  not  ice.  He  is  a  descendant  of  Robert  and 
Ma"gPa"  Moore,  who  emigrated  from  the  north  of  Ireland  early  in  the  sev ^enth  cen- 
tury One  of  Robert  Moore's  sous.  William,  with  his  sister  Ann,  the  noted  Quakei 
preacher  of  that  day,  settled  at  Ringgold  Manor  in  Maryland.  In  consequence  of  religious 
Persecution,  after  the  settlement  of  that  country  by  Lord  Baltimore  s  colon*  they  ah an- 
doned  their  claim  rather  than  violate  their  principles  by  litigating  it.  Anothci  son  or 
Robert  M  ore,  named  James,  married  Jane  Caughran,  and  settled  in  Adams  County 
Penn  at  a  place  now  known  as  Bendersville.  He  gave  his  lite  for  his  country,  being 
kided'a  he  battle  of  Brandywiue.  He  left  a  son.  who  became  Man  John  Moor*  born  m 
February.  1761,  who  married  Rebecca  Curran.  and  ^ed  'n  Juniata  County  Penm  He 
also  was  a  Revolutionary  soldier.  He  died  in  1853  at  the  advanced  age  of  ninety  two  years. 
His  son,  James,  born  in  1789,  in  Juniata  County,  Penn.,  was  the  father  of  °^ Present  sub- 
ject lie  lived  on  the  farm  until  he  was  twenty  years  old  when  he  began  to  read  medi- 
dnewitn  Dr  McDonald,  of  Thompson  town,  Juniata  Co.,  Penn  and  Dr.  Cunningham  ot 
Concord  Franklin  Co..  Penn.  In  1813  be  began  practicing  in  Shirleysburg  Huntingdon 
Co!  Penn  .wnere  he  continued  over  thirty  ye=ars  at  bis. profess  on  having  a  arge pract.ee 
and  acauirins  the  reputation  of  a  very  skillful  physician.  In  1816  hewas-  married  to 
HarrWarton.  He  afterward  removed  to  Wells  Valley.  Fulton  Co  Penn.  where  he 
continued  to  practice  his  profession  until  within  eight  years  of  his  death  which  occurred 
March  37.  1872.  His  wife  died  in  September,  1864,  while  a  1  of  her  eight  son^ were m  the 
Union  Army.  The  family  is  an  extraordinary  one,  comprising  eight  sons  and  three  daugh- 
ters all  now  living.  They  are  Kimber  A.,  residing  in  Nebraska,  Rebecca  A.,  wife  of  J. 
B  Alexander,  of  Fulton  County,  Penn.;  John  C  living  at  Camp  H,  11  Penn  Charles  W 
whois  a  practicing  physician  in  Sterling,  Neb. ;  Julia  A.,  wife  of  William  A  Gray  of 
Adams.  Neb.;  Harriet  L„  of  Sterling,  Neb.;  Joseph  Addison,  our  subject;  and  James  M., 
B.  Frank,  William  H.  and  Curran  E„  all  of  whom  are  residents  of  Nebraska 

Joseph  Addison  Moore  was  born  in  Shirleysburg  Penn..  August  36,  .  833  mA*fnld 
above  the  eight  sons  were  all  in  the  Union  Army  at  the  same  time,  two  of  them  be  n^ 
seriously  wounded.  Their  record  is  not  surpassed  by  that,  of  any  other  family  in  the 
country  and  is  one  of  which  they  and  their  children  may  be  justly  proud.  This  remark- 
able family  was  represented  in  nearly  all  the  great  battles  of  he  war  and  the  fact 
that  all  are  alive  and  well  to-day  is  very  remarkable.  Immediately  after  the  tiring  on 
Fort  Sumter?  our  subject  enlisted  in  Company  D  Fifth  P?"^^.^"^^ 
three  months,  and  was  made  first  sergeant  At  the  expiration  of  his  time  he  raided 
Company  O,  Twenty-eight  Pennsylvania  Infantry,  and  in  August,  1861,  took  the  field 
a Tfirst  lieutenant  under  colonel  (afterward  general  «*..^™*?S»X 
Geary  under  whom  he  served  all  through  the  war,  at  one  time  for  seven  .months 
on  to  s"aff  as  division  commissary.  At  Antietam  while  as  first  lieutenant  in^om- 
mand  of  his  company,  two  of  his  men  captured  two  rebel  flags  Here  his  co mmaud 
suffered  severely,  one-third  of  his  company  being  killed  and  wounded.  Foui  color-bearers 
belonging  lo  his  company  were  shot.  His  company  was  shortly  after  transferred  to  Com 
mnv'B  One  Ilundr.-u  and  Forty-seventh  Pennsylvania  Infantry,  and  in  February,  18bJ, 
Se  was  commissioned  captain,  commanding  at  Cedar  Mountain,  ^nceUoTB^e^A^ 
tysburg  in  theEast,  and  at  Lookout  Mountain.  Mission  Ridge,  Taylor's  Ridge Wauhatctae 
Chattanooga.  Cassville,  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  Dug  Gap  Resaca  and  New  Hope  Chu.  h  in 
the  Southwest  He  was  severely  wounded  at  New  Hope,  and  in  consequence  was  inca- 
pacitated for  further  active  service,  and  was  transferred  to  the  barracks  at  Madison,  Wis 
until  the  end  of  his  term  of  service.  October  38,  1864.  He  was  later  brevetted  major  for 
gallant  and  meritorious  service.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he  resumed  mercantile  pursuits 
fr >  P "  1  Mi  Penn  .  but  in  1867  he  was  called  by  his  old  commander,  then  governor  of 
1L  Sta  e  to  take  charge  of  the  White  Hall  Soldiers'  Orphan  School  at  Camp  Hill,  which 
unde •  hfs  .  an agem entWame  the  leading  school  of  the  State,  reflecting  great  credit  on 
hU  ability  is  a  manager.  He  continued  in  charge  of  the  school  until  September  1  1886, 
wLn  1  wing  l^asedgthe  same,  he  retired  from  tip  responsible  position  which  he  had  so 
long  and  fafthfully  filled.  In  1869  he  was  married  to  Miss  Lizzie  daughter  of  Jacob 
Kline  of  Lower  Allen  Township,  this  county.  They  have  one  son,  Joy  Addison  L  now 
nin  years  old.  Maj.  Moore  enjoys  the  unbounded  respect  of  every  one  who  kn0  s  him. 
and  in  the  community  of  which  he  is  a  leading  member,  no  man  stands  higher  m  tharac 
ter  or  is  more  dese^ed^espected^  ^  ^  ^  New  ^ 

York  Co    Penn.',  December  30. 1838.    His  grandfather,  Dr.  John  Musser,  a  native  of  Lancas- 


BAST    PENNSBOROUGH    TOWNSHIP.  473 

tei  County,  Penn.,  where  he  practiced  medicine,  but  who  later  removed  to  York  County, 
where  be  bough)  a  farm,  was  a  noted  physician  and  acquired  a  reputation  for  th 

white  swellings  and  kindred  disorders;  hia  wife  was  Elizabeth  Nell',  of  Lancaster 
County,  Penn.  Their  children  were  Benjamin,  Henry.  John,  Elizabeth,  Mary,  Susan, 
Martha  and  Nancy,  now  the  wife  of  Joseph  Bowman,  of  Lancaster  County,  Penn.  Ben- 
jamin Musaer,  father  of  Henry  I).,  born  February  22,  1801,  married  Frances  Suavely,  of 
Hampden  Township,  this  county,  who  bore  bim  thirteen  children:  Elizabeth,  John  8., 
Henry  !>..  Catharine,  Annie,  Joseph  K.  and  Josiah,  living;  and  Benjamin,  David,  Jacob, 
Levi,  Daniel  and  Sarah,  deceased.  Benjamin  Musser  had  charge  of  t lie  farm  until  his 
father's  death,  w  hen  ii  was  Bold  to  Mr.  Garner,  father  of  the  present  occupant,  lie  then 
removed  to  Hampden  Township,  Cumberland  County,  staying  there  three  years,  when  he 
want  West  to  prospect,  but  returned  and  bought  a  farm  and  mill  property  mar  Millers- 
burg,  in  Dauphin  County,  Penn.,  where  be  lived  seventeen  years,  when  he  sold  out  and 
returned  to  Cumberland  Count]  .  to  the  farm  now7  occupied  by  John  N.  Musser,  stayed  a 
year,  and  then  removed  to  near  Fairview,  Penn.,  where  lie  died  in  1854,  Hiswidow  died  a 
few  years  later  at  White  Hall,  Penn.  Henry  D.  attended  common  school,  and  qualified- for 
teaching  at  White  Hall  Academy.    At  eighteen  years  of  age  he  began  teaching,  and  taught 

for  sis  terms.      On  his  father's  death  be  took  charge   of    the    farm    for    a    year,    when,    his 

mother  selling  out,  he  began  farming  for  himself  in  1856,  continuing  until  1865,  when  he 
and  his  brother  Joseph  engaged  in  mercantile  business,  in  Fairview,  for  a  year  and  a  half, 
during  which  time  be  also  held  the  position  of  postmaster.  He  then  retired  until  1*?:!,  in 
which  year  he  again  engaged  in  business  where  he  now  is.  May  10,  1855,  he  married  Mary 
E.  Rupley,  horn  December  19,  1832,  daughter  of  George  and  Magdalena  Ruplcy,  of  East 
Pennsborough  Township,  this  county,  and  who  on  the  death  of  bier  parents  became  pos- 
sessed of  one-half  of  their  farm,  which  she  and  her  husband  still  bold.  They  have  two 
children  living:  Charles  Emery,  born  November  30,  18."i9,  and  Harry  Clinton,  horn  August 
14.  1861.  Three  are  dead:  George,  Whitfield  and  an  infant  daughter.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
ire  prominent  members  of  the  United  Brethren  Church.  Mrs.  Musser  is  president 
of  the  Mite  Society,  and  her  bushand  has  been  superintendent  of  the  Sunday-school  for 
twenty  years.  They  are  known  as  sincere  Christians,  whose  character  commands  the 
respect  ol  the  community. 

AUSTIN  TAYLOR  PALM,  teacher  of  mathematics,  Camp  Hill,  is  a  son  of  Peter 
and  Maria  Palm,  natives  of  Cumberland  County,  and  now  residents  of  Chicago,  111.  (Mrs, 
Palm's  maiden  name  was  also  Palm,  but  she  is  no  blood  relative  of  her  husband's  family), 
five  of  whose  children  are  deceased.  Those  living  are  Austin  T. ;  Warren,  married  and  liv- 
ing in  Chicago:  Sharon,  married  and  living  in  Goldsboro,  Penn.;  Milton,  married  and  liv- 
ing in  Springfield,  Ohio;  Eudora  E.  and  Carondelet  B.  living  with  their  parents.  Austin 
T  was  born  in  West  Pennsborough' Township,  this  county,  in  June,  1835.  He  remained 
at  home  working  for  his  father,  as  a  carpenter,  until  twenty  years  of  age,  when  be  began 
teaching  district  school,  for  which  vocation  he  bad  qualified  himself  by  study  and  attend- 
ing normal  school.  He  continued  in  this  profession  until  1876,  during  a  part  of  which 
time  he  was  principal  of  the  high  school  at  Mechanicsburg,  and  was  also  principal  of  pub- 
lic schools  of  Columbia,  Lancaster  Co.,  Penn.  In  1876  he  was  elected  professor  of  math- 
ematics in  the  State  Normal  School  at  Shippensburg,  Penn.  In  1883  he  taught  in  normal 
school  in  Morri-.  111.,  and  in  the  fall  of  that  year  went  into  the  puhlic  schools  of  Harris- 
burg,  but  resigned  in  lss">  to  take  the  position  of  professor  of  mathematics  and  of  music 
in  the  White  Hall  Soldiers'  Orphan  School,  at  Camp  Hill.  Mr.  Palm  was  married,  in  1859, 
to  Miss  Maggie  A.  Machlin,  of  York  County,  who  died  in  November,  188o,  leaving  no  fam- 
ily, her  five  children  having  preceded  her  to  the  grave.  Mr,  Palm  is  known  as  a  gentle- 
man of  spotless  integrity,  frank  and  outspoken,  and  has  an  excellent  reputation  as  a 
i    excelling  in  discipline  and  in  the  eift  of  being  able  to  impart  what  he  knows. 

HENRY  M.  RUPLEY,  merchant,  West  Fairview,  is  a  great  grandson  of  .lohaun 
Jacob  Kiii -ley,  who  emigrated  from  L'ntcr  Waslingen,  Germany-,  in  174:),  bought  000  acres 
of  land  in  East  Pennsborough  Township,  this  county,  near  what  is  now  West  Fairview, 

and  died    1 1  12,   1798       Jacob,  son  of  Johann  .1.  Rupley,  married  Anna  Maria  Riipp,  and 

died  in  1806;  she  in  1827.  They  had  four  sons  and  two  daughters.  Of  these.  Geoi 
born  February  6,  1803.  and  lived  all  his  life  on  the  farm,  dealing  lamely  in  -lock.  In  1830 
tied  Magdalena  Musser,  of  Marsh  Run.  York  Co.,  Penn,,  and  died  December 26, 
1842,  h-a\  infi  one  BOH  and  one  daughter.  His  widow  is  still  living  in  West  Fairview.  He 
was  school  director,  constable  and  supervisor,  and  many  stories  are  yet  told  of  his  remark- 
able marksmanship.  His  daughter,  Mary  Ellen,  married  Henrj  1>.  Musser,  of  Ea 
borough  Township,  this  county.  His  son,  Henry  M..  was  born  December  7.  1838,  and 
November  21,  1861,  married  Mary  M.,  daughter  of  John  K.  Heck,  of  East  Pennsborough 
Township,  this  county.  She  was  born  September  30,  1842,  and  died  September  L8,  1864, 
II     born  September  I.  1862,  who,  after  going  through  the  common 

-el 1.  went  to  SeliosgTOye  for  two  years,  and  then  to  Ann   Arbor  (Mich.)  Acadi  my,  sub- 

sequentlv  serving  a  time  in  the  Harnsburg  Machine  Shops;  he  is  now  a  draughtsman  in  the 

Carlisle  Manufacturing  Works,  and  is  a  young  man  of  excellent  character  and  prospects. 

r  5,  1867,  Henry   M.  Rupley  was  married  again;  this  time  to  Mis-  Phoebe  A.. 


474  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

daughter  of  George  W.  and  Elizabeth  Eingwalt,  of  near  Carlisle     She  was  born  April  20, 
S3!    They  have  three  children  living:  Arthur  It.,  born  November  13 1868,  Lucy ^Ellen 

,  .         J ,   oc    ,070    nT,,i   M-irv   Manila  ena     born   December   1~.    18W.     Une  son,  max 

versally^t^med.  Cam  fe  &  ofl     f  Jacob  Sadler  whe> 

e!S'^SoSSSH«=S'SSo)S 

CS      "    Hive r      W  11    n,  Sadler  died  in  1765;  he  was  one  of  three  brothers  who  came 

Sadler  had  hirteer^ .children-eight  sons" 'and  five  daughters-one  of  whom « i  Joseph 
R  ••  Tos  h  the  father  of  our  subject,  was  born  in  York  County  in  1782,  and 
w  n  hewa  quite  vo ung his  parents  removed  to  Allegheny  County,  Penn.,  where  he 
^ahy6ed  unUUwqeUnty  /eTrs  old;  tl?en  he  went  to  ^^^itK^Vs^ZfJ^  U% 
to  Fist  Pennsliorbu"h  Township,  this  county,  where,  in  180..  he  -was,  m.iinta  to  luarj 
Pihef  of  th  s-  me  hue  He  then  entered  into  farming  and  distilling  and  had  also  what 
Gabel,  or  the  s.m  e  p uuu  "-  c.lrrvino-  -roods  to  Pittsburgh,  Baltimore  and  Philadel- 
phian°WHe  accumufa  ed  property  pan "of  which  was  the  farm  afterward  the  property  of 
hhton  Wilhan  IHs  fa  nil  -  consisted  of  six  sons  and  two  daughters:  Jacob.  John  ham- 
uel  Joseph  William,  George,  Susan  and  Mary.  The  three  survivors.  Jacob,  William  and 
George  all  lve  on  he  turnpike,  at  Camp  Hill,  within  a  quarter  of  a  mile  of  each  other 
Willi ™  Sadler  wis  born  October  6,  1824,  and  worked  on  the  home  farm  until  he  was  of 
ale w lien  he  was  m  r  led  to  Mary,  daughter  of  George  Beidelman.  of  Kast  Pennsborough 
Townshb  He  t he  iircd  his  father's  farm  until  the  latter's  death,  m  the  summer  of 
1858  when  he  bough  it  from  the  estate.  In  1882  he  sold  the  farm  and  tumitoODn 
Will  where  he  staved  two  years;  then  he  bought  the  property  known  as  Oyster  s  Point 
fnd  a  small  farm  alining7  Mr.  and  Mrs  Sadler  have  had  the  fol  owing  named  ehddren: 
Jacob  George  and  Austin,  the  two  latter  dying  young,  and  Jacob  in  1880  at ageol  thirty 
three  years  up  to  which  time  he  had  lived  at  home,  except  a  short  period  spent  in  bs.ness 
in  New  Cumberland;  one  daughter,  Ellen,  likewise  died  young.  _  The  living  are  L mia  B 

his  clre  with  ;  fidelity  which  has  elicited  the  commendation  of  his  fellow-citizens.     He 

<>r,ri  liia  fimilv  have  the  entire  respect  of  all  who  know  them.  ..        .  , 

and  his  ft »        I  we n'A{:1  L  euter  and  contractor,  P.  O.  West  Fairview,  was  born  in 

kl;7i      At  twenty-three  he  was  married  to  Catharine,  daughter  of  John  Garrett, 
n    llalcount-P  and  for  five  subsequent  years  worked  at  Colebrook  Furnace, 

whentTmovea^o  Hampden  Township.  Cumberland  County   "f™^^™^. 
on  his  own  account.     Here  he  remained  until  Ins  death;  he bed  va  ^''^^ffj1^ 

mJ,   r     I         I      n      Marti     E  now  deceased.    William  H.  worked  two  years  at  his; fathers 
,1    U>bu    it  the'  •'■  .     e  g  teen  went  to  Sterretfs  Gap  to  learn  carpentering.     When  his 

gssiifPIIIIIll 

l^ah^U^^  -"U  part  in  the 


EAST  PENNSBOROI  Qh  TOWN8HIP.  IT.". 

flghl  there,   in  which  they  lost  their  commander,  Col  /inn.    From  Fredericksburg  thej 
I  bancellorsville.  in  which  three  day's  flghl  they  bore  an  active  part.    Tin  n 

Li  ijuia  I  reek,  and  borne  to  Harrisburg,  where  thi  j  were  mustered  out,  after 
an  active  i  ampaign.  Mr.  Shaull  re  enlisted  in  the  Two  Eundri  d  and  First  Pennsylvania 
Regiment  tor  one  year,  but  the  regiment  was  most  of  the  time  employed  guarding  rail- 
roads, supplies,  eti  „  and  at  the  end  of  the  term  was  mustered  out  al  Harrisburg.  After 
ih i-  Mr  shaull  worked  at  his  trade  for  six  j  ears,  when  be  established  himself  in  his  pres- 
ent busin<  ss  as  carpenter  and  contractor,  at  West  Fairview.  1  le  w  as  married,  in  1863,  to 
Miss  M:ir\  E  Bowers,  of  East  Pennsborough.  They  have  six  bpys  and  two  girls:  Martha 
rried  to  George  II.  Shaeffer,  of  Baltimore;  Hurry,  aged  eighteen,  winks  with  his 
father;  William,  Tillie,  Franklin,  Albeit.  Ira  and  Nelson  are  at  home.  Mr.  Shaull  is  a 
of  Post  No  58,  ii  A.  R      lie  ami  his  wife  belong  to  the  United  Brethren  Church, 

ami  lie  is  held    in    esteem    by  all  who   have  been    in   any  manner  associated  with  him  as  a 

man  of  bonesty  ami  worth. 

LESLIE  II.  SINGISER,  hotel-keeper,  P.  o.  Wormleysburg,  is  a  grandson  of  George 
Singiser,  for  many  years  a  forwarder  in  Mechanicsburg,  Penn.,  and  one  of  the  first  eon- 
tractors  ■•<<  the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad.  George  Singiser  was  well  known  and  much 
liked,  beloved  and  respected  for  his  probity  and  generous  impulses.  An.  enterprising  man, 
part  inever}  movement  calculated  to  advance  the  interests  of  the  valley,  lie 
died  in  1854  His  wife  was  .Mary  llalhert.  of  Carlisle,  a  Christian  lady  and  lit  companion 
for  such  aman.  She  died  in  1884,  at  Altoona,  They  had  four  sons  and  five  daughters. 
One  of  the  sons,  Andrew,  succeeded  his  father,  in  1863,  and  later  engaged  iii  the  grocerj 
banjesburg.  He  i-  :i  straightforvt  ard  man.  and  is  always  willing  to  help  the 
struggling,  which  he  has  often  done  to  his  own  detriment.  Andrew  singiser  married  Miss 
Annie  Wyle,  of  Mechanicsburg,  Penn  .  who  wears  woman's  highest  crown  of  a  good  wife 
and  mother.  They  have  four  sons  ami  .me  daughter:  George,  Leslie  H..  Harry,  Willie  L. 
and  Alberta.  Leslie  II.  was  born  in  1852.  He  lived  with  bis  parents  until  his  twenty-first 
year,  when  he  was  married  to  Miss  S.'lllie.  daughter  of  George  Winemiller,  of  Upper  Allen 

Township,  this  county,  He  then  carried  on  the  green-grocery  and  general  dealing  busi- 
ness for  si\  years,  w  hen  he  save  it  up  to  take  position  in  the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad 
office,  which  he  laid  for  three  years,  relinquishing  it  to  engage  in  the  livery,  and  after- 
ward in  a  restaurant  business,  which  be  sold  in  November.  1884:  in  April  following  he 
rented  the  hotel  at  the  end  of  the  bridge  from  Harrisburg  to  Bridgeport,  where  he  is  doing 
a  goo, I  business,  as  such  a  kind  friend  and  generous  man  must.  He  is  ably  assisted  by  bis 
wife,  who  takes  charge  of  the  interior  management.  She  is  a  prominent  member  of  the 
Reformed  Church.  They  have  two  sons:  George  Alfred,  aged  eleven,  and  Murray,  nine 
years  old.  All  who  know  this  worthy  couple  are  pleased  with  their  success  and  wish 
t luin  long  life  ami  continued  prosperity. 

WILSON   P.   WALTERS,  farmer.  Camp  Hill,  is  the  grandson  of  John  Walters,  a  na- 
anty,  whose  father  settled  hereafter  his  immigration  from  Germany.     His 
farm  was  in  what  is  qow  Hampden  Township,  near  the  mountain.     His  son  John  inher- 
ited the  farm,  on  which  be  died.     He  bad  four  sons:  John,  Daniel,  Joseph  Henrj  and  .la 
cob,     Daniel  Walters,  the  father  of  our  subject,  was  married  to  Margaret  Weibby,  of  Car 
lisle      Be  took  the] i  farm,  but  some  years  after  sold  it,  and  bought  another  near  Me- 
chanicsburg, where  he  died  about  1872,  in  his  seventy-seventh  year;  his  widow  died  in 
1876,  aged  seventy-five.     Their  children  were  Levi,  Jacob.  Margaret.  Wilson  I'.,  John  II., 
David,  Maty   and    Sarah   and    Kpliraim.  who   both   died    young.      Levi  died    ill    Hampden 
Township  in   1885;  Jacob  died   in   1858;  Margaret  is  the  wife  of  Jacob  A.   Basehore,  of 
Hampden  Township:  John  II.  is  married   to   Miss  Jennie   Ziegler,  and   is  now  burgess  of 
icsburg.     Wilson  P..  was  born  September  8,  1836.     He  worked  at  carpentering  for 
seven  years,  when  be  hired  the   Simon  Oyster   farm,  which  he  worked   for  nineteen  years, 
at  which  time  he  bought   from  his  father-in-law,  Jacob  Sadler,  the  one  on  which  he  now  re- 
Nbv<  mber  I  ?    1  *.">().  he  married  .Miss  Mary  Sadler,  who  was   bom  on  the  farm  they 

i  They  have  two  children,  Julia  A  ,  born  January  18,  1861,  now  the  wife  of  a". 
O.  Sample,  in,  rehant  of  Mechanicsburg,  and  William  Franklin,  born  December  2,  1863, 
who  is  single  and  living  with  his  parents,  Mr.  Wallers  has  never  held  office,  hut  gives 
bis  entire  nine  and  attention  to  his  farm,  lie  is  a  member  of  Eureka  Lodge,  No.  3(1'.'.  A. 
Y.  M  .  of  Mechai   csburs   ami  hears  a  bigh  character  for  honesty  and  uprightness. 

CHAR]   ES   F    W  ll.I'.AH.  mail  carrier.  West  Fairview.  was  born  in  Warcbam.  Mass., 
October  2,  1833      Mi-  father,  Charles  Wilbar,  was  born  in  that  state,  and  there  lived  until 
d  he  came  to  West  Fairview.  this  county,  to  take  charge  of  the  nail  factory  of  .1. 
Pratt  A-  Son.  the  senior  member  of  which  arm  w  as  :,  brother  of  Mrs   Wilbar     I  In 

of  the  works  to  .lames  M cCorin iok .  Mr.  Wilbar  retired  from  active  life.      He  died  in    1865. 

lb-  was  twice  married:  Brsl  io  Miss  Lydia  Pratt,  by  whom  he  had  one  daughter,  Jam    P 

who  died  in  Bo-ton  in   iss:;       His  Second    wife    was   a    sister  of  his   first.  Agatha    B.  Pratt, 

w  ho  died  in  Fairview  in  1880.    They  had  seven  children,  of  «  hom  on,-  son  andonedaugh 
fer  are  deceased     Those  living  are  Lydia  Ann.  wife  of  Rev.  9    1'i-iiei    of  Harrisburg, 

Penn.:  Charles  !■', :  Elizabeth,  Wife  of  Solomon  A.  Alexander,  of  York.  Penn.;  Josiah  1'.. 
book  keeper  at  the  nail  factory,  and  Bethiab.  wife  of  George  Schutt,  of  Fairview.    (  harks 


476  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES : 

F  Wilbar  was  educated  in  the  public  schools,  and  at  eighteen  began  working  in  the  keg 
shops  attached  to  the  nail  works,  of  which  he  was  afterward  foreman  for  twenty-three 
years  retiring  in  1881.  Since  July  1,  1885,  he  has  carried  the  mail  between  J  airview  and 
Harrisburg.  In  186J  he  married  Eliza,  born  in  1834,  daughter  of  John  Holtz,  of  Fairview, 
Penn  To  this  union  the  following-named  children  have  been  born:  Charles  Edward, 
born  November  7,  1865,  now  teaching  in  the  village;  Emma  Loretta,  born  August  18, 1868; 
Lily  Viola,  born  January  30,  1873— all  living  at  home;  and  Harry  F.  who  died  September 
29  1864  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wilbar,  son  and  eldest  daughter  are  members  ot  the  Lutheran 
Church.'  An  estimable  couple,  with  a  fine  family,  a  pleasant  residence  and  the  respect  ot 
their  neighbors,  they  are  happily  situated.  j*..i,~ 

HENRY  K  WITMAN.  contractor,  Wormleysburg.  John  Witmau,  the  grandfather 
of  our  subject,  was  a  native  of  Lancaster  County,  Penn.  Although  a  farmer  he  carried 
on  the  business  of  weaving,  operating  four  looms.  He  married  Mary  Y  ontz,  also  of  Lan- 
caster County,  and  had  eight  children;  Elizabeth,  Mary,  Catharine,  Anthony  John,  Jo- 
seph, Jacob  and  Paul.  Of  these,  John  was  born  m  1799,  and  came,  in  1809,  to  London- 
derry Township  Dauphin  Co.,  Penn.,  with  his  parents,  who  had  purchased  a  farm  there, 
upon  which  they  resided  until  they  died.  John  Witman  learned  the  trade  of  weaving, 
which  he  followed  for  many  years.  His  wife  was  Mary  Irwin,  by  whom  he  had  eleven 
children-  Henry  K.,  John,  William.  Paul,  Joseph.  Catharine,  Lydia,  Mary,  Elizabeth, 
Sarah  and  Phianna— all  born  and  reared  on  the  homestead.  Henry  K  Witman,  the  only 
one  of  the  family  residing  in  Cumberland  County,  acquired  a  practical  education  early  in 
life  and  when  twenty-two  years  old  was  made  foreman  by  a  contractor  grading  the  Leb- 
anon Valley  Railroad  through  Dauphin  County.  He  afterward  superintended  the  grad- 
ing of  the  Northern  Central  in  Northumberland  County,  and  the  Huntingdon  &  Broad  I  op 
Railroad,  in  Huntingdon  County,  Penn.  January  1,  1860,  he  superintended  a  floating 
ean°-  "on  the  North  Central.  In  this  year  he  was  married  to  Mary  J.  McCanna,  ot  Chester 
County  Penn  and  began  housekeeping  in  Bridgeport.  Penn.  He  became  foreman  on  the 
North  Central  Railroad,  holding  that  position  until  1879,  when  he  opened  a  stone  quarry 
on  the  McCormick  estate,  which  he  still  works.  In  a  wreck  on  the  road,  in  18b-.  lie  lost 
his  right  arm,  but  with  indomitable  will  kept  his  position  and  made  a  success  in  lite,  in 
1864  he  purchased  a  residence  in  Wormleysburg.  Penn.,  which  he  sold  in  1875,  engaging 
in  mercantile  business  in  Bridgeport  until  1881,  when  he  bought  his  present  home.  Ho 
more  desirable  place  could  be  had.  It  overlooks  the  broad  Susquehanna  and  the  flourish- 
ing city  of  Harrisburg.  He  has  four  children:  John.  Harry,  Lydia  and  Naomi,  who  may 
feel  a  fust  pride  in  bearing  a  name  that  knows  no  stain.  A  competence  honorably  ac- 
quired and  a  gool  income,  enables  him  to  surround  his  fam  ly  with  all  the  comforts  of 
life.  Books,  music,  etc.,  make  cheerful  their  happy  home,  and  he  well  deserves  the  esteem 
accorded  him  by  his  neighbors. 


CHAPTER  XL VI. 
FRANKFORD  TOWNSHIP. 

M  F  ANTHONY  farmer,  P.  O.  Bloserville,  is  a  grandson  of  John  Anthony,  who  was 
brought  to  this  country  an  infant,  about  130  years  ago.  from  Germany  His  parents  settled 
in  Adams  County,  near  Hanover,  where  he  lived  until  his  death  He  married  Margaret 
Huffman,  and  they  had  six  children:  Michael,  Elizabeth,  Margaret.  Catherine  Lena  and 
John  Of  these  John,  the  sole  survivor,  married  Margaret  Shaeffer.  of  North  Middleton 
Township  and  lives  a  few  miles  from  Carlisle  Michael,  father  of  our  subject,  was  born 
June  23  1791,  and  died  October  5,  1859.  His  wife  was  Eva  Doyhl.  who  was  born  June  1, 
1792  and  died  January  15,  1864.  They  had  sis  children  one  dying  in  infancy.  Ihe 
others  were-  Catharine,  wife  of  Henry  Neff.  of  Newville;  Margaret,  wife  of  John  1  en- 
ton  of  Newville;  Sarah,  wife  of  Joseph  McDermond,  of  Mifflin  Township;  John,  who 
died  when  fifteen  years  old.  and  Michael  F.,  who  was  born  January  2,  1820.  two  miles 
from  Carlisle  in  North  Middleton  Township.  He  worked  as  a  weaver_  for  fifteen  years, 
when  he  began  farming,  first  in  Mifflin  Township,  for  two  years,  then  m  Newton  Town- 
ship eihty?ars;  lived  a  year  in  Newville,  and  then  returned  to  North  Middleton.  where 
he  resided  eight  years,  when  he  came  to  the  farm  which  he  and  his  wife  own  in  Frank- 
ford  Township.  In  1854  he  married  Miss  Sarah  Asper,  who  was  born  April  15,  1831  and 
died  January  15,  1864,  the  mother  of  one  child,  who  died  young.  January  9,  1872,  Mr. 
Anthony  married  Mrs.  Mary  Ann  Allen,  widow  of  George  Allen,  who  was  a  Miss  Barley. 


FRANKFORD   TOWNSHIP.  477 

They  have  two  <*ndren:  Sarah  Catharine,  bun,  Augusl  8,  1878,  and  David  Edward  born 

Sctwandp^oity      Anthony  is  a  "l"""'"'' <"'  ,il"  ^theran  Church,  I !n  of  hfgh' char- 

.NIK-    NANCY  DRAWBATJGH,   Bloserville,  Is  descended  fr me  of  the  old  fami 

^softhe  county,  a.  was  her  husband,  John   Drawbaugh,  whose  grandfather  came  f      1 
York     ountj  a  rreal  many  years  ago  and  settled  in  what  is  now  Cower  Ale,  T     ■„ 
One  of  lussoos  George,  was  the  father  of  John,  the  busband  of  Nancy     Georee  va  I     ■ , 
m  1801  and  died  March  10    1866.     II,.  was  married,   in  [832,  to  Barbara  BllZI  of  North 
Middleton    rownship,   where  he  was  then  living     she  died  in    hm,.    iftss     »« 
wagon-maker  and  a  farmer  in   Frankford  Township    but  sold  ouf  and  moved  I  o  anther 

Alexander  Cornman,  married  to  Emma  Roberts  livin.r  in  West  Vim-,,       <'     ■      i >  ' 

and  1 1,,-n  bought  and  removed  to  the  farm,  where  he  died.  October  7,  1883,  and  where  hia 

g sis"  «SHg«'  itwssata«asdSS 

uJ,-,       'V"'"    ^Mhip;  George  Albert,  born  July  8,   1857,  and  died  NoTemb'e*  R 

b    ",'   v'm'm    n;::"1|:"'.o,",rn  I"hnVlr>  I3;  |SI1°-  and  died  October  4, '1882;  and  David  Porter 

Ertf  Zl 5  '  :,r  enj°ymg  '  Well"earned  reSt  fro'"  aCti™  —     She  isalnem* 

>°w  of  Joseph  HeslYnd^^^^ 

■  •     'i  ,       •  '    ■  'yeyears.    Hehassince  made  several  changes,  bul  for  Sve  rears 

;;  ,  '  J-       '  ""  ll!  :  '',-  farm  in  ths  town  bip   renting  nis  own  farm      ',,'.,? 

}""[u>    ',''        ,',  "'-,     .  ey  ll:,v"  had  tenchildren.  oi f  whom  John  Weslev  miau. 

nfancy;  Mary  thzab-th  is  the  wife  of  Elias  B.   Boover  of  il.K  tmv  ,<  ,  „     t  ,  .V 
hvmg  at  hom  follows:  Sarah    \ ,  n    b.  ■       ,  ,    ,    s      J',     ,-''"'" 

Cath,m,,    born   February  85.   1866;  Joseph  Sylvester   bo? Octobei -24    186S '  Vwnff" 
Fr— •'">"  ra:  Ma  Jane,  born  Januarj  L6, 1874;  cSarT Eletnora,  bom  fe 


478  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

sfejffi  sssASSSfiS  2srsrfs»  ,*£»  WOrd  is  aS  ^  ftS  any  man . 

^FRANCIS  MENTZEB,  lumberman  BloservUle  "J-^fflggSK^SS  hi 
the  township,   who  has  done  much  to  ckv  ]u p  lilt  m,  ancestors  0n  the  paternal 

lives,  was  born  in  the  township ,he  has if^^^^Germany,  before  the  Revolution 
side  came  from  Hungary,  and  <»  ™e,^fed  Thisbranch  of  the  family  is  descended 
His  great-grandfather,  John,  was  twice  niarnet . .     i  u  Q         f  their  sons,  aiso 

from  the  second  wife,   whose  name  was  Ch u  tun W. s in  t  D(J(.ember  15>  1780, 

named  John,  grandfather  of   Francis,  wa    bo,  n  in  U    caster  U  ^  ^  wftg  £ 

and  died  in  this  township  February  5.  ^^^^VTm  Germany  when  eighteen  years  old 
beth  Ernst,  a  daughter  of  John  Einst ,  w  no  c.uir  i  eiehtv-seven  years.     They  had 

Ks  born  March  14.  1793  and  '"  ^c  f^  IXember  12,  1818  married 
nine  children:     Frederick,  father  of  ou.  s  i  J < ■       n   .  ^  187Q;  Henry>  b         j   ly 

Eliza  Seitz,  and  after  her  death   Eva  lb    s .U  •      T  ui      where  they  are  living; 

29    1820.  married  Polly  Lemon,  of  \\  est  P.  n is >,  »   -'    '  J  township,  and  lives 

Simon,  born  October  3.  1«^  "VssA" nvirr^d  Ann  Frv  and  lives  in  West  Pennsborongh 
here;  David,  born  November  24,  ^^''s^vured  Harriet  Oiler,  and  lives  on  theBloser 
Township;  George,  born .February  2,    IK-  .  n  an  ucl      ar  township.    Catherine  was 

mansion  farm;  Barbara  is  the  wife  of  John  U    emya fir  unmarried,  lives  with 

S  of  Wiliiam  Kost  and  both  are    ^.ndSmh.  whoa  ^     R 

her  brother  George.  Frederick,  fath e  o J  *  *^;  *  safter  many  changes  he  bought  the 
on  his  father's  farm  until  aftei  his  man  a^c ,  w  ,^  ,  tired  and  boUght  a  small  place 
Laied  farm,  now  owned  by  his  son   Fran cis.  Jn  !Sb4  ^^  m4      H 

southof  Bloserville,.removingtothevila   c    w       -  whatever   he  undertook,   and 

was  a  thorough-going  man.  l1,^,.;  ^J°anaVas  several  times  elected  to  responsible 
enioved  the  confidence  of  his  fellow-citizens,  ai it Lutheran  Church.  January 
township  offices.  He  was  a  religious  ^™5£p*X£ father  was  born  December 
26,  1837.  he  marred  Mar ha  Bo wm  a no  t In,  own  1  als0  was  a  widow  aMrs.  Messner, 
11   1788,  and  died  April  21.  1846.     Hei  ™°™^t    ua  advanced  age  of  mnety- 

and  originally  a  Miss  Bloser.  who  died  Jan  aiy  -  *•£*•* ,yu  %  1838,  mfrried  Ellen 
seven  y°ears.      They  had  six  children.    V  ill  a    .   boiu         y    ^   rf  w  L 

De  Sanno.   and   died  February  28.  lbto   (h  is  w  a  Carlisle,   a  graduate  of 

resides  in  Peoria  111.);  »  w»  ? J  |l  l  riP  'ehools  of  the  principal  European 
Jefferson  Medical  College   »«a.l    « t^  Per       CoUDty,  alld  was 

cities;   John  was  born  May  29,  1842,  man  <        ,  "''ido\v   ,nd  family  still  reside  on  his 
accklently  drowned  in  the  Oon^og^etL^A^^  ana  ra     ^ 
farm  in   West   Pennsborongh  To    ns   .,    .    A  ...    a,, i  rVam.is-  faI.m;    David,  born 

daughter  of  Hezekiah  Koch  of  Miffl .m.  and  is  n  ^»  -  d  .  Uvi  on  lhe  homestead 
April  4.  1847,  married  M.na  C InoniM .  ot  Adams  WW  i849   .g  ^  wrfe  of  A    p. 

farm,  also  owned  by  our  subject;  Ma^  Elizabeth^      -     y  gecond  was  bom 

Schimp,  and  is  living  in  South  Middlet n J      u    .  >  u  farming  on  two  or 

February  4.  1845.  He  lived  at  home  tint  1  ^XnnTownsh^  where  he  stayed  seven 
three  farms,  finally  removing  to  Mount  Rock,  renn  i  P        from  Qig  fath     two 

years,  and  in  1870  came  back  to  the  old  farm  ^icn^e  eighteen  months,  during 

years  before.     Here  he  remained  six  >e.us.  utn  in  nie  remained  thereuntil 

wliTch  time  he  went  West  on  Ins  return  ^«£**£  fnow  resides.  In  1884  he  had 
the  snring  of  1885,  when  he  removed  to  tin  piacc  w  ueie  f  Stambaugh  & 

bought  an  interest  in  the  business  .™ d  on  ^r^  Member  22.  1860,  he 
Mentzer   which  he  sold  in  the  spring  of  1886  t«   his  s  m_  n  <^«kk._  February 

SedMary,  daughter  of  Wi  Ham  Draw haug  Jj  "^^d  to  deM  ^r  clofhing  taking 
28.  1840,  and  died Horomber 11,  ^-  ^'f",1  >,,^.  named  children:  Abner  D  born 
fire  from   an  exploded  lamp.  J1;^1.'^^   1S65.  who  has  taught  school  and  now  sue- 

William  EL.  born  May  21.  1870  ^nd  died  J u  y  15,  ^^^orn  September  30,  1876.  all 
Francis,  born  December  31     18,3.   an  1  K        D    Mentzev,   a  cousin,  a 

living  at  home.     December  21    1882  Mr  denize    mai  u  child  Mamlgi  b 

daugliter  of  John  Men  tzer,  and  born  Februarys  1 awu     i     y  acti      pan.    He 

May  19  1884,  who  died  May  4,  188o.     Mr.  Me'iuu  u.i     .        .  jtb  hisbrother- 

Cbuiit  many  houses  ami 1k,.-„s  is  "?w -gas  >  -^^Ict^ve  part  in  the  affairs  of 
in-law.  Joseph  Drawbaugh  in  Miffl  n   i    «  m  n  l  several  members  of  the 

the  townships,  and  has  held  sever:,    offi.   .     H c  ;md  his  £1^  ^  universa]ly  esteemed 

S^ff^^r^^^  The  grandfather  of 
aS  "WILLIAM  JACKSON  WALLACE  farmer  P-^-^e^^  fifom  Ireland  on 
Kffit  Cm^of  ^UraTrwas^art.     He   was  married  here  and  reared  a 


HAMPDEN    TOWNSHIP.  ITU 

family.  Those  who  arrived  al  maturity  were:  James,  who  was  married  to  Susan  McCrea 
,l,i(l  llv','1  '"'  ■■■■  where  he  died;  Thomas,  who  wenl  to  Ohio  when  voun* 
marnedaMiss  Watt,  and  died  there;  John,  who  Lived  on  afarm  adjoinine  the  home 
stead  married  a  Miss  Mary  rhompson,  removed  to  Newville,  and  died  there  in  L876  fane 
who  married  a  Mr.  Shoemaker,  went  to  Monmouth,  Dl..  where  he  died;  Margan 
died  unmarried;  Nancy,  the  wife  of  Thompson  Mathers,  of  Mifflin  Township  thu  county 
am  the  youngest  son,  who  was  born  in  L800,  and  lived  on  the  farm' 
until  a  few  years  before  his  death,  at  Newville,  in  1874  He  married  Miss  Marj  Whem 
;:M,;p,u,]    lou,,.,,,,,.,,,,!  had  nine  children:  John  W.,  who  died  at  .e  unmarr  I  I 


the  youngest  of  the  sons.     Our  subject   was  born  March  30,  1839,  and  worked 


a  gooi]  citizen. 
I  oited  Presbyterian  Church  at  Newville. 


CHAPTER  XLVII. 

HAMPDEN  TOWNSHIP.* 

illHiiiiiiias 

bornon  the  same  prfpertv     to  1837  wh™  K  !  "'  SWn?  ,i,n"-  *«  nv"  wSerations 

i       IlSiiP 

"  ">Wm   and  bilived tZre  LtniC  his  father  gave 

place  on  which  he  now    resides    in   Hsu    >.    >,  T     -,       ,  '       "'"  he  bought  the 

'f™:  Simon,  his  se,  £  &xW  daurfitef'  of  SKlv8.^8 

Three  daughtei  ,  ft  . '   \     .:  '    "      ;  ".'  >  j«'  /':"f 

^wri^ 

♦See  also  borough  of  ^hiremanstuwn,  j.age  46G. 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES: 


term  of  three  years  to  the  P^'g^^JS^^^^^^^^ 
director.Uo  for  many  y*--™  l1'?,. last  tlius   .  -  *- ' <  > >  position  to  wliico  he 

;««or  ..vor.l  times,  b.idai  nl  mg  « >vo r, .1  »  ™»  ^'J,  u  „,,lt  '.id  .uiitalio.  of  h  . 

father  and  grandfather  were  born      He  is        >  turn    >  =>   well-known  "Caroth- 

October,  1832.  His  pareuts  came  to  b  «  y  m  1W  (  J  ^  Here  Christian  lived 
ers-  farm,"  which  had  been  owned  by _that iamiiy  to.  *  his  elder  son  David, 

until  the  spring  of  1851,  when  his  fat her  turn ed  tto^ ta^  rf  ^  q       f         , 

himself  and  family  removing  to ^a    o  se  k  '  ,.     d       til  his  marnage.  in  I806 

in  the  then  new  township  of  Hampden-     Here  wn  1  Township,  he  then  removed 

with  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  John  Wilt  rfMU™  William  Orr.     Here  he  stayed 

to  a  farm  bought  by  his  father,  in  18.  3  f™m.^™\ouse  which  he  built  at  the  lower 
until  the  spring  of  1883  when  he  remove to a  ne^  h  ll  f  James  0rr,  and  this,  with 
end  of  his  farm,  to  which  he  had  adde  1  hf tj ..*     *       V-  and  ninety-five 

the  original  Orr  Farm  of  160  acres  which  h got  110m  Ws    fiQe  farm  Qf  ^  . 

acres  which  he  purchased  from  Susan  biuu.  „ivcs   u  ,      Township,  and  one  of  its 

"act   making  hini   about  the fi largest fl  -d-owner  in  Hampdeii  Tow^p,  rf 

heaviest  taxpayers      He  has  five  ch il dren.  fceoi»e  w  weddgd  to  Fredenclt  Mum- 

Eli  C.  Shuman  (he  farms  his  Others  upper  tarm     a  ^  ^  un  ed 

ma.  grocer,  of  Mechanicsburg  ;  Reb ecca  E ;  M  It .on ^>  a™fflce8  and  has  been  school  di- 
aud  live  at  home.     Mr.  Dietz  has  1 id     -J, , I  sevenll  minor  0ffices. 

rector  for  eighteen  years,  asse or w o  term ^0™£0$  «,„,  and  sbould  his  fellow-ct.zens 
He  has  worthily  discharged   the  du Ues  ot  every  P   -  rob;lble_  his  life   and  charater, 

$i^o^&ZFS  °au  meT arfa fuaCtee'that  he  will  faithfully  discharge 

born  near  Mechanicsburg  m  1830  «on  °t  J    hn  aoeny  Eberly 's  father  bought 

from  Lancaster  County,  with  his  father,  when  *  >°u^^  Q    sub1ect  of  this  sketch), 

a  farm  of  288  acres  of  land  (a  part  of  which  is  ™»  '«  l,  Lrt  of  the  land,  which,  on 
where  he  lived,  and  on  his  death  his  son  John  inherited  £at  part  o^   the  ^.^ 

hU  (John's)  death,  was  inherited  by  Samuel  and  °n  ^  "^  ™r.  She  died  in  1851, 
In  1843  Samuel  Eberly  married  Susan    daughter  otunnua  following  year 

leaving  one  son  and  three  daughters,  of  whom  one   has  s  nee nie  ^  ^.^  from 

Samuel  Eberly  married  Frances,  a  sistei  of  his  tu>t  «u,  a  nu  _  [{   ill18T7,  a  substan- 

a  0  v elarm  labors,  which  he  has  never  resumed -  gP»™ ™ ™g  Turnpike,  which  in- 
ral  and  commodious  brick  residence  on  h P  »  '^  ,™  ^ refinement,  being  much 
ersects  his  farm.  The  house  denotes  t, aat  he „sa ^Y^*^?  of  the  houses  in  the- 
superior  in  appearance  and  if.^  a  ;'".;'",  ,„"w  forty  years  of  age,  who  married 
valley.  His  family  consists  of  his  wife  bis  son  !>  in. m  n  >w  k  > u  A  f  of 
Ellen,  daughter  of  Samuel  B ashore  ar told  settler  and  £j^  ^  ,  Mr.  Eberly-  Mary, 
John  Strong,  residing  on  a  farm  in  b.He.  bpnn     u  I  her  father>       Hamp- 

-wife  of  Ben  .  F.  Zimmerman  who   a  so  hvcs   o n  a  1  FranCes,  who  married  J.  B. 

den  Tp.;  these  are  the  children  b^.^f,^s'd^;ntjTr  Eberly 's,  and  they  had  ust  moved 
Lindeman  (he  built  a  house  immedia  eh  . id. v  ..  n  ^^ 0ydi'ed  February  22  1886,  Mr. 
into  it  when  Mrs.  Lindemar ,  died)      By  1 is  si u  ml  "nL-  of  Hampden  Township; 

Eberly  has  five  daughters:  Elizabeth,  wife  of  A     am  X .  H  Emm^       d  Wa> 

Kate,  wedded  to  Jacob  S.  Mdey,  ot  b  lvc  hpn»  10™n  '  ^  owns  five  farmS:  The  one 
living  at  home.     Mr.  Eberly  has ,  accun mUi      la i„e  ™^.  Mg  father,s  . 

on  which  he  lives  contains    76  acres   foi  which  he    a  e        .  ^^  -n  Ha    pden 

in  Silver  Spring  Township,  ^TuO-^nf  of  105  teres  in  Silver  Spring  township,  cost 
Township,  for  which  he  S»TO  •1t;TnVin°  Townshii  costing  $18.00.).  Besides  these,  he 
him  113,573;  and  another  in  b.  ver  bpi ^ng  low,  ,  ip.  ^  -J  w  including  mprove- 
bought.  in  I860,  a  farin  on  the  turnpike,  o t  13    a ■     ..^  wn  -  s.mon>  for  h 

men'ts,  over  P0.000  ^^^^""^^'"^.^'oTXrldncS  Since  1851  he  has  been  largely 
less  consideration).  He  lnis  < »  pr opcitj  ot  o  .  h.  adrahlistrator.  executor,  trustee, 
engaged  in  the  business  of  setting  ^la.i.wn  are  nQW  uaseMled 

gufirdian,  or  agent  for  no  ess  thai 1  httj h«'  ^  ^  knowing  his  sterling  worth,  good 
He  has  also  written  twenty-nine  wills   his  11  i„n  k  o      uem      He  has  wntten, 

judgment,  and  strong  common  ^e.  "«ishng  on  lairn  at      ?  practicaUy  a  self-made 

iince  1881. 1.763  letters,  ?f  which  he  ^daucXn '  he  is  a  bright  example  of  what  may  be 
man.  Starting  in  life  with  scarce  y  any  d ■»<  ■  »'  ;,^  ri„.ht,  baeked  by  industry.  First,  a 
JSS'SXly  unerated1^  tJX-  man=in  the  community  stands  higher 


HAMPDEN    TOWNSHIP.  IS1 

among  all  classes  of  people.  That  be  may  long  be  spared  to  hi*  family,  and  for  the  benefit 
of  the  people  »  bo  depend  bo  largely  upon  bis  family,  is  the  sincere  wish  of  all  who  k  now 
him. 

BENJAMIN  ERB,  farmer,  P.  <  >  Mechanicsburg,  is  the  youngest  son  of  Benjamin  and 
and  Susan  (Sadler)  Erb,  born  in  1848,  on  his   father's   farm,  a  pan  of  which  be  ni 

b  upon;  it  embraces  most  of  the  land  between  two  bends  of  the  Conodoguinet 
Creek,  which  bounds  ii  on  three  sides.  After  bis  father's  death  Benjamin'selder  brother, 
Joseph,  bought  the  farm  from  the  estate,  and  two  years  later  Bold  seventy  seven  acres  on 
'  i"  Benjamin.  Here  Benjamin  erected  a  new  brick  house  and  barns.  Bis  father 
was  a  native  ol  East  Pennsborough  Township,  this  county,  and  lived  in  Wormli 
he  bought  a  farm  in  that  township,  which  he  afterward  si. Id.  He  then  removed  to  the 
farm  now  occupied  bj  bissons.  Benjamin,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  lived  at  home 
until  he  was  twentj  six  years  of  age,  when  he  married  Mary,  daughter  of  Amos  Hicks, 
ol  Mechanicsburg,  Penn.;  she  died  in  1876  leaving  a  aon,  Benjamin,  Jr.,  now  fifteen  vears 
oM.     In  1881  our  Bubject  was  again  married,  this  time  to  .Miami,  daughter  of  Peter  Plank 

ol  Mechi sburg,  Penn.    They  have  one  child.  Charles,  now  three  years  old.     Afterthe 

his  father,  Mr.  Erb  farmed  his  father's  farm  for  two  years,  and  then  removed  to 
Bhiremansto^  n;  two  years  later  he  came  back  to  bis  farm.  and',  after  remaining  her-  two 
years,  be  removed  to  Mechanicsburg,  where  he  resided  for  six  year-.  After  hi-  marriage 
with  Miss  Plank  he  came  back  to  his  farm  and  has  Bince  resided  here.  He  is  justly  proud 
ot  his  farm,  as  well  as  of  his  fine  stock.  Mr.  Erb  has  never  held  office,  ami  could  scarcely 
lie  induced  to  accept  any,  hui  his  neighbors  may  not  he  disposed  always  to  acqu 
'hat  decision.  Should  he  be  induced  to  accept  a  public  position,  his  character  is  sufficient 
guarantee  that  he  will  worthily  (111  it. 

CHRISTIAN  BERTZLER,  farmer,  P.  0.  Mechanicsburg,  was  horn  April  30,  1888 
near  Millersville,  Lancaster  Co.,  Penn.  His  father,  likewise  named  Christian,  was  also 
horn   in    Lancaster   County,  where   he  lived   until  our  subject  was  four  years  old.  when  he 

removed  to  Monroe  Township,  this  county,  where  he  resided  until  Ins  death,  about 
twelve  years  since  On  this  farm  young  Christian  worked  until  he  was  twenty  four  years 
ot  age,  at  which  time  he  married  Eliza,  daughter  of  Jacob  Mumma.  of  Mec'hanieshurir, 
M»d  took  a  farm  ol  hi-  father's,  which  he  worked  successfully  for  nine  years  when  he 
resold  "  to  In-  lather  and  bought  his  present  farm  of  lid  acres,  adding  largely  to  the 
buddings  and  making  it  one  of  the  best  in  the  township,  showing  every  evidence  of  thrift 

and    comfort.      To   Christian    Hertzler,  Jr.,  and  wife   have   been' born 'nine  children,  who 
are  now  uving,  and  two  who  died  while  quite  young.    The  names  and  ages  of  those  living 
Mary,    twenty-five,   wife  of   Elias    Shelley,    of  Upper  Allen  township;  Martin 
\\  timer,    twenty  Hire,,   Alice    .lane,  twenty  two;   Ira    Mumma.  twenty;  Cora  May.  fifteen ; 
(  hn-tian   Elmer,    thirteen;   Ella   Eliza,    eleven;    Jacob   Hay.   nine;  and   Ada  Grace    four 
I  lie  last  named  five  attend   the  Pike  School.     Mr.  Hertzler  has  not   been  an  office  seeker. 
and  has  never  held  an  office,  except  that  of  school  trustee.     In  politics  he  i«.  like  all  the 
Jleit/ler-,  astanch  Republican.     He  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Slat,-  1  [ill  Mennon- 
lte  Church,  near  Sbiremanstown,  and  live  up  to  their  professions  of  religion,  enjoying  the 
ee  and  esteem  of  all  who  know  them. 
•H  MIX   LININGER,  farmer.  P.  O.  Good    Hope,  was  born  near  where  he  now  lives, 
m  L887,  a  son  ol   Jacob  ami  Eliza  (Monasmith)  Lininger,  both  natives  of  this  county.     His 
grandfather  was  born  in  Franklin  County,  whence  he  came  to  this  county,  where  his  son, 
J>""b.   ■■'  d    but   about    thirt  v  live  years  ago  he  removed  to  Iowa    where 

llr  Ml11  »»M  A)  the  age  Of  four  years  John  was  adopted  bv  John  Hasehorc.  who  owned 
the  farm  where  Mr.  Lininger  lives.  John  worked  for  his  foster  father  until  1854  when 
•"'  "en!  to  Mechanicsburg  to  learn  tin-  trade  of  carpenter.  At  this  he  worked  to,  four 
year-.  When    he  married   Miss   Mary  Jane    Basehore,  a   niece    of  his    foster   father.      John 

then  took  charge  ot  the  farm  until  Mr,  Basehore' s  death,  in  1870,  when  the  farm  was  lie. 
nsideration.  He  has  had  three  children,  of  whom  one  is  now  living: 
•i"1'"  B ■•  n"'A  i |SM'"  'weuty  six  year-  of  age,  who  is  married  to  Susan,  daughter  of  Henry 
O.  Booser,  of  East  Pennsborough  Township.  Mr.  Lininger  has.  for  the  past  twenty 
year-,  had  to  contend  againsl  the  mi-fortune,  which  then  happened  to  him.  of  losing  his 
right  hand  in  a  threshing  machine.  Five  year-  ago  Mr.  Lininger  was  duly  elected  and 
ordainea  River  Brethren,  and  is  also  actively  engaged  in  the  manage- 

m'"'  "!  his  farm;  on  Sundays  officiating  in  his  ministerial  capacity  w  berever  Bervices  are 
held,  tie-  Brethren  having  no  church  edifice  in  the  district,  services  being  mainly  held  in 
the  residences  ot  members,  and  sometimes  in  edifices  owned  by  other  denominations 
Mr.  Lininger  le  regarded,  not  onlj  bv  members  of  his  own  church,  but  by  all  who  know 
turn,  as  a  man  ol  strictest  probity  and  integrity. 

W  II.  I,  I  AM  I',.   LOGAN,  fanner,   I',  ( I.  i;0od  Hope,  wa-  bom  near  where  he  now  lives 

1,1  ]v|  '  -""  ol  ^  iiliam  Logan,  a  native  of  Lebanon  County,  Penn  .  who  came  to  this 
county  m  lx-pj,  and  dual  m  IsTs.  His  grandfather,  likewise  a  native  of  Lebanon,  named 
William,  died  during  the   war   of    1812,      Our  subject    lived  on    tic   1 ie  farm  until   |S(i7, 

when  le  ,, ,,rried  Mary  J,,  daughter  of  Christian  C.  Kupp.  of  Silver  Spring  Township, 
this  county.     They  have  -even  children:  Abner  C,  Dessie  Kate,  John  R.,  Frances   Lizzie 


482  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

Blanche,  Ira  N    and  Mary     Twc .other  child ren  ^V^ne  S^MjSS 

school  from  18bl  until  1883.     On  the  <k am  <  i  ns  u  ,'  t      and  then 

sure  a  ^r^p»^^ 
^a-^nSn^,;;:;:^^ 

S&2?  S«  Sf  ntt  f -  ^,i,m  to  his  constituents,  any  po- 
Siti°IAMESCE  MARTIN  1«r  pVFoSSd  Hope'  liveToafhe  farm  on  which  he  was 
His  father,  James  Martin,  is  also  a  native  of  tl iisco uutv     n  r  or mn  ij 

Jennie,  wife  of  John  t  unk   o b pun   ti  (     .     ul  J;       w  f  g     er  AUeQ  Township,  this 

Laura,  Emma  and  Eme.     LllurlV'V"       ;',',',    h       Mr   Martin,  it  will  be  seen,  is  quite 
county.     The  others  are  unmarried  and .Ixre  at  hoe.     M   ^^.'^fore  him.      He  is  in- 

the  progenitor  of  the  numerous  family  of  K   1  is  *    u     a  t  the  stQne 

part  of  the  country^    From  Lebanon  he  came  t.   C m,  o  ulan    u         j      ^  ^^      ^  rf 
house  now  occupied  by  the  subject  of  tins  sk< ten.   .     1 1 he 

„dW».i.ier.iBl,erit,.,nta  Louie  «n<l .  !■'"">»  .'«,i ^    ,J  ^  ,v  £    5  la  thi.  nmnty. 

ley.     He  is  a  member  of  the  Allen  &  East  1  «*   '%  J     yf    member  of  the 

Stolen  Horses  and  Mules,  and  the  Detection  of  Tl»«^s.  "^es  veirlv  exhibits.  Among 
Horticultural  Fair  Company  ot  Mechamcsburg.  whei  the  makc^.«  J  £  .grandfather! 
other  curiosities  which  he  has  shown  there  u  somes  ■  P  >  >  -         "  of  the 

Uei« N  SHAEFFER,  farmer  P.  ^^i^fi^ta'WS 
this  county,  born  on  the  old  Shaeffer  farm,  at  the  toot    UM  »  1 1  shortly 

father,  Join  Shaeffer,  was  born  on  {  -~ /«*  wh ^  yfs "^  ftTd  by  the  family! 
after  arriving  in  this  country  from  hex  many,      IMS  PtoP^O  of  twenty-one  years 

being  now  in  the  hands  of  John  and  his .two  b ot h > .      At     h     a  /ofession  of 

John  Shaeffer  went  West,  but  returned  two  j  ea     1.   u    . .  n  U .- ...  ^ed 

school-teaching  for  the  ensuing  twelve  yea  s,  fa. m ngin  the  «^*^  tWs  count  In 
Elizabeth  A.,  daughter  of  Christian  C.  Rip   ot  S    v  i  bp  i n  .  hg        in 

1864  he  gave  up  schoo -teaming ;  and  &£*£  ?b°g£&£  %?oue  year  in  Hogestown 
began  teaching   and  laugh  t  to.   t    i.     )  i.  I  T  hi      and  while  a  resident  of 

Then  he  again  farmed  for  two  yeais  in  & u\   i    -      "-,  .  recorder,  which 

New  Kingston,  in  that  township,  hew.  e  lectedc  erk  o i^»7offlce]  he  bought  the 
position  he  tilled  for  three  years.  On  the  expi  • ',  u  ' ,  J^Ji,^  V.-ly  to  it.  He  has  three 
farm  on  which  he  lives,  and  now  give  his  attent ^  «™vf  ^ t0^th  theil.  parents. 
^^1^^^^™**^^  thorough  and  cons«entious 


BAMPDEN   TOWNSHIP.  483 

manner  in  which  he  performed  bia  duties,  and  should  he  again  be  called  to  serve  his  fel- 
low-citizens, which  is  likely,  he  will  bring  to  the  discharge  of  his  duties  the  same  sterling 
qualities  which  have  distinguished  liis  past  career.  He  is  one  of  the  citizens  of  the  county 
who  must  inevitably  take  a  leading  pari  in  the  administration  of  its  affairs.  He  and  his 
wife  and  two  elder  daughters  are  communicants  of  Salem  Methodisl  Episcopal  ( hutch  in 
Hampden  Tow  aship 

ANDREW  BHEELY,  farmer,  P  0  Mechanicsburg,  is  one  of  the  oldest  residents  of 
inty,  having  been  born  near  where  he  now  lives.  March  Hi,  ism;.  His  father,  John 
Bheely,  was  also  born  on  the  same  farm,  and  died  before  the  war  of  the  Rebellion.  Our 
subject's  mother  died  while  the  Confederate  forces  were  a1  Chambersburg,  and.  as  Andrew 
Bheely  says,  was  buried  somewhat  hastily  for  fear  of  a  raid.  Our  subject's  grandfather, 
also  a  resident  of  i  his  county,  when  a  young  man  went  to  Germany  in  Beard)  of  a  fortune 
said  i"  have  been  left  to  him,  but  returned  without  it,  and  settled  down  to  farming,  in 
which  he  was  successful,  owning  four  farms  at  the  time  of  ins  death,  Andrew  Bheely  has 
seven  children  living— four  daughters  and  three  sons.  Hi-,  eldest  son,  William,  in  1861,  at 
i  te  years,  enlisted  in  the  Twentieth  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteer 
Infantry,  and  three  months  afterward,  while  carrying  dispatches,  attempted  to  ford  the 
Potomac  River  on  horseback,  at  a  place  known  as  •sir  John's  Run,"  and  was  drowned; 
his  body  was  recovered  by  his  comrades,  was  sent  home  and  was  buried  in  the  cemetery 
attached  to  St.  John's  Lutheran  ( Ihurch,  near  by.  He  was  one  of  the  first  of  Cumberland 
County's  heroes  to  give  up  his  life  for  his  country.  One  daughter  of  our  subject  is  also 
!  Fanny,  wife  of  .Martin  Wis,.,  The  children  now  living  are  Catherine  (wed- 
ded  to  Bolomon  Bi  ck,  fanner,  of  Hampden  Township),  Elizabeth  (wife  of  William  Koser 
of  Mechanics b  wife  of  John  Blair,  of  Bast  Pennsborough  Township),  Samuel 

(married  to  Margaret  Bosley  I,  Mary  Ann  (keeping  house  for  her  father),  John  (residing  in 

ShiremanStOWn   and   married   to    Becky,  daughter  of   Benjamin   Spong),  Levi  (married   to 

Sarah,  daughter  of  David  Sheaffer).  Until  he  was  about  twenty- five  years  of  age,  Andrew 
Sheelj  lived  with  his  father.  He  then  married  Fanny,  daughter  of  John  Eichelberger,  of 
Lower  Allen  Township,  and  moved  to  the  farm  he  now  occupies,  and  on  which  he  has  ever 
esided.  His  wife  died  in  1884.  Although  in  his  eightieth  year.  Mr.  Bheely  carries 
on  his  farm  himself,  and  is  hale  and  hearty.  He  is  a  consistent  member  of  the  Lutheran 
Chnrcb  and  enjoys  the  respect  and  esteem  of  the  entire  community. 

JOHN  BHOPP,  retired  farmer,  near  Sniremanstown,  was  horn  July  6,  1794,  on  the 
place  where  he  now  resides.  His  farm  is  one  of  the  original  tracts,  called  "Manington," 
for  which  a  warrant  was  granted  May  IT,  1767,  by  Thomas  and  John  Penn.  After  but 
two  intermediate  transfers,  it  was  purchased,  September  80,  1774,  by  Ulrich  Shopp,  grand- 
father of  our  subject,  and  has  continued  in  the  ownership  of  the  family  ever  since. 
Dlrich  Shopp  left,  inter  alia,  a  son  John,  who  married  a  Miss  Annie  Hershey,  and  they  had 
eleven  children:  Elizabeth,  Magdalena,  Christian,  John  (our  subject),  Sarah.  Samuel,  Ja- 
cob, Annie.  Fannie.  Catharine  and  David.  They  were  along-lived  family.  Magdalena 
died  when  a  child.  David  in  his  seventieth  year,  and  the  others  at  ages  ranging  from 
eighty  to  eighty-nine  years.  John  is  the  sole  survivor.  lie  was  horn  in  the  small  log 
iuse  which  now  stands  near  St.  John's  Church,  one-fourth  mile  from  his  farm, 
but  which  at    that    time  was  near  the  Site  of   his  present   residence.      Hi'  followed   farming 

until  about  twenty  years  ago,  when  he  retired,  and  has  since  been  engaged  in  no  special 

active  business.      He  has  Ions;  been  an  active  member  of  the  United  Brethren  Church,  the 

first  edifice  belonging  to  that  denomination  in  the  neighborhood  having  been  built  on 

land  which  he  gave  for  that  purpose,  together  with  sufficient  ground  for  a  grave-yard.     In 

1841,  he  married  Nancy,  daughter  of  Martin  and  Fannie  Nissley,  of  Dauphin 

County      She  died  July  7,  1841.'   March   16,  1st:;,  in-  married  Louisa,  daughter  of  Rev. 

John  Crider,  who  was  born  October  11.  1806,  near  Chambersburg,  Finn.     They  had  two 

Bona,  one  of  whom  died  in   infancy;  the  other  is  J.  11.  Shopp,   Esq.,  of  Harrisburg,  who 

n   January  20,  1850.     lie  was  educated  at  Dickinson  College,  from  which  be  was 

ed    in    is?'.'.      Afterward   he   read   law.    and  was  admitted    to   the    bar    of    Dauphin 

February  B,  1878.  In  1881  he  entered  into  partnership  in  the  practice  of  law 
with  Hon.  David  Mumma,  one  of  the  prominent  citizens  of  that  place.  Aprils.  1884,  Mr. 
Shopp  married  Alice  M  .  daughter  of  George  Cunkle  (deceased)  formerly  of  Harrrisburg. 
Tli-'  elder  Mr  Shopp  has  a  singularly  bright  recollection  of  matters  pertaining  to  the  early 
history  of  this  section  of  Cumberland  County,  covering  the  greater  part   of  the  present 

century,  and  communicates  his  recollections  iti  a  clear  and  entertaining  manner.    Through- 
out his  long  life  he  has  ever  borne  the  reputation  of  a  man,  of  unblemished  cl 
and  has  had   in  a  large   degree  the  esteem  and  respect   of  his  neighbors,  who  hop 
him  live  to  the  full  measure  of  a  century. 

ELI  C.  SHUMAN,  farmer.  P.  o.  Good  Hope,  is  a  native  of  Manor  Township,  Lancas- 
ter Co.,  Penn.,  born  Januarj  1.  1830;  his  father,  Jacob  B  Shuman,  and  hi-  grandfather, 
Christian  Shuman,  were  also  native- of  Lancaster  County,  a-  were  also  his  mother  and 

grandmother.  His  mother's  maiden  name  was  Fanny  Urban,  and  his  grandmother's  name 
was  Anna  Brenneman.  In  1854  he  married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Bernard  Mann,  of  the 
same  place,  and  continued  to  live  on  hi-  father's  farm  until   I860,  when  his  father  bought 


484  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

the  farm  in  Hampden  Township,  where  they  still  live.  He  has  a  family  of  seven  daugh- 
ters and  two o„s'  His  daughter  Laura  is  married  to  Jacob  Bretz,  son  of  Jacob  B  U, 
4r  f  Z  the  same  township;  Elizabeth  is  the  wife  ot  George  Dietz,  son  of  Chrn. 
Dietz  ofThe'same  tow-  sh  p;  Catharine  is  the  wife  of  David  V.  Kapp.  son  of  Wm.  Kapp 
nf  Silver  S,  in  Tow  "up  this  county;  the  other  children  are  unmarried  their  names  are 
Maffi IS  Ida,  Fannie  B,  B.  Frank  and  Albert  N.  Mr.  Slmman  devotes  his  whole 
time  to'ffrroTng:     He  and  his  wife  and  two  of  the  daughters  are  members  of  the  Methodist 

EP1  GEORGE  W'  SI1UMBERGER,  teacher  and  merchant,  P.  0.  Good  Hope,  is  a  well 

fiSSS?SSS  ffiSS  a  SSfc  nS«en  TolX^icf  hi 
Father  caSs  on         tailor  nC  business.     George  W.  was  born  in  1855;  remained  at  home 

Sin°ti^^ 

SniS«^^ 

year  he  w  appo  n  ed  postmaster.  The  following  year  he  resumed  teaching,  which  he 
slide  nth  ues   his  wife  agisting  him  in  his  other  business.     Mr.  Shumberger  has  been 

w  JM''  tl'«  P«*£.  but  W0UU'  n0t  SerVC;  ^  hMKbeen  f°WnS  'w^nde^y 

audit,  i  and  inspector  of  elections,  the  duties  of  which  posit.onshe  performed  with  fidelity 
and  can  lie  is  emphatically  a  self-taught  and  self  made  man.  universally  esteemed  for 
his  exemplary  coSt  and  character.     Both  he  and  his  wife  are  consistent  members  of 

*hp  TTniteil  Brethren  Church,  of  which  he  is  an  elder.  

AMOS  C  F  IT/  fence  builder.  P.  O.  Good  Hope,  is  a  native  of  this  county,  born 
in  Monroe  Township  in  1840  His  father,  Samuel  Wertz.  still  lives,  aged  eighty  years 
His  moth  r.r  Elizabeth  Fry.  died  six  years  ago.  Both  parents  were  natives  of  York 
rmintv  Penn  The  father  of  Samuel  Wertz  was  a  native  of  Baltimore,  Md  and  died  m 
York  County  Penn,  when  Samuel  was  but  six  years  old  Samuel  learned  the  trade  of 
shoe  making  and.  notwithstanding  his  advanced  age.  stall  carries  it  on  in  ^verSpnng 
Tow.  1  .1  b  s  son  Adam  doing  the  more  active  part  of  the  work.  Amos  C.  Wert* ^when 
eleven  years  old,  hired  out  on  a  farm  until  he  was  eighteen  years  of  age •  ^^n  ^  w^nt  to 
Ohio  where  he  stayed  four  years,  and  from  there  enlisted,  in  1862.  in  the  «mety  ™uriu 
Reginum  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry.  Six  weeks  later  he  was .captured  and  sen  t  to d 
Confederate  prison  at  Versailles,  Ky„  where  he  was  soon  paroled,  and  afu  e^general 
manv  hardships  made  his  way  to  Columbus.  Ohio.  He  soon  re-enlisted  in  Uic  gun  r  u 
mount  ••  vie,,  of  the  Regular  Army,  and  his  record  is  a  brilliant  one.  In  August.  I860 
he  received  his  discharge  (as  sergeant,,  and  on  the  back  of  it  the  officer  mustering  him  ont 
hL  out  a  list  of  the  battles  and  skirmishes  in  which  our  subject  took  part  numbering 
thhty  five  This  splendid  record  is  one  to  which  he  can  point  with  just  pride .He 
received  several  wounds,  but  fortunately  has  not  been  permanently  disabled,  although  he 
will  I  ways  fee  their  effects.  In  1869  *Mr.  Wertz  was  married  to  Rebecca,  daughter  of 
Wliam  Miller  of  Hampden  Township,  this  county;  they  have  no  children.  Mr  Wertz 
nas  been  school  director  and  secretary  of  the  board  for  four  years,  auditor  six year .and 
collector  two  years.  In  every  position  to  which  he  has  been  chosen  he  has  f aithful y d«- 
h  i     ink.       An  intelligent  and  upright  man,  a  brave  soldier  and  a  good  citizen, 

S^wa^tarnel5iSKihhonOTiaia  ha,  acquired  the  respect  of  all  who  know 

himGEORGE  WILT  farmer,  P.  O.  Good  Hope,  is  a  native  of  East  Pennsborough  Town- 
ship  th is  county,  as  was  also  his  father,  John  Wilt  His  grandfather  ™™.™™£™*Z 
manv  years  a-o"  Our  subject  was  born  in  1822,  and  ten  years  later  his  fathei  dad  on  the 
fir™  where  our  subject  now  resides,  to  which  he  had  removed  two  years  previously  (it 
bXngedTt  that  time  ,0  the  estate  of  George  Mann).  At  his  death  h< ,  lef -foui •children: 
pp  ".  Catherine  wife  of  Samuel  Newcomer,  of  Mechanicsbnrg;  Maiy,  \Mio  011  u  a  iew 
vears afte.  lie  '  tb  of her  lather;  and  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Christian  Die,/  After  thedeath 
of  his  f  1  ei  Geo"  e  continued  to  live  on  the  farm,  which  was  rented  to  Frederick  Muma 
"  i,   |V,     seven   Years.      About   four  years  after  her  husbands  death.  Mrs  Wilt 

ho! wht  the  fan.  1° t    n  appraised  valuation,  and  at  the  time  specified  took  charge  of  it  her- 
self     nvit     thai     o    her  son  conducted  i.  for  twenty-nine  years;  she  then  rented  the 
farm         i    her  dea  li  in  1874      George  bought  his  sister's  interest  111  the  farm,  and  became 
nw  H  never  married,  is  no  politician,  and  has  never  held  any  office  except 

^tTSloo?dfcSto?,hisrafarmof  156  a'cres  demanding  his  whole 1  time  and  attention. 
He  is  spoken  of  by  all  who  know  him  as  a  man  of  the  highest  character 


HOPEWELL  township.  is.". 


CHAPTEE  XL VIII. 
HOPEWELL  TOWNSHIP  AND  BOROUGH  OF  NEWBURG. 

Z.\(  1IAII1.VS  BASEHORE,  farmer,  P.  O.  Newburg.  Of  the  remote  ancestry  of  this 
if  the  Basehore  family  but  little  data  caD  be  obtained, but  it  is  probable  thai  they  were 
Datives  of  Lebanon  County,  I 'run.,  as  William,  the  father  of  our  subject,  came  from  that 
county.  He  was  married  in  Cumberland  County,  Penn.,  to  Susannah  Orris,  about  18S7, 
and  bad  probably  been  a  resident  here  as  early  as  1880.  By  trade  he  was  a  shoe-maker, 
and  Boon  after  marriage  settled  in  Lizertsburg,  North  Middleton  Township,  [lis  wife  was 
born  in  tlii-  county,  a  daughter  of  Christopher  and  Margaret  (Bistline)  Orris,  who  for 
many  years  were  residents  of  Cumberland  Valley.  Zacharias,  the  eldest  aon,  was  born  in 
1840,  and  later  other  children  followed,  viz.:  Isaac,  Maria,  and  one  that  died  in  infancy. 
In  1849  the  death  of  the  father  occurred,  and  in  1854  the  mother  was  laid  to  rest  in  the 
village  cemetery.  The  children  were  thus  separated— Isaac  was  taken  care  of  by  Will- 
iam l.utmaii,  of  Perry  County;  Maria  resided  with  Alexander  Gorman,  of  North  Middle- 
ton  Township,  with  whom  she  found  a  comfortable  home  until  her  marriage  with  George 
Drawbaugh,  a  member  of  one  of  the  old  families  of  this  county.  Our  subject  had  to  earn 
bis  own  Irving  from  the  age  of  nine,  lie  was  first  put  in  charge  of  an  uncle,  Christopher 
(•nis.  and  two  years  later  was  indentured  to  Jacob  B.  Hoover,  who  was  to  find  him  suit- 
able clothing  in  return  for  his  work,  and  to  give  him  a  good  freedom  suit  at  the  age  of 
fourteen.  When  our  hero  arrived  at  that  age  he  found  himself  a  lusty  lad  with  a  suit 
worth  75  cents  on  his  hack,  not  a  dollar  in  his  pocket,  but  with  the  world  before  him. 
His  first  venture  was  an  engagement  to  Jacob  Nickey  for  $6  per  month;  that  winter 
be  also  attended  school,  and  he  had  previously  managed  to  pick  tip  a  fair  education. 
From  this  date  he  received  better  wages,  and  after  his  marriage  commenced  farming  on  his 
own  account.  August  l.">.  IStitt,  he  was  wedded  to  Sarah,  daughter  of  Jacob  and  Julia 
Christlieb,  and  a  member  of  one  of  the  most  important  families  in  Mifflin  Township,  this 
copnty.    Then-  domestic  life  was  commenced  on  the  John  Aid  farm,  in  Mifflin  Township, 

and  four  years  later  Mr.  Basehore  sold  his  stock  and  engaged  in  different  lines  of  trade, 
rapidly  accumulating  money  until  Ijis  purchase  of  his  present  farm  in  1879.  The  children 
born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Basehore  are  Mina  J.,  George  B.  Mc,  Sarah  E.,  Laura  J..  John  O. 
Jacob  ('.,  Carrie  M  Elizabeth  and  William.  Mina  J.  is  the  wife  of  Daniel  Mowery,  and 
Sarah  E.  is  the  wit",  of  George  Laughlin.  The  others  still  remain  under  the  paternal 
roof.  Our  subject  is  a  self-made  made,  and  is  not  only  one  of  the  wealthy  and  influential 
men  of  the  township,  but  is  allied  to  a  family  which  for  more  than  a  century  ha-  been  of 
DOte  and  importance  in  the  business  and  political  world. 

AltAM  HEBERLIG,  tanner.  Newburg,  is  a  great-grandson  of  Rudolph  Beberlig, 
who  came  from  Switzerland  before  the  Revolutionary  war  and  settled  in  Berks  County. 
between  Reading  and  Adamstown.  Penn.  He  was  twice  married,  ami  by  the  firsl  wife  had 
four  children:  John  and  Rudy,  and  two  daughters  whose  names  are  unknown.    Of  these, 

John  was  married  in  Berks  County,  Penn.,  to  Martha  Sehoenhour.  and  had  six  sons: 
Rudy,  John,  Jacob,  Samuel.  Benjamin.  Joseph,  and  two  daughters.  Mary  and  Elizabeth. 
In  1811  the  family  immigrated  to  this  counts  and  settled  at  Glenn's  mill,  near  Newville, 
where  they  both  resided  until  their  death.  John  Beberlig,  the  father  of  our  subject,  was 
married  to  Barbara  Eailor.  December  20,  1831,  who  bore  him  four  children :  Jane  John. 
Joseph  and  Christopher.  She  died  December  11,  1837,  and  January  39,  1829,  he  was  again 
married,  this  time  to  Margaret  Failor,  asister  of  his  first  wife,  and  to  this  union  were  born 
seven  children:  Adam.  Benjamin,  Margaret.  Elizabeth,  William,  Alary  J.  and  Benjamin 
F  (the  first  son  bearing  the  name  dying  in  infancy).  John  Beberlig  purchased  814  acres 
of  land  in  Hopewell  Township,  this  county,  in  1829,  and  in  1854  he  bought  the  farm  now 
owned  by  his  gong  Adam  and  Benjamin  F. .  and  in  1864  the  farm  where  he  now  resides. 
He  has  been  noted  during  his  long  life  for  energy  and  perseverance,  ami.  perhaps,  no  man 
has  done  more  for  the  improvement  of  this  township  purchasing  tract  after  tract  of 
land,  making  substantial  improvements  ami  erecting  tine  residences  on  each.  His  second 
wife  died  December  IT.  lsiiT.  since  when  he  has  resided  with  his  daughter,  Elizabeth, 
widow  of  Benjamin  Hefflefinger.  He  was  born  February  28,  1795,  has  been  a  farmer  all 
his  life,  and  when  the  writer  called  was  shoveling  snow  with  the  ease  of  a  man  fill 
of  age  ( If  his  immediate  family  only  himself  and  one  sister.  Elizabeth  Lehman,  now  a 
widow  of  eighty-seven  years,  are  living.  Adam,  eldest  son  of  John  Heberlig  by  second 
wife,  was  born  Octobei    Hi   I  -  jh      He  was  reared  on  the  homestead  farm,  and  his  educa- 


486  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES : 

tion  was  obtained  in  the  common  schools  of  this  township  and  until  his  marriage  he  re- 
m-iinerl  with  his  father  In  1854  he  engaged  with  his  brother  Joseph  in  farming.  Apnl 
l^ist  he  was  S in  manage6  by^v.  David  Ilcfflefinger.  with  Elizabeth  daughter 
of  John  and  Jane  (Beatty)  Schulenbarger.  of  Mifflin  Township  this  county.  In  October 
of  that  year  he  brought  his  young  wife  to  the  pleasant  home  they  now  occupy,  and  here 
were  born  their  children:  Margaret  J.,  Mary  A  Martha  E  George  B.  Mc  Myra  B 
William  M  and  Annie  L.,  all  living  except  the  eldest,  who  died  Novembei  19,  1861.  Our 
subject  has  been  one  of  the  most  successful  farmers  of  his  township  He  is  known  as  a 
leader  in  polities  in  his  neighborhood.  His  well-known  business  qualifications  yearly 
recognized  by  the  people,  and.  in  1861,  he  was  elected  assessor,  and  with  but  short  inter- 
v- Us  has  been  an  official  lo  date.  In  1883  he  was  elected  director  of  the  poor  which  office 
he  still  holds.  He  has  filled  every  office  within  the  gift  of  the  people  of  his  township, 
except  three  minor  offices,  which  of  itself  is  proof  of  his  popularity.  ,in,„wo 

JOSEPH  F  HEBERLIG,  farmer.P.O.  Newburg,  is  the  second  son  of  John  and  Barbaia 
(Failor)  Heberlig;  was  born  October  12,  1825  in  the  old  stone  house  near  Glenn  s  mill  in  Mew- 
ton  Township,  this  county,  on  the  place  his  father  first  settled  at ter  ^ming  to  Cumber- 
land County.  Until  he  was  twenty-three  years  of  age  our  subject  worked  for  and  made 
his  home  with  his  father.  His  first  business  experience  for  himself  was  m  18.  .,  when  he 
farmed  the  homestead  on  shares,  and  the  next  year  in  partnership  with  his  brother  Adam. 
December  7,  1853,  he  was  united  in  marriage  with  Catharine  A.,  daughter  ot  Peter  ana 
Margaret  Myers,  of  Adams  County.  Their  married  life  was  begun  in  the  house s  which  he 
purchased  in  1858,  and  there  his  children  were  born:  John  C  ,Mar%ar«*  ^PfSff  *° 
Samuel  G.  Lehner.  December  18,  1877),  Peter  H.  (deceased)  Andrew  R.( married  Emma 
Spangler,  December  26,  1882),  Jeremiah  H.  (deceased)  and  Mary  A,  (deceased . Mr. 
Heberlig  lias  been  quite  a  prominent  man  in  the  township  from  the  beginning  ot  his ^ busi- 
ness 1  if  e°  In  recognition  of  his  capabilities  and  worth  he  has  been  •repeatedlj -elected  to 
office  and  several  terms  has  served  as  inspector,  school  director,  judge  of  election,  and 
two  terms  as  supervisor.  Asan  enterprising  agriculturist  his  farm  gives  the  best  evidence 
As  a  man  the  voice  of  his  neighbors  tell  the  story:  as  an  official  his  re-election  verifies  all 

that BENJAMIN  F    HEBERLIG,  farmer,  P.   O.  Newburg,   is  the  youngest  son  of  John 
Heberlig;  was  born  in  1844  on  the  ancestral  farm.     He  remained  with  his   father  until 
his  marriage,  in  1868,  with  Miss  Harriet  L„  daughter  of  Henry  and  Catherine  Holby,  at 
that  time  residents  of  Hopewell  Township,  this  county.     The  ashes  of  both  now  mingle 
with  the  silent  dust,  their  demise  occurring  at  the  home  of  Mr.  Heberlig.      Ihe  home  lite 
of  the  young  couple  was  begun  on  the  farm  which  is  now  their  residence,  and  which  was 
apart  of  the  third  tract  purchased  by   his  father.     Seven  children  have   blessed  their 
union    of  whom  Albert  E.    Anna  J..  Charles  P.,  John  W.  and  Bessie  May   are  living     In 
188(1  Mr   and  Mrs.  Heberlig  removed  to  Hedgesville,  W.  Va.,  remaining  there  tour  years, 
and  while  a  resident  there  Mr.  Herberlig  was  honored  by  being  elected mayor .and  since 
his  return  to  Pennsylvania  he  has  served  as  judge  of  election.     While  in  Virginia  Mr 
Heberli"  was  engaged  in  the  lumber  business,  of  which  he  made  a  success.     He  owns  and 
operates  a  saw-mill  near  his  present  residence  and  within  a  few  rods  of  the  old  site  ot  a 
mill  built  by  his  father  in  1853.     In  1869  he  purchased  his  present^ arm,  and  which  will 
probably  be  his  home  for  years.  ....  .  A   ,.  ,, 

DAVID  HEFFLEFINGER,  cooper,  Newburg.  It  can  positively  be  asserted  tD at, 
Philip* Hefflefinger  was  a  resident  of  Cumberland  County  as  early  as  1780,  and  prior  to 
coming  here,  was  a  resident  of  Lebanon  County,  Penn.,  where  he  was  married  to  Cath- 
arine Eichholtz.  He  was  a  fifer  during  the  Revolutionary  war  and  participated  in  the 
battles  fought  in  that  struggle.  It  is  stated  that  on  one  occasion  after  his  return  home  he 
asked  his  mother  to  bake  some  cakes,  such  as  soldiers  made  by  cooking  their  dough  in  the 
ashes  "  Hunger  is  the  best  cook,  my  son,"  said  his  kind  old  mother,  but  1  will  bake  you 
some '"  After  Philip  Hefflefinger  came  to  Hopewell  Township,  this  county  he  purchased  a 
farm  which  for  many  years  has  been  known  as  "Sodom,"  in  consequence  of  two  distilleries 
and  a  tannery  located  there.  On  this  farm  Philip  and  his  wife  reared  the  to  owmg  chil- 
dren- Philip,  Jacob.  Samuel,  John,  William,  David,  Thomas,  Mary,  Elizabeth  and  Cath- 
arine of  whom  William  is  the  only  one  now  living.  Thomas,  the  youngest  son,  the  fa- 
ther of  our  subject,  was  a  farmer,  but  devoted  part  of  his  time  to  getting  out  coopers  sup- 
plies and  lumber  of  all  kinds,  from  the  fine  timber  which  then  abounded  here.  He  was 
born  in  1804;  was  married  in  1827,  to  Agnes  Watson,  born  August  31,  1803,  daughter  of 
William  and  Susannah  (Weicklein)  Watson,  residents  of  Newton  Township,  where  some 
of  the  descendants  yet  reside.  Thomas  Hefflefinger  purchased  a  small  farm,  half  a  mile 
east  of  the  paternal  homestead,  and  in  1840  bought  the  Boyd  farm  in  the  same  vicinity  and 
on  this  farm  lived  until  his  death.  His  first  wife  died  in  1868,  and  January  18  18.0.  he 
wedded  Mrs.  Martha  Dougherty,  of  Roxbury,  the  ceremony  being  performed  by  Rev. 
William  Krouse.  Mrs.  Martha  Hefflefinger's  maiden  name  was  Shoemaker  and  she  was 
descended  from  old  Roxbury  ancestry.  On  the  first  farm  were  born  William.  David, 
ta  I  Alexander.  Joseph,  "john  and  a  daughter  (deceased).  On  the  Boyd  fans rwere 
born  Benjamin,  Ann  E.,  Agnes,  Sarah  J.,  Philip  (deceased)  and  Adahzillah.     The  father 


HOPEWELL  TOWNSHIP.  487 

died  in  is^  and  his  widow  in  >ssh.     Dai  - 1«  1.  our  subject.  was  born  September  5,  1829.    His 
1  was  passed  on  the  farm  and  his  education  was  gained  in  the  common  schools. 
ii    until  of  age,  and  in  1861  went  i<>  Orrstown,  Franklin  Co.,  Penn., 
med  brick  making.    In  the  autumn  ol  the  same  year  he  commenced  the 
trade  in  Green  wood.     He  was  married,  in  18.">r>,  to  Kli/.alicih  J.,  daughter  of  Cor- 
nelius and  Mary  (Mumper)  Baker,  of  I  Vm  County,  Penn.    Henry  Mumper  was  a  prominent 
distiller  and  farmer,  wagoned  on  tin-  road  and  so  on  to  Baltimore,  residing  near  German 
town.  Penn.    Of  the  ten  children  born  to  this  onion  seven  are  living:  Mary  E.  A.,  Sarah 
A.,  William  A..  Annie  L.,  John  C.,  Thomas  M.,  and  Elice  E.     Frank  EL,  an  infant  and 
David  i\.  are  deceased.     Mary  E   A.  is  the  wife  of  George  H.  McCoy;  Sarah  A.  wedded 
Jacob  A.   Burkholder,  and  William  A.  married  Emma  Clippinger.     in   1856  our  subject 
established  a  shop  in  Mifflin  Township,  this  county,  and  also  mad.-  bricks  al  the  Bame 
time  in  Perry,  Franklin  ami  Cumberland  Counties,     In  I860  he  came  to  Newburg,  and  has 
continued  brick  making  and  coopering  in  the  village  to  dale.     In  all  his  undertakings  he 
has  bet  a  successful  and  has  accumulated  a  competence. 

JOHN  HEN8EL,  retired.  Newburg,  was  born  July  88,  1821,  in  this  county,  on  a  farm 
(now  his  property  I  which  has  been  in  possession  of  the  Sense!  famih  for  sixty-seven  years. 
Christian  Hensel,  his  father,  was  born  January  15,  1794,  and  came  from  Saxony,  set- 
tled there  in  1816,  and  Was  married  iu  1830  to  'Mary  Shoemaker,  horn  .March  17.  1785, 
He  had  nothing  when  he  came  to  this  county;  was  a  baker  in  Saxony  ami  learned  to  still 
in  America,  ami  before  his  marriage  had  saved  |200,  which  he  invested  in  200  acres  of 
land  He  built  a  distillery  on  the  farm  and  for  many  years  worked  at  his  trade.  John, 
his  eldest  son,  relates  thai  when  a  small  boy  he  attended  the  still  sometimes  during  the 
•  us,  and  although  a  man  sixty-five  years  of  age  has  never  tasted  a  drop  of  liquor, 
has  Oi  -.  Br  used  tobacco,  and  has  never  sworn  an  oath  in  his  life.  The  land  was  vcr\  poor 
at  that  time,  1ml  it  has  been  brought  up  to  a  high  State  of  cultivation  and  now  brings 
large  return-  To  Christian  llensel  and  his  wife  were  born  three  children,  of  Whom  John, 
born  iu  1881,  and  Elizabeth,  born  in  1823,  reached  adult  age.  The  mother  died  in  1851 
and  the  father  in  1867.  John  llensel  was  one  of  the  few  children  anxious  for  the  welfare 
of  their  parents,  and  remained  with  his  father  until  he  died,  and  was  forty-five  years  of 
ii  brating  his  marriage.  October  22,  1874,  with  Sophia  Nicholas,  who  secured 
id  noted  alike  for  his  honesty  and  kindness.  This  union  has  been  blessed  with 
two  sons:  Charles  C.  and  John  H. ;  the  former  bom  October  4,  1875,  and  the  latter  April 
88  1879.  Mrs.  Hensel  is  thirty  eight  years  of  age.  and  perhaps  no  better  mated  couple  can 
be  found  iu  the  township.  She  was  a  daughter  of  Charles  Nicholas,  who  is  now  in  the 
West.  John  Hensel  succeeded  to  his  father's  estate,  to  which  he  has  added  by  good  ina.n- 
I'lii  I  Iensels  have  ever  been  noted  for  their  liberality,  and  many  poor  people  of 
Hopewell  have  cause  to  remember  their  many  acts  of  kindness. 

HENRY  HURSH,  hotel  proprietor,  Newburg.  Henry  Hursh,  grandfather  of  our 
subject,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  143  years  ago,  and  from  the  most  authentic  informa- 
tion to  be  obtained  was  a  resident,  from  the  time  of  his  birth,  of  Fairview  Township,  York 
County.  Hi-  father  had  three  children:  Abraham.  Henry  and  Susan,  each  of  whom 
inherited  large  farm-,  in  that  neighborhood.  Henry  was  married  as  early  as  1793,  but  to 
whom  can  not  08  learned,  and  three  children  were  born:  John,  Joseph  and  Henry.  Of 
these,  John,  the  eldest,  was  born  iu  1794;  married  Barbara  Brookart  about  1817,  and  com- 
menced married  life  mi  a  part  of  the  grandfather's  homestead,  to  which  was  added,  by  sub- 
sequent purchase,  the  Aslen  farm;  and  on  this  land  were  horn  nine  children ;  Henry,  our 
subject;  John,  married  to  Sarah  Livingston;  Joseph,  married  to —  Hogati;  Abraham. 
married  to— Frank;  Elizabeth,  widow  of  George  Hupp,  and  David,  married  to — Hale, 
■M  residents  of  Cumberland  County.  The  deceased  are  Daniel,  Susan  and  Mary.  Our 
subject  was  horn  May  17,  1SI9,  and  remained  with  his  father  until  his  marriage,  in  1841, 
daughter  ol  Henry  Deitz,  of  York  County,  Penn.  His  father  owned  a 
distillery,  which  Henry  managed  from  the  time  he  was  old"  enough  to  attend  to  the  busi- 
ncs-  until  after  hi-  marriage,  w  hen  he  tried  farming  on  his  own  account.  In  1843  he  and 
hi-  brother  purchased  the  farm  now  owned  by  the  Westhafer heirs.  Farming  was  too 
dull  for  Henry  Hursh,  however,  and  lie  erected  on  this  farm  a  hotel,  which  was  known  as 
the  "Bulls  Head,"  and  was  a  great  resorl  lor  cattle  drovers,  then  very  numerous  in  this 
county;  he  was  a  popular  landlord,  and  made  money  in  the  business.      In    1852  he  left   the 

"Bulls Head,"  and  became  proprietor  of  the  "  Big  Springs  Hotel,"  where  he  established  a 
fine  reputation  tor  the  hostelry.    This  place  had  been  a  losing  investment  for  its  former 

proprietor-,  but  the  cordiality  and  good  business  qualifications  of  the  new  host  brought  its 

usual  reward,  and  he  reaped  a  golden  harvest.  He  also  engaged  in  the  stock  business 
about  the  year  1855,  with  Col.  Gracj  and  John  Brown  as  partner-.  Later  he  purchased 
the  "  Black  Horse"  hotel  in  Shippensburg,  which  he  conducted  for  a  number  of  years, 
and  then  engaged  in  selling  farming  implements  and  cattle.    Nothing  proved  so  congenial 

to  him,  however,  as  hotel  life,  and  again  In-  took  po--e--i.ni  of  the  "  Big  Spring  Hotel," 
and  later  the  "Union  Hotel."  in  Shippensburg.  The  oext  yeai  hi  n  ed  in  the  whole- 
sale and  retail  liquor  business,  in  which  he  continued  till  the  local  option  law  was  passed, 
when  he  removed  to  Hagerstown,  Md.     After  the  repeal  of  that  law  he  returned  to  Ship- 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 


pensburg,  where  he  carried  on   the  same  business  two  years  more.    Again  the  hotel 
business   was   an   inducement  to  him,  and  for  the  third  time he  became proprietor ;  of  the 
"  Big  Spring  Hotel;"  and  after  his  two  years'  lease  had  expired  he  took  charge  of  a  new 
hote'f  at  Shippensburg,  Perm.,   and  three  years  later  he  took  charge  of  the     Exchange, 
at  Newburg  .and  he  has  lost  none  of  his  popularity  as  caterer  to  the  tastes  of.  the  public. 
Three  children  were  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hursh:    Adaline  (deceased),  Daniel  and  Ann, 
who  is  housekeeper  for  her  father.  _;».,«._- 

FREDER1CK  B.  LEBERKNIGHT,    physician,  Newburg     The  great-grandfather, 
Leberknight   came  from   Germany,  his  son,   Frederick,  resided  in     Light ersburg.  Md., 
and  w  the  father  of  seven  children,  of  whom  Daniel  (the  father  of  our  subject)  was  by 
tnule  a  weaver,  an  occupation  he  followed  in  the  village  of  Green  Castle  for  forty  years. 
He  was  sober  and  industrious,  and  was  not   married  until  the  age  of  forty   when  he  won 
the  affections  of  Mrs.  Susan  (Kuhn)  Reymer,  a  widow,  and  at  that  time :the   moOorf 
seven  children.     To  this  union  were  born   the  following  children:  Daniel  C.-  Frederick 
B..  John   and  Adam.     John   died  when  twenty  years  of  age      The  father  concluded  to 
rear  his  large  family  on  a  farm,   and.   after  a  few  moves,  settled  on  Lhe  ttdson  faim,  at 
Back  Creek  on  the  Loudon  road.  Franklin  County,  Penn  .  and  there  all  were  taught  to  work 
and  were  given  a  practical  education  at  the  common  schools.     The  mother  of  these  chil- 
dren died  in  1854.  ami  Mr.  Leberknight  married  Mrs.  Elizabeth ;  Holland  who  had  at  that 
time  one  son— Koser.     The  fruit  of  this  union  was  James  G.,  Maggie.  Martha.  Sarah,  and 
S™an     In  this  large  family,  comprising  four  sets  of  children,  the  utmost  ha^ony  pre- 
vailed.    The    last   wife   died  in   1885,  and  the    aged   father  is  still   living  at  C  heese town 
eighty-one  years  old.     Of  the   four   sons  by  the   first   marriage,  three  were   graduates  of 
Jefferson  Medical  College,  of  Philadelphia,  Peon  ;  Adam  K,    is   practicing   atOmlown, 
Penn.  .Daniel,  at  Lemaster's,  Franklin  County ;  and  Frederick  B.,  at .Newburg.  Oursubject, 
nrior  to  his  uraduatiou   taught  school,  and  afterward  studied  medicine  with  Drs  Ki<  hards 
^Montgomery    of Chamh^sburg.     He  entered  Jefferson  College  in  1871.  and  after  taking 
two  full  courses,  went  to  Lathrop.  Mo.,  where  he  practiced  one  year.     Returning  in  1S73. 
he  completed  his  course  and  graduated  with   honor.     He   then  located  in  Newburg.  this 
township.     In  1874  he  was  married  to  Sarah,  daughter  of  Andrew  and  Charlotte  A-  Elder 
of  Chauibersburg.  Penn.     After  a   four  years'  practice  at  Newburg  he  went  to  Bellevue 
Hospital  Medical  College.  New  York,  and  graduated  there  in  1879.   Since  that  datejusprac- 
tice  has  been  an  uninterrupted  one  in  this  village.     The  Doctor  and  his  wife  HavehadfrffO 
children :  Bessie,  born  six  years  after  their  marriage,  died  six  weeks  after  birth,  and  Vernon 
B     born  in  1882.     The  D6ctor  was  the  preceptor  of   all   his  brothers,  and   in   connection 
with  his  fine  literary  attainments,  is  a  graduate  of  two  of  the  best  Eastern  medical  col- 
leges     His  popularity  is  only  equaled  by  his  success  as  a  physician.  ......      -, 

JOSEPH  MoEl/WAIN,  retired,  P.  O.  Newburg.  The  remote  ancestry  of  this  family 
in  this  country  dates  back  much  more  than  a  century,  for  Ebenezer  (father  of  subject) 
was  born  to  Joseph  McElwain.  near  Eckhard's  mill,  about  1717.  His  parents  had  resided 
in  this  country  prior  to  that  date.  Although  the  territory  on  this  side  of  C°nodogumet 
Creek  then  be'louged  to  the  Indians,  a  number  of  whites  were  living  on  it.  and  sometimes 
when  a  quarrel  would  arise  the  settlers  would  fly  for  safety  across  the  creek,  which  waa 
considered  the  boundary  line.  A  building  was  burned  near  the  residence  of  the  McElw  .tins 
about  1720,  and  the  occupants  (Mr.  White  and  family)  were  all  murdered,  except  a  little 
rt.ild.who  was  rescued.  Jean,  a  daughter,  was  born  in  1802  (to  Joseph  McEhvain ,  1  owed 
by  Marv.  Joseph.  Andrew,  William.  Elizabeth  and  Ebenezer.  Ebenezer  McElwain  was 
married',  September  24,  1801,  to  Elizabeth  Crow  and  after  their  marriage  they  settled 
near  "  Three  Square  Hollow,"  and  there  their  children  were  born  Our ^subject learned 
the  trade  of  miller,  and  for  many  years  operated  a  saw  and  grist  mill  erected  by  his  fattier 
in  an  early  day.  He  was  married,  in  May.  1848,  to  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  James  and 
Elizabeth  Cook,  of  Perry  County.  Penn.  This  union  has  been  blessed  with  nine  childremsix 
Hving:  Sarah  J.,  wife  of  John  Mowery;  Amanda,  wife  of  Thomas  Diven;  Margaret,  wife 
of  Ira  Fylar;  Mary,  wife  of  Allen  Kuhn;  Joseph  A.  and  Laura  B.  All  were  born  on  the 
homestead,  near  the  mill,  where  so  many  of  their  name  have  been  born  and  reared.  Jo- 
seph McElwain  has  always  been  an  exceptionally  prosperous  man.  and  during  the  y ears 
soent  in  the  Hollow  amassed  a  nice  competency.  In  187o  he  disposed  of  the  mill  and  pur- 
chased the  fine  farm  on  which  he  now  resides.  The  log  house  was  erected  more  than  a 
century  ago  but  it  contains  a  family  who  have  long  been  noted  as  among  the  best  in  the 
land.     Four  generations  have  been  born  in  Cumberland  County  bearing  the  name  of  Mc- 

WTNFIELD  SCOTT  McGAW.  liveryman,  Newburg.  was  born  in  the  family  home- 
stead in  Mifflin  Township,  this  county.  October  13,  1837  son  of  Samuel  and  Elizabeth 
McGaw  His  father  was.  undoubtedly,  the  most  popular  man  ot  his  day,  in  Mifflin 
Township  and  was  elected  county  commissioner  by  an  immense  majority,  and  at  the 
expiration  of  his  term  (so  well  were  his  duties  discharged)  Ins  constltu*n\\wX™r?atic 
unit  in  favor  of  his  re-election.  It  had  been  an  axiom,  however,  with  the  Domocrgw 
party  that  a  man  should  only  serve  in  tins  position  one  official  term,  and  the  diss  a  ac 
tion  ensuing  by  putting  forth  another  candidate  caused  a  disruption  of  the  party  w  Inch 


HOPEWELL  TOWNSHIP.  -489 

healed   for  many  years.     Finely  educated,  possess,.,!  of  a  brilliant  mind  and 

i   honesty,  Samuel  Mc<  law  was  intrusted  with  the  settlemenl  of  more  estates 

I  other  man  iii  the  history  of  liis  township.     In  fact  he  allowed  his  own  business 

to  suffer  in  consequence  of  bis  faithfulness  to  the  interests  of  others.     Too  much  ran  not 

.,,  bis  praise,  or  In  that  of  his  son  George,  who,  as  mentioned  elsewhere,  was  a 

Jdier.and  enacted  the  story  of  Damon  ana  Pythias,  for,  in  attempting  to  make  the 

nents  of  a  dying  soldier  (David  Carl)  comfortable,  be  was  taken  prisoner,  when  by 

leai  ing  him  to  die  alone  he  could  easily  have  escaped,  but  true  to  the  tow  they  had  made 

other  in  fore  leaving  home,  bis  life  paid  the  forfeit,  for  he  starved  to  death  in 

Libby  Prison,  leaving  a  record  of  honor  and  courage.    Our  subject  was  educated  in  the 

public  BChools.and  remained  with  his  father  until  the  spring  of  1861,  when  be  took  a 

lengthy  trip  through  the  Western  States     Returning  in  the  autumn  of  the  same  year,  he 

made  arrangements   for  commencing  business.     February  18,   1862,  he  was  married  to 

Sadie  A .,  daughter  of  Samuel  and  Barbara  (Bear)  Stevick,  of  thlscounty.    Their  married 

life  was  commenced  on  the  J.  V.  Bowman  farm,  in  Whisky  Run  District,    To  this  union 

have  been  born  six  children:  David  8.,  Minnie  B..  Frank  L.,  Joseph  C.,  Mable  G.  (living) 

and   Thomas  lv  (deceased).     Our  subject  continued   agricultural   pursuits,  in    Mifflin   and 

West  Pennsborough  Townships,  until  1878,  when  be  removed  to  the  pleasant  village  of 

Newburg,  and  foreighl  consecutive  years  carried  the  United  States  mail  from  Newburg 
to  Newville,  since  which  time  he  has  had  the  passenger  ionic  between  Newburg  and 
Shippensburg.  Se  is  the  only  liveryman  in  Newburg',  and  is  as  full  of  enterprise  as  were 
his  ancestors  in  the  early  days  of  this  county's  history.  Perhaps  no  sketch  will  give 
greater  interest  to  this  section  of  the  county  than  that  of  the  McGaw  family,  who,  from 
flrsl  to  last,  have  been  among  the  most  honorable  and  enterprising  men. 

JOHN  and  SAMUEL  II.  MITCHELL,  farmers,  Newburg.  John  Mitchell,  the 
grandfather,  came  from  County  Antrim,  Ireland,  about  1760,  and  settled  on  the  farm, 
now  the  property  of  our  subjects.  At  that  time  the  lands  in  this  neighborhood  were 
nearly  all  subjeel  to  pre-emption,  and  he  received  a  warrant  for  about  300  acres.  At  that 
date  iiis  uncle',  Samuel  Mitchell,  resided  on  the  tract  now  owned  by  Joseph  Heberlig.  but 
just  when  Samuel  Mitchell  came  to  this  countrycannot.be  ascertained.  John  Mitchell 
was  married,  after  locating  his  land,  to  Miss  Mary  Irwin,  about  1773.  The  young  couple 
went  to  work  with  a  will,  and  ere  long  a  log  house  and  log  barn  were  erected,  both  of 
which  are  yel  standing,  in  a  good  state  of  preservation,  and  in  the  barn  loft  is  still  hay 
and  Btraw  which  were  placed  there  before  the  Revolutionary  war.  The  historian  learns  of 
no  buildings  antedating  them  in  the  county  that  are  still  serviceable.  The  land  was  then 
in  its  primitive  state,  but  with  combined  energy  and  muscle  John  Mitchell  soon  had  a  few 
acres  cleared  and  ready  for  the  plow.  With  prosperity  came  also  a  number  of  children 
|i  n  their  home  in  the  wilderness-.  Margaret,  William,  Mary.  Martha,  Jennette  and 
ill.  Through  his  wife  (Mary  Irwin)  John  Mitchell  acquired  quite  a  considerable 
fortune,  as  the  Irwins  were  a  wealthy  and  noted  family  of  Scotch  origin,  who  resided 
near  Middle  Springs,  Franklin  (then  known  as  Lancaster)  County.  Of  John  Mitchell's 
children  the  only  son,  William  (father  of  our  subjects),  was  born  September  2,  1777.  He 
was  reared  and  educated  under  the  old  roof  tree.  During  his  younger  days  he  was  a 
lieutenant  in  the  militia  formed  to  protect  the  Slate  ami  county  from  invaders;  n  was 
one  of  the  most  lithe  and  active  men  of  his  times,  and  enjoyed  a  great  reputation  as  a 
runner,  and  he  was  as  fearless  as  he  was  fleet.  Be  was  married,  about.  1817,  to  l.i'ly 
McX  nil'  being  at  that  time  about  forty  years  of  age.  Her  death  occurred  as  early  as  1819, 
and  in  1822  he  was  married  to  Mary  Hanna.  The  death  of  John  Mitchell  occurred  prior 
to  the-,,  ond  marriage  of  his  son.  his  widow  having  preceded  luni  a  number  of  years. 
William  Mitchell  pi!'  ter's  interest  in  their  father's  estate,  and  with  his  last 

hi  a  happy  domestic  life  under  the  roof  Which  had  sheltered  the  family  so  many 
year-  Aside  from  his  home  duties  William  was  quite  a  noted  politician  and  swayed  a 
power  in  his  neighborhood,  and  he  was  courted  alike  by  Democratic  and  Republican 
friends,  for  a-  "  Billy  "  voted  BO  voted  a  majority  of  his  neighbors,  and  numerous  candi- 
dates for  office  owed  their  election  to  his  earnest  support.  Of  the  children  horn  to  this 
in  six  are  deceased  and  five  living:  Elsie  J.,  widow  of  John  Gilmnre;  John;  Mary; 
Samuel;  Elizabeth,  wife  of  John  Swart/.  Samuel  was  married,  iii  1866,  to  Margaret, 
i  lizabetfa  Wingert,  and  on  the  ancestral  farm  their  married  life 

need,  and  there  were  born  their  children :    Minerva  J.,  Elizabeth  M  ,   Annie  M,  and 

W.  (the  latter  was  born  in  September,  1877,  and  bis  grandfather,  William  Mitchell, 
in  whose  honor  he  was  named,  in  September,  1777).  John  and  Mary  Mitchell  have  never 
married,  and  make  their  home  win,  their  brother  Samuel  and  his  pleasant  family,  who 
revere  the  spot  ".],,  r,  lor  more  than  a  century  the  family  have  lived  and  where  their 
fat  1 1'  :  h,  r  died 

ANDREW  MOWERY,  farmer,  P.  0.  Newburg.  was  born  in  1829.  His  grandfather, 
Andrew  Mowery,  i  ame  from  Germany,  and  settled  more  than  a  centurj  ago  al  the  fool  of 
the  North  Mountain,  where  Philip  Miller  now  owns  land.     Prior  to  coming  to  this  county 

i  ,1  in  York  County,  and  there  was  married  to  Kath  ina  ISauder.  He  was  a  wid- 
ower at  this  time,  and  by  his  first  wife  had  three  sons:    Michael,  John  and  Peter;  the  lat- 


490  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

ter  who  was  a  soldier,  was  killed  in  the  war  of  1813.  His  second  wife  bore  him  the  fol- 
lowing named  children:  Andrew,  Jacob,  Adam,  Solomon,  Elizabeth,  Magdalena  and 
Catharine  By  trade  Andrew  Mowery  was  a  shoe-maker,  and  many  a  pair  of  shoes  did  he 
make  for  the  Indians.  At  the  time  he  was  living  in  York  County  the  Indians  became 
very  troublesome,  and  killed  a  number  of  white  settlers,  among  whom  were  several  women 
and  children.  Andrew  Mowery  was  one  of  a  party  of  whites  who  undertook  to  punish 
the  murderers  made  a  raid  into  an  Indian  camp  and  killed  a  number  of  savages.  He  died 
in  1806  and  his  widow  in  1826.  Solomon  Mowery,  the  father  of  our  subject,  was  married 
to  Catharine  Carper  in  1813,  and  commenced  domestic  life  in  Hopewell  Township,  where 
his  half-brother  Michael  had  a  distillery.  He  was  employed  at  this  business  for  a  num- 
ber of  vears  To  Solomon  Mowery  and  wife  were  born  these  children:  Mary,  John, 
Elizabeth  Adam,  Sarah,  Margaret,  Catharine,  Andrew,  Samuel  C.  David  C. ;  the  first 
death  in  the  family  being  that  of  John  in  1885.  The  father  died  in  1870,  and  the  mother 
in  1871  Our  subject  worked  for  his  father  until  twenty-three  years  of  age,  then  rented 
the  farm  where  he  now  resides,  and  a  year  later  moved  to  a  farm  near  Newburg.  In  18o9 
he  purchased  the  farm  on  which  his  first  money  was  earned  after  he  began  business.  Un- 
til 1875  his  sister  Mary  was  his  housekeeper.  June  14,  1875,  he  was  united  in  marriage 
with  Annie  M.  C.  Dunlap,  of  Mifflin  Township,  this  county.  Her  parents,  James  and 
Elizabeth  (High)  Dunlap,  were  married  in  Cumberland  County  in  1852,  and  still  reside  in 
Mifflin  Township.  To  this  union  were  born  David  E.,  James  P.,  Harry  E.  M.  and  John 
C  In  1858  Andrew  Mowery  was  elected  supervisor,  and  he  has  also  served  as  an  official 
of  the  public  schools.  His  acts,  both  in  public  and  private,  have  been  heartily  indorsed 
by  those  who  know  him.  His  aged  sister,  Mary,  makes  her  home  with  the  family,  and 
she  surely  could  not  find  one  more  suited  to  her  domestic  tastes.  _ 

SAMUEL  DALLAS  MOWREY,  justice  of  the  peace.  Newburg.  The  original  Mowrey 
in  this  county,  came  from  Berks  County,  Penn.,  and  settled  in  Hopewell  Township,  near 
the  foot  of  the  Blue  Ridge  Mountains;  his  name  is  supposed  to  have  been  Andrew,  and 
his  youngest  son,  Adam,  was  the  grandfather  of  our  subject.  Adam  Mowrey  was  reared 
and  received  his  education  in  this  township.  He  enlisted  in  the  war  of  1812,  under  Col. 
Fenton  the  regiment  being  armed  with  rifle,  scalping  knife  and  tomahawk,  anil  adopted 
nearly  the  same  tactics  employed  by  the  Indians.  He  was  in  several  noted  battles:  *ort 
Niagara  Chippewa,  Lundy 's  Lane  and  Fort  Erie.  After  the  war  was  over  Adam  Mowrey 
returned  here,  and  was  soon  afterward  married  to  Mary  Horting,  of  Berks  County,  Fenn. 
He  brought  his  young  bride  to  Hopewell  Township,  this  county,  and  remained  here  dur- 
ing the  balance  of  his  life.  Three  children  were  born  and  reared  here:  David  Christian 
and  Lavinia,  wife  of  Mr.  Givler.  Christian  was  accidentally  killed  in  a  gold  mine  m 
California  in  1854.  David  married  and  reared  a  family  in  his  native  place.  Adam  Mow- 
rey was  twice  married;  on  second  occasion  to  Mary  Finkenbinder.  He  died  in  -)anuarY. 
1874  and  his  widow  in  1882.  Samuel  D.  was  born  in  Newburg,  this  county,  in  1819,  ana 
was 'reared  and  educated  by  his  grandparents.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  he  enlisted  in  Capt. 
Lambert's  company  of  Independent  Scouts,  in  the  100-days'  service,  and  after  his  return 
learned  the  harness  trade,  but  later  engaged  in  teaching  school  in  Newburg  and  adjoining 
townships  Abandoning  the  profession,  in  1879,  he  was  elected  justice  of  the  peace,  and 
re-elected  in  the  spring  of  1884.  November  27,  1879,  he  established  a  weekly  publication, 
known  as  The  Telephone,  and  until  January  1,  1884.  was  editor  and  proprietor,  lhen 
purchased  the  business,  and  continues  its  publication.  Mr.  Mowrey  has  mastered 
the  science  of  civil  engineering,  which  might  now  be  appropriately  termed  his  busi- 
ness For  three  years  he  was  in  the  employ  of  the  South  Pennsylvania  Railroad  as 
assistant  "right  of  way"  agent  of  the  second,  third  and  fourth  divisions,  and  his  held  of 
operation  wal  from  Newvil'Ie  to  the  Allegheny  Tunnel.  In  1869  he  married  Melissa  Jane 
daughter  of  J.  A.  and  Elizabeth  Rea,  of  Cumberland  County.  Three  children  have  olessed 
this  union-  Archie  B.,  Carrie  E.  and  Moss  M.  In  a  home  made  bright  with  books,  music, 
and  surrounded  by  the  comforts  which  come  to  the  energetic  business  man,  and  under  the 
care  of  highly  educated  parents,  these  children  will  surely  do  honor  to  the  family  name 
which  for  so  many  years  has  been  well  known  and  honored,  among  the  old  families  ot 
Hopewell  Township.  ,  .     _,,    ,  ,       a 

FERDINAND  REINHARDT,  tanner,  Newburg,  was  born  in  Strehla,  Saxony,  in 
1826  and  is  the  only  one  of  the  family  bearing  the  name  residing  in  the  country.  He 
emigrated  from  Hamburg  to  America  in  1854,  coming  in, a  sailing  vessel.  He  had  served 
eight  years  as  a  soldier,  and  one  year  was  yet  due  the  crown,  but  he  was  allowed  to  depart 
unmolested  His  father  was  a  tanner,  and  taught  his  son  the  business,  lhe  children  ot 
that  country  are  obliged  to  attend  school  eight  years,  consequently  he  obtained  a  compar- 
atively good  education  prior  to  learning  his  trade.  The  father  of  our  subject,  John  Gott- 
fried Reinhardt,  was  first  married  to  Christiana  S.  Pfitzer,  of  Strehla,  and  ot  the  children 
born  to  this  union,  Christiana,  now  the  widow  of  Ernst  Schuettze,  resides  with  her  brother, 
coming  from  Saxony  in  1876  (her  husband  for  nearly  fifty  years  was  a  school  teacher  in  (.-.er- 
manv)  The  first  wife  of  John  Reinhardt  died  in  1823,  and  the  next  year  he  wedded  Chris- 
tiana 8.  Hensel.  by  whom  he  had  six  children:  Harriets.,  Ferdinand  C,  Amelia  Augusta 
Ernst  E   and  Wilhelmina,  all  of  whom  came  to  Cumberland  County,  Penn.     ierdinand. 


HOPEWELL  TOWNSHIP.  I'M 

landed  in  New  York  City  April  14,  1854,  and  bis  uncle,  Christian  Hensel,  residing  near 
Nowburg,  procured  him  a  situation  in  the  tannery  al  lhal  Tillage,  and  in  April.  1856,  in 
partnership  witli  his  brother  Edward,  leased  the  tannery  and  embarked  in  business  for 
themselves  In  1859  they  purchased  the  tannery  where  our  subject  now  does  business. 
lnis;i  the  death  of  Edward  occurred,  and  Ferdinand  secured  his  interest.  In  1873  our 
to  M:ir\  .1  .  youngest  daughter  of  John  Heberlig.  They  have  three 
children:  Minnie  s  .  John  E.  and  Mary  L..  a  bright  and  inl  nesting  trio.  The  business  of 
Mr.  Reinhardt  bas  been  a  prosperous  our  during  his  residence  in  America,  for  he  had  nol 
a  dollar  in  his  pockel  when  he  landed  at  Newburg.  His  well  known  business  qualifica- 
tions and  unswerving  integrity  have  made  him  a  man  of  mark  in  the  community. 

QE(  >RGE  II.  RUSSELL  editor, merchant,  farmi ir .inventor  and  author,  Newburg,  Penn. 
i  April  27,  1835,  at  Laughlinstown,  Westmoreland  Co.  Penn  His  father,  Dr.  Alex- 
ander 11.  Russell,  was  a  distinguished  physician  of  Westmoreland  and  Cumberland  Coun- 
ties. On  his  father's  aide  his  ancestry  was  Irish,  and  on  his  mother's  it  was  German. 
Our  subject's  education  was  not  higher  than  that  obtained  al  an  academy.  While  going 
to  a  select  school  in  Newville,  taught  by  John  Kilbourn;  the  scholars  played  a  trick  on 
their  teacher  with  his  |  Russell's)  dog.  The  teacher  took  I  he  school  to  an  account  about  it; 
and  thej  all  denied  it  except  "the  boy,"  G.  II.  Russell,  and  instead  of  a  whipping  he  got  a 
Washington  monument;  printed  in  acrostic  form  of  letters,  to  commemorate  him  as  a  sec- 
ond Washington  for  truthfulness.  The  acrostic  was  copyrighted.  In  IS">7.  1S.~>S  and  1S59 
Mr.  Russell  engaged  in  the  ice  trade  in  Baltimore.  While  in  this  business  he  was  the  first 
man  in  the  United  States  to  introduce  the  "new  idea"  of  delivering  ice  on  Saturday  even 

ing  for  use  over  Sunday.  The  idea  became  popular,  and  was  adopted  in  oilier  cities  and 
towns.  In  the  year  f860  he  removed  to  Cumberland  County,  and  engaged  at  country 
itHuntsdale,  and  subsequently  in  farming  at  North  Newton.  While  en- 
gaged in  farming  in  the  year  of  1871,  he  called  several  meetings  of  the  fanners  at  Oak- 
ville.  and  lectured  upon  the  necessity  of  farmers  organizing  against  the  encroachments  of 
monopolies  and  middlemen.  These  advanced  ideas  were  printed  in  Tfa  Enterprise,  pub- 
lished at  Oakville,  and  reprinted  in  other  papers.  It  is  alleged  by  some  that  these  ideas 
took  shape  and  action  in  the  organization  of  the  Grange,  or  Patrons  of  Husbandry.  In 
is;:,  Mr   Russell  engaged  in  tanning  leather  at  Newburg.     In  1882  he  called  the  attention 

raft,  through  their  trade  organ,  the  8.  and  L.  Reporter,  to  a  new  method  in  leach 
ing  and  steaming  bark;  upsetting  old  theories  and  producing  great  savings.  These  ideas 
were  hooted  at,  but  subsequent  tests  proved  Mr.  Russell  to  be  correct;  and  some  of  the 
leading  factories  adopted  his  plans;  which  will  no  doubtbecome  universal.  Mr.  Russell's 
political  views  were  reformatory  and  independent,  and  of  the  common  sense  kind.  Not 
a  communist— he  took  sides  for'labor,  and  was  identified  with  the  Greenback  Labor  Party 
from  its  first  inception,  and  was  always  a  member  of  its  State  Committee.  In  IN.r>9  be  in- 
vented and  patented  a  Are  place  heater,  among  the  first  of  its  class.  He  subsequently 
Obtained  patents  for  a  fruit  can,  a  washer;  and  stove  drum.  In  1884  he  became  the  editor 
and  proprietor  of  the  Newburg  Telephone,  and  became  noted  as  a  writer  of  force  and  wit. 

be  Wrote  his  new  discoveries  in  physiology  On  the  "Functions  of  the  Spleen."  In 
1883  be  wrote  his  new  discoveries  in  physiology  on  the  "Ductless  Organs  and  Their  Func- 
tions." In  these  works  he  claims  to  have  discovered  the  functions  of  these  organs,  which 
had  previously  been  unknown.  lie  claims,  as  his  discovery;  that  the  functions  of  these 
organs  arc  to  regulate  the  circulation  of  the  blood;  and  that  they  are  the  cause  of  SUS 
pended  animation  of  life;  and  that  they  act  as  a  positive  and  negative  for  the  purpose  oi 
electrifying  the  blood,  producing  human  electricity;  besides  many  other  idejjs  that  are 
new  in  physiology.  Colleges,  physicians  and  schools  of  medicine  have  received  these 
ideas  and  tlieorie-  in  astonishment;  and  while  none  have  yet  been  able  to  controvert  them, 
Borne  have  admitted  to  him  that  pathological  tests  and  observation  proves  his  theory  tube 
true:  and  that  they  must  stand  until  proven  false.  He  says  he  desires  to  be  the  "chosen 
vessel,"  to  make  these  discoveries  for  the  use  id'  mankind,  and  esteems  them  to  be  "the 
crown."  the  glory  and  the  honor  of  his  life!  In  a  later  work  on  physiology  he  e  plain 
the  cause  of  fever  heat,  which  had  previously  been  unknown.     He  takes  a  deep  interest 

in  Common  and  Sunday-schools.  In  religion  be  holds  that  those  Christians  who  settle 
disputes  I'',  fighting  are  frauds,  and  that  baptism,  as  taught  by  most  churches,  is  idol- 
atrous 

ENOCH  STAYER,   wagon  maker,   Newburg.     John  Slaver,   the  grandfather  - 
subject,  emigrated   from    Germany  as   early  as   17!t5,  in    company   with    two   brothers,  and 

all  settled  in  Lancaster  County,  Penn.    One  was  a  minister,   another  a  lawyer,  and  the 

third.  John,  was  a  farmer.  lb  was  married  probably  8  few  years  after  his  arrival,  for  bis 
son  John  was  born  in  1797  and  Samuel  in  1799,  following  whom  came  Solomon,  Emanuel 
and  two  others.  Of  these,  Samuel  married  Elizabeth  Rudy,  in  1821,  by  whom  he  bad  ten 
children:  Matilda.  Lydia,  Sophia.  Lucy.  Nancy,  Fanny,  Rudy,  Enoch,  Samuel  and  John. 
all  of  whom  were  born  and  reared  in  Lancaster  County.  Penn.  In  1841,  Samuel  Staver 
sold  his  farm  and  came  with  the  most  of  his  family  to  Cumberland  County,  -rilling  near 
the  line  of  Franklin  County,  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  Andrew  Gross.  Later  he  dis- 
posed of  that  tract  and  moved  to  Newburg,  remaining  there  until  his  death  in  1882,  his 


492  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

wife  preceding  him  four  years.  Enoch,  son  of  Samuel  Staver,  was  born  in  1831;  learned 
the  wheelwright's  trade  in  Orrstown,  Penn..  with  Solomon  Bashore,  commencing  in  1847. 
He  was  married  to  Susannah,  daughter  of  Adam  Hamshoer,  of  Franklin  County.  Their 
married  life  was  commenced  in  the  village  of  Newburg.  and  continues  to  this  date  in  the 
same  social  manner  as  when  their  troth  was  plighted.  They  have  had  six  children :  Alonzo, 
James  Harvey,  Cora  and  Charles  are  living,  and  Mary  died  m  childhood.  Alonzo  mar- 
ried Bertie  Baucher,  James  married  Fanny  Glosser.  Harvey  married  Sallie  Lautsabaugh. 
For  thirty-three  years  Mr.  Staver  has  been  a  coach  and  wagon-maker  in  Newburg,  his 
brother  Felix  being  a  blacksmith  next  door.  He  has  in  his  possession  a  brass  kettle  which 
had  been  the  property  of  his  grandmother,  and  has  been  an  heirloom  in  the  family  for  lo<$ 
years.  Our  subject  has  been  several  times  elected  to  official  positions  in  the  village  and 
township,  in  all  of  which  he  has  well  discharged  his  duties. 


CHAPTER  XLIX. 

LOWER   ALLEN   TOWNSHIP   AND    BOROUGH   OF    NEW 
CUMBERLAND.* 

JACOB  BARBER,  farmer,  P.  O.  Lisburn.  The  many  reminiscences  of  the  early  days 
in  the  history  of  the  various  townships  are  replete  with  interest,  and  none  more  so  than 
that  of  the  Barber  family,  which,  since  1790,  has  been  well  known  in  this  and  adjacent 
counties  The  father  of  George  C.  Barber  resided  at  Boiling  Springs,  Monroe  Township, 
before  George  was  born,  which  event  occurred  in  1794.  There  were  eight  children  in  his 
family  George  C.  Joseph,  David,  James,  William,  Mary.  Elizabeth  and  Margaret. 
George  C,  the  father  of  our  subject,  left  home  at  the  age  of  eighteen  and  went  to  \  ork 
Couutv  the  next  year  was  married  to  Barbara  Rinehart,  of  that  county  and  in  1839  re- 
moved"'to  New  Cumberland,  and  in  1810  purchased  the  farm  on  which  his  son  now 
resides  To  George  C.  and  Barbara  Barber  were  born  nine  children:  William  Jacob, 
John  Nancy  Martha.  Elizabeth,  Barbara,  Susan  and  Sarali  (the  last  named  is  the  only 
one  who  was  born  in  Cumberland  County).  George  C.  Barber,  by  trade  a  mason,  con- 
tinued in  that  calling  until  1840  aud  scores  of  buildings  remain  as  monuments  to  his  skill 
in  this  and  Dauphin  Counties.  In  1870  lie  .lied  at  the  ripe  age  of  seventy^six  years,  having 
had  the  satisfaction  of  seeing  his  children  grown  to  be  useful  men  and  women.  Jacob 
Barber  was  born  in  1838;  at  the  age  of  twenty-one  he  went  to  California,  sailing  from  Balti- 
more on  the  clipper  "  Flying  Cloud."  the  journey  taking  one  year  and  nine  months  When 
he  arrived  at  Fiddletown,  near  Sacramento  City,  Cal.,  he  purchased  the  necessary  tools 
and  commenced  digging  for  gold,  and  from  the  first  was  quite  successful  Having  formed 
an  attachment  for  Miss^Elizabetb  Hoff.  of  York  County,  Penn.,  prior  to  his  Western  trip, 
Mr  Barber  returned  to  his  native  State  in  1857,  and  in  December  of  the  same  year  the 
marriage  deremony  was  performed  by  Rev.  Mooney.  of  Harrisburg  They  commenced  home 
life  on  the  Barber  homestead,  and  have  reared  a  family  of  four  children:  Mar>  K,  Harry, 
Georee  C  and  Charley.  The  well-known  business  qualifications  of  Mr.  Barber  early 
brought  him  forward  as  a  candidate  for  official  honors  and  he  was  first  elected  supervisor, 
which  position  he  filled  for  three  terms;  three  years  he  served  as  an  official  in  the  public 
schools  and  in  1873  he  was  elected  county  commissioner,  re-elected  in  1875,  ami  again  in 
1878  for  a  term  of  three  years.  During  all  these  years  of  public  service  Mr.  Barber  was 
never  known  to  do  a  thing  that  would  detract  from  his  good  name. 

COSMUS  S  CLENDEN1N,  postmaster,  Eberly's  Mills,  was  born  m  Lebanon  County, 
Penn  in  1833  son  of  William  and  Mary  (Snoke)  Clendeniu,  who  had  three  children: 
William,  Cosmos  S.  and  Mary  A.  Our  subject  learned  the  trade  of  shoe-making  with  his 
father  and  continued  in  the  business  for  a  number  of  years.  In  1856,  he  was  manied  to 
LucindaW.  Fox,  and  worked  at  his  trade  in  his  native  county  for  twelve  years  before 
removal  to  York  County,  Penn.,  where  a  farm  was  purchased  and  trade  discont .mued. 
Mr  and  Mrs.  Clendeniu  have  six  children  living:  Clara  A.,  Emma  M,  William  H.,  John 
M  Lizzie  M.  and  Ellen  G.  James  O.  died  in  infancy.  All  the  children  except  James  O 
we're  born  in  Lebanon  and  Dauphin  Counties,  Penn.  Our  subject  has  been a ■successful 
business  man  and  has  given  his  children  the  benefit  of  a  liberal  education.  WUham  H.,  a 
merchant  of  Milltown.  having  the  only  store  m  the  village,  married  Hattie,  daughtei  01 
EH  and  Elizabeth  Coxen.  of  York  County;  Clara  is  the  wife  of  H.  W.  Zimmerman;  Emma 


*For  borough  oi'Shireiuanstown,  see  page  456. 


LOWEB    ALLEN   TOWNSHIP.  \\K) 

Wilson  B.  Kauffman;  John  M.  married  Phoebe  Womer     [n  L878  Mr  Glen 

jposed  of  bia  farm  and  came  to  Mill  town  and,  in  1880,  established  himself  i ir- 

cantile  I  year  be  was  appointed  poatma  i  position  hi  bas  since 

held      lli'-  mercantile  business  was  transferred  to  his  son,  W.  B.,  January  i    1886   and 

idenio  will  bereafter  live  a  retired  life,  having  no  need  to  care  for  aughl 
duties  oi  the  postoffice.     Be  was  a  member  of  the  German  Reformed  Church  tor  twentv- 

six  years,  and  the lited  with  the  United  Brethren  denomination.     Politically  be  has 

trained  with  the  Republican  party  from  its  organization,  bul  has  no  aspiration;  for  ofll- 
cial  hi n 

DANIEL  DRAWBAUGB,  machinist,  Bherly's  Mills.    Prom  a  German  ancestry  on 

ted  a  man  whose  name  will  nol  only  become  famous  throughout  the 

civilized  world,  but  from  the  obscurity  in  which  his  talent  hail  been  I'm- si.  many  veara 

hidden   ll   comes  with  an  intensity  which  lui-ht.  imberland  County  rec- 

er  perpetuates  the  name  of  one  of  her  mosl  talented  sons   who  was  born 
red  in  I,  wer  Allen  Township,     lie  is  a  son  of  John  ami  Lci-h  1 151,. zicr)  Draw 
indwas  bom  July  it.  1838.     His  father  was  a  blacksmith  and  also  engaged  in  the 
manufacture  ol  edge  tools  and  gun  barrels.     Daniel  Drawbaugh  was  put  to  work  at  an 
earlj   age,  lor  boys  then  were  supposed  to  he  worth  onh   what  they  could  earn— education 
was  a  secondary  thought,  and  his  father  paid  no  attention  to  matters  of  this  kind     The 
Ol  his  so,,  was  developed  at  an  early  age,   and  he  became  quite  expert  will,  a  jack- 
ktute,  fashioning  a  clock,  etc.,  ami  many  inventions  made  in  his  younger  days  were  never 
patented.     Al  seventeen  he  learned  coach-making  with  his  brother  .1   B   Drawbaugh  and 
while  thu  largely  improved  the  machinery  used  in  that  work     At  fifteen  In- 

had  made  a  steam  engine,  which  be  disposed  of  only  a  few  years  ago.     He  also  j 

^!'',1-   ,'l",l,      !'., lll1'ilW1,"--'  VT  n!m"'t'-!!ni'1    hlS    portfolio    is    full  of   tine  sketches.       He    also 

early  day.  but  only  engaged  in 

ne  his  fortes.     January  1,  1854, 

f(ThOmpsOn)  Thompson.      Mr. 

.     legislature,  and  was  also  com- 

mandei  oi  a  company  oi  men  during  the  Buckshot  war.  Daniel  Drawbaugh  and  his  youu» 

wife  commenced  housekeeping  in  the  house  where  be  was  horn.    They  had  eleven  cMP 

.hem  EmmaC.,  Laura  V..  Iola  <>.,  Bella  B.,  Maude  C.  and  Charles  II.  arc  living 

n  [\,  Naomi  B.   EmmaC.,  Ida  M.  and  Barry  W.  8.,  are  deceased.    The  Ion- ami 

useful  ufe  of  Mr.  Drawbaugh  promises  to  become  of  especial  interest.    Naturally  of  an 

turn  of  mmd.  he  has  perflated  and  had  patented  more  than  fifty  useful  aDnli- 

id  instruments.     His  crowning  success  in  life  was  the  invention  of  the  telephone 

which  has  been  claimed  ami  to,- a  time  awarded  to  A.  G.  Bell,  hut  a  suit  at  law  will  deter- 

it   to  such  invention.     There  is  no  doubt  but  that  the  principles  of  thai   me 

(hum  were  first  put  m  operation  in  the  little  workshop  in  the  hamlet  of  Milltown    Should 

tin.  suit  be  decided  in  his  favor.   Mr.  Drawbaugh  at  once  becomes  the  most  noted  man  in 

Cumberland  County;  should  the  decision  be  adverse  he  is  none  the  less  a  talented  eentle- 

niu n  and  has  earned   lor  himself  a  high    place  in  the  inventive  fraternity      Our  Mihjecl 

employ.  a  number  of  men  and  operate-  quite  a  large  factory  in  which  electrical  and  other 

n   the  basis  of  experimentation.     His  family  has  been  reared  in  a  style  of 

their  education  carefully  looked  after 

JOSEPH  FEEMAN,  retired.  New  Cumberland.     In  L790,  Adam  Feeman,  the  grand- 
father ,d  . I, ...ph  Feeman  came  from  Lancaster  County,  I',,,,,,.,  and  purchased  the  farm 

DOT   the  pmperiy  of  John  Feeman.  and  here  reared  a  family  of  four  children-    Valentine 

the  youngest  son.  born  in  1788  and  died  in  1843.  married  Margaret  Shafer.  by  whom  he 
children,  oi  whom  sis  reached  adult  age;  John,  Ada,,,.  Elizabeth  Joseph   Val- 
entine and  Susan.    Of  these,  John,  who  ha,  remained  a  bachelor,  owns  the  homestead- 

named  Nancy  &rk;  Elizabeth  is  the  wife  of  R |pn  Martin:  Joseph  marrl    1 

Eliza  I'roweli.  who  bore  hmisix  children,  only  one  now  living-Susan   wife  of 
sidenl  of  Harrisburg  (Mrs.  Joseph  Feeman  died  in  1880,  aftei 
year-  oi  happj  domestic  life);  Va. entane  married  Matilda  Lutz,  of  Harrisburg,  Penn.  and 
Susan  is  the  wife  of  .lames  Eckels,  oi  this  county.    The  old  homestead  has  been  mad, 

':""'  °y  three  generations  of  Peemans,  wh ,     rerted  it  from  adense 

W il:;,M  !",'"  <'    'J*'1"  lraC'  "f  1:"!'1-    The  Old  house,  «  hich  was  erected  prior  to  the  Pur- 

V'11"'  1,v  A'l;.'!;'  -   "' "''■'■-'"' ''  extensive  repairs;  beneath  its  hospitable  roof 

™  have  been  born  anf  reared      I  ,,,:,  ,....  ,,  the  race  now  remaTn 

who  can  hand  down  a  name  that  for r136  years  has  been  familiar  in  the  history  of  the  town- 

^hl  '•     ,'  "  JoBeph,  live  a  retired   life  i„  [he  villi of  New  Cm,,. 

and  an   both  easy  in  a  financial  way,  having  lived  an  economical  and  unostenta- 

OWEN  JAMES,  retired.  P.  p.  New  Cumberland.     It  was  with  the  greatest  reluctance 

that  Mr.  James  allowed  this  bnel  sketch  to  appe.-,,-.     Bis  modestj  I  g 1  dee 

Proverbial  however,  that  common  report  woulS  furnish  a  voluminous  history  did  he  not 
seriously  ohjeet      BewMbornin-Lowei    Ulen  Township,  on  the  old  Peter  Zimi 

farm.  March  L5,  1815.     Ills  parents,  Thomas  and  Hannah  James,  moved  to  the  old  hone 


494  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES  : 

stead,  in  Fairview  Township,  l^S^^J^^fJ^^S^^SS- 

Owen  James  resided  there  until  He  was  ^^EfeaWnnam^Hannah,  Thomas,  Sarah 
dren  in  the  family  -.Lewis Jane ;  °™- ^^™fi  in  tlle  war  of  1812  serving 
and  Harriet.     Then  gi. imlt.it lit  i,  uwlu  j.u     »  h  ;      )8]r    iie  was  taken  sick, 

until  the  close  of  that  campaign,  and,  upon     '*  J  unes'then  took  charge  of  the  two 

and  died  at  Painted  Post  ±  f.    Thomas  and ;Hannah  Jarn^t .  k         f  ^ 

grandmothers,  and  with  tteir ten  ch j^Jf^^Td  cameTo  New  Cumberland  all  the 
James  m  1843.     In  1858  J Ms   J  am       <-t ii   t  _  thg  ^  of       hty. 

children  having ^married  and  ^^^%w"  Junes  for  a  time  worked  with  his  father 
six  years   with  a  sister  M^  Hannah  Lee. u  wUh  iroD  and  nailg  between  New 

on  the  farm.     In  1830  lie  wasnnvin     j  „  turnpike  between  York 

Cumberland  and  Duncannom     In  1833  he  car    d      u      c  Ywk  |ayen  fop  the  c 

Haven  and  Harnsburg.     The ut.\t >  ear nt     a   itu  James  left  his  home,  and 

berland  Valley  Railroad  bridge  at  H        sburg      In   1*J -wen   ,  er  in  the 

without  a  dollar  engaged  as ■masons  helper  at  oO  cents  pel  day^  «<-  fe  ?ded  Messr8. 
stock  business,  on  a  small  scale,  m  which  Ik  pios  citu  u u ^  i  ,  he 

^eve^K 

oe°rland.     I^when^ai  dap. r— p^  ^RMosser&^m  co 

of  rcT  ^  S  S  Mi- '  James  has  done  n .active  ^£^l£t8l£ 

settling  estates  and  managing  farms  for ri»^ePCi7R3  for  100  acres  and  allowances. 

waiting  for  the  repast  Jhe  General  lit  ted  he,  upon  his  lapand ent      ^  ance.  and 

of  his  droll  stories,  and,  although  st     m  m.     lit «   '      ^™.c    R  ,he  second  born. 

iisliil  IsrSfess^i 

Cumberland  County,  renn ,  Q au^i  prominent  man  in  his  time,  and  was  not 

sss,  -  r^stutajyssia  I.  >,.,.» «. ...» 


W)WBR   ALLEN   TOWNSHIP.  496 

of  the  in. ok-  and  business  of  his  father,  in  the  village  of  New  Cumberland,  who 
iblished  a  lumber  trade  in  that  place  in  1889  In  1850  limn  i;  Mossei  was  ad 
mitted  aa  partner  in  the  lumber  and  grain  business,  Owen  James  being  also  asssociated, 
and  from  that  date  the  firm  was  known  as  B.  H.  Mosser  &  Co.  In  1857  the  senioi  mem- 
ber of  the  firm  retired,  and  in  1864  Mr,  James  also  retired,  leaving  Henn  R.  Mosser  sole 
proprietor.  The  firm  is  now  Mosser  &  Sadler,  the  latter  being  Judge  Sadler,  of  Carli  le 
Peon.  Willi  the  exception  of  a  few  years,  Mr,  Mosser  has  always  been  connected  with 
the  lumber  trade  of  Dauphin  and  Cumberland  Counties,  but  has  also  a  large  -aw  mill  and 
establishment  in  Tioga  County,  in  which  he  has  associated  with  him  Julius  li. 
Kauilni.in.  who  for  many  \  ears  was  hi-  confidential  clerk  and  book  keeper.  The  firm  of 
Mosser  &  Sadler  employ  forty  men,  and  their  business  is  the  leading  enterprise  in  the 
village,  lit  ni\  R  Mosser  was  married  to  Margaret  A.  Yocum,  in  1852,  a  daughter  of 
Jacob  and  Henrietta  (Duncan)  Focum,  of  Fork,  York  Co.,  Penn.  To  this  union  were 
born  two  children  Nettie  E,  and  Rev.  Benjamin  II.  Mosser.  of  Mechanicsburg.  In  1859 
Mrs.  Mosser  died,  and  in  1863 Mr.  Mosser  married  R.  Jennie  Miller,  of  New  Cumberland, 
this  county,  bywhom  be  has  two  children:  Annie,  a  graduate  of  Dickinson  Seminary! 
Williamsport,  and  John  ('..who  is  preparing  for  college  under  the  tutelage  oi  Pro! 
Beiler,  of  Harrisburg,  Penn.    Mr.  Mosser  has  lived  a  long  and  useful  life,  and  perhaps  no 

man  living  in  the  Village  has  dieir  more  to  advance  its  interests.      For   main    vcars  he  has 
hen,  an  ai  five  Ri  publican  politician  in  State  and  National  affairs.      In  theological  mailers 

be  stands  very  high,  and  for  more  than  twenty  years  has  been  superintendent  of  the  Meth- 
odist Episcopal  Sabbath-school,  and  for  six  years  president  of  the  famous  Cumberland 
Sabbath  school  Assembly,  now  a  part  of  the  Chautauqua  system,  located  atMountain  Lake 
a  the  summit  of  the  Alleghenies,  Maryland.     He  has  been  president  of  Cumber 

land  Yalle\  (amp  Meeting  Association,  and  represented  the  Central  Pennsylvania  Con 
oi  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  at  Baltimore,  in  1876,  and  also  at  the  Cen- 
tennial Conference,  at  Baltimore,  in  1884,  and  which  was  the  most  noted  Conference  ever 
leld  ii\  that  body,  in  which  all  the  branches  of  the  church  and  Sabbath-school  work 
were  represented  For  more  than  a  quartered'  a  century  he  has  officiated  as  trustee, 
steward  and  class-leader  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  in  New  Cumberland,  and  was 

the  first  president  of  the  y   M.  C   A   of  this  village.     He  is  also  treasurer  of  theConfer- 
ication  Society,  in  which  capacity  he  has  served  since  the  organization  id' this 
commendahle  enterprise  to  assist  young  men  to  obtain  an  education. 

i.l'.i  )RGE  W     Ml  MPER,  farmer.  P.  ().  New  Cumberland,  was  born  in  Carroll  Towu- 

r|-   Co  .  Penn..  in  1828,  son  of  John  and  Jane  (Beelman)  Mumper,  who  were  the 

parents  of  twelve  children,  nine  of  whom  are  livine:  Elizabeth,  widow  of  Jacob  Heiges  of 

Dillsburg:  Christina,  widow  of  Daniel  Bailey,  Esi|.:  Michael,  married  to  l.li/a  A.  Ooover; 

Maria,  widow  oi   Maj.  Jacob  Dorsheimer;  Margaret, widow  of  Col.  S.  M.  Bailey,  a  noted 

the  military  and  civil  history  of  Pennsylvania;  John;  Catharine  residing  with  her 

brother  John;  Samuel  married  to  Mary  King,  of  York  County;  George  W.;  Ann  (deceased) 

Mrs.  Lydia  Porter  (deceased).     November  2.  1854.  our  subject  married  Miss  Mary  J.  Mateer 

Oi   Dillsburg.  a  daughter  of  William  and  Mary  A.  Mateer,  who  were  the  parents  of  three 

-     Ann  P..  residing  with  Mr.  Mumper;  Margaret  ('..wife  of  Dr.  E.  B.  Brandt,  of 

M  CSburg,   and   .Mary    .1.      Her  parents  were  anionir  the  early  settlers  in  Lower  Allen 

To*  aship  and  all  the  daughters  were  born  on  the  farm  now  owned  bv  Mr.  Mumper;  this 
prop, tin  has  been  in  possession  of  the  Mateers  for  more  than  sixty  years,  and  has  been 
the  home  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Mumper  since  their  marriage,  he  at  that  time  purchasing  the  in 
the  Other  heirs.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Mumper  have  been  born  six  children  The  two 
eldest  an  I  ulu  B.  (aswas  her  mother  before  hen  is  a  graduate  at  Lititz;  George 

B.  i-  a  graduate  of  Dickinson  College;  Samuel  completed  his  course  at  Collegiate  Institute 
at  York  graduated  from  Wilson  College  at  Chambersburg.    Mr.  Mumper  is 

prominent  in  political  envies,  both  National  and  local,  and  was  one  of  the  firs!  Represen- 
tatives elected  under  the  new  Constitution  in  the  county  of  Cumberland.     Hehasfoi  re  I 
teenyeai  be  school  board,  of  which  he  has  continuously  been  president,  and 

has  taken  a  prominenl  pail  in  I  verythiug  that  advances  the  business,  social  moral  and  ed- 
ucational interests  oi   his  chosen  county. 

LEVI   MUSSELMAN,  farmer,   P.  O.   Shiremanstown,  is  the  only  representative  of 

this  f ily  in  this  county,  and  which  came  originally  from  Germany,  but  at  what  date  the 

r  County  nothing  is  known.    Christian'  Mussselman  was  born 

-ter  County  in  17!Mi;    came  to  Cumberland  County  in  1820.  and    look  service  with 

Christian    Hurst  on  the  farm  now   owned  by  Mrs.  Mussehnan.     After  tbi  death  of  Mr 

Hurst  Mr   Musselman  married  his  widow,  and  by  her  had  three  children— two  sons  and  one 

daughter    son  died  in  infancy.  Levi,  and  Elizabeth,  now  the  wife  or  peter  Mus 

oi  idams  County,  Penn.     Levi  Musselman  was  born,  in  1827,  on  the  Hurst  farm   and  has 
always  followed  the  occupation  of  farming.     In  1849  he  was  married  to  Annie,  daughter 
i/ a  beih  (Nialej  I  .Mum  ma.  whose  family  history  forms  an  important  record 
Their  ma  on   the   farm,  now  "the  homi     i     I,  and   then    John  the 

:"ii-n      A    lew  year-   later  Mr.  Musselman  moved  to   the  Hurst  farm  and 
there  Elizabeth  and  Fanny  were  born.   Of  the  other  children,  Kate  was  born  on  tie 


496  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

tlan  Munmia  farm,  and S^u*  *£b. «<£ 'Jfiffi '^S^SSS^Sf 

nie  Hess;  Jacob  married  Grace  Hart  nan    ia nn     i    U  -   ,^   tionallj  pleasantone.     They 
riedlifeof  «r  ,f  Mr?;,^  ^u  * 'du      ^  c  "Idr'n  in   that  practical  manner 

who  was  born  m  Lancaster  C.mntjUnn  My  -  r  l8u2  came  tQ  Cum. 
Christina,  daughter  of  Daniel  and  Annie  M.  (  W n    l  o< no  John 

berland  County,  and  with  his  brother   Martin   puch^eatn  Jq         M 

M.  Rupp.     The  children  reared  were  George ^iaUur  ol :om  aio ,        ^^      Q 

Elizabeth,  Jacob  G„  Martin  G--J°X'dTn'the  course  of  time  married  Mrs.  Catharine 
Rupp,  the  eldest  son,  was  born  in  1803   and  in  the  course  o^       ^  ^  ^ 

(Schopp  Neidig.  who  wasboir^ Utc cmoei  j   i  ;      became  one  of  the  most  useful 

Was  a  teacher  in  this  county  and  having  a ^^Xtim:  taxes  and  other  business  of 
men  in  the  neighborhood  settling  man>  /",',;,:.',,,  folThim  the  greatest  respect  and 
importance  was  done  by  him  in  a  ™™*$£±%°'$$  Our  subject,  the  only  child  born 
confidence  of  all  who  knew  him,  he '^dmay_ *»•_»»•  V^  .  ,{  ,  termed  George  the 
t0  his  parents,  inherited  his  grandfather  l^^n  wa's  acqu"  ed  in  the  schools  of  his  na- 
Third;  he  was  born  March  1,  Uvi  .     His      u  ,  u  successful  business 

tive  county,  and  from   us  yon  h  he  Ik be   ^ macUc al  ia^  ^^  ^   ^ 
man.     February  88, .1871,  he  marr     '  ^itl ">™  *  .  n      B    this      ion  are  tWo  children: 

of  Joseph  and  ^me  (Grove)  Sadler  of  New  Kingston     J^t .  The  married  life  of 

George  S„  born  March  31  lb  -.  *nd  ■ °^I*£-  ™  the  R  '  homestead,  and  which  was 
Mr.  Rupp .was  commenced  on  the ^farm  s^n  W«.m         M>  ^  idous>  the  farm 

^^^^^T^^t^iX^lnt^J^  of  Jheir  ancestors- 

fina  JOHN'  lHEKdfarmearlyp.  0.  Shiremanstown.  The  grandparents  of  our  subject 
were' AnJrewHandE  Ba^ara  (Baruhort)  8^,^  ormer^Ai^ 1 1  1  52,  flatter 
November;  6,  1T53,  and  were  married  A  .gust  31    1     -^      And.  t  J  rican  , 

Catharine,  Elizabeth,  William  H.,  Jacob  and  Samuel      The  ^ atber        o  j^  ^ 

Sheely,  was  born  on  the f  arm  now -owned    y  Davi Oyster  in  rmi  ^  ^ 

Elizabeth  Cromlich  probably  «' f^'^TjX  Benjamta,  Samuel,  Susan,  Annie 
other  children  were  Frederick,  Baiba.  a,  t ,1 zabeth,  JO_ n£- f"j"J*  f  h  Audrew  gheely,  pur- 
and  Catharine.  About  the :« :of I «  mag P^^f^Xm'  now  resides,  and  on 
chased  and  presented  him  with  the  fine :  ta  m  on  wnicu  »  of  herculean 

which  all  his  brothers  and  sisters  were  boi n^       Inc  ^eiys^  haye  been 

whose  widow,  Mary  (Croml.chl  b uelj ,,  ana  sista  in   a  brother,  John  H.  and 

farming  being  managed  by  Join    ^  a       the  t  wo  ;   u     o  and  speeial  atten- 

Jacob  ft.    The  finest  steer  m  Cimb«Und  Co nntj  i>  no*  the,.        1       ^  note'd  ag  mQney. 

known  in  this  county   and,  though  t i  ™    '  h    fi   •  of  ,be  famUy  t0  come  to  Lan- 

name  is  unquestionably  Germain      UontrA  «.  s  the  h  st  om  ^  ^.^  ^ 

caster  County,  Fm,**  Sn?Ru  's  rea grandfather^  at  public  sale,  the  cus- 
madeof  Leonard  Umbei  get  puu^n.uiii  ir     assengers,  in 

torn  in  those  days,  the  vessel  own.  s  ha  u  tlnr  t  <im  -_  t.aral^fatherof  our 
this  way  to  obtain  their  passage  m  '.  L  m.  d  L  n  „  .  a .  Xdam^Umberger  settled 
subject,  as  he  begat  Adam  wlioWW,  ^o  and  hv  his  wife,  Catharine,  had  three 
in  "Path  Valley,"  now  in  Franklin  County,  in  1      .         D-t     hill  County:  John  who  en- 

J^^£SSflS&fflSSiS£-  bodied  while  aPyoung  man.     Adam  Umber- 


LOWEB  ALLEN  TOWNSHIP.  I'1' 

n  as  a  millwright,  was  preparing  to  build  a  mill  near  his  home  when  be  died;  bis 
family  then  returned  to  Dauphin  Count}  and  settled  mar  Linglestown.     David,  the  eldest 
son,  was  born  in  L775,  and  was  indentured  to  Mr.  Berry,  iu  1791,  to  learn  the  blacksmith's 
i  i  mother  aboul  that  lime  married  Michael  I  mberger,  a  brother  of  her  first  bus- 
red  to  York  County,  near  Lisburn).    Aboul  1796  David  Omberger  came  to 
purchased  propert}  and  established  himself  in  the  blacksmith's  trade     [n  1798 he 

h}    Maish,  .'i   5Tork  County,  Penn.,  by  wl be  had  a  large  family;  the 

ild,  Mary,  was  born  in   Lisburn  in   1799,  ana  a  im  years  later  David  l  o 
sold  his  Lisburn  property,  moved  to  WarriDgton  Township,  York  County,  and 
lurchased  a  farm  and  carried  on  an  extensive  smithy.    On  this  farm  were  born  Ann, 
Elizabeth,  Catharine,  David  and  Rebecca  (twini    and  Sarah.     About   1812  he  purchased 
the  Daniel  Kalun  farm,  near  Lisburn  (where  he  resided  until  his  death),  and  here  were 
born  Ellen,  John,  Jane,  George  and  Esthi  r.     John    I  mberger,  our  subject,  was  born  in 
1816;  in   1841,  he  married  Susan  Miller,  of  York  County,  Penn.,  daughter  of  Jacob  and 
[iller,  and  the}  commenced  married  life  on  the  paternal  homestead,  and  their  two 
wer<  born:  David  M.,  in  1843,  and  Eliza  J.,  in  1845.     [n  the  spring  of  1846,  our  sub 
jei  i.  w  i'li  his  family,  came  to  this  county,  purchasing  the  farm,  now-  his  homestead,  and 
which  has  been  made  beautiful  by  his  own  industry;  every  fence,  the  handsome  stone 
house,  commodious  outbuildings,  etc.,  were  erected  since  the  purchase,  and  the  nice  or- 
chard was  planted  1  > %    the  bands  of   himself   and  wife,  and    they  have   lived  to  see  their  la- 

tvned  by  beautiful  harvests,  which  have  filled  their  purse.     Rachael  E.,  John,  Jr., 
:•■  P.,  Lewis  C,  William  M.,  Franklin  P.,  Lilly  E..  Charles  E.  and  Clar- 

were  bora  on  this  farm.     Always  popular  anions  the  people,  Mr.  Omberger  has 

remosl  in  promoting  ever}  important  feature  of  educational  and  social  life.  A  life- 
lone  Democrat,  he  has  lived  to  see  the  rise  and  decline  of  numerous  political  parties,  and 
ti.  day  bails  with  delight  the  supremacy  his  chosen  party  occupies.  For  nearly  half  a  cen- 
tury he  and  his  wife  have  belonged  to  the  Church  of  God,  and  have  reared  their  family  in 

th.  Rich  in  experience,  ripe  in  years,  they  remain  as  the\  have  lived,  beloved  by 
all  who  know  them. 

GEORGE  WALKER,  retired.  Lisburn.  More  than  a  century  ago  Benjamin  Walker, 
and  his  wife,  Sarah  |  Morris)  Walker,  came  from  Wales  to  Chester  County,  Penn. ;  later  re- 
moved to  York  County,  finally  settling  near  Rossville,  and  there  purchased  a  farm  and 

ommodious  buildings.  The}  were  members  of  the  society  known  as  "Friends;" 
ami  the  church  now  standing,  although  more  than  a  hundred  years  old,  was  the  house  in 
which  the}  w  orshiped,  and  from  its  sacred  desk  William  Penn  has  preached  to  the  pioneer 
•  ins.    On  the  farm  their  famil}  of  seven  children  was  reared;  Isaac,  the  youngest  son, 

married  Mary  Cramer,  and  their  home  was  made  during  the  early  years  of  wedded  lite  at  the 
mansion  ol  ids  father.    The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  in  York  County,  Penn.,  another 

son,  John,  and  a  daughter,  Mar}  A.,  mm  the  wife  of  Samuel  Gchr,  of  Camp  Hill,  were  born 

erl  and  County,  after  the  removal  of  their  parents  to  this  county  in  1825.    Isaac 

Walker  i  fat  her  of  our  subject  I  died  in  1889,  and  his  widow  in  1!">G4.     Lewi-,  an  elder  brother 

U  alker,  worked  for  forty  years  in  Harrisburg,  married  Mary  A.  Hull,  of  Lisburn, 

iii    1845    and   had   twii  children:  Clara  and  Jacob  M,     In  USS4.  an  unfortunate  accident 

a  of    Mrs.  Walker   since  which  time  Lewis  Walker   has  made  his  home 

with  his  brothel  George.    <  lur  subject  was  one  of  the  most  enterprising  young  men  in  this 

county.   Choosing  in  early  life  the  trade  of  sh making,  he  established  himself  at  Lisburn. 

His  mother,  youngi  r  brother  and  sister  lived  together  until  the  marriage  of  the  sister,  in 
1853,  with  Samuel  Gehr,  by  whom  she  has  two  children:  Geo.  W  and  John  A.  His  aged 
mother  made  her  home  with  him  until  her  death.  With  untiring  energy  he  persevered  in 
his  work  until  a  handsome  competence  w  as  accumulated,  consisting  of  a  hue  farm  and  the 
best  resident  e  property  in  the  village.  In  lSGGMr.  Walker  was  married  to  Elizabeth  Reiff, 
of  York  Count),  and  two  children  were  born,  who  died  in  infancy.  After  ten  years  of 
pleasant  married  life  Mr.  Walker  was  left  a  childless  widower,  and.  in  company  with  his 
Lewis,  bis  days  are  passed  in  the  quiet  home  at  Lisburn.  But  for  an  accident,  in 
1885,  Mr.   Walker  would  be  as  hale  and  active  as  a  man  of  fifty.      In  fi'rty  years  he  has  not 

attack  of  sickness.     He  lias  a  cheery  home,  surrounded  by  all  the  comforts 
wealth  brings  to  intellectual  minds,  and  has  a  record  without  a  stain. 

EMANUEL  ZIMMERMAN,  retired,  P.  O.  Eberly's  Mills,  the  onl}  son  of  Peter  Zim- 
merman, now  living  in  Cumberland  County,  was  born  on  the  homestead,  in  this  county, 
i   s.  IMs.      hj_   father   was  born  in   l??ti,  in  Lancaster  County.  Penn.,  and  there 
married  Esther  Martin,  also  born  in  the  same  year.     When  the  Zimmerman  family  came 
to  Cumberland  County  there  was  ii"  bridge  "across  tin-  Susquehanna,  and  trains  were 
forded,  and  goods  carried  over  in  boats.      Tile  land  now  owned  by  the  family  was  then  mi- 
;.  and  tie-  tine  houses  and  barns,  with  the  exception  of  Henry  Zimmerman's  stone 
have  been  erected  since  their  coming,    of  their  twelve  children,  Emanuel  is  the 

est  and  the  ad  one  born  in  this  county.    October  22,  1844,  he  was  married  to 

Susannah,  daughter  of  Christian  and  Elizabeth  I  less,  born  in  York  County,  Penn.,  .March 
4.  1825.      Tie  hous<  keeping  on  State  Hill,  in  an  old  tenant  house,  now  the 

property  of  J.  C.  Comfort.     In  1859  Emanuel  Zimmerman  made  bis  first  purchase  of  land, 


498  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

wV   v    IWhtoii    Levi    and   Isaac.     Joseph   Zimmerman   married  Mary   J.  Blair, 

C.  Bleu,  an  o  1W(  n      "    '     e  M.nnonite  Chorch;  that  was  before  their  raarnaee, 

merman  were  n i.i.  In.  »      .    "    '"-  *      , „  .limoieJ  nor  their  ftimily  circle  broken  by 

death     The,  £fnowC.ev.n..,r/r.Soilei,.»  and  a  family  of  whom  any  parent,  may 
M  HENRY  W  ZIMMERMAN,  r.rrner,  P.  0.  Eberly'.  Mill.    Th.  history  of  the  Zim- 

ITSrZ'Z W  o"  —  1  LH,'o  ^Momoo  Sf  toothers.    TheVigi.al  tree,  com- 


CHAPTER  L. 
MIDDLESEX    TOWNSHIP. 


-ixtttwvt  AVRT?s*   M   Lt     is  a  descendant  of  English  and  Scotch-Irish  ancestry,  and 

""  ^NRYf  BiBBLEJpnSc{!.  fof  ^Carlisle  Springs.  P.O.  Carlisle  Springs,  was born 
•     v    +  .  ' »  „,i    p™         1      %   1H29.    In  1*37  he  moved  to  Cumberland  County,  and  hired 

T\™JlTBa.5  ToR,CTtMc°  After  i    r«Be  he  came  to  Middles.!  Township,  tto. 


MIDDLESEX  TOWNSHIP.  499 

ufacture  He  also  own-  the  building  in  which  he  resides,  a  large  two  story  Erame  struct- 
ure Hia  ii,,i  wife  died  October  86,  1878,  and  March  3,  1876,  he  married  Elizabeth  Swartz. 
Mr.  Babb  tart  in  life  bj  gathering  chincapina,  a  small  nutgrowing  like  chest- 

nuts  when  a  boy  in   fork  County,  and   selling  them   in   Dover.     He  owns  seventeen 
Silver  Spring   rownship,  and  thirty  six  acres  (and  ten  unseated)  where  ho  lives 
at  Carlisle  Springs.     He  has  labored  hard,  andean  now  boas!  of  having  as  much  as  the 
m  in"     Be  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Reformed  Cburch.     Mr.  Babble  also 
owns  two  residences  in  the  village  of  Carlisle  Springs,    lie  turns  out  of  his  tannery,  on  ar, 
each  year  1,800  hides, which  are  shipped  in  the  rough,  principally  to  Philadelphia 
ston.     The  tannery  is  36x51  feet,  two  stories  in  height,  with  an  L  30x14  feet;    the 
bark  shed  is  34x50  and  the  mill  room  24x23,  and  the  engine-room  16x18  feet;  leach-room, 
16x34;  new  bank  barn.  ::iix"iii.  Hi  feet  2  incites  in  the  square;  scale  house,  16x23  feet. 

I)A\'11>   P.  BRINDLE,  farmer.  P.  O.  Carlisle  Springs,  was  bom  on  his  father's  farm 
September  30,  1838,   George,  his  father,  settled  upon  this  farm  at  an  early  date,  and  married 
Elizabeth  Dewey,  daughter  of  Peter  Dewey,  a  Revolutionary  soldier,  who  died  in  the 
old  house  which  is  still  standing  on  the  farm.     George  was  the  father  of  six  children, 
three  of  whom  arc  living,  viz.:     Capt.  Peter  Brindle.  of  Carlisle,  Margaret  and  David  P. 
aned  married   Sarah  Barr,   of    Middlesex  Township,   Cumberland   County, 
December  18,  1866,  and  b\  her  has  three  children,  viz.:    Amelia,  Samuel  and  George  W. 
Drennan  originally  took  a  large  tract  of  land  in  this  northern  portion  of  what  is 
;,,.«  Middlesex  Township,  but  was  then  North  Middleton,  which  included  a  part  of  the 
whole  of  the   farm  now  owned  by  Mr.  Brindle.     But  that   family,  with   the  other  early 
Scotch  Irish  settlers  Of  this  northern  part  of  Middlesex,  are  extinct,  and  it  has  been   the 
-■tilers  who,  by  their  toil,  have  made  the  border  of  our  valley  "blossom 
like  the  ro  _    ,    _, 

CHARLES  CLENDENIN,  merchant,  Carlisle  Springs,  was  born  in  New  ^ork  City 
and  is  a  -.in  of  .lames  and  Barbara  (Keill'er)  Clendenin,  natives  of  Pennsyl- 
!  of  English  descent      .lames  clendenin  was  iii  the  patent-right  business  in  his 
younger  days,  and  later  engaged  in  the  tanning  business,  at   HogestOWn,  Penn.,  for  sev- 
eral  Tears      He  then  moved  to  Cumberland  County  and  engaged  in  the  same  business, 
erected  all  the  buildings  necessarv  for  a  tan  yard,  and  followed  the  trade  until  1878,  when 
■  hi    to  Samuel   Sample.' and   then  engaged  in  mercantile  business,   at,  Carlisle 
Springs,  until  the  time  of  his  death,  November  19,  1885.     He  was  the  father  of  three  chil- 
dren, 'viz.:    Ida  C,   wife  of  W.  E.   Reddig.  of  the  firm  of  J.  <fc  J.  B.  Reddig  &  Sons,  of 
Shippensburg;  Charles,   a  merchant  of  Carlisle  Springs,   and  James  B.,   who  resides  in 
Carlisle  Springs.     His  brother  John  was  elected  judge  of  the  county,  but  died  before 
taking  his  seat.     James  Clendenin  owned  a  large  tract  of  land  at  the  time  of  his  death. 
He  was  a  Democrat  and  took  a  great  interest  in  politics,  being  the  leader  in  his  vicinity. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  lodge,  at  New  Kingston.     Charles,  our  subject,  was 
reared  to  the  tanning  trade  and  was  in  the  business  with  his  father  until  the  hitter's  death, 
after  which  he  bought  the  store  and  has  since  been  engaged   in  commerce  at  Carlisle 
Springs.     He  carries  a  general  line  of  merchandise,  such  as  will  supply  the  country  trade, 
k  bring  valued  at  $2,000.  which  is  fully  insured.     March  24.  1881,  Mr.  Clendenin 
married  Julia  F.,  daughter  of  John  and  Elizabeth  Cameron.     Our  subject  and  wife  are  the 
parent-  of  two  children:  William  and  Elsie  Clendenin.     His  wife  is  a  member  of  the  Lu- 
theran Church,     James  R..  our  subject's  brother, went  to  Shippensburg,  in  1878,  where  he 
1  in  merchandising  for  three  years,  and  then  went  west,  to  Holden,  Ma,  and  spent 
five  vein-  in  the  Bame  occupation.    Mr.  Clendenin  is  also  postmaster  at  Carlisle  Springs, 
having  been  appointed  under  the  present  administration.     His  father  was  also  postmaster 
for  a  number  of  year-  before  his  death. 

i   HRI8TLAN  R.  GLADFELTER.   miller,  was  born  in  York  County  in  1838.      He 

moved  first  to  Silver  Spring  Township,  this  county,  and  later  to  Middle-ex  Township,  and 

en  led  the  schools  of  the  time.     He  afterward  followed  fanning  until  three 

ro,  when  his  father,  Moses,  purchased  the  grist-mill  tit  the  confluence  of  the  Letort 

and    Conoiluirninet  Creeks.     Moses  Gladfelter  is  descended  from  men  of  Revolutionary 

riiiee  brothers  came  from  Germany,  two  of  whom  served  in  the  Revolutionary 

war.     Moses  i-  tie   son  of  George,  and  married  Miss  Ruhl,  of  Cumberland  County.     To 

them  two  sons  and  one  daughter  were  born.  Of  whom  Christian  is  the  eldest.     The  mill 

iiri-tini  now  operates  is  of  historic  interest.     In  1756  it  was  conveyed  by  John 

ai    sons,  Kandle  and  William.    Just  prior  to  the  Revolution  it  was  -old  to 

Robert  Callender,  an  Indian  trader,  and  a  man  of  education  and  influence  in  those  times. 

In  1792  it  passed  into  the  hand-  of  Ephraim  Ilia  inc.  grandfather  of  Hon,  James  C.  I'd. line, 

of  Maine,  from  whom  it  ha-  descended  down,  through  various  parties  and  by  various  rail- 

-,  to  the  present  owners,  who  have  remodeled  and  greatly  enlarged  it,  so  that   it 

is  now  one  of  the  largest  and  most  successful  roller-mills  in  the  county.    Mr.  Gladfelter 

also  purchased  the  handsome  residence  adjoining. 

GE<  >RGE  W.  JACOBS,  farmer,  was  born  on  his  father's  homestead,  on  the  northern 
border  of  Middlesex  Town-hip.  October  29.  1832.  Jacob  Jacobs,  the  grandfather,  came 
from  Germany  and  settled  first  in  York,  then  in  Perry  County,  Penn.     Henry,  his  son, 


500  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

and  the  father  of  George  W.,  moved  into  Cumberland  County,  and  was  the  first  of  the 
family  to  settle  on  the  farm  in  Middlesex.  George  W.  Jacobs  married  Phoebe  Wetzel,  of 
Cumberland  County,  December  25,  1855,  by  which  marriage  there  were  eight  children,  six 
of  whom  are  still  living  on  the  homestead  farm. 

DAVID  MILLER,  farmer,  was  born  in  Lancaster  County,  September  18,  1820.  tie 
is  the  third  son  of  David,  Sr.,  and  Mary  (Eshebnan)  Miller,  who  moved  to  Cumberland 
County  from  Lancaster  in  1833.  lie  attended  the  country  schools  of  the  day,  followed 
fanning  with  his  father,  and  engaged  for  many  years  in  the  nursery  business  on  the  large 
farm  at  the  Middlesex  Station.  He  married  Elizabeth  Stouffer.  a  lady  of  refinement,  and 
the  dau-hter  of  Jacob  Slouffer,  of  Franklin  County,  Penn.  About  the  same  time.  Mr. 
Stouffer  purchased  the  Middlesex  estate  from  the  Blaine  and  Penrose  heirs.  He  was  for 
a  time  in  partnership  with  Mr.  Stouffer  in  operating  the  old  paper-mill  at  that  place,  and 
in  the  lime-burning  and  coal  business.  Mr.  Stouffer's  son  Benjamin  had  supervision  of 
the  flour-mill.  A  financial  reverse  crippled  this  estate;  some  branches  of  its  business  were 
closed  while  the  rest  passed  into  other  hands.  Mr.  Miller  is  a  man  of  large  reading  and 
judgment,  and  fond  of  books,  but  with  little  time  to  cultivate  ins  taste  in  that  direction. 
His  family  consists  of  two  sons  and  three  daughters.  He  is  now  hying  ou  and  has 
charge  of 'the  ''Indian  Farm"  for  the  training  in  agriculture  of  the  Indian  youths  at  the 
training  school.  Carlisle.     The  farm  lies  just  at  the  edge  of  the  village  of  Midd  esex. 

ROBERT  S  WITMER  farmer,  P.  O.  Carlisle,  was  born  near  bhippensburg,  Cum- 
berland County  Penn.,  December  9,  1850,  and  is  a  son  of  Jacob  and  Hannah  (Senseman) 
AVitmer  native's  of  Cumberland  County,  Penn.,  and  of  German  descent.  His  grandfather 
Joseph  was  born  in  Lancaster  County,  but  came  to  Cumberland  County  when  a  boy, 
and  was  one  of  the  early  settlers  of  the  county.  He  settled  near  Middlesex  Station 
where  he  lived  until  his  death,  in  about  1854.  He  was  a  farmer,  and  owned  a  large  tract 
of  land  Jacob,  subject's  father,  was  born  on  the  homestead  in  1814;  was  a  farmer,  and 
a  consistent  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church.  He  died,  in  1874,  on  the  farm  now  occu- 
pied by  Robert  S  Our  subject  was  reared  on  a  farm,  and  remained  with  his  father  until 
his  death  Mr  Witmer  is  one  of  the  substantial  and  successful  farmers  of  the  county. 
He  owns  163  acres  of  good  land.  His  mother  is  now  in  her  sixty-eighth  year  is  yet 
living  and  resides  with  him.  She  is  a  consistent  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church.  .Mr. 
Witmer  is  a  member  of  the  I.  0.  O.  F.  Lodge,  No.  91.  Carlisle.  He  is  a  prominent  man, 
intelligent  and  enterprising;  politically  he  is  a  Republican. 

SAMUEL  WITMER  farmer.  P.  O.  Middlesex,  was  born  in  Cumberland  Coun_ 
ty  March  4  1825,  and  is  a  son  of  Joseph  and  Catharine  (Eberly)  Witmer  natives  of 
Lancaster  County,  Penn..  and  of  German  descent.  His  grandparents  came  to  Cumberland 
Countv  in  1791, 'and  settled  in  Middleton  (now  Middlesex)  Township,  where  they  owned 
a  o-ood  tract  of  land,  and  the  house,  erected  by  the  grandfather  when  he  first  came  to  the 
county,  is  still  standing.  The  grandfather  was  at  one  time  quite  wealthy  but  his  wealth 
was  considerably  reduced  on  account  of  the  excise  tax.  which  he  was  obliged  to  pay  on 
whisky  in  which  he  dealt  at  that  time.  He  lived  on  the  old  homestead  until  his  death. 
Joseph  Witmer  was  born  in  1785,  and  died  in  1853.  "He  was  one  of  the  successful  farmers 
of  the  day  made  his  own  way  in  the  world,  and  at  his  death  owned  315  acres  ot  valua- 
ble land  He  was  a  member  of  the  Mennonite  Church,  the  father  of  nine  children 
three  of  whom  are  living:  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Givler,  Samuel  and  Mrs.  Danie  Kutz.  Samuel 
was  reared  on  the  farm,  and  when  twenty-nine  years  of  age  started  in  life  tor  himselt. 
In  partnership  with  his  brother.  Abraham,  he  farmed  the  homestead  for  fourteen  years, 
and  in  18(58  sold  out  his  interest  to  his  brother,  and  bought  94  acres  of  land,  where  he 
now  lives  His  farm  is  well  improved  with  good  buildings,  and  he  now  owns  460  acres, 
also  a  house  at  Middlesex  Station,  which  was  erected  in  1874.  It  is  a  arge,  two-story 
brick  grain  warehouse,  and  affords  a  commodious  store-room  and  a  good  shipping  point 
for  the  vicinity.  Mr.  Witmer  is  ticket  agent,  freight  agent  and  postmaster  ot  the  station, 
the  DOStofflce  of  which  was  established  in  1878.  November  5.  1863.  he  married  Clarissa, 
daughter  of  Samuel  and  Catherine  (Waggoner)  Williams,  and  to  them  six  children  were 
borm  three  of  whom  are  living:  Annie  M..  Joseph  and  Abram.  Mrs.  Y\  itmer  is  a  member 
of  the  German  Reformed  Church  of  Carlisle.  Politically  Mr.  W  itmer  is  a  Republican. 
His  mother  was  one  of   twelve   children,   all  of  whom  lived  to   be   married   and   have 

TOHN  WOLF  farmer.  P.  O.  Middlesex,  was  born  on  the  farm  where  he  now  resides 
July  6  1834.  and  is  a  son  of  David  and  Anna  (Corman)  Wolf,  natives  of  Pennsylvania  and 
of  German  descent.  His  grandfather  John  was  reared  in  this  county  and  in  1803  bought 
the  farm  where  our  subject  now  lives,  consisting  of  160  acres,  on  which  he  made  all  the 
improvements.  He  built  a  barn  100  feet  long,  which  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  1819,  and  the 
same  year  he  erected  the  stone  one,  72x45  feet,  which  is  still  standing.  He  also  operated 
a  distillery  for  a  number  of  vears  on  this  farm,  and  hauled  the  whisky  to  Baltimore.  His 
wife  was  a  very  strong,  heal'thy  woman,  being  able  to  lift  the  barrels  onto  the  wagon.  He 
was  very  successful  in  life.  'He  died  in  1822.  David  Wolf,  his  son.  was  reared  on  the 
homestead,  and  later  bought  two  farms.  He  owned  376  acres  in  this  county,  and  48  acres 
in  Perry  County      He  served  as  lieutenant  of  a  rifle  military  company  for  many  years;  also 


MIDDLESEX   TOWNSHIP.  50] 

held  the   ifflce  of  director  of  the  poor  of  the  county  for  nine  yi  u  o   chool  director 

f,,r  ;l  nu  was  in  politics  a  Democrat.     He  died  in  1878     Our  subject   was 

t  the  farm,  and  remained  a1  home  until  twentj  three  years  of  age.    January  8, 

married  Margaretta   Wert,  bj  whom  be  had  thild    Joseph  P      who  died  al 

:  pears.    Mrs.  Wolf  died  October  15, 1862.     After  his  first  marriage  he  settled 

on  the  farm  now  occupied  by  bis  brother  Joseph.     Here  his  \\  ife  died   and  after  bei  deal  b 
he  wem  back  to  the  homestead  and  remained  some  three  years,  when,  November  10,  1864, 
ied   Catherine    Wetzel,   who    bore    bim  six  children:    David   II      Raymond  8., 
Anna  C,  Mary  E.,  Charles  II    and  i  lora  E      After  bis  Becond  marriage  Mr.  Wolf  loi  tted 

Township,  where  be  fa id  three  years;  then  moved  to  hie  father'    farm 

in   We  I    Pennsborough  Township,  and  remained  four  years.     In  1878  he  boughl 

homestead    when   bi   has    ince  lived,     [n  1878  his  house  was  totally  destroyed  hi  fire   and 

in  iiic    ame  \  ear  he  built  a  large  two  Btory  brick  residence,  al  a  cosl  of  over  $8,1 It  bas 

a  14-inch  wall,  and  contains  67,000  brick.  It  is  a  beautiful  structure,  and  kepi  in  Deal 
order.  Mr.  and  Mrs,  Wolf  are  members  of  the  Reformed  Church,  He  has  held  the  office 
of  school  director;  is  a  member  of  the  I  O.O.  P.  Lodge,  No.  598,  of  Silver  Spring;  has 
held  all  the  offices  in  his  lodge  and  is  now  filling  the  chaplain's  chair,  Ai  present  he  owns 
125  acres.     I  In  his  farm  there  i-  a  sand  bank  vi  bich  yields  very  fine  sand. 

JAI  OB  s\\  n.i'.i;  ZEARING,  count]  commissioner,  P,  0.  Middlesex,  is  a  native  of 
Cumberland  County,  born  in  ShiremanBtown,  January  18,  ISV-I     He  attended  school  and 
neral  store  until  eighteen  years  of  age,  when  he  began  clerking  in  the  drug 
storeof  Dr.  C.  W.  Reile]    presidem  of  the  Harrisburg  Bank.     Fur  8  years  he  was  located  in 
aburg,  engaged  in  the  drug  business  for  himself.  His  present  fine  farm  of  100  acres, 
illy  Bituated  in   Middlesex  Township,   be  purchased  in   L875.     Mr.  Zearing  was 
elected  auditor,  by  the  people  of  Cumberland  County,  in  November,   1SS2.  which  office  he 
held  three  years,  when  he  was  elected  to  his  present  office  of  county  commissioner.  Mr.  Zear- 
bod  of  Jacob  and   Eliza  (Swiler)  Zearing,  both  natives  of  Cumberland  County. 
The  old  gentleman  died  December  35,  1885,  but  bis  widow  is  still  living,  a  member  of  the 
Bethel  Church.     Mr.  and  Mrs  Jacob  Zearing  had  two  sons:  Jacob  8.,  and  Henry  M  ,who 
reman8town.     Our  subject   married,  January  16,    1873,  Miss  Kate  Witmer, 
daughter  of  Jacob  and  Hannah  (Senseman)  Witmer,  both   natives  of  this  county,  and  to 
this  union  were  born  two  children:  Robert  W.  and  Katie   II.     The  mother  died  February 
•J.  1881,  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church.     Mr.  Zearing  is  one  of  our  leading  represent- 
ative citizens,  and  stands  high  in  the  estimation  of  the  people  of  Cumberland  County, 
among  whom  he  has  lived  all  his  life. 

ABRAM  .1.  ZEIGLER,  fanner,  was  born  on  the  old  Zeigler  homestead,  November  5, 
His  father,   \hram  Zeigler,  Sr.,  was  born  in  Montgomery  County,  and  came  to 

Cumberland  County  in  1801.  lie  settled  on  the  farm  uot  far  from  the  North  Mountains. 
in  Middlesex  Township,  now  occupied  by  our  subject.  The  father  married  Elizabeth 
Horner,  of  Cumberland  County,  and  the  son.  in  18(i7.  married  Barbara  Rebbert,  of  the 
Same  county.  The  family  consists  of  five  children,  ail  of  whom  arc  living  <>n  the  bome 
This  farm  was  once  a  portion  of  a  tract  owned  by  one  Kenney,  an  early  Scotch- 
Irish  pioneer.  From  him  it  descended  to  the  Zeigler  family,  the  representatives  of  which 
now  own  a  number  of  fine  farms  in  the  northern  portion  of  Middlesex  Township. 

HENRY   II.  ZEIGLER,  fanner,  is  a    representative  of  one  of  the  old  German    fami- 
lies which,  at  an  earlj  dale,  settled  anions  the  slate  hills  which  extend  for  some  miles 
in  from  the  North  Mountain.     He  was  born  on  the  old  homestead,  in  this  portion  of  Cum- 
berland County,  in  1848,     Philip  Zeifrler,  the  grandfather,  was  the  first  pioneer.     He  set- 
In   farm  where  Abram  Zeigler  now  resides.     Samuel,  the  father  of  Henry  H.,  was 
born  there,  and  the  old   log  building,  part  of  which  was  built  by  David   Elliott,  with  its 
large  chimney  in  the  center,  its  small,  one-pane  window,  and  loop-holes  through  the  logs 
ill  standing.     Philip  Zeigler  had  a  large  family.     Samuel,  his  son,  was  the 
father  of  eight  children,  of  whom  four,  two  bovs  and  two  girls,  are  living.     Of  these, 
Henry,  our  subject,  is  the  eldest  of  the  boys.     Henry  H.  married  the  daughter  of  Jacob 
of   North  Middleton  Township,  Cumberland  County,  in  1870.     His   family  con- 
sists of  two  sons  and  three  daughters,  all  of  whom  are  living  on  the   homestead.     Tbe 
farm  where  our  subject  resides  was  originally  the  ^property  of  |David  Elliott,  a  man  of 
wealth,   and  the  owner  of  -hives  in  tile  early  days.      It  was  also  subsequently  owned  by  the 
'-mis.  who  were  connected  with  the  Elliotts.     Both  of  these  families  are  now  ex- 
tinct, but  their  large  tract  has  been  but  little  subdivided. 


502  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 


CHAPTER   LI. 
MIFFLIN  TOWNSHIP. 

ALFRED  CARL,  farmer,  P.  0.  Newville.  George'Carl  and  his  wife  (who  was  a  Heck- 
adorn)  came  from  Berks  County,  and  settled  near  the  Canigagig  Ridge,  m  Perry  County 
prior  to  1809.  They  reared  a  family  of  children:  George,  Christian  and  Isaiah  (twins), 
John  Adam,  Daniel,  Eliza.  Rachael  and  Fanny.  Of  this  family,  George  learned  the 
blacksmith's  trade,  came  to  this  county  about  the  year  1834,  and  was  married  the  same 
year  to  Margaret  Kulp,  a  native  of  Columbia.  Lancaster  Co.,  Perm.,  but  who  was  a  resi- 
dent of  White  Hill  when  the  nuptials  were  performed;  she.  as  well  as  Mr.  Carl,  is  of  Ger- 
man descent,  her  parents  coming  from  Germany.  The  married  life  of  the  young  couple 
was  commenced  near  the  village  of  LoysviUe,  Perry  County,  but  they  moved  to  White 
Hill  later  and  in  1843  came  to  Mifflin  Township.this  county.locating  at  the  McCormick  Mill, 
in  Doubling  Gap,  where  George  Carl  built  and  conducted  a  smithy  for  twenty^one  years. 
Of  his  children/Alfred,  Mary  A.,  Elizabeth  E.,  and  Margaretta,  were  born  at  White  Hill; 
David  R  was  born  on  the  McCalister  farm,  and  Francis  E.  and  Julia  A.  on  the  homestead 
near  the  mill.  Of  these.  Alfred  Carl  was  born  in  1834,  learned  the  trade  with  his  father, 
and  October  14, 1856.  was  married  to  Elizabeth  L., daughter  of  John  and  Catharine  Oiler,  Kev 
Heffletinger,  of  Newville,  performing  the  ceremony.  Andrew  and  Susannah  (Sweetwood) 
Oiler  grandparents  of  Mrs.  Carl,  were  residents  in  this  county  from  1792;  reared  a  family 
of  twelve  children:  William,  Andrew,  John,  George.  Daniel.  James,  Margaret, Maria,  Gath- 
arine,  Elizabeth,  Susannah  and  Letitia.  Of  these,  John  (father  of  Mrs  Carl)  for  many 
years  was  a  teacher  in  Frankford  and  Mifflin  Townships.  He  married  Catharine  Heffle- 
"nno-er  in  April.  1834.  and  this  union  was  blessed  with  six  children,  all  born  m  this  county. 
Elizabeth,  John.  Catharine,  William.  George  and  Mary  B.  Alfred  Carl  and  his  wife  com- 
menced married  life  at  West  Hill,  West  Pennsborough  Township  where  he  engaged  in 
blacksmith!  ng.  From  there  they  removed  to  Plainfield,  thence  to  Newville,  and,  in  1864, 
to  the  mills  in  Mifflin  Township,  where  he  purchased  the  smithy  of  his  father,  who  bought 
himself  a  nice  farm  near  by.  For  twenty-one  years  our  subject  carried  on  business  there 
earning  his  money  by  the  sweat  of  his  brow.  In  1885,  he  purchased  his  father  s  farm  and 
now  refides  on  it.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Alfred  Carl  have  been  born  eleven  children:  Mary 
E  (wife  of  Henry  H.  Hoover).  Kate  B„  Margaret  L.,  Lizzie  D  Lottie  T  George.  C  ara 
A  Albert  I  Charles  T.,  Millie  A.  and  Morris  R.  This  large  family,  with  the  exception 
ofLetitia,  Lottie  and  Morris  R.,  who  are  deceased,  are  now  residing  beneath  the  Paternal 
roof.  Especial  attention  has  been  paid  to  their  education,  and  all  will  surely  follow  the 
good  example  showed  them  by  their  parents.  .  j-^, 

SAMUEL  CHRISTLIEB,  retire.!,  Newville.  In  the  year  176o  Frederick  Carl  Christ- 
lieb (grandfather  of  Samuel)  emigrated,  with  his  wife,  sous  Frederick  Carl  and  Jacob 
and  step  son  George  Buck,  from  Durkheim,  Rhenish  Bavaria,  to  America,  landing  at 
Baltimore  Md.  The  sons,  who  were  in  their  minority,  located  near  the  boundary  line 
betweeu  Pennsylvania  and  Maryland  and  close  to  the  Susquehanna  River,  where  they  re- 
mained for  several  years.  The  parents,  soon  after  their  arrival  in  Ba  .more  found  their 
way  to  Newville,  this  county,  and  were  among  the  earliest  German  settlers  in  this  locality 
The  mother  died  in  a  few  years,  and  her  remains  were  interred  in  the  Big  Spring  burial- 
grounds.  A  few  years  later  the  father  died  while  en  route  to  a  physician  s  home  in  Vir- 
ginia, where  he  hoped  to  get  relief  from  the  disease  which  caused  his  death  The  family 
did  not  become  permanently  settled  for  several  years  after  their  arrival  in  America 
Charles  Christlieb  and  his  step-brother  George  Buck  came  to  Mifflin  Township  and 
their  brother  Jacob  settled  in  Virginia  Charles  Christlieb  was  born  in  Germany nM 
After  his  marriage  with  Catharine  Umberger,  of  Lebanon,  Penn.,  about  1,80.  he  settled 
in  Mifflin  Township,  this  county.  To  this  union  were  born  six  sons  and  °£*  ^f.;^ 
John  Charles.  Solomon,  George,  Sarah  (married  to  a  Mr.  Koutz)  Isaac  and  Jacob  UwmsX 
who  were  born  in  1791.  Charles  Christlieb  died  in  1837,  aged  eighty-seven,  and  his  widow 
a  few  months  later,  aged  ninety-three.  Jacob,  the  father  of  our  subject  was  married, 
April  13  1834.  to  Julia  Ann  Morritt.  by  whom  he  had  ten  children:  Samuel  Man  J., 
Ann  Elizabeth  Nancy,  Sarah.  David.  Lavina,  Levi  and  Ellen  (twins).  Jacob  Christlieb 
was  a  qui  "t  but  enterprising  farmer,  and  was  noted  for  his  liberality  and  Christian  .spirit. 
He  was  for  almost  three-quarters  of  a  century  a  communing  member  of  the  Luthtian 
Church,  and  from  1833  he  was  a  member  of  Zion  Church  at  Newville.  He  died  at  the 
residence  of  his  son   Samuel,  May,  9,   1884,  aged   ninety-three  years,  one  month  and 


Bubject),  James,  Elizabeth  J.,  Bamuel  I!,  and  Mary  E.  This  1 
Lhefarm,  still  Q*orge  Gillespie's  property,  though  a  few  years 
where  he  lives  a  retired  lit''1      His  wife  died  in  1875,  having  li\ 


Mil  I  Ll\  MW  N8HIP.  ,l):; 

me  days     1 1 i  —  funeral  sermon  was  preached  by  tin'  Rev,  B,  A    Diehl,  from 

bj  himself  \i/..:  '  Daughters  of  Jerusalem,  weep  not  for  inc.  bul  weepforyour- 

gelvea    mi  children."     Luke  zxiii,  28.     He  came  "to  the  grave  in  a  full  age, 

like  as  a  shock  of  corn  cometh  in  its  Beason."    Three  sons,  seven  daughters,  forty  eighl 

grandchildren  and  Bixteen  great-grandchildren  vet  remain  t<>  do  honor  to  his  good  name. 

Our  subject   was  born  .in   tin'  homestead  October  LO,  1886.     In  1851  in-  married  Matilda 

of  Mifflin  Township,  and  their  wedded  life  was  commenced  on  her  father  -  farm, 

mained  twelve  years.    Their  children,  Bsemiah  ('..  Ida  M.  and  William  A.. 

were  |,orn  on  that  farm;  thence  Sir.  Christlieb moved  toa  farm  near  Newburg,  remainin  g 

there  two  years,  when  he  returned  t<>  his  father's  homestead,  where  In'  remained  until 

1882   when  he  purchased  a  neighboring  farm  and  erected  an  imposing  residence,  a  large 

barn  and  commodious  out-buildings,  taking  possession  the  same  year.    Tin'  eldest  dau  ;hti  c 

is  tln>  wife  of  Henry  J.  Whistler;  tin'  oilier  children  reside  at  ho with  their  parents. 

Mr  and  Mrs  Christlieb  an-  a  model  couple  and  are  reverenced  in  their  neighborhood. 

U.r.KUT  S  GILLESPIE,  tanner.  P.  0.  Newville,  horn  September  18,  1*41),  in 
Frankford  Township,  this  county,  is  a  great-grandson  of  William  Gillespie,  a  native  of 
Scotland  who  immigrated  to  America  about  the  year  1700,  and  settled  in  Cecil  County. 
Md  where  he  lived  until  the  year  1766.  He  then  sold  his  plantation  there  and  purchased 
B  v,,- ,,.  ,,  i,  i  of  land  in  what  Is  now  known  as  Frankford  and  Mifflin  Town-hips  Cumber- 
land County.  Hisfamily  consisted  of  ten  children:  Robert.  Margaret,  Samuel,  Eloner, 
\  tthaniel  George  (who  died  in  infancy),  Ann.  William  and  George.  01  these,  the 
youngestson  George,  married  8arah  Young,  of  Cumberland  County,  and  they  reared  a 
family  of  ten  children,  all  of  whom  were  bom  in  Frankford  Township  this  county.  Their 
name",  are  William,  Elizabeth,  Khmer,  Mary,  Nelly.  Margaret,  Ann,  .lames.  Samuel  and 
(if  these  the  youngest  son,  George,  the  only  one  living,  married  Lueinda  I, 
by  whom  he  had  eight  children:    Sarah  B.,  Thomas  G.,   Robert,   Alberts,  (our 

This  large  family  was  reared  on 
rs  since  he  moved  to  Newville, 
lived  to  see  her  children  com- 
fortably "settled  and  the  beautiful  Cumberland  Valley   transformed   into    a    miniature 
paradise       Uberl  S.,  our  subject,  was  married  September  19,  1878,  to  Amelia,  daughter 
T     and   Martha  Stuart,   of  this  county,  Rev.  Erskine.   a   Presbyterian  divine, 
Qg    the   ceremony.     The   housekeeping  of  the   newly   wedded    couple    was    com 
menced  on  the  farm  since  purchased  by  them,  and  which  is  now  one  of  the  most  attractive 
The   neat   brick  residence,  fine  barn  and  commodious  out-buildings  are 
situated  within  a  valley  Hanked  on  three  sides  by  the  Blue  Mountains, which  is  picturesque 
cither   in   summer  or   midwinter.     Their  children,   three   in   number  are    Joseph    S..    M. 

ge  Y.     Mr.  and  Mrs.  Gillespie  are  members  of  the  Presbyterian  Church 

having  remained  true  to  the  faith  of  their  ancestors.  He  has  refused  to  fill  official 
positions  in  the  township,  which,  by  reason  of  irood  judgment  and  a  practical  education,  he 
is  eminently  qualified  for,  but  always  lends  his  influence  toward  the  advancement  of  the 
:  In, mi ional  interests  of  the  township.  The  Gillespies  were  among  the 
flrst  settlers  in  this  pari  of  the  county. 

I  U'lir,  HEMMINGER,  retired,' Newville,  was  born  in  Mifflin  Township,  this  county, 
March  lfi,  1*10.  Hi,  parents,  Jacob  and  Susan  (Ramp)  Hemminger.  were  both  born  in 
Berks  County,  Penn.,  and  with  their  two  children,  John  and  Elizabeth,  came  to  Cumber 
land  County  in  1804,  remaining  the  first  year  with  Mr.  Hemminger's  brother  near  Carlisle, 
Penn.    About  1806  he  purchased  the  farm  where  our  subject  now  resides  and  on  which  he 

was  born.      Two  children.  Mary  and  Catharine,  were  born  on  this  farm  prior  to  Jacob,  and 

:,  was  born  afterward.  Catharine  married  Jacob  Bowman  and,  with  ber  brother 
(of  whom  we  write),  represents  the  entire  Hemminger  family  of  the  original  stock.  The 
house  BOW  owned  by  our  subject  was  built  prior  to  the  purchase  of  the  farm  by  his  father, 
but  has  since  been  repaired  and  is  yet  a  handsome  substantial  dwelling.  Jacob  Hem- 
minger, Sr  ,  was  a  prominent  man  in  the  Lutheran  Church;  he  cared  little  for  politics. 
a    tailor    b\     trade,  which    occupation   he  followed   in   the   winter,   devoting   the 

summer  to  farming.     He  died  in  1880  and  his  widow  in  1862.    Jacob  Hemminger,  Jr., 

■<]  the  homestead  in  183*.  and  in  1*41  wedded  Mary,  daughter  of  Henry  and 
Elizabel  Id  Brehm,   of  this  township,    Rev.   John    Heck    performing    the 

ceremony.     On  the  farm  where  he   was  born   and  reared,  Jacob  and  his  young  Wife  com 

I  their  domestic  life,  and  there  were  born  their  six  children:  John  1)  ,  Samuel  II., 
Susan    M      Elizabeth,   Mary    and    Annie    M.      John    D.   married    Maria  Fry.  and.  alter    her 

Mrs.  Elizabeth  Kre'en.  Samuel  II.  wedded  Martini  J.  Lenny:  Susan  M.  and  Eliza- 
ide  with  their  father;    Annie  M.  is  the  wife  of  Samuel  J.  Zeigler;    Marj  married 

John    B.  Lehman.     Our  subject  learned  the  wl Iwright's  trade  of  John  Albert,  who,   m 

1830,  had  a  shop  near  Conodoguinet  Creek.  A  few  years  later  Mr.  Hemminger  established 
a  shop  on  his  own  farm,  and  has  carried  on  the  business  steadily  for  more  than  halt  a 
century.  He  has  been  a  successful  business  man,  and  has  reared  a  family  who  do  credit, 
to  the  old  name  they  bear.  The  death  of  Mrs.  Hemminger  occurred  in  1857,  since  which 
time  the  daughters'mentioned  above  have  been  housekeepers  for  their  father.     Our  sub- 


504  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

ject  voted  for  Gen.  Jackson  and  Martin  Van  Buren,  but  after  that  time  was  a  Whig,  and 
since  the  formation  of  the  party  has  been  an  ardent  Republican.  He  is  one  of  the  oldest 
living  residents  of  Mifflin  Township,  and  bears  a  reputation  for  honesty  and  uprightness. 
Eight  grandchildren  look  up  to  the  venerable  man,  and  it  is  hoped  that  his  last  days  will 
be  pleasantly  spent  on  the  ancestral  manor  amid  peace,  comfort  and  plenty. 

W    H    McCREA,  teacher,   Newville,  is  a  grandson  of  William   McCrea,  who    left 
County  Tyrone,  Ireland,  for  this  country,  in  June,  1790.  bringing  with  him  his  wife,  Mar- 
garet (Ballentiue).  daughter,  Sarah,  and  an  infant  son,  Walter,wuo  died  on  shipboard  and 
found  a  grave  in  the  broad  Atlantic.     They  settled  the  same  year  near  Newville,  in  West 
Pennsborough  Township,  this  county,  and"  after  residing  there  several  years  moved  to  the 
vicinity  of  Bloserville.  in  Frankford  Township.     William  McCrea  was  a  weaver  by  trade 
and  followed  this  occupation  until  his  death.     To  him  and  his  wife  were  born  eight  chil- 
dren, all  natives  of  this  country  but  the  two  already  mentioned:  Sarah,  wife  ot  James 
Wallace;  Walter  (deceased);  Martha,  wife  of  Alexander  Logan;  Catharine,  wife  ot  Robert 
Giffin-  Margaret,  wife  of  James  Hume;  Jane,  wife  of  Rohi-rt  Fenton;  William,  married 
to  Mary   daughter  of  Henry  and  Elizabeth  (Mentzer)  Snyder,  and  John.     Of  these  .John 
was  born  May  28   1803,   and   followed  the  occupation  of  farmer  until  his  fifty-first  year. 
June  15   1854   he  married  Barbara  M.  Snyder  (sister  of  his  brother  William's  wife),  the 
Rev  Joshua  Evans,  a  Lutheran  divine,  performing  the  ceremony.     Several  years  prior  to 
his  marriage,  John  McCrea  had  purchased  the  mill  property  and  farm  formerly  owned  by 
Samuel  J.  McCormick,  at  sheriff's  sale.    Mr.  McCormick  was  a  noted  man  in  the  valley  in 
his  day,  his  ancestors  being  among  the  first  settlers  of  Doubling  Gap.     For  a  quarter  ot  a 
century  the  mills  were  operated  under  the  supervision  of  Mr.  McCrea.  who  disposed  of  the 
property,  in  1868,  to  Maj.  Henry  Snyder,  but  it  is  still  known  as  the  McCrea  Mills.     1  wo 
children  were  born  to  John  McCrea  and  wife:  W.  H.  and  Mattie  E.,  who  became  the  wite 
of  H   M   Koser,  in  1882.     John  McCrea  died  March  19,  1879,  at  the  ripe  age  ot  seventy- 
six      He  was  born  and  reared  amid  the  privations  attending  a  pioneer's  life  but  in  his 
last  years  witnessed  the  substantial  development  of  his  beloved  county.     His  first   ballot 
was  cast  in  1824  for  Gen.  Jackson,  and  from  that  date  he  never  swerved  from  the  Demo- 
cratic party   in  fifty-five  years  never  missing   an  election,  either  special  or  general.     W. 
H  McCrea.  his  son,  was  born  January  13,  1856,  in  Mifflin   Township.     From  his  early 
childhood  he  showed  a  fondness  for  books,  and  at  an  early  age  was  sent   to  the  oriek 
schoolhouse  near  the  mill,  and  William  M.  Hamilton,  who  was  for  a  number  ot   years  an 
able  instructor,  gave  him  his  first  start.     As  our  subject  increased  in  years  and  knowledge 
a  desire  came  to'him  to  impart  his  information  to  others,  and  he  taught  his  first  term  m 
the  Blean  Schoolhouse,  Mifflin  Township.     The  following  year  he  received  a  course  ot  in- 
struction at  the  normal  school  in  Shippensburg,  after  which,  for  five  consecutive  terms, 
he  taught  in  the  Blean  School,     He  accepted  a  position  in  the  grammar  school  at  New- 
ville in  1880,  and  two  years  later  was  promoted  to  the  position  of  principal,  in  which  he 
has  since  continued.     As  a  practical  educator  he  has  but  few  equals  and  no  superiors  in 
the  county.     Courteous,  social,  talented,  and  coming  from  ancestors  noted  in  this  county 
as  honest  and  practical  men,  the  people  of  Mifflin  Township  have  reason  to  be  proud  ot 
W.  H.  McCrea  who  was  born,  bred,  reared  and  educated  in  their  midst,  and  here  has  de- 
veloped into  one  of  the  most  widely-known  educators  in  the  county. 

LEWIS  C  MEGAW,  farmer,  P.  O.  Newville,  is  a  grandson  of  James  and  Sarah 
(Murrell)  McGaw,  who  were  married  in  West  Chester,  Chester  Co.,  Penn..  November  ~7, 
1804.  James  McGaw  was  a  native  of  Belfast,  Ireland,  whence  he  emigrated  in  conse- 
quence of  participating  in  a  rebellion  against  the  crown  of  England.  In  181  <  he  came  to 
Mifflin  Township.  Cumberland  Co.,  Penn..  with  his  wife  and  one  son,  Samuel,  settling 
on  the  John  Cutshall  farm.  He  also  owned  the  farm,  now  the  property  of  John  Hurst, 
which  remained  iu  the  McGaw  family  from  1817  to  1883.  He  was  in  his  day  a  prominent 
local  Democratic  politician,  and,  although  not  a  member,  he  was  an  ardent  supporter  ot 
the  Presbyterian  Church,  contributing  largely  to  the  Big  Spring  Church.  His  son  Sam- 
uel was  born  April  17,  1807;  was  married  about  1826  to  Elizabeth  Gurrell.  who  was  born 
in  Newville  Penn.,  and  whose  entire  life  was  passed  in  Cumberland  County,  lheir 
domestic  life  was  commenced  on  his  father's  farm,  where  their  children— Sarah,  James, 
Belle  Jane  Mary  and  Scott— were  born.  When  Samuel  McGaw  came  to  the  farm  where 
our  subject  now  lives,  he  was  accompanied  by  his  mother,  who  made  her  home  with  him 
until  her  death.  On  this  farm  were  born  the  other  children  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Samuel  Mc- 
Gaw John  George,  Lewis  C.  and  Ellen.  All  of  the  ten  children  reached  adult  age. 
George  enlisted  in  Company  F,  Seventeenth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  in  1861 ;  was  captured  at 
Brandy  Station  in  1868,  and  confined  in  Libby  Prison,  from  whence,  a  few  months  later, 
the  gallant  soldier  was  carried  an  emaciated  corpse.  Lewis  C.  Megaw.  our  subject^  was 
born  February  24  1845.  Leaving  home  in  1870  he  began  lumbering  m  Clinton  and  potter 
Counties,  Penn..  and  Allegany,  N.  Y.  Returning  to  this  county  in  1876  he  was  married  to 
Miss  Julia,  daughter  of  George  and  Margaret  (Kulp)  Carl.  Mr.  Megaw  and  his  young 
wife  commenced  housekeeping  on  the  farm  where  he  was  born  and  reared,  and  here  tour 
children  were  born  to  them:  Samuel,  George.  Florence  and  Grace.  Mr.  Megaw  has 
been  an  enterprising  and  prosperous  farmer,  and,  like  his  ancestors  before  him,  has  taken 


MIFFLIN    TOWNSHIP.  506 

I    pari  in  local  politics.      He    has    been  elected  an    official  of  the  township  several 
'terms    which  of  itself  IS  sufficient  proof  that  he  lias  served  his  constituents  faithfully  and 

Wrll   '  c0)  ,  family  of  the  highest  respectability  and  having  a  wife  belonging  to 

afamil]  Lb  rmon  than  a  century  has  been  identified  with  the  growth  and  prosperity 
of  Cumberland  ( lounty,  it  is  with  pleasure  that  a  place  is  given  them  in  the  history.  The 
name  was  McGaw  originally,  but   the  children  have  by  common  consent  changed  it  to 

lUt  it  still  shines  as  brightly    now  as   did  that    id'  .lames  McGaw,  "ho  had  to  flee 

fornis  lite  from  the  isle  of  fain 

JOSEPH  MINMi  II.  farmer,  P.  0  Newville,  is  a  son  of  Daniel  Minnich,  who  came 
with  hi- parent- from  Perry  to  Berks  County,  l'enn.in  1808.  There  were  a  number  of 
sturdy  sons  and  daughters,  and  a  farm  was  purchased,  on  which  not  only  the  grandparents 
i,,lt  a'Ko  tin  parents  of  our  subjeel  lived  and  died    Daniel  Minnich  (son  of  George  Minnich) 

WU  married  to  Mai  \    Ko/cr,  in  1823,  and  about  that  date  purchased  the  homestead  in  this 

eount>.  Their  children  were  as  follows:  Jeremiah,  John,  Eliza,  Daniel,  William,  Joseph, 
David'.  George,  Andrew  and  Columbus  Of  these,  Eliza  is  the  wife  of  Daniel  M.  Derr,  and 
she  and  our  subject  reside  in  this  county,  William  was  a  soldier  during  the  late  war  of 

ellion,  the  others  remaining  on  the  farm.     Joseph  Minnich  was  married.  .May  is, 

lsti")   to  Catharine  A  .  daughter  of  Samuel  and  .Mary  Collor,  of  Perry  County.  Penn.,  the 

being  performed  by  the  Rev.  Peter  Song,  a  Lutheran  divine.     They  commenced 

in    1869,  on    the    Westhafer  farm,  near   Green  Bpring.     Tin'  first   years  of 

wedded  life  were  spent  on  the  farm  with  his  parents,  and  there  Ida  E.  and  Annie  M.  were 

!i nh  -on.  Daniel,    was  horn  on  the  Woodlmm   farm  near  Newville.     In  1880 

Mr,  Minnich  purchased  a  nice  farm  near  the  pleasant  village  of  Newville,  and  he  is  con- 
jjrl,  red  0ne  ol  tin  prosperous  farmers  of  Mifflin  Township,  ranking  high  in  the  estimation 
,,f  the  public  a-  a  good  business  manager.  The  home  is  made  pleasant  by  the  comforts 
which  come  to  those  who  make  their  money  honestly,  and  bj  the  good  taste  of  mother 
liters  The  parents  arc  worthy  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church  and  have  reared 
their  children  in  that  faith. 

MICHAEL  SHAMBAUGH,  farmer,  P.  O.  Newville.    It  is  safe  to  say  that  George 
igh,   the  grandfather  of  Michael,  came  to  Cumberland  County  prior  to  the  year 

nis,  of  whom  no  history  can  be  obtained,  had  two  sons  and  several  daugh- 
ters, but  ..ill v  tin-  son-,  George  and  Philip,  can  be  located,  both  of  whom  settled  in  Frank- 
ford  Township,  thi8  county,  and  George's  youngest  son,  John,  horn  in  this  township,  and 
now  ninety-two  years  of  age,  resides  in  Harrison  County,  Ohio.  His  sons  were  named 
John  and  Philip,  and  there  was  one  daughter,  Catharine,  who  married  Ja- 

i/.  of  Richland  County,   Ohio.     Philip,   the  youngest  son,   married  Elizabeth, 

r  of  Adam  and  Man  Kessler,  of  Perry  County,  who  was  horn  in  Frankford  Town- 
ship, this  county,  in  1798.  At  the  time  of  his' marriage  Philip  Shamhaugh  resided  in  l'erry 
County,  and  lie  commenced  housekeeping  in  Toboyne  Township,  where  he  afterward 
purclia-cd  :i  farm.  To  him  and  his  wife  w.  re  horn  seven  children,  of  whom  John,  Sarah, 
Mary  and  Michael  are  living.  Michael,  the  last  named,  was  married,  in  the  autumn  of 
1851,  to  Mary  A.,  daughter  Of  Daniel   and  Esther  Cutshall,    of  Toboyne   Township,    l'erry 

in     'Tlie\   commenced  wedded  life  on  the  paternal  homestead  with  but  little  of 

this  world's  g is  ($80     Lm1  they  went  to  work  with  a  will,  and  he  soon  purchased  an  in- 

if  one   of  the  heir-,   and  when   the  place  was  sold,  after  the  death  of  his  father,    he 

owned  half  the  proceeds.      Four  children  were  born  on  the  homestead      the  first  died  in  in- 

I    ivina  J.,   Josiah  and  Isaac.     Josiah  married    Bessie    Kroner.    Isaac 

married  wait,  and  Lavina  is  the  wife  of  John  Hoover.    All  have  done  well, 

and  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Shambaugh  may  congratulate  themselves  on  having  such  reprcsenta- 

ln  1868  OUT  subject  and  his 'family  came  to  Mitllin  Township,  this  county,  and  af- 
ter n  ntinghis  farm  for  one  year,  purchased  it,  and  has  since,  by  economical  habits  and 
industry,  earned  enough  to  pay  for  the  splendid  tract,  and  on  this  farm  the  youngest  son, 
John  F".  was  born.     For  an  upright,  conscientious  man  Mr.  Shambaugh  ranks  high  in  the 

ion  of  his  neighbors,  and  those  who  know  him  best  testify  to  his  mental  and 
moral  worth.  He  has  a  fine  farm  and  comfortable  home,  and  has  never  made  a  dollar 
dishonestl] 


506  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 


CHAPTER  LII. 
MONROE   TOWNSHIP. 

GEORGE  BELTZHOOVER,  farmer,  Boiling  Springs.  The  grandfather  of  the  sub- 
iect  of  this  sketch,  George  Beltzhoover,  the  first  of  this  name  of  whom  we  find  any 
record  served  in  the  war  of  1812;  moved  from  York  County  to  this  county,  and  here 
bought  land  He  was  the  father  of  eight  children  by  his  first  wife:  Catharine,  Michael, 
George  Elizabeth,  Jacob,  John,  Raehael  and  Sarah;  by  his  second  marriage  with  a  Mrs. 
Gross  he  had  one  sou,  Daniel,  who  lived  to  be  over  seventeen  years  of  age.  His  son, 
John  was  born  in  York  Countv,  Penn.,  in  1798.  came  to  this  county  with  his  father  when 
a  boy  and  became  a  farmer.  He  married  Margaret  Smith,  in  1822,  and  had  three  chil- 
dren- George.  Anne  and  Mahala.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  Beltzhoover  were  members  of  the 
Lutheran  Church;  in  politics  he  was  a  Republican.  He  was  a  land-holder  (part  of  the  es- 
tate is  still  in  the  family),  and  lived  on  his  farm  near  Boiling  Springs  over  fifty  years. 
His  house  was  the  scene  of  one  of  the  most  cowardly  and  brutal  robberies  ever  per- 
petrated. At  the  time  (July  29,  1878),  his  household  consisted  of  his  aged  wife,  over 
seventy-sis  years  of  age,  a  female  servant,  sixty  years  old,  and  himself,  about  eighty. 
The  old  gentleman  and  lady  slept  down  stairs  and  were  awake  at  the  time  the  robbers  ef- 
fected an  entrance,  who  bound  him  and  his  servant  with  a  cord  from  the  bed,  after  beat- 
ing Mr.  Beltzhoover  with  a  club  until  his  head  was  cut  open.  The  old  lady,  though 
treated  roughly,  was  not  injured  severely,  and  was  forced  to  act  as  their  guide.  Bureau 
drawers  were  ransacked  and  were  "thrown  on  her  feet  so  that  the  nails  came  off  her 
toes  "  and  their  contents  scattered  on  the  floor;  the  house  was  thoroughly  searched  for 
about  two  hours  and  over  $100  in  silver  coin  and  greenbacks  secured.  The  alarm  was 
o-iven  by  the  servant,  who  worked  herself  loose  and  made  her  escape  while  the  robbers 
were  in  the  house,  and  saved  the  house  from  fire  and  probably  the  lives  of  the  aged  couple, 
by  bringing  timelv  assistance.  Word  was  sent  to  all  the  different  places  in  the  county 
and  a  reward  of  $100  offered  for  their  arrest.  Constables  Johnston  and  Altland.  of  Dills- 
bur^  trot  on  their  trail  the  morning  after  the  robbery  and  tracked  them  to  a  barn  about 
six  miles  below  Dillsburg,  where  they  were  secreted  in  a  hay-mow.  On  going  in  one  en- 
tered on  his  toes  and  the  other  on  his  heels.  In  the  morning  the  constables  searched  the 
hay-mow  but  failed  to  find  them,  but  in  the  evening  the  barn  was  again  visited,  and  on 
hearing  a  slight  noise  in  the  mow  they  proceeded  to  the  spot  and  probed  with  a  pitch- 
fork when  one  of  them  said  he  would  come  out.  Two  rough  looking  men  crawled  from 
their  hiding  place,  and  were  immediately  taken  before  Mr.  and  Mrs  Beltzhoover,  who 
identified  them  as  being  the  party  who  twenty-four  hours  before  had  disturbed  their  quiet 
home  by  cowardly  ill-treating  and  robbing  them.  J.  C.  Lehman  Esq.,  of  Boiling  bprmgs, 
before  whom  they  were  next  taken,  then  committed  them  to  jail.  One  of  the  men  came 
from  Pottsville  and  the  other  from  Harrisburg,  and  their  names  were  John  Lemon  ana 
John  Myers,  both  of  whom  were  recognized  by  the  jail  officials  as  tramps,  both  being 
young-men  not  over  twenty-one  years  of  age,  heavy  set.  but  not  tall.  On  being  searched 
the  money  taken  from  Mrs.  Beltzhoover  was  recovered,  also  a  watch  and  chain  two  re- 
volvers and  a  razor.  The  money  was  equally  divided  between  them.  Mr.  Beltzhoover 
paid  the  reward  at  once.  The  prisoners  were  sent  to  the  penitentiary.  Mr.  Beltzhoover 
lived  to  be  nearly  eighty-four  years  of  age.  considered  one  of  the  best  citizens  of  the  county, 
and  always  contributed  largely  of  his  means  to  build  up  the  township.  _  George  Beltz- 
hoover, son  of  the  above,  was  born  in  Monroe  Township,  this  county,  m  1823,  on  his 
grandfather's  farm.  He  married,  in  184G,  Miss  Maria  C.  Niesley.  of  this  county,  daughter 
of  Jacob  Nieslev,  and  this  union  was  blessed  with  six  children:  Mary  E  John  A.,  Mar- 
garet A..  Maria  C,  Clara  E.  and  Monroe  C.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  George  Beltzhoover  are  mem- 
bers of  the  Lutheran  Church.     In  politics  he  is  a  Republican.  _ 

JOSEPH  BKRKHKIMER,  farmer,  P.  O.  Mechanicsl.urg.  was  born  m  \ork  Lounty, 
Penn  July  14  1833.  His  grandfather,  Valentine  Berkheimer,  was  born  in  same  county, 
and  w'as  a  fuller  by  trade.  He  married  Elizabeth  Lauchs,  of  York  County,  and  had  eight 
children:  John,  Samuel,  Henry,  George,  Andrew.  Elizabeth.  Catharine  and  Leah. _  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church;  in  politics,  a  strong  Democrat  John  Berkheimer 
our  subject's  father,  a  shoemaker  by  trade,  was  also  born  m  Y.rk  County  in i  1803; ,  was 
married  to  Miss  Lydia,  daughter  of  John  and  Elizabeth  (Sifert)  Slothower  To  this  union 
were  born  the  following  children:  Joseph,  Henry,  Catharine,  Susan,  Elizabeth  Le^h 
and  Rebecca.     He  was  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church;  in  politics,  a  Democrat.     He 


MONROE    TOWNSHIP.  507 

was  honest  and  industrious,  a  kind  f:itlu-r  and  husband,  and  died  in  his  seventy  sixth  year. 
Our  Bubject  who  learned  carpentering,  came  in  1851  to  this  county,  and  followed  his 
t,.,,!,.  i„  1858  in-  married  Miss  Catharine,  daughter  of  Jacob  and  Fannie  (Musser) 
Bckerl  Thisunion  has  been  blessed  with  seven  children:  John,  Agnes,  Alice,  Joseph,  Mar 
earet  Jacob  and  George  Subject  and  wife  are  members  of  the  German  Reformed  Church. 
I,,  [883  tie  moved  with  his  family  to  his  present  residence.  Politically, like  his  father,  Mr. 
Berkheimer  i-  B  Democrat  In  1864  he  enlisted  al  Carlisle  in  Company  F,  Two  Hundred 
and  Ninth  Regiment,  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry,  for  one  year;  went  with  his 
company  to  Baltimore;  and  thence  to  City  Point;  from  there  to  Point  of  Rocks,  where  a 

severe  battle  was  fought;   thirteen  were  killed  or  taken  prisoners  from  Company  F  alone. 

Mr.  Berkheimer  was  in  another  battle  at  Mead's  Station,  when-  the  regiment  suffered 
severely,  Company  F  losing  fourteen  men— seven  killed  and  sewn  takes  prisoners— includ- 
ing Henry  Lee,  of  Carlisle,  who  was  badly  wounded       The  war  closing,  Mr.  Berkheimer 

returned  to  Harrisburg,  where  be  was  mustered  out   in   1865.       When  he  went  to  war   Mr. 

Berkheimer  lefl  a  family  consisting  of  Ins  wife  and  live  small  children,  who  may  now 
point  «ith  pride  to  their  father's  record  as  a  soldier.      Mrs.  Berkheimer's  great-grand- 
i  i  keit  came  from  German]  when  a  young  man,  and  settled  in  fork  County,  Penn., 
,,v,r  b  hundred  years  ago,  and  folk. wed  the  business  of  a  real  estate  dealer,  but  subse- 
quently moved  to  Lancaster  Countv,  Penn..  and  there  died.      Of  his  four  children,  two 
were  sons;    Michael  and  Philip.    Michael  was  born  in  York  County,  a  wagonmaker  by 
married  Catharine  Young,  of  York  Countv.  and  had  the  following  named  children: 
Henry,  John,  Jacob  (father  oi   Mrs.  Berkheimer),  George,  Henry.  Mary  and  Elizabeth. 
Michael  Bckerl  was  a  member  of  the  German  Reformed  Church,  a  sober,  industrious  man. 
always  attentive  to  his  business.    Jacob  Eckerl  was  born  in  York  County  in  1808;  learned 
wagon-making;  married  Miss  Fanny  Mercer,  of  York  County,  and  had  a  family  of  six 
children:     Michael,  John,  Joseph,  Catharine  (Mrs.  Berkheimer).  Susan  and   Fannie.      In 
Eckerl  moved  to  this  county,  and  in  1878  to  his  present  farm,  and  is  now  a  ven- 
erable gentleman,  who  has  lived  an  honorable  and  valuable  life. 

GE<  IRGE  M.  BRANDT,  manufacturer  and  postmaster,  Brandtsville.  Martain  Brandt, 
the  great-grandfather,  «  ho  emigrated  from  Hummelstown,  Dauphin  Co.,  Penn.,  to  Cum- 
berland Countv,  I 'en  n.  in  177:i.  built  a  stone  house  in  1776,  a  barn  in  1777,  and  a  large  man- 
sion in    177H.    '  The  two  houses  tire   in  good  condition  to-day.  and  are  now  owned  by 
Henrv  Hescy.     He  was  a  large  land-holder,  owning  about  1.000  acres  of  land.    He  had 
six  children:     Catherine.  Martain.   Het/.y.  Adam.  David  and  Henrietta.     Martain  Brandt, 
Sr..  departed  this  life  March  26,  1885,  aged  eighty-five  years,  live  months  and  fifteen  days. 
Barbra  Brandt,  wife  of  Martain  Brandt,  departed  this  life  February  26,  isr>5,  aged  seventy- 
ears,  eleven  months  and  sixteen  days.     Martain  Brandt.  Jr.,  grandfather  of  Geo.M. 
Brandt,  was  born  on  the  homestead,  in  this  township,  inherited  from  his  father  and  which 
n  in  the  family  since  1773.     He  was  also  a  manufacturer,  and  built  a  saw-mill  and  a 
clover-mill.     He  married  Miss  Catherine  Beltzhoover,  of  this  county,  October  16,  1810, 
who  bore  him  six  children:     Rachel,  Michael  G,  Samuel,  George,  Henry  and  Sarah.     He 
leath  by  an  accident,  caused  by  a  runaway  team,  arid  died  July  24,  1833,  in  his 
fortj  ninth   year.      His  widow  lived  to  be  eighty-four,  and   was  remarkably  well   and 
tp   to  her  last  day.     Michael  G.,  the  oldest  son  of  this  couple,  born   in   the  old 
homestead  August  23.  1816.  was  a  fanner  and  manufacturer,  carrying  on  the  business  of 
his  father,     lie  married.  April  5,  1816.  Miss  Eleanor,  daughter  of  Jacob  Emmett,  of  York, 
York    Co.,    Penn.,   and    to    this    union    were  born  seven  children:     Henrietta  K..  Ocorge 
M..  Jennie  M     Jacob  E.,  Samuel  11..  l.ydia  E.  and  Annie  K.     He  erected  the  homestead, 
workhouse,  and.  in  fact,  most  of  the  buildings  on  the  property,      lie   manufactured  both 
r  and  lumber.     He  was  a  very  prominent  man,  and  did  a  large  busi- 
ron  on    and   Other  enterprises,    among  which    was  buying   and  selling  stock,      lie 
and  his  wife  were  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church.    In  politics  he  was  a  Republican.   He 
iberal  man  and  did  a  great  ileal  for  the  poor,  and  some  of  the  neighbors  depended 
on  him  for  any  aid  the]   might  require,  and  he  acted  as  bondsman  for  many  men.     \\  hen 
tin-  railroad  was  built  through  Brandtsville,  he  assisted  the  enterprise  in  every  waj      lb 
remembered  for  his  mild  and  pleasant  ways  and  honorable  dealings.     George  M. 
abject,  was  born  on  the  old  home-lead   July  2.  1848,  and  passed  his  early- 
days   assisting  'his    father.     June  20,  1872,   he    married   Miss  Mary   C.  Lehman,    of  ibis 
County,  ami  to  tbi-  union  were  born  seven  children:      Bertha  G.,   Ellen  E  ,   Eva    R.,  Laura 
F...   Mary  C,   Michael  L.  and  Many  (J.      Mr.   Brandt  lives  with  his  large  family  on  the  old 
homestead,  and  on   land   which    has  been   in  the  family  for  11:;  yeaTS       He  carries  on  the 
ture  0]  lumber  and  red  and  yellow  ocher,  and  conducts  a  coal  yard  and  ware- 
two  farms.  He  is  postmaster  of  Brandtsville.   In  politics  he  is  a  Republican. 

He  is  a  man  .if  most  excellent  reputation  and  sta  business   man. 

DAY1I>  L.  CLARK,  farmer.  P.  < ).  Mechanicsburg,  Penn.     The  family  originated  in 

England.      John  Clark,  the  grandfather  of  David  I.  .  was  born  there  in  1727,  and  e;ime  n, 

America  when  a  1 :  man    be  married  in  this  county,  and  became  tie-  father  of  seven 

children— four  sons:     John.  Thomas,   James   and   William,    and    three   daughters,     John 
Clark.  Sr..  entered  300  acres  of  land,  and  built  the  first  flouring-mill  in  this  county  on  the 


508  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

Yellow  Breeches  Creek;  lived  to  be  nearly  seventy-nine  years  old,  and  was  greatly  re- 
spected for  his  sterling  worth.  William  Clark,  the  father  of  our  subject,  was  born  in 
Cumberland  County,  Penn.,  October  12,  1768;  married  Sarah  Lamb,  March  5,  1-98,  and 
had  eleven  children— nine  sons  and  two  daughters.  He  inherited  half  of  his  father  s  prop- 
erty (150  acres  of  land  and  the  mill),  and  was  a  prominent  man  .in  the  community,  serving 
as  -justice  of  the  peace  for  more  than  twenty  years.  One  of  his  sons,  Iiichey  Clark  of 
Dillsburg  Penn.,  inherited  72  acres  of  the  original  tract,  and  which  has  thus  remained  in 
the  Clark  family  for  more  than  140  years.  David  L.  Clark,  the  present  representative  of 
the  family  in  this  county,  was  born  June  13,  1808,  on  the  banks  of  the  \ellow  Breeches 
Creek,  at  Clark's  mill,  this  county.  He  married  Elizabeth  Mumper  May  1,  1828,  and  to 
this  union  were  born  four  sons  and  four  daughters:  William,  John,  Andrew  A..  David  K., 
Sarah  A  Margaret  J.,  Hannah  C.  and  Mary  E.— all  living  but  one  that  died  in  infancy. 
Our  subject  lived  one  year  at  the  mill  after  marriage,  and  then  began  farming  on  his 
father's  farm  near  Mechanicsburg,  where  he  remained  eighteen  years,  and  at  his  fathers 
death  the  farm  became  his  by  inheritance.  'He  has  resided,  in  all,  thirty-four  years  on  this 
one  farm  In  18fi2  he  built  his  present  residence  at  the  Trindle  road.  Mr.  Clark  has 
been  a  consistent  member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  for  nearly  fifty  years  an  elder  in  it 
lor  the  past  twenty-five  years,  and  is  now  the  oldest  male  member  of  the  Mechanicsburg 
Church  Never  an  office  seeker,  he  has  held  some  minor  offices,  being  a  strong  Repub- 
lican in  a  Democratic  county.  That  Mr.  Clark  has  always  been  true  to  his  convictions, 
and  had  full  faith  in  the  Government  in  the  dark  days  of  its  trials  in  1863,  is  shown  by  the 
fact  that  though  while  he  was  building  his  present  substantial  brick  residence^  tlie  great 
battle  of  Gettysburg  was  being  fought  about  25  miles  away,  yet  he  continued  his  building 
at  the  time  of  Gen.' Lee's  invasion  of  Pennsylvania.  ,,..,•* 

CYRUS  DORNBACH,  farmer,  P.  O.  Mechanicsburg.  The  Dornbaeh  family  is  of 
German  origin,  and  came  to  this  country  at  a  period  long  antedating  the  Revolutionary 
war.  The  great-grandfather  of  our  subject  was  born  in  Lancaster  County,  Penn.  and  was 
the  first  of  the  name  of  whom  we  have  any  record.  George  Dornbaeh  (grandfather  of 
Cyrus)  was  also  born  in  Lancaster  County,  Penn.,  married  Mary  Brenicer,  of  the  same 
county  and  had  the  following  children:  John,  Jacob,  Elizabeth,  Annie,  Catharine  and 
Sarah.'  Mr.  and  Mrs.  George  Dornbaeh  were  members  of  the  German  Baptist  Church. 
Their  son  John,  was  born  on  his  father's  farm,  in  Lancaster  County,  Penn..  in  1799;  was 
a  miller  by  trade.  In  1829  he  married  Miss  Sarah  Mohler,  of  same  county,  and  this  union 
was  blessed  with  two  children:  Levi  M.  and  Cyrus.  In  1832  John  Dornbaeh  removed 
with  his  family  to  this  county,  and  settled  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  his  son  Cyrus.  He 
was  a  German  Baptist,  as  was  also  his  wife.  In  politics  he  was  a  strong  Republican.  He 
was  a  thoroii'di-going  business  man,  honest  and  upright  in  all  his  dealings,  and  at  his 
death  owed  no  man  a  dollar.  He  was  universally  respected  by  his  friends  an  d  neighbors, 
being  a  kind  hearted,  generous  man.  Cyrus  Dornbaeh,  Jr.,  was  born  on  his  father  s  farm, 
in  this  county,  in  1835,  and  has  passed  his  entire  life  on  the  same  land.  In  1861  he  married 
Miss  Sarah  Mater,  of  this  county,  and  to  them  were  born  Ulysses  G.,  John  V.,  Alice  b., 
Sarah  M.,  Cora  E.,  Mabel  D..  Noah  and  Rosa  C.  Mrs.  Dornbaeh  is  a  member  of  the 
United  Brethren  Church.     Cvrus  Dornbaeh  is  a  Republican  in  politics. 

CHRISTIAN  FULMER," farmer,  P.  O.  Mechanicsburg.  Christian  Fulmer,  the  grand- 
father of  our  subject,  was  born  near  Strasburg,  Germany.  He  was  the  father  of  two-sons: 
Christian  and  one  who  was  killed  in  the  French  Army  under  Napoleon  Bonaparte  in  the 
war  for  religious  freedom  which  was  waged  against  the  Pope  of  Rome.  Christian  Ful- 
mer was  born  in  1791;  married  Sarah  Peifer  and  had  six  children:  Elizabeth,  Christian, 
Charles, George,  Barbara  and  Leah.  About  1830  he  moved  to  this  country  with  his  family, 
the  mother  wishing  her  sons  to  escape  the  rigid  military  regulation  of  that  country,  where 
all  males  of  proper  age  are  subject  to  enrolment.  The  family  landed  in  Baltimore,  and, 
findin"  relatives,  came  by  their  advice  to  Mechanicsburg,  this  county,  where  Mr.  h  ulmer 
found' work  at  his  trade.  He  later  removed  to  Pittsburgh,  Penn.,  remaining  but  a  short 
time,  however.  He  died  March  19,  1843.  He  was  a  very  pious  man,  a  member  of  the 
Lutherau  Church.  Christian  Fulmer,  our  subject,  was  born,  (as  was  his  father  before  him) 
near  Strasburg,  Germany,  and  came  to  this  country  with  the  family  when  a  lad  of  eleven 
years.  He  underwent  "great  privations  when  young,  and  could  go  to  school  but  little. 
His  father  being  sick  and  very  poor,  young  Christian  early  began  to  assist  the  family  by 
hard  work  and  perseverance,  helping  his  parents  greatly  until  their  death.  Among  our 
subiect's  earliest  remembrances  is  the  time  when  he  was  with  the  other  children  at  his 
mother's  knee,  listening  to  the  lessons  taught  by  Christ  in  the  New  Testament,  Mr  Fulmer 
greatly  reveres  his  mother's  name, for  it  was  she  who  taught  him  the  principles  of  honesty, 
laylngthat  "An  honest  heart  will  prevail."  In  early  life  our  subject  learned  the  trade  of 
carpenter  In  1844  he  married  Miss  Catharine  Myers,  and  to'them  were  born  four  children: 
Edmond  Christian,  Susan  and  Catharine.  After  marriage  Mr.  Fulmer  lived  a  short  time  m 
Mechanicsburg  and  then  moved  to  his  present  residence.  At  that  time  the  farm  was 
small  but  by  diligence,  hard  work  and  economy,  more  land  was  gradually  bought  and  the 
farm  increased.  He  is  a  man  who  loves  honesty  and  carefulness,  and  teaches  his  children 
the  principles  of  truth  and  uprightness.     His  son  Edmond  married  Miss  Mary  Plough, 


MONROE   TOWNSHIP.  509 

of  Tiii—  county,  and  has  two  children:  Mary  A.  and  Sarah  B  His  daughter  Susan  married 
John  Warner,  of  this  county,  and  baa  two  children:  F.  Christian  and  Blanche.  Mr.  Ful- 
mer  is  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church,  and  is  a  very  religious  man.  Be  has  had  man; 
Borrows,  bul  puts  his  trusl  in  Him  whodoeth  all  things  well  for  bis  final  reward. 

JOHN  a.  GARVER,  German  Baptisl  minister,  P.  O.  Allen,  is  a  grandson  of  Benja- 
min Garver,  who  was  born  iii  Lancaster  County,  Penn.,  about  the  year  1771,  his  ancestors 
migrated  from  German]  at  an  earl j  date.  Benjamin  Garverwasa  farmer  and  land- 
holder, and  moved  from  Lancaster  to  Franklin  County,  Penn.,  at  an  early  date,  where  the 
following  named  children  were  born:  John,  Daniel.  Samuel,  Benjamin,  Joseph,  Susan  and 
Sarah.  He  lived  to  be  Bixty  Ave  year-  of  age.  His  son  Benjamin,  father  of  our  Bubject, 
w  as  born  in  1810  in  Franklin  County,  Penn.,  and  began  life  for  himself  as  a  teamster.  In 
1886  he  married,  and  in  1887  bought  a  farm  in  Franklin  County,  Penn  He  was  the  father 
of  eleven  children:  Elizabeth,  John  B.,  David,  Levi.  Benjamin.  Samuel,  Daniel,  Christian, 
Amanda.  William  and  Abraham.     Benjamin  Carver  moved  to  Huntingdon  County,  Penn., 

in  ISal;   was  a  member  of  the  (unman   Baptist  Church.      He  was  a  sober,  industrious  man, 

noted  for  hi-  energy  and  honesty.  John  B.,  our  subject,  was  born  October  11,  1840,  on 
his  father's  farm  in  Franklin  County,  Penn.  He  received  his  education  in  the  common 
schools  and  at  the  academy  at  Shirleysburg,  Penn.  At.  the  age  of  twenty-two,  becoming 
interested  in  religion,  he  joined  the  German  Baptist  Church.  The  next  year  he  was  elected 
minister  by  the  congregation.  He  began  preaching  immediately  in  Huntingdon  County, 
Penn.  In  1868  he  mat  tied  .Miss  Sarah  8.,  daughter  of  Samuel  Loutz,  of  Huntingdon 
County.  Penn.  To  them  were  born  two  children:  Ira  A.  and  Loretta  A.  In  1870  bis  wife 
died,  and  in  1873  he  married  Miss  Sarah  I)  ,  daughter  of  George  and  Sarah  (Baker)  Brin- 
dle.  of  Cumberland  County,  and  by  her  he  has  two  children:  Lizzie  B.  and  Paulina  E. 
In  1875  Mr  Garver  moved  to  this  county  and  began  preaching.  He  and  his  wife  are 
beloved  by  their  congregation  and  the  people  for  their  Christian  worth  and  high  charac- 
ter. Mrs.  Garver  is  a  member  of  one  of  the  oldest  families  in  Monroe  Township,  her 
great-grandfather  emigrating  from  Germany  years  ago.  and  was  subsequently  drowned 
re  >ssing  the  ocean,  on  a  visit.  George  Brindle  (Mrs.  Garvcr's  grandfather)  was  born 
in  Cumberland  County,  Penn.,  and  was  a  farmer,  land-holder  and  distiller  in  Monroe 
Township.  He  married  Elizabeth  Bricker,  of  this  county,  by  whom  he  had  six  children: 
John.  George,  Peter.  Solomon,  Elizabeth  and  Susan.  He  was  a  member  of  the  German 
Reformed  Church.  George  Brindle  (father  of  Mrs.  Carver)  was  born  in  this  township  in 
rrieil  Sarah  Baker,  daughter  of  Daniel  and  Barbara  (Keller)  Baker,  of  Lancaster 
County.  Penn..  by  whom  he  had  seven  children:  Cyrus.  Elizabeth,  Amos.  Barbara, 
George  and  Sarah  D.  (twins).  Mr.  George  Brindle  was  a  very  prosperous  man, 
ter  of  the  State  Legislature,  and  held  other  offices  of  trust.  He  was  administrator 
of  a  number  of  estates  and  guardian  of  several  families  of  children.  He  lived  to  the  patri- 
archal age  of  eighty-five,  respected  by  all.  and  his  death  was  deeply  lamented  by  his 
many  friends. 

JOHN   HERTZLER,   farmer.  P.  O.  Allen.     The  grandfather  of  the  subject  of  bur 
ter  during  his  lifetime,  was  born  in  Lancaster  County,  Penn.,  in  1773.  and 
married   Miss  Maty  Brubaker,  of  same  county,  by  whom  he  had  nine  children:  Annie. 
Mary,  Christian,   Elizabeth.  John,  Barbara,   Abraham  arid  Rudolph.     He  was  a 
respected  member  of  the  Mennonite  Church.    Abraham,  the  father  of  our  subject,  was 
born  in  Lancaster  County,  Penn.,  in  1812,  and  passed  his  early  life  on  his  father's  farm. 
In  1887  he  married   Miss  Mary  Bender,  of  Lancaster  County.  Penn.     To  this  union  were 
bom  nine  children:  Rudolph.  Christian.  Michael,  Charles,  John.  Elizabeth.  Daniel,  Mary 
and  Am  I-.     Abraham  Hertzlcr  moved  to  Cumberland  County  in  1852,  and  is  aow  B  ?ener- 
i  he  -nows  of  many  winters  having  whitened  his  hair  and  beard.      He  is  a 
Christian  and  a  member  of  the  Mennonite  Church.    John  Hertzler,  our  subject. 
was  also  I       incaster  County,   Penn.,  in  1846,  and  came  to  this  county  with  his 

father  w  hen  a  boy.  In  is?h  he  married  Miss  Martha  Bowman,  of  York  County,  Penn., 
iristian  and  Susan  Bowman,  parents  of  the  following  children:  John,  Jacob, 
Calvin,  Sainic  I.  M  irtha  and  -lane.  Mr.  Bowman  is  a  member  of  the  German  Reformed 
Church,  and  is  still  living  ill  York  <  Jounty  at  the  age  Of  seventy  live  years.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
John  Hertzler  have  two  children;  Earle  B.  and  Elva  Margaret.  '  Mrs.  Hertzler  is  a  member 
of  the  Q  rmed  church,     in  politics  our  subject    is  a    Republican.     Bj    his 

unaided  efforts  he  has  accumulated  enough  to  buy  a  good  homestead,  pleasantly  situated. 
Mr.  Hertzler  holds  to  the  principles  taught  him  by  bis  father— honesty,  industry  and  care- 
fulness.    His  children  mav  well  be  proud  of  these  traits  in  the  family  character 

JACOB  M.  HERTZLER,  farmer,  P.  0.  Allen,  is  a  grandson   of  —  Hertzler,  who 

in  i  hi-  country,  and  came  to  Lancaster  County,  Penn.,  when  a  young  man.  set- 

in;  he    was   the    lather  of  six  children.     Christian    Hertzler.'  his  son,  bun  in 

r    County,  Penn.,  in    1806    was   a   farmer  by   occupation;  married    Miss    Barbara 

Myers,  and  to  this  union  -.  at  children     \  iraharn    Mary.  Christian,  Samuel, 

Elias,    Barbara.   Jacob    M.   and    Benjamin,    all    now    living,    except    Abraham.      Chri-lian 

Hertzler  moved  to  this  county  in  1839,  and  bought  a  farm  in  Monro,'   Township,  which 

is  now  owned  by  his  son  Elias.     Mr.  and  Mrs.  Christian  Hertzler  were  members  of  the 


510  BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES: 

Mennonite  Church.  In  politics  he  was  a  Republican.  He  was  a  kind,  pleasant  man, 
^wnSg  his  family  more  by  love  than  fear,  and  was  known  for  Ins  honesty,  industry 
a i  1  ' •  ■'.  e'ro-ity  to  the  poor.  He  died  in  this  county  in  Ins  sixty-seventh  year  Jacob  M. 
He  .z  ',  i  son,  was  born  in  this  county  in  1848,  and  received  such  education  as  he 
Public  school  then  afforded.  In  1873  he  married  Miss  Emma  daughter  of  George  Beltz- 
h  over  of  this  county,  and  the  union  was  blessed  with  four  children:  Barbara  R  James 
W  Emma  L  and  Jacob  B.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hertzler  are  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church, 
in  whfchhe  lias  served  as  deacon  three  years.     He  renders  all  the  assistance  in  his  power 

to  hi|^SCHBRTZLERSf raSo.  Williams  Mill.     The  founder  of  this  family  came 
to  this  county  from  Germany  at  early  day.    The  great-grandfather  was  born  in  Lancaster 
County   Penn.,  on  a  farm.     Christian  Hertzler,  the  father  of  our  subject,  was. born  in 
1  ,    •■ "st'er  County,  Penn..  in  1800,  and  was  a  farmer  by  occupation.     He  married  Miss 
B  vb  riMyer s   and  to  this  union  were  born  eight  children:  Abraham   Mary,  Chnst. an 
Sa muel   El  as,  Barbara,  Jacob  and  Benjamin.     Christian  Hertzler  moved  to  this  county 
,183?   and  boud.i  a  l:»>m  in  Monroe  Township,  which  is  now  owned  by  bis  son  Ellas. 
Mr   Hertzler  and  wife  were  earnest  members  of  the  Mennonite  Church;  he  was  an  ener- 
getic and  upright  man,  accumulated  a  good  deal  of  property   and  gave  each  of  sons  a 
good    arm      Ellas  Hertzler  was  born  on  the  old  homestead  in  1837  and  has  spent  his  en- 
tSe  life  on  the  old  farm.     In  1865  he  married  Miss  Sarah  J.,  daughter  of  Jacob  Lehman, 
of  this  county      This  union  was  blessed  with  seven  children:  Clara  Agnes  Sarah  Jane 
Albert  Aleidor  David  Lehman,  Catharine  Barbara,  Alice  Gertrude  and  Edna      Mr.  and 
Mrs  Hertzler  are  members  of  the  Mennonite  Church.     They  met  with  a  sad  misfortune  m 
the  death  of  three  of  their  children  in  the  fall  of  1884,  by  diphtheria,  m  the  short  space  of 
a  few  weeks      This  great  affliction  caused  great  sadness  to  their  hearts,  but,  with  trust  in 
Him  wTodoeth  all  things  well,  they  have  borne  their  great  burden  with  Christian  pa- 
tience 7d^jf^nd       gist  and  farmer,  P.  O.  Williams  Mill.     The  great-great-grand- 
father of  the  subject  of  this  sketch  came  to  this  country  a  great  many  years  ago,  and  set- 
tled in  Dauphin  County.  Penn.     His  son  Christian  Hoover  was  born  mDauptanftg, 
married  Susan  Snidle,  of  Cumberland  County,  and  had  six  children:  John  P.  D„  Chris- 
tian  D^id    Elizabeth,  Catharine  and  Susan.     Christian  Hoover  and  his  wife  were  mem- 
bers'of  the  Lutheran  Church.     They  first  settled  in  Cumberland  County  but  later  moved  to 
Franklin  County,  where  Mr.  Hoover  died  at  fifty  years  of  age.    John  P  D.,  one  of  the 
sons  of  this  couple,  was  born  in  Dauphin  County.  Penn..  in  1789;  married  Hester  Myers, 
fnd  Id  six  children  who  attained  maturity:  Henry,  Elizabeth,  John.  Mand.lla,  George 
anu  Christian.     John  P.  D.  Hoover  was  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church;  m  politics  he 
was  a  Democrat.     John  Hoover,  the  son  of  J.  P.  D.  Hoover,  was  born  ,n  Franklin  County 
Penn     in  1815;  married  Eliza  Yessler,  of  Lancaster  County,  Penn.,  and  this  union  was 
blessed  with  two  children:  Susanna  and  Elijah  J.     He  is  a  Republican  in  politics.     Elijah 
J  Hoover  was  born  in  1844.  in  this  county,  learned  the  profession  of  druggist,  and  when 
Abraham  Lincoln  made  his  first  call  for  300,000  men,  was  among  those  who.  responded 
tnlisti   g  August  8,  18(52.in  Company  F.  OneHundred  and  Thirtietb>nnsylvania_Volunteer 
Infantry.     This  was  theoriginal  company  raised  by  Col.  H.  I    Zinn.     He  was  in  the  bat- 
tles of  Antiet  am  and  Fredericksburg  (where  Col.  Zinn  was  killed)  and  Chancellorsvile. 
He  was  mustered  out  in  May  21,  1863.     He  re-enlisted  January  4   1864.  as  a  veteran   in  the 
Third  Pennsylvania  Artillery,  and  was  stationed  at  Fortress  Monroe.     Here  he  was  de- 
tached from  his  company  and  was  put  on  the  medical  staff  and  served  as  acting. steward  in 
fort  dispensary.  Fortress  Monroe,   and  prison  hospital.  Newport  News,    and  in  medical 
purveyor's  office,  Department  of  Virginia  and   North  Carolina,  Richmond,  \  a      He  was 
mustered  out  by  special  order.  November  14,  1865.     He  then  served  under  chief  medical 
officer  of  BR   F&  A.   L.   State  of  Virginia.     He  served  until  July,  1866.     Returning 
home  he  married,  in  1868,  Miss  Martha  Crist,  of  this  county.     To  them  were  born  two 
children    Anna  O.  and  Lizzie  R.     Mr.  Hoover  had  the  misfortune  to  lose  his  wife  in  1873, 
and  in  1877  he  married  Miss  Kate  Stambaugh,  of  this  county,  and  commenced  farming. 
He  is  a  member  of  Post.  415.  G.  A.  R.     He  is  a  member  of  the  German  Reformed  Church; 
in  politics  a  Republican.     Few  men  in  this  county  have  such  a  record  as  Mr.  Hoover,  and 
he  instlv  deserves  a  place  in  its  history  for  his  patriotism. 

3  TOILS  HVTTON  farmer.  P.  O.  Williams  Mill.  The  Huttou  family  is  of  German 
origin  The  great-grandfather,  a  fanner,  lived  in  York  County,  Penn. ;  his  son  John 
who  was  born* in  that  county  was  the  father  of  four  children:  Ehja,  Jacob  John  and 
Eliza  Jacob  the  second  son  (father  of  our  subject),  was  born  in  York  County  Penn., 
fn  1813,  and  was  a  farmer;  in  1840  he  married  Miss  Jane  Strominger,  and  to  tiuB" union 
were  bom  ei°-ht  children:  Rachael  A.,  Andrew,  Jacob,  Daniel.  Luanda,  John.  Alice  J. 
Ind  Paris  Jacob  Hutton.  Sr„  was  a  Democrat  in  politics  until  the  war.wben  he  became 
a  Republican  He  has  always  remained  at  home,  and,  although  living  within  six  miles  of 
arai road  never  rode  on  a  train  until  about  four  years  ago.  when  he  took  a  short  trip 
wUh  ds  son.  He  is  a  man  of  great  will  power  and  stern  determination,  and  is  much  re- 
jected in  the  community  in  which  he  lives,  an  upright  and  temperate  man.     Our  sub- 


MONROE  TOWNSHIP.  511 

led  was  born  In  Fork  County,  Penn.,  in  1861,  and  passed  his  earlj  life  on  his  Father's 
farm.  At  the  age  of  Fourteen,  he  became  patriotic  and  would  have  enlisted  if  not  pre- 
vented by  his  father  on  account  of  his  youth.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  young  Hutton  and 
stricken  with  the  California  fever.  He  took  French  leave,  well 
lis  Father  would  oppose  the  project,  and  with  a  Few  cents  in  his  pocket  man- 
aged, by  working  among  the  Farmers,  to  gel  as  fur  a-  Columbus,  Ohio.  II''  went  thence  to 
Burlington,  Iowa,  hut  becoming  tired  of  hi-  own  daring,  returned  home,  after  an  absence 
of  nearly  ;i  \  ear,  hut,  unlike  the  prodigal  sun.  came  hack  in  good  health,  well  dressed  ami 
supplied  with  money.  In  1878,  he  married  Miss  Catharine  E.  Reiff,  of  this  county,  daughter 
,,i  John  K  lc  iff,  and  a  descendant  of  a  very  old  Family,  of  German  origin.  The  great- 
grandfather, linn)  Reiff,  who  came  to  York  County  From  Lancaster  County,  Penn.,  and 
formerly  from  Germany,  was  the  Father  of  two  sons:  Daniel  ami  Henry  (the  latter  the 
grandfather  of  Mrs.  Hutton),  and  tradition  says  brought  a  stocking  full  of  gold,  with  which 
to  buy  the  property,  now  the  old  homestead,  originally  comprising  800  acres  of  fine  tim- 
ber land  Henry  Reiff  (grandfather of  Mrs.  Hutton)  married  Catharine  Kilmore,  of  York 
County,  Penn.,  and  over  fifty  years  ago  built  the  null  now  called  Williams'  Mill  and  the 
buildings  on  the  old  homestead.  John  K.,  the  father  of  Mrs.  Hutton,  was  also  horn  in 
York  Countv.  ami  came  to  this  county  with  his  father,  married  Catharine  Dick,  of  York. 
5  >      iiniv,  and  had   three  children:  John    II..  Catharine   E.    and   Frances  M.  1).      .loll n 

K.  Reiff  w  as  a   member  of  the  German  Reformed  Church,  and  died  January  ;s.  1874,  when 
torn  seven  years  old.     When  Gen.  Lee's  army  invaded  Pennsylvania,   a  detachment  of 
troops  took  breakfast  at  the  old  homestead;  they  were  indite,  paid  for  their  entertainment 
wiili  i  onfederate  scrip,  and  were  very  gallant  to  the  ladies,  giving  them  as  mementoes 
buttons  cut  from  their  uniforms.    This  is  the  third  generation  which  lias  lived  in  the  old 
residence  inherited  from  her  father  by   Mrs.  Ilulton   and  conveyed  by  her  to  her  husband. 
Mr.  Hutton  has  been  quite  an  extensive  traveler,  visiting  sixteen  States,  Washington  and 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Luray caverns,  Natural  Bridge,  Va.,  Mount  Vernon,  etc.     lie  is  a  Re- 
i  in  politics,  a  member  of  the  State  ( [range,  and  one  of  the  managing  committee  of 
Picnic  Exhibition,  which  is  annually  held  at  Williams'  Grove,  this  county. 
9  of    a   large    and   robust    race,    stands   six   feet,  and   two  inches  in  height,  and 
weighs  810  pounds,  the  picture  of  stalwart  manhood. 

G.  W.  LEIDIGH,  farmer.  P.  ()..  Allen.  The  founder  of  this  family  came  from  Ger- 
many to  America  long  before  the  war  of  the  Revolution.  Adam  Leidigh,  the  first  of  the 
name  of  whom  there  is  any  record,  bought  land  in  Monroe  Township,  this  county,  in 
1791;  hi'  was  a  fanner  and  manufacturer.  In  politics  he  was  an  old  line  Whig;  in  relig- 
ion amember  of  the  Lutheran  Church.  By  industry,  lie  accumulated  a  handsome  prop- 
em,  and  gave  each  of  his  sons  a  farm.  He  was  the  father  of  four  sons:  David.  George, 
d  John,  lie  was  a  prominent  man  in  the  community,  and  trustee  for  at  least  one 
From  all  that  can  be  learned  of  him,  he  was  a  good  business  man  and  honorable  in 
all  his  dealings.  Jacob  Leidigh,  his  second  son,  was  born  in  Cumberland  County,  Penn., 
.human  15,  1788;  was  a  fanner  all  his  life,  inheriting  his  land  from  his  father.  He  mar- 
ried Mi--  Sarah,  daughter  of  Michael  Leidigh,  id'  this  county.  January  14.  1821  (she  was  of 

no  ill 1   relationship)  and  to  this  union  were  born  five  children;  Mary  A.,  Sarah,  Catha- 

orge  and  Bamuel.  Mr.  Leidigh  was  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  <  ihurch;  in  politics, 
an  old  line  Whit::  lie  di.-d  August  18,  1882.  His  widow,  who  lived  for  many  years,  after- 
ward married  Henry  Gross,  of  this  county,  by  whom  she  had  one  daughter:  Eliza  A. 
Mr-.  Leidigh  died  in  her  eighty  first  year.  <;.  W.  Leidigh  was  born  in  this  county  July  18, 

I  illn  i  dying  when  he  was  onh  five  years  old,  John  Brindle  became  his 
guardian  At  twenty  he  learned  the  miller's  trade  of  Jacob  Goodyear,  his  brother-in-law. 
In  1851,  he  married  Miss  Mahala.  daughter  of  John  Beltzhoover,  of  this  county,  and  this 
union  wa-  blessed  with  three  sons:  John  B.  (married  to  Miss  Mattie  A.  Bowers,  daughter 
of  Jere  Bowers,  of  this  county).  George  M.  (married  to  Gertie  R..  daughter  of  L.  V. 
Moore,  of  i iii-  county  i.  and  Harry  M.,  an  attorney.  In  1881.  our  subject  bought  the  Junc- 
tion   Flouring    Mill.  01 f   the  oldest   on  Yellow  Breeches  Creek,  being  built  in   the  last 

century,  rebuilt  in  IS'Jn.  and  again  rebuilt  by  Mr.  Leidigh.  in  1865.  The  structure  bids 
fair  to  stand  for  many  year-  to  come.  Mr.  Leidigh  lias  followed  the  business  of  a  miller 
for  thirty  three  year-  on  the  same  creek,  and  for  thirty  rive  in  the  old  mill  which  he  now 
ow  08,  and  this  makes  him  the  oldest  miller  on  Yellow  Breeches  Creek.  During  the  war 
ot  i  he  Rebellion,  when  Gen.  Ewell  wa-  Btationed  at  Carlisle,  a  picket  Mm-  was  formed  near 
Mr.  Leidigh' 8  residence,  and  Gen.  Ewell  sent  him  a  very  stem  order  to  the  effect  that  if 
rgled  or  removed  from  the  mill,  he  would  burn  the  building  to  s  hes. 

igular  that  although  the  neighbors,  xv ho  were'  more  or  less  remote,  were  plundered 

iken  Ft Mr.  Leidigh's  premises.     Mr.  ami   Mrs.  Leidigh  are 

members  of  the  Lutheran  Church.  In  politics  he  is  a  Republican.  He  is  a  hale,  stalwart 
man.  wearing  his  year-  lightly.  Ha-  done  a  large  milling  business — probably  more  than 
any  other  miller  on  the  creek.  He  still  continues  active  labor  and  lives  in  the  -a me  town 
ship  where  he  was  born  and  reared. 

GEORGE  1!.  LUTZ,  farmer.  I'.  ( i.  Allen.    The  great-grandfather  of  our  subject  was 
born  in  Switzerland,  and  immigrated  to  this  country,  on  account  of  religious  persecutions, 


512  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES : 

about  the  year  1772,  and  settled  in  Lancaster  County,  Penn.  George  Lutz,  his  son,  was 
born  on  board  ship,  while  on  the  passage  to  this  country.  He  early  learned  the  wagon- 
maker's  trade,  and  came  to  this  county  about  1790,  and  began  the  business  which  his  son 
and  orandson  have  since  followed,  in  the  same  shop,  for  nearly  one  hundred  years. 
George  Lutz  married  Miss  Wolf,  of  this  county,  and  to  this  union  were  born  nine  chil- 
dren^ Samuel,  George,  Baltzer,  John,  Henry,  Philip,  Catharine,  Mary  and  Bosanna.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  German  Reformed  Church,  an  old-line  Whig,  and  lived  to  the  patri- 
archal a°-e  of  eighty-eight  years.  He  was  a  remarkably  hale  and  hearty  man  in  his  old 
asre  and  retained  his  full  vigor  to  his  last  day.  He  was  respected  by  all  who  knew  him. 
John  Lutz,  his  son,  born  in  this  county,  followed  the  trade  of  his  father.  He  married 
Catnarine  Miller  in  1830,  and  had  ten  children:  Samuel  W.,  Henrietta  L.,  William  H., 
Catharine  Emeline,  Mary,  John,  George  B.,  Chester  C.  and  Myra.  John  Lutz  was  a 
member  of  the  German  Reformed  Church;  in  politics  a  Republican.  It  could  well  be  said 
of  him  that  his  word  was  as  good  as  his  bond.  He  was  a  good  financier  and,  although 
money  came  slowly  in  his  day,  he  accumulated  a  handsome  property.  George  Ji.  JLutz 
was  born  in  Cumberland  County,  Penn.,  in  1848,  and  learned  his  father's  trade,  which  he 
now  follows.  In  1868  he  married  Miss  Sarah,  daughter  of  Henry  Brecbill.  of  this  county. 
This  union  was  blessed  with  five  children:  Cora  K.,  John  C,  George  O.,  Franklin  B.  and 
Edna  G  By  energy  and  industry  our  subject  has  accumulated  a  fine  property  largely 
increasing  the  business  left  him  by  his  father.  He  is  a  practical  mechanic  and  under- 
stands every  detail  of  his  business.  He  can  make,  with  his  own  hands,  every  part  ot  a 
buggy,  iucluding  the  wood-work,  trimming  and  iron-work.  He  is  a  prompt,  reliable 
business  man;  in  politics  a  strong  Republican.  .  . 

JACOB  M.  NIESLEY  was  born  in  Monroe  Township,  Cumberland  Co.,  Penn.,  in  the 
year  1851.  He  was  married,  in  the  fall  of  1872,  to  Mary  E.  Pressel,  of  the  same  township. 
Havino-  been  reared  a  farmer,  he  followed  this  occupation  for  several  years,  when,  on  ac- 
count of  ill  health,  he  left  the  farm  and  turned  his  attention  to  clerking,  moving  to 
Churchtown  and  working  for  his  uncle,  George  Brindle,  in  Boiling  Springs,  in  whose  em- 
ploy he  remained  several  years.  He  then  clerked  for  J.  Frank  Moist,  in  Churchtown,  in 
J  &  Plank's  building,  and  now  in  the  same  store,  with  A.  G.  Burtner  as  proprietor. 
He  now  fills  the  important  office  of  director  of  schools  in  his  native  town,  following  in 
the  footsteps  of  his  grandfather,  George  Brindle,  who  once  helped  to  direct  the  arlairs  ot 
the  State,  as  Legislator,  in  1843-44.  , 

GEORGE  O'HARA,  farmer  and  teacher,  P.  O.  Allen.     Stephen  O  Hara,  the  grand- 
father of  our  subject,  immigrated  to  this  country  and  settled  m  Philadelphia,  Penn., 
many  years  ago.     He  married  a  Miss  Fruger,  of  Lancaster  County.  Penn.,  and  was  the 
father  of  five  children,  the  sons  being  James  and  Henry.     James  O'Hara.  son  of  the  above 
and  father  of  our  subject,  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Penn.,  October  15.  1799.  He  went  with 
his  mother  to  Churchtown,  Lancaster  Co.,  Penn.,  after  the  death  of  his  father,  which  oc- 
curred when  James  was  very  young.     He  passed  his  early  life  on  a  farm  and  always  fol- 
lowed that  occupation.     Ab6ut  the  year  1830  he  married  Miss  Anna  M.,  da"S&ter,  9} 
George  and  Elizabeth  Youndt.  who  were  descended  from  the  first  settlers  ot  i.phratan, 
Lancaster  Co.,  Penn.     The  original  deeds  to  their  lands  bear  the  signature  of  one  of   the 
Penns      They  had  six  children:   Leah,  George,  Jessie,  Henry,  Charles  and  Anna.     Mrs. 
O'Hara  is  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church,  and  is  still  living  at  the  advanced  age  ot 
eighty-two      Mr.  O'Hara  was  a  strong  supporter  of  the  Republican  party,  making  political 
speeches  on  many  occasions.     He  was  a  well-read  man.  although  he  acquired  his  educa- 
tion in  the  common  schools  and  by  his  own  unaided  efforts.     In  1857  he  moved  to  Cum- 
berland County.  Penn.,  and  purchased  land.     He  died  at  the  age  of  seventy-sis  years,  tie 
was  generally  respected  as  an  honorable  business  man.     He  brought  up  his  family  to  be- 
lieve" in.l  practice  the  principles  of  truth  and  justice.     George  O'Hara,  our  subject   was 
born  in  Lancaster  County,  Penn.,  in  1835;  passed  bis  early  life  on  the  farm  of  his  father, 
and  when  about  eighteen  year  of  age  began  teaching  school,  and  taught  continuously  tor 
twenty-five  winters,  following  farming  during  the  summer.     His  education  was  gained  at 
While  Hall  Academy  and  Mount  Pleasant  College.     In  1869  he  married  Miss  Anna  C.  Ja- 
cobs  of  Cumberland  County,  and  their  union  was  blessed  with  five  children:    James. 
Mary,  Horace.  Stuart  and  Charles.     In  1880  he  bought  his  present  farm  and  residence. 
Mr  and  Mrs   O'Hara  are  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church,     Politically  he  is  a  repub- 
lican     He  is  very  much  interested  in  the  temperance  question,  took  an  active  part  in  tavc-r 
of  local  option,  and  now  votes  the  Prohibition  ticket.     Mr.   O'Hara  frequently  made 
addresses  in  the  temperance  cause,  which  he  firmly  believes  will  ultimately  P™™."- 

DAVID  K  PAUL,  farmer,  P.  O.  Allen,  was  born  in  this  county  in  1840.  riis  tat  tier, 
Henry  Paul,  was  born  in  York  County,  and  in  the  course  of  time  learned  the  miller  s 
trade;  he  married  Rachael  Heikes,  of  Cumberland  County,  Penn.,  and  to  this  union  were 
born  six  children:  Catharine,  John,  David  K.,  Henrietta.  Anna  and  Emma  In  polities 
he  was  an  old  line  Whig,  but  afterward  a  Republican.  He  was  a  man  of  mild  disposition, 
and  while  strict  in  bis  family  was  always  kind  and  generous.  Prompt  in  all  bis  business 
dealings,  he  had  the  confidence  of  all  who  knew  him.  It  could  truly  be  said  of  him  that 
his  wcud  was  as  good  as  his  bond.      He  was  a  man  of  few  words,  and  not  given  to  idle 


MONROE   TOWNSHIP.  513 

t«lk.  Hi'  died,  aged  bci  entj  siz  years,  afti  r  accumulating  a  handsome  property,  which  be 
l,ii  to  his  children,  one  of  whom  now  owns  the  original  homestead.  David  K.  Paul 
passed  hia  earlj  lit.'  with  his  Father.  Be  married  Miss Lucy  snnkler.  of  Cumberland 
daughter  ol  Joseph  Strickler,  and  to  this  union  were  born  five  children,  all  living: 
wile  of  William  Qivler,  of  this  county:  Emma  V.  Ida  R.,  Henry  B.  and  .1. 
Frank.  Mr,  Paul  is  a  Republican  in  politics,  In  1870  he  bought  his  present  homestead, 
which  is  pleasantly  situated,  and  the  buildings  are  substantial  structures,  bidding  fair  to 
last  ior  many  generations.  Mr.  Paul  is  regarded  as  a  careful,  honorable  man  by  the  com 
m  unity. 

JACOB  PLANE,  the  veteran  plow-maker,  was  born  within  four  miles  of  Reamstown, 
in  ih,  northeastern  pari  of  Lancaster  County,  October  15,1792.  Here  his  father,  Nicholas 
Plank,  whowasone  of  five  brothers  ami  tour  sisters,  was  possessed  of  a  small  tract  of 
land,  thirty  acres  in  extent,  ami  followed  tic  occupation  of  a  weaver.  His  grandfather 
came  from  Switzerland.  \\  hen  Jacob  was  in  his  fifteenth  year  his  father  died  at  the  age 
of  forty  live  years.     In  1809  Jacob  engaged  himself  with  Fred  Gerhart  to  learn  the  busi- 

iii"  of  wheelwright  or  wagon-making,  lie  set  in  on  his  apprenticeship  on  Christinas 
day,  1809.  In  the  summer  Of  1810  .Mr.  Gerhart  sold  Ids  property  in  Lancaster  County, 
and  moved  to  Cumberland  County,  which  then  bore  the  same  relation  to  Lancaster  County 
as  lie  In  West  doe,  lo  Pennsylvania  nowadays.  Mr.  Gerhart  bought  a  property  lying 
along  the  read  leading  from  Mechanicsburg  to  Williams'  Grove,  in  the  lower  part  of  what 
is  now  Monroe  Township.  Jacob  Plank  was  induced  lo  accompany  .Mr.  Gerhart  to  Cum- 
berland County  by  a  promise  that  three  months  should  be  taken  off  his  term  of  apprcn- 
makiiig  the  tcriu  two  years  and  three  months.  Mr.  Gerhart.  while  yet  in  Lancaster 
County,  made  old  fashioned  wooden  plows,  and  a  Mr.  Zeigler,  a  blacksmith,  left  the  same 
rhood  in  Lancaster  County,  and  came  to  Cumberland  a  year  prior  to  Mr.  Gerh art's 
made  known  the  fact  that  Mr.  Gerhart,  "a  good  plow-maker,"  was  coming  to  set 
up  business  mar  his  (Zeigler's)  shop.  Mr.  Gerhart  brought  with  him,  besides  Mr.  Plank, 
a  Mr.  Burkholter,  a  journeyman,  who  assisted  in  making  plows.  After  arriving,  the  de- 
mand lor  plows  was  bo  great  that  Mr.  Gerhart  prevailed  upon  Mr.  Plank  to  stop  working 
at  wagoii-makiiig  and  assist  at  plow -making.      In  the  spring  of  that  year  George  LutZ,  a 

maker,  who  then  lived  a  short  distance  wesl  of  where  Church  town  now  stands  (the 
same  place  at  which  George  B.  Lutz.  son  of  John,  and  grandson  of  George  Lutz,  is  ex- 
tensively engaged  in  the  business  of  manufacturing  wagons  and  buggies,  etc.),  bearing 
that  Mr,  Gerhart  had  brought  some  journeymen  with  him  from  Lancaster  County,  came 

i  he  could  not  employ  the  services  of  some.  Mr.  Plank  then  bad  eleven  months  to 
serve  before  his  term  of  apprenticeship  would  expire,  and  consequently  could  not  go,  but 
Mr.  Lutz  stipulated  with  him  that  he  should  go  as  soon  as  his  apprenticeship  was  com- 
pleted. The  following  April.  1812,  be  was  free,  and  on  Easter  Monday  he  set  out  on  foot 
to  find  Mr.  I.utz's  workshops,  passing  what  is  now  Cburcbtown,  which  at  that  time  was  a 
place  without  a  name,  and  consisted  only  of  one  house  and  a  blacksmith  shop,  standing 
where  the  hotel  is  situated,  and  a  log  house  standing  where  the  store  property  of  John  N. 
Plank,  son  of  Jacob  Plank,  is  at  present  situated.  Mr.  Plank  helped  lo  build  another  log 
house  in  this  same  village.  It  was  erected  by  Judge  William  Line,  and  two  days  were  re- 
quired for  the  raising  of  it.  The  time,  however,  was  mostly  occupied  at  playing  "long 
bullets,"  a  game  that  was  very  popular  in  those  early  days,  and  consisted  in  casting  a 
bullet  weighing  a  half  or  three-quarters  of  a  pound,  the  man  throwing  it  the  farthest  win- 
game.  The  first  work  that  Mr.  Plank  engaged  at  with  Mr.  Lutz  was  to  make  a 
a  new  wagon,  for  which  he  received  the  sum  of  $9.  In  the  year  1813  be  made  bis  first 
grain  cradle  without  any  instructions  from  any  one,  merely  using  another  cradle  for  a 
liter  improving  it  t<>  some  extent.  Hi'  sold  this  cradle  for  $7.  which  was  con- 
sidered a  big  price.  The  year  following  he  made  two  more,  and  the  nexl  year  he  made 
four.  He  remained  with  George  Lutz  over  three  years,  and  left  him  July  4.  1815,  to  enter 
j  oi  Adam  Stoneberger,  who  lived  eight  miles  above  Carlisle,  in  Frankford  Town- 
ship. Mr.  Sloncberger's  business  was  principally  that  of  making  w  nitons,  but  he  also 
made  wooden  plows  and  grain  cradles,  and  had  Mr.  Plank  work  at  the  latter.  He  worked 
with  Mr.  Stoneberger  until  1S17.  when  he  went  to  the  south  side  of  the  county  and  worked 

month-  at  plow  making  for   Mr.  Adam    Hcenscy.    after  which   he  returned  to  Mr. 

rger's,  and  remained  until  February,  1818.     He  then  went  to  Mount  Rock,  to  work 

for  Mr.  Samui  1  Spangler  at  plows,  and  remained  until  the  following  August.      November 

28,  1818,  he  married  Mary  lieifsnyiler.  whose  parents  lived  on  the  State  road,  onemileeast 
of  New  ville.  The  next  'lay  lie  rented  a  house  with  the  privilege  of  creeling  a  house  on 
the  property  for  his  use.  That  same  fall  he  built  his  shop,  and  in  the  spring  of  1819 
moved  to  his  new  home  and  engaged  in  the  business  of  plow-making  in  his  own  name, 
having  made  a  reputation  as  a  plow-maker  for  himself  while  with  Mr.  Spangler  at  Mount 
Rock.  He  made  106  plows  here,  but  remained  only  a  year,  as  be  bought  a  property,  con- 
taining 100  acres,  near  the  ridge  in  South  Middleton  Township,  Here  he  moved  in  the 
:  1820,  built  a  large  shop,  and  carried  on  the  business  oi  plow-making  extensively. 
In  1835  he  applied  for  a  patent  on  his  invention  of  a  plow,  which  was  granted  June  3, 
1836,  and  upon  it  are  to  be  found  the  autographs  of  Andrew  Jackson,  then  President  of 


514  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

the  United  States;  Jchn  Forsyth,  Secretary  of  State;  B.  F.  Butler,  Attorney-General,  and 
as  witnesses  the  names  of  William  P.  Elliott  and  John  Goodyear,  Jr.,  the  latter  being  at 
one  time  prothouotary  of  Cumberland  County.  This  is  a  rare  old  document,  and  one 
which  he  prized  very  highly,  and  in  order  that  it  might  be  cared  for,  a  few  weeks  prior  to 
Ms  death  in  1879,  he  presented  it  to  his  grandson,  A.  W.  Plank,  the  inventoi 'of  the  cele- 
brated Plank.  Jr.,  plows.  Mr.  Plank  continued  in  the  plow  business  until  1*44,  when  he 
bought  a  farm  in  the  lower  end  of  Monroe  Township.  His  son  Samuel  had  a  shop  on 
the  same  place;  owned  and  carried  on  the  business  of  wagon-making  and  plow-making. 
Samuel  Plank  remained  on  the  place  until  the  year  1852  at  which  time  he  bought  the 
property  in  Churchtown,  built  a  large  shop,  and  carried  on  plow-making  sueeessluly  until 
1879  when  he  retired  from  active  business.  During  the  tune  he  manufactured  plows  he 
invented  the  Plank  Shifting  Beam  Plow,  which  has  plowed  more  acres  in  the  Cumberland 
Valley  than  any  other  plow  manufactured  in  the  State.  He  made  other  valuable  improve- 
ments in  the  plow,  and  retired  from  the  business.  He  was  succeeded  by  his  son.  A.  W 
Plank  who  continued  to  manufacture  the  shifting  beam  until  he  found  it  necessary  to  get 
up  a  new  plow,  which  he  did  on  four  different  patents,  each  p  ow  proving  a  success 
These  plows  are  noted  for  being  easily  conducted  and  turning  all  kinds  ot  soil.  Jacob 
Plank  lived  to  be  eighty-seven  years  old,  and  was  highly  sueeessful,  and  was  p  eased  to 
see  his  son  and  grandson  successful  in  their  plows.  It  will  be  titty  .yea  s  Jim e  -.  188b 
since  his  plow  was  patented,  and  there  are  at  this  time  many  of  the  Plank  Coulter  Plows 
in  use  in  this  county.  No  farming  implement  has  ever  gained  a  stronger  and  more  lasting 
reputation  in  the  Cumberland  Valley.  .  ■.„.„„,«„«,»-«# 

GEORGE  \V  PRESSEL,  retired  farmer.  Boiling  Springs.  The  great-grandfather  ot 
the  subject  of  this  sketch,  John  Valentine  Pressel,  came  from  Prussia  to  America  Septem- 
ber 18,  1733,  and  settled  in  Lancaster  County  Penn.,  but  later  moved  to  York  .County 
Penn.  The  grandfather  of  our  subject  was  born  in  that  county  in  1,6 .,  married  Mm 
Mohler.  of  Cumberland  County  (whose  family  is  one  of  the  oldest  and  best  in  the  county), 
and  to  this  union  were  born  four  children:  Michael,  John,  Joseph  and  Susanna  Mr 
Pressel.  a  farmer  and  land-holder,  accumulated  considerable  property  which  he  left  to  his 
children,  and  some  of  this  land  has  remained  in  the  family  for  more  than  ^dredyear* 
He  was  a  member  of  the  German  Baptist  Church,  known  as  Dunkards.  John  Pressel  his 
son  born  in  York  County,  Penn..  November  29.  1798,  in  course  of  time  became  a  farmer, 
inheriting  his  land  from  his  father.  He  married  Miss  Abigail,  daughter  of  Valentine 
Paup  of  York  County.  Penn..  who  came  from  Wales  about  the  year  1780  and  settled  on 
the  south  side  of  Conowago  Creek;  he  was  a  weaver  by  occupation  a  Quaker  in  faith,  and 
a  very  kind  father  and  husband.  By  this  union  John  Presse  has  tour  children.  EhzaJ, 
George  W.,  Lewis  J.  and  Henry  W.  He  was  a  Lutheran  in  religion  f  "da  Democrat 
politically.  He  was  a  very  hardworking,  industrious  man,  and  owned  at  east  400  acres  Of 
land  After  1831  he  passed  his  life  on  same  farm.  He  was  a  kind  husband  and  loving 
father.  He  assisted  bis  son  to  buy  farms,  and  was  noted  for  his  honesty  and  morality 
He  died  September  29,  1883,  at  the  patriarchal  age  of  eighty-five  years  His  widow,  who 
is  still  living,  is  in  her  eightieth  year.  George  W.,  son  of  John  and  Abigail  Fna^m 
born  in  York  County,  Penn..  October  27, 1827.  in  the  old  homestead  built  by  his  grandfather. 
Angus"  30  1849,  be  married  Miss  Eliza  A.  Reel,  who  died  May  10  1-2.  and  to  this  union 
were  born  three  children:  Samuel  A.,  a  fanner;  Mary  E.,  and  John  La  Fayette  (ded  October 
30  1862).  Mr.  Pressel,  the  second  year  of  his  marriage,  moved  to  his  present  taini  ana 
homestead  in  this  county.  He  was  married,  on  second  occasion  October  2,  18b J,  to  Mrs 
Catharine  (Corman)  Huchinson,  and  this  union  was  blessed  with  four  children.  George 
Brinton  McClellan  (died  October  1,  1870)  Penrose  WM.  Charles  H.  and  toA -Of 
ATr  Press's  children  Mary  E.  is  the  wife  of  Jacob  M.  Niesley,  and  Penrose  W  .  M.  is 
teachi.  -  m  Sout  Middleton  Township,  this  county.  Charles  H.  and  Orrin  A.  are  going 
to  school.  Mrs.  Pressel  is  a  member  of  the  German  Reformed  Church.  Our  subject  is  a 
we  1  educated  man  and  has  taught  school  Mr.  Pressel  intends  givmgtodi.  Wren  good 
education  He  is  a  surveyor  and  has  studied  civil  engineering:  has  filled  man)  local  offices 
promptly.ibut  never  desired  them;  has  been  on  different  committees  to  draft  constitutions 
for  Sabbath-schools,  the  "Northern  Sunday-School"  and  the  "Mount  Z.on  ^»mi..y -School 
at  Churchtown.  Since  the  late  Rebellion  of  the  South  he  is  very  independent  in  politics 
and  in  religious  views  very  strong  in  faith  with  the  Friends  or  Quakers.  .„*„„. 

JOHN  F  SENSEMAX  farmer,  P.  O.  Williams  Mill.  The  great-grandparents  of  our 
subiect  were  born  in  Germany,  and  bis  grandfather  was  born  in  Lancaster  County,  1  enn., 
and  work  d  at  his  trade,  that  of  a  miller!  near  Ephratah.  He  was  the  father  of  eight  chil- 
dren- John  Joseph.  William.  Samuel,  Daniel,  Rebecca  L.  and  Hannah.  Samuel  the 
fourth  son  (father  of  our  subiect),  was  born  in  Ephratah,  Lancaster  Co.,  Penn.,  in  inm. 
and  rl     life  learned  carpentering.     He  married  Miss  Elizabeth  Haines,  also  a  native 

of  Lancaster  County  and  ten  children  were  born  to  them:  Susan,  Jeremiah,  John.  Harriet, 
Lydil  Samuel  David.  Adam,  William  and  Sarah;  Samuel  Senseman  Sr.,  move* tortus 
county  in  1828,  and  bought  a  farm  in  Silver  Spring  Township.  He  and  his  wife  were 
member  of  the  Lutheran  Church.  In  politics  he  was  a  Democrat.  The  confidence  of  the 
people  in  his  integrity  and  ability  is  shown  in  the  fact  that  in  settling  many  estates  every 


MONROE    town -Ml  l'. 


5 1 5 


1864  he  married  Misa  Mary  U  Landis,  oi   una  county.     o«  wen   ««»  ..^,. ..  ... ....   .  ■ 

csburg,  and  remained  thirty  two  years  on  the  same  farm.  To  our  Bubjecl  and 
wife  were  born  five  childn  n  Charles,  George  W..  Harry.  Anna  and  David  E.  In  1878 
Mr  Benseman  traveled  in  Europe,  visiting  its  principal  cities  and  the  Pans  Exposition. 
In  1885  be  purchased  his  present  homestead,  which  is  pleasantly  situated,  with  nne,  sud- 
atantial  buildings  Mr.  Benseman  is  a  »  II  made  man  in  every  sense  oi  the  word,  and. has 
secured  bis  property  bj  industrj  Bis  life  is  a  good  illustration  of  what  can  be  attained 
n  and  pel  si  n  erance.  m  ,,  ,,        ,  .  .         ,, 

'  GEORGE  H  30UDER,  farmer,  P.  O.  Allen.  The  great-grandfather  of  this  gentle- 
man came  from  Germany  at  an  early  day,  settling  in  Perry  County,  Penn.,  and  there  bis 
Bon  George  was  born.  He  was  an  agriculturist,  and  bis  farm  at  Shermansdale  is  still 
owned  by  a  lineal  descendant,  bavin-  been  in  the  Souder  family  for  more  than  acentury, 
Sdfather  of  subject)  was  a  soldier  in  the  Revolutionary  war,  married  a  Miss 
Slieivlv  of  Perry  County,  Penn.,  and  was  the  parent  of  lour  Bons:  Jacob,  Henry,  John 

and  George     Of  these  John  was  born  on  tl Id  homestead,  in  this  county,  in  loll.     He, 

too    was   a  fanner;    he  married,   in  is::?.  Miss  Sarah  A.  Fenical,  of   Perry  County,  1  ciin.; 

moved  to  Cumberland  County  in  1888;  and  to  this  union  were  born  the  following  named 

children:  George  W.  Susan,  Margaret,  Henry,  Caroline.   Elizabeth,   Sarah,  and  Mary. 

After  marriage,  in  1837,  John  Souder  moved  to  Cumberland  County  and  settled  on  a  farm 

in  Souii,  Middleton  Township.     In  1850  he  removed  to  Silver  Spring  Township   and 

then-  .from  1859  to  1865)  purchased  four  farms,  comprising  500  acres.     His  Brsl  wite  died, 

and    inl885    he  married    Mrs.    Dunkeberger.  of    Pern    County.  Penn.      He  is   now  a  hale, 

Btrong  man  of  seventy-four  years,  and  is  well  known  for  his  great  energy,  perseverance 

and  industry      George  W ".,  his  son.  was  born  in  Perry  County,  Penn.,  in  18.58.  and  was 

brou   In  to  this  county  by  his  parents  when   an  infant.     He  lived  With  his  father  on  the 

farm  until  twenty-four  years  of  age.  and  greatly  assisted  him  in  accumulating  property. 

[n  1863  George  W.  Son, lev  married  Miss  Emma  B,  Shoop,  of  this  county,     1  his  union 

!  with  seven  children:  David  L.,  Amy  15. ,   George  O.,  Cora  L.,  John  V., 

j. ,,,.;,  .|    .„„|  15,.,-ii,.  [.     |),  1,  .  the  oldest  sun.  a  teacher  by  profession,  acquired  Ins  education 

million  schools  and  at  State  normals.      He  has  been  teaching  near  Fortress  Monroe, 

in-  subject  farmed   a  farm  owned  by  his  father,  where  he  remained 

five  years    when  he  bought  a  farm  near  Mechaniesburg,  and  there  he  lived  thirteen  years. 

he  purchased  his  present  farm  and  homestead,  which  is  pleasantly  situated  near 

Churchtown.     Mr.  and  Mrs.  Souder  are  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church.     In  politics 

Mi    Souder  is  a  Republican.     The  entire  family  is  well  known  for  respectability  ami  worth. 

GEORGE  W  .  STROCK,  farmer,  P.O.  Allen,  was  born  in  Cumberland  County  Penn., 

in  1854      Hi-  "rcat  grandfather  came  from  Germany,  when  a  young  man,  and  settle.)  near 

iwn,  Cumberland  Co..  Penn.,  and  bought  300  acres  of  land.      He  was   the  father 

of  two  children:  Joseph  and  Jacob.     The  date  of  his  coming  to  this  county  is  lost,  but 

md  lcmc  thai  he  built  here  has  the  date  1775.     Jacob  Strock,  Ins  son,  born  in  the 

old  homestead,  married  Elizabeth  Wire,  of  this  county,  and  to  this  union  were  born  nine 

children:  Joseph,  George,  Jacob.  David,  John,  Mary.  Elizabeth,  Rachel  and  Rebecca.     Ot 

lolin   was  born  in  ibis  county  in    1828;  learned  the   trade'  of  saddler,  and  was  a 

farmer  and  land  holder.     He  married  Elizabeth   Stephenson,  oi    this  county,  and   to   this 

union  were  born  six  children:  Clara    K.,  Howard   K..  George  \\\.  Mary.  Alice  and  Laura 

A       Mr    and  Mrs.  Strock  were   members   of  the  YVincbrcnncnan  Church.     He   was  a   Ke- 

pnblican  in  politics.     George  W.  was  bom   in  this  county  in  1854.     In  1880  he  married 

Miss  Barbara  A.  Herman,  of  Churchtown,  Penn.,  daughter  of  George  T.  B.  and  Barbara 

ii   ran  Mr.  Herman  was  for  many  years  a  merchant  in  Churchtown,  but  has 

ired  from  business.     He  is  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church.     Political!}    he  is 

Mr.  Strock  and  wife  have  but   one  child.  John  Hoy.     In  1884   our   subject 

hi-  present  borne,  which  is  pleasantly  Bituated  near  Churchtown.    He  and  his 

Wife  are  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church.     Politically  he  is  a  Republican 

J  \MES  WILLIAMS  (born  October  88,  1775)  was  the  youngest  son  of  John  u  illiams. 
who  immi  'rated  to  this  country  from  England  many  years  before  the  Revolutionary  war. 
'.  illiams  married  Mary  Wilson,  and  settled  on  the  Yellow  Live,  lies  Creek,  on  the 
farm  now  owned  by  hi-  grandson  Abram.  He  was  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  in  the  Cum- 
berland Vallej  He  became  a  large  land  owner,  and  was  one  of  thegood  men  of  his  day. 
He  had  ten  children.      Athis  death,  part  of  his  land  becami    vi   ted  in  bis  thn 

-,..  David  and  James.  His  youngesl  son,  .lame-,  ,,,.■,  eeded  aim  upon  the  old  nome- 
atead  He  like  his  father,  was  a  farmer  by  occupation.  He  wasmamed  August  25,  is(>s, 
to  Elizabeth  Myers,  and  bad  eight  children:  David  M.,  Mary,  Catharine,  John,  Elizabeth, 
Jam,,.  Abram  and  Henfy  H.  He  was  a  man  of  strong  convictions,  dignified  in  appear 
ance  and  noted  f,,r  his  kindliness,  bonor  and  charity,  and  never  had  a  law-suit.  He 
to  be  eighty-two  years  of  age.     Some  years  before  his  death  he  divided  a  part  of  his 


516  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

real-estate  between  his  four  surviving  sons.  Abram  succeeded  hi*  father  on  the  mansion- 
farm.  The  Williams  family  have  always  settled  their  own  business,  and  there  has  never 
been  a  public  sale  on  the  mansion  farm".  In  religion  they  have  been  Presbyterian,  and 
liberal  and  earnest  supporters  of  their  church.  In  politics  they  have  been  Democrats,  but 
would  never  accept  office. 

THOMAS  U.  WILLIAMSON,  farmer,  P.  O.  Allen.  The  Williamsons  were  among 
the  very  oldest  settlers  of  this  county,  and  are  of  the  hardy  Scotch-Irish  slock,  which  first 
settled  in  Silver  Spring  Township.  The  great-grandfather  of  our  subject  was  the  first  of 
this  name  to  settle  in  Cumberland  County,  buying  a  large  tract  of  land  from  the  Indians, 
for  which  he  gave  a  web  of  cloth  and  $200.  He  was  a  Scotch  Presbyterian.  His  son 
Thomas  was  three  years  old  at  (he  time  of  the  settlement,  and  at  the  death  of  bis  lather 
he  inherited  land  and  lived  on  the  old  homestead  all  of  bis  life.  Thomas  Williamson 
kept  the  tavern  on  the  Trindle  Spring  Road  near  the  west  end  of  the  township,  for  many 
years.  He  married  a  Miss  Anderson,  of  Silver  Spring  Township,  this  county,  and  bad 
three  children:  James.  Samuel  and  Susan.  Thomas  Williamson's  first  wife  died,  and  he 
subsequently  married  a  Miss  Brown,  of  this  county,  by  whom  he  had  three  children:  Re- 
becca, Elizabeth  and  Thomas.  He  was  also  a  Presbyterian.  Of  bis  children.  James  was 
born  on  the  old  homestead,  and  there  lived  nearly  all  his  life.  He  married  Miss  Mary, 
daughter  of  Thomas  Ulric,  of  this  county,  who  bore  him  one  son:  Thomas  TJ.  This  wife 
died,  and  he  married  Miss  Catharine,  daughter  of  Joseph  Kanaga,  of  ibis  county.  To  this 
union  nine  children  were  born:  Susan  R.,AnnaM.,  James  A.,  John  J..  William  S.,  Samuel 
H.,  Catharine  A.,  Elsetta  J.  and  Rebecca  E.  In  political  opinions  James  Williamson  was 
a  stanch  Democrat.  He  held  several  township  offices.  He  was  colonel  of  a  regiment  at 
the  time  of  the  old  militia,  and  lived  to  the  good  old  age  of  eighty  years.  Thomas  U., 
his  son,  was  born  on  the  old  homestead  bought  by  his  great-grandfather  from  the  Indians. 
In  1855.  he  married  Miss  Maria  E.,  daughter  of  "John  and  Elizabeth  (Beltzhoover)  Her- 
man. This  union  has  been  blessed  with  eight  children:  Mary  E.,  Thomas  U.,  James  W., 
Jennie  L.,  C.  Herman,  Cora  M„  Lillie  G.  and  Linda  F.  Mr.  Williamson  began  farming 
in  South  Middleton  Township,  where  he  remained  twelve  years,  and  then  bought  a  por- 
tion of  the  old  tract  owned  bv  his  great-grandfather,  where  he  lived  for  seven  years;  then 
moved  to  his  present  residence  in  Monroe  Township.  Our  subject  served  for  ten 
months  as  a  member  of  Company  A,  Fifty-eighth  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  In- 
fantry, under  Col.  D.  B.  McKihbir.  and  was  honorablv  discharged  at  Chambersburg,  Penn., 
August  10,  1863.  Politically  Mr.  Williamson  is  a  Democrat.  He  and  his  wife  are  mem- 
bers of  the  Lutheran  Church. 

JONAS  B.  ZIMMERMAN,  farmer,  P.  O.  Allen.  The  great-grandfather  of  the  sub- 
ject of  our  sketch  came  from  Germany  and  settled  in  Lancaster  County,  Penn.  _  He  was 
a  Mennonite,  and  fled,  with  his  family,  from  religious  persecution,  leaving  everything,  good 
homes  and  wordly  possessions,  to  come  to  the  land  of  William  Penn,  for  they  had  heard 
that  in  Pennsylvania  every  man  could  worship  God  after  his  own  conscience.  These 
peaceful  men  underwent  terrible  persecutions  for  Christ's  sake,  and  fled  to  a  wilderness 
that  they  might  beat  peaee  with  all  men.  Mr.  Zimmerman  had  four  sons:  Peter.  John, 
Christian,  and  Jacob,  a  bishop.  Of  these,  Peter  was  born  in  Lancaster  County.  Penn.; 
was  a  farmer  and  land-owner;  married  a  Miss  Martin,  of  the  same  county,  and  to  this 
union  were  born  twelve  children:  Christian,  Peter,  Henrv.  Martin,  Samuel,  Mannol, 
Esther.  Mary,  Judah.  Barbara,  Anna  and  Elizabeth.  Peter  Zimmerman  was  a  deacon  in 
the  Mennonite  Church,  in  this  county,  to  which  be  had  come  in  1814  with  his  family.  He 
was  a  very  honorable  man,  and  brought  np  bis  family  in  strict  religious  principles.  In 
disposition  he  was  very  cheerful  and  happy,  of  a  very  friendly  nature.  It  is  said  of  him 
that  be  never  turned  a  wayfarer  from  his  "doors.  He  left  300  acres  of  land  to  his  sons,  all 
of  which  is  still  in  the  Zimmerman  family.  The  father  of  our  subject  was  born  in  Lan- 
caster County  in  1810,  and  came  to  this  county  with  his  father  when  he  was  only  four 
years  of  ace.  In  1836,  he  married  Miss  Susannah  Plough,  of  York  County,  daughter  of 
John  and  Susan  Plough,  and  to  this  union  ten  children  were  born:  Anna.  Jonas.  Sarah, 
Mary,  Samuel,  Esther.  Martin,  Leah.  John  and  Sarah.  Mr.  Zimmerman  was  ordained  to 
the  ministry  in  1861,  and  preached  sixteen  years,  and  in  1877  died  of  typhoid  fever.  He 
was  a  farmer,  a  strong,  heartv  man  and  could  endure  a  great  amount  of  labor,  and  of 
great  frankness  and  gentleness  of  manner.  The  church  of  which  he  was  preacher  flourished, 
and  he  made  a  great  many  converts  to  the  cause  of  Christ,  and  his  memory  is  yet  green 
among  the  people,  for  he  was  a  peace-maker  and  possessed  loving  and  gentle  ways  that 
won  their  love  and  respect.  Jonas  B.  Zimmerman  was  born  in  1838,  and  remained  with  his 
father  until  he  was  twenty-nine  years  of  age.  In  1867,  he  married  Miss  Annie,  daughter 
of  Jacob  and  Mary  Hege.  of  Franklin  County.  Penn.  This  uuion  has  been  blessed  with 
seven  children:  Ira  II.',  Annie  M.,  Samuel  J.,  Benjamin  J..  Jacob  H.,  Susan  E.  and  Martha 
R.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jonas  B.  Zimmerman  are  members  of  the  church  of  their  fathers.  Our 
subject,  in  1879,  bought  bis  present  home.  He  was  a  member  of  the  committee  that  built 
the  new  Mennonite  Church. 


NEWTON    TOWNSHIP.  517 


CHAPTEB    LIU. 

NEWTON  TOWNSHIP.* 

JONATHAN  BARRICK,  fanner,  P.  0.  Newville,  is  descended  on  his  grandfather's 
Bide  from  an  old  resident  of  Perry  County.  Penn.,  and  on  his  grandmother's  side  from  an 
old  Cumberl  ind  County  family.  '  George  Barrick,  the  father  of  our  subject,  was  born  in 
llifflin  Township,  this  county,  where  he  became  a  farmer,  also  carrying  on  weaving.  His 
wife  was  Mary,  daughter  of  Philip  Heckman.  They  had  nine  children:  Andrew,  who 
married  Rebecca  Shover,  living  in  Bopewell  Township;  Daniel,  married  to  Elizabeth 
Robinson,  living  in  Newton  Township;  George,  married  to  Catharine  Whistler,  living  in 

[ohn    win.  died  in  Illinois;  David  L.,   married  to  Margaret  Whistler;  J ithan; 

Henry  married  to  Margaret  Gilbert;  Elias.  married  to  Elizabeth  Failor;  Elizabeth,  who  is 
the  w'ife  of  Daae  Hershey.  David  L..  Henry,  Elias  and  Elizabeth  are  living  in  Mifflin 
Township.  Jonathan,  who  is  the  sixth  son,  was  bom  March  15,  1836,  his  father  dying 
before  he  was  six  years  old.  He  lived  out  until  his  majority.  April  5,  1857,  he  was  mar- 
ried to  Nancy  Whistler,  of  Mifflin  Township,  and  began  farming  on  the  place  now  owned 
by  his  brother  David,  subsequently  moving  to  a  large  farm,  and  again  to  a  still  larger, 
until,  in  the  fall  of  1873,  he  bought 'a  farm  in  Mifflin  Township,  on  the  creek,  on  which  he 
lived  a  year,  when  he  removed  to  the  John  R.  Sharp  farm  in  this  township,  where  he  has 
since  lived.  In  January,  1882,  he  bought  a  farm  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  creek  from 
purchasi — the  two  aggregating  350  acres.  He  also  owns  thirty-six  acres  of  tim- 
ber land  on  the  North  Mountain.'  He  has  had  thirteen  children,  of  whom  six  died  in  in- 
fancy. The  living  are  Alfred,  horn  October  5.  1S59,  married  to  Elizabeth  Jones,  and  liv- 
ing on  his  father's  farm  in  Mifflin  Township;  Emma,  horn  September  9,  1861.  wife  of 
Robert  Lytle,  of  Newton  Township:  Sarah  .1..  bom  September  34,  1862,  wife  of  Philip 
Zinn,  of  Penn  Township;  Naome  Catharine,  born  April  26,  1865,  wife  of  .losiah  Baum, 
and  living  in  Payette  County,  Penn.;  George  Parker,  born  January  16,  1867:  Annie  A., 
born  September  16,  1870;  and  Charles  E.,  born  March  6.187."),  the  last  three  living  at 
home.  Mr  and  Mrs.  Barrick  are  members  of  the  United  Brethren  Church.  Starling 
humbly  in  life,  he  has,  by  his  correct  habits  and  sterling  character,  acquired  a  fair  share 
of  this  world's  goods  and  the  confidence  and  respect  of  his  fellow-men. 

W,  I. INN  DUNCAN,  farmer.  P.  (.).  Oakville,  is  a  grandson  of  John  Duncan,  of 
Southampton  Township,  Cumberland  County,  who  died  there  many  years  ago.  and  who 
had  eleven  children:  William.  John  Alexander,  Samuel.  David  D.  G.,  Mary.  Jane  The- 
resa, Eliza,  Sarah  and  Rebecca.  Six  of  these  an-  still  living.  David  D.  G,  known  all 
over  the  county  as   1)    I).  G.  Duncan,  is  W.    Linn's  father,   and  is  living  in  West    1  enns- 

b  Township,  this  county;  his  wife.  Grizchla  (Linn),  was  a  native  of  Southampton 
Township.  Franklin  Co.,  Penn.,  a  daughter  of  William  Linn,  a  prominent  citizen  and 
leading  eldi  r  in  the  Middle  Spring  Church,  and  well  known  in  political  affairs,  in  which 
took  an  active  part.  Mr  and  Mrs.  D.  D.  G.  Duncan  also  had  eleven  children:  W.  Linn, 
Samuel  A,.  David  Glenn,  John  Knox,  James  Patterson.  Mary  Gilbreath,  Emma  Jane, 
Elizabeth  Ann.  Sarah  Ann.  Flora  and  Eva.  W.  Linn,  the  eldest,  bom  December  5,  1845, 
n  Township,  this  county,  was  raised  on  the  farm  on  which  his  lather  now 

id  Me-  Big8pring.    Getting  his  education  in  the  public  schools,  he  acquired  a  busi- 

dning  in  the  Iron  City  College,  Pittsburgh,  and  then  lived  on  the  farm  until  he  was 

twenty  years  of  age,  when,  fora  year,  he  was  in  the  railroad  office  at  Bergeitstown,  Penn.; 
then  returning  to  Cumberland  County  and  buying  a  farm  in  Newton  Township,  near 
Newville,  where  lie  stayed  until  1871,  when  he  rented  it  and  traveled  in  the  \\  tsl  for  three 
then  returning  to  Bergeitstown,  where,  for  four  years,  he  was  assistant  secretary 
and  treasuri  i  ol  the  aavings  bank  at  that  place.     In  1879  he  bought  the  old  John  Gracej 

farm  on  the  Ridge  road,  and  has  settled  down  as  a  fanner.  This  farm  has  been  in  only 
Hire.-  names  since  ii  was  patented,  and  the  papers  relating  to  it  are  now  in  Mr.  Duncan's 

P inn,     December  Id.   1867.   he  married  Arabella  Davidson ,  of  Wesl   Pennsborough 

Town-hip  who  died  January  15,  1872,  leaving  three  children,  one  of  whom  died  in  in- 
fancy. The  living  are  Hugh  Linn,  bom  October  2\  1868,  and  Hudson  Davidson,  born 
Pi  i,iU ary  9  1870.  September  21,  1876,  Mr  Duncan  «  as  married  to  Miss  Lydia  BelleTritt. 
They  have  three  children  lr   i  Linn  Patterson,  born  June  10. 1877;  David  Darnel 

Gl,  „,,,  born  Julj  29   1879;  and  Charlotte  Grizelda,  bom  November  -.'7.  1882.    One  child. 

•For  borough  of  Newville  see  page  447. 


518  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

Matthew  B.  Boyd,  bom  October  26,  1880,  was  instantly  killed  by  the  sudden  starting  of  a 
horse  on  which  he  was  sitting  with  an  older  brother.  Mrs.  Duncan  is  a  great-great-grand- 
child of  Isaac  LeFevre,  who  fled  from  France  late  in  the  seventeenth  century,  to  escape  the 
persecutions  inflicted  on  the  Huguenots,  landing  in  Boston.  His  son.  Philip,  was  Mrs. 
Duncan's  great-grandfather,  and  Philip's  daughter  Elizabeth  was  her  grandmother.  She 
(Elizabeth  LeFevre)  married  Peter  Tritt,  and  her  son  Christian  (Mrs.  Duncan  s  father)  was 
born  July  25,  1796.  in  West  Pennsborough  Township,  where  they  had  come  many  years 
before  and  where  the  family  owned  a  farm  for  over  a  hundred  years.  Christian  Tritt  was 
married  to  Lydia  Stough  and  had  twelve  children.  After  her  death  he  married  Mrs. 
Frances  Charlotte  McCulloch,  and  had  one  child.  Mrs.  Duncan,  who  was  born  August  16, 
1854.  Her  father  died  January  10,  1871;  her  mother  is  now  living  in  Florida.  Mr.  Dun- 
can has  held  many  township  offices.  In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat.  He  and  his  wife  be- 
long to  Big  Spring  Presbyterian  Church.  He  is  a  member  of  Big  Spring  Lodge,  INo.  ibi, 
A.  Y.  M.     He  is  known  as  an  upright  man  and  enterprising  citizen. 

ABRAHAM  ERNST  (deceased)  was  a  native  of  York  County,  born  June  4,  1838.  His 
father  was  also  bom  in  that  county,  and  died  there  in  April,  1885.  He  had  lived  several 
years  in  Perry  County  and  in  Mifflin  Township,  this  county,  where  Abraham  was  princi- 
pally reared  until  he  was  thirteen  years  old,  when  he  came  to  Jacksonville,  Newton  Town- 
ship and  worked  for  James  Kyle  in  the  winter  in  the  store  and  in  the  summer  on  his 
farm,  and  part  of  the  time  engaged  in  other  business.  December  27,  1860,  he  married 
Tabitlia  Ewing,  who  was  born  April  8,  1839.  Her  father.  George  Ewing,  died  on  his  farm 
in  this  township  in  1849.  After  their  marriage  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ernst  farmed  in  Mifflin  Town- 
ship for  a  year  and  in  Franklin  County  for  three  years.  In  August,  1864,  he  and  George 
Clever  of  Cleversburg,  bought  the  store  in  Jacksonville  (to  which  he  moved  the  following 
spring),  and  in  1867  built  the  new  brick  store,  in  which  he  carried  on  business  until  his 
death.  In  1874  he  built  a  fine  brick  residence  adjoining,  in  which  be  died  March  5,  188^. 
While  living  here  he  also  bought  a  farm  at  Jacksonville.  He  and  Mr.  Clever  also  bought 
a  store  and  dwelling  in  Milltown,  Dickinson  Township,  still  owned  by  Mrs.  Ernst-  also 
had  stores  at  White  House,  Centreville.  Lee's  Cross  Roads,  and  Morversville.  Mr  Clever 
bein"'  partner  with  Mr.  Ernst  in  all  business  transactions  up  to  the  latter's  death.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Ernst  had  eleven  children,  four  of  whom  died  in  infancy.  Those  now  living  are 
George  Ewing,  born  June  19.  1861,  who  conducts  the  store,  and  is  universally  known  as 
an  energetic,  pushing  and  rising  young  merchant  of  excellent  habits  and  character;  Anna 
Ella  bom  November  21,  1862,  wife  of  Dr.  H.  H.  Longsdorf.  of  Centreville;  Lincoln  Will- 
iams bom  December  3,  1865,  working  his  mother's  farm;  Bradford  Patterson,  boru  Feb- 
ruary 20,  1868;  Alice  Belle,  born  May  25.  1862;  Conrad  Clever,  born  May  27,  1874.  and 
Oren  Roscoe,  born  May  26.  1880.  Mr.  Ernst,  though  taking  much  interest  in  political 
affairs,  never  held  office.  He  was  a  regular  attendant  at  the  United  Presbyterian  Church 
at  Newville,  of  which  his  widow  is  a  member.  He  left  to  her  and  his  children  not  only  a 
competence,  but  the  better  heritage  of  a  good  name. 

DANIEL  HEBERLIG,  farmer.  P.  O.  NewvUte,  is  a  great-grandson  of  Rudolph 
Heberlig,  the  founder  of  the  Heberlig  family  in  this  country,  who  came  from  Switzerland 
before  the  Revolutionary  war,  and  settled  in  Berks  Countv.  Penn.,  between  Reading  and 
Adamstown.  Rudolph  Heberlig  was  twice  married,  having  by  his  first  wife  two  sons  John 
and  Rudolph,  and  two  daughters  names  unknown.  His  second  wife  had  no  children. 
John  (grand lather  of  Dauiel)  was  born  in  Berks  County,  Penn.,  and  married  Martha 
Schoenhouer;  they  had  eight  children:  Rudolph.  John.  Jacob,  Samuel,  Benjamin,  Joseph, 
Mary  and  Elizabeth,  all  born  in  Berks  County.  Penn.  In  1811  they  removed  to  this  county 
and  settled  on  a  farm  at  Glenu's  Mills,  near  Newville,  where  both  the  parents  died.  Ru- 
dolph-(father  of  Daniel)  married  Susan  Hard,  of  Berks  County,  and  had  ten  children: 
John,  Jacob.  Daniel.  Rudolph.  Samuel.  Catharine,  Susan.  Elizabeth,  Martha  and  Mary. 
The  father  of  this  uumerous  family  died  in  1863.  the  mother  the  year  previous.  Our  sub- 
ject was  born  May  30,  1812,  and  lived  at  home  until  his  marriage,  in  March,  1836,  with 
Miss  Sarah,  daughter  of  Peter-  Utley,  of  Frankford  Township,  and  who  was  born  in  1818 
and  died  April  9,  1863.  Thev  had  twelve  children:  Samuel,  born  January  17.  1838  living 
in  West  Pennsborough  Township,  this  couuty;  Mary  Jane,  born  September  28.  1840.  mar- 
ried to  John  Heberlig,  of  Newville.  Penn.;  Margaret,  born  August  25.  1842,  living  with 
her  father-  Rebecca,  bom  May  28.  1844.  died  April  24.  1867;  William,  born  July  9,  1846, 
died  November  2^  1S51;  David  Porter,  born  June  28.  1848.  died  May  13,  1850;  Susanna 
E  born  February  11.  1850.  died  December  2.  1850;  Sarah  Belle,  born  December  2.  1851, 
died  December  14.  1857:  Anna  Martha,  bom  January  14,  1854,  liviug  at  borne.  Daniel, 
boru  July  21  1856,  died  February  6.  1857;  Nancy  Ellen,  born  August  7.  1858,  died  May  26, 
1861  and  John  Edwin,  born  September  27.  1861,  living  at  home.  Mr.  Heberlig  was  mar- 
ried to  his  second  wife,  Mrs.  Rebecca  E.  Dobbs.  December  11,  1879.  They  have  no  chil- 
dren After  his  marriage  our  subject  farmed  in  Frankford  Township,  this  county,  tor  a 
year  in  West  Pennsborough  Township  for  a  year,  then  in  Frankford  Township  again  tor 
ten  years  and  then  removed  to  the  Samuel  W.  Sharp  farm,  in  Newton,  where  he  lived  for 
eighteen  years.  In  1866  he  bought  the  farm  on  the  State  road,  on  a  part  of  which  he 
now  lives  retired,  having  built  a  new  house  on  it.     He  has  never  held  public  office,  but 


NEWTON   TOWNSHIP.  518 

la  satisfied  with  the  reputation  of  an  honest,  well  to  do  farmi  r      He  ami  his  wife  and  all 
,l„.  [umii,  :ll  bome  are  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church  in  Newville. 


ras  for  years,  before  and  after,  a  justice  of  the  peace  in  Middlesex  township.  He  mar 
i,,l  m  ,,'v  daughter  of  Samuel  Miller,  a  wealthy  settler  in  thai  township,  whose  will,  on 
il,.  in  Carlisle   is  a  curiosity.     One  of  their  sons,  also  named  Samuel,  was  the  grandfather 

"      •        1     T  i         II  I  T  :  1 .  .  C      i   ' Qniiinn       it.        V  ,  .  i .    I  ,  .  l  i     '  V  .  .  CD  1 1  ..  1  i  I  I  1 


,,,  i;, ,,,,,.,  Hayg  He  married  Isabella  Eilgore,  of  Green  Spring,  in  Newton  rownship, 
and  lived  in  the  house  uow  occupied  by  his  grandson  adjoining  the  Irvine  Mill,  on  the  Big 
Soring  Here  the  father  of  our  subject,  as  well  as  he,  was  born,  and  here  the  father  or 
Samuel  firsl  lived  for  many  years,  bul  afterward  removed  to  Newville,  where  he  engaged 
in  in  ircantile  business  for  thirteen  years.  His  wife  was  Maggie,  daughter  of  it.  M.  Hays, 
,!,«.,,  o|  Oakville  uow  of  Newville.  They  had  two  children,  of  whom  one  died  an  infant; 
theotheris  Robert  Hays,  who  was  born  February  11.  1863.  The  elder  Irvine  returned 
to  the  farm  in  1876  and  here  his  wife  and  younger  son  died.  Later  he  was  married  to 
\nnie  daughter  of  John  Wagner,  of  Newville.  and  a  year  after  removed  to  that  place, 
where  he  again  engaged  in  business.  In  the  fall  of  1884  he  sold  out  and  went  to  Sioux 
Oiti  [owaTwberehe  now  re-ides.  In  1880  Mr.  Irvine  took  the  farm,  which  he  has  since 
.  :  He  i-  i  member  of  Big  Spring  Presbyterian  Church,  an  upright  and  thrifty 
man  ami  a  good  citizen.  xt       .,,     .  -  T  <-, 

DAN1E1  EENDIG  retired  farmer.  P.  0,  .Newville.  is  a  native  of  Lancaster  County, 
lVnn  where  his  fatherand  grandfather  were  both  born.  His  father,  Tobias  Eendig,  was 
born  about  1770  and  died  in  this  township  in  1855.  He  was  united  in  marriage  with 
Mary  Bowman,  of  Lancaster  County,  Penn.,  and  had  eight  children:  Abraham,  who  died 
in  rfhio,  nearlj  thirty  years  ago;  Henry,  who  died  in  Newville  m  1875;  Elizabeth, 
widow  of  Peter  Rowe,  of  Newton  Township;  Rudolph,  who  died  in  1880;  Lman- 
ue]  wfl0  died  i,,  1866;  Tobias,  who  died  before  the  family  came  to  the  county;  Jacob, 
who  lives  in  Franklin  County,  and  Daniel,  who  was  born  June  0.  1800.  Our  subject 
learned  the  trade  of  shoe-making,  and  followed  it  for  ten  years,  when  he  became  a 
drover  stock-dealer  and  farmer  on  the  farm  he  now  owns  across  the  road  from  where  he 
\!m.n  twenty-three  years  ago  he  retired,  renting  his  farm  December  10, 
1835  he  married  Susanna  Kuth.  who  was  born  July  29,  1805,  and  died  April  18,  LS7.4. 
Thev  had  three  children;  John  Francis,  born  December  4,  1837,  who  lives  in  this  town- 
ship'; Daniel  Bowman,  born  June  30,  1840,  who  died  February  16,  1861  and  Wriliam 
llenrv    born  September  ID.  1841.  living  on  the  next    farm  to  his   lather.      May  1.  1878,  Mr. 

Keudi"  married  Elizabeth  (Scheffler)  Jacoby,  widow  of  Peter  Jacoby,  by  whom  she  had 
two -on-  and  one  daughter:  William.  Maria  and  David.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kendig  have  no 
children  by  their  second  marriage.  Mr.  Kendig  has  been  supervisor,  road-master,  etc.,  in 
this  township.  He  and  his  wife  are  regular  attendants  of  the  Church  of  God,  Green 
Springs      He  is  known  as  a  shrewd,  careful  and  honorable  man. 

HENRY  KII.LIAN.  farmer,  P.  0.  Newville.  is  a  son  of  John  Killian,  a  native  of  Lan- 
caster County   Penn  .  whose  father  settled  there  on  his  emigration  from  Europe.     In  1823 

J0hn  Killian  came  to  Mifflin  Township.  Ibis  county,  where  he  stayed  seven  years;   then  in 

West  Pennsborough  Township  for  a  year;  in  Mifflin  Township  again  for  threeyears;  i  hence 
moved  to  NewtonTownship,  where  he  lived  eleven  years  on  the  Sharp  farm.  In  1845  he 
bougbta  farm  on  the  creek,  to  which  he  removed  the  following  spring,  and  where  he 
died"  lie  married  Elizabeth  Long,  of  Lancaster  County.  They  had  nine  children:  Chris- 
tina who  was  twice  married  and  is  now  the  widow  of  John  Mellinger;  Lydia,  widow  of 
Samuel  Geese;  Charles,  deceased;  Abraham,  married  to  Susan  Sigler,  and  living  in  New- 
vjH,.   penn;  Eli  d   wasthewifeof  Elias  Diehl;  John,  married  to  Catharme  Iry, 

died  in  Illinois  Margarel  who  died  in  her  brother  Henry's  house  December  29,  1884; 
irried  to  Elias  Diehl  (after  her  sister  Eliza's  death),  and  after  his  demise  mar- 
ried to  William  Shaeffer,  and  died  in  September,  1884,  and  Henry.  Oursubjecl  was  bora 
ier2  181J  in  Lancaster  Countv.  I'enn.  December  -Ml.  lHWS.  he  married  Ann  Eliza 
J, me-  a  native  of  Silver  Spring  Tp.,  this  county.  For  a  year  after,  he  lived  in  Franklin 
Count;  Penn  and  then  for  a  year  on  a  farm  adjoining  where  he  now  lives.  Thence  he 
went  to  thefarmof  Roberl  McParland,  staving  fourteen  years,  when  he  and  William 
McFarland   bo  i  on  the  Big  Spring,  on  which  the  latter  erected  a  paper-mill. 

A  few  years  later  Mr.  Killian  bought  his  partner's  interest  in  the  farm,  to  whicl 

moved,  selling  il  three  years  later  and  buying  the  McKinney  farm,  on  which  his  son  John 

now  lives      Here  he  farmed  nineteen  years,  when  he  retired  and  moved  io  his  present 

,  id  previously  built.     He  is  the  father  of  eight  children:  John,  born 

1837   m  irried  to  Wilhelmina  Heberlig;  Catharine,  born  April  :!.  1840,  widow 

Of  Henry  Livingstone:  Samuel,  born   March  20,  1842,  married  to   Mary  Jane   Drake,  of 

Slroudsburg    who  died  in  Kansas  (he  returned  to  Newville.  and  is   now  husband  Of   Alice 

also   of   Siroud-burg.    Penn.);  Jacob,  born   October    15,    1844    married    Susan itt 

Brehm  and  lives  on  a  farm  of  his  father;  Eliza,  born  May28,  1847,  died  December  83,  1806; 


520  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHED 

Lucetta.born  December  2, 1849,  wife  of  G.Allen  Brehm;  Henry,  born  April  5,1852.married  to 
Jane  E.  Westafer,  living  on  another  of  bis  father's  farms;  and  Lydia  Belle,  born  October  30, 
1854,  wife  of  David  A.  Cromleigh,  now  of  Mechanicsburg.  Mr.  Killian  has  been  school  di- 
rector, appraiser,  and  has  held  many  other  township  offices.  Beginning  life  without  any 
advantages,  he  and  his  wife  have,  by  industry  and  thrift,  accumulated  a  competence  now 
owning  four  farms.  They  have  reaped  the  fruits  of  a  well  spent  life,  and  in  the  evening 
of  their  days  are  enjoying  its  comforts.  Both  are  devout  members  of  the  Lutheran 
Church. 

WILLIAM  CARNAHAN  KOON8,  farmer,  P.  0.  Newville.is  a  grandson  of  Isaac  koons, 
who  came  from  Lancaster  County,  where  he  was  born  in  1700;  his  wife  was  Margaret  E. 
Swartz,  also  of  Lancaster.  About  the  close  of  the  Revolutionary  war  they  settled  at  a 
place  called  "Thunder  Hill,"  three  miles  northwest  of  Newville.  He  died  August  15, 
1830,  in  his  seventy-first  year,  and  his  widow  April  11,  1833,  in  her  sixty-second  year. 
Their  children  were  David,  Isaac,  John,  Jacob,  Adam,  George,  Philip,  Joseph,  Eliza- 
beth, Catherine  and  Mary.  They  are  all  deceased.  Isaac  was  the  father  of  William  Car- 
nalian  Koons,  and  was  born  in  1793.  His  wife  was  Jane  Carnahan.  They  had  nine  sons 
and  one  daughter,  Margaret,  who  died  young.  The  sons  were  Robert  Carnahan,  Isaac, 
John  McDowell,  William  Carnahan,  Alexander  Sharp,  Thomas  Sharp,  Adam,  James  and 
Joseph.  Robert  C.  and  Isaac  went  to  Indiana,  where  they  both  died;  Thomas  S  died  on 
the  old  homestead;  John  McD.  is  living  in  Indiana;  Alexander  S.  is  living  in  Nebraska; 
William  C,  Adam,  James  and  Joseph  live  in  Newton  Township.  The  father  of  this 
family,  Isaac,  was  a  farmer  and  tanner  on  the  Green  Spring,  in  Newton  Township,  near 
Conodoguinet  Creek,  where  he  purchased  a  farm  in  1826,  on  which  he  built  the  house  in 
which  his  son  Joseph  now  lives.  Here  he  died  November  19,  1874,  aged  eighty-two.  He 
was  a  plain  man,  kind,  contented,  outspoken,  determined  and  preserving.  His  integrity 
was  unswerving,  and  his  character  above  all  suspicion  of  reproach.  He  began  life  a  poor 
boy,  but  by  thrift  and  careful  habits  accumulated  a  considerable  property,  which,  with 
the  heritage  of  a  good  name,  he  bequeathed  to  his  children.  His  wife  was  born  in  1795, 
and  died  August  11,  1866,  in  her  seventy-first  year.  She  was  a  daughter  of  Robert  Carna- 
han, a  son  of  William  Carnahan,  who  came  to  Mifflin  Township  soon  after  the  first  settle- 
ment, which  was  made  in  1729  or  1730.  Robert  Carnahan  was  married  to  Judith  McDow- 
ell in  1784.  Their  children  were  William,  Robert,  Margaret  and  Jane.  William  went  to 
Indiana  in  1835,  and  died  there  in  1879,  aged  eighty-three.  Mrs.  Koons  was  a  quiet,  pa- 
tient, industrious,  kind-hearted  woman,  and  much  of  her  husband's  success  in  life  was  due 
to  the  constant  care  which  she  exercised  in  the  affairs  of  the  house.  William  Carnahan 
Koons  was  born  February  27,  1827.  and  with  the  exception  of  attendance  at  the  common 
schools  and  two  sessions  at  the  Big  Spring  Academy,  he  had  no  other  facilities  for  acquir- 
ing an  education.  He  worked  on  the  farm  until  1857,  when.  January  22.  he  was  married 
to  Mary  Jane,  daughter  of  James  Stewart,  of  Mifflin  Township,  where  she  was  born  Au- 
gust 20,  1821.  They  had  five  children,  three  dying  in  infancy,  and  a  son.  William  Carna- 
han, born  December  23,  1857,  died  June  24,  1875.  The  surviving  son  is  James  Stewart, 
born  December  7,  1859.  who  is  unmarried  and  living  with  his  parents.  For  four  years  af- 
ter his  marriage  Mr.  Koons  farmed  on  shares,  and  in  April,  1861,  removed  to  the  farm  he 
now  owns,  but  which  then  belonged  to  his  father.  Here  he  has  since  remained,  attending 
strictly  to  his  own  affairs.  When  not  at  work  he  was  busy  with  his  books  and  papers. 
A  desire  to  maintain  right  and  oppose  wrong  sums  up  and  explains  the  rest. 

JAMES  McCULLOCH,  farmer,  P.  O.  Big  Spring,  is  a  great-grandson  of  John  McCul- 
loch,  who  emigrated  from  the  North  of  Ireland,  and  settled  in  what  is  now  Mifflin  Town- 
ship, but  afterward  removed  to  a  farm  near  Newville,  which  is  still  owned  by  and  in  pos- 
session of  some,  of  his  descendants.  He  had  three  sons;  John,  William  and  James;  and 
five  daughters:  Susanna,  married  to  Ezekiel  Mitchell,  who  in  an  early  day  emigrated  to 
Kentucky;  Elizabeth,  married  to  Robert  McCormick,  of  Path  Valley;  Margaret,  married 
to  James  Hill,  who  also  went  West;  Sarah,  married  to  Richard  Patton,  and  Jane,  married 
to  James  McKinstry.  James  was  the  grandfather  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  He  was 
born  in  1761  or  1762.  Though  quite  young  at  the  time,  he  drove  a  team  in  the  army  of  the 
Revolution.  In  or  about  the  year  1790  he  purchased  600  acres  of  land  bordering  upon 
and  extending  back  about  one  mile  from  Big  Spring,  near  its  source,  nearly  all  of  which 
is  still  owned  by  some  of  his  descendants.  He  was  married  June  7,  1792,  to  Mary  Hen- 
derson, daughter  of  Thomas  Henderson,  whose  wife's  name  was  Wharton.  From  this 
union  eight  children  were  born,  viz.:  John,  Thomas  and  William,  each  of  whom  owned 
and  occupied  a  portion  of  the  home  farm  during  life;  James,  once  register  of  wills  of 
this  county  and  afterward  a  physician,  who  died  at  Muncie,  Ind.;  Sarah,  married  to 
James  Huston;  Eliza,  married  to  Andrew  Coyle;  Mary  Jane,  married  to  Samuel  Piper, 
and  Margaret  Anne,  married  to  David  Jackson  McKee— of  whom  Mrs.  Coyle,  Mrs.  Piper 
and  Mrs.  McKee  are  the  only  survivors.  Thomas  McCulloch,  the  father  of  James,  was 
born  April  2,  1797,  on  the  farm  where  he  spent  most  of  his  life,  and  where  he  died  Febru- 
ary 16,  1868.  April  3, 1823,  he  was  married  to  Isabella  Blean,  daughter  of  Robert  Blean,  an 
only  son  of  David  Blean,  who  settled,  in  an  early  day.  upon  the  farm  on  Big  Spring,  now 
owned  by  David  Duncan.     Robert  Blean  married  Mary  Craig,  and  had  ten  children,  nine 


NEWTON   Township.  521 

of  whom   reached   mature  age,  viz.:  John,  David,  Robert,  William,   Isabella   (wife  of 
McCulloch),  GrizelleTwife  of  James  Fulton),  Mary  (wife  of  Alexander  Thomp 


tober28,  1889,  who  died  August  34,  1850;  David,  born  January  25,  1883,  now  an  attorney 
in  Peoria,  111  .  where  for  eight  years  he  was  judge  of  the  circuit  court,  and  six  years  of 
that  time' assigned  to  duty  as  one  of  the  justices  of  the  appellate  courl  of  the  State;  Mary 
Ellen,  wife  of  William  8.  Morrow,  living  in  Chambersburg,  and  Isabella,  who  died  in  in- 
fancy. James  owns  and  lives  upon  the  farm  owned  by  his  father  in  his  lifetime,  having 
never  left  the  place  of  his  nativity.  February  4,  1847,  he  was  united  in  marriage  with 
Mi--  Martha  Brown,  daughterof  Joseph  Brown,  Esq.,  of  West  Pennsborough  Township. 
To  this  union  three  children  were  horn,  viz.:  Isabella  Craig,  born  November  5,  1848,  wife 
of  .1    Sharp  Hemphill,  now  living  On  part  of  her  father's  farm;    Nancy   .lane,  horn  May  30, 

1850.  living  with  her  father,  and  Man  Qrizelle,  born  June  '2P,  1852,  died  September  26, 
188l!  who  was  the  wife  of  Prof .  John  C.  Sharp,  a  noted  worker  in  educational  matters. 
Mi  -     McCulloch  died  April  10,   185  I.  and  is  buried  in  the  United  Presbyterian  (  Vmetery  at 

Spring,  of  which  church  both  she  and  her  husband  were  members.  He  is  one  of  the 
most  prominent  citizens  of  this  township,  a  sell'  made  man  who,  without  the  educational 
facilities  of  the  present  day,  has.  by  force  of  character,  observation,  reading  and  good 
judgment,  became  one  of  the  best  informed  men  of  this  part  of  the  county,  and  whose  opin- 
ion has  weight  among  his  neighbors.     In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat. 

HUGH  Met  IN  E,  farmer,  P.  O.  Oakville,  is  a  grandson  of  Robert  McCune,  who  came 
from  Ireland  about  the  middle  of  the  last  century.  The  hitter's  son,  Hugh,  father  of  our 
subject,  was  born  in  this  county  in  IT?'-.',  and  died  in  1828.  His  wife  was  Kebeeca  (Brady) 
McCune     Their  children  were  as  follows:  Isabella,  born  April  18,  1797,  wife  of  William 

Duncan,  now  deceased;  .lane,  born  April  26,  1799,  wife  of  James  Boyd,  and  also  deceased; 
Hannah,  born  August  9,  1803,  deceased;  Robert,  horn  September  28,  1804,  married  Nancy 
ciiiti  and  died  in  Illinois;  John,  born  May  24,  1807  married  Jane  Henderson,  and  died 
in  Hopewell  Township;  James,  born  February  5,  1809,  married  Matilda  Williams,  and 
lives  m  Westmoreland  County.  Penn. ;  Samuel,  horn  April  2,  1811.  deceased;  Elizabeth, 
born  May  18,  1811,  deceased;  Joseph,  born  March  17,  1818,  married Sallie  Crider,  and  died 
on  the  home  farm,  and  Hugh,  our  subject,  born  December  15,  1815,  on  the  place  where  he 
now  lives,  in  a  brick  bouse  built  by  Hugh  and  Joseph.  The  property  has  never  since 
been  out  of  the  family.  His  father's  farm  is  now  owned  entirely  by  our  subject,  who  has 
never  left  it.  and  who'  is  now  recognized  as  one  of  the  industrious  and  thrifty  farmers  of 
the  neighborhood,  who  have  done  much  to  develop  the  agricultural  resources  of  the 
county.  By  liis  strictly  temperate,  industrious  and  upright  habits  he  has  accumulated  a 
competence,  and  enjoys  in  a  high  degree  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  all.  Though  of 
strong  political  convictions,  he  has  never  sought  office,  preferring  to  aid  his  party  without 
-i  If  seeking.  An  old  line  Whig,  be  is  now  a  Republican.  He  is  a  member  of  Big 
Sprin  Church      nd  takes  a  warm  interest  in  temperance  matters  and  all 

oilier  good  work-. 

SAMUEL  ALBERT  McCUNE.  retired  farmer,  Oakville.  isa  great-grandson  of  James 

McCune,  whocame  here  I at  the  middle  of  the  last  century,  with  his  brother  Robert. 

from  Ireland,  and  jointly  took  up  a  tract  of  437  acres  of  land,  where  his  descendants  now 
live,  and  which  is  now  in  their  possession.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  has  a  receipt  dated 
Ap...  I  i  ihe  Stale  Treasurer,  for   S 11 1  patent    Ices  for   135  acres  of  the  original 

tract,  and  it  -tales  that  il  is  surveyed  on  two  warrants  to  Robert  and  James  McCune,  one 
dated  May  18,  1763,  and  the  other  October  20.  1766.  James'  son  Samuel  was  Samuel  Al- 
bert's grandfathi  r.  He  R  as  burn  where  his  grandson  now  lives,  in  1770,  and  died  Novem- 
ber 16,  1813  His  wife  was  Hannah  Brady,  born  January  1,  1776.  and  died  May  16,  1847. 
They  bad  eleven  children,  of  whom  two  died  in  infancy.  The  others  were  Jane,  born  Oc- 
:  L7H5  who  became  the  wife  of  John  Sharp;  James,  bom  January  22.  1799;  Addie, 
born  December  9,  1798;  Margaret,  born  April  9,  1801,  was  the  wife  of  Moses  Eirkpatrick; 
Rachel,  born  July  37,  1803;  Hugh  Brady,  born  October  11,  1805;  William,  bom  January 
23,  1807;  Rebecca,  born  October  8.  1811,  and  Samuel,  born  April  9,  1814.  Of  this  numer- 
ous familj  bin  one  remains  Rebecca,  single,  and  living  in  her  nephew's  house.  Hugh 
Braih  .  fathei  of  Samuel  Albert,  lived  all  his  life  on  the  farm.  Starting  poor  he  acquired 
a  farm  and  other  property  in  the  West.  He  died  in  September,  1881.  His  wife  was  Isa- 
bella Jane  Kirkpatrick,  who  is  now  living  with  her  daughter,  Hannab  M.  Their  ten  chil- 
dren were  Jane  Elizabeth,  Eleanor  Culhertson,  Rebecca  Shields.  Hannah  Malvina,  Mar- 
garet,   Samuel  Albert,    William    Alexander,   J. dm    Kirkpatrick,  Cyrus    Brady    and    James 

Henderson.  Hannah  M  is  the  only  daughter  living.  She  is  the  wife  of  Robert  Fulton, 
of  Big  8pring.  West  Pennsborough  Township.  The  sons  are  all  living,  except  William 
A.,  who  died  M.u  37,  1883.  Samuel  A.  was  born  May  1*.  1842.  Alter  I  a\  inp  chool  be  at 
tended  Duff 's  Commercial  College,  in  Pittsburgh.    During  school  intervals  he  worked  on 

the  farm,  and  the   habits  of  industry  acquired  were  strengthened  by  the  strict  religious 


522  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES : 

training  of  God-fearing  parents.  August  2,  1862,  he  enlisted  in  Company  E,  One  Hun- 
dred and  Thirtieth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  on  the  following  18th  of  September,  in 
the  great  battle  of  Antietam,  received  two  wounds— one  from  a  musket  ball,  in  his  right 
armband  another  by  being  struck  in  the  right  side  by  a  piece  of  rebel  shell.     He  was  sent, 


uei,  on  ins  ueaui,  in  rcuiumj,  j.<jui,  riu  mm  >»v ~,  —  ■■ — - 

years  past  Mr  McCune  has  been  a  member  of  the  executive  committee  of  the  Cumber- 
land County  Temperance  Alliance  since  its  organization,  and  was  one  of  the  standing 
committee  of  the  Prohibition  party  in  the  last  State  election.  He  has  been  for  several 
years  a  ruling  elder  in  the  Big  Spring  Presbyterian  Church,  and  has  ever  since  Us  organi- 
zation, been  a  teacher  in  the  Sabbath-school  at  Oakville.  He  is  known  as  an  upright 
Christian  man  of  blameless  life  and  character. 

HENRY  MANNING,  merchant,  Oakville.  This  gentleman  is  descended  on  the  pater- 
nal side  from  the  family  of  the  name  who  originally  came  from  England,  and  who  are  re- 
lated to  the  same  family  of  whom  the  celebrated  Cardinal  Manning  is  the  representative 
head  The  Teat-grandfather  of  our  subject  emigrated  and  settled  in  Lancaster  County 
Penu  before  the  war  of  the  Revolution.  He  married  a  lady  of  German  extraction,  and 
both  died  there.  Ilis  son  George  (Henry's  grandfather)  was  born  in  Manor  Township, 
Lancaster  Co.,  Penn.,  about  1788  or  1790,  and  died  a  few  years  ago,  aged  ninety.  His 
wife  was  Mary  Kendig,  member  of  a  family  still  among  the  leading  citizens  of  that  place. 
Their  children  were  John,  Christian.  Martin  and  Elizabeth,  all  now  living.  John  (lather 
of  our  subieet)  was  born  in  1813.  in  Dauphin  County,  Penn.,  to  which  his  parents  had  re- 
moved In  1832  he  married  Miss  Lydia  Culp,  of  Lancaster  County,  Penn.,  and  continued 
to  live  on  his  father's  farm  until  1837,  at  which  time  he  moved  to  Silver  Spring  lownship, 
Cumberland  Co.  Mrs.  John  Manning,  on  her  mother's  side,  was  of  the  Boughter  family, 
who  were  prominent  in  that  region  in  the  war  of  the  Revolution,  and  of  whom  many  an- 
ecdotes are  told  in  that  locality,  she  died  in  1864.  To  John  and  Lydia  (Culp)  Manning  were 
born  six  children:  Henry,  born  October  29,  1834;  Abraham,  born  in  1839.  married  to  Miss 
Emma  Leeds,  of  Carlisle,  and  now  living  at  Mount  Joy,  Lancaster  County;  John  born  in 
1842  married  to  Emma  Sanderson,  of  Newville,  and  is  now  living  in  Cnambersburg; 
Sarah  born  in  1846,  is  wedded  to  William  Hauck,  of  Silver  Spring  Township,  this  county; 
Lillie  born  in  1852,  is  the  wife  of  Levi  Baer,  of  same  township;  and  Anderson,  born  in 
1856  'is  single  ticket  agent  at  Oakville;  Henry  was  born  at  Middletown,  Dauphin 
County  the  rest  in  Silver  Spring  Township,  this  county.  When  sixteen  years  of  age 
Henry  Manning  left  home  to  learn  the  milling  trade,  serving  a  two  years  appren- 
ticeship when  he  went  to  Ohio  for  a  year;  then  worked  a  year  for  I.  B.  Buy- 
son  of'  Hampden  Township,  this  county,  after  which  he  began  the  business  on  his 
own  account  at  the  old  Silver  Spring  mill  in  that  township.  At  this  time  he  was 
but  twenty  years  old.  He  carried  on  this  mill  successfully  until  1862,  when  he  entered 
into  partnership  with  J.  H  Singiser,  of  Meehanicsburg,  Penn..  and  bought  the  mill  at  the 
head  of  the  Bi"  Spring.  Mr.  Manning  sold  his  intetest  to  his  partner  in  1867  and  pur- 
chased the  warehouse  property  in  Oakville,  where  he  carries  on  the  grain  ami  forwarding 
business  February  18,  1862.  he  was  married  to  Maggie,  daughter  of  George  Beistline;  ot 
Silver  Spring  Township,  born  May  19,  1839.  Thev  have  one  son  now  living:  Edgar  Stu- 
art born  October  8.  1860,  who  lives  with  his  parents.  Another,  George,  born  November 
°0  'l862  died  October  20,  1865.  Mr.  Manning  has  always  taken  an  active  interest  m  polit- 
ical affairs-  but  was  never  an  office  seeker.  Of  late  his  growing  business  interests  do  not 
admit  of  much  outside  matters.  He  and  his  wife  are  members  of  Big  Spring  Presbyterian 
Church  at.  Newville,  and  he  is  known  as  an  active  business  man  and  upright  citizen. 

ROBERT  MICKEY,  farmer,  P.  O.  Oakville,  is  a  great-grandson  of  Robert  Mickey, 
who  came  from  Ireland  and  settled  in  what  is  now  Newton  Township,  being  one  of 
the  first  settlers  in  the  valley,  and  he  and  his  wife,  Agnes,  are  both  buried  in  the  Big 
Snrinn-  cemetery,  at  Newville.  One  of  their  sons,  also  named  Robert,  was  grandfather  ot 
our  subieet  He  inherited  that  part  of  the  original  tract  on  which  his  grandson  now  lives, 
and  to  which  he  added  largely.  He  was  born  in  1746.  and  lived  all  his  life  on  the  farm, 
where  in  1767  he  built  the  stone  house  in  which  our  subject  was  born.  His  wite  was 
Ezemi'ah  Kelly,  of  York  County.  He  died  December  22,  1828,  aged  eighty-two  years  and 
his  widow  December  8,  1830,  aged  seventy-five  years.  Their  children  were  Andrew, 
Thomas  John,  James,  Mary,  Agnes  and  Margaret,  all  now  deceased.  James  the  lather 
of  Robert  was  born  February  15,  1795,  became  a  farmer,  and  never  removed  from  the 
house  in  which  he  was  born.  He  died  in  the  year  1835,  April  15  1818  he  married  Lu- 
cetta  Carothers,  of  Silver  Spring  Township,  who  was  born  August  11,  1801,  and  died  March 
°0  1869  They  bad  six  children,  two  of  whom  died  young.  One  daughter,  hzemian,  born 
Auril26  ls'O"  became  the  wife  of  Joseph  Moody,  removed  to  Ohio,  and  died  there.  The 
living  are  Mary  Ann,  born  February  19,  1828,  wife  of  William  W.  Frazer  and  living  in 
Missouri-  Hays'  born  August  6,  1833,  married  to  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  John  Kelly,  Esq., 
of  York  County,  and  now  residing  in  California:  Robert,  the  eldest  son,  born  January  14 
1823  until  three  years  ago,  lived  in  the  house  built  by  his  grandfather,  but,  in  1880,  built 


HEWTON  TOWNSHIP.  528 

his  present  house   across  the  road  from  bisbirthplace.     For  Beveral  years  before  hie  death 

■  a  farm  was  rented,  but  when  Robert  was  eighteen  years  of  age  he  took  a  pari 

of  it  into  his  own  hands  for  his  mother,  and  a  feti  years  later  bought  the  shares  of  his 

two  Bisters   giving  him  threi irters  of  the  mansion  farm.     Be  also  owns  the  adjoining 

known  as  the  Thomas  Mickej  farm  In  November,  L846,  he  was  married  to 
Elizabeth,  daughter  of  John  McCulloch,  of  this  mm, ship.  To  this  union  thirteen  chil- 
dren have  been  bora,  three  dying  young.  The  living  are  Sarah  Belle,  wife  of  James  Hemp- 
hill living  in  Kansas;  John  E  .  merchant  of  Oakville  (see  sketch  below);  Lucetta  Ellen,  wife 
of  \\  illiam  Park,  of  Franklin  County;  Mary  Elizabeth,  wife  of  John  Witherspoon,  oi  Frank- 
lin County;  Robert  Austin,  married  to  Mary  Belle  McCoy,  and  living  on  his  father  a  farm; 

married  to  Sarah  11 1,  and  nowwith  the  Carlisle   Manufacturing  Company, 

of  Carlisle   Andrew  Elmer,  Eugeni  Sherman  and  Helen,  all  living  at  home.  QuinnThorn- 
student  at   Lafayette  College.     Mr.  Mickey  has  never  filled  office.     He  and  Ins 
wife  belong  to  Big  Spring  Presbyterian  Church,  and  as  one  of  the  leading  citizens  of 
the  township  is  held  in  high  esteem, 

JOHN  E.  MlcKFY.  merchant,  Oakville,  is  a  son  of  Robert  Mickey,  and  was  bom 
August  3,  1848,  m  the  old  Btone  mansion  house;  wenl  to  the  district  school,  andworkedon 
his  father's  farm  until  L876,  when  be  engagi  .1  in  the  mercantile  business  in  Oakville,  in 
re  formerly  owned  by  his  wife's  father,  J.  K.  Beidler.     He  has  since  conducted  a 
general  Btore  business,  and,  in  connection  therewith,  for  two  years  successfully  carried  on 
the  sewing  machine  trade,  which  he  recently  relinquished,  his  increasing  store  business  de- 
manding nis  entire  time   and  attention.     May  4,    1875,   he   married  Miss  Elizabeth    M., 
oi  .1    K.  Beidler.    To  this  union  three  children  have  been  born,  viz.:  Rosie  Bere- 
nice  born   Ma\  81,  ls7b';  John  Roy,  born  August  25,  1878;  and   Ruth  B..  born  December 
16   1882     Mr. 'Mickey  is  a  member  of  Big  Spring  Lodge,  No  861,  A.  Y.  M.,  of  Newville; 
of  St  John's  Chapter,  No.  171.  and  Si.  John's  Commandery,  No.  8.  both  oi  Carlisle    Mr. 
Mickey  has  never  held   office-,  but  lakes  a  warm  interest   in  political   affairs.      He  and  his 
wife  are  members  of  the  Big  Spring  Presbyterian  Church,  of  Newville,  of  which  he  is  a 
He  lias  also  been  superintendent  of  the  Sunday  school  at  Oakville  fot  two  years 
.   my  of  all  who  know  him  is  that  he  is  our  of  the  best  citizens  of  the 
place,  arising,  pushing  and  energetic  young  man.  perfectly  trustworthy  in  all  his  deal- 
ings.     For  his  ancestral  history,  sec  sketch  above. 

.1.  1).  REA,  retired  farmer.  P.  0.  Newville.  i- a  son  of  George  and  Isabella  (Dunlop)  Rea, 

i  i   whom   was  reared  in  Bedford  County,  IVnn.,  and  came  to  this  county  about 

L880     To  them  were  bom  four  sons  and  three  daughters,  all  now  deceased,  except  J.  D. 

Our  subject    received  a   good   academical  education   and   then   chose   the  occupation  of  a 

Boon  afterward  he  married  Elizabeth  McCullough,  and  by  this  union  were  bom 

ildren;  Q.  Arthur,  a  farmer,  now  cultivating  the  mansion  farm;  Charles  B.,  arrived 

at    manhood's   Mars,    and   contemplates   following   the  calling  of   his  brother;  and    Mary, 

finishing  her  education.    Mrs.  Ri  a  dying  in  1871.  after  a  few  days'  illness,  Mr.  Rea  mar- 
ried, in  is;  I,  Miss  Annie  H.  Hall,   of 'Jersey  City,  of  which  union  there  is  now  living  one 
dlej    Hall,    now    (1886)   a  lad  of  nine   summers.     This  wife   died  in  1883.  and  our 
married,  in  1885,   his  present  wife,   net   Annie  E.  Shelter,  daughter  of  Pr.  Adam 
iininenl  physician  of  Mount  Joy.  Lancaster  Co.,  Penn.     Mr.  Rea  still  resides 
farm  where  he  was  bom.  and  though  he  has  ceased  to  perform  the  mechani- 
cal part  of  agriculture,   he  retains  the  management   and  direction  of  his  farms.      He  has 
iderably,  both  through  the  United  States  and  over  the  continent  of  Europe. 
The  family  are  members  of  church. 

THOMAS  SHARP,  farmer.  P.  O.  Newville.  The  grandfatherof  this  gentleman.  Hole 
ert  Sharp,  came  from  Ireland  before  the  Revolution,  when  quite  B  young  man;  afterward 
returning  and  bringing  with  him  the  rest  of  the  family,  and  locating  bet  W  ecu  the  forks  of 
the  Delaware.  He  married  a  Miss  Margaret  Boyd,  and  a  sister  of  his  married  a  Hemphill. 
his  brother  Alexander  were  wagoners  in  the  Continental  Army.  After  the  war 
came  to  Cumberland  County.  He  had  five  children;  .lames.  John,  David,  Thomas, 
and  Margaret,  who  was  married  to  John  Smith  and  lived  in  Franklin  County  Penn. 
John  Sharp,  tfa  ir  subject,  was  born  on  a  faun  adjoining  where  Thomas  lives, 

in  the  latter  pan  of  17;:;,  and  died  July  12,  1868.    His  wife  was  Martha  Huston.    They 

were  married  in  1814,  and  had  seven   children:   Andrew,  bom  August  25,   1816,  and  died  in 
Margaret,  bom  April  IS.   1818,  never  married,  and  died  .htnu:ir\   '.'7,  1870;   Andrew 

born  March  L9,  1820,  married  Eliza  Jacobs,  and  died  November  18,  L865;  Martha. 
I  ,'.  12,  L822,  died  September  '-'7.  1861;  Robert  Boyd,  born  November  10,  L824,  mar- 

Carothers,  and  died  March 30,  1-71,    Franklin,  born  January  8,  ts:!l,marrn  d  Pau- 
lina Jamieson,  and  is  now  a  resident  of  Columbia  City,  Ind.;  Thomas,  bom  May  29,  1827, 

on   the  mansion  farm,  of  which  his  present  farm    was    then   a  part,      lie   lived    theri     IW     I 

hen  he  took  bis  present  place  from  his  father's  estate   and  baa  Bince  resided  on  it. 

1.,   December,  1863,  be  was  married  to  Margaret  Jane  Jacobs,  of  Mifflin  Township,  this 

county,  and  who  died  April  2,  1873,  aged  forty  seven  years  and  twenty  five  days.     Octo- 

-  ,     ,     in:, ned  in-  second  wife,  Jennie  E.  Maclay,  of  Franklin  County,  Penn., 

who  died  April  1.  1882,  Leaving  no  issue.    Mr.  Sharp  never  held  office,  is  a  member  and 


524  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

trustee  of  the  United  Presbyterian  Church  in  Newville,  and  is  regarded  as  a  man  of  good 
sound  judgment,  ripe  experience  and  unblemished  character. 

R.  L.  SMITH,  of  Oakville,  is  a  son  of  David  Smith  and  a  great-grandson  of  Baltzer 
Smith,  who  came  from  Germany  about  tlie  middle  of  tbe  last  century,  and  settled  in  Lan- 
caster County,  where  he  was  married  and  had  a  family  of  twelve  children.  Of  this  numer- 
ous family  William,  grandfather  of  our  subject,  aloue  survives.  The  family  is  somewhat 
remarkable  for  the  advanced  age  to  which  some  of  its  members  attain.  Baltzer  Smith 
died  when  eighty-six  years  old,  and  several  of  his  descendants  lived  to  be  over  ninety. 
William,  grandfather  of  R.  L.,  was  born  July  1,  1806,  near  Oakville.  In  the  fall  of  1830 
he  was  married  to  Miss  Susan  Forehop,  who  died  in  1879.  and  April  6,  1880,  he  married 
Rebecca,  widow  of  Thomas  lleffeltinger,  of  Frankfurt  Township.  His  children  are  all  by 
the  first  wife.  One  died  in  infancy.  The  others  are  Samuel,  David,  William,  Mary, 
Susan  and  Elizabeth.  The  elder  Smith  bought  his  father's  farm  in  1839,  and  lived  on  it 
for  twenty-eight  years  after  that,  when  he  removed  to  Oakville,  where  he  now  lives. 
David,  father  of  R.  L,,  cropped  his  father's  farm  for  seven  years,  and  then  bought  it  from 
him  in  1873,  and  has  since  lived  in  Oakville.  R.  L.  is  the  only  child.  He  is  studying 
medicine  in  the  office  of  Dr.  Israel  Betz,  of  Oakville,  and  is  intending  to  enter  the  profes- 
sion as  soon  as  practicable.     He  is  a  studious  and  capable  young  man. 

H.  A.  T.  STROHM,  merchant  and  justice  of  the  peace.  P.  O.  Walnut  Bottom.  The 
grandfather  of  this  gentleman  came  from  Germany  about  the  close  of  the  Revolutionary 
war,  and  settled  in  Lancaster  County,  removing  fifteen  years  later  to  this  township. 
He  afterward  sold  bis  farm  here,  and  went  to  Ohio,  where  several  of  his  children  had  lo- 
cated, and  there  he  died  about  twenty-five  years  ago.  He  had  nine  children:  David,  Sam- 
uel, Peter,  Mary  and  Rebecca,  deceased;  and  Levi,  Philip,  Henry  and  Elizabeth,  living. 
Levi,  father  of  our  subject,  was  born  in  1820,  and  was  married,  in  1851.  to  Julia  A.  Coffey. 
For  twenty  years  he  was  a  merchant,  having  four  stores  in  Leesburg  and  in  the  adjoining 
townships,  and  was  also  engaged  in  other  enterprises.  In  1877  he  gave  up  merchandising 
and  retired  to  his  farm  in  Southampton  Township,  where  he  now  lives.  He  is  an  active 
and  prominent  citizen  of  the  township;  he  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church.  They  had  ten  children,  four  of  whom,  Nora,  Agnes,  Flora  and  Mary, 
are  deceased;  the  others  are  James  J.,  married  to  Maggie  Baker,  and  living  in  Leesburg; 
William  B.,  married  and  living  in  Chambersburg;  Wallace  L.,  single  and  living  at  home; 
Abby  A.,  wife  of  Rev.  S.  M.  Mountz.of  Centre  County;  Clara,  living  with  her  parents; 
and  Henry  A.  T.,  who  was  born  June  13,  1852.  who  went  into  his  father's  store  when 
quite  young,  and  stayed  there  until  he  was  twentv-five.  In  1877  he  began  business  for 
himself  at  Rehoboth.  and  in  1879  removed  to  Jacksonville.  October  22,  1878,  he  was 
married  to  MarihaM.,  daughter  of  Thomas  Price,  merchant  of  Lykers,  Dauphin  County,  a 
coal  miner  and  opcator,  also,  in  Somerset  County,  and  a  prominent  man.  Mrs.  Strohm 
was  born  in  18,34.  They  have  had  three  children:  Martha,  born  October  8,  1879,  died  in 
infancy;  Lottie  Esther/born  June  6.  1882,  and  Charles  O.,  born  November  34.  1884.  Mr. 
Strohm  is  a  Democrat  in  politics,  in  which  he  takes  an,  active  interest,  and  is  now  justice 
of  the  peace  in  Jacksonville.  He  is  spoken  of  as  an  enterprising,  active  and  trustworthy 
man,  who  must  rise  in   the  community. 

CHARLES  TRONE,  superintendent  of  the  Big  Pond  Furnace  estate,  Lee's  Cross 
Roads,  is  a  grandson  of  John  Trone,  a  native  of  York  County,  whose  father  was  from 
Germany,  and  who  was  married  to  Polly  Clav.  of  that  county.  They  had  the  following 
named  children:  Jacob,  George,  Conrad,  William,  Charles.  Henry.  Catherine,  Elizabeth, 
Polly.  Rebecca  and  Lydia.  Our  subject's  father.  George,  was  born  March  6,  1795,  and 
followed  the  occupation  of  a  carpenter  and  cabinet-maker  In  1818  he  married  Susanna 
Carl,  of  Hanover.  They  had  ten  children:  Charles,  who  was  the  eldest,  was  born  January 
39.  1819;  Abdel,  born  January  14.  1823.  was  a  member  of  Company  H,  Third  Pennsylvania 
Cavalry,  and  was  wounded  at  Warreuton.  Va..  and  died  from  the  effects  at  Brandy  Station, 
Va.,  January  18,  1861;  Reunem  F.,  born  June  14,  1831,  married  aud  living  in  Columbus, 
Ohio;  George,  born  February  6,  1840.  married  Margaret  Lee,  of  Shippensburg,  now  living 
in  Cincinnati;  Anna  Maria,  born  Sptember  11,1820,  wife  of  David  Reese,  of  Newion 
Township;  Amanda  C.  born  October  29.  1824,  widow  of  Peter  D.  Hendricks,  and  living 
in  Michigan;  Lucinda,  born  September  9.  1827,  was  wife  of  JohnStough.  of  Newville.  and 
died  in  December,  1878;  Emma,  born  April  26,  1835,  is  the  wife  of  John  D.  Lavntv,  of 
Philadelphia;  Catherine  L.,  born  March  26,  1833.  wife  of  John  W.  Donovan,  living  in  Ohio; 
Elizabeth,  born  in  1838.  became  the  wife  of  John  D.  Cole,  of  Shippeusburg.  and  died  in 
Middletown.  Md.  When  Charles  was  twelve  years  old  his  parents  came  to  what  is  now- 
known  as  Cleversburg.  Southampton  Township,  to  a  farm  which  his  father  sold  in  1845, 
engaging  in  business 'and  afterward  at  Ins  trade  in  Shippensburg,  retiring  some  years 
after,  and  died  in  Charles'  house,  July  18.  1876.  aged  eighty-one.  His  wife  died  March  29, 
1*71.  Charles  remained  on  the  farm  until  his  marriage,  when  he  taught  school  for  two 
years;  then  was  clerk  at  Mary  Ann  Furnace,  later  goingto  Shippensburg  until  1855,  when 
he  came  to  the  Big  Pond  Furnace,  bringing  his  family  in  1864.  At  the  time  he  came  it 
was  owned  by  Sehoch  &  Sons,  who  sold  it,  in  1869,  to  P.  A.  Ahl  &  Bro.,  who  disposed  of 
it,  in  1872,  to'  the  Philadelphia  &  Reading  Coal  &  Iron  Company,  who  are  still  its   pro- 


NORTH    MIDDLETON   TOWNSHIP.  525 

prietors.  It  waa  idle  for  Beveral  years,  and  in  isT'.»  was  leased  by  C.  W.  Aid  &  Bon,  who 
pul  ii  in  running  order,  and  would  have  had  it  in  operation  in  a  few  days,  when,  unfor- 
tunately ii  took  fire,  and  the  greater  pari  teas  consumed.  The  property  then  reverted  to 
the  Coal  and  Iron  ( lompany,  and  ha  -  ne\  er  been  rebuilt.  In  all  I  hese  changes  Mr.  Trone 
lia^  been,  and    is   iww    in  charge    of   the  properly.      November   '.',   |S|:i,   he   was   married   to 

A  nn:i  Sierer,  of  Southampton  Township,  who  died  June  '.'ii.  IS74.    They  had  four  children: 
Qeorge,  who  died  in  infancy;  Mary  Ellen,  deceased;  and  Leila,  wife  of   George 

1>     ilo  rsburg.      Mr.    Trone   is   a    member    of   Rehoboth    Methodist  Episcopal 

Church,  of  which  he  is  steward,  and  bears  a  high  character  for  intelligence  and  integrity. 


CHAPTER  LIV. 
NORTH  MIDDLETON  TOWNSHIP. 

REUBEN  FISHBURN,  retired  farmer  and  stock-grower,  P.  0.  Carlisle,  was  born  in 
Dauphin  County.  Penn.,  June  5,  1838,  son  of  John  and  Catharine  (Carmony)  Fishburn, 
natives  of  Dauphin  County  and  of  German  origin.  John  Fishburn  was  a  farmer  all  his 
In,  (  hir  subject  is  the  eighth  born  in  a  family  of  ten  children,  nine  of  whom  grew  to 
manhood  and  womanhood,  lb-  was  reared  on  the  farm  ami  received  his  education  in  the 
common  school  in  Dickinson  Township,  this  county,  where  his  parents  had  moved  in 
1832  and  spent  the  remainder  of  their  days.  Reuben  wisely  chose  the  occupation  of  his 
father  as  his  own,  and  has  succeeded  in  accumulating  a  line  share  of  this  world's  goods. 
His  farm  consists  of  150  acres  of  land,  mostly  under  a  high  state  of  cultivation  and  with 
titsi  class  improvements.  On  tiiis  farm  is  situated  the  meeting-house  and  Spring  Grove 
grave-yard,  said  to  be  the  oldest  burying  ground  in  Cumberland  County.  Mr.  Fishburn 
retired  from  the  active  pursuits  of  life  in  1881,  but  still  resides  on  the  farm.  He  has  been 
twice  married,  <>n  first  occasion,  in  1855,  to  Rebecca  Myers,  who  died  in  the  same  year. 
In  1859  he  married  his  present  wife,  whose  maiden  name  was  Sarah  Elizabeth  Peffer.  and 
who  is  of  German  origin.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Fishburn  have  two  daughters:  Anna  and  Edna, 
residing  at  home.  He  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church,  in  which  he  has 
been  deacon  for  four  years.  In  politics  he  is  a  Republican.  He  has  served  as  school 
it  in  1  his  township. 
QEORGE  GETTER,  farmer  and  stock-grower.  P.  O.  Carlisle,  was  born  in  Germany 
.'?.  1819,  son  of  George  and  Elizabeth  (Zimmerman)  Getter,  also  natives  of 
Germany,  and  who  had  a  family  of  fifteen  children,  twelve  of  whom  attained  maturity. 
Our  subject's  father,  by  occupation  a  farmer  and  carpenter,  served  as  a  soldier  under 
Napoleon  Bonaparte,  and  after  his  discharge  from  the  army  worked  at  farming  in  Ger- 
many until  1S'.'S,  when  he  came  to  America,  and  being  a  poor  man  it  took  the  most  of 
what  he  had  accumulated  to  move  his  large  family  to  Baltimore  County,  Md.  He  was 
v.  ry  devoted  to  his  family,  and  the  anxiety  for  their  welfare,  the  sea  voyage  and  exertion 
of  traveling  so  far.  proved  almost  too  much  for  him;  but  he  was  energetic,  and  soon  ob- 
tained a  position  on  the  Baltimore  Railroad.  He  was  accidentally  killed  nine  weeks  there- 
after, and  the  children  were  thus  thrown  on  their  own  resources  in  a  strange  country.  Our 
SUhji  i,  the  tenth  bom.  was  one  month  in  the  poor  house  and  while  there  attended  school, 
then  bound  out  till  he  was  twenty-one  to  a  man  living  at  Newville,  this  county, 
erring  his  terra  of  service  he  hired  out  to  the  same  man  three  years  longer.  He 
was  married]  in  1841,  to  Mis-  Mary,  daughter  of  Henry  Kendig,  also  of  German  origin. 
Of  the  twelve  children  born  to  this  union  seven  are  living:  Nancy  Ellen,  Henry  K., 
David.  Philip  R  .  Weine,  Leo  and  Jennie.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Getter  are  members  of  the 
Church  of  God,  in  which  he  is  elder,  trustee  and  deacon.  In  business  Mr.  Getter  has  met 
with  marked  success,  ami  by  his  own  exertions  has  acquired  the  well  improved  farm  where 
Polii  ically  he  is  a  Republican. 
GEORGE  I!  WAGGONER,  Farmer  and  -tuck-grower,  Carlisle,  was  born  in  Perry 
Penn.,  .Inly  1.  1845,  SOS  of  Peter  and  .Mary  (Snider)  Waggoner,  natives  of  Penn- 
sylvania and  oi  German  origin.     Peter  Waggoner,  who  has  made  merchant  milling  the 

OCCUpntion  of  hi-  life,  has  met  with  marked  success;   he  moved  to  Missouri  in  1868,  where 

be  resides  a  i  the  present  time,  and  is  engaged  extensively  in  the  milling  business.  George 
B.,  the  sixth  in  a  family  of  seven  chddren,  grew  to  manhood  in  Cumberland  County,  and 
learned  milling  of  his  father.  When  troops  were  called  for  during  the  late  civil  war  he 
enlisted  in  Company  E,  One  Hundred  and  Thirtieth  Pennsylvania   Volunteer  Infantry, 

the  expiration  of  his  time  re  enlisted  in  an  independent  regiment  which  w 
in  Cumberland  County,  and  in  which  he  served  until  the  close  of  the  war.     He  was  in  sev- 


526  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

eral  battles  and  skirmishes,  among  which  may  be  named  Fredericksburg  and  Chancellors- 
ville  After  the  war  he  went  to  Missouri,  where  he  followed  farming  for  two  years  but 
on  account  of  ill  health  he  returned  to  Pennsylvania,  and  then  entered  the  employ  of  C. 
W  Ahl  for  whom  he  worked  eleven  years  in  the  iron  ore  mines,  being  foreman  lor  five 
years  In  1880  he  bought  his  present  farm  of  120  acres  in  North  Middleton  Township, 
where  he  now  resides.  In  1868  he  married  Mary  A.,  daughter  of  Simon  BMountz.  and 
of  German  origin  The  children  born  to  this  union,  now  living,  are  William,  Minnie, 
Maud   Charles,  George,  Mary  and  Grace.     In  politics  Mr.  Waggoner  is  a  Republican. 

HENRY  F  WAGGONER,  carpenter,  P.  O.  Carlisle,  was  born  in  Perry  County, 
Penn  January  8,  1841.  son  of  Henry  W.  and  Elizabeth  (Wagner)  Waggoner,  natives  of 
Pennsylvania  and  of  German  lineage.  His  father  in  early  life  was  a  carpenter  but  in 
later  years  followed  farming.  Henry  F.,  the  sixth  in  a  family  of  twelve  children  (eleven 
of  whom  attained  maturity),  was  reared  on  the  farm,  attending  the  common  school.  He 
worked  with  his  father  on  the  farm  until  lie  was  eighteen,  when  he  learned  the  carpenter  s 
trade  and  followed  this  occupation  until  1872,  when  he  bought  the  farm  of  97  acres  well 
improved  land  in  this  township,  from  which  he  lately  retired  to  follow  his  trade,  his  sons 
carrying  on  the  farm.  The  Waggoner  family  is  prominently  identified  with  the  history 
of  this  county,  the  grandfather,  Abram  Waggoner,  being  an  early  settler  and  widely 
known;  he  served  as  a  soldier  in  the  war  of  1812.  During  the  late  Rebellion.  Henry  i . 
Waggoner  entered  the  army,  in  1862,  as  a  teamster  in  Col.  Hunt's  reserve  heavy  artillery, 
andBserved  all  through  the  Peninsular  campaign,  and  until  after  the  Pope  campaign;  then 
returned  home  to  assist  on  his  father's  farm,  while  his  brothers  were  serving  as  volunteers 
in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac;  then,  in  1803.  his  brother  B.  F.'s  term  having  expired,  the 
latter  took  the  place,  at  home,  of  our  subject,  who  enlisted  in  the  army  and  served  to  the 
close  of  the  war.  He  was  in  the  Two  Hundred  and  Ninth  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Vol- 
unteer Infantry,  and  participated  in  the  battles  of  Fort  Steadman  and  Petersburg.  In 
politics  Mr  Waggoner  is  a  Democrat.  He  has  been  inspector  and  constable  ot  this 
township  four  years.  He  was  married,  in  1868,  to  Rebecca,  daughter  of  Phelix  and  Mar- 
garet (Minich)  Swigart,  and  this  union  has  been  blessed  with  eight  children.  Angelme  0., 
Elmer  K     Estella  J'.,  Ida  M.,  Loris  F.,  Alviu  B.,  Cora  Ellen  (deceased),  and  Althea  Idene. 

WILSON  J.  WAGNER,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  P.  O.  Carlisle,  was  born  in  North 
Middleton  Township,  this  county.  October  20,  1850,  son  of  George  and  Sarah  (btronm) 
Wagner  whose  ancestors  came  from  Switzerland.  His  father,  who  was  a  farmer  all  his 
life,  died  in  this  county  in  1877  at  the  age  of  sixty-six  years;  he  was  a  thorough  business  man, 
and  met  with  marked  success  at  farming,  being  at  the  time  of  his  death  worth  about  $7o,- 
000  most  of  which  he  had  made  by  his  own  exertions.  He  was  a  Democrat  in  politics, 
but  no  office  seeker  and  could  not  be  induced  to  hold  any  official  position.  His  name  was 
originally  spelled  Waggoner,  but  he  instructed  his  sons  to  spell  their  name  W  agner.  Our 
subject  the  second  inYhe  family  of  seven  children  (five  of  whom  are  still  living),  was  reared 
on  the  farm  and  received  his  schooling  in  North  Middleton  Township.  He  has  made  ag- 
riculture his  business,  and  is  the  owner  of  a  farm  of  127  acres  with  first  class  improve- 
ments. Our  subject  has  been  twice  married,  first,  in  1877,  to  Emma,  daughter  of  Vv  llliam 
Jacoby,  who  died  in  1SS0,  leaving  two  children:  George  and  Sidney  Mr.  Wagner  was 
married  on  the  second  occasion,  in  1883,  to  Anna,  daughter  of  John  Armstrong.  Politi- 
cally he  is  a  Democrat. 


CHAPTER  LV. 
PENN    TOWNSHIP. 

JOHN  SAMUEL  BURKHART,  tinner,  P.  O.  Dickinson,  was  born  in  Newville  this 
county  March  s,  1839.  His  father.  Jacob,  son  of  Jacob  and  Elizabeth  Burkhart,  residents 
of  this 'county  from  childhood,  married  Martha,  daughter  of  John  and  Elizabeth  DUler, 
who  were  also  children  of  early  settlers  of  this  county.  The  ancestors  on  both  sides  were 
of  the  old  Mennonite  faith.  After  attaining  his  majority  our  subject  moved,  with  his 
widowed  mother  and  half  brother,  to  Selins  Grove,  Snyder  Co.,  Penn.,  where  he  en  ered 
a  missionary  institute,  to  prepare  for  the  ministry;  he  taught  in  the  intervals  and  had  tlie 
care  of  the  family.  In  August,  1862.  Mr.  Burkhart  enlisted  in  the  One  Hundred  and 
Thirty-first  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry.  He  took  part  in  he  battles  ot 
Fredericksburg  and  Chancel'lorsville,  and  was  discharged  in  May.  1863,  with  the  rank  ot 
orderly  sergeant,  leaving  a  record  as  a  brave  and  faithful  soldier.  Returning  to  Snyder 
County  Penn.,  he  was  compelled  to  give  up  his  course  for  the  ministry,  on  account  of  an 


PENH    TOWNSHIP.  521 

affection  of  the  throat  contracted  while  in  the  army.  In  1865  lie  purchased  a  tin  and  Btove 
gtore  wnii  h  was  destroyed  bj  Bre  February  25,  1873.  Our  subject  married  Miss  Elizabeth 
\  Schock  February  35,  isns'.  and  theyreturned  to  thiscounty  in  May,  1873.  Aiterdevot 
\w  Borne  vrar-  in  looking  after  the  interests  of  bis  mother's  farm,  and  two  years  1 1876  78) 
established  his  shop  in  the  village  of  Centreville,  this  county:  he  does  a 
general  business,  roofing  spouting,  repairing  and  dealing  in  stoves,  tinware,  etc.  Mrs. 
Burkhart  died  April  29,  1882,  a  devoted  wife  and  mother,  an  earnest  Christian,  and  her 
death  was  mourned  by  a  large  circle  of  friends.  Of  hereigbl  children  onlj  three  are  now 
living:  Mary  Emma,  Miriam  Maj  and  Samuel  Bruce.  Mr.  Burkhart  isa  hfe-long  Ri  pub 
lican;  an  earnest  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church.  H<'  is  an  uprighl  and  worthy  citizen, 
highly  respected. 

BAMUEL  CAROTHERS  farmer,  P.  O.  Dickinson,  was  born  March  10,  1839,  in  Penn 
(then  Dickinson)  Township,  thiscounty.  Bis  father,  John  M  Carothers,  came  from  fork 
in  early  manhood,  with  his  parents,  Samuel  and  Jane  (Nesbet)  Caroth- 
ers and  married  Miss  Sarah  Jane  Carothers,  a  very  distant  relative,  a  native  of  Huntingdon 
Couuty,  Penn.  Shedied  in  1842,  and  John  M.  Carothers  again  married,  in  Adams  County, 
Penn  ,  moved  to  Franklin  County,  and  finally  to  this  county,  where  he  died.  Our  sub- 
■eel  Samuel  Carothers,  was  reared  by  his  paternal  grandfather,  in  Penn  Township,  this 
count] .  ami  began  life  farming  his  grandfather's  place.  He  married,  December  34,  1859, 
Miss  Rebecca  Carl,  daughter  of  Peter  and  Eliza  Carl,  early  settlers  of  thiscounty,  he  from 
ountj  and  she  from  Lancaster  County,  Penn.  Since  their  marriage,  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
havi  i  tided  in  Penn  Township,  this  county,  where  they  have  a  pleasant  and 
comfortable  home  and  a  tract  of  about  19  acres  of  fertile  ami  well  improved  land.  The 
i  mother  of  Mrs  Carothers  now  resides  with  them.  To  our  subject  and  wife  have 
been  born  two  sons:  Samuel  Henderson  and  James  Elder,  who  have  both  made  thorough 
preparation  for  the  profession  oi  teaching,  and  are  doing  useful  service  in  that  noble  pro- 
fession, giving  excellent  satisfaction  as  faithful  and  efficient  educators.  .Tames  E.  is  a 
graduate  of  the  State  Normal  School  at  Shippensburg.  Samuel  Carothers  is  a  life-long 
Democrat  He  has  served  bis  township  as  assessor  one  year,  and  also  as  school  director 
and  as  supervisor.  He  and  bis  worthy  wife  arc  consistent  members  of  the  United  Breth- 
ren Church,  lie  is  an  upright  and  worthy  citizen,  respected  and  esteemed  by  all  who 
knot)  him. 

JACOB  Q  CROMAN,  merchant,  residence  South  Fairview,  P.  O.  Dickinson,  was 
born  October  9,  1843,  in  Penn  Township,  this  county.  His  father,  Jacob  Croman.  a  native 
County,  Penn.,  came  to  this  county  when  a  young  man,  and  married  Margaret 
Vance,  a  native  of  this  county  and  daughter  6f  John  and  Susan  (Glenn)  Vance,  who  re- 
sided in  Finn  Township,  this  county,  until  their  death.  Our  subject's  father  was  among 
the  early  settlers  of  Brushtown  District  (now  South  Fairview),  Penn  Township,  and  built 
house  in  the  neighborhood.  He  was  the  father  of  seven  children:  Mrs.  Sarah 
Neff,  John  W.,  Mrs.  Kliza  Sellers.  Mrs.  Ellen  Cooper,  Mrs.  Susan  Sehroycr,  Jacob  G.,  and 

jed).  Jacob  6.  Croman  enlisted,  September  15,  1862,  in  the  Seventeenth 
P(  niis\  Ivania  Volunteer  Cavalry,  and  was  assigned  to  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  serving 
in  the  hi  igns  of  Virginia;  he  took  pari  in  the  hard  fought  battles  of  Chancel- 

Beverly  Ford,  AUdee  and  CJpperville,  in  Virginia;  Gettysburg.  Penn.:  Boonsboro, 
Md.;     Williams'p  in       l'.randy    Station.    Culpeper,     Stephensburg.    the    various    battles 
in  the  Wilderness.  Civilians  Station.  Winchester,    Cedar  Creek,    Rock  Fish  Creek,  Five 
Forks  and  various  other  engagements  up  to  Appomattox,  where  he  personally  witnessed 
Cen.  Robert  E.  Lee.      He  was  wounded  while  on  picket  at.    Garrisonville, 
in  also  received  a  life  long  injury  by  the  fall  of  his  horse  at  the  same  place.    He 
d  his  discharge  in  June.  1865,  and  left  a  record  asabrave  and  faithful  soldier,  al- 
lady  for  the  call  of  duty.     Returning  home  he  married  Miss  Mary  A.  Rexroth,  July 
20    1865;  her  parents,  Henry  and  Mary  Rexroth,  natives  of  Saxony,  came  to  this  county 
in  1848,  and  resided  many  \  ears  in  Pine  Grove,  Cook  Township,  where  she  was  born:  they 

afterward  resided  in  Penn  Township  until  their  death:  the  mother  died  in   1875,  and  the 
father  January   i    L884,  in  his  eightieth  year.    Mr.  and  Mrs.  Croman  have  resided  in  South 

Fairview.  Penn  Township,  thiscounty.  ever  since  their  marriage.  He  followed  shoe-mak- 
then  established  a  store,  which  be  still  carries  on.  His  children  are 
William  Glenn,  Ainu  M.  C,  Henry  Carol,  Rosa  Maud.  Jacob  Herman  and  Grace.  In 
politics  our  subject  is  a  Republican.  He  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Disciples 
;i  hi  of  upright  principles,  a  worthy  citizen,  respected  by  all 
who  know  him.  • 

JAMES     1>1  NTiAP,    fanner.    P.    O.    Newville,  was   born   in    Penn    (then    Dickinson) 

Township,  this  county,  February  30,  1819,  son  of  William  and  Elizabeth  (Sproat)  Dunlap, 

ives  of  this  county,  and  who  resided  here  until   their  death;  he  died  in  October, 

I  she  in  1839.     Of  th<  ir  children,  six  grew  to  maturity,  three  of  whom  are  now 

living:   William,  in  Urbana.  Ohio;  James    and    Miss    Nancy    E.,  residing  in    Xewville.  Iliis 

county.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  has  resided  on  the  old  homestead  farm  of  his  great- 
thei  Sproat  all  his  life.  He  married  Miss  Lucetta  Hays  February  36,  1846.  They 
fine  farm  oi  about  300  acres  of   fertile  and  well  improved  valley  land,  bi    id 


528  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

farm  of  145  acres  in  Newton  Township,  this  county.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Dunlap  have  been 
born  nine  children,  two  of  whom  died  in  infancy.  Those  now  living  are:  William  S., 
Robert  Hays.  Mrs.  Margaret  Jane  McCiillough,  John  Armstrong.  Lillie  Belle,  Fred  S.  and 
James  Wallace.  Our  subject  is  a  life-long  Republican.  He  and  his  worthy  wife  are 
members  of  the  United  Presbyterian  Church  at  Newville,  this  county.  Mr.  Dunlap  has 
taken  a  deep  interest  in  the  education  of  his  children,  and  they  are  taking  a  high  position 
in  business  and  social  circles.  He  is  a  man  of  firm  principles,  an  upright  and  worthy 
citizeu,  a  liberal  patron  of  useful  public  enterprise,  and  is  respected  and  esteemed. 

ELIAS  B.  EYSTER,  P.  O.  Walnut  Bottom,  was  born  in  Columbiana  County,  Ohio, 
July  16,  1809,  son  of  John  and  Susan  (Booz)Eyster,  natives  of  Berks  and  Adams  Counties, 
Penn.,  respectively,  who,  after  their  marriage,  moved  to  Columbiana  County.  Ohio,  where 
they  remained  until  their  death.  They  were  among  the  earliest  and  most  respected 
pioneers  of  Ohio.  Elias  B.  Eyster  left  Ohio  when  he  was  twenty-one  years  of  age.  and 
came  to  Berks  County,  Penn.  He  there  married,  December  5,  1835,  Miss  Helena  Dresner, 
and  in  183?  they  came  to  Oyster  Point,  this  county,  within  two  miles  of  Harnsburg. 
They  kept  the  "Oyster  Point  Hotel"  for  five  years,  and  then  moved  up  the  Cumberland 
Valley  to  the  place  where  they  now  residej  in  Penn  Township,  this  county.  They  pur- 
chased "Long  Meadow  Hotel,"  and  conducted  it  for  a  period  of  forty  years  (the  house 
was  built  in  1780  and  is  still  standing  and  occupied).  Elias  B.  Eyster  was  a  genial  and 
popular  landlord,  and  his  house  was  a  favorite  resort  for  travelers  seeking  entertainment, 
good-cheer  and  rest,  in  the  good  old  days  long  past.  In  1855  Mr.  Eyster  purchased  the 
mill  on  Yellow  Breeches  Creek,  since  known  as  Eyster's  Mill,  which  he  still  owns,  and  in 
addition  he  has  acquired  here  five  farms,  aggregating  over  500  acres  of  fertile  and  well 
improved  land,  much  of  which  he  has  given  to  his  children.  September  20,  18i'8.  Mrs. 
Eyster  departed  this  life,  aged  sixty-six  years,  six  months  and  eight  days.  To  our  sub 
iect  and  wife  have  been  born  the  following  named  children:  Thomas  Jefferson  (deceased) 
Angelina,  Elias  G  ,  Helena  Jane,  Mrs.  Sarah  Ann  Moore,  Charles  J.  (deceased),  Mrs 
Frances  Josephine  Myers,  Laura  Elizabeth  (deceased).  Margaret  M.  (deceased)  and  Will- 
iam L  Mr.  Eyster  is  a  life-long  Democrat.  He  has  filled  most  of  the  township  offices  at 
various  times,  and  has  held  the  position  of  director  of  the  poor  for  one  term  (1870-73). 
He  and  his  family  attend  the  Lutheran  Church.  His  wife  has  been  a  member  of  that 
church  nearly  her  entire  life.  Mr.  Eyster  has  led  an  active  and  useful  life,  and  is 
honored  and  respected  bv  his  descendants  and  his  fellow-citizens  of  this  county. 

ELIAS  G.  EYSTER,  farmer,  P.  O.  Walnut  Bottom,  was  born  March  27,  1840  at 
Oyster  Point,  this  county  (near  Harrisburg).  He  was  brought  to  Penn  Township,  this 
county  with  his  father's  family  when  he  was  two  years  of  age,  and  has  resided  here  since. 
His  school  course  was  interrupted  in  May,  1861.  by  his  offering  his  services  in  defense  ot 
the  Government,  in  response  to  President  Lincoln's  first  call  for  troops.  His  company 
was  not  accepted  at  that  time,  but  was  afterward,  at  the  first  call  for  three  years  troops, 
in  August  of  the  same  year.  Mr.  Eyster  was  assigned  to  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and 
took  part  in  the  historic  campaigns  in  Virginia.  Maryland  and  Pennsylvania.  He  was 
present  at  the  active  engagements  of  Williamsburg,  Malvern  Hill,  Antietam,  Fredericks- 
burg, Gettysburg,  Mine^Run,  and  the  various  battles  of  the  Wilderness,  up  to  Petersburg, 
besides  a  large  number  of  severe  skirmishes.  He  received  a  gunshot  wound  through  the 
neck  in  a  skirmish  at  Hartford  Church  February.  1863,  which  laid  him  up  for  six  months 
and  caused  his  absence  from  the  battle  of  Chancellorsville.  He  was  taken  prisoner  on  the 
last  day  of  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  and  was  confined  for  one  month  in  Libby  Prison  and 
Belle  Isle.  He  received  an  honorable  discharge  from  the  army  August  6,  1864,  leaving  a 
fine  record  as  a  brave  and  faithful  soldier.  . 

LEWIS  GOODHART,  farmer,  P.  O.  Dickinson,  was  born  April  15,  1822.  in  i^enn 
{then  Dickinson)  Township,  this  county.  His  father,  Isaac,  was  a  son  of  Jacob  Goodhart, 
who  married  Mary  W.  Shafner  and  settled  in  this  county  with  his  young  family  in  very 
early  times.  The  valley  was  then  new  and  wild,  and  they  cleared  up  their  own  tarm 
Our  subject's  father,  Isaac  Goodhart.  married  Miss  Mary  Magdalene  Palm,  daughter  ot 
Jacob  and  Mary  (Bishop)  Palm,  who  came  from  Lancaster  County,  Penn  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Isaac  Goodhart  reared  a  family  of  ten  children:  Mrs.  Eliza  Gibbler  (deceased).  Will- 
iam, Beckie.  Lewis,  Mrs.  Mary  Piper,  Mrs.  Ann  Bishop,  Martin  Alex  P.,  Cyrus  A. 
(deceased).  Marion  Anson,  and  Mrs.  Agnes  Druzilla  Hess.  Lewis  broodhart  was  edu- 
cated in  the  schools  of  the  early  times.  April  11,  1844,  he  married  Miss  Char  lotle  Farrier, 
who  was  born  in  Franklin  County,  Penn.,  and  came  to  West  Pennsborough  lownshrp, 
this  county,  in  girlhood,  wilh  her  widowed  mother,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Farner,  her  tatlier, 
David  Farner.  having  died  in  Franklin  County.  Penn.  Mr.  Goodhart  has  resided  in _Fenn 
Township,  this  county,  since  his  marriage.  He  owns  a  fine  farm  of  143  acres  ot  tertue 
and  well  improved  land  in  the  valley,  and  a  fine  tract  of  timber  on  South  Mountain,  lo 
Mr  and  Mrs.Gooduart  have  been  born  ten  children:  Two  died  in  infancy.and  one  r  ranees 
Emma,  died  at  the  age  of  thirteen  years;  those  now  living  are  Marion  Anson.  Mrs.  Mary 
Elizabeth  Mitten,  Mrs.  Agnes  B.  Brandt,  Calvin,  Theodore,  David  G  McClellan  and 
Clarence  Eugene.  Two  of  the  sons,  Marion  Anson  and  David  G.  McClellan.  hare  pre- 
pared themselves  for  the  profession  of  teaching,  and  are  now  successfully  engaged  in  tnat 


1T.SS    TOWNSIIir. 


529 


noble  work     I  »ur  Bubject  and  wife  and  four  of  their  children  are  members  of  the  I 
terian  Church      He  i-  a  Democral   in  politics,  and  has  Berved  his  township  in  various 
official   capacities.      Mr.    Qoodharl    is  one  of  the  self-made  men  of  Penn  Township. 
!  under  adverse  circumstances,  step  b}    tep,  he  has  built  himself  up  to  lib 

I  position  in  life,  and  i,  known  ami  recognized  a,  an  upnghl  man.  enjoying  the 
respect  and  esteem  of  all  who  know  him. 

COBS  HERMAN  marble  cutter  and  dealer,  residence  Hockersville,  I  <>.  dick- 
inson  was  born  in  Straban  Township,  Adams  Co.,  Penn.,  March  -1,  1843.  His  parents, 
Col.  Jacob  and  Sophia  Herman,  moved  in  fork  County,  Penn.,  in  188  .  where  thej  re 
aided  until  their  death;  the  former  died  in  1875,  and  the  latter  in  1876;  they  had  afarmly 
of  ten  children,  Ave  still  living:  George,  in  Sheridan,  Nev.;  David,  in  Adams  bounty, 
Penn  Mrs  Irene  Knaub,  in  York  County,  Penn.;  .Mary,  in  Jacksonville,  and  Jacob  N., 
abject  Mrs  Herman  was  a  daughter  of  Jacob  and  Margretta  Gilbert,  whose  resi- 
dence WHS  near  Arendlsv.lle.  Adams  (V,..  Penn.  Col.  Herman's  occupation  was  house  car- 
penter ami  undertaker,  n  iiieh  he  carried  on  quite  extensively.  He  was  formerly  an  active 
officer  in  the  militia  service  of  the  State,  having  received  tour  different  commissions  from 
the  commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania.  He  served  one  year  as  lieutenant  seven  years  as 
captain,  seven  years  colonel,  three  vears  as  brigade-major  of  the  Second  Brigade  of  the 
Fifth  Division,  composed  of  the  militia  of  the  counties  of  York  ami  Adams,  Gen.  Uraig 
Miller  being  commander  of  the  Second  Brigade  of  the  Filth  Division.  J.  N.  Herman  en- 
tered upon  an  apprenticeship  with  Micah  Arnold,  of  York  County,  August  7, 1885,  re- 
mained there  ui.til  the  Bpring  of  1866,  when  his  employer  bought  ...it  an  establishment  in 
til  Cbanicsburs  where  our  subject  finished  his  trade  as  marble  cutter  August  ..  1868.  Mr. 
Herman  worked  for  Mr.  Arnold  I'm,,.  IS,',:,  until  the  Bpring  Of  1ST?,  with  the  exception  of 

a  short  line  in  Lancaster  City  ami  Glen  Rock,  Penn.  His  recommendation  Iron,  bis  em- 
ployer, Mr.  Arnold,  reads  as  follows:  "Mechanicsburg,  April  li,  1877.  Ibis  is  to  certify  that 
.1  N.  Herman  has  served  three  years  apprenticeship  with  me  at  marble  cutting,  anil  attcr- 
ward  has  been  foreman  in  one  of  my  shops  for  about  seven  years,  and  1  can  recommend 
him  as  a  Brsl  class  workman  and  a  reliable  man.  (Signed)  M.  Arnold.  ( 1 his  is  quite  a 
compliment  to  Mr.  Herman's  integrity  and  judgment  as  a  skilllul  artist.)  In  the  spring 
Of  1878  Mr  Herman  moved  to  Middletown,  Dauphin  Co..  Penn..  to  engage  in  the  marble 
business  with  S.  A.  I.andis.  of  Mechanicsburg.  as  partner,  but  remained  only  there  until 
October  I.  same  rear,  at  which  time  .1.  X.  Herman  moved  lo  the  upper  cud  ot  this  county, 
to  g  place  known  as  Big  Spring;  remained  there  one  year  and  then  moved  to  Jacksonville, 
this  county,  which  is  on  the  line  of  the  Harrisburg  &  Potomac  Railroad,  and  Anally  Bet 
tied  in  Hockersville,  this  county,  in  1883.  Here  he  has  carried  on  a  shop  ever  sniee.  and 
has  an  influential  patronage  in  the  surrounding  community.    Mr.  Herman  married  .Miss 

Maggie  Harper,  a    daughter   Of   the   Hon.  William    Harper  of    Penn  Township,    who  died 

March  S,  1878,  a  strong  supporter  of  the  Democratic  party,  and  by  that  body  was  elected 

two  terms  as  member  of  the  Legislature;  his  wife.  Isabella  Harper,  died  March  1. .,  18bd. 
J.  N.  Hernia,,  gave  his  services  in  defense  of  the  government  in  September.  1884;  he  waa 
a  member  of  Company  I,  Two  Hundred  and  Ninth  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers; 

ed  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  took  part  in  the  memorable  battle  known  as  fort 
Steadman.  ,         .    _        _,         ,  .     ,,  . 

SAMUEL  F  HUSTON  farmer,  P.O.  Mooredale,  was  bom  in  Penn  rownship,  una 
county,  F,  bruan  17.  1859,  HisparentS,  JamesS.  and  Mary  Jane  I  Brown)  Huston  resided 
in  Penn  Township  until  the  death  of  the  former  in  1865;  the  latter  died  in  1876.  Of  their 
children.  Joseph  B.  died  January  1,  1888;  Mrs.  Anna  M.  Caldwell,  resides  in  Newton 
Township  this  county;  John  H.  and  Samuel  F.  reside  in  Penn  Township,  this  county. 
Our  subject's  grandparents,  Samuel  and  Anna  Huston,  were  natives  of  this  county  and 
descendants  Of!  early  settlers.  Samuel  F.  Huston,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  completed 
his  education  in  the  schools  of  the  home  district,  and,  at  the  age  Oi  twenty  two  years,  en- 
gaged in  teaching.  He  taught  for  three  terms,  giving  excellent  satisfaction  as  a  tattntul 
End  efficient  educator.  Nose,,, her  1.  lssij,  he  married  Miss  Maggie  B.  Sharpe,  a  native 
Of  New  ton  Township,  this  county,  daughter  of  Samuel  M.  Sharpe.  and  they  have  one  son 

mel  Sharpe  Huston.  Our  subject  is  a  life-long  and  enthusiastic  Democrat  He  and 
his  worthy  wife  are  members  of  the  United  Presbyterian  Church,  at  Newville,  1  enn.   Mr. 

Huston  is  an  intelligent  and  enterprising  young  farmer,  an  upright  and  worthy  citizen, 
highly  respected  by  the  entire  community.  _       .  __  _        .  , 

RT  RES  DANIEL  KELLER,  bishop  or  elder  of  the  German  Baptist  Church,  and 
farmer  P  0.  Huntsdale,  was  bom  in  Lancaster  County,  Penn.,  September  23,  L818.  His 
father  and  grandfather  were  also  born  in  that  county,  his  great-grandfather,  a  native  ol 
Switzerland,  bavin-  established  the  family  in  America.  Cur  subject  s  mother,  JMizaoetn 
Hershbergi  r,  was  also  descended  from  a  Swiss  grandfather,  who  came  to  this  country, 

and  the  two  families  have  branched  out  far  and  wide  in    the  New  World,      hitler ■Keller  s 

father.  John  Keller,  died  July  87,  1875,  at  the  age  of  Dearlj  ninety  one  years-all  passed 
in  this  State.  Elder  Keller  married,  December  81,  1883,  Miss  Catherine  Kline,  ot  Lan- 
caster County,  Penn..  bom  November  4,  1813,  and  they  came  to  Centreyille,  this  county, 

in  is;:,      I,.  is?s  thev  moved  to  a  farm  near  Milltown  (now  Huntsdale),  and  m   18*.  10- 


530  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

cated  where  they  now  reside,  at  Huntsdale,  this  county.  Elder  Keller  has  followed  farm- 
ing all  his  life,  aud  has  been  uniformly  successful.  He  has  dealt  largely  in  farm  property, 
and  was  one  of  the  first  to  establish  the  custom  of  liming  the  soil  in  this  valley,  by  which 
course  the  value  of  the  land  in  this  county  has  been  greatly  increased.  Elder  Keller  now 
owns  a  fine  farm  of  160  acres  of  fertile  and  well  improved  land  in  Penn  Township,  320 
acres  in  Russell  County,  Kas.,  and  a  large  grist-mill  on  Yellow  Breeches  Creek,  at  Hunts- 
dale,  this  county,  also  "five  dwelling  houses  and  lots  in  Huntsdale.  To  Elder  Keller  and 
wife  have  been  born  thirteen  children,  nine  of  whom  are  living:  Benjamin,  in  Shamokin, 
Penn.;  Mrs.  Catherine  Brandt,  near  Centreville,  this  county;  Daniel  Jr.,  in  Ellsworth 
County,  Kas.;  Mrs.  Susanna  Russell,  in  Newburg,  this  county;  Henry,  in  Wilson.  Ells- 
worth Co.,  Kas.;  Mrs.  Hedassah  Coover,  in  Green  Vale,  Russell  Co.,  Kas.;  Samuel,  in  Bour- 
bon. Marshall  Co.,  Ind.;  Jacob,  in  Plympton,  Dickinson  Co.,  Kas.,  and  Mrs.  Sarah  Myers, 
at  Huntsdale,  this  county.  Nearly  all  of  Elder  Keller's  family  are  members  of  the  German 
Baptist  Church.  He  joined  the  church  in  1848,  was  chosen  preacher  in  same  in  1850,  and 
ordained  bishop  in  1861.  He  is  an  influential  member  and  a  pillar  of  the  church.  In  all 
his  dealings  Elder  Keller  has  been  upright  and  straightforward,  generous  to  those  in  need 
and  liberal  toward  public  enterprises.  He  is  a  worthy  and  highly-respected  citizen,  and  his 
name  will  long  be  honored  by  succeeding  generations  in  Cumberland  County.  Following 
the  non-resisting  policy  of  the  church,  the  Elder  takes  no  part  in  politics,  but  is  disposed 
to  favor  the  Republican  party.  Elder  and  Mrs.  Keller,  in  their  course  of  life,  have  thus 
far  experienced  much  joy,  and  also  much  sorrow. 

REV.  DAVID  LEFEVER,  minister  of  the  Christian  Church  and  farmer,  P.  O. 
Huntsdale,  Cumberland  County,  was  born  March  5,  1823,  in  West  Pennsborough  Town- 
ship, this  county.  In  the  year  1708  a  Dr.  Lefever  came  from  France  and  settled  in  Bos- 
ton, Mass.,  and  from  him.  probably,  sprung  all  of  the  Lefevers  in  the  United  States.  He 
was  one  of  the  famous  Huguenots  who  fled  from  religious  persecution  to  find  a  refuge  in 
the  New  World.  The  Hue  from  him  down  is  Philip," George.  Lawrence,  John  and  David. 
Lawrence  moved  from  York  County.  Penn.,  to  this  county,  with  his  father,  in  1785,  and 
resided  here  until  his  death.  His  wife  was  Veronica  Alter,  of  the  well-known  Alter  fam- 
ily. (She  was  sister  of  the  wife  of  Gov.  Joseph  Ritner.)  Their  son  John  married  Miss  Rebec- 
ca Rine.  He  was  a  farmer  by  occupation,  but  took  an  active  part  in  public  affairs.  Be- 
ing one  of  the  few  native  citizens  who  could  speak  the  German  language  fluently,  he  was 
^appointed  associate  judge  by  Gov.  Ritner  about  1835,  and,  after  rendering  distinguished 
services,  he  retired  from  the  position  with  honor.  He  was  a  man  of  very  correct  and 
methodical  habits  and  kept  an  accurate  diary  for  forty  years  He  was  converted  at  the 
age  of  forty  years,  and  at  once  rode  51  miles  to  Beaver  Creek,  Washington  Co..  Md.,  to 
be  immersed.  He  did  active  duty  in  the  Christian  Church,  as  a  preacher,  until  his  death, 
which  occurred  September  13,  1864.  His  widow  died  in  December,  1875.  Rev.  David 
Lefever  is  the  eldest  of  their  seven  children,  of  whom  he  and  Mrs.  Maria  Myers,  of  Adams 
County,  Penn.,  are  the  sole  survivors.  Our  subject  married,  December  29,  1847,  Miss  Ma- 
tilda Cunningham,  a  niece  of  Gov.  Ritner,  and  they  at  once  settled  in  Penn  Township, 
this  county,  and  began  to  develop  a  home.  They  ebulftued  in  a  successful  course  until 
they  acquired  3  fine  farms,  comprising  375  acres  of  fertile  and  well  improved  valley  land, 
besides  a  tract  of  115  acres  of  timber  land  on  South  Mountain.  Mr.  Lefever  bought  a 
foundry,  on  the  edge  of  Shippensburg.  Penn.,  in  1870,  which  he  still  owns.  He  carried  it 
on  for  several  years,  residing  in  Shippensburg  from  1876  to  1878.  Mr.  Lefever's  wife  de- 
parted this  life  January  8,  1885.  She  was  a  devoted  wife,  the  mother  of  nine  children, 
seven  of  whom  are  now  living:  Henry  Rine,  David  Landis,  Joseph  C,  Mrs.  Margaret 
Smith,  Matilda,  Mrs.  Clarinda  Eyster,  and  Fannie.  Our  subject  united  with  the  Chris- 
tian Church  at  the  age  of  nineteen  years;  was  chosen  elder  in  1855;  began  preaching  in 
1864,  and  has  continued  in  the  work  of  the  gospel  ever  since.  He  built,  almost  entirely 
unaided,  a  handsome  stone  church  on  his  land,  and  deeded  it  to  the  congregation.  He  has 
been  a  Republican  most  of  his  life.  In  1885  he  espoused  the  cause  of  the  Prohibition  par- 
ty, and  has  devoted  himself  actively  during  the  campaign,  delivering  lectures  on  the  sub- 
ject of  temperance,  He  is  a  speaker  of  great  force  and  energy,  and  wields  a  great  influ- 
ence for  good  among  a  large  circle  of  friends  and  acquaintances. 

MICHAEL  LONG,  farmer,  P.  O.  Walnut  Bottom,  was  born  February  7,  1831,  in  Lan- 
caster County,  Penn.  His  father,  John  Long,  died  in  that  county,  and  his  mother.  Mary 
Long,  came  to  Franklin  County,  Penn.,  where  she  remained  until  her  death.  Michael 
Long  married  Miss  Rebecca  Geesamau,  of  Franklin  County.  Penn..  February  1,  1854,  and 
they  moved  to  Penn  Township,  this  county,  in  the  spring  of  1857.  locating  at  once  on  the 
place  they  at  present  occupy,  in  the  valley  of  Yellow  Breeches  Creek;  here  they  have  a 
farm  of  91  acres  of  valley  land  and  37  of  timbered  land  on  South  Mountain.  Their  children 
are  Alfred  Claton,  William  Joseph.  Daniel  Abram,  Aaron  Albion,  Franklin  Clarence  and 
Anna  Belle.  Mr.  Long  and  his  son  established  a  store  at  Centre  Valley  in  1880,  and 
moved  it  to  Bendersvilie  in  1883,  where  it  is  at  present  located.  They  do  a  general  mer- 
chandising business,  and  are  building  up  a  prosperous  trade.  Our  subject  and  wife  and 
all  their  children,  except  the  youngest,  belong  to  the  United  Brethren  Church.  Mr.  Long 
is  very  active  in  his  devotion  to  the  interest  of  the  Church,  and  has  been  a  class-leader  for 


PENH    TOWNSHIP. 


53] 


many  years     He  is  a  man  of  gem  rous  impulses,  a  libera]  patron  of  public  enterprises,  and 
la  one  of  the  leading  citizens  of  Cumberland  County. 

WILLIAM  £lEXANDER  McCULLOUGH,  farmer,  P.  O.  Newville,  was  born  De 
cemberS  1834  in  West  Pennsborougb  Township,  this  county,  and  is  a  son  of  Alexander 
MdElizabeth  McCullough.  December  87.  1866.  subjecl  married  Miss  Martha  L.Clark 
'.  ,' ,  i ,„. .  ,.i  where  they  nowreside  in  1874  Here  thej  have  a  fine  farm  of 121  acres 
;  fa  ,  so  have  ,  arm  oi  91  acres  in  Southampton  Township,  and  a  tract  ol  8  acres  of 
',  Booth  Mountain.  Their  children  are  James  (Mark.  Berdie  and  John  Bruce 
!„„.  subjecl  is  a  life-long  Republican.      He  and  bis  wife  are  members  of  Big  Spring 

^Mj§HNaTHEODORE  McCUNE,  retired  farmer.  P.O.  Dickinson,  was  born  April  9. 
1844  in  Southampton  Township,  this  county,  third  child  of  Samuel  and  Mary  Eleanor 
ftoClavlMcCune  Our  subject's  paternal  grandfather.  Samuel  McCune  entered  land  in 
II  Township,  this  couW.&ichhas  been  ^occupied JyftJW'S^ffito 
ttons  JohnT  McCune,  the  Bubjecl  of  this  Bketch,  enlisted  August  13,1862,  in  the  one 
mmdred  and  Thirtieth  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry.  He  was  present  at 
esTf  arSn,  Fredericksburg  and  Chancellorsville     After  the  expiration  of  his 

„.n„„i  service  in   1868,  he  attended  scl 1  al  Academia.  Juniata  Co     Penn    for  four 

months  and  then  re-eriisted  in  the  Thirty-fourth  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteer 
Militia  After  serving  six  weeks  he  was  honorably  discharged,  having  a  good  record  as  a 
faithful  soldier.  He  next  spent  two  years  traveling*  the  stock  business  though  the 
Northwestern  state,  withhisuncle,  A.  s.  McCune,  of  Van Buren  County,  Iowa.  Return- 
,,',  tllh,„„,ltv  Mr  McCune  married  Miss  Bethsheba  Mahaffy  December  4.  1866,  and 
afferspendine  four  years  in  Virginia  they  have  resided  in  Centreville,  Penn.,  ever  since 
Thej  hive  a  Tine  farm  of  102  acres  adjoining  the  village.  They  have  one  daughter,  Lillie 
M.  Mr.  McCune  is  a  life  long  Republican.  He  is  a  man  of  generous  disposition,  upright 
character,  respected  by  a  large  circle  of  friends.  ■i„.j 

HENRY  K  MILLER,  grain  dealer,  agent  for  the  Harrisburg &  Potomac  Railroad, 
etc  and  postmaster  of  Huntedale,  was  born  August  is.  1849,  in  Middlesex  pownship  this 
county,  son  of  Joseph  and  Susanna  (Kaufman)  Mid.,.  After  attaining  his .nunoi ty  he 
Bpentabout  four  vears  traveling  through  the  Western  States,  visiting  Missouri  II t«  . 
l!,«  a,  Nebraska,  Kansas  and  Ohio  and  in  the  spring  of  187"!  he  formed  a  partnership  with 
his  brother  1)  II.  .Miller,  in  a  -rain  warehouse  at  1  luntsdale,  he.  Henry  k  being  the 
principal  manager.  In  Mav.  1*85.  our  subject  bought  his  brother  a  interest,  and  has  been 
cwrying  on  the  business  since.  He  does  a  general  commission  and  forwarding  trade 
,1  ,i„ur.  seed-,  salt,  etc.,  and  by  strict  attention  to  business  has i  built 
up  a  &«  and  flourishing  trade.  I.,  1880  thepostofflce  Ernst  was  established  with  Henry 
K  Miller  as  postmaster,  and  in  November.  1882,  the  name  of  the  ortiee  was  changed  to 
Buntsdale.  in  1882  our  subject  was  appointed  agent  for  the  Adams  express  (  ompany 
and  in  October  1885,  agent  for  the  Harrisburg  &  Potomac  Railroad  (  ompany,  all  ol 
whir  po.iti.-ns  h,  now  holds  January  30,  l§79,  Mr  Miller  married  Miss  Anna  Eliza 
Hastings  of  Penn  Town-hip.  tins  county.  Our  subject  and  wife  are  consistent  members 
of  the  German  Baptist  Church  He  i-  a  life-long  Republican,  and  takes  a  deep  interest  in 
public  affairs.  He  is  an  enterprising  and  successful  business  man.  a  liberal  patron  ot 
public  enterprises,  respected  and  esteemed  by  all  who  know  him. 

I  YMl's   MOORE    retired  farmer,  Walnut  Bottom.  Cumberland  I  ounty.  was  born  De- 
cember 10,  1805,  in  Dickinson  Township,  this  county,  and  early  began  an  apprenticeship  at 
the  blacksmith  trade  in  Latimore  Township  AdamsCounty,  with  John  Miller.  Hefolloweo 
i  journeyman   for  several  years  through  Cumberland  and  Adams  Counties. 
i   i9  Elizabeth  Hi]. ton  January  20,  ism.      He  earned  on  a  shop  at  the  turn- 
Dike   and  Stone  Tavern,   in    Dickinson  Township,    for   fourteen    years,  in  Cumberland 
Bret    wife  had   three  children,  all  girls:    Elizabeth,  Isabella  and    Nancy. 
Elizabeth   died  when  eighteen  years  old;  Isabella  marriedMr.  Kurtz   and  Nancy  married 

Air    Miller     In    \pril    L84\  Mr.  Moore  removed  to  the  place  where  he  now  resides,  in    I  enn 

Town-1  ocating  here,  and  has  been  engaged  in  farming.     He  has  acquired   a 

line  farm  property  Of   131  acres   of    land  in  the  valley,  with  two  sets   ot  buildings    and  200 

land  on  the   Side  of    South  Mountain;  and    has  also    purchased  120  acres  ot 

land  in  Clinton  County,  [nd.  His  first  wife  died  January29, 1836,  leaving _the  three  daugh- 
ters above  mentioned,  and  our  subject  then  married  Mis-  .late'  Smith,  January  18.  iaa». 
uidren  foursons,  (William,  .lames.  John  and  David),  and  three 
i  .1  Marj  and  Anna  G.  Moore).  His  second  wife  died  in  1855^  leav- 
ing four  living  children  of  her  own:  James,  in  Clinton  County,  fad.;  Anna  G.  Mitten, 
Margaretta  J  CTtley,  and  David,  who  was  a  soldier  in  Company  H,  One  Hundred  and 
Ninety-fourth  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry,  and  died  at  Cam.p  Mankins- 
wood,'  Maryland,  August  12,  1864,  Mrs.  Margaretta  J.  Dtley  died,  leaving  two  children,  a 

I  ,.,-.   the80n    i-    Still    living,  and    resides  with  our   subject-       I  his  leaves  two 

children  by  the  first  wife,  Isabella  and  Nancy,  and  two  by  the  lasl  wife.  James  and  Anna 

.  n"  -till  living;  the  other  thr< f  the!  ist  wife's  children  died— W  illiam,  at  the  age 

,1  one  month;  John,   H  the  age  of  five  years  and  two  months;  Mary,  at  the 
age  of  four  years  and  two  months.     .lames  was  in  Boyd's  cavalry  in  \  irginia. 


532  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

HENRY  T.  MYERS,  tanner  and  currier,  was  born  in  the  Kingdom  of  Bavaria,  Ger- 
many, in  the  year  1836.  He  immigrated,  with  his  parents,  two  brothers  and  one  sister,  to 
America  in  1853.  all  landingat  Boston,  Mass.  From  there  the  family  separated,  going  to  re- 
mote sections.  Our  subject,  Henry  T.,  was  apprenticed  at  Cape  Cod,  West  Brewster,  Mass., 
with  Mr.  William  Winslow,  one  of  the  descendants  of  the  noted  Pilgrims  that  came  over  in 
the  "Mayflower,"  to  learn  the  tanning  and  currier  trade,  for  a  term  of  three  years.  After  serv- 
ing his  apprenticeship  he  worked  as  journeyman  at  the  same  place  for  nearly  another  year. 
He  then,  on  account  of  the  business  panic  which  occurred  in  1857,  came  to  Carlisle,  this 
county,  namely.  Cumberland.  Business  being  very  dull,  the  first  job  he  got  was  to  saw 
and  split  two  cords  of  hickory  wood  for  a  doctor,  James  Irvin,  the  stipulated  sum  being 
$1.50  for  the  job.  He  was  paid  $1  in  gold  and  the  half  dollar  in  silver.  He  lost  the  gold 
dollar  before  he  got  to  his  place  of  abode,  and  never  could  be  persuaded  to  take  another 
job  of  that  kind.  However,  not  discouraged,  he  soon  got  employment  at  his 
chosen  avocation,  namely,  finishing  leather.  Two  years  later,  March  15.  1859,  he 
married)  Miss  Victorene  Williams,  a  native  of  North  Middleton  Township,  this  county, 
two  children  being  born  to  them.  He  enlisted  in  1862  in  Company  E.  One  Hundred  and 
Thirtieth  Regiment,  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  then  organizing  in  Newville  for  the  United 
States  service  for  the  term  of  nine  months,  the  official  record  of  that  regiment,  the 
One  Hundred  and  Thirtieth,  being  409  men  killed  and  wounded  in  action.  He  was  dis- 
charged by  reason  of  having  served  his  time,  May  21,  1863,  and  he  again  re-enlisted  in 
1864,  "  the  breakfast  job  now  being  over,"  foranother  year.  Discharged  again  in  1865,  he  at 
once  located  in  Centreville,  Penn  Township,  where  he  still  lives,  doing  a  good  business  in 
the  way  of  tanning.  He  had  also  carried  on  the  harness  trade  for  seven  years,  which  he 
relinquished  in  1880.  His  son,  George  M.,  having  learned  the  harness  trade,  is  now  carry- 
ing on  that  branch.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  M}'ers  have  been  born  nine  children:  John  H., 
George  M.,  Mrs.  Annie  E.  Stouffer.  Willis  K.,  Agnes  C, Alex.  C,  Daniel  K.,  Laura  J., 
and  Henry  T.  (deceased).  Mr.  Myers  has  been  a  life-long  Democrat;  has  been  a  mem- 
ber of  the  school  board  of  education  for  three  years,  and  president  for  one  year.  He 
was  appointed  by  the  Hon.  Postmaster-General,  William  F.  Vilas,  postmaster  of  Dickin- 
son postoffice,  on  July  18.  1885,  in  which  capacity  he  is  serving  the  public  at  present. 
Being  well  educated  in  the  German  language,  he  has  acquired  a  good  education  in  the 
English  by  private  study  in  his  adopted  country.  Mr.  Myers  and  his  worthy  wife  have 
ever  encouraged  education,  and  are  consistent  members  of  the  German  Baptist  Church. 
He  is  an  active  business  man,  and  an  honest  and  upright  citizen. 

JOHN  F.  MYERS,  farmer,  P.  O.  Dickinson,  was  born  in  Penn  Township,  this 
county,  November  20,  1845.  His  father.  James  Myers  (a  native  of  this  county,  a  son  of 
Abraham  Myers,  and  grandson  of  Abraham,  one  of  the  early  pioneers  of  Dauphin  Coun- 
ty, Penn.),  married  Miss  Barbara  Fishburn,  a  native  of  Dauphin  County,  Penn.,  who  came 
to  this  county  with  her  parents  when  thirteen  years  of  age.  After  their  marriage  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  James  Myers  located  in  Penn  Township,  this  county,  on  the  Chambersburg  Pike, 
and  here  they  reared  their  family  of  ten  children:  Mrs.  Catherine  A.  Leidigh.  Sarah  E., 
Abraham  George,  John  Fishburn.  Mrs.  Barbara  Elizabeth  Keller,  James  P..  William  Al- 
bert, Charles  Calvin,  Mrs.  Annie  B.  Caldwell  and  Edwin  E.  The  father,  Jamer  Myers, 
departed  this  life  in  June,  1879.  John  F.  Myers,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  married.  De- 
cember 27,  1870,  Miss  Fannie  Eyster,  and  they  located  permanently  were  they  now  reside; 
thev  have  here  a  fine  farm  of  ninety-three  acres  of  fertile  and  well-improved  land,  with 
a  handsome  residence,  and  good,  substantial  farm  buildings  thereon.  Their  children  were 
Laura.  H.  Nora  E.  (accidentally  killed  in  1875,  aged  two  years  and  ten  months).  William 
Oliver,  Josephine  C,  Nettie  May.  Harold  E..  Frankie  (deceased)  and  John  C.  Mr.  Myers 
is  a  life  long  Democrat.  He  and  his  wife  adhere  to  the  Lutheran  faith.  He  is  an  enter- 
prising and  successful  farmer,  an  upright  and  worthy  citizen,  highly  respected  by  all  who 
know  him. 

WILLIAM  ALBERT  MYERS,  farmer,  P.  O.  Huntsdale,  was  born  in  Penn  Town- 
ship, this  county,  July  5,  1851.  His  father,  James  Myers,  was  a  son  of  the  well-known 
pioneer,  Abraham  Myers,  who  came  from  York  County,  Penn.,  to  this  county,  and  mar- 
ried Barbara  Fishburn,  settling  on  the  line  of  the  Chambersburg  Pike,  where  they  re- 
sided until  his  death,  which  occurred  June  20,  1879;  his  widow  now  resides  at  Newville, 
Penn.  William  Albert  Myers,  the 'subject  of  this  sketch,  married,  December  18,  1879, 
Sadie  Keller,  daughter  of  Daniel  Keller,  and  born  in  Penn  Township,  this  couuty.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Myers  have  one  son  living.  Daniel  Keller  Myers.  They  are  owners  of  a  fine  farm  in 
Brushtown  District.  Mrs.  Myers  is  a  member  of  the  German  Baptist  Church.  Our  subject 
is  a  life-long  Democrat,  an  enterprising  and  successful  farmer,  and  an  upright  citizen. 

SAMUEL  PIPER,  farmer,  P.  O.  Newville,  was  born  August  12,  1819.  in  West  Penus- 
borough  Township,  this  county.  His  grandfather,  James  Piper,  came  to  America,  from 
Ireland,  with  two  brothers,  and  settled  at  Middle  Spring.  Franklin  Co.,  Penn..  in  1767, 
and  about  two  years  later  they  located  at  Big  Spring,  this  county.  They  followed  the 
usual  course  of  pioneers  in  the  wilderness  and  located  along  the  principal  streams.  James 
Piper's  only  son.  James,  Jr.,  father  of  our  subject,  adopted  the  calling  of  a  miller  and 
carried  on  Piper's  mill,  which  had  been  established  by  his  father;  this  mill  burned  down, 


PENN   TOWNSHIP. 


533 


,  j    ,g  .iper  J,..,  bun,.  ,,„  the  same  site,  the  mill  which  w  still  standing  there 

'!  m,"V,  ted  Miss  Catherine  Irvine,  a  native  of  Stonj  Ridge,  east  of  I  arh  I,. 

i    ",-',., ,ii    and  they  reared  six  children:  Mrs.  Mary  Uunlap  Jane  (d<  ceased),  John,  Sam- 

e hkllory  (deceased)  and  J«mes;  theparentsrewded  ^Piper'srnills  until 

ffi'irdekA- she  died  July  1    1844.  and  he  January   I.  1846     Samuel  fr, utaect  of 

ungearl)  in   life,  and   Foil.  Session  for  about  six 

October  12   1848,  be  married  Miss  Mary  G Ihart,  and,  if  ter  spending  two  and  a 

half  years  at  the  old  familj  homestead,  they  resided  for  fourteen  years  on 

„■  i,   868  lb.  v  located  where  they  no«  reside;  thej    have  here  a  fine  farm  oi  3 
offertle  and  well  improved  valle;  land.    Tooursubject   and  wife  have  been  born  three 
children:  Samuel,  w  bo  died  in  infancy;  Mrs.  Bevilla   Goodhart,  who  died  it    Bowmans 

DaleMarcl.  29,  1885.  and  Lina.  residing  with  her  parents  she  made  thorough  prepar n 

torthe  professor  of  teaching  -graduated  from  the  State  Normal  School  a  ^ippensburg 
Penn  and  is  now  successful^  engaged  in  teaching)  Mr  and  Mrs  Piper  have  also .reared 
to  their  family  his  brother  John's  son,  John  Jr.,  who  has  also  been  teaching  in  Penn 
Township  for  thirteen  years.  Mr.  Piper  is  a  life-long  Republican.  Be  and  his  worthy 
wif^aTe  consistent  members  of  Ihe  Presbyterian  Church,  He  is  s  man  oi  firmonnciples, 
one  ,,i  the  leading  and  influential  citizens  of  thiscounty.  By  appointment  of  Gen.  b.  si. 
Gregorj  Mr.  Piper  took  the  ninth  annual  census  in  Penn  and    Dickinson  rownships,  this 

'""l'lENUV  C.  RICE,  mail  contractor.  P.  O.  Dickinson,  was  born  June  19  1844,  near 
]  andisburg  Perry  Co.,  Penn.,  where  his  parents,  Zachariab  and  Nancy  (Landis)  Rice,  re- 
^edundl  their  death  Our  subject  enlisted  in  the  One  Hundred  and  Fifty-eighth  Regi- 
ment PennsyTvaSia  Volunteer  Infantry,  October  16..  1863;  took  pari  in  *ecampa,gn-n 
North  Carolina,  and  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of .  Kingston,  foatState;  was  discharged 
in  August,  1863,  and  re-enlisted  August  SI,  1864,  in  the  Ninth  Pennsylvania  Volunteer 
CavalrV  serving  under  Gen.  Kilpatrick;  went  through  with  Sherman  to  the  sea  taking 
,,;ir,  11M,i:1„v  biltoric  engagements  in  Georgia  and  North  Carolina,  and  was  honorably  to- 
chara-dMai  29,  1865.  Mr  Rice  married,  November  13,  1866,  Miss  Catherine  Zeigler,  o 
Chambersburg,  Penn.,  daughter  of  Jacob  and  Lydia  (Turner)  Zeigler  ^o  resided  near 
Carlisle  this  county.  Jacob  Zeigler  died  April  is,  1883,  at  Greenview,  111.;  bis  widow 
dted  at  Carlisle  Springs,  Penn.,  November  5,  1885.  Mr.  and  Mrs  Rice  are  rearing  in 
th.ir  family,  Gouverner  andLutie  L.  Natcher,  children  of  Mrs.  Rice's  sister,  Julia, .de- 
ceased wife  of  J.  A.  Natcher.  Mr.  Rice  belongs  to  a  family  of  extensive  mail  conteactors. 
His  father  was  ensured  for  twenty  six  years  in  that  service.  I  he  mail  route  from  L-an- 
Slbnrg  to  Newportnas  been  in  the  hands  of  the  Rices  for  the  last  thirty-  three  years, 
and   nur  subject  has  controlled   the   route  front   Carlisle   to  Dickinson  for  eighteen  >  ears 

and  the  route  from  Carlisle  to  Landisburg  for  seven  years.    He  has  at ithis  time  seven 
routes  under  contract,  and  an  interest  in  thirty  one  routes.    In  politics  Mr.  Rice  is  a  Ke- 
n      He  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church. 
SIMON    SNYDER,  grain  dealer,   P.  O.   Dickinson,  was  born  October   .4.  _181»,  in 
Prankford   Township,  this  county.     His  remote   ancestors  were  of  German  origin,  out 
his  parents,  Benry  and  Elizabeth  (Mentzer)  Snyder,  were  natives  of  Manor    lownsnrp, 
Lancaster  Co.,  Penn.     They  came  to  this  county  in  early  life,  after  having  spent  some 
a  Dauphin  County.    They  were  residing  in  Mifflin  Township,  this  county,  a   the 
"time  of  .heir  death,    The  father  died   March  29.  1847.  the  mother  in  December  1868 
Their  children  were  George  (deceased),  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Pailor  (deceased),  Mrs.  Catharine 
A   Camrey  (deceased).  Mrs.  Mary  I.  MoCrea  (deceased)   Mrs.  Barbara  M.  MK-""'-^""""- 
Benry    a 'major  in  the  militia,  died   December  10.   1883),  Mrs.   Sophia  A\  i-.  and   Mis 
EllenN.  Jacoby.    Bimon  Snyderwas  reared  on  his  father's  farm,  and  enjoyed  as  good 
,nal  advantagesaa  the  3.  hool  Bystem  of  those  days  afforded.     He  early  engaged  m 
ession  of  teaching,  which  he  followed  while  completing  his  educational  course  ax 
Pennsylvania    I  Ltysburjr,  several  terms,  at  Bloomheld  Academy,    wo  sessions 

and  at  Washington  College,  Washington,  Penn.  where  he  graduated  with  the  degree ioi 
A  R    September  24,  1846     After  completing  bis  course  he  went  South  en-asms  in ittie 
teaching.     He  had  charge  of  the  academy  at  Newburg  .Jenerson  Co  ,  ny 
next   he  was  connected  for  several  years  with  the  Clinton  Seminary, ,  at 
Clinton   Ky.;  was  then  chosen  principal  of  the  Columbus  Masonic  Seminary ,  (  olum   us 
K\     for  Hue,    years.      Returning  to  his  native  county,  he  engaged  with  his  brother 
Henry   for  several  years,  in  mercantile  business,  near  Newville.    He  then  accepted  a  posi- 
tion is  cashier  and  book-keeper  fora  large  milling  firm,  Smith  &  8">yser  of  LouiOTille, 
Kv    wherehe  remained  during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion.     Returning  to  this  county,  ne 
from  1864  to  1874  with  his  brother  in  the  grain  business  at   Newviue,  ana  w 
the  bonr  year  established  in  the  same  line  of  business,  on  his  own  account,  on  the  llarns- 
burgA  Potomac  Railroad,  and  was  located  at  Barnitz  nearly  four  years,  at  jacKsonvuie 
sixyears,  and  came  to  Dover's  station,  his  present  location,  in  May,  L884.     He  does  a 
eeneral  commission  business,  dealing  in  -rain,  coal,  etc.     Simon  Snyder  has,  bj  .elu-in, 
a, , ,ni,ed  an  independenl  competence.     Be  began  bis  life  as  acitizen  by  voting  for  U«n. 
supported  the  Whig  and  Republican  parties  ever  since,     lie  has 


534  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

enjoyed  the  friendship  of  ninny  men  eminent  in  public  life.  He  was  class-mate  of  the 
celebrated  Prof.  James  E.  Murdock,  and  a  fellow-student  of  James  G.  Blaine  and  of  ex- 
Secretary  Benjamin  F.  Bristow.  Mr.  Snyder  still  retains  their  friendship,  and  he  has  the 
respect  of  everv  community  in  which  he  has  lived. 

PETER  T'RITT,  manufacturer,  P.  O.  Huntsdale,  was  born  June  24,  1821,  in  Penn 
(then  Dickinson)  Township,  this  county,  son  of  Christian  and  Lydia  (Stough)  Tritt,  former 
of  whom  was  a  sou  of  Peter  and  Elizabeth  (Le  Fevre)  Tritt,  early  settlers  in  this  county, 
coming  from  Lancaster  County,  Penn.;  they  resided  in  Penn  Township,  this  county,  until 
their  death;  the  mother  died  In  1849,  and  the  father  in  1871.  Peter  is  the  eldest  of  their 
fourteen  children.  June  10,  1845.  the  subject  of  this  sketch  married  Nancy  Niekey,  a 
native  of  Perry  County,  Penn.  Mr.  Tritt  followed  farming  for  nine  years  after  his  mar- 
riage, and  in  March,  1855,  located  a  saw-mill  on  Yellow  Breeches  Creek,  below  Milltown. 
Penn  Township,  this  county,  and  to  this  he  has  added  a  shingle-mill,  planing-mill  and 
sash,  door  and  blind  factory,  and  is  doing  a  large  and  prosperous  business.  To  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Tritt  have  been  born  seven  children,  five  of  whom  are  now  living:  John  A.,  Samuel 
J.  (the  present  county  surveyor),  Mrs.  Lydia  J.  Shafer,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Feree  and  Peter 
Stough.  In  politics  Mr.  Tritt  is  a  Democrat.  lie  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the 
Lutheran  Church.  Mr.  Tritt  is  a  man  of  correct  business  habits,  upright  and  straightfor- 
ward in  his  dealings.     He  is  a  worthy  citizen,  highly  respected  by  those  who  know  him. 

JOHN  A.  TRITT,  lumberman.  "P.  O.  Huntsdale,  was  born  "in  Penn  Township,  this 
county,  September  23,  1847.  His  father,  Peter  Tritt,  reared  him  to  the  lumber  business. 
Our  subject  married,  in  January,  1869,  Miss  Jennie  E.  Tobias,  of  Carlisle,  this  county,  and 
they  have  resided  on  their  farm  near  Mount  Rock,  Penn  Township,  this  county,  for  a 
period  of  nine  years  since  their  marriage.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Tritt  have  been  born  five 
children:  Alice  E.,  Edgar  P.,  Florena  E.,  Maud  J.  and  Melvin  J.  Mr.  Tritt  owns  a  cir- 
cular-saw mill,  connected  with  his  father's  general  lumber  manufacturing  establishment, 
at  Huntsdale,  this  county.  In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat.  He  has  filled  the  office  of  as- 
sessor for  one  term.     At  present  he  is  school  director. 

DAVID  P.  TRITT.  farmer,  P.  O.  Dickinson,  was  born  in  Penn  (then  Dickinson) 
Township,  this  county,  August  20,  1830.  His  grandfather,  Peter  Tritt,  born  March  5, 
1755,  died  February  24,  1839,  came  from  Lancaster  County,  Penn.,  about  1775,  and  was,  it 
is  thought,  from  Spain;  he  carried  on  the  business  of  wagon-making  in  West  Pennsborough 
Township,  and  served  some  time  in  the  Revolutionary  war,  and  was  the  founder  of  the 
Tritt  family  in  the  Cumberland  Valley.  Our  subject's  grandmother.  Elizabeth  (LeFevre) 
Tritt,  was  born  December  8,  1751,  and  died  February  7,  1835.  Her  grandparents,  who 
were  French,  landed  in  Boston  in  1710,  went  to  Newburg,  N.  Y.,  thence  to  Lancaster 
County,  Penn.,  and  came  to  this  county  in  1775.  Peter  and  Elizabeth  Tritt  had  thirteen 
children  :  Barbara,  born  May  10,  1778.  died  young;  Jacob,  born  January  18,  1780,  died 
December  17,  1856;  Peter,  born  January  28,  1782.  died  January  24.  1860;  "Elizabeth,  born 
January  18,  1784.  died  October  17.  1831;  Joseph,  born  January"  16.  1787.  died  May  30, 1873; 
Barbara,  born  March  19,  17S9.  died  young:  George,  born  November  3,  1791,  died  October 
4.  1882;  Catharine,  born  July  5,  1794,  died  January  9,  1871 ;  Christian,  born  July  25,  1796, 
died  January  10,  1S71;  Anna,  born  November  21,  1798,  died  January  1.  1837;  John,  born 
January  18, '1801,  died  in  September.  1884;  Samuel,  born  September  14,  1803,  died  February 
22,  1873;  William,  bora  May  26,  18u7,  died  February  7,  1855.  One  of  the  sons,  Christian, 
married  Lydia  Stough,  and  they  resided  on  a  farm  in  Penn  Township,  this  county;  she 
died  June '9,  1849,  and  in  1853  he  married  Mrs.  Francis  Charlotte  McCullougb.  David  P. 
Tritt,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  the  third  son  of  Christian  Tritt.  attended  the  schools  of 
the  home  district  and  finished  his  course  b\'  a  two  years'  attendance  (1853-55)  at  Pennsyl- 
vania College,  Gettysburg.  He  was  then  appointed  general  agent  for  the  Cumberland 
Valley  Fire  Insurance  Company,  which  position  he  held  for  four  years.  In  1858  he 
located  on  a  farm  on  which  he  now  resides.  He  has  acquired  a  fine  farm  of  120  acres  as  a 
homestead,  besides  other  property  elsewhere.  He  married  Miss  Mary  L.  Fisher,  of  Hoges- 
town,  Silver  Spring  Township,  this  county.  December  14.  1858,  and  she  died  February  7, 
1862,  leaving  two  children:  Charles  Edgar  and  Mary  Ellen.  December  25,  1865,  Mr. 
Tritt  married,  for  his  second  wife.  Miss  Sarah  Ann  Harper,  daughter  of  William  Harper, 
and  their  children  are  Edwin  Greer  and  Lulu  P.  Mr.  Tritt  takes  a  deep  interest  in  the 
cause  of  education,  and  has  given  his  children  excellent  advantages,  both  literary  and 
musical,  and  they  are  taking  fine  positions  in  school  and  society.  Mr. 'Tritt  is  a  life-long 
Democrat,  and  in  former  years  was  quite  active  in  public  affairs,  but  now  prefers  to  lead  a 
private  life.  He  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Dickinson  Presbyterian  Church,  of 
which  he  has  been  ruling  elder  for  over  fifteen  years.  He  is  a  worthy  descendant  of  one 
of  the  oldest  pioneer  families,  and  is  one  of  the  leading  and  influential  citizens  of  Penn 
Township,  this  count}'. 


SI1VEB  SPRING  township.  535 


CHAPTER  LVI. 
SILVER  SPRING  TOWNSHIP. 

GEORGE  W  BEST  farmer,  P.  0.  Mechanicsburg,  was  born  in  1850.  in  Monroe 
Township  this  county.  His  father,  John  Best,  of  German  origin,  a  resident  ol  M,,ii 
roe  TownshiD  was  born  in  Lower  Allen  Township,  Cumberland  <  ounty,  Penn.  He 
was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Anna  Bitner,  a  Dative  of  York  County,  Penn.,  who 
bore  him  thirteen  children:  Catharine,  Elizabeth.  Susan  (deceased),  Anna  M  Joseph, 
Sarah  (deceased),  Margaret  (deceased),  George  W.,  Samuel,  Martha,  Agnes  and  two  who 
died  in  infancy  John  Best  who  was  a  prosperous  man.  owning  three  Earms,_  died  at  the 
aire  of  sixty-five  years.  He  was  a  member  of  the  United  Brethren  Church;  in  politics  a 
Republican  Hisson,  George  W..  received  hip  education  in  the  common  schools,  and,  in 
is;1,  married  Miss  Clara  I...  daughter  of  Jacob  H.  and  Rachael  (Strock)  Coover,  who 
were  the  parents  of  six  children:  Elizabeth,  Francis  E.,  Catharine  A.,  Mary  Z.,  Clara  L. 
and  John  v.  Jacob  II.  Coover  was  born  in  Upper  Allen  [Wnship,  this  county,  and 
lived  on  his  farm  there  for  many  years;  politically  he  was  a  Republican.  He  was  busi- 
ness manager  of  the  East  Pennsborough  Fire  Insurance  Company  and  a  good  business 
man      Heand  his  wife  were  members  of  the  Bethel  Church.     Mr.  Best  isa  Republican  in 

iOHN  BOBB   farmer.   P.  O.  Mechanicsburg,  is  a  grandson  of  Nicholas  Bobb,  who 

came  from  German]  andsettlediD  this  county  about  the  yew- 1795,  and  owned  two  farms. 

Nicholas  Bobb  was  the  father  of  nine  children:  John,  Daniel,  Michael.  George,  Catharine, 

Barbara    Elizabeth  and  Margaret.     Of  these,  John  came  to  tins  county  with  his  ta- 

therwhen  a   young  man.     He  was  a  carpenter   bv  trade  and  afterward  became  a  farmer. 

He  married  Miss  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Martin  Longsdorf,  of  this  county,  by  whom  he 

had  four  childl  Margaret.   John  and  Elizabeth.     In  1800  Mr.  Longsdorf  built 

.  bouse  al  Trindle  Springs,  called  the  "Trindle  Springs  Hotel."     It  is  of  interest 

,of  John  Bobb's  brothers  married  wives  whose  Christian  names  were  Elizabeth 

and  had  I  aplemenl  of  children  as  himself  -two  sons  and  two  daughters,     tie 

was   B    member   of  the    Lutheran   Church.     In   early  life   he  worked  at  the  carpenter  and 

cabinet  make,',  trade,  and  erected  several  of  the  old  buildings  still  standing  m  Silver 

Bpring Township.     John  Bobb,  Jr..  bisson.  was  bom  in  the  township  August  ~b,  Vila.    He 

learned  the  trade  of  carpenter.     In  1836  he  married,  Miss  Margaret,  daughter  of  Henry 

and  Mary  Nagle    and  to  this  union   were  born   three  children:  Elmira   M.,  Henry  M.  and 

\ni.aE  ;  Ilenrv  M.  th,  ing.   John  Bobb, Jr..  bought  land  near  New  Kingston  this 

county   in  1  ^ : I T"  where  he  lived  for  seven  years.     lie  then  moved  to  the  Sailor  tann,  which 

uased  April  1.  1847,  and  there  resided  until  1875,  when  he  bought  his  homestead 

on  Trindle  Springs   road   and   erected   his   present  substantial   buildings.      The  house   is 

pleasantly  situate, I.  and  is  likely  to  remain  in  the  family  for  many  generations.     Mr.  Bobb 

an.  and  in  past  years  worked  hard  for  his  party.    He  has  tilled  town- 

ghip  offices,  such  as  collector,  assessor  and  school  director,  and  has  also  been  county  com- 
missioner He  has  been  administrator,  executor  and  assignee  for  several  estates,  etc  .  and 
has  settled  all  these  matters  with  wisdom  and  without  the  loss  of  a  dollar,  lhat  he  de- 
he  respect  and  confidence  of  the  community  is  beyond  a  question.  _ 
HENRI  M  Bonn,  theson  of  above,  is  an  engineer.  In  May  18*i0,  he  married  Miss 
Margaret  J  Armstrong  of  Mechanicsburg,  Penn.  To  this  union  were  born  seven  chil- 
dren' Ella  S.  wife  of  Charles  Waggoner,  Of  this  county  (have  tWO  children:  Luella  M 
and  Mary  A  I;  Minnie  E.;  John  M.  married  to  Emma  Chapman,  ol  Mechanicsburg;  James 
A.:He!i,\    L ;  George  F.  and  Maggie  M.                                                               . 

JOHN  liKK'lvER..  farmer,  P.  O.  Ilogestown.  The  Brieker  family,  which  stands 
the  first  families  of  Cumberland  Valley,  sprang  from  strong  German  Btock,  who 
settled  in  Lancasb  r  County  at  an  early  date.  Jacob  Brieker,  the  grandfather  ol  our  sud- 
ls  born  in  Lancaster  County.  He  married  Miss  Mary  Fry,  of :the  same  county, 
and  a  few  year-  later  moved  with  his  family  to  Cumberland  County,  anil  settled  in  Oliver 
Spring  Township  (this  was  about  the  year  1812).  He  soon  bought  the  Silver  Spring  Mill. 
prospered  in  business,  and  by  his  energy  and  thrift,  accumulated  SSll  not)  winch  he  left  at 
his  death  to  his  two  sous.  The  estate  Consisted  of  six  farms,  embracing  over  900  acres  of 
[and,  the  mill  property,  and-a  house  in  Mechanicsburg.  His  wife  bore  him  two  sons: 
Lewis  and  Peter.  A  very  stout  man.  he  was  very  active  and  industrious,  and  noted  for 
his  thrift  and  strong  common  sense.     He  lived  to  the  patriarchal  age  of  eighty-four  years. 


536  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

Peter  Bricker,  the  eldest  son,  was  born  in  Lancaster  County,  Penn.  He  married  Miss  Kate 
Buttorf,  of  Cumberland  County.  To  this  union  were  born  six  children:  George.  Peter. 
Jacob,  Samuel.  Mary  and  Susan.  His  father  gave  him  a  farm  which  lie  had  purchased  of 
George  Bolilj  in  1829,  and  here  he  settled  after  marriage,  and  in  the  old  house  built  by  Mr. 
Bobbin  1817  all  his  children  were  born.  His  wife  died,  and  he  then  married  Mi>s  .Mary 
Bricker,  of  Cumberland  County.  To  them  were  born  ten  children:  David,  Lewis,  Joseph, 
John,  Levi,  Christine,  Eliza.  Catharine,  Clara,  and  Ella.  Peter  Bricker  continued  to 
reside  on  the  same  farm  until  1860,  when  he  moved  to  another  of  his  farms,  now  owned  by 
Jacob  Meily.  By  perseverance,  prudence  and  energy.  Mr.  Bricker  accumulated  property 
which,  at  his  death,  was  valued  at  f  162, 000, which  was  legally  divided  among  his  children. 
John  Bricker.  our  subject,  was  born  in  the  old  homestead  July  11,  1848.  In  1871  he  mar- 
ried Miss  Sarah  M.  Gross,  of  this  county.  They  have  been  blessed  with  eight  children: 
James,  Peter,  Lemuel,  Clarence,  Lawrence,  Naomi,  Bertie,  and  Mary.  At  his  father's 
death  he  went  to  live  with  his  family  in  the  old  homestead,  where  twenty-nine  members 
of  the  Bricker  family  first  saw  the  light  of  day  and  passed  out  to  fight  the  battle  of  life. 
Since  1829,  when  Jacob  Bricker  bought  the  old  homestead,  none  burBrickers  have  tilled 
the  soil  of  the  old  farm.  It  is  the  cradle  of  the  descendants  of  Peter  Bricker.  Like  his 
father  before  him,  John  is  a  prosperous  man,  and  well  known  for  his  industry,  thrift,  and 
honesty. 

LEVI  BRICKER,  farmer,  P.  O.  Hogestown,  is  a  grandson  of  Jacob  Bricker.  who 
was  born  in  Lancaster  County,  Penn.  The  family  is  of  German  origin,  his  ancestors  set- 
tling in  this  country  in  a  very  early  day,  and  Brickersville,  in  Lancaster  County,  was  named 
for  the  great-grandfather.  Jacob  Bricker.  already  mentioned,  married  Miss  Mary  Fry,  of 
Lancaster  County,  and  had  two  children:  Lewis  and  Peter.  In  1812.  when  the  latter  was 
about  six  years  of  age,  his  father  moved  to  this  county  and  settled  in  Newville,  where  he 
followed  milling.  A  few  years  later  he  purchased  the" Silver  Spring  Mill,  which  he  owned 
for  over  forty  years.  He  removed  to  Meehanicsburg  a  few  years  before  his  death,  which 
occurred  in  1807.  He  was  a  Republican  in  politics,  a  very  sociable,  prosperous  and  relia- 
ble man,  and  left  a  large  property  at  his  death.  Peter  Bricker,  his  son  was  born  in  Lan- 
caster County  in  1807.  He  too,  learned  the  miller's  trade.  He  married  Miss  Kate, 
daughter  of  George  Buttorf,  of  this  county,  and  to  this  union  were  born  six  children :  George, 
Peter,  Jacob,  Samuel,  Mary  and  Susan.  His  wife  died,  and  he  married  Miss  Mary  Bricker, 
of  this  county,  daughter  of  David  Bricker.  To  this  union  were  born  ten  children:  David, 
Eliza,  Kate,  Lewis,  Joseph,  John.  Levi,  Clara,  Christian  and  Ella.  Even  with  such  a  large 
family,  Mr.  Bricker  contrived,  by  energy  and  prudence,  to  accumulate  a  large  property, 
consisting  of  nine  farms  and  the  mill  property  in  Silver  Spring  Township,  estimated  to  be 
worth  $162,000.  In  politics  he  was  a  Republican.  Our  subject  was  born  on  the  old  home- 
stead, in  this  county,  September  29,  1850,  and  passed  his  early  life  on  the  farm.  In  1874  he 
married  Miss  Bella,  daughter  of  George  Breistline.  of  Cumberland  County,  and  has  two 
children:  Mary  and  Willie.  After  marriage  Mr.  Bricker  began  farming  on  his  own  ac- 
count. Like  his  father  before  him,  he  is  a  Republican  in  politics.  He  is  a  reliable,  hon- 
orable business  man. 

JESSE  BUCHER,  farmer,  P.  O.  Meehanicsburg.  According  to  tradition  the  great- 
grandfather of  this  gentleman  and  his  two  brothers  emigrated  from  Germany  to  America 
at  an  early  date,  and  from  them  sprang  the  Buchers  of  Pennsylvania,  t'hnstian  Bucher 
(grandfather  of  subject),  was  born  on  the  farm  where  his  father  originally  settled,  near 
Union  Station,  Lancaster  Co.,  Penn.  His  son,  Christian  Bucher,  was  born  on  the  old  home- 
stead, which  had  then  seen  three  generations  of  this  family  within  its  walls.  He  learned 
the  trade  of  miller,  which  he  followed  in  Lancaster  County  thirty-two  years.  In  1835 
Christian  Bucher  married  Miss  Leah,  daughter  of  George  Youndt.  of  Lancaster  County. 
Penn.,  who  bore  him  six  children:  Jesse,  Lydia  A.,  Elizabeth.  John,  Isaac  and  Henry  (all 
born  in  Lancaster  County).  In  1857  he  moved  with  his  family  to  Cumberland  County,  and 
bought  a  farm  of  216  acres,  where  he  remained  so  long  as  he  lived.  He  and  his  wife  were 
members  of  the  Lutheran  Church,  He  was  a  man  of  remarkable  force  of  character  and 
will-power;  beginning  life  with  nothing,  by  thrift  and  industry  he  accumulated  a  hand- 
some property  and  was  enabled  to  assist  all  his  children  to  start  in  life.  Jesse  Bucher, 
his  son,  was  born  in  Lancaster  County,  Penn  ,  in  1836,  and  came  to  this  county  with  his 
father  when  a  young  man.  He  learned  the  trade  of  a  miller,  and  followed  it  until  he  came 
to  this  county.  In  1863  he  married  Miss  Mary,  daughter  of  Jacob  and  Elizabeth  (Kanogy) 
Crow,  of  Perry  County,  Penn.  This  union  has  been  blessed  with  three  sons:  Albert  H, 
Henry  W.  and  Stewart  E.  After  marriage  Mr.  Bucher  bought,  in  1865,  his  present  home- 
stead, which  is  a  fine  farm  of  137  acres.  The  sons,  now  young  men,  are  all  at  home,  and 
the  entire  family  is  noted  for  thrift  and  those  qualities  which  go  to  make  up  a  successful 
life. 

GEORGE  CLEPPER,  farmer,  P.  O.  New  Kingstown,  is  a  grandson  of  Joseph  Clepper, 
of  German  descent,  who  lived  in  Lancaster  County  all  his  life.  Joseph,  his  son,  was  born 
in  that  county  in  1817,  and  when  only  three  years  old  was  brought  by  his  step-father, 
Jacob  Holdemon,  to  Cumberland  County,  Penn.  Joseph  Clepper  learned  the  miller's 
trade  of  Mr.  Holdemon  and  afterward  the  millwright's  trade.     In  1844  he  married  Miss 


SILVER  SPRING  TOWNSHIP. 


537 


Lvdia    daughter  of  George  and  Hannah  (Senseman)  Bauck.  of  this  county.    To  them 
u  .  ,.i,n,ir.Mi  ■  Geonre   Lvdia  A     Lucetla,  Hannah  J.  and  Joseph,     tn  1852.  Jo 
:;;,;■'::;;  ricuKVursuits,  and  passed  the  remainder  of fhis  life  on  the 

f  ,1 ,  HVdied  in  is:::  at  the  age  of  fifty-six.  He  was  a  man  oi  excellenl  moral  pnnci- 
,,. "h;.  iu  esteemed  bj  all  wfioknewbim  George  Clepper.  hie  son,  was  horn  in  South 
Odleton  Township,  thiscounty,  in  1848.  When  aWtwenty  two  years  of  age  he  visited 
i,,.',.  1  Western  States  and  cities,  Be  returned  after  two  years  and  a  hall  tothis 
SwnISp  having  had  a  varied  experience  as  atraveler.  Be  began  farming  m. l882nearNew 
Ktamton  this  county,  on  318  acres,  which,  by  industn  and  energy  combined  with  the 
skXiapracti  al  farmer,  lie  has  convert,  d  into  a  model  farm.  The  largerproportion  of 
nteste«k?s  improved  breeds,  [i  is  his  custom  during  the  fall  to  buy  young  Western  cattle, 
whichhe  fattens  for  mark, a.  and  he  has  now  thirty  two  head  o  steers  in  splendid  condi- 
tion stall-fed  and  ready  for  market.  This  farm  deserves  more  than  a  passing  notice  aait 
toan  exampleof  v,  hal  ran  be  accomplished  in  this  county  by  industry  intelligent  methods 
«iH  flkill      Mr  CleDDer  is  an  upright  man  and  thoroughly  understands  ins  business. 

ROBERT  CO  ItVi  AN,  manufacturer,  P.  0.  Mechanicsburg.  Prominent  among  the 
-aDitalists  and  manufacturers  ..f  Cumberland  Valley  stands  the  name  oi  Robert  (  prman. 
1  c-  n  ,in-  life  as  a  poor  boy,  in  this  county,  be,  by  his  own  industry  and  self-denial,  has 
r  ,'n  s  ■  n'hv  step  to  his  present  position  of  wealth  and  honor.  Bis  grandfather,  Ludrick 
Corman.  Uv*3d  in  Lebanon  County,  Penn..  and  was  of  German  descent;  he  married  a  Miss 
Wmomaker  also  of  Lebanon  County,  Penn.,  and  had  nine  children:  George,  John,  Jacob, 
Abraham  Philip  Benry,  Catharine.  Mary  and  Eliza,  Be  was  a  farmer  by  occupation; 
in  no  leal  opinions  a  Democrat.  He  enlisted  in  the  Revolutionary  war,  serving  under 
Gen  Washington  and  was  one  of  the  soldiers  who  passed  the  severe  winter  at  Valley 
F  rV  a  ,'l  Soeless,  ragg,  d  and  hungry  braved  almost  death  its.lt  for  the  cause  of  free- 
dom \  Droud  Bpirited  gentleman  of  the  old  school  he  refused  a  pension  for  us  services, 
as  he  thought  it  unbecoming  in  a  patriot  to  take  money  from  his  .a.  that  time)  poor  couu- 
trv  Manv  years  thereafter  he  was  unfortunate,  and  a  pension  was  applied  tor.  his  name 
was  found",,,,  the  roll,  hut  so  much  time  had  elapsed  that  all  who  knew  him  as  a  soldier 
,  p'deud  and  he  could  n„t  he  identified.  Thus  the  soldier  and  patriot  was  not  rewarded 
Tn  his  old  age  by  the  Government  his  services  had  helped  to  create.  John  Corman.  his 
e,  nd  ',..  was  bom  in  Lebanon  County.  Penn.,  April  9.  1778,  and  learned  the  trade  of 
coop"  He  married  Elizabeth  Campbell,  horn  in  Cumberland  County,  Penn  June  14 
ireS    a  descendant  of  the  famous  Campbells  of  Scotland,  a  branch  Of  which  had  settled  1Q 

Ireland   and  our  subject  is  therefore  of  tic-man  and  Scotch  Irish  descent.    To  John  and 

Elizabeth    Corman    were    born    nine    children:    William.     Robert     John,    Agnes.   Joseph, 

Charles  Eliza,  George  and  Campbell  -  all  dead  but  Robert  and  John.    Oi  these,  George 

wa-s  captain  in  Company  F,  Fifty-sixth  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry,  and 
foal  bis  life  in  the  second  battle  of  Bull  Run.  His  remains  were  not  recovered,  although 
his  brother  Robert  went  to  the  battle-field  to  obtain  them,  but  rest  on  Arlington  Heights, 
in  the  "re  it  tomb  with  over  3,000  unknown  soldiers.  Our  subject  s  lalhci  was  an  old-line 
Whi  I  -nan  of  wonderful  memory,  and  some  remarkable  incidents  are  yet 
remembered  of  this  faculty,  lb-  was  a  quiet  man.  and  a  very  honorable,  good  citizen 
Rob,,,  Corman's  mother  had  great  influence  on  his  character,  and  when  young  taught 
him  to  be  self  reliant,  honest  and  industrious.  He  assisted  her  all  he  could,  and  she  would 
s.,v  ■  Rob,  n  the  good  Lord  will  reward  you."  In  after  years  her  word-  came  true;  tor, 
relvin"  on  her  advice,  he  amassed  a  fortune,  and  can  well  thank  her  for  her  part  in  hissuc- 
rman  was  born  March  SO,  1810,  near  Warm  Springs,  Perry  Co..  Penn. 
\,  the  age  of  four  years  he  came  with  his  father  to  Cumberland  county,  lie  lived  with 
his  parents ,,,,  ,i,,.  Farm  until  about  nineteen,  when,  hecrmiing  discontented  with  farm  Me, 
)„.  told  hi-  father  be  must  make  more  money.  Robert  Bryson  had  offered  to  lea,  h  him 
tannin-,  and    he    went  to  live  with   him  a-  all  apprentice.  -„,;  nothing  in  the  world 

but  an  extra  suit  of  clothes.  Be  served  three  years  with  Mr.  Bryson,  and  al  the  end  of 
this  lime  the  latter  offered  him  111  a  month  and  board.     Be  continued  to  work  for  him 

for  .-   j,,,,n,cvman  tanner,  and  during  t his  lime  his  wages  were  increased  to 

50  cents  per  dav  Even  with  these  small  wages  young  Robert  had.  by  strict  economy, 
saved  1700  which  bad  been  invested  with  Mr.  Bryson  on  interest  at  6  per  cent.  Becom 
,  .   along  faster,  Robert  started  for  Cincinnati,  then  a  young 

.,,,,1  CT0win  '  '  "uninhabiiant-.  the  journej  thither  being  made  by  rail,  steam-boat 

and  Btage      Still  looking  for  work  he  Went  to  Covington.  Ky..  and  applied  to  a  Mr    Cranl. 

who  r,n  a  tannerv  there.     Mr.  Grant  told  him  he  could  not  give  him  employmen   as  he 

had   only    a  -mall   tannery,  but   few  vats,  and   he  and  two  little  son-  did  all  the  work;  one 

around  the  bark  and  the  other  handled  the  hides.    The  power  was  furnished  by  an  old 

ree      Mr  Grant  spoke  very  kindly  to  Robert  Corman,  who  was  a  little  discouraged,  and 

,  he,  r,  that  work  would  soon  be  found.    ThisMr.  Grant  was  the  father 

ot  rjiysses   -  id  it  is  very  possible  that  Gen.  Grant  himsell  was  one  oi  the  little 

bovs  belDine  hi-  father  al  this  humble  occupation.     Mr.  Corman  soon  obtained  work  at 

his  trade!  and  at  the  end  of  two  years  and  a  half  had  saved  *  To  in  gold.  He  next  went  to 
Kittanning,  Penn.,  and  worked  there  al  his  trade,  and  in  about  eighteen  months  had  saved 


538  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

$700.  Mr.  Bryson,  his  old  friend  and  employer,  became  embarrassed  in  business,  and 
wrote  him,  offering  a  one- third  interest  in  his  tannery,  which  was  accepted,  and  Mr.  Gor- 
man retained  this  interest  eleven  years,  working  industriously,  and  during  this  time  saved 
$12,000,  bought  28  acres  of  land  and  built  himself  a  fine  house.  October  2,  1849,  he 
married  Miss  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  John  and  Ann  (Blair)  Bailey.  To  this  union  was 
born  one  daughter — Laura — November  28,  1856;  since  married  to  Harry  C.  Gross,  of  Har- 
risburg,  son  of  Dr.  Daniel  Gross.  In  1853  Mr.  Gorman's  partnership  with  Mr.  Bryson  was 
dissolved  by  mutual  consent.  Mr.  Gorman  then  rented  his  residence  for  a  number  of 
years  to  a  nephew  of  Mr.  Bryson,  and  hiring  an  old  tan  yard  at  Trindle  Spring,  engaged 
in  the  tanning  business  for  seven  years,  and  while  thus  engaged  built  what  is  known  as 
the  "Florence  House,"  in  Carlisle,  and  which  was  the  first  four-story  house  in  the  city.  He 
erected  this  building  in  ninety  days,  driving  from  the  tannery  to  Carlisle  each  day.  Dur- 
ing these  years  Mr.  Bryson  had  again  been  unfortunate,  and  assignees  were  chosen.  His 
property  consisted  of  a  steam  tannery  in  full  operation,  well  stocked  with  about  $40,000 
worth  of  bark  and  hides,  over  200  acres  of  land,  a  fine  mansion  and  other  buildings.  This 
large  property  was  bought  by  Mr.  Corman  at  the  assignees'  sale  for  $18,000;  the  war  being 
in  full  progress  no  one  would  bid  any  higher.  At  the  end  of  three  years  Mr.  Corman 
wound  up  his  business,  and  sold  the  property  and  stock  for  $59,000,  making  a  clear  profit 
of  $41,000.  He  then  moved  to  Mechanicsburg  and  invested  in  7-30  United  States  bonds, 
by  which  he  largely  increased  his  wealth.  In  1866  he  went  on  a  pleasure  trip  overland 
to  California,  in  company  with  Col.  McCormick  and  John  Haldmon,  of  Harrisburg,  Penn. 
He  visited  Chicago,  Denver,  Salt  Lake  City,  Idaho,  Nevada,  Oregon  and  California,  and 
at  San  Francisco  took  steamer  for  New  York.  His  wife  died  in  March,  1867.  He  then 
bought  an  interest  in  the  Trindle  Spring  paper-mill,  which  enterprise  proved  unfortunate 
to  the  stock-holders,  but  no  one  else  lost  a  dollar.  Mr.  Corman  then  bought  the  property 
and  converted  it  into  a  tobacco  warehouse,  buying  three  adjoining  farms,  which  he  culti- 
vated and  commenced  raising  tobacco.  December  11,  1884.  he  was  married  to  his  second 
wife,  Miss  Eliza,  daughter  of  Peter  Bricker,  of  Silver  Spring  Township,  this  county. 
Mr.  Corman  is  remarkably  strong  and  active,  and  seems  younger  than  most  men  of  fifty. 
He  has  had  a  varied  career,  and  is  a  man  of  mark.  During  his  life  he  has  taught  sixteen 
youths  the  art  of  tanning,  and  in  his  many  business  enterprises  has  employed  a  large  num- 
ber of  men.  To  Robert  Bryson  and  his  family  Mr.  Corman  attributed  much  of  his  suc- 
cess, for  they  gave  good  counsel,  encouragement,  and  were  kind  to  him  in  the  dark  days 
of  adversity,  treating  him  like  a  son.  Four  principles  to  success  are  shown  in  our  sub- 
ject's active  life — energy,  industry,  economy  and  honesty;  and  the  young  men  of  to-day 
may  well  emulate  his  example. 

ZACHARIAH  DEITZ  (deceased).  The  family  of  Deitz  originated  in  Germany  and 
came  to  America  in  an  earl}'  day.  Daniel  Deitz  came  from  York  County  to  Cumberland 
County,  Penn.,  and  settled  in  Hampden  Township.  He  married  Lydia  Stonner,  of  York 
County, who  bore  him  six  children:  David,  Christian,  Zachariah,  Nancy,  Mary  and  Betsey. 
Daniel  Deitz  was  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church.  He  was  a  large  land-holder,  and 
at  his  death  left  his  property  to  his  children.  Zachajfiah  Deitz.  his  son,  was  born  in  York 
County,  Penn.,  February  24.  1828.  and  came  to  this  county,  with  his  father,  when  a  small 
boy,  and  here  passed  his  early  life  on  his  father's  farm.  March  11,  1862.  he  married  Miss 
Anna  Roth,  of  Cumberland  County,  daughter  of  Ferdinand  and  Anna  (Seifert)  Roth. 
This  union  was  blessed  with  six  children:  John  E.,  Norma  A.,  Minnie  C.,  Clayton  Z., 
Ferdinand  R.  and  Harry  E.  After  marriage  our  subject  came  to  Silver  Spring  Township  and 
bought  the  present  homestead  where  all  the  children  were  born.  Here  he  lived  happily 
for  twelve  years,  blessed  with  good  health,  a. comfortable  home,  loving  wife  and  a  fine 
healthy  family  of  children,  when  suddenly,  by  a  sad  accident,  all  was  changed,  and  the 
strong~man  and  loving  father  was  stricken  to  the  earth,  and,  after  a  lingering  illness,  died 
in  great  suffering,  leaving  his  wife  to  the  task  of  bringing  up  and  educating  his  young 
children.  This  great  labor  she  has  performed  with  true  fidelity  and  courage,  and  now 
sees  them  nearly  grown  to  manhood  and  womanhood  as  a  reward  for  her  trouble. 

JOHN  E.  GIBBLB,  farmer,  P.  O.  Hogestown.  This  family  originated  in  Germany 
and  came  to  this  county  at  an  early  date.  The  grandfather  of  this  gentleman  was  born 
in  Lancaster  County,  Penn.;  was  a  farmer  and  the  father  of  five  children:  Samuel,  Chris- 
tian, John,  Fannie  and  Mary.  He  was  a  member  of  the  German  Baptist  Church,  com- 
monly called  Dunkards.  He  died  in  Lancaster  County.  Samuel,  his  son.  was  born  in 
1809,  in  Lancaster  County,  Penn. ;  he  married  Miss  Nancy  Eshleman,  daughter  of  John 
Eshleman,  of  Lancaster  County,  Penn.  To  this  union  were  born  five  children:  Curtis, 
Catharine,  Fannie,  Salinda  and  John  E.  In  1844  Samuel  Gibble  moved,  with  his  family, 
to  this  county  and  settled  in  Silver  Spring  Township.  He  was  a  very  religious  man,  a 
member  of  the  German  Baptist  Church;  in  politics  a  Republican;  he  died  aged  fifty  years, 
greatly  respected  by  all.  John  E.  Gibble.  our  subject,  was  born  in  July,  1852,  and  passed 
his  early  life  on  his  grandfather's  farm.  In  1885  he  was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss 
Mary  A.,  daughter  of  Daniel  Trortle,  of  Cumberland  County.  In  political  opinions  he  is 
a  Democrat.  "He  resides  on  a  good  farm,  pleasantly  situated  near  Hogestown.  where  he 
lives  quietly  with  his  wife  and  aged  mother.     He  is  a  reliable  man  and  a  good  farmer. 


:,:;'.! 


SILVER  SPRING  TOWNSHIP. 

crorcr  K   II  VII  M  VN    (aimer,  P.  0.  Mechanicsburg.     This  family  originated  near 
Haldelbere  Germany,  and  immigrated  to  America  more  than  one  hundred  years 

aLfbanon  CoSnty,  Penn.  John  F  Bailman,  U»  grandfather  d  £?«£ieaof«" 
sketch i  was  born  in  Lebanon  County,  Penn  .  and  went  to  Dauphin  Countywhen  but  a 
U  v  h  hi-  "her  Be,  John  P..  married  Miss  Elizabeth  Miller,  of  Franklin  (  ounty, 
pZn    wnobore  him  ten  children;   8arah,  Rebecca,  Lydia,  Susan,  Elizabeth   Mar,  A 

than  and  Benjamin  M    all  born  and  reared  on  >h,  old  home-  ead 

which  was  owned  by  the  family  for  more  than  one  hundred  years,  and  consisted  o1  a  fine 

Fam  andre^idence^ocated  within  8  mile  and  a  half  of  Barrisburg.     Benjamin  M.  Bail 

S™  was  botn  on  the  same  old  homestead  August  19. 1800  and  Won  the  old  farm  thirty- 

."    ,  \,a,.      In  1834  hemarried  Miss  Jane,  daughter  oi  George  and  Chnstianna  Rupp.oi 

CifmberUnd  County,  Penn..  and  a  descendanl  of  John  Jonas  Rupp,  the  founder  oi   the 

RuppSy     (I.  Daniel  Rupp,  the  historian,  w*s  Mrs.  Bailman's  brother)    This  unmn 

waTblessTd  with  four  children:  Elizabeth,  Christianna,  George  P.  and  John  C.    In  1888 

B  ,,i 'm  in  M    Bailmanmoved  to  Silver  Spring  Township,  this  county,  and  settled  on  the 

',"„„,',    M,  Bailman's  father  where  they  lived  until  1849,  when they moved 

Ik    ' c-~  i  homestead.     Mr.  Bailman  was  a  Lutheran,  but  always  attended  the  <  hurch 

of  Qod  of  whirl,  bis  widow  is  a  member.     In  politics  he  was  a  Democrat  until  the  war, 

when  he  became  a  Republican.     Be  died  at  the  age  of  seventy-nine,    Bis  widow  is  now 

,  .  „,  the  homestead,  pleasantly  situated,  and  in  her  old  age  is  surrounded  by  her 

1     Uv,  a  d  ETandchildreS.    George  P.  Bailman,  the  son  of  this  estimable  couple   was 

oornin  Silver^ Spring  Township,  this  county,  in   is4(i.     In  1S79  he  married   Miss  Julia, 

daughter  of  Henry  and  Caroline  Kornbrust,  a  native  of  Germany.    They. are  the  parents 

fw    children:  .hdin  G.  and  Carrie  E.     In  political  opinions  our  subjec  is  a  Republican 

II,  "a  a  prominent  farmer  in  his  township,  and  desires  no  better  reputation  than  thai  oi 

beinir  a  skillful  farmer  and  an  upright  man.  ._„      .  ^mQ 

JOHN  E    V   HERMAN,  farmer,  P.  O.  Middlesex.    Cumberland  Valley  has  no  name 

of  more  antiquity  and  honor  than  thai  of  Herman,  and  anion-  the  sons  are  men ,  of .high 

rank  and  great  ability.     Martin  Herman,  a  native  of  Germany,  land,  d  in  1  hiladelphia, 

IVnn    July  8,  1752,  and  on  the  15th  of  April,  1771,  settled  on  a  tract  of  land  called     St. 

Martin-  "in  Bilver  Spring  Township,  this  county,  and  this  land,  where  he  lived  and  died 

hi       '„  in  , ession  of  his  descendants  one  hundred  and  fifteen  years.    He  had  two 

tnd  Martin.      Of  these,  Christian  »>  horn  on    the   old   homestead,  and  in 

,he  course  of  time  became  a  large  land  holder  and  prominent  farmer,  owning  640  acres  oi 
land  He  n.anied  Mi-s  Elizabeth  Bowers,  and  to  them  were  horn  ten  children:  John, 
Jacob  Mary  Ann.  Martin.  Christian.  David.  Elizabeth,  Benjamin  and  Joseph.  He  was 
a  short  -mm-  man  physically,  and  died  at  the  age  of  sixty-one  years.  John  the  eldest 
'-  „  f  h,  i-tian  Herman,  wa-  horn  on  the  old  homestead  in  1797,  and  passed  his  early  life 
tte  lam,  was  married,  in  L818,  to  Miss  Elizabeth,  daughter  oi  George  and  Rachel 
(Leidigh)  Beltzhoover,  who  bore  him  ten  children:  Christian,  Rachel  A  Henrietta.  Ma 
,  ,-eir  George  T.  B.,  John  E.  A..  Margaret,  Elizabeth,  Joseph  L.  and  Benjamin  F.  In 
1S"1  he  John"  Herman,  bought  his  father's  farm,  in  Silver  Spring  Township,  this  county. 
Be  was'a  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church,  Berving  as  deacon  and  elder  for  man y  year-. 
,[,.  died  aged  sixty-three.  His  son  John  E.  A.  Herman  was  born  on  the  old  homestead  in 
March  1836.  In  1859  he  married  Mi-s  Eliza  J.,  daughter  of  Darnel  Fought,  and  to  this 
u„io„  u.re  horn  tWO  Children:  Marv  E.  and  Bertha  J.  Mrs.  Henna,,  died  in  1868,  and 
March  18  1878,  our  subject  marriedMiss  Lizzie  A.,  daughter  of  Abraham  and  Elizabeth 
fHornerl  Zeigler  of  this  county.  In  l»B  lie  purchased  a  farm  in  Monroe  Township,  this 
,,„niv  where  he  lived  tine,  years.  In  1870  he  purchased  his  present  home  in  Sliver 
BDrinKTownship,  a  fine  farm,  pleasantly  situated.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Herman  are  members 
of  the  Lutheran  Church.  He  is  a  man  of  excellent  business  habits,  energetic  and  upright. 
In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat.  .      Qoa  „  .v.  .H 

M  VN  IS8EH  BERMAN,  farmer,  P.  O.  iNew  Kingstown,  was  born  in  1839,  on  the  old 
homestead  which  has  now  been  in  the  Herman  family  four  generations;  the  tarm  is 
called  '  Maple  Hall."  and  on  it  Mr.   Hem,,,,,  has  passed   his  entire  life.    He  was  educated 

,',  thecommon  3, Is,  and  later  took  an  academic  course  at  New  Kingston.     Ue then 

wentWest   and  on  his  return,  in  L859,  marriedMiss  Mary  E.   Meily,  daughter  of  Jacob 

and  Mary(Fry)  Meily,  of  Cumberland  County.    To  them  have  been  born  five  children: 

WarrenS     A    Lorena,  Mary  E.,  Rachael  A.  G.   and  Manasseh  II.     After  marriage  Mr. 

Hem,,,,,  and  wife  wenl  ping  on  the  old  homestead,  and  here  they  hay  ream 

their  family     Mr  and  Mrs.  Herman  aredevoul  members  of  Trinity  Evangelical  Lutheran 

Ihechildren  are  all  members  ofthesame  church    with  the  ex- 

resi      i„  politics  Mr.  Herman  is  a  Democrat,  as  was  his  father  before 

i,       Mrs.  Herman  was  one  of  the  first  graduates  of  the  Irving  Female  College,  Mechan- 

iSburg   Theeldesl  rlisle  High  School,  oi  the  class  of  1882.  Mi. 

Herman  i-  a  careful   fame  bit    man      (For  early  history  of  the  family  see 

BketJOHN°W    H  ERSBMAN.'farmer,  Ilogestown.    The  great-grandfather  of  this  gentle- 
man settled  in  Franklin  County.  Penn.,  more  than   100  years  ago.  and   his  son.  Frederick, 


540  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

was  born  in  that  county  in  1777.  Frederick  Hershman  was  twice  married,  and  was  the 
father  of  five  children  by  his  first  wife:  John,  Jeremiah.  William,  Daniel  and  Mary.  His 
wife  died,  and  he  married  Miss  Sarah  Ackerson,  of  Franklin  County,  Penn..  and  to  this 
union  were  born  four  children:  Joseph,  Logan.  Sarah  J.  and  Annie.  In  1835  Frederick 
Hershman  moved  to  Cumberland  County,  where  he  owned  a  good  farm  near  Shepherds- 
town.  He  died  in  Silver  Spring  Township,  aged  ninety-four  years.  He  was  a  man  of 
easy  disposition,  honest  and  upright;  in  politics  a  Democrat.  William  Hersliman,  his 
son,  was  born  in  Franklin  County,  Penn.,  October  7,  1802,  and  learned  the  trade  of  a 
miller;  married  Miss  Rebecca,  daughter  of  George  Willson,  of  Franklin  County,  Penn., 
and  this  union  was  blessed  with  eighteen  children:  Elizabeth,  Jeremiah  W.,  Jolin  W., 
Catharine,  Sarah,  Isabella,  Margaret,  William,  Armstrong  J..  Mary,  Rebecca.  Henry  [., 
Angelina,  Martha,  Laura,  Agnes,  Nancy  J.  and  one  who  died  in  infancy.  In  1833  Mr. 
Hershman  moved  to  this  county.  He  was  a  Democrat  politically.  He  and  his  wife  are 
members  of  the  Evangelical  Church.  He  was  well  known  as  a  man  of  integrity.  John 
W.,  his  son,  was  born  in  this  county  February  11,  1834,  and  learned  the  trade  of  carpen- 
ter, which  he  followed  for  twenty-five  years,  and  was  the  architect  and  builder  of  several 
of  the  principal  buildings  in  Mechanicsburg,  Penn.,  viz.:  Market  house.  Methodist  Church, 
"  American  House"  and  "  Merchants'  Hotel."  In  1858  he  married  Miss  Mary  Arbegast, 
of  this  county,  by  whom  he  has  nine  children:  Raymond  L.,  reading  law  in  the  office  of 
William  Penn  Lloyd;  William  M.;  Elmer  O.,  married  to  Miss  Mary  Lichtenberger;  Anna 
E.,  Minnie  K.,  Harry  N.,  Sarah  J.,  Carrie  E.  and  George  W.  'In  1878  Mr.  Hershman 
commenced  farming,  an  occupation  which  he  has  since  followed.  Politically  he  is  a 
Democrat. 

SAMUEL  HESS,  farmer,  P.  O.  Mechanicsburg.  The  Hess  family,  who  originally 
came  from  Germany,  settled  in  this  country  at  a  very  early  date.  The  Christian  name  of 
the  grandfather  is  not  known,  but  he  was  a  substantial  farm'-r  in  Lancaster  County,  Penn. 
He  had  two  sons,  Michael  and  Christian,  and  he  went  to  York  County  and  bought  each  of 
these  sons  a  fine  farm.  Michael  (father  of  our  subject)  was  born  in  Lancaster  County, 
Penn.;  married  Barbara  Leib,  of  the  same  county,  and  after  marriage  moved  to  the  farm 
in  York  County,  which  had  teen  the  gift  of  his  father.  To  this  couple  were  born  five 
children:  Abraham.  John.  Samuel,  Michael  and  Annie.  Mr.  Hess  was  a  careful  farmer, 
and  owned  one  of  the  finest  farms  in  the  whole  county;  he  was  accidentally  killed.  Sam- 
uel Hess,  his  son,  was  born  in  York  County,  Penn.,  August  11,  1818.  He  was  veryyoung 
when  his  father  died,  and  lived  with  his  mother  until  his  marriage.  March  20,  1845.  with 
Miss  Catharine  Bitner.  of  York  County,  daughter  of  Samuel  and  Annie  'Mish)  Bilner. 
This  union  was  blessed  with  three  children:  Annie.  Henry  and  Barbara.  Mr.  Hess  bought 
his  present  homestead  about  the  year  1858.  In  1876  Henry  Hess,  his  son.  married  Miss 
Annie  M.,  daughter  of  Daniel  and  Elizabeth  (Morrett)  Bobb,  and  to  this  union  have  been 
l)orn  three  children:  Amos  E.,  Berttie  M.  and  Lizzie  R.  The  entire  family  have  won  the 
respect  of  their  friends  and  neighbors  for  sterling  worth,  industry  and  honesty. 

DR.  MICHAEL  L.  HOOVER.  P.  O.  Mechanicsburg.  The  grandfather  of  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  lived  in  this  county  in  an  early  day.  and  was  a  farmer  and  land-holder. 
He  married  Miss  Catharine  Wonderlick,  of  Cumberland  County,  and  had  five  children: 
John.  Elizabeth.  Annie,  Mary  and  Catharine.  He  was  a  membe'rof  the  Lutheran  church. 
John  Hoover,  his  son,  was  born  in  this  county  in  1787,  and  married  Lydia  Leidig,  of  Leb- 
anon County,  Penn.  He  was  a  farmer,  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church,  and  lived  in 
the  old  homestead  until  his  death,  which  occurred  in  his  thirty-fourth  year.  His  widow 
lived  to  be  seventy-seven.  To  them  were  born  four  children:  Michael  L..  John  L..  Sarah 
A.,  and  Sarah  E.  Our  subject,  who  was  born  in  1820.  on  the  old  homestead  in  this  county, 
when  young,  learned  the  carpenter's  trade.  In  1844  he  married  Miss  Mary,  daughter 
of  John  W.  and  Catharine  M.  Millisen,  of  Dauphin  County,  Penn..  and  after  marriage  he 
began  farming.  To  this  union  were  born  ten  children:  Anna  O,  Myers  J.,  Eva  J.,  Adam 
A..  Sarah  E.,  Margaret  A.,  Laura  V.,  John  W.,  Clara  A.  and  George  M.  Mr.  Hoover  had 
sad  trouble  in  raising  his  children,  eight  having  sickened  and  died  in  early  life.  The 
physicians  employed  were  powerless  to  save  them,  and  this  determined  Mr.  Hoover  to 
study  medicine  himself,  to  save  the  remainder  of  his  family,  if  possible.  He  bought  med- 
ical books  and  studied  hard,  and  in  bis  own  family  became  successful.  His  friends  and 
neighbors  then  pressed  him  to  treat  them,  and  gradually  he  gained  a  regular  practice.  He 
never  attended  a  medical  school,  though  after  he  attained  success  he  was  urged  to  do  so, 
and  was  offered  a  diploma  if  he  would  attend  medical  lectures  for  a  short  time.  Having 
gained  his  medical  knowledge  by  his  unaided  efforts  he  preferred  to  continue  in  hi-;  own 
way,  as  he  was  uniformally  successful.  Tbe  people  had  confidence  in  him.  and  his  sin  cess 
justified  his  ideas.  His  son,  John  W.,  married  Miss  Alice  L..  daughter  of  Isaac  Sadler, 
of  Carlisle,  Penn. ;  Laura  V.  married  George  W.  Hoover,  of  Churehtown,  son  of  Jacob 
Hoover  (have  two  children:  Guy  H.  and  Frank  J.);  the  youngest  son  of  our  subject,  George 
M.,  is  a  student  at  Franklin  and  Marshall  College.  Lancaster.  Penn. 

JOHN  JACOBS,  farmer,  P.  O.  New  Kingstown.  Among  the  prominent  families  of 
Cumberland  County  is  that  of  Jacobs,  of  Scotch-Irish  descent.  The  grandfather  of  our 
subject,  who  settled  in  York  County,  Penn.,  came  from  Ireland  and  was  a  blacksmith  by 


SILVER  SPRING  T0WM8HIP.  ->  I  ' 

trade  He  was  the  father  of  four  children:  David,  Elizabeth,  Joseph,  and  one  son  who 
dledyoui  facobs,  his  son,  was  born  in  Fork  County,  Penn.,  in  1798,  and 

when  a  lad  of  about  twelve  years  He  was  a  carpenter  bj 
I  Miss  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Philip  Duey,  of  Cumberland  County,  Penn.,  and 
lo  them  were  born  three  sons:  David,  Ephraim  and  John.  Joseph  Jacobs  was  a  Demo- 
crat in  political  opinions,  wasamemberol  the  Lutheran  Church,  and  died  at  the  earlj 
.,,,',.  ,,t  'thiiu  seven  John,  his  son,  was  born  in  this  township  in  1880,  and  was  but  four 
mars  of  age  when  his  father  died  By  good  management  lii-  mother  secured  a  home, 
and  gave  her  son  all  the  advantages  in  her  power.     In  1884  our  subject  was  elected  sheriff 

of  Cumberland  I  lounty.     In  1885  In-  married  Miss  Mary,  daughter  of  Michael  and  Sal • 

(Senseman)  Kost,  of  this  county      This  union  hasl n  blessed  with  two  children    Salome 

V,  and  Thomas  Ralph.  In  1866  Mr.  Jacobs  entered  into  partnership  with  Moses  (bicker 
in  tin'  I. el  on  Forge,  in  which  he  was  engaged  ten  years,  lie  then  mo  vial  to  hi-  present  farm 
.,,,,1  homestead  Mr  Jacobs  is  a  stanch  Democrat  ami  has  held  several  township  offices. 
He  is  a  stalwart  man  of  fifty  six  years  and  of  easy  and  dignified  manners.  He  takes  life 
philosophically,  and  is  one  of  the  farmers  who  spend  their  evenings  with  the  newspapers. 

He  i-  well  known  throughout  the  COUnty  as  a  man  of  character  ami  ability. 

JOHN  1"   BLAST,  teacher,  P.  O.  Mechanicsburg.     Among  Urn  prominent  families  of 
Cumberland  Valley  and  the  earliest  settlers  appears  the  name  of  East,  of  hardy  German 
Btock;  the  family  retain  many  of  the  characteristics  of  the  stalwart  pioneers  who  first  set- 
tled in  this  beautiful  valley.    .Michael  Kast,  the  great-grandfather  of  our  subject,  emi 
crated  from  Germany  in  I7(il,  and  bought  land  of  the  proprietary  government  about  six 
miles  west  of  Carlisle,  in  South  Middleton  Township,  this  county.     Here  he  settled  and 
D  until  hi- death.      He  was  the   father  of  two   sons,  of  whom.  George,  was  born, 
i  died  on  his  father's  homestead.     He,  George  Kast,  was  the  father  of  four  sons: 
Philip,  John  and  Jacob.     OftheBe,  Jacob  was  born  in  1792,  on  the  original  home 
stead   where  three  generations  of  Kast-  had  now  been  born.     In  1820,  Jacob  Kast  married 
Miss  Margaret,  daughter  Of   Benjamin  Swart/.,  of  Cumberland  County,  and  to  this  union 
n  nine  children:  Catharine  I.,  J.  Benjamin,  Jacob  K.,  Margaret.  Samuel  J.,  David 
I'.     John  P.,  Sarah  and  J.  Theodore.     Jacob   Kast  bought  a  farm  in  Silver  Spring  Town- 
ship, where  he  settled  and  lived  until  his  death.     He  was  a  Lutheran  in  religious  belief; 
in  politics  a  Stanch  Demoerat       lie  was  a  man  of  stroug  determination  and  great  will 
power,  but  though  always  Strict   with   hi-   family  he  kept  his  promises  and  was  kind  and 

0  all.    John  P.  Kast.  ids  son,  was  born  on  his  father's  farm,  in  this  county.  in_1881. 
lie  acquired  his  education  in  the  common  schools  andat  the  Cumberland  Valley  Institute. 

i  sburg.     lie  began  teaching  at  nineteen.     In  is.,f,   he   went    to   Nebraska,  then 

i\  and  considered  in  the  far  West,  where  he  located  land  (which  he  still  owns), 

and   subsequently  was  elected  county  superintendent   of  schools  of  Sarpy 

t  lounty,  and  later  passed  hi-  time  farming  and  surveying.     In  1859  he  returned  home  and 

1  -oliool-tcaching.       In    lSti.i    he   married    Mis-  Sarah   C,  daughter  of  GeOl 

Eliza  (Hacket)  Longsdorf,  of  this  county.    This  union  has  been  blessed  with  six  chddren: 

Ella  I-.,  George  A .,   Laura  M.,  Charles  L.  Foster  K.  and  Wilber  B.      Mr.  Kast  has  taught 
all  twenty-nine  years,  a  record  only  equaled  in  this  county  by  his  brother,  David 
E.,  who  has  been  engaged  in  school  work  for  thirty  eight  years;  and  the  number  of  pupils 
who  have  Keen  instructed  by  the  two  brothers  number  thousands. 

CURTIS  KOST,  justice  of  the  peace,  P.  <>.  New  Kingstown.  Among  the  prominent 
families  of  Cumberland  County  and  the  very  earliest  settlers  appears  the  name  of  Kost 
They  are  of  German  descent.  The  great-grandfather,  John  George  Jacob  Kost,  early  set- 
tled in  this  township,  buying  land  of  the  Indian-,  and  part  Of  the  old  man-ion  place.  SO 
called  from  hi  i  unily  residence,  wa-   bought    from   the  Indian-  for  three  yards 

i  pei  acre,     rohn  George  Jacob  Kost,  the  son  of  above,  was  born  in  the  old  log 

L77B  over  the  mantel.      He  married  Mi—  Catharine  Howk,  and 

to  them  were  bom  two  children;   Michael  and  a  daughter  that  died  in  infancy       Michael. 
■;    married    Mi—   Salome   Sen-eman.  of  tlii-  county,  and  to  this  union 

irn  Bix  children    Jacob,  John,  Mary,  Adeline.  Daniel  and  Curtis.     Michael  Kost 

,il  man  and  iiierea-ed   the   paternal  estate  to  600  acres.      In  politics  he  wa-  a 

stanch  Democrat      Hi    was  county  commissi sr  tor  three  years  and  held  various  town- 
ship offices.      <  >f  a  mild  and  plea-ant   disposition,   lie  was  beloved  by  all  his  family,  and  in 

personal  appearance  his  son  Curtis  greatly  resembles  him.     lie  lived  to  the  age  of  seventy- 

lour  years.      He  was  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church,  as  is  al-o  his  widow,  who  is  now 

eventy-eight  years.    Curtis  Kost  was  bom  May  10,  1888,  on  the  old  hom 

w  here  be  remain,  il  until  hi-  marriage  with  Miss  Margaret  Ani-lrong.  to  which  union  were 

linn,  all  of  whom  died  young.     The  mother  died  September  II,  l*i;::.      No 

50,  isTo.  Mr   Ko-t  was  again  married,  this  time  to  Miss  Nancy,  daughter  of  John 

and  Nancy  (Boyer)  Losh,  of  Perrj  County,  Penn.    To  this  union  have  been  bom  eight 

children;  Elsetta  A     AbiiieS..  (■' ge  L.,  Emma E.,  Cora  E.,  Robert  R.,  Maggie   E,   and 

;   \\      Mr    Ko-t   followed  agriculture  until  l^sl  on  the  farm  inherited  from  his 
and  which  has  been  in  the  family  tom  generations      In  1885,  he  was  elected  justice 
of  the  peace  and  is  now  living  in  New  Kingston.     Mr  Cost  is  also  a  stanch  Democi 


542  BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES: 

has  stood  by  his  party  in  the  dark  days  of  defeat  and  in  the  bright  sunshine  of  victory.  He 
is  a  prominent  man  in  the  community  and  is  well  known  throughout  the  county.  He  has 
the  reputation  of  being  a  sensible  and  gentlemanly  business  man. 

JOHN  M.  LOUDON,  farmer,  P.  O.  Mechanicsburg.  The  great-grandfather  of  this 
gentleman  was  the  first  of  the  name  of  whom  there  is  any  record.  He  was  of  English 
origin,  and  settled  on  the  State  Ridge,  in  Silver  Spring  Township,  this  county,  and  when 
he  died  his  farm  was  left  to  his  children,  but  was  afterward  bought  by  his  son,  James, 
who  later  sold  it.  In  these  early  times  the  Indians  were  very  numerous,  and  their  depre- 
dations troublesome.  At  one  time  when  some  children  were  going  to  school  they  saw  a 
party  of  Indians,  and  on  reaching  the  schoolhouse  told  their  teacher,  who  did  not  seem  to 
fear  any  trouble,  for  he  told  them  to  recite  one  lesson,  and  then  he  would  let  them  go 
home.  In  a  few  moments  the  "red-skins"  were  upon  them,  and,  though  the  teacher 
begged  for  mercy  for  the  children,  they  were  all  mercilessly  killed  and  scalped  but  one, 
who  escaped  to  tell  the  horrors  of  the  tale.  At  this  time  Silver  Spring  Township  was 
covered  with  small  oak  scrubs.  The  first  settlements  were  made  on  the  ridge,  on  account 
of  water  being  easy  to  reach  there.  James  Loudon,  grandfather  of  our  subject,  was  born 
on  his  father's  farm.  He  married  Mary  Pinkerton,  and  by  her  had  one  son — Mathew — 
who  was  born  in  1812,  on  the  old  homestead.  He  (Mathew)  married  Catharine  Myers,  of 
Monroe  Township,  this  county,  and  to  this  union  were  born  John  M.,  Albert  J.  and  Eliza- 
beth. After  his  marriage  Mathew  Loudon  began  farming  near  Trindle  Spring,  where  he 
remained  for  about  seven  years.  He  then  bought  a  farm  in  Silver  Spring  Township, 
where  he  reared  his  family.  He  and  his  wife  were  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church.  In 
politics  lie  was  a  Republican.  In  1881  he  bought  the  present  homestead,  then  called  the 
Longsdorf  farm.  He  was  a  careful,  honorable  man,  and  attended  striclly  to  his  business, 
rearing  his  family  to  the  principles  of  industry  and  truth.  John  M.  Loudon,  his  son.  was 
born  on  the  old  homestead  May  27,  1841,  and  passed  his  early  life  on  his  father's  farm, 
gaining  his  education  in  the  common  schools.  In  1875  he  was  united  in  marriage  with 
Miss  Eliza,  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Margaret  (Jones)  Ellis,  English  people,  who  first,  set- 
tled in  Tennessee.  This  union  has  been  blessed  with  four  children:  Margaret  E. ,  Mary 
C.,  John  Matthew  and  Lillie  E.  In  politics  Mr.  Loudon  is  a  Republican.  He  owns  one 
of  the  best  farms  in  this  township,  and  the  entire  family  have  the  respect  of  the  com- 
munity. 

GEORGE  MESSINGER,  farmer,  P.  O.  Hogestown.  The  grandfather  of  this  gen- 
tleman, John  W.  H.  Messinger,  a  tailor  by  trade,  immigrated  to  this  country  about  1765, 
when  a  young  man  of  twenty,  to  make  a  home  in  the  wilderness,  settling  in  York  County, 
Penn.,  where  he  bought  a  farm.  He  married  Miss  Catharine,  daughter  of  John  Goswiler, 
of  Cumberland  County,  Penn.,  and  to  them  were  born  ten  children:  Mary,  Henry,  John, 
Jacob,  William,  Catharine,  Susannah  and  Bostorra  (twins),  Daniel  and  Margaret.  In 
1804  John  W.  H.  Messinger  moved  to  this  county,  and  settled  in  Silver  Spring  Township, 
on  the  farm  now  occupied  by  John  C.  Ropp;  after  ten  years  he  moved  to  Perry  County, 
Penn.,  and  bought  a  farm, where  he  lived  until  his  death;  he  died  at  the  age  of  seventy-five 
years.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church.  Jacob  Messinger.  his  son  (father  of 
our  subject),  was  born  in  Cumberland  County  in  1804*  and  when  but  a  lad  went  with  his 
father  to  Perry  County,  Penn.  He  married  Miss  Susannah,  daughter  of  Abraham  Jacobs, 
of  Perry  County,  and  two  children  were  born  to  them:  Mary  and  George.  Jacob  Mess- 
inger was  reared  a  farmer,  but  later  kept  a  tavern  at  Shermansdale,  where  he  died,  aged 
thirty-three  years,  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church.  George  Messinger,  his  son  (sub- 
ject of  this  sketch),  was  born  in  Perry  County,  Penn.,  June  21,  1825.  As  his  father  died 
when  he  was  but  a  small  boy  he  early  endured  the  hardships  of  having  to  live  among 
strangers.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  learned  carpentering.  In  March,  1847,  he  married 
Miss  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  George  and  Elizabeth  (Fenical)  Albright,  of  Perry  County. 
This  union  has  been  blessed  with  the  following  named  children:  Mary,  William,  Henry, 
Henrietta,  James  D..  Anna  C.  and  Jeremiah  A.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Messinger  had  a  sad  loss  in 
the  death  of  three  of  their  children:  Mary,  the  wife  of  John  A.  Kimkle,  and  the  mother 
of  five  children  at  her  decease;  Henrietta,  who  died  at  the  early  age  of  ten  years;  and 
Amos  C,  who  was  stricken  down  just  as  he  was  entering  manhood.  These  great  trials 
have  been  met  with  patience  and  Christian  resignation.  In  1868  Mr.  Messinger  moved  to 
this  county,  where  he  has  since  lived.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church,  and  his 
wife  of  the  German  Reformed.  In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat.  He  is  an  industrious,  care- 
ful farmer  and  an  honest  man.  The  Messingers  still  retain  many  of  the  characteristics  of 
the  hardy  stock  from  which  they  sprang. 

JOHN  M.  SHOEMAKER,  music  teacher  and  farmer,  P.O.  Mechanicsburg.  The  great- 
grandfather of  this  gentleman,  Henry  Shoemaker,  emigrated  from  Germany  to  America 
at  the  age  of  seventeen,  and  settled  in  Berks  County,  Penn.  His  son  Henry  was  born  in 
Berks  County,  Penn.,  about  the  year  1751,  and  in  the  course  of  time  became  owner  of  a 
fine  farm  in  that  county;  he  was  a  soldier  in  the  Revolutionary  war:  was  thrice  married, 
twice  in  his  native  county,  and  by  his  first  wife  had  two  sons:  Henry  and  Samuel.  After 
she  died  he  married  a  Miss  Staumbugh,  of  Berks  County,  Penn.,  and  to  this  union  were 
born  two  sons:  Jacob  and  John.   (All  the  children  were  born  in  Berks  County.)     In  1807 


BILVER  SPRING  TOWNSHIP. 


543 


Henry  Shoemaker  moved,  with  his  family,  to  Perry  County,  Penn    where  he  bought  two 
farmland  a  distillery      Be  was  a  verj  intelligent  man,  wefl  educated    for   thai   day.  and 


in  1825  he  married  Bliss  tiizaoein  Dower.ui    rciy  v  """"j  ■,""",  '',  '. ,',     , 

borrTsi'x  children:  Susanna  A ..  Anna  E.,  Sarah  J  .  William  B.,Jobn  M.  and  Elyina        He 
beean  farmins  in  Pen  ill  in  1858  moved  to  Cumberland  County,  where  he  had 

ftnd  remained  the  balanced  his  life.     Be  wasaLutheran  in  religious  be 
6  Be  died  al  Mechanicsburg  in   1880,  al  the  age  -f  v,  \,ni\  -even  years,     lie  wa-  a 
mttn  of  intelligence  and  probity.     John  M  .,  his  son,  was  born  in  Perry  County,  Penn.,  in 
l845   and   .nine   to   this  countj    with  Lis  father  when  twelve  years  of  age.     B< 

;i:t,il  Qe  waa  twentj  six  years  old,  when  he  wentWesl   and  taught   music,  for 
which  he  always  had  a  talent.     Be  was  agent  for  the  Bstej  organ,  in   which  he  was  suc- 
cessful      Vt  the  end  of  two  rear-  he  returned  to  Cumberland  County,  and  has  Bince  sold 
taughl  music  and  fanned.    In  1885  he  was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss  I.  Lillie, 
daughter  of  Barrison   and   Rachel  (Herman)   Bowman,  of  this  county.    Mr.  and  Mrs. 
i  r  ;,n   members  of  the  Lutheran  Church  at  New  Kingston,  in  which  he  has  I, ecu 
for  many  years.    In  1881  our  subject  boughl  the  old  homestead,  where  he  has  set- 
tled down  to  married  life.     His  brother  William  H.  owns  an  extensive   organ  fad  n   ;,i 

BarrisburG      The  family  comes  oi  I    took  and  are  people  oi  sterling  worth. 

CHARLES    SEREINER,    cabinet-maker   and   farmer.    P.   0.    Mechanicsburg.     His 
irrandfathi  r  Shreiner,  a  fanner  by  occupation,  was  horn  in  Lancaster  County;  married 

;    in.  intrin,  by  wl i  he  had  four  sons:    Adam.  Michael,  Jacob  and  John. 

John  was  born  in  Lancaster  County.  Penn.,  September  -in,  \ ,,.,-.  in  early 
cabinet-making,  and  be  married  Miss  Rosanna  Grosh,  ol  Lancaster  County, 
Wh0  bore  him  eighl  children:  Samuel.  Mary.  Sarah,  Elizabeth.  Margaret,  Catharine. 
Charles  and  Martin.  In  L828  John  Shreiner  moved,  with  his  family,  to  this  county,  set- 
tling in  Silver  Spring  Township.  He  lived  to  the  age  of  seventy  years,  and  was  respected 
bv  dl  for  his  sterling  worth.  Charles  Shreiner  was  born  in  Lancaster  County,  Iciin., 
Januan  19  1815  and  came  to  Cumberland  County  with  bis  parents.  He  too  learned  the 
cabinet-maker's  trade,  which  be  followed  for  several  years.  He  then  worked  at  hpuse- 
■.  mtv -two  years,  building  a  large  number  of  bams.  etc.  in  this  part  of  the 
villev  October:?!'  KSSl.'he  was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Elizabeth,  daughter  of 
.1, din  and  Elizabeth  I  l.on-sdorf  )  Bobb.  of  this  county.  This  union  has  been  blessed  with 
Bve  children,  all  now  married  Margaret  (wife  of  A.  C.  Miller,  of  Harnshurg  Pcnm), 
John  (married  to  Mi-s  Elonora  Morrett,  of  Bogestown,  have  live  children:  Charles  T.,  D. 
Morrett  Mary  E.,  Clara  M.  and  Clarence  M.),  Catharine  (wife  of  John  Beck,  of  Mechan- 
;.  i  (married  to  Minn  Porter,  of  Middlesex:  have  three  children:  Bessie  M., 
Edith  I'  and  lb. v  P  i  and  Martin  (married  to  Emma  LeReu,  of  Plamville.  N.  J.  I.  Mr. 
and  Mrs  Charles  Shreiner  arc  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church,  as  were  all  his  ancestors 
before  him  In  politics  Mr.  Shreiner  is  a  stanch  Democrat.  In  1872  he  purchased  bis 
present  n  jidence,  which  is  pleasantly  situated  near  Mechanicsburg.  He  is  a  man  of 
Btrfi  t  principles  and  bears  the  reputation  of  being  very  reliable  and  honorable.    _  _ 

HUIN    SIMMONS    fanner.    P,   o.    Hogestown.     The  Simmons  family  originated  in 
,    and  immigrated  to  this  country  at  an  early  date.     George  Simmons,  a  farmer 
and   tin- father  of  John,  was  born  near  the  line  of  Dauphin  and   Lebanon 
.    Penn      Be    married  Miss  Elizabeth  Eckert,  daughter  of  John  Eckert,  ol    the 
same  lo,  [\     hem  were  born  six  children:  Catherine,  John,  Jacob,  George,  Samuel 

About    1824,  the    father    moved   to  and  settled    ill  tin-  county,      lie  was  a 

political  opinionsja  hardworking  and  upright  man.    John  Simmons,  our 
m  this  county  by  his  parents  when  he  was  a  child.     Be  grew  up  on 

nioii  school  education.      In  1851  he  went   to  Illinois,  but  did 

.      ried  Miss  Sarah  Stine,  daughter  of  Frederick  and  Elizabeth 


no  i     ,  ,  m.ii  u    ,"ii_.       »»'-     ...........    ... ,-^---     -        - 

id, ,11,  Mi,,,,    of    Dauphin   County.      This  union  was   blessed  with    three    children:  J     H  ., 
John  P.  and  Sarah  E.    His  wife  died,  and  Mr.  Simmons  then  married  her  sister.   Miss  Man 

Btine,  ...  ,  him  two  children:  Samuel  and  Emma  C.     In  1856,  Mr.  Simmons 

moved  ti  :    ice  in  this  township.    In  political  opinions  he  is  a  Republican. 

,  ,i  ,,  i,  liable  and  uprighl  man. 

M'.KVIIAM    SOLLENBEHGEK.    tanner.  P.  (I.  Mechani.  sburg.      I  In-  founder  ot  the 

American  branch  of  this  family  cam,    from  German)  and  settled  in  Lancaster  County, 

Penn    al  an  early  day.    John  Bollenberger (grandfather of  our  subject  i  moved  tn  Curnber- 

in  t\    with  his  wife  and  two  sons,  in  1795,  and  bought  a  farm  in  Monroe  rownship. 

His  wife  was  a  Miss  Barbara  Tockey,  of  Lancaster  County.    She  bore  him  ten  children: 

John    Michael.  David.    Joseph,    Samuel,    Elizabeth,    Barbara,    Sarah,  Catharine   and  Abra 

I  all  married  and  were  the  parents  of  children.  Mr  and  Mrs.  John  Sollenber 
..,.,-  Were  members  of  the  German  Baptisl  Church,  lie  was  well  known  for  his  honesty, 
and  lived  to  the  patriarchal  age  of  eighty-four  year-.    John  Sollenberger,  bis  son,  was  born. 


544  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

in  Lancaster  County,  Penn.,  and  came  with  bis  father  to  Cumberland  County  when  but  an 
infant  In  1818,  he  married  Miss  Hettie  Scott,  of  Franklin  County,  daughter  of  William 
and  Hannah  (Howard)  Scott,  To  them  were  uorn  six  children:  Annie,  Catharine,  Abra- 
ham John,  Samuel  and  Joseph.  In  1856  Mr.  Sollenberger  bought  the  old  homestead  where 
he  lived  until  his  death.  He  died,  aged  eighty-four  years  and  ten  months.  He  was  a  man 
of  excellent  moral  character.  Abraham  Sollenberger,  our  subject,  was  born  on  the  old 
homestead,  which  has  now  seen  three  generations  at  one  time  under  its  roof.  In  18o0  he 
married  Miss  Anna  Seidle,  a  native  of  Lancaster  County,  Penn.  To  them  was  born  one 
son  who  died  when  but  five  years  of  age,  a  great  misfortune,  as  they  have  since  been 
childless.  They  adopted  a  friendless  little  child,  however,  whom  they  have  tenderly  cared 
for  and  educated,  and  who  is  now  ten  years  old  and  is  of  a  cheerful  disposition  and  ot 
more  than  ordinary  intelligence  They  have  named  her  Annie  May  Sollenberger.  In  18o5, 
Mr.  Sollenberger  purchased  his  present  homestead,  which  is  a  tine  farm  near  Meehan- 
icsburg.  He  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  church  of  his  ancestors  (German  Baptist) 
and  are  well  known  for  their  kindness  and  good  moral  principles. 

CAPT.  J.  S.  SPONSLER.  farmer,  P.  O.  New  Kingstown.  The  Sponslers,  of  Scotch- 
Irish  origin,  first  settled  in  New  Jersey.  The  great-grandfather  of  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  came  to  Cumberland  County  at  a  very  early  date,  and  his  son  George  was  born  in 
this  county  in  1785,  and  owned  a  farm  in  North  Middleton  Township,  on  the  Hams- 
burg  Pike,  two  miles  east  of  Carlisle.  George  Sponsler  married  Miss  Jane  Mortier  of  this 
county  by  whom  he  had  six  children:  George,  Jane,  Margaret,  Oliver,  Jesse  and  Alexan- 
der His  wife  died,  and  he  afterward  married  her  sister,  Mrs.  Margaret  Ruperd,  a  widow, 
and  to  this  union  were  born  three  children:  Sarah,  Frank  and  Alfred.  After  the  decease 
of  his  second  wife  Mr.  Sponsler  married  Miss  Susan  Harman,  of  this  county.  He  was  a 
Presbyterian  in  religious  belief;  in  politics  an  old-line  Whig.  He  was  a  man  of  strict 
business  habits,  and  bore  an  excellent  reputation.  His  son  George  (father  of  our  subject) 
was  born  on  the  old  homestead  in  1810;  married  Miss  Sarah  Coover,  of  Mahoning  County, 
Ohio  To  them  were  born  five  children:  Eliza.  William.  Joel  S.,  Harriet,  Manila.  When 
a  young  man  of  but  sixteen,  George  Sponsler  went  to  Ohio,  and  returned  to  Cumberland 
County  when  about  forty  years  of  age.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Evangelical  Church;  in 
politics  a  Republican.  Our  subject  was  born  in  Mahoning  County,  Ohio,  in  1837,  and 
came  with  his  parents  to  Cumberland  County  when  a  lad  of  ten  years.  He  received  a 
common  school  education,  and  in  1856  married  Miss  Annie,  daughter  of  John  and  Mary 
(Gruver)  Dull  of  Franklin  County,  Penn.  This  union  was  blessed  with  six  children: 
John  O.,  William  S.,  Annie  K.,  Robert  P..  George  F.  and  Julia  M.  In  September,  1862, 
Mr  Sponsler  enlisted  in  Company  F,  Seventeenth  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Cavalry.  He 
left  his  quiet  home,  wife  and  family  of  small  children  to  fight  the  battles  of  his  country, 
went  to  the  front,  and  served  with  honor  to  the  close  of  the  war.  His  regiment,  the 
famous  Seventeenth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  was  one  of  those  which  won  imperishable 
renown,  and  its  gallant  deeds  are  memorialized  on  every  field  of  battle,  from  the  Rappa- 
hanoek  to  the  James,  and  in  all  the  battles  (57)  in  which  this  regiment  engaged  Mr.  Spon- 
sler was  present,  among  which  Chancellorsville,  Gettysburg,  Winchester,  Appomattox  and 
the  Wilderness  were  the  most  prominent.  He  was  promoted  for  gallant  services  from  pri- 
vate to  first  sergeant,  second  lieutenant,  lieutenant  and  captain.  He  was  mustered  out 
June  20  1865.  After  the  close  of  the  war  Capt.  Sponsler  returned  to  Cumberland  County 
and  settled  down  to  the  peaceful  pursuit  of  farming  in  Silver  Spring  Township,  and  here 
has  remained  on  the  same  farm  twenty  years,  and  is  well  known  throughout  the  county 
as  an  honorable  and  industrious  man.     He  is  a  Republican  in  politics.  , 

SAMUEL  VOGLESONG.  farmer,  P.  O.  New  Kingstown.  The  grandfather  of  this 
gentleman  immigrated  to  this  country  and  settled  in  York  County.  John  Voglesong,  his 
son  (father  of  subject),  was  born  in  York  County  about  1783.  He  was  a  farmer  and  land- 
holder and  married  Miss  Mary  Lichty,  of  York  County.  To  them  were  born  ten  children: 
Henry,  John,  David.  Samuel,  Elizabeth,  Susan,  Benjamin,  Sarah.  Thomas  F.  and  Mary 
F  (twins  )  About  1809,  John  Voglesong  moved  to  this  county  and  settled  in  Silver  Spring 
Township.  He  died  in  1849  at  the  age  of  sixty-four  years.  Samuel  Voglesong  was  born 
in  1819  on  his  father's  farm  in  Silver  Spring  Township.  He  remained  at  home  after  the 
death  of  his  father  until  he  was  thirtv-two  years  of  age.  In  1851  he  married  Miss  Eliza- 
beth Hartman,  daughter  of  Christian  and  Annie  (Gontz)  Hartman.  Both  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Voo-lesong  are  devout  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church.  In  politics  he_  is  a  Democrat. 
Byindustry  and  thrift  he  has  accumulated  a  handsome  property,  consisting  of  279  acres 
of  land  in  this  township,  and  is  greatly  respected  by  all  who  know  him. 

HENRY  ZIMMERMAN,  farmer,  P.  O.  Mechanicsburg,  Cumberland  Co.,  Fenn. 
The  ancestors  of  this  gentleman  emigrated  from  Switzerland  on  account  of  religious  per- 
secution, and  were  glad  to  seek  an  asylum  in  the  land  of  William  Penn,  where  they  could 
worship  God  after  the  manner  of  their  own  conscience.  These  Mennonites  Penn  received 
kindly,  allowing  them  full  liberty, and  land  to  settle  on  in  Lancaster  County,  Penn.  Christian 
Zimmerman,  the  great-grandfather,  was  a  powerful  man  physically,  and  weighed  over 
400  pounds  His  son,  Peter,  married  a  Miss  Martin,  and  had  twelve  children:  Christian 
Henry    Peter,  Esther,  Mary,  Barbara,  Annie,  Martin,   Samuel,  Yontz,  Elizabeth   and 


801  ihamitox  TOWNSHIP. 


545 


Km«m«l     In  1813  Peter  Zimmerman  moved  to  Cumberland  County,  buyingJOO 

H  L    "r  A  let  To—hip.     He  died,  aged  eight,  Biz  years.    (Wan  Z™»nennan 

¥:i::;::;:  ,,,.''„ L. a ™** 

I    i!     r     i  ■■■  v   ^      To  Christian  Zimmerman  and  wife  were  born  nine  children:  Henry, 

,  „:!,  Solomon,  Elizabeth,  and  three  who  died  in  infancy.     Mr  andMrs 

Christian  Zimmerman  were  devout   members  of  the  Mennonite  Church.     He  died  a ,tiw 

aCofsevenU    wo  years,  respected  by  all  as  an  upright,  honorable   man.    Henry  Zim- 

•,?,,„    oursubj.  A.  was  born  in  Lower  Allen  Township,  this  county .  Icbruary.  17,  824 

SfdHved  with his  ather  until  he  was  thirty  years  old.     in  January,  185S,  hewas  married 

",     M  Ant aSter  of  William  and  Marj  (Houst)Tate,  and  to  this  union  was 

„  n    ,,    ;  n    Da ""  l        ul.„  remains  with  his  parents.     Mr.  Zimmerman  began  farming 

'    „i  XeMcCormicK  farms,  and  ren  ained  there  for  twentj  aye  years,  and  in  1879  he 

Keseni  nom.  stead    The  family  is  well  known  for  industry  and  honesty,  and 

need  no  higher  praise. 


CHAPTER  LVII. 
SOUTHAMPTON  TOWNSHIP. 


tttrtmi  WT  ilIEf   Sr    retired  farmer,  P.  O.   Shippensburg,  was  born  in  Lehigh 

Countv   Venn      Vprl   4  Vs,\'     on  of  Americus  and   Rachel  (Swfgert)  Allen  natives  of 

M  "  ciaiM-    ■  an  I  lYnnsVh  ania.  respectively.     His  grandfather,  Jeremiah  Allen  was  a 

,   he  artillery  duVing  the  Revolutionary  war.  and  received  a  slight  wound  at  the 

;.  1  t  B  ink  ■ ill  <  »ur  subjects  father,  who  was  a  farmer  and  came  to  Pennsylvania 
h  day  . -i  listed  in  the  war  of  1812,  but  was  never  called  into  active  service.  Je.r- 
em'l\  en  s^l.sccon.l  child  in  a  family  of  eight,  seven  of  whom  survive  Hia  elder 
ro  I  • S.UUU.-  is  a  farmer  in  Southampton  Township,  this  county,  and  is  three  years, 
1  r .  ■  mon  .-  and  three  davs  older  than  Jeremiah.  Our  subject  was  reared  on  the  farm. 
,  ,    attended  the  common  school  in  this  county.    He  chose  fanning  m  his  occupation, 

i         i     n    ww,  er  of    88  acres  of  well  improved  land,  on  which  he  rcs.des.      lie  was  hap- 

I  1-    ,.?      d         844,  to  Angeline,  daughter  of  Jacob  and  Lydia  (lane)  Myers,  who  were 

o  'e  "      h       scent,  former  of  whom,  a  farmer,  was  bom  and  reared   ...    this  county       To 

oursubjecl  and  wife  were  bom  eight  children,  seven  oi  who.,,  are  now  l.ving:  Eveline 
wife  Of  James  Waddle;   Americus    M  .  a  farmer,  and  married:   Isabella  M..  widow  of  ha 

,i,,,,,.ed.  Margaret  B.,  wife  of  Cyrus  Railing;  Jacob,  marr.ed  and  a  fanner; 
WnfiimL  married  and  manages  the  home  farm;  and  Jeremiah  F.,  married  and  a 
t r .  .  In  1-11  ..ur  subject  and  wife  united  with  the  Lutheran  Church  at  Newv.Ue 
Prnn      He  take-  an  active  interest  in  the  Sabbath-school,  and  has  been   supenntend- 

■  for  many  years  he  was  de. and    trustee  of  the  church.      He  has  served 

,-.  as  school  director,  fnhi  younga  days  he  took  an  active  interest  in  the  I.  O. 
0  i-  11,  was  a  member  of  the  old  fashioned  State  militia,  and  has  taken  partm  many 
naiades   sometimes  using  a  cornstalk  as  a  substitute  for  a  gun. 

P  WILLIAM  H.  ALLEN,  dealer  in  horses,  1'.  ...  Lee's  Cross  Roads,  was  born  near 
Carlisle  this  county,  February  14.  1834.  son  of  Americus  and  Rachel  (Swigert)  Allen; 
former  a  native  of  Massachusetts,  of  English  descent,  and  latter  a  native  of  Lancaster 

CountV    Penn     Of   Dutch  and  Welch   descent.      Americus  Allen,  who  was  a  farmer,  came 
,o  this  county  in  an  ea.lv  dav.      He  was  a  captain  in  the  war  of  WW,  bu    was  never  ca  led 
rice      Hisparents  were  Capt.  Jeremiah  and  Abigal  (Putnam)  Allen  (Gen. 
Putnam  of  Revolutionary  fame,  was  her  great  uncle),  former  oi  whom  was  a  captain  in 
the  Heavy  Artillery,  under  Gen   Putnam,  during  the  Revolutionary  war.     rhe  maternal 
-of  our  subject  were  generally  fanners,  and  his  paternal  ancestors  were  generally 
i  business  men.    Oursubject's  uncle,  Sam... 4  R.  Allen,  was  a  trader, 
;in,l  ae  i  merchandise  in  the  West  Indie-  islands;  he  was  a  native  of  Massa- 

chusetts and  at  the  time  of  his  death  was  a  wealthy  citizen  of  Boston.  William  H. 
Ulen  thesubjeel  of  this  Bketch,  the  youngesl  in  a  family,,!'  eight  children,  was  reared 
0„  the  farm  in  this  county,  and  aiiei.de, I  the  district  school,  also  the  academj  at  Ship- 
nensbure      Hehasn  farm  all  his  life,  but   bis  principal  business  h 

alalin  bought,  imported,  shipped  and  sold,  and  traded  in  horses  very 

extensively  for  a  number  of  years,  and  is  an  excellent  judge  of  such  stock.     William  H. 
•For  borough  of  Shippensbirg,  see  page  Hi. 


546  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

Allen  was  married,  October  14,  1859,  to  Anna,  daughter  of  "William  Clark,  and  of  Irish 
and  English  descent,  hei  grandfather,  James  Clark,  was  a  wealthy  pioneer  farmer  of 
this  county,  owning  several  hundred  acres  of  land  at  the  time  of  his  death.  To  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Allen  have  been  born  nine  children:  Americus  R.,  Abigal  P.  (wife  of  James  Lamond), 
William  C,  Albert  E.,  Emma  C,  Daniel  L.,  Annie  A.,  Nellie  and  J.  K.  F.  Mr.  Allen  is 
a  Democrat  in  politics;  has  been  school  director  of  his  district. 

G.  EDGAR  BEATTIE,  farmer  and  stock-raiser,  P.  O.  Oakville.  was  born  in  New- 
ton Township,  this  county,  January  17,  1852,  son  of  Samuel  and  Lucinda  (Allen)  Beattie, 
natives  of  this  county  and  of  Scotch-Irish  descent.  Our  subject's  grandfather,  James 
Beattie,  came  from  Ireland  in  an  early  day  and  settled  on  a  farm. 

HON.  JAMES  CHESTNUT,  farmer,  P.  O.  Cleversburg,  was  born  in  Southampton 
Township,  this  county,  September  30.  1818,  son  of  John  and  Charity  (Kelley)  Chestnut, 
natives  of  Pennsylvania,  and  of  Scotch-Irish  and  English  descent.  John  Chestnut  came 
from  Philadelphia,  Penn.,  to  this  county,  in  1766  and  settled  on  a  farm  in  what  is  now 
Southampton  Township,  and  here  passed  the  remainder  of  his  days.  Hon.  James  Chest- 
nut, the  youngest  in  a  family  of  eight  children,  was  reared  on  the  farm,  attended  the  com- 
mon school,  and  afterward  the  Washington  Medical  College,  at  Baltimore,  Md.  He  prac- 
ticed medicine  for  two  years  in  this  county,  but,  on  account  of  his  business  relations,  he 
gave  up  his  profession  and  devoted  most  of  his  time  to  farming  and  other  business.  He 
is  well  known  as  "Col."  Chestnut,  having  been  elected  colonel  of  militia,  when  quite  a 
young  man,  and  served  as  such  for  six  years.  He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  In  pol- 
itics he  is  a  Democrat;  has  served  as  school  director  in  his  district,  and  justice  of  the 
peace  in  his  township,  and  has  represented  this  district  (comprising  Cumberland  and 
Adams  Counties)  in  the  State  Senate  for  two  terms,  from  1876  to  1880.  In  1846,  our  sub- 
ject married  Anna  Eliza,  daughter  of  George  Maxwell,  and  a  native  of  this  county,  of 
Scotch-Irish  descent.  Of  nine  children  born  to  our  subject  and  wife  eight  are  now  living 
— two  boys  and  six  girls. 

GEORGE  CLEVER,  farmer,  P.  O.  Cleversburg,  was  born  in  this  county  January  4, 
1819.  son  of  Conrad  and  Catherine  (Walters)  Clever,  natives  of  Lancaster  County,  Penn., 
of  German  descent.  Conrad  Clever  was  brought  to  this  county  when  he  was  six  years  of 
age,  and  was  raised  here.  He  chose  farming  and  lumbering  as  his  occupation,  and  was 
very  successful.  He  died  in  1861,  at  the  advanced  age  of  eighty-one  years.  He  had  filled 
most  of  the  town  offices.  He  was  a  man  of  large  stature  and  noted  for  his  great  strength, 
a  man  of  unblemished  character.  Of  his  four  sons  George  is  the  youngest.  Our  subject 
was  brought  up  on  the  farm;  has  made  farming  and  lumbering  the  principal  business  of 
his  life,  and  has  also  engaged  largely  in  the  manufacture  of  iron  and  in  shipping  iron  ore. 
In  1850  George  Clever  laid  out  the  town  of  Cleversburg,  this  county,  and  in  the  same  year 
he  embarked  in  mercantile  trade,  in  connection  with  his  other  business.  He  now  owns 
several  stores  in  different  parts  of  Pennsylvania,  and  also  several  farms,  as  well  as  real 
estate  in  Cleversburg  and  other  places.  Mr.  Clever  was  married,  in  1845,  to  Miss  Isabella 
Kelso,  a  sister  of  Maj.  Kelso,  of  Shippensburg,  Penn.,  and  a  daughter  of  Samuel  and 
Catherine  (Stough)  Kelso.who  were  of  Scotch-Irish  descent.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cleverhave 
been  born  eight  children,  of  which  four  are  living;  Conrad,  a  minister  of  the  Reformed 
Church,  in  Baltimore,  Md.;  Samuel  K..  residing  at  home;  George  G.,  married  and  a  resi- 
dent of  Southampton  Township,  Penn.;  and  Jennie  S.,  residing  at  home.  Our  subject  and 
wife  are  members  of  the  Reformed  Church,  Shippensburg,  in  which  he  has  been  deacon 
and  trustee  for  many  years.  In  politics  he-is  a  Republican,  but  not  a  politician.  He  has 
served  one  term  as  jurv  commissioner. 

GEORGE  H.  CLEVER,  retired  farmer.P.  O.  Cleversburg.was  born  in  this  county  on 
the  farm  where  he  now  resides. son  of  George  and  Elizabeth  (Hippenstell)  Clever, natives  of 
Southampton  Township,  this  county,  of  German  descent,  former  a  farmer.  Our  subject 
now  owns  the  farms  where  his  parents  were  born.  Our  subject's  father  was  born  in  1790, 
and  his  mother  in  1800.  His  grandfather,  Barnhart  Clever,  was  an  early  pioneer  farmer 
of  this  county,  and  the  deed  given  him  by  William  Penn,  in  1788,  is  now  held  by  George 
H.  Clever.  At  the  time  this  deed  was  made  out  Southampton  Township  was  called  Hope- 
well Township.  Our  subject,  the  fourth  child  and  only  son  in  a  family  of  six  children, 
has  fi  illowed  farming  as  an  occupation,  and  now  owns  621  acres  of  land.  He  was  married, 
in  1849,  to  Sarah,  daughter  of  Adam  Warner,  who  was  a  farmer  and  of  German  descent, 
a  native  of  Pennsylvania.  The  children  of  this  marriage  are  Elizabeth,  wife  of  George 
Miller;  Cyrus,  a  farmer  in  Franklin  County,  Penn.;  Emily,  wife  of  William  B.  Bowers; 
Susan,  wi'fe  of  John  C.  Raybuck  (he  is  a  farmer  in  Franklin  County,  Penn.);  Henry  E., 
married  and  a  farmer,  and  Samuel  A.,  attending  school.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Clever  are  mem- 
bers of  the  United  Brethren  Church,  of  which  church  he  has  been  class-leader  and  trustee 
and  has  been  superintendent  of  the  Sabbath-school.  He  has  also  been  an  exhorier  for 
several  years.  Mr.  Clever  is  an  earnest  advocate  of  the  cause  of  Christ,  and  has  done 
much  good.  He  votes  the  Democratic  ticket,  and  has  served  his  township  as  justice  of 
the  peace  for  fifteen  years. 

JOSEPH  CLEVER,  farmer,  P.  O.  Lee's  Cross  Roads,  was  born  in  Shippensburg  in 
October,   1835,  son  of  Henry  and  Elizabeth  (Buehman)   Clever,  natives  of  Southampton 


SOUTHAMPTON    TOWNSHIP.  '''' 

-,,.!.-  ^,-;|n.ii:.<l..r   l,  an  I, t     u  ;  ;,(\,Uiml  _„,  ,„  maturity,  received  U 

1  ,  "m  ded  oTh'  presenl  tarn,  since  he  was  two  years  of  age,  and  is  now  the  owne 
'  ,s.'.  ,;,.  ,  i,,„l  Mr  Clever  was  married,  in  1859,  to  Georgianna,  daughter  oi  James 
,,  '  ri'  ,  ,  ■  1  I  . cl  Waddle;  the  former  was  a  farmer  by  occupation,  and  both  ol  [rish 
i  ■  i  I  •  .  M rs  Clever  have  eighl  children:  Clara  E.,  John  1)  .  Martha  C.  Julia 
v  I  m  PrankHnB  Charles  C.  and  Nellie  M.  Our  subjecl  and  wife  are  members 
of 'ttaRetenUd  cSuTch    'to  politics  he  is  a  Democrat.    Be  has  served  nine  consecutive 

'"'" mnNroFKFY  teSS  P'a'shippensburg,  was  born  in  Southampton  Township 
this  county  February rM830.  son  of  James  and  tfary' (Highlands)  Coffey;  former  a  native 

1'-    «  -  <*K  I''""-  "f  "'i-h  descent'  'il,,"r  uf  S£  /Tih ,:  wa^ofisis1  Hewasa 
fames  Coffei    a  farmer  by  occupation,  served  as  a  soldier  in  the  war  oi  ima.    n    wa   a 

He™married    n  1854,  to  Elizabeth   Rank,  daughter  oi  Samuel  K ank  oi  Germ  n  de- 

v,  .1   Mr<.  Coffey  have  Ave  children:  ElYa,  wife  ol  George  A.  Reese;  J.  B.  and 

\\    J    ,",.  ri.  -rs  carrying  on  a  clothing  store  in  Shippensburg,  this  county -i  Delhv C.  and 

Charies     Mi  Coffey  is  a  Democrat  in  politics;  is  the  present  assessor  of  Southampton 

T0T%,aCREste 

ton  Town-hi  ,!  '.hu'.tln.y.  February  22,  1&  son  of  John  B.  and  BHza  bHh  ,     M-peng* 

rn,  j,.,.   natives   of  this  county  and  o    German  descent.     John  H.  Uessh  r  was  a  iiiacs. 

, i      i  0   r      '  out  in   at,-.-  life  followed  farming,  in  which  latter  occupation^  met  with 

maVke&Ss  and  owned,  al  the  time  of  his  death,  whch occurred  m  1885,  nearly 800 

acres  oi  valuable  land  in  Southampton  Township,  this  county  (his  widow  still  res        on 

I    hefwms)      He  was  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church,  and  a  captain  lntooM- 

mmSlTPcnnsylvania.     His  family  consisted  of !kt« *^  ^S^^SS^ 

AV    beine  tin-   fourth      Our  Mihject   was  reared  on  the  farm,  and  attended  me  common 

S^ooiinSout      n     imTownsh  p,  this  county,  and  hw  made  agnrullure  thepnna^bon- 

,'       1   -was  married!  in  1869,  to  Henrietta,  daughter  oi  Isaac  Hannah,  and 

:  "''of  Canada  ol  English  descent.     Mr  and  M  is  r-lo  have  five  children      hares 

!.,  John  11.,  Clarence  (.'..  Myrtle  and  an  infant  not  yet  named.     In  polities  Mi.  Cressiei 

to  '  De80CR<  »FT  retired  merchant.  P.  O.  Lee's  Cross  Roads,  was  horn  in  Southampton 
Township  tWsco\in?y  October  7.  1818.  son  of  George  and  Susan  Croft,  natives  oi  Penn- 
'  v  ni  'and  „f  Kan  descent!  the  latter  of  whom  (whose  maiden  «™»'f»S^ 
RuDlvl   was  the   widow  of  Dr.   Kahnestock,  of  Carlisle,  Penn     at  the  time  Other  mar 

'  .  ,-i  1  Mr  Croft  George  Croft  was  a  saddler  by  trade,  but  in  later  life  he ifcfl- 
Ui        occupation  of  farmir      Be  was  three  times  married,  and  reared  nine  children, 

8  -'"     0«  subject  was  reared  on  the  farm  and  "««Xw»ri   SE& 

,,,.  ,,..  accepted  a  clerkship  n  the  iron  works  an  at  _ tri « ad  taugh 
,.,l  for  several  terms;  then  obtained  a  position,  as  clerk  in  a  store  i  ls.\  am  i  was  em 
.  ,   , .,  :II  ,  .      until  L852,  when  he  embarked  in  business  for  himself,  in 'Leesburg, 

thiscounty  where  he  kept  a  general  store  until  1857.  when  he  was  elected  _c  erk  of  he 
counTcourte  and  served  in  thai  capacity  until  1861  and  was  then  appoin te  1,  top uty 
deri  a  position  he  filled  for  ftve  years.  Returning  to  Leesburg  in  1866,  he  i  arm  Jmuj 
general  "tore  until  L885,  when  b  id  retired  iron,  active  tanm    Mr  Croft  is 

|  highly  respected  Citizen  and  has  many  warn,  friends.      Be  was  , named,  in  1841,        •  ^ 

daughter  of  Geoi  md  of  [rish  descent    ,  Mr.  and  Mrs. JJroft  aw  members  ot 

the  P  "      Be  is  a  Democrat  in  politics,  and  has  been  s. ■  ool  1.      <  <  > 

HIRAM   BIGHLAND8,  grain  and  coal  deafer,  and  ticket  agent  for  the .Harnslburg  a 

P .    Railroad  Company, at  Lee's  Cross  Roads  was  born  in  Southampton  rownah.p 

thiscounty.  November  [2,  1850,  son  of  William  and  Maria  (Clever)  Highlands  natives  of 

this  Count*  and   0  '««*  of  whom  was   a  n        I    ^IS  Me    ana 

died  in  188«    01  their  family  of  nine  <  \ i  whom  arestill  living,  Hi.  mis  he 

eldest,  our  subject  was  rear,,!  on  the  farm,  attended  the  common  school  a^d  followed 
^cultural  pur-uii-  until  1884.  Be  is  own,.,-  of  a  well  improved  farm  oi  uxQ  -four  acrei s 
Mr.  H^hlanls embarked  in  his  present  business  inl884,  and  U  an  energetic  •"««*»"»■£ 
nesfi  man      He  was  married,  in  1878,  to  Cora  Foreman,  daughter  ol  Jacob  Foreman,  a 

nvesons  now  living:  William.  Milton.  Joseph,  Calvin  and  Jacob.    Mi  -    I  lig  ■  amis  is  a 
mVmh'r  of  the  Evangelical  Association,    in  polities  Mr.  Highlands  is  a  Republican. 


548  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

WILLIAM  D.  McCUNE,  retired  farmer,  P.  O.  Middle  Spring,  was  born  in  South- 
ampton Township,  Cumberland  Co.,  Penn.,  December  19,  1823,  son  of  John  and  Sarah  A. 
(Duncan)  McCune,  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  of  Scotch-Irish  descent.  John  McCune  was 
born  on  the  farm  where  his  son  William  D.  now  resides,  which  farm  was  purchased  in  an 
early  day  by  John  McCune's  father.  John  McCune.  our  subject's  father,  was  a  soldier  in 
the  war  of  1812,  and  was  a  farmer  of  Southampton  Township,  this  county.  William  D. 
McCune,  the  eldest  in  a  family  of  nine  children,  was  reared  on  the  farm,  received  a 
common  school  education,  and  has  made  farming  his  business.  He  is  owner  of  200  acres 
of  land.  In  politics  he  is  a  Republican.  He  is  a  memberof  the  Presbyterian  Church,  and 
has  been  elder  and  trustee  and  for  many  years  a  teacher  in  the  Sabbath-school. 

SAMUEL  TAYLOR,  retired  fanner,' P.  O.,  Lee's  Cross  Roads,  was  born  in  Franklin 
County,  Penn..  October  15,  1815,  son  of  John  and  Mary  (French)  Taylor,  former  of  whom 
was  born  in  Adams  County,  Penn.  His  grandfather,  John  Taylor,  a  native  of  northern 
Ireland,  immigrated  to  Pennsylvania  and  was  the  first  settler  in  Southampton  Township, 
he  served  in  the  war  of  the  Revolution.  Our  subject's  father  was  a  cabinet-maker  by 
trade,  but  his  later  years  were  passed  in  farming.  He  reared  nine  sons  and  two  daughters, 
all  now  living  except  two.  Samuel  Taylor  learned  the  wagon-maker's  trade,  in  Franklin 
County,  Penn.,  and  followed  it  for  forty-five  years.  In  1835  he  was  married,  and  by  this 
marriage  had  five  children;  John  (deceased)  was  a  practicing  attorney  in  Pittsburgh, 
Penn.;  Philip  I.,  married  and  a  farmer;  Ringold,  married  (he  is  a  carpenter  and  resides  in 
Columbus,  Ohio);  Francis  A.,  a  wagon-maker  by  trade,  is  married;  and  George  E.,  a  wagon- 
maker.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Taylor  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  of  the  Sab- 
bath-school of  which  he  has  been  superintendent,  and  has  been  class-leader  in  the  church 
for  twenty-two  years.  He  is  a  Republican  in  politics;  has  served  six  years  as  school 
director.  Mr.  Taylor  is  a  kind-hearted  gentlemen,  always  ready  to  assist  those  who  are  in 
sickness. 

WHERRY.  The  origin  of  this  family  in  America  was  Samuel  Wherry,  who  emi- 
grated from  County  Antrim,  Ireland,  in  April,  17(32;  settled  in  what  is  now  kuown  as 
Hopewell  Township,  Cumberland  Count}',  Penn.,  and  married  Elizabeth  Ewing  in  1776. 
Both  were  Scotch-Irish.  Samuel  Wherry  died  in  1825,  and  Elizabeth  (Ewing)  Wherry 
died  in  1779.  leaving  one  child,  John  Wherry,  who  was  born  July  2,  1777,  married  Mar- 
garet Mitchell  in  1801,  and  died  April  8.  1827.  Margaret  (Mitchell)"  Wherry,  his  wife,  died 
June  23,  1837.  These  last-named  left  offspring:  Samuel,  born  July  22.  1804;  John  Mitch- 
ell, February  10,  1806;  Isabella  Mary,  April  7,  1808;  William,  February  11,  1810.  and 
Elizabeth  Wherry.  July  22,  1813. 

HON.  SAMUEL  WHERRY  was  the  first  child  of  John  Wherry  and  Margaret 
(Mitchell)  Wherry,  born  July  22,  1804;  married  Margaret  McCune  February  9,  1832,  and 
died  April  2,  1801.  Margaret  (McCune)  Wherry  died  May  23,  1877.  Mr.  Wherry  was  a 
manof  marked  nobility.  His  distinguishing  qualities  were  purity,  truthfulness,  unaffected 
simplicity,  clearness  of  intellect  with  unbiased  judgment,  decision  of  character  beneath 
the  mildest  manner,  modesty  scarcely  to  be  paralledj  charity  that  knew  no  bounds  but 
prudence,  a  lifetime  integrity  without  one  stain.  Christianity,  not  of  sentiment  merely,  but 
of  the  highest  practical  type,  and  conscientiousness  in  the  discharge  of  duty  that  often 
brought  him  the  deepest  pain  by  exposing  him  to  the  censure  of  men  who  were  not  worthy 
to  loose  the  latchet  of  his  shoes.  He  was  a  notable  farmer.  He  took  a  deep  interest  in 
education,  public  and  private.  All  his  children  received  a  thorough  seminaiy  and  collegi- 
ate education.  He  filled  a  large  space  in  his  church  (Presbyterian).  In  1853  he  was 
elected  to  a  three-year  term  in  the  Senate  of  the  State,  and  filled  the  office  with  credit  to 
the  district  and  honor  to  himself.  In  1860  Gov.  Packer  appointed  him  to  the  bench  at 
Carlisle,  to  fill  a  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  Judge  Woodburn.  While  yet  holding 
that  commission  he  died,  in  his  fifty-sixth  year,  leaving  children:  Eleanor  S.,  Margaret  J., 
Rev.  John,  Samuel  M.,  Alexander  S.,  Robert  S.  and  William  R.  Wherry. 

HON.  S.  M.  WHERRY,  the  fourth  child  of  Hon.  Samuel  Wherry,  born  January  5, 
1839,  graduated  from  Princeton  June,  1860;  completed  the  usual  course  of  legal  studies  in 
the  office  of  Judge  Watts,  Carlisle;  relinquished  his  chosen  profession  from  necessities 
growing  out  of  his  father's  death;  became  a  practical  farmer  April  1.  1863;  married  Esther 
A.  Stuart,  daughter  of  Hon.  Hugh  Stuart,  of  Carlisle,  January  27,  1864,  and  still  resides 
at  the  homestead.  S.  M.  Wherry  is  best  known  as  a  progressive  and  successful  farmer, 
as  the  instigator  and  promoter  of  many  educational  schemes,  as  the  quiet  benefactor  of 
many  who  came  to  him  in  their  distress,  as  the  unseen  helper  of  youths  of  both  sexes, 
who,  without  money  or  friends,  were  also  without  hope  of  a  fair  start  in  life.  He  was 
elected  to  the  Constitutional  Convention  of  1872-73,  from  the  district  of  Cumberland  and 
Franklin  Counties,  served  through  the  entire  term  of  that  distinguished  body,  and  has  left 
his  record  in  its  printed  debates. 

REV.  SAMUEL  S.  WYLIE,  pastor  of  Middle  Spring  Presbyterian  Church,  was  born 
in  Washington  County,  Penn.,  December  2,  1844,  son  of  David  and  Harriet  B.  (Simison) 
Wylie,  of  Scotch-Irish  descent,  latter  a  native  of  Ohio.  David  Wylie,  a  native  of  Penn- 
sylvania, was  a  Government  officer  in  early  life,  and  in  later  life  became  a  farmer;  their 
family  consisted  of  six  children.  Samuel  S.  being  the  fifth.    Our  subject  was  reared  on  the 


SOUTH    MIDDLETON  TOWNSHIP.  5^9 

,"""1  Washington  and  ■•',"!  -'  '/,,,,    ,„  1Si;;   and  graduatedal  thai  institution  in 

:::; ;:::;:,';   ,J: ','«,-,,!,,  year.  <...  m  „.„„■„  ,„  \„ri.„  1 

anlaccepTe!  al   Middle  Spring,  this  county  "Z£l££££*. 

fofthepasl  four.,,',  yea,  Re.  Bamuel  8  Uyl.e  is  ■  £otomM  hoi  .  .  I.  n  accom 
pUshed  gentleman,  and  iris  efforts  in  bn  profession  bavebeen  IL  '^  "  '  ,  ^  v 
..,.  i„  inning  bouIs  to  his  Master  andgathermg  in  his  church  and  Sabbath  scho  .  .  ny 
,,iiv  duals  :,„Tl  families.  Be  has  mitten. a  very  authentic  ^story  of  1,.  -  , 
S  al  Middle  Spring,  this  county.  This  church  was  one  of  the  ™"5J*Jjyn^ 
nnmherland  Valley  Our  subject  was  married,  November  24,  1874.  to  Miss  Ji an  u  klc 
C„ne  dauVhter  of  John  McCune,  and  of  Scotch-Irish  descent.  Chey  have  been  blessed 
«i.i,  thre'  'h.l'hvn:  Two  daughters,  Barriel  and  Eva  Theressa,  and  one  son,  Samuel  D. 
Mrs.  \\  J  lie  is  a  member  of  the  Presbj  terian  Church. 


CHAPTER  LVIII. 

SOUTH    MIDDLETON    TOWNSHIP    AND     BOROUGH     OF 
MOUNT  HOLLY  SPRINGS. 

( ■    W    VIIL  (deceased)  was  born  in  Franklin  County,  Penn.,  February  22   1811,  son  of 

sive  bracts  of  land  and   at  his  death,  in  1885,  was  owner  ot  prosperous  mines,  iron  tur 

a  valuable  town  property  and  10,000  acres  of  land.    Mr.  Ahl  was  a  man  of  more 

,,,,',',  t.rvahili.v.     lew  elected  presidenl  of  the  Barrisburg  &  Potomac   Rail- 

,.:•         I  ■  was  married,   in   1N39.  to  Catharine,  daughter  of  James  Williams,  and 

of  English  oriSn   and  to  Sis  union   were  born  six  children,   four  of  whom  are  living 

Mr  .   Vhl       DeSocrafin  politics,  was  an  enthusiastic  politician  but  ^ȪLȣP* 

Sttce     The  responsibility  of  conductinghis  large  property  was  confided  to  his  son  1 1  onus 

W..  five  vears  l!,f„r,  Mr.  Aid's  death,  and  he  succeeded  to  the  presi.  ency     '  J  ;»,     , 

burg   A  Railroad.       Thomas    W.    Ahl.    was  born  11   1848,_in   Ch Ji        o •  tu<« 

,„nniv   and  is  the  next  to  the  eldest  in  his  father's  family:  he  received  his  education  in 

Snso.     C.l    ''e   ('a. i-le    Whence   he    graduated   in    1867;  then  embarked    in   thetron- 

maiudaeuirin"  business  a,  Boiling  Springs^  and   has  proved  himself   to  be  a  thorough  buSl- 

—fflSwS  BISHOP!  £Z2?Z*L****.  P.  O.  Carlisle,  was  born  in  Monroe 
TowMhiathis  county,  October  5.1831,  son  of  Jacob  and  Margaret  (Swisher)  Bishop, 
whow.  i  -  of  this  county  and  of  German  descent.  (Jacob  Bishop  was      tador 

lll(  bul  iD  latei  years  a  fanner  i  They  reared  a  family  of  eight  eh.  1  en- . 
boys  and  four  girls.  Our  subject,  the  third  born  in  the  fam.lv.  was  reared  on  tl  .  .  . 
.uiring  a  common  school  education  in  his  native  county  lie  chose  ^""^  ^  ^ 
,,„,,„,.  has  met  with  more  than  average  auccess,  and  is [the ^owner _of '.* ^JF^Zg 
farm  on  which  in-  now  resides.  Be  was  married,  October  18, 1855,  to  Elizabetn  a.,aaugn 
I!  "If  Jam« and  Sarah  Armstrong,  natives  of  Pennsylvania  and  of  English  and  German 
oriein      Tie-  marriage  of    Mr.   and  Mrs.  Bishop  was  blessed  with  two  children,  both  M 

whSmarenov,  d 1    Margaret  A.,  wife  of  Daniel  B   Boernei ■(had one  gjWdeoto 

ceased)  and  Sarah  Jan  I   two  years  »^d  *en  inonths     M .r  a nd  Mrs. 

,.,,.„,,  .    i  aurcn  of  God,  and  they  are  numbered  among  the  best  citizens 

!.  ;  i  politicsMr.  Bishop  is  a  Democrat.     He  has  served las  school  director. 

",'  ,,.',.,..;,■„  hIli.    tanner.   Boiling  Springs,  was  born  at  Boiling  Springs  Cum- 
berland  Co     1'enn      Lpril  29,   1836,  the  eldesl   son    in  the    Eamily  ol    nve   children  oi 

Phuto  and  Clarissa  (Gitt    Brechbill.    The  former,  a  native  of  Lebai lountj    Penn., 

was  of  German  Origin,  and  the  latter,  bom  in  Adams  County.  Penn.,  was  of  English  de- 


550  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

scent.  Philip  Brechbill,  who  spent  most  of  his  life  in  Cumberland  County,  was  a  farmer 
by  occupation  and  one  of  the  first  residents  of  what  is  now  known  as  the  village  of  Boil- 
ing Springs.  Our  subject  was  reared  on  the  farm  and  received  a  good  English  education. 
In  early  life  he  clerked  in  a  dry  goods  store,  and  also  farmed  for  a  time  in  South  Middle- 
ton  Township;  in  later  years  he  engaged  in  farming  and  milling,  and  was  at  one  time  a 
merchant.  Mr.  Brechbill  has  been  financially  successful,  and  at  the  present  time  is  owner 
of  a  flouring-mill  in  South  Middleton  Township  and  of  a  farm  and  considerable  real 
estate  in  Boiling  Springs,  where  he  still  resides.  He  was  united  in  marriage,  in  1866.  with 
Martha  J.,  daughter  of  Joseph  and  Mary  Brandt,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania  and  of  German 
and  Irish  origin.  They  have  two  children:  Philip,  in  school,  and  Mary  Emily  Brandt, 
attending  the  female  seminary  at  Hagerstown,  Md.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Brechbill  are  consistent 
members  of  the  Lutheran  Church,  in  which  he  lias  been  elder  and  Sabbatb-school  super- 
intendent since  its  organization,  in  1873,  and  was  one  of  the  prime  movers  in  organizing 
the  society,  taking  an  active  interest  in  the  church  at  Boiling  Springs.  He  is  a  Republican 
in  politics.  He  is  of  a  literary  turn  of  mind,  and  supplies  himself  and  family  with  the  best 
literature  of  the  day. 

ELI  BUSHMAN',  farmer  and  stock-raiser,  P.  O.  Carlisle,  was  born  in  Carroll  County, 
Md.,  January  19,  1836,  son  of  Henry  and  Mary  (Starr)  Bushman,  natives  of  Adams  County, 
Penn.,  and  Maryland,  respectively,  and  of  English  origin.  Henry  Bushman,  who  is  a 
farmer,  resides  on  a  farm,  near  Carlisle,  and  is  eighty-five  years  old.  He  reared  two  chil- 
dren: Eli  and  Louisa,  wife  of  Mr.  Lepperd.  Our  subject  received  his  education  in  the 
common  school,  and  early  in  life  learned  the  blacksmith's  trade,  at  which  he  worked, 
however,  but  two  years;  since  when  he  has  devoted  himself  to  agriculture,  and  now  owns 
a  farm  of  over  103  acres,  on  which  he  resides.  Eli  Bushman  was  married,  in  1847.  to  Eliza 
Jane  Adams,  of  Irish  origin,  and  this  union  has  been  blessed  with  ten  children,  all  of  whom 
are  living:  Theodore  (a  farmer,  is  married),  Harry,  Rebecca,  John  Scott,  Sarah  Ann, 
George,  Mary,  Kate,  Ida  and  Calvin.  Mrs.  Bushman  is  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church. 
In  politics  Mr.  Bushman  is  a  Republican. 

G.  A.  BUSHMAN,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  P.  O.  Carlisle,  was  born  in  South  Mid- 
dleton Township,  this  county,  January  31,  1860,  son  of  Eli  and  Sarah  (Stevick)  Bushman, 
natives  of  Pennsylvania  and  of  German  origin.  Eli  Bushman,  who  was  a  farmer,  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Lutheran  Church,  died  in  1880.  Of  the  family  of  eight  children  born  to  this 
•couple  G.  A.  is  the  fifth.  Our  subject  was  reared  on  the  farm,  receiving  a  common  school 
education,  and  wisely  chose  the  occupation  of  his  father,  that  of  agricultural  pursuits, 
though  he  spent  two  years  working  on  the  railroad,  with  headquarters  at  Grand  Rapids, 
Mich.  He  was  married,  in  1884,  to  Gertrude,  daughter  of  John  Park,  of  German  descent. 
Mrs.  Bushman  is  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church.  Our  subject  is  owner  of  107  acres  of 
land,  on  which  he  resides;  his  mother,  who  is  still  living  in  Carlisle,  is  also  a  member  of 
the  Lutheran  Church. 

ISAAC  A.  CHRONISTER,  farmer  and  stock-grower.  P.  O.  Uriah,  was  born  in 
Adams  County,  Penn.,  but  grew  to  manhood  in  York  County,  same  State,  and  there  ac- 
quired his  education  in  the  common  schools.  His  pferents.  Levi  and  Catharine  (Asper) 
Chronister,  were  natives  of  Pennsylvania  and  of  German  origin;  the  former  a  blacksmith 
in  early  life,  and  in  later  years  a  farmer.  Isaac  A.  Chronister,  the  third  in  a  family  of 
seven  children,  learned  the  carpenter's  trade,  at  which  he  worked  several  years,  but  now 
devotes  his  time  to  agriculture.  He  owns  the  farm  on  which  he  resides  in  this  township. 
He  was  united  in  marriage,  in  187.5,  with  Leah,  daughter  of  Joel  Griest,  a  farmer  and  mil- 
ler by  occupation,  and  of  English  origin.  To  Mr.  aud  Mrs.  Chronister  have  been  born 
three  children:  Charles.  Delia  and  George  Levi.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Chronister  are  members  of 
the  Lutheran  Church. 

JAMES  COYLE.  farmer,  P.  O.  Carlisle,  was  born  in  South  Middleton  Township,  this 
county,  July  13,  1833,  son  of  Joseph  and  Calista  (daughter  of  Thomas  Thompson)  Coyle, 
of  English  and  Irish  origin,  and  who  were  the  parents  of  three  children.  Joseph  Coyle,  a 
farmer,  an  early  settler  of  Cumberland  County,  died  in  1833.  James,  the  eldest  of  the 
children,  was  reared  among  strangers,  in  South  Middleton  Township,  this  county,  and  here 
received  a  common  school  education.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  he  commenced  to  learn 
carpentering,  and  soon  became  a  thorough  mechanic;  he  has  followed  the  busi- 
ness of  carpenter  and  contractor  for  forty-five  years,  building  bridges,  houses  and 
barns,  and  it  is  safe  to  say  that  he  has  erected  more  houses  than  any  other  man  in  this 
county.  He  has  now  retired  from  active  labor  and  resides  on  a  fine  farm  of  100  acres. 
He  is  a  self-made  man  in  every  sense  of  the  word,  having  acquired,  not  only  his  worldly 
possessions  by  his  own  exertions,  but  his  education.  He  states  he  has  never  drank  any 
intoxicating  liquors  nor  used  tobacco  in  any  form.  He  is  a  remarkably  well  preserved  man 
for  his  age.  Our  subject  was  married,  in  1846,  to  Mary  Ann.  daughter  of  Benjamin  and 
Rebecca  (Dixon)  Johnson,  natives  of  Pennsylvania  and  of  English  descent.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Coyle  have  five  children  living:  Jennie  A..  William  G.  (a  contractor  and  builder).  Rebec- 
ca (wife  of  Christian  Leib),  James  A.  and  Charles  T.  The  sons  are  all  carpenters  and 
farmers,  and  all  the  children  have  been  given  the  benefits  of  good  schools.  Mr.  Coyle 
and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church  in  Carlisle,  in  which  he  takes 


SOUTH    MIDDLETOH  TOWNSHIP.  5t)1 

KdtaSor  of  the  poor  iu  this  countj      He  is  a  member  of 

"'  lhr  !:"V.'vV^,:M    rMTnMrSprfn^wSboru  in  Cumberland   County,  ,>,„,,. 
•'    (     '   v  i      .'  ;    >    ,,,  1  ci.ir,  in.'    ShiDDl  Davis,  also  native-  ..I  this  county. 

:,,,-  graduating  tough  school  three  s(  wons.  graduated  (hence 

practice.    He  was  unftod  b l  marriage,  in  J«g*^™&f^i^K 
Benjamin  K.  Peffer.  and  ol  ''|    '>,'.%,  w       ^. ',„,„„.,.  „r  the  Lutheran  Church. 

■mmmmmmm 

MUn^PTHCHARLESeS%ERLAND   merchant,  Boiling  Springs    was  born  in  Blair 
„„„,■'  pP„„    october'16    18«    son  of  John  and  Mary  (flarpst)  Derland,  nauves  of 

lliiSliiiB 

POl"4nT  hmdv  DEW  VLT    retinal  fanner.  P.  O.  Carlisle,  is  a  native  of  Perry  County, 
SOLUUUJN   ul»  am,  nil    u  i         Hia  father  John  Dewalt,  a  prominent  farmer, 

LI  year  married  Martha  Fisbburn,  of  German  lineage,  and  daughter  ol  I  hilip  *  """"• 
'.,  •  n,  ,  r  To  hi'  union  have  been  born  two  children:  Prank  Norman  and  Barton  M r. 
andM™.- Barley  « ^members of  the  ttethodisl  Episcopal  Church,     in  politics  he  "Re- 

1'ul,';'I:"Vi    EVANS    freighl  agenl  for  the  HarriSburg  &   Potomac  Railroad  Company, 


552  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES : 

was  of  German  descent;  his  father,  of  Welsh  lineage,  was  a  land  surveyor,  and  for  many 
years  followed  his  profession  in  York  County.  He,  John  Evans,  moved  to  Newville,  Cum- 
berland County  in  1863;  was  justice  of  the  peace,  and  held  several  other  offices  of  trust.  He 
died  in  1883.  H.  M.  Evans'  paternal  grandfather  was  an  officer  in  the  war  of  1812.  Our  sub- 
ject is  the  elder  in  a  family  of  two  children,  and  grew  to  manhood  in  Cumberland  County, 
attending  the  school  in  Newville  and  afterward  Dickinson  College,  whence  he  gradu- 
ated in  1874.  He  then  studied  surveying,  and  worked  at  it  with  his  father  for  a  time,  but 
at  the  age  of  twenty-three  accepted  the  position  of  freight  agent,  and  has  served  in  that 
capacity  ever  since.  He  was  married,  in  1881,  to  Laura  E.,  daughter  of  John  Beetem.  and 
a  native  of  this  county,  of  German  origin.  To  this  union  has  been  born  one  child:  Maud 
Elizabeth.  Mrs.  Evans  is  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church.  In  politics  Mr.  Evans  is  a 
Democrat. 

W.  F.  GARDNER,  merchant,  P.  O.  Uriah,  was  born  in  South  Middleton  Township, 
this  county,  September  15,  1856,  son  of  Barney  and  Agnes  (Day)  Gardner;  the  former  of 
German  origin,  born  in  Adams  County,  Penn.,  in  1810,  the  latter  also  a  native  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, of  English  lineage.  They  were  married  in  Adams  County,  Penn.  Barney  Gardner, 
who  was  a  farmer  and  merchant  and  successful,  business  man,  lived  to  be  seventy  years 
old,  his  life  being  mostly  spent  on  the  line  between  Adams  and  Cumberland  Counties.  He 
died  in  1880.  He  was  a  Democrat  politically.  His  widow  still  resides  in  South  Middleton 
Township.  Our  subject  is  the  youngest  of  three  children  (John,  Uriah  and  William  P.), 
and  grew  to  manhood  on  the  farm,  receiving  his  education  in  the  common  school.  Mr. 
Gardner  has  been  conducting  a  general  store  in  the  southern  part  of  South  Middleton 
Township  since  1875.  He  was  married,  in  1880,  to  Florence  Mortorff,  of  English  origin, 
and  daughter  of  Israel  Mortorff,  who  was  a  successful  business  man.  Politically  our  sub- 
ject is  a  Democrat. 

SAMUEL  GIVIN.  president  of  the  Mount  Holly  Paper  Company,  Mount  Holly 
Springs,  was  born  in  Cumberland  County,  Penn.,  July  6,  1804,  son  of  James  and  Agnes 
(Steel)  Givin;  the  former  a  native  of  Ireland,  the  latter  of  Pennsylvania.  James  Givin 
came  to  this  county  in  1790,  and  for  many  years  was  a  merchant  in  Carlisle  and  a  promi- 
nent man.  In  early  life  he  was  a  Democrat  in  politics,  but  in  later  years  became  a  Re- 
publican. He  was  a  member  of  Carlisle  Town  Council.  Of  the  eleven  children  born  to 
James  and  Agnes  Givin  seven  attained  maturity.  Samuel  Givin,  the  seventh  born,  grew 
up  in  Carlisle  and  there  received  his  education,  and  early  in  life  embarked  in  mercantile 
business,  in  which  he  continued  until  1828,  when  he  built  a  mill  at  Mount  Holly  Springs, 
near  the  site  of  the  brick  mill  now  owned  by  the  Mount  Holly  Paper  Company,  and  there 
for  several  years  manufactured  carpets,  whose  beauty  in  design  and  texture  are  said  to 
have  equaled  the  celebrated  carpets  of  Kidderminster,  England.  In  1865  the  paper  com- 
pany was  incorporated,  with  a  cash  capital  of  $200,000,  and  Mr.  Robert  Givin  was  elected 
president,  acting  as  such  until  his  death  in  1878.  when  Samuel  Givin  was  elected  presi- 
dent, which  office  he  still  holds.  He  is  a  Republican  in  politics,  and  has  served  as  presi- 
dent of  town  council.     He  is  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 

P.  HARMON,  dealer  in  coal,  grain  and  lumber,  and  agent  for  the  Harrisburg  &  Po- 
tomac Railroad  Company,  Mount  Holly  Springs,  was  born  in  South  Middleton  Township, 
this  county,  December  13,  1848,  son  of  George  (a  farmer)  and  Julia  (Baker)  Harmon,  na- 
tives of  York  County,  Penn.,  and  of  German  origin;  their  family  consisted  of  eight  chil- 
dren. Our  subject,  the  fifth  born,  was  reared  on  the  farm  and  attended  the  schools  of 
his  native  county.  Early  in  life  he  left  the  farm  and  clerked  in  a  store  in  Mount  Holly 
Springs;  then  embarked  in  mercantile  trade,  keeping  a  general  store  for  fifteen  years, 
most  of  the  time  in  company  with  his  brother,  though  he  conducted  business  alone  for  six 
years.  In  1877  our  subject  embarked  in  his  present  enterprise.  He  was  married,  in  1872, 
to  Emily  L.,  daughter  of  Stephen  F.  Weakley,  and  of  Irish  descent.  Her  father  was  a 
farmer,  and  was  a  strong  Abolitionist  in  those  days  when  it  cost  something  to  be  an  advo- 
cate of  that  doctrine.  The  children  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  P.  Harmon  are  Bessie,  Percy  and 
Helen.  Mrs.  Harmon  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  Mr.  Harmon  is 
a  Republican  in  politics;  has  served  in  the  town  council,  and  for  three  years  was  secretary 
of  the  school  board.  During  the  late  war  of  the  Rebellion  he  enlisted,  in  1865,  in  Com- 
pany H,  One  Hundred  and  First  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry,  serving  untifthe  close 
of  the  war. 

E.  F.  HASKELL,  farmer  and  proprietor  of  the  Wood  View  Nursery,  P.  O.  Uriah, 
was  born  in  Massachusetts  May  27,  1810,  son  of  Charles  H.  and  Demaris  (Flagg)  Haskell, 
natives  of  Massachusetts  and  of  English  origin.  Charles  H.  Haskell  was  a'farmer  and 
manufacturer  of  woolen  goods.  Our  subject,  the  third  in  a  family  of  ten  children,  after 
receiving  his  education  in  the  academy  of  his  native  State,  at  the  age  of  seventeen  learned 
the  trade,  with  his  father,  of  manufacturing  woolen  goods,  which  he  followed  seventeen 
years,  a  part  of  the  time  being  in  business  in  Delaware  County,  Penn.  He  also  managed 
the  carpet  manufacturing  business  at  Mount  Holly  Springs,  this  county,  for  five  years,  and 
afterward  became  general  manager  of  the  Pine  Grove  Iron  Works,  where  he  remained  for 
eight  years,  when  he  engaged  as  superintendent  of  the  Ahl  Iron  Works  for  a  year.  After 
this  he  moved  on  his  farm,  consisting  of  205  acres,  which  he  had  purchased  in  1850,  and 


SOUTH    MIDDLBTOM  TOWNSHIP.  553 

i     b«i  in  tha  nunen  business,  selling  trees  in  New  York  and  the  Western  Statesej 
',:'  ,,,,,,,, than  average  success.    Our  subject  has  been  twice  married; 

•    .  ,i,V   «ife  dvinu  in  1835    he  was  marred,  on  tilt.'  second  occasion,  m  1840. 

l'r!"Mi  "ni"!"  V  •     I.".''!     <  f  Vermin  and    Me igin,    and  their  three  children  are 

tp  Miss   l.i./.i   vv      '  ', ,;  ;       Umil..,   wife  of  B.  J.  Bartzel;  Barrison,  who  is  married 

i::;i;;;;.i, ".."., .'...v  ffi iSS  K ! .1*.  o<  ,.™-  ■» »«u».  =1  u>  «*>»i 

''"'"roiiier  w    BEAG1    termer I  stock-grower,  P.O.  parlisleewas 11  near  New- 

B  f'T'  r       "'■  VI  nuJ ,  -mm      1   i"  ■'  "tended  common  school  and  farmed  un- 

;    BX    1.    i'm  -    ,    -  Company  B  Third  Pennsylvania  Cavalry  and  served  as  a 

,,,  iboi,  wnen     .  l'  inseveraJ  hard-foughl  battles,  had  two  horses  shot  from 

non-commissioned  ''^.^V;,/  ,'-,!.  :1  ,,,,,4,  ,,a,u.rv  „,  the  battle  of  Cettysburg, 
gSft^Sd  i!        i  .  • ■  and  was  honorably  discharged     &*»  the  war  Mr   Beagy  has 

norX  I bis  n  >  r  M  v  ■  n  Boberf  Minnie,  .'lark.  Bessie  Florence  Maud  and 
V  ,  i,  Mr  Beag?  ifa  member  of  the  Reformed  Church  and  his  wife  of  the  Presbyterian 
,"l'      minaio,        Mr     Beagy  is  a    Democrat  in  politics;    has  served   three   years    as  county 

and  in  three  years  afoverseer  of  the  poor,  and  several  years  asschool  director 
audi  to,  n  in',  Vu-mer  and  -i-i  raiser  P.  o.  Ilatton,  was  born  in  Lancaster  County, 
Penn  Feb  u,  ni  IS*  the  third  in  the  family  of  Ave  children  of  Christian  and  Mary 
M  ,,',  11  r  aKo  natives  0f  thai  .o„n,y  and  of  German  origin.  Christian  Berr, a  fit*- 
,,  r  •  ,  d  I ui,  istcr  in  the  old  Mennonitc  Church,  moved  to  this  county  in  834  and  settled 
oTaftm  in  South  Middleton  Township,  where  he  died  in  1865.  Our  subject  was  reared 
o^nis      h   ■•:  f      ..'and  received  his  education  in  the  district  school.    In  the  course  of 

„"',,.  ...rri.  ulture  as  an  occupation,  and  is  now  the  owner  o     a  fan,,  of  1(1'  aces 

•r     h e      s  d   s       lie  was  married,  in  1856,  to  Catharine  daughter  of  Jacob  Spangles,  and 

of C. ran  dc  cent      To  this  union    have  been  born  ten   children,  nine  of  whom  are  now 

•    ' '      ,  ,.  ■  ■'■■    Barbara  Jacob  and  Harry  (twins;  they  have astove  and  ™re  store 

to  Bobtail  Sp  in         Abraham,  Christian,  Mary,  George  and  \\  ilham     Mrs.  Herr  dyingin 

Iffffl   Mr  Herr  married     in   1881,   Sallie  S.,  daughter  of  John   Kauffman.     Mr   and  Mrs. 

|  ',   n  ' Vnb,  ,:  of  tin,  United  Brethren  Church,  of  which  he  is  a  trustee.     In  politics 

'"'  i~i»AVn»''!liu'i;XKi;.  retired  manufacturer,  Hatton  was  born  in  Dauphin  County, 

Ten,     Mav  "4   1811    the  third  born  in  the  family  of  twelve  children  oi  John  and  Magda- 

Hoemer  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  and  of  German  origin,  and  grandson  of 

1     ;  asoldierin  the  Revolutionary  war.    John! rner  was  a  major  in .the 

«    r     . MSI"     and    lived    lotbe   advance!   age   of   ninety-one    years       Our   subject    was   a 

„,.  militia,  and    had    two  sons,  who  lost   their  lives  ,n  the  la  e   Re be  Ho 

David     I.      starved   to   death    in    Andersonville   prison,    and   Thomas,  killed   in   front  ot 

',     ■  d    Boerner.  Sr„  received  his  education  in   Dauphin  County,  Pen,,.,  and 

\      ,  itTeen  commenced  to  lean,  the  manufacturing  of  wo,  en  good  ,wb eh 

nnainesshe  followed  forty-five  years.     In  184-   he  bought   the  woolen  mills  m  South  Mid- 

,'  ,  Township  ^ich  he  successfully  operated  untn  1874,  since  when  the  business  has 

bt    his  son,  Daniel  B.     Our  subject  was  married,  in   1881,  to  Barbara 

,,. ,,,,     ,,!    German    descent,  and   of  the   nine   children    born    to   this  union  the  following 

;      living:  Jo,,,,  11..  the  owner  oi   1,200  acree  ol   land,  a  wealthy,  influential  

"i  u    |  .don"  Pen,,.:   Marv  IS.,  Wife  of  Samuel  Shelly;  Sue  B.,  who  isliving  With  Said 

1  i     1    I  oern  r  and  Wi  Ham  B.,  living  in  Central  City,  Col.;  Barbara  M .  wi ft  o    J.  K. 
i   vhil     Salens   wife  of  Rev.  John  P.  Smith,  a  .Methodist  minister,  andDamel  B.,  a 

ffiturefof  woolen  g Is.     Mr.  Boerner  is  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church  Mm 

oited  Brethren  denomination.     He  is  owner  of  a  woolen-mil  and  a  farrn 

which  he  resides  in  South  Middh  up.     I.i  politics  Mr.  Hoe 

,  .ri.-.  Republican.     During   thelat  Rebellion,  in  186%  he  went.to  Harris- 

ur'ioii   on,,  Cen.  Smith, bat  the  rel  itehugh  Le,    "as  in  this  vicinity.     On 

hTs return  he  states  thai  he  foundhimseli  in  the  midst  of  the  enemy,  and  saw  Sen  Lee 

Jting,and  thai  the  General,  whet  he  saw  him  said    ''Come' let  us 

Lave!  talk  "     Mr.  Boerner  accepted  the  invitation,  climbed  ,„,  on  the  fence,  and  for  hall 

m  hour  argued    he  political  qSestions  of  the  day,  all  the  time  with  a  passfrom  Gen. 

Smith  in  his  Docket  which   if  found,  would  have  condemned  him  as  a  spy.     W  h'  "  '  '  ."' 

U  •  el     ,    at  I  hmn  ■  three  of  the  rebels  accompanied  him  las  they  said,  to  gel  something 


554  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

to  eat),  but  Mr.  Hoerner  threw  them  off  the  scent  by  stopping  at  a  farm  house  three  miles 
from  home,  and  asking  for  a  piece  of  bread  and  butter,  and  when  they  saw  him  beginning 
to  eat  they  left;  so.  by  shrewdness  and  courage,  he  escaped. 

D.  P.  HOOVER  (deceased)  was  born  in  York  County,  Penn..  February  13,  1825,  son 
of  John  (a  farmer)  and  Julia  Ann  (Livingston)  Hoover,  natives  of  Pennsylvania  and  of 
German  lineage;  they  raised  a  family  of  nine  children,  eight  of  whom  grew  to  maturity. 
Our  subject, who  was  the  seventh  born,  attended  the  district  school,  and  at  the  age  of  nine- 
teen learned  blacksmithing,  and  after  serving  his  apprenticeship  followed  his  trade  two 
years.  He  came  with  his  parents  to  this  county  in  1833,  and  had  therefore  resided  here 
for  over  a  half  century.  He  made  farming  the  main  business  of  his  life  and  met  with  more 
than  average  success.  Mr.  Hoover  was  married  in  1845.  to  Sarah,  daughter  of  Jacob  and 
Esther  (Gline)  Burkholder,  the  former  of  whom,  a  farmer,  was  of  German  origin.  The 
union  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hoover  was  blessed  with  twelve  children,  eight  of  whom  grew 
up  and  seven  are  now  living:  William  M.,  Caroline  Amelia  (wife  of  William  E.  Reed).  I. 
Willis,  Anna,  Esther,  Samuel  Philip,  Matilda  Clarissa.  Mr.  Hoover  died  July  24.  1886.  a 
member  of  the  Evangelical  Chuch  in  which  he  had  held  most  of  the  offices,  having  served 
as  superintendent  of  babbath-schoool,  class-leader  and  trustee;  and  had  been  a  member  <>f 
the  church  council.  He  served  his  township  as  school  director.  Politically  he  was  a 
Democrat.     His  widow  is  a  member  of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church. 

ISRAEL  HULL,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  P.  O.  Mount  Holly  Springs,  was  born  in 
Lancaster  County,  Penn..  February  23,  1821,  sou  of  Peter  and  Anna(Metz)  Hull,  also  na- 
tives of  Lancaster  County  and  of  Holland-Dutch  descent.  Peter  Hull  was  a  farmer  by 
occupation;  his  father  Peter  Hull,  Sr.,  served  as  a  soldier  in  the  Revolutionary  war.  Israel 
Hull,  the  fourth  in  a  family  of  six  children,  attended  the  common  school  and  worked  on 
the  farm  until  he  was  seventeen  years  old;  then  learned  wagon-making,  which  occupation 
he  followed  until  he  attained  his  majority;  he  then,  for  several  years,  traveled  extensively, 
going  over  the  road  between  California  and  Pennsylvania  eight  times  (working  in  the  mines 
in  California),  and  sailed  on  the  ocean,  visiting  the  Sandwich  Islands,  working  in  the  ship- 
yards there  for  ten  months;  he  next  embarked  for  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  arriving  there  a 
few  months  previous  to  the  discovery  of  gold.  In  1850  he  came  to  New  York,  and  in  the 
same  year  to  Mechanicsburg.  Penn.  Mr.  Hull  was  married,  in  1850,  to  Hannah,  daughter 
of  John  and  Hannah  (Orth)  Ricker,  also  natives  of  Pennsylvania  and  of  German  origin. 
To  this  union  were  born  two  children:  Clara  Jane  and  Margaret  M.  Mrs.  Hull  died  in 
1857.  In  politics  our  subject  is  a  Republican.  He  is  a  member  of  Chico  Lodge,  No. 
113,  I.  O.  O.  F..  of  California.  In  business  he  has  been  successful  and  is  the  owner  of  a 
well  improved  farm  near  Mount  Holly  Springs. 

BENJAMIN  KAUFFMAN,  retired  farmer,  Boiling  Springs,  was  born  in  Lancaster 
County,  Penn..  August  7,  1805,  son  of  Christian  and  Maria  (Miller)  Kauffman,  natives  of 
Pennsylvania  and  of  German  origin,  and  who  were  the  parents  of  eight  children,  of  whom 
Benjamin  is  the  youngest  and  the  only  surviving  member  of  the  family.  Our  subject  was 
reared  on  the  farm,  attended  the  subscription  school  in  his  native  county,  chose  the 
vocation  of  his  father  (who  was  a  farmer  all  his  lifej^  and  has  met  with  marked  success. 
He  came  to  Cumberland  County,  Penn.,  in  1834,  and  settled  in  South  Middleton  Township 
on  the  farm  where  he  now  resides,  and  which  now  numbers  261  acres.  He  was  married  in 
1828,  to  Martha,  daughter  of  Jacob  Bassler,  also  a  native  of  Lancaster  Count}'  and  of 
German  origin.  Of  the  eleven  children  born  to  this  union  seven  attained  maturity:  Maria, 
married  to  Charles  Miller  (both  now  deceased);  Ann  (deceased  wife  of  John  Bremer); 
Benjamin  (deceased),  was  married,  a  farmer;  Tobias,  married,  resides  in  Iowa  (he  enlisted 
at  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  of  the  Rebellion  in  the  Two  Hundred  and  Ninth  Pennsyl- 
vania Volunteer  Infantry,  was  promoted  to  captain  and  subsequently  to  colonel;  was 
taken  prisoner  by  the  enemy  and  suffered  all  the  horrors  of  Libby  prison);  Sarah,  at  home; 
Martha,  wife  of  John  Strickler;  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Elias  Moutz;  Susan,  wife  of  William 
Ely.     Mr.  Kauffman  is  a  member  of  the  new  Mennonite  Church. 

WILLIAM  KLEPPER.  farmer  and  stock-grower,  P.  O.  Mount  Holly  Springs,  was 
born  in  Adams  County,  Penn.,  March  31,  1834,  son  of  Adolphus  and  Susan  (Kime^  Klep- 
per.  His  mother  was  a  native  of  Adams  County,  Penn.,  and  of  German  origin.  His 
father,  who  was  born  in  Germany,  was  a  type-setter  by  trade,  an  occupation  he  followed 
in  early  life,  but  later  was  a  farmer.  Adolphus  and  Susan  Klepper  reared  a  family  of 
nine  children,  of  whom  William  is  the  eldest.  Our  subject  acquired  his  education  in  the 
common  schools  of  his  native  county/chose  farming  as  his  vocation,  and  is  now  the  owner 
of  150  acres  of  land,  on  which  he  resides  and  which  he  has  acquired  by  his  own  exertions. 
He  was  married,  in  1863,  to  Mary  Jane,  daughter  of  John  and  Mary  (Brame)  Weigle,  and 
a  native  of  Adams  County,  Penn.,  of  German  descent.  To  this  union  were  born  the  fol- 
lowing children:  Sarali  Alberta,  Anna  Minerva  (a  teacher  in  South  Middleton  Township, 
Penn.),  John  Adolphus,  William  Henry,  Maggie  V.,  Jacob  Enter}',  Emma  Jane,  Rebecca 
Irene  and  Clarence  Reynolds.  Mr.  and  Mrsr  Klepper  and  two  eldest  daughters  are  mem- 
bers of  the  Lutheran  Church,  in  which  he  has  been  deacon.  In  politics  Mr.  Klepper  is  a 
Democrat.  He  has  served  as  school  director  three  years;  township  assessor,  and  as  judge 
of  the  primary  election,  three  times. 


SOUTH    MIDDLKTON  TOWNSHIP.  555 

„  „  T .,,,,,  .  v   .'__.„-  tt„a  ntock-crowei  P.  O.  Boiling  Springs,  was  born  near  the 

■„  '     '     I  ,\',      rH      r        Vi"    June26,  1889,  sin  of  Jacob  and  Catharine 

1        ls= 

rlluH'aUy'ursub^.is.I.wuo.Ta,:!,,!,:,...,..,!;^,- [  director  and  assessor  of  his 

townT8hj?-  ,  FI1M\N  iustice  ol  the  peace,  Boiling  Springs,  -was  bora  in  Cumberland 
County  ivnn  m:\  i-V  MMS  »•»  of  Jacob  and  Catharine  ^ivler) Lehman  akonaUves 
Ks  countvand  of  German  origin.  Jacob  Lehman,  who  was  a  farmer  and  stock-dealer. 
Sffi&SSSr'S    870;  his  widog  stm  surges.    Their  faindv  consisted  eleven  chU- 

ta,„    ■    'iv   ,"     ...!m. school  education.     His  first  business  transaction   « ras  .  e,  ding 

instock       In    ISTti    he    built    the   business  room    now  oeeuiued  b\   C  apt      kihud.ina  con 
,       ,  :,  „   m.     ,,,,  .  veats      In  1880  he  bought  twenty  ei^ht    acres  of  land,  where  he 

h n    at  h       :,,ve,v,l  fndications  of  1. re,  &velopedil  %??&£  £*  SeUnfSS 

,,....,; ■|.,,rrect  and  then  quietly  (through  an  agent)  bought  more,  and  at  the  present  time 
us  acres     He  le  an  ore  lead  nearly  three  miles  long  on  his  land,  which  is  being 

Company,  of  which  he  is  land  agent  Eor  Cumberland  (  ountg .  (working  ■' •<  ■_ Lt  ^"s 

B)  Mr  Lehman's  lands  bid  fair  to  prove  first  class  in  every  particular.  Oursul 1  eetwas- 
,„;,..'  in  is;,  to  1  vde  C  (daughter  of  Wilson  Fleming),  a  graduate  of  the  btate  Not- 
m'  s  'ho  who  livedonh  one  vear  after  marriage;  she  was  a  member  ot  the  Presbyterian 
h ml C  ■  r  1  e  Mr ehnvin  is  a  liberal  contributor  to  the  ehureh  In  BoilingSprmgs 
andtetr^stefo   th,   Meihodist  Church  in  this  township    He  is  a  Democrat  m  politics  and 

'8  "SBMifiS0]  iaJSSL  SSKW.  Offsprings,  was  bora  in  South  Mid- 
dtetS Ship,  Cumberland  County,  IV,,,,  ._Februarv  -I.  f816,  son  of  John  and  Mary 
,  Wise)Leib,  the  Conner  born  in  this  county    n  1  SI,  a  tanner  by  pCCUpafaOn.     C  >U fSUb       t 

the  eighth  born  in  a  family  of  twelve  children,  received  his  education    nth    sub 

,io„  S I;  chose  farming  as  his  occupation,  and.hasmei  with  ■■»"^>*  l    ;  ■     |u;i  V, 

from  business  and  living  on  his  little  farm,  comprising  88  acres  for  wh lie  p.  . *-  ■> 
per  acre   and  on  which  he  has  a  neat,  substantial  residence.    Christian  Leih was marnea 
,  ris:;n.  to  Nancy,  daughter  of  Jacob  Walter     This  union iwas  blessed  with ^eight  chi 
Sen,  three  of  whom  survive:  Mary.  Christian  W  (a  tanner)  andChar lesH.  (a  lr int  . 

Mr  Leib's  Bon,  John,  was  a  soldier  in  the  Union  Armj  ,  a  member  of  the Two  1  it  i  redan. l 
Ninth    1'ennsvlvania  Volunteer    Infantrv.    Company    A.  and   was   killed    a^    the   battle    ot 

P^teMbui^r^ibaKfeare  members ^^<^^^^S^SZ^ 
he  Das  been  Steward  class  leader  and  Sabbath-SChOOl  superintendent.  Politica  m  Mr. 
Leibta  Republican!  1 1 e  is  a  descendant  of  one  Of  the  oldest  families  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  he  and  his  wife  have  the  respect  and  esteem  of  their  many  mends.  „,.,.,., 

A.  M.  LEIDICH,  survi  vor  and  merchant  ol   Boiling  Springs,  was  bora  at     I. eidi h 

Oil-mill    farm.'  in    Monroe   Township.  Cumberland    Co..  Pen... .  on    the    L8th  Oi    October, 

s^""lle  S  a  son  of  John  and   Marl ,  I.iller.  Leidieh.     His  grandfather  Adam  Le^h 
wasof  German  lineage,  and  died  at  the  "oil  null  farm      ...    l^'s     1   s  m        .  w. 
daughter  of  Martin  Dnler,  an  early  settler  of  this  county  and  of  G<  srmi m    i  ;-''■• 

,„lMarv  Leidich  bad  two  children:  Ada.,,,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  and  D.  .1.. ..  pron 
i"  t  ,  erchan.  of  Carlisle,  Penn      John  Leidich  died  in  1836  and  Mary  Leidnch  died lin 
?886     A  M.  Leidich  commenced  the  study  of  surveying  at  fifteen  wars  of  age  and  two 

began  the  practi I :  his  profession.     Be  engage,  li  u  keep. ...  age  „  ,  .1        ; 

:,,  Boiling  8prings  in  1845,  and  continued  in  that  business  until  1874,  with  onij  anmier 
ruptionol  two  years.     In  1845  he  laid  out  the  town  of  Boiling  Springs  for  Daniel  Kaufl- 

,  n   who  owned  the  I n  which  the  the  town  was  bud..    The  same .year, he    aught 

,,„.],„  nn  thecoraeroi  Main  and  Front  Streets    the  first  lot  that  was  sold  in this town 
Kg  he  then  enormous  sum  of  |200for  it,  and  bud.  the  brick  store  "bichis  still  stend- 

fnT^Voiling  Springs  , aed  as  early  as  1762.     Our  subject  was  married  in ,1847^  to 

Blgina,  daughter  ol ^Capt.  Stewart  McGowan,  and  great-granddaughter ^of AndwjOKW 
Sbo  was  prominent  in  the  early  history  ol  this  county.  Mrs  Leidich  a  ^ancestors  were 
early  settlers  of   Pennsylvania,  oi  Scotcn-Irish  origin,     The  children   born   to   this  union 


556  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

are  Stewart  M.,  an  attorney  at  law,  in  Carlisle,  Penn.;  Mary,  wife  of  R.  Craighead;  Mar- 
garet, wife  of  Dr.  Houk,  of  Boiling  Springs,  this  county,  and  Emma  J.,  at  home.  Mrs. 
Leidich  died  in  1873;  she  was  a  member  of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church  of  Carlisle.  Mr. 
Leidich  is  a  member  of  the  same  church.  In  politics  he  is  a  Republican.  He  was  the 
first  postmaster  of  Boiling  Springs,  appointed  by  President  Pierce,  the  mail  then  being 
carried  to  Boiling  Springs  from  Allen  postoffice  by  Henry  Erbin,  who  walked  with  it  on 
his  shoulder,  or, 'more  frequently  in  his  pocket.  He  continued  postmaster  until  the  elec- 
tion of  Abraham  Lincoln. 

M.  H.  LINDSAY,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  P.  O.  Carlisle,  was  born  in  Cumberland 
County,  Penn.,  June  23,  1837,  son  of  Alexander  and  Eliza  (Wilt)  Lindsay;  the  former  of 
Scotch  and  the  latter  of  English  origin.  Alexander  Lindsay,  who  was  a  successful  business 
man,  died  in  1875.  The  family  of  Alexander  and  Eliza  Lindsay  consisted  of  ten  children, 
eight  of  whom  grew  to  manhood  and  womanhood,  and  seven  are  now  living.  Our  subject, 
the  second  born,  was  raised  on  the  farm,  in  South  Middleton  Township,  this  county,  and 
there  attended  the  common  schools.  Since  be  reached  his  majority  he  has  engaged  in 
farming,  and  is  now  the  owner  of  the  home  farm,  consisting  of  something  over  eighty- 
two  acres.  He  was  married,  December  19,  18(17,  to  Miss  Elmira,  daughter  of  Jacob  Hart- 
man,  and  to  this  union  were  born  two  children:  Rebecca  (deceased)  and  Alice  M.  Mrs. 
Lindsay  is  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church.  In  politics  Mr.  Lindsay  is  a  Republican. 
J.  W.  LINDSEY,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  P.  O.  Carlisle,  was  born  in  Cumberland 
County,  Penn.,  December  21,  1835,  son  of  Alexander  and  Eliza  (Wilt)  Lindsey,  natives  of 
Pennsylvania  and  of  Scotch  descent.  They  reared  a  family  of  ten  children,  eight  of  whom 
grew  to  manhood  and  woinanhood,  and  seven  are  now  living.  Our  subject,  the  eldest, 
was  reared'  on  the  farm,  received  his  education  in  the  common  schools  in  South  Middle- 
ton  Township,  and  has  made  farming  his  business  in  life.  His  father,  who  was  a  success- 
ful farmer,  died  in  1875.  Mr.  Lindsey,  who  has  met  with  good  success  as  an  agriculturist, 
has  lately  built  himself  a  neat,  substantial  residence  on  his  farm,  which  consists  of  88 
acres.  He  was  married  in  1883,  to  Mary  Bell,  daughter  of  Solomon  Dewalt,  a  prominent 
farmer  of  this  township.  The  union  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lindsey  has  been  blessed  with  one 
child:  Bessie  Wilt.  Mrs.  Lindsey  is  a  member  of  the  German  Reformed  Church.  Politi- 
cally Mr.  Lindsey  is  a  Republican. 

D.  A.  McALLESTER,  merchant,  Mount  Holly  Springs,  was  born  in  Perry  Coun- 
ty, Penn.,  August  13,  1841,  son  of  Alexander  and  Elizabeth  (Baughman)  McAllester, 
natives,  respectively,  of  Dauphin  and  Perry  Counties,  Penn. ;  the,f  ormer  of  Scotch-Irish  and 
the  latter  of  German  origin.  Alexander  McAllester,  who  was  a  blacksmith  by  trade,  in 
later  life  a  farmer,  died  in  Perry  County,  Penn.,  in  1880.  Our  subject  is  the  seventh  born 
in  a  family  of  nine  children,  seven  of  whom  grew  to  manhood  and  womanhood.  He  was 
reared  on  the  farm,  receiving  his  education  in  the  common  school  and  in  Bloomfleld 
Academy.  His  first  business  venture  was  as  a  clerk  in  a  dry  goods  store  in  Logansport, 
Ind.,  where  he  remained  six  years;  he  then  went  East  and  clerked  for  two  years;  subse- 
quently embarked  in  mercantile  trade  at  Mount  Holly  Springs,  where  he  has  since  suc- 
cessfully conducted  a  general  store.  D.  A.  McAlledter  was  married,  in  1868,  to  Emma, 
daughter  of  Jacob  Steel,  and  of  German  origin.  They  have  five  children:  C.  J.,  Steel, 
William,  D.  A.  and  Marie.  Mr.  McAllester  is  a  Democrat  in  politics.  He  was  appointed 
postmaster  in  1885,  and  has  served  as  treasurer  of  Mount  Holly  Springs.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  K.  of  P. 

A.  MANSFIELD,  superintendent  of  the  paper-mills  of  the  Mount  Holly  Paper  Com- 
pany, Mount  Holly  Springs, was  born  in  Berkshire  County,  Mass.,  March  20.  1825,  son  of 
William  and  Martha  (Granger)  Mansfield,  also  natives  of  that  State  and  of  English  de- 
scents they  were  parents  of  two  children.  Albert,  the  eldest,  received  his  schooling  in  his 
native  county,  and  for  a  time  was  employed  in  his  father's  store;  afterward  he  learned 
to  manufacture  paper  in  his  father's  paper-mill,  and  in  1859  came  to  Cumberland  County, 
Penn.,  accepting  the  superintendency  of  Mount  Holly  Paper-mill,  which  position  he 
still  fills  with  honor  to  himself  and  credit  to  his  employers.  He  was  united  in  marriage, 
December  3,  1850,  with  Miss  Harriet  E.  Munsou.  born  in  Connecticut  and  of  English  origin. 
This  union  has  been  blessed  with  one  child,  Eva  D.,  now  the  wife  of  Clarence  J.  Reddig, 
a  merchant  in  Shippensburg,  a  graduate  of  Eastman  National  Business  College.  Pough- 
keepsie,  N.  Y.,  and  a  member  of  the  class  of  1877  of  Pennsylvania  College.  Gettysburg, 
Penn.  He  is  well  known  throughout  the  State  as  a  Sabbath-school  worker.  Mr.  Mans- 
field is  a  Republican  in  politics. 

A.  R.  MAY,  veterinary  surgeon.  P.  O.  Boiling  Springs,  born  in  York  County,  Penn., 
December  27,  1838,  son  of  Daniel  and  Barbara  (Rider)  May;  the  former  of  whom  was  born 
in  York  County,  Penn.,  in  1795,  and  lived  to  be  seventy-eight  years  old;  the  latter,  born  in 
York  County,  Penn.,  in  1801,  still  residing  with  our  subject  at  Boiling  Springs.  Daniel  May 
was  a  miller  in  early  life,  but  in  later  years  a  farmer.  He  was  a  very  strong  man,  and  dur- 
ing the  time  he  was  milling  for  Mr.  Frick  at  the  Big  Conowago,  in  York  County,  Penn.,  he 
carried  nine  bushels  of  wheat  up  two  flights  of  stairs  at  onelime.  A.  R.  May.  the  sixth 
born  in  the  family,  was  reared  on  the  farm,  and  received  his  education  in  the  common 
school.     He  subsequently  studied  medicine,  commenced  to  practice  as  veterinary  surgeon. 


SOUTH    MIDDLETON    TOWNSHIP.  557 

in  York  County,  Penn.,  and,  in  ls7:>.  came  to  Boiling  Springs,  wherein'  has  been  very  suc- 
cessful, and  i>  as  well  known  as  any  veterinary  Burgeon  in  the  county.  The  Doctor  usu- 
ally passes  for  a  "  Dutch  man.''  and  though  his  parents  and  grandparents  were  Americans, 
raised  in  York  County  among  the  Pennsylvania  Dutch,  he  now  -peaks  the  English  lan- 
guage with  difficulty.     He  i-  a  Republican  in  politics.     For  several  \eir<  Mr.    M 

n  mentioned  as  a  candidate  for  sheriff  of  Cumberland 
County. 

JACOB  II.  MEIXEL,  fanner  and  stock  grower,  P.  O.  Boiling  Springs,  was  born  in 
South  Middleton  Township,  Cumberland  Co.,    Perm..  January  82,   1846,  son  of  i 
and  Catharine  (Hoover)  Meixel,  natives  ol  Pennsylvania  and  of  German  origin.     I 

Meixel  was    horn    in    '  ind   is  a  fanner  by  occupation,  hut    in   early  life    was   R 

freighter;  he  now  resides  at  Boiling  Springs;  he  was  a  deacon  in  the  Church  of  God.      He 

raised  three  sons  and  one  daughter:  Jeremiah  F..  a  minister  in  the  Church  of  God;  Jacob 

:  lariah  T..  teaching  in  the  high  school,  Hanover,  York  Co.,  Penn. ;  and  Sally,  wife 

1  'it. i.      Our  subject  was   reared  on  the  farm,  receiving  hi-  education   in   the 

township  schools,  the  Iron  City  <  o  liege,  and  at   the  Commercial  College  of 

Philadelphia,  Penn.      lie  i-  a  tir-l  clas-  penman,  and   traveled  through  the  West  • 

penmanship.  He  was  married,  January  11.  187(1.  to  Crara,  daughter  of  Peter  Bricker,  of 
German  origin.  To  1 1 1 i  —  union  wen-  born  four  children,  three  now  living:  Jacob  B..  Rol- 
land  II  and  Christ.     Mr.  Meixel  is  a  Republican  in  politics      II     enlisted 

when  In'  was  eighteen  year-  old.  in  Company  I.  One  Hundred  and  Ninety-fifth  Pennsyl- 
vania Volunteer  Infantry,  served  his  term  of  enlistment,  and  then  re-enlisted  in  the  One 
Hundred  and  Forty-ninth  Independents,  and  became  a  non-commissioned  officer.  Mr. 
Meixel  has  traveled  in  two  thirds  of  the  States  of  the  Union.  He  is  owuer  of  214  acresof 
land,  i-  a  hr-t  clas-  farmer,  and  rai-es  thoroughbred  chic  kens,  turkeys,  hoirs  and  cattle 

ROBERT  11.  MIDDLETON,  superintendent  of  the  Harrisburg  &  Potomac  Railroad, 

Boiling  Springs,  was  bom  in  Mifflin  Township.  Cumberland  Co.,  Penn..  January  25,  1845; 
son  of  Andrew  M.  and  Nancy  (Elliott)  Middleton,  also  native-  of  this  county  and  of 
Scotch-Irish  origin,  and  who  reared  a  family  of  five  children.  Our  subject,  the  second 
born,  lived  on  a  farm  until  fifteen  years  old,  attending  the  common  BChool.  His  father, 
who  was  a  farmer,  then  moved  to  Xewville.  Penn.,  where  Robert  H.  attended  the  academy. 
In  1863  be  went  to  Baltimore  and  attended  the  Commercial  College,  graduating  the  same 
rear.  He  thenoblainedaposition  with  P.  A  Aid  A-  Bro.  as  book-keeper,  remaining  with 
them  until  1865,  when  he  went  to  Wabash.  Ind.,  as  book-keeper  for  his  uncle.  Thomas  .1 
Elliott,  and  there  remained  until  lStJS.  On  returning  to  Xewville.  he  was  again  employed 
keeper  for  Ahl  A  Bro.  until  1875,  when  he  accepted  a  position  on  the  engineer 
the  Harrisburg  &  Potomac  Railroad,  was  made  road-ma-ter  in  1*76  and  in  1877 
wa-  appointed  to  his  present  position.  Our  subject  was  married.  May  10.  1870.  to  Elizabeth 
A.,  daughter  of  Isaac  Vanloan,  of  New  York  City;  their  children  are  Thomas  E.  and 
Rob  rt  11.,  .Jr.  Mrs.  Middleton  is  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  and  is  of  Huguenot 
origin. 

WILLIAM  MOORE,  farmer  and  stock  orrower.  P.  O.  Mount  Hollv  Springs,  was 
in  South  Middleton  Township,  this  county,  November  38,  W85,  in  the  house  where  he  now 
Hi-  parents.  William  and  Catharine  (Reighter)  Moore,  were  also  natives  of  this 
county  and  of  Scotch-Irish  de-rent.  Hi-  father  was  a  farmer  and  miller,  and  his  grand- 
fatber,  \\  illiam  Mo., re,  also  a  farmer,  wa-  an  early  settler  of  this  county.  William  Moore 
is  the  youngest  in  a  family  of  -i\  children,  of  which  he  and  his  sister  Mary  Ami  (now  the 
wife  of  John  Craighead)  are  the  only  one-  now  residing  in  the  county.  Our  subject  was 
reared  on  a  farm,  acquired  a  common  school  education,  and  fanning  and  milling  have  been 
wner  of  174  acres  of  land.  Our  subject  has  been  twice  mar 
ried;  first  in  1858.  to  Catharine,  daughter  of  Jacob  Ritner  and  granddaughter  ol 

Ritnei  of  Pennsylvania.      To  this  union  were  born  the  following  named  children: 

Robert,  a  cattle-dealer  in  Wyoming  Territory ;  Emily  and    Bertha.     Mrs    Moore  died  in 

in  1869  Mr.  Moon-  married,  for  his  second  wife,  her  sister  Mary,  and  by  this 

union  has  four  children:  Jessie,  Minnie.  Xorris  and  Hugh.    Mr-.  Moore's  father  was  a  land 

surveyor  and  farmer,  and  hi-  daughter  Mary,  being  endowed  with  a:  drew  the 

the  tracts  of   land  for  him;  -he   is  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church.     Mr. 

■  tnocrat  in  politics. 

ELIAS  MOUNTZ,   farmer  and  stock-raiser,   P.  O.    Hat  ton,  was  born  in  Frankford 

Town-hip,  this  county,  August  IS,  1*40  son  of  John  and  Susanna  (Knisly)  Monntz,  natives 

of  Cumberland  County.  Penn..  and  of   German   descent;  the   former  born  in  1812,  and  the 

latter  in  l-il.    Our  subject's  grandfather,  Martin  Mountz.  and  andfather,  Laz- 

arus Mountz,  were  tiller-  of  the  -oil.  a-  wa-  also  his  father.     John  Mountz  served,  at  one 
-  '  aptain  in   the  militia;  he  died  in  1879,  his  widow  still  survives  him.     Their  fam- 
if  ten  children,  eight  of  whom  grew  to  manhood  and  womanhood.     Elias 

Mount/,   is   the  eldest    in    the  family    that    attained  maturity,  and  was  reared  On  the  farm, 

attending  the  normal  Bchool.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  he  commenced  teaching,  and  fol- 
lowed  this  vocation  for  ten  years  in  this  county,  teaching  in  the  high  school  at  Mount 

-rings   and  sL\  terms  in  South  Middleton  Township:  since  he  abandoned  school- 


558  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

teaching  he  has  devoted  his  time  to  farming.  Mr.  Mountz  is  one  of  the  few  farmers  who 
keep  a  correct  book  account  of  all  he  buys  and  sells  on  his  farm.  He  ha.s  been  a  very  suc- 
cessful farmer,  and  is  one-half  owner  of  a  well  improved  farm,  on  which  his  brother  now 
resides.  Mr.  Mountz,  in  politics,  is  a  Democrat:  has  served  as  school  director  in  this 
township  for  nine  years;  in  186(5  he  was  elected  county  auditor,  and  served  in  that  capaci- 
ty for  three  years.  Our  subject  was  married,  February  23,  1865,  to  Eliza  B.,  daughter  of 
Benjamin  Kauffmau,  and  this  union  has  been  blessed  with  thirteen  children,  ten  of  whom 
are  now  living:  Cicero  K.,  Viola  K..  Elias  K..  Harry  K.,  Olive  K..  Charles  K.,  Minnie  K., 
Elsie  K.,  Stella  K.  and  Annie  K.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Mountz  are  members  of  the  United  Breth- 
ren Church,  in  which  he  is  class  leader  and  assistant  superintendent  of  the  Sabbath-school. 

CHARLES  H.  MULLIN,  Mount  Holly  Springs,  is  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the 
Mount  Holly  Paper  Company,  established  in  1856,  who  do  an  extensive  business  in  the 
manufacture  of  fine  letter  and  writing  papers;  they  make  the  commercial  safety  paper 
for  checks,  drafts,  etc.  He  was  born  in  South  Middleton  Township  (now  Mount  Holly 
Springs),  this  county,  October  31,  1833.  son  of  William  B.  and  Eliza  (Lightcap)  Mullin, 
natives  of  Cumberland  County,  and  of  Irish  and  English  descent,  respectively.  Our  sub- 
ject's great-grandfather,  who  came  from  the  North  of  Ireland  to  America  in  1760,  and  set- 
tled in  Cumberland  County,  Penn.,  was  a  farmer  by  occupation,  and  served  as  a  soldier 
in  the  Revolutionary  war,  and  his  grandfather,  who  was  a  paper  manufacturer  in  Frank- 
lin County,  Penn.,  came,  in  1819,  to  what  is  now  Mount  Holly  Springs,  and  bought  the 
paper-mill  built  in  1812  by  William  Barber  and  I.  Knox,  and  which  he  carried  on  until 
1838,  when  his  son,  William  B.  Mullin  (subject's  father),  took  charge  of  the  business,  and 
continued  it  until  his  death,  which  occurred  in  1869.  In  politics  Mr.  Mullin  is  a  Repub- 
lican. He  was  one  of  the  electors  on  the  Republican  ticket  that  elected  Gen.  Grant  Presi- 
dent his  first  term;  he  was  delegate  to  the  National  Convention  in  1876,  and  has  also  been 
delegate  to  all  important  State  conventions  since  1872,  always  taking  a  prominent  part. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  K.  of  P.,  and  is  a  Knight  Templar.  During  the  late 
war  of  the  Rebellion  our  subject  enlisted,  in  1861,  in  the  Seventh  Pennsylvania  Reserves. 
Mr.  Mullin  takes  an  interest  in  every  thing  that  pertains  to  the  welfare  of  Cumberland 
County.  In  1872  he  was  elected  president  of  Cumberland  County  Agricultural  Society, 
which  office  he  still  holds. 

WILLIAM  A.  MULLIN,  of  the  firm  of  W.  A.  &  A.  F.  Mullin,  manufacturer  of  book 
paper  Mount  Holly  Springs,  Penn.,  was  born  at  that  place  August  18,  1835,  the  second 
child  of  William  Barbour  and  Eliza  (Lightcap)  Mullin,  natives  of  Cumberland  County. 
Upon  leaving  school  he  associated  himself  with  his  father,  and  became  a  partner  in  the 
business.  May  1,  1869,  the  father  died,  and  since  1872  the  firm  has  been  known  as  W.  A. 
&  A.  F.  Mullin.  William  A.  has  paid  much  attention  to  the  breeding  of  fine  horses  and 
Jersey  cattle.  The  Mullins  have  all  been  and  are  active  business  men.  William  A.  mar- 
ried, in  October.  1862.  Miss  Fannie  Porter,  a  daughter  of  Capt.  and  Martha  I.  (Hall)  Por- 
ter. Mrs.  Mullin  is  a  lady  of  rare  attainments,  and  is  both  an  artist  and  poet.  They  are 
the  parents  of  two  daughters:  Helen  Hall  and  Nora  Montgomery  Mullin.  Mrs.  Mullin  is 
a  graduate  of  Irving  Female  College. 

A.  F.  MULLIN  is  a  member  of  the  firm  of  W.  A.  &  A.  F.  Mullin,  manufacturers  of 
book  and  printing  paper,  Mount  Holly  Springs.  The  mill  operated  by  this  firm  is  one  of 
the  oldest  in  the  State,  the  business  having  been  established  by  the  grandfather  and  grand- 
uncle  of  our  subject.  The  mill  was  burned  down  in  1846.  and  the  ground  was  then  pur- 
chased by  W.  B.  Mullin  (subject's  father)  who,  in  1847,  erected  a  larger  building,  intro- 
ducing modern  machinery,  and  conducted  the  business  until  his  death  in  1869,  since  when 
it  has-been  operated  by  the  present  firm.  A.  F.  Mullin  was  born  at  Mount  Holly  Springs, 
this  county,  in  the  house  where  he  now  resides,  September  14,  1837,  sou  of  William  B. 
and  Eliza  (Lightcap)  Mullin,  and  is  third  in  a  family  of  eight  children— five  of  whom  are 
still  living.  Our  subject  attended  school  at  Mount  Holly  Springs  until  he  was  sixteen, 
when  he  entered  Dickinson  College,  Carlisle.  Penn.,  where  he  graduated  in  his  twenty- 
first  year.  He  then  accepted  the  position  of  principal  of  the  Cumberland  Valley  Institute 
(1858-60);  was  principal  of  Dickinson  College  grammar  school  from  I860  to  1862,  and  then 
went  into  the  paper  manufacturing  business  with  his  father,  in  which  he  still  continues. 
Mr.  Mullin  was  married,  in  1869,  to  Martha  E.,  daughter  of  John  S.  Sterrett,  and  a  native 
of  Pennsylvania,  her  parents  having  been  among  the  pioneers  of  the  State.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Mullin  have  three  children:  Lillian  Sterrett.  Charles  L.  and  John  Sterrett.  Mrs.  Mullin 
is  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  In  politics  Mr.  Mullin  was  formerly  a  Repub- 
lican, but  now  casts  his  vote  with  the  Prohibition  party.  He  was  a  member  of  the  town 
council,  and  is  now  of  the  school  board.  In  1876  he  was  a  candidate  for  State  Senator  on 
the  Republican  ticket,  and,  though  defeated,  ran  1,000  ahead  of  his  ticket.  Athough  not 
an  office  seeker  he  is  now  (1886)  a  candidate  for  the  Legislature  on  the  Prohibition  ticket. 

JACOB  NOFFSINGKR,  farmer  and  stock-grower.  Mount  Holly  Springs,  was  born  in 
Berks  County,  Penn.,  May  24,  1834,  son  of  Jacob  and  Catherine  (Stahl)  Noffsinger,  natives 
of  Pennsylvania,  and  of  German  and  English  origin,  who  came  to  Cumberland  County 
soon  after  their  marriage,  and  settled  on  a  farm  in  South  Middleton  Township.  Their 
family  consisted  of  seven  children,  Jacob  being  the  third  born  and  the  only  member  of  the 


SOUTH    MIDDLETON  TOWNSHIP.  558 

family  residing  In  Cumberland  County.    Our  subject  attended  the  Bchools  in  this  town- 
ship; chose  the  occupation  of  his  father  (farming),  and  is  the  owner  of  the  farm  where  he 
n, .«  resides.     Be  was  united  in  marriage,  in  1859,  «  ith  Annie  E.,  daughter  of  Thomas  and 
Bradley,  the  former  of  whom  was  of  Scotch-Irish  origin,  the  latter  a  native 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Noffsinger  are  parents  of  two  children:  Emma  C.  and  Anna 
■    are  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church.     Politically  Mr.  Noffsinger  is  a 
Republican      He  is  a  memberof  Ihe  A   (>   I"    \\  ..  and  lias  been  through  the  subordinate 
f  the  1   0  0   F      Mrs.  Noffsinger's  ancestors  were  Dunkards,  and  were  prominent 
irch     infacl  were  the  originators  and  organizers  of  that 

SIMPSON  OTT,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  P.O.  Carlisle,  was  born  in  Southampton 
Township,  near  Shippensburg,- this  county,  in  September,  1840;  son  of  Jacob  and  Susan 
rii:  ol  German  and  English  origin,  and  who  reared  a  family  of  eleven  chir- 
i  »ur  subject,  tin  second  born,  was  reared  on  his  father's  farm,  receiving  a  common 
srh,  m>I  education  in  South  Middleton  Township.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  he  commenced 
tiie  blacksmith's  trade,  serving  a  regular  apprenticeship  of  three  years,  lie  was  married, 
in  1868,  to  Man  daughter  of  Israel  Eertz  and  of  German  origin.  The  children  born  to 
this  union  are  William,  Carrie,  Florence  and  James.  .Mr.  and  .Mrs. (lit  are  members  of 
i  i    i.'  angelii  ai  Association,  in  »  hich  he  has  been  Sabbath  school  superintendent  and  is 

hool  teacher,      He  has  been    a  School    director  for  years.      Politically  lie  is 

ft  Democrat.     Mr.  Otthas  been  successfully  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits  since  1862, 

and  U  owner  of  a  farm  of  fort)   i  ighl  aires  near  Carlisle,  on  which  he  now  resides. 

GEORGE   OTTO,  farmer  and  stock  raiser.   1'.  O.  Boiling  Springs,  was  horn  at  Car- 
lisle, Cumberland  Co.,  Penn.,    March  11.   1822,  son  of  John  and  Susannah  (Smith)  Otto. 
natives  ol  Pennsylvania  and  of  German  descent;  former  a  blacksmith  by  trade.   They  reared 
a  family  of  seven  children.     John  Otto  was  a  soldier  in  the  war  of  ISIS,  going  front  Car 
lisle  in  1818,  and  his  son,  John,  was  in  the  late  war,  enlisting  in  18til  and  serving  three 
years.    George,  the  second  born,  attended  the  common  school  in  Carlisle,  Penn..  and  at 
,     commenced  to  work  on  the  farm,  and  has  made  agriculture  the  busi- 
In  early  life  he  frequently  worked  as   a  farm-hand  for  40  cents  per  day, 
and  also  for  (5  per  month,  hut.  by  industry  and  economy  he  has  succeeded  in  accumulat- 
ing a  handsome  fortune,  being    now  the  owner  of  260  acres  of  land.     He  was  married, 
November   1'.',    is.iii,    to  Henrietta,    daughter  of  Adam  Bilner,   and  of  German  descent. 
iave  five  children  living:  AJphusS.,  a  farmer:    Charles  W.,  a  farmer  and  school- 
in   taught  school  fifteen  years):  Lewis  C,  who  istcaching  school;  Anna  Maria  and 
B.     In  politics  Mr.  Otto  is  a  Democrat:  has  served  as  school  director.     He  is  a 
member  of  the  society  of  American  Mechanics,  the  K.  of  P.,  I.  O.  O.  P.,  and  is  a  F.  &  A.  M. 
VIlKAM   PHILLIPS,   retired  farmer,   P.  O.  Carlisle,  was  born  in  Carlisle,  Cumber- 
oi..  son  of  Patrick  and  Catharine  (Williams)  Phillips,  natives   of  Ireland. 
Patrick  Phillips  emigrated  from  his  native  country  to  America  when  he  was  sixteen  years 
old,    chose    Farming  as  an  occupation,  and  in  lSOii  received  his  naturalization  papers  at 
Carlisle,  where  lie  had  settled,  and  the  house   which  he  built    in  1812  is  still  standing.      He 
in  essfnl  business  man.  and  at  the  lime  of  his  death,  in  1849,  owned  a  well  improved 

farm.    Abram  and  his  sister  Martha  where  the  only  children  born  to  their  parents.    Our 

ired  on  the  farm,  acquired  a  common  school  education,  and  has  made  agri- 
culture his  principal  occupation,  lie  is  owner  of  the  I00  acres  of  land  where  he  now  re- 
side,, fn  politics  our  subject  is  a  Democrat.  He  holds  to  the  religion  of  his  father 
olic),  and  is  a  good  neighbor  and  respected  citizen.  Mr.  Phillips  and  his 
sister  an  both  single,  and  reside  together  on  the  farm. 

1>.  8.  RICE,  farmer  and  Stock-grower,  P.  O.  Barnitz,  was  born  in  Adams  County, 
Penn.,  January  5,  1886,  son  of  Peter  and  Elizabeth  (Plank)  Rice,  natives  of  Pennsylvania 
and  of  German  origin.  Our  subject's  paternal  grandmother  was  born  on  the  ocean  while 
her  pan-Ms  were  coming  to  America  from  Germany.  His  paternal  grandfather  was  a  sol- 
dier in  i.  inarywar.  Peter  Rice,  who  was  a  farmer  by  occupation,  was  twice 
married  and  had  four  children  by  his  first  wife  and  eight  by  his  second  (of  the  latter  Da- 
vid S.  is  the  third  born).  Our  subject  was  reared  on  a  farm  in  his  native  county,  re- 
ceiving a  common  school  education.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  commenced  to  learn  the 
blacksmith's  trade,  which  he  followed  until  1862,  when  he  enlisted  in  Company  F,  Fif- 
teenth   !'  Cavalry,  Served   as  a    none,, i  i  r,  and  was  honorably 

discharged  at  expiration  of  term  oi  service  Since  the  war  Mr.  Pice  lias  devoted  hi-  whole 
!  attention  to  farming  and  stock-raising,  and  is  owner  of  96  acres  of  land  on  which 
he  now  resides,  lie  was  married,  in  1865,  to  Mary  C.  daughter  of  Benjamin  Rover,  a 
Ser  parents  were  natives  of  Pennsylvania  and  of  German  origin.  The  children 
born  to  this  union  are  Benjamin  Elmer,  Knima  Eva  Alma,  Seth  Edwin  and  Robert.  Mrs. 
Rice  i-  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  ( lunch.     In  politics  Mr.  Mice  is  a  Republican. 

DANIEL  RUDT,  fanner  and  proprietor  of  the  Sunny  side  Dairy,  P.  0.  Carlisle,  was 
born  in  Dauphin  County,  Penn.,  December  s,  is37,  son  of  Jonas  and  Prances  (Hoffman) 

Rndy,  natives   Of    Pennsylvania  and   of  German   origin,  and  who    reared  a  family  of  nine 
children,  of  whom  Daniel  is  the  third  born.    Four  of  the  sons— Joseph.  Levi,  Jonas  and 


560  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

Frederick— served  in  the  late  war  of  the  Rebellion,  and  all  returned  home  but  Joseph,  who 
died  at  Andersonville, after  an  incarceration  of  one  year  and  five  days,  in  rebel  prisons.  Our 
subject  was  reared  on  his  father's  farm  and,  with  his  parents,  moved  to  South  Muldleton, 
Township  inl838.  He  acquired  a  common  school  education  in  his  native  county,  and  at  the 
age  of  twenty-two,  attended  the  Slate  Normal  School.  He  then  commenced  to  teach,  with 
the  intention  of  following  the  profession,  but,  at  I  he  expiration  of  four  years,  his  father  died 
(in  1861),  and,  being  appointed  administrator  to  the  estate,  he  came  home  and  took  charge 
of  the  farm.  Mr.  Rudy  is  owner  of  103  acres  of  well  improved  laud,  and  has  operated  the 
Sunnyside  Dairy  since  1878,  keeping  from  fifteen  to  twenty  cows.  In  1871  he  married 
Elizabeth  Ernest,  of  German  descent,  daughter  of  Jacob  and  Sarah  Ann  (Batterman) 
Ernest,  and  their  living  childreu  are  William  Jonas.  Jacob  E.  and  Sallie  A.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Rudy  are  members  of  the  Reformed  Church.  He  has  held  most  of  the  township  offices. 
SAMUEL  SCHELL,  carpenter,  P.  O.  Boiling  Springs,  was  born  in  York  County, 
Penn.,  July  9,  1830,  son  of  Andrew  and  Anna  Mary  (Koontz)  Schell,  natives  of  Lancaster 
County  Penn.,  and  of  German  origin  (his  father  was  a  carpenter  and  contractor  by  occu- 
pation). Andrew  Schell  and  wife  had  a  family  of  ten  children,  and  of  their  six  sons  hve 
were  carpenters  and  the  other  a  farmer.  Our  subject,  who  received  his  education  in  the 
common  school,  early  learned  the  carpenter's  trade  with  his  brother,  he  being  the  young- 
est son.  and  has  made  that  the  principal  business  of  his  life.  He  was  married,  in  18o5,  to 
Mary  Magdalena.  daughter  of  Jacob  and  Mary  (Givler)  High,  who  were  also  of  German 
origin.  Her  father  was  a  doctor.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Schell  have  two  children:  Adella,  wife 
of  Lewis  Zeigler,  of  Pittsburgh,  Penn.,  and  Jacob  Franklin,  who  was  born  in  York 
County,  Penn..  August  30,  1858.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  entered  the  Naval  Academy  as 
cadet  in  the  engineer  corps  at  Annapolis,  Md.,  and  thence  graduated  in  1878,  and  was 
then  sent  to  sea  and  sailed  in  the  ship  which  conveyed  Gen.  Grant  in  his  trip  around  the 
world.  At  present  Jacob  F.  Schell  is  instructor  in  the  engineer  department  of  the 
Naval  Academy,  Annapolis,  Md.  Mr.  Schell  and  wife  are  members  of  the  United  Brethren 
Church.     Politically  he  is  a  Democrat. 

WILLIAM  SENSEMAN.  miller  and  dealer  in  coal.  Boiling  Springs,  was  born  in 
Cumberland  County,  Penn.,  September  20,  1837,  son  of  Samuel  and  Elizabeth  (Haines) 
Senseman  natives  of  Lancaster  County,  Penn.,  of  German  origin.  Samuel  Senseman,  a 
carpenter  in  early  life  but  in  later  years  a  farmer,  came  to  this  county  at  an  early  date, 
and  sealed  in  Silver  Spring  Township.  William  Senseman,  the  ninth  born  in  a  family  ot 
ten  children,  lived  on  the  farm  and  acquired  a  common  school  education,  and  has  had  to 
paddle  his  own  canoe  since  he  was  fourteen  years  of  age.  When  he  reached  his  majority 
he  went  to  Illinois,  where  he  remained  three  years;  then,  in  1863,  returned  to  this  county. 
He  was  married,  in  1865,  to  Hattie,  daughter  of  Benjamin  Shuh,  and  of  German  origin. 
In  1878  Mr.  Senseman  embarked  in  milling,  which  he  continued  for  two  years.  From  1880 
to  1884  he  dealt  in  horses  in  company  with  A.  R.  May.  In  1884  he  again  leased  the  mill 
at  Boiling  Springs,  and  has  since  conducted  his  present  business.  Mrs.  Senseman  is  a 
member  of  the  Lutheran  Church.  Our  subject  and  wife  have  reared  two  orphans,  giving 
them  good  educational  advantages:  John  Cunningham,  unmarried,  and  residing  at 
Teoumseh,  Neb.,  and  Sadie  Dean,  now  wife  of  Charles  Rider.  _ 

ABRAHAM  STRICKLER,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  P.  O.  Carlisle,  was  born  in  Mid- 
dlesex Township,  Cumberland  Co.,  Penn.,  July  15,  1834,  son  of  Ulrick  and  Catharine 
<Hatzler)Strickler,  of  German  origin,  nativesof  Lancasler County,  Penn.,  and  Cumberland 
County,  Penn.,  respectively.  Our  subject,  the  eldest  of  two  children  born  to  his  parents, 
lost  his  mother  when  he  was  but  four  years  of  age.  and  his  father,  who  never  remarried, 
carried  on  the  farm  and  kept  house  with  hired  help  for  eighteen  years;  he  was  a  success- 
ful farmer  and  business  man.  and  succeeded  in  accumulating  a  goodlyshare  of  this  world  s 
goods,  and  gave  his  children  a  good  start  in  life.  He  died  in  1871.  Our  subject,  who  was 
reared  on  the  farm,  receiving  his  education  in  the  district  school,  has  made  farming  his 
principal  business,  and  has  met  with  marked  success,  being  the  owner  of  a  well  improved 
farm  of  200  acres.  Abraham  Strickler  was  married,  in  1867,  to  Barbara  Herr,  of  German 
origin,  and  a  daughter  of  Christian  Herr,  who  was  a  farmer  and  Mennonite  clergyman. 
The  children  born  to  this  union,  living,  are  Jacob  E.,  Mary  and  Emma  (twins)  and  Bar- 
bara. Mrs.  Strickler  is  a  member  of  the  Meunonite  Church.  Mr.  Strickler  is  a  Repub- 
lican in  politics.  He  takes  an  active  interest  in  educational  matters,  and  has  served  for  ten 
years  as  school  director,  and  has  been  treasurer  of  the  board. 

R.  M  STUART,  farmer  and  stock  grower,  P.  O.  Mount  Holly  Springs,  was  born  m 
South  Middleton  Township,  Cumberland  Co  .  Penn.,  October  19,  1849.  son  of  John  and 
Jemima  (McCune)  Stuart,  natives  of  Carlisle  and  Shippensburg,  Penn..  respectively. 
John  Stuart,  a  farmer  by  occupation,  was  twice  married,  and  has  five  children  now  living. 
Our  subject's  grandfather,  John  Stuart,  and  his  uncle.  Hugh  Stuart,  were  associate  judges 
of  this  county'.  R.  M.  Stuart,  the  eldest  child  by  his  father's  second  marriage,  was  reared 
on  the  farm,  receiving  his  education  in  the  common  schools  and  at  the  academy  in  Phil- 
adelphia, Penn,  where  he  graduated  in  1869.  He  was  married,  in  1870,  to  Jennie  H., 
daughter  of  William  McCune,  of  Scotch-Irish  origin,  who  was  accidently  killed  by ahe 
cars  in  1878.     To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stuart  have  been  born  the  following  named  children:  Mary 


SOUTH  MIDDLETON  TOWNSHIP.  561 

Louisa  Mima    Rosalie,  John  William,   Robert    Brace,  James  Brady  and  Frank  Hays. 
mts  are  members  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  at  Carlisle.      Mr.  Stuarl  is  a  D<  mo- 
school  director  in  the  district  where  be  now  resides. 
ier  "I  a  »  ell  improved  farm  of  1 111  acres. 
8AM1  EL  I!    SWIGERT,  superintendent  of  machinery  and  paper-maker  in   Mount 
per  Mills,  Mount  Holh  Springs   was  born  in  Cumberland  County,  Penn.,  Febru- 

arj  28,  1889,  si E  Joseph  and  Elizabeth  (Sours]  Swigert,  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  the 

former  a  butcher  by  occupation,  born  in  Lancaster,  and  the  latter  in  Cumberland  County, 
of  German  origin.    They  reared  a  famil)  of  nine  children,  Samuel  B.  being  the  second, 
edin  South  Middleton  Township,  this  county;  was  educated  at  the 
il,  and,  after  working  at  his  trade  sis  years,  engaged  with  the  Mount  Holly 
Paper  Com  pan  v.  with  whom  he  has  since  continued.     Ho  is  an  energetic  man,  the  owner 
it,  substantial  residence  in  Mount  Holly,  where  he  resides.    Our  subject  was  mar- 
ried, in   I860,  to  Anna  c  .  daughter  of  Joseph  Decker,  and  by  her  he  has  six  children: 

Minnie,  Clara,    Reed,  Annie,  Samuel  and   Benjamin  K.     Mr.  Swigert  is  a   Dei rat  in 

and  has  served  as  school  director  and  as  member  of  the  town  council.    He  is  a 
prominent  member  in  Grand  Lodge  of  the  K.  of  P.  at  Mount  Holly. 

.1.  11.  SWILER,  merchant,  proprietor  of  general  store  in  Hickorytown,  P,  O.  Car- 
lisle, «  as  horn  in  Silver  Spring  Township,  this  county,  July  'J'2.  1885,  son  of  John  and  Isa- 
bella i  Eckels)  Swiler.  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  of  English  origin,  and  who  were  the  par- 
ents of  three  sons.      In  early  life  John  Swiler  was  a  teacher,  in  later  years  he  wasa  farmer; 

he  died  in  L839.     Isabella  (Eckels)  Swiler  died  May  20,  1858,  aged  forty-seven  years  and 

twenty-eight  da\s.     Our  subject,  the  second  child,  was  reared  on  the  farm,  received  his 

niion  schools,  and  Worked  on   the   farm  until  he    was  seventeen   years 

old.  when  he  entered  a  store  at  West  Fairview.   this  county,  and  clerked  for  one  year, 
for  George  W.  Fessler.     He  then  went   to  York  County,  Penn.,  and  was  there  employed 

k.  in  all.  about  five  years.  In  1S.V.I  -till  lie  clerked  for  Joshua  Gulp  and  J.  J.  Coble, 
inHogestown,  Cumberland  Co.,  Penn.  In  1801  Mr.  Swiler  established  his  present  in- 
dustry,  and  by  strict  attention  to  business  and  honest  dealing  with  his  customers  has  suc- 
rell.  He  keeps  a  much  larger  stock  than  is  usually  carried  in  country  stores.  He 
irried,  January  9,  1861,  to  Martha  E..  daughter  of  George  Beistline.  and  of  English 
origin.  Their  children  are  Sadie  I.,  wife  of  Christian  Bricker,  and  Maggie  Florence. 
Politically  Mr.  Swiler  is  a  Democrat.  He  has  been  school  director  for  nine  years.  He  is 
a  member  of  Silver  Spring  Lodge,  No.  598,  I.  O.  O.  F. 

GEORGE  TANGER,   farmer  and  stock-grower.  P.  O.  Hatton,  was  born  in  Lancaster 
Penn  .  October  80,    1824,   son  of  John  and  Ann  (Coc.hnouer)  Tanger,  natives  of 
that  county  and  of  German  lineage,   both  born  in  the  year  1803,  former  of  whom  died  in 
i  latter  in  1876.      His  father,  who  was  a  weaver  by  trade,  died  in  1830.     Our  sub- 
-  blest  of  three  children,  acquired  his  education  in  his  native  county,  where  he 
resided  until  he  was  sixteen  years  of  age,  then  came  to  this  county  and  worked  on  a  farm 
for  40  cents  per  day.  and  in  this  way  got  a  start  in   life:  he  is  now  the  owner  of  502  acres 
of  land,  on   t  pari  of  which  lie  resides.     He  was  married,  in  1851,  to  Magdalena,  daughter 
of  Christian  llerr.  and  of  German  origin.    To  George  Tanger  and  wife  have  been  born 
twelve  children,  eleven  still  living:  Barbara,   wife  of  Daniel  B.  Iloerner;  Mary  and   Anna 
(twins),  wen-  married  the   same  day.  Mary  to  William   II.  Kcnkel,  and  Anna  to  Jacob  C. 
Baker;  J  ised);  John,  a  farmer",   married  to  Mary  C.   Carman;  Susan,   wife  of 

Jacob  M.  K   Iler;  Martha,  wife  of  John  W.  Miller;  George,  at  home;  Christian,  married  to 
Clara  K.  Qleim;  Emma  M..  Abraham  and  Harry.     Mr.  Tanger  is  a  member  of  the  Church 
v,  as  formerly  a  Republican  in  politics,  but  is  now  a  Prohibitionist. 
B.  F.  '1'IK  tMAS.  farmer  and  veterinary  surgeon,  P,  < ).  Mount  Holly  Springs,  was  born 
IS  County,  Penn..  June  30,  1882,  son  of  Conrad  (a  millwright   and   carpenter)   and 
Marv  (Irvin)  Thomas,  the  former  of  whom,  born  June  14.  1800,  lived  to  be  seventy-five 
■  d;  the  latter,  born  June  7.  1804,  is  still  living;  they  were  natives  of  Pennsylvania 
and  of  English  and  i  lerman  origin.     Our  subject,  the  fourth  in  a  family  of  eight  children, 
received  his  education  in  the  district  schools  of  his  native  county,  and  at  twenty  was  ap- 
prenticed to  the  blacksmith's  trade,  which  has  since  been  his  principal  occupation.     He 
came  to  this  county  in  1865,  settled  in  South  Middleton  Township,  and  successfully  followed 
.    until  1884.      He  is  owner  of  the   farm  where  he  now  resides,  anil  is   at  present 
following  agricultural  pursuits.     B.  F.  Thomas  was  married,  in  1854,  to  Margaret,  daugh- 
ter of  Ferdinand  and  Eve  (Weigle)  Meals,  natives  of  Adams  County.  Penn..  and  of  Ger- 
man origin      Tie-  living  children  of  Mr.  and   Mrs.  Thomas  are   William  II..  a  blacksmith 
here;  Mary  E.,  wife  of  W.  II.  Keeny;  George   B.  McClelland.  Harvey   Edgar  and    Harry 
Meals.      Mr.    ami    Mrs.  Thomas   are   members  of    the-   Lutheran    Church.      Our    subject,    a 
Democrat  politically,  ha-  been  township  auditor,      lb-  is  a  member  of  the  I.  ().  ().  F. 

JAMES  IV  WEAKLEY  (deceased)  was  born  November  16,  1819,  in  South   Middleton 

Township,    this    county,  on    the    farm    where    hi-   died,    and    which    has   been   in    the    pos- 
sesion of  tie-  family  since  1749.     His  father,  Nathaniel  Weakley,  and  his  grandfather, 

James  Weakhy,  were    hoth    farmers.      Our  subject,  the   second    born   in   a   family  of  live 

children,  made  farming  the  business  of  his  life,  and  met  with  marked  success.     lb-  was 


562  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

married,  in  1834,  to  Martha  Eliza  Bell,  a  native  of  Adams  County,  Penn.,  of  Scotch-Irish 
origin,  and  who  died  in  1881,  leaving  an  only  child,  Martha  J.  (now  the  wife  of  Thomas 
M.  Craighead),  who  was  born  and  reared  in  this  township.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Craighead  have 
one  child,  James  Bell  Weakley  Craighead,  who  was  his  grandfather's  pet.  Mr.  Craig- 
head's ancestors  were  among  the  early  settlers  of  Pennsylvania  and  prominent  people. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Craighead  are  members  of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  Mr.  Weakley  died 
February  28,  1886,  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  in  which  he  took  an  active  in- 
terest, and  of  which,  at  the  time  of  his  death,  he  was  trustee. 

THOMAS  WOLF,  boss  in  the  finishing  department  of  the  Mount  Holly  Paper  Manu- 
facturing Company,  Mount  Holly  Springs,  was  born  in  Mount  Holly  January  3,  1848.  son 
of  George  and  Nancy  (Wolf)  Wolf.  George  Wolf  was  born  in  Germany,  and  there  married 
his  first  wife;  his  second  wife(our  subject's  mother)  was  born  in  Cumberland  County,  Penn., 
and  was  of  English  origin.  George  Wolf  was  a  millwright  by  trade,  and,  after  coming  to 
America,  worked  considerably  at  his  trade  in  Cumberland  County,  and  also  for  the  Mount 
Holly  Paper  Company.  Our  subject,  the  eldest  of  a  family  of  three  children,  received  his 
education  in  his  native  place,  and  in  early  life  commenced  work  in  the  finishing  department 
in  the  Mount  Holly  Paper  Mills,  and,  with  the  exception  of  two  years  that  he  spent  in 
Massachusetts,  engaged  in  same  kind  of  work,  he  has  since  beeu  constantly  employed 
there,  and  now  has  full  charge  of  the  finishing  room.  Thomas  Wolf  was  married,  in  1869 
to  Annie  M,  daughter  of  Isaac  and  Susan  (Sheffler)  Fleming,  and  of  English  descent.  The 
children  born  to  this  union  are  Grace  A.,  Mary  and  George  R.  Mrs.  Wolf  is  a  member  of 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  Politically  Mr.  Wolf  is  a  Democrat.  He  is  a  member 
of  Mount  Holly  Lodge,  No.  650,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  a  member  of  Holly  Gap  Lodge,  No.  277, 
K.  of,  P. 


CHAPTER  LIX. 

UPPER  ALLEN  TOWNSHIP. 

JOSEPH  R.  BALSLEY,  farmer,  P.  O.  Mechanicsburg,  a  native  of  this  county,  is  a 
son  of  George  Balsley,  who  was  born  in  Harrisburg,  Penn.,  in  1806.  and  came  to  this 
county  in  1812.  The  father  of  George  Balsley  died  when  the  children  were  quite  young, 
so  he  was  early  forced  to  earn  his  own  living.  As  he  grew  older  he  worked  on  a  farm  for 
two  brothers  named  Long,  taking  his  wages  out  in  flour,  which  he  carried  to  his  mother, 
who  kept  a  little  bakery  in  Harrisburg,  thus  enabling  her  to  maintain  herself  and  chil- 
dren. Her  maiden  name  was  Elizabeth  Atick.  From  this  period  in  his  life  George  Balsley 
gradually  accumulated  and  stored  his  earnings  until  his  first  purchase  of  land,  about  1843. 
He  learned  the  trade  of  coach  and  wagon-making  with  George  Drawbaugh,  in  Frankford 
Township,  this  county,  and  after  his  apprenticeship  was  ended  established  a  manufactory 
of  hisown  at  Milltown,  Lower  Allen  Township,  later,  he  purchased  land  on  Cedar  Springs 
Run,  near  Milltown,  erecting  a  large  manufactory,  and  had  an  extensive  trade. 
George  Balsley  married  Miss  Margaret  Ressler,  and  reared  a  family  of  three  children: 
Catharine,  Marian  and  Joseph  (Elizabeth  died  in  infancy).  Catharine  became  the  wife  of 
John  Hickernell.  of  this  county;  Marian  is  the  wife  of  William  Westhafer;  Joseph  enlisted 
in  Company  D, Twentieth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  June  23,  1863.  and,  although  not  partici- 
pating in  any  of  the  great  battles,  was  in  a  division  that  guarded  outposts,  acted  as  scouts, 
and  did  other  duties  equally  arduous,  as  will  be  seen  by  the  records  of  the  Virginia  cam- 
paign. After  his  term  had  expired,  Mr.  Balsley  returned  to  Cumberland  County.  In  1866 
he  was  married  to  Miss  Mary  M.,  daughter  of 'John  and  Anna  (Stambaugh)  Gleim.  Her 
parents,  for  sixty  years  prior  to  her  marriage,  have  been  residents  of  this  county,  and  reared 
a  large  family  of  children,  nine  of  whom  still  survive.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Balsley  have  resided 
on  the  farm  which  has  been  under  his  management  for  seventeen  years.  He  is  a  large  ship- 
per of  stock,  and  has  done  extremely  well,  being  a  careful  buyerof  cattle,  sheep  and  hogs. 
Of  the  children  of  Joseph  R.  Balsley  and  wife.  Annie,  the  eldest  daughter,  was  born  at 
the  Balsley  homestead,  now  the  Hartzler  property.  August  22.  1867;  was  married  Decem- 
ber 19,  1884,  to  W.  Harlacher,  a  York  County  gentleman,  well  known  as  a  commercial 
salesman;  Maggie  was  born  in  1868,  and  died  in  1871;  Lillie  was  born  in  1871;  Ella  was 
born  in  1873.  and  Edna  was  born  in  1880.  Mr.  Balsley  is  a  self-made  man,  generous,  pub- 
lic spirited,  and  foremost  in  all  that  advances  the  business  and  social  prosperity  of  the 
of  the  public. 

CHARLES  BARNES,  manufacturer.  P.  O.  Mechanicsburg.  is  the  son  of  Philip  and 
Eliza  (Thompson)  Barnes,  of  York  County,  Penn.,  descendants  of  the  first  settlers  of  that 


UPPER  ALLEN  TOWNSHIP.  563 

county.    Enocli  Thompson,  grandfather  of  our  subject,  served  as  a  soldier  in  the 
1813  ",  i .  ■  which  he  was  a  member,  after  enlistment,  marched  from    York  to 

Baltimore  He  served  during  the  entire  war,  and  was  a  pensioner  in  the  latteryears  oi 
his  life- his  wife  Catharine,  was  the  mother  oE  a  large  family,  and  died  al  ao  advanced 
age  William  Barnes,  the  paternal  grandfather  of  Charles,  wasjnarried  to  Mary  Whil 
come  of  York  County,  and  also  had  a  large  family,  of  whom  Philip,  the  youngest,  by 
trad.-  a  tanner,  was  the  father  of  our  Bubject.     Philip  and  Eliza  Hani.-  had  ten  children: 

ler,  Catharine,  Albert,  Elizabeth,  William,  Amanda  Charles,  Jennie,  Margaretand 
Frank  Of  these  Alexander  was  the  firsl  man  to  enlisl  from  Warrington  Township,  serv 
big  until  the  war  closed;  Albert,  who  also  enlisted  early  in  the  campaign,  was  killed  by 
guerrillas  while  skirmishing  in  Virginia;  William  also  served  until  the  war  closed.  Charles 
Barnes  oursubject,  was  born  February  80,  1850,  in  York  County,  Penn.,  andwasappren- 

.  li  am  the  whip  trade.  He  served  his  apprenticeship,  and  continued  ten  yearslonger 
with  the  firm  of  A.  &  J.  B.  Wells.  July  81,  1870,  our  subjecl  was  married  to  Miss  Mary 
E  Burn-,  daughter  of  William  and  Evaline  Burns,  of  Warrington  Township,  York  Co., 
Penn  ,  and  to  this  union  were  born  two  children:  Clara  M  and  Harry.  Three  years  after 
Mr.  Barnes  came  to  Mechanicsburg  and  established  a  small  business,  manufac- 
turing whips  "ii  a  $25  capital.      He  hired  one  man.  ami  when  a  small  lol  of  whips  was  fin- 

ished.  peddled  them  through  the  country.  During  his  first  year  he  used  only  250sides  of 
leather,  now  he  averages  2,000  per  annum.    The  goods  manufactured  are  solid  leather 

whips,  and  bis  is  the  only  industry  of  the  kind  in  the  State.     He  has  1 n  very  successful 

and  now  owns  an  attractive  residence,  besides  his  manufactory,  which  is  run  by  steam,  and 
fumishi  i  for  twelve  hands. 

.1  VO  Ml  l'.(  AVMAX.  farmer,  P.  O.  Bowmansdale.  was  born  in  Lancaster  County,  I  enn., 

in-  widowed  mother.  Margaret  (Barkey)  Bowman,  came  to  Cumberland  County 

owing     year;    she    subsequently   married   Or.    Jacob     Bowman,    of    Lancaster 

County,  and  after  his  death  eame  to  Mechanicsburg,  anil  afterward  married    John  Karns, 

by  whom  she  had  eight  children,  our  subject  learned  the  blacksmith's  trade  with  David 
Bponsler,  Sr.,  completing  same  in  1820.  In  1842  Jacob  Bowman  was  elected  captain  of 
Bburg  Volunteer  Infantry.  Another  company  was  formed  in  1849,  known  as  the 
,  m  Guards,"  which  was  attached  to  the  First  Battalion.  Cumberland  County  Vol- 
unteer Infantry  The  captain  received  a  major's  commission,  bearing  the  signature  of 
William  F  Johnston,  governor  of  Pennsylvania.     The  next  official  recognitio 

wman  was  his  election  as  Bheriff  of  Cumberland  County.     His  commission  bears 

::,  1855,  andthe  autograph  of  Gov.  James  Pollock.     After  serving  his  term 

faithfully  and  well.  Sheriff  Bowman  was  again  elected  to  a  military  position  as  captain  of 

tiojl  d  Blues,"  a  volunteer  company  formed  at  Mechanicsburg  April  17,  1M59.     He 

was  the  i.e-i  drill  master  in  this  region,  as  i-  attested  by  his  numerous  commissions.    No 

braver,  better,  or  more  patriotic  man  ever  graced  the  soil  of  Cumberland  County.    For  seven 

years  Jacob  Bowman  was  one  of  the  directors  of  the  llarrishurg  &  Potomac  Railroad.  He 
has  built  a  tine  warehouse,  and  has  done  much  to  further  the  interests  of  the  Village  of 
by  liberal  subscriptions  of  money  and  donation  of  valuable  time.  As  a 
public-spirited  Citizen,  ex  Sheriff  Bowman  has  lew  equals  and  no  superiors  in  this  county. 
lb-  v.  a-  married,  in  1848,  to  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Jacob  and  Nancy  (Haymaher)  Reeser, 
and  to  this  union  were  born  nine  children:  Alfred,  Annie   Elizabeth,  Sarah,  Laura.  Alice, 

Clara.  William  P.  and  Raymond.      Mr.  Bowman   is  the  second   oldest    e\  sheriff    living  ill 

the  county,  and  i-  highly  revered  and  universally  beloved  by  her  people. 

DAVID    BOWMAN,    farmer.   P.  O.  Mechanicsburg,   is  a  son    of    Daniel   and  Mary 
Bowman,  who  were  long  residents  id'  Pennsylvania;  Daniel  being  bom  in  Lancas 

iiiv.  and  his  wife  in  Germany,  from  which  country  she  came  with  her  father  and 
Step-mother  at  an  early  day.  After  their  marriage  Daniel  Bowman  and  his  wile  settled 
near  Lancaster,  in    Lan  I       mty,   Penn.,  but    ten    years   later   moved    to  Cumberland 

County,  and  settled  four  mill's  southeast  of  Carlisle,  and  here  two  , laughters.  Ann  and 
Mary,  were  born  I  Benjamin,  David  and  Abraham  were  bom  in  Lancaster  County).  The 
family  subsequently  moved  to  York  County,  just  across  the  line,  and  there  the  parents 

lived 'anil  died  rge    family,  of  whom   Mrs.  Annie  Weaver.  Mrs.  Mary    Mobler, 

Daniel  and  David  are  yel   residents  of  the  county.     David  Bowman 
19   1865,  Miss  Rebecca  Miller,  who  was  born  in  this  township,  on  the 
,     Israel  Miller      Her  parents,  Peter  and  Catharine  (Weltmer)  Miller, 
came  to  the  county  in  1888.    They  had  seven  children:    Elizabeth,  Susan,  Daniel.  Mary, 
[srael  tin  a  former  marriage  with  Elizabeth  Weltmer.  Peter  Miller  had 
throe  cl  ■  "d  Abraham).     Our  Bubjecl  enlisted  in  Company  K, 

Ninth  Regimen!  [owa  Volunteer  Infantry,  September  2,  1861;  participated  in  twenty-three 
imong  which  tattles  of  Lookout  Mountain,   Missionary  Ridge, 

Jackson,  Atlanta  and  Raleigh.  In  the--  battles  he  iwer  received  a  scratch,  and.  for 
induct,  was  promoted  from  the  ranks  to  first  lieutenant  of  the  company  in 
January,  1868,  and  served  faithfully  until  mustered  oul  July  is,  1865.  Mr  and  Mrs.  Bow- 
man's only  child,  Frank,  v.  ierll,  1866  and  will  complete  his  education  soon, 
and  lie  follow  in  the  footsteps  of  hi-  father  as  an  agriculturist.  In  1871  Mr. 
Bowman  purchased  his  farm  of  fifty-three  acres  in  this  tow  aship. 


564  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

HENRY  M.  COCKLIN,  retired,  P.  O.  Bowmansdale.  In  1772  Jacob  Cocklin  came  to 
Cumberland  County,  Penn.,  and  purchased  the  Spring  Dale  farm.  Previous  to  his  settle- 
ment here,  however,  he  had  been  a  resident  of  Lancaster  County,  Penn.,  going  there  from 
Germany  in  1733.  He  had  two  suns  (Jacob  and  David)  and  two  daughters.  Jacob  Cock- 
lin, Jr.,  was  the  father  of  Michael,  Jacob,  David,  Catharine,  Margaret,  Mary  and  Chris- 
tiana (his  wife  was  Margaret  Hoover,  of  Lancaster  County,  Penn.).  Michael,  the  eldest  son 
of  Jacob,  Jr..  and  Margaret  (Hoover)  Cocklin,  rose  to  great  prominence  in  the  history  of 
this  county,  by  reason  of  his  erudition  and  merit.  Reared  on  a  farm,  with  but  the  limited 
facilities  for  obtaining  an  education  in  the  district  schools,  it  is  indeed  remarkable  that 
this  man  should  become  so  noted  and  gain  such  a  reputation  among  the  people  of  his 
county  and  State  for  his  wisdom,  honor  and  public  spirit.  He  was  not  married  until  his 
thirty-third- year,  engaging  in  farming  until  that  event.  His  marriage  with  Elizabeth 
Hopple  was  celebrated  in  1828,  and  their  housekeeping  was  commenced  on  the  Spring 
Dale  farm,  which  he  then  owned.  Five  children  were  born  on  the  homestead  which  had 
been  so  long  in  the  possession  of  their  ancestors,  viz.:  George,  Mary,  Henry  M..  Andrew 
J.  and  Sarah  E.  In  1832  Michael  Cocklin  was  elected  a  member  of  the  General  Assembly, 
and  in  1834  was  re-elected  Having  long  noted  the  inefficiency  of  the  school  system  then 
in  vogue,  he,  with  other  members  of  the  Assembly,  promulgated  a  plan  which  was  carried 
into  successful  operation,  and  the  creation  of  a  free  school  system  was  the  result.  After 
his  second  official  term  had  expired  he  resumed  farm  life.  Twenty-two  years  later,  and 
much  against  his  desire,  the  people  of  Cumberland  County  nominated  and  elected  him 
associate  judge  (in  1856),  which  position  he  so  satisfactorily  filled  that  he  was  again  elect- 
ed in  1861,  and  served  another  term  of  five  years  with  equal  honor  to  himself  and  his  con- 
stituents. The  position  was  again  tendered  him,  but  was  firmly  refused,  as  his  business 
affairs  demanded  his  entire  attention.  Retiring  from  the  bench  at  the  age  of  seventy-one 
years  with  an  unimpeachable  record.  Judge  Cocklin  found  the  old  home  farm  a  haven  of 
refuge  and  rest  from  the  cares  and  annoyances  of  public  life.  He  was  always  an  indefati- 
gable worker,  and  was  administrator  of  many  valuable  estates.  The  management  of  the 
farm  was  given  to  his  son  Henry  at  the  time  he  was  elected  judge,  and  this  continued  un- 
til 1884.  In  1879  the  death  of  Judge  Michael  Cocklin  occurred,  and  his  remains  were  in- 
terred with  due  solemnity  in  the  cemetery  near  the  Union  Church.  His  aged  widow  still 
resides  on  the  old  homestead  with  her  daughter,  Mrs.  Sarah  E.  Crist.  Henry  M.  Cocklin, 
our  subject,  was  married,  in  1857,  to  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  George  and  Elizabeth  (Line- 
bach)  Himes.  To  this  union  were  born  six  children:  George  M.,  Clara  A.,  Mary  J..  Emma 
E.,  Andrew  R.  and  William  H.  Mrs.  Cocklin  died  in  1869,  and  in  1870  Mr.  Cocklin  was 
married  to  Mrs.  Caroline  F.  (Gardiner)  Cocklin,  widow  of  Andrew  J.  Cocklin,  by  whom 
she  had  three  children:  Adda  I.,  Michael  G.  and  Lura  M.  By  Mr.  Cocklin's  second  mar- 
riage he  has  one  child — Nevin  Harbaugh.  All  the  children  reside  in  this  county;  the 
three  ctnldreu  by  Mrs.  Cocklin's  first  marriage  residing  in  a  home  by  themselves  at  Me- 
chanicsburg.  Our  subject  has  been  an  active  agriculturist  for  many  years,  and  is  one  of 
the  originators  and  charter  members  of  the  Grange  movement  in  this  county.  Naturally 
of  a  retiring  disposition  he  has  persistently  refused  the  official  honors  which  have  been  fre- 
quently offered  him,  and  only  by  great  persuasion  was  he  induced  to  become  a  trustee  of 
the  theological  seminary  of  the  Reformed  Church,  located  at  Lancaster. 

JACOB  C.  COCKLIN,  farmer,  Shepherdstown,  is  one  of  the  few  persons  in  this  town- 
ship who  have  in  their  possession  the  original  title  deeds  bearing  the  signature  of  John, 
Thomas  and  William  Penn.  In  the  document  in  Mr.  Cocklin's  possession,  it  is  stated  that 
the  transfer  of  249  acres  was  first  made  to  Andrew  Miller  for  the  sum  of  £38  12s.  This 
transfer  was  made  January  14,  1742.  The  property  first  came  into  the  possession  of  John 
Cocktin  in  1763.  At  the  death  of  John  Cocklin  the  farm  was  willed  to  Deterich  Cocklin, 
his  son,  who  married  Catharine  Coover,  and  had  five  children,  of  whom  Samuel.  Maria 
and  Jacob  C.  are  now  living.  There  were  only  a  few  acres  cleared  of  the  original  tract 
purchased  from  William  Penn.  and  where  the  cemetery  is  now  located  two  children  were 
buried.  All  the  forests  have  since  been  cleared  away,  and  the  beautiful  farm  in  the  valley 
was  made  so  by  the  hard  toil  of  generations  of  Coeklins  now  passed  away.  Jacob  O.  the 
youngest  son  of  Deterich  and  Catharine  (Coover)  Cocklin,  has  always  been  a  farmer,  and 
resided  with  his  parents  until  their  death;  the  father  died  in  1846  and  the  mother  in  1861, 
both  living  long  enough  to  reap  the  reward  of  their  early  labors,  and  died  full  of  years  and 
good  deeds.  Jacob  C.  Cocklin  was  married.  May  31,  1846.  to  Elizabeth,  daughter  of 
David  and  Elizabeth  (Keller)  Nisewanger.  They  commenced  housekeeping  on  the  farm 
so  long  in  the  possession  of  the  Coeklins,  and  have,  from  their  earliest  married  life,  been 
both  prosperous  and  contented.  They  are  the  parents  of  five  children,  of  whom  Kate, 
John,  Edward  and  Lizzie  are  living.  John  is  married  to  Agnes  Trimble, Edward  married 
Hettie  Myers,  and  Lizzie  is  the  wife  of  John  Zcamer.  The  old  home  is  one  of  the  most 
cheerful  in  the  valley,  and  the  family  rank  among  the  best  and  most  highly  respected  in 
the  land.  Mr.  Cocklin  has  always  been  noted  for  his  enterprise,  and  his  children  may  feel 
pardonable  pride  in  not  only  his  good  record  but  also  that  of  past  generations  of  Coeklins. 
JACOB  H.  COOVER.  retired  farmer,  Shepherdstown.  For  more  than  a  century  the 
name  of  Coover  has  been  familiar  in  this  county.    The  great-great-grandfather  came  from 


UPPER    Al.l.bN  TOWNSHIP. 


565 


rllllli'il  I'll'  sirun    S •  i >  •  • ' i    »u»»iiu"    ""    »•> i-  ;    —"-'.-, 

wild  waste  of  land,  tor  the  pioneer's  ax  had  made  bul   few  inroads  in  the  great  I 
,donh  lo  ere  to  be  aeen,  few  and  far  between.     Dedench  Coover,  Jr.,  married 

o  bore  lui n  seven  children:    John  B.,  David,  Jacob  II.,  William 

■       .    .  .  ,    .  1      !  .  .        .  .        1        ,»...,.,.  I  ,,.,,-...,  t  .>         t  .1  til  I  I  \-      /'i>IWKll>[  lit 


Jllltl   I 

incea  and  Catharine,  our  subject's  paternal  grandparents  family  consisted  ol 
seven  sons  and  three  daughters,  all  of  whom  wen-  born  in  this  township,  and  which,  an  to 
date  (18851  has n  the  birthplace  of  five  generations  of  Coovers.  [he  i le  was  origi- 
nally spelled  Kobar,  bul  Later  was  written  and  used  by  the  descendants  "Coover.  Dedench 
Coover  Jr    was  a  pro  ninent  personage  in  the  county  at  an  early  date,  being  n nl.\   a 

ner  and  land  owner,  inn  also  a  distiller.    He  operated  a  still  where  Ira  D.  <  oover 

DO*   lives    nearly  B  Century  ago,  and.  later,  one  where  his  son  \\  illiam  now  resides;  a  part 

,,,  the  latter  building  is  still  standing  lie  was  an  active  man,  both  in  business  and  poli- 
,-,,.,  was  an  old  line  W  his  ol  the  strictest  type,  and  during  the  career  of  that  party  tiled 
a  number  of  offices  in  the  township.    Conscientious  in  all  things,  strictly  honest  and  a 

ring  man.  he  possessed greal  popularity  among  the  people.     Jacob  11.  (.oover.  our 
subject   was  born  within  one  mile  of  where  he  is  now  living,  February  8,  1808;  early  at- 
tended Si  hool,  and  acquired  an  excellent  education.      His  first   schooling  was  obtained  on 
the  Ira  ('..over  farm,  in  a  house  furnished   for  school  purposes  by  his  father.      He  taught 
• .en  vears  prior  to  his  marriage,  and  several  terms  afterward.    March  I,  i»do, 

OUrsubied  married  Kaohael,  daughter  of  Jacob  and  Elizabeth  St  rock,  of  Churclitowii. 
and  commenced  housekeeping  on  the  farm  which  he  had  previously  purchased,  and  which 
is  still  in  his  possession,  and  there  resided  until  within  the  past  four  years.  Here  were  born 
Emma  Elmira  E.,  Catharine,  Mary,  Clara  and  John  A.  Jacob  H.  (oover  has  been  one 
of  the  foremost  citizens  in  furthering  the  business  and  social  interests  of  the  community. 
For  more  than  forty  vears  he  has  been  one  of  the  directors,  and  for  the  past  two  years 
sidi  Dl  of  the  Allen  &  East  Pennsborough  Fire  Insurance  Company.  (Of  the  original 
hi  r— William  R.  Qorgas— is  now  living.)  He  has  settled  numerous  es- 
tates, and  has  always  been  noted  for  his  integrity  and  fairness.  To  his  children  he  Will 
leave  an  unsullied  reputation  and  a  name  ranking  among  the  oldest  in  the  county. 

\\ '11,1,1  \M  COOVER,  farmer.  P.  O.  Shepherdstown.  was  born,  in  1818,  on  the  Coover 
ad  in  this  county,  and  is  the  fourth  son  of  Deitricb  and  Catharine  (Cocklin) 
Coover.  Dederich  Coover,  the  grandfather  of  our  subject,  was  born  in  Lancaster  County, 
I'eiin  August  20,  1745;  was  a  blacksmith  by  trade;  and  in  1772  engaged  in  business  in 
Upper  \llen  Township,  and  for  many  years  did  a  large  credit  business,  as  is  attested  to  by 
the  ledger  in  possession  of  William  ('oover.  The  first  entries  in  this  book  were  made  m 
May  1772  All  the  accounts  were  closed  and  the  book  balanced  in  1791,  at  which  time  he 
was  expecting  to  reap  a  large  reward  for  his  labors,  but.  unfortunately,  he  received  his 
pay  in  Continental  money,  which  was  carefully  treasured  up  until  it  became  worthless, 
and  his  prospi  i  ts  for  a  competence  were  rudely  swept  away.  Dedench  (  oover  s  first  mar- 
riage .lune  J  1708,  was  with  Maria  Hank,  and  his  second  union.  February  12,  18,44,  was 
with  Salome  Horning,  who  lived  almosta  century.  At  the  time  of  the  Y\  hisky  Insurrec- 
tion in  Pennsylvania,  Deitricb  (William's  father)  was  working  at  the  forge  in  Ilarnsburg, 
and  ie  u  Washington,  who,  with  a  detachment  of  cavalry,  was  passing,  stopped  to  have 
some  horses  shod. 

SAMI'EI,  It.  COOVER.  postmaster.  Shepherdstown.     There  arc  numerous  men  in 

this  township  bearing  the  name  of  Coover.  but  the  branch  of  the  family  to  which  our 

subject  belongs  is  composed  of  himself  and  his  brother  George.     Of  the  remote  ancestry 

of  our  Bubject  bul  little  is  known.     His  father,  George  Coover,  was  born  m  Cumberland 

1'enn  ,  in  1808,  and  while  vet  a  young  man  learned  the  trade  of  furniture  making. 

carrying  on  a  manufactory  in   New   Kingston  for  a  long  while.     His  success  m  business 

warranted  him  in  taking  a  wife,  and.  about   1831,  be  was  married  to  Catharine  Reeser,  a 

representative  of  Ol t  the  old  families  in  this  county.     They  commenced  housekeeping 

in  New  Kingston,  and  reared  five  children:  Sarah.  Mary,  Elmira.  George  and  Samuel  K., 
all  of  whom  now  live  in  this  county,  in  1859  the  subjectof  this  sketch  was  apprenticed 
i;,o»  nwi  11,  at  Roxbury,  to  learn  the  trade  of  shoe-making,  which  he  completed. 
in  1863  he  enlisted  in  Company  D,  Twentieth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  serving  until  the  ex- 
piration of  his  lenn.  then  enlisted  for  1(10  days  in  Company  I.  One  Hundred  and  Ninety; 
fifth  Pennsylvania   Infantry;  re-enlisting  for  one  year,  at  the  expiration  ol  the   100-days 

service,  in  Company  B,  One  H lied  and  Ninety-fifth  Independenl  Battalion,   I  ennsj  i- 

vania  Volunteer  Infantry,  in  which  he  served  until  the  close  of  the  war.  He  was  en- 
gaged in  numerous  skirmishes,  but  never  wounded:  most  of  his  service  was  m  the  Vir 
impaign.  His  brother  George  was  also  a  soldier,  and  served  during  most  of  the 
war  Uter  our  subject  returned  home  he  worked  for  several  years  at  his  trade.  In  1807 
be  was  married  to  Mary  E.,  daughter  of  David  and  Mary  (Zenng)  Worst,  old  residents  of 


566  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

the  county.  Soon  after  his  marriage  Mr.  Coover  commenced  business  for  himself  in 
Shepherdstown,  and  is  now  conducting  the  only  shoe  store  in  the  village,  which  might  be 
properly  termed  the  pioneer  store.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Coover  were  born  five  children,  of 
whom  three  are  deceased,  and  two  living:  Samuel  R.,  Jr.,  and  Emma  M.  Mr.  Coover  has 
always  been  a  conservative  man  politically,  but  is  a  conscientious  Republican,  always 
voting  with  that  party.  By  reason  of  his  well-known  ability  a=  a  business  man,  he  was 
commissioned  postmaster  at  Shepherdstown  in  1870,  and  has  filled  that  position  for  fifteen 
consecutive  years.  This  office,  notwithstanding  the  change  in  governmental  policy,  re- 
mains in  his  undisturbed  possession,  which  well  bespeaks  the  confidence  of  his  political 
opponents  in  his  ability  and  fitness  for  the  position.  He  is  a  member  of  Post  No.  415,  G. 
A.  R. ;  is  a  member  of  the  United  Brethren  Church. 

SAMUEL  CRIST,  farmer,  P.  O.,  Shepherdstown.  The  voluminous  family  history  of 
the  talented  Judge  Michael  Cocklin  will  be  found  elsewhere  in  the  series  of  biographical 
sketches,  and  to  avoid  repetition  mention  is  not  here  made  of  it  in  this  connection,  except 
in  so  far  as  it  may  relate  to  bis  daughter  Sarah  E.,  the  wife  of  the  gentleman  whose  name 
heads  this  sketch.  Samuel  Crist  was  born  in  Holtswamp,  Adams  Co.,  Penn.,  May  5,  1825. 
His  parents,  Johu  and  Eve  (Strayer)  Crist,  were  natives  of  that  county,  the  mother  being 
born  near  Dover.  The  father  was  for  many  years  a  mason,  and  numerous  houses  and 
barns  in  Adams  County  yet  remain  as  monuments  of  his  skill.  The  children  of  John  and 
Eve  Crist  were  ten  in  number:  Andrew,  Elizabeth,  Sarah,  Henry,  Leigh,  Lydia,  Samuel, 
Catharine,  Susan  and  John.  Our  subject  learned  the  trades  of  mason  and  plasterer  of  his 
father,  with  whom  be  worked  until  1855.  '  In  1851  he  was  married  to  Henrietta  C,  daugh- 
ter of  Dr.  Joseph  Bauman,  of  Ephratah,  Lancaster  Co.,  Penn.,  who  for  many  years  was 
both  clerk  and  physician  at  the  Pine  Grove  Smelting  Works,  being  well  known  in  Lancas- 
ter and  Cumberland  Counties.  By  this  marriage  Mr.  Crist  was  father  of  five  children,  all 
now  deceased:  Elmira  L.,  Annie  M.,  Joseph  M.,"  Samuel  and  Clarence  May.  The  death  of 
Mrs.  Crist  occurred  March  25,  1863.  In  1866  Mr.  Crist  came  to  Mechanicsburg,  and  for 
one  year  engaged  in  the  retail  grocery  trade.  February  17,  1867,  our  subject  married 
Sarah  E.  Cocklin,  the  cermony  beiug  performed  by  the  Rev.  John  Ault,  at  the  Reformed 
Church  in  Mechanicsburg:  Soon  after  their  marriage,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Crist  went  to  the 
home  farm  of  Judge  Cocklin  in  this  township,  and  here  Mr.  Crist  was  duly  installed  as  a 
farmer.  Judge  Cocklin  and  his  wife  were  living  a  retired  life  on  the  Spring  Dale  farm, 
and  the  paternal  roof  since  then  has  given  them  sheiter.  There  the  children,  Andrew 
M.,  Caroline  E.,  Henry  D.  and  Ida  M.  were  born.  Mr.  Crist  has  for  forty  years  been  an 
active  member  of  the  Reformed  Church,  serving  it  in  various  official  capacities.  He  was 
also  engaged  in  teaching  for  eighteen  consecutive  years,  and  has  for  six  years  served  on 
the  school  board,  and  at  different  dates  has  served  as  assistant  assessor  in  his  township. 
October  16,  1863.  Mr.  Crist  was  drafted  and  served  for  nine  months  in  Company  I,  One 
Hundrectand  Sixty-sixth  Pennsylvania  Militia,  doing  duty  at  Suffolk,  Va.,  and  though  he 
engaged  in  numerous  skirmishes  escaped  the  dangers  of  the  most  memorable  battles  of 
the  war.  Our  subject  is  one  of  the  pioneer  Grangers  in  this  county,  and  is  now  a  member 
of  Monroe  Grange,  No.  362. 

HENRY  FORRY,  farmer,  P.  O.  Mechanicsburg,  was  born  in  York  County,  Penn.,  in 
1823,  and  has  been  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits  since  a  mere  lad.  His  parents,  Ulrich 
and  Susannah  (Low)  Eorry,  of  German  origin,  reared  a  family  of  three  children:  Maria, 
Elizabeth  and  Henry.  Henry  Forry  came  to  Cumberland  County  in  1871,  and,  having 
lived  near  the  line  for  twenty-six  years,  is  as  well  acquainted  with 'the  people  as  a  native. 
He  married,  in  1844,  Miss  Matilda  Shearer,  of  York  County,  and  by  her  has  three  chil- 
dren living:  George,  Henry  and  Susannah,  all  of  whom  were  bornin  York  County,  and 
are  now  married  and  doing  well.  Susannah  is  the  wife  of  Samuel  Burkheimer,  and 
resides  on  the  old  homestead,  near  her  parents.  Henry  owns  a  farm  in  York  County, 
Penn.,  and  George  follows  agriculture  near  Mechanicsburg.  Mr.  Forry  purchased  his 
present  farm  in  1870,  and  has  added  largely  to  its  improvements  as  well  as  to  the  original 
tract,  and  now  owns  100  acres  of  the  finest  land  in  the  Cumberland  Valley,  which  cost  him 
$280  per  acre.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Forry  live  quite  a  retired  life,  renting  the  farm  to  Mr.  Burk- 
heimer, the  income  maintaining  them  in  elegant  style,  and  their  last  days  are  pleasantly 
spent.  They  are  both  members  of  the  Mennonite  Church,  and  have  hosts  of  friends  who 
well  know  their  worth. 

JAMES  FULTON,  mechanic,  P.  O.  Mechanicsburg.  was  born  in  Dillsburg,  York  Co., 
Penn..  in  1832.  His  parents,  Alexander  aud  Mary  (Deardorf)  Fulton,  reared  a  family  of 
nine  children:  John,  Mary  A.,  Jane.  Thomas,  William,  Catharine,  David,  James  and  Cal- 
vin. Of  these  Thomas  was  a  Methodist  minister,  stationed  at  Sinnamahoning,  Clinton 
Co..  Penn..  and  while  in  that  wild  and  unimproved  country  induced  his  brother  David  A., 
who  was  a  carpenter,  to  join  him,  as  there  was  ureal  need  of  mechanics  to  erect  homes  for 
the  pioneers  then  rapidly  settling  in  the  neighborhood.  James,  who  was  then  fifteen,  ac- 
companied his  brother,  with  whom  he  learned  the  carpenter's  trade.  Fully  one-half  the 
distance  traveled  was  on  foot,  through  a  country  without  roads  and  very  mountainous. 
Little  thought  the  lad  that  the  uninviting  forest  to  him,  at  that  time,  would  be  his  home 
for  many  years,  but  though  his  labors  at  first  brought  him  but  a  small  income  yet  he 


UPPER  ALL  EN    TOWNSHIP.  507 

became  satisfied  with  the  wild  Life  led  in  thai  rapidly  impro  ying  country,  ^almost 
before  lie  realized  il  had  attained  his  majority  and  found  bimseli  the  husband  o1  .1  youn 

a   arc   daughte.  ofHenrj  and  Jane  (Mason    Shaffer  one  of  the  mosl  pr nent 

aSsin  ilal  region,    fier  grandfather,  Jame    Shaffer  a  Revolutionary  soldier, 

S-eda, thai ripe age  of  eightj  years     Two  years  later  James  Fulton  and  his  bre a   pur 

aract  of  land  anB  ejected  a  hotel  at  Wykoff's  Bddj  then  a  great  lumbei  cento 
,,,Pli,.  Were  brought  in  by  boats'  from  Lock  Baven  65  miles  distant.  Be 
Wm  proprietor  ot  .his  hotel  for  ten  years,  during  which  time  the  P.  &  D  Railroad 
dieted  Selling  his  hotel  property  Mr.  Pulton  again  commenced  his  trade,  con- 
UnuiM  same  until  1883,  when  he  came  10  Mechanicsburg  and  purchased  a  half  interest  in 
Miller*  King's  planing  mill.  Cn  October  of  the  following  yeai -he  disposed oi  bis  interest 
i,', I, mull  fir.  Fulton land  wife  have  seven  children:  Mary  J.,Eliza  A.,Wdham  A.,Nancj 
E  Kate  John  II  and  Alice,  the  last  two  mentioned  being  deceased.  Our  Buoject,a  sen- 
made  man,  acquired  bis  money  bj  honesl  toil  ana  good  business  management.  Becom- 
menced  working  al  hi.  trade  for  $4 per  month,  increased  the  second  year  to  f 6,  ami  the 

third   to  sis   per    month.      Be   has    accumulated   a  considerable   fortune    and   is    a    liberal, 

enterprising  nan.  Bis  pleasant  home  is  situated  near  the  borough  limits,  convenient  to 
business!  of  a  site  overlooking  the  mountain  range  and  the  beautiful  borough  of  Me- 
rhanirshur^  ^  QARRETT|  8tock  dealer.  P.  O.  Mechanicsburg.  On  what  was  formerly 
known  as  the  old  Bullinger  farm,  but  which  has  been  in  the  possession  of  the  Garrett 


land.      At  his  rleatn  tne  csiaic  was  uiviueu  a,nu,,s   ...-i    v-imu......    .'•-'•■■  .  ■ 

Andrew  A..,,  and  Busan,  of  whom  Andrew  and  Ann  are  now  living.  Frederick  garret  , 
the  father  of  our  subject,  inherited  the  homestead,  and  subsequently married  Harriet 
daughter  e-f  Abraham  and  Susan  Lobaugh,  of  Adams  County,  PW  They  commenced 
housekeeping  on  the  Reeser  farm,  but  a  few  years  later  moved  on  the  farm  where  a  son 

now  resides,  and  whirl,  was  noted  in  an  early  day  for  its  immense  cherry  orchard.  1  he. 
neighbors  from  adjoining  villages  and  the  city  of  Harrisburg  came  by  scores  to  secure  be 
lu-cious  fruit.  (This  was  before  the  farm  came  into  the  possession  of  the  Garrett*. ) 
d  his  wife  were  the  parents  of  eleven  children:  Anna,<  a  harm.-. 
William,  Susan,  Elizabeth,  Barry,  Abram  E„  Amos,  Lucy,  Margaret,  and  Emma,  of  whom 
Uuain  E.  and  Lucy  arc  the  only  ones  Uving  in  the  county.       1  he  death  ot    iredeiiek  bar 

trred  in  L873,  and  that  of  his  widow  in  1888.    Our  subject   received  a  practical 

his  district,  and  has  been  quite  a  noted  man  111  the  township 

necnent  of  his  business  life.     At  the  age  of  nineteen  years 

13!  1861,  he  clistcd  in  Company  I.  Eleventh  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  and  served 
ally  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.     He  was  engaged  m  some  ot    he  most 
Lble  battles  Of  the  war.' beginning  with   the  Seven  Days' tight.  1.1  which  the  Union 
Army  was  driven  back  from  Richmond  to  the  .lames  River;  the  battle  Of    Kelly  s  larin   111 
which   mi  men  of   hi-  regiment  were  killed  or  wounded  in  a  four  hours  skirmish:  the 
Blackwater  River,    Petersburg.  Malvern  Hill   and    Reame    Station,  where    nearly   ball   the. 
men  were  lost.      Where  the  bullets  were  thickest  there  was  found  this  brave  soldier    who 
;.,  |,ear  a  charmed  life.    Once  only  did  he  feel  a  bullet,  which  just  grazed  his  throat 
,     -ad, lie  from  a  horse  killed  by  a  shot  aimed  at  his  rider.     I  le  was  hon- 
orably disci,  ar-cl  August  •.<:;.  lsi;.|.      In  December.  IstjC,  Mr.  Garrett  was  married  to  Mary  J. 
Earns,  a    daughter   of    Henry   and   Sarah    Earns,  of  this   county,  and  who  was   born   ami 
ll  Roxbury,  her  family  being  one  of  the  old  and  prominent  ones  in  that  part  ot  tne 
county;  her  father  served  as  county  commissioner  and  in  other  official  positions,  ami  was 
nent  local  politician.     Mr.  and  Mrs.  Abram  E.  Garrett  were  parents  of  seven  chii- 

llarrv  G.,  C.  Frederick.  I, da    E.,  Andrew   K . .   bulb  E  and   Ell    M. 

The  business  life  of  our  subject   has  been  confined  to  farming  and  stock  dealing,  ana  lor 

Of  tin-  principal  shippers  at  this  point.     Ills  political  inlluence  in  the 

been  felt  for  years,  and  many  who  have  filled  official  positions  owe  tneir 

,.  magement.    Be  lias,  sine-  hi-  return  from  the  army,  been  connected 
with  the  affairs  of  his  township  in  an  official  capacity,  and  no  man  has  serve,    wiin 

eal       For  twelve  years  he  has  been  secretary  of  the  SCl 1  board,  and   has  Deep  a 

,r  in  the  schools  for  almost  twenty  years,      lie  is  a  pros] I     B«    meSS  man,  a  kiml 

ind   generous  provider  for  his  family,  and  one  of  the  most  popular  men  in  tne 

township.  .     . 

.1  \  MKS  GRAHAM,  farmer,  Mechanicsburg.     In  presenting  the  name  of  this  genii, 
man  it  can  be  pointed  with  pride  to  his  long  line  of  ancestry  who  have  been  for  so  many 
identified  with  the  business  interests  of  the  countj  and  township,  whose  title-,  10 

lands   Pear  the   signature  Of   William    I'cnn,  and  have    never   , ■hanged   ownership,  save  as 

they  ha,-,-  descended  from  father  to  son,  and  from  uncle  to  nephew.  His  great-great 
grandfather,  James  Graham,  settled  on  the  farm  now  owned  In  our  subject  m  lbs..,  hav- 
ing emigrated  from  Ireland.    James  Graham,  the  grandfather  of  our  subject,  was  the  eld- 


ObS  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

est  sod,  and  married  Miss  Lytle,  of  Lancaster  County,  PeDn.,  who  bore  him  five  children, 
and  of  whom  John,  the  father  of  our  subject,  was  the  second  son.  John  Graham  was 
married,  in  1811.  to  Miss  Helen  Taylor,  of' Halifax,  Dauphin  Co.,  Penn.,  and  two  sons 
and  four  daughters  blessed  their  union,  but  all  left  home  in  the  course  of  time  except 
James  Graham.  Jr.,  who  was  presented  by  his  uncle.  James  Graham,  Sr.,  with  the  farm 
on  which  he  has  lived  for  so  many  years.  He  (James  Graham.  Jr.)  was  born  June  25, 
1823;  was  married,  in  the  autumn  of  1849.  to  Miss  Louisa  S.  Stalter.  of  Bedford  County, 
Penn.,  and  has  three  daughters  living:  Ella,  married  to  Martin  L.  Granville;  Louisa  mar- 
ried to  A.  B.  Clarks,  of  the  United  States  Navy,  and  Burdetta;  three  daughters  are  deceased. 
Mr.  Graham  has  served  as  assessor,  and  has  acceptably  rilled  other  township  offices.  He 
and  his  wife  have  always  been  ardent  members  of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  They  are 
hale  anil  hearty,  ami  expect  to  enjoy  many  years  of  happiness. 

HENRY  HERTZLER.  farmer,' P.  O.  Shepherdstown.  In  1850  Rudolph  and  Mary 
(Shupp)  Hertzler  came  from  Lancaster  County.  Penn..  and  settled  one  mile  north  of  Giv- 
ler's  mill,  in  Monroe  Township,  this  county.  Thev  had  five  children:  Henry.  Mary  and 
Elizabeth  (twins).  Esther  and  Levi.  Rudolph  Hertzler  died  September  4.  1855,  and  in 
1861  his  widow  married  Jacob  Mumma.  Our  subject  spent  his  boyhood  days  on  a  farm, 
and  when  twenty-one  years  of  age  began  clerking  in  a  grocery  store  in  Indianapolis.  Ind., 
where  he  had  gone  on  a  pleasure  trip.  When  he  returned  to  Cumberland  County  he  ac- 
cepted a  position  with  J.  A.  Kauffman,  in  Mechanicsburg,  continuing  in  that  position 
until  his  marriage,  January  7,  1873,  with  Naomi  J.,  daughter  of  Jacob  and  Sarah  (Zane) 
Emminger,  of  this  county.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hertzler  the  Dext  year  commenced  housekeep- 
ing on  her  father's  farm,  remaining  there  nine  years.  In  1882  Mr.  Hertzler  made  his  first 
purchase  of  land,  buying  what  was  then  known  as  the  Milton  Stayman  tract,  and  which 
was  finely  improved  and  located  near  schools  and  churches.  Although  a  young  man  our 
subject  has  for  a  number  of  years  been  officially  connected  with  the  schools  in  his  town- 
ship. Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hertzler  have  four  children:  Hugh  L.,  born  October  9,  1876;  Frank 
Revere,  born  July  16,  1878;  Paul  Mervin.  born  November  3,  1882,  and  Marv  E.,  born  July 
10,  1884.  Coming  from  such  an  honored  ancestry  on  both  sides  the  parents  of  these  chil- 
dren have  reason  to  feel  proud  of  their  lineage,  and  the  completeness  of  their  family  his- 
tory equals,  perhaps,  that  of  any  in  the  land. 

MRS.  ELIZA  HORST,  P.  O.  Shiremanstown,  who  for  thirty  years  has  been  a  resi- 
dent of  this  township,  is  a  native  of  Lancaster  County,  Penn.  Her  parents,  Henry  and 
Anna  (Landis)  Mobler,  had  nine  children,  of  whom  she  is  the  eldest  daughter.  After  the 
death  of  her  father  our  subject  came  to  this  county,  and  January  30,  1849,  while  en  route, 
was  married  to  Rev.  David  Horst.  a  worthy  man,  who  was  born  on  the  farm  now  owned 
by  his  widow.  Their  married  life  was  commenced  under  favorable  auspices,  and  for  a 
number  of  years  they  lived  in  supreme  happiness.  No  children  came  to  cheer  their  home, 
but  two  girls  were  adopted;  one,  Annie  Mohler,  a  niece  of  Mrs.  Horst.  and  the  other,  Kate 
Callar,  who  was  born  in  this  township.  Both  are  still  living  with  Mrs.  Horst,  who  has 
been  to  them  a  loving  mother  and  careful  instructor  from  their  earlv  childhood.  Rev. 
David  Horst  continued  as  pastor  of  the  Lower  Cumberland  Brethren  'congregation  until 
his  death.  September  15,  1863.  He  was  renowned  for  his  upright  life  arid  endeavors  to 
benefit  his  brethren  in  this  community.  He  was  an  active  worker  for  Christ's  cause,  and 
large  accessions  were  made  to  the  church  through  his  ministrations.  Perhaps  no  man 
has  lived  in  the  township  whose  death  was  more' regret  ted  or  loss  more  deeply  felt.  He 
left  a  competence  for  his  widow,  who  still  entertains  with  that  old-time  hospitality  for 
which  her  nationality  and  faith  are  so  noted.  While  this  sketch  was  being  written  a 
number  of  friends  and  relatives  were  visiting  her.  and,  previous  to  their  departure,  en- 
gaged in  song  and  praise  to  that  Power  who  keeps  them  in  existence  and  sustains  their 
faith  firmly  in  the  hope  of  a  blessed  future.  No  more  fitting  tribute  can  be  given  to  the 
departed  husband  than  to  say  "He  hath  done  what  he  could."  His  widow  is  a  personifi- 
cation of  all  the  graces  and  attributes  of  a  true  Christian. 

ANDREW  C.  KNODERER.  farmer,  P  O.  Shepherdstown,  was  born  September  22, 
1833,in  Hellam  Township.  York  Co..  Penn.  His  grandparents.  Andrew  C.  Knoderer  and  wife, 
came  with  their  three  children,  Harriet.  Emma  and  Charles  A.,  from  Prance,  and  settled  in 
York  County,  Penn., and  there  one  daughter.  Sophia, was  born.  By  trade  the  grandfather  of 
our  subject  was  a  weaver,  an  occupation  he  followed  in  the  village  of  York  until  his  death. 
Charles  A.,  the  only  son,  was  married  to  Magdalena  Scherrer,  in  1825;  and  by  her  had  ten 
children:  David,  Leah.  Sophia.  Henrietta.  Maria,  Andreas  and  Abraham  (twins),  Daniel, 
Charles  and  Lucy  A.  Of  these,  six  are  yet  living,  and  five  are  residents  of  Cumberland 
County.  Andrew  C.  Knoderer  is  by  trade  a  carpenter,  which  he  worked  at  for  some  time 
before  coming  to  this  county.  In  1857  he  married  Elizabeth  Phillips,  of  Adams  County, 
Penn.,  who  bore  him  the  following  children:  John,  Jacob  and  Maggie.  The  mother  died  in 
1861,  and  on  August  4,  1864,  Mr.  Knoderer  was  married  to  Susan  Landis  of  this  county. 
Her  father  was  a  man  widely  known  and  highly  respected  for  his  many  virtues,  and  his 
children  are  now  received  among  the  first  families  in  the  land.  The  first  purchase  of  land 
made  by  Mr.  Knoderer,  in  this  county,  was  in  1867.  when  he  bought  his  present  farm,  and 
which  was  enlarged  from  the  York  County  farm,  as  Mrs.  Knoderer  received  from  her 


I  PPBB   A  I. l.EN  TOWNSHIP.  569 

(•tlier's  estate  a  nice  sum  ol  money,  which  has  been  judiciously  invested  with  that 
,,'f  her  husband  and  their  lands  have  become  rary  valuable.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs  Kno 
,1,.,.,.,.  ttave  been  born  tour  children:  t.  Romaine,  I).  Frank,  Milton  A.  and  ^.nnie  L. 
Frank  is  a  carpenter,  and  works  with  his  father,  who  is  still  an  active  business  man. 
During  Mr.  Knoderer's  business  career  he  has  bnill  thirty  two  hank  barns  in  this  and  Fork 
Counties,  which  will,  no  doubt,  remain  as  landmarks  years  after  his  Bphere  of  usefulness 

GEORGE  11    MILLER,  retired,  Bhepherdstown,  one  of  the  best  known  citizens  of 

this  township,  Is  the  son  of  Adam  Miller,  who  came  to  this  county  as  early  as  1805,  being 
then  a  mere  boy;  was  employed  in  various  pursuits  and  all  the  time  accumulating  money. 
Later  in  life  he  went  to  Dauphin  County,  Penn  .  and  there  learned  the  shoe-maker's  trade, 
after  which  he  returned  to  Upper  Allen'  Township,  tins  county,  and  opened  a  shop  on  the 
Samuel  Mohlerfarm  and  prospered  financially.  Match  14.  1817,  he  was  married  to  Sophia, 
daughter  of  Henry  llann.  of  fork  County,  Penn.,  and  housekeeping  was  commenced  on 
the  Mohler  farm,  and  there  was  horn  Ann,  now  the  wife  of  John  Oraybill,  of  Indiana. 
In  1818  Adam  Miller  moved  to  the  Eberly  farm,  near  Bhepherdstown,  where  he  conducted 
business  for  thirt]  six  years,  and  there  were  born  and  reared  following  named  children: 
George  11..  Catharine'  Christiana,  Sarah.  Jacob,  Eliza  and  Mary  E.  He  purchased 
another  farm  later,  and  moved  on  it  about  1854,  but  afterward  sold  it  and  went  to  live 

with  his  son.  George,  at  Whose  home  he  and  his  faithful  Wife  spent  the  remainder  of  then 

days  George  H,  Miller  was  born  July  23,  1819;  was  married,  September  24,  L848,  to  Sus- 
annah, daughter  Of  Nicholas  Qrich.  one  of  the  pioneers  of  the  Cumberland  Valley,  In 
1844  George  Miller  and  his  young  wife  commenced  on  the  farm,  where  for  six  years  their 
one  of  dome-tic  peace  and  prosperity,  and  on  this  farm  their  children,  George  W., 
Susan  E.  and  Adam  U..  were  born.  The  death  of  Mrs.  Miller,  in  1849,  was  the  first 
sorrow  thai  came  to  this  household.  Mr.  Miller  then  moved,  and  September  9.  1851.  mar- 
ih  Ann  Beelman,  who  bore  him  the  following  children:  Laura  E.,  Matilda  (V, 
Sarah  II.,  Elmer  K.  and  Ida  C.  George  W..  Mr.  Miller's  son,  enlisted  in  the  Two 
Hundred  and  Second  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry,  and  served  during  the 
of  the  Rebellion  as  flrsl  sergeant;  his  death  occurred  in  February,  1810.  Our 
subject  remained  on  the  farm  until  1884.  when  he  removed  to  Shepherdstown,  which  he 
Will  probably  make  bis  home  the  balance  of  his  life.  He  has  ever  been  a  man  on  whom 
the  people  could  look  with  confidence.  He  has  reared  a  family  which  do  him  honor,  and 
has  given  hi- children  liberal  educational  advantages,  and  George  and  Laura  have  been 
teachers.  Politically  Mr.  Miller  has  always  been  a  Democrat,  and  has  held  many  oflicial 
positions  of  trust  in  the  township,  and  of  him  it  may  be  said  that  he  is  a  fit  representative 
of  thai  intrinsic  worth  which  distinguished  the  families  of  a  century  ago. 

HARRY  .1    MILLER,  farmer,  P.  0,  Mechanicsburg,  one  of  the  prosperous  business 

men  whose  family  history  can  be  traced   back  for  two  centuries,  is  of  German  origin,  his 

aits' coming   from   Switzerland  to  Pennsylvania   in  1732.       George 

Miller,  the  great-grandfather  of  our  subject,  was  born  in  Switzerland  in  1722.  and  with  his 

\1     B   el,  settled  near  Klizabethtown,  in  Lancaster  County ;  united  with  the  church 

the  first  minister  of  the  Big  Swatava  German  Baptist  Church.     He  died  in  1798, 

leaving  ten  children,  of  whom  Henry  begat  Moses,  who  married    Hannah  Mohlcr.  and  by 

her  had  six  children:  Sarah:  Amos,  died  in  infancy;  infant  daughter  deceased;  Harry  J., 

born  June  36,  1848;  Solomon  and  Mary.     On  the  great-grandmother's  side  George  Klein. 

the  first  minister  at  North  Kill  |  now  Little  Swatava).  was  born  at  Zweibrucken,  Germany, 

in  1715,  and  settled  al    North  Kill  in  1750.      Elizabeth,  the  daughter  of   George  Klein,  was 

.  :    Hose     Miller,  who  was  the  father  of  Harry  .1.  Miller.     Mo-.es  died  June 

.   agedsixt}  fiveyears,  two  months  and  twenty-nine  days.    Our  subject  has  trav- 

SVi  item  country,  and  has  ever  been  a  close  observer  of  the  methods 

and  manner-  of  the  people.     He  received  a  liberal    education,  adopted  the  vocation  of  a 

ral  terms  taught  in  this  township,  near  his  boyhood's  home,  when' 

lie  gave  satisfaction.     In  1869  he  formed  the  acquaintance  of  Miss  Martha  ('.  Hutton,  of 

Penn  .  who  was  later  married  to  Harry  B.  Palmer.    After  Mr.  Palmer's 

lember,  1880,  Mr.  Miller  renewed  the  acquaintance,  and  November  11,  1**1. 

they  were  married  (Mrs.  Miller  had  three  children  by  her  first   husband:  Edgar,  Bertha 

and  Lillie,  the  latter  died  in  1880).    To  Mr.  and  Mrs,  Miller  was  bom.  August  18,  1884.  a 

,  Orca  /,    They  reside  on  a  handsome  farm  near  Shepherdstown,  which  was 

to  Mr    Miller  by  his  lather  at  the  death  of  his  mother,  who  still  lives  in  Mcehanics- 

[n  politics  Mr.  Miller  is  a  Republican.    He  has  done  effective  work  for  his  party 

in  tfiis  m  ighborl I,  though  he  has  never  held  or  lie- i red  office  for  himself. 

•Ml  iN   MILLER,  farmer,  P.  t».  Mechanicsburg,  was  born  in  the  house  in  which 

|i  -    in  this  toil  n-lii|.    Mae  18,   1850,  the  son  of   Mo-es  and  Hannah  (Mohlcr)  Miller, 

who  wereresid  ntsof  Cumberland  County  fifty  eight  years.     His  great  great  grandfather, 

aie,  with  his  family,  from  Switzerland  in    1780,  settling  near  Oeriuan- 
-  the  fat  Inr  of  Henry,  the  father  of  John,  the  father  of  Daniel,  who  was  the 

father  of  Hannah  Miller,  the  mother  of  our  subject.    On  the  father's  side  the  great  grand 
father,  Michael  Miller,  also  came  from  Switzerland,  and  settled  in  Lancaster  County,  Penn., 


570  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

in  1722.  He  begat  George,  -who  begat  Henry,  who  begat  Moses  Miller,  the  father  of  our 
subject.  George  Klein,  the  great-great-grandfather  on  the  father's  side,  was  a  native  of 
Zweibrncken,  Germany,  born  October  $7 1715.  The  Mohlers  were  one  of  the  first  families 
in  this  county,  and  many  of  the  residents  of  this  township  trace  their  origin  to  this  name. 
Solomon  Miller,  our  subject,  married  Miss  Hettie  Hertzler.  a  daughter  of  Rudolph  and 
Mary  (Shoop)  Hertzler,  both  born  in  Lancaster  County.  [For  a  sketch  of  Rudolph  and 
Mary  Hertzler.  see  sketch  of  Henrv  Hertzler,  page  568.]  On  her  twenty-second  birthday, 
October  16,  1873,  the  ceremony  was  performed  by  the  groom's  father,  Moses  Miller,  an  el- 
der in  the  German  Baptist  Church.  Two  sons,  Clarence  H.  and  Elmer  R.,  have  blessed 
their  union.  Since  their  marriage  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Solomon  Miller  have  resided  on  the  farm 
where  he  was  born. 

DAVID  S.  MOHLER,  farmer,  P.  O.  Mechanicsburg.  is  a  grandson  of  Christian  and 
Magdalena  (Springer)  Mohler,  who  were  born  in  Cumberland  County,  Penn.,  the  latter 
March  7,  1780.  and  after  their  marriage  resided  in  this  county,  mostly  in  this  township. 
They  were  the  parents  of  sixteen  children,  of  whom  Samuel,  the  father  of  our  subject, 
was  the  eldest  son,  and  only  one,  Mrs.  Esther  Hoover,  is  now  a  resident  of  this  county. 
Samuel  Mohler  married  Miss  Rachael,  daughter  of  Henry  Miller,  of  this  county.  Three 
of  Mrs.  Mohler's  brothers  and  one  sister  reside  in  Cumberland  County.  Four  daughters 
and  two  sons  of  the  family  of  Samuel  Mohler  are  now  residents  of  this  county.  David  S. 
Mohler.  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was  united  in  marriage,  June  19,  1860,  with  Miss  Mary 
Bowman.  October  15,  1862,  he  enlisted  in  Company  0,  Third  Regiment  Pennsylvania 
Artillery,  and  served  as  a  musician  during  his  term  of  enlistment,  being  stationed  at  Fort 
Monroe,  Va.  He  was  honorably  discharged,  on  account  of  disability,  February  20,  1864. 
After  farming  for  seven  years  he  engaged  in  mercantile  business  until  1879,  at  Shiremans- 
town,  this  county,  since  when  he  has  resided  on  the  farm  upon  which  he  was  born.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  David  S.  Mohler  have  two  children  living:  Ida  M.  and  Myrta  V.;  the  second 
born  died  at  his  birth.  Our  subject  has  served  his  township  as  supervisor  and  for  five 
years  as  school  director.  For  many  years  be  was  engaged  in  teaching  vocal  and  instru- 
mental music,  and  for  seven  years  had  charge  of  the  Harmonic  Society  of  Shiremanstown, 
an  organization  noted  throughout  this. and  adjoining  counties. 

LEVI  MOHLER,  farmer,  P.  O.  Mechanicsburg.  a  representative  of  one  of  the  first 
families  that  settled  in  this  township,  was  born  August  20,  1845,  on  the  old  homestead,  the 
second  son  of  Samuel  and  Rachael  (Miller)  Mohler,  who  were  for  many  years  residents  of 
this  beautiful  valley.  Their  children,  ten  in  number,  were  all  born  on  the  old  homestead, 
and  Elizabeth,  David,  Mary,  Priscilla,  Levi  and  Hetty  are  still  living  in  this  county.  Mrs. 
Mohler  died  February  8,  1870,  and  Samuel  Mohler  June  1,  1885.  Both  were  for  many 
years  devout  members  of  the  German  Baptist  Brethren  Church,  and  their  children  were 
reared  in  that  faith.  The  parents  of  Samuel  Mohler.  Christian  and  Magdalena  (Springer) 
Mohler,  came  from  Germany  to  this  county,  and  early  settled  on  the  farm  now  owned  by 
our  subject,  and  which  has  been  in  possession  of  the  Mohlers  over  three-quarters  of  a  cen- 
tury. They  reared  a  family  of  fourteen  children,  who  are  now  scattered  over  the  States 
and  Western  Territories.  Levi  Mohler  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  and  adopted 
farm  life.  He  married,  July  4,  1869,  Miss  Fanny  Beelman,  of  York  County,  Penn., 
daughter  of  Rev.  Adam  Beelman,  who  for  thirty  years  was  a  minister  in  that  county. 
The~first  year  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Mohler's  wedded  life  was  spent  with  her  parents,  since 
which  time  they  have  resided  on  the  Mohler  homestead.  They  are  the  parents  of  five  chil- 
dren: Harry  B.,  Martha,  Mary,  Clara  and  Annie.  The  remote  ancestors  of  Mrs.  Mohler 
were  from  Germany,  but  her  father.  Rev.  Adam  Beelman,  was  born  in  this  county,  and 
her  mother,  Mattie  (Hurst)  Beelman.  was  a  native  of  York  County,  Penn.  This  aged  and 
worthy  conple  are  living,  and  Rev.  Beelman  supplies  a  pulpit,  being  the  oldest  minister 
in  theLower  Cumberland  District  of  the  Middle  District  of  Pennsylvania.  George  and 
Eve  (Metzgar)  Beelman,  grandparents  of  Mrs.  Mohler  on  the  father's  side,  were  the  par- 
ents of  six  children:  George.  Adam,  John,  Fanny,  Sarah  and  Joseph.  On  the  mother's 
side  her  grandparents  were  Abraham  and  Elizabeth  Hurst,  who  reared  a  family  of  nine 
children:  Christian.  Fannie,  Abram,  Henry.  Maria,  Eliza,  Nancy.  Martha  and  Hetty. 

AMOS  MUMMA,  gram  dealer,  P.  O.  Sheplierdstown.  One  of  the  first  and  most  prom- 
inent families  in  this  county  is  that  of  the  father  of  Amos  Mumma,  and  a  lengthy  history 
of  Jacob  Mumma,  the  grandfather  of  our  subject,  appears  in  the  borough  history  of 
Mechanicsburg.  and  different  branches  of  this  family  are  represented  in  the  several  town- 
ships in  which  they  reside.  Our  subject  is  a  son  of  Jacob  and  Catharine  (Eberly)  Mumma. 
His  mother's  first  husband,  Mr.  Rupp,  a  farmer,  died  soon  after  the  birth  of  her  third 
child,  when  she  became  the  second  wife  of  Jacob  Mumma.  and  bore  him  the  following 
children:  Eli,  Jacob,  Amos,  Fanny,  Eliza  and  Samuel— all  of  whom  were  born  in  Cumber- 
land County,  and  living  at  this  time,  except  Samuel  and  Fanny.  Amos  Mumma  was  mar- 
ried. November  17,  1868,  to  Marion  E.,  daughter  of  Christian  and  Lydia  (Miley)  Herman, 
also'of  this  county.  The  Hermans  were  among  the  first  settlers  near  New  Kingston,  com- 
ing in  1771,  and  the  representatives  of  this  family  celebrated  their  centennial  in  1871, 
children  of  the  sixth  generation  being  present  on  that  occasion.  The  original  farm  is  now 
owned  by  Wolford  Herman,  and  the  land  has  been  in  possession  of  the  name  since  the 


riTi'i:  Al. LEX  TOWNSHIP. 


571 


Brat  ourchase  by  the  greal  grandfather.    Of  the  immediate  familyof  Christian  Herman 
are  three  children:  Jacob,  John  and  Mario,,.     A,,,,,.  Mumma  and  his  wife  have  four  chil- 

,'..,1, .1      Uberta  .1  .  Levi  11.  and  Lydia  11.    These  children  aa  they  grow  older, 


man. 

to  bear  tin-  name  ol  his  iHu-mou-  ancestors. 

u,ll\   MUMMA,   farmer,  P.O.    Mechanicsburg,  the  second  son  oi  Jacob  Mumma, 

was  born  in  Lancaster  County,  Penn.,  in  1836.  and  resided  with   his  father  until    1868 

,..    commenced  business  for  himself  on  a  farm  near  Mechanicsburg     Nine  pan 


ars 


This  farm  is  very  attractive,  and  its  comfortable  surroundings  and  fine  improvements 
make  il  indeed  an  elegant  home.  Mr.  Mumma,  one-  of  the  representative  mend  the  town- 
ship, is  a  member  of  one  of  its  oldest  families,  and  merits  the  greatest  confidence  reposed 

'  '' Fl  1  Mr Vm  V  "fanner  P.  O.  Mechanicsburg.  was  born,  in  1850,  on  the  old  homestead 
in  Silver  Soring  Township,  this  county.  His  father.  Jacob  Mumma,  has  been  so  liberal 
with  his  money  and  enterprising  in  spirit  thai  he  has  stood  at  the  head  of  the  business 
industries  and  substantial  improvements  for  fully  half  a  century.  Eli  Mumma,  the  young- 
eel  son  0f  Jacob  and  Catharine  Mumma.  received  a  practical  education  in  the  common 
schools  and  has  thus  far  passed  his  life  on  the  farm,  preferring  agricultural  pursuits  to 
either  a  trade  or  profession.  November  25,  1873,  he  was  married  to  Annie  B.,  daughter  ol 
Joseph  and  Sarah  E.  (Fritchey)  Ei.erly.  of  Hampden  Township,  this  county.    To  this 


Illt'llCI'll    I'll     111^     lilllH    I      O     I  .11  111     tnii.il      .i_i«_     dmu»     »«,.  w.»v ! -  rt„U 

this  day  In  1875  they  moved  to  the  farm  on  which  they  now  reside  One  child— Joseph 
E  -was  born  on  the  grandfather's  homestead;  Mabel  G.  and  Harry  H.  were  born  on  their 
f:,il, ei's  farm  in  this  township.  Politically  and  socially  Mr.  Mumma  is  ol  that  liberal 
Class  who.,-  object  is  to  further  the  business  and  social  interests  in  the  community.  JTOS- 
Bessed  ,,i  abundant  means,  a  fine  farm  and  happy  family,  he  is  surrounded  by  everything 
to  make  him  happy.  .    ,.  „         ,    ,,„,,„ 

II    (I    SHELLEY   miner,  P.  O.  Shepherdstown,  was  born  m  Lancaster,  I  enn.,  Imtlatu 
went  to  Dauphin  County,  where  he  owned  afarm.     In  1869  he  commenced  mining  iron 
rk  County,  Penn..  where  be  continued   until   1H78,  opening  a   mine  on  Han  Lan- 
dis'  farm  in  1S74.  and  which  he  sold  in  1875.  but  in   1883  again  leased  and  has  operated 
since      An  analysis  of  the  ore  from  this  mine,  in  1874,  gave  sixty-two  per  cent  in  the  tur- 
n, e  analysis  made  i„   1884  showed  fifty  two  per  cent  of  the  mixed  oxides,    in 
0    Shellei    was  married  to   Fanny   Nisley,  daughter  of  Henry  and  Mary  Ni-.ley, 
and  Who  »a-  I,„n,  on  the  island  bearing   that  name    in  the  Susquehanna    below  KLiqi He- 
town      In  1867,  our  subject  came   to  Upper  Allen  Township,  this  county,  and  purchased 
a  farm   on  which  he  moved  in  1868,  and  which  he  has  since  operated  ,„  connection  with 

The  children  of  Mr.  and  Mrs    H.    0.    Shelley  are   five   in   number:  Samuel  mar 

ried  Ella  Coover,  a  dauehter  of  01 f  York  County's  first  families:  Ehas  wedded  Annie 

daughter  of  Christian  Hertzler,  of  this  county.  David,  Lizzie,  wife  of  William  Mi  lej 
of  Mechanicsburg,  and  Annie.  Mr.  Shelley  has  repeatedly  been  solicited  to  become 
candidal  positions,  but  has  always  declined,  preferring  to  manage  his  own  busi- 

lirs  and  thus  keep  aloof  from  such  annoyances  as  small  offices  provoke,     lie  IS 
>St  highly  respected  men  in  his  neighborhood,  and  'lives  in  a  style  becoming 

a  ma,,  of  educati nd  refinement.  .     „    . 

rACOB   F    STAUFFBR,  contractor   and  builder.  Shepherdstown.  was  born  m    in 
County   Penn  m  ol   Frederick  and  Maria  (Orry)  Stauffer,  who  were  prohably 

married  in  1880,  and  were  the   parents  of  nine  children,  of  whom  Jacob  1    is  the  eldest 
son;  then  followed  Susan,    Moses,  David.  Samuel,   .Joseph.  Maria.  Frederick  and  Lwiia. 
jeel  learned  bis  trade  in    his    native   county  and    followed    the    business  for  twelve 
M-ars  previous  to  coming  to  Cumberland  County.      He  was   married   December  a,  18bU,  to 
bo  was  the  youngest  of  the  ten  children  of  Michael  and  Lydia  Shellenberger,  old 

-of  York  Co,,,,, v     T ihildren  of  Mr  and  Mrs.  Jacob  F   Staufferare  David; 

Ellen,  wife  of  r;(  cromlic  h;    Melinda,  wife  of  Calvin  Weaver;  Lilly  and  sally  (born 

in  York  Counts  I,  and  Barry,  Benjamin  F  .  Walter,  Maggie,  Birdie  and   Lydia  who  were 
born  in  this  township.     In  1871  Mr.   and  Mrs.  Stauffer  came  to  this  township  and  the 


572  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

farm  where  they  now  reside  was  purchased.  Since  coming  here,  however,  our  subject 
has  given  but  little  attention  to  farming,  devoting  all  of  his  time  to  his  trade.  He  built 
several  large  edifices,  which  will  stand  for  years,  monuments  to  his  skill  and  industry, 
notably  the  Mennonite  Church  on  Slate  Hill;  a  fine  residence  for  Samuel  Eberly,  also  one 
for  Daniel  Ebersole;  a  residence  for  George  Hummel,  and  has  recently  completed  a  nice 
church  for  the  Mennonite  congregation  at  Churchtown.  By  strict  attention  to  business 
Mr.  Stauffer  has  prospered  financially,  and  is  recorded  as  one  of  the  substantial  men  of 
the  Cumberland  Valley. 

JOHN  SWARTZ,  tailor.  Shepherdstown,  was  born  in  Silver  Spring  Township,  this 
county,  and  from  the  age  of  fourteen  years  has  been  a  resident  of  Shepherdstown.  His 
parents,  John  and  Nancy  (Mohler)  Swartz,  lived  near  the  tan-yard  in  Silver  Spring  Town- 
ship. John  Swartz.  Sr.,  learned  the  carpenter's  trade  of  John  Snavely  (who  died  in  1849) 
early  in  life,  and  worked  on  the  State  House  at  Harrisburg.  John  Swartz.  Sr.,  was  born 
in  this  county  in  May,  1791,  and  died  in  August.  1866.  His  wife,  Nancy  Mohler,  was 
born  in  September,  1799,  and  died  in  December,  1846.  They  had  seven  children,  of  whom 
John,  Jr.,  is  the  fifth  born.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  our  subject  came  to  Shepherdstown 
and  became  an  apprentice  to  his  uncle,  Michael  Hoover,  who  carried  on  a  tailor  shop  in 
that  village.  When  his  trade  was  completed,  in  1848,  John  Swartz,  Jr.,  assumed  control  of 
the  shop,  and  from  that  day  to  this  has  conducted  business  for  himself.  February  8, 
1855,  our  subject  married  Magdalena  Hetrich,  born  in  East  Hanover  Township,  Lebanon 
Co.,  Penn.,  June  25,  1834,  daughter  of  Isaac  and  Sarah  (Uricb)  Hetrich.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Swartz  commenced  house-keeping  where  they  now  reside  and  there  their  children  were 
born,  viz.;  Sarah  A.,  born  September  14.  1856;  Albert  H..  born  June  17,  1859;  William  S., 
born  April  8,1864,  died  October  30,  1864;  and  Harry  O,  born  September  9,  1867.  The 
children  received  liberal  educations  and  Albert  has  chosen  the  profession  of  teaching. 
Harry  follows  in  the  footsteps  of  his  father  and  is  a  tailor;  Sarah,  is  the  wife  of  A.  H. 
Mohler.  doing  business  at  Shepherdstown.  Mr.  Swartz  was  drafted  during  the  late  war 
of  the  Rebellion,  but  furnished  money  to  procure  a  substitute,  as  he  was  a  man  of  peace 
and  not  in  favor  of  war.  He  has  filled  numerous  township  offices  with  credit;  has  been 
a  member  of  No.  215,  I.  O.  O.  F..  since  1851.  During  a  residence  of  forty-three  years 
Mr.  Swartz  has  not  been  absent  from  Shepherdstown  for  two  weeks  at  one  time.  His 
business,  his  family  and  his  home  are  located  there,  and  no  man  in  the  valley  is  more  con- 
tented. 

HIRAM  WATTS,  farmer,  Shepherdstown,  is  the  only  one  of  his  immediate  relatives 
who  came  to  this  county,  but  his  name  is  well  known  in  this  aud  adjacent  counties.  He 
was  born  in  York  County,  Penn..  January  21,  1824,  and  is  second  son  of  Andrew  and  Eliz- 
abeth Watts,  who  resided  on  a  farm  in  "Newberry  Township,  that  county,  and  were  the 
parents  of  two  sons  and  seven  daughters.  Our  subject  came  to  Upper  Allen  Township, 
this  county,  in  1846,  engaging  with  "George  Nebenger  to  work  on  a  farm.  December  3, 
1848.  he  was  married  to  Sarah  A.,  daughter  of  Charles  and  Susan  (Keiper)  Bingaman,  for- 
merly of  Lancaster  County,  but  who  came  as  early  as  1820  to  Shepherdstown  (then  known 
as  Jennystown).  Of  the  two  sons  and  six  daughters  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bingaman,  Mrs. 
Eliza  A.  Morrett,  Mrs.  Catharine  Kohler.  Mrs.  Rebecca  Blosser  and  Mrs.  Watts  are  still 
living.  The  year  after  their  marriage  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Watts  commenced  housekeeping  near 
Shepherdstown,  and  afterward  built  themselves  a  cottage  in  the  village.  For  eleven 
years  he  worked  at  the  carpenter's  trade,  earning  the  money  which  gave  him  a  start  in 
the  business  world,  and  in  1855  commenced  farming.  He  prospered,  and,  in  1876.  pur- 
chased the  nice  farm  on  which  he  now  resides,  and  there  were  born  his  children;  Lewis, 
Charles,  Lizzie.  Ira  and  Clara.  Lewis  married  Mary  Miller,  and  resides  at  Dillsburg;  he 
is  engaged  in  the  drug  trade.  Charles  is  employed  in  the  office  of  the  Cumberland  Val- 
ley Railroad  at  the  same  place.  All  the  children  are  finely  educated,  and  well  fitted  to  at- 
tend to  any  business  or  grace  any  position  in  society.  The  parents  live  on  the  farm,  sur- 
rounded by  their  children,  and  enjoy  Ihe  comforts  which  come  to  those  who  have  lived 
long,  useful  lives.  When  it  is  taken  into  consideration  that  Mr.  Watts  left  the  parental 
roof  at  the  age  of  eight  years,  made  a  living,  accumulated  a  fine  property,  and,  besides, 
has  maintained  and  educated  a  family  that  ranks  second  to  none  in  the  land,  he  certainly 
deserves  great  credit.  He  was  judge  of  elections  in  1857,  and  for  many  years  served  in  an 
official  capacity  on  the  school  board. 

WILLIAM  WESTHAFER  farmer,  P.  O.  Mechanicsburg,  is  of  German  ancestry. 
His  grandfather,  Abram  Westhafer,  who  settled  in  Lancaster  County  about  1792,  was 
married  to  Catharine  Eschleman,  and  reared  a  family:  George.  Jacob,  Peter,  Susannah 
and  Rebecca.  Peter  Westhafer  married  Maria  Baker,  a  resident  of  York  County.  Penn. 
(where  he  was  then  living),  and  who  died  three  years  later.  August  20,  1829,  he  married 
Annie  M.  Stave.  In  I860"  Peter  Westhafer  and  wife  came  to  this  county  and  settled  near 
the  Chestnut  Hill  Cemetery,  on  the  Bosler  farm.  Their  children,  Jacob.  William,  (four 
deceased.)  Leigh,  Lucy  A.,  Catharine,  John,  Edward.  Eli,  Abraham,  Susannah  ami  Mag- 
gie, were  all  born  in  York  County.  Of  this  family  William.  Lucy,  Leigh  aud  Kate  live  in 
Cumberland  County  at  the  present  time.  Most  of  Peter  Westhafer's  time  was  spent  in 
farming,  although  lie  was  by  trade  a  shoe-maker;  he,  also  kept  the  National  Hotel  in  Me- 


I  PPER  ALLEN  TOWNSHIP.  578 

ehanicsburg  al  one  time,  and  afterward  owned  and  operated  a  dry  goods  and  grocery 
1 1    was  consid  redone  ol  the  moal  enterprising  men  in  the  county,  and  always  did 

b     -  .  and  soci  il  interests  ol  the  community.     Se  died  ere  itly 

regretted:  his  widow  still  resides  in  Mechanicsburg.     William  Westhafer  was  married,  in 

Miss  Marian,  daughter  ol   Q ge  A.  and  Margaret   (Ressler)  Balsley,  one  of  the 

oldest  and  mosl  highly  respected  families  of  the  county.  Qeorge  A.  and  Margarel  Bals 
lev  were  married  Februarj  19,  1832,  by  the  Rev  Nicholas  Stroll,  and  were  the  parents  of 
seven  child ,  onlj  three  of  whom  an-  dow  living:  Joseph.  Mis.  Westhafer  and  Catha- 
rine, i  iin-  jubj  ed  farming  for  himself  in  the  spring  of  1861,  on  the  old  Bosler 
farm,  ami  from  lie1  start  has  been  very  successful;  everything  he  touched  prospered,  and 

his  profits  accumulated  until  he  bought  a  couple  of  lots  anil  erected  a  house  al  Hie  cone  r 
of  Marl  ile  and  York  St  reels  in  1865.  1 1  is  next  pnreh  tse  of  real  estate  was  on  I  he  opposite 
side  of  the  street  and  a  lot  of  twelve  acres  near  Mcchanicsbunr  which  he  still  owns.  In 
aoved  to  the  Levi  Bberly  farm,  and  is  now  making  money  as  easily  as  he  ilid  in 
his  younger  days;  besides  his  farm  interests  he  is  also  an  extensive  dealer  in  live  stock. 

To  Mi.  and  Mrs  Westhafer  have  heetl  born  three  children :  George  E.,  horn  in  1863,  and 
William  B  and  (huh  s.  (twins),  born  October  5.  1871.  All  are  active  promising  young 
men.  who  have  received  a  practical  education,  and  are  worthy  to  bear  their  father's 
name  Mr.  and  Mrs  Westhafer  have  been  consistent  members  of  the  United  Brethren 
Church  since  1878     Politically  our  subject  is  a  Republican. 

8A.RAB  WORLEY,  Shepherdstowo.isadaughterof  George  and  Anna  M.  Daugherty, 
one   of    the    old  and  prominent  families  of  York  County.   Penn.,  where  they  were  born 
and  tired,  and  reared  a    family   of  nine  children:  Sarah.  Ann,  Maria,  John.  Qeorge,  Will- 
iam II  .   Emma  J.,  Rachael  E.  and   Thomas    L.     Though  these   children   were  all  bom   in 
York  County,  all  live  in  Cumberland  County  except  Emma  and  Thomas  L.    Our  subject 
was  born  April  33,  1828.     March  2<\.  1854,  she  was  married  to  William  W.  Kline,  a  son  of 
William    and   .lane   (Goudy)   Kline.     They  commenced   housekeeping   near  Siddensburg, 
where   Mr.   Kline,   a   millwright  by  trade,  worked  at  his  business  for  some  time.     They 
came  to  Shepherdstown  in  is;,;,  and  took  chargeof  the  only  hotel  in  the  place,  and  there 
prospered.     To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kline  were  born   rive  children:  Mary  II.,  born  January  28, 
is,",,  i.  Hie   wife  of   John   E.  Acker,   of  Mansfield.  Ohio;  Benjamin,  married  to  Ella  T. 
r,  manages  a  hotel  at  Hogestown,  this  county;  Jane  A..  William  R.  and  Ella  M. 
W.  W.  Kline  entered  the  armv  in  1861,  served  nine  months,  and  then  re-enlisted  in  Com- 
pan\  A.  One  Hundred  and  Ninetieth  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry.   Be  par- 
ti i|,  iied  in  the  thickest  of  the  fight  at  the  bloody  battle  of  Gettysburg,  and  in   many  a 
m  tested  skirmish  of  the  Virginia  campaign.     While  his  regiment  was  guarding  the 
railroad  at  Weldon,  N.  C,  it  was  captured  by  the  rebels  and  the  men  confined  in  Libby 
prison,  the  name  of  which  i-  vet  spoken  oi  with  horror  by  every  one  who  was  unfortunate 
enough   to  experience   the  sufferings  eniailed  upon  the  miserable  victims  confined  within 
iis  walls.     Three  months  after  his  captivity.  November  25.  1864,  the  veteran  soldier,  kind 
husband  and  loving  father  was  borne  from  that  miserable  place  tin  emaciated  corpse. 
I)  atb   bid    released   him  from  suffering  further  privations;   hunger,  thirst  and  cold   were 
red  no  more;    of   wife  and  children  were  his  last  thoughts.     In  18(58  Mrs.  Kline 
n  in  uiied.  this  tine  to  J.  B.  Worlcy.  a  well  known  business  man  of  this  county, 
er  their  marriage  again  engaged  in  hotel  business  in  New  Cumberland,  and   pros- 
\'o  children  wire  born  to  this  union.     In  1873  Mr.  Worlcy  died,  leaving  hiswidow 
and  step-children   well   provided  for.     The  mother  of  Mrs.  Worlcy,  who  still  lives  with 
her  son  George,  has  attained  the  ripe  old  age  of  eighty  years. 

DAVID  W.  WORST,  justice  of  the  peace,  Shepherdstown,  was  born  October  2.  1839. 
His  father  David  Worst,  who  was  born  in  Frankford  Township,  this  county,  December 
26,  1797,  was  i  carpenter  by  trade,  and  carried  on  business  in  this  county,  many  substantial 
buildings  -till  Btanding  as  monuments  to  his  industry.  He  also  went  to  Cuba  and  erected 
number  ol  ai^ir  bouses  for  planters  on  that  island.  January  30,  1884,  he  was 
married  to  Mary  Ann  Zearing,  who  was  born  November  7.  1814,  and  was  a  lineal 
descendant  oi  1  Uupp  family.  David  and  Mary  Ann  Worst  were  the  parents 

of  the  I  ned  children:  Jat Sarah  A.,  Daniel,  David  W.,  Eliza  A.,  Susan  A. 

Sarah   A.    Jacob   II.  and    Marv    E.   all   of    whom    were  born   in     Mechanicsburg,    Penn., 
David  Worst,  Sr..  died  in  1850,  and  his  widow  subsequently  married  John  Lininger  Decem- 
ber 29,  1851    and  bore  him  three  children:  Catharine,  Elizabeth  and  Alice  V.     David  W. 
the  age  of  eleven   years  was  turned  out  to  shift   for  himself,  and 
i  - .  d  i>\  .loin  Houserona  farm.    At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  commenced  a  clerk- 
ship with  Messrs  t  loswiler  &  Zook,  in  Shepherdstown,  continuing  with  them  a  number  of 
M  '  •     i     1866,  be  was  united  in  marriage  with  Annie  M.,  daughter  of   ex-Sheriff 
Bowman,  and  by  this  ie  following  named  children:  Carrie  I.    Annie  (J.  Mary 

ii   Q   and  Manha  W.     All  are  making  rapid  progress  with  their  education  and 
ml   family  circle,  where   books,  music,  etc.,  are  prominent  features.     .Mr. 

popularity  in  hi-  county  i-  shown    in  the  fact  of  his  being  elected  p rot  1 1 onotary  of 

I  ■  .mil  v  in  the  autum  of  1872,  which  position  he  held  three   years  with  honor 
to  himself  and  credit  to  his  constituents.     The  people  residing  in  his  township  nominated 


574  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

him  justice  of  the  peace  in  1877,  and  re-elected  him  in  1882,  his  official  t°rm  expiring  in 
1887  and  during  his  public  life  he  bears  a  clean  record.  He  is  a  straight  Democrat  and 
one'of  the  most  prominent  local  politicians  in  his  township.  Liberal  in  every  thing  which 
advances  the  interests  of  society,  he  is  ranked  among  the  best  citizens  and  most  public 
spirited  men  of  the  county  in  which  he  has  for  a  number  of  years  been  a  central  figure. 


CHAPTER  LX. 

WEST  PENNSBOROUGH  TOWNSHIP. 

JONATHAN  BEAR,  farmer,  P.  O.  Plainfield,  was  born  July  4. 1819.  in  West  Penns- 
borouo-h  Township,  Cumberland  Co.,  Penn.  His  father.  Samuel,  a  son  of  John  Bear, 
married  Miss  Sarah,  daughter  of  Philip  Zeigler,  and  settled  in  what  is  now  known  as 
Bear's  District.  West  Pennsborough  Township,  and  here  resided  until  his  death,  which 
occurred  April  30,  1855,  in  his  sixty-eighth  year;  his  widow  died  in  Plainfield  December 
26  1871  aged  eighty  years  and  five'months.  They  reared  eight  of  their  ten  children:  Mrs. 
Catharine'Steiner,  Jonathan,  Mrs.  Mary  Seitz,  Rebecca,  Elizabeth.  John  (deceased).  David 
and  Philip  (deceased).  January  11,  1849,  our  subject  married  Miss  Maria,  daughter  of 
Henry  and  Polly  (Bear)  Bear,  from  Lancaster  County,  Penn.  They  resided  on  the  farm 
near  Conodoguinet  Creek  until  August,  1S84.  when  they  moved  to  their  present  residence, 
and  now  own  a  fine  farm  of  132  acres,  besides  a  beautiful  home  of  six  acres  where  they 
reside  To  them  have  been  born  nine  children,  of  whom  the  following  are  now  living: 
Abner,  Mrs.  Mary  Eppley,  Sarah  and  Lizzie.  Ellen  died  at  seventeen  years  of  age,  Em- 
ma when  fifteen,  Samuel  when  nineteen  years  old,  and  Refeea  and  Catharine  when  small. 
Mr.  Bear  and  family  belong  to  the  Reformed  Mennonite  Church.  He  takes  great  interest 
in  the  education  of  his  family  and  has  given  them  good  opportunities. 

HENRY  BEAR,  retired  farmer.  Plainfield,  was  born  March  17.  1824.  in  West  Penns- 
borough Township,  this  county.  About  1690  Michael  Bear,  a  Mennonite  minister,  of 
Switzerland,  fled  from  persecution  to  accept  the  generous  offer  of  William  Penn  of  a  home 
in  Pennsylvania.  He  settled  in  Berks  County  and  has  a  large  number  of  descendants. 
Michael,  his  son,  had  a  son,  Henry,  who  came  to  West  Pennsborough  Township,  this 
county,  in  1804,  with  his  sons,  Michael,  John  and  Samuel.  Of  these,  Michael  was  twice 
wedded,  and  by  his  first  marriage  (with  Miss  Esther  Alter)  had  two  children:  Benjamin, 
who  died  in  Summit  County,  Ohio,  and  Mrs.  Esther  Stephens,  who  died  in  this  county. 
His  second  wife,  Hannah  Wax,  was  a  daughter  of  Peter  Wax,  a  Revolutionary  soldier, 
who  settled  in  Frankford  Township,  this  county,  coming  from  Schuylkill  County,  Penn., 
and  lived  to  be  ninety-four  years  of  age;  his  wife  died  aged  eighty-seven.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Bear  settled  near  Plainfield.  To  them  were  born  seven  children,  five  of  whom  attained 
maturity:  Henry,  Mrs.  Margaret  Greason  (deceased),  Maria,  Maurice  (deceased)  and  Sirs. 
Rachael  LeFevre,  of  Carlisle.  Mr.  Bear  was  a  very  effective  local  preacher  of  the  United 
Brethren  faith;  he  died  very  suddenly  December  16.  1849.  while  officiating  in  the  pulpit, 
being  striken  down  by  apoplexy.  He  was  a  very  active  man,  and  exerted  a  wide  influ- 
enceTfor  good.  Henry  Bear,  who  has  lived  on  the  home-farm  all  ins  life,  owns  a  fine 
farm  of  eighty  acres  besides  his  handsome  residence  and  farm  of  four  acres  where  he  re- 
sides. He  was  married,  February  3,  1848.  to  Miss  Margaret  LeFevre.  who  died  about  two 
and  a  half  years  afterward.  He  next  married.  May  15,  1856.  Miss  Catharine  Longnecker, 
and  by  her  has  one  daughter,  Mary.  Mr.  Bear,  of  Federalist  descent,  was  formerly  a 
Whig,  afterward  a  Republican.  He  takes  a  deep  interest  in  public  affairs,  and  has  ren- 
dered 'important  services  as  a  campaign  orator.  As  a  speaker  he  is  clear,  logical  and  forci- 
ble, and  carries  the  weight  of  his  own  convictions  in  his  addresses.  He  is  one  of  the  lead- 
ing influential  citizens  of  Cumberland  County.  _ 

JOHN  K.  BEIDLER,  merchant,  Plainfield.  was  born  April  2.  1828,  in  Lebanon 
County,  Penn.,  son  of  John  and  Anna  (Kaufman)  Beidler.  the  latter  of  whom  died  in  that 
county.'  His  father,  who  afterward  married  again,  located  in  AVest  Middletou  Township, 
this  county  in  1840  and  now  lives  a  retired  life  in  Plainfleld,  this  town-hip,  aged  eighty- 
three  <>ur  subject  married,  in  November.  1851.  Miss  Sophia  Zeigler,  of  Middlesex 
Township,  this  county.  He  enlisted,  in  August,  1862.  in  Company  F.  Seventeenth  Regi- 
ment Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Cavalry;  was  assigned  to  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  under 
Gen  Hooker,  anil  took  part  in  many  of  the  historic  engagements  of  the  Virginia  cam- 
paigns He  received  an  honorable  discharge  in  186:1  on  account  of  disabilities  received 
in  the  service      He  left  a  fine  record  as  a  brave  and  faithful  soldier,  always  ready  for  the 


WEST  PENN8B0R0TJGH  TOWNSHIP.  575 

ciill  of  duty     Tn  1866  Mr.   Beidler  established,  and  for  three  years  carried  on,  a  general 

store  at  Sterrett's  Gap   Perry  County;  three  years  conducted  business  in  Plainfleld.  tins 

couniT-  then  for  three  years  al  West  Hill,  and  then  purchased  property  at  Oakville  and 

l.uill  :i  fine  store  buildine.     Thi  re  Mrs.  Beidler  died  in  March,  1877,  leaving  one  daughter, 

Mrs  Lizzie  M  Mickej    now  living  at  Oakville.     In  the  fall  oi  1877  Mr.  Beidler  again  lo 

West  Hill     He  was  married,  on  second  occasion,  December  6,  1877,  to  Miss  Anna 

M   Matthews  oi  Berks  County,  Penn.,  and  by  this  union  has  one  son,  BarlJ.      Mr.  Beid- 

,  rm,.  business  property  in  Plainfleld  and  carries  a  complete  stock  oi  dry  goods, 

b  !ots  shoes,  hardware,  notions,  and  a  full  line  oi  general  merchan 

§jse      bj  jtrid  attention  to  business  principli  s  and  courles]  to  all,  he  has  built  upalai 

and  flourishing  trade.     Personally  Mr.  Beidler  is  a  man  of  portly  build  and  fine  physique; 

genial  and  Bocial  in  his  disposition,  he  makes  friends  wherever  he  goes.     He  is  recognized 

•is  one  of  the  leading  business  men  and  influential  citizens  of  Cumberland  County. 

WILLIAM  BLOSER,  retired,  Plainfleld.  was  born  December  11, 1818,  in  West  Penns- 
bOTOUgh  Township  this  county.  Henry  Bloser  came,  with  his  family,  from  Lancaster 
County  Penn  to  Frankford  Township,  this  county,  in  very  early  times.  His  son,  Dan 
i,.|  was  twice  married;  on  the  first  occasion  to  Eve  Keihl,  a  native  of  this  county,  and 
settled  near  Bays  Mill,  this  township.  Mrs.  Daniel  Bloser  died  in  1834,  and  he  subse 
quently  married  Sarah  Rex,  and  moved  to  Richland  (now  Crawford)  County.  Ohio,  in  about 
1840  where  they  resided  until  sin-  died,  when  be  lived  a  retired  life  with  his  son  until  his 
death  Our  subject,  the  second  born  by  the  second  marriage,  and  only  one  living  of  his 
j  fiTe  ,  bildren  received  ids  education  in  the  schools  of  the  home  district  and  early 
apprenticed  himself  to  the  carpenter's  trade,  w  hich  he  has  followed  nearly  all  his  life.  He 
married  February  14,  1851,  Miss  Sarah  Waggoner,  a  native  of  Frankford  Township,  this 
and  to  this  union  were  horn  nine  children,  Ave  of  whom  are  living;  Mary.  Mrs. 
irman  Elizabeth.  Mrs.  Alida  Smith  and  Anna.  Mrs.  Bloser  diedNovember  5, 
1866  and  Mr  Bloser  subsequently  married,  April  T.  18G8,  Miss  Mary  A,  Kendig,  a  native 
of  this  township  and  who  moved  to  Franklin  County.  Peine,  at  six  years  oi  age,  With  Inn 
,,  I  and  Ajine  (Bowers)  Kendig,  natives  of  Lancaster  County,  Penn..  but 
residing  in  Cumberland  County  from  childhood.  They  resided  at  Orrstown  at  the  time 
of  their  death;  Mr.  Eendig  dying  April  11,  1868,  and  his  widow,  Februarys,  1869.  To  Mr. 
and  Mrs  Bloser  were  born  one  sonl  William  Edwardjand  one  daughter  (Nora,  deceased). 
y\,  Bloser  has  been  industrious  and  successful  in  life  and  has  acquired  a  line  farm  of  304 
acres  in  Frankford  Township.  In  addition  to  this  lie  owns  a  tine  home  in  Plainfleld  and 
a  handsome  plat  of  four  acres,  on  which  is  established  the  Plainfleld  Cemetery,  looated  in 
1867.  Mr.  Bloser  and  his  worthy  wife  and  family  are  members  of  the  Church  of  God,  and 
be  has  been  an  elder  ever  since  the  church  was  established.  He  is  a  life-long  Republican 
and  an  earnest  advocate  of  the  principles  of  temperance. 

WILLI  \M    C.    BRADLEY,   retired,  P.O.    Xewville.   was  born   near    West   Chester, 

Chester  Co.,  Penn.,  in   1818,  son  of  Joseph   and  Hannah  (Carpenter)  Bradley,  who  were 

ni-  of  eight  i  bildren,  of  whom  William  C.  Jason.  Thomas,  Caroline  and  Emmor 

are  living.    Our  subject   received  a  liberal  education,  and  his  first  venture  in  a  business 

jwith  Robert  Coleman,  at  Martick  Forge,  in  Lancaster  County,  in  1836.    At  that 

time  the  Colemans  were  the  best  known  iron  manufacturers  in  the  State,  and  from  a  small 

ng  the  business  has  grown,  until   now  their  interests  are  second  to  none  in  the 

United  Slates.    For  a  number  of  years  our  subject  was  book-keeper,  and  afterward  managed 

the  business  at   Lebanon,  Si dwell  and  Martick  Forge.     From  Speedwell  he  went   to 

Oregon,  Baltimon  County;  from  there  to  Columbia,  Lancaster  County;  and  thence  to  Har- 
risburg,  where  he  took  charge  of  Mr.  McCormick's  iron  works,  and.  later,  was  interested 

in  the  manufacture  of  iron  near  Harper's  Ferry  on  the  Potomac.  At  numerous  places  in 
the  Cumberland  Valley  and  along  the  Potomac,  he  has  managed  the  business  of  Hon. 
Tbaddeus  Bievens.     Mr   Bradlej  has  chiefly  been  interested  in  the  iron  trade,  and  is  well 

ij    all  the  manufacturers,      lie  was  married,  in    1840,  to  Harriet    Thomas,  and    this 

,:  children,  of  whom  five  are  living:  Bailie  (wife  of  T.  C.  Babb, 
Susie  (wife  of  George  C.  Kelly,  of  Lewisburg),  Caroline,  Albina 
and  Harriet    who  reside  with  their  father  in  the  pleasant  mansion  near  the  borough  of 
Newville.    Mrs   Bradley  died  in  is7'.i.  and  the  daughters  now  make  the  old  home  pleasant 
for  their  father;  and  am  d  the  manj   comforts  which  surround  men  of  wealth  and   refined 
taste-,  his  days  are  serenely  passed.    Our  subject's  life  has  been  an  active  one.  but  his 
bis  hair  is  white  as  snow.    He  has  now  retired  from  active  busi 
me  ne\  er  smirchi  d  w  ith  dishonor. 
FKANKLIN   PIERCE   BREHM,  manufacturer,  Plainfleld,  was  born  September  30, 
kford  Township,  this  county,  where  his  father.  Henry  Brehm,  still  resides. 
Our  subject  followed  farming  until  he  was  twenty-one  years  of  age,  when  he  began  learn- 
.  > (r«  Strohm,  of  Plainfleld,  this  county  completing  his  appren- 
ticeship in  three  pears,  and  then  worked  four  years  for  Mr.  Strohm.     He  located  at  Good 
Hope,  this  township,  in  1880,  and  established  a  general  coach  house,  which  he  continued 
until  he  built  his  presenl  large  and  commodious  establishment  in  the  Call  of  1SS">    into 
which    he  moved  in  the  lirsi  week  of   December   following.     He  has   a  large   three-story 


576  BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES: 

building,  45x60  feet,  well  fitted  up,  where  he  carries  on  a  very  extensive  business,  manu- 
facturing buggies,  carriages,  spring  wagons,  sleighs,  etc..  employing  from  nine  to  twelve 
hands.  His  goods  have  an  excellent  reputation,  and  besides  supplying  the  home  demand, 
he  hasquite  a  large  shipping  trade  throughout  the  East  and  West.  In  addition  to  his  busi- 
ness property,  Mr.  Brehm  has  built  himself  a  very  handsome  residence  not  far  from  the 
station.  He  married,  February  7,  1872,  Miss  Katie  A.  Beidlow,  and  has  two  children: 
Bessie  Maude  and  Harry  LeRoy.  Mr.  B  re  lira,  is  an  enterprising  business  man  and  an  up- 
right and  useful  citizen.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church,  and  has  been  for  seven 
years  superintendent  in  the  Sabbat u-sehool  at  Plainfield.     In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat. 

DAVID  BRICKER  (deceased),  a  native  of  Lancaster  County,  Penn.,  was  a  son  of 
David  Bricker,  who  immigrated  to  that  county  from  Germany  with  his  brother  Christo- 
pher before  the  Revolutionary  war.  He  raised  his  family  in  that  county,  and  there  re- 
sided until  his  death.  He  had  a  son — Christopher — who  was  a  soldier  in  the  Revolution. 
David  Bricker,  our  subject,  married  a  Miss  Erb;  came  to  Newville,  Cumberland  Co., 
Penn.,  in  1794,  and  acquired  an  estate  of  over  400  acres,  including  a  part  of  the  town  of 
Newville.  He  lived  to  he  nearly  ninety  years  of  age,  his  wife  having  died  about  four 
years  before  his  death.  They  raised  a  family  of  six  children:  Levi  (died  in  Westmore- 
land County,  Penn.),  John,  Jacob  (died  in  Mechanicsburg),  David,  Mrs.  Mary  Dork  and 
Mrs.  Margaret  Ann  Heffleman,  all  died  at  Newville.  this  couniy.  The  second  son,  John, 
married  Miss  Kliza  House,  and  settled  in  the  Cross  Roads  District,  in  West  Pennsborough 
Township,  and  here  resided  until  his  death.  He  died  February  16,  1875,  at  the  age  of 
eighty-four  years;  bis  widow  now  resides  in  Newville.  They  raised  a  family  of  five  sous: 
John  H. ;  William  H.,  of  Beaver  Falls,  Penn.,  the  present  register  of  Beaver  County;  P. 
D.,  an  attorney  at  Jersey  Shore,  Penn.;  Samuel,  of  North  Vernon,  Ind. ;  George  S.,  of 
Newville. 

JOHN  H.  BRICKER,  farmer  and  nurseryman,  P.  O.  Newville,  was  born  March  13, 
1836.  He  married  Miss  Catharine  Shannon  June  8,  1858,  and  after  living  in  Monroe  Town- 
ship about  four  years,  settled  on  the  present  home  farm.  Mr.  Bricker  enlisted,  in  August, 
1861,  in  the  Third  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Cavalry;  was  assigned  to  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac,  and  took  part  in  the  Virginia  campaigns  of  that  year,  receiving  disabilities  in 
December  necessitating  his  discharge.  Returning  home  he  has  devoted  himself  to  the  arts 
of  peace.  He  established  a  nursery  on  his  farm  in  1867.  and  now  does  a  large  and  suc- 
cessful business,  supplying  the  large  home  trade  and  shipping  to  the  West  and  South. 
Mrs.  Bricker  died  February  18,  1873,  leaving  two  children:  William,  of  Williamsport, 
Penn.,  and  Mary.  Mr.  Bricker  afterward  married,  in  September.  1875,  Miss  Julia 
Bolen,  aud  to  this  union  have  been  born  two  children:  John  F.  and  Ellen.  Mr.  Bricker 
is  a  supporter  of  the  Republican  party;  takes  a  deep  interest  in  the  cause  of  education, 
and  has  served  his  township  as  school  director  for  about  twelve  years;  is  an  upright  and 
useful  citizen,  and  enjoys  the  respect  of  the  community. 

HENRY  J.  BRINKERHOFF,  merchant  and  postmaster,  Mount  Rock,  was  born 
November  19,  1855,  in  Gettysburg,  Adams  Co.,  Penn.  His  father,  John  J.  BnnkerhofE.  a 
native  of  same  county,  and  a  descendant  of  one  of  the  oldest  families  in  the  county,  mar- 
Tied  Miss  Sophia  Saltzgiver,  of  the  same  county.  He  was  a  merchant;  died  in  1855,_  leav- 
ing a  daughter  (now  Miss  Clara  Grammar,  of  Altpona),  and  a  son  (Henry).  Mrs.  Brinker- 
hoff afterward  married  John  Peoples,  and  now  resides  at  Lisburn.  Penn.  Our  subject 
was  brought  up  in  the  family  of  his  uncle.  M.  G.  Saltzgiver,  in  Cumberland  County,  prin- 
cipally in  Dickinson,  Monroe  and  Newton  Townships'.  When  about  seventeen  years  old 
he  began  clerking  in  a  general  store  in  Leesburg,  afterward  carrying  on  a  store  for  three 
years,  at  Huntsdale,  for  Mr.  Ernst.  In  1878  he  embarked  in  business  for  himself  at  Bar- 
nitz  Station,  this  county.  In  March,  1883,  he  established  himself  at  Mount  Rock,  under 
firm  name  of  Brinkerhoff  &  Co.,  and  here  keeps  a  full  stock  of  dry  goods,  groceries,  boots, 
shoes,  hats,  caps,  notions  and  a  complete  line  of  articles  necessary  to  supply  the  wants  of 
the  community.  By  his  courtesy  to  customers  aud  strict  attention  to  business  he  has  built 
up  a  large  and  flourishing  trade.  He  was  appointed  postmaster  of  Mount  Rock  at  the 
time  he'took  charge  of  the  store;  was  also  instrumental  in  establishing  the  postoffice  at 
Barnitz,  which  he  held  during  the  time  he  lived  there.  Mr.  Brinkerhoff  was  married,  in 
1875,  to  Miss  Anna  M.  Watson,  of  Stoughstown.  To  this  union  have  been  born  three 
children:  George  Erskin,  William  Henry  and  Sallie  Bertha.  Our  subject  is  an  earnest 
Republican,  and  takes  a  deep  interest  in  public  affairs.  He  is  an  enterprising  and  success- 
ful business  man  and  an  upright,  useful  and  respected  citizen. 

THOMAS  R.  BURGNER.  miller.  P.  O.  Plainfield.  was  born  July  14,  1838,  in  Lebanon 
County,  Penn.,  son  of  Jacob  and  Anna  Maria  (Raub)  Burgner  (the  latter  was  a  member  of 
an  old  and  influential  family  in  this  county).  They  located  on  the  old  homestead  of  Mr. 
Burgner's  family,  where  Mrs.  Burgner  still  resides  at  an  advanced  age.  but  in  robust 
health.  Mr.  Burgner  died  July  13,  1886,  aged  seventy-four  years.  Our  subject,  the  eldest 
in  a  family  of  ten  children,  learned  the  miller's  trade  in  1854;  enlisted.  October  17,  1862, 
in  the  Third  Pennsylvania  Artillery,  and  was  assigned  to  the  Army  of  the  James.  Early 
in  1863  he  was  recommended,  and  passed  an  examination,  for  the  position  of  military  li- 
brarian, and  had  charge  of  the  historical  collections  and  artillery-school  stores  at  Fortress 


\\  ESI  PENNSBOROUGB    TOWNSHIP. 


577 


Monroe   Ya    until  the  expiration  of  his  term,  and  during  this 

J,,,-,',  courts-martial  and  military  commissions.     He  was  dischai    ed 

„.  an  -  scellenl  rnilil  irj  record      Our  subject  was  m  irn;  d,  Decern- 

.     |        |  Eckerl   of  Newville,  this  county,  a  daughter  oi  John   Eckert, 

whowas  |  anty,  moved  to  Virginia  in  I860  and  died  in  1880  at  the 

[•he  children  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Burgner  were  Mar)    Agnes,  John   1... 

„  ia   Henrj   (dec<  i  ed)    Li  zie  A..    Grama  C..   Ma  Mai 

1;,k|1.  Raj    rhomas  U.  S.,  Carrie  Lucretia  and  Arthur  LeKoy.     Mr.  Burgner  has  spent 

three  vears  in  the  nursery  and  mercantile  business  ai  Bhiremanstown,  six  years  in  the  em- 

miUer,  ,,i  T    I  »l   Mechanicsburg,  and  for  the  past  twelve  yeai 

i  milling  on  C idoguinel  Creek,  this  township.     He  was  elected  auditor 

of  Cumberland  County,  on  the  Republican  ticket,  in  1875;  re-elected  in  1878,  and  during 
his  term  of  service  many  reforms  were  accomplished  in  county  affairs,  due  to  bis 
and  interesl  in  the  welfare  of  the  people.    Personally  Mr.  Burgner  isa  gentleman  o  portly 
and  commanding  physique,  genial  and  courteous  disposition,  and  has  a  host  oi  warm 
friends  in  Cumberland  County.  .  .  . 

HENRY  CUiL  postmaster  and  mechanic,  Plainfleld,  was  born  April  14,  lode,  in 
rownship,  Perry  Co.,  Penn.  His  father  John  Carl,  a  native  oi  same  county, 
married  Miss  Elizabeth  Smee;  was  a  carpenter  and  weaver,  and  resided  in  tins  locality  un- 
til hisdeathin  L880,  when  seventj  three  years  ol  age.  His  widow,  who  survives  him.  re- 
sideaon  the  same  place,  and  is  seventy-sin;  years  old.  Of  their  children,  Mrs.  Catharine 
tfra  Sarah  Ellen  Hood,  Mrs.  Jane  8ponsler  and  John  A.  reside  in  Carlisle;  Eman- 
ael  lives  in  Landisburg;  Mrs.  Amelia  Fenicle  and  Adeline  are  still  in  Perry  C  ounty.  Our 
subject  came  to  Cumberland  County  at  sixteen  years  of  age.     He  was  married  February 

88    I860    to  Miss  Sarah  A.  Watson,  and  after  farming  for  twelve  years  moved  to  1  lainheld 
in    1872    and    here    he   has  followed    his  trade,  thai  of  a  carpenter  and  joiner,  ever  since. 

ippointed  postmaster  of  Plainfleld  October  1.  1885,  and  at  the  time  established  a 
confectionery  in  the  same  room.  He  has  been  industrious  and  successful  in  life,  and  has 
accumulated  a  comfortable  home  property  in  Plainfleld.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Carl  were  born 
four  children:  Charles  Edwin,  William  W..  Ann.'  E.  and  Erne  M.  Mr.  Carl  has  ever  been 
B  Democrat  He  has  served  this  township  three  years  as  school  director.  He  and  his 
worthy  wife  are  members  of  the  Church  of  God.  , 

Wii  i  LAM  CAROTHERS  (deceased)  was  born  January  12,  1789,  in  West  Pennsbor- 
ouBh  Town-hip  tins  eouniv.  son  of  Andrew  and  Margaret  (Geddes)  Carothers,  early  set- 
tlers of  Cumberland  County.  Our  subject  was  twice  married;  on  first  occasion  to  Miss 
Ann  daughter  of  Abraham  Line,  one  of  the  sons  of  the  original  George  Line,  lhey  set- 
tled at  once  on  the  family  homestead,  on  the  Chambersburg  Pike,  and  here  Mrs.  Caro- 
thers died  in  1888.  To  this  union  were  bom  four  children— two  ol  whom  died  in  infancy, 
Ann  Rebecca  died  soon  alter  her  marriage  with  James  M.  Carothers  and  Margaret  Jane. 
who  afterward  married  Miss  Esther  McFeeley,  died  March  9,  18,0.  in  his 
eightieth  year,  hi- widow  following  him  January  10.  1878,  in  her  eighty-ninth  year.  Mr. 
Carothers;  whowas   an   enterprising   and   successful   farmer,  acquired  untie  farm  Ot  ~UU 

,  h  hid had  a  handsome  residence  and  substantial  farm   buildings,     lie  was  a 

-ic> rot   the  Presbyterian  Church.     Miss  Margaret  Jane  Carothers,  the 

i  who  survives,  now  owns  the  family  homestead,  where  she  resides,  and  is  also  tlie 
possessor  oi  a  fine  farm  of   184  acre,  of  fertile,  well  improved  land.     She  is  a  consistent 
relical  Association,  and  is  a  lady  of  estimable  Christian  character, 
having  the  respect  of  the  community.  . 

JAMES  M   CAROTHERS,  farmer,  P.  ().  Plainfleld,  was  born  August  4,  1829,  in  the 
here  he  now  lives,  in  West  Pennsborough Township,  this  county.    His  father  Will- 
iam M  .  a  son  of  Armstrong  Carothers.  and  also  a  native  of  this  township,  married    Miss 
Fanny   daughter  of  George  Clark,  of  Frankford  Township.  Cumberland  Co.,  Penn.,  and 
ciiier  of  William  Clark,  a  colonel  in  the  Continental   Army   during  the    Revolu- 
tion     ai i  1828  William  M.  Carothers  and  family  located  in  the  McAllister  District, 

,\,-t  P  ;    rownship,  this  county,  and  here  resided  until  his  death,     rheircbil- 

as  follows:  George,  in  Frontier  County.  Neb;  Jane:  Armstrong,  who  died  in  Wood 
Ohio;  William  W\.  in  Big  Spring,  this  county.  Mrs,  .Martha  Eliza  Duffy,  in 
Mount  Holly  Springs,  this  county;  Rev.  Martin  J.,  a  presiding  elder  in  the  Evangelical 
A-s  I,  iation  al  Milton,  Northumberland  Co.,  Penn.;  Mary  (deceased)  and  James  M.  w  ill- 
iam  M  Carothers  ended  a  useful  life  July  81,  1864,  and  his  esteemed  widow  followed  him 
Novem  '  the  advanced  age  of :  eighty-three  years.  They  were  an  upright  pioneer 

iv  will  long  be  honored.    Our  subject  completed  his  education 

under  Prof   R   K.  Burns,  al  Plainfleld  Academy,  this  county,  and  early  adopted  the  pro- 

ching  which  be  followed  for  six  years,  leaving  an  honorable  record  as  a 

faithful  and  efficient  teacher.     He  remained  at  home  and  look  care  of  ins  aged  parents 

until  their  death.     He  has  purchased  the  interesl  of  the  other  heirs  in  the  homestead,  and 

owns  a  line  farm  of  fifty-tWO  acres  of  fertile  and  well-improved  land.  Mr.  Carothers  was 
married  March  80,  l««tj,  to  Miss  Ann  Rebecca,  daughter  of  William  and  Anne  il.me) 
Carotber-   and  who  died  i  ictober  14,  same  year.     She  was  a  lady  of  estimable  Christian 


578  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

character,  and  her  early  death  was  mourned  by  a  large  circle  of  friends.  Mr.  Carothers 
was  married  on  second  occasion  February  23,  1871,  to  Isabel  J.  Kernan,  of  tins  township, 
and  has  one  daughter,  Mary  J.  Mr.  Carotliers  is  a  life-long  Democrat,  with  strong  tem- 
perance principles.  He  and  his  worthy  wife  are  consistent  members  of  the  Evangelical 
Association,  in  whirl]  he  is  class-leader. 

JAMES  A.  DAVIDSON,  farmer,  P.  O.  Kerrsville.  was  born  July  11,  1827,  in  West 
Pennsborough  Townsliip,  this  county,  son  of  Alexander  Davidson.  He  w:is  brought  up 
on  his  father's  farm,  and  received  his  education  principally  in  the  schools  of  the  home 
district.  September  1,  1853,  he  married  Miss  Nancy  C,  daughter  of  William  Nettle,  of 
this  township,  and  they  have  resided  on  the  family  homestead  here  ever  since.  To  them 
were  born  ten  children,  seven  now  living:  Mrs.  Jane  Ellen  McKeehan,  Lucy  Cordelia, 
Mary  Alice,  Mrs.  Nannie  Merrette  Green,  William  Alexander,  Anna  Amelia  and  Carrie 
Rabecca.  Mr.  Davidson  is  a  life-long  Republican,  and  takes  a  deep  interest  in  public 
affairs.  He  has  served  his  township  acceptably  as  school-director,  assessor,  and  in  other 
capacities,  and  is  a  highly  respected  citizen. 

JOHN  S.  DAVIDSON,  farmer,  P.  0.  Kerrsville.  was  born  March  2,  1829,  in  West 
Pennsborough  Townsliip,  this  county.  His  father,  Alexander  Davidson,  also  a  native  of 
this  county,  and  a  son  of  John  Davidson,  married  Miss  Jane,  daughter  of  John  and  Jane 
Wooilburn,  of  Dickinson  Township,  tbis  county,  and  settled  on  a  farm  in  the  Kerrsville 
District,  where  they  acquired  an  estate  of  about  500  acres  of  farm  land.  In  1858  they 
retired  from  active  labor  and  located  in  Newville,  where  they  resided  until  their  death, 
Mr.  Davidson  dying  October  19,  1865,  aged  seventy-eight,  and  his  widow  August  19,  1879, 
aged  eighty-years  and  eight  months.  To  them  were  born  eight  children.  Our  subject 
completed  his  education  in  the  academy  at  Lititz,  Lancaster  Co.,  Penu.;  was  engaged  in 
mercantile  business  in  Plainfleld.  this  township,  from  1851  to  1859,  and  while  there,  Janu- 
ary 1,  1856,  was  married.  In  1859  he  retired  from  mercantile  business  and  located  on  the 
farm  of  150  acres,  where  he  now  resides,  and  which,  in  early  times,  was  owned  by  Rev. 
Joshua  Williams,  a  Presbyterian  minister,  who  built  the  handsome  residence  in  which  he 
resides.  Mr.  Davidson  is  a  director  in  the  First  National  Bank  of  Newville,  as  was  also 
his  father  before  him.  He  is  a  Republican  in  politics,  and  takes  a  deep  interest  in  public 
affairs.  He  has  served  the  township  many  years  in  the  school  board,  and  was  appointed 
government  assessor  of  internal  revenue  for  Dickinson,  West  Pennsborough  and  Frank- 
ford  Townships. 

HENRY  DONER,  retired  farmer,  Plainfleld.  was  born  August  4,  1818.  in  West  Penns- 
borough Township,  this  county.  His  parents,  Daniel  and  Elizabeth  Doner,  of  Lancaster 
County,  Penn.,  located  in  Frankford  Township,  Cumberland  County.  Penn.,  in  1805,  and 
after  four  years  finally  settled  in  West  Pennsborough  Townsliip.  where  they  took  up  a 
new  farm,  which  they  cleared  and  developed.  They  raised  a  family  of  ten  children,  all  of 
whom  married:  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Hale  died  at  Upper  Sandusky,  Ohio;  Abraham  (deceased); 
Daniel  died  in  Johnson  County,  Iowa;  John,  in  Pennsborough  Township;  Nancy  Wag- 
goner, of  Newville;  Jacob;  Mrs.  Fannie  Line  (deceased);  Mrs.  Maria  Rudy,  of  Dauphin 
County,  Penn.;  Henry  and  David.  Mr.  Doner  died  February  25,  1853,  in  his  seventy-sec- 
ond year;  his  widow  followed  him  March  7,  1875,  at  the  advanced  age  of  ninety-six 
years,  two  months  and  twenty-six  days.  They  were  industrious  pioneers,  and  their  mem- 
ory will  long  be  honored.  Our  subject  was  brought  up  on  the  farm  on  which  he  now 
resides,  and' received  his  education  in  the  schools  of  the  home  district.  August  3,  1848, 
he  married  Miss  Mary  Ann  Leidick,  of  Silver  Spring  Township,  this  county,  where  she 
was  born  March  2,  1830.  daughter  of  John  and  Margaret  (Albert)  Leidick,  natives  of  this 
county,  where  they  passed  their  entire  lives.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Doner  have  residedon  the 
homestead  farm  ever  since  their  marriage,  and  own  a  fine  farm  of  135  acres  of  fertile  and 
well  improved  land,  with  elegant  residence  and  out-buildings.  To  them  were  born  four 
children:  Elizabeth  Ann,  who  died  at  seven  years  of  age;  Mrs.  Margaret  Ellen  Bear,  liv- 
ing on  the  homestead;  Henry  Calvin,  who  died  in  his  twenty-second  year,  and  Mrs.  Laura 
May  Moyer,  who  died  in  her  twenty-first  year.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Doner  are  consistent  mem- 
bers of  the  Lutheran  Church.  Mr.  Doner  is  a  Republican  in  politics.  He  is  an  upright, 
useful  citizen,  a  man  of  firm  principles,  and  enjoys  the  highest  respect  and  esteem  of  the 
community. 

DAVID  DONER,  farmer,  P.  O.  Kerrsville,  was  born  April  6.  1820,  in  West  Penns- 
borough Township.  Cumberland  Co.,  Penn.,  sou  of  Daniel  and  Elizabeth  Doner.  He  was 
brought  up  on  his  father's  farm,  and  received  his  education  in  the  schools  of  the  home 
district.  He  married.  October  26,  1845,  Miss  Susan  Miller,  who  was  born  in  York  County, 
Penn.,  and  moved  to  Mifflin  Township,  this  county,  in  girlhood,  with  her  parents.  Henry 
and  Elizabeth  Miller.  After  living  eighteen  years  on  their  farm  on  the  banks  of  the 
Conodogilinet  Creek,  this  township.  Mr.  Doner  finally  located  on  the  State  road,  where 
he  now  resides  and  owns  a  fine  farm  of  114  acres,  with  handsome  residence  and  farm 
buildings,  besides  another  place  of  106  acres  on  tin-  creek.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Doner  were 
born  four  children:  Daniel  Henry,  who  died  in  childhood;  Joseph,  who  died  at  twenty- 
four  years  of  age;  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Bear,  living  on  the  home  place,  and  Alfred  M.,  of  Plain- 
field.     Mrs.  Doner  died  April  5,  1885.     Mr.  Doner  is  an  earnest  Republican.     He  has  lead 


WEST  PENNSBOROCGB  TOWNSHIP.  579 

,»,  ,niv,.  taduatriooB  We,  devoting  himself  mostly  to  the  management  of  Ma  farm.     Be 

S3  now  stands!    Grandfather  never  knew  what  became  of  .some 

nf his  1  .roth  .'-       On  theQuarry  Hill  farm  were  born  twelve  children;  Jennie,  th   eiaest, 

V,         ■  ^7«fi  followed  bvMary  John,  Elizabeth,  James,  Sarah  and  Ai.uk.  all  born 

I,  ,  hi.  »ii,. .  [.Iter'.  tarn.  1  Here  th.  M  f™ffi"j     »     • 

:;!;:,;:::,  &hg%S?SSS.  e££ W  gnr?  I S 

I  m.lr  dai      '.ft v-ei-hth   iu^iinV.it  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  under  Col.  D.  ».  McKib- 
Hundrea  .  n     i i  t\  .       .-.  ;     N'o.th  Carolina,  but  theregimenl  also  did  duty 

EfcwRf rU5«2l  HewaTpronfoted  from  corporal  to  sergeant  of  his  company  and 
r  ■■  • i  his 1 a  ree  August  18  1863  November^,  L863,  his  marriage  with  Minnie  EL 
m    !,         ■•  ™     ,7 .1  .li  :  young  bride  was  taken  to  iheold  stone  mansion  so  many  fears 

J  ,!      ,  B  and  oYtheliaWe  leased).    This  interesting  family  are  the  X^hvlerian 
Stonud  old  name  they  bear.     Mr.   Fulton  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Pre»bj  tcrian 
AtNewvMe    n  which  he  has  been  a  trustee  for  a  number  ol  years.      , 
ROBRRT  M  GRA.H  VM   farmer.  P.  O.  Plainfield.    The  Graham  family  is  one  pf  the 

!    Uh-,i,   Ooo6etta.dC lY-     Tl„-  .;.;.■.  -   -.»..    (...-n  :>'■■.;''"»""    £„""'     w 

,i  t,,,m  .1.  .i  ii   in.  ..I   in",  resided  wi  h  hi.  uncle,  lh,h,hi  n.  ..lamim.    i.e 

i'li"    ,    "u...  '.in    helchoolsof  bis  township,  and  when  twenty-one ,com- 

ng  school  and  for  seven  years  followed  tins  profession  »  ^f^own- 

s"  i„  this , „.v  I  F.  K.  Ployer  was  one  of  his  pupils).     Having  been  raised  on  italic 

rf  ,liture  to  a  professional  life,  he  subsequently  took  chargeo     m  ui       s 

,        In  u£  he  was  marri,' 1  ,.,  I!,i ,-:,  J.  McKeehan  whose  ancestry  dates  back  more 

an  a  century     She  is  a  daughterof  Joseph  and  Jane  M.  (Skiles)  McKeehan      Ihe^ mar 

*  I    i    -  ..    Robert  andhis  young  wife  waS  commenced  on  his  uncle's  homestead,  which 

haVdescended  from  father  lo  son  since  the  days  of  WiUiam  Penn.  from  whom  they  have 

',:  !  i  •  ,      Jant     On  .his  farm  were  horn  their  children,  Joseph  M    «  ^of  Mn 

:      our  subject's  present   home  was  the  paternal  homestead .of  Mrs 

a  to  whom  ii  descended  i.y  inheribvnee.    The  first  offldal  term  served  by  Robert 

i         nof  L878,  when  be  was  elected  prothoni 

lasdeputy  i  md  still  continues  in  th.s  office.    In  1884 ,he .was  eectea 

tasticeof  th-  low,, shi,,.  »nd  as  a  conscientious  official,  publu  i»    "        '  *  n 

S3  good  bus  has  few  equals,  and  his  neighbors  unite  in  saymgof  him  that 

"  truly  he  is  a  man  a  _    „    „  ,  .no    is><>    ;,,  Wpqt 

fAMEd  D    GREASON,  farmer,  P.  O.  Greason,  was  born  April  2.   1842,  in   vvesti 
P,.„;  ;  ,  ,   ,,-di'Town.h;,,.  .his  county.     His  father,  James  Greason,  born  November  26, 
i     „  tWsfounty.  was  a -o„  „i  William  and  Agnes  (Waugb)  Greason     '""•*«•«? 
Br    comoleted  his  HI  e  in  Dickinson  Coll«-ge  Carli  le   graduating  in  1795.  being 

o,  President  Buchanan.   After  graduating  he  pursued  a   egal  course  at ^gr- 
and was  admitted  to  the  bar.     He  married  Miss  Mary  Carothers,  oi  tins  county, 


5S0  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

about  the  latter  part  of  the  year  1804.  and  at  once  retired  to  a  farm  in  Silver  Spring  Town- 
s-hip. but  soon  moved  to  a  f  am  in  West  Pennsborough  Township  (a  portion  of  the  Caro- 
tlier's  estate),  to  which  he  added,  until  he  finally  possessed  aboul  800  ai  res  in  the  Greason 
School  District,  lie  erected  buildings  on  most  of  the  farms  during  his  life.  He  died  July 
4.  1855,  his  wife  having  preceded  him  in  1854.  Our  subject  completed  bis  education  in 
the  academy  at  Shippensburg,  and,  in  the  spring  of  1843,  opened  a  drug  store  in  that  town, 
where  he  continued  until  1845,  when  he  established  himself  in  the  same  line  of  business 
at  Nashville,  Tenn.     He  returned  from  there  in  Decern1.  I  has  lived  in  Cumber- 

land County  ever  since.  3  tnuary  10,  1854,  he  married  Mis-  Elmira  J.  Bitner,  and  located 
at  once  on  the  family  homestead,  where  thej  now  reside,  and  where  his  father  lived  from 
1826  until  his  death.  They  have  here  a  fine  farm  of  150  acres,  on  which  they  bavi 
a  fine  residence,  and  also  own  110  acres  adjoining,  and  also  185  acres  from  his  father-in- 
law's  estate.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Greason  have  been  born  two  children:  Henry  Bitner 
(deceased  in  infancy)  and  Ralph.  They  have  also  brought  up  in  their  family  Miss  Grace 
Eppley.  Mrs    (treason's  cousin. 

JOHN  GRELDER,  retired  farmer,  Plainfield,  was  born  October  1,  1812.  in  Silver 
Spring  Township,  Cumberland  Co.,  Penn.  His  parents.  Jacob  and  Anna  (Bowers)  Greider, 
natives  of  Lancaster  County.  Penn.,  were  among  the  early  settlers  of  Silver  Spring  Town- 
ship, this  county.  Jacob  Greider  was  stricken  down  with  apoplexy  in  1827:  his  widow 
survived  him  until  1808,  and  was  nearly  eighty-five  years  old  when  she  died.  Of  their 
nine  children  three  are  living:  Henry,  of  Kosciusko  County.  Ind  ;  Mrs.  Anna  Railing,  of 
Des  Moines,  Iowa,  and  John.  Our  subject  was  brought 'up  on  Ins  father's  farm,  and 
attended  the  schools  of  the  home  district.  He  was  married.  September  4,  1834,  to  Miss 
Catharine,  daughter  of  John  and  Catharine  (Keiser)  Heikes,  the  former  a  native  of  York 
County,  and  the  latter  of  Perry  County.  Penn..  and  who  settled  in  West  Pennsborough 
Township,  this  county,  in  very  early  times,  and  now  lie  buried  on  the  farm.  Of  the  six 
children  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Heikes  all  lived  to  an  advanced  age:  Mrs.  Rachel  Paul,  George, 
Mrs.  Elizabeth  Leas,  Mrs.  Catharine  Greider.  David,  Mrs.  Rebecca  Weisley— all  now 
deceased  but  Catharine.  Mr.  Greider,  after  farming  for  three  years,  kept  store  three 
years  at  West  Hill  and  in  1844  located  on  Conodoguinet  Creek,  and  has  resided  here 
since  that  year.  They  possessed  a  fine  estate  of  300  or  400  acres  at  one  time,  most  of 
which  they  have  divided  among  their  children,  but  still  own  the  West  Hill  Mill,  which  is 
a  tine  property.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Greider  have  been  born  eight  children— six  of  whom 
are  now  living:  Mrs.  Rachel  Zolen  (of  Steele  City,  Neb.),  Jacob,  John.  David  and  Mrs. 
Anna  Diller  (twins,  now  living  near  Steele  City,  Neb.)  and  George  (of  Belle  Plain,  Kas.). 
Mr.  Greider.  though  a  Republican  in  politics,  has  not  cast  a  vote  since  he  voted  for  Henry 
Clay,  in  1844.  He  was  an  acquaintance  and  admirer  of  Bayard  Taylor.  He  has  been 
a  man  of  very  active  life  and  industrious  habits;  has  been  a  careful  and  extensive  reader, 
a  close  observer  of  men  and  affairs,  and  being  a  natural  orator  has  been  ca:led  to  preach  at 
funerals,  etc  ,  for  the  past  twenty-five  years.  His  children,  all  well  educated,  are  taking  a 
high  position  in  business  and  society. 

GEORGE  GROVE,  physician,  Big  Spring,  has  been  one  of  the  most  active  members 
of  the  medical  profession,  and  is  to-day  the  oldest  practicing  physician  in  the  Cumberland 
Valley.  He  was  born  August  11.  1811,  in  Chambersburg,  Franklin  Co..  Penn..  son  of  Ja- 
cob and  Elizabeth  (Welsh)  Grove,  three  of  whose  daughters,  all  widows,  are  still  living: 
Mrs.  Nancy  Seibert,  of  Chambersburg;  Mrs.  Jane  Pfeffer  and  Mrs.  Mary  Jeffries,  of  Phila- 
delphia. Our  subject  received  his  scholastic  educatiou  in  Chambersburg;  graduated  with 
honor,  in  1836'.  at  the  Jefferson  Medical  College,  of  Philadelphia.  Penn..  his  diploma  bear- 
ing the  signatures  of  some  of  the  most  noted  men  in  the  State:  Granville  S.  Pattison,  M. 
D.;  George  McClellan.  M.  D..  father  of  Gen.  George  B.  McClellan,  and  also  of  Samuel 
McClellan.  M.  D.,  who  is  one  of  the  finest  obstetricians  in  the  United  States.  Dr.  Grove 
was  married,  April  6.  1837,  to  Miss  Louisa  Horn,  of  Hagerstown.  Md.,  who  bore  him  four 
daughters  and  two  sons  (both  named  George,  the  first  of  whom  died  in  infancy,  and  the 
second  enlisted  in  Company  D.  Seventy-eighth  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry. when  only 
seventeen,  and  died  a  few  weeks  later  in  the  hospital  at  Nashville.  Tenn.).  The  daughters 
are  Josephine,  Mary.  Elizabeth  anil  Emma  L.  Josephine  and  Emma  are  living,  and  in  every 
respect  inherit  the  noble  qualities  of  their  mother,  who  died  October  27.  1847.  Dr.  Grove 
subsequently  married  Mrs.  Martha  Burkhardt,  who  bore  him  one  son,  Diller.  now  a  resi- 
dent of  Carlisle.  The  Doctor's  third  wife  was  Mary  A.  E..  daughter  of  John  and  Louisa 
Trego.  He  was  an  iron  manufacturer  and  merchant  of  Cumberland  Valley.  After  fifty 
years  of  active  practice  the  Doctor  isstill  hale  and  vigorous,  his  hair  is  raven  black,  and  his 
step  is  as  sprightly  and  clastic  as  that  of  a  youth  of  twenty.  Possessed  of  a  liberal  education 
and  brilliant  mind,  be  has  for  many  years  been  considered  an  authority  on  medical  matters 
in  this  and  neighboring  counties,  ami  his  position  is  a  really  enviable  one  among  the  faculty 
in  the  State.  His  daughters  have  also  received  a  liberal  education,  and  their  accomplish- 
ments afford  additional  pleasure  to  their  father,  who  has  devoted  so  much  of  his  valuable 
time  to  them. 

JOHN  C.  KEISER,  merchant,  Plainfield.  was  born  September  29.  1833,  in  Perry 
County.  Penn.,  son  of  Jacob  and  Catharine  (Ritter)  Keiser,  natives  of  that  county,  who 


WEST  PENNSBOROUGH  TOWNSHIP.  ',sl 

,,„,.,„,,;„  w  ough  Tp..  Cumberland  Co.,  Penn  .  in  early  tin*  ixd 

','',.  „„[,,,  I  resided  until  their  death.     Our  subject,  .1, 

on*  and Ithree  daughters,  at  tore  of  his 

•  Perry  Count,    and   there  remained 

, .    «   "  twent?   years  old       He  spent  four   fears  in  the  West,  engaged  in  mer 

"""  ,  '  mm.,]    ill    and  Davenport    [owa.     He  came  to  Cumberland 

"  '"V"  V!  store  at  QrWon1    n  1859.  which  be  l.as  carried  on  ever 

'.at'V's,   Hil1.°G I   Hope.  M,,unt  Rock  Heberlig  and 

2    i  ,  ,,  n  permanentlj  at  bis  present  Bland  in  Plamhe  ,1  in  the  spring 

has  built  himself  a  ™d  store  building,  and  has  besides  a  farm  of  eignty 

unty,  Minn.     B)  strict,  attentton  to  business  M,    I    m      ;.    ' ,  u     .r 
large  trade  with  the  surrounding  community      He  married  Miss  8arah  Elizal  eth  1 

-lisle    r  ,,„     ,„    L860.and  they    bave  bad   dve    children     David   K..  Mrs.   *"'•/• 
eased),  a.nna  R   and  Grace  R.     Mr.  Keiser  is  a .ffcPJjbliCMi ^n  politics. 

d    ;,-;,, master*  Plainfleld [from  1875  to  1877;.  Mount  Rock .from 

1878tol880;  Heberligin  1881.     Mr.  Keiser  is  one  of  the  active  enterprising  business  men, 

and  is  resDected  hj  all  who  know  him.  Qn,roton,i 

WILLIAM  KERR,  a  native  of  Huntingdon  Countv.Penn.,wasbornpctober  80,1791  and 

cametoWes   Pennsbor h  Township,  Cumberland  Co.,  Penn.,  in  1835.  and  on  June  36, 

1      a    . ■  v  ear  m"  trried  M&s  Eliza  Belle  daui  litet  of  David:,,,,!  Isabel  Sterrett,  natives  of 
< .'      ,  v  a  I,   v  rv  prumineni  pioneers.     Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kerr  lived  one  year  in  Hunting- 
don Countv  after  their  marriage  and  then  settled  permenently   n  West   Pennsborough 
TownsWo  this  county  in  1826,  and  Here  acquired  ■  fine  estate.     Mr.  Kerr  was  a  very  ac 
l-  ■' plrUed  citizen,  devoting  most  ol  his  attention  to  the  management  of  hues- 

a,,'  Be  wis  one  of  the  origin  ,1  founders  and  1  member  „t  foe  board  of  doctor ,of toe 
banking  house  nf  Kerr,  Brenham  &  Co.,  since  known  as  the  First  National  B«krt» 
i-1  Bisuseful  life  ended  September  30,  1874,  hiswi'e  bavin-  preceded  him  December 
83  1844    Of  theirchildren  four  attained  maturity:  Elizabeth  Jane  and  Mary  Isabel  (both 

!?^Ul|mE^df2SSVon%OTi-T.Ito.  was  born- November  30,  1839;  ac 
quir  d  h  s  ,  ■.du.aiou  in' the  academies  of  Huntingdon  Mount  Joy Un«jt™gmn  y; 
Juniata  Countv  and  Good  Hope,  of  thstownship  He  married,  Januarj  10.  1854,  Miss 
Eli.  B  On- of  Frank,!,,  County.  Penn  and  then  settled  down/ where  they  now  re- 
side    To  this  union  have  been  born  two  children :  Mary  Eliza  and  William  On. 

d  Stkkkktt  Kkku.  farmer.  P.  O.  Kerrsville  was  educated  in, common  schoo 
andMountJoi  Academy,  and  hasresidedon  the  homestead  farm  all his  lrfe.  I  >  eg '  to 
men  liave  mad,'  many  valuable  improvements  in  the  estate  handed  down  from  their  an 

''"'  T FRANK  KINO,  proprietor  of  Valley  View  Mills.  P  O.  Newville,  was  born  April 
19  1886  in  Georgetown,  now  a  part  of  Washington,  DC.  His  fa  her.  Jol in  II.  K  . 
;,,  ,,  the  extern  shores  of  Maryland,  was  a  son  of  a  sea  rap.nin  and  his  mother 
was  born  in  the  Carlisle  Garrison,  ibis  county.  JohnH.  King  early  engaged  in  in.  1 . • 
til.-  business  at  Georgetown,  and  there  married  Miss  Ellen  Harriet,  who  mbonia  Mon- 
roe Township,  this  cSunty.  Herparents  were  also  natives  ol  fois  county.  Attn  a  1  >  net  not 
, perous  business  career,  Mr.  King  retired  to  Georgetown  H^^h<^«™h°* 

11  his  death,  about  1855;  his  esteemed  widow  survived  him  until  March,  885.  dxmgwh  e 
on  a  visit  t,,  ber  daughter,  Mrs.  Dr.  Anna  Ingraham,  o  Palmyra.  Wayne  Co.,  N.  Y.  Our 
subject  received  his  Education  in  the  academies  and  colleges  ol  Washington City  came  to 
Carlisle  this  county,  at  about  nineteen  years  of  age,  and  learned  bis  profession  at  II  nder 
son"  Mill.,  lie  married  Miss  Anna  C.  Bowers,  a  daughter  of  Dame  and  Margaret  Bow- 
ers of  Carlisle,  the  ceremonv  being  performed  December  17,  18o7,  by  Rev.  C.  r.vving. 
Aft'er  living  atGeorgetown  three  yelrs;  at  Seneca  Mills,  Md..  about  two  years;  near  Spring 

>1 ill,,  thtef ty,  two  years;    Bueher's    Mills.  Silver  Spring  Township,    two    years.   NeW- 

ville  two  years;  and  two  years  at  Roxbury,  Franklin  County,  tliey  purchased  the  Shella- 
berger  Mills  on  tie-  Conodoguinel  Creek,  West  Pennsborough  Township,  this  county,  m 
1-  :;  „,d  have  resided  here  ever  since.  Here  they  own  a  fine  mill  with  four  run  ol  burrs, 
joina  a  flne  trad-  with  the  Burronnding  community,  and  shipping  to  more  remote  points. 
Mr  ling  i-  also  deeply  interested  in  the  culture  of  bees  and  has  an  extensive  apiary  ol  flftj 
hives,  from  which  be  realizes  from  one  to  two  tons  of  honey  annually,  to  Mr. .and I  Mrs. 
Kin-  have  been  boin  two  children;  Mrs,  Margaret  Mentzer  and  Harry  M.  Oui  sub]  •  has 
be,  n  successful  in  life,  and  has  acquired  a  dneproperty  in  residences  and  lots  in  JJewvine, 
besides  the  mill  and  farm  where  he  resides.  He  is  past  master  in  the  F.  <-V  A.  w...  ana  a 
member  of  the  Improved  Order  of  Red  Men.  ,. 

GEORGE  LANDIS.  tanner  P.  0  Newville,  a  son  ol  George  and  Blizabetb  L  1  ndis, 
was  horn  in  Frankli,,  County,  Penn..  January  30,  1836,  bis  father  dyinga  tewdays  before. 
Our  subject  came  with  his  mother  and  other  children  (.tacob  and  Anna)  to  Mull.,  Town- 
ship  tbiscounty,  in  February,  1836.    They  were  quite  r,  an  1  after  coming  to  .MUttin 

Township    the  mother  supported  her  family  by  the  labor  of  her  own  hands  . mill  they  were 


582  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

able  to  care  for  themselves.  Mrs.  Landis  was  married  to  John  Negley  about  1831,  and  by 
him  hul  one  son:  John,  now  a  resident  of  South  Middleton  Township,  this  county.  George 
Landis  remained  with  his  step-father,  working  for  his  board  and  clothes,  until  he  was  thir- 
teen years  of  age,  when  he  was  indentured  to  Andrew  Snoke  to  learn  Ihe  blacksmith's 
trade,  whicli  apprenticeship  he  completed  in  four  years,  and  then  found  himself  the  pos- 
sessor of  $100,  having  received  $3.">  per  year  for  his  services,  he  furnishing  his  own  clothes. 
He  worked  the  next  year  for  his  brother  Jacob,  for  $5  per  month,  nearly  all  of  which  lie 
saved,  and  then  for  five  years  worked  in  Newville,  saving  during  that  time  enough  money 
to  establish  himself  in  business.  Having  won  the  affection  of  Elizabeth  II.  Hoover,  they 
were  married,  February  IT.  1848,  and  in  the  spring  moved  to  Mifflin  Township,  this  coun- 
ty, where  Mr.  Landis  worked  four  years  at  his  trade,  and  then  purchased  the  farm  now 
owned  by  George  Hosier.  Full  of 'enterprise,  he  rapidly  improved  his  farm,  for  which  he 
paid  $1,800,  and  a  few  years  later  sold  it  for  $6,000.  Since  then  he  has  purchased  other 
farms,  and  now  owns  not  only  his  fine  homestead  in  this  township,  but  another  farm  in 
Mifflin  Township.  Nine  children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Landis,  eight  now  liv- 
ing: Margaret  E.,  widow  of  John  Lay;  Eliza  .1..  wife  of  P.  A.  Ployer;  Levi  F.,  married  to 
Mary  A.  Brehm;  William  H..  married  to  Elizabeth  Brehm;  George  A.,  married  to  Ella 
Stro'hm;  John  M. ;  Harvey  and  Samuel  (the  last  three  named  are  still  single).  The  success 
of  .Mr.  Landis  has  been  phenomenal.  He  still  does  his  own  smithing,  has  followed  the 
trade  in  all  forty-seven  years,  and  is  one  of  the  oldest  blacksmiths  in  the  county. 

JOSEPH  A".  LINDSAY,  miller,  P.  O.  Newville,  is  a  great-grandson  of  Samuel  Lind- 
say, of  Scotch  origin,  who  early  settled  in  this  township  and  married  Jane  Martin,  about 
1766.  and  by  her  had  five  children:  William,  Robert.  Jane,  Margaret  and  Nancy.  Robert 
Lindsay,  who  was  a  noted  teacher  in  this  county,  married  Elizabeth  Conley,  February  21, 
1797,  and  was  father  of  the  following  named  children:  Nancy,  Joseph  C.,  Samuel  and 
Lacy.  Of  these  children  Joseph  C.  (father  of  our  subject),  was  born  in  West  Pennsbor- 
ough  Township,  this  county,  in  1802;  learned  the  miller's  trade  at  the  Shellabarger  Mills 
(with  the  owners  of  that  mill),  and  during  his  lite- time  followed  that  occupation  and  at  the 
time  of  his  death  had  engaged  forty  years  continuously  in  the  business.  He  (Joseph  C.) 
was  married  December  24.  1829,  to*  Elizabeth  Shellabarger.  born  September  15,  1809,  by 
whom  he  had  five  children:  Ann  M.,  John.  Lacy,  Mary  J.  and  Robert  (the  latter  was 
burned  to  death  in  the  Hays  Mill  in  Frankfort  Township,  this  county,  March  2,  1849). 
The  death  of  Joseph  C.  Lindsay's  first  wife  occurred  February  19,  1841.  and  September  30, 
184:").  Ik-  married  Mrs.  Barbara  (Bear)  Stevick  (who  by  her  first  husband  was  the  mother 
of  David  B.  and  Sarah  A  .  wife  of  W.  Scott  McGaw;  David  B.  Stevick  married  Ellen 
Black  and  resides  in  Carlisle).  Mr.  Lindsay's  second  marriage  was  blessed  with  one 
child:  Joseph  A.,  born  June  37,  1846.  The  second  wife  died  in  188).  Our  subject  learned 
his  trade  with  his  father  and.  after  the  death  of  the  latter,  purchased  the  mill,  in  1880. 
He  was  married,  in  1867,  to  Clara,  daughter  of  John  and  Rebecca  Rhodes,  residents  near 
Middle  Spring,  Franklin  Co.,  Penn.  Of  the  five  children  born  to  this  union  two  are  liv- 
ing: Ralph  and  Laura. 

GEORGE  LINE,  farmer,  P.  O.  Greason,  was  born  July  6.  1836,  in  Dickinson  Town- 
ship, this  county,  son  of  David  Line  and  grands  m  of  William  and  great-grandson  of 
George  Line,  which  William  Line  served  as  a  minute  man  in  the  Revolutionary  war.  He 
was  in  the  service  at  the  lime  of  the  Trenton  and  Princeton  battles,  and  to  his  lot  it  fell 
to  take  some  of  the  Hessian  prisoners  as  laborers  nn  the  farm.  His  sword  is  still  held  as 
a  relic  of  the  family.  William  Line  married  Maria  Bear,  and  their  children  were  Emanuel, 
George.  David.  Mrs  Mary  Spangler.  Mrs.  Catherine  Eby,  Mrs.  Nancy  Musselman,  Mrs. 
Sarah  Tritt.  Mrs.  Susan  Myers.  Mr>.  Rebecca  Givler,  Mrs.  Lydia  Myers  and  Mrs.  Rachel 
Snyder.  David,  son  of  William  Line,  married  Miss  Sarah  Myers,  who  bore  him  the  fol- 
lowing children:  John  (deceased).  Dr.  William  Line  (of  Nebraska  City,  Neb.),  George, 
David.  Samuel  0.,  Mrs.  Mary  A.  Greason  (deceased),  Mrs.  Matilda  Huston,  Mrs.  Sarah 
Jane  Huston  and  Frances  (deceased).  David  Line  died  January  31,  1864;  his  widow  fol- 
lowed him  June  1.  1883.  aged  eighty-one  years.  George,  the  son  of  David  and  Sarah 
(Myers)  Line,  married  November,  1851,  Mrs.  Isabella  W..  daughter  of  Jonathan  and  Amy 
(Spear)  Huston,  the  former  of  whom,  a  native  of  this  county,  was  a  son  of  John  and  Mar- 
garet (Huston)  Huston;  the  latter,  a  native  of  Maine,  came  here  with  her  mother  and  step- 
father. Mr.  Wheeler,  who  went  the  next  year  to  Morgan  County.  Ohio.  After  living  in 
South  Middleton  Township,  this  county,  until  1873.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  George  Line  settled  per- 
m  in  ntly  in  West  Pennsborough  Township,  this  county,  where  they  now  reside  and  have 
a  fine  farm  of  136  aire-,  besides  lb')  icres  in  South  Middleton  Township,  which  100  acres 
is  a  part  of  the  tract  purcha-ed  from  Gen.  John  Armstrong  in  177S.  Their  living  chil- 
dren are  Arthur  Wing  and  Dionysius  Page;  four  died  of  diphtheria  within  two  weeks, 
in  October,  1863.  Mr.  Line  has  lived  a  long  and  useful  life  in  this  county;  is  a  Repub- 
lican in  politics  with  strong  temperance  principles:  is  an  upright,  useful  citizen. 

JOHN  A.  LINE,  farmer,  P.  O.  Greason,  was  born  April  9.  1834,  on  the  homestead 
farm,  Dickinson  Township,  this  county.  During  the  time  when  the  French  Huguenots 
were  settling  in  Switzerland,  George  Line,  a  native  of  Switzerland,  sailed,  with  his  wife 
and  son,  for  America,  but  died  on  ship-board,  and  his  widow  located  in  Lancaster  County, 


WEST  PENNSBOROTJQB  TOWNSHIP.  588 

,         ,,,  .  „,„„„  |„,l  ileor'e  "row  up,  ami  in  course  of  time   married   Salome  Zim- 

Penn.  where  he  y, >ungl.  '  '  '    '-    -,„,„.  0,  lh„  famous  Green  Gardens,  in  Lancaster 

merman.     He  »m  for  ma  "in  Armstrong,  in  Dickin    >n    Downship.  this 

1    !"T     V    wi    r  eh   l     V    il    ,  aid  69*ro0  Continental  currencj  for  the  farm     Of 

J,    ,,'<".,     ,;,,, r,.  L     tad  Wovembe.  5   1885,  Daviddi  din  Lancaster 

daughter  of  1  ...an,..  Line  an,  *  ;"  M  ;  ,  „  /  "  .  ,,,,,,,,1  C.  and  Abraham  L. 
Sg?SStodSo  ®.    JohnT  tfe 'eldest  son.  completed  his  education  b, 

thef'    -u     1-  her         v  no  v  V- d,    inWes    Pennsborougo  Township  this  county,  and 

I  Z-     .     .,'      f  «;;,-".,  1.ff..r.il-i.n.lwll-i.i.i.r..vl.,l  land.    Their  children  are Miriam 

l,(..'J    .    Heman  Bowman,   Charles   Eugene  and  John   Raymond.     Mrs..  Line  is  a 

=££?  of  ItoLutherm  Church.     Mr.  Line,,  formerly  a  Rgpubhcan „ .politics 

onist      Hehasserved  his  township  in  various  official  positions.    He 

l;,?k'  „„.,  in  civil  engine,  ring  and  does  ,  large  business  as  surveyor  .„  tins 

C"U"(V)M\  K  LONGNECKER,  Earmer,  P.  O.  Plainfleld,  was  born  September  39,  1839,  in 
WJ  i,  Township,  this  county.     His  father,  Benjamin' «*',»  son  of 

..,  ,  „,.ive  of  Lancaster  County,  Penn.,  and  an  early  settler  in  the  lower 

n  ,  '  ™i  1;  ,  m»,v,  was  horn  n.ar  Fafrview,  this  county,  and  there  married  Miss 
M     v    l  .„•",.. .r  Middleton.  Dauphin  Co.,  Pen,...  and  settled  permanently  in  Plam- 

':'!„,  ttevdted-Mr   Longnecker  March  11, 1869.  and  his  widow  in  1885, 

il,!      fi         n  'IV>    -eared  nine  of   their   eleven   children:    Mrs.    Nancy  Howen- 

i  n        M       e       a         11:   Mr-'  Man     Hear,    of    Wtahit*    Mas      Mrs     Oa.hanne    1  ear:   Mrs. 

:  .  Susan  James  (deceased);  Mrs.  Rebecca  Carl  (deceased);  hi. ah  Ben- 
S  of  Decatur  [ll.;andJohn  E.  Ai  nineteen  oursubiecl  engaged  in  teaching, 
and  after  foUowTng  he  profession  four  years,  completed  his  ed..cat.o„  ,n  the  Mate  Nor- 
mal School  at  MiTlersvflle;  then  continued  teaching  at  Plainfleld  seven  years  making 

which  they  hav  e  „,  inired  by  heir  own  industry.  To  them  have  been  born  four  children: 
R  '  i  uVin'l  Nlarv'l  .  Mynle  B  and  Willie  P.  (deceased).  Mr.  Longnecker  is  a  Repub- 
}•,.,,  H,.  has  - .,  ved  as  school  director  five  years  and  takes  a  deep  interest  in 

""'  BBlljAMINMcKEEHAN,  farmer,  P.  O.  Kerrsvffle  Is  a  grandson  of  BenjaminMc. 

Keehan    a  native  ,,f  County  Antrim.   Ireland,   whose  flrst  settlement  in   Cumberland 

,  Penn  was  n  ar  the  Conodoguinet,  in  what  is  now  Wes,  Pennsboroutrh 1 ,  wa- 
sh ,\  that  Urn  ■  he  was  only  elevfn  years  of  age,  but  three  brothers  came  with  bim: 
JohPn   jtmes  and  Alexander   t&y  were  ,!„■  possessors  of  plenl  i  «ey,  for  an 

immenset,  i  extending  from.with.n  a  taKnuto  from  Ke wviUe 

to  M  Benjamin   McKeehan  was  a  Revolutionary  soldier  and  ftertheclose 

of  the  war  returned  to  this   township:  a  few  years   later  he  married  Margaret    U    1  on    and 

their  firsl  daughter  Mary,  was  born  June  15,  1782,  followed  by  the  birth  of  (  brissj  in 
VM.  Janein&7  John  in  1789,  William  ^1793.  and  Margaret  in  1797.  This i  pioneer 
couple  di,  '  »ctober  23,  1814,  and  the  mother  April  M,    829        ^youngest 

son  'fail.,-  ct)  was  married,  in  1838  to  Rebecca,  daughter  of  James  MeM-anes, 

who  came  from  Ireland  when  a  young  man,  and  settled  near  Plainfleld;  was  married  to 
Ann  Boltsoppel,  and  had  the  following  children;  Imn.  Esther.  Rebecca  and  John  To 
William  Mcfceehan  and  wife  six  children  were  horn:  Margaret,  BenJa™^  Jbaddeus  8., 
Grtazell    R  I  Jane  M.    Tha^deus  S.  was  a  volunteer  in  Company  E,  One 

Hundred  and  Thirtieth  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Infantry,  and  fell  in  the  memora He  bat- 
tle of  \ntietam  mem  which  bloody  field  he  was  buried.     William  McKeehan  lived  a,  long 

and  usefu   l.fe    and  died  in  April.  1871.      His  g 1  widow  finds  a  plea    I  ith  he 

son  and    1  Id  mansion  where  her  married  life  has  been  spent,  an  I 

1      „  .having  lived  to  see  Cumberland  Vallej  dfrom 

?anl  farm,  lotted  wi.l,  fine  residences  and  prosperous  village^  The 
children  are  of  thai  intelligenl  class  that  may  be  expected  from  those  who  cam  in  then 
veins  the  blood  of  a  Revolutionary  soldier.  ,  ...  . 

JOHN  I)   MAINS,  farmer,  Newville,  was  born  in  1852,  at  Shippensburg,  within* 
short    distance   of  the   Cumberland   County  line.     His  great-grandfather,   Marshall   M. 


584  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

Mains,  came  with  his  family  from  Bucks  County,  Penn.,  almost  a  century  ago,  and  of  his 
children  Marshall  M.  (grandfather  of  subject)  married,  and  had  the  following  children: 
Marshall  ML,  William.  Griselda  and  Sarah;  of  these  William  and  Marshall  inherited  the 
large  farm  near  the  then  village  of  Shippensburg.  The  elder  son  married  Sarah  M.  Bell, 
by  whom  lie  had  live  suns  and  two  daughters:  Thomas  B.  (enlisted  in  the  Second  New 
York  Cavalry,  and,  for  bravery,  was  promoted  first  lieutenanl  of  a  colored  regiment,  and 
met  his  death  while  gallantly  fighting  in  the  battle  of  t  le  Wilderness),  William  J.,  James 
M ,  John  D.  (our  subject),  Robert  K,.,  Jane  M.  and  Margaret  S.  On  the  maternal  side 
Mrs.  Mains  was  a  direct  descendant  of  the  Dunlaps,  who  for  more  than  a  century  lived  in 
West  Pennsborough  Township,  and  in  their  daj  were  a  numerous  and  influential  family. 
John  D.  was  in  his  third  year  when  his  mother  died,  and  he  then  came  to  reside  with 
John.  Sarah.  Nancy  and  Mary  Dunlap,  who  lived  in  Mr.  Mains'  present  residence,  and 
here  he  was  reared  and  educated.  Sarah  Dunlap,  who  was  horn  in  the  old  log  house 
that  stands  near  by,  in  1792,  died  at  the  patriarchal  age  of  ninety-three.  John  D.  Mains 
became  heir  in  pari  to  the  original  Dunlap  estate.  Oar  subject  chose  farming;  was  mar- 
Tied.  December  1.  1875,  to  Emma  J.,  daughter  of  David  G.  and  Griselda  (Linn)  Duncan. 
Their  married  life  has  been  passed  on  the  line  farm  previously  mentioned,  and  their  chil- 
dren—Glenn D.,  Sarah  G.,  Robert  M.  and  Thomas  B. — were  the  first  born  in  a  house  that 
for  three-quarters  of  a  century  has  been  occupied  by  a  renowned  family. 

ALEXANDER  S.  MONTGOMERY,  farmer.  P.  O.  Newville,  is  a  grandson  of  James 
Montgomery,  who  was  married,  April  30,  1813,  to  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Alexander  and 
Sarah  Scroggs,  who,  at  that  date,  owned  all  I  he  land  on  both  sides  of  the  spring  in  the 
neighborhood  where  our  subject  resides.  Alexander  Scroggs,  who,  in  an  early  day, 
always  carried  his  trusty  rifle  on  his  back  while  plowing,  one  day  discovered  what  he 
thought  to  be  a  painted  savage  following  him  while  at  work.  The  sharp  crack  of  the  rifle 
announced  the  shot  that  laid  the  marauder  low,  and  after  washing  off  the  paint,  Mr. 
Scroggs  found  that  a  while  man  instead  of  an  Indian  had  attempted  to  murder  him.  On 
this  farm  bushels  of  arrow-heads  have  been  unearthed,  which  were  probably  made  and 
hidden  by  the  Indians  in  an  early  day.  Alexander  Scroggs  died  in  1826,  aged  nearly  sev- 
ent3'-seven  years;  his  wife  died  in  1804.  They  reared  a  numerous  family,  the  descendants 
of  whom  are  all  now  deceased  but  our  subject,  who  is  also  the  last  of  the  Montgomery 
family.  James  Montgomery  and  wife  had  two  children:  Robert  and  Sarah  J.  (married  to 
A.  L.  Irvin  in  1839).  Robert  was  born  September  13,  1814,  and  married,  in  1847,  Rachael 
Thompson,  who  was  born  in  1813,  and  to  this  union  were  born  Elizabeth,  Alexander  S. 
and  Jane.  The  eldest  dautrhier  is  the  wife  of  S.  M.  Skinner,  with  whom  Jane  resides. 
All  were  born  in  the  ancestral  Scroggs  mansion,  which,  in  an  early  day  was  used  as  a  fort 
in  which  the  family  were  frequently  sheltered  from  the  Indians.  Robert  Montgomery, 
the  father,  died  April  11,  1879,  and  his  wife  October  20,  1862.  Alexander  S..  the  only  son 
of  this  couple,  was  born  March  17,  1851;  was  married  November  14,  1877,  to  Clara, 
daughter  of  John  and  Maria  Elliott,  residents  at  that  time  of  Plainfield,  this  county. 
The  union  of  this  young  couple  was  blessed  with  three  children:  Sarah  J..  Rachael  M. 
and  Clara  E.,  all  of  whom  were  born  on  the  homestead,  where  four  generations  of  the 
family  have  been  born,  and  of  which  Mr.  Montgomery  is  sole  heir,  who,  no  doubt,  will, 
in  his  turn,  transmit  it  to  his  children.  In  1872  Robert  Montgomery  was  elected  associate 
judge,  serving  out  his  term  with  distinction.  As  a  man  and  jurist  he  occupied  the  high- 
est place  in  the  estimation  of  the  public,  for  his  official  life  was  characterized  by  many 
acts  of  kindness  and  public  spirit. 

MRS.  EMILY  W.  MYERS.  P.  O.  Newville.  was  born  near  Big  Spring,  Cumberland 
County,  Penn.,  July  12.  1849.  youngest  daughter  of  Joseph  and  Mary  S.  (Woodburn) 
McKee.  and  was  married,  July  31,  1872,  to  John  B.  Myers,  son  of  John  B.  and  Eve 
(Bower)  Myers,  and  born  October  31,  1834.  The  original  John  B.  Myers  was  of  German 
descent;  came  to  this  county  from  Lancaster  County.  Penn..  more  than  a  century  aao.  He 
was  the  father  of  the  following  named  children:  John  B.,  William  A.,  Samuel,  Catharine, 
Anna,  Elizabeth,  Maria,  Sarah  and  Agnes.  He  purchased  a  farm  (a  part  of  the  original 
Schuyler  tract),  and  was  one  of  I  he  few  who  were  able  to  withstand  the  terrible  financial 
depression  following  the  Revolutionary  war,  when  the  Continental  money  became  worth- 
less, and  men  holding  thousands  of  dollars  wrere  reduced  to  poverty  by  the  depreciation 
of  this  currency.  Full  of  enterprise  Mr  Myers  pushed  bravely  on.  and  instilled  in  his 
son  the  same  enthusiasm  characteristic  of  his  race  and  name,  and  succeeded  in  holding 
the  property  and  becoming  quite  wealthy.  After  the  marriage  of  John  B.  Myers.  Jr., 
and  wife,  they  commenced  their  domestic  life  on  the  pleasant  homestead  where  the  widow 
Still  resides.  Up  to  the  age  of  forty-five  years  he  had  long  resisted  the  match-making 
mammas,  hut  the  many  charms  of  Miss  McKee  won  him  from  the  ranks  of  bat<  helordom, 
and  to  the  time  of  his  death  occasion  never  arose  for  regret  that,  he  had  formed  this 
alliance  with  a  daughterof  one  of  the  oldest  and  most  noted  families  in  Cumberland  Valley. 
Mr.  Myers  was  a  successful  farmer.  He  and  his  wife,  devout,  members  of  the  United  Pres- 
byterian denomination,  were  prominent  in  church  work.  Retiring  in  manner  Mr.  Myers 
had  great  love  for  home,  his  wife  and  his  children — Mary  E.,  Harriet  J..  Joseph  Mc.  John 
B.,  Sarah  J.  and  Maggie  Y.,  all  living  but  John  B.  and  Maggie.  March  21,  1884,  the 
death  of  the  kind  husband  and  father  occurred,  since  which  time  Mrs.  Myers  has  man- 


v.  EST  PENNSB0R01  QH  TOWNSHIP. 


:,sr, 


umd  th«  f arm   her  husband  having  such  confidence  in  her  ability  that  she  was  left  Bole 
Rnd  well  does  she  preform  her  trust      Her  home  is  neat,  cheery  and  attractive, 
and  the  bright  children  evince  a  careful  training. 

^connection  with  this  sketch   Mrs    Myers  BayB:    "I consider  U  very  important  in 

wri,    '    thebi aphyof  the  lives  of  different  persons  to  know  for  whal  purpose  ihey 

Javelfved  whether  the  life  of  ea  b  has  been  a  success  or  a  failure,  a  blessing  or  a  cur  e. 
tnwritinenn  own  history,  1  would,  in  the  spiril  of  meekness  and  deep  hum  ility,  say 
thatmvobiecl  in  life  has  not  been  to  accumulate  riches,  neither  have  I  coveted  the  hon 
s  and  emoluments  of  this  world,  nor  was  it  any  good  in  me  bul  through  the  free  grace 
andtovin? kindness  of  our  Heavenlj  Kail,,,-.  I  was  led  in  very  ear  y  lit-  to  accept  the 
Savior  a#d  ever  since  my  heart's  desire  and  prayer  have  been  that  I  might  be  instrumental 
ta Tea  ling  precious  souls  to  Christ,  independent  of  rank  or  station,  colo,  or  nation.  Much 
of  mv  time  and  means  h  is  bei  n  i  mployed  in  devising  ways  by  which  the  cause  of  m  s- 
BionsmiKht  be  .nor,-  rapidly  advanced,  thereby  bringing  glory  to  God  and  so  rescue  the 
nerishinl  And  last,  not  least  dors  my  soul  go  out  to  the  glorious  temperance  cause,  and 
oh  I  howl  long  to  be  helpful  in  emancipating  the  millions  of  precious  souls  who  are  held 


SDirlt    ICaVC     l 111.'    Cl!l>      laueiu.uic     m     kuoa       n.uo^     ..v..     -......-      ... — -,     - 

heavens  '      These  few  facts  I  have  hastily  penned,  in   the  hope  they  may  he  productive  or 

rood  as  a  stimulus  and  encouragement  to  some  devoted  wife  who  has  an  unregenerate  Hus- 
band and  as  a  legacj  to  my  children  to  follow  in  my  footsteps  only  in  as  far  as  I  have  fol- 
lowed Christ  and  mv  earnest  desire  has  been  that  each  of  tiieir  lives  may  be  one  constant 
sacrifice  to  labor  for  the  Savior  who  has  bought  them  at  such  an  immense  cost,  even  the 
Bheddine  of  His  own  precious  blood." 

BENJ  \Ml\  MYERS,  retired,  P.  O.  Big  Spring,  was  born  Apnl8,  1816,  on  tbehome- 
Btead  owned  by  John  Arms.,-,,,.,-  Rev  Abraham  Myers  was  the  first  ol  the  Myers  fam- 
ily to  come  to  this  county,  probablv  in  1760,  aad  was  the  first  minister  of  the  Luted 
Brethren  faith  in  this  locality.  He  subsequently  married  a  Miss  Baker,  who  bore  him 
i  is:  Abraham,  Benjamin  and  John.  The  reverend  gentleman  not  only  engaged  in 
farming  but  for  many  years  rode  over  a  large  territory  while  preaching,  and  his  own 
Louse  was  one  of  the  regular  appointments.  He  died  about  1835.  Abraham,  the  eldest 
s,,,,  was  horn  in  1789  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  Mrs.  .lames  Greason.  He  was  married 
to  Nancy  Myers,  wfinse  parents  were  also  early  settlers  in  the  valley.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Abraham  Myers  BetUed  on  the  firm  now  owned  by  John  Armstrong,  and  there  reared  a 
a  ehildret  Samuel,  .lames.  Benjamin,  Abraham.  William  G.,  Mary  A.  and 
Elizabeth.  Of  this  family.  William  <!..  an  M.  I).,  practiced  medicine  for  many  years  in 
this  county,  and  now  resides  n<  ar  Carlisle  with  his  daughter,  Mrs.  Joseph  Hosier.  The 
other  sons  were  fanners,  but  Benjamin  is  the  only  one  residing  in  this  township.  In  1817 
our  subject  married  Mary,  daughter  of  Jacob  and  Rebecca  Raber,  of  York  County,  Perm, 
(both  now  deceased),  and  to  tlm  union  wer  born  Samuel,  George,  Alfred, ,  J oseoti,  Jonn, 
Benjamin  Abraham,  James.  Ellen,  Annie.  Concordia  W  and  Flora.  Mr,  Myers  married 
life  was  i un  on  his  father's  homestead,  but  three  years  later  he  purchased  an  adjacent 

Ought   his  present    home,  where   for   so   many   years    he   has   lived   and 

red      Some  of  I hildren  are  in  the  West,  doing  well,  and  those  remaining  with 

,l„.  ,, .,,  jov us  the  old  home  hallowed  by  so  many  pleasant  memories. 

LEVON  U   ORRIS,  farmer,  Xewville,  was  born  October    10,   1884,  in   Lizertzourg. 
idparents,  with  their  children,  were  forced  to  fly  from  Ireland,  leaving  be- 
hind them  a  large  estate.     When  Christopher  Orris  (grandfather  of  subject)  was  a  mere 
o  North  Middleton  Township,  this  county,  and  remained  in  the  employment 


children  caused  him  to  relinquish  the  idea.      He  was  a  good  man  and  reared  ins 

;ii  faith   of  which  church  he  was  a  member.    J.  hn  Orris  was  married 

October  10   1833   to  Elizabeth   Koser.  whose  people  were  among  the  first  settlers  in  the 

rl 1   and  manv  of  the  relationship  are  yet   residents  of  Cumberland  <  »unty. 

1      Margaret  and   Rebecca  were  born  prior  to  their  parents'  removal   to    rranktonl 

Township  near  the  Lutheran  Church,  where  the  other  children  wen   born:   John,  bliza 

-.le-ter  all  now  deceased,  Sylvester  dying  in  defense  of  bis  countrj   at  Alexan- 

during  the  late  Rebellion.     Levon  II.  Orris  learned  the  tailor  s  trade  with  bis 

,  for  him  until  1855,  when  he  married  Nancy  A.,  daughter  oi  Moses  and 

Whistler  when  be  began  farming  in  Mifflin  Township  on  his  wife  s 

land      In  1<S">!>  he  purchased  a  nice  farm  in  Frankford  Township,  this  county,  residing 


586  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

there  twenly-one  years,  during  which  time  John  S.,  Harvey  H.,  Levon  H.  and  Nannie  M. 
were  horn  (the  birth  of  the  first  child  occurring  ten  years  after  marriage).  Mr.  Orris  has 
not  only  been  a  very  enterprising  man.  but  a  liberal  our.  and  many  have  had  cause  to  re- 
member him  with  gratitude.  Mr.  Orris  has  filled  many  offices  of  trust,  and  was  chosen  to 
represent  the  Democratic  party  as  treasurer  from  a  list  of  twenty-two  candidates,  was 
elected  by  a  good  majority  in  1873.  and  served  his  official  term  with  credit.  In  1881  he 
purchased  his  present  farm  near  Newville,  and  pays  attention  entirely  to  agriculture  and 
stock-raising. 

MERVIN  LINDSEY  RALSTON,  farmer,  P.  O.  Carlisle,  was  born  in  West  Penns- 
borough  Township,  this  county,  February  15,  1857.  His  father.  Andrew  Ralston,  a  son 
of  David  and  Lucy  (McAllister)  Ralston,  was  born  in  Mifflin  Township,  this  county.  Oc- 
tober (5,  1827,  and  was  married  February  26,  1852,  to  Jane  E.  Lindsey,  a  native  of  West 
Pennsborough  Township,  this  county,  and  daughter  id'  James  Lindsey.  She  died  Feb- 
ruary 20,  1857.  Of  their  children,  Merviu  L.,  the  subjectof  this  sketch,  is  the  only  sur- 
vivor. After  the  death  of  his  first  wife,  Andrew  Ralston  married  Miss  Anna  B.  Mc- 
Elwaine,  who  died,  leaving  three  children:  Joseph  B.,  Ella  N.  and  Harry  M.  Andrew 
Ralston  departed  this  life  July  1,  1885.  After  the  death  of  his  mother  Mervin  L.  Ralston 
was  reared  iu  tie  family  of  his  uncle,  James  M.  Ralston,  in  Dickinson  Township,  this 
county,  until  he  was  nine  years  id'  age;  since  then  he  has  resided  on  his  father's  old  farm, 
which  he  now  owns,  having  purchased  the  other  heirs'  interest  in  the  same.  He  lias  here 
a  tine  farm  of  102  acres  of  fertile  and  well  improved  land.  March  15,  1883,  Mr.  Ralston 
married  Josephine  Duffy  and  they  have  one  daughter:  Florence  I.  Our  subject  is  an  en- 
terprising, successful  young  farmer,  an  upright  and  useful  citizen,  highly  respected  by 
the  community  in  which  he  lives. 

JOSEPH  RITNER  (deceased),  ex-governor  of  Pennsylvania,  was  born  where  the  city 
of  Reading,  Berks  Co.,  Peun.,  now  stands,  March  25,  1780.  His  grandfather,  John 
Ritner,  a  descendant  of  one  of  the  noble  families  of  Silesia,  located  for  some  time  in 
Alsace,  then  a  part  of  France,  but  afterward  came  to  America  and  settled  in  Berks  County, 
Penn.;  his  son,  Michael,  who  was  a  soldier  of  distinction  in  the  Revolution,  serving  until 
its  close,  swam  Long  Island  Sound,  being  one  of  the  very  few  that  escaped  by  that  route, 
and  he  was  in  the  service  at  the  time  of  the  birth  of  his  illustrious  son.  He  "followed  the 
trade  of  weaver,  locating  in  turn  at  Lancaster,  Carlisle  and  York,  where  he  died.  Our 
subject,  at  twelve  years  of  age,  was  hired  out  by  his  father  to  Jacob  Myers,  a  farmer 
near  Churchtown,  this  county. but  who  afterward  moved  to  near  Newville.and  there  Joseph 
Ritner  lived  until  his  marriage.  May  26.  1801,  wi  h  Miss  Susan,  daughter  of  Jacob  Alter. 
In  1803  they  moved  to  Westmoreland  County,  Penn.,  with  her  father,  of  whom  Mr.  Ritner 
bought  a  tract  of  land  in  Washington  County  (about  six  miles  west  of  Washington  and 
three  north  of  Taylorstown),  and  there  devoted  himself  io  the  development  of  his  estate; 
he  served  under  Gen.  Harrison  in  the  war  of  1812;  was  nominated  to  the  Legislature, with- 
out his  knowledge,  in  1821,  on  the  Democratic  ticket,  and  triumphantly  elected.  He  was 
re-elected  six  consecutive  terms,  serving  as  speaker  three  terms,  being  unanimously  elected 
the  last  time — the  only  instance  on  record  in  this  State.  He  was  a  candidate  of  the  Dem- 
ocratic Anti-Masonic  party  for  governor  in  1829.  1832  and  1835,  being  elected  the  last 
time.  The  acts  of  his  administration  were  in  the  highest  degree  beneficial  to  the  people 
of  Pennsylvania.  It  was  during  this  time  (in  1836)  that  the  present  efficient  school  law 
was  finally  enacted  and  the  State  debts  reduced  over  $100,000,  a  striking  contrast  to  the 
administration  immediately  preceding  and  succeeding.  He  took  a  decided  stand  against 
the  formation  of  monopolies  in  coal,  land  and  railroads;  opposed  re-chartering  State 
banks,  then  making  application,  and  pointed  out  the  evils  that  would  result  if  they  were 
successful.  His  veto  was  disregarded,  and  the  evils  he  predicted  speedily  followed,  causing 
general  financial  distress  throughout  the  State.  The  great  statesman,  Thaddeus  Stevens,  was 
his  intimate  friend,  and  the  plans  marked  out  by  Gov.  Ritner  were  generally  followed  by 
Mr.  Stevens.  Of  the  circumstances  of  his  last  race,  in  1838,  it  is  sufficient  to  say  that  had 
there  been  a  more  fair  and  honest  election  the  State  might  have  heen  spared  the  unfortu- 
nate administration  of  Gov.  Porter.  At  the  close,  of  his  term  Mr.  Ritner  purchased  the 
bank  farm,  formerly  owned  by  Gen.  Foster,  at  Mount  Rock,  West  Pennsborough  Town- 
ship, this  county,  where  he  resided  the  remainder  of  his  life.  He  was  an  intimate  friend 
of  Gen.  Harrison,  who  favored  him  whenever  the  opportunity  offered.  He  devoted  his 
attention  to  managing  his  estate  until  his  retirement  in  1848.  continuing  to  take  an  active 
interest  iu  public  affairs.  He  lived  a  temperate  and  regular  life,  enjoying  robust  health. 
Personally  he  was  of  medium  stature  and  portly  build,  weighing  about  240  pounds  during 
the  latter  half  of  his  life.  Repassed  away  painlessly,  through  natural  decay,  ending  his 
eventful  and  useful  life  October  19,  1869,  in  his  ninetieth  year.  Gov.  Ritner  was  a  man  of 
clear,  quick  perceptions,  strong  and  persevering  will,  and  of  unimpeachable  honesty, 
ever  interested  in  the  welfare  of  the  people.  He  was  opposed  to  the  institution  of  slavery, 
a  foe  to  secession,  and  at  the  decline  of  the  Whig  party  became  a  Republican.  During 
his  service  in  the  Legislature  he  was  cotemporary  with  Dr.  Jesse  R.  Burden,  William  M. 
Meredith,  Joel  B.  Sutherland,  Jonathan  Roberts,  James  L.  Gillelcn  and  other  illustrious 
men,  from  among  whom  he  was  chosen  to  the  highest  positions  and  received  the  most  dis- 
tinguished honors.     Gov.  Ritner's  beloved  wife  died  in  1853.     They  reared  nine  children. 


WEST  PENNSB0R01  cil  TOWNSHIP. 


587 


,ll..f  whom  reared  families  bur,,.,,.    Joseph,  a  graduate  oi  the     nited  Btatet    t 
"cadem    M  Weal  Point,  bul  who  resigned  from  the  army,  married,  and   ook  a  professor 
ahto  in  Washington  Col  ege;  afterward  received  a  commission  as  Brsl  lieutenant  in  the 
£    ;",,;  [888.  before  assuming  his  duties;  lie  had  served  with  grea jdta 

Son  in  the  Back  Hawk  war.     Abraham,  a  conductor oo ithe  Cumberland  Valley  Rai 
edatChamlnrsburg.Penn  ,  in  1853;  Henn  waakilledby  a  railroad  accident  at  Bur- 

,.,,,      I,    a  in  1868;  Michael  died  in  Bl nfleld.N.  J.  .in  1872.  w*>  a  rnvd  engineer  on  the 

Mo"r°8&  Essex  Railroad;  Jacob,  a  farmer,  died  in  South  Middleton  1  p.,  this  county,  m  1871; 

toTsuwn  Kreichbaum  died  in  1854;  Emma  died  in  1876;  Mrs    Margarel  Alter  >s  no*  liv- 

d  Mo  .  and  Peter,  the  only  surviving  son,  andwhowasl born  September    3, 

sis    n  Washington  County.  Penn.,  completed  his  education  under  Prof.  Alfred  Armstrong, 

came   to  W<    I    Pennsborough   Township,  tins  county,  with    ins 

e  cast  his  Brsl  vote  for  Gen.  Barrison  in  1840,  and  has  supported 


,.f  Harrisburg 

father,  in  1889   and  here  casi   n  -  urm  vuic   lui  <"-,,.  i..,., ,,-,...   ...   v  ■  •■ ■■•■■    --.  . 

the  Whig  and  Republican  parlies  ever  since.     Be  remained  on  tins  farm  with  his  father, 
which  olace  he  purchased  in   1856,  and  Btill  owns,  having  here  a  Bne  farm  oi  156  acres. 

,        '    i.  Fe&uarJ  16  1843,  Miss  Man  .1 d. h  ol  William  Davidson,  and  who 

li,,l  .!,„„. :,  L845.  leavingone  Bon,  William  D.,  now  a  clerk  in  the  rreasury  Department 
,,  hashing  on,  D  C  Mr.  Ritner  married,  in  1848,  Miss  Amelia  Jane  daughteroi  Alex, 
andcrDavYdson.  and  she  died  October  18,  1870,  leaving  four  children:  Anna .M  Mary  D., 
Walter  Clark  and  Joseph  Alexander,  having  losl  three  in  infancy.  Mr  Ritner  subse- 
, ,  ,  lv  named.  November,  1872,  Mrs.  .Ian,.  Mary  McKeeban.  Mr  and  Mrs.  R.tner  and 
daughters  are  members  of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  Be  is  a  worthy  descendant  of  a  noble 
father  a  man  of  education  and  wide  influence. 

'  fACOBG   SBAW   farmer   P.  O.  Newville,  was  born  m  Penn  Township,  this  county, 
fulvlO   1888     Bis  grandfather  came  to  Cumberland  County  in  1792,  emigrating  from  Ire- 
land was  married  to  Hannah  Rippet  in  1802,  and  had  the  following  children:    John  K. 
Mary  A.  James  It  ,  Alexander,  Joseph   and    Benjamin.    (The  last  named  was 
.   answhile  trading  between  Port  Leavenworth   and  Santa  Fe.)    James  R., 
subject's  father,  a  native  of   Penn  Township,  this  county,  married l(  athanne  Gocx Ihe a,  . 
after  attaining  his  majority,  and  had  fourch  ldren:     Hannah  A.   Mary  M.,  Jacob  G  and 
Joseoh    \   (he  was  one  oflthe  brave  soldiers  who  fell  during  ihe  civil  war;  he  enlisted 
and  after  his  term  had  expired  re-enlisted  for ^  three  years .in .Company  D  One 
Hundred  and  Eighty  seventh  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry,  and  ln  1864  met  his  death 
a,  the  haul,,  of  Weldon  Railroad,  Va.)    Jacob  G.  was  reared  on  a  farm,  attended  the  pub- 
lie  schools  completing  his  education  in  the-  normal  school,  and  for  twelve  yearsengaged 
,„.'.  in  this  coSnty.     December  21,  1871.be  was  united  in  marnagewith  MissJane 
M    daughter  of  William  and  Rebecca  McKeehan,  of  West  Pennsborough  Pp.   this  county, 
and  who  were  among  the  most  prominent  of  the  pioneer  families  m  Cumberland  Valley. 
To  this  union  have  been  born  the  following  named  children:   Era  E.,  Ralph  Mc.  and  Jesse 
II     one  termol  school  was  taughl  after  Jacob  G.  Shaw's  marriage,  when  bis  inclination 

turned  to  agriculture,  and  he  purchase,!  Ihe  handsome  farm   on  which    he  resides,  and   in 

,nned  the  habiliments  of  a  granger,  and  with  the  energy  characteristic  ol  his  people 
ide  this  business  a  success.     He  is  now  serving  his  third  term  as  an  official  in  the 
nublic  schools  of  this  township.  .  ,    .„  „„,_  .    TT  .,, 

[8AACD  STEINER  farmer,  P.  O.  Plainfield,  was  born  July  26,  184o,  in  CTpper  Allen 
Townshiu  ihiscounty.sonof  Dietrich  andMary  (Kaufman)  Steiner  natnas ot  \o,-k County 
Penn  who  located  in  Upper  Allen  Township,  this  county,  about  1880,  and  here  resided 
un,il  their  death  Mr.  Steiner  dying  in  1868,  and  his  widow  in  1864;  they  reared  si  vend 
their  .-Wen  children.  Our  subject,  the  n, sxl  to  the  youngest,  was I  brought  up  on  his 
ad  attend,  d  the  scl Is  of  the  home  district.     Be  followed  lumbering  six 

Elk  and  Clearfield  Counties.  Penn  .  and  one  year  m  northern  Michi- 
gan Returning  lo  Cumberland  County,  he  married,  December  28,  1875,  Miss  Kebecca 
Jane  Wa >ner  of  North  Middleton  Township,  this  county,  daughter  oi   the  well-known 

l.,,,,i,   ■•  Since    their    marriage   Mr.  an  I  Mrs.  Sleiner  have  resided  m  Middlesex 

Township  six  years  and  in  Wesl  Pennsborough  Township  eight  years.  Their  childri  rare 
\nna  Mary  Robert  W.  and  Clara  Blanche.  Mr.  Steiner  is  a  Republican  in  polities  and 
takes  a  deep  interest  in  public  affairs.  Be  hasservedhis  township  in  various  offices  ol  trust. 
iRGE  STROBM,  manufacturer,  Plainfield,  was  horn  September  18,  1810,  in  Leb- 
anon County,  Penn..  so,,  of  George  and  Mary  (Nipe)  Strohra,  natives  oi  the  same  county, 
and  who  settled  in  Frankford  Tov  ounty,  in  1819,  where  theyspenl  theactiye 

pari  of  their  lives,  bul  afterward  moved  to  North  Middleton    township,  where  George 
Strohn  muarj  6,  1864,  in  his  eighty  second  year,  and  his  widow  February  5, 

isi'ij  i„  fifth  year.    They  were  ihe  parents  of  the  following  named  children: 

Mr.    Susan  Shaw  (dec  ased),  Geon  e,  Mrs.   Mary  Wagner,  William,  Mrs.  Sarah  Wagner, 
Mrs     i  ■     Mrs.  Anna   Wetzel,  John  (died  at  Decatur.    lUMrs.  Catharine 

Priest  (deceased)  Mrs.  Leah  Barnetu  (of  Decatur,  HI.)  Mrs  Rebecca  McKeehan  (deceased) 
a,,  i  David.diedai  Decatur,  [II.).  Our  subject  was  united  in  marriage,  February  l,183»,witti 

za    L,. nm a  .lor.  and  resided   on  the  farm  until  lS4H.wl.en    he  followed  feiiee-muk- 

.,■  several  years     About   1854  Mr.  Strohm  began  wagon-making  al  West  Hill,  tins 
hip  gradually  enlarging  his  bu6iness(by  making  buggies,  sleighs,  carnages,  etc.), 


588  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 


established  his  present  coach  shop  at  Plainfield,  this  county,  purchasing   a 
ing,  of  36  acres,  to  which  lie  has  since  added  37  acres  more.     His  trade  has 


and  in  1860  es 
farm,  adjoining, 

steadily  increased,  so  that  he  is  now  occupying  three  buildings  and  employing  from  eight 
to  ten  hands.  He  has  admitted  into  partnership  his  son,  David,  who  has  worked  in  i  he 
establishment  for  twenty-one  years,  since  he  was  twelve  years  old.  They  do  a  large  busi- 
ness, making  carriages,  buggies,  spring  wagons  and  sleighs,  and  keep  a  complete  line  of 
light  vehicles.  Their  goods  have  an  excellent  reputation  for  first-class  material  and  supe- 
rior workmanship,  and  they  supply  a  large  domestic  trade  tor  Cumberland  Perry  and 
Adams  Counties,  besides  shipping  to  the  East  and  West  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Strohm  were 
born  nine  children:  Mrs.  Mary  Ann  .lames,  Benjamin  (of  Battle  Creek,  Iowa),  .Mrs,  Sarah 
Jane  Myers  (of  Carey,  Ohio),  Joseph  Silas.  George  (of  Battle  Creek,  Iowa),  David  E., 
John  W.,  Horace  L.  (of  Anthony,  Kas.)  and  Mrs.  Lizzie  G.  Paul  (of  Wellington.  Kas.  |.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Strohm  are  members  of  the  Church  of  God.  He  is  au  upright,  useful  citizen, 
and  enjoys  the  respect  and  esteem  of  the  community. 

JOSHUA  E.  VAN  CAMP,  physician  and  surgeon.  Plainfield.  was  born  February  22, 
1844,  in  Perry  County,  Penn.,  son  of  William  and  Melvina  (Huffman)  Van  Camp,  natives 
of  the  same  county.  Among  the  Holland  settlers  in  Delaware  was  a  family  of  Van 
Camps.  Three  of  "the  sons.  William,  Maj.  Moses  and  Jacobus,  were  farmers,  and  were 
among  the  Indian  fighters  of  the  early  colonial  wars  and  also  of  the  It  •volution.  Their 
history  is  very  fully  depicted  in  Dr.  Egle's  History  of  Pennsylvania.  William,  above  men- 
tioned, was  the  great-grandfather  of  our  subject  through  his  son  Andn  w  and  grandson 
William,  who  all  lived  in  Perry  County,  Penn.,  and  the  original  estate  is  still  in  posses- 
sion of  the  family.  The  property  is  on  the  Juniata,  within  four  miles  of  Newport.  There 
our  subject  was  brought  up  among  the  wild  beauties  of  one  of  nature's  most  charming 
spots.  After  completing  the  course  the  schools  of  the  home  district  afforded  him.  he  took 
a  literary  course  at  the  Pennsylvania  College.  Gettysburg.  He  took  up  the  study  of  med- 
icine in  the  spring  of  1867,  under  Dr.  J.  E.  Singer,  of  Newport,  and  graduated  from  the 
Michigan  University,  with  the  degree  of  M,  D.,  March  30.  1870  After  practicing  two 
years  in  Markelsvilfe,  Perry  Co.,  Penn..  he  located  in  Plainfield,  this  county,  in  1872.  and 
practiced  his  chosen  profession  He  has  made  a  fine  reputation  as  a  skillful  and  scien- 
tific physician,  and  has  built  up  a  large  and  influential  practice.  In  the  fall  of  1880.  the 
Doctor  established  a  drug  and  grocery  store,  which  he  si  ill  carries  on.  He  was  married, 
November  3,  1870,  to  Miss  Rachael  M.,  daughter  of  David  Keiser.  of  Middlesex  Township, 
this  county,  and  to  this  union  have  been  born  three  children:  David  W.,  Anna  M.  and 
Rosa  Alberta.  During  the  late  war.  Dr.  Van  Camp  enlisted,  in  August,  1862,  in  Company 
H.  One  Hundred  and  Thirty-third  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry,  and  parti- 
cipated in  the  battles  of  Fredericksburg  and  Cnancellorsville;  re-enlisted  in  September, 
1864,  in  Company  E,  Two  Hundred  and  Eighth  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infan- 
try, and  took  part  in  the  battles  of  Haicher's  Run,  Fort  Steadman,  Black  Water  and  the 
find  charge  on  Petersburg.  He  was  honorably  discharged  at  the  close  of  the  war,  with 
rank  of  sergeant. 

RICHEY  WOODS,  the  first  of  this  name  to  locate  in  this  neighborhood,  came  from 
Scotland,  more  than  a  century  ago.  and  took  up  the  lands  on  which  the  family  still  resides. 
Richey  Woods  remained  a  bachelor;  his  nephew,  Nathan  Woods,  married  Jean  Means 
and  reared  five  children:  Nathan  J.  Ramsey,  Richard  O.  Joseph  McCord,  Martha  J  and 
Margaret  R.  Of  these  Nathan  J.  Ramsey  married  Charlotte  H.,  daughter  of  Jonathan 
and  Eliza  Holmes,  of  this  county,  and  granddaughter  of  Commodore  Richard  O'Brien,  a 
man,  the  merits  of  whose  public  services  were  acknowledged  by  four  successive  Presidents. 
He  died  February  16,  1824.  Nathan  J.  Ramsey  Woods  engaged  in  teaching  school  at 
Huntingdon,  Penn.,  but  after  his  marriage  came  to  the  ancestral  home  of  his  father  and 
engaged  ill  fanning.  On  the  manor  farm  have  been  four  generations  of  the  Woods,  the  last 
being  the  children  of  our  subject:  Nathan,  Holmes.  Elizabeth,  Jennie,  James,  O'Brien  and 
Lottie,  of  whom  James. O'Brien  and  Lottie  survive.  Nathan  J.  Ramsey  Woods  was  an  ardent 
Democrat,  a  Presbyterian  by  faith,  and  a  practical  business  man.  He  died  January  28, 
1866.  The  massive  stone  structure  in  which  the  family  reside  was  compl  -ted  in  1812,  and 
in  all  possibility  will  remain  a  landmark  and  as  a  monument  to  uncle  Richey  for  a  cen- 
tury to  come. 

ANDREW  YOUNG,  farmer,  P.  O.  Plainfield,  is  a  native  of  York  County,  where  he 
resided  until  1852.  His  father,  Abraham  Young,  who  resided  in  York  County  during  the 
war  of  1812,  married  Miss  Elizabeth  Glessing  and  reared  six  children,  five  of  whom  are 
living:  Mrs.  Lydia  Yinger,  John,  Joshua,  Andrew  and  Mrs.  Catherine  Ward.  Mr.  an  1 
Mrs.  Young  located  in  West  Pennsborouirh  Township,  this  county,  in  18,52.  and  here  resided 
until  their  death,  the  former  dying  in  1871,  and  the  latter  in  June,  is?s.  each  about  eighty 
years  of  age.  Our  subject  remained  on  the  family  homestead,  taking  can'  of  his  aged 
parents.  In  the  fall  of  1867  he  was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Matilda  Warner,  of  this 
county,  who  died  February  14,  1871.  leaving  three  children:  Charles  Edwin  [deceased),  an 
infant  son  and  Addie  Justina.  Mr.  Young  was  again  married.  .March  19.  1878,  this  time 
to  Miss  Eliza  Jane,  daughter  of  George  C.  Carothers.  The  children  born  to  this  union  are 
Pearlie  Catharine  and  an  infant,  latter  deceased.  Mr.  Young  owns  the  homestead  firm 
consisting  of  seventy  acres  of  well  improved  land.  He  is  a  life-long  Republican.  Mrs. 
Youug  is  a  member  of  the  Evangelical  Association. 


PART  III. 


TORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY 


History  of  Adams  County, 


CHAPTER  I. 


INTRODUCTORY. 


THE  interest  excited  among  the  good  people  of  Adams  County  in  the  year 
of  the  Nation's  Centennial,  by  the  action  of  Congress  and  the  Presidentof 
the  United  States,  was  most  timelj  Eortunate  in  arousing  the  attention  . 
citizens  who  could  rescue  from  a  fast  coming  total  oblivion  many  of  the  im- 
portant dates  of  the  early  settlement  and  times  of  this  portion  of  the 
State.  rj  harvest  had  grown  over-ripe,  and  already  the  golden  grains 
had  begun  to  fall  to  the  ground  and  waste,  before  the  Centennial  reaper  and 
gleaner  came.  Nearly  a  century  and  a  half  had  been  reeled  off  into  Time's  swift 
flying  shuttle.  Generations  had  been  horn,  grew  to  lusty,  struggling  life,  and 
,ined  the  silent  multitude.  The  busy,  ceaseless  loom  of  the  universe  had 
beaten  and  interlaced  as  one  the  webb  and  woof  of  history,  the  record  of  living 
man.  that  strange  eventful  story    that  historians  are  always  telling  and  that  is 

HeVer   told. 

But  for  this  action  of  the  Centennial  year,  the  l.est  efforts  now  of  the  histo- 
rians would  have  been  but  shreds  and  patches  of  history  of  the  eventful  times 
of  the  earliest  settlers;  an  incoherent  story,  mostly,  '-without  form,  and  void," 
bo  swiftly  does  Time  cover  with  impenetrable  oblivion  the  flitting  ages. 

Innumerable  details  of  the  first  half  century  had  already  been  irretrievablj 
loet;    details   that    the   annalist    of    a   hundred   years   ago   would   have   deemed 
rifling,    and  probably  passed  by  in  silence;   but  the  very  abun- 
oi  these  details  now  would  lie  the  richest  materials  to  the  hands  of  the  his- 
torian, of  absorbing   interest,  and  laden  with  instruction  to   the    people    of 
aeration.     Among  others  the  Hon.  Edward McPherson,  II.  J.  Stable,  I'. 
s.  Buehler,   John  A.    Renshaw   (of  Pittsburgh).   Hon.   John    K.  Longwell,  of 
Westminster,  Md.,  Rev.  J.  K.  Demarest,  Rev.  W.  S.  Van  Cleve  and  J.  S.  Gitt 
have  gathered  and  at  time,  have  had  published  in  the  Gettysburg  Co 
and  in  the  Star  and  Sentint  l.  many  valuable  fads,  from  ancient  familj  papers. 

nts  and  the  oldest  records  'in  this  county,  and  in  York  County, 
recollections  of  themselves  and  the  many  descendants  of  the  early  pioneers,  now 


4  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

growing  to  be  tremulous,  venerable  and  white  haired  men.  Their  publications 
in  the  local  papers  created  a  wide-spread  interest  among  all  classes  of  people, 
and  ancient  Bibles.old  account  books  and  yellowed  manuscripts,  that  had  lain  in 
darkness  and  untouched  for  generations,  were  eagerly  overhauled,  and  valuable 
facts  brought  to  li°ht;  old  grave-yards  were  visited  and  the  fast  fading  inscrip- 
tions upon  the  crumbling  stones  above  the  dead  were  closly  scanned  and  many 
dates  and  facts  here  secured  for  the  historian,  that  the  rust  of  a  decade  more  of 
years  woidd  have  blotted  out  forever.  There  are  many  others  than  those  named 
above  to  whose  intelligent  researches  and  recollections  of  the  olden  times  these 
pa^es  are  deeply  indebted,  and  to  whom  we  here  return  generous  thanks: 
many  of  these  the  reader  will  find  in  the  credits  given  to  them  on  the  pages 
where  facts  furnished  are  given.  To  the  leading  citizens  of  the  county  every- 
where are  due  lasting  obligations  for  the  valuable  and  willing  aid  and  the  cor- 
dial reception  given  the  corps  of  laborers  engaged  m  the  preparation  ot  the 
work. 


II. 

We  have  attempted  in  this  work  to  do  more  than  to  merely  give  in  the  order 
the  annals  of  the  people,  commencing  with  the  earliest  settlers  and  bringing 
the  account  to  the  present  time— we  present  the  varied  pictures  of  that  pan- 
orama of  the  generations,  and  then  assign  events  and  their  results  and  draw 
truthful  deductions,  and  trace  actions  to  that  large  and  broad  field  that  adds 
something  to  real  history,  the  molding  and  influencing  the  human  mind,  that 
subtle  power  that  has  slowly  but  surely  laid  the  foundations  and  built  thereon 
the  present  and  the  coming' civilization  that  is  sun-lit  with  man's  best  future 
hopes  and  aspirations,  and  whose  distant  murmurs  are  music  to  the  true  phi- 
losopher's soul,  like  unto  the  "  multitudinous  laughter  of  the  sea  waves. 

The  difficulties  in  the  pathway  of  the  annalist,  or  the  historian,  are  great 
and  varied  He  should  be  a  stranger  to  all  the  prejudices,  passions,  loves  and 
hates,  idols  and  the  despised  of  those  of  whom  he  writes.  He  must  accept  no 
conclusions  of  the  greatness  or  meanness  of  the  contemporaries,  as  the  interested 
and  prejudiced  judgments  of  men  of  the  times  of  which  he  writes.  He  must 
hear  all' sides  patiently  and  then  form  his  conclusions  without  a  trace  of  the  bias 
of  those  who  brino-  him  the  account.  He  must  keenly  distinguish  between  real 
greatness  and  noisy  notoriety,  and,  hence,  he  must  not  be  a  man- worshiper. 
He  must  absorb  all  the  facts  and  reject  the  coloring  that  comes  of  precon- 
ceived prejudices. 

To  these  he  must  add  the  power  to  picture  to  his  readers  the  people  as  they 
a-tually  lived,  dressed,  worked,  played,  loved  and  hated,  moved  and  acted, 
publicly  and  privately,  and  this  picture  should  be  like  the  impression  of  the 
picture  upon  your  mind  of  the  friend  from  whom  you  have  just  parted  on  the 

'when  this  has  been  done,  there  then  comes  the  most  difficult  part  of  all; 
namely  to  apply  effects  to  causes,  and  trace  these  subtle  and  far-reaching  in- 
fluences and  correctly  join  them  together,  interpret  them  to  demonstrations 
about  which  there  can  be  no  more  future  field  for  argument  and  disputation 
than  there  is  about  a  demonstration  in  a  problem  in  mathematics. 

The  historian  cannot  stop  with  the  relation  of  the  mere  facts  as  he  imds 
them  in  tradition  and  in  the  annals  as  written  by  eye  witnesses  of  occurring 
events      He  must  interpret  all  afresh,  and  properly  divine  causes  and  tenden- 


HISTOKS  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 


So  immeasurably  large  is  the  field  before  bimthal  be  cannol    institute 
^injmriesas  to  facts,  bu<    must  accept   these  as  thej  come  to .him  though 
.  mayweU  know  how  nncerta  *t  of  them  are.      Be  sits  in  the  high 

Softest  appeal,  recasting  the  characters  of  the  meD .and  women  who  lived 
andactedin  the  periods,  I   i   investigates,  condemnmg  and  praising 

SdSng  why  they  acted  as  they  did,  and  what  has  come  to  their  fellow-man 
as  the  results  of  their  existence  here  upon  the  earth. 


III. 


Itis  impossible  to  forma  just  judgment  of  these  men  li  we  confine  our 

in^SatioL  and  circumscril ur  view  to  the  daythey  are  found  in  tin.  m, 

il,l  ofuntrv  Such  a  study  would  till  us  with  error,  and  we  would  rise  from 
Jeperusalof  such  a  history  with  grotesque  and  irrelevant  conclusions,  and 
£atPw3  be  unjust  to  the  memories  of  our  forefathers  and  a  wrong  to  our- 
salves  and  future  generations.  .  ,, 

^SerVmusI  beS  some  general  comprehension  of  that  age-the bent  of  the 
wbrld's  controlling  peoples,  and  the  mighty  religious  struggks  Ni«n4 
tli:lt  ,im,.  eulmkiating  in  drama,  tragedy,  blood  and  revolutions,  i in d  mthe 
end  liberty  for  all  mSiMnd.  When  William  Penn  was  traveling  hrough the 
Old  World  hunting  for  recruits  for  his  province,  itmust  berem  embe  u,  Itha  he 
"flamine  sword"  was  uplifted  high;  a  rolig.ous  Fr.«nzy  had  seized  the  people, 
thSlrsmarchedthepubUc  streets  and  drove  the  people to  -»«f"»"g» 
divine  worship;  turmoil  and  Erenzj  reigned  supreme,  and  the  wildest  msamty 
„Z  turned  loose.  There  was  no  separation  between  theory  and  practice 
between  rivate  ^  inl,,iic  life,  between  the  spiritual  and  temporal  Inspnred 
amy  clambered  intothepulpits  and  launched .the  thunders  of 
urathat  the  heads  of  their  superior  officers.  Ehe  WonaiNJm 
speaking  of  England,  says:  "They  wished  to  apply  Scripture  to  establish  the 
kin-dom  Of  h,aven  upon' earth;  to  institute  not  only  a  Christian  Church,  but  a 
Christian  society;  to  change  the  law  into  a  guardian  of  morals,  to  compel  men 
to  piety  and  virtue-,  and  for  a  while  the]  succeeded  in  it.       ■  i  tten  tne 

.li-'eiphn,  of  the  church  was  at  an  end.  There  was  nevertheless  an  uncommon 
spiritof  devotion  among  all] pie;  the  Lord's  Day  was  observed  with  re- 
markable strictness;  the  churches  were  crowded  three  and  four  times  a  I  la  J  , 
there  was  no  traveling  on  the  roads  or  walking  in  the  fields. 

Relii is  exercises  were  set  up  in  private  families:  family  prayers,  repeat- 
ing Sons  Scriptures  and  singing  psalms  were  so  universal  that 

there  were  tl nly  sounds  you  could  hear  in   the  city  on  the  Lords  Din 

Theaters  were  razed  and  actors  whipped  at  the  cart's  tail.  Parliament  set 
.„,.„.,  ,  each  weet  to  the  consideration  of  the  progress  oi   rebgion, 

aid  the  spa  bes  delivered  the  moment   this  subject  was  entered 

.,,.,,.  ^d    incoherent,  ranting  and  savage  denunciations  of  real   and 
;ainst  subtle  and  curious  dogmas;  and  bills  of  attamder  and 
oaltiesof  the  stocks,  whipping  post,  burning  holes  in  the  tongue  with 
,ns,  slitting  the  ear  and  nose,  throwing  into  dungeons,  and  bam 

and  death  for  the  most  trivial  offenses  of  s] ch  or  acts  were  the  dailj  and 

h0nrb  is  everywhere.     In  order  to  reach  crime  more  surely  tney 

punished  pleasure.     Hum;  d  ingenuitj  was  exhausted  in  the  hunt  for  victims 
,nsign  to  the  most  shocking  punishments. 
But  they  were  unlike  all  other  religious   fanatic  who  had  yet  appeared,   loi 


0  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

while  they  were  austere  against  others,  they  were  equally  so  against  them- 
selves, and  they  practiced  the  virtues  they  exacted.  Two  thousand  ministers, 
after  the  Restoration,  resigned  their  cures  and  faced  certain  starvation  for 
themselves  and  families  rather  than  conform  to  the  new  liturgy.  In  turn  the 
persecutions  heaped  iipon  them  were  shocking  and  cruel.  And  from  here 
came  the  people  to  this  country,  of  whom  Taine,  the  historian  of  "English  Lit- 
erature" says:  "But  others,  exiles  in  America,  pushed  to  the  extreme  this 
great  religious  and  stoic  spirit,  with  its  weakness  and  its  power,  with  its  vices 
and  its  virtues.  Their  determination,  intensified  by  a  fervent  faith,  employed 
in  political  and  practical  pursuits,  invented  the  science  of  emigration,  made 
exile  tolerable,  drove  back  the  Indians,  fertilized  the  desert,  raised  a  rigid 
morality  into  a  civil  law,  founded  and  armed  a  church,  and  on  the  Bible  as  a 
basis  built  up  a  new  State." 

The  English,  the  Dutch,  the  Scotch-Irish,  the  Germans,  the  "Welsh.  Swiss, 
Danes  and  French  came  together  here  to  be  welded  by  the  logic  of  fate  into 
one  people.  The  Anglo-Saxon,  most  fortunately,  dominated  all  and  shaped 
the  ideas  that  controlled  and  influenced  this  heterogeneous  mixture  of  opposites. 
All  brought  with  them  their  variety  of  religious  sects,  their  hates  and  jealous- 
ies of  each,  their  intense  prejudices  of  races  and  religions,  their  gloomy  fanati- 
cism and  severe  morals.  But  the  supreme  force  in  welding  into  one  this  mass 
was  the  love  of  liberty  among  all,  and  the  vivid  recollection  of  the  persecutions 
that  had  exiled  them  to  this  new  world. 

Here  were  some  of  the  controling  conditions  antecedent  that  have  resulted 
in  the  glories  of  this  great  age.  This  was  the  alembic  which  distilled  the  new 
spiritual  life,  the  new  race,  the  new  civilization,  the  epoch  and  age  that,  like 
the  genial  rays  of  the  spring  sun,  has  circled  the  globe  and  made  vocal  with 
joy  where  all  was  icy  despair  and  dreariness.  Bearing  these  great  antecedent 
facts  in  mind,  we  can  proceed  with  the  story. 


HISTORY  OF    LDAMS  COUNTY. 


CHAPTER  II. 

thk  tNDiANS    Fbenob   un>  India*  Wab    NEaut  Jamison,  The  InmanQuebn 
C    -Hanoe   iIaVmiun    McCoed's    Fort    Associated   Companies  in   y;oek 
Coi  n  n   in  17B8 

THE  discoverers  of  America  found  the  Indians  in  possession,  in  the  Indian's 
„,-  tll  Lt,  or  to  thai  portion  of  it  thai   was  known  to  them. 

TW,,,.  ideas  of  possession  of  the  land,  personally,  were  nearly  as  va^ie  as  that  of 
the  wild  animals  that  would  us,,  certain  districts,  when  unmolested,  for  breed 

Lne  purposes,  and  other  portions  as  f ling  grounds,  to  which  they  would  mi 

S  with  the  seasons.  In  their  natures  they  were  wild  and  roving,  and  then- 
round  of  life  was  simply  one  of  ignorant  savages  breeding  ignorant  savages. 
,,„„,  ,-,„.  something  to  eat  and  war  for  fun  and  -lory  was  the  measure  of  his 
type  and  race.  Thej  seemed  to  possess  nothingthat  could  advance  them  even 
toward  the  light  of  civilized  beings.  They  were  lazy,  cowardly,  filthy  and 
densely  ignorant,  and  everj  evidence  we  now  possess  of  them  leaves  the  inev- 
itable conclusion  that,  had 'this  country  remained  unknown  and  unoccupied  by 
white  man  through  all  ages,  the  Indians  would  have  continued  stationary, 
and  persistently  non  progressive.  . 

The  French  and  Indian  war  upon  the  English  settlements  commenced  in 
L755  The  particulars  of  that  bloody  struggle  and  much  of  the  story  of  the 
terrible  suff erings  of  the  border  settlements  are  given  in  the  preceding  part 
of  this  work,  in  the  historv  of  Cumberland  County.  The  people  of  what  is 
now  the  territory  of  Adams  County  were  fortunately  spared  the  terrible  ex 
periences  of  all  the  other  border  settlements.  The  invaders  came  from  the 
north  and  the  South  Mountains  seemed  to  have  placed  bounds  to  a  great  ex- 
.,„t  to  their  savage  visitations,  and  there  wore  but  few  of  the  roving  bands,  in 
small  squads,  that  made  stealthy  raids  upon  the  helpless  people  We,  there 
itenl  ourselves  with  a  short  account  of  what  transpired  here,  so  far  as 
now  be  eleaned  from  the  different  historians  of  those  days. 

ard,  in  Vol  V,  Perm.  Reg.  says:   "In  1775,  the  country,  west  of  the 
Muehanna,  possessed  three  thousand  men  fit  to  bear  arms,  and  in  170(5-,  ex- 
oIubivo  of  the  provincial  forces,  there  were  not  one  hundred;  fear  haying  driv- 
en the  grei  into  the  interior."     This  plainly  indicates  how  the  terror- 
Btrieken] pie  were  compelled  to  abandon  their  homes  and  everything,  and  tier 

for  their  lives. 

Louden's  Narrative,  after  reciting  along  list  of  captures  and  massacres, 
aays-  "Maj  29,  L759,  one  Dunwiddie  and  Crawford,  shot  by  two  Indians,  m 
i  roll's  tract,  York  County."  These  were  Adams  County  men.  whose  names 
,th  in  the  records  of  the  first  settlers  here.  How  briefly  is  the 
murderous  story  told!  There  is  something  bloodcurdling  in  its  very  brevity. 
From  that  we  can  judge  that  such  reports  were  flying  over  the  country  in  ap 
palling  it-ration.  On  the  same  page  iii  the  same  paragraph  is  this  entry. 
'■  Wd  5  L758,  one  man  killed  and  ten  taken,  near  Black's  Gap  on  the  South 
Mountain.  April  L3,  (same  var)  one  man  killed  and  nine  taken  near  Archi- 
bald Bard's,  South  Mountain."  The  chronicler,  it  seems,  was  making  a  fu- 
tile  endeavor  to  enumerate  the  killed  and  captured   and  scalped  and  names  of 


°  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

the  victims  were  lost  in  the  multitude,  something  like   the  glorv  of  a  soldier 
whose  grave  is  marked    ' '  unknown. ' ' 

Again,  "July  27,  1757,  one  McKisson  was  wounded,  and  his  son  taken 
from  the  South  Mountain. ' ' 

"August  17,  1757,  William  Waugh's  barn  burnt  in  the  Tract  (the  Manor), 
York  (Adams)  County,  by  the  Indians.'7 

April  13,  1758,  the  house  of  Richard  Baird  (Bard),  who  owned  a  farm  and 
resided  on  the  southeast  side  of  South  Mountain,  near  the  mill  now  known  as 
Myer's  mill,  on  Middle  Creek,  about  one  and  one  half  miles  from  Fairfield,  was 
surrounded  by  nineteen  Delaware  Indians,  and  the  occupants  of  the  house 
made  prisoners,  as  follows:  Richard  Bard,  his  wife  and  babe  six  months  old; 
a  bound  boy;  a  little  girl  named  Hannah  McBride;  Thomas  Potter,  nephew  of 
Bard's;  together  with  Samuel  Hunter  and  Daniel  McManimy.  who  were  at  the 
time  working  in  a  field;  and  also  a  lad,  William  White,  who' was  coming  to  the 
mill.  Having  secured  then  prisoners  the  savages  plundered  the  house  and 
fired  it  and  the  mill. 

July  3,  1754,  a  battle  was  fought  at  Ft.  .Necessity,  or  Great  Meadows, 
about  fifty  miles  west  of  Cainberton,  Md.  The  French 'and  Indians  won  a  sig- 
nal victory  over  the  English. 

Immediately  after  this  battle  the  situation  became  very  alarming  to  the  set- 
tlers. The  borderers  in  what  is  now  Adams  County  erected  a  block-house 
near  the  present  village  of  Arendtsville. 

Mary  Jamison — The  Indian  Queen. — The  strange  story  of  Mary  Jamison  is 
a  tragedy  and  romance  in  strong  colors  and  remarkable  contrasts.  It  could 
only  have  happened  upon  the  borders  in  the  early  times. 

One  of  the  earliest  settlers  in  the  southwest  of  Adams  County,  near  the 
source  of  Marsh  Creek,  was  Thomas  Jamison  (his  wife  was  Jane  Erwin).  The 
first  of  the  Scotch-Irish_in  that  part  of  the  county  came  in  1735-36,  while  Jami- 
son and  wife  came  in  1  ,  42  or  1 743.  When  they  sailed  from  Ireland  they  had 
three  children — two  sons  and  a  daughter.  During  the  voyage  on  the  ship  an- 
other daughter,  whom  they  named  Mary,  was  born,  and  whose  birth  upon  the 
storm-tossed  ocean  foreshadowed  the  terrible  and  sad  experiences  of  her  life. 

Thomas  Jamison  was  a  thrifty,  industrious  man  and  an  excellent  and 
greatly  respected  citizen,  and  he  soon  had  a  fine  large  farm  and  was  com- 
fortable in  this  world' s  goods.  Two  more  sons  were  born  to  the  family  after 
reaching  this  country.  In  1 754  he  moved  his  residence  upon  another  part  of 
his  land  and  this  brought  him  into  the  Buchanan  Valley.  One  of  his  closest 
neighbors  was  James  Bleakney.  who  survived  and  lived  until  1821,  and  died  at 
the  age  of  ninety-eight  years.  And  it  was  Bleakney' s  granddaughter,  Mrs. 
Robert  Bleakney,  who  lived  to  a  great  age,  from  whom  was  learned  by 
the  present  generation  the  important  facts  of  the  Jamison  family.  She  gave 
the  facts  to  Mr.  H.  J.  Stable  and  informed  him  that  she  had  heard  her  grand- 
father often  tell  all  the  details,  and  the  year  the  terrible  tragedy  was  visited 
upon  them.  She  pointed  out  the  farm  and  the  place  where  the  Jamisons  had 
lived,  and  the  two  trees  under  which  the  man  murdered  by  the  Indians  had 
been  buried. 

Of  her  capture  Mary  Jamison  said :  ' '  Our  family  as  usual,  was  busily  em- 
ployed about  their  common  business.  Father  was  shaving  an  axe-helve  at  the 
side  of  the  house:  mother  was  making  preparations  for  breakfast;  my  two  eld- 
est brothers  were  at  work  near  the  barn;  the  little  ones,  with  myself,  and  the 
woman  with  her  three  children,  were  in  the  house.  Breakfast  was  not  yet 
ready  when  we  were  alarmed  by  the  discharge  of  a  number  of  guns  that 
seemed  to  be  near.      Mother  and  the  woman  before  mentioned  almost  fainted 


.    ..■■■■ 


O^SfiZ^; 


HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY.  '  ' 

Bi  ,,,.  ,,,„,,  ^  ever]  one  trembled  with  fear.  On  opening  the  door  the 
man  andhorse  lay  dead  near  the  house,  having  just  been  Bho1  bj  the  Indians. 
!)»,  first  secured  mj  Eather,  then  rushed  into  the  house  and  made  prisoners 
motner,  mj  two  younger  brothers,  my  sister,  the  woman  and  her  three 
ohildren  and  myself,  and  then  commenced  plundering  the  bouse,  rhe  part] 
that  took  as  consisted  of  four  Frenchmen  and  six  Shawanee  Indians.  Chey 
took  what  thej  considered  most  valuable,  consisting  principally  ol  bread,  med 
and  meal  Saving  taken  as  much  provision  as  they  could  carry,  they  set  out 
with  their  prisoners  in  great  haste,  for  foar  of  detection,  and  soon  entered  the 
woods  "  The  two  eldest  boys,  Thomas  and  John,  fortunately  escaped  Lhej 
were  at  the  barn  when  the  band  attacked,  and  bid  in  a  hollow  log  and  were 
,„,,  discovered.      Eventual!]   they  went  to  Virginia,  to  their  maternal  -rand 

The  captors  with  their  ten  captives  rapidly  traveled  westward.  They 
would  lash  the  children  cruellj  to  make  them  keep  up,  and  all  day  and  all 
nichl  they  gave  them  qo  water  or  food  Toward  noon  of  the  next  day  they 
pSsed  a  fort  qow  Chambersburg,  and  the  evening  of  the  second  day  reached 
theborderofa  "  dark  and  dismal  swamp,"  into  which  thej  were  conducted  a 
-ht.it  distance  to  camp.  .     , 

1  ,  some  uhn  the  savages  ascertained  that  they  were  pursued.  A  deter 
minedband  of  Jamison's  neighbors,  headed  by  a  Mr.  Fields,  had  started  rnpur- 
Btutandweregainingonthefugitives.  Fearing  to  be  overtaken  if  they  continued 
to  encumber  themselves  with  so  many  prisoners,  the  savages  (white  and  red) 
massacred  aval  scalped  eight  of  them,  viz.:  Thomas  Jamison,  his  wife,  their 
daughter  Betsey,  their  two  sons,  Robert  and  Matthew,  Mrs.  Buck  and  two  ol 
herehildren.  Man  Jamison  and  the  little  sua  of  Mrs.  Buck  were  spared 
The  naked  and  mangled  bodies  of  the  slaughtered  victims  wore  found  m  that 
dismal  swamp  by  the  parties  that  had  gone  in  pursuit. 

was  taken  by  the  two  Indian  squaws  in  a  small  canoe  down  the  Ohio 
River  to  a  small  Seneca  Indian  town  called  "She-nan-jee.  '  Thereshe  wasar- 
raved  in  a  suit  of  Indian  clothing,  was  formally  adopted  as  a  member  of  the 
family,  and  received  the  name  of  "Dick-e-wa-mis,"  which,  being  interpreted, 
means  "a  pretty  girl."  .  , 

The  Six  Nations  gave  to  Mary  Jamison  a  large  tract  of  land,  known  as 
the  Garden  Tract,  and  this  grant  was  confirmed  afterward  by  the  Legislature 
of  New  York. 

On  the  19th  day  Of  September,  1833,  life'- long  nightmare  dream  was  over, 
and  Man  Jamison  peacefully  sank  into  that  dreamless  and  eternal  sleep.  Sim 
was  buried  in  the  grave  yard  of  the  Seneca  Mission  Church,  and  a  marble  slab 
erected  over  her  grave. 

While  these  acts  were  being  perpetrated  by  the  Indians,  the  white  men  01 
nov,  i    >untj  were  ,,ot   mere  idle  spectators,  or  terror-stricken  fugitives 

from  their  homes.'  During  this  French  and  Indian  war  Capt.  Hance  Hamilton 
raised  and  commanded  in  person  200  men.  who  were  his  neighbors,  and  many 
Of  whose  descendants  are  now  here. 

On  the  Ithof  .March.  17 oG,  McCord' s  fort,  on  the  Conococheague, was  burned 
bythelm  Beven  persons  were  killed  and  captured.     Pursuit 

was  made  and  the  enemy  overtaken  at  Sideling  Hill  where  a  stubborn  little  was 
fought  The  losses  in  Capt.  Hamilton's  command  wen — killed  Daniel  McCoy, 
,aoe,  John  Blair,  Henry  Jones,  John  McCarty,  John 
Kelly  and  -lames   Lowder,  and  five  other,  (name,  not  given)  were  wounded. 

In  the  Perm.  Archives  i-  given  by  Richard  Peters,  then  Secretary  d  the  col- 
ony, a  "list  of  the  associated   companies   in  York  Count]  in    U56.'       In  all 


12  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

there  were  at  that  time  eight  companies,  and  four  of  these  were  Adams  County 
men,  certainly  commanded  by  Adams  County  men  who  had  recruited  the  com- 
panies, and  at  that  time  men  were  cautious  to  enlist,  only  under  men  they  per- 
sonally knew.  The  following  were  the  companies:  One,  Hugh  Dun  woody,  captain; 
Charles  McMullen,  Lieutenant;  James  Smith,  ensign;  66  privates.  Two,  James 
Agnew,  captain;  John  Miller,  lieutenant;  Sam  Withrow,  ensign;  60  privates. 
Three,  David  Hunter,  captain;  John  Correy,  lieutenant;  John  Barnes,  ensign; 
100  privates.  Four,  Samuel  Gordon,  captain;  William  Smiley,  lieutenant; 
John  Little,  ensign;  100  privates.  Thus  there  were  at  that  early  time  326 
men  from  what  was  this  sparsely  settled  territory. 

In  a  list  of  officers  published  'in  the  Province,  say  in  1756,  with  date  of  com- 
missions, we  find  the  following  in  the  Second  Battalion:  ' '  Capt.  Hance  Hamilton, 
commission  dated  January  16,  1756,  Lieut.  James  Hays,  commission,  May 
22,  1756,  ensign  John  Prentice,  commission,  May  22,   1756." 


CHAPTER  III. 

The  Mason  and  Dixon  Line— German,  Scotch-Irish  and  Jesuit  Immigration 
in  1734— Lord  Baltimore  and  William  Penn— Border  Troubles— Tem- 
porary Dividing  Line— Mason  and  Dixon— Their  Survey— Thomas 
Cresap— " Digges'  Choice"— Zaciiary  Butcher. 


As 


S  stated  elsewhere  the  proprietary  of  the  province  was  compelled  to  send 
.-_^-  settlers  west  of  the  Susquehanna",  at  an  earlier  period  than  was  intended, 
in  order  to  head  off  the  encroachments  that  began  to  be  made  by  those  claim- 
ing from  Lord  Baltimore.  The  Germans  came  into  what  is  now  Adams 
County,  in  1734,  led  by  Andrew  Shriver.  The  Scotch-Irish  came  about  the 
same  time  under  the  lead  of  Hance  Hamilton.  The  Catholics  (Jesuits)  simul- 
taneously (possibly  before)  came  into  the  souiiern  portion  of  the  country  from 
Maryland.  They  were  (that  is  their  priests,  when  traveling  over  the  country 
of  south  Pennsylvania  and  portions  of  Virginia  and  Maryland,  over  a 
century  and  a-half  ago)  subjected  to  many  persecutions  and  often  outrageous 
assaults,  more  than  once  mobbed  and  beaten,  and  the  writer  has  an  account  of 
one  who,  pursued  by  a  mob,  mounted  his  horse  and  swam  the  river  as  the 
bullets  were  flying  thick  about  him.  Two  hundred  years  ago  it  seems  nearly 
all  men  were  illiberal  in  their  religion,  and  believed  in  ghosts  and  witches. 
They  would  persecute  all  of  opposing  sects,  and  then  persecute  themselves 
with  the  fantastic  antics  of  imaginary  witches.  They  had  active  imaginations. 
They  wrangled,  argued,  discussed  and  fought  savagely  about  the  wildest  and 
silliest  mysticisms.  The  most  of  them  had  been  driven  to  the  wilderness,  by 
the  cruelest  persecutions,  to  a  land  of  liberty— to  enforce  with  an  iron  hand 
their  own  incomprehensible  dogmas.  _ 

Fortunately,  beyond  all  else,  Lord  Baltimore,  a  Catholic,  and  William  Perm, 
a  Quaker,  became  the  proprietors  of  the  adjoining  provinces  of  Maryland 
and  Pennsylvania.  In  the  history  of  many  centuries  of  the  world,  here  were 
two  of  the  finest  types  of  great  and  humanitarian  statesmen — two  men  of 
peace,  guided  in  their  religious  and  temporal  affairs  by  the  lofty  conceptions 
of  that  higher  religion  of  the  common  brotherhood  of  man  that  is  so  incompar- 
ably superior  to  those  impassable  lines  of  divisions  of  sects  into  mere  names 
and  church  formulas. 


HISTOID    OF    IDAMS  COUNTY.  I;! 

rjnder  the  control  of  the  average  niter  or  statesman  of  thai  day,  the  dis- 
pute i„  regard  to  the  hiding  the  two  provinces  wouldhave  rushed 

;f„    ,„al,l hi-,,.   Soindefiaitewe  tstoPennand  ^ert  f  rom 

,,„.  English  king  thai  each  washoaesl  in  claiming  ground  thai  the  other  be- 

Uevedtobehisown.   Then  on  each  side  of  the  Hi f< teatioa  were  peoples  ol 

different  religious deno!  adthedifter e  wa    I  .-  serious  and  highly 

Stable  one  of  Catholic  and  Pr stant,  each  of  which  could  j t  to  the* 

mal,vrs,    horrid   persecutions,    long,    implacable   and    1.1 ly    wars   oi    faith 

faith.      Here  was  everj  element,  everj  circumstance  to  lead  to  a  tern 
blecalamity    to  the  people  of  the  two  young  provinces   to  the  country  and  to 
„,ankind.     Sectionallines  and  hates  firsl  arose  among  Che  people  in  reference 
to  the  dividing  line  between  Pennsylvania  and  Maryland.     Long  before  States 

were  formed  fongbefor ix  Onion  was  dreamed  of,  here  was  the .little  cloud 

,„,  iarger  than   font  hand   thai  was  the  true  type  of  sectional  contention  thai 
eventually  culminated  in  the  bloodiesl  civil  war  of  history. 

The  border  troubles  commenced  in  L683  and  raged  with  stubborn  obstmacj 

for  nearly  a  centurj     the  Catholics  of  Maryland  with  the  battle  cry     Hey  for 

Marie!"  and  the  Puritan  shouting  us  he  fought,    "In  the  name  ol  God, 

In' 1 7:;'.>  Thomas  and  Richard  Penn,  grandsons  of  William  Penn,  and  Fred- 
erick    Lord  Baltimore  (great-grandson  of  C« lius  Calvert),  jointlj  organized 

the  first  commission  to  run  a  temporary  dividing  line  between  the  proyinc* 

..,■  completed  its  labors.     Consultations  and  negotiations 

between  the  proprietaries  continued  al   intervals.      Partial  surveys  would  be 

made,  bul  these  were  unsatisfactory  to  each  party,  and  then  steps  would  be  ta- 

ken  fur  an  additional  survey.  , 

0ll  1 1  0f  August,  1  763,  the  Penns  and  Lord  Baltimore  employed, 

in  England,  Charles  Mason  and  Jeremiah  Dixon,  two  eminent  mathematicians 

surveyors,  to  take  char-,  of  the  work.     They  arrived  in  Phdadelphia  and 

dved  their  instructions  in  December,  L763.    Early  in  1764 they  commenced 

their  labors,  and  the  w.»rk  in   the   held   was  completed  in  1  767,  and  anally 

marked  in   17<iS.  v 

I,,  the  autumn  of  1764  they  had  completed  the  preliminary  surveys  neces- 
to  gel   their  proper  point,  and  ran  the  parallel  of  latitude  line  west  to  the 
mehanna,  thus  commencing  the   famous   line  which   bears  their  name  and 
which  is  now  the  dividing  line  between  Pennsylvania  and  Maryland. 

The  actual  work  of  Mason  &  Dixon  extended  244  miles  from  the  Delaware, 

and  with  miles  of  the  whole  distance  to  be  run.     At  this  point,  m 

valle]    marked  on  their  map  "Dunkard's  Creek,     they  came 

!  h,   and  here   their   Indian    escort    informed  them   that  the 

Six  Nations  said  I  hey  musl  -top.     The  remainder  of  the  line  was  run  by  other 

Burveyorsin  1 782,  Eand  marked  in  1784. 

one,  marked  on  one  side  with   the  arms  of  the  Penns  and  on  the  other 

side  A    Baltimore,  was  set  every  five  miles.    The  stones  had  all  been 

prepared  and  aenl  from  England.     The  amount  paid  by  the  Penns  alone  under 

proceedings,   from   L760  to  L768,  was  £34,200,  Pennsylvania  currency. 

border  troubles  al  Brs1    were  solely  between  the  peoples  ol  the  I  enns 

1  Baltimore.       The  noted  champion  of   Maryland  was  the   famous  ('apt. 

sap,  a  squatter  at  Wright's  Ferry,  on  the  west  hank  of  the  Susque- 

hauna.     A  serious  fighl  of  himself  and  son  (afterward  Capt.  Michael  Cresap, 

the  slayer  of  Logan,  the  Mingo  chief)    with   the   Pennsylvaaians  in   1739,  in 

which  Thomas  Cresap  was  raptured  and  led.  a  fettered  bal  defiaal  captive,  in 

triumphal  processio     to    Lancaster,  where  he  was  held  a  prisoaer,  and  indicted 


14  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

and  threatened  with  trial  for  murder,  and  this  finally  led  to  a  settlement  be- 
tween the  provinces  and  arbitration  of  all  questions  in  dispute,  and  the  release 
of  Capt.  Cresap.  The  troubles  among  the  people  changed  about  this  somewhat 
in  form.  Cresap  had  told  the  Dutch  not  to  pay  taxes  to  the  Penns,  and 
Maryland  felt  too  doubtful  of  her  title  to  be  very  exact  in  collecting  her  taxes. 
In  time  there  became  a  fixed  belief  among  the  people  that  they  occupied  a  neu- 
tral and  independent  strip  of  land,  and  they  began  to  feel  that  they  owed  alle- 
giance to  no  one.  They  trespassed  on  "Digges'  Choice,"  who  held  his  grant 
from  Baltimore,  and  they  resisted  Perm's  authority  on  the  Manor  of  Maske. 

In  1757,  at  a  place  on  "Digges'  Choice"  near  what  is  now  Jacob  Ballinger'  s 
Mills,  in  Conowago  Township,  in  a  dispute  about  the  land  titles,  in  which  there 
were  warlike  demonstrations  on  both  sides,  Dudley  Digges  was  fatally  wounded 
by  Martin  Kitzmiller.  Fortunately  for  Kitzmiller  the  Pennsylvania  authorities 
first  secured  possession  of  him  as  prisoner,  and  the  Maryland  authorities  were 
thwarted  in  their  afforts  to  secure  him  as  their  prisoner,  and  he  was  taken  to 
York  and  tried.  He  was  acquitted,  as  it  was  claimed  by  the  prisoner  and  be- 
lieved  by  the  jury,  that  the  killing  was  accidental.  Such  were  the  sectional 
prejudices  a  century  and  a  half  ago,  that  Kitzmiller' s  friends  would  have  been 
loth  to  have  trusted  his  fate  to  a  Maryland  jury. 

In  1741  Zachary  Butcher,  deputy  surveyor  of  Conowago,  was  ordered  by 
the  governor  to  do  some  surveying  on  the  ' '  Manor  of  Maske. "  This  '  'manor' ' 
had  been  established  by  Penn'in  1740.  The  land  title  disputes  are  well  por- 
trayed by  a  quaint  letter  to  the  governor  from  the  surveyor,  from  which  the 
following  extracts  show  the  temper  of  the  people:  *  *  *  "the  Inhabi- 
tants are  got  into  such  Terms,  That  it  is  as  much  as  a  man's  Life  is  worth  to  go 
amongst  them,  for  they  gathered  together  in  Conferences,  and  go  in  Arms  every 
Time  they  Expect  I  am  anywhere  near  there  about,  with  full  resolution  to  kill  or 
cripple  me,  or  any  other  person,  who  shall  attempt  to  Lay  out  a  Mannor  there. " 

The  settlers  threatened  personal  violence  to  Peon's  surveyors,  and  would 
break  the  surveyor's  chain  and  drive  him  off.  These  manor  disputes  were  all 
settled  by  compromises  in  1765,  the  boundaries  of  the  different  manors  marked 
off,  and  the  names  of  the  settlers  on  these  tracts  of  land  designated,  and  the 
long  continued  border  troubles  were  happily  ended. 


CHAPTER  IV. 


Fikst  Settler,  Andrew  Siiriver— Extracts  from  Hon.  Abraham  Shri- 
ver's  Memoir— Eakly  settlers-French  Huguenots-Their  settle- 
ment in  Pennsylvania. 

THE  border  troubles  about  the  dividing  line  between  Penn  and  Lord  Bal- 
timore were  the  real  cause  of  the  first  adventurous  pioneers  coming  into 
what  is  now  Adams  County.  Lord  Baltimore,  as  he  construed  his  grant  from 
the  crown,  extended  his  possessions  several  miles  north  of  what  is  now  the 
dividing  line  between  the  two  States,  and  Penn  claimed  that  his  grant  extended 
to  the  south,  and  covered  even  a  fraction  more  territory  than  is  now  within  the 
State  limits  to  the  south.  This  rivalry  of  contention  was  the  real  stimulating 
cause  of  the  first  settlers  coming  at  the  time  they  did.  The  particulars  of 
these  proprietary  grants  are  given  in  detail  in  preceding  chapters,  and  in  this 


lUSTnKY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY.  ' '» 

ohapter  we  will  only  Inquire  as  to  who  LI  was  that  firal   opened  the  way   here 

"  ^Jotol.RenXw.-of  Pittsburgh,  in  a  communication  to  the  Star  and 
I    dated  March,  L876,   makes  the  claim  upon  what  seems  to  be  docu 
Sat'testimony,   which,  so  far,  bears  the  bes    evidence  yel  found  on  this 
S32,  that  Andrew  Shriver (ancient  speUing,  Schreiber),  wasthefirsl  actual 
settler  in  the  county.     Mr.  Renshawsays: 

n..Thi,  memoir  ,-;,.,,,  which  these  facts  are  gathered  was  prepared  by  Hon. 
Abraham  Shriver,  now  deceased,  for  manj  years  resident  judge  of  the  <  ount] 
<■„„■.  „f  Frederick  City,  Md,  being  the  result  of  his  researches  from  various 
sources  withir  his  reach,  and  covers  a  period  from  the  year  L673  to  the  year 
L829,  the  latter  being  the  date  of  the  original  manuscript.  _ 

The  memoir  states  thai  Andrew  Schreiber  (Schnver  or  Shnver)  and  f am- 
ilv  were  aatr I  Ustenbarn  in  the  Electorate  Palatine,  G«n»ay.  and  immi- 
grated to  this  countrj  in  the  year  L721,  landing  at  Philadelphia,  afterward 
amoved  into  the  country  in  the  oeighborhood  of  Gashehoppen,  near  the 
Trappe,  on  the  Schuylkill;  where  they  made  their  home  for  some  years. 

VL,.  father.  Andrew  Schreiber,  died  here,  and  one  oi  his  sons  Andrew. 
then  learned  the  trades  of  tanner  and  shoe-maker,  and, having  completed  hisap 
nrenShip  in  the  year  L732,  continued  to  work  at  Ins  trade  for  one  year.in 
Et  he  earnld  Us.  b.  the  spring  of  1733,  being  then  wenty-one 
years  of  age,  he  married  Ann  Maria  Keiser,  and  the  following  spring  (1734) 
moved  with  his  wife  to  Conowago,  then  in  Lancaster,  now  Adams  County 
Xre,  Sex  paj  Lng  for  sundry  articles  wherewith  to  begin  the  world,  he  had 

^^mfvinf'to  Conewago,  Andrew  Schreiber's  step-brother  David  Jung 

(Young),  came  with  him  and  helped  to  clear  three  acres  of  land  which  hey 
planted  in  corn,  and  Young  then  returned  home.  During  tins  clearing  ah,.,, 
!,uv,  weeks),  they  lived  under  loung's  wagon  cover  after  which  Andrew 
river  pealed  elm  bark,  and  made  a  temporary  hut  to  keep  off  the  weather, 
,  by  fallprepared  a  cabin.  Thewagonthat  brought  him  to  this  place  passed 
through  what  is  now  called  Will's  bottom,  and  in  the  grass,  which  was  as  high 

:1.  IhTwagon,  left  marks  of  its  passage  which  were  visible  for  several  years 
There  was  no  opportunity  of  obtaining  supplies  for  the  first  year  short  of 
Steamer'  r  the  town  of  Lancaster." 

He    purchased     LOO    acre,    of   land,    where   he      stopped,  of    John  Dlgges, 
and  the  agreed  price  for  this  land  was  "one  hundred  pairs  of  negro  shoes. 
\nd  this  debt  was  paid  according  to  contract  to  Digges,  and  afterward  Shriver 
l')OUirht   more    land  of  the  same   party   and  paid  the  money  therefor      The 
nearest  neighbor  at  tl  ettled    here  was  a  famih   ..]    the  name  ol  Far- 

ney   living  where  the  town  of  Hanover  now  stands.     The  public  road  coming 
from  the  south  was  made  "and  passed  by  Shriver' s  improvement. 

■■At  the  time  of  his  settlement  here  the  Indians  hyed 
near  him  in  even   direction."      And    then    follows   this   historical   item:  A1 

this  period  (1734-35),  and  for  several  years  thereafter.    theDelawares  and    a 
tawba    tribes   were  at    war.  and  each  spring    many  warriors    passed   by,     when 
they  would  display  in  triumph  the  scalps  hooped,  painted  and  suspended  from 
,  pole    winch  they  hi  I     to  obtain  from    their  enemy,   and  they  would 

*  .  ,  of  free  quarters,  towhich,  as  there  could  he  no  re- 

sistance  of  course  ..-no  was  attempted.     The  con  «>very 

ed  around  the  pi! E  peace  and  friend,!., p.  without  any  at 

apt  at  wanton    injury."  

$he  iand  6  1  by  Andrew  Shriver  became  the  homestead  of  Ueoige 


16  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

Basehoar.  It  lies  about  three  miles  east  of  Littlestown,  and  five  miles  north- 
west of  Hanover,  near  Christ  Reformed  Church.  In  the  ancient  grave-yard  of 
this  old  church  rests  the  dust  of  many  of  the  early  pioneers  of  this  county. 

Unfortunately  the  paper  does  not  give  the  dates  of  the  coming  of  those  who 
followed  Andrew  Shriver.  The  first  to  come  were  Ludwig  Shriver,  a  brother, 
David  Young,  mentioned  above,  Middlekauf,  "Wills  and  a  few  others  that,  in  the 
words  of  the  memoir,  "followed  in  a  few  years, "  and  made  settlements  near  him. 

Among  the  early  settlers  in  this  region,  who  followed  the  Shrivers,  and  with 
whose  families  they  intermarried,  were  the  Ferrees  and  LeFevres,  of  the  Hu- 
guenots, who  had  been  driven  from  the  towers  of  Linden,  France,  in  the  year 
1685,  by  the  cruel  persecutions  of  Louis  XIV,  and  took  refuge  in  Germany, 
when  hearing  of  the  province  of  Pennsylvania,  then  under  the  great  and  good 
William  Penn,  they  made  their  way  to  London,  and  there  embarked  for  Amer- 
ica and  settled  in  Pequea,  Lancaster  County,  and  afterwards  came  to  Conowago. 
where  their  descendants  still  occupy  some  of  the  farms  in  this  rich  valley. 

Here  then  was  the  first  little  fringe  of  civilization  planted  deep  in  the  dark 
old  forests  of  Adams  County,°sheltered  under  the  wagon  cover  of  Shriver' s  and 
Young's  wagon,  the  a  rant  couriers  of  the  increasing  sweep  of  that  grand  race  of 
men  who  created  the  greatest  empire  in  the  tide  of  time;  fertilizing  its  seed  with 
the  spirit  of  independence  and  liberty  that  was  to  leven  the  human  race  all  over 
the  world  and  yield  the  rich  blessings  of  mental  and  physical  freedom  that  we 
now  enjoy.  Shriver  was  a  typical  representative  of  the  American  pioneer,  the 
most  admirable,  the  greatest  race  of  men  and  women  that  have  appeared  upon  the 
earth  in  nineteen  hundred  years.  The  just  judgment  of  the  great  men  of  the 
world  is  the  full  measure  of  the  results  that  flow  out  from  their  actions.  This 
is  the  sole  criterion  by  which  the  last  final  and  irrevocable  judgments  are  to  be 
made,  and,  by  this  standard,  there  is  nothing  to  raise  a  question  when  intelli- 
gent men  come  to  hunt  out  their  real  heroes — their  truly  great— in  awarding  the 
world's  meed  of  praise  to  the  pioneer.  These  lowly, silent,  obscure  men  of  the 
wilderness  and  the  solitudes — full  of  gloomy  religion,  quaking  with  supersti- 
tious fears,  stern,  inflexible  and  often  grotesque  in  their  ideas  of  moral  tenets, 
illiterate  generally,  illiberal,  nearly  always,  reading  only  their  old  family  Bibles, 
and  laboriously  spelling  out  from  this  good  bo^S.  precepts  upon  precepts,  that 
to  them  and  their  families  were  literally  "'the  law  and  the  gospel,"  that  were 
administered  upon  those  in  their  care  and  themselves  with  rods  of  iron;  rude  in 
dress  and  manners,  crude  in  thought  and  practice,  with  coarse,  scanty  fare, 
generally  wretchedly  served  in  brush  and  pole  tents  and  cabins  on  dirt  floors, 
unwashed,  unkempt,  without  books,  without  papers,  without  a  polite  literature, 
without  information  and  without  culture  mostly;  they  had  been  long  yet  will- 
ing sufferers  of  cruel  persecutions  for  conscience  sake;  they  had  been  beaten 
with  many  stripes,  imprisoned,  starved,  branded  with  hot  irons — naked  fugi- 
tives from  their  native  land,  in  sorest  poverty,  seeking  a  refuge  in  the  unknown 
world,  among  the  red  savages  and  the  wild  beasts  of  the  forests. 

What  a  school  !  What  a  grand  race  of  men  it  bred  !  Men  of  iron  and 
action.  No  braver  men  ever  lived.  They  were  brave  physically  and  morally. 
They  absolutely  knew  no  fear  of  anything  mortal.  Their  hard  school  had  su- 
perbly developed  their  minds  and  bodies  for  the  great  work  they  had  sought 
out  to  do.  They  were  men  of  large  bone  and  muscle  and  brain,  and  knew 
nothing  of  the  enervating  influences  of  wealth  and  idleness.  The  spirit  of  re- 
ligious persecutions  pervaded  the  old  world,  and  no  class  of  men  in  civilized 
or  semi-civilized  people  are  so  pitilessly  cruel  as  the  religious  fanatic  and 
bigot;  and  their  scourged  and  banished  victims  were  the  seed  of  that  civiliza- 
tion that  has  overthrown  the  bloody  tyrants  and  liberated  a  long  suffering 
world. 


Ilisroiiv  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY.  1  ' 

Behold  the  magnitude  of  the  results,  and  the  pauoitj  of  means.  In  the 
world's  history  of  greal  social  or  political  movements,  there  is  nothing  at  all 
comparable  to  that  of  the  fruits  and  labor  of  the  pioneers  as  we  have  the  results 
,,,  aaTi  xheir  onlj  school  was  the  world's  saddesl  travail,  and.  in  their  diresi 
Buffering,  no  murmur  escaped  their  tongues,  in  t  lie  darkest  hour  of  their  long 
gloomy  night,  no  cry  for  succor  found  breath  in  their  lips.  They  walked  with 
God  '  They  knew  no  anger,  because  they  knew  no  fear. 


CHAPTER  V. 

Second     \kki\  \i  -    Pkxx's    Purchase— " Manob    of    Maske"— Subvet— Ob- 
_,,.,,  hons    Compromise— "Carroll's  Delight"    ListofEarlj  Settlers 

ON   Tin:    Man. n:,   AM>   WARRANTEES— " OLD   HtLL"  CHURCH— PRESBYTERIAN 

Congregation  i\  Cumberland  Township. 

IN  the  year  17:>>f>  William  Penn  purchased  all  the  region  lying  west  of  the 
Low  e'r  Susquehanna  from  the  Indians.  There  is  strong  evidence  that  as  soon 
as  the  purchase  became  known  to  the  borderers  east  of  the  river,  they  began  to 
move  across  to  these  rich  and  beautiful  lands.  Prior  to  that  time,  doubtless, 
Borne  of  them  had.  in  friendly  visits  to  the  Indians  here  in  their  hunting  and 
trapping  expeditions,  looked  from  many  of  those  elevations  about  us  over  the 
enchanting  Bweep  of  valleys,  the  gently  rolling  hills,  and  drank  of  the  cool 
crystal  waters  that  went  rippling  down  nearly  every  hill  side.  They  had 
described  what  they  saw  to  their  friends  and  a  few  of  the  most  adventurous 
came  across. 

There  is  no  record  or  tradition  now  to  tell  exactly  who  they  were  or  when 
the\  tirst  came. 

In  1739   40.  as  the  Dutch  then  were  rapidly  coming.  Penn  laid  out.  in  what 

\dams  county,  a  reservation  for  himself  and  family,  and  called  it  the 

■■  Manor  of  Masque,"  after  the  title  of  an  old  English  estate  belonging  to  some 

of  his  distant  relatives.     He  had  laid  out  "manors"  before  this  in  the  eastern 

part  of  the  S 

•  He.  Penn.  sent  surveyors  to  run  out  the   " Manor  of  Masque"   and  the 
for  the  survey,  bearing  date  June  18,   1741,  is  as  follows: 

PENNSYLVANIA  B. 

i:,  mi.  Proprietaries. 

These  are  to  authorize  and  require  thee  to  survey  or  cause  to  lie  surveyed   a  tract  of 
of  Marsh  Creek  on  the  West  side  of  the  River  Busquehannah  in  the 

ining  about  thirty  thousand  acres  for  our  own  proper  use  and 

to  return  under  the  name  and  style  of  our  Manor  of  Maske  in  the 

jaid  into  our  Secretarv'sofflce,  and  for  so  doing  this  shall  be  thy 

sufficient  warrant.      Given  under  my  hand  and  the  seal  of  our  band  office  at   Philadelphia 

June  in  the  'year   of  our  Lord  one  Thousand   Seven    Hundred    and 

THOS   PENN. 
To  Bkn.f.  A.  Eastburn, 

h  rural. 
But  the  matter  must  have  I □  determined  upon  at  an  earlier  date  than  tin- 
issue  of  the  order,  for  in  the  archives  of  Pennsylvania  is  a  letter  dated  June  I  7, 
17  11.  from  Zachary  Butcher,  a  deputy  surveyor,  in  which  he  alludes  to  his 
effort,  two  weeks  prior  to  that,  to  make  the  survey.     The  whole  letter  has 

»Ex7n I  McPherson,  who  has  a  collection  of  old  records  and  family  papers 

which  is  now  largely  the  only  insight  into  the  history  ol  the  early  settlers,  extant. 


18  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

interest  for  the  descendants  and  the  successors  of  the  ' '  unreasonable  Creatures  ' ' 
who  then  inhabited  this  region,  and  it  is  as  follows: 

Sir: — I  was  designed  about  two  weeks  ago  to  have  Laid  out  the  Mannor  at  Marsh 
Creek,  but  the  Inhabitants  are  got  into  such  Terms,  That  it  is  as  much  as  man's  Life  is 
worth  to  go  amongst  them,  for  they  gathered  together  in  Conferences,  and  go  in  Arms 
eveiy  Time  they  Expect  I  am  anywhere  near  there  about,  with  full  resolution  to  kill  or 
cripple  me,  or  any  other  person,  who  shall  attempt  to  Lay  out  a  Mannor  there. 

Yet,  if  the  Honble  Proprietor  shall  think  fit  to  order  such  assistance  as  shall  with- 
stand such  unreasonable  Creatures.  I  shall  be  ready  and  willing  to  prosecute  the  same  with 
my  utmost  Endeavor,  as  soon  as  I  come  back  from  Virginia.  1  am  going  there  on  an 
urgent  occasion.  I  am  yours  to  serve, 

Conewago,  June  17,  1741.  Zacii.  Butcher,  Dpt. 

Below  is  a  list,  as  printed  at  the  time,  of  the  settlers  on  Marsh  Creek,  who 

obstructed  the  survey,  1 7  I  '■  1 : 

1  Wm.  McLelan,  .                                    John  Eddy, 
Jos.  Farris,  8  John  Eddy,  Jr., 
Hugh  McCain,  9  Edw'd  Hall, 

2  Matw.  Black.  10  Wm.  Eddy, 

3  Jam.  McMichill.  11  James  Wilson, 

4  Kobt.  McFarson,  12  James  Agnew, 
Wm.  Black.  John  Steen, 
John  Fletcher.  Jr.,  John  Johnson, 

5  Jas.  Agnew  (cooper),  John  Hamilton, 
Hemy  McDonath,  13  Hugh  Logan, 

John  Alexander,  John  MeWharten  (sajrs  he  shall  move  soon), 

6  Moses  Jenkins,  Hugh  Swainey, 

7  Rich'd  Hall,  Titus  Darby, 
Richard  Fossett,  Thomas  Hooswick. 
Adam  Hall, 

Declares  yt  if  ye  chain  be  spread  again  he  would  stop  it,  and  then  took  ye  Compass 
from  ye  Surveyor-Gen. 

"  The  first  thing-  which  strikes  me,"  says  Mr.  McPherson,  "  is  the  number 
of  persons  in  this  list  of  '  settlers, '  whose  names  do  not  apj:>ear  on  the  only 
authentic  records  yet  found  of  the  settlement.  Of  the  twenty-nine  persons 
named,  nearly  one-third  represent  families  of  whose  settlement  there  is  now  no 
trace;  and  there  are  some  mistakes  in  names.  'McLelan'  stands  for  McClel- 
lan;  'McCain'  for  McKean;  'McFarson'  for  McPherson;  'Swainey'  for 
Sweeney;   'Hooswick  '  for  Hosack;   '  Eddy  '  for  Eddie. ' ' 

No  further  steps  were  taken  in  the  direction  of  a  survey  of  the  manor  until 
1765.  A  compromise  was  effected  early  in  that  year  through  the  agency  of 
James  Agnew  and  Robert  McPherson,  who  acted  as  a  committee  for  the 
settlers,  and  who  secured  the  concession  that  the  lands  taken  up  prior  to  1741 
should  be  subject  to  the  "common  terms/'  and  that  the  others  should  be 
liberally  treated.  The  boundaries  of  the  manor  were  thereupon  marked  in 
1706,  and  were  made  to  include  43.500  acres  instead  of  30,000  as  originally 
ordered. 

A  list  of  names  of  the  first  settlers,  with  the  date  of  their  settlement,  was 
returned  to  the  land  office,  to  prove  the  incipieney  of  their  title.  After  the 
resistance  of  1741  and  1743  no  warrants  whatever  for  land  in  the  manor  were 
granted  by  Penn's  agents.  But  in  April,  1765,  thirty-seven  were  granted;  in 
May,  nine;  in  June,  three,  and  in  other  months  of  that  year  twelve,  making 
seventy-one  warrants  in  all. 

The  manor  is  separated  by  a  narrow  strip  from  Carroll' s  tract,  or  ' '  Carroll' s 
Delight,"  as  it  was  named.  This  was  surveyed  under  Maryland  April  3.  1732, 
and  patented  August  8,  1735,  to  Charles,  Mary  and  Elinor  Carroll.  It  was 
sold  to  some  extent  and  warrants  given  by  Carroll's  agents,  they  supposing  it 
lay  in  Frederick  County,  Maryland,  and  to  be  a  part  of  Lord  Baltimore's  grant 
from  the  King.      The  Carroll  tract  contained  about  5,000  acres. 


,    OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 


'J  I 


The  earh  settlers  upon  the  Manor  of  Maske  located  on  Marsh  Creel       \ 
paper  published  in  the  Compiler,  January  L6,  L876,  gives  an  interesting  account 

of  an  old  record  paper  found  in  the  p i f  the  countj  surveyor.      H  is 

a  reporl  to  Penn's  agent  of  a  lisl  of  Bottlers  on  the  manor  who  had  filed  their 

claims  upon  lands,  and  included  those  who  had  take d  warrants  as  well  as 

,i  ,.,,,        Do  this  valuable  lis!  of  early  settlers  are  added  the  lames 
,,,-  thos,  oul   warrants  between  1765  and   1775,  as  appears  on  the 

records  of  the  Department  of  Internal  Affairs  at  Harrisburg. 
\jmev    James  and   Thomas   Douglas,   in    Ferguson,  James,  September,  1741. 

trust   for  Presbyterian   meetin  erguson,  Hugh,  September,  1741. 

in  forks  of  Plum    Bun,  5  acres,   April     Fletcher,  John,  June,  1739. 

j-    ,-,.-,  !■'[, ■! ,  her,  John,  300  acres,  April  10,  176a. 

September,  1739.  Fletcher.  Robert.  May,  1741. 

James,  50(5  acres,  April  15,  1765.        Frazier,  David   March,  1738. 
Agnew  James  Jr..  250 acres,  AprU  16,1765.   Gettys,  Samuel,  May,  1740 


Agnew,  Samuel,  Maj .  1741. 

Samuel.  125  acres,  April  16,  1  76  i. 
Anan,  Rev.  Robt.,  May.  1741. 
John,  April,  11 10. 
Armstrong,  Quintin,  April.  1740 

Q   ,  Muu.it  Airy),  300  acres.Oc- 
r  i .  1 765. 
Baird,  W.  (surveyed  to  Robert  McPherson, 

200    i  October  T,  1765. 

Beard,  John,  heirs  of,  Si  ptember,  1740. 

Mav'  171"'  ,  ,™. 

.  ictober  8,  l..  1. 

Block.  Robt.,  heirs  of,  March,  1738 

Robl  .  May,  1740. 

Block,  Robl  .  WO  ai  res,  June  32,  1773. 


....  Sam!  .  on  Middle  I  Irei       Mta   ,1741. 
i  lettys,  Saml.,  250  acres,  June  17,  1765. 

Jean,  May,  1741. 
Gibson,  .lane  100  acres.  April  16,  1765. 
Gibson,  Robt.  and  William.  Octoto 
Gibson,  Samuel,  <  (ctobi  r,  1736. 

,  Jennett, 200 acres,  August  '-'7,  1765. 
Ball,  Edward,  March,  1741. 
Hall,  James,  April,  1741. 
Hamilton,  Hance,  April,  1741. 
Herron,  Andrew,  April,  i  r40. 
Hosack,  John,  March 
Hosack,  John,  March,  1740. 
Hosack,  John,  150  acres,  April  22,  1765. 
Hosack,  Thomas,  300  acres,  April  22,  1765. 


acres,  .May  18,  1765.  Innis,  .lan.es.  May,  1. 10 


Boyd,  John,  M  irch,  1740. 
Boyd,  John,  130  acres,  Octobi  r  7,  1765. 
Boyd,   i  March,  1741. 

Boyd.  William.  200  acres,  May  15.  1765. 
Brown.  John,  May,  1741. 
Brown.  Samuel,  May.  1741. 
Bruiifi.'l.l.  Robert,  September,  1739. 
Buchanan,  John,  400  acres,  May  15,  1 765. 
Buchanan,  John,  Maj  .  17 10. 

:  (widow),  May.  1740. 
nan.  Walter,  September,  1739. 
John,  April.  1741. 


Jenkins,  Moses,  May,  1740. 

Jenkins,  Moses,  200  acres,  October  7,  1765. 
on,   Ephraim   and   Isaac   Robinson, 

William  McClean,  .lames  Stevenson, 
Stephen  McCbrkle,  Samuel  Knox,  150 
acres,  April  22,  1765. 

Johnston,  Robert,  April.  1741. 

Johnston,  Robt.,  150ai  res,  April  16,  1 765 

Karr,  George,  350  acres,  April  16,  1765. 

Eerr,  rge,  I  >ctober,  1740. 

Kerr.   John,  April.  1741. 

Leard,  John,  September,  1739.  S 


\  arson,  .hinn,  .vun.    im.  „,, ',,         ,-,,. 

April  20,  1773.  Latta,  Thomas,  May,  1740. 

•  I  «   —    .1  I      .,  I  I   .,         'Pli.Mv.ot         'i()H     'iiTlW 


Henry,  April,  17-11. 

Henry,  'J(>0  I acres.  October 2,  1765. 
,  John,  April.  1741. 
oseph,  April,  1741. 
May,  I  741. 
Craig,  John,  heirs,  April.  I 
Creighton,  Robert,  Jung,  1739. 
Darby,  John,  heirs  of,  April,  1739. 

Hugh,  April.  1739. 
Davis,  Hugh,  60  acres,  October7,  1765. 

Thomas,  200  acres,  April  17,  1765.  Little,  John,  May,  1.  II 

Douglas,  Thomas,  May,  1740.  Long,  Robt.,  September,  1739. 

April  16,  1765.  Long,  Robert,  200  acres,  April  16,  l,6o. 

Dunw h,  David,  April,  1741.  Lesley,  Hannah,  April  1,41. 

Dunwoody   David,  1""  acres,  April  16,1765.  Martin,  Thomas,  May.  1741. 

Dunw.  \pnl.iiH.  Mmer,  John,  April,  1741. 

Dunwoody,  B  -.  April  16,  1765.  Moore,  David,  March,  1741. 

Samuel,  May,  1741.  M *,  Joseph,  March,1740. 

Brwin  i  789  Morrow,  John,  200  acres,  April  16  1765. 

Erwin,  Willian  >r,  1730.  Murphy,  James,  200  acres,  May21,  1765 

Evans    Duncan,  Oct  Morrison,  Archibald,  May,  1740. 


.  Imii.as  'J teres,  April  16,  1765. 

Latta,  Thomas,  350  acres,  October  7.  1774. 
Latta,   Thomas   (called  Kapho),    April  16, 

1765. 

in,  Andrew.  May,  1740. 
Livingston,  Andrew,   100  acres,  September 

16.  17H5. 
Linn,   Adam,  May,  1741. 
Linn,  John,  April.   I 
Linn,  Robt.,  April.  1740. 
Linn,  Robt.,  150  acres,  April  13,  1767. 


22 


HISTORY   OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 


Morrison,  Archibald,  heirs,  200  acres,  April 

19,  1775. 
Morrison,  John,  300  acres,   Sept.  11,  1705. 
Morrison,  Joseph,  200  acres  June  27,  1765. 
Morrison,  Robert,  200  acres,  June  4,  1765. 
Murphy,  John,  April,  1711. 
Murphy,  John.  160  acres.  August  13,  1767. 
MeAdams,  Quintin,  April,  1741. 
McAllister,  Gabriel,  April,  1741. 
McCarley,  Moses,  April,  1739. 
McCarley,  Moses,  200  acres,  May  15,  1765. 
McCleary,  Thomas,  May,  1740. 
McClelland,  David,  300  acres,  April  16,  1765. 
McClelland,  Jacob,  May,  1740. 
McClelland,  William,  May,  1740. 
McClelland,  William,  300  acres,  August  30, 

1767. 
McChter,  James,  iu  right  of  William  Davi- 
son, September  26.  1740. 
McColcock,  Samuel,  May,  1741. 
McConaughy,  David.  Hans  Hamilton,  Rob- 
ert   McPherson,    Samuel   Edie,    John 
Buchanan,    in   trust  for   Presbyterian 
Church,  in  Cumberland  Township,  100 
acres,  May  25,  1765. 
McCormick,  Benjamin,  October,  1736. 
McCracken,  Thomas,  September,  1740. 
McCracken,  Thomas,  300  acres,  Oct.  7,  1765. 
McCreary,  William,  April,  1740. 
McCreary,  William,  301)  acres.  April  29, 1774. 
McCulloch,  Samuel,  160  acres,  April  16,  1765. 
McDonald,  Duncan.  April,  1740. 
McDonald,    Duncan,  assignee,    120   acres, 

September  15,  1766. 
McDonogh,  heirs,  April,  1739. 
McDowell,  John,  April,  1741. 
McFarlan,  John,  October,  1738. 
McFerran,  John,  May,  1741. 
McFerran,  William,  May,  1741. 
McGalvey,  John,  450  acres,  April  16,  1765. 
McGaughy,  John,  April,  1741. 
McGaughy,  James,  April,  1740. 
McKean,  James,  12  acres,  April  23,  1775. 
McKean,  Alexander,  March,  1738. 
McKean,  John,  heirs  of,  March.  1738. 

McKeeman ,  September,  1740. 

MeKinley,  William,  April,  1741. 
McKinney,  Robert,  May,  1740. 
McMullen,  Charles,  May,  1740. 
McMullen,  Mary,  May,  1741. 
McNair,  Alex.,  April,  1741. 
McNair,  Alex.,  150  acres,  October30,  1772, 
McNair,  Alex.,  250  acres,  October30,  1772. 
McNaught,  James,  May,  1740. 
McNaught,  James,  100  acres,  Jan.  16,  1767. 
McNea,  John,  April,  1741. 
McNeil,  Robert,  April,  1740. 
McNiel,  John,  March,  1740. 
McNutt,  John,  fifty  acres,  May  18, 1765. 
McPherson,  Robert,  222  acres,  Oct.  9,  1738. 
McPherson,  Robert,  300  acres,  Oct.  17, 1765. 
McPherson,    Robert  and  Samuel   Edie,  in 
trust  for   heirs  of  Thomas  Boyd,  150 
acres,  January  16,  1767. 
McPherson.  Robert   and  David  Grier,  217 

acres,  October  17,  1767. 
Nealson,  Thomas,  March,  1741. 
Orr,  James,  May,  1739. 


Parke,  David,  March,  1741. 

Parke,  John,  March,  1741. 

Paxton,  John,  March,  1741. 

Paxton,  John,  140  acres,  May  28,  1765. 

Paxton,  Samuel,  Sr.,  March,  1741. 

Paxton,  Samuel,  Jr.,  March,  1741. 

Paxton.  Thomas.  March,  1741. 

Pearson,  Henry,  April,  1741. 

Peden,  Samuei,  May,  1741. 

Poe,  Alexander,  May,  1741. 

Poe,  Alexander,  200  acres,  April  16, 1765. 

Quiel,  William,  Sr.,  April,  1741. 

Quiel,  William,  Jr..  April.  1741. 

Ramsey,  William,  May.  1740. 

Reed,  James,  August,  1738. 

Reed,  John,  November,  1740. 

Reed,  John,  200  acres,  September  16,  1766. 

Reed,  Mary,  September,  1740. 

Riddle,  James,  300  acres,  January  16,  1767. 

Rowan,  Henry,  June.  1739. 

Rowan,  Henry,  200  acres,  April  17,  1765. 

Russell,  James,  May,  1740. 

Russell.  John,  May,  1740. 

Scott,  Hugh,  September,  1746. 

Scott,  Hugh,  180  acres,  April  16,  1765. 

Scott,  John,  May,  1740. 

Scott,  John.  125  acres,  April  16,  1765. 

Scott,  William,  April,  1741. 

Scott,  William,  300  acres,  April  17,  1765. 

Shannon,  Thomas,  September,  1740. 

Shannon,  Thomas,  300  acres,  April  16,  1765. 

Sipes.  George,  130  acres,  April  16,  1765. 

Simple,  John,  May,  1740. 

Slemons,  Rev.  John,  Hugh  Ferguson, 
Amos  McGinley  and  John  Alexander, 
in  trust  for  use  of  Middle  Presbyterian 
Church,  in  Hamiltonban  Township, 
joining  lands  of  said  Slemons  and 
James  Kimberlin,  10  acres,  August  13, 
1767. 

Slemons,  Rev.  John  (choice)  214  acres,  Au- 
gust 13,  1767. 

Slemons,  Thomas,  165  acres,  Aug.  12.  1765. 

Smith,  Robert,  April,  1741. 

Smith,  William,  April.  1739. 

Smith,  William  Boyd  B.,  March,  1740. 

Spear,  Robert.  192  acres  (part  in  manor). 

Steele.  John  (part  in  manor),  Sept.,  1740. 

Steel,  John  (part  in  manor),  240  acres,  April 
16,  1765. 

Stevenson,  Samuel,  May,  1741. 

Stevenson,  William,  May,  1741. 

Stewart,  Robert.  100  acres,  May  30,  1765. 

Stuart,  Alexander.  April,  1741. 

Stuart,  John.  April,  1741. 

Stuart,  John,  250  acres,  April  16,  1765. 

Stuart,  John  (Marsh  Creek),  March,  1741. 

Sweeny,  Myles,  March,  1741. 

Sypes," George.  April.  1741. 

Tedford,  James,  May,  1740. 

Thompson,  Andrew,  May,  1741, 

Thompson,  Andrew,  125  acres,  April  16, 
1765. 

Thompson,  James,  May,  1741. 

Thompson,  James,  260  acres,  Oct.  7,  1765.. 

Vance,  Charles.  300  acres.  April  16,  1765. 

Walker.  Alexander,  April,  1740. 

Walker,  James,  May,  1740. 


1IISTH11V   OF   ADAMS  COUNTY. 


23 


\\,„    Q  or®    186  icres    Di     mber8,  L77S.     Wilson,  Joseph,  21 res,  Jan.  16,  1767. 

WniWami    150  acres  (par.  , r),     JWjgTJ  ;-„, 

[-nomas,  H8  acres,  June,  1764,  and    Xbung,  Margaret,  April,  1741. 
( i,  tobi  r,  I  765. 

The  church  referred  to  us  in  the  "forks  of  Plum  Run,"  is  now  the  "Old 
Hill"  Church,  in  Freedom  Township,  which,  to  this  day,  has  its  "five  acres. 
Tlu' Manor  line,  when  finally  run  out,  passed  through  these  five  acres. 

The  trad   given  to  the  "Presbyterian  Congregation  in  Cumberland  Town- 
ship" in    1775,  became,    in   1785,  the  "Upper   Presbyterian  Congregation  oi 
"  as  is  fully  told  in  the  chapter  concerning  that  church. 


CHAPTER  VI. 


Conewago"  Settlement    "Digges'  Choice"— Land  Purchases 
in  1784,  1788    \m>  1742  -RECORDS  01    1752. 

Till;  settlement  made  by  Andrew  Shriver  was  in  the  proprietary  tract,  "Digges" 
se  "  John  Digges,  an  Englishman,  had  received  a  grant  from  Lord 
Baltimore,  whose  conflicting  claim  with  Penn's  claims  under  Ins  grant  was  the 
"disputed  laud-.''  oi  out  his  warrant  in  1721  and  had  it  surveyed  in 

L732       h  was  the  oldest  land  title  and  the  earliest  survey  ill   the  strip  of   dis- 
.„!,,,!  lands  as  surveyed  contained  6,822  acres  and  was  described 

as  lying  on    '  Littli    I  >  aewago."     It    principally   lay  in  what  is  now  Adams 
bul  passed  into  York  County.     In  this  county  it  comprised  the  present 
limits  of  Germany  and  Conowago  Townships.     Littlestown  is  on  the  south- 
western  extremity  of  this  tract. 

\„  stated  in  a  preceding  chapter,  the  earliest  settlement  in  this  county 
ade  by  purchasers  under  Digges.  Soon  there  came  others  who  had  pur- 
chased right  and  thus  the  conflict  between  Penn  and  Baltimore 
SOOn  passed  tot  Hi  re,  and  turmoils  and  lawlessness,  and  at  times  violent 
acts  with  bloodshed,  were  foryeais  continued,  with  many  circumstances  to  make 
the  lives  of  the  settlers  miserable.  Digges  commenced  selling  to  settlers  as 
early  as  1731.  In  public  documents  relating  to  affairs  of  the  earliest  land 
transactions  here  are  found  as  purchasers  in  L734  -the  year  Andrew  Shriver 
came  the  name-  of  Martin  Kitzmiller,  William Logstone,  Martin  I  ngefarand 
Valentin.'  Eyler. 

We  give  these  dates  from  the  records,  not  as  positively  indicating  the  year 
the  purchasers  came;  because  we  can  readily  understand  that  ordinarily  the 
settler  i  the  counti  le  before  purchasing  laud,  and  in  other 

they  purchased  before  they  actually  the  ground. 

.'.  order  ot  and,  in  1  738,  purchasers  Jacob  youngblood  and 

(on  a  |  i  odorus  Creek)    Derrick  Youngblood,    Peter  Rysher,    Peter 

Shultz     John    Martin   Inyfoss,    Martin    Brin,    Abraham   Sellers   and    Henry 
Sellers      In  the  same  year,   Nicholas  and  his  son  Mathias  Ullery,  Mail, .as 


24  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

Marker,  George  Shriver,  Conrad  Ulrio  and  his  son  Mathias,  Peter  Ensminger; 
1742,  William  Oler,  Jacob  Banker,  Herman  TJpdegraffe. 

In  1752  the  records  show  there  were  forty  persons  living  on  tracts  sold 
under  Maryland  rights,  in  York  County,  the  majority  of  whom  were  in  what 
is  now  Adams  County,  as  follows:  Martin  Buyers,  Michael  Behler,  Casper 
Berkhamer,  John  Counts,  Adam  Cook,  George  Coffman.  John  Digges,  Conrad 
Eekron,  Nicholas  Farney,  George  Frush,  Peter  Gerson,  Andrew  Hainer, 
Phillip  Kiuspoor.  Henry*  Cone,  Cornelius  McGean,  Peter  Middlecauf.  John 
Morningstar,  Joseph  Moor.  Henry  Null,  Robert  Owings.  Jacob  Ports,  Jacob 
Pinkhart.  Anthony  Sill.  Andrew ' Shriver,  George  Shriver,  Frederick  Sheets, 
Philip  Lower.  Ludwic  Shriver,  Christian  Stoner,  Peter  Shults,  John  Shreder, 
Mathias  Ullery,  Martin  Ungefar,  Stephen  Tilery.  William  Wapplesplaee, 
Robert  "Whitehead.  Michael  Will,  David  Young. 

The  next  point  of  settlement  made  was  on  the  "Manor  of  Maske."'  as  re- 
lated in  the  chapter  on  that  subject  elsewhere. 


CHAPTER   VII. 


Early  Marriages— Rev.  Alexander  Dobbin— His  Son,  James— Record  of 
Marriages  During  Rev.  Alex.  Dobbin's  Entire  Pastorate,  1774  to  1808. 

EXTENDED  accounts  of  Rev.  Alexander  Dobbin  are  to  be  found  in  other 
chapters.  He  was  a  native  of  Londonderry,  Ireland,  born  February  2  i , 
1742  (O.  S. ).  corresponding  with  March  7,  1743.  and  died  at  his  home  near 
Gettysburg,  June  1,  1809.  He  was  educated  in  Glasgow,  and  ordained  by  the 
Reformed  Presbytery  of  Ireland  and  sent  as  a  missionary  to  this  country,  coming 
direct  to  what  is  now  Adams  County,  and  took  charge  of  the  ■'Rock  Creek'' 
congregation  that  had  "called"  for  him.  He  first  preached  in  the  old  log 
church,  a  mile  north  of  Gettysburg,  near  wSat  became  the  site  of  Blocher's 
iron  and  wood  works.  The  church  stood  on  what  is  Mr.  Hollinger's  farm;  in 
that  day  was  owned  bv  Minor  Reed,  as  Blocher'  s  was  then  owned  by  John  Pat- 
terson. The  exact  date  of  the  building  of  the  "log  church"  cannot  be  now 
known,  but  it  was  prior  to  177B.  The  road  passing  by  this  place  to  Gettysburg 
had  not  then  been  laid  out,  but  there  was  a  connecting  road  between  the  old 
Carlisle  and  the  Mummasburg  road,  which  struck  the  latter  at  a  point  just  west 
of  the  Gate-house,  now  occupied  by  S.  Kitzmiller.  The  old  church  did  good 
service  for  over  thirty  years,  when  it  was  torn  down  and  the  materials  carried 
away,  but  the  foundation  marks  were  visible  for  many  years.  As  related  else- 
where the  congregation  moved  to  town  and  built  a  brick  church,  the  first  of  the 
kind  in  Gettysburg. 

Mi\  Dobbin  was  a  most  exemplary  and  excellent  man.  He  took  an  active 
part  in  the  union  of  the  Associate  and  Reformed  Churches,  which  was  effected  in 
1782.  The  United  Church  was  known  as  the  Associate  Reformed  Church  of 
North  America. 

When  Rev.  John  Murray,  pastor  of  the  ' '  Old  Hill ' '  Church,  near  the  border  of 
Carroll's  tract  left,  Mr.  Dobbin  became  the  pastor  of  that  church  also,  dividing 
his  time  between  the  two  congregations. 

Mr.  Dobbin  was  a  man  of  superior  mind  and  education.  He  was  deeply 
inten  'st ed  in  the  temporal  as  well  as  spiritual  welfare  of  the  people.      He  opened 


HISTORY  OF  A1UMS  COUNTY. 

a  school  in  hi.  own  house  the  Dobbin  property  the  large  old  stone  house 
Btandine  near  the  Eorks  of  the  Taneytown  and  Emmittsburg  road 

TMs^asthefirs  I I  wesl  of  the  Susquehanna.     Among  the  ctid- 

drenof  this  pioneer  alma  mat  rare  well  remembered  Rev.H.  R.  Wilson  and 
.l„hu  Boreland,  formerly  prof essor  of  Diokinson  College;  Rev.  M.  Hays,  an 
th„r  .ntitled  "The  Seasons;"  Rev.  Dr.  McCanaughy,  Ec 

presidents  Washington  College;  and  the  Rev.  Dr.  Proudfit  man3  years  pro- 
Crof  languages  in   Onion  College;  Judge  Reed  of  Carhsle  pro! 

I    ,  School;  Judge  Blythe,  who  bee Secretary  ol  the  Con 

wealth- J    H     Miller,  M.  !>..  professor  in   the  Medical  College  in   Baltimore. 

Mothers  who  bei i  u   e  l1  in  theworld  and  who  had  been    so  hap 

DilT  started  along  life's  pathwaj  b3  their  loved  and  venerated  teacher,  Bev. 
\h:  |  re  natives  of  this  county.  A  large  proportion  of  his  pupils  be- 
came emi i  in  the  varied  walks  of  life  i   atei    number  in  proportion  to 

the  whole  than  have  ever  come  fromanj  other  high  school  perhaps  in  the  btate. 
a  oi    Rev.  Dobbin  lie  buried   in   Lower  Marsh  <  reek  bu 
und  res  and  Beveral  of  his  children  are  buried. 

&    T]  btieflj    furnished  by   Rev.  Jameson,  pastor  of   the 

United  Presbyterian  Church. 

of  Mr.  Dobbin,  James,  was  a  member  oi  the  bar  of  A, lams 
County,  and  is  well  remembered  for  his  i  ties  of  character.     He 

was  born  January  11.  1777;  died  October  6,  1852.  During  the  latter  part  o 
nialj  lesk  room  in  I  E  A.  R.  Stevenson,  Esq.,who,  from  this 

cironrnBtance,  came  into  the  possession  of  Rev.  Mr.  Dobbin;s  record  of  mar- 
riaeee  during  his  entire  pastorate;  a  mosl   valuable  paper,  indeed,  as  ,t  is  a 
overv  of  valuable  information  that  otherwise  could  never  have  be.  a 
d      There  are '216  marriages  recorded  of  the  generation  that  ha 
v      The  large  number  shows,  conclusively,  that  for  this  sacred  office  there 
wasnoone  -  tar,  Ear  and  wide,  as  the  Rev.  Mr.  Dobbin.         _ 

We  ..  thej    were  transcribed  from  his  record,  pre 

spelling  and  the  order  of  the  entry:  giving  the  names,  datesof  the  ceremonies 
and  the  residences  of  the] 

Bal1     Kii,,  :     Ws  Patterson,    March  24,    1774,   Dmmmore   ... 

John  Wad  Brownlie,   Lpril   19,    1771.   Anti-item  (this  is  Antie 

ta.n   evidently).... Ja  U      ha  Crunely,  A-pril  20   1774  < 

eaeig         Ephri  e  and  Jennet  McCullough,    Lpril  25,  L774,  Caniga- 

Ifc  John  McBride  and  Eliz.  Gillmore,  May  12,  1771.  Cumberland  own. 
ahip'       Samuel   Wilson  and   Eliz.  Morrow.  June  2,  1774.  Hamilton  a  Bann. 

'.,,,,  and  Isabel   Mitchel,  August   30,  177!.  Rocky  Spnn 

Ebenezer  Mil  she!  and  Jene  Richey,  December  12,  1774.  Canniwago..  ..Ja 
and  Mary  Ridic,  December  14.  1774,  Cumberland. 

,nl  Sarah  McNaughton,  March  I.  L775,  Canniwago. 

.,  ,1  Agnes  McMurry,  March  16,  177:..  Cumberland     .  . 

Joseph  Clark  and  Margaret  Finly,  April  13,  1775,  Cumberland.  ...John   I'm 

nunandMarv  Robertson,  August  8,  1775,  Cumberland..  .    Robert  Walker  and 

1775,    Westmoreland...    Alexander    Ewn 
jene  biderson,  November  28,  L775,  Hamilton ....  William  Fulton  and 
K,,.  December  II.  L775,  Mountpleasant . . . .  Hugh  Bond  and   A.nn 
Dece    '    •  26,  L775,  Hamilton.  __ 

.,,,,,  ,  .  ton,  January  2,  U/6,  Antrim..... 

:    Elizabeth  Wilson,  Februarj   14,  L776,  Antrim ....  Samuel  Seal   and 
eth  Wilson,  February  14.  1776,  Cove..     Joshua  Morhn  and  Ag 

25,    L876,   Canigagig..     John   Mitchell  and  .lone  Wilson, 


20  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

March  27.  1770,  Marsh  Creek ....  William  Robison  and  Margery  Mc  Nought, 
March  28,  1770.  Canniwago  ....  John  Cochran  and  Sarah  Mitchel.  April  9,  1  /76, 
Rocky  Spring.  .  .  .James  Clark  and  Jene  Cochren.  April   10,  1770.  Anti-item. 

Alexander  McCibben  and  Sarah  Peden,  April  10,1770,  Philadelphia 

James  Dinsmore' and  Rebecca  Walker,  September  4,  1776,  Tom's  Creek.  ..  . 
John  Johnson  and  Elizabeth  Cithcart.  September  17,  1770,  Cumberland  Town- 
ship  William  Marshal  and  Sarah  Marshal,   October   21,    1770,   Toghland 

Township ....  John  Renken  and  Mary  Muaray,  November  15,  1770,  Hamil- 
ton' s  Bann. 

Robt.    Jamison  and  Jene  Wilson.   February   25,    1777,   Cove Samuel 

Moore  and  Annie  MeFerrau.  March  31,  1777,  Cumberland Hugh  Bockley 

and  Sarah  McCullough,  June  19,  1777,  Cannigagig James  MeFerran  and 

Susanna  MeFerran,   September  10,   1777,   Cumberland John   Ewing  and 

Elizabeth  Cray,  November  25,  1777,  Berwick. 

David  Dunwoody  and  Susannah  Patterson,  January  27,  1778,  Mt.  Pleasant. 

Thomas  Porter' and  Mary  Gibson.  April  14.  177S,  Cumberland  Township. 

William  McClelland  and Anderson,  June  10,  1778,  Cumberland  Town- 
ship  James   Blakely  and  Agnis  McDowell.    June  30.    1778,    Cumberland 

Township ....  James  Stewart  and  Mary  Walker.  September  14.  17i_S_.  Hamil- 
ton's Bann.  .  .  .William  Moore  and  Jene  MeFerran,  September  30,  1  778,  Cum- 
berland ...  .Mathew  Richey  and  Rachel  Wallace,   October  13,  1778,  Antrim. 

Alexander  McFerson  and  Mary  Brounlee,  November  10.  1 1  78,  Maryland. 

Alexander  Stewart  and  Mary'Shannon.  December  1,  177S,  Cumberland. 

Hugh  Murphy  and  Jennet  Thompson,   December  3,_1<7S,  Cumberland. 

WiiBiam  Galbraith  and  Sarah  Ker,  December  29,   1  i  78,  Mountpleasant. 

John  Forest  and  Agnis  Hurt.  January  27,  1779,   Antrim Christopher 

McMichel  and  Martha  Findly,  March  1,  1779,  Antrim William  Stewart  and 

Elizabeth  Leeper,   March  7,    1779,   Hamilton Joseph  Junkin  and  Elinor 

Cochren,  May  24,  1779,  Antrim Isaac  Walker  and  Mary  Stewart,  Septem- 
ber 14,  1779,  Marsh  Creek John  Murphy  and  Ann  Guthory,  November  4, 

1779,  Hamilton' s  Bann Archibald  Findly  and  Mary  Poe,  November  9, 1779, 

Cumberland John  Renfrew  and  Sarah  Ray,  November  9,  17/9,  Cumber- 
land ....  David  Erwine  and  Susanna  Wilson,  December  7,  1779,  Cove. 

Moses  Blackburn  and  Margaret  McKnight,  January  6,  1780,  Canniwago. 

John  McCaul  and  Jane  Stewart,  February  15,  1780,  Cumberland.  .  .  .  Jo- 

siah  Ker  and  Sarah  Reynolds,   February  17,   1780,   Cumberland Samuel 

Findly  and  Mary  Graham,  February  22,  1780,  Cumberland William  Rey- 
nolds and  Sarah  Wilson,  March  28,  1780,   Cumberland James  Nicol  and 

Isabel  Richey,  March  30,  1780,  Canniwago William  Thompson  and  Jene 

Mitchel,  April  3,  1780,  Letter  Kenny ....  James  Kilpatrick  and  Jene  Findly, 

April  25,  1780,  Cumberland Robt.   Love  and  Jean  Gibson,  May  22,  1780, 

Hamilton' s  Bann ....  Alex.   McCutchen  and  Sarah  Crunleton,  June  27.  1780, 

Antrim Charles  Hart  and  Jennet  Dale,   July  6,    1780,   Peters James 

Burns  and  Jene  Gebby,  November  7,  1780,  Maryland. 

Robert  Campbell  'and  Martha  Paxton,  April  16,  1781,  Letter  Kenny 

Thomas  Patterson  and  Elizabeth  Brown,   May  1,   1781,   Midleton James 

Dickson  and  Margaret  Robinson,  May  14. 1781,  Cumberland William  Finny 

and  Anne  Morton,   November  2,    1781,   Westmoreland James  McClelland 

and  Agnis  Sinclair,  November  13,  1781.  Cove. 

James  Kirkland  and  Anne  Colter,  March  28,  1782.  Cumberland Rob- 
ert Crunkleton   and  Anne  Morhead,   June  25,    1782,   Washington David 

Danton  and  Jene  McEwen,  August  20,1782,  Menellan Samuel   Cross  and 

Sarah  Dunwoody,  August  20,  1782,  Cumberland. 


BISTORT  Of   LDAMS  COUNTY.  27 

William  Hall  and  Miriam  Brandon,  May  6,  1783,  Huntington.  John 
Monteith  and  Jennet  Leat,  June  24,  1 783,  Cumber  and  .  Thos.^ Oveond Land 
Kaxgaret  Po,  July  15,  L783,  Cumberland. .  ..Benjamin  Fowler  and  Deborah 
Fowler  Juh  28,  1783,  Cumberland..  .  .Thomas  McCleland  and  Agnis  Fergus, 
Lngustl9,  I7s::.  Cumberland....  John  Bell  and  Isabel  Russel,  September  9, 
1781  Rastrover....  David  Dunwoddy  and  Elizabeth  Ker  November  2  783, 
Hamilton's  Bann....  Thomas  Dunlap  and  Martha  Ramsey,  November  25,  1783, 
CuSerland. .  .  .Hugh  Lind  and  Margrel  Kane  December  ^1783  Cumber- 
land  Arthur  Chamberlain  and  Margrei  Hodge,  December  23  1783,  Read- 
ing....James  Moor,  and  Margaret  Young.  November,  11.  L783,  Hamilton  s 

'^Joseph  Thompson  and  .Ian,  Hunter,  November  23,  1784,  Cumberland. 

James  Douglas  and  Elinor  Orr,  January  20,  1785,  Mountjoy  .  John 
Fergus  and  Elizabeth  Douglass,  February  I.  L785.  Cumberland  ..  .Alexander 
Patterson  and  Jenney  Porter,  MarchlO,  L785,  Mount  oy .  .  . .  Robert  Caylorand 
Nancy  Kerr,  May  3,  ITsr,.  Hamilton's  Bann . . . .  William  Nan,,  and  Sarah 
Moor,.   September  20,  L785,  Menallen. 

Hugh  Burns  and  Elinor  Ramsy,  Januarj  22,  L786,  Cumberland ...  .Sam- 
,„1  Maxwell  and  Jennet  Ramsy,  March  7,  1 786,  Cumberland^  .  1  nomas  Doug- 
las and March  28,  1786,  Pipe  Creek. ..  .John  Krari  and  Elizabeth 

McCann  April  11.  1786,  Menallen ....  William  Donaldson  and  Isabel  Gibson, 
Joly  I.  1786,  Cumberland....  Thomas  Cochren  and  Margaret  Knox,  October 
17.17S".  Hamilton'-  Bann.  ,   _nn   „       ,   , 

Samuel  Fergus  and  Mary  Paxton,  February  13,  1787,  Mountpleasant.... 

young  and  Rachel  D.  Fus,  March26,  1787,  Mountpleasant. ..  .Robert 

Kvand  Nancy  McCleland,  August  7.  1787,  Hamilton  s  Bann....Wdl- 

iam  Bogle  and  Rebecca  Peden,  December  L5,  L787,  Hamilton  s  Bann. . .  .bam- 

u,l  Smith  and  Jane  Caldwell,  October  16,  1787,  Gettistown. 

James  Blakely  and  —  Branwood,  August  28,  1788,  Franklin . . . .  John 
Swook  and  Anney  Vanausdale,  October  22,  1788,  Mountjoy 

Ubert  Demoro  and  Mary  Vantind,  February  24,  1  784,  Mountpleasant, 

.John  Stewart  and  Jane  Stewart.March  5,    1789,  Cumberland. ..  .George 

Kirker  and  .Ian,  Gilmore,  June  23,  1789,  Hamilton's  Bann. .  . .  \\  illiam  Speer 

and  ('atari,.,  Blakely,  July  9,  1789,  Menallen ....  Thomas  Patterson  and Agnis 

Blakely,  July  9,   L789,  Menallen  . .  .  .Samuel  Knox  and  Rebecca  Hodge.  August 

13,  L789,  Reading.  „   ,„.    TT      ...     ,    „ 

William  McCreery  and  Agnis  Speer,   January   5,  1790,  Hamilton  s  Bann. 

Hu.'h  Fergus  and  Sarah   Gibson,  January  4,  1790,  Mountjoy ....  Joseph 

Walk,,- "and    Elizabeth  Stewart,   January    14,    L790,  Cumberland ....  James 

Whifa  Peden,  Ma3  .   1  790,  Hamilton's  Bann John  Young  and 

Marearet  Clugaton,  December  7,  1790,  Hamilton's  Bann. 

and  Marj  roung,  March  17.  1791,  Mount  Pleasant ...  .John 
Reynolds  and  Hanna  McWiUiams,  March  29,  1791,  Mount  Pleasant.  ...David 
Breden  and  Jane  Coulter,  May  5,    1791,    Mountjoy ....  William  Butler  and 

M .,,,    Bi -  December20,  1791,  Hamilton's  Bann. ..  .John  Watson  and  Jenny 

I,,  ,  December  22,  1791,  Mountpleasant ...  .Thomas  Jorden  and  Mary 
Barnwood,  December  '-17.  1791,  Franklin. 

John  Flem and   \i,n:.   agnew,  January  23,  1792,  Hamdton a  Bum.... 

Hm'h  Dunwooddv  and  Martha  Findly,  April  12,  L792,  Hamilton  s  Bann.... 
John  Ewing  and"  Jan,  Bogle,  May  1  I.  1792,  Strabane ....  Samuel  Cross  and 
Littice  Brandon,  July   L2,  1792,  Huntington ....  William  Baldndge  and  Re- 

l, sa  Agnew,  July  17,  1792,  Pipe  Creek. .. -Hugh  Dunwoody  and  Margaret 

Morrow.  November  22,  1792,  Hamilton's  Bann. 


28  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

John  Speer  and  Sally  McCallan,  March  1,  1794,  Cumberland.  .  .  .Richard 
McLaglen  and  Elizabeth  Hatch,  July  15,  1794,  Emmittsborough. 

Alex  Young   and   Jennet   McCreary,  January   20,  179."). .... 

Ales  Horner  and  Jenny  McCalen,  February  12,  1795,  Cumberland ....  James 
Crooks  and  Anne  Ambros,  June  31,  1795,  Cumberland. 

David  Brines  and  Elizabeth  Stewart,  March  29,  L796,  Gettistown . .  .  .Will- 
iam Stewart  and  Jennet  White,  April  19,  1796,  Tyrone Henry  Ferguson  and 

Susanna  Coulter,  May  19,  1796,  Strabane. 

Samuel  Hays  and  Polly  Yanst,  June  29,  1797,  Strabane. ..  .William  Pat- 
terson and  Elenor  Porter.  September  19.  1797,  Hamilton's  Bann ....  James 
Patterson  and  Betsey  Withrow,  October  26,  1797,  Hamilton's  Barm. 

George  Ker  and  Nelly  Wilson,  March  11,  1798,  Gettistown ....  Robert 
Taylor  and  Ruth  Hunter,  March  29,  1798,  Cumberland ....  James  Crooks  and 
Sarah  Dunwoody,  April  5,  1798,  Cumberland.  .  .  .David  Hart  and  Sally  Paxton, 
April  12,  1798,  Hamilton's  Bann.  .  .  .Daniel  Murphy  and  Margaret  Livingston 
April  28,  1798,  Cumberland ....  John  Hetzer  and  Elizabeth  Geyer,  June  26, 
1798,  Gettistown ....  Charles  Golden  and  Assina  Filson,  December  18,  179s, 
Cumberland. 

Samuel  McKnight  and  Ehster  Logan.  May  9,  1799.  Strabane ....  Joseph 
Walker  and  Mary  Ann  McMaster,  July  2,  17911.  Strabane ....  James  Stewart 
and  Elizabeth  McCarter,  July  18,  1799,  Cumberland ....  Samuel  Cooper  and 
Jene  Campbel,  November  5.  1799,  Baltimore.  .  .  .Mathew  Longwool  and  Eliz- 
abeth Thomson,  November  14,  1799.  Hamilton's  Bann ....  Alexander  Cald- 
well and  Dolly  Agnew,  December  3,  1799,  Hamilton's  Bann.  .  .  .Robert  Morri- 
son and  Jenne  Findly,  December  12,  1799.  Hamilton's  Bann. 

Mathew  Steen  and  Margret  Campbell,  February  II,  18(10,  Hamilton's  Bann. 
.  . .  .John  Crooks  and  Elizabeth  Jenkins,  February  18.  1800.  Franklin.  .  .  .Will- 
iam McFarland  and  Margery  Beatty,  March  25,  1800,  Mountpleasant John 

Magoffin  and  Kitty  Casset.  March  25,  1800,  Mountpleasant.  .  .  .Thomas  Breden 
and  Jane  Neely,  April  30,  1800,  Conowago. .  .  .John  McCay  and  Polly  Ackrey, 
June  12,  1800.  Hamilton's  Bann.  .  .  .Thomas  Carson  and  Mary  Wilson,  Octo- 
ber 16,  1S0O,  Hamilton's  Bann ....  Alexander  McGaughy  and  Rebecca  Tor- 
rence,  October  21,  1800,  Mountpleasant ..?.  James  Young  and  Jenney  Orr, 
December  25,  1800,  Hamilton's  Bann. 

John  Kelly  and  Lydia  Teat.  March  31.  1801,  Strabane ....  Hugh  Garvin 
and  Sally  Stewart,  April  6,  ISO],  Hamilton's  Bann ...  .Samuel  Holdsworth 
and  Ruth  Caldwell,  September  15.  1801,  Mountpleasant. 

John  Keys  and  Kitty  Slasher.  March  23.  1802.  Cumberland ....  Robert 
Hays  and  Rebecca  Agnew,  June  21,  1802,  Cumberland. 

Samuel  Cobean  and  Betsey  Cuningham,  June  9,  1803. 

Eli  Bradford  and  Mary  McEn  Nay.  February  7,  1804,  Liberty James 

Wilson  and  Mary  Wilson,  February  6,  1801,  Cumberland ....  Samuel  Carter 
and  Nancy  Cowan,  April  24,  1804,  Franklin.  .  .  .John  Quigly  and  Agnes  Paton, 
September  fi.  1804,  Mountpleasant ....  William  Johnson  and  Mary  King,  No- 
vember  12,  1804,    Chansford .  .  . .  John  Adair  and  Libi  Ewing.   December  6, 

1804,  Cumberland. 

William  Withrow  and  Sarah  Cooper,  March  7,  1805,  Maryland ....  David 
Cuningham  and  Polly  Stuart,  March  14,  1805,  Cumberland  ....  James 
Stewart  and  Susanna  Peden,  March  27,  1805,  Liberty.  .  .  .John  Deyernord  and 
Jenny  Gwin,  April  4,  1805,  Cumberland ....  Jacob  Smith  and  Hanna  Kip, 
May  23,  1805,  Cumberland.  .  .  .William  Cochren  and  Bekey  Morrow.  May  28, 

1805,  Liberty William  Wilson  and  Betty  Dunwooddy,  August  20, 1805, Cum- 
berland. .  .  .Samuel  Reid  and  Mary  Agnew,  September  80.  1805,  Cumberland. 


Q^^  Pf.  &**&A^  . 


HISTOM  OF   M'AMs  COUNTY. 


31 


Hulio  ^  SaUy  Commongore,  January  21    1806   Mountpleasant     .. 
.,„„„   McCammon   and    Polly    Prondi  '       ':   2p ,1806,  Bopewdl. 

McSereghan  and   Rebecca  MoClereghan,  March  2o     806,     .nun,,. 

•,■„■  ,a  sa,-ah    Peden,  March    L0,  L807,  Stoabane     . .  John  Mc- 

Vli.,.',-  Vpril  7.  1807,  Cumberland.... Hngb    Bingham  and 

Esther  Baily,  October  13,  1807,  Cumberland. 

jS^oSter  and  Sally  Heagy,  February    23,  1808  Mountjoy . .  .Ale*    Ho 

K.m.I..,    an,l  Sarah  Slente,  March  29,  L80§,  Mountpleasant        H , 

bod   and    Rebecca    White,    April    12,  1808,    Beading. . •  • ***  O?"* 
Martha  Caldwell,  April  28,  1808,  Mountpleasani . . .  .  W  dham  Hizht  and  Eliza 
beth  Steele,  September  29,  1808,  Cumberland ....  John  Agnew  and  Jane  Wil- 
son  October  27,  1808,  Cumberland  , 

ftfh  a  wide  range  Eor  tracing  family  ties  and   the  social  and  marriage 

relations  of  a  greal    manj   of  th irly  settlers.       I   we.onlj  ha,   a  s, 

complete  record  from  the  other  early  ministers,  wha  an  invaluable  recoidi 
would  be!  The  descendants  of  those  aamed  above  form  a  large  pari  oi  th. 
population  of  AdamsCounty,  as  wellashaving  representative  m  manj 
,  0f  the  Union,  especially  the  States  wesl  oi  this.  Chey  were  the 
,!,;,,!,,.„  of  pioneers,  and  man,  of  them  took  up  the  western  marcV wha 
father,  .,„!  aided  greatly  in  bearingour  empire  to  the  1  acific  shores. 


CHAPTER  VIII. 


Si  1'ami    -i;,-ti:k  of  Offi.  eks,  Adams  (Yore)  Coi  nty. 
TNa  ingiving  ml  of  the  Indians,  there  is  told 

J_  the  ston  •  on  of  what  is  now  Adams  County  (then  a  pari  o 

YorW    in  the  French  and  I  L755.     This  was  the  hrst  taste  of  real 

organized  war  of  th  a  , pie;  it  was  a  fitting  training  schoo]  of  the 

people,  gathei  -'•<  and  somewhai   discordanl  elenu 

ifty  and  religious  secte  and  Local  prejudices,  and  molding  and   cement 

,  whole  into    i  aenl      educating  the  , pie    torih.xh.tant 

ing  Revolution,  and  to  recasl  the  historj  of  all  mankind. 

close  of  the  late  civil  war.      Che  long- 

I  .:.tir-i  war  of  no  intervening  struggles.     <  omm 

with  that  of  1755,  there  has  1 a  a  succeeding  war  on  an  average  of  ev 

teen  vears  The  French-Indian  troubles,  the  Revolution,  the  war  oi  1M-  L&, 
the  Blackhawk  war;  Mexican  war  and  the  late  civil  war.  and  at  various  times 
the  Seminole  and  other  Indian  outbreaks  of  only  minor  importance. 

T,1(._  .      |  o     kirmishes  were  aU  waged  in  behalf  of  the 

final  ,,.  "i"11  "f  toe  countrj     the  unity  ol    our 

government     In  short,  I  Eoughi  oui  in  behalf  of  the  first  great  prin- 

ciple of   self-protection,  and  the  perpetuation  of  a  government  by  the  people 

^Thevhave  ahead]  tended  to  develop  and  more  closelj    knii   together  the 
es  of  men  who  originally  came  here  to  harden  the 
-and  quiol,  originally  active,  resolute,  brave 

and  jealous  of  the  slightest  invasion  of  their  rights  or  liberties. 


32  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

True,  the  histories  of  the  world' s  bloody  and  cruel  wars  with  their  attendant 
sufferings,  agony  and  woe  is  a  hideous  mental  feast  to  set  before  the  young 
minds  of  this  enlightened  age,  and.  save  for  the  moral  that  they  furnish — the 
kc\  they  give  the  mind  strong  enough  to  study  out  the  obscure  and  otherwise 
undiscoverable  secrets  of  the  active  influences  in  shaping  and  building  the  slow 
growths  of  our  civilization — their  glowing  history  had  better  never  have  been 
written. 

Our  two  great  wars  were  the  Eevolution  and  the  late  civil  war.  Each,  it 
now  seems,  forever  settled  great  principles  of  the  profoundest  interest  to 
humanity — indeed,  not  only  for  all  mankind,  but  for  all  coming  time,  at  least, 
as  we  are  now  encouraged  to  hope. 

The  history  of  Adams  County  in  these  two  great  wars  is  but  an  inseparable 
portion  of  the  history  of  our  country  during  these  eventful  periods,  and  to 
give  the  county  history  in  detail  in  either — the  facts  and  results  in  the  country' s 
cam] is.  hospitals,  marches,  sieges  and  battle-fields,  would  be  nothing  less,  nor 
can  it  be  detached  from  the  voluminous  general  history  of  our  common  country. 
The  heroic  efforts,  the  failures,  the  defeats,  the  triumphs  and  the  tremendous 
results  of  the  great  armies  in  wars  of  a  nation,  cannot  1»-  written  in  detached 
piece-meal.  You  had  as  well  try  to  doctor  small-pox  by  commencing  to  dig 
about  and  cure  the  innumerable  separate  pits.  Hence,  here  we  shall  attempt 
nothing  more  than  the  briefest  skeleton  outline  of  what  occurred  locally  within 
the  limits  of  Adams  County. 

When  the  Revolution  was  fought  out  Adams  was  a  part  of  York  County. 
This  was  then  the  remote  backwoods  point  where  even  the  important  news  of 
the  day  coiild  but  slowly  reach.  But  in  the  very  first  movements  in  1772,  when 
the  people  of  the  country  were  stirred  with  sympathy  for  the  suffering  Bos- 
tonian,  the  spirit  of  the  freemen  was  manifested  here  as  soon  as  in  any 
other  portion  of  the  country,  and  soon  spread  abroad  the  names  and  fames  of 
men  who  moved  the  people  to  war  for  "liberty  or  death" — names  in  the  country 
that  are  honorably  borne  by  the  worthy  descendants  of  these  truly  illustrious 
sires.  We  seriously  question  if  there  is  a  spot  in  any  portion  of  our  Union 
where  there  is  an  equal  number  of  names  of  historic  interest  that  is  to  be  found 
among  the  people  of  Adams  County  to-day',  that  is,  in  proportion  to  the 
population. 

The  people  here,  as  early  as  1765,  began  to  show  unmistakable  signs  of 
distrust  of  the  acts  of  the  British  Government.  In  fact,  as  early  as  1760,  dis- 
content was  openly  spoken  at  public  gatherings.  April  13,  1775,  the  people 
of  the  county  met  and  by  resolutions  in  behalf  of  the  troubles  of  the  people  of 
Boston  felt  ''feelingly  for  them."  A  committee  was  appointed  to  receive  dona- 
tions for  Bostonians,  and  Heidelberg  Township  sent  £36  17s.  5d. ;  Germany 
Township,  £16  2s. ;  Manheim,  by  the  hands  of  Adam  Eichelberger,  £5  15s. 
6d. ,  and  by  the  hands  of  Michael  Karl  £5  9s.  9d. ;  by  the  hands  of  David 
Newman  £3  16s.  3d.  The  entire  county  sent  £246  8s.  10d.,  and  the  committee 
sent  an  open  letter  of  sympathy  to  the  people  of  Boston.  This  letter  was 
signed  by  James  Smith,  president;  George  Eichelberger.  Michael  Doudle,  David 
Grier.  Michael  Swope,  Peter  Heel,  Thomas  Hartley,  George  Furvin,  James 
Donaldson,  Michael  Smyser,  Balzer  Spangler,  John  Hay.  June  21,  1774,  a 
meeting  was  held  of  which  Michael  Swope  was  president.  An  election  was  held 
in  the  county  July  4.  1774.  to  obtain  the  sense  of  the  people  on  the  state  of 
affairs.  December  16,  of  this  year,  an  election  for  assemblymen  was  held, 
and  a  county  committee  was  also  elected.  Of  the  committee  elected  were  Henry 
Slagle,  George  Eichelberger,  John  Hay,  Archibald  McClean,  David  Greer, 
Baltzer  Spangler,  Nicholas  Bittinger,  William  McClellan,   Joseph  Donaldson, 


HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 
i  i.,v,  I    K,.,,edv   Thomas   Fisher,   John    Kean,  John    Houston, 

K&Ej p'~**2g»£SS'%£S 

H-,1,,7    Danie     Mefferly,     Michael    Davis,    Jacob     Dahtel,   Fredrick    Kiscnei, 

;     ,i.    ,„     all    familiar  names  in    Warns   County.     Then  ^ere  were 

s,   ,    Michael   Dantel,  Michael    Bard,  Casper   Remaker  Henrj  Leib 

L.M-^ell    GeorgeOge,   John  O'Blenes  and  Andrew  Finlej  on  this 

I:;:;!;!;;!::  S  «,,-,  Q§ «» of  %  m  h  -s^m  organic  lo,-^,,- 

WUI;;1K  rlTT-:,';"1^  , P:,v„f  soldiers -ched  Erom  Pennsylvania  to 

Boston      November   3,    L775,    a  countj    committee   of    correspondence  was 

„„.,,'     F„v;,!l  o    York  County  there  were  elected   twenty-si, mittee 

Mthe  bead  of  this  commit! bands  the  name  of  Michael ^wope;  ^en 

hi-  is  James  Smith,  Thomas  Hartley,  John  Hay,  David  Oner  George  Bich- 

2b££  SSeTspangler,  John  Huston,  Thomas  Armor,  Christopher  Slagle, 

SJJ'oS    ZachaViahShugart,  John  Herbach,  John  Spangler  Francis  Cre- 

l,U.   Brinkerhoff,    Jota  Semple,   Roberi   McPherson    Samue    hdie, 

SBjSU    John    Agnew,    dUi    K ;dy     George    Kerr     Abraham 

p.,,..,     rohnMickle   Jr     Samuel  McCanaughy,  Richard  McAllister,  Christian 

!;■;.;::,:• .!:.';;  ££  Join  £3*0,  m»£  W  '^™-k  M°sherr* Jamea 

1 per,  Baltzer  Keurtzer  and  others.  .  ..  , 

Thl.  committee  gave  notice  thai   parties  JF*^.^^"8^ 

butchers,  or  attempting  to  drive  through  th untj  si p  undei  foui   years 

old,  would  be  arrested  and  treated  as  public  enemies.  _  n?r 

//,   rndq /■»'  /./„/.'  /«/'"»'<'//  Ctomp«i»  was  formed  m  Decemb ^  "75 

Officers:  James  Smith,   colonel;  Thomas  Hartley,   lieutenant-colonel ^Joseph 

Donaldson,   Michael  Swope,   majors;  George  Irwin,  captain;  JohnHay,  trrst 
„au,    William  Bailey.second  lieutenant;  Christopher  Lawman   ensign 

Paul   Metzgar,   Henry  Walt,,-.    Jacob  Gardner  and  John  Shultz,   sergeants, 

William  Scott,  clerk     There  were  100  privates.  mm  mmmnies 

dting  throughout  the  county  now  went ,on  rapidly.     Fne  ^mj ,ames 

had  been  formed  by  the  early  spring  of  1 776.     Another  was  organized   n  May. 

The  first  and  second  companies  had  dissolved  and  joined  other  companies. 
I„  L776York  and  Cumberland  Counties  were  required  to  each  raxse  tour 

companies.     The  men  made  a  regiment,  of  which  William  ^e  ™    ^ 

colonel.    Moses  Mc<  !lean  was  captain  of  one  of  the  companies  of  Yoik  Count  . 

and  Archibald  McAllister  was  captain  of  the  Third  Company      In .Ma  .  1       . 

Capt  William  McPhers ad  Lieut.  Jacob  Stake  marched  with  a  rifle  company 

"'  SSld  Flying  Can,,,  was  organized  in  July,  1776,  and Lmarched to 
New  Jersey.     To  this  command  York  County  furnished  two  battalions,  fne 

battalions  had  I n  sent,  two  were  accepted  into  the  Flying  Cam,,  and  the 

„ther.  returned  home.  It  is  said  the  reason  why  so  manj -more  were  called  for 
than  were  accepted,  was  that  the  authorities  wanted  to  test  the  spirit  ot  tne 

""ti!;.  history  of  the  Flying  Camp  briefly  is  as  follows:  June  3,  1770.  Con- 
,hat    a   Phing   Cam,,   be   established  in   the  middle  Colonies    to 

.    10,01 ten,  Pennsylvania  to  furnish  6,000  men  and  MaryJ^and 

Delaware  the  remainder.  They  were  to  enlist  tor  sis  months.  Yoik  County 
waa  required  to  furnish  as  its  quota  400  men.  The  State  convention  reived 
to  add  four  additional  battaUons  to  the  Flying  Camp,  York  to  thus  tormsh  515 
men.  The  quotas  were  promptly  filled  and  consisted  of  three  brigades, 
James   Erring  was  brigadier-general  of  the  first   brigade  consisting  of  three 

battalions,  the  first  of  which  was  , manded  by  Col.  Michael  Swope.     There 

were  eight  companies  in  the  last  named  battalion. 


34  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

First  Company. ---Michael  Smyser(Schnieiser),  captain;  Zachariah  Shugart, 
first  lieutenant;  Andrew  Robinson,  second  lieutenant;  William  Wayne,  ensign. 

Second  Company. — Gerhart  Grseff,  captain;  Kauffman,  lieutenant. 

Third  Company. — Jacob  Dritt,  captain;  Baymiller,  first  lieutenant;  Clay- 
ton, second  lieutenant;  Jacob  Meyer,  ensign. 

Fourth  Company. — Christian  Stake,  captain;  Cornelius  Sheriff,  first  lieu- 
tenant;  Jacob  Holzing'er,  second  lieutenant;  Jacob  Barnitz,  ensign. 

Fifth  Company. — John  McDonald,  captain;  William  Scott,  first  lieutenant; 
Robert  Patton,  second  lieutenant;  Howe,  ensign. 

Sixth  Company. — John  Ewing,  captain;  John  Paysley,  ensign. 

Seventh  Company.  William  Nelson,  captain;  Todd,  first  lieutenant; 
Joseph  Welsh,  second  lieutenant;  Nesbit,  ensign. 

Eighth  Company.      Williams,  captain. 

Nicholas  Bittinger  was  captain  in  the  second  battalion. 

Col.  Swope's  battalion  suffered  as  severely  as  any  during  the  war. 

Capt.  Gerhart  Grpeff's  company  was  captured  at  the  battle  of  Long  Island; 
only  eighteen  men  ever  returned  to  the  regiment. 

At  Fort  Washington,  near  New  York,  the  soldiers  froin  this  section  suf- 
fered severely.  Nearly  the  entire  command  of  Col.  Swope  was  either  killed 
or  taken  prisoners.  In  the  list  of  prisoners  were  Col.  Swope,  Maj.  William 
Bailey,  Surg.  Fullerton,  Capt.  Michael  Smyser  (spelled  then  Schmeiser).Capt. 
David  Dritt,  Capt.  Christian  Stake,  Capt.  John  McDonald,  Lieut.  Zachariah 
Shugart,  Lieut.  John  Hotzinger,  Lieut.  Andrew  Robinson,  Lieut.  Robert 
Patten,  Lieut.  Joseph  Welsh,  Ensign  Jacob  Barnitz,  Ensign-Adjt.  Howe  and 
Ensign  Jacob  Meyer.  Of  Capt.  Stake's  company,  in  addition  to  the  officers 
named,  we  have  the  names  of  Serj.  Peter  Haak,  Serj.  John  Dicks,  Serj.  Henry 
Counselman,  Corp.  John  Adlum,  David  Parker,  James  Dobbins,  Hugh  Dob- 
bins, Henry  Miller  (afterward  removed  to  Virginia),  John  Strohman.  Christian 
Strohrnan,  James  Berry,  Joseph  Bay,  Henry  Hof,  Joseph  Updegraffe,  Daniel 
Miller,  Henry  Shultz  and  a  mulatto,  Bill  Lukins.  Capt.  McCarter  was  shot 
through  the  breast,  and  died  the  fifth  day  after.  Jacob  Barnitz  was  wounded 
in  both  legs,  and  lay  a  prisoner  for  fifteen  months.  Years  afterward  one  of 
his  legs  had  to  be  amputated. 

Congress  fled  from  Philadelphia  and  met  at  Lancaster,  September  27, 
1777,  the  day  Philadelphia  was  taken  by  the  enemy,  but  Lancaster  was  deemed 
unsafe,  and,  September  30,  Congress  assembled  at  York,  where  it  continued 
nine  months. 

The  commander-in-chief's  guard,  organized  by  Gen.  Washington  in  1776, 
consisted  of  INI)  men,  and  among  these  were  John  Dother,  of  Marsh  Creek,  and 
William  Karnahan,  of  York.  William  McPherson  was  second  lieutenant  of 
Capt.  Albright's  company.  McPherson  was  captured,'  August  27,  1770,  at 
Long  Island,  and  exchanged  April  20,  177S.  He  died  at  Gettysburg,  August 
2,  1832,  and  was  buried  in  Evergreen  Cemetery. 

In  the  memoirs  of  Gen.  Wilkinson  is  graphically  described  the  gallantry 
of  Col.  Hand  and  Maj  Miller  in  checking  the  pursuit  of  the  enemy  in  our 
army's  memorable  retreat  across  New  Jersey. 

Capt.  John  McClelland  was  promoted  from  lieutenant  in  the  First  Pennsyl- 
vania October  1,  1779.  His  company  left  York,  under  Gen.  Wayne,  in  1 781, 
for  the  Southern  service.  He  retired  from  service  January  1,  1783,  and,  resided 
on  Marsh  Creek  in  1 79 1 . 

August  18,  1781,  Brig. -Gen.  Irvine  represented  to  the  Council  that  "a 
number  of  spirited  inhabitants,  west,  of  the  Susquehanna,  signified  their  inten- 
tion of  equipping  themselves  to  act  as  light  horse  and  volunteers."     A  com- 


HISTORY  OP  A.DAM8  nilSTV. 


35 


pany  was  raised,    half  at  Hanover  and  the  rest  at    Marsh  Creek.     The  offii 
were  William  McPherson,  captain;   Robert  Morrison,  Lieutenant;  James  Gel 

root 
'    Capt    Joseph  McClellan's  journal  of  date  May  26,  L781,  says:    "Marched 
from  York  at  9  A.  M,  ander  command  of  Gen.  Wayne,  and  encamped  eleven 
miles  on  the  road  to   Fredricktown  (with   800  effective  men). 

••  \la\  27,  the  general  beat  at   daylighl  and  the  troops  tool  ap  the  line  of 
march"  atsunrise,  andhaltednear  Peter  Little's  Town.it  being  foui 

from  there  they  continued  then.- march  through  Taneytown,  to  bhe  Mo 

■  ■  passed  through  Fredricktown  about  eight,  where  was  a  aumber  of  British 
officers,  prisoners,  who  tool  a  vie*  of  as  as  we  passed  through  the  town. 

rivania  regiments,  in  January,  L781,  were  reduced  to  six,  and  re 

enlisted  _,     ,    _      .    , 

Robert  McMordie  (spelled  in  the  lisl  McMurdie),  oi    Marsh  Creek,  became 
brigade-chaplain  July,  1779.     He  is  fully  mentioned  elsewhere  in  the  church 

history.  . 

John  Knox  was  from  this  county,  in    the   Sixth    Pennsylvania,  also 

Berwick,   and  Felix  McTJhenny,    James  Hamilton, 

-  rune 8,  1776;  capturedat  sametimewas  Edward Hickenbottom, 

i  land  Township. 

The  followi  are  found  in  Capt.    Joseph  McClellan  s  journal,  as 

hiscompany:  James  Allison,  Phillip  Breulls,  JohnDavis,  JohnFarmer, 

Nicholas  Howe,  Samuel  Lecount,  Valentine  Miller,  Daniel  Netherhot 

ew  Turney.     There  are  other  names,  but  they  were  citi 
ork  County. 
Mathew  Farney  (or  Forney),  of  Marsh  Creek,  was  in  the  Thirteenth  Penn- 
sylvania. 

'    Capt.   Mo  i's   first,   lieutenant    was   Barnet  Eichelberger,   who 

med,  and  J  cceeded;  JohnHoge,  second  lieutenant, and  Robert 

H  n  Lieut.  Edie  was  taken  prisoner   June  8,  1  i  76,  and  i 

AprillO,  1778.     He  afterward  became  Gen.  Edie.    Ensign  Hopes  was  rapidly 
promoted.     He  was  killed  at  the  battle  of  Brandywine. 

■  O'Neal  enlisted  from  Cumberland  Township.  Joseph  Russell  en- 
tered the  army  at  the  age  of  nineteen  years.  Joseph  Wilson  sameage.  Lieut. 
Irvine  received  seventeen  bayonet  worm 

A  nio-ht   attack  was  made  at  Paoli  by  the  enemy,  tie'  command   of  ('apt. 
Moses  Mi  <  Hi  an  suffered  terribly.     Of  it  Maj.  Hay  wrote:  "The  annals  of  the 
luce  Buch  a  scene  of  butchery.     All  was  confusion.      The  en- 
emy amo    ;  and  your  regiment  (the  S nth)   the  most  exposed,  as  the 

the  left  wing.     The  enemy  rushed  on  with  fixed  bay 

use  of  them  a- they  intended.  *    Our  loss:  Col.  Grier,  Capt.  Wilson 

and  Lieut.  Irvine,  and  sixty-one  non-commissioned  officers  and  privates  killed 

ttad.      •      -     I  went  to  see  the  wounded.     The  scene 

was  shocking.     The  poor  men  groaning  ander  their  wounds,  which  were  all  by 

stabs  of  bi  ;  cuts  of  light  horsemen's  swords." 

In  the  First  Battalion,  the  Seventh  Com]  captain,  FrancisBonar; 

first  lieutenant.  >nd,    John    Shroeder;   ensign,    William 

ten.     Eighth  ;;|IIL  V'M    l,;"' 

igh;  first  lieutenant,  Peter  Sholtz;  second  lieutenant,    Jacob    Rudisil;  en- 

\l  chea]    Ettinger;  56  men      First   Company,  Third  Battalion,  captain, 

Jacob  Bi  'las    Baker;  - I,  John   Bare;  ec 

George  LeFevre.      Fourth  Com]  i,  Chris  Lauman;  first  lieutenant, 

second,  John  Fishel;  ensign,  Charles  Barnitz.     Fourth 


36  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

Battalion,  First  Company,  first  lieutenant,  William  Hamilton;  second,  Joseph 
Pollock;  ensign,  Adam  Heaver.  Third  Company,  captain,  William  Gilliland; 
first  lieutenant.  Mathew  Mitchell;  second,  William  Helmery;  ensign,  Nicholas 
Glasgow.  Fifth  Company,  captain,  John  McElvain;  first  lieutenant,  John 
Range;  second,  Francis  Claysaddle;  ensign,  James  Geary.  Seventh  Company, 
captain,  Samuel  Erwin;  first  lieutenant,  William  Haughtelin;  second,  Henry 
Forney;  ensign,  William  Reed.  Eighth  Company,  captain,  Thomas  Stockton: 
first  lieutenant,  Jacob  Cassat;  second,  Daniel  Monteith;  ensign,  Andrew  Pat- 
terson. Sixth  Company,  captain,  William  Miller;  first  lieutenant,  James  Por- 
ter; second, ;  ensign,  Barabas  McSherry.  Seventh  Company,  cap- 
tain, Thomas  Orbison;  first  lieutenant,  Robert  Mcllhenny;  second,  Joseph 
Hunter;  ensign,  Robert  Wilson.  Sixth  Battalion,  Fourth  Company,  captain, 
Fred  Hurtz;  first  lieutenant,  Mathew  Baugher.  Eighth  Company,  captain. 
Abraham  Sell;  first  lieutenant,  Jacob  Kitzmiller.  Seventh  Battalion,  James 
Agnew,  lieutenant- colonel;  John  Weams,  major.  First  Company,  captain. 
Thomas  Latta;  first  lieutenant,  Robert  Fletcher;  second  lieutenant,  Samuel 
Cobean.  Eighth  Battalion,  colonel,  Henry  Slagle;  major,  Joseph  Lilly. 
Eighth  Company,  captain,  Thomas  McNery. 

On  the  army  returns  of  1778,  the  whole  number  of  men  in  the  York  County 
Militia  was  4,(321. 

Of  the  three  brigades  in  the  Flying  Camp,  the  First  Brigade  was  com- 
manded by  Gen.  James  Ewing;  it  consisted  of  three  battalions,  Col.  Swope 
commanding  the  first.  The  two  battalions,  formed  out  of  the  five  York 
County  battalions,  they  marched  to  New  Jersey,  and  endured  the  severest  fate 
of  war.  Michael  Smyser  (Schrneiser)  was  captain  of  the  First  Company,  with 
Zachariah  Shugart,  first  lieutenant ;  Andrew  Robinson,  second;  William  Wayne, 
ensign.  Gerhart  Graff,  captain  of  the  Second  Company;  Kauffman,  lieuten- 
ant ;& Jacob  Dritt,  captain  of  Third;  Baymiller,  first  lieutenant;  Clayton,  second: 
Jacob  Mayer,  ensign.      Nicholas  Bittinger  was  captain  in  the  Second  Battalion. 

In  1775  York  County  was  required  to  form  five  companies  of  minute  men; 
the  territory  that  is  now  Adams  County,  the  companies  of  Cumberland, 
Hamiltonban,  Strabane,  Menallen,  Mount  Joy  and  Tyrone  Townships  to  form 
the  Second  Battalion;  and  Heidelberg,  Berwick,  Mount  Pleasant,  Manheim 
and  Germany,  with  other  townships  in  what  is  now  York  County,  to  furnish 
the  Third  Battalion. 


CHAPTER  IX. 


Ekection  of  County— Date  of  its  Creation— Boundary  Line,  Area  and 
Population— James  Gettys— Selection  of  County  Seat— Taxes  Levied 
—County  Buildings. 

WHEN  a  question  of  greatest  importance  locally  to  the  people  of  what 
was  then  this  portion  of  York  County  came  up.  namely,  the  erection 
of  a  new  county,  then  again  to  a  slight  extent  became  visible  the  race  prejudice 
that  had  not  wholly  been  eradicated  by  long  companionship  of  misery  that  vis- 
ited all  the  people  of  this  country  during  the  Revolution.  Toward  the  close 
of  the  eighteenth  century,  as  early  as  1790,  it  became  evident  that  there  must 
be  a  new  county  formed.  A  large  and  rapidly  increasing  population  had 
already  found  prosperous  and  happy  homes  in  this  southwestern  portion  of 


HISTOID    OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 


37 


York  County,  and  they  were  without    mails,  courts,  or  marts   Eor  traffic,  ex 

,,.,,,  , all  the  «a\    to  the  town  of  fork.     The  question  waB  started  for 

discussion,  and  while  all  could  see  the  imperious  necessity  for  a  change  m  tins 
respect,  yet  manj  did  not  desire  to  risk  the  plunge  from  the  sphere  of  the] 
evils  into  the  regions  of  the  unknown.  The  movement  to  form  a  county  origi 
oated  with  the  Scotch  triah,  who  largel]  held  possession  of  the  northern  por 
tion of  the  territory  out  of  which  the  new  countj  was  to  be  formed,  and  the 
southern  part  of  this  territory  was  in  the  possession  of  the  Dutch,  with  a 
yen  light  sprinkling  of  Germans  and  a  verj  few  Scotch-Irish.  The  Dutch 
did  not  desire  to  be  stricken  off  into  a  new  county  with  the  Scotch  Irish;  thej 
believed  they  would  be  outnumbered,  outvoted,  and  in  the  end.  from  foretastes 
in  elections  in  Eormer  times  in  York  County,  thej  were  apparent!}  justified  in  their 
apprehensions.  The  leaders  of  the  Scotch-Irish  were  strong,  active  and  aggressive 
men;  at  leastthey  were  never  noted  for  great  diffidence  in  laying  claims  to 
their  plain  ami  just  rights.  The  leaders  of  the  Dutch  were  slow,  solid  and, 
upon  even  slight  pretexts,  stubborn  as  the  granite  hills  about  them.  Bui  these 
incongruities  were  eventually  overcome  bj  the  commanding  necessities  of  the 
ad  a  new  county  was  "created,  called  in  honor  of  the  then  President  of 
dted  States  -Adams  County. 
The  act  of  the  Legislature  creating  Adams  County  is  of  date  January  22, 
I  sin  i.  A. id  it  goeswithout  the  saying  that,  with  the  division  among  the  people,  it 
was  earned  through  the  Legislature  successfully  by  what  in  modern  times  has 
come  to  be  called  "log-rolling;"  that  is.  by  combinations  among  parties  in  the 
Legislature.  In  numerous  other  parts  of  the  State  where  new  counties  were 
wanted,  or  other  wants  were  pressing  upon  the  constituents  of  members. 
all  these  parties  would  join  and  vote  in  turn  for  each  other's  measures.  In 
this  case,  at  least,  "log-rolling"  was  a  beneficent  thing  in  the  end  for  our 
people,  and  gave  the  great  commonwealth  one  of  her  most  prolific  agricultural 
municipalities,  almost  literally  a  community  of  farmers  with  no  great  individ- 
ual fortunes,  and  almost  without  a  trace  of  extreme  poverty  and  suffering. 
For.  after  all.  the  farm  is  the  great  alma  mater  of  all — the  factory,  the  rail 
roads,  eommer«e  and  the  comforts  and  joys  of  our  best  civilization  coming  from 
that  i me  common  source. 

The  oommissioners  appointed  to  run  the  boundary  line  of  the  new  county 
were    I  deputy   surveyor  of   York  County;    Samuel  Sloan,  dep 

uty  surveyor  of  Adams  County,  and  William  Waugh,  and  they  fixed  upon  the 
following  boundary  lines:  "Beginning  at  the  Line  of  Cumberland  County 
where  the  road  from  Carlisle  to  Baltimore  leads  through  Trent's  Gap;  then 
following  said  load  to  Binders;  thence  on  a  straight  line  to  Conowago  Creek. 
opposite  the  mouth  of  Abbott's  Run;  thence  along  the  line  of  Manheim  and 
Berwick  Townships  westwardly,  until  it  strikes  the  road  leading  from  Oxford 
to  Hi  aov<  rtown;  and  from  thence  a  due  south  course  until  it  strikes  the  Mary 
land  line;  thence  along  the  Maryland  line  to  the  line  of  Franklin  County- 
line  of  Franklin  and  Cumberland  Counties  to  the  place  of 
beginning."  It  contains  53]  Bquare  miles  in  an  area  of  twenty-four  by  twen 
a  miles.  The  total  acreage  is  339,133  acres,  originally  all  timber 
land;  in  farms  and  other  improvements,  the  timber  area  has  been  reduced  to 
50,000  acres.  When  the  county  was  formed  there  was  a  population,  as  given 
by  the  United  state,  census  of  thai  year,  of  13,172,  including,  as  the  tax  books 
show,  nine  negro  slaves.  The  owners  of  these  slaves  were  .lames  Gettys,  two 
women;  W  Ldow  McPherson,  one  man:  William  McClellan,  one  man:  Alexander 
Russell,  one  woman;  Reynolds  Ramsey,  one  woman:  .lames  Scott,  a  man  and  a 
woman;   William  McPherson,  two  men.      The  highest   assessed  value  of  any 


38  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

slave  was  $150.  The  assessor's  books  for  1801  show  that  this  year  there  was 
added  to  the  alave  owners  James  Scott,  "one  negro  man;"  and  the  next  year 
Alexander  Cobean  was  assessed  "one  negro  woman,  $100,"  and  Conrad  Hoke 
"negro  woman  fifty  years  old,"  no  value  given.  Slaves  were  now  freely 
introduced  and  in  considerable  numbers,  and  some  of  the  quaintest  documents 
in  the  spelling  and  structure  of  sentences  that  we  remember  to  have  come 
across,  are  the  few  original  bills  of  sale  of  slaves  that  have  been  preserved 
among  old  papers  and  documents. 

The  total  number  of  "taxables"   in  Adams  County   in  the  year  1800  was 
2,563,  and  the  next  year  the  total  number  of  negro  slaves  was  ninety-four. 

In  addition  to  the  negro  slaves  (these  people  all  then  called  their  farms 
' '  plantations  "),  there  were  the  indentured  or  bonded  white  men — men  who  had 
given  so  many  years,  as  agreed  upon  where  the  capitalist  made  both  sides  of  the 
bargain,  of  their  labor,  for  money  or  sustenance,  generally  claimed  to  have 
been  furnished  to  convey  the  servant  to  this  country.  These  servants,  or  they 
and  their  time,  were  matters  of  transfer  as  any  other  property.  There  are  no 
records  by  which  the  number  of  this  class  of  people  here  can  now  be  ascer- 
tained. But  when  a  newspaper  commenced  to  lie  published  in  Gettysburg  it 
was  a  frequent  occurrence  to  see  advertisements  offering  rewards  from  1  cent 
to  $10  for  the  recapture  of  these  runaways.  They  would  grow  tired  of 
their  cruel  bargain  and  "  go  West  to  grow  up  with  the  country  " — not  even  tak- 
ing with  them  Greeley's  historical  half-dollar  or  perfected  Hoe  printing  press. 
The  new  county  was  about  to  be  formed  and  its  municipal  machinery  to  be 
put  in  operation.  The  contention  over  the  subject  was  of  the  deepest  interest. 
The  preponderance  of  population  was  along  the  east  side  of  the  county,  with 
the  Scotch-Irish  in  possession  of  the  north  and  the  Dutch  of  the  south.  Here 
were  distinct  interests,  each  determined  to  do  the  very  best  they  could  in  secur- 
ing an  advantageous  location  of  the  county  seat.  It  was  a  tempting  morsel, 
and  a  field-day  to  sections  of  the  county,  contending  communities,  and  even 
to  nearly  every  individual  who  owned  a  tract  of  land,  on  which  he  had  a  shanty 
and  a  truck  patch  cleared,  that  did  not  lie  on  the  extreme  borders  of  the  county. 
Many  of  these  excited  owners  of  "  plantations  "  no  doubt  saw  his  shanty  and 
small  clearing  blown  in  a  night  into  ernbry*  county  capitals,  and  could  almost 
see  the  future  great  city,  with  its  teeming  population,  factories,  grand  avenues, 
palatial  residences,baronial  castles, its  towers  and  minarets  gleaming  in  the  early 
morning  sun,  and  chink  in  his  pockets  the  fabulous  prices  per  front  foot  the 
incoming  rush  of  humanity  would  thrust  upon  him .  Like  other  elections  or 
selections  all  could  not  realize  their  fond  dreams. 

T~James  Gettys,  a  man  of  brains,  force  of  character  and  resources,  had 
opened  a  farm,  a  very  large  farm  for  that  time,  where  the  borough  of  Gettys- 
burg now  stands.  The  improvement  included  nearly  all  of  the  present  town 
limits.  He  had  built  a  small  shanty  near  a  spring— of  which  there  were  niany 
iu  the  locality — on  the  north  side  of  the  hill,  some  distance  north  of  where  the 
McClellan  house  now  stands,  or  a  little  northeast  of  the  triangle.  And  as  soon 
as  he  had  fairly  got  his  farm  opened  the  talk  commenced  about  forming  a  new 
county,  to  include  substantially  the  present  county  boundaries,  and  thi  early 
suggestion,  or  perhaps  even  earlier  than  this,  the  natural  location  of  the  place 
ancfthe  settlements  north  and  south  and  around  it  suggested  to  Gettys  to  lay 
out  a  town  on  his  land.  It  cannot  now  be  ascertained  what  was  the  true  date 
of  the  commencement  to  build  a  town  here.  He  put  up  a  spacious  two  story 
log  house,  the  first  real  residence  built  here,  which,  with  the  kitchen  and  out- 
buildings standing  upon  the  elevation,  made  quite  a  show.  This  house  stood  a 
short  distance  north  of  where  the  "Globe  Inn"  now  is— northeast  of  the  triangle. 


fflSTOEl    OF  ADAMS  COUNTV.  '  ' 

II,.  opened  this  us  a  hotel.  The  house  Btood  as  he  built  it  until  a  few  .wars 
(1880)  when  it  was  burned;  a  remarkable  fad  being  that  it  stood  Eor  a 
uy,  the  first  house  put  up,  and  wasthefirsl  residence  in  the  place  consumed 

3   To  return  a  little,  bj  way  of  explanation,  it  is  at  re  to  saj  that  in 

L790  the  subjeet  of  Eorming  a  new  county  progressed  bo  Ear  i  >oin1  three 

,.,„„„.  select  a  countj  seat,  and  .lames  Cunningham,  Jonathan  Eoge 

and  James  Johnston  had  been  chosen  commissionei s  to  make  the  selection. 
Ihej  selected  a  tract  belongingto  Garret  Van  Orsdel,  in  Strabane  rjownship, 
"between  the  two  roads  leading  from  Hunters  and  Gettystown  to  the  brick  house, 
including  part  of  said  road."  Then  in  1791  the  subject  was  again  put  in  mo 
turn  and  Rev.  Alexander  Dobbin  and  David  Moore  were  chosen  to  select  the 
oountj  seat  Location.  The  matter  ran  alongwitb  nothing  further  done  until 
L799  'when  Gettys,  in  order  to  be  in  apt  time,  deeded  to  Dobbin  and  Moore, 
f..r    the   use   of"  the  new    county,    200  lots,    with  the    quit  rents,    and    also 

I  tor  a  " gaol"  and  a  court  house  lot.     James  Gettys   purchased  the  land 
now   occupied    by  the  borough  in  1790,  and  it    is   probable,  though    no   official 

•her  evidence  as  to  dates  are  now  to  be  found,  he  soon  alter  conceived  the 

the   future  county  seat,  and    so    announced    to   the   world,  and 

offered  inducements  for  people  to  come  here  and  settle.    One  of  the  conditions 

in  hie  deed  to  the  trustees  was  the  '•  enhanced  value  of  the  remainder  of  the 

property  from  the  location  of  the  town  seat  here."      The   ground  rent  upon 

its   donated   to  the  county  was  7s.  6d.     The  long  document  is 

and  Mary  Gettys. 

In  the  meantime  other  parties  were  as  busy  as  was  Gettys  in  the  effort  to 
secure  the  future  county  town.  The  most  formidable  rival  was  Hunterstown. 
I  lie  strong  champions  of  this  place  were  Dickson,  Brinkerhoff,  Shriver  and 

[t  was  then  verv  near  the  center    of   population   of   the    county,    while 
(  i,.m  stowu  was  very  near  the  geographical  center.    The  latter  was  championed 
by  such  strong  men  as  the  McPhersons,  McCleans,  McSherrys,  Homers,  Cob- 
van.  Crawford  Dunwoody  and  many  others  of  nearly  equal  force  of  character. 
commissioners,  Alexander  Dobbin  and   David  Moore,  as  early  as  re- 
quired bj  the  act,  had  fixed  upon  Gettysburg,  and  on  the  23d  of  February  of 
that  year  they  deeded  the  lots  and  property  conveyed  to  them  by  Gettys  to  the 
county  in  the  name  of  the  three  county  commissions.  Robert  Mcllhenny,  Jacob 
I  David  Bdie.      In  Gettys' deed  he  gives  the  name  of  the  place 
."     On  further  examination  of  the   act  creating  the  county  it 
;,t    the  friends  of  "Gettystown"  managed  this  part  of  their  work  as 
.  .  had  that  of  forming  the  county.      They  had  the  Legislature 
lis  the  countv  Beat  at  this  place;   and  the  tempting  inducement    to  do  this  was 
a  bond  shown  the  members  of  the  Legislature,  signed  by  prominent  men,  offer- 
to  pay  a  large  sum  toward  erecting  the  county  buildings. 
"The  act  authorized  the  county  commissioners  to  levy  a  tax  of  $3,000   tor 
public  buildings  on  the  county,  and  it  was  agreed  that  the  additional  $7,000 
for  that  purpose  should  be  contributed  by  private  subscriptions.     The  act  re- 
cites the  essen( f  the  bond,  which  is  Bigned  by  Henry   Hoke.  James  Scott, 

William  McClellan,    George    Kerr.   William  Mcpherson,   Alexander  Cobean, 
Alexander    Irwin,    Alexander    Russell,    Walter    Smith,    William    Hamilton, 
John  Myers,    Emanuel  Zeigler   and  Samuel  Sloan,  and  was  for  the  sum  of 
000,   to    be  third    in    six    months   after   the    passage   of   the    bill, 

and  the    two  third-    in     equal    annual    payments   thereafter.        Then    for    the 
first  time  in  this  act  of  the  Legislature  it  is  called  "Gettysburg."     This  strong 
effective  bond,  effective  in  making  this  the  county  seat,  was  in  the  hand- 


42  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

writing  of  Alexander  Russell.  The  venerable  document  is  without  date,  and 
was  long  ago  marked  across  its  face  "Cancelled."  It  had  been  paid  accord- 
ing to  its  tenor.  The  people,  moved  by  a  generous  public  sentiment,  and  as 
many  had  pledged,  no  doubt,  the  signers  of  the  $7,000  bond,  started  subscrip- 
tion papers.  Five  papers  were  circulated,  and  the  following  receipt  explains 
fully  the  result  of  this  movement: 

Received  January  6,  1801,  of  Reynolds  Ramsey,  Henry  Hoke,  Alexander  Russell, 
Alexander  Cobean,  Mathew  Smith,  Alexander  Irwin,  George  Kerr  and  James  Scott,,  five 
subscription  papers,  wherein  a  number  of  the  inhabitants  ot  Gettysburg  and  its  vicinity 
had  subscribed  certain  sums  of  money  supposed  to  be  eight  thousand  eight  hundred  and 
ninety-seven  dollars  and  thirty-three  cents,  for  the  purpose  of  erecting  publick  buildings 
in  a  county  proposed  to  be  struck  or!  the  county  of  lork.  From  whom  I  am  directed  to 
collect  the  sums  set  opposite  the  respective  names  of  the  aforesaid  subscribers 

[Signed]  Kobt.  Hayes. 

There  is  no  doubt  there  was  a  mistake  of  a  year  in  the  date  of  this  instru- 
ment. This  is  made  plain  by  the  sentence  "in  a  county  proposed  to  be 
struck  off." 

Robert  Hayes,  then,  was  then  commissioner  to  collect  subscriptions  and  tne 
county  fund,  and  make  the  payments  on  the  public  buildings  —court  house  and 
jail.  Like  all  general  subscription  papers  this  was  a  hard  work  to  perform, 
and  all  the  time  he  was  giving  notices  to  "pay  up"— threatening  suits  against 
delinquents,  etc. ,  etc.     The  most  of  them  paid  by  labor  and  materials  f  urmshed. 

William  McClellan,  Henry  Hoke  and  William  Hamilton  were  appointed  by 
law  commissioners  to  contract  and  superintend  the  erection  of  the  county  build- 
ings. ,     % 

February  29,  1801,  the  commissioners  made  a  statement,  in  which  they 
charge  themselves  with  $3,000  received  from  the  county,  and  $7,000  from 
Robert  Hayes;  total,  $10,000. 

They  are  then  credited  with  $9,802.70,  money  paid  for  labor  and  materials 
on  the  court  house  and  jail.  This  would  indicate  the  cost  of  these  buddings. 
"Walter  Smith,  Henry  Hull  and  Michael  Slagle  were  the  commissioners  of  the 
county  who  on  January  28,  1S04,  certified  to  the  correctness  of  this  report. 
The  largest  single  item  in  the  list  of  payments  is  $3,913. 12±  paid  Alexander 
Cobean  for  building  the  jail. 

The  court  house  was  constructed  after  the  one  style  of  all  such  buildings  ot 
that  day— of  brick,  with  stone  foundation,  and  square.  The  lower  floor  was  the 
court  room,  a  door  in  the  north  and  south,  the  south  door  only  being  used,  as 
the  judge's  bench  was  placed  against  the  north  door.  The  house  stood  m  the 
center  ol  the  public  square.  On  each  side  of  the  south  door  was  a  stairway 
leading  to  the  galleries,  the  left  stairway  also  leading  to  the  three  rooms  on  the  up- 
per floor  grand  and  petit  jurors'  rooms.  About  one-third  of  the  space  in  the 
main  court  room  was  given  to  juries,  on  the  right  and  left  of  the  judge,  and  the 
attorneys  sat  in  front  of  the  judge.  Two  great  wood  stoves  heated  the  room. 
This  was  the  court  house  room  and  accommodations  that  served  well  for  over  fifty 
years.  The  building,  now  the  store  of  Weaver  &  Co.,  on  the  northeast  corner 
of  the  square,  was  occupied  by  the  county  officers,  clerks,  etc. 

When  the  business  of  the  courts  and  county  officers,  and  the  needs  of  the 
inhabitants  had  long  outgrown  the  accommodations  of  the  old  court  house,  the 
people  began  to  importune  the  grand  jury  to  put  up  a  new  and  suitable  build- 
ing All  the  leading  citizens  saw  the  urgent  necessity  for  this,  and  yet  they 
dreaded  the  great  expense.  The  Democrats  had  only  fairly  got  in  power  in 
the  county,  and  shrewd  party  leaders  were  nervous  when  they  thought  of  a 
heavy  tax  upon  the  people  for  even  the  best  of  purposes.  But  the  people  pre- 
vailed  and  in  March,  1858,  the  new  court  house,  as  it  now  stands,  was  contracted 


BISTOM  OF    U>AMS  COUNTY.  *3 

for  and  in  185911  was  completed  and.  readj  Eor  occupancy.     The  building  is  a 
;  t  le  m  proportions,  strong  and  solidly  built  Eton,  Eoun 

Son  Vtone  to  turret,  commodious  and  well  appointed  m  it  m.aSdof; 

Swith  strong  fire-proof  vaults,  and  crowned  with  steeple  containing  bell  and 
town  doch      It  is  a  perpetual  testimony  to  the  good  judgment  and int, 

Se  authorities  under  whose  auspices  it  was  built,  esj ial  y  when  ri   u  I wn 

Sat^nite  completion,  the  whole  e.  than  $20,000       Chere  are  man; 

..;«;."'■:'  aff trj   that  have   paid    Erom  $40,000  to  $120  000  for  their 

,.,„„.,  :l    iD    every    respect  were  not  superior  to  the  Adams  County 

^^ereThnprovemeni  to  the  town  was  tearing  down  the  old  court  house  in 
the  public  square,  and  throwing  these  gro  to  the  pubhp  use. 

The  jail  after  a  fashion,  held  the  few  criminals  committed  to  its  keep 
ine:  that  is,  like  all  jails,  held  some,  while  others  escaped.  Cn  1832,  "when 
the  stars  fell,"  there  was  a  murderer  in  the  jail,  and  it  is  supposed   this  awful 

display  of  heavenlj  fire  works  frightened  the  , r  fellow  sot  hat  he  broke  out, 

wenttothe  blacksmith  shop,  filed  off  his  shackles  and  fted  to  the  woods    and 
M  he  forgot  to  come  bach  and  give  himself  up  to  be  hanged,  rt  may  be  inferred 

heisstillneei Eromthe  "Mars"  that  do  not  pursue.     On  the  mghtol !  Ji 

7  1850  therewas  discovered  a  bright  fire  burning  in  the  jaiL  The  discoverj 
was  made  by  a  young  .nan  of  Gettysburg  who  had  been  out  late  interviewing 
his  sweetheart,  and  he  gave  the  alarm;  but  it  was  too  late  to  save  the  building, 
and  it  burned  to  the  ground.  Two  men,  Toner  and  Musselman,  who  were  de- 
mented to  some  extent,  were  confined  in  the  building,  and  one  had  in  some 
way  Btarted  the  fire,  as  it  had  commenced  in  hi.  cell,  and  Musselman  s  body 
was  almost   whollj  consumed      Toner    was  suffocated.      The  jail,   as    it    now 

^e^^hoTpital  originally  built  in  1817-18.  The  buildjng  stands  a  few 
rods  Dortheast  of  Gettysburg.  The  new  part  was  bud  m  18/8,  and  this  and 
the  other  building  that  had  been  previously  constructed  at  different  times,  give 

amnio  accomn  odation  and  comfort  to  the  county's  poor  unfortunates        1  hese 

areth onty  buildings.     The  economy  and  honesty  exercised  m  their  con 

structiori  and  management  are  well  attested  to  by  the  assessor  s  books  calling 
,,,„,„  the  people  to  pay  the  bills.  Then,  in  addition  to  these  county  buildb 
the  county  is  most  abundantly  supplied  with  stone  and  iron  bridges  and  free 
turnpike  roads.  And  to  all  this  we  can  add  ro  word  of  commendation  to  the 
two  generations  of  nam  who  have  controlled  and  performed  all  these  splendid 
and  a,u,,  an  to  call  the  attention  of  the  reader  to 

the  light  county  tax— a  little  less  on  the  average  than  three  mills— that  u 

people.     In  these  respects  no  county  in  the  Union  has  be. 
fortunate.      Literally,   no  stealing  from  the  public  has  so  far  blurred  the  tan- 
name  of  Adams  County. 


44  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 


CHAPTER  X. 

by  aaron  sfieely,  a.  m. 

Natural  History  of  Adams  County— Geology— Mineralogy— The  South 
Mountain— The  "  Barrens"— Destruction  of  Forests— Streams— Ele- 
vations—Scenery— T  kefs  and   Shrubs— Fish— Birds. 


THE  geology  of  Adams  County  is  its  physical  history,  and  has  for  its  object 
the  investigation  of  the  causes  which  have  produced  the  phenomena  ex- 
hibited both  by  its  exterior  and  interior  rock  formations.  This  history  is  writ- 
ten in  the  layers  and  masses  of  mineral  matter  which  constitute  the  crust  of  the 
earth  comprised  within  the  limits  of  the  county,  and  becomes  intelligible  in 
the  investigation  of  the  successive  changes  to  which  this  portion  of  the  earth 
has  been  subjected. 

The  first  geological  survey  of  any  portion  of  the  county  under  govern- 
mental direction  was  made  in  pursuance  of  an  act  of  Legislature  dated  March 
29,  1836,  by  the  eminent  geologist,  Prof.  Henry  D.  Eogers,  with  the  aid  of  a 
corps  of  competent  assistants. 

The  field  work  of  the  first  season  was  sufficient  to  determine  with  certainty 
the  order  of  the  rocks  of  middle  and  southern  Pennsylvania,  and  to  establish 
the  fact  that  the  South  Mountain  range  belongs  to  the  great  Laurentian  sys- 
tem, the  oldest  known  to  geologists.  It  also  established  the  fact  that  Adams 
County  belongs  to  the  mesozoic  or  medieval  time  of  the  earth's  history,  com- 
prising a  single  age  only— the  reptilian,  and  that  the  strata  or  beds  lying 
eastward  of  the  South  Mountain  are  sedimentary,  that  they  occur  m  long 
narrow  strips  parallel  with  the  mountains  and  coast-line,  occupying  synclinal 
valleys  formed  in  the  course  of  the  folding  of  the  Appalachians,  and  that  the 
twisted  and  disturbed  condition  of  the  beds  is  due  to  this  folding. 

The  results  of  this  survey  to  the  State,  as  well  as  to  the  cause  of  geological 
science,  were  most  important,  and  served  to  correct  several  erroneous  theories 
concerning  the  geology  of  this  part  of  the  State.  It  may  with  truth  be  as- 
serted that  this  survey  gave  birth  to  the  science  of  American  structural  geology. 
The  act  of  the  Legislature  ordering  the  second  geological  survey  of  Penn- 
sylvania was  passed  May  14,  1874.  Prof.  Persifer  Frazer,  Jr.,  of  Philadelphia, 
was  the  geologist  in  charge  of  the  York  and  Adams  district,  assisted  by  Prof. 
A:  E.  Lehman,  of  Lebanon,  Penn.  These  gentlemen  promptly  commenced 
work  in  their  district,  visiting  mines  and  important  exposures,  tracing  lines 
of  outcrop,  collecting  specimens  of  rocks  and  minerals,  and,  after  properly 
arranging  and  marking  the  same,  forwarding  them  to  headquarters  at  Hams- 
burg  for  examination  and  study,  running  lines  and  making  measurements  m 
every  direction,  gathering  much  valuable  information  concerning  the  geology 
and  mineralogy  of  the  district,  and  sending  carefully  prepared  reports  from 
time  to  time  of  their  operations. 

These  surveys  by  Prof.  Frazer  and  his  assistants  have  been  very  elaborately 
and  faithfully  made,  at  least  so  far  as  Adams  County  is  concerned.  There  are 
few  if  any  localities  that  have  not  been  thoroughly  examined  and  accurately 


HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 


15 


,    i      Whilst  it  is   to   Pro!     Rogers  that  we  owe  the  discovery    of   the 

.  coneral  law  of  the  earth's  structure  prevailing  in  this  section   it  is 

duel  :h;,1Ul,;„v  fulworking  outoftheclue 

V,,,  r„li  reports  of  the  second  geological  survej  baye  been  published  bj 

the  state  but X  facts  and  data  contai I   Ln  them,  being  scattered  torov 

',,.;.  *;mber  of  volumes,  which  seem  to  be  running  through  the  press  indefm 

C,;,,,,,,,,,,  part  so  detached  and  fragmentary  as  to  impair  seriouslj 

S'n^fuSessforpracticalpurposes.     Itistobe  b  the  valuable  inf or 

nation  embraced  in  these  voluminous  reports  may.  without  unnecessary  delay, 

Senstl  arranged  and  published  as  to  make  i<  of  interest  and   use 

to^^toS.Frazer,''two-thirdsoft] mty  consists  of  mesoz, 

soft  sT2e  or  shale,  traversed  by  extensive  trap  dykes.     Its  western  town- 
,,,„,„  th,  South  Mountain  azoic  rocks,   resembling  the  Huromar,  se 

,       i,     'an;  la    ven   sili< as  and  porphyritic,  carrying  some  copper  ores  as 

l,iv,       Th,    York    County    limestone    belt    of  th,-   (Won,,    \  al  ey 

.  re   Ct^,.  as  also  pa,-,,' of  Oxford  and  Union  Townships,  and  is 

.,..,.„,  the  southeast  by  th,  mica  schist  belt.     The  chlorite  schist  j  us 

,„,,.,  ,h,  southeast  corner  of  th,  county.     Extensive  outcrop  ^gments  of 

Zite  indicate  the  presence  of  th,  Potsdam  sandstone  in  Berwick  rownship 

!     ..''onttnuatiouof  th,  Pigeon  Hills  of  York  County,  and  several! ftiou- 

sand  feet  of  rocks  assignable  to  th,  Potsdam  make  ap  the  mountain  ridges  of 

Menallen  and  Franklin  Townships  north  of  th,  Chambersburg  pike. 

Tll,.  South  Mountain  tonus,  as  ha.  been  stated,  a  broken  range  of  the  old 
,.-(  protozoic  o,-  Laurentiau  formation.      This  consists  chiefly  of  layers  ol    me 
,.i  crystalline  sandrock  called  gneiss.     The  pnncipd  minerals 
,,„,„„,  are  iron  and  copper  ore.     The  outcrops  of  these  may  he  seen  in 
1  (.      (.,n  tv  of  Gettysbnrg.      The  soil  is   principally  of  three  kinds,   partaking 
|.h;ini,.1„,  ,  oi  the  county.     These  are  for  the  most 

nlrt  Huston,,  red  shale,  and  trap  or  syenite,  the  disintegrating  and  wearing 
n-avof  which  has  formed  the  soil,  th,  abundant  presence  of  u-on  giving  the 
prevailing  red  color  to  it.      The  area  of  the  county  is  530  square  miles. 

MINERALOGY. 

rron. -There  is  in  the  county  a  great  outspread  of  gneissoid  sandrock  ami 
mica  slat,,  containing  beds  of  magnetic   iron  ore.   each  traceable    lor   man 
milea      To  determhie  whether  or  not  these  constitute  a  separate  system  requires 

fur,h,r  observation  and  study.     Some  of  tl rebeds  have  become^ decom- 

Sosed  along  their  outcrops,  affording  extensive  surf  ace  mines  o    brown  bem 
lt„      Thegreat  or,  becb  of  the  South  Mountain  seem  to  be  buried  at  considei 
aU;  depths  beneath  the  surface.     The3  will   probably  at  some  distant  day,  as 
the  the  country  increase,  become  Bources  oi  wealth  to 

.  :      :         I  qualities  has    or  w 

0f  the  county.     A    Eew  oi  these  mining 

oDeratdons  will  be  briefly  described: 

1     u.out  ten  year  oingwasmadeon  th,  farm  of  Mr.  GeorgeHow- 

,,11    near   I  -   northwest  of  Gettysburg,  m  the  hope  oi 

,.  andstone,  with  fragments  ot  trap, 
were  found.  There  is  nothing  at  this  tin,,  about  th,  excavation  to  show  the 
•"'  !  ....  Were  found  or,  the  farm  of  Mr.  George 
Cole  inBucha  I  ■'  mile  and  a  half  from  Newmans,  on  the 
Chambersburg  pike.  An  opening  was  subsequently  made  and  some  ore  of 
pality  taken  out.  but  it  has  aol    I n   worked  to  any  great  extent.       1  In 


If,  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

ore  is  a  pure,  crystalized,  micaceous,  specular  variety  occurring  in  white  quartz 
and  orthofelsite.  . 

The  Peter  Comfort  mine,  once  extensively  worked,  is  on  Big  Marsh  Creek, 
in  Franklin  Township,  about  a  mile  east  of  Cashtown,  and  is  one  of  the  most 
important  in  the  county.  The  first  opening  was  made  by  the  Wrightsville  Iron 
i  lompany  in  1867,  the  company  taking  a  twenty-five  year  lease  at  30  cents  roy- 
alty per  ton.  A  number  of  extensive  excavations  have  been  made,  but  no  work 
has  been  done  for  twelve  years.  The  ore  is  a  good  quality  of  magnetic.  The 
ore  was  hauled  by  teams  to  Gettysburg  at  $1.05  to  $1.85  per  ton.  The  works 
have  long  been  neglected  and  are  in  bad  condition. 

The  Minter  mine  is  on  the  farm  of  Adam  Minter,  a  few  hundred  yards 
northwest  of  the  Comfort  mine,  ore  of  good  quality  and  in  considerable 
quantity  beino-  found  scattered  over  the  fields  in  the  vicinity.  McCormick  & 
Co.,  of  Harrisburg,  opened  a  trial  shaft  here  in  1874.  The  tests  being  satis- 
factory, the  company  opened  a  mine  and  introduced  suitable  machinery  for 
operating  it,  including  a  fifteen  horse-power  engine  for  hoisting  and  pumping. 
The  miners  were  paid  $1.20  per  day  of  ten  working  hours,  the  engineer  receiv- 
ing $1.60  per  day,  and  the  boss  $75  per  month.  The  ore  in  this  mine  occurs 
in^irreo-ular  beds,  and  the  levels  at  which  it  was  taken  out  were  forty-seven 
feet  from  drifts  and  132  feet  on  the  slope.  The  mine  was  worked  about  a  year, 
during  which  time  about  2,500  tous  of  ore  were  taken  out  and  shipped  to 
Harrisburg,  being  hauled  by  teams  to  Gettysburg.  >  _ 

Iron  has  been  found  on  several  farms  in  the  vicinity  of  Rhodes  Mill,  in 
Freedom  Township,  but  thus  far  not  in  quantities  to  pay. 

In  1875  Martin,  Barbenheim  &  Kappes,  of  Gettysburg,  leased  about 
ten  acres  of  ground  a  few  hundred  yards  east  of  the  reservoir  on  Cemetery 
Hill,  and  comm>nc^l  excavating  for  iron.  They  continued  work  for  about 
a  year,  expending  fully  $500,  without  realizing  any  profit  either  for  them- 
selves or  the  owner  of  the  laud.  A  considerable  quantity  of  a  kind  of 
magnetic  ore  was  taken  out,  but  none  of  it  was  ever  sold.  Prof.  Leslie 
says  it  may  well  be  questioned  whether  the  large  percentage  of  magnetic  ox- 
ide frequently  found  in  those  specular  ores  is  not  mainly,  if  not  entirely,  de- 
rived from  the  disintegration  of  the  trap  rqpks  common  in  the  vicinity. 

Iron  ore  in  laro-e  quantities  was  mined  in  the  neighborhood  of  Idavdle  many 
years  ao-o,  but  the  supply  has  not  been  exhausted.  If  surface  indications  are  to 
be  relied  on  there  are  yet  vast  beds  and  veins  of  this  metal  awaiting  development 
in  this  locality.  Matthew  &  Duncan,  who  operated  the  Whitestown  furnace 
about  forty  years  ago,  opened  a  number  of  these  beds,  taking  immense  quan- 
tities of  ore  from  them.  The  largest  of  these  openings  is  on  the  "Brough 
Farm,"  and  covers  about  half  an  acre.  The  furnace  in  the  vicinity,  which 
years  ago  produced  large  quantities  of  iron,  has  long  since  been  aban- 
doned. The  buildings  and  works  are  rapidly  falling  into  decay.  Ore  of  good 
quality  has  been  found  on  the  "Peter  Dalhammer"  property  close  by,  a  trial 
shaft  revealing  large  quantities  of  it. 

The  average  daily  yield  of  the  Albert  ore  bank,  about  a  mile  southeast  ot 
Idaville,  was°ten  tons.  It  was  magnetic  and  of  good  quality.  The  iron 
made  from  this  ore  was  of  a  superior  character,  being  used  for  boiler  plate,  as 
also  for  .other  purposes  for  which  great  strength  was  required. 

In  1864  magnetic  ore  of  good  quality  was  found  on  several  farms  near 
Center  Mills,  in  Butler  Township,  but  the  beds  being  below  the  water  level 
they  could  not  be  worked  advantageously  on  account  of  the  intrusion  of  water, 
the  deposits  of  ore  not  being  deemed  sufficient  to  warrant  the  introduction  of 
steam-pumping  apparatus.  _  . 

Much  ore  of  good  quality  has  at  various  times  been  mined  m  the  south- 


in 
IRT  OF  ADAMS   COUNTY. 


„,   ,r  the  counts    in  Conowago  and  Union  Townships,  along  the  Lit 
eastern  part  of  th<  <•»'".•  ..,  times  during 

Considerable  other  exploiting  for  ores  nae  .,         ,..     M  G,  Kun- 

rttrSKS^tS^S^ ,.«■ 

r„,i„„„.  ol.loril.-  -l;.l.->.  I ''  '"  "•»'•  ,         tte{<x,,  „,-  „ „„. 

ig I.M"   '';•'»''-'''  '. ';    '  ,„iii:„i.„„'r„„„-l,i,..  :,  r..» 

Ss^^^SK^^-assc!? -,.'; ■ 

^ut^eC^ 

^^^rJ^^ughout  tl ^andguch 

tini„  p   $50*  1 ,i  '-: Led  in  efforts  to  find  it  m  paying  quantities, 

liut  thus  far  witi,  littl,  success  ned  M  .g  known  as  ^ 

.«0fd  Sp^yZe»  onthflol  a!  p?esen1  owned  and  occupied  by  Mr.  John 
HeD  i.  U  '    Street,   Gettysburg,  but  after  working  il  Eora  year  or  less 

SgSe^m^ 

1     „     I  ,,    „    it     "    g 1  ore  was  taken  out,  as  were  also  some  fine  semens 

M,.,,1M„,-.   butth ■«  deposit  being  limited  aieente^rise  faded     N» 

ore  fa the  mine  was  ever  sold,  the  men  losing  a  «^^STS^S 

wacps  The  mine  is  now  a  well,  with  an  inexhaustible  supplj  of  goou  son 
wE  A  v,.u,^  workman  employed  in  the  mine,  Charles  Eeilecker,  lost  h» 
life  by  falling  to  the  bottom  of  the  shaft  in  1852.  ,,        ,, 

\i,„nt  the  year  L845  a  copper  mine  was  opened  at  Stone  Jug,  on  the 
Opt",  p  and  Harrisburg  road,  seven  miles  from  Gettysburg,  and  worked 
Sv2  -.a    — -  during  which  time  large  quantities  o    good  ore  were 

^     •,'   ana  sold    Ma.    SoSrl  Bell  I ling  the  first  load  *»»*»££ 

weight,  to  Baltimore  in  1846.       Work   was    <^"U^\^>lX    X  X   <r 

date  the  men  being  transferred  to  certain  mines  in  the  Lake  Superior  coppei 

mder  £  management  of  the  same  company.     At  various  times  subse 

;        '  '      to  witon  a   vear,  operations  were  resumed  at  Que  mine  undei  dif- 

XXX'XX.,-^ 1, tinned,  nearly  all  of  the  ventures  proving 

dXXr"^X[X:TXr^  times  b pened  in  various  localities  in 

the  sS mTuXui,  Hamiltonban  Township,  on  the  Russell  farm,  on  th,Mus- 


48  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

selman  tract,  as  also  at  a  point  some  distance  west  of  Fountain  Dale,  but  in 
no  case  with  pecuniary  success.  Some  remarkably  fine  specimens  of  native 
copper  have  been  found  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Musselman  mine.  Copper  ore  of 
considerable  richness  was  a  few  years  ago  discovered  near  Bonneauville,  but 
it  was  soon  found  that  the  vein  was  too  thin  to  pay  for  working  it.  The  lessons 
of  the  past  seem  to  afford  little  encouragement  to  successful  copper  mining  in 
the  future  in  this  county. 

Limestone. — A  belt  of  limestone  enters  the  county  at  its  southeast  corner,  near 
the  Pigeon  Hills,  and  extends  in  a  southerly  direction  to  Littlestown,  a  distance  of 
about  seven  miles,  being  overlapped  in  many  places  by  red  shale  and  sandstone. 
This  limestone  is  of  a  bluish  color,  comparatively  pure,  and  when  burned 
yields  a  superior  quality  of  quicklime  for  agricultural  and  building  purposes. 
Vast  quantities  of  this  lime  are  annually  manufactured,  affording  employment 
to  large  numbers  of  persons,  and  contributing  materially  to  the  resources  of 
the  county. 

In  the  upper  portion  of  the  red  shale  formation,  near  the  base  of  the  South 
Mountain,  is  a  belt  of  calcareous  conglomerate  resembling  the  famous  variegated 
Potomac  marble,  and  presenting,  when  finely  polished,  a  most  beautiful  appear- 
ance. This  rock,  when  burned,  produces  an  impure  but  strong  kind  of  lime, 
more  suitable  as  a  fertilizer  than  for  making  mortar. 

There  are  also  isolated  outcrops  of  limestone  in  Huntington  and  Latimore 
Townships,  near  York  Springs;  in  Franklin  Township,  near  Hilltown  and  Cash- 
town,  as  also  at  a  point  about  midway  between  Arendtsville  and  Mummasburg; 
in  Hamiltonban  Township,  near  Fairfield:  at  all  of  which  places  quarries  have 
been  worked  for  many  years. 

Granite.  — Among  the  crystalline  rocks  of  economic  value,  such  as  constitute  a 
laro-e  part  of  the  geological  formation  of  this  county,  granite,  or  syenite,  as  it  may 
be  more  correctly  called,  is  perhaps  the  most  useful.  Wolfs  Hill,  Gulp's  Hill, 
Big  Round  Top,  Little  Pound  Top,  and  Houck's  Ridge,  of  which  Devil's  Den 
forms  a  projecting  spur,  furnish  a  supply  of  this  rock  that  is  practically  inex- 
haustible. This  rock,  however  massive  and  unbroken  it  may  appear,  has  a  ten- 
dency to  divide  more  easily  in  certain  directions  than  in  others,  and  is  traversed 
by  parallel  seams,  separating  readily  into  blocks  more  or  less  symmetrical.  It 
is  a  rock  of  great  durability — hard  and  compact,  and  the  finer  varieties  of  it 
are  susceptible  of  a  good  polish.  It  is  easily  split  into  blocks  of  any  size  by 
a  very  simple  process.  These  blocks,  thus  quarried  or  split  out,  are  conveyed 
to  the  granite  yards,  of  which  there  are  three  in  Gettysburg,  where  they  are 
dressed  and  otherwise  prepared  for  the  manifold  uses  to  which  they  may  be  put. 
Besides  being  used  largely  for  building  purposes,  native  granite  is  much  used 
for  monuments  and  tablets  to  mark  positions  on  the  battle-field. 

Mr.  Solomon  Powers,  who  died  in  Gettysburg  in  1883,  opened  the  first  gran- 
ite quarry  and  dressed  the  first  granite  in  this  section  some  time  during  the  year 
1838.  About  his  first  work  was  to  build  one  of  the  durable  granite  bridges 
on  the  ' '  Tapeworm' '  Railroad.  Granite  is  found  in  other  localities  in  the 
county  besides  those  mentioned,  but  the  bowlders  are  generally  too  small  to  be 
worked  to  advantage. 

Sand, — The  disintegration  and  decomposition  of  the  syenitic  rocks  in  the 
vicinity  of  Gettysburg  have  produced  immense  deposits  of  an  excellent  quality  of 
yellow  sand  niuch  used  for  building  piu-poses.  This  disintegration  has  been  re- 
ferred for  its  cause  to  sulphurous  acid,  vapors,  supposed  to  be  produced  by 
decomposition  of  the  pyritous  ores  which  the  rock  often  contains.  The  action 
of  water  and  air  may  be  sufficient  to  remove  the  potash  of  the  feldspar,  and 
thus  cause  the  rock  to  disintegrate. 


jrftr^CX-  &£a*.^ 


z> 


BISTOBY  OF  «J)AMS  COUNTY.  ;'' 

THE    SOUTH    HOI  M  UN. 

This  mountain,  which  Eorms  the  western  boundary  of  the  county,  separa 
Km  it  from  Franklin  and  Cumberland  Counties,  is  a  range  beautiful  m  aU  its 
wonderful  variety  of  outlines  and  magnificent  scenery,  as  also  m  all  its  drear 
monotoni  and  desolation.  Tins  mountain  range,  once  covered  with  a  rich 
Bad  dense  growth  of  forest  trees,  is  now  largelj  denuded  of  its  primeval  treasures 
of  timber  This  denudation  of  mountain  forests  is  due,  inameasure,  to  the 
wholesale  and  often  wanton  destruction  of  timber  by  the  woodman  s  ax;  but  in 
a  ,n,„.h  [arger  measure  this  "abomination  of  desolation  is  caused  by  the 
great  fires  thai  periodically  sweep  over  the  mountains,  leaving  hideous  scars 
behind  them,  to  mark  the  track  ofthe  devastating  fiend.  Sometimes  pnesees, 
for  miles  a,ul  miles,  the  ground  covered  with  the  charred  and  prostrate  trunks 

of  once  Lordh  trees.     Great  loftj  p -  and  oaks,  whoso  stems  are  blackened 

from  the  roots  upward  as  high  as  the  fire  has  reached-huge  distorted  and 
d58fiffnxed,standgloomilyabovetheirmoldenn-lnetlnvn.tlnHrhack  skeletons 
extending  their  dead  ami  broken  arms,  in  mute  testimony  of  lost  grace  and 
l,ea,.n  Nothing  could  be  more  desolate  than  these  "  burnings,  as  they  are 
called  Thej  present  an  aspect  of  such  utter,  hopeless  dreariness,  and  such 
complete  and  painful  solitude,  as  one  might  imagine  to  exist  only  within  the 
frozen  circle  of  the  Arctic. 

The  forest  incendiary  ought  to  be  universally  regarded  as  a  common  enemy, 
like  the  poisoner  of  a  spring  or  well,  recklessly  destroying  that  which  it  is  to 
the  interest  of  all  to  preserve. 

THE     "BARRENS. " 

It  is  a  matter  of  pretty  well  authenticated  tradition  that  when  the  eastern 
portion  of  the  county,  known  as  the  '-Barrens,"  was  first  settled  by  whites, 
about  the  year  L729,  the  ground  was  almost  entirely  destitute  of  large  timber. 
Only  dwarf  trees  and  low  underbrush  could  be  seen  for  miles.  This  treeless 
condition  of  the  country  was  caused,  it  is  said,  by  the  burning  of  the  timber 
and  undergrowth  every  few  years,  to  facilitate  the  hunting  operations  of  the 
Indians  in  consequence  this  treeless  waste  received  the  name  "Barrens, 
which  name  it  has  ever  since  retained.  After  white  settlers  occupied  the  soil 
these  conflagrations  ceased,  the  open  country  becoming  in  the  course  of  time 
well  timbered,  magnificent  forests  of  oak,  hickory  and  chestnut  standing  where 
ly  there  was  only  barrenness.  . 

Th  i  same  is  said  to  be  true  concerning  a  large  scope  of  country  lying  nortii- 
ward  of  Gettysburg.  It  is  claimed  by  the  Gilliland  family  that  when  their 
ancestors  first  settTed  near  Opossum  Creek,  that  whole  country  was  covered 
with  luxuriant,  wild  low-tree  growths.  It  is  said  that  from  the  rid^eon  the(  ol.ean 
farm-  north  of  Gettysburg,  deer  were  frequently  seen  to  jump  over  the  low 
brush  growing  between  the  point  of  observation  and  Rock  Creek,  II  the  tra- 
dition is  well  Eounded  most  of  the  magnificent  forests  now  to  be  seen  in  that 
region  must  have  grown  since. 

DESTRUCTION  OF  FORESTS. 

The  fact  has  been  pretty  well  established  that  the  destruction  of  forests 
and  the  clearing  of  land,  which  have  been  going  on  rapidly  in  the  countj  dur 
in"  the  la-;  fifty  year-  or  more,  have  affected  the  rainfall  and  climate  unfavor- 
able It  is  maintained  that  air  and  earth  undergo  considerable  change  when 
laud  is  cleared  of  its  timber:  first,  from  the  ground  being  exposed  to  the  sun  s 

ravs  which  cause  the  waters  t raporate  m  irerapidly;  second,  by  lessening  the 

quantity  and  duration  of  snow:   and  third,  by  introducing  warm  winds  through 
the  opening  made.      That  the  size  of  most  if  not  all  the  streams  in  the  county 


52  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

has  greatly  diminished  within  that  length  of  time  admits  of  no  doubt.  There 
are  people  now  living  who  remember  when  the  average  volume  of  water  in 
them  was  twice  what  it  is  now.  There  is  also  abundant  evidence  to  be  found 
along  the  water-courses  to  demonstrate  the  fact.  Many  springs,  too,  have  per- 
cejitibly  weakened  within  the  memory  of  persons  not  very  old,  and  some  have 
disappeared  altogether.  To  the  patriotic  the  lesson  is  obvious.  All  efforts  to 
stay  the  needless  destruction  of  timber,  and  which  have  for  their  object  the 
restoration,  either  by  natural  or  artificial  means,  of  the  forest  growth  of  lands 
thus  denuded  should  receive  due  encouragement. 

STREAMS. 

The  largest  stream  in  the  county  is  the  Conowago,  which  has  its  source  in 
the  South  Mountain,  near  the  line  dividing  Adams  from  Franklin.  It  drains 
a  large  extent  of  country.  Its  principal  tribiitaries  are  Opossum  Creek,  Plum 
Run  and  Miley'  s  Eun  from  the  north ;  and  Beaver  Dam  Run,  Swift  Run,  Lit- 
tle Conowago,  Pine  Run,  Deep  Run  and  Beaver  Creek  from  the  south.  The 
spring  from  which  it  takes  its  rise  is  near  the  southern  end  of  Buchanan  Valley, 
flowing  just  to  the  northeast,  then  to  the  southeast  through  the  ' '  Narrows' ' 
west  of  Arendtsville;  thence  its  general  course  is  eastward  until  it  reaches  a 
point  where  Reading,  Mountpleasant  and  Hamilton  Townships  meet,  and 
where  it  is  joined  by  the  Little  Conowago,  when  it  courses  to  the  northeast, 
entering  York  County  at  East  Berlin. 

Marsh  Creek,  the  second  stream  in  size  and  importance,  rises  near  the  base 
of  Green  Ridge,  in  Franklin  Township,  about  two  miles  south  of  the  Cham- 
bersburg  pike.  Its  general  course  is  southward  to  the  Maryland  line  where, 
after  being  joined  by  North  Branch,  Muinrnasburg  Run,  Stahle's  Run,  Little 
Marsh  Creek,  Willoughby's  Run,  besides  other  smaller  streams,  it  unites  with 
Rock  Creek  and  forms  the  Monocacy.  North  Branch,  or  Lost  Creek,  is  a  most 
interesting  stream.  It  rises  in  the  mountains  some  three  miles  northwest  of 
Cashtown,  and  after  flowing  a  short  distance  it  disappears  froni  view  for  more 
than  a  mile,  during  which  distance  its  course  can  be  easily  traced  by  the  gurg- 
ling and  rushing  of  the  water  below  the  surface.  "Willoughby's  Run  rises  near 
Goldenville,  in  Butler  Township,  and  is  interesting  because  of  its  historic  asso- , 
ciations  in  connection  with  the  battle  of  Gewysburg.  Rock  Creek  rises  in  the 
vicinity  of  Hunterstown  and,  after  pursuing  a  tortuous  course  and  receiving 
many  tributaries,  unites  with  Marsh  Creek  at  the  Maryland  line.  It  also  played 
an  important  part  in  the  great  battle.  Middle  Creek  rises  along  the  eastern 
slopes  of  Green  Ridge,  in  Hamiltonban  Township,  about  two  miles  east  of 
Caledonia  Springs.  It  flows  southeast,  passes  near  Fairfield,  after  which  it 
courses  to  the  south.  One  of  its  principal  affluents  is  Muddy  Run,  which  also 
has  its  source  in  the  South  Mountain  eastward  of  the  headwaters  of  Middle 
Creek.  White  Run  rises  in  the  neighborhood  of  Bonneauville,  and  after  being 
joined  by  Plum  Run,  unites  with  Rock  Creek  about  a  mile  south  of  the  Balti- 
more pike,  in  Mountjoy  Township.  Little' s  Run  has  its  beginning  in  the  fields 
and  woods  east  of  Bonneauville,  and  finds  its  way  into  Rock  Creek  near  Black' s 
lower  grave-yard.  The  Bermudian  rises  in  Cumberland  County,  near  the 
boundary  line,  and  flows  through  Tyrone,  Huntington  and  Latimore  Town- 
ships into  York  County  near  Bragtown.  Latimore  Creek  also  rises  in  Cumber- 
land County,  flowing  in  a  southerly  direction,  and  finds  its  way  into  the  Ber- 
mudian near  Bragtown. 

Opossum  Creek  rises  near  the  northern  boundary  of  the  county  in  Menal- 
len  Township,  and  empties  into  the  Conowago  in  Butler  Township.  Little 
Conowago  rises  in  the  "Barrens,"  about  five  miles  east  of  Littlestown,  pursu- 
ing a  winding  course,  and  flowing  into  the  Big  Conowago  a  couple  of  miles 


BISTORT  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY.  :,:; 

weal  of  New  Oxford.      Little  Marsh  Creek  rises  Dear  the  foot  of  Green  Ridge, 
;  ip,  about  three  miles  east  of  Caledonia  Sp 

lireotion,  emptj  ing  into  Big  Marsh  Creek  nei 
..  northeastern  pari   of   Eighland  Township,      Miley's  Eun 
in  Read         |  dip,  flows  south  a  Ee-w  miles,  and  empties  into  the  Conowago 

Berlin.     Swift  Run  rises  in  Mountpleasant,  and  in  its  course  re 
oeives  Brush   Run,  flowing  into   Big  Conowago.      Deep    Run   rises  in  Berwick 
and  also  finds  its  waj  into  the  Conowago.      Beaver  Creek  lakes  its 
he   Pigeon   Bills,  flowing  northward,  and  discharging  its  waters  into 
Big  Conowago  near  East  Berlin.     Alloway's  Creek  rises  in  Germany  Township 
and  flows   in  a  southwesterly  direction  into  Maryland.     Tom's  Creek  has  its 
source  in  the  mountains  in  the  southwestern  corner  of  Bamiltonban  Township, 
and  crosses  the  State  line  into  Marj  land  aboul  two  miles  west  of  Bmmittsburg, 
receiving  Mine]  Creek   as  an  affluent   near  Grayson's,  in   Liberty  Township. 
The  Antietam,   a    large  stream    in    Maryland,   along   the    banks   of    which   a 
oughl   between    McClellan  and   Lee  in  1862,  takes  its  rise  at 
"Caledonia  Springs,"  two  fine  springs  of  verj  cool,  fresh  wain-,  in  the  western 
pari  of  Hamiltonban  Township. 

EXEVA  [TONS. 

For  the  following  data  we  are  indebted  to  the  gentlemen  of  the  second 
■al  survey,  as  embraced  in  their  report.      The  figures  are  taken   from  a 
map  prepared  b}   Prof.  A.  E.  Lehman,  assistant,  geologist,  and  show  the  eleva- 
111  feel  above  the  sea  level: 
Cashtown,   800;  Rock   Top,    1,210;  highest  point  on  Chambersburg  pike, 
Newman's.    1,440;    Newman's.     1,355;    Graeffenburg,    1,020;    Widow 
Brough's,  845;  Billtown,  780;  Francis  Cole's,  890;  Arendt's  Mill,   780;  James 
n's,  on  Caledonia  Springs  road,  L, 320 ;  Caledonia  Springs,  1,450;  high- 
est point  on  Caledonia  Springs  road,  three-fourths  of  a  mile  east  of  Springs, 
1,770;  highest  point  on  Green  Eidge,  two  miles  south  of  Chambersburg  pike, 
i  on  Gettysburg  and  Shippensburg  road,  near  county  line, 
2,100;    highest    point    on    South    Mountain,    near    Caledonia    Springs,    '2,110. 
(.'enter  Square,  in  Gettysburg,  is  535  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

SI   INEKY. 

Adams  Cmnty  has  much  to  boast  in  the  matter  of  beautiful  scenery.  No 
natural  in    the   world   surpasses  that  which  the  spectator  beholds 

when.  -  a  the  crest  of  Cemetery  Hill,  he  looks  down  upon  the  broad 

expanse  of  held,  meadow  and  woodland,  doited  with  farm-houses  and  barns, 
the  deep  red  of  the  newly  turned-up  soil  in  strong  contrast  with  the  verdure 
of  growing  crops  and  magnificent  groves,  and  the  whole  landscape  bounded 
bj  the  outside  mountain  wall  as  far  as  the  eye  can  reach. 

]\  less  picturesque  and  grand  is  the  view  to  be  had  from  the  summit 

of  a  lofty  mountain  about  a  mile  east  of  Caledonia  Springs,  in  Hamiltonban 

Township.      The  prospect  which  here  spreads  out  before  the  eye  in  every  di- 

i-   truly  sublime.      From  several  elevated  points   in  the  l'igeon  Hills 

id  beautiful  views  may  also  he  had. 

TREES    AND    SHRUBS. 

The  forests  of  the  county  are  noted  for  the  variety,  beauty  and  value  of 
their  trees.  Among  the  most  common  may  be  mentioned  the  oak,  hickory, 
chestnut,  walnut,  elm,  gum,  birch,  beech,  pine,  sycamore,  poplar,  hemlock, 
tulip,    cedar,    map'  od,    iron  wood    and  many  others.      Some  of  these 

tree-  bear  conspicuous   flowers.     One  of  the  finest  of  these  is  the  tulip-tree, 


54  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

belonging  to  the  magnolia  family.  It  grows  ordinarily  to  the  height  of  eighty 
feet,  with  a  perfectly  straight  and  round  trunk,  often  three  feet  in  diameter  at 
its  base,  gracefully  tapering  to  the  top.  Its  leaves  are  dark  green  in  color  and 
smooth  to  the  touch,  and  look  as  though  the  tips  had  been  cut  off  with  a  sharp 
knife.  It  blossoms  in  May  and  June,  and  bears  many  brilliant  flowers,  green- 
ish-yellow without  and  orange  within.  The  flowers  are  similar  in  shape  to 
that  of  the  garden  tulip. 

Another  flowering  tree  is  the  dog-wood.  It  grows  to  the  height  of  ten  or 
twelve  feet,  and  is  attractive  only  when  in  bloom.  Its  large,  beautiful  white 
flowers  with  dark  veins  give  the  tree  a  very  fine  appearance. 

Still  another  beautiful  flowering  tree  sometimes  met  with  in  the  woods  is 
the  red-bud,  or  Judas-tree,  so  called  because  of  an  old  tradition  to  the  effect 
that  Judas,  the  betrayer  of  the  Saviour,  hung  himself  on  one  of  these. 

There  are  also  a  number  of  flowering  shrubs  to  be  met  with  in  the  woods, 
especially  in  the  mountains.  Among  the  most  beautiful  of  these  is  the  laurel. 
This  shrub  grows  to  the  height  of  from  two  to  twelve  feet,  and  when  in  bloom, 
in  May  and  June,  presents  a  singularly  attractive  appearance.  The  rhododen- 
dron is  also  a  flowering  shrub,  a  little  taller  and  steins  more  crooked  than  the 
lam-el,  though  bearing  a  close  resemblance  to  it.  It  flowers  in  July  and  Au- 
gust, and  when  in  full  bloom  is  very  pretty. 

FISH. 

The  number  of  varieties  of  fish  found  in  the  streams  is  not  large.  Among 
the  most  important  may  be  mentioned  black  bass,  German  carp,  fall-fish,  mul- 
let, pike,  black  or  spotted  sucker,  white  sucker,  cat-fish,  eel,  sun-fish,  brook 
trout,  chub,  horn-fish,  minnow  and  stone-roller.  Black  bass,  brook  trout,  lake 
trout  and  California  salmon  were  introduced  into  Conowago  and  Marsh  Creeks 
some  eight  or  ten  years  ago  under  State  auspices,  but  with  the  exception  of 
black  bass  the  experiment  was  not  successful.  Lake  trout  and  California  sal- 
mon seem  to  have  disappeared  entirely.  Not  a  single  specimen  of  either  is 
known  to  have  been  caught  at  any  time.  Brook  trout  are  yet  occasionally  to 
be  found  in  some  of  the  mountain  streams.  Black  bass  have  increased  very 
rapidly  in  numbers,  and  now  the  two  streams  into  which  they  were  introduced 
are  well  stocked  with  them.  Fine  specimens  weighing  from  three  to  five  pounds 
are  frequently  taken  with  hook  and  line,  the  only  mode  of  fishing  allowable 
under  existing  laws.  The  number  of  fish  is  steadily  decreasing  notwithstand- 
ing the  legislation  designed  for  their  protection.  This  is  owing  probably  to 
the  gradual  drying  up  of  the  streams,  to  the  high  temperature  of  the  water 
during  the  heats  of  summer  caused  by  the  disappearance  of  shade  along  the 
banks?  and  the  scarcity  of  shelter.  A  private  fish  pond  owned  by  Mr.  Joseph 
Wolf,  of  Abbottstown,  was  a  few  years  ago  stocked  with  German  carp,  and 
the  enterprise  promises  to  be  successful.  Mr.  William  Wible,  of  Cumberland 
Township,  also  has  a  private  fish  pond  containing  some  fine  specimens  of  Ger- 
man carp. 

BIRDS. 

The  birds  of  the  county  are  not  very  numerous.      The  following  is  a  list : 

Wild  Turkey.— Black  Eagle.  Gray  Eagle,  Bald  Eagle.— Hawks  (6  varieties),  Great  Northern  Shrike.  Tur- 
key Buzzard  Turkev  Trow  -Owls  Hi  varieties,  including  Snow  Owl).— Pheasant.  Partridge,  Woodcock,  English 
Snipe  Inland  Plover  Golden  Plover,  Bull  Plover,  Rail  (2  varieties).  Reed  Bird,  Wild  Pigeon,  Turtle  Dove.— 
1,-irVBIuo  Crane  Heron  Willct  Yellow  shanks  American  Bittern,  Sand  Piper.  King  Fisher.— Wild  Goose.— 
Red"  Ili-ul  Hack  'Mallard  Duck,  Blue  Wing  Teal,  Spoonbill,  Sprig  Tail,  Wood  Duck,  Summer  Duck,  Loon  l'2 
varieties  —Wren  c'hipneu  Tom  Tit,  English  Sparrow,  Indigo,  Pee  Woet,  Martin  Bee  Martin,  Blue  Bird, 
c'hiiunev  Swallow  I'.arn  Swallow.  Bank  Swallow.  Cow  or  Redwinged  Black,  Crow  Black  Bird,  Bell  Bird,  Rain 
Bird—  Moekin-  Bird  I  it  Bird,  Thrush,  Robin,  Meadow  Lark,  Goldfinch,  Golden  Robin  or  Baltimore  Oriole. 
Bull-finch  Cardinal  or  tiros  Beak,  Yellow  or  Salad  Bird  —  WhippoorwiU, Bull  Bat, Common  Bat.— WoodchuCK, 
Wood  Pecker,  Yellow  Hammer  or  Flicker.  Sap  Sucker  (3  varieties). 


BISTORT  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY.  55 


CHAPTER  XL 

Roads    Turnpikes    Railroad — Baltimore  &  EJanover  Railroad    Gettys- 
..  \  Harrisburg  Road    The  Old  "Tape  Worm"  Link. 

FOE  man;  years  there  were  no  roads  for  transportation  or  travel,  except  a 
species  of  paths  and  ways  through  the  Eorests  and  across  the  unbridged 
streams  used  Eor  the  trams  of  pack  horses,  on  which  all  transportation  to  Balti- 
more and  other  markets  was  then  carried  on.  There  were  men  who  had  their 
regular  train  of  horses,  each  horse  carrying  aboirl  250  poundsweight;  the  head 
horse  was  belled,  and  one  man  riding  in  front  and  one  in  the  rear  controlled 
the  caravan.  These  earlj  freighters  violently  opposed  the  building  of  roads, 
I  -  it  would  destroy  their  business. 

The  first  road  opened  in  Adams  County  was  in  L742,  when  two  petitions 
were  sent  up  by  the  citizens  of  Marsh  (reek  settlement  (Gettysburg)  and 
vicinity.  William  Ruddock,  Richard  Proctor,  John  Sharp,  Benjamin  Cham- 
bers  and  James  Haddock  were  appointed  to  view  and  lay  out  a  road  from  the 
settlement  to  York  and  Lancaster.  It  was  opened  and  corresponded  very 
aearlj  to  the  route  of  the  <  lettysburg  it  York  Pike. 

It  was  yet  to  be  more  than  half  a  century  before  there  would  be  any  mails 
carried  t<>  this  portion  of  the  country.  In  1683  the  colonial  governors  began 
to  establish  post  routes  in  this  State,  Penn  paying  employes  a  commission  there- 
for. Letters  to  this  part  of  the  world,  however,  were  carried  by  travelers  and 
chance  traders.  But  a  more  complete  account  of  these  matters  will  be  found 
in  the  chapter  on  "postoffices." 

Turnpikes. — The  Gettysburg  &  Petersburg  Turnpike  road  was  chartered 
March  7.  1807.  An  organization  was  effected,  with  Alexander  Cobean,  president 
The  managers  were  Alexander  Russell,  Walter  Smith,  Peter  Saunders,  Thomas 
Sweeny,  Philip  Bishop,  Andrew  Shriver;  treasurer,  Alex  Dobbin.  In  Sep- 
tember.  L808,  notice  fur  bids  to  construct  the  road  were  published. 

The  Gettysburg  &  Black's  Tavern  Turnpike  was  chartered  and  organized 
in  1M1.  The  first  commissioners  were  John  Edie,  "William  Hamilton,  Will- 
iam BIcFherson,  Samuel  Sloan,  Mathew  Longwell,  James  Black.  The  meet- 
ing to  elect  officers  was  held  in  Gettysburg  May  28,  1M  I. 

L  June,  L809,  Ralph  Lashells  started  a  hack  line  from  Gettysburg  to 
York  Sulphur  Springs,  leaving  Gettysburg  Monday  and  returning  Wednesday. 

The  turnpike  from  Gallinhas'  saw-mill  in  this  county  to  Chambersburg 
was  chartered  in  L809,  and  the  company  was  organized  in  May  following. 

The  Gettysburg  &  York  Pike  road  was  organized  1804.  At  first  it  was 
the  York  &  Susquehanna  road,  and  in  1811  the  provisions  of  the  act  were 
extended  to  the  ?orli  .V  Gettysburg  road  Jacob  Cassat,  Jacob  Halm  and 
Jacob  Metzger  were  the  commissioners  to  report  concerning  the  building  of  it. 
The  road  was  only  completed  December  15.  1819.  May  2,  1818,  an 
election  of  the  first  officers  was  held  in  Abottetown;  president,  Alexander 
Cobean;  treasurer.  George  1  pp.  secretary,  Alexander  Russell;  managers, 
William  McPherson,  George  Hassler,  John  Hersh,  Fredrick  Baugher.  Jacob 
Smyser  (tanner),  Jacob  Smyser  (farmer),  Thomas  Eichelberger,  Henry    Wolf, 


56  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

Henry  King,  Peter  Butt,  George  Dashiells  and  John  Murphy.  Jacob  Spangler 
made  the  survey.  There  were  two  toll-gates  in  York  and  two  in  Adams  County. 
1  It  t  i  I  roads.  —The  first  survey  of  the  Hanover  &  Littlestown  Railroad  was  made 
by  Civil  Engineer  J.  S.  Gift,  in  November,  1855.  A  charter  was  soon  after  re- 
ceived. On  the  4th  of  July,  1857.  the  work  of  construction  was  begun  at  Littles- 
town.  A  speech  was  made  by  William  McSherry,  the  president  of  the  rail- 
road, and  two  bands  discoursed  fine  music.  After  a  bounteous  repast  in  a  grove, 
near  by,  other  speeches  were  made  and  the  work  started.  The  completion  of 
the  road  was  celebrated  just  one  year  from  the  time  of  beginning.  It  joined 
the  Hanover  Branch  at  Hanover,  and  the  first  trains  were  run  on  July  1,  1858. 
This  road  was  operated  for  a  number  of  years  after  its  completion  by  the 
Hanover  Branch  Railroad  until  its  lease  by  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad.  It 
now  forms  a  part  of  the  Frederick  Division  of  that  railroad. 

Baltimore  &  Hanover  Railroad. — The  company  which  controls  and  oper- 
ates this  road  was  organized  in  the  year  1877.  It  connects  the  Western  Mary- 
land Railroad  at  Einory  Grove  with  the  Bachman  Valley  Railroad  near  Black 
Rock  Station,  in  York  County,  and  these  constitute,  with  the  Hanover  Junc- 
tion, Hanover  &  Gettysburg  Railroad,  a  continuous  line  from  Baltimore  to 
Gettysburg.  These  lines  of  roads  pass  through  a  well  cultivated,  rich  and 
productive  agricultural  country.  After  leaving  Emory  Grove  on  the  line  of 
the  Western  Maryland  Railroad,  seventeen  miles  from  Baltimore,  the  road  grad- 
ually ascends,  running  parallel  with  and  in  close  proximity  to  the  Hanover  & 
Baltimore  Turnpike.  One  great  point  gained  to  the  southwestern  end  of  York 
County  by  the  building  of  the  Baltimore  &  Hanover  and  the  Bachman  Yalley 
Railroads,  was  that  they  opened  up  a  section  of  country  in  which  the  soil  is 
susceptible  of  being  highly  improved  by  the  application  of  fertilizers,  especially 
lime  and  phosphates.  The  facilities  thus  offered  for  their  introduction  at  a 
moderate  cost  were  promptly  availed  of  by  the  industrious  and  enterprising 
farmers,  the  results  of  which  are  now  shown  in  crops  which  compare  favorably 
with  those  raised  in  limestone  land.  A  short  line  taps  this  road  at  Red  Hill, 
running  north  by  east  through  Abbottstown  and  teiminating  at  East  Berlin. 

Gettysburg  &  Harrisburg  Road. — This  fcow  elegant  railroad  from  Gettys- 
burg to  Harrisburg  was  completed  in  April,  188-4.  It  had  been  built  some 
years  previously  to  the  southern  part  of  Cumberland  County,  and  was  originally 
intended  to  run  only  to  the  Pine  Grove  Mines,  but  the  growing  importance  and 
the  needs  of  Adams  County  soon  made  it  a  necessity  to  extend  it  to  this  place. 
The  opening  was  duly  celebrated  July  4.  1SS4.  by  an  ox-roast  and  picnic  at 
Round  Top  Park,  under  the  auspices  of  Col.  John  H.  McClellan,  who  contrib- 
uted the  fatted  ox,  and  provided  for  the  multitude.  Dr.  Kiefer  was  the  orator 
of  the  day. 

The  Old  '■'■Tape  Worm"  Line  was  commenced  to  be  built  in  1835,  under  the 
State  auspices.  The  era  of  internal  improvements  then  ran  all  over  our  coun- 
try, and  nearly  bankrupted  many  States.  It  was  originally  intended  as  a  road 
to  start  at  Gettysburg,  and  bearing  southwest  to  somewhere  strike  the  Baltimore 
&  Ohio  Road.  Thaddeus  Stevens  stood  as  godfather  a  long  time  to  this  enter- 
prise, as  it  was  to  run  to  his  furnaces  in  Franklin  County.  The  State  made 
appropriations  and  work  commenced  all  along  the  line  in  this  county  and 
beyond.  Cuts  were  made  and  embankments  thrown  up.  The  State  stopped 
appropriations,  and  practically  to  this  day  the  work  on  the  road  stopped.  Two 
years  ago  it  passed  into  the  hands  of  the  Hanover  road,  and  they  have  now  com- 
pleted it  to  eight  "miles  west  from  Gettysburg,  and  will  soon  extend  it  on  an  inter- 
section of  the  western  Maryland  Railroad.  This  will  add  greatly  to  the  ship 
•    ping  facilities  of  Adams  County. 


histort  of  ai'ams  cototy*.  ">7 


CHAPTER  XII. 

Customs    \m>   Manners    Distinct  Streams  of  Immigrants— Industry  and 
Religion    Getting    \    Start— Their  Commerce— Receptions    [mprovi 

MIS  1-. 

ALREADY  wo  have  traced  settlements  in  this  county  as  far  back  as  17:14. 
It  was  tli''  meresl  chance  that  threw  in  our  way  the  authentic  records  of 

this  date  and  who  it  was  thai  came  that  year.      Possibly  there  may  have  1 a  set 

flora  bare   before  that,  a    short  time,  hut  then'  is   not  in  the  world,  so  far  as  we 

can  le  •  of  eviden f  this  fact,  and  now  there  is  no  tradition. 

This  much  is  history.      There  came   her,,  four  separate  and  distinct  streams 

of   immigrants,  and  each  one  pushed  its  separate  «a\    into  the  wilderness  about 

me   time.       The_\-    were   as    distinct    upon   their    first  coming    as    it   was 

fur  communities  well  to  he.      The  Irish,  the,  Dutch,  the  Germans  and 

ae  three   broad  divisions  that  mark  these  separate  people. 

The  Dutch  and  Irish  were  Calvinists  in  religion,  and  this  was  largely  the  only 

bond  of  affinity  hot  ween  them.      The  Quakers  were  the  English,  and  such  odds 

ds  of  nationalities  as  existed  here  at  the  first.  Then  there  were  the  Cath 
olics,  coming  up  from  Maryland,  Although  the  Penns  were  Quakers,  yet  they 
seem  to  have  been  wholly  impartial  in  the  bestowal  of  lands  and  rights  upon 
people  of  any  and  all  faiths  and  creeds.  They  had  been  just  and  liberal  to  the 
Indians,  and  they  seem  to  have  carried  out  this  broad  catholic  spirit  toward  all 
mankind  that  sought  the  shelter  of  their  protecting  wings.  Considering  the 
religious  spirit  of  the  age.  the  universal  intolerance  and  bigotry  that  prevailed 
ii  admire  the  generous  greatness  of  the  action  of  these  pro- 
prietaries of  the  province.  They  must  have  acted  without  precedent  in  the 
face  of  settled  conclusions  bj  the  world's  rulers  at  that  time,  and  yet  their  con 
duct  is  a  model  that  ma]  still  he  closely  followed,  and  it  is  a  pity  that  the 
blooms  thepreseni  great  century,  that  is  so  rapidly  closing,  have  not 

vet  re:>  non  humanity' s  misfortune,  the  high  level  of  liberality 

that  here  marked  an  age  that  we  have  taught  ourselves  to  regard  as  only  half 
emerging,  in  many  respects,  from  the  dark  and  gloomy  days  of  semi-barbarism. 
There  was  apparently  no  connecting  link  in  the  coming  hereof  these  Sep 
arate  streams,  Bach  had  been  moved  by  its  own  volition,  and  pursued  in  par- 
allel r<  i  hen  must  have  been  a  dark  and  devious  way.  The  Quakers 
came  sparingly  only  into  what  is  now  the  northeast  part  of  the  county.  The 
Irish  and  Dutch,  and  that  scattering  class  that  made  up  the  remainder  of  the 
first  settlers,  had  behind  them  a  stronger  propelling  power,  ami  they  soon  over 
ran  the  county. 

\-  early  as   1749,  while  this  was  still  a  part  of  Lancaster  County,  we  find 

in  all    portions   of  what  is  now  Adams  County.      To  indicate  beyond  all 

doubt  the  nationality  in  each    pari   ■•(   the  county,   we   give  the  following   names 

of  representative  men.  These  are  tin'  names  of  men  who  were  known  to  the 
authorities  at  Lancaster.  We  gather  this  official  information  from  the  archives 
at  the  capital.  They  were  appointed,  upon  the  formation  of  York  County,  ae 
the  overseers  of  the  poor,  as  follows:  Tyrone,  Robert  Mdlvain  and  Finley 
McGrew:  Strabane,  David  Turner  and  James  Stevenson;  Menallen,  John  Gilli- 


58  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

land  and  John  Lawrence;  Cumberland,  John  McFarren  and  David  Porter; 
Hamiltonban,  James  Agnew  and  William  Waugh;  Mountjoy,  James  Hunter  and 
William  Gibson;  Germany,  Jacob  Koontz  and  Peter  Little;  Mountpleasant, 
William  Black  and  Alexander  McCarter ;  Heidelberg,  Peter  Schultz  and  Andrew 
Shriver  (Schreiber) ;  Berwick,  Casper  Weiser  and  George  Baker. 

The  records  show  that  these  townships  were  formed  as  early  as  1750,  and 
at  that  time  the  York  County  authorities  made  these  appointments. 

They  were,  all  classes,  a  distinct  and  marked  race  of  men.  They  nearly  all 
were  fugitives  from  religious  persecution  in  the  Old  World.  They  had  been 
hunted  across  the  face  of  the  earth  with  a  relentless  ferocity.  Their  progeni- 
tors were,  in  nearly  every  instance,  a  race  of  men  that  was  ever  ready  for 
martyrdom  for  conscience  sake,  and  the  warring  elements  in  which  they  had  been 
born  and  nurtured  had  fully  developed  their  natures  into  the  fiercest  elements 
of  heart  and  brain.  For  the  slightest  shade  of  a  religious  opinion  they  were 
ever  ready  to  defy  the  powers  of  man,  and,  if  necessary,  without  a  cringe  offer 
up  their  lives,  go  to  the  rack,  the  dungeon,  the  pillory,  the  stake  or  the  block. 
Mostly,  the  immigrants  who  came  here  were  of  such  a  race  as  we  have  described. 
Then  when  we  reflect  that  the  children  born  of  such  a  parentage  had  met  in 
their  native  homes  such  an  agony  of  cruelties,  such  shocking  and  destructive 
persecutions,  it  is  to  us  almost  inconceivable  how  prolonged  and  cruel  it  must 
have  been  to  driVe  them  to  this  new,  strange  world.  Thus  equipped  for  the 
great  work  before  them,  here  they  came.  They  came  seeking  peace  and  quiet, 
freedom  of  person,  and,  most  important  of  all,  freedom  to  worship  God  ex- 
actly as  they  pleased.  As  a  rule  they  were  very  poor  in  purse,  and,  among 
the  Dutch  and  Germans  especially,  many  of  them,  who  had  started  with  enough 
to  bring  them  in  comfort  to  our  shores,  had  been  cruelly  robbed  by  dishonest 
agents  and  assumed  friends.  Often  to  such  extent  was  this  the  case  that  upon 
landing  upon  our  shores  the  poor  creatures  found  themselves  in  the  clutches  of 
cormorants,  and  had  to  indenture  themselves,  and  become  almost  literally 
slaves  to  work  out  the  outrageous  claims  made  upon  them.  This  must  have 
been  quite  common,  as  we  judge  from  the  great  numbers  of  indentured  servants 
that  may  yet  be  found  traces  of  in  the  early  records.  We  are  aware  that  it  is 
true  that  some  of  these  had  agreed  to  thus  dispose  of  themselves  before  they 
had  left  the  Old  World  to  come  to  the  New,  as  this  was  the  only  possible  resource 
left  them  whereby  they  could  reach  this  promised  haven.  Hence,  while  at  the 
first  coming  all  were  poor,  yet  we  find  some  who  were,  just  as  we  find  people 
in  these  days  of  so-called  plenty,  incomparably  poorer  than  their  neighbors. 
They  not  only  had  nothing  literally,  but  there  was  a  mortgage  on  their  labor 
for  about  all  that  part  of  their  working  lives  that  could  be  made  to  yield  any- 
thing. 

Circumstances  drove  those  speaking  a  foreign  language  into  closer  colonies 
than  necessarily  it  did  the  English  speaking  people.  The  Dutch  especially 
were  driven  closely  within  themselves.  In  a  neighborhood  there  would  be  a 
very  few  that  could  speak  a  few  words  of  broken  English,  and  this  was  all. 

These  immigrants  landed  on  our  shores,  and  with  hardly  a  halt  began  to 
push  their  way  to  where  they  could  find  unoccupied  lands.  This  was  their 
first  subject  of  consideration,  and  here  they  stopped  as  soon  as  they  found  it.  In 
the  intensity  of  their  new  found  joys  of  freedom  and  land — land  that  they 
could  hope  to  own,  and  thus  fill  the  once  Utopian  dream  of  their  lives  of  being 
real  land  owners— it  is  hoped  they  forgot  the  repelling  features,  the  dangers 
and  gloom  that  otherwise  would  have  settled  upon  them  at  the  end  of  their 
long  journeys,  and  the  first  realizations  of  their  arrival  in  the  wilderness. 

Industry  and  Religion.  — These  were  the  strong  marks  of  all  the  early  settlers, 


HISTORY  (IF   ADAMS  COUNTY. 


61 


without  regard  to  race.  They  would  land,  sometimes,  one  wagon  to  several 
families  and  in  somo  instances,  there  was  wagon  room  enough  to  sleep  the 
women  and  children,  and  where  this  was  the  case,  the  arrangement  was  regarded 
as  ran  comfortable  indeed.  VThen  there  was  no  wagon  a  brush  tent  was  made, 
and  here  the  entire  family  housed  until  the  first  rude  eal>m  could  he  put  up. 
The  clapboard  cabin  once  np  and  the  elated  family  moved  in,  then,  aoorlessand 
doorlessas  it  was,  there  was  real.  Bolid  family  rejoicing.  It  was  the  lust  feel 
ing  of  triumphant  victory  over  their  long  days  of  doubt  and  sore  trial.  In- 
deed it  was  much  more— it  was  home.  It  was  their  world,  conquered  and 
wonbj  their  own  strong  arms  and  brave  hearts,  and  in  this  struggle  father, 
mother  and  all  the  children  had  partaken.  The  father  was  the  commanding 
oaptain  but  he  commanded  as  loyal  a  squad  as  was  ever  mustered  upon  this 
earth.  Bless  these  honest,  brave,  simple  folk!  They  gave  a  new  meaning, 
almosi  a  new  name,  to  that,  sweetest,  of  words  in  our   language      Home. 

The  descendants  of  these  brave  old  pioneers  who  are  so  fortunate  astopos- 
aess  to  this  day,  one  of  these  spots  where  the  smoke  of  the  first  cabin  of  their 
ancestors  rose  upon  the  unvexed  air,  may  well  regard  it  as  hallowed  ground. 

Once  housed  the  work  of  their  simple  lives  commenced.  Here  every  tod- 
dler even  contributed  all  he  could.  The  men  felled  the  trees,  the  women  and 
children  fathered  and  burned  the  brush,  and  to  this  general  outdoor  work 
there  was  but  slight  variation  in  the  way  of  time  used  by  the  women  in  cook- 
in-'  If  they  had  a  little  black  bread  and  cold  meat,  their  dinner  was  sumptu- 
ous indeed.  "  They  attacked  their  simple  fare  with  enormous  appetites.  Their 
outdoor  lives  gave  them  health  and  a  vigorous  digestion. 

In  the  midst  of  this  work-a-day  life  there  was  no  time  when  their  family 
worship  was  neglected.  Their  Bible  and  prayer-book  were  the  sum  of  their 
booka  to  read  The  old  hoard  bound  Bibles  were  thumbed  and  dog-eared  by 
hornv  hands,  and  the  religious  precepts  were  often  slowly  spelled  out,  and  the 
most  carping  critic,  had  he  witnessed  the  honest  sincerity,  would  have  forgot  - 
at  once  the  fearful  mispronunciations  that  must  have  passed  from  sire  to 
son  as  distinguishing  family  marks. 

Without  ever  stopping  to  rest  a  moment,  as  soon  as  there  were  half  a 
dozen  families  that  could  call  each  other  neighbors,  they  commenced  the  effort 
of  a  church  and  schoolhouse.  In  those  days  these*  were  always  one.  When 
the  first  fa-sing  preacher  would  visit  them  and  hold  service,  it  constituted  a 
greatevent,  agaladay.  They  called  him  blest,  and  lifted  up  their  hearts  in  joy. 
In  their  cheerless  log  meeting  houses  the  sermon  could  not  be  long  enough  for 
these  long-fasting  people.  It  could  not  be  too  dry  and  dogmatical.  They 
wair.  1  the  severest  morals  that  could  be  proclaimed  from  the  pulpit. 

To  them  the  Bible  was  the  literal  word  of  God  and  without  the  figure  of  spooch 
in  it.  They  believed  with  all  their  heart  and  soul,  and  believed  literally,  and 
then   at   their   hard  daily  toil  they  treasured  up  the   long  sermon  and   its 

division.-,  and  when    | pie   conversed   it    was   about  what   the  dear  preacher, 

that  God  had  sent  them,  had  said  on  this  point  of  doctrine  and  on  that.  The 
sum  total  of  their  ambition  was  to  be  good  citizens  and  live  in  the  hope  of 
leaven.  . 

The  parental  authority  was  unbending,  and  in  the  few  simple  arrangements 
of  their  lives  it  was  nearly  supreme.  This  was  but  another  manifestation  of 
their  full  to  overflowing  religious  sentiments.  And  when  they  read  in  their 
Bibles:  "Children,  be  obedient  to  your  parents,"  they  became  the  old  patri- 
archs, and  thus  the  command  was  not  only  a  filial  duty,  but  it  was  a  stern 
religious  obligation. 

They  were  without  other  diversions  and  amusements  except  their  unremit- 


62  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

ting  labors  in  the  field,  or  their  rare  opportunities  for  attendance  upon  church 
worship.  They  were  wholly  satisfied,  it  seems,  with  these.  By  the  second 
season  the  increase  of  house  room  would  be  noticed.  Out-buildings  would  be 
put  up,  the  little  stock  they  possessed  housed,  and  nearly  as  well  housed  as 
the  family.  A  porch,  or  rather  a  wide  covered  shed,  would  appear  in  front  of 
the  cabin  for  purposes  of  storage,  and  in  good  weather  here  the  family  met, 
worked,  conversed,  and  passed  much  of  their  time,  as  well  as  received  their 
neighbors'  visits,  now  growing  to  be  an  important  feature  in  their  routine  lives. 
At  long  intervals  some  one  in  the  colony  would  perhaps  get  a  letter  from  the 
old  home,  and  upon  its  most  trifling  words  the  people  would  listen  open- 
mouthed,  with  bated  breaths. 

This  thrift  continued,  and  soon  a  more  pretentious  log  house  was  reared 
adjoining  the  first  small  cabin.  This  in  rare  cases  had  two  rooms,  and, 
whether  one  or  two  rooms,  there  would  be  a  spacious  ' '  loft. ' '  A  ladder 
reached  this  upper  story — generally  the  boudoir  of  the  big  girls — the  store- 
house of  richest  treasures.  Here  would  be  long  strings  of  peppers,  dried 
pumpkins,  apples,  bunches  of  sage,  precious  strings  of  garlic  decocrating  the 
walls,  and  hanging  in  festoons  from  the  rafters,  flanked  by  dresses,  dimity, 
and  home  made  furbelows,  such  only  as  coidd  be  appreciated  or  understood  by 
those  daughters  of  the  pioneers — the  good  and  sainted  great-grandmothers  of 
this  generation.  Many  and  many  a  comfortable  mansion  of  those  days  had 
not  so  much  iron  in  all  its  structure  as  a  nail.  Then  the  saying:  "My  latch- 
string  is  always  open  to  you,"  was  full  of  meaning,  and  a  welcoming  invitation 
to  come,  pull  the  latch-string,  open  the  door,  and,  without  ceremony,  walk  in. 

The  agriculture  of  the  farmers  was  of  the  most  primitive  character,  their 
implements  being  few  and  of  the  clumsiest  construction.  One  small,  inferior 
pony  was  a  whole  family  pride,  when  once  possessed.  A  yoke  of  oxen,  some- 
times a  cow  yoked  with  an  ox,  or  a  yoke  of  cows,  a  wooden  plow  lined  at  the 
base  with  a  strip  of  iron,  a  home-made  wagon — the  melodious  old  truck — 
with  its  solid  wheels  cut  from  a  large  tree,  made  round,  and  a  hole  in  the 
center  for  the  axle-tree,  and  greased  with  soft  soap,  and  when  this  began 
to  wear  out  its  call  for  more  would  ring  over  the  hills  and  far  away  like  the 
dying  yells  of  a  fabled  monster — all  these  w%re  wealth  to  them. 

The  people  of  to-day  cannot  appreciate  the  amount  of  misdirected  effort 
there  was  among  these  people — labor  thrown  away,  because  they  had  to  exper- 
iment and  learn  all  only  by  experiment.  They  understood  slowly  the  necessi- 
ties and  qualities  of  the  new  world  in  which  they  were,  and  we  can  gain  only 
a  faint  idea  of  this  by  reflecting  that,  to  this  day,  men  are  experimenting  and 
still  improving  in  planting,  both  as  to  the  kind  of  seed  to  plant  and  the  best 
mode  of  putting  it  in  the  ground. 

The  very  first  consideration  always  with  a  settler  in  a  new  country  is  water. 
And  in  this  respect  it  is  not  hazarding  much  in  saying  that,  for  domestic  pur- 
poses, Adams  County  is  the  best  watered  spot  on  the  globe.  Certainly  there  can 
be  none  superior  to  it.  Springs  bubble  up  their  sparkling  waters  everywhere; 
the  silvery,  cool,  sweet  mountain  streams  ripple;  the  clear  valley  brooks  winding 
their  way  in  the  deep  shade  and  the  bright  sunshine  are  upon  every  side,  all  of 
clear,  pure  granite  water,  with  no  trace  of  the  limestone;  and  by  drilling 
through  the  upper  granite,  as  is  found  in  the  Gettysburg  water-works,  great 
and  inexhaustible  lakes  of  the  same  pure,  cold,  sweet  water  are  to  hand. 
Hence,  everywhere  in  the  county  is  inexhaustable  water,  and  under  the  test  of 
the  microscope  there  is  found  less  of  animal  matter  in  it  than  in  any  other 
known  water. 

To  these  springs  and  clear  streams  the  women  went  to  do  the  family  wash- 


HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY.  R3 

ing.  when-  the  olothes  were  paddled  clean  with  a  heavy  paddle  made  for  the 
purpose,  after  the  method  of  their  ancestors   from  time   immemorial.      Everj 
where  the  Bpining-wheel  was  in  use.   and  the  females  always  greatlj    prided 

Ives  on  the  dexterous  handling  of  this  stay  of  the  family.  It  was  the 
onh  mnsical  instrument  these  good  dames  ever  had,  the  peculiar  whirr  and  hum 
of  the  wheel,  rising  and  falling,  dying  awaj  to  the  faintesl  sounds  onlyto  com- 

again  and  again;  and  there  was  ao  child  of  thai  daj  in  its  hollow  log 
oradle  bu<  remembered  all  his  life  this  eternal  luUabj  — asweet,  sweetsongnow 
lost  forever.  Then  followed  the  bang,  bang  of  the  bus}  loom,  where  warp  and 
woof  were  beaten  together,  where  the  clothing  was  made  for  all  the  family,  the  bed 
clothing,  too.  the  articles  of  general  use  about  the  house,  the  ornamental  hangings 
as  well-  linsej  wolsej  and  linen  and  tow.    The  white  goods  were  then  bleached 

until  they  vied  with  the  driven  snOW  in  whiteness,  and  the  greatest  pride  of  the 
good  housewife  was  here  found  in  the  perfection  of  the  goods  that  came  from 
her  deft  hands.  The  writer  has  been  shown  a  piece  of  cotton-linen,  made  by  the 
grandmother  and  great  aunt  of  the  proud  possessor.  The  seed  of  the  cotton 
and  flax  Were  planted,  grown  and  pulled  by  them,  and  every  process  to  the 
perfected  cloth  was  bj  their  hands  alone,  and  no  more  perfect  piece  of  cloth 
ever  came  from  the  loom.  What  a  rich  inheritance  this  piece  of  goods  is? 
What  a  history  it  possesses  to  even  the  veriest  stranger.  A  mere  look  at  it 
and  one  can  almost  revivify  the  nimble  fingers,  and  feel  the  warm  life  breath 
again  that  wrought  lure  so 'deftly,  so  long,  so  long  ago.  A  hundred  years 
have  sped  awaj  since  last  they  looked  upon  it.  and  its  associations  rewarmed 
their  hearts;  v  et  this  long  chasm  of  time  is  bridged,  the  moldered  hands  again 
are  warm  and  nimble,  the  beam  of  wistful  eyes,  the  holy  smile  of  love  shines 
down  through  these  long,  long  corridors  of  time.  Thus  by  such  simple  trifles 
we  live  on  and  on.  and  forever  renew  those  lives  that  did  not  live  in  vain. 

The  earliest  pioneers  in  the  deep,  wild  woods  were  a  silent  and  gloomy  race 
of  men.  Their  lives  were  too  earnest  to  bo  frivolous.  They  prayed  more 
than  they  laughed.  Their  thoughts  and  conversations  were  divided  between 
bread  in  this  world  and  heaven  in  the  next,  What  men  now  call  sport,  and  is 
a  great  recreation  1"  some,  was  to  these  pioneers  but  a  portion  of  their  serious, 
silent  labors.  They  pursued  the  chase  and  had  to  capture  their  meat  or  go  to 
lied  BUpperless.  From  the  game  they  supplied  their  tables  until  such  times 
as  they  could    begin  to  raise  their  own  pork. 

A  wedding  then,  as  it  always  has  been,  was  a  great  event,  but  both  court- 
ing and  wedding  must  have  partaken  somewhat  of  the  general  serious  business 
habits  of  tie'  people.  A  young  man  courted  a  neighbor'.-  daughter  a  little  af- 
ter the  style  of  a  business  trip  to  buy  of  him  a  calf.  He  would  hardly  have  the  te- 
merity to  venture  up  to  her  at  church  and  ask  to  be  her  company  home.  This  would 
have  shocked  the  old  folks  of  all  the  congregation.  It  would  have  been  a  case 
of  dangerous  rashness.  It  was  hardly  the  proper  thing  to  go  visiting  on  Sun- 
day, and  during  the  week  he  would  have  been  missed  from  his  regular  work. 
And  thus  many  a  poor  fellow  must  have  worked  and  pined  in  painful  silence. 
But  love  conquers  all  things,  and  in  the  end  he  would  put  on  all  the  grim 
courage  he  could  command  and  go,  week  day  or  Sunday,  just  as  it  happened 
when  lie  reached  the  acting  climax.  The  lovers  had  neve)-  spoken  the  soft 
words  of  first  love  together,  but  they  had  looked  the  language  of  the  heart, 
and  v\hen  in  clean  bibber  he  unexpectedly  presented  himself,  even  if  there 
were  half  a  dozen  girls  there,  the  particular  one  he  wanted  to  see  somehow 
managed  to   I  I   -he  was  wanted,   although  the  blushing  swain  would 

be  unable  probably  to  call  for  any  one. 

After  making  herself  "  smart,"  in  the  greatest  of  flurries,  putting  on  a  clean 


64  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

gown  perhaps,  she  would  appear,  atul.  upon  the  first  sight  of  her.  John  would 
commence  mumbling  his  errand.  Perhaps  in  the  bluntest  language  he  could 
use,  he  told  his  mission,  and  as  blunt  a  "yes,"  if  it  was  all  agreeable,  would 
be  the  reply  The  family  would  then  be  called  in,  the  matter  talked  over,  the 
old  man  would  give  his  blunt  consent  and  silently  go  to  field  to  his  work  again 
leaving  all  the  small  details  for  the  family  to  discuss.  In  a  few  days  would 
come  the  wedding,  without  a  single  invitation,  unless  the  ceremony  would  be  at 
the  church,  which  was  often  the  case,  when  all  acquaintances  were  considered 

In  the  course  of  time  these  grew  to  be  more  ceremonious,  and  then  there 
would  be  a  day  of  merry  feasting  at  the  house  of  the  bride,  continued  the  next 
day  at  the  home  of  the  groom,  and  this  last  would  be  known  as  the  '  'infarr, 
eating  and  drinking  on  both  occasions.  The  Quakers  were  always  when  pos- 
sible married  in  their  church,  the  entire  congregation  signing  the  contract 
of  marriao-e,  as  witnesses.  The  Catholics  also  repaired,  when  possMe,  to 
their  church,  because  to  them,  too,  the  marriage  ceremony  was  purely  a  religious 
ceremony,  a  solemn  church  rite  that  could  only  end  in  death.  In  none  of  them 
was  there  a  mental  reservation  in  their  altar  vows— none.  None  expected  to  rue, 
and  but  few  ever  rued,  their  bargain.  And  people  had  been  living  here  nearly 
fifty  years  before  we  hear  of  an  elopement  from  "bed  and  board,  or  before 
there  was  a  divorce  suit  on  the  court  records.  These  things  came  only  with 
the  innovations  of   time.  . 

The  average  of  education  was  low.      Some  could  not  send  their  children  to 
school  and  were  not  able  to  teach  them  the  first  rudiments  at  home.     The  church 
schools  were  mostly  for  drilling  in  the  catechism,  whose  meaningless  words 
must  have  added  confusion  or  nothing  to  the  young  minds.      We  can  well  un- 
derstand what  a  great  general  advance  it  was  when  the  night  or  Saturday  spell- 
ins  school  was  eventually  introduced.    It  brought  the  young  people  together  in 
a  slight  social  life,  without  those  iron  restraints  that  had  previously  surround- 
ed them.  It  stimulated  greatly  the  first  acquirement  in  their  education    I  he  best 
speller  was  a  hero— no,  generally  a  heroine,  because  girls  can  naturally  outstrip 
the  boys  in  learning  to  spell.   It  was  no  small  accomplishment,  and  then  very  soon 
the  children  could  begin  to  correct  the  reading  and  pronunciation  of  their  par- 
ents in  the  daily  Bible  lessons.       The  men   continued  to  dress  in  the  plainest 
homespun,  and  the  girls— girls  they  were  then  as  they  always  will  be,  bless 
them— also  dressed  in  homespun;  but  they  had  found,  in  the  barks  of  trees  and 
in  herbs    coloring  matter,   and  here  the   dear  creatures  rivaled  each  other 
badgered  their  heated  brains  for  beautiful  designs  and  color  combinations;  and 
then  a  bright  ribbon  from  the  tramping  pedlar,  and  the  real  woman  began 
to  bloom  again  before  the  dazzled  eyes  of  men.      Their  hair,  the  solitary  cheap 
ribbon    the  bright  colors  in  their  frocks,  were  their  implements  of  gratification 
to  their  own  hearts  and  for  invasion  to  the  strong  citadel  of  man  s  affections. 
The  preachers  were  greatly  alarmed,  shocked— to  put  it  mildly.      Ihey  har- 
angued  they  raved,  and  thundered  anathemas  at  the  sacrilegious  ribbons  gun- 
cracks  and  awful  furbelows;  but,  bless  the  dear,  brave  girls,  they  stood  their 
<n-ound  heroically.      As  a  rule  they  confessed  then-  crime  and  promised  amend- 
ment and  put  away  the  ribbon  and  tied  up  their  curls.      This  satisfied  the 
preachers  and  the  cruel  war  was  over;  but  it  is  now  well  known  that  as  soon  as 
the  preachers'  backs  were  toned,  they  redecked  themselves  a  little  gayer  than 
ever*  and  employed  their  lovers  to  look  out  for  the  preacher,  so  as  they  could 
snap  off  the  finery  at  his  approach.  . 

At  first  wind-mills  were   put  upon  the  high  hills  to  grind  their  cereals,  then 
in  a  little  while  the  plenteous  streams  over  the  country  invited  the  erection  of 


HISTORY  OB  ADAMS  COUNTY. 


05 


water-mill*  One  was  uol  greati]  more  reliable  to  do  the  work  the  year  round 
than  the  other  In  the  winter  the  waters  would  be  frozen  and  in  the  winter 
and  summer  alike,  the  winds  would  not  always  work  the  clomsj  wind  mills. 
.,.  between  the  two,  the  people  did  no!  have  to  carrj  on  park  horses  to 
Baltimore  or  Chester  their  milling. 

V  simple,  pastoral  people,  leading  a  hard  life, was  ana  is  the  suinmingupof 
their  existence.  The  home  and  surroundings  were  of  the  rudes  and  plainest 
Of  what  is  now  esteemed  aluxury  thej  had  nd  one.  It  was  all  thebare  i 
Bitieeof  life,  won  onh  by  the  most  patient  and  tireless  industry,  rheeconomy 
the5  had  been  Eorced  to  learn  was  severe  and  pinching.  Tims  they  had  expe 
rieioed,  before  thej  cameto  the  country,  greai  trials,  but  they  had  to  plant 

and  grow  here  for  some  time  before  they  ceased  or  wit I   often  compelled 

to  add  experience  to  those  severe  lessons  of  the  Old  World. 

Getting  a  Start      Tins  was  the  mosl  trying  ordeal  to  all  the  first  comers. 
Thej  didn'1  even  find  the  Indian  here  with  his  simple  culture  of  Indian  corn 
and  the  very  few  simples  that  the  squaws  sometimes  planted  to  the  east  and 
north  of  tin's,   u  ithlittle  to  do  with,  he  had  tocommence  from  the  very  begin- 
ning     \  few  erains  of  corn  or  wheat,  the  seeds  of  an  apple  or  peach,  or  apo- 
teto;  and  so  0n>ere  the  only  chance  to  get  a  start  in  the  seeds  that  must  furnish 
his  Eamily  bread.     Soon  the  country,  as  have  been  aU  new  countries,  was  full  of 
malaria,  and  malarial  fever  and  chills  added  their  quota  to  the  already  hard  lot 
of  the  people.     They  were  without  medicines,  or  the  ability  to  procure  them  at 
an3  reasonable  sacrifice  or  effort.     A  greai   want  for  health  was  a  variety  of 
food,  and  as  a  consequence  they  probably  ate  too  much  meat  for  the  other  food 
aid  obtain.      In  the  woods  they  could  gel  a  great  abundance  ot  meat   and 
,the3    found  the  crab   apple,  the  plum    and    the   grape,    and   sometimes 
the  paw-paw.  as  well  a.  the  many  and  delicious  nuts  that  abounded  plentifully. 
These  were   all  life  giving  to  these  poor  people,  and    it  is  highly    probable  that 
they  prevented  the  appearance  of  some  dreadful  epidemic      such  as  sometimes 
visited  the  large  colonic  in  the  great  western  prairies  of  Illinois    where  people 
aetimes  of  literally  depopulating  good  sized  settlements, 
en  wandered  into  the  woods  and  gathered  crab  apples,  grap.es.  nuts,  and 
rorina  the  wild  onion,  and  certain  vegetables  that  had  acid  m  tnem.ana 
tin-  they  ate  freely.      Excepl  for  this  they  musl  have  all  suffered  from  scurvy 
e  soon  their  almosl  constant  diet  was  black  bread  and  salt  pork.     But 
the  limpid,  sweet  water-,,  the  bracing  mount  a  i  n  air  and  the   variety  they  could 
find  existing  in  the  country,  gave  them  rather  vigorous  health,  and  strong  and 
hardv  constitutions. 

Their  Commerce.  Nothing  could  have  been  more  simple  than  this  among 
these  people.  Their  first  drv  goods  stores  were  itinerant -pack  pedlars.  It 
,.,,.  ,1,,  ,.."-. .,.!.-  had  anything  to  sell  and  therefore  they  had 
but  little  to  b,n  with.  The  pedlar  and  his  pack  was  one  of  the  valued  and 
really  valuable  institutions  of  the  country.  His  visits  were  few  and  tar  be- 
tween at  first,  and  at  the  rate  of  a  visit  a  year  he  could  easilj  supply  the  de- 
mands upon  his  assortment,  the  chief  of  which,  atone  time,  was  an  assortment 
0f  oombs  \nd  it  was  but  seldom  that  you  could  not  find  somewhere  a  tuft  of 
hairfroi  s  tail,  fastened  with  a  pin  in  an  auger  hole,  for  the  purpose 

,,f  cleaning  the  combs.  Where  this  work  of  civilization  could  not  be  found,  you 
might  take  ii  b.r  granted  the  family  had  been  too  poor  to  patronize,  to  that  ex- 
tenl  the  pedlar.  This  itinerant  merchant  peddled  hiswares  and  retailed  the 
news  of  the  outside  world.  He  was  both  merchant  and  newspaper.  Ine 
elders  ofthefamilj  often  detested  him  and  his  visits;thej  knew  each  visit  meant 
some  small  purchase,  but   the   younger  members  of  the  family   looked  to  nis 


66  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

coming  with  bright  anticipations,  and  as  a  rule,  these  young  people  only  spent 
their  own  small  change — money  they  had  made  by  their  own  labor  and  saved. 
Such  was  the  family  economy.  In  the  course  of  time  the  pedlar  came  with  a 
pack  horse,  and  then  he  could  take  small  lots  of  farm  produce  in  exchange  for 
his  wares.  This  opened  wide  the  doors  of  trade  and  traffic  to  the  farmer's 
family. 

And  then  began  to  come  the  first  stores  and  locate  at  points  where  towns 
had  probably  been  started,  or  at  the  cross-roads,  or  by  the  blacksmith  and  wag- 
on-makers' shops.  This  of  itself  was  enough  to  at  once  start  a  town,  and  it 
was  given  a  name;  and  to  the  young  people,  the  children  at  least  of  the  sur- 
rounding country,  who  heard  of  it  and  had  never  seen  a  town  or  a  store,  per- 
haps not  even  a  smith's  shop,  did  it  become  the  Mecca  of  their  dreams  and 
hopes.  They  hoped  to  live  to  make  the  trip  to  see  it.  They  would  besiege 
father  and  mother  to  go  with  them  on  some  of  their  rare  visits  "to  town".  Of 
course  eventually  their  dreams  became  reality,  though  many  of  them  were 
nearly  grown  men  and  women  first,  and  behold  them  in  the  town,  open  mouthed, 
wide  eyed  and  generally  clinging  closely  to  father's  or  mother's  hands,  or 
mother's  apron,  their  hearts  beating  wildly  as  they  look  for  the  first  time  upon 
this  new,  strange  world.  The  family  wagon  would  probably  stop  first  at  the 
smithy,  to  have  a  plow  sharpened,  and  here  the  young  novice  saw  the  most 
astounding,  the  most  incredible  and  indescribable  things.  The  din,  the  flam- 
ing, blowing  forge,  the  red  hot  iron,  the  flying  sparks,  that  would  certainly 
burn  any  one  else  in  a  moment's  time,  the  brawny  blacksmith  and  his  great 
leathern  apron,  the  strange  sulphurous  smell,  all  combined,  made  an  impression 
upon  the  virgin  mind  that  was  never  erased.  It  was  crowding  a  lifetime  into  a 
moment.  From  thence  to  the  one  store  of  the  place,  and  here  again  what  expansive 
wonders  break  upon  the  senses.  Their  eyes  were  bewildered— here  was  everything 
in  the  world  that  was  good  and  beautiful.  The  peculiar  smell  of  molasses,  sugar, 
pelts,  game,  shoes,  calico,  whisky,  cheap  spices,  new  leather,  tobacco,  eggs  in  every 
stage  and  other  odds  and  ends  of  the  small  trading  and  trafficking  of  the  room, 
made  as  distinct  and  lasting  an  impression,  as  had  already  been  made  upon  the 
eyes.  Amazement  and  awe  were  running  a  race  in  the  young  mind.  How  blind  had 
been  their  dreams  of  all  this  wonderland.  They  would  not  have  laid  even  the 
weight  of  a  finger  upon  the  rough  counter  for  worlds.  They  could  no  more 
have  sat  down  on  the  ends  of  some  of  the  boxes  that  were  the  only  seats  in  the 
place,  than  they  coidd  have  comfortably  seated  themselves  upon  the  curling 
smoke.  They  preferred  to  stand  up,  and  vigorously  bite  the  ends  of  the  fing- 
ers and  gaze  and  gaze  in  an  ecstasy  of  awe  and  wonder.  It  was  all  they  could 
do. .  It  was  their  first  lesson  in  the  great  voyage,  the  quick  and  stormful  voy- 
age across  the  face  of  the  earth — from  the  unknown  to  the  unknown. 

Receptions. — The  primitive  '"reception  days"  by  the  most  distinguished 
families  were  the  "house  raisings."  What  splendid  times,  what  gay  and  dis- 
tinguished frolics  were  these!  No  Jenkins  was  there  to  describe  the  splendor 
of  the  toilets,  or  tell  who  leaned  upon  whose  arm  as  they  filed  into  the  8  P.  M. 
dinner.  Some  new  neighbor  had  arrived,  or  some  new  married  couple  wanted 
to  go  to  housekeeping,  and  word  was  sent  to  all  the  neighbors  and  from  near 
and  far  they  came — all  came;  and  even  sometimes  the  women  came,  and  while 
the  men  worked  at  the  new  house,  and  worked  like  heroes  on  a  wager,  too,  the 
women  put  in  a  quilt  and  also  worked  the  live-long  day.  The  women's  work 
was  not  so  violent  as  the  men's,  but  they  made  ample  amends  for  this  in  the 
talk  and  gossip  that  ran  like  the  swollen  waters  when  they  break  away  an  ob- 
structing dam.  The  new  house  and  the  quilt  would  be  completed  about  the 
same  time — all  racing  with  the  setting  sun. 


IIISTUKY    OF   ADAMS  COUNTY. 


07 


Tnmrotx  meats.  When  we  reflect  on  the  oheapness  of  the  Land  at  that  tune, 
the  land  claims  and  the  improvements  were  not  largo  to  the  average  family 
domains  Probablj  an  average  would  have  been  100  acres.  But  these  people 
after  oner  here  were  driven  by  circumstances  to  regard  small  holdings  as  the 
safest  and  best,  and  their  bighesl  ambition  was  to  rear  their  families  respecta- 
bh  crive  them  some  little  education,  and  a  fair  start  m  the  world,  and  the  lands 
oontinuine  cheap  they  could  easily  acquire  all  they  wanted  or  needed  for 
themselves  This  was  the  average,  from  which  of  course  there  were  many  ex- 
ception- Thev  fullv  succeeded  in  their  laudable  ambitions.  It  was  veryrarely 
then  contracted  debts,  and  year  by  year,  even  if  little  or  no  ready  money  came 
to  them  they  saw  their  possessions  grow  in  value.  Their  children  wore  being 
trained  in  economy  and  industry,  growing  up  to  take  their  places  and  carry  on 
the  work  who,,  old  age  should  take  them  from  the  active  duties  of  life. 

All  over  the  Old  World,  especially  in  England  and  on  the  continent,  the 
habits  of  the  people  generally  had  been  for  centuries  to  eat  enormous  quanti- 
ties of  meat  and  drink  heavily  of  the  coarsest  and  strongest  liquors  they  could 
obtain  In  L684  gin  was  discovered,  and  b  generation  of  English  people  were 
the  vilest  of  sots.  "  Signs  were  put  up  at  theginshops  to  "come  and  get  drunk 
for  a  penny  "  and  "for  two  pence  you  can  become  very  drunk,  and  "free 
straw  will  be  famished  in  the  cellar  to  sleep  it  off."  In  the  great  London  not, 
when  the  drunken  mob  held  the  city  for  three  days  and  nights,  the  mob  rolled 
the  Bin  barrels  to  the  front  doors  and  knockedinthe  heads,  and  the  gutters 
were  running  with  the  liquid.  Women  and  children  drank  from  the  gutters, 
many  e-or.nnu-  themselves  and  dying  on  the  streets;  many  more  reeled  and  tell 
and 'lav  in  stupor  and  were  burned  by  the  falling  and  burning  buildings  where 
thev  helplessly  lav.  The  average  farmers'  choicest  pastimes  were  drinking 
bouts  where  they'  drank  to  insensibility.  In  many  a  fashionable  city  circle, 
the  boast  was  how  many  had  attended  the  gatherings  at  different  families,  and 
how  much  they  drank,  and  how  many  fell  under  the  table. 

In  the  oourse  of  a  few  years  some  of  the  people  who  prospered  most,  be- 
came  wealthy  enough  to  purchase  and  bring  here  their  negro  slaves.  A  few 
immigrants  brought  their  negroes  with  them  when  they  came.  Slavery  con- 
tinued here  in  full  force  and  effect  until  1828.  With  the  introduction  here  of 
slaves    oame,  what  some  writer  has  designated  "the  most  venomous  worm 

the  worm  of  the  still.  And  these  small  hand  stills  were  erected  on  many  of 
the  farms.  In  fact  among  the  earliest  publication  of  notice  of  sale  of  a  farm 
it  was  not  uncommon  to  state,  as  a  special  inducement  to  purchasers,  that  there 
were  "two  stills  of  good  capacity  on  the  elegant  plantation."  They  made 
whiskv  of  corn  and  wheat  and  rye,  apple-jack  of  apples,  and  brandy  of  their 
seeding  peaches.  It  was  all  pure,  fiery  and  strong.  They  could  get,  for 
instance,  only  a  little  over  a  gallon  of  whisky  from  a  bushel  of  corn  (now  they 
makeover  four  gallons);  vet  everything  was  so  cheap  that  they  could  manu- 
facture it  at  prices  that  would  seem  incredil  le  to  the  present  generation. 

Drinking  was  allowe  I  to  every  one;  they  drank  in  quantities  that  now  would 
swiftly  bring  death  and  destruction.  Yet  drunkenness  was  sternly  frowned 
upon.  Among  the  Quakers,  especially,  it  was  not  permitted,  and  to  this  day 
on  their  old  church  records  are  written  out  and  signed  and  witnessed  the  con- 
fessions of  members  who  humbly  acknowledged  their  grevious  sin,  giving  the 
day  and  date  and  place  where  they  had  thoughtlessly  swallowed  too  much, 
and  promising  earnestly  to  sin  no  more.  And  occasionally  some  preacher 
would  be  arraigned  for"  habitual  drunkenness,  and,  while  the  evidence  would 
sometimes  be  dear  and  positive,  we  find  no  instance  of  a  conviction  and  deg- 
radation for  the  offense.      To  explain  this  a  little,  there  was  one  case   in   the 


bb  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

comity  where  the  synod  convicted  and  sentenced  the  offender  to  dismissal,  but 
the  plucky  congregation  would  not  so  have  it,  and  in  the  face  of  the  orders  of 
the  authorities  they  retained  their  preacher.  The  general  habits  of  the  peo- 
ple, the  heavy  diet  of  salt  pork  and  black  bread  of  which  they  eat  so  heartily, 
enabled  them  to  drink  great  quantities  of  the  liquor  made  at  their  own  stills 
without  serious  bad  effects,  and  in  the  long  monotony  of  their  lives  is  the  ample 
excuse  for  their  doing  so.  Let  us  believe,  what  was  probably  true,  that  they 
actually  needed  this  stimulant  of  which  they  partook  in  great  quantities,  but 
nearly  always  at  stated  and  regular  times  of  the  day.  They  were  not  physi- 
cally debauched  by  any  indulgence  they  partook  ef.  They  were  left,  possessed 
of  sound  mind^and  strong  and  vigorous  bodies,  and  they  transmitted  to  their 
children  sound  constitutions.  They  generally  attained  great  age,  and  to  this 
day  a  strong  mark  of  their  descendants  is  a  springing  vitality  that  does  and 
will  carry  them  to  more  than  the  three  score  and  ten  years  of  active  life. 

Many  of  the  first  and  second  generations  of  women  took  their  places  beside 
the  men  in  the  hard  work  of  the  field.  Here  they  delved  and  toiled  until  often 
their  hands  became  too  stiff  and  horny  to  handle  the  needle  at  all.  They  could 
bake  the  bread  on  Saturday  for  the  coming  week,  and  then  fry  the  meat  and 
sometimes  make  a  pot  of  black  coffee,  and  this  was  the  sum  of  the  cooking. 
Dishes  were  a  few  pewter  plates,  often  the  head  of  the  family  being  the  only 
one  honored  with  a  plate,  while  the  others  ate  with  their  bare  hands  mostly; 
therefore  the  dish  washing  was  a  small  affair  in  clearing  away  the  table  after 
a  meal. 

The  growth  and  change  from  these  simple  habits  of  the  early  day  were  very 
slow  indeed.  The  young  people  accepted  their  manners  and  customs  from  the 
parents  and  as  unimpaired  as  possible,  transmitted  them  in  turn  to  their  chil- 
dren. The  long  war  of  the  Revolution  forced  upon  them  many  of  the  first 
changes  in  their  modes  of  life.  It  compelled  the  people  to  band  more  gen- 
erally together;  they  met  on  serious  matters  of  life  and  death  in  larger  bodies, 
and  men  extended  their  acquaintance  greatly  with  their  fellow-men.  Young 
men  who  had  never  been  ten  miles  from  the  farm  where  they  had  first  settled, 
joined  the  army  and  started  out  to  fight  for  liberty,  and  in  their  travels  they  saw 
something  of  the  outside  world.  In  these  hard  and  cruel  marches  they  learned 
much  of  their  own  country,  and  in  the  march,  the  encampment,  the  prisons,  the 
battle-fields,  the  bivouacs  of  those  days  that  tried  men's  souls,  they  learned 
rapidly  of  their  fellow-men.  They  came  in  contact  with  men  of  different  ideas, 
manners  and  customs.  They  newly  tested  themselves  and  tested  others,  and 
each  one  brought  many  new  ideas  back  to  his  old  home  when  the  war  was  over. 
It  was  a  wonderful  discipline  and  school  for  these  simple phildren  of  the  woods. 
A  feeble  nation  struggling  in  distress  and  poverty,  fighting  a  rich  and  powerful 
enemy,  and  wresting  victory  in  the  end  from  the  foe,  are  not  apt  to  come  out  of 
the  severe  ordeal  with  that  general  demoralization  that  is  so  often  the  doleful 
afterpiece  of  war.  This  happy  exemption  was  the  great  distinguishing  mark 
of  our  forefathers  of  the  Revolution.  They  returned  from  the  army,  resumed 
their  places  on  their  farms  and  were  only  better  citizens  than  before.  What 
they  had  seen  and  heard,  and  the  hard  experiences  they  had  passed,  only  made 
them  that  much  better  citizens,  and  there  were  enough  of  these  men  scattered 
through  every  community  to  bear  up  the  civilization  of  the  day  and  push  it  along 
— advance  it  in  every  line.  To  a  large  extent,  too,  that  war  broke  up  the  exclu- 
sive clanishness  that  had  before  marked  different  communities,  especially  those 
who  spoke  different  languages.  The  impetuous  Scotch-Irishman  learned  that  the 
phlegmatic  Diitchman  would  fight  and  fight  all  day  and  all  night  if  necessary, 
sturdily  giving  or  receiving  blows  to  the  death.      And.  vice  versa,  the  German, 


\km 


J- 1*@.  JlcJLLt/{j 


HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY.  <1 

learned  to  love  his  Irish  messmate  for  his  manj  good  qualities  in  moments 
of  great  trial  and  danger.  The  Macs  and  the  Vons  came  back  from  the  war, 
and  they  would  visit  each  other;  their  Eamilies  became  acquainted.  The  young 
fnllna  would  fall  in  love,  of  course,  and  maiTv.  ami  hence  to  thisdaj  you  need 
,„,i.  when  youmeet  a  Mr.  MoSomething,  commence  your  [rish  blame]  upon 
him.  because  as  likely  as  not  it  will  turn  out  he  is  a  German  by  descent.  And 
this  is  quite  as  true  of  the  Vons  as  the  Macs.  Tins  was  a  happy  solution  of  the 
once  ill-conditioned  question  of  nationality  that  prevailed  in  this  county. 


CHAPTER   XIII. 


Sketches  and  Etchings  Tn  McCleans— The  McPhersons— Gen.  Reed— 
Dr.  Crawford-  Col.  Stagle  -Col.  Grter— Victob  King— Judge  Black— 
Thaddeus  Stevens— Patrick  McStierry— Col  Hanck  Hamilton—  Ihe 
Gulps— William  McClellan— Capt.  Bettdiger— James  Cooper. 

THE  McCLEANS.— Among  the  earliest  settlers  in  this  portion  of  Pennsyl- 
vania. 1733,  was  William  McClean,  a  Scotchman.  From  this  man  has 
come  a  long  race  of  eminent  and  influential  men.  In  Illinois  is  the  rich  and 
populous  county  of  McLean,  and  in  the  southern  portion  of  the  same  State  is 
the  town  of  McLeansboro,  and  from  the  Atlantic  at  least  west  to  the  Missis- 
sippi are  to  be  found  evidences  of  the  McClean  family  in  the  lineal  and  latteral 
lines  in  nearly  every  State.  The  name  is  spelled  McClean  mostly,  as  used  by 
the  family  of  Pennsylvania,  but  frequently  the  capital  "C"  is  dropped,  as  we 
find  it  in  Illinois.  The  original  William  McClean  settled  in  Montgomery 
County,  and  in  two  years  removed  to  York  County.  He  had  nine  children. 
His  first  was  Archibald  and  second  Moses,  and  as  these  two  and  their  families 
are  a  part  of  the  history  of  York  and  Adams  County,  we  confine  our  record  to 
them.     Archibald  was  born  October  26,  1736. 

The  other  sons,  younger  brothers  of  Archibald  and  Moses,  were  William. 
Samuel,  John,  James  and  Alexander,  all  surveyors,  and  all  at  one  time  or 
another  assistants  to  the  eldest,  Archibald,  in  the  survey  of  what  is  now  Mason 
and  Dixon's  line.  Archibald  and  Moses  became  deputy  surveyors  of  York  Coun- 
tv.  Abraham  in  the  east  part  of  the  county,  and  Moses  in  what  is  now  Adams 
County.  They  laid  out  "Carroll's  Delight,"  and  Archibald,  Moses  and  Will- 
iam, three  brothers,  secured  fine  farms  in  this  tract.  All  the  McCleans  were 
early  and  distinguished  defenders  of  their  country  in  the  days  of  the  Revolu- 
tion. Archibald  was  a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania  Legislature  in  1771).  He 
was  president  of  a  revolutionary  meeting  in  York  for  "taking  effectual  meas 
nres  for  putting  a  stop  to  forestalling,  extortion  and  the  depreciation  of  the 
continental  currency."  This  was  June  is.  1 77'.*.  No  men  in  the  country 
aore  active  and  prominent  in  these  terrible  times  than  the  McCleans.  \x 
chibald  lost  nearly  all  his   property  by   the  depreciation  of   the  continental 

Moses  McClean  was  born  January  10,  1  737,  in  what  is  now  Adams  County. 
He  died  September  10,  1810.  Col.  Moses  McClean  was  one  of  the  distinguished 
citizens  and  soldiers  of  the  Revolution,  being  one  of  the  first  captains  mustered 
into  the  service  in  Col.  Hartley's  Eleventh  Regiment,  Pennsylvania  line.  In 
1780-83  he   was   a  member  of   the   Pennsylvania  Legislature.       The  eldest 


72  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

of  Moses  McClean's  children  was  William,  who  was  born  in  York  (Adams) 
County  in  1777,  in  Carroll's  Tract,  and  died  December  23,  1846,  aged  sixty- 
nine  years.  His  first-born  was  Moses,  born  in  1804,  on  his  father's  farm  in  Car- 
roll's Tract.  He  died  September  30,  1870.  William's  first-born  was  Moses, 
the  father  of  Hon.  William  McClean,  the  present  (1880)  president  judge  of  the 
court  in  this  district.  The  last  above  mentioned  Moses  McClean  was  born  in 
this  county  in  1804;  died  in  Gettysburg  September  30,  1870.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  Congress  in  the  twenty-ninth  session— 1845-47.  In  1855,  the  time 
of  the  Know-nothing  party  excitement,  he  was  induced  by  the  conservative 
element  to  become  a  candidate  and  serve  a  term  in  the  State  Legislature.  He 
was  a  member  of  Congress  when  war  was  declared  against  Mexico. 

Ensign  Jacob  Barnitz,  of  Col.  Swopo's  regiment  in  the  Eevolution,  married 
Miss  McClean,  a  sister  of  Archibald  and  Moses  McClean.  Barnitz  and  Moses 
McClean  were  prisoners,  and  suffered  greatly  at  the  hands  of  the  British.  Bar- 
nitz was  severely  wounded  and  lost  a  leg.  The  old  hero,  Moses  McClean,  re- 
moved to  Chillicothe,  Ohio,  where  he  gained  new  honors  and  the  trust  and 
love  of  the  people,  and  here  he  died  September  10,  1810. 

The  McPhersons  is  another  of  the  early  and  distinguished  families  which 
were  here  among  the  first,  and  for  more  than  150  years  they  have  an  unbroken 
line  of  leading  and  important  citizens,  each  succeeding  generation  adding  lus- 
ter to  the  original.  (For  full  particulars  of  the  family  genealogy  see  Hon. 
Edward  McPherson's  biography.)  .  ,,    ,    « 

Gen.  William  Reed  was  an  officer  in  the  Third  Battalion  of  York  County 
Militia  during  the  Eevolution.  He  was  chosen  a  member  of  the  convention 
which  framed  the  second  constitution  of  Pennsylvania  in  1790;  became  brigade 
inspector  of  York  County  Militia,  April  25,  1800,  and  member  of  the  State 
Senate  from  1800  to  1804;  appointed  adjutant-general  of  the  State  of  Pennsyl- 
vania August  4,  1811;  took  sick  and  suddenly  died  June  15,  1813,  at  New 
Alexandria,  Westmoreland  Co.,  Penn.,  while  organizing  the  State  militia 
during  the  war  of  1812-15.  His  remains  were  interred  near  Millerstown  (now 
Fairfield),  Adams  County.  . 

Hon.  William  Crawford,  M.  D.,  was  born  in  Paisley,  Scotland,  in  1  (W, 
received  a  classical  education,  studied  medicine  at  the  University  of  Edinburgh, 
Scotland,  and  received  his  degree  in  1791;  emigrated  to  York  County  (now 
Adams  County),  and  located  near  the  present  site  of  Gettysburg,  purchased  a 
farm  on  Marsh  Creek  in  1795,  and  spent  the  remainder  of  his  life  there  practicing 
medicine  among  his  friends,  with  the  exception  of  intervals  in  which  he  was 
elected  to  office.  He  was  an  associate  judge,  and  was  elected  to  represent 
York  district  in  the  Eleventh  Congress,  in  1808,  as  a  Democrat  or  Republican, 
as  the  name  was  then  generally  termed.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  Twelfth 
Congress  to  represent  York  District  and  to  the  Thirteenth  and  Fourteenth  Con- 
gresses to  represent  a  new  district  formed,  of  which  Adams  County  was  a 
Part  serving  continuously  from  1809  to  1817,  after  which  he  resumed  the 
practice  of  medicine.  He  died  in  1823.  Mrs.  Edward  McPherson  is  a  grand- 
daughter of  Dr.  Crawford. 

Col  Henry  Slagle  (original  spelling  of  this  name  was  Schlegel)  was 
born  in  Lancaster  County,  in  1735,  a  son  of  Christopher  Slagle  of  Saxony, 
who  came  to  this  county  in  1713,  and  put  up  a  mill,  one  of  the  first,  on  Con- 
estoga  Creek  He  was  a  soldier  of  the  Revolution,  commanding  a  battalion  of 
Asso°ciators  in  1779;  a  member  of  the  Provincial  Conference  and  of  the  Con- 
vention of  July,  1776;  was  appointed  to  take  subscriptions  for  the  Continental 
loan;  was  a  member  of  the  Assemby  1777-79;  a  member  of  the  Constitutional 
Convention  1789-90,  and  associate  judge  in  1791.     He  represented   Adams 


HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY.  73 

Oount]  m  the  Legislature  of  1801-02.     An  ardent  patriot,  faithful  officer  and 
an  upright  oitizen. 

CoL  David  Grier  was  born  in  Mount  Pleasant,  Adams  (York)  County,  in 
1742.  Studied  law  and  became  a  lawyer  in  1771.  Become  a  captain  in  Col. 
William  Irvine  a  regiment  br  the  war  of  independence.  His  commission  dated 
January  9,  1776,  and  he  was  promoted  major  October  25,  1776.  He  then  was 
made  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  Seventh  Pennsylvania,  and  commanded  the 
regimenl  after  Col.  [rvine  became  a  prisoner. 

Victor  King  had  nine  children:  Jean,  born  November  16,  1746;  Hugh,  born 
January  10,  1751);  -lames,  born  September  22,  1753;  Agnes,  horn  March  10, 
1756;  Victor,  born  July  30,  1758.  The  dates  of  the  births  of  Martha,  Susana, 
William  and  Louisa  Moffet  King  are  illegible.  The  brothers  of  Victor  King.  Sr. . 
WBreJamosKiug.died  in  1700,  aged  eighty-five;  William  King,  died  in  1794,aged 
eighty-two  years.  The  three  brothers,  Victor,  James  and  William,  were  the  first 
Bottlers  on  the  upper  Great  Conowago,  tradition  fixing  the  date  of  their  coming 
as  1735.  Hugh  King  married  Miss  Vorhees  in  1780.  This  family  brought 
the  first  foot-stove  that  was  ever  in  the  county.  The  Kings,  Bells  and  Vorhees 
families  intermarried,  and  their  representatives  have  been  pioneers,  treading 
closely  upon  the  heels  of  the  savages  to  the  Mississippi,  and  their  descendants 
are  found  among  the  most  prominent  people  of  Kentucky,  Ohio,  Indiana  and 
Illinois.  The  settlement  of  the  Kings  was  called  Tyrone  and  here  were  the 
early  strong  and  characteristic  men  of  the  county  found — Hance  Hamilton, 
the  MoGrews,  McHhennys,  Bosses  and  others. 

Judge  Jeremiah  S.  Black's  ancestors  were  Scotch-Irish  and  German.  The 
Blacks  settled  in  what  is  now  the  southwestern  part  of  Adams  County, 
where  James  Black  was  married  to  Jane  McDonough.  The  brothers.  Mat 
thew,  James  and  John  Black,  came  from  the  north  of  Ireland  about  1730.  and 
landed  in  Philadelphia,  where  Matthew  remained,  but  James  and  John  pushed 
west  across  the  Susquehanna  to  Marsh  Creek,  now  in  Adams  County,  James  be- 
came a  prosperous  farmer,  and  from  him  Black's  Gap  took  its  name.  John  did 
not  succeed  financially  as  well  as  James.  One  of  his  sons  was  named  James, 
after  his  uncle.  This  James  was  the  grandfather  of  Jeremiah  S.  Black.  He 
had  the  common  education  of  the  farmer's  boy  of  that  day.  About  the  year 
1770,  he  became  engaged  to  Jane  McDonough,  and  shortly  afterward  concluded 
to  "go  West"  into  the  then  dangerous  wilderness  of  the  Alleghenies.  He  set- 
tled between  what  was  afterward  Stony  Creek  and  Somerset,  and  cleared  the 
land,  and  with  the  hard  labor  of  his  own  hands  prepared  a  home  ready  for 
Jane  McDonough.  He  then  returned  and  married  her,  and  the  young  couple 
went  to  their  new  home.  His  wife  soon  persuaded  him  he  had  made  a  poor 
selection  of  ground  and  they  moved  to  the  farm  called  Stony  Creek.  Here 
Jaims  Black  prospered  and  had  a  tannery,  several  farms  and,  in  time,  a  tavern. 
He  was  a  justice  of  the  peace,  and  was  himself  indicted  twice  during  his  term 
of  office;  once  for  tearing  up  a  paper  which  he  had  been  deceived  into  sign- 
ing his  name  to,  and  once  for  heading  a  riot  which  cleared  away  some  workmen 
who  were  building  a  bridge  and  not  giving  satisfaction  to  the  community. 

A  son  of  this  James  Black,  Henry,  was  the  father  of  Jeremiah  S.  Black. 
And  James'  wife,  Jane  McDonough,  was  a  sister  of  the  bachelor  million- 
aire McDonough.  who  died  in  New  Orleans  and  gave  so  largely  to  New  Or- 
leans and  Baltimore.  The  Blacks  and  McDonoughs  were  each  large  families. 
Robert  Black  now  resides  at  Black's  Gap  in  Franklin  County.  A.  B.  Black  is 
living  at  Table  Rock  in  this  county. 

It  is  greatly  to  be  regretted  that  we  cannot  gather  a  complete  genealogy  of 
Judge  Black's  ancestors  and  family,  because  we  hold  that  no  proper  biogra- 


74  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

phy  of  a  man  can  be  written,  more  especially  that  of  a  man  whose  make-up 
presents  such  bold  and  striking  characteristics  of  mind  as  are  found  m  aim, 
without  first  having  a  pretty  full  knowledge  of  the  line  of  ancestors  from  whom 
he  spruno-.  This  is  true  of  the  individual  as  it  is  of  communities  and  nations. 
A  oreat  people  or  a  great  man  is  the  gradual  development  of  the  preceding 
centuries  -the  strongest  lines  perhaps  transmitted  by  heredity,  modified, 
changed  and  directed  by  climate,  soil,  and  a  dry  or  humid  atmosphere,  lo 
these  fundamental  factors  are  the  innumerable  others  of  lesser  force  ot  times 
and  circumstances. 

In  Jeremiah  S.  Black  we  have  the  finest  type  of  the  perfected  outgrowth  in 
America  of  the  mingling  of  the  strains  of  Scotch  and  German  pioneers  who 
founded  this  nation  and  reared  the  enduring  structure  of  our  Government. 
The  Dutch,  stubborn  tenacity  and  sluggish  blood— the  shrewd  and  rugged 
Scotch  traced  with  the  impulsive  and  fiery  Irish  and  all  the  descendants  of  re- 
ligious heroes  and  martyrs— Protestants  in  their  very  blood  and  bones— the 
only  one  thino-  in  its  entirety  they  held  in  common.  From  sire  to  son  for  gen- 
erations had  passed  the  strongest  religious  vein,  producing  Christian  warriors 
severe  of  conscience,  disputatious  and  eager  for  disciples,  who,  in  order  that 
no  sin  mio-ht  escape,  punished  the  most  innocent  pleasures. 

Physically  as  rugged  and  strong  as  they  were  mentally,  they  were  a  long- 
lived  race  of  "men,  whose  literature,  whose  investigations  of  the  sciences,  were 
squared  rigidly  to  their  interpretations  of  the  Bible.  When  we  know  some- 
thing of  these"  remarkable  ancestors  of  Judge  Black  we  have  the  key  to  many 
of  the  otherwise  wonderful  marks  of  the  man  himself.  From  the  humblest 
walks  of  backwoods  farmers'  life  he  rose  by  his  own  inherent  powers  to  be- 
come, and  so  he  will  go  into  history,  as  the  best  type  of  the  great  American 
descended  from  our  Revolutionary  fathers. 

Judo-e  Black  was  a  sincere,  eager  churchman,  who  read  his  .Bible  daily, 
and  regularlv  betook  himself  to  the  closet  of  prayer.  His  every  nature  drew 
him  toward  "the  strong,  argumentative,  combative  and  eloquent  Alexander 
Campbell,  and  he  was  therefore  a  member  of  the  Christian  Church.  He  was 
the  great  layman  to  the  Protestant  Church,  and  when  he  set  his  lance  and  low- 
ered his  visor  in  the  tilt  at  the  infidel  Ingersoll,  he  best  described  his  position 
in  the  church  as  the  "church's  policeman,"  who  was  ready  to  receive  orders 
from  his  superiors  in  command,  but  eager  to  fight  the  devil  himself  single- 
handed  in  a  combat  where  no  quarters  were  to  be  asked.  He  took  up  the 
glove  of  the  infidel,  and  unhorsed  the  "plumed  knight,"  and  was  the  first 
man  in  two  centuries  to  tell  the  learned  theologians  of  the  world  how  to  defend 
the  faith  in  an  age  where  reason  and  not  the  dungeon  and  burning  stake  are 
the  implements  of  church  war.  The  "policeman"  was  the  great  captain,  in 
fact  to  the  church  militant;  esteeming  himself  the  humblest,  he  was  the  cen- 
tral and  pre-eminent  figure.  Let  the  churches  of  America  inscribe  upon  his 
monument  his  dying  prayer-nothing  so  full  of  trusting  piety,  so  eloquent  and 
touching  has  come  back  to  us  from  the  border  land  of  that  other  world. 

A  lawyer  judo-e,  politician,  statesman  and  orator,  writer  and  scholar,  he 
adorned  all  alike.  °  The  greatest  advocate  in  his  day,  his  decisions  upon  the 
bench  became  the  fundamental  law  of  the  land;  his  speeches  are  models  of 
great  thoughts  in  the  most  vigorous  English  to  be  found  m  our  language. 

His  bio"  raphy  should  be  fully  written.  The  world  cannot  aSord  to  lose  the 
lesson  it  will  teach.  The  story  will  interest,  instruct  and  benefit  all  and  it 
will  be  the  just  tribute  to  the  forefathers,  the  pioneers— Scotch-Irish  and  Dutch 
and  Germans  who  were  the  immigrants  to  this  portion  of  our  country. 

If  Adams  County  is  pictured  to  the  mind  as  a  dining  table,  then  wherever 


HISTOKY   OF  ADAMS  COUNTY.  "> 

Hon     Thaddeus    Stevens   sat    was    the  head    ol    the   tabic        The   son    of 
B    VermoQl    shoe-maker,    born    April    I.    L792,    commenced  life  as   a  school 
teacher  in  STork,  came  to  Gettysburg  immediately  after  he  had  been  admitted 
to  praotice  law  in  Maryland  in  L816,  and  opened  an  office  intheeast  end  of  the 
MoClellan  House,  now  occupied  bj  Col  John  II.    McOlellan,     Heal  once  be 
aaleaderal  the  bar,   was  several  years  a  town  councilman,  a  member  of 
the  Legislature,  where  he  became  the  father  of  the  Pennsylvania  five  schools. 
Heremovedto  Lancasterin  L841.     He  entered  Congress  in    1849  and  served 
two  terms    then  remained  in  private  life  a  ml   again  entered    Congress  in   IS.  >il, 
where  he  remained  until  hisdeath.  August  11.   lSliS.   Ho  was  the  chairman  ol 
the  ways  and  means  committee  in  Congress  at  the  commencement  of  the  war, 
and  was  the  one  man  great  enough  to  rule  Congress,  the  Senate  and  the  Presi- 
dent, and  who  comprehended  the  full  import  of  the  civil  war  at  its  commence- 
ment,     He  proved  himself  the  greatest  parliamentary  leader  this  country  has 
had    not  even  excepting  Henrv  Clay.      Indeed,  Thaddeus  Stevens  was  a  won- 
derful man,  whose  history  is  a  part  of  the  history  of  our  country  during  its 
,   turbulent   and  trying   times— such  times  only  develop  such  men    as  was 
Stevens,  where  he  won  the  distinguishing  sobriquet  of  the  Groat  Commoner. 
Mentallv  and  physically  a  strange  compound  of  opposites,  if  they  wero  not  con- 
tradictions.     Physically,   defective  in  one  of  his  feet;  intellectually  a  trained 
athlete;   a  knight  errant  riding  the  whirlwind  of  the  dark  passions  of  mankind 
and  delivering  the  blasting  thunderbolts  of  his  matchless  invective  against  the 
oppressor  of  his  fellow-man;   his  nature  deeply  charitable,  liftingupthe  lowly, 
aiding  the  worthy,  spending  his  last  dollar  when  on  his  way  to  Baltimore  with 
his  cavefulh    garnered   gains  to  buy  his  first  law  library  and  he  saw  a  slave 
parent  and  child  being  sold  to  be  separated;  he  spent  all  he  had  and  purchased 
the  slaves  ami  returned  to  Gettysburg  with  these  instead  of  his  promised  books, 
and  at  the  same  time  implacable  against  that  portion  of  his  fellow  countrymen 
bom  to  the  ownership  of  slaves.      He  loved  children  tenderly,  and  the  highest 
praise  that  can  be  said  of  him  is  the  love  and  respect  his  name  ever  conjures  in 
the  hearts  of  the  men  and  women  of  Gettysburg  who  wore  children  when  this 
was  his  home. 

A  diligent  student  of  men  and  books  he  was  a  lover  of  held  sports  and 
crames;  of  Puritan  birth  probably,  he  was  of  the  broadest  and  most  liberal  in 
Faith  and  practice.  An  extreme  Federalist  in  the  larger  sense  of  the  term,  a 
Democrat  by  nature,  a  political  revolutionist,  who  was  intensely  patriotic  in  his 
love  of  his  government  .V  criminal  lawyer  with  few  equals  and  no  superiors, 
as  a  constitutional  lawyer  he  was  blinded  by  seething  political  passions.  His 
broad  oharitj  that  carried  a  purse  that  had  no  strings,  and  his  deep  seated  rad- 
icalism that  would  -organize  a  hell  "  for  treason,  were  the  strong  lines  in  his 
nature.  Charitable  and  combative  his  mastery  of  men  made  him  a  party 
destroyer  and  a  party  leader.  Hero  he  was  born  to  fight  and  command.  When 
1„.  |  .  the  old  Federal  party  long  enough  ho  crushed  it  and  reared  the 

Anti-Masonic  parti.  ;  tossing  this  aside  when  it  had  subserved  his  purposes,  he 
became  quiet  politically  for  a  time,  until  upon  the  ruins  of  old  parties  rose  the 
Republican  party,  and  here  again  was  Stevens  the  master  architect, 

We  know  nothing  of  his  ancestors  and  have  no  antecedent  facts  upon  which 
we  can  see  why  he  was  the  strange,  strong  and  extraordinary  compound  he 
was.  We  only  know  he  rescued  his  name  from  deepest  obscurity  and  wrote  it 
in  bright  Letters  across  the  scroll  of  fame.  When  his  flaming  sword  fell  from 
his  nerveless  grasp  it  passed  to  no  lineal  descendant's  hand.  He  was  the  first 
and  last  of  his  name  and  race  known  to  history. 

Among  the  earliest   settlers   in  what  is   now  known    as    Adams    County 


76  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

was  Patrick  McSherry,  who  was  the  progenitor  of  a  long  line  of  families  of  that 
name,  where  noble  and  honored  sires  were  followed  by  worthy  and  illustrious 
sons.  Patrick  McSherry  was  the  father  of  James  McSherry,  the  latter  born 
July  29,  1776,  near  Littlestown,  and  died  in  the  immediate  neighborhood  of 
where  he  was  born,  Febuary  3,  1849,  in  the  seventy-third  year  of  his  age. 
James  McSherry  was  the  father  of  James  McSherry,  Jr.,  of  Frederick  City, 
Md. ,  the  historian  who  wrote  the  history  of  that  State — a  writer  of  great  abil- 
ity, and  his  literary  productions  rank  among  the  best  of  American  histories, 
and  also  father  of  Hon.  William  McSherry,  of  the  vicinity  of  Littlestown,  and 
the  grandfather  of  William  McSherry,  attorney  of  Gettysburg.  Patrick  Mc- 
Sherry' s  name  is  perpetuated  in  the  town  of  McSherrystown.  It  was  laid  out 
as  early  as  1765  by  him. 

His  son  James  was  the  most  successful  political  leader  the  county  ever 
produced.  If  the  reader  will  turn  to  the  chapter,  giving  the  county  officials, 
he  will  find  the  name  of  James  McSherry  of  more  frequent  occurrence  than 
that  of  any  other  man;  commencing  almost  immediately  after  the  formation 
of  the  county  as  a  member  of  the  Legislature  to  which  he  was  elected  for  so 
many  succeeding  terms,  and  he  always  ran  ahead  of  any  other  candidate  on 
the  ticket.  From  the  lower  house,  he  went  to  the  State  Senate,  and  from  the 
Senate  to  the  Congress  of  the  United  States — in  the  XVII  Congress,  1821  to 
1823.  He  has  been  described  to  us  as  a  man  above  the  average  in  stature, 
quiet,  dignified  and  of  commanding  presence,  who  never  possessed  the  arts  of  the 
demagogue,  who  never  intrigued  for  his  own  nomination,  in  fact  hardly  ever 
attended  a  convention  in  his  life,  and  who  when  nominated,  maintained  his 
self  respect.  All  that  was  necessary  to  the  voters  who  had  known  him  all  his 
life  was  for  them  to  know  that  he  was  a  candidate,  and  bitter  as  were  the  poli- 
tics of  that  day,  no  party  shackles  could  restrain  great  numbers  of  the  opposite 
party  from  voting  for  him.  He  understood  his  constituents,  and  devoted  his 
political  life  to  their  true  interests.  Without  being  noisy,  he  had  the  courage 
of  his  convictions;  without  bluster,  he  was  brave  and  resolute  for  the  right. 
His  integrity  was  never  questioned,  and  to  his  old  neighbors  and  friends,  re- 
gardless of  party  lines,  the  envenomed  shafts  of  political  malice,  fell  harmless 
at  his  feet.  His  long  political  life  is  a  demonstration  that  an  office  holder  may 
live  a  clean,  upright  and  entirely  honorable  life. 

The  well  known  name  of  Col.  Hance  Hamilton  is  inseparably  con- 
nected with  the  early  history  of  York  and  Adams  Counties.  He  was  the  Napo- 
leon of  the  immigrants  who  settled  the  country  immediately  west  of  the  Susque- 
hanna. He  was  a  born  leader  of  men,  with  that  genius  that  founds  empires, 
organizes  States,  and  wields  boundless  control  over  great  communities.  He  was 
born  in  1721 ,  and  died  February  2,  1772,  aged  fifty-one  years.  The  executors  of 
his  will  were  John  Hamilton,  Kobert  McPherson  and  Samuel  Edie.  His  re- 
mains were  first  interred  in  Black' s  grave-yard,  on  Upper  Marsh  Creek,  where 
they  reposed  for  eighty  years,  and  were  disinterred  and  placed  in  Evergreen 
Cemetery,  Gettysburg.  The  quaint  lettered  stone  slab  that  was  placed  over 
his  first  burial  lies  prone  upon  the  ground,  and  soon  it  will  have  faded 
away.  The  county  owes  to  its  self-respect  to  put  this  grave  in  order  and 
place  over  the  ashes  of  the  illustrious  dead  a  suitable  monument.  He  was  the 
first  sheriff,  elected  in  1749,  of  York  County.  As  this  officer  was  then  elected 
annually,  in  the  1750  election  a  riot  ensued  between  the  supporters  of  Hance 
Hamilton  and  those  of  Kichard  McAllister— the  former  the  Scotch -Irish  and 
the  latter  the  Dutch  candidate  for  sheriff.  There  was  then  but  one  poll  in  the 
county,  at  York,  and  in  McAllister  Hamilton  had  an  able  rival.  Tims  from 
the  far  backwoods  of  the  outskirts  of  the  county,  came  these   two  men  as  the 


HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY.  77 

strong  men  of  York  County.  McAllister  could  rally  the  most  votes,  but  Ham- 
mid  nut  general  him  and  was  always  triumphant.  In  1751  Hamilton 
hi  elected  sheriff.  At  the  end  of  this  term  be  was  appointed  Judge  of 
the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  of  the  county.  In  1756  he  was  captain  of  Pro- 
vincial troops  in  the  French  and  Indian  war.  Was  at  Fort  Littleton  (Ful- 
ton County)  from  where  he  described  in  a  letter  the  capture  by  the  Indians  of 
McCord's  Fort,  He  was  at  this  fort  again  in  1757;  was  in  Armstrong's  ex- 
pedition against  Kittanning,  where  a  bloody  and  important  victory  was  won  over 
m,.  I,;, Hans.  May  31,  1758,  he  was  commissioned  lieutenant-colonel,  First 
Battalion  Pennsylvania  Regiment  of  foot  soldiers  of  the  Province.  His  will 
bore  the  date  of  January  27,  177'J.  four  days  before  his  death.  His  estate 
amounted  to  over  £:i,nni>. 

Nothing  is  now  definitely  known  of  his  children.  The  children  mentioned  in 
his  will  are  Thomas.  Edward.  Harriett.  Sarah  (married  Alexander  McKean), 
Mary  (married  Hugh  McKean),  Hance  Garvin,  George,  John  William  and 
.lames.      None  of  his  descendant^  are  now  living  in  this  part  of  the  country. 

Hance  Hamilton  was  a  typical  frontiersman,  of  great  abilities  and  force  of 
character.  He  was  but  twenty-eight  years  old  when  first  chosen  sheriff,  and 
died  suddenly  when  only  titty  one  years  old.  Thus  in  twenty-three  years  he 
impressed  his  name  upon  the  history  of  the  country.  He  was  of  pure  Scotch 
blood.  Among  the  roll  of  "  the  forty-nine  officers  of  Scotland  in  1649"  was 
Sir  Hance  Hamilton,  who  obtained  adjudicated  lands  in  the  Province  to  the 
amount  of  L,000  acres. 

Culp,  a  name  found  in  our  ancient  records,  written  in  German  and  called  then 
Kalb.  but  now  goes  into  history  as  a  part  of  the  immortal  story  of  the  battle  of 
Gettysburg— Culp' s  Hill  being  one  of  the  first  points  after  Cemetery  Hill  for  the 
tourist  to  look  for.  The  head  of  this  family  in  this  country  was  Christophel 
Culp.  the  father  of  Peter  Culp.  who  was  the  father  of  Henry  Culp,  after  whom 
Culp' s  Hill  is  named.  The  first  Culp  named  above  came  to  this  country  in  1787. 
He  had  four  sons:  Christophel.  Mathias,  Peter  and  Christian.  The  first  died 
without  issue.      To  the  others  are  born  large  families. 

William  McClellan  (third)  was  the  father  of  our  present  John  H.  McClellan, 
and  was  born  June  21,  1763;  married  Magdalen  Spangler,  January,  1788,  and 
died  July  27,  L831.  He  was  the  son  of  William  McClellanJsecond),  bom  in 
Coleraine,  Ireland,  in  1785,  and  brought  to  Marsh  Creekin  1789.  His  second 
wife  (Mar;  Reynolds)  died  in  L796.  William  (third)  had  twelve  children. 
of  whom  Col.  John  H.  is  now  the  only  survivor.  He  was  sheriff  of  York 
County,  elected  and  re-elected  at  a  time  when  men  of  personal  force  contested 
earnestly  for  this  office.  For  150  years  the  family  name  of  McClellan  has  been 
a  familiar  one  to  the  people  of  this  part  of  Pennsylvania,  and  as  widely  re- 

■  1  and  h >red 

Capt.  Nicholas  Bittinger  died  in  Adams  County  in  1804,  aged  seventy- 
eight.  He  was  one  of  the  first  who  took  up  arms  in  the  war  of  the  Revolution, 
taken  prisoner  at  the  head  of  his  column  at  Fori  Washington.  He  en- 
dured a  long  and  hard  captivity,  which  induced  the  disease  that  terminated  his 
life.  He  was  a  son  of  Adam  Bittinger  (Bedinger  or  Beedinger,  as  the  name 
was  at   f  \  i  -  - 1  spelled)  who  came  to  this  country  in    1736.     The  father  and  son 

were  members  of  the  Con  mi  it  t >f  Safety  for  York  County  in  1775.     The  Bit- 

tingers  ro-ided  on  Great  Conowago,  Menallen  Township. 

Hon.  James  Cooper  was  born  near Emmittsburg,  Md.,  August.  LS09,  re- 
ceived a  collegiate  education  and  entered  the  law  office  as  a  student  of  Thad- 
deus  Stevens,  in  Gettysburg,  in  April,  1832,  and  was  licensed  a  lawyer  April 
28,  1834,  and  at  once  opened  an  office  in  Gettysburg. 


78  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

He  served  a  number  of  terms  in  the  Legislature  and  was  speaker  of  that  body; 
was  attorney- general  of  the  State;  two  terms  in  Congress,  and  sis  years  a  United 
States  Senator.  He  was  an  active  and  earnest  Whig  in  politics.  In  1857  he  re- 
moved to  Frederick  City,  where  he  renewed  the  practice  of  law  successfully  until 
1861,  when  he  was  commissioned  a  brigadier-general  in  the  United  States  Vol- 
unteers and  went  into  the  active  service  in  command  of  a  brigade;  but  not 
being  in  robust  health,  from  the  exposures  and  fatigues  of  army  life,  he  con- 
tracted a  severe  attack  of  pneumonia  and  died  at  Columbus,  Ohio,  in  March, 
1863,  aged  fifty-two  years. 

Mr.  Cooper  was  a  man  of  pleasing  manners,  about  six  feet  two  inches  in 
height,  a  fine  Grecian  face,  a  fluent  speaker  and  a  brilliant  and  successful 
politician.  In  1837  he  married  Jane  Miller,  of  Carlisle,  who  is  still  living. 
They  had  two  sons  and  one  daughter.  One  of  the  sons  died  in  the  army,  the 
other,  Mathew,  is  living  in  West  Virginia.  The  daughter  is  the  wife  of  Dr. 
Page,  deputy  surgeon  in  the  United  States  Army  at  Fort  Leavenworth. 


CHAPTER  XIV. 


War  of  1812— Adams  County  Regiments— The  Federalists  and  Democrats 
—"Friends  of  Peace"  Meetings— Toasts— Close  of  War. 


I 


N  the  early  part  of  the  year  1811  war  rumors,  vague  and  indefinite  at  first, 
-j_  began  to  pass  around  among  the  people  of  Adams  County.  Men  talked  and 
thought  about  the  matter  as  long  as  these  rumors  were  but  indefinite,  much  as 
they  were  Federalists  or  Democratic  Republicans.  The  Federalists  said  the 
Democratic  administration  would  not  fight;  that  there  was  a  "diminutive  crea- 
ture, even  as  contemptible  as  had  been  President  Jefferson,  at  the  helm  of 
State,"  and  our  Nation  would  crawl  in  humiliation  and  swallow  all  the  possi- 
ble insults  that  the  '  'effete  and  rotten" '  despotisms  could  heap  upon  us.  They, 
good  souls,  felt  gloomy,  and  hated  Jefferson,  Tom  Paine  and  James  Madison 
most  cordially.  The  Democratic  Republicans  had  no  organ,  and  largely  their 
mouthpiece  was  Dr.  William  Crawford,  who  published  long  addresses  to  his 
constituents,  wrote  private  letters  home  from  Washington,  and,  upon  occasions, 
made  flowery  speeches,  when  he  could  find  suitable  opportunities,  to  his  old 
neighbors  and  admirers.  His  own  faith  in  Jeffersonian  Democracy  was  earn- 
est and  sincere,  but  he  always  failed  to  infuse  his  own  enthusiasm  into  a  large 
majority  of  the  voters  of  the  county. 

The  Government  declared  war  June  18,  1812,  and  the  United  States  Mil- 
itia had  been  greatly  increased  in  all  the  States,  and  reorganized.  The  fol- 
lowing company  officers  of  the  Adams  County  regiments  held  frequent  musters, 
and  June  3,  1812,  a  military  order  from  Washington  commanded  them  to  hold 
themselves  in  readiness  to  "march  with  their  commands  at  a  moment's  notice. 
Of  the  Ninth  Regiment  Light  Infantry— Captain,  Samuel  Shriver;  lieutenant, 
Paul  Rider;  ensign,  John  Stine. 

Militia— Captain,  Sturgeon;  lieutenant,  John  Noll;  ensign,  George  Parr. 

Twentieth  Regiment— Captain,  John  McMillan;  lieutenant,  Jacob  Bushey; 
ensign,  Jacob  Peasacker. 

Fortieth  Regiment— Captain,  William  Bort;  lieutenant,  Amos  Underwood; 
ensign,  Adam  Spangler. 


OtfJj^oCh^'VL^&A). 


HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY.  81 

Nineti  third    Regiment —  Captain,    Victor   McTlhenny:    lieutenant,    Peter 

Slosser;   ensign.  George  Slaybaugh. 

Oapt.    Ralph   Laahells  senl   out    aotices  to  hia  command,    the   "Federal 
•  fcomeel  Eorparadein  Gettysburg,  Wednesday,  June   10,  1812.     He 

said:   ■■  Business  of  importance  to  each  member  will  !»■  transacted." 

May  30,  1812,  John  Randolph,  of  Roanoke-,  issued  a  flaming  appeal  to  the 
country,  and  in  the  latter  part  of  the  following  June  this  was  read  In  the  pro 
pie  of  Adams  County.  Then  they  wheeled  about,  and,  with  Randolph,  the 
I  Ms  opposed  a  war  with  England.  Randolph  pronounced  such  a  war 
as  "neither  with  the  interests  nor  honor  of  the  American  people,  but  as  an 
idolatrous  sacrifice  of  both  on  the  altar  of  French  rapacity,  perfidy  and  am- 
bition. ' ' 

Conoress  was  now  sitting  with  closed  doors.  Constant  messages  and  doc 
tunents  were  being  submitted  by  President  Adams;  the  public  excitement  ran 
high  all  over  the  country.  A  mob  in  Baltimore  "headed."  in  the  language  of 
the  Federal  papers  of  that  day.  "by  foreigners,"  assembled  in  the  early  part  of 
■  luly.  IM'J.  and  demolished  the  FnUrul  Urpiihlirmi  printing  office,  and  orders 
to  march  began  to  roach  the  militia  in  New  York  and  other  States;  drafting 
men  and  forming  armies  were,  in  ■Inly,  the  work  of  the  country,  and  "grim 
visaged  war"  was  upon  the  nation  upon  the  Federalists  and  Democratic  Re- 
publicans alike.  The  Federalists  at  first  growled  a  little,  and  said  it  was  a  bad 
war.  brought  about  by  the  Democrat-  to  gobble  up  Canada  and  ruin  thereby 
the  whole'world.  but  the  first  drum  beat  heard  in  the  land  acted  on  these  good, 
honest  patriots  like  the  fiddle  on  the  grim  old  preacher,  who  upon  hearing  it 
—knowing  full  well,  too,  that  the  devil  was  in  the  riddle— could  not,  for  his 
life,  refrain  from  dancing  to  it  with  all  his  might;  and  they  fell  into  line,  forgot 
their  political  enmities,  laid  aside  their  politics,  eager  and  confident  of  whip- 
ping all  creation,  and  abandoned  all  political  discussions  until  ' '  this  cruel 
war  is  over;"  but  this  united  enthusiasm  was  short  lived. 

In  August.    L812,    Gen.    James  Gettys  appointed  James  McSherry  brig- 
ade major,  and  Micheal  Newman  brigade  quartermaster  of  the  Second  Brig- 
ade.  Fifth  Division.    Pennsylvania   Militia.      A  government  recruiting  station 
janized  in  Gettysburgin  the  fall  of  1812,  with  Lieut.  Dominick  Cornyn, 
of  the  Twenty  second  Regular  United  States  Infantry,  in  command. 

Edward  McAuliff  deserted  from  this  State  in  October,  L812.  He  was  a  New- 
Yorker  by  birth.  Gen.  William  Reod  was  adjutant-general  of  the  State  and 
the  efficient  officer  in  organizing  the  soldiery  of  Pennsylvania  in  the  war  of  1812. 

The  war  had  been  in  active  progress  for  eighteen  months  with  scarcely  a 

te  paper  about  the  war  or  any  of  the  battles,  until  in  the  issue 

of  October  20,   1813,  it  announced  in   half  a  column  the  capture  of  Detroit 

and  all  Michigan,  and  the  capture  of  Gen.  Proctor  and  his  army.      Not  a  word 

[s  are  given,  or  even  the  death  of  Tecnmseh  stated. 

The  people  of  Gettysburg  all  rejoiced  over  Earrison'a  greai  victory.  The 
bells  were  rung  and  the  town  illuminated,  and  for  two  hours  muskets  were 
were  fired  and  the  people  paraded  and  huzzahed  their  joy  upon  the  streets. 
Harper  is  constrained  to  say  thai  on  this  occcasion  all  people  heartily  joined  to- 
gether and  laid  politics  ; 

A  new  quota  for  militia  had  been  levied  on  the  county,  and  in  May.  IMF 
these  new  levies  safely  arrived  at  Erie. 

In  18]  I  the  Legislature  passed  an  elaborate  act  reorganizing  the  State 
militia.  The  State  was  divided  into  fifteen  districts.  The  fifth  division  was 
composed  of  Adams  and  York  Counties,  with  the  First  Brigade  in  York  and  the 
Second  in  Adams  County.      The  act  also  specified  there  should  be  in  each  regi- 


82  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

ment  ten  companies  of  108  men  in  each  company.  This  new  arrangement  of 
companies,  regiments  and  brigades,  and  the  number  and  rank  of  officers  were 
nearly  the  same  as  we  have  it  now  in  the  army. 

The  state  of  political  feeling  wrought  out  in  the  county  during  the  war 
may  be  gleaned  from  the  celebrations  of  July  4,  1814,  in  Gettysburg.  A  short 
time  before  that  day  a  call  appeared  in  the  paper  for  a  "peace  meeting,"  and 
inviting  all  who  favored  peace  to  meet  and  honor  the  memory  of  Washington 
and  his  compeers.  So  warm  had  politics  now  become  that  on  that  day  each 
political  party  held  separate  meetings  of  celebration.  Of  the  first  the  paper 
says:  "A  numerous  and  respectable  meeting  of  the  'Friends  of  Peace'  took 
place  in  Lashell's  long  room  July  4,  1814.  John  Edie  was  chairman  and  Will- 
iam McPherson  vice-president.  '  A  sumptuous  dinner  was  prepared  and  the 
American  flag  draped  the  hall. " 

Among  the  regular  toasts  we  give  a  few  as  indicating  the  spirit  prevalent: 
Toast  3—°"  The  imperishable  memory  of  Washington — first  in  war,  first  in 
peace,  and  first  in  the  hearts  of  his  countrymen." Toast  4—"  James  Mad- 
ison—pusilanimous  in  war,  visionary  in  peace,  and  last  in  promoting  the  inter- 
ests of    his  countrymen." Toast  9  — "The  present  Army  of  the  United 

States— a  quick  and  safe  'backing  out,'  the  only  relief  for  a  rash  and  wrong 
beginning."  .  .  .  .Toast  12 — "The  American  Plenipotentiaries  to  Guttenberg — 
may  they  negotiate  a  speedy  and  honorable  peace  with  Great  Britain."  Among 
numerous  voluntary  toasts  by  the  vice-president,  Alexander  Cobean,  Maj.  Will- 
iam Miller,  Jacob  Cassat,  William  McClean,  John  McCanaughy  and  Alexan- 
der Kussell,  we  give  that  offered  by  Mr.  Cassat  as  follows:  "  May  the  copart- 
nership of  Democracy,  folly  and  corruption  be  dissolved,  and  the  debts  and 
credits  of  the  firm  placed  to  the  account  of  James  Madison." 

The  other  meeting  was  at  the  house  of  Frederick  Rupley;  the  day  was 
ushered  in  by  firing  a  field  piece;  the  flag  of  the  Twentieth  Regiment  sus- 
pended from  the  window.  Dr.  Crawford  and  James  Duncan  were  chosen 
presidents  of  the  meeting;  the  Declaration  of  Independence  was  read.  Among 
the  regular  toasts  we  extract  No.  11 :  "  Peace  with  honor  and  safety,  or  exter- 
minating war;  death  is  preferable  to  dishonor  or  slavery.  " Toast  16— 

"The  patriots  of  the  present  war — glorious  in  their  deeds  on  land  and  water." 
Toast  6.  — "James  Madison,   President— the  enlightened  friend  of    the 

country." Toast  5.  —  "  Thomas  Jefferson,  the  author  of  the  Declaration  of 

Independence— his  practice  in  power  proved  the  sincerity  of  his  friendships  and 
professions."  Among  the  voluntary  toasts  by  the  president,  vice-president, 
and  James  Gilliland,  Mr.  Cassady,  Workman,  Col.  Eyster,  Bell,  Col.  Kerr,  A. 
M  Worts,  Jackson,  McGrew,  Walter,  Capt.  Hoover  and  others,  we  select  one 
or  two  By  the  McGrew  brothers,  "just  returned  from  the  lines,  beg  leave 
to  offer  the  toast,  '  Their  fellow  soldiers  at  Buffalo. '  "  By  Mr.  Jackson,  "  May 
the  flag  of  the  United  States,  undisturbed  and  prosperous,  wave  over  the  uni- 
verse." By  James  Gilliland,  "The  American  heroes  who  have  shed  their 
blood  so  nobly  in  the  present  contest  with  our  common  enemy  on  sea  and  on 
land;  let  their  names  be  recorded  on  the  page  of  history,  never  to  be  blotted 
out."  The  evening  gun  was  fired  and  the  people  peacefully  retired.  The 
Federals  thought  the  war  not  only  cruel  but  unjust  and  a  great  crime,  and  in 
every  possible  way  showed  their  violent  condemnation  of  it  and  its  supporters. 
An  old  cast-iron  cannon  is  planted  on  Baltimore  Street,  as  a  hitching  post, 
that  has  a  history  of  those  times  in  its  own  history.  At  the  Fourth  of  July 
celebration,  or  rather  at  the  joyous  celebration  of  Perry's  victory,  and  Gen. 
Harrison's  capture  of  Detroit  and  Proctor's  army,  and  the  reclamation  of  all 
Michigan  from  the  English,  the  anti-war  men  would  not  allow  the  court  house 


HISTORY  OF  AH  Wis  COUNTY.  83 

bell  to  ringoul  the  joy  of  the  people.  So  this  old  cannon  was  hastily  brought  here, 
and  in  lien  of  the  bell  it  Benl  its  rebounding  echoes  among  the  surrounding  bills, 
and  defiantly  thundered  Eorth  the  deep  and  long  pent  feelings  of  those  wh 
eager  to  fight  "all  creation,"  if  said  creation  onlj  dared  to  touch  the  chip  on 

their  shoulder.     The  Federals  hated   Napol i,  the  Jacobins,  Jefferson,   Tom 

Paine  and  Madison  and  the  war.  Thej  were  in  politics  of  the  Bamilton 
school,  and  wanted  the  nation  strong  and  central  after  the  English  govern- 
ment     The]  proudly  designated  themselves  a  "peace  party."      So  uncalled 

for  and  dishonorable  was  the  war  thai   they  could  sec  no  glory  in  our  si 

brillianl  we  find  Mr.  Earper's  paper  sedulously  voicing 

the  sentiments  of  his  party,  bj  as  nearly  as  possible  remaining  whollj  silent 
.mi  the  movements  of  our  armies,  and  as  to  the  soldiers  from  Adams  County 
and  the  part  thej  took  in  the  war.  their  organization  ami  departure,  the  battles 
in  wbieh  they  took  part,  the  noble  lives  they  sacrilied  on  their  Country's  altar, 
even  theif  return  to  their  homes  after  the  war.  of  all  of  which  there  is  not  a 
line  nor  a  word  in  the  Centinel.  Not  the  slightest  allusion,  not  a  name  men- 
tioned, not  a  deed  or  sacrifice  described  in  the  weekly  issues  of  the  paper  for 
the  three  long  years  of  the  war.  It  affords  as  a  strange  and  suggestive  chaptei 
in  tin'  bistor;  of  politics  and  war. 

When  America  had  conquered  a  glorious  peace,  and  the  splendid  achieve 
ments  of  the  war  were  about  to  he  realized,  achievements  second  only 
Revolution  itself.  President  Madison  issued  a  proclamation  to  his  countrymen 
containing  the  tidings.  A  daring  Gettysburg  preacher  (we  greatly  regret  we 
cannot  ascertain  hi-  name)  had  the  audacity  to  read  the  proclamation  at  the 
regular  Sunday  services  following  its  reception.  Then  did  communications, 
denouncing  this  blasphemous  deed,  pour  into  the  columns  of  the  Centinel  from 
outraged  laymen.  Oh  horror!  "The  Bible  lay  nailed  to  the  pulpit."  exclaimed 
one,  "and  the  preacher  has  put  away  the  word  of  God  and  taken  up  the  awful 
slanders,  false! ds  and  blasphemies  of  that  little  creature.  -Tames   Madison."' 

During  all  the  war  they  cried  "  peace."  and  now  peace  had  been  conquered 
thev  were  only  the  more  completely  miserable,  politically.  In  war  or  in  peace 
they  would  have  it  that  the  country  was  plunging  headlong  to  ruin  ami  deep 
disgrace.  We  believesome  sage  once  said  something  about  history  repeating 
its, -If.  If  he  did  not.  the  intelligent  reader,  who  puts  this  and  that  carefulh 
together,  may  conclude  that  he  should  have  made  some  remarks,  squinting  a 
little  in  that  direction. 

Gov.  Snyder,  on  July  4,  1814,  made  full  appointments  in  the  reor- 
ganized militia  of  the  State.  He  appointed  William  (lilliland,  of  this  county, 
a  major-general  of  th(>  Fourth  Division,  and  Jacob  Eyster  a  brigadier-general 
in  the  same  division,  and  George  Welsh  a  brigade  inspector. 

In  September,   1Mb  the  i pie  of  Adams  County  began  to  feel  the  critical 

condition  of  the  country  from  the  advances  cf  the  invaders,  and  a  Longaddrese 
was  IBSUed,  urging  all  men  to  lay  aside  all  differences  and  dissentions  mi  po 
litical  questions,  and  a  general  meeting  of  all  patriots  was  called  to  convene  in 
Gettysburg  on  October  '■'<.  1M  1.  "to  consider  what  further  steps  to  take  to  re- 
lieve nur  distressed  country  and  the  sufferings  of  the   people." 

August  18,  1Mb  Gen.  Winder,  commanding  (lie  Tenth  Militarj  District 
of   Maryland,   wrote    from  Washington    Citj    to   Gov.   Snyder  this:    "  In  conse- 

qnen< f  the  arrival  of  hue,,  reinforcements  to  the  enemy  at  the  mouth  of  the 

Potomac,  I  am  authorized  and  directed  bj  the  President  to  require  from  you, 
immediately,  the  whole  number  of  the  militia  of  Pennsylvania  designed  for 
this  district,  out  of  the  requisition  of  the  Ith  of  July  last,  to  wit :  5,000  men." 

Washington  City  was.  as  is  well  known,  captured  by  the  enemy  and  many 


84  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

of  our  public  buildings  destroyed.  The  enemy  was  invading  the  country  by 
way  of  the  Potomac,  and  all  this  portion  of  the  country  was  seriously  menaced. 
All  men  might  well  become  alarmed,  as  they  did.  At  the  approach  of  the 
enemy  there  was  no  more  security  for  the  Federalists  than  for  the  most  rabid 
war  men — all  were  or  would  be  in  "the  same  boat."  Military  headquarters 
of  this  district  were  at  York,  and  at  that  point  was  in  rendezvous  a  number  of 
soldiers.  These  were  hastily  formed  into  a  company  and  marched  to  Baltimore, 
which  point  they  reached  in  time  to  be  of  good  service.  This  company  started 
from  York  on  August  29,  1814.  On  the  12th  of  the  following  month  they  en- 
gaged the  enemy  and  at  one  time  were  in  the  most  important  part  of  the  com  - 
mand  and  suffered  severely,  but  conducted  themselves  with  unexampled  gal- 
lantry for  raw  recruits.  "The  captain  was  Michael  H.  Spangler;  first  lieuten- 
ant, Jacob  Barnitz;  second  lieutenant,  John  McCurdy. 

On  the  29th  of  November,  1815,  the  troops  from  this  portion  of  Pennsyl- 
vania were  under  the  command  of  Gen.  Watson,  when  Gen.  Scott  ordered 
them  to  rendezvous  at  York,  to  receive  their  pay  and  be  mustered  out.  These 
were  the  troops  under  the  command  of  Gens.  Foster  and  Adams.  Gen.  Scott 
thanked  the  men  and  officers  for  their  general  good  conduct,  and  concluded: 
' '  The  men  had  borne  the  severity  of  the  wet  and  inclement  season  in  their 
tents  with  patience  and  forbearance." 


CHAPTER  XV. 


Civil  War— Recbtjiting  in  Adams  County— The  Military  Companies  and 
their  Regiments— Corp.  Skeley  Post,  No.  9,  G.  A.  R. 

THE  echoes  of  firing  upon  Fort  Sumter  had  hardly  died  away  when  re- 
cruiting soldiers  to  go  to  war  commenced  in  Adams  County.  The  pub- 
lic was  moved  by  an  unparalleled  excitement;  all  minor  issues  were  instantly 
buried;  politics  were  happily  forgotten;  the  people  came  together;  great  meet- 
ings assembled  in  all  the  towns;  patriotic  and  sometimes  eloquent  speeches 
still  more  deeply  aroused  the  already  excited  populace;  flags  were  displayed 
from  all  public  buildings  and  often  from  private  houses;  the  shrill  fife  and 
drum  filled  the  air  with  martial  music. 

Adams  County  stands  proudly  in  the  front  ranks  of  counties  in  the  number 
of  and  quality  of  heroes  that  she  sent  to  war.  Upon  every  battle-field  they  con- 
tributed their  full  share  of  stalwart  heroes,  ready  to  do  and  die  for  their 
country.  With  a  population  of  not  much  over  23,000,  she  sent  over  3,000 
soldiers  to  the  different  services  and  commands  during  the  war.  The  first  re- 
cruits were  Company  E — three  months'  men,  becoming  a  part  of  Second 
Pennsylvania  Regiment.  This  company  left  the  county  April  19,  just  one 
week  after  Fort  Sumter  was  fired  on,  and  was  mustered  into  the  service 
April  20.  Captain,  Charles  H.  Buehler;  first  lieutenant,  Ed.  G.  Fahnestock; 
second  lieutenant,  John  Gulp;  number  of  men,  78.  Next  company  recruited 
was  Company  K,  First  Pennsylvania  Reserves;  three  years'  service;  mus- 
tered in  June  8,  1861;  Captain,  Edward  McPkerson;  first  lieutenants, 
John  F.  Bailey  (killed);  W.  Warren  Stewart  (promoted  lieutenant-colonel); 
Henry  N.  Minnich  (afterward  made  major);  first  lieutenant,  John  D.  Sadler 
(killed   at   South  Mountain);   George  E.    Kitzmiller   (brevet  captain);  second 


BISTORT  OF    W'WIS  COl  NTY.  85 

lieutenant,  J.  J.  Eerron;  number  of  men,  11-.  Gen.  Stewart  was  brevet 
brigadier- general,  the  onl]  man  from  the  county  to  roach  this  position.  There 
was  next  in  order  an  Adams  County  company  that  joined  Cole's  Independent 
Maryland  Battalion  (cavalry),  in  the  three  years'  service;  captains,  John  Hor- 
ner ami  A.  M.  Ennter;  first  lieutenants,  W.  E.  Eorner  and  William  McHhennj 
second  lieutenant,  0.  D.  McMillan;  major.  H.  S.  McNair;  from  Adams 
Goonty,  88  men  The  next  was  a  detachment  of  drafted  men  in  the  Forty  - 
ninth  Pennsylvania;  estimated  20  men.  Then  Company  G.  in  the  Seventy- 
fourth  Pennsylvania;  one  year's  service;  iirst  lieutenant,  Jacob  Lohr;  esti- 
mated 40  men.  from  this  county.  Then  Company  1).  in  the  Seventy-sixth 
Pennsylvania,  in  the  three  years'  service,  was  a  detachment  of  ten  or  twelve 
Adams  County  men. 

Companies  F  and  Lin  the  Eighty  seventh  Pennsylvania,  were  three  years' men. 
Of  Company  F.  the  captains  were  C.  H.  Buehler  (promoted  major).  Willian  J. 
Martin,  ami  .lames  Adair;  first  lieutenant,  Theodore  Morris;  quartermaster, 
William  H.  Culp;  second  lieutenant.  William  F.  Baker.  Officers  and  men  in 
Company  P.  112.  Company  I.  captains,  Thaddeus  S.  Pfeiffer  (killed  at  Cold 
Earbor,  June  1,  1^04),  W.  H.  Laumies;  first  lieutenant,  Anthony  W.  Martin, 
(who  was  made  adjutant,  was  killed  at  Monocacy),  and  Edward  F.  Cole;  sec- 
ond lieutenants.  James  Hersh  (promoted  regimental  quartermaster),  Robert  K. 
Single;  in  this  company,  99  men. 

In  tho  Ninety- first  Pennsylvania  wore  32  drafted  men.  In  the  One  Hundred 
and  First  Pennsylvania,  three  years  men;  captains,  Henry  K.  Chritzman  and 
Henry  S.  Bonner;  second  lieutenant,  Thaddeus  Welty.  In  this  company,  55 
Adams  County  men.  Company  G,  same  regiment,  recruited  in  March,  1865; 
captain,  T.  C.  Morris;  first  lieutenant.  Robert  George;  second  lieutenant,  Sam- 
uel A.  Jong,  enlisted  for  one  year;  98  men. 

One  Hundred  and  Third  Regiment  Pennsylvania,  reorganized.       Company 

A,  first  lieutenant. George  C.    Corson;  second  lieutenant,  Samuel    Eiholtz;  85 
men. 

One  Hundred  and  Twenty-seventh  Regiment,  nine  months'  service,  Com- 
pany I;  captains,  I.  R.  Shipley, Christian  A.  Missley;  first  lieutenants,  James 
S.  Shoemaker,  Jerome  AY.  Henry;  second  lieutenant,  William  W.  Reed;  84  men. 

One  Hundred  and  Thirty-eighth  Regiment,  two  companies  from  this  county 
in  three  years'  service.  Company  B,  captains,  John  F.  McCreary,  George  A. 
Earnshaw;  first  lieutenants,  Jacob  W.  Cress  (promoted  adjutant),  H.  C. 
Grossman;  second  lieutenants,  Harvey  W.  McKnight,  J.  C.  Livelsberger,  Da- 
vid M.  McKnight;  LIB  men  Company  G,  captains,  James  H.  Walter,  George 
W,  Mullen;  first  lieutenant.  GeorgeW.  Wilson;  80  men. 

One  Hundred  and  Fifty-second  Regiment,  Third  Artillery;  captain,  James 

B.  King;  a  detachment  of  30  men;  in  three  years'  service. 

One  Hun. he, 1  and  Sixtieth  Regiment,  Fifteenth  Cavalry;  captains,  James 
Lashells,  George  W.  Hildebrand;  first  lieutenant,  John  K.  Marshall;  three 
years,    detachment  of   Adams  County  men.  411. 

One  Hundred  and  Sixty  -fifth  Regiment,  drafted,  nine  months'  men.  Offi- 
cers from  this  county;  colonel.  Charles  H.  Buehler;  lieutenant-colonel,  Ed.  G. 
Pahnestock:  major.  Xash  G.  Camp;  adjutant,  J.  Harvey  White:  quai-termas- 
ter.  Evan  T.  Rinehart.  Company  C;  captain.  Ebenezer  McGinley;  first  lieu- 
tenant, Charles  J.  Sefton:  Becond  lieutenant.  W.  H.  Lowe.  Company  D; 
captain.  Jacob  H.  Plank;  firs!  lieutenant.  J.  S.  Stonesifer;  second  lieutenant, 
John  Q.  Swartz.  Compau\  I',;  captain.  George  W.  Shull;  first  lieutenant, 
W.  J.  Bart;  second  lieutenant,  George  K.  Dutter  a.  Company  F;  captain,  John 
F.      Gilliland;     first     lieutenant,    Jacob     C.     Pittenturf;    second    lieutenant. 


HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 


William  N.  Saunders.  Company  G;  captain,  Jacob  E.  Miller;  first  lieuten- 
ant, George  Y.  Hoffman;  second"  lieutenant,  W.  C.  Beck.  Company  H,  cap- 
tain, W.  H.  Brogunnier;  first  lieutenant,  Franklin  J.  Martin;  second  lieuten- 
ant, Alfred  Helsel.  Company  I;  captains,  Nash  G.  Camp,  Edward  M.  Warren; 
first  lieutenant,  Noah  D.  Snyder;  second  lieutenant.  Isaac  Miller.  Company 
K;  captain,  William  H.  Webb;  first  lieutenant,  John  S.  Chronister;  second 
lieutenant,  David  Day;  800  men. 

One  Hundred  and  Eighty-second  Begiment,  Cavalry,  six  months'  service, 
Company  B;  captain,  Robert  Bell;  first  lieutenant,  James  Mickley;  second 
lieutenant,  Harry  G.  Scott;  SO  men.  This  company  was, at  the  end  of  its  serv- 
ice, reorganized  in  February,  1864,  and  entered  the  three  years'  service.  On 
its  reorganization,  Capt.  Robert  Bell  (promoted  major)  was  succeeded  as  cap- 
tain by  James  Mickley;  first  lieutenants,  Henry  G.  Lott  (killed),  Isaac  Bueh- 
ler;  second  lieutenant,  John  Q.  A.  Young;  131  men.  In  this  regiment  there 
-were  in  various  companies  detachments  of  Adams  County  men  in  all  40. 

One  Hundred  and  Eighty-fourth  Regiment,  one  year's  service,  Company  I; 
eaptain,  W.  H.  Adams;  first  lieutenants,  John  N.  Boger,  Philip  L.  Houck; 
second  lieutenant,  AdamB.  Black;  82  men. 

Two  Hundred  and  Second  Regiment,  one  year's  service,  Company  C;  captain, 
John  Q.  Pfeiffer;  first  lieutenant,  John  T.  Blair;  second  lieutenant,  John  J. 
McKinney;  102  men. 

Two  Hundred  and  Fifth  Regiment,  one  year,  Company  I;  captain,  I.  R. 
Shipley;  about  50  men. 

Two  Hundred  and  Ninth  Regiment,  one  year,  Company  G ;  captains,  George 
W.  Fredrick  (promoted  lieutenant-colonel),  Charles  F.  Hinkle;  first  lieuten- 
ants, W.  T.  King,  Calvin  R.  Snyder;  second  lieutenant,  J.  Howard  Wert;  100 
men. 

Two  Hundred  and  Tenth  Regiment,  one  year,  Company  I;  captain,  Perry 
■J.  Tate;  first  lieutenants,  Charles  J.  Sefton,  J.  C.  Martin;  about  40  men. 

Independent  Battery  B,  second  lieutenant,  Clarence  M.  Camp;  about  25 
men. 

In  detachments  assigned  to  different  regiments  there  were  50  Adams  County 
colored  men.  In  the  signal  service  there  were  about  15  men.  In  the  emergency 
service,  men  recruited  to  repel  invasion,  there  were  four  Adams  County  com- 
panies; Capt,  Edward  M.  Warren's  Independent  Company,  Cavalry,  three 
months'  service;  first  lieutenant,  Cyrenus  H.  Ftdwiler;  second  lieutenant,  Sam- 
uel N.  Eeker;  100  men. 

Company  A,  Twenty-Sixth  Regiment;  captain,  Fredrick  Kleinfelter;  first 
lieutenant,  William  F.  Hinkle;  second  lieutenant,  Luther  M.  Slater;  90  men. 
Same  Regiment,  Company  I;  captain,  John  S.  Forrest;  first  lieutenant,  John 
Q.  Pfeiffer;  second  lieutenant,  A.  T.  Barnes;  50  men. 

In  1862,  Capt.  A.  H.  McCreary's  Company;  first  lieutenant,  Robert  Bell; 
second  lieutenant,  Isaiah  W.  Orr;  60  men. 

There  were  three  drafts  in  the  county.  In  the  first  draft  the  quota  was 
filled  by  the  800  men  in  the  regiments  given  above. 

Corporal  Shelly  Post,  No.  9,  G.  A.  R.—  This  Gettysburg  Post  was  named 
in  honor  of  Corp.  Skelly,  of  this  county,  who  was  wounded  at  Carter's  Woods 
in  the  Millroy  fight,  and  died  in  Winchester;  he  was  brought  to  Gettysburg 
and  buried  in  Evergreen  Cemetery. 

The  post  was  first  organized  in  1865;  reorganized  in  June,  1872.  The 
charter  members  were  Theodore  C.  Norris.  William  McCartney,  J.  W.  Gil- 
bert, John  F.  McCreary,  W.  D.  Holtzworth.  William  E.  Cidp,  J.  A.  Kitzmil- 
ler,  John  M.  Kranth,  George  A.  Earnshaw,  J.  Jeff.  Meyers,  George  W.  Wikert, 


HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY.  s  ' 

J.  W.  Cress,  Peter  Warren,  S.  S.  Palmer,  A.  M.  Hunter,  A.  W.  Fleming, 
\\  Myers,  D.  J.  Benner,  JesseB.  loung,  W.  T.  Zeigler. 
Officer-  L  M  I',  uuk.  Commander;  H.W.  Idghtner,  S,  V.  C;  J,  I!.  Frey, 
JVC;  X.  G.  Wilson,  Q.  M.;  H.  W.  McKnight,  chaplain;  William  T. 
Zeigier  o  D  ;  H.  S.  Buehler,  0.  G;  Thaddeus  L.  Welty,  adjutant;  W,  H, 
Bupp,  S.  M. ;  J.  E.Wible,  Q.  M.  S,;  John  H.  Sheads,  O.  S.  The  Post  pur- 
chased the  old  Methodist  Church  and  have  it  nicely  fitted  up  for  a  hall. 


CHAPTER  XVI. 
Members  of  Congbess— Senators  and  Assemblymen— County  Officials. 

ADAMS  COUNTY  is  now  just  eighty-six  years  old.     In  1856  Mr.  Stahle  in 
his  paper,  the  Compiler,  published  a  list  of  county  officers.      This  chap- 
ter will  complete  that  list  to  date.  , 

CONGRESS. 

(District— York  and  Adams  Counties.) 
ISM —John  Stewart.  1808— William  Crawford. 

l,st>2— John  Stewart.  1810— William  Crawford. 

1m>4— James  Kelly. 

(District— Adams,  Franklin  and  Cumberland  Counties.) 
1812— Robert  Whitehill.  William  Crawford. 
1814— William  Crawford.  William  McClay. 
1816 — Andrew  Boden,  William  McClay. 
1818 — David  Fullerton,  Andrew  Boden. 

(District— Adams,  Franklin,  Cumberland  and  Perry  Counties.) 

1820— James  McSherry,  James  Duncan,  Thomas  G.  McCullough. 

1821— John  Finley. 

1822 — John  Finley.  James  Wilson. 

1824-  John  Finley,  James  Wilson. 

1826 — Jame-  Wilson,  William  Ramsey. 

1828— T.  H  Crawford,  William  Ramsey. 

1830— William  Ramsey,  T.  H.  Crawford. 

(District— Adams  and  Franklin  Cftunties.) 
1832— George  Chambers.  L838— James  Cooper. 

1834— George  Chambers.  1840— James  Cooper. 

1836— Daniel  Sheffer. 

(District— Adams  and  York  Counties.) 
is 42— Henry  Nes.  1846— Henry  Nes. 

l-.li      Moses  McClean.  1848— Henry  Nes. 

1850— William  H.  Kurtz,  Joel  B.  Danner. 

(District— Adams,  Franklin,  Bedford,  Fnlton  and  Juniata  Counties.) 
1852— Samuel  L.  Russell.  1858— Edward  McPherson. 

1854 — David  F.  Robinson.  1860— Edward  McPherson. 

1856— Wilson  Reilly. 


o»  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

(District — Adams,  Franklin,  Fulton,  Bedford  and  Somerset  Counties.) 
1862— A.  H.  Coffarth.  1868— John  Cessna. 

1864— W.  H.  Koontz.  1870— Benjamin  F.  Meyers. 

1866— William  H.  Koontz.  1872— John  Cessna. 

(District — Adams,  Cumberland  and  York  Counties.) 
1874— Levi  Maish,  re-elected  1876. 
1878— Frank  E.  Belzhoover. 
1882 — William  A.  Duncan. 

1884 — Duncan  was  re-elected,  and  died  before  being  qualified. 
At  a  special  election  December  25,  1884,  Dr.  John  A.  Swope  was  elected  to 
fill  the  vacancy. 

1885— Dr.  John  A.  Swope. 

STATE    SENATORS. 

(District— York  and  Adams  Counties.) 

1801— William  Keed.  1823— William  Mcllvaine. 

1803 — Rudolph  Spangler.  1824 — Zepheniah  Herbert. 

1805— William  Miller.  1825— Zepheniah  Herbert. 

1811 — John  Stroman.  1826 — Henry  Logan. 

1813 — James  McSherry.  1827 — Henry  Logan. 

1815— Charles  A.  Barnitz.  1829— Ezra  Blythe.' 

1817— William  Gilliland.  1831— Henry  Smyser. 
1819— Fred.  Eichelberger,  George     1833— David  Middlecoff. 

Eyster.  1835 — James  McConkey. 
1821— George  Eyster. 

(District — Adams,  Franklin  and  Cumberland  Counties.) 
1837 — Charles  B.  Penrose,  Jacob  Cassat. 
1841 — J.  X.  McLanahan,  W.  B.  Gorgas. 

(District — Adams  and  Franklin  Counties.) 
1844 — Thomas  Carson.  1853 — David  Mellinger. 

1847— William  R.  Sadler.  1856— George  W.  Brewer. 

1850— Thomas  Carson.  1859— A.  K.  McClure. 

(District — Adams,  Franklin  and  Fulton  Counties.) 
1862— William  McSherry. 

(District — Adams  and  Franklin  Counties.) 
1865 — (Contest  between  C.  M.  Duncan  and  David  McCanaughy;  the  latter 

admitted  to  the  seat.) 
1868— C.  M.  Duncan. 

(District — Adams  and  York  Counties.) 
1871— William  McSherry. 

(District — Adams  and  Cumberland  Counties. ) 
1874 — James  Chesnut. 
1878 — Isaac  Hereter. 
1882— Samuel  C.  Wagner. 

ASSEMBLY. 

1800— Thomas  Thornbaugh,  Henry  Slagle. 
1801— Henry  Slagle,  Thomas  Thornbaugh. 
1802— Henry  Slagle,  William  Miller. 
1803 — Andrew  Shriver,  William  Miller. 
1804 — William  Miller,  Andrew  Shriver. 


HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY.  9  1 


L805  Walter  Smith.  Andrew  Shriver. 
L806  Andrew  Shriver,  Walter  Smith. 
L807  James  McSherry,  James  Gettys. 
1808  James  McSherry,  James  Gettys. 
lsit'.t  James  McSherry,  James  Gettys. 
IMO     James  McSherry,  James  Robinette. 

1811  James  McSherry,  James  Robinette. 

1812  James  McSherry,  James  Robinette. 
1813— James  Robinette,  William  Miller. 
1814 — rames  Robinette,  William  Miller. 
1815 — William  Miller,  James  Robinette. 
1816    -Michael  Slagle,  Samuel  Withrow. 
1817 — Michael  Slavic.  Samuel  Withrow. 
1818 — Samuel  Withrow.  William  Thompson. 
1819      William  Miller.  William  Thompson. 
1820 — Jacob  Cassat,  Isaac  Weirman. 

1821 — Jacob  Cassat,  Isaac  Weirman, 

1822     Jacob  Cassat.  Isaac  Weirman. 

1823 — Jacob  Cassat.  Isaac  Weirman. 

L824    -James  McSherry.  George  Deardorff. 

L825-    James  McSherry,  George  Deardorff. 

1826 — James  McSherry.  Thompson  T.  Bonner. 

Thompson  T.  Bonner.  Ezra  Blythe. 
1828 — James  MeSherrv.  Thomas  Stevens. 
1829— James  McSherry.  D.  Middlecauf. 
1830 — James  McSherry,  Andrew  Marshall. 
1831 — Christian  Picking,  Andrew  Marshall. 
L832 — James  Potters.  William  Renshaw. 
[833 — James  Patterson,  Thaddeus  Stevens. 
1834 — James  McSherry,  Thaddeus  Stevens. 
1835 — James  McSherry,  Thaddeus  Stevens. 
1836— William  McCurdv.  Christian  Picking. 
1837— Thaddeus  Steven's.  Charles  Kettlewell. 
1838— Thaddeus  Stevens.  Charles  Kettlewell. 
1839— Daniel  M.  Smyser.  William  Albright. 
1840 — Daniel  M.  Smyser,  George  L.  Fauss. 
1841      Thaddeus.  Stevens.  George  L.  Fauss. 
1842 — John  Marshall,  Henry  Myers. 
1843 — James  Cooper. 
1844 — James  Cooper. 
1845 — John  Brough. 
L846  -James  Cooper. 
1847— William  McSherry. 
L848 — James  Cooper. 
L849— William   McSherry. 
1849 — Daniel  Smyser. 
1850— William  MeSherrv. 
1851— David  Mellinger. " 
1852 — David  Mellinger. 
1853— John  C.  Ellis. 
L854— Moses  McClean. 
IS.",.", — Isaac  Robinson. 
1856 — John  Musselman. 


92  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

1857— Charles  Will. 

1858 — Samuel  Durborrow. 

1859 — Samuel  Durborrow. 

1860— Henry  J.  Myers. 

1861— John  Bushey. 

1862— Henry  J.  Myers. 

1863— James  H.  Marshall. 

1864— James  H.  Marshall. 

1865— P.  L.  Houck. 

1866— Nicholas  Heltzel. 

1867— Nicholas  Heltzel. 

1868— A.  B.  Dill. 

1869— A.  B.  Dill. 

1870 — Isaac  Hereter. 

1871 — Isaac  Hereter. 

1872— William  S.  Hildebrand. 

1873— William  S.  Hildebrand. 

1874 — B.  W.  Stahle,  Daniel  Geiselman. 

1874— W.  A.  Martin,  William  J.  McClure. 

1878— W.  Boss  White,  J.  E.  Smith. 

1880— J.  Upton  Neely,  Albert  W.  Storm. 

1882 — B.  W.  Bream,  Frank  G.  Smeringer. 

1884— S.  S.  Stockslager,  Ephraim  Myers. 

PRESIDENT  JUDGES. 

1800-05 — Hon.  John  Joseph  Henry. 

1805-19 — Hon.  James  Hamilton. 

1819-20— Hon.  Charles  Smith. 

1820-35— Hon  John  Eeed. 

1835-46— Hon.  Daniel  Durkee. 

1846-49— Hon.  William  N.  Irvine. 

1849-51— Hon.  William  N.  Durkee. 

1851-73— Hon.  B.  J.  Fisher. 

1873-74— Hon.  David  Wills. 

1874— Hon.  William  M.  McClean,  (present  judge). 

ASSOCIATE  JUDGES. 

Of  the  associate  judges  appointed  prior  to  any  records  of  these  officials,  we 
find  the  names  of  the  following  who  had  been  appointed  by  the  governor:  Will- 
iam Gilliland,  JohnAgnew,  William  Scott,  William  Crawford,  Daniel  Sheffer, 
William  McClean,  George  Will,  George  Smyser,  James  McDevitt. 

1851— John  McGinley  and  S.  B.  Bussell,  elected. 

1856— David  Zeigler  and  Dr.  David  Horner,  elected. 

1858 — Isaac  Weirman,  appointed. 

1858 — Isaac  Weirman,  elected. 

1861— David  Zeigler. 

1863 — Isaac  Weirman. 

1866 — Isaac  Bobinson. 

1868— J.    J.   Kuhn. 

1869— Bobert  McCurdy. 

1873— J.  J.  Kuhn. 

1880— A.  F.  White,  William  Gulden. 

PROSECUTING    ATTORNEYS. 

William  Maxwell,  George  Metzgar,  Samuel  Eamsey,  George  Sweeny,  Bobert 


HIST0R1  OF  Al'. WIS  COUNTY. 


93 


S.   King,   WilletC.  Oglely,    Lndre*   G.    Miller,  William  N.  [rvine,  Da I  M 

Smyser,  Roberi     P.    McCanaugby,    Moses  McClean,    C.    G.    French,    Edward 

James  G.    Reed,    William    15.    McClellan,    William  A.  Duncan. 

A     i    Caver,  J.  0.  Steely,  E.    S.    Reilly,    D.  M.  Wilson,  S.    McSwope.      L877, 

d    S.    Reilly;    1881,  Samuel  McSwope;   L882,  Samuel  McSwope;  1885, 

John  M.    Krauts. 

SIIERI11  S. 

L845    -Benjamin  Shriver. 

IMS   -William  Fickes. 
1851-  John  Scott. 


1800— George  Laehells. 
L803     James  Gettye. 
1S0C       lacob  Winrott. 
L809     James  Horner. 
1812— John  Murphy. 
1815 — Samuel  Galloway. 
L818     John  Arendt. 
L821— Bernard  Gilbert. 
ls-ji     Thomas  C.  Miller. 
L827     Philip  Heagy. 
L830     William  Cobean. 
is::::     James  Bell. 
1836-  William  Taughinbaugh. 
L839— George  W.    McClellan. 
L842     Francis  Bream. 


1854     Henrj   Thomas. 
L857  —Isaac  Lightner. 

1  SCO— Samuel  Wolf. 
1863— Adam  Robert. 
L866— Philip  Hann. 
L869— Jacob  Klunk. 
1ST  - — James  Hersh. 
is;."'-  Joseph  Spangler. 
1878— A.  J.  Bowers. 
1881— J.  H.  Plank. 
1884— Samuel  Eaholtz. 


1S00     imissint 


CORONERS. 

No  trace  found  here  or  at  Harrisburg. ) 


1803— John  Arendt. 
1S0C— Henry  Hoke. 
1809 — Thomas  Cochran. 
ism     Samuel  Galloway. 
1815-  JohnF.   McFarlane. 
L818— John  Galloway. 
[821— James  A.   Thompson. 
1824— Dr.  David  Horner,  Jr. 
L827— John  Houck. 
L830  -S.  S.  Forney. 
1833     Dr.  George  L.  Fouss. 
1836— J.. hn  Ash. 

1839— A.  13.  Kurtz. 
L842— Dr.  David  Horner. 
1  sir,— Dr.  Joseph  N.  Smith. 
L848— Dr.  Charles  Horner. 
1851— Dr.  H.   W.  Kaufman. 


1854— Dr.  J.  W.  Hendrix. 
1857— Dr.  C.  E.  Goldsborough. 
1858— Dr.  E.  W.  Mumma. 
1861— Dr.  A.  B.  Dill. 
1862— Dr.  H.  A.  Lilly. 
1863— Dr.  T.  O.  Kinzer. 
1866— Dr.  W.  J.   McClure. 
1869— Dr.  M.  L.  Gates. 
1871— Dr.  J.  L.  Baehr. 
1873— Dr.  A.  Holtz. 
1875— Dr.  H.  W.  LeFevre. 
1877— Dr.  A.  P.   Beaver. 
1878— Geo.  L.  Rice. 
1881— Dr.  Geo.  L.  Rice. 
1883— Dr.  O.  W.  Thomas. 
1884— Dr.  H.  L.  Diehl. 


PROTHONOT  ARIES. 


1800 to  1 82 1    James  Duncan, appointed.  1 85  t- 


1821— William  McClellan. 
L824     George  Welsh. 

George  Zeigler. 

Bernard  Gilbert. 
In::'. i  -Joel  B.  Danner. 
1839 — A.  McGinley,  elected. 
1842— Joe]  B.  Danner. 
L845     Anthony  B.   Kurtz. 
1848— John  Picking. 
L851     W.   W.   Paxton. 


1857- 
1860- 

isc-j 
1865- 

1SOS 

1871- 
1874- 
1877- 
lssn 
1883 


-John  Picking. 
-Jacob  Bushej 

-J.  F.  Bailey." 
-Jacob  Bushey. 
-J.  A.   Kitzmillor. 
-Jacob  Melhorn. 
-Thomas  G.  Neely. 
-Thomas  (;.    Neely. 
-Daniel  ( Ihronister. 
-Robert  McCurdy. 
-S.  A.  Smith. 


94 


HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 


KEGISTERS 

1800 — James  Duncan,  to  1821. 
1821— J.  Winrott. 
1823— William  McClellan. 
1824— George  Zeigler. 
1830— John  B.  Clark. 
1835— Thomas  C.  Miller. 
1836 — James  A.  Thompson. 
1839— Jacob  Le  Fevre. 
1839— William  King,  elected 
1842—  Witlian  King. 
1845 — Robert  Cobean. 
1848— W.  W.  Hainmersly. 

CLERKS 

1800  to  1821— James  Duncan. 
1821— William  McClellan. 
1824— George  Welsh. 
1832— John  Picking. 
1835— Thomas  Dickey. 
1839— Joel  B.  Danner. 
1839— S.  R.  Russell,  elected. 
1842— D.  C.  Brinkerhoff. 
1845— W.  S.  Hamilton. 
1848— Hugh  Dunwiddie. 
1851— Eden  Norris. 


AND  RECORDERS.  T 

1851— Daniel  Plank. 
1854— William  F.  Walter. 
1857 — Zachariah  Myers. 
1860— Charles  X.  Martin. 
1S63 — Samuel  Lilly. 
1866— William  D.  Holtzworth. 
1869 — Samuel  A.  Swope. 
1 872— Jacob  C.  Shriver. 
1875— Nathaniel  Miller. 
1878— Samuel  B.  Horner. 
1881 — Jeremiah  Slaybaugh. 
1885—1.  S.  Stonesifer. 

OF  THE   COURTS.* 

1854— J.  J.  Baldwin. 
1857— H,  G.  Wolf. 
1860— John  Eiholtz. 
1863— James  J.  Fink. 
1866— Adam  W.  Maiter. 
1869— Henry  G.  Wolf. 
1872— Robert  McCleaf. 
1875 — Abraham  King. 
1878— J.  C.  Pittenturf. 
1881— F.  M.  Timmins. 
1884— C.  W.  Stoner. 


1801- 
1805- 
1807- 
1809- 
1812- 
1815- 
1818- 
1821- 
1825- 
1828- 
1831- 
1834- 
1835- 
1836- 
1837- 
1838- 
1841- 
1843- 
1845- 


COUNTY  TREASURERS,  f 

1847- 


James  Scott. 

Samuel  Agnew.  1849 

Mathew  Longwell.  1851 — 

Walter  Smith.  1853 — 

John  McCanaughy.  1855— 

William  McClean.  1857— 

Walter  Smith.  1859- 

■Robert  Smith.  1861- 

John  B.  McPherson.  1863- 

W7illiam  S.  Cobean.  1865- 

■Robert  Smith.  1867- 

William  Laub.  1869- 

■Jesse  Gilbert.  1871— 

-Bernard  Gilbert.  1873- 

■Jesse  Gilbert.  1875- 

-John  H.  McClellan.  1878- 
-James  A.  Thompson,  elected.        1881- 

-John  H.  McClellan.  1884- 
-David  McCreary. 


Robert  G.  Harper. 
John  Fahnestock. 
Thomas  ,\Yarren. 
George  Arnold. 
J.  L.  Shick. 
J.  B.  Danner. 
Waybright  Zeigler. 
-H.  B.  Danner. 
-Jacob  Trosel. 
-Jacob  Sheads. 
-H.  D.  Wattles. 
-W.  J.  Martin. 
-R.  D.  Armor. 
-W.  K.  Gallagher. 
-Charles  Zeigler. 
-Franklin  S.  Ramer. 
-Samuel  K.  Folk. 
-George  E.  Stock. 


COUNTY   COMMISSIONERS. 


1800 — Walter  Smith,  Henry  Hull  and  Michael  Slagle  were  elected  first 
commissioners.  Each  succeeding  year  one  was  elected.  To  simplify  the  mat- 
ter we  number  them  and  they  correspond  exactly  with   the  years;  as  No  1, 

*Were  appointed  by  the  governor  to  1839. 

|\Vere  appointed  by  the  commissioners  until  1841. 


HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNT!  95 

\\  alter  Smith  was  elected  in  1801.     No.  2,  Henry  Hull;  No.  3,  Michael  S 

No.  I.  Mo-..--.  McCleiin:  No.  ">.  Jacob  Cassat;  No.  6,  John  Bounce;  No.  7.  John 
Arendt;  No.  8,  Joseph  Swearinger;  No.  '.».  Samuel  Withrow;  No.  9,  Peter  Mact 
(one  year);  No.  L0,  Henrj  BrinkerhoflF;  No.  LI,  Peter  Mack;  No.  I'J,  Robert 
Hays;  No.  i:;.  John  Stewart;No.  L3,  Alex  Russell  (two  years);  No.  14,  Henry 
Smyser;No.  II  David  Stewart  (two  years);No.  L5,  Amos  McGinley;  No.  L6, 
Michael  Newman;  No.  IT.  James  Horner;  No.  18,  William  Patterson;  No.  19, 
.Joseph  Swearinger ;No.  20,  Archibald  Boyd;  No.  21,  Alexander  Mack;  No.  22, 
Harmon  Weirman;  No.  23,  John  Shorb;  No.  '24,  James  Paxton;  No.  25,  John 
F.  McFarlane;  No.  26,  Samuel  B.  Wright;  No.  27,  Jacob  Fickes;  No.  28, 
James  McHhenny;  No.  29,  Thomas  Ehrehart;  No.  Hi),  Jacob  Cover;  No.  31, 
John  L.  Gubernator;  No.  32,  Robert  Mcllhenny;  No.  33,  John  Brough;  No. 
34,  John Musselman,  No.  :;.".,  George  Will;  No.  36,  John  Wblford;  No.  37, 
William  Bex;  No.  37,  James  Ken-haw  (one year) ;  No.  38,  Daniel  Diehl;  No. 
39,  Joseph  J.  Kulin;  No.  10,  William  Douglas;  No.  41.  George  Basehoar;  No. 
42,  James  Patterson;  No.  43,  Peter  Diehl;  No.  4  1,  James  Cunningham;  No.  45, 
James  Funk;  No.  16,  Andrew  Heintzelman;  No.  IT.  Jacob  King;  No.  48,  John 
(4.  Morningstar;  No.  !'••,  John  Musselman,  Jr.;  No.  r>0.  Jacob  Griest;  No.  51, 
Abraham  Heaser;  No.  52,  John  Miclde)  ;  No.  .">:>,  James  S.  Wills;  No.  54,  George 
Myers;  No.  55,  Henry  A.  Picking;  No.  56,  Josiah  Benner;  No.  57,  Jacob 
Raffensperger;  No.  58,  Daniel  Ceiselnian;  No.  59,  James  H.  Marshall;  No. 
60,  William  B.  Gardiner;  No.  61,  Ephraim  Myers;  No.  62,  Jacob  Epple- 
man;  No.  03.  Samuel  March;  No.  (it.  Abraham  Krise;  No.  05,  Samuel  Wolf, 
No.  66,  Nicholas  Wierman;  No.  07,  Jacob  Lott;  No.  08,  Moses  Hartman;  No. 
69,  Emanuel  Neidich;  No.  TO,  Francis  Will;  No.  Tl.  J.  F.  Smith;  No.  72, 
JohnH.  Meyers;  No. 73,  John  Herbst;  No.  Tl,  H.  W.  Schwartz;No.  .5,  John 
Nunemaker;  No.  75,  J.  E.  Leas;  No.  75,  Isaac  D.  Worley;  No.  78,  Henry 
Gulp,  Jacob  Hainish;  1884,  Abraham  Sheely,  Emanuel  D.  Keller,  Jeremiah  T. 
Hartzell. 

Commissioners'  Clerks  in  their  order  were  as  follows:  John  Andrews, 
Alexander  Mcllhenny,  James  Brown,  "William  McClean,  Alexander  Russell, 
David  Horner.  William  King.  Henry  J.  Schreiner,  Robert  G.  Harper,  Jacob 
Auginbaugh,  J.  M.  Walter  and  J.  Jeff  Myers. 

DIEECTORS  OF  THE  POOR. 

In  1817  the  county  first  took  steps  to  provide  for  its  unfortunate  and  help- 
less  poor.  That  year  Charles  F.  Keener.  James  Robinette,  Fredrick  Baugher, 
Thomas  C.  Miller  and  Henry  Brinkerhoff  were  elected  commissioners  of  the 
poorhouse  site.  During  this  year  William  McPherson,  William  McGaughy 
and  John  Murphy.  Sr.,  were  elected  tin'  iirst  directors  of  the  poor.  Then 
followed  in  the1  order  elected : 

IMS      William  McPherson.  1829— James  MeKnight. 

L819     Fredrick  Boyer.  1830— Garret  Brinkerhoff. 

L820     William  McGaughy.  1831— James  A.  Thompson. 

1  82  1—  Daniel  Funk.  1832— William  Bex. 

|vj-_'  -Robert  McMurdie.  1833  -James  Cunningham. 

1823     David  Horner,  Sr.  (1  year).  L834     Jacob  Will. 

1823     George  Horner  (1  year).  1835 — Quintin  Armstrong. 

1824— John  Duffield.  1836  -Baltzer  Snyder. 

1825     Hugh  Jackson.  L837 — George  Irwin. 

1826— Daniel  Mickley,  Sr.  1837     Peter  Trostle. 

1827-   WilliamMcCuV.lv.  1  839—  Jacob  Sterner. 

1828— Peter  Diehl.  1840— Henrv  Lott. 


96 


HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 


1862— J.  M.  Bolinger. 
1863— George  Mackley. 
1864— John  N.  Graft. 
1865— Abraham  Krise. 
1866— John  Rohn. 
1867— Martin  Getz. 
1868 — Benj.  Deardorff. 
1869 — Levi  Schwartz. 

1870— Jacob  B.  Millar. 

1871— Jacob  Saunders. 

1872— Michael  Fiscel. 

1873— Jesse  Bucher. 

1874— George  Guise. 

1875— Joseph  Gelbach,  Samuel  Oren- 
dorf  and  Newton  M.  Horner. 

1877— John  Boblitz. 

1879— George     Lough     and       Henry 
Hartzell. 

1880— James  Reaver  and  John  B.^\  ink. 

1881— Peter  Mackley  and  Detrich. 

1882— Henry   L.    Stock   and   William 
Gulden. 

1861 — John  Eckenrode.  .       w    w     Pavton    J    J. 

^Teasurers  -John  B.  McPherson,  Samuel  Hutchinson,  David  Homer  Sr. 
Thorn  ™%e?  Samuel  Withrow,  James  Major gander  Cobean,  J.   B. 

D^-iT^B^aigjI^Mf^^^.  C.  &  R.  Horner, 
D,?lTop;Br.HNS.SS  A.  W.  Dorsey,  Dr.  J.  W.  C.  O'Neal, 
Dr.  Walter  H.  O'Neal. 


1841— William  Morrison. 
1842 — Garret  Brinkerhoff. 
L843  -William  White. 
is  |  I    -David  Hollinger. 
1845— John  Hostetler,  Jr. 
1846— John  Houck. 
1847— Thomas  McClory. 
1848— Henry  Brinkerhoff. 
1849 — James  D.  Newman. 
1850— Nicholas  Bushey. 
1851— James  Bigham. 
1852— Peter  Smith. 
1852— Joseph  Bailey. 

1853— Joseph  Bailey. 

1854 — John  Horner. 

1855— Garret  Brinkerhoff. 

1856— Fredrick  Wolf. 

1857 — Andrew  White. 

1858— Abraham  Spangler. 

1859 — C.  Musselman. 

1860— Jacob  Miller. 

I860— Isaac  Pfoutz  (2  years). 


1809- 

1810- 

1811- 

1812- 

1813- 

1814- 

1815- 

1816- 

1817- 

1818- 

1819- 

1820- 

L821 

1822- 

1823- 

1823 


COUNTY    AUDITORS. 

-Thomas  Pearson,  John  Stewart,  Jr.    Alexander  Cobean. 
-John  Dickson,  Amos  McGinley,  Andrew  ^  ill. 
-John  Dickson,  Amos  McGinley,  John  Stewart 
-John  Dickson,  Alexander  Cobean,  Andrew  ^  ill. 
-Alexander  Cobean,  John  King.  John  Shorb. 
-William  Thompson,  John  Dickson ,  Andrew  WilL 


-John  King. 

-Allen  Robinette. 

-Isaac  Wierman. 

-Peter  Mark. 

-James  Cunningham. 

-John  Duffield. 

-Samuel  Fahnestock. 

-George  Will. 

-John  Kerr. 

-C.  F.  Koener  (two  years). 


1824 — Moses  Funk. 
1825— David  Wills. 
1826— Robert  Mcllhenny. 
1827— Robert  Smith. 
1828— William  Patterson. 

1829— John  Lilly. 

1830— Charles  Kettelwell. 

1831— John  M.  Kesson. 

1832— Joseph  Baugher. 

1833— Joseph  Fink. 


HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 


'.•7 


1834— Samuel  Diehl.  1858 

1835 — Allen  Eobinette.  1859 

ls:iii      Fredrick  Diehl.  1SC0 

1 837— John  L.  Noel.  I  SCI 

1838— John  G.  Morningstar.  1802 

1839— Samuel  Durborow.  1863 

1840  -James  RuaBell.  1864- 

1841  Daniel  Comfort  1864- 

1842  Martin  Newman.  1865- 
1843— William  R.  Sadler.  lSCC- 
1 8  I  I  —Jacob  Dellone.  1867- 
L844  -Eli  R.  A.  More  (one  year).  1868- 
L845  Adam  J.  Walter.  L869- 
L846— John  C.  Ellis.  L870 
1847— A.  W.  MeGinley.  L871 
1848— Samuel  Durborow.  1872- 
L849  John  Elder.  L873- 
1850— F.  G.  Hoffman.  L874- 
1851— Andrew  Marshall.  L875 
1^:. 2  John  Diokson,  Jr.  1875- 
L853— Edmnnd  P.  Shorb.  1875- 
1854  Abel  T.  Wright.  L878 
1855— John  Haupton.  1SS1- 
L856     C.  Cashman. 

lv-"',      Uaac  Eereter. 


—John  Brinkerhoff. 

—Amos  Le  Fevre. 

—Henry  Dysert. 

—Peter  Dick. 

—I.  H.  Sherman. 

—John  Elder. 

—Joseph  Burkee  (three  years). 

—Jacob  Hall  (two  years). 

-J.  C.  Pittenturf. 

— Hemy  L.  Bream. 

-Martin  E.   Ballinger. 

— E.   G.  Heagy. 

-  I  >a\  id  Rhodes,  Jr. 

-Raphael  Sherry. 

-Isaac  Bender. 

-John  U.  Ruff. 

i  teorge  \Y.  Hartman. 
-F.  H.  Ebert. 
-Jacob  F.  Bream. 
-W.  Howard  Dicks. 
-A.  M.  Hunter. 
-Francis  Steffy,  S.  H  Eiholtz. 
-John  F.  Klingle.  Solomon  Pow- 
ers, Charles  Shaner. 


COUNTY    SURVEYORS. 

Moses  McClean  was  appointed  by  the  governor  the  first  county  surveyor. 
His  polities  not  suiting  the  governor's  notions  he  was  turned  out"  and  Moses 
onlj  became  the  firmer  in  his  political  faith.  Until  1850  this  office  was  known 
as  "deputy  surveyor,"  and  by  law  became  "county  surveyor,"  and  elective 
in  1850.  James  Boyd,  Samuel  Sloan  and  others,  of  which  we  can  find  no  rec- 
ords, filled  the  position  by  appointment. 

1850— Jacob  Diehl.    '  1865— J.  S.  Withrow. 

Iv,::     (i 'geB.  Hewitt.  1868— Jesse  D.  Keller. 

1856— Edward  Mclntyre.  1871— Jesse  D.  Keller. 

if«o — T0hn  *''  Brinkernoff-  1874— John  G.  Brinkerhoff.  and  is 

1862— John  G.  Brinkerhoff  the  present  ineumb  -nt  ( 1  > 

•  otNTY    SCHOOL    SUPERINTENDENTS. 

David  Wills,  the  first,  was  elected  in  1854.  ReubenHill,  appointed  L856;  AY 
L.  Campbell,  elected,  L857;  J.  K.  Mcllhenny,  appointed,  1858;  John  C.  Ellis 

appointed.  IN.,9;  .1.  ('.  F.llis.  elected.  lStiO;  Aaron  Sheelv,  elected  18(53  and 
re-elected.  L866;  J.  H.  Wert,  elected  1869;  P.  D.  W.  Hankey,  appointed,  1871; 
Aaron  Sheely.  elected  L872  and  re-elected  every  regular  election  since,  and  is 
the  preseni  efficient  incumbent. 

JURY    COMMISSIONERS. 

1867.  Henry  J.  Kuhn;  1867,  Cornelius  Lott;  1870,  Henry  Mayer,  declined 
to  qualify  and  the  court  appointed  Philip  Donohue;  1870,  John  D.  Becker- 
18  <3,  Samuel  Swartz  and  B.  W.  Reilly;  the  latter  declined  and  the  court  ap- 
pointed Maj.  Robert  Bell. 


HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 


CHAPTER  XVII. 

S»^d2  »d  "Lading  to  the  b-dn«  OJ  »c»  clients  -  *«  ^. «. 

ticed.      The  judge   and  attorney,   makmg  qmte  a  ca^lc      .  ^^ 

the  rough  roystering  and  ^etam^htang  and     ^a     c an      |  ^  ^ 

inent  men  of  the  country  received  their  baptism  into  tne  expei 
"VhTfolWn"  .ere  the  visiting  attorneys,  who  attended  the  first  court  m 

Charles  A.  Barnitz  and  John  LaAell..     Mi »«'      -■  D 

Br»™  Parker;  1815,  Samson  S   i.ng.  Natt ■SSL??'1!?   KdCtowdl,  Samuel 

r    V     ' 


BISTORT  OF  ADAMS  COUNT1  llll 

In  1817  there  were  admitted  to  practice  in  the  courts  in  this  county  Jamea 

Hamilton^  Jr.,  Calvin  Blythe  and   G.  W.  King;  the  latter  road  in  th,\,flic f 

John  McConaughT;  examining  committee,    James   Kelly.    Davi,l   i 
James  Dobbin.      Hub  year  James  Dunlap  was  admitted 

In  L819-  John  D.  Mahon.  At  the  same  time  James  G.  McNeely,  whoread 
Y"1"1"1"1  McConaughy;  committee,  David  Cassat,  Samuel  Alexander  Thad- 
dene  abe\  ens. 

1820      William  H.    Brown. 

1821— John  Gardner,  Walters.  Franklin  and  Daniel  Durkee.  Judire 
Durkee,  a  native  of  Vermont,  a  hatter  by  trade,  subsequently  read  law  re- 
moved  toLebanon,  Penn.,  and  commenced  thepractice,  and  removed  to  Yorkin 
is  J'      He  served  two  terms  as  presided  judge  of  the  York  and  Adams  Court 

1822— James  Dixon  and  W.  V.  Randall.  This  year  James  Buchanan,  af- 
terward President  Oi  the  I  mted  States,  was  admitted  to  practice  in  the  Adam, 
i  ounty  Circuit  Court. 

t  i     ,X,-H'  V'T1""'"1'  wLl"  had  read  uith  Thaddeus  Stevens;    committee, 

James  Dobbm,    John  McConaughy   and   Samuel    Ramsey.     Also  admitted 
samnel  R.  Russell,  William  Miller,  Jr.,  and  John  S.  Crawford 
v ,  1S'-'4— Cal,viu  Mason,  John  Evans,    Charles  B.  Penrose,   John  L.  Fuller 
Cidward  i.urnham  and  Samuel  Hughes. 

L825— William  D  Ramsey,  Robert  s.  King,  Fredrick  Watts,  Henry  H. 
(  assal  and  Hugh  Gallagher.  J 

L826  -Moses  McClean,  read  with  John  McConaughy,  but  applied  for  li- 
cense in  Franklin,  Venango  County,  m  1825,  and  was  admitted.  Returned  to 
Gettysburg  where  he  was  in  active  practice  for  forty-fiye  years.  He  was 
much  in  public  life-m  the  county  offices,  Legislature  and  Congress.  A  man 
yf  vigorous  inte  ect  and  dauntless  courage  in  the  pursuit  of  his  convictions. 
In  going  patiently  over  the  early  records  of  the  leaders  among  the  grand  race 
of  men  who  wrested  the  wilderness  from  the  savage  and  made  it  this  fair  gar- 
''""  '.''  Oivjhzation.  we  confess  we  found  no  character  to  which  we  could  live 
unmix-d  admiration  beyond  what  has  come  down  to  us  with  the  memory 
of  Moses  Mc(  lean.  This  year  also  William  Ramsey  and  Andrew  G.  Miller 
J  he  latter  served  as  United  States  Judge  in  the  Territory  and  State  of  Wis- 
cousin.  J 

JS-7     T1" ""!'-  Kelly,  Morgan  Ash  and  Willett  C.  Oglesbv. 

1829     Thomas  Craighead. 

1831— William  Price,  Daniel  M  Smyser,  who  had  read  with  Thad  Stev 
ens  Smyser  was  elected  president  judge  of  Bucks  and  Montgomery  Dis- 
tnct  in  1851  where  he  served  with  eminent  ability  ten  years.  He  served  in 
iam  m'^w.'i]"'''  ;"  positions.     This  year  was  admitted  also  Will- 

1832     William  Frazier. 

1833 — John  Williamson.  James  Devor. 

offln18347rJam!?  * '" "]7  Td  i°Seph  Chambers-  Mr.  Cooper  read  in  Stevens' 
office.  Commit,.,.  Charles  B.  Penrose,  Andrew  G.  Miller,  Fredrick  Watts. 
He  was  an  able  lawyer  and  brilliant  politician;  in  the  Legislature  a  number 
of  times;  a  member  of  Congress,  and  when  serving  a  term  in  the  Legislature 
was  elect, -d  (  mted  St;,),,  Senator. 

-t!83^^'  ^  ,'"""'  Thomas  C.  Hambley,  Joseph  M.  Palmer.  Rob- 
ert J.  Frsher.  Albert  C  Ramsey,  Robert  F.  McConaughyf  William  Carothers 
Samuel  Hepburn      Judge  Fisher  read  law  with  his  father  in  Harrisbure    and 

was  licensed  in  August,  1828;  removed  to  York  the  same  year  and  there  made 
ins  permanent  home. 


1Q2  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

1839-GottleibS.  Orth,   Oo^f^^^SS'^^Z 

both  went  to  Indiana  and  became  leaders  in the  Republican  g    y^  ^ 

abyi843-lBaacH.  MeCau  ey^hl  ham  H.  M-  Baird>    Ed. 

JfTiSS  Boh^S  ^e^W^T    McClellan,    Cyrus  O. 

^o-Andrew  Neil,  Henry  Heed  Thomas  McCreary:  David  McConaughy 

rl£°SS:i**,   Thomas  C.   Cochran,   Carson 

C.  Moore,  Thomas  J    McKaig,  Benjamin  Herr.  Slaymaker,    James 

1847— James  H.  Hauke,  James  J.  1..  JNailie,  nenr^ 

G.  Eeed. 

P-  P°tts-  „  i     ;«    Twirls  Stevens.       Judge  Wills  was  ap- 

1853-David  Wills  ™f™f^l™ZtoteZ&  of  the  term  in  that  year. 

pointed  president  judge   n  1874  and  mttook  McClean's  office. 

P     1854-Jacob  S.  StaUe;  Wdham  McCleaa  read  in  incumbent)   and 

He  was  appointed  president  judge  in  1874,  and  is  tue  p 

has  just  heen  unanimously  re-elected. 

HSzJi  I££££S£*  *  B.  Buehler  and  James  Cooper. 
?857-*esbitt  Baugher  read  with  D.  flg^g*  m 

1858-J.  "  57dctl  S: ?D  McCoaaugly;  William 
A   iln^l   JWClov^iwol^lyd  with  R.  G.  McCreary.     James  Kerr 

Mcllhenny  read  with  Judge  D.  Wills.  Buehler.     Arthur  N.    Green, 

1860A  J.  Vandersloot  read  wdh  IX  ^  f^  rf  the  bench  and  bar 
William  Adams,  William  Hay  J.  J.  Herron  pv  ^ainted  with  the  history 
-of  Bureau  County,  111,  a  short  time  ago,  I  became  acqu  m      His 

of  an  attorney,  J.  J.  Herron   ^  ^**ZTw8.  learned  he  was  regarded 
career  there  had  been  raAf!*J;     (n  that  part  of  Illinois      He 

ssie:  iStffi  fi£  ss  f;  p^.  i  am  ***,  mcw 

to  the  belief  this  is  the  same  man.— En.  J 
1861— William  A.  Sponsler. 
i862-J.  Frank  Siess,  Calvin  D   Whitney 
1863— J.  Q.  A.  Pfeiffer,  read  with  R.  G.  McCreary. 
1864— J.  Harvey  White. 

SK££SM** jgfy^E,  Jo8epk  H.  Le ^ 

1868— John  M.  Young  read  with  Judge  u. 
read  with  D.  McConaughy. 

1  crq  —William  R.  Eyster.  wn= 

1870-Rudolph  M.  Snick  read  with  Judge  Wills. 


HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY.  |l).> 

1871  John  Hay  Brown,  student  of  D.  L  Buehler;  J.  A.  Kitsmiller  Btu 
deni  with  Judge  Wills;  Hart  Gilbert  read  in  office  of  R.  G.  McCrean  M  W 
Jacobs,  alsowith  McCreary;   Roberi  E.  Wright. 

1ST:'  Joseph  Douglas,  Edward  s.  ReiUy,  William  S.  Steneer;  Roberi 
Agnewread  with  Judge  Agnew. 

1873-  W.  Hamilton  Bailej  read  with  Judge  Wills;  George  J.  Bond 
M  (  ""''nan;  the  latter  served  as  president  judge  of  the  ('umbcla  i>,1 
District. 

|sT  t  H  ('-  Dean,  John  A.  Kuhn,  Joseph  R.  Kuhn,  II.  E.  SheafFer  Johi 
( 'ornman. 

L875     Stewart  M.  Leidich. 

ls7r'  s-  McSwope  read  with  Judge  Wills:  W.  C.  Stover  read  with  D 
MoConaughy;  John  L.  Cendlehart,  studeni  of  Judge  Wills;  John  L  Hill  Jr 
read  in  office  of  R.  J,  McCreary. 

.    J877— Charles  M.  Wolf,    now   in  Hanover;  Edward  J.  Cox  read  with'    I: 
(..  McCreary;  D.  McC.  Wilson,  with  D.  McConaughy. 

1878  William  McSherry,  Jr.,  student  of  E.  S.  Reilly  (deceased)  and  Will- 
Lam  McSherry,  Sr. ;  Charles  E.  Fink;  David  Horner  (deceased)  read  with  Da- 
vid \\  ills. 

L879     Benton  Dully,  W.  A.  Scott,  with  Judge  Wills. 

L880— Calvin   I'.  <  >.  flames,  with  R.  (!.  McCreary. 

1881— G ge  J.  Benner,  with  R.  <;.  McCreary. 

Jooc- A'  AV'  F1,'"lin"-  Jr-  (deceased)  read  with  J.  C.  Neely. 

188o— Charles  S.  Duncan  read  in  Philadelphia:  William  Arch  McClean 
read  witt  Ins  father.  Judge  William  McClean;  E.  A.  Weaver  read  with  Mc- 
Creary &  Duncan;  George  W.   Walter,  student  of  Judge  David  Wills 


CHAPTER  XVIII. 


lot.  rt <  ai.- -The    Revolution-Party    Spirit-Jefferson   and   Hamilton 
F™t   County    Convention    IIepi  blican  Democrats    and  •  Federals 
Hon.  \\  ti.Li.vM  McSherry-Political  Fa<  hons    Elections— Federai  ists 
and  Republicans  ("Demo,  rats")    a  "Cockade" Bow  -Federal^Rep    •• 

LICANS    'ND  DEMOCRATS-THE    "CeNTINEL"      ELECTIONS  TO  1814 

FT  was  many  years  after  the  first  settlement  before  the  people  had  the  great 
-L  luxury  of  anything  like  our  present  American  politics.  For  a  half  century 
or  more  after  the  tirst  settlement  they  simply  had  none  at  all.  They  were  ill 
l"'""-11  subject  and  the  very  first  question  looking  toward  eve,,  politica]  ideas 
is  a  suggestion  from  the  acting  governor  of  the  Province,  in  which  he  rave 
notice  thai  a  great  many  Germans  were  coming  into  the  country,  without'mv 
^I""'1'''1  permission  to  do  so,  and,  withoul  reportingto  the  authorities  who  they 
"'■'.'"  '"'  "ll"r"  "'".v  were  fr<  m  or  whj  they  came,  were  proceeding  to  the  in 
tenor  and  had  commenced  opening  fan,,-  and  making  settlements.  This  all 
Bounds  strangely  enough  now.  but  was  natural  enough  then.  The  country  was 
English  territory,  .and  loyalty  to  the  King  was  the  predominant  question  among 
the  deputy  rulers  of  the  country.  s 

In  a  few  years  after  the  first  settlement  in  Adams  County,  as  early  in  fact 
as  1,W>,  commenced  to  gather  her,,  the  storm  that  eventually  broke  "upon  thit 


104  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

There  had  been  local  and  ^ghborhood  qgrrtjpto^  ^g   ^  &  ^ 

were  all  questions,  or  nearly  all.  ^.^T*7'^  means  but  generally  good-na- 
ly  nervous  organization,  not  ^asciWe   by  an>   means    bu    g  ^g 

turedandrohcksome,  o-.^^^^^XmaS  persistent,  slow,  untiring, 
bor  was  the  total  opposite  of  this  ™g™  m\  to  be  let  alone.  They 
peaceful  and  industrious.  He  wanted  only  Pg^JJaSiiSly  agreed  At  first 
were  all  Protestants  in  religionand we ,m  to* [^~^d  Jg  Germans  de- 
they  could  find  nothing  else  to ^disagree about,  ^»™™  ^  ^ 

rnanding  of  the  proprietaries  that  th  ey sellno  m JJJJJ^ °  lad  to  locato 

all  common  dangers,  to  ^^XSd  KT^^   fact  ^self 
people.     They  forgot  all  else  and  rushed _  togetne  ^  rea      fo 

would  rub  off  many  a  sharp  point  of  J'^f^Beriinfoate  in  their  ferocity, 
kill  all  that  they  found  d^s^sV  ^JZte£oT^  e&ch  other  tended  to  a 
and  the  tendency  of  a  common  defense  '^^^^  people  constantly 
like  indiscrimination.       The  war  gone,  howevei  ,, am ^J  J      Just  ^ 
coming  in,  the  old  feelings  were  again  mamfestrng  them  el  ^ 

however,  came  the  first  rumblings  of  the  B?™^J  s£n of  that  common  and 
of  the  people  was  held,  and  here  was  the  J*^^^  m  the  history  of 
indissoluble  bond  of  brotherhood  one  "JSt^XtoS  seven  rears  of  war- 
mankind,  that  was  required  that  so  tested ^men  in ^the  long ^  ^  ^ 
that  was  crowned  with  our  liberties  5^™*^™^  0r  less  over  the 
of  Liberty  that  has  since  spread  its  piotectmg  snaae  mo 

'    ""The  Eevolution  fought  out,  our  liberties  obtained,  *«^* J^S 
-really  for  the  first  time  presented  to  nian-of  — gg "£E  gor- 

one  term  of  Adams,  or  down  to  1801.      lowai ^  ™e  *  g0vern- 

term,  or  with  the  dawn  of  ^^g2£K  we  Z Z  firS  and  for  a 
ment  policies.  Looking  back  over  ™^0^.»^eIlces  or  sides  on  which  it 
few  years  see  only  the  one  main  P^^^Te'ak  across  the  sky  was 
was  possible  to  form  parties.     The  first  daoowaDM  designate), 

the  charge  first  made,  by  the  Adams  Putins  ^7  ^Q  ^  not 
that  all  those  (these  afterward  turned  on to  be  the  J  ette  Con^tution.  On 
think  as  they  did  were,  by  their  acte,  tending  to  djtaoj  t  ^^ 

the  other  hand,  there  were  those  W^^JS^  Ration  by  bad  advis- 
had  been  a  good  man,  but.  surrounded  during  his  adm u    ■<  -^ 

ers.      Jefferson  began  to  loom  up  as  the  next  possible  cuunome 
hour  and  every  day  the  lines  began  to  be  formed  wJSSi  were  at  once 
son  men  were  soon  taunted  as ,  Jacobins _   Tw  J ^5  one  occasionally  call- 
formed,  each  calling  itself  by  the  name  Repub hcan  but  one  ^ 
ino-  itself  Federal  Republican,  and,  in  the  course  oi  lime, 
times  called  Democratic  Republican. 


HISTORY    iF  ADAMS  CO0NTY.  105 

Consulting  the  early  party  r rds  among  the  g I   , pie  of  Adams  it  is 

rather  amusing  to  notice  how  difficult  (in  many  cases  where  parties  aspired  to 
office)  apparently,  it  was  for  them  to  make  up  their  minds  which  party  thei  be 
longed  to.  Ln  a  few  instances  thej  would  be  candidates  on  the  ticket  of  one 
partj  one  year,  and  the  next  year  on  the  tioket  of  the  opposite  party      But 

this  never,  it  seems,  occurred j  in  the  case  of  defeated  candidates    '  Where 

a  candidate  got  in  that  seemed  to  fix  his  future  politics  unalterably  Just 
a  httlc  Lit  more  than  like  results  invariably  do  now  a  days. 

Early  in  1800  the  Pennsylvania  State  Senate  held  an  important  and  exciting 
meetingon  the  subject  of  appointing  presidential  eleetors.  The  Senate  con- 
cln*8e  "  y11  "ul>  TOte  "-  "  separate  body  from  the  House,  and  very  solemnly 
resolves  ,h.lt  to  meet  in  joint  convention  would  be  to  virtually  abandon  having 
two  hou.es  of  the  Legislature.  This  seems  to  have  presented  a  serious  and  ex- 
citing question  at  that  time. 

In  November,  L800,  there  appeared  a  communication  of  nearly  two  columns 
in  the  Adams  Centinel,  signed  "An  American,"  and,  so  far  as  we  can  now 
learn,  it  was  a  fair  and  well  written  article,  attempting  to  show  the  status  m 
tie.  oountj  of  political  affairs,  as  to  who  was  who.  The  writer  says  there  has 
been  great  misunderstanding  in  the  country  on  the  division  of  political  parties 
and  that  they  are  not.  as  is  oft,,,  asserted,  divided  into  "  Monarchists  and  Re- 
publicans, but  says  the  people  who  brought  about  the  formation  of  the 
present  Government  are  Federal  Republicans.  "A  party  exists,"  he  says 
•that  originated  in  a  dislike  to  the  Constitution  and  Government,  and  is  com' 
posed  ot  men  who  have  and  may  justly  be  called  Anti-Federalists  " 

1  his  is  not  a  very  satisfactory  explanation  of  exactly  the  state  of  politics- 
at  leas  it  would  not  be  so  considered  now.  But  is  it?  It  is  too  short  for 
any  understanding  of  our  present  politics,  but  it  was  clearly  a  complete  expose 
of  that  day  s  political  doings.  "A  dislike  to  the  Government  and  Constitution  " 
m  the  eyes  of  our  good  old  Federal  fathers,  was  no  small  political  offense 
It  was  a  political  crime  not  to  be  forgiven  in  the  next  world  and  to  be  shown 
no  kind  of  mercy  m  this.  Here  was  the  first  page  in  the  story  of  those  two 
great  statesmen  Jefferson  and  Hamilton.  The  latter  was  a  great  man,  one  of 
the  largest  minded  men  this  country  has  produced.  He  was  a  born  leader  of 
men .He .behoved  in  a  strong,  central  government,  patterned  as  closelv  as 
possible  after  the  English  Government,  so  as  to  have  the  greatest  security  to 

all    really  the  greatest  Er lorn  and  the  permanency  of  our  Federal  institutions 

Following  the  leadership  of  Hamilton,  there  is  now  no  question  of  the  fact 
were  the  majonty  of  the  wealthy,  the  educated  and  the  aristocracy  (we  only  use 
this  word  to  draw  a  distinction   more  clearly). 

Jefferson  was  the  opposite  of  Hamilton  in  every  one  of  his  political  ideas 
He  would  plaee  all  possible  power  in  the  hands  of  the  people.  Hence  he  held 
the  State,  were  supreme,  except  only  where  the  Constitution,  in  express  words 
reserved  to  the  G. ral  Government  certain  powers  specified;  that  the  Gen- 
eral Government  could  go  thus  far  in  its  arts  and  no  farther 

_  Here  was  the  starting  point  tin-  rise  -of  all  the  political  parties  that  have, 
existed  ,n  this  country  for  the  pasi  three-quarters  of  a  century.  I.  matters  not 
what  names  they  may  have  been  known  by.  nor  what  issues  have  arisen  out  of 
party  struggles  for  power,  what  this  party  has  accomplished  or  that  party 
faded  to  accomplish^ their  respective  roots  were  in  the  brains  and  thoughts 
of  Hamilton  and  Jefferson.  ° 

.  [t  '-,'"''  '"  '"  ^ondere  1  al  thai  the  people  at  first  flush  did  not  fully  un- 
derstand these  great  political  questions,  and  that  intelligent  men  often  "were 
for  -one.  years  in  honest  doubl  as  t  .  where  their  p  .litical  standing  was        \s  an 


I06  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

evidence  of  the  fact  that  men  just  then  were  more  concerned  in  bread  and  but- 
H,  thnn  in  nolitics    one  need  only  recite  the  following  anecdote: 

Shy        S     Charles  Wilson;    Huntington,    John    Bonner,    Wta 
Thompson    Berwil  Frederick  Baugher,  John  Hersh;  Strabane  ^f^ 

the  ticket  of  the  Federal  party  .  follows"     For 

The  Republicans  had  a  meeting  and  nominated  a  tick et  as    ollows. 
Annate    William  Reed.       For  Assembly,   Walter  Smith   and   John  U  JMien. 

SSS-SS Emanuel  Zeigler.      The  ^f^^^t^T^l 
Agnew,  chairman;   J.  Duncan,  secretary;  and  Jacob  Hostetteiiiedne^ 
ri Ct   Henry  Miller,  Valentine  Emig,  Leonard  Eichelberger,  Casper  Hake, 

Crawford    William  Maxwell,  Tobias  Kepner,  Peter  TV  olfoid. 

™  aanh  ticket  but  for  different  offices.  At  the  election,  Reed  was  elected  sen 
lr  He  wt  456  votes  behind  in  Adams  County,  but  York  gave  him ^  nearly 
700 maiorrTy  On  the  ticket  in  Adams  County  the  vote  stood:  Thornburg,  829 
Slagk    796-McHwain,  401;  O'Blenis,  355.     For  Commissioner,  Smith,    762, 

^d^Connty   when  parties  were  -e  ^^ ^  ShteT X^ 
eral  in  politics  and  so  remained  for  years,      lnis  party  ioi  el^J  J 
STonly  newspaper  in  the  county      The  ^**^  FeK 
men  compared  to  the  founders  and  leaders  of  the  laterals,      in ^ 
Snks  werPe  the  bank  officers,  the  owners  and  presid ^   ^^£*£ 

S^eSn^Sfo^t 

^^ 

would  almost  as  certainly  be  carried  by  the  opposing  party 

lw  seventeen   votes.      He  was  the  most  popular  man,  politically,  eyer  iu 


HISTORY  OF    M'AMS  COUNTY.  107 

opposite  party,  was  the  year  of  almost  annihilation  to  that  party  La  the  balance 
of  the  State.  The  Federals  lost  aboni  everything  else,  but  they  gained  Me 
Sherry,  and  this  was  their  all  sufficient i-~nlati.ni. 

Che  triumphant  election  of  Mr.  Jefferson  in  political  parties  fairly  "  let  slip 

the  dogs  of  war."'     The  ruling  element  in  this  county,  in  fact,  all  our  people, 

if  different  races  of  men  and  severe  in  their  judgments,      [n  the  local 

paper  began  bo  appear  savage  and  denunciatory  political  articles.    In  the  ( 'enti 

m  i  of  September,  lsi»-_',  appears  an  article  five  columns  in  length  signed,  "An 

American."     It  is  No.   I  of  a  Beries  bj  the  same  writer.     The  people,  all  sub- 

-  to  the  paper,  read  these  Long  article-.,  and  probably  tiled  them  away 

for  future  reference.     The  Federalists  described  the  election  of  Jefferson  as  a 

revolution  backward;  an  overturning  and  destroying  of  all  the  work  of  Wash 

ington  and  his  fellow  patriots,     (hi  both  aides  wen'  the  most  dogmatic  asser 

tdons  and  wholesale  denunciations  of  all  who  were  not  of  their  opinion.     The 

hustings  were  fashioned  after  the  pulpit.     It  was  intense,  earnest  and  positive, 

and  knew  no  charity  for  error  of  judgment.      The  people  sat  in  their  churches 

shivering  and  freezing  with  cold,  listening  eagerly  to  the  long  and  dull  sermons 

about  dogmas,  and   they   were   physically  and  mentally  trained  to  read  the  in- 

lable  screeds  on  politics  and  work  themselves  into  a  frenzy  of  hate  and 

in\  part\  that  was  not  their  particular  party.     In  their  politics,  as  in 

their  religion,  they  were  austere,   uncharitable  and  honest,   and  they  could  not 

compromise  with  wrong  and  error. 

Dr.  Crawford  swore  "seven  profane  oaths,"  and  was  convicted  and  pun- 
ished because  he  swore  in  the  presence  of  several  gentlemen.  But  in  the 
newspaper  discussion  where  there  were  printed  words,  written  in  hot  anger, 
that  were  not  only  obscene  but  slanderous,  the  public  were  not  shocked  nor  the 
law  invoked  to  punish  the  hotspur. 

This  was  all  a  necessai  \  tutelage  to  the  public  to  mold  and  fashion  thecom- 
mon  mind  to  its  new  civic  surroundings.  It  was  severe,  and  to  look  at  it  now, 
without  some  understanding  of  the  surroundings  of  that  time,  it  appears  hard 
and  cruel,  but  it  was  not. 

!;  is  quite  evident  Dr.  Crawford  struck  back  at  his  political  enemies  not 
only  in  the  paper,  but  in  every  way  he  could  command.  In  October,  1802,  he 
published  a  notice  to  Alexander  Russell,  brigade  inspector,  to  appear,  under 
penalty,  at  the  house  of  Martin  Markley,  Gettysburg,  and  render  to  William 
Crawford.  "  appointed  agent  to  investigate  and  ascertain  the  accuracy  of  your 
returns  and  accounts.''  In  the  same  paper  are  notices  to  Messrs.  Brown,  Wat- 
son. Hornor,  Montgomery.  Leckv.  Scott,  Mcllhenny.  Schmvzer  and  Olzer,  cap- 
tains of  the  Third  Regiment  for  the  years  1794,  L795,  L796,  1797  and  1798; 
and  also  to  Finley,  Wilson,  .Meredith.  McKee.  Cross,  Shannon.  Charles  Wil- 
son,  Kerr  and  Rowan,  captains  of  the  Fourth  Regiment,  "to  attend  and  bring 
all  accounts  and  papers  and  returns  made,"  etc. 

August  I.  L802,  Mr.  Harper  had  a  political  article,  slashing  the  Jefferson 
Republicans  for  celebrating  their  victory  in  a  meeting,  but  he  signs  the  article 
"Editor." 

In  the  election,  October,  1802,  for  Congress,  John  Edie  had  '.(Hi  votes: 
John  Stewart.  641  votes.  For  Assembly,  William  Miller.  972  votes;  Henry 
Slagle,  928  votes;  A.  McHvain,  633  votes,  and  P.  Wickart,  522  votes.  For 
commissioners — Henry  Hull,  951  votes;  S.  Fahnestock,  049  votes.  Edie  ran 
ahead  of  Stewart  in  this  c<  >uuty.  but  the  remainder  of  the  district  elected  Stewart. 

In  1803  there  were  two  well-defined  parties,  and  they  were  growing  simply 
furious  in  their  party  discussions — the  Federalists  and  the  Republicans.  The 
latter  now  began  to  be  called  "Democrats" — never  spelled  at  that  time  with 


108  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

a  capital  by  the  Federalists.      It  seems  to  have  been  at  first  used  as  a  term  of 
reproach,  and  was  substituted  for  the  epithet  of  "Jacobin." 

In  the  election,  October,  1803.  in  Adams  County,  the  vote  was  as  follows: 
For  senator— Godfrey  Lenhart,  775;  Rudolph  Spangler,  775;  Fredrick  Eich- 
elberger  400  York  gave  a  majority  for  Spangler,  and  he  was  elected.  For 
Assembly— Shriver,  1,927;  Miller,  1,170;  Mcllwaine,  792.  Sheriff  Kuhn, 
784-  Giililand,  299;  Gettys,  1.131;  Horner,  1,111.  Arnt  was  elected  coroner, 
defeating  Welsh,  Marshall  and  Smyser.  Slagle  was  elected  commissioner  over 
Blythe  by  342  majority.  . 

These  show  about  the  division  by  the  people  politically  in  the  county 
between  Federalists  and  Republicans  (Democrats,  as  they  now  began  to  be 
sometimes  called).  . 

In  1805  there  was  still  some  confusion  in  men  s  minds  about  how  to  get  at 
just  what  thev  wanted  in  the  way  of  party  nominations  and  similar  matters 
At  the  June  term  of  the  court  the  Grand  Jury  took  the  matter  in  hand  and 
issued  a  proclamation.  In  this  day  such  would  be  a  rather  startling  proceed- 
ings but  we  must  remember  this  was  done  in  a  day  of  experiments.  Very 
properly  the  jury  proceeds  to  deplore  the  violence  of  party  spirit  abroad  m  the 
land  and  winds  up  by  recommending  voters  to  support  in  the  coming  election 
Thomas  McKean  for  governor.  The  document  is  signed  by  V  ilham  Miller, 
foreman;  Robert  Slemmons,  Peter  Wolford,  Samuel  Russell,  George  Rerr, 
Joshua  Russell.  Walter  Jenkins,  Robert  Mcllhenny,  Philip  Bishop,  John 
Winrott,  John  Young,  John  McCreary,  Barnabas  McSherry.  John  Slagle 

This  jury  manifesto  was  published  one  week,  and  the  interest  it  excited  is 
noted  well  in  the  fact  that  a  counter  blast  from  citizens  came  the  next  week 
The  reply  was  over  three  columns  long;  was  signed  by  Patrick  Hayes,  David 
Wilson  Alexander  Russell,  Michael  Neuman,  James  McGaughey,  falter 
Smith.  Alexander  Cobean,  James  Scott,  John  Miu-phy,  Robert  Hayes  Isaiah 
Harr  Henry  Schmeiser,  Stephen  Hendricks,  John  Edie,  George  Rerr,  William 
McPherson,  Samuel  McCidlough,  Samuel  Lilly,  William  McClellan,  Thomas 
Ewinjr  William  Weirman,  James  White,  Caleb  Bailes,  Roger  T\  ales,  T\  illiam 
Garvin  James  Brown,  John  Troxell,  Jacob  Sell,  Sr.,  George  Sheakley,  John 
Galloway  They  say  they  ' '  read  with  equal  regret  and  astonishment  the  paper 
of  the  jury,"  and  then  thev  proceed  in  no  mincing  way  to  answer  the  address. 
In  the  early  part  of  1805  Gov.  McKean  issued  an  order  to  the  mditia  to 
wear  red  and  blue  cockades  instead  of  black,  as  had  been  worn.  This  liter- 
ally raised  a  furor  in  Gettysburg.  The  Federalists  regarded  it  as  verging  on 
treason,  and  Capt.  Alexander  Cobean  brought  out  his  company  on  the  next 
parade  day  and  they  wore  the  new  cockades  while  m  the  line  ot  duty,  but 
hurrahed  for  the  black  cockade.  As  quick  as  the  company  was  dismissed  the 
captain  tore  off  his  blue  cockade  and  trampled  it  under  foot,  and  the  men  ail 
nut  on  black  cockades,  and  with  cheers  thus  paraded  the  streets.  Cobean  was 
court-martialed  for  this,  and  the  trial  was  one  of  the  exciting  events  of  the 
early  times.  He  was  convicted  and  degraded  from  his  command,  and  then  he 
sought  the  columns  of  the  CenUnel  and  scored  those  neighbors  who  had  aided 
the  prosecution  without  mercy.  The  Captain  could  use  terse  and  vigorous 
Eno-lish  and  he  evidently  had  become  thoroughly  aroused,  and  his  black 
cockade  waved  in  the  face  of  his  foes  as  he  charged  their  lines  whenever  they 

mlgTlie  Federal-Republicans,  as  they  styled  themselves,  published  a  notice  of 
a  "deputy  meeting"  in  Gettysburg,  September  16,  1S05,  to  nominate  a  county 
ticket  for  the  approaching  election.  The  delegates  to  this  convention  were: 
Cumberland.    Alexander   Cobean,   James   Sweeny,  Robert  Thompson;     Ber- 


£~ yX^uie/lP.  ~^uuz^ 


BISTORT  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY.  1  1  I 

wick,   John   li.-r.-h.  Jacob  Baker,   Francis  Marshall;  Huntington,  A.    Robin 
,       •'"h''   r:;."m",;i;   Mena"en.  R°beri    Alexander,  Christian  Bender:  Mount- 
pleasant  Wuliam  rorrence,  Moses  Lockhart;  Strabane,  William   King,  Jacob 
Oaasat;  Franklin,  Moses  McClean,  Oapt.  Samuel  Russell;  Hamiltonban,  John 
McGinley,  William   McMillan;  Mountjoy,  Samuel  Smith;  Liberty,  John  Mor 
row,  JohnAgnew;  Germany,  William  Beher,   Capt.   Jacob  Winrott;  Tyrone 
James  McKnight;  Conowago,  Henrj  Barnherst;  Reading  James  Chamberlain 
ine  conyenfaon  nominated  for  governor  Thomas  McKean;   William  Miller  for 
senator;  Andrew  Shrive-   and    Walter  Smith,   Assembly,   and  Jacob  Cassai 
counU   commissioner.  *  ' 

The  Democrats  held  a  convention  soon  after  this  and  nominated  for  eov- 
arnor,    Simon  Snyder;  senator.  William   Reed;  Assembly.  Walter  Smith  and 

u  ,  |,am  (  ooper;  commissi. r,  John  Bonner.     Then  Alexander  Cobean,  John 

J1''  '";''•'  M"-"~  M,'(  '"''m'  i;,,l,",'t  H;"T'">--  -lames  Duncan.  Dr.  William  Craw- 

"nL  JfpobCassat,  andothers,  "rushed  into  print,"  and  paper  bullets  of  the 

aruund'the' <kv""  ("  tU'd   m  the   a»— 8ulphiu-ous  political  lightning  all 

At  the  election  in  October  following  (1805),  the  vote  in  the  comity  stood- 

McKean  852;  Snyder,  264;  William  Miller.    l.i»V.»;  William  Reed,  183;  Will- 

I  ■■■-.  John  Bonner,  624  The  success  of  the  Federal  ticket  was  overwhelming 
The  qunouspartof  it  was  they  supported  Gov.  McKean,  while  but  a  short 
time  before  they  violently  opposed  him.  It  seems  they  did  not  hesitate  to  pre- 
rer  him  to  Snyder.  '  * 

The  Fedo_ral-Ropul.lica.is  held  a  convention  to   nominate  a  county  ticket, 
September  15   1806;  John  Morrow  as  chairman  and  James  McSherry,  secret 
ary.      rhede legates  were:    Cumberland,   William  McPherson,    William  Mc- 
ur.ly.  L,l,.r,y.  John  Morrow,  Thomas  McKee;  Hamiltonban,  James  McCleary, 
David  Hart;  Mountjoy,  William  Hooghtalin;  Franklin.  Fetor  Mark.  William 
Me   loan:  Strabane  Richard  Brown,  John  McGuffin;  MenaUen,  Robert  Alex- 
ander. George   Blankney;    Conowago,  Nicholas  Ginter;   Huntington.  Thomas 
;'i'~'"1;    •,'"'""  Rolette;    Berwick,    Fredrick  Baugher,    Sebastian  Heafer; 
Mount] ileasant,   Andrew    Johnston,    Ninian   Chamberlain;   Borough  (Gettys- 
burg), John  Galloway;     and  nominated  for  Assembly  Walter  Smith,  Andrew 
Sh n  yer :  commissioner.  John  Bonner.     Two  coroners.  Henry  Hoke.  Jacob  Rider, 
the  Democrats  hold  a  convention  and  put  up  the  following;    Assembly,  Henry 
Hoke    William  Cooper;  coroners,    Emanuel   Zeigler,   Jacob  Middlekauf;  com 
missioner.  John  Miley. 

At  the  election  inflowing  the  vote  stood;  James  Kelly,  for  Congress  (no  op- 
\t"^l"nJ:  l-'^-.o  As,,,m,,K,  Walter  Smith.  1,592  votes;  Andrew  Shriver, 
,577;  Henry  Hoke,  146;  William  Cooper,  1:5:,.  For  coroner,  Henry  Hoko. 
1474,  Jacob  Rider  L.468;  Emanuel  Zeigler,  255;  J.  Middlekauf,  218.  Sher- 
itf.  J  \\  ,nr,,tt  s  i  votes;  James  Horner,  539;  John  Murphy,  199;  John 
Arndt,  362;  Wuham  McClellan,  186;  James  Cox,  9.  ConLissioner  John 
Bonner.  1,368;  John  Miley,  330. 

September  21,  L807,  a  county  convention  met  and  nominated  the  following 
bcket  ^sembly,  John  Edie,  James  McSherry;  commissioner,  John  Arnt- 
an, la ppointe  Moses  LockW,.  David Slagle  and  John  Dickson  to  meet  the 
York  County  delegates  and  nominate  a  candidate  for  senator.     The  deputies 

;', ,"' ^VS81   Gettysburg,    John   MeConau<d,y;   Cumberland.  Hugh 

tD"W x'    I,'\Y'1  .H°me£    liberty,  John  Morrow,  Peter  Carpenter;  Ham! 

in   TniT     xl\    y-  ^u'laU1  Mllh,";  Mountjoy,  Wilhelmes   Hooghta- 
1m.   Franklin,    Nathaniel  Paxton,   David  Neuman;  strabane.  John  Dick.,,,, 


112  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

ington,  Daniel  Funk,   L»amei  anauoi ,  Henrv  Lilly.    Tyrone,    James 

purpose  of,  for  the  first  time,  seiecnn    i       a  meeting  John  Agnew  was  chair- 

to  nominate  State  offices  and  ^f^  M^^CT^iord  and  Gen.  Will- 
man,  and  Dr.  Darnel  SJf  ^f^o  Snd  the  convention  in  Lancaster.  They 
iarn  Beed  were  chosen  delegate,  to  ™^*^  ™s  der  for  governor.  A  corn- 
were  instructed  to  use  their  influence  or  brmon  bnyOer  10  ^  of 
mittee  was  appointed  to  ^™°g*™  »d  puSc  affairs;  committee,  Dr. 
correspondence  on  the  critical  s  ^ion  o  1  sheffer_ 
Crawford,  Gen.  Keed,  Samuel  Smyth, John  Wei ^  „  was  heid  in  the 
"A  large  and  respectable  meetrng .of  Federal  Eepub ic      ^^    ^^ 

ooart.l««^M^.,M^^^£hfSS3i«i  of  a  candidate  for  the 
Dobbins,  secretary.       Beaok  <  d    lfcat me  iaconsistent  with  the  principles 

office  of  governor  by  a  caucus  of  ^^P™.™   ^  le  of  a  free  choice  of 

of  a  free  government  and  calculated  to  *gF£™J^  it  was  that  the  Fed- 
randidates  for  that  important  office.        This 'J*Sg^     >  iu  fte      evious 

eralists  had  to  choose  between  McLean  and  Snyder  tor  gov  g      Thig 

election.       The  legislators   had  caucused   J—  ^     B 

meeting  resolved  in  favor  of  ^  ^ ^  Funk.  James  Cham- 
another  resolution  Jacob  O^g^^SllcDhanLj,  Jacob  Win- 
S^LdS^T  l^nT|hbin  and  George  ^-J  £ 

governor.  i -i  ;„  TW1  ford  March  12,   of  which  Gen.  Terrence 

Another  meetmg  was  held  in  Bedford  Marcn ^  t  which  James 

Campbell    was  chairman,  Dr.  George  D.  Foulke,    secretary, 
Boss  was  endorsed  for  governor.  Senate  and  House  held  a 

.     About  this  time  thirty-eight  mem ^ J*  *«*^    "and  nominated  James 
caucus  and  styled ^themselves ,  •  ^^f^5reTdent. 
Madison  for  President,  and  George^Uinton  to i        e  ^  a  oaU 

June  22,  1808,  a  committee  of  Democrats  Pub|™  s£lane  Township,  on 
to  the  people  to  meet  at  the  ^«*%£fZ^%g£  -^omenLus 
July  4.  of  that  year  to  advise  «^  ~^2H£JL*ta  prospects  in  the 
and  vital  question  of  the  da^    and  to  look  aire  a  respectable 

approaching  presidential  elec tion.  In J^s™e  *  at  the  time  and  place 
meeting  of  the  Democrats  of  Adams  County  com  eneu  ^^ 

appointed.  John  Agnew ^was  appointed ^~  ^  of  the  meeting,  and 
secretary.     Dr.  \\  illiam  Crawf oi d  explained  tne  ouj  resolution 

made  Jlhort  address  and  offered  a  series  of  ^^^  Jhe  manner  in 
Tys:  "  That  until  Constitutional  provision  shall -J**™™™.  the  Presidency 
which  the  nomination  of  suitable ^ ^^^^  the  people,  we 
^dS^^^  in  Congress,  of  all  other  modes 


HISTORV  OF  ADAMS  COUN  n  I  L3 

that  which   i-  leasl  liabl  ptions."     Then   bj  resolution   the   meeting 

heart  il\  endorses  the  nomination  thai  Congress  had  made  of  James  Madison 
and  George  Clinton.  The  meeting  endorsed  Simon  Snyder  as  the  Democratic 
candidate  for  governor. 

Che  Fe  Leralists  held  a  countj  meeting  and  endorsed  James  Ross,  of  Pitts 
burg,  for  governor.  At  the  election  following  Snyder  was  elected  governor, 
and  be  continued  to  hold  the  office  until  1817. 

The  i  \  ntim  I  of  September  1  I.   L808,  is  filled  for  th.  first  tim i  the  firsl 

page  with  original  matter,  mostlj  of  a  political  nature.  The  leading  article  is 
devoted  to  demonstrating  thai  the  Democrats  of  the  count}  area  French  party; 
and  thru  follows  several  columns  in  disproof  of  the  charge  against  James  Ross, 
that  he  is  a  deist.  There  is  then  a  lengthy  address  to  the  Federalists  of  the 
county,  urging  James  Ross  for  governor.  This  is  signed  by  John  Edie,  James 
Chamberlain,  Daniel  Funk,  John  Arndt,  George  Hassler,  Peter  Zimmerman, 
Samuel  Withrow,  Robert  Mcllhenny,  Jacob  Winrott,  Michael  Slagle,  Jacob 
t  lassat,  James  Dobbins. 

At  the  meeting  of  deputies  in  September,  L808,  the  townships  were  repre- 
sented as  follows:     Gettysburg,    Michael  Neuman;  Cumberland,   Hugh  Dun- 

w ly,   David  Horner;   Liberty,   John  Morrow,  David  Eckert;  Hamiltonban, 

Samuel  Withrow.  William  McMillan;  Mountjoy,  James  McJJhenny;  Franklin, 
David  Neuman,  Peter  Mark;  Sfcrabane,  John  Dixon,  George  Harrier;  Menallen, 
Thomas  Cochran.  George  llartzel.  Jr.;  Conowago,  Henry  Gitt;  Huntington, 
Daniel  Funk.  Eleazar  Brandon;  Latimore,  William  Wireman,  Isaac  Everett; 
Berwick,  John  Hersh,  Francis  Marshall.  Michael  Slagle:  Reading,  Alexander 
Lung:  Tyrone,  Henry  Schmyser;  Germany,  Jacob  Winrott,  Andrew  Will; 
Mountpleasant,  Samuel  Lilly,  .James  Horner.  The  convention  resolved  in 
i  James  Ross  for  governor;  James  Gettys  and  James  McSherry  for  As 
sembly;  Joseph  Swearinger  for  commissioner. 

Federalist  ticket.  L808:  For  governor,  James  Ross;  Congress,  James 
Kelly;  Assembly,  James  Gettys,  James  McSherry:  commissioner,  Joseph 
Swearinger.  Democratic  ticket:  Governor,  Jacob  Snyder;  Congress,  William 
Crawford;  Assembly,  George  Lashells,  Henry  Hoke:  commissioner.  William 
Kuhns. 

Adams  County  went  Federalist  by  a  vote  of  over  600  at  the  election  of  1808, 
while  in  nearly  all  the  other  portions  of  the  State  the  Democratic  party  was 
victorious,  and  gained  largely  on  its  former  votes.  Adams  had  started  out  with 
a  small  Federalist  majority  in  1MW.  and  this  was  more  than  doubled  in  I  SOS. 
From  L803  to  1808  the  Democrats  could  not  poll  300  votes  in  the  county.  The 
vote  stood  at  the  fall  election  ..f  1808  as  follows:  James  Ross,  1,372;  S.  Sny- 
der. 795.  For  congressman,  J.  Kelly,  1,404;  Dr.  William  Crawford,  690. 
Assembly.  Gettys,  1,466;  McSherry.  1,451;  Hoke,  7 1 1 ;  Lashells,  698.  Com- 
missioner. Swearinger,   1,390;  Kuhns.  77\ 

Dr.  Crawford  had  a  majority  in  York  County  of  1,002  votes,  and  was  elect- 
ed to  Congress.  This  election  was  held  in  October,  and  the  Presidential  elec- 
tion in  the  following  November. 

The  vote  in  the  county  for  senator  and  sheriff  at  the  election  in  October, 
1809,  was  as  follow-:  Senator.  William  Miller,  1199  votes:  William  Gilliland, 
596.  For  sheriff:  James  Horner,  732  votes;  John  Murphy,  544;  Jacob 
Eyster,  539;  John  Arndt,  379;  Robert  Harper.  182;  John  Gilliland,  176. 

In    ISO!)    the    Legislature    passed   an   act    granting    $2,000    to    Adams 
County     to    establish    an    academy   school     in    Gettysburg.       In     1810    the 
school  was  opened   for  the  education  of   youths    in  the' English  and    other  Ian 
guages.      The   trustee-  were  Dr.  William   Crawford,    then   a  member  of  Con- 
gress,   and   William    Gilliland. 


1U  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

tn"^J^&^pSirS;««Dj);  for  Congress.  William  Crawford  ; 
Bepub  ican  lick  t     i  commissioner,  George  Kerr;  an- 

^bm^!X™wZn  and  »ia  mi.ey;  *-*•  »<  <«*-* 

Academy.  William  (MUland  "f11'*^^  io  Adams  Connty:  Cassat. 

At  the  October  eta*mn  IBM* ^r^B,,—  681;  Jamea  Kobinatte, 

K^^'jobn  Dicwi642;  A,»S  ^»^:1,;r^ Sam  '    cPhem  m 

-,41.      Comm.sa.on™.   Bo be. Hayes l.*W. Heng  ^        Samuel  GaUo. 

•^'iffitS.  .    .'i?  EeSart  Gilbert.  550:  John  Stab,  574 

^^^rSio^oK^a:  Si     T.mrtees.  Job.  Edie,  !.*», 

Lancaster  and  Adams,      lhe  official  vote iior , 

teen  majority,  and  he  was  the  solitary  gam    m  the  Federals  £  fte 

year.      This  says  a  great  j£  ^^P*"*  £  ^c^  to  hold  their 

of  the  Federalists. 


HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY.  L15 

A>  the  October  election,  181  i.  the  vote  in  the  county  stood:  Governor, 
[saac  Wayne  (Fed.)  1,230;  Simon  Snyder,  447.     Congress,  Alexander  I 

Edward  Crawford,  L.341;  William  Maclay,  302;  William  Crawford 
286.  Assembly,  William  Miller  1,243,  .lame-  Robinette  1,669;  Jacob  Eyster 
104.  Commissioners,  David  Stewart,  1,312;  Henry  Smyser,  1,310;  Andrew 
Walker,  373;  George  Laahells,  372.  Auditors,  John  Dickson,  1,303;  Andrew 
Will,  1,304;  W  illiam  Thompson,  1,303;  John  Duncan.  371 ;  Samuel  Fahnestock 

371;  John  Robinson,   370.     Trustees,    William  McPherson,    1,301;  Ji II 

Miller,  1,293;  .lames  Gilliland,  370;  Samuel  Withrow,  374.  The  congressional 
district  was  A. lam.-.  Cumberland  and  Franklin  Counties.  William  Crawford 
and  Maela_\  were  elected  t..  Congress. 

W  ehavegiven  thedetails  of  the  formation  of  parties  here  and  all  the  promi- 
nent actors,  and  the  parts  they  took  in  that  broad  fieldof  work.  Itmakesavery 
complete  reference  hand  book  for  the  present  generation  to  study  the  political 
actions  and  influence  of  a  worth]  ancestry  aow  passed  away.  Their  children 
—grandchildren  mostly  -are  n,,u  in  their  wax  and  fashion  carrying  on  the 
work  that  had  to  be  taken  up  by  others,  when  the  busy  hands  of  "the"  fathers 
were  crossed  upon  their  breasts  in  that  endless  sleep,  in  that  great  silent  city 
where  contentions  and  controversies  never  go— where  there  is  nothing  except 
complete  and  universal  equality. 

In  another  chapter  we  give  the  list  of  county  officials,  taking  up  the  story 
where  this  account  ends,  not  deeming  it  essential  to  the  preservation  of  all  the 
parties  acting  and  contending  in  the  elections  to  a  later  date— that  is,  not  ab- 
solutely essential  to  the  future  historian. 

It  is  deemed  sufficient  here  to  say  that  the  Federal  party  was  eventually 
the  A\  hi*,'  party,  and  in  all  its  names  and  changes  it  held  its  power  and  mas- 
tery in  the  county  until  1856,  when  that  remarkable  political  episode,  Know 
nothingism,  swept  over  the  country.  That  contest  sealed  the  fato  of  the  Whig 
party  m  Adams  county,  and  gave  the  ascendancy  to  the  Democracy,  which  it 
has  maintained  to  this  day. 


HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 


CHAPTER    XIX. 


PosToFFIcEs-PETITIok   T0  POSTMAST.K    &ENERAL  n.    1795-POSXMASX.KS    » 
County,  Past  and  Pkhsbnt. 

i  „wi,r   10  000  neople  in  wha^t  is  now  Adams 

great  advantage  to  the  people  oi  this  town _Md  county      j  Gettysburg  ,s  thirty  miles 

Shed  with  us.  and  we  beg  leave  to  a*?™/™™8? postofflce,  and  thirty-three  miles  from 
distant  from  York,  which  is  at  present  out  n i        I  ,      post  very  inconvenient,  to 

Haggerstown.  which  renders  the  00^^fl^tei  ourselves  from  the  rapid  growth  of  our  vil- 
"he  great  detriment  of   our  trade.     Weflatk^  .1      ^  «  that   a  comp  yance  with 

feetitln8  ^nTe^rossTothV^euue  S  frbm  the  postofbee,  as  a  postmaster  can 
be  obtamed  at  a  *—  expense.     ^^Doy  gj-gg. 

Arch'd  Dickey,  ^mes^mith 

William  Garvin,  t™    Acnew 

Thewriter  of  this  ^^^^^5^^ 
The  first  issue  of  these  probably  ^  c— J^^  ^bers  to  1817.  The 
was  the  oldest  one  found.  _  ^jSykgi.mgtheirreF.rts,  and 
names  of  the  postmasters  m  these  books  occm omj  i    g      |  date  wbere 

not  in  the  dates  of  the  appointment,    W^J6 a^d  t\en, without  naming 
we  -could  find  the  different  postmasters   fifHTre p orts   a n  ,  f  ^ 

their   years  of  continuance   ft-gjSJjJj^ J^ad 'case,  the  date  wegWe 
successor.      The  reader  wi  11 I  therefoie und a «^  each  Qne  ^ 

C^^^  *e  first  report  of  his 

^S^rg.-James  Scott  (first  postmaster),   appointed  July  1,  1798;  sal- 

ary  $34.38.  ,  .       .  ,     ,  .      t>ip  r>\ue  Books  and  the  officials 

Vese  names  appear  here  as  furnished  by    h    ^°  im    and  the 

at  Washington;    but  as  *e  HtaeJ«*  j^Brice  was  faster  in  1801 
records  are  imperfect  we  ai  eg t ;*  .     tbe  Gettysburg   postofflce  of 

as  we  have  seen  a  list  ot  letteis  puo  t  Tjpcn  this  authority 

that  date  and  signed  by  , Ja me  ^^£™J  name  \im  as  postmaster 
alone  we  add  the  name  of  Mr.  Biice  to  the  list,  a  R  Tjnderwocd, 

during  the  year  1801.  Samuel  Huey  Jul  \™*}™  Welsh,  October  1. 
January  1,  1805;  James  Douglas  A P^1'.1^;  ^g  Jammy  18,  1853 
1810;    William  Meredith    ^^819     John  ^ 

(office  receipts.   $213.18),    Wiu iam  w.£     ,  84&    Alexander  D. 

Orsdel,    May   IS,  1841;    Charles  W.    Beiluchy    June  ,  ^ 

Buehler,  MIy 9  1849;  Wilham ^^^X^^AjJs,  1869; 
j!  S^ra^:^7BHhS:iS:r^-t  Postmaster),  June,  1885. 


HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY.  117 

Abbottstoum.—The  first  officer  we  find  here  was  Samuel  Fahnestook,  L817; 
Balary,$16.  I6ayear.  In  L833  Jacob  Fahnestook  was  acting;  1837,  George  [ekes; 
1841,  II.  Mayer,  succeeded  in  L831  by  William  Berlin,  who  held  office  until 
April.  L842;  George  Ickes  again  in  office  1842;  then  William  Bittin°.er  to 
1845;  Nicholas  Corns  to  March  3,  L849;  Henry  Kobler,  1851;  George°  Ickes 
again  succeeded  to  June,  1853  (salary  now  increased  to  $00.33);  the ,,"<;, „„.,,.,. 

Gordy,  sua ded  In   Ciouiss  \\ "..If.  who  kept  the  office  to  April,  1857.     Emma 

Wolf  then  took   it  till    April,   1861;    thou  E.    H.    Stable  succeeded.     In  1883 
the  salary  had  grown  to  1169.65. 

brendtsville.  In  1845  Jacob  Keckler  was  postmaster;  succeeded  in  is:.-". 
by  Peter  Eyster  to  L861;  then  G.  G.  Plank.  April  25,  1861;  C.  B.  Hawes  ap 
pointed.  1865;  G.  (i.  I'lauk  again;  same  year.  Jesse  P.  Brenneman  appointed; 
in  L881,  Michael  Snyder.     In  L851  the  salary  was  $21.48;   in  ins:',.  si'.H.av 

Aspera.     (On  the  G.  &  11.  Railroad,  in  Menallen  Township), 

Benderaville.  Abel  T.  Wright  in  1851;  William  B.  Wilson  appointed  May, 
L853;  W.  Overdeer,  October,  L855;  in  L863,  Jacob  Pitzer;  1883,  A.  H  Sto- 
ver.   First  -alary.  $58.38;  in  1883,  salary  $265.05.     In  1886,  John  Berkholder 

Bermudian.— 1827,  Jacob  Smith;  |s-_».i.  Gideon  Griest;  1835,  Joseph  F 
le;  1839,  [saac  Walker;  December  31,  1840,  Mahlon Griest;  L845,David 
Newcomer;  L853,  M.  Smith,  and  in  December  of  that  year  H.  B,  Smith;  ISf.n. 
Solomon  Larew.  one  year;  then  Daniel  Larew  two  vears;  1803,  T.  M.  Bren- 
neman; 1871,  Jesse  Larew;  L873,  Mary  A.  Kroll;  IS75,  Abner  Griest;  L877, 
E.  H.  Troupe,     la   1821  the  salarj  was  $4.12;  in  1883,  $64.09. 

Berlin.      1819,  Christian  Picking;   1833,  John  Fletcher. 

Bigler.  L859,  John  A.  H.  Either;  1861,  George  W.  Rex;  L867  John  A 
H.  Either;    1885,  S.    R.  Bream. 

Bonneauville.      Recently   established. 

Cashtown.      1835,  Adam  S.  E.  Duncan;  1841,  A  Scott;    1845.   Mary  Dun- 

oan.     Abraham  Scott  succ led  ami  held  the  office  until   1855;  Jacob  Mark 

ed;  I860,  II.  M.  Mickley;  1861,  Israel  Shank;  1801,  John  McCleary; 
1865,  John  McCleary;  same  year.  Susan  Norris;  then  James  A.  Rebert  to 
is.-'.;  David  A.  Mickley,  L883.  First  salary.  $15.U0;  1883,  salary.  $112.14: 
H.  L.  Bream. 

Centennial.-   1875,  Miss  J.  M.  O'Neal. 

East  Berlin.  L835,  William  Hildebrand;  1839.  D.  Grumbine;  1841 
Emanuel  Kuh,,:  December  9,  1845.  William  Wolf;  is  IT.  Robert  M.  Hutch- 
inson;  L853,  William  Wolf,  succ led). v. I.  Woods;  L861,  Francis  Hildebrand. 

VairfieU.  (Originalh.  called  Miller's)  1817,  Ezra  Blythe,  on  a  salary  of 
$18.16;  1829,  Lsa  Olmstead;  is::::.  William  Johnston;  1839,  Michael  Lamer; 
1841,  John  McCleary;  1845,  J.  Brinkerhoff;  1847,  Hugh  D.  Heagy;  1851 
JohnB.  Paxton;  1855,  Jacob  Brinkerhoff;  1859,  C.  M.  Robinson;  1861,  John 
B.  Paxton:  1867,  J.  W.  Sutherland:  ISO1.).  John  W.  Sullivan;  L871,  John  M. 
Musselman,  I  pton  J.  Neely. 

Flora  Dale.      lsr,5.   Kli'jah  Wright;    IsT'.f.  M.  A.  Wright. 

Fountain  Dale.  L 83-7,  Joseph  Braugher;  Ma3  II.  1845,  Reuben  Steen. 
The  office  was  discontinued  in  is  111  f,,r  a  time  and  then  reopened. 

Gold*  nsville.      Recently  established. 

Graeffenburg.  L851,  David  Goodyear,  on  a  salary  of  $19.48;  1863,  Ben- 
jamin Shriver;  1865,  Maria  Shriver;  1865,  Abraham  Hostetter;  1867,  Daniel 
Miller;  1868,  Samuel  Secrist;  1869,  Martin  Shoemaker;  1ST:',.  William  A 
Remer;   1883,  Miss  J.  RiggeaL 

Granite  Hill— 1857,  Bhilip  Hand;  1863,  Daniel  Gulden;  1871.  Abraham 
Hoke. 


118  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

Green  Mount-1847,    John  Weikert;  1859,    J.   A.   Harper:    1865,   H.   P. 
Bigham. 

GW«.-Eecently  «g^4^  Christian  Cashman;  1851, 

Hampton.  -April  18,  1885,  Charles iJlisn, £>    Solomon  Chronister;  1863, 

^  W^*S»  -iSSS'  3R  Bavid  W.    Howard;    1B78, 

He^£l%.-1841,  Leonard  Delap  (held  the  office  twenty  years);  1861, 

Peter  Yeatts;  1873,  John  F.  Houck.  1845,  Hugh 

W  g|  lh  M  Fe£-  Snf  E  iza  'Heinard;°1865,  Jane  King.  The  latter 
gjSfta  thetngLn.  either  has  or  has  not  been  an  "offensive  partisan 
-just  as  happens  to  be  the  readers  politics. 

SSr'-l^S-elawy^s  on  a  salary  of  $13  25;  1863,  D   H  Mark- 
ley;  S   Jacob  *  Diehl;  1869,  Joseph  H.  Klein;  1869,  Andrew  Crist,  1883, 

j:  ijSB^sat  naasr  ™!iKW.  **  <,  p.  ^ 

iS^^td^ Peter^Town,  Peg  ^^f^ 

Ephraim  Myere;  1S53.  Matilda  Jones-,  1865,  A.  F.  Baikei,  tail,  v 
8"SS""  Martin  A.  Miller;  1871,  J.  It  Mich,er,  1875,  C. 
T.  Lower:  1885,  W.  I jK"g»-  ]S4!I   Er,2abeU>  Will  (Hill).     This 

JSZ3£5*2&  WSklD."      Tb.   Proper  name  i.  WD. 

1861.  Edward  Staley;  1867,    Jacob  Epplenian;  1869,   Edward  btaley, 
Hannah  Staley;  1881,  J.  H.Bushey  Samuel  Hart;  1861,  C.H. 

Mummasourgh.— 1849,  H.  J.  Bnnkerhoff;  1855,  Samuel  mat,  ±o     , 
Fulwiler;  1865,  Henry  W.  Witmore.  ,.1051     Fauwnbaugh;  1859, 

jv™-  r/iester  —1835.  Nicholas  Faugenbangh;  I80I,  liaiigenDau  n.  , 

Blailr^t^l  B^"^  W.' Warner;  1873,   John  F.  Blair; 
1885,  W.  J.  Metzler. 

2?S5=S5±Ti  S'Sam  A.  MeSherrr;  1881, 1.  A.  Clrimes: 
188|„„;,dlu:-1855.  AdamS.  Merer.;  1859.  Ira  E.  Shipley;  1865,  Sarah 
E  &2T-ME  AleSr  Miller:  1861,  A  HeinUelman;  1867,  Israel 

"laiStwfc—  Fahar,  dr  ;  he  got  .  .alary  -ff-g^*—*: 
come  of  the  office  wn.S5.4L   Catherine  Thomae  succeeded;  1861,  C,  A.  tower. 

W^iSS»u]*l*lWI,  Bdtor  Snyder;  1879,  A  J.  Col- 
lins;  1883,  J.  Sherman. 


s^S^  (y^  J^T/t^i 


i^L^Z^I 


HISTORY  OF  ADAM8  COUNTY.  121 

Trust.      George  Cole  appointed  to  first  postoffice  in  Buchanan  Valley,  estab- 
bshed  June  19,  1886. 

Unity.      L883,  M.  Robert. 

Wenks.      L873,  Miss  Sue  Cart;   L877,  K.  S.  Little;  1879,  W.  S.  Cart. 

York  Sulphur  Springs.  L825«  Herman  Weirman;  1845,  Anna  Godfrey 
L849,  [saac  1>.  Worley;  1851,  [saac  W.  Pearson;  1853,  William  Reed;  L855 
Jonas  John-;    L863,  B.  Borius,  succeeded  by  W.  Zeigler;  18S5,  A.  C.  Gardear' 


(  IIAPTER  XX. 

BY   AAltOX    snEELY,  A.    M. 


Ll"  °±?ION  '  ioneeb  Schools— Pioneer  Teachers— Pioneer  Schoolhouses— 
Mll:,>1'  *-  i  n-ii*  -i  i  school— East  Berlin  s<  iiool— Gettysburg  Classical 
School— Gettysburg  Industrial  school— English  School  in  Gettys- 
burg—Gettysburg Academy— Gettysburg  Female  Institute— Gettys- 
burg! emai.i:  Academy— Theological  Seminary— Gettysburg  Gymn  lsi- 
om— Pennsylvania  College  x  i  \\  Oxford  College  and  Medicai 
Institute— Huxteksto w.n  Kxglimi  am.  classical  a.  w.emy-Catiiolic 
opBooLS  I  ii i:  l mm  i  School  System— The  County  Supertntendency— 
educational  Meetings— Conclusion— Tabular  Statements 


PIONEER    SCHOOLS. 


'T-'HE  American  people  were  the  first  in  histoiy  to  found  a  nation  on  popular 
-L  education.  The  st  ordy  German  and  Scotch-Irish  pioneers  carried  with  them 
to  their  new  homes  among  these  hills  and  valleys  a  firm  conviction  that  a  peo- 
ple to  be  truly  prosperous  and  happy  must  be  educated.  It  was  then-  care 
ire,  from  the  first,  to  provide  in  the  best  manner  possible  for  the  educa- 
tion of  their  children. 

But  the  physical  wants  of  the  early  settlers,  of  course,  claimed  their  first 
attention.  Before  they  could  patronize  schools  they  were  obliged  to  seek 
m-ans  to  satisfy  their  bodily  needs.  Not  until  means  of  temporary  shelter  and 
Babsistence  had  1 n  secured  could  the  claims  of  education  receive  much  con- 
sideration. The  condition  of  the  country  and  the  occupation  of  the  people  in 
rural  districts  were  also  unfavorable  to  the  maintenance  of  schools  except 
those  of  a  rudimentary  character  and  for  short  terms.  A  sparse  population 
scattered  over  a  wide  extent  of  country  mainly  covered  with  dense  forests  and 
undergrowth,  and  destitute  of  roads  and  bridges,  opposed  serious  obstacles  to 
" stablishmenl  of  schools.  The  preparation  of  the  ground  for  tillage  nec- 
essarily consumed  much  time  and  labor.  Farm  machinery,  except  the  rudest 
being  then  unknown,  agricultural  operations  were  slow  and  tedious,  leaving 
but  little  time  for  literary  pursuits.  The  threshing  and  marketing  of  a  crop 
which  can  now  be  easily  performed  within  a  week  was  then  a  task  requiring 
Lted  labor  of  the  farmer  and  his  sons  during  the  winter  for  its  accom 
phshment.  The  sons  of  a  farmer  in  moderate  circumstances  therefore  consid- 
ered themselves  fortunate  if  they  obtained  one  or  two  months  of  schooling  dur- 
ing the  year.  b 

With  the  farmer's  daughters  the  case  was  even  worse.  The  operations  of 
the  spinning- wheel,  loom,  needle  and  dairy,  besides  the  manifold  other  duties 
of  the  household,  to  say  nothing  of  help  frequently  given  in  the  fields  during 


7A 


2  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

PIONEER    TEACHERS. 

The  teachers  in  the  early  and  sparsely M*  *stricte  -^^ 
part  ignorant  adventurers whose  -  ^  ^X^Ld  tyrannical  and 
and  flog  their  children      Many  ol ™«  *  gchool  teaching.     It  web 

unfit,  in  public  estimation,  foi   any  °u*n^s  ^     to  be  habitually  profane, 
nothing  -common  forge  Ped gueof^J  ojed^  ^ 

Nor  was  it  an  unusual  thing  toi  mm     »  -i  „hoolhouse.      As  a  rule 

Son.  a  bottle  of  whisky  secreted  -*»*jj«£  about  th    school        ^  ^  ^ 
he  was  uncouth  in  appearance   ungainly  m  manner  coaventionai  three 

Not  being  expected  to  know  ^^m  raS     His  equanimity  was 
«RV"  the  question  of  competency  was   seKom  r  '  t  his  lniawi. 

never'  disturbed  by  perplexing  questions  *° ^st  ^he  p^fun J_  y  ^ 

edge  or  his  ability  to  impart  insti   ction.     ™J^*    to  use  tbe  rod  without 

l^^ba^^  -  ^e  salifications  that 

commended  him  to  his  patrons. 

PIONEER    SCH00LH0USES. 

,,„  i.Q„t  in  n  ST,are  room  in  some  dwelling 

In  early  times  schools  were  "J^g*^  J^S  accommodations  was 

house;  but  as  population  increased  and  the  neeco  up   & 

felt  the  citizens  of   a  ne ighborhoou met  and    by ^      J  extremely  rude 

schoolhouse.      The  -^^^^f^StoSTrf  nnhewn  logs,  with  a  log  or 
and  simple.     It  was  usually  a_ plan cabin   on  attention  was  given 

stone  chimney  at  one  end   well  Plas%e^n  ™  was  aU  that  the  most  ardent 
to  the  proper  lighting  of   he  room.     Its  v^ahon  ^^  ^^ 

advocate  of  pure  air  could  desire.      Ihe^nnmerou^      ng^  fire_ 

means  for  the  admission  of  pure  an    wbde  the  wi  ^^  ^ 

place  permitted  the  free  escape  of  viUated ^u       lh  ^  ^ 

fe^th^^  —  ^  ^ 

middle  of  the  room  for  the  smaller  ones. 

CHRIST    CHURCH    SCHOOL. 

The  first  school  of  which  there  is  jjjj ;«*«-* ^t "**£ 
Kirche,  now  Christ  Church,  in  what  is     owlton   low  ^  and 

1747     Rev.  Michael  Schlatter,  a  German  Reforlaeo:™^t  the  expense  of  the 
an  accomplished  teacher,  sent  to  America  a.  a  mission ary^ at  th a  ej> ^^  tQ 
Synod  of  Amsterdam   m  !  ^V^^^^^o  form  them  into  religious 
labor  among  the  people  in  the  ^^fT^S^SreTOr  practicable, 
eocieties,  and  to  establish  schools  among  them  where        p  ^  and 

Mr.  Schlatter  was  a  man  of  eminent  piety _  ana  hed  in  Phila- 

dustry  in  the  work  to  which  he  had  devoted  ^*  *e/Serent  times,  trav- 
delphia  and  took  journeys  to  the country  %*™**£?£  schools,  and  at- 
eling  hundreds  of  miles,  preaching  %f  °s  J^  sckool  wgich  he  established 
tending  to  his  other  missionary  work.      The parm n  s c*ooi  ^  ^ 

here  existed  in  a  feeble  way  prior  to .his  £*   ™^°^   he  preached  in  a 

b^£««-25  sees  were  ^  name, 


HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY.  123 

_  ]>uni<  Rev.  Jacob  R  iestling's  pastorate  at  this  place,  which  commenced 
'"  '  ,'  ''"  ,'"'  BOme  tlme  ^ereafter.the  school  was  kept  up  in  a  schoolhouse 
ow"*"1  b3  fie  church  and  situated  od  (ho  church  property.  The  school  was 
continued,  with  more  or  loss  regularity,  during  a  period  of  nearly  one  hundred 

y?"8,      I;">»-'"  1813  and  L820  a  man  l.y  the  an. ,f   \\  illiam  Slider  was   in 

charge  oi  the  Bchool. 

.  A]I)'"'l'  teacher,  aamed  David  Von  Souberin,  was  engaged  by  the  church 
"i  UiZO,  but  it  appears  he  was  no!  successful  in  his  management  of  the  school- 
for,  ma  few  lines  in  German  on  the  last  page  of  the  baptismal  record,  he  savs 
19  imnW?  ''•  Kreilte  Kirche  *  schoolma8ter  and  moved  hero  October 
1-.  JS-ii;  but  that,  to  lus  greal  joy,  he  moved  away  again  April  1  1824  "' 
rtus  school  being  in  a  German  settlement  the  instruction  was  wholly  in  the 
German  language. 

i     BERLIN     SCHOOL. 

The  first.  English  school  at  East  Berlin  was  opened  in  1769  by  Robert  John 
Chester,  an  Englishman.  This  experiment  of  an  English  school  in  a  German 
immunity,  at  this  early  day,  was  not  successful,  and  the  enterprising  Enff. 
Ushman  was  soon  obliged  to  give  up  the  undertaking.  He  afterward  "turned 
ins  attention  to  tavern  keeping  in  the  village,  an  occupation  which,  if  not  more 
congenial  to  his  taste,  is  said  to  have  proved  much  more  lucrative. 

I   I'YSBURG    CLASSICAL    SCHOOL. 

The  first  classical  school  within  the  present  limits  of  the  county,  and  the 
first  one,  it  is  claimed,  west  of  the  Susquehanna,  was  established  in  Gettys- 
burg by  Rev.  Alexander  Dobbin,  who  came  to  this  country  from  one  of  the 
no^ern  Counties  ,,f  Ireland  about  the  year  177:1.  and  soon  after  established  his 
school.  This  worthy  parson  owned  considerable  land  in  and  around  the  south- 
ern part  ot  the  borough,  known  as  the  "Dobbin  Farm."  On  this  tract  he 
erected  the  spacious  stone  building,  still  standing,  within  the  angle  formed  by 
the  intersection  of  Washington  Street  and  the  Emmittsburg  road  In  this 
building  he  established  a  classical  and  boarding  school  which  gained  a  wide 
reputation  for  thoroughness  of  instruction  and  excellence  of  management 
distinguished  men  of  the  last  generation,  in  tins  and  surrounding  coun- 
tess, received  their  education  in  this  school.  It  was  still  in  existence  in  1801 
but  was  discontinued  soon   after  that  date.  ' 

GETTYSBURG    INDUSTRIAL    SCHOOL. 

On  the  4th  of  May,   1801,  a  lady  by  the  name  of  Anne  Corry  opened  an  in- 
dustrial school  in  (  tettysburg,  m  which  were  taught,  according  to  the  prospectus 
sewing  flowering,  etc  »     The  prospectus  further  stated  that  in  the  conduct  of 
he  school  the  utmost  attention  would  be  given  to  accuracy  and  expedition  in 

in- tKhooi    P  ^  "'""  ^^^  ^  n°thi°g  is  kn°^n  COncern- 

ENGLISH     SCHOOL    IX    OETTVSP.UKO. 

-t-S-  i?°?  .an.?"-li:1,  -'"V'1  of  considerable  importance  and  usefulness  was 
established  m  Gettysburg  through  the  united  efforts  of  many  of  the  leading 
citizens       The  number  of  names  on  the  subscription  list   was' forty-three    and 

the  number  of  scholars  subscri 1  reached  sixty-four,  notwithstanding  the  fact 

that  the  school  was  at  first  limited  to  fifty  scholars.  The  first  teacher  was  Rob- 
ert Horner,  elected  by  a  majority  of  ten  votes  over  William  Campbell  who  re 
ceived  four  votes.  The  tuition  fee  was  $6  a  year.  The  building  in  which 
the  school  was  kept  was  of  log,  small,  poorly  furnished  and  uncomfortable 


124  HISTORY  OP  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

GETTYSBURG     ACADEMY. 

March  19,  1801,  the  Legislature  °*  ^^^ST^  ^eTthe 
$2,000  to  aid  in  establishing  an  ™*%%™?^^  "This  sum  should  be 

Gettysburg  Academy.    J^J^£^^££  P^6  °f  ^  ^ 
applied  to  the  erection  of  a  suitable  buuamg  resource9)  to  pay  for  the 

other  half  to  be  applied,  in  connect ion  wit a  children,   not  exceeding 

gratuitous  instruction  of    such  number  of    indent  c  ,       ^^ 

lour,  as  should  from  time  to  time   apply  f oi  ^m»  ^  ^  s<jhooL 

vided  for  the  care  of  the  school  F^7/ conWng To^arge  rooms  on  each 
A  spacious  two-story  brick  b^ng',^f^rnfr  of  Washington  and  High 

floor,  was  accordingly  erected  on  the  ^^^  a  graduate  of  Dick- 
Streets  and  the  school  estabhshedM.  Samiiel  Ka^   ^g 

inson  College,  is  supposed  to  ^ .^^Henry  Wells,  a  New  Englander, 
teachers  in  the  Academy  about  this  time  weie  tie    y  ^^  ^^ 

Cornelius  Davis,  a  graduate  of  a  New _Engla d  C       g^  1820  Rev. 

who  is  represented  as  a  teacher  °'f?P?^a™X  schooi  and  continued  it  for 
David  lW^^i?^Bf3S£S3  was  opened  in  the  building  by 
some  years.  June  25,  1827,  a  clasbical  ,s°^tlrtment  of  the  Lutheran  Theo- 
Rev.  David  Jacobs,  A   M     as  a  ^V^orj  d^tment  o  &  ^^ 

logical  Seminary,  ^hshf^  J  ZcZ  T\l  was  placed  in  charge.  In 
department  was  added,  and  Michael  Jacobs   Ag  M ,  1^  heaoming  the  pur- 

1829  the  academy  was  sold  for  debt,  Wot.  D.  d.  .         Academy. 

tOTy-  GETTYSBURG    FEMALE    INSTITUTE. 

After  the  removal  of  Pennsylvania  College ^from  the ^^J» 
High  Street,  in  1837,  and  for  nineteen  y*"^'^  £  H*  Marsden, 
forgschool  purposes  ^y^^WtsT^  S,^  Eyster  AM., 
Mrs.  Wallace  and  ^hto'  ^S^"^^  of  his  wife,  a  lady  of  culture 
purchased  the  P"T"S^S£S^aS?fl«  Gettysburg  *«*»  **J 

s?  j^se^M  -  —  The 

tuning  is  not  at  present  used  for  school  purposes. 

GETTYSBURG   FEMALE    ACADEMY. 

About  the  year  1830  a  one  story  brick ^J^-jg  c^ntfpS, 
Street,  Gettysburg,  adjoining  the  lot  «0™£™ffijto  Academy.  The 
and  a  school  established  known  as  the  W^u  rf  Gettysburg> 

ground  for  the  purpose  was  donated  br^obene  Q  of  ^  Riding    as 

Mary  and  Catharine  Lackey      The  money  ioi  amQng  the 

McClellan  with  a  flourishing  select  school. 

THEOLOGICAL    SEMINARY. 

A  theological  seminary  for  the  special  training  and  preparation  of  the  Lu- 


HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY.  1  25 

theran  ministry  was  established  in  Gettysburg  in  1826.  In  is:; I  the  corner 
atone  ol  the  presenl  seminar)  building  was  laid,  and  the  nexl  yearrl  wasopened 
for  the  reoeption  of  students.  It  has  in  a  large  measure  realized  the  ex 
pectationsoi  its  founders,  having  sen!  forth  over  600  ministers  besides  furnish 

ing  presidents  and  professors  for  nearly  all  tl. lieges  and  theological  scl Is 

["""n  tbe  bounds  of  the  General  Synod,  as  also  for  many  outside  ..fit.  it 
has  furnished  a  large  proportion  of  the  missionaries  representing  the  Lutheran 
Church  ,,|    tins  country  in  the  foreign  field,  and  is  at  present  specially  imbued 

with  th,.  missionarj  spirit.     The  real  estate  of  the  institution,  consistin !  a 

four-story  brick  seminary  building,  LOO  feel  Inn-  by  in  feel  wide,  and  three 
professors  houses,  also  of  brick,  with  some  twenty  acres  of  ground,  is  valued 
at  about  175,000,  besides  vested  funds  amounting  to  about  $91,000  The  li- 
brary is  valuable,  mostly  theological,  and  numbers  over  1  I. in  in  volumes  The 
seminary  is  in  a  flourishing  condition,  forty-three  students  being  in  attendance 
Ihe  present  faculty  consists  of  Key.  M.  Valentine,  D.D.,  professor  of  di- 
da('1,  and  homiletics,  and   chairman  of  the  faculty;  Rev    C    A    Hay 

D.D  professor  of  Hebrew  and  old  Testament  exegesis,  German  language 
and ^literature,  and  pastoral  theology;  Key.  E.J.  Wolf.  D.D.,  professor  of  Bib- 
Il0al  a"cl  ;  ;  Idstory  and    New   Testament  exegesis;  and  Rev.  J.  G 

Morris,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  lecturer  on  pulpit  elocution  and  the  relations  of  science 
and  revelation. 

OETTYSBUBG  m  KH  \sirir. 
At  the  time  the  Lutheran  Theological  Seminary  was  opened,  in  1826 
there  was  no  classical  or  scientific  school  at  Gettysburg  that  could  furnish 
suitable  preparatory  training  to  its  students.  The'  directors,  therefore,  made 
provision.  May  lb.  1827,  for  a  school  to  supply  this  want.  Rev.  S  S 
Bchmucker  and  Bey.  .1.  Serbs!  were  appointed  a  committee  to  select  a  teacher 
and  open  the  school.  Rev.  David  Jacobs,  A.  M.,  was  the  first  teacher,  and  in 
June  of  the  same  year  the  school  was  opened  in  the  academy  buildim-  on  Hio-h 
Street  a-  a  preparatory  department  of  the  seminary.  In  September,  1829  the 
budding  in  which  the  school  was  kept  was  sold  'by  the  sheriff,  and  was  pur- 
chased by  Rev.  s.  s.  Schmucker  for  $1,150,  who  divided  the  price  of  the  pur- 
chase into  sharesof  $50  each,  which  were  disposed  of  to  prominent  members  of 
the  church  Certain  articles  of  agreement  -aye  to  (he  stockholders  the  man- 
agement of  the  fiscal  affairs  of  the  school,  and  to  the  directors  and  Eaculty  of 
the  seminary  the  selection  of  teachers  and  the  regulation  of  the  course  of  study 
and  discipline  and  giving  to  the  school  the  title  of  ' 'Gettysburg Gymnasium. " 
The  number  of  students  increased  very  rapidly  under  the  new  management. 
Rev.  David  Jacobs  died  in  1830,  and  was  succeeded  the  following  Near  by 
lev.  H.  L.  Bangher,   A.    M..   who  took  charge  of  the  classical  department. 

lh?™>]  '•'■'" '-i  <"  gn.w.  measures  were  adopted  a    few  years  later  by 

wind  a  charter  was  obtained  from  the  Legislature  April  7,   1832,    Incorporat- 
ing the  institution  under  the  name  of 

PBNM8TXVAOTA   com     .,: 

Pennsylvania  folic-,,  was  founded  in  1832.  It  had  its  origin  in  the  wants 
of  the  community  and  the  church,  and  has  developed  from  small  beginnings  to  its 
J"';'.s"u,  Potion  of  commanding  influence  and  importance  amonghigh! 
tutions  ot  earn,,,-  lie  buildings  and  grounds  are  located  a  few  hundred 
yards  north  of  the ,oo  bra!  pari  of  the  town,  and  are  among  the  most  beautiful 
andattractive  oi  the  many  objects  of  interesl  in  and  around  Gettysburg 

ihe  organization  of  the  college    under  the    charter  was  effected  Julj    I 


196  HI8T0BY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

the  ^legato J-XSSJS^  SJa  t.tS.,1833),  wa.oaao.th. 
this  unotura  Hon.  Thada6UBbt»M»,  re  m  opr]. 

members  of  the  Legislature  bom  th»  r»"£  ™     g     This  appropriation  was 

P.  Kr'auth,  D.D.,  president,  April  l^1**^  f         at  prosperity  and 

Pennsylvania  College  now  entered ^P^f^^jfg  considered. 
usefulness.     Its  growth  benceforw^d  ™™*%™*£^  was  a  larger  and 

The  first  great  need  of  the  college  alter  »««^  entirely  inadequate, 
more  suitable  building,  the  old  ^^^hee^^  funds  with  which 
Vigorous  efforts  were  therefore  made  to  collect  thn^     ^y  ^^  ^ 

to  erect  a  suitable  building,  and  by A  pnl. ,UM  ^  4  and  tfae 

S£  fot  fcec^wSf  StSK  -  commenced  in  1830  and 

C0Thttll^per  consists  of  "^J^^^SM 
projections,   the  whole  length  being  150 >  feet       Itae  ng^  ^  ^  ^ 

hiah.    surmounted  by  an  octagonal   cupola  U  teei  building  is  oc- 

fn°height,  with  observatory      The  entire  front  *  «£«*  jj^  ^ 

cupied  by  a  portico  consi sting ;  of  to ui  flut ^^  -  ft  is  of  brickj  and 
in!  on  abutments  raised  to  the.h"gM°/^t^°  recitation  rooms,  chapel,  halls 
the  whole  exterior -is  painted  white.     It  contains  lecit  rf  rooms 

of  literary  societies,  libraries,  r^X3ing  origin^  about  $24,000. 
for  the  occupancy  of  students,  the  whole  costm     on  J         rf  arctitect 

The  college  edifice,  a  chaste  s-™^  * fa  ^agnifieent  grove  of  stately 
stands  on  gently  rising  ground  at  toe  eage  «  s  hands  of 

trees   the  most  of  which  were  planted  man}   J  ears a  o     ■  >?,  u 

professors  and  students  The  groun *£%££ ^  ^Twer-beds,  the 
sodded  and  tastefully  laid  out  in  beautiful  .r ve nues  w  leasing. 

general  effect  during  the  spring ;  and ^mmer  ^^f^  ^  burlding) 
g  Embraced  within  the  B™^^  a  *^££  Si7nrst  floor  being  used  for 
is  Linmean  Hall,  a  fine  two-story  blic\f ™;dU^,ecoad  story.  containing  a 
laboratory  and  class  recitation  purposes,  ^r^^  minerals,  fos- 
large  and  valuable  collection  of  PJ£Pared  ^,^tanica  collection  is  large  and 
sils  coins,  relics  and  other  curiosi ties  j^.™ taf  American  flora.  Few  col- 
^^tr^t^VST^Zsls,   the  collection  having  re- 

^^«1&  =  -r^Sum  rs 

house/have  also  been  erected  on  J6^01^^  afpafLs,    affording  stu- 
about  ten  years  ago  and  supplied  mtii  ^JWJ^ culture. 
dents  opportunity  for  exercise,  recreation^  and     en .        1  ^  obgervatory 

Through  the  liberality  of  some  of  the  friends  a  a  |      equipment  of 

was   erected  some  years   ago,   and. furnished  mth  ^£°        *    {as   been 
astronomical   and  meteorological   n  «^  clQAck  and  a  chronograph  have 

rr^^^^  *"*~  ol  class  mstructlon- 


HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY.  127 

In  1850  Dr.  Krauth  resigned  the  presidency,  baring  filled  it  most  worthily 

period  of  sixteen  years.     He  was  bui eded  in  September  of  the  same 

year  by  Rev.  EL  L.  Baugher,  D.  D.,  who  remained  at  the  belm  until  I 
of  his  death,  which  occurred  in  the  spring  of  1868,  during  which  period  the 
e  continued  to  pros]  ier. 
The  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  Dr.  Baugher  was  filled  by  the  election 

of  Rev.  ftf.  Valentine,  D.  D.,  who  thus  1 ame  the  third  president  of  i 

lege.      \\  ith  marked  ability  Dr.  Valentine  watched  over  the  interests  of  the 

college  until  1884,  a  period  of  sis n   years,  when,  having  resigned,  he  was 

followed  byEev.  II.  W.  McKnight,  D.  i)..  the  present  incumbent.  Dr.  Bio- 
Knight  is  a  graduate  of  the  college  class  of  L865,  and  a  native  of  the  county. 
The  present  faculty  and  instructors  are  as  follows:  H.  W.  McKnight,  D.  D., 
president,  and  professor  of  intellectual  and  moral  science;  L.  H.  Croll,' A.  M.', 
vice  president,  and  professor  of  mathematics  and  astronomy;  Rev.  A.  Martin' 
A.  M..  professor  of  the  German  language  and  literature,"  and  instructor  in 
I  l;J.  A.  Himes,  A.  M.,  Graeff  prof  essor  of  the  English  language  and  lit- 

erature;  Rev.  P.  M.  Bikle,  Ph.  D.,  Pearson  professor  of  the  Latin"language 
and  literature:  E.  S.  Breidenbaugh,  A.  M.,  Ockerhausen  professor  of  chemis- 
I  the  natural  sciences,  and  H.  Louis  Baugher,  D.  D.,  Franklin  profes- 
sor of  i  e  oguage  and  literature.  The  total  number  of  students  u, 
the  college  department  according  to  the  latest  catalogue  was  ninety-four. 

/   Department.     A   preparatory  department  under 'the  general 
care  ,,nd  supervision  of  the  faculty  has  been  connected  with  the  college  from 
g  mning.      The  primary  object  of  the  school  is  the  preparation  of  students 
of  either  sex  for  the  freshman  class  in  college.     While  this  is  the  main  purpose 
of  the  school,  those  who  wish   to   prepare   for  teaching,  or  for  mechanical  or 
business  pursuits,  are  permitted  to  select   such  studies  as  will  best  fit  them  for 
the,,-  special  pursuits.     The  present  preparatory  building,  located  on  a  slight 
ace  a  few  steps  north  of  town,  has  been  named  Stevens'  Hall  in  honor 
Thaddeus  Stevens,  a  life-long  friend  of  the  college,   who  gave  $500 
to  aid  in  its  erection.      The  first  teacher  was  Mr.  F.  Frederici,  appointed  Sep- 
tember 26,  1832.     The  present  principal  is  Rev.  J.  B.  Focht,  A.  M.,  assisted 
o  tutors,   George  W.  Banghman,  A.  B.,  and  Frederick  L.  Bergstresser, 
A.  B.    Number  of  students  in  preparatory  department,  as  per  latest  catalogue, 
is  forty-live.  a 

( '<.ll,  ge  Library.  The  college  library  numbers  about  9,000  volumes,  exclus- 
lveof  a  German  library  of  K)0  relumes  and  a  collection  of  books  owned  by  the 
Linnaean  Association  numbering  some  300.  Open  every  Saturday  at  10  A.  M., 
and  free  to  students  under  certain  regulations. 

Litt  vary  Socu  ties.-  There  are  two  literary  societies  connected  with  the  col- 
lege: the  Phrenakosmian  and  Philomathean.  The  object  of  these  is  practice 
moratory,  literary  composition,  reading  and  debate,  the  last  named  exercise 
taking  a  high  rank  from  the  first.  The  history  of  these  societies  being  almost 
identical,  they  may  with  propriety  be  sketched  conjointly. 

The  students  of  the  Gettysburg  Gymnasium  assembled  in  the  old  acad- 
emy, on  High  Street,  February  4,  1831,  to  take  measures  for  the  formation  of 
literary  societies.  After  several  addresses  the  roll  of  students  was  divided  as 
evenly  as  possible  into  two  sections,  the  first  section,  numbering  eighteen, 
becoming  the  founders  of  the  Phrenakosmian,  and  the  second  section,  muster- 
ing seventeen,  becoming  the  progenitors  of  the  Philomathean.  These  divisions 
at  once  retired  to  separate  apartments  for  organization,  Prof.  J.  H.  Marsden 
g  for  the  former,  and  Prof.  M.  Jacobs  wielding  the  gavel  for  the  lat- 
ter.    The  initiation  fee  of  each  was  fixed  at  50  cents.     This  was  afterward 


128  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

raised  to  $2. 50  and  ultimately  to  $5.  Fines  ranged  from  6|  cents  to  50  cents. 
The  regular  meetings  were  held  on  Friday  evenings  until  1840  when  the  time 
was  changed  to  Wednesday  afternoons.  The  Phrenakosmian  library  seems  to 
have  been  founded  in  1831  by  the  purchase  of  "Harper  s  Library  as  a  nu- 
cleus, while  on  January  27,  1832,  is  recorded  the  first  purchase  ol  a  work  for 
the  Philomathean  library- "Buff on' s  Natural  History."  Enlargements  of 
both  library  rooms  were  made  from  time  to  time  as  books  accumulated.  Both 
have  raised  and  invested  considerable  funds,  the  income  from  which  is  annual  y 
expended  in  the  purchase  of  books.  Each  library  numbers  about  6,500  vol- 
umes A  reading  room  under  the  management  of  each  society,  well  supplied 
with  suitable  periodicals,  has  been  established  for  the  use  of  its  members. 

NEW  OXFORD  COLLEGE  AND  MEDICAL  INSTITUTE. 

About  the  year  1840  an  institution  of  learning  was .established  at  New 
Oxford  under  the  above  title.  Its  founder  was  M.  D.  G.  Pfeiffer  M.  D  a 
German  scholar  and  thinker,  a  learned  and  skillful  physician  an  ardent  fiiend 
of  popular  and  liberal  education,  and  a  man  of  enlarged  and  advanced  views. 
One  of  the  primary  objects  in  the  establishment  of  this  institution  of  learning 
was  to  afford  its  founder  an  opportunity  of  illustrating  and  inculcating  his 
peculiar  theories  in  regard  to  human  development-moral,  mental  and  phys- 
ical Although  the  college  had  for  several  years  a  considerable  number  of  stu- 
dents it  never  received  public  support  and  patronage  commensurate  with  the 
efforts  put  forth  in  its  behalf,  and  the  enterprise  has  long  since  been  abandoned 
as  a  failure.  The  college  building,  much  neglected  and  weather-worn  and 
painfully  suggestive  of  unrealized  expectations,  is  still  standing  just  at  the 
edge  of  town  on  the  York  pike. 

HUNTERSTOWN  ENGLISH  AND  CLASSICAL  ACADEMY. 

A  school  of  great  usefulness  in  the  central  part  of  the  county,  as  well  as 
of  much  local  popularity,  was  the  "Hunterstown  English  and  Classical  Acad- 
emy." It  was  established  in  1851  by  Bev.I.  N.  Hays,  who  was  at  that  time 
serving  the  Presbyterian  congregation  at  %unterstown  as  then-  pastor.  Mr. 
Havs  clearly  perceiving  the  urgent  need  of  better  educational  advantages  than 
those  afforded  by  the  public  schools  of  the  neighborhood,  set  to  work  with 
ereat  energy  and  zeal  to  raise  the  funds  necessary  for  the  erection  of  a  suitable 
building.  In  a  comparatively  short  time  the  required  amount  was  secured, 
and  in  due  time  a  fine  two-story  brick  building,  with  one  room  on  each  &<*>*, 
was  put  up.  The  rooms  were  plainly  but  comfortably  furnished.  The  first 
Son  of  the  school  was  opened  November  3.  1852.  with  John  H  C  arke^s 
principal.  Although  the  school,  as  an  academy,  has  been  discontinued  foi  some 
years,  its  good  influence  is  still  felt  throughout  the  county. 

CATHOLIC    SCHOOLS. 

Nearly  all  the  populous  Catholic  communities  in  the  county  have  estab- 
lished separate  schools  for  Catholic  children.  In  these,  besides  the~mmon 
branches  of  study,  some  attention  is  usually  given  to  religious  instruction  lne 
first  of  these  schools,  of  which  we  have  any  knowledge,  was  organized  and 
tartht  at  Conowago  Chapel  about  the  year  1800  by  Rev.  F.  X.  Brosius,  who 
came  to  this  country  some  eight  years  before.  For  many  years  subsequently 
a  school  was  kept  here,  sometimes  conducted  by  the  clergy  and  sometimes  by 
lav  teachers  In  1870  E.  S.  Reily,  Esq. ,  had  charge  of  a  classical  school  here. 
}  In  1868  a  large  brick  building  was^erected  by  the  Catholics  at  Inshtown, 


HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY.  |.'!1 

in  Oxford  Township,  for  ohurch  and  school  purposes,  the  clergy  from  Cono- 
wago  attending  to  the  religious  instruction  of  tin.  children.     The  school  is  now 
pubhoand  known  as  Union  [ndependent.    The  large  parochial  school  al  Mount 
Rock,  in  Mountpleasant  Township,  was  started  about  twenty   years  ago   with 
;|'"  ■'    M    0  WeiU  as  the  first  teacher.     It  is  now  in  charge  of  Sisters  from 
Mcbherrystown.     There  is  a  flourishing  institution  at  McSherrystown  under 
the  direction  oi  the  Sisters  of  Charity,  established  in  L834.      In  L854  it  was 
moorporated  under  the  title  of  the  McSherrystown  Novitiate  and  Academy  of 
Nt-  Josepb.       I'll"   property    is   now  very  large  and  valuable.      Anion-  tho'be- 
aevolenl  objects  of  the  institution  are  theeducation  of  the  vomn-,  visitino- the 
sick    oaring    for    orphans  and  dispensing  charity.      The  Catholic  school  at 
Lit  lcstown  was  established  by   Rev.    !•'.    \.    Deneckere.  in    L867,  Miss  Mary 
\\  i  so,,  being  the  first  teacher.     The  same  priest  started  a  school  in  connection 
with  the*  athohc  congregation  at    New  Oxford,  in  |si;-_>,  the   school  now  num- 
bering over  100  pupils.     The  school  was  originally  held  in  the  church,  a  Mrs 
Trayer  being  the  first  teacher,  bul  in  1^77  a  suitable' school  building  was  erected, 
ihe  school  at  Bonneauville  was  started  bv  Rev.  Pope  in   1ST:!,  two  Sisters  of 
Charity  being  the  first  teach,.-..      A  large  and  flourishing  parochial  school  was 
estabhshed  in  Gettysburg  by  Rev.  J.  A.  Boll,  in  1877.     The  school  building  is 
a  comfortable  Erame  structure  in  rear  of  the  pastoral  residence,  and  cost   with 
its  outht.  about  $1,300.      Mr.  Boll  himself,  with  the  aid  of  suitable  assistance, 
conducted  the  school  for  a  period  of  two  years  and  a  half,  when  it  passed  into 
the  hands  of  Mr.  M.  P.  Power,  the  present  teacher.    Enrollment  about  100. 

THE    PKEE    SCHOOL    SYSTEM. 

The  free  school  system,  established  by  act  of  Assembly  in  1834,  was  at  first 
unpopular  m  certain  portions  of  the  county.  It  was  a  subject  of  excitincr  in- 
tone! to  all  classes  of  persons.  Considerable  feeling  was  manifested  in  oppo- 
sition to  the  common  school  law,  the  result  of  ignorance  and  prejudice  All 
"oraoi  ,,,,,,|-||  'lll<l  extravagani  notions  were  entertained  in  record  to  its  pro- 
?'.'M"""  .  yi"">  were  honestly  of  the  opinion  that,  by  promoting  general  intel- 
ligence n^md  encourage  idleness  and  crime,  that  it  would  oppress  tax-pay- 
ers, and  thai  it  would  prove  subversive  of  the  rights  and  liberties  of  the  peo- 
ple. But  gradually,  as  people  learned  to  understand  the  true  object  and  pur- 
f08?  ,,;  ™  lh"  advantages  of  general  education  became  apparent 

,"il!,:|,    '  '  '-''•'  opposition  gave  place  to  one  of  confidence  and  approval 

At  the  first  joint  convention  of  county  commissioners  and  school  directors  held 
m  Gettysburg  November,  1834,  it  was  found  that  of  the  seventeen  school  dis- 
tricts then  in  the  county,  the  following  had  voted  to  accept  the  free  schorl  sys- 
tem: Berwick,  Franklin,  Gettysburg,  Hamiltonban,  Huntington,  Menallen  and 
btraban,-  ,:  , accepting:  Conowago,  Germany,  Hamilton,  Latimore,  Lib- 
erty, Moiintjoy.  Mount  pleasant.  Reading  and  Tyrone— 9.  Cumberland  was 
not  represented.  The  convention  resolved  to  recommend  the  levyino-  of  a 
school  tax  in  each  accepting  district  equal  to  double  the  amount  of  State  ap- 
propriation to  such  district. 

At  the  second  conventi,  .n  of  county  commissioners  and  school  delegates  hold 
in  Gettysburg.  May  1.  L835,  it  was  found  that  fourteen  districts  were  repre- 
sented. 01  the,e.  Berwick,  Cumberland,  Franklin.  Gettysburg,  Hamiltonban, 
Huntington  Menallen  and  Straban,  8,  voted  as  accepting;  and  Hamilton.  Lib- 
erty, Mountpleasant,  Mountjoy,  Beading  and  Tyr 6,  roted  as  non-accept- 
ing A  local  school  tax  of  2  mills  was  voted  to  'bo  levied  in  each  of  the  ac- 
cepting districts. 

At  the  third  and  last  joint  convention   of  the   county  commissioners   and 


132  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

,    ,,.     r.„u„=v,m-o-   Mav  2    1836,  it  was  ascertained  that  all 
school  delegates,  held  m  Gettysbmg,  May  z    i^     ,  Conowago, 

the  districts  in  the  county  had  voted  to  ^  ^ ™ '  m0 Jtpleasant    ac 

^^IS^^^rCon^JlA,  and  Lahore  and  Bead- 

ing  wheeled  into  line  a  year  or  two  later. 

THE    COUNTY    SUPEBINTENDENCT. 

The  office  of  county  superintendent   created  fc^^^^S*, 

considerable  opposition  xn  some  quarter.     In «££**»   was'ba|  in  the 
public  feeling  was  against  it.      The  tree  scnooi    y  utterly  unneces- 

opinionof  many;  but  the  ingrafting  of  a  feature  upon* y  ^ 

sary  as  the  county  supenntendency  was  ateocious         mo  i     j 

alone  the  office,  which  has  been  no   maptly  B^e  light »mo  ^ 

"Xtnr^^ 

a  salary  of  $300  per  annurn    ^  served  a  little  inoi    than  two^ 

1,  1858,  but  died  of  typhoid  fever  m  AXr,'0f  the  same  year.  Mr.  El- 
John  C.  Ellis    who  was  commissioned  in  ^«££^™Je  full  t     m  of 

lis  was  6lecteVnMfl?1863  A^on  ShLly  was  Reeled  at  tbe  triennial  con- 
three  years.  In  May,  lbbd,  Aaion  one  y  convention  of  school  di- 
vention,  the  salary  remaining  the  **** a  pec  ml  ccm  ^  ^ 
rectors  held  in  November,  18o4,  the  saiaiy  was  d  ted  in 
re-elected  in  May,  1866,  at  the  same .salary  ^Howard  W  est  w  ^_ 
1869,  the  salary  being  continued  at  the  same  figure      Me  r!W"          f      the 

ing  ^^^^^^^^T^'SilZ  -s  again 
unexpired  term.      In  IS  .  2 Aa  on  bhee  y  p  salary  being  fixed  at 

^^i^^^m^^^  ^  salary  remaining  the  same. 

EDUCATIONAL    MEETINGS. 

The  Gettysburg  papers  of  November  18,  l^«JShSd£  SS^ 
ing  of  the  -Teachers'  Association  of  Adams  County     tobeJeM  ^ 

nia  College  on  the  20th  of  the  same  month    The  ca  1 ^ ^ ne       y  ^ 

Ashbaugh,  as  secretary.  From  ^^  rf  1*  cdld^uU  making  it  one  of 
one  similar  meeting  was  held  P«°r.to  %°f  unfortunately,  however,  the 
t^SrX^^f^l^^Jf,  these  meetings,  and  no 

"*?£  ££ eSaX5°^t^  meeting  in  the  conn*  ^  the  =ty 
superintendency  went  into  operation,  convened  »t  thecall  ot  sup 

W\lls,  November  11,  1854  .remaining ■» ^ession one  JrJ^  ^ 
tions  adopted  at  this  meeting  favored  the  holding ;ox  associa- 

Fiftv  teachers  responded  to  their  names.       The  second  m  eting  ^ 

tion  was  held  in  Gettysburg  beginning  f^^^  Gettvsbiir-,  October  2,  3 
s«ession  two  days.  The  third  meeting  « ^d^Gettys  in  ckrist  Church, 
and  4,  of  the  same  year.     The  ^^ng  -nv^e  ^^  ^ 

Gettysburg,   February  7,    18ob    and  was wel 


(Continued  at  page  135.) 


i|§|     Year  ending  June. 

$ 

Hiol.      Imt.,1  districts. 

s 

3»333£3§£S2£g                             . .' t  ErrSEES?,  iis    Whole  number  of  schools. 

O 

; 

o 

B 

B 

:    :    :    :    :                           \    -**-' '-^n01  ?lto~4COO>~J~,a0  |  No.  of  schools  yet  re< 

a 

■5** 

4  50 

4  33 
4.51 
4.39 
4.7 
4.7 
4.64 
1  9 
4.91 

4.57 
4.70 

1 .  76 

4.7'J 

1  95 

4.8 
5.81 
5.28 

5. -jr. 

5.33 
6.48 

5  40 
5.46 

5  ~  5  £  ■;  r                                      r  --  2SSSS5  SS  -. '/  SKSo  1  Number  of  male  teachers. 

H 

a 

a 
ta 

a 

!§  SSSSS3S88S8fe'38'2gS8g3g  |  Number  of  female  teachers. 

20  :u 

21  24 

21  98 

22  93 

23  36 

-     - 

22  <;i 

22  51 
-.'1  64 

26  21 

29  74 

32  24 
32  82 
32  10 

81   Til 

81   92 
31  97 
31  36 

30  65 
29  65 

28  00 

27  90 

28  22 

29  27 

29  05 

! 

J    Average  salaries  of  males. 

13  32 
16  10 

14  43 

18  81 

18  77 
20  48 

is  12 

19  05 

23  os 

23  47 

28  10 

:; 1 

29  51 
29  41 
28  60 

28  00 
27  44 
27  43 
27  92 
25  44 
25  02 

24  19 

25  00 

29  95 

27  22 

> 

Average  salaries  of  females. 

• 
3,0(19 

3,909 

4,010 
4,027 
1,127 
4.071 
1,100 
3,977 
4,058 
3,033 

3,703 
3,667 

3,679 

3,732 

3,899 
3,950 
3,984 
3,802 
3,795 
3,946 
4,033 

3,858 
1,001 

Number  of  male  scholars. 

0 

E 
O 
r 
> 

3,101 
3,213 
3,124 
3.116 
3,150 
3,183 
8.  124 

3.443 

8,24  1 

3.347 

8,211 

3,19.8 

3,141 

3,192 

8,405 
8,401 

3,476 

8,610 
8,467 

3,547 

Number  of  female  scholars. 

M  M  M               j  j  j  j  j  1  i  j  »j  i  j  j  j  «sj  j  j 

Number  learning  German. 

12 

■1  osl 
4.910 

4,710 

4.497 

4.487 

1  --II 

4.834 
5.041 
5.026 
1  982 
4.470 
4.628 
4.813 
4.725 
4.860 
4.673 
4.100 
1  649 
4  606 
1.007 

5.020 
5.095 

5.076 

Average  number  of  scholars 
attending  school. 

% 

Cost  of  teaching  each  scholar 
per  month. 

$13,380  64 
15,002  94 

18.307  80 
19,161  66 
19,726  07 
22,199  13 
20,590  60 
20,689  16 
20,804  77 
22,206  40 

■2i;,  114:1  10 
30,018  38 
40,474  46 

88.308  67 
39,561  2(1 
88,611  04 
36,624  si 

31-,. 771    S7 

3:;, on;  96 

38,471  96 
34,070  47 
36,092  40 

31,120  80 
31,171   22 

36,01-2  41 

Total  amount  of  school  and 
building  tax  levied. 

a 

77 

ft 

B 

$-2,197  04 
2,188  20 
2,188   1" 
2,194  50 
2,191  ."in 
2,286  03 
3,100  60 

3,109  60 

3, mo  r,o 

8,026  22 
3,261   14 
8,340  6H 
8,102  06 
4,049  60 

.r..:ill2  74 

8,120  06 
7.174  M 

7,870  62 

Amount  received  from  State 
appropriation. 

$12,677  61 

13,714  54 
15,158  7s 
16,006  79 

0,127    4S 

10, .-.2:1  92 
17,030  74 
20,014  38 
17,881    12 
21,101  68 
24,887  81 
26,644  17 
33,111    13 

10,732  56 

46,819  16 
37,471   10 

38,330  «s 
4(1,777  66 

88,617  53 
86,498  27 

40.311    17 

86,608  71 

30,77:/  37 

48,270  41 

Amount  received  from  col- 
lector of  school  tax. 

(12,588  63 

12,120  110 
10,891  33 
13,179  95 
14,605  66 

14,929  83 
16,268  10 

16,0      1 
17,4  '-   1  ' 
18,478  on 
20,856  95 
21,654  64 
22,610  26 

26,060  -21 
47,291   16 
26,846  17 
26,711  00 

•20,310  35 

24,21(6  12 

23,501  00 
24,619  06 

26,807  21 

Cost  of  instruction. 

R 
Y, 

PJ 
55 

g 
H 

a 

S3 

P 

$1,880  so 
1,601   11 
2,473  11 
2,225  24 

2,0:11  97 

■2.752  S7 

2,750  10 

4,696  20 
6,166  26 
6,872  81 

7.12:1  70 
7,179  70 

8,618  80 

7.107  B2 
10,561    16 

10,120  7s 
12,009  05 
9,262  07 
9,424  42 
6,842  20 
9,«47  36 

9,3!  15  99 

7,980  41 
8,431  86 

11.17  1   2:1 

18,  -'i  1  1 

Fuel  and  contingencies. 

$1,607  84 
1,275  64 

6,995  76 
4,308  01 
8,064  16 
2,164  93 

7,036  "2 

In. -77  31 

17,801  98 

10,14(1  80 

9,208  62 

4,179  98 
9,628  '.in 
4,788  61 

8,201    14 

6,066  .'i1- 
9,048  ss 

Cost  of  schoolhouses;   pur- 
chasing,   building,    rent- 
1     ing,  repairing,  etc. 

2.S 

8.10 

::  03 

2.9 

2.78 

3. 

1.88 

2.81 

1  .1 
3.80 

1  17 

1 

2.6 

2  16 

•2.32 

2.7 

2  hi 

1.81 

1.85 
1  71 
1  02 

•2.02 
■2.30 

Number  of  mills  on  dollar 
for  school  purpo 

►3 

> 
M 
So 

% 

1.16 

4.75 
8.26 
1.6 
8. 

2.05 
2.5 

2  7.2 
2.07 

2  so 

3.22 

S.fS 
3.85 
8,06 

2  39 

3. 

5,:iii 
1.70 
1.54 
1.17 
.88 

1.26 

1. 

1.12 

1.86 

2.18 

1.90 

1  97 

Number  of  mills  on  dollar 
for  building  pui  | 

815,427  38 
1  1,002  75 

22.400  95 
20,900  04 
20,870  36 
19,811  09 

21,914  98 
22. 075  77 
24,912  26 

82.401  26 
37,818  37 
87,428  is 

47,241    13 
48,461   37 
45,274  10 
70,899  77 
42,288  11 
11,442  66 
11,064  65 
I7,0il3  47 
4  2,12.'.  32 
39,171  85 
12,174  22 

37,31c  97 
40,760  01 
12,862  28 
43,367  41 
19,481  28 

1  Total  amount  expended  for 
school  purposes. 

(133) 


(134) 


11  ISTi  IKY   OF  ADAMS  COUNTY.  135 

interesting  foroughout      It  does  aoi   appear  that  any  meetings  of  the  associa- 
aonwere  neld  duringthe  nexl  twoyears,  bu<  cm  the  LOthand  11th  of  February 
l°89<  a1  thecal!  of  Superintendenl   MeHhenny,  an  interesting  session  of  two 
days  was  held  m  the  public  school  building  in  Gettysburg.      From  this  time 
until  1867,  when  the  presenl  law  establishing  the  County  Institute  and  pro- 
viding for  its  maintenance  wen!  into  operation,  meetings  weir  held  as  follows 
N.'u    Oxford.   December  S  t,,   III.    |s,V.):    Xew   Oxford,  January  11   to  17     1862 
York  Springs,   October  29  to  31,    L862;  Fairfield,    December  29  to  31  '  1863 
Bendersville,  December  28  to  30,   L864;  Gettysburg,   October  25  to  27    1865- 
and  Littlestown  November  2]    to  23,   L866,     In  L887,  commencing  November 
2o,  a  five  days'  session  was  held  at  New  Oxford,    in  accordance  with  the  pro 
visions  of  the  county  institute  law  of  April  9,  of  the  same  year.       The  atten- 
dance at  this  meeting  was  unprecedcitedly  large,  about  125  teachers  being 
present.      Since  that  time  the  institute  has  met  regularly,  once  a  year    in  Get- 
tysburg, with  large  attendance  of  teaches  and  others,  and  with  most  gratifying 

The  Pennsylvania  State  Teachers'  Association  held  a  three  days'  session  in 
Oettysburg  in  August,  1866. 

I  0H<  I.USION. 

The  education  of  the  county,  which  has  been  a  matter  of  steady  growth 
and  progress,  has  here  been  sketched  with  as  much  completeness  as  was  pos- 
sible within  the  limited  space  allowed.  As  a  fitting  conclusion  a  comparative 
tabular  statement  is  appended  showing  the  condition  and  working  of  the  com- 
mon school  system  in  the  county  since  L854,  and  also  one  showing  the  oper- 
ations for  the  year  ending  jum.  i     [885.  r 


CHAPTER   XXI. 


Debating  sornrriKs-Tm:  Gettysburg  sentimental  Society-Poluglassic 

BOCIBTY-THE  GeTTYSBI   >:..    DEBATING  AND  SENTIMENTAL  SOCIETY. 

IN  studying  a  people  who  have  passed  away  there  is  nothing  that  so  readily 
gives  ns  an  insight  into  their  intellectual  life— and,  after  all,  this  is  the 
only  part  of  the  history  of  the  human  race  that  is  both  interesting  and  instruct- 
ive—as the  papers  they  wrote  and  the  discussions  they  had.  It  is  here  we 
reach  tho  regions  of  mind  growth:  how  and  what  they  concerned  themselves 
about  as  thinking  and  reflecting  beings. 

The  questions  discussed  in  the  ancient  style  of  debating  societies  tell  much 
of  the  people.  These  societies,  in  their  original  style,  have  mostly  passed 
away.  Then  the  whole  male  population  of  the  village,  attended  with  interest 
all  their  meetings.  A  question  for  the  next  week  would  be  proposed,  and  two 
leaders  named,  and  they  would  choose  every  one  in  the  room,  alternately  and 
even  the  boys  would  taper  off  the  end  of  the  many  debaters.  A  president 
chosen,  and,  after  listening  to  all  the  speeches,  decide  the  question.  They 
were  valuable  schools  for  old  and  young.  Here  were  often  fostered  and  devel- 
oped the  orators  who  were  destined  "to  hold  Senates  spell-bound." 
_  "The  Gettysburg  Sentimental  Society"  was  the  first  debating  club  organized 
in  the  county,      Its  first  meeting  was  on  the  night  of  October  2,  1807."    Will- 


136  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

i  nnioo+i'nn-    "Are   our   senses   fallacious?"      The 

iam  Reed  was  secretary.  Q™SfVt  ™  by  volunteer  speakers,  and  the 
question  was  argued  long  and  fairly  *"^g  7  the  affi  Jative.  But  dis. 
decision,  by  a  vote  of  the  house,  w^  ™™  who  did  not  agree  with  the 
putants   had   become  exerted    esp^aU? ^hos who  p-  rf  ^ 

all  good  weather.  ™.aPtical   but  did  not  elicit  such  earnest  dis- 

^^aXlSSK  be  guided  by  the  will  of  his 
putants.  It  _  was  Sjx^nt^^B  question  as  the  reader  will  see,  was 
constituents  instead  of  his  own  ?         lhe  q aesmo  llghould  banknotes 

loosely  stated,  but  closely  -J^Stned  statesmen  decided  this  in  the 
be  made  legal  tender?        These  °iaiasir  secretary,  and  the  question 

egative.     *%*»£™^™£££^<i  acquired?"      This  called 
discussed  was       Is  iemaie  unnuiuj  ^  -11acre      Tue  bald  heads  and  gray 

out  a  torrent  of  the  latent  eloquence  of  ^lage. 1  be  ^j   rf 

beards  in  eloquent   measures   said   ^J^Jsba&mA-  thing  in  the 

^ Stvofe  a^wh1-  hbita6cl  tt  S3  the  discussion,  it  was  over- 
whelmingly  voted  in  favor  of  ' 'ac^rred  Question:   "Are  theatrical 

A.  M.  Mcllhennywas  ^e^e\f2f^ag  ^immediate  prospect  of 
performances  injurious  to  society?  .^^loLanentlj  inflict  their  pres- 
Ly  of  the  cheap  humbug  troupes  that  now   ^  Jeque      y  .^^  ^ 

ence  upon  the  town  this  question  >^ J^^^  the  subJect  <Ts 
the  girl  question      Then  m  its  order   the  soc     y  negativa     Then 

duelling  a  mark  of   courage  This  was    dec  ^  &  ^  tQ 

came  the  tremendous  question      Idomeneus    Kin  He 

Neptune,  to  sacrifice  the  ^^^^UlX  ^age^  o/not?» 
met  his  own  son.     ^  as  he in  tne     »  nf        It  had  a  ciassical  twang, 

This  was  a  ponderous  and  fticfne,p^"uty  about  it  that  set  it  to  bump- 
^k^tlStSS^SM^  in  the  community.  These 
ing  around  in  the   biain  or  eveiy  ^  f  intoieranCe;  when  men 

people  were  the  immediate  descendants  of  an  age  o  d  ^  ^ 

We  prone  to  discussions  on  the  most ^nebulous  ™^»  believe,  without  the 
alLunderstand;  an  age  when  ^^^^Sbelieved,  or  be  looked  upon 
ability  or  the  effort  to  understand  what  the  gener  a   tj  D  ^  ^  ^ 

as  a  proper  subject  ^  oTwo  Id  Ge^an\S,  with  its  Anglo-Saxon  mask. 
American  head  upon  the  Old  \\  oria  umn  d  ag  we  have 

They  were  the  sons  of  the  men  of  sue h .. n age  and  ol  su  for  ^^ 

described,   and   therefore,  they  cm  Mto dm  tin  s ne  tion  ^^  rf 

^rP^t^^^dT         — — a 

dormant  state  that  lasted  some  years  called  tbe  <Tol. 

In  1809  another  debating  societj  was  toimeo i  in  Na_ 

uglassic  Society,"  heavens,  what  names!  ^dubxwrtj^ J^Ve prodigal  or 
Daniel  Paxton.  The  tat ^ -  -  JT^^  JffiLS  Wt  was  de- 
ffi  V^S*^^"-  primitive  days  have  either  misers  or 


prodigals  ? 


HISTORV  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 


137 


A  communication  from  J.    Boward  Wert,  of   Barrisburg,  who  has  his  fa 
thers  papers,  gives  the  particulars  of  the  revival  of  the  Sentimental  Society 
Mr Weri  wrote  under  the  impression  thai   this  was  the  original  organ 
of  the  club,  and  was  ad  aware  of  the  previous  history  of  the  society  a.  eiven 
above.      Be  says:  J       B 

"December  9,  1813,  there  was  organised  in  the  schoolhouse  of  Kobert  Hor 
ner,  Gettysburg, -a  society  styled  'The  Gettysburg  rM.ating  and  Sentimental 
Society.        The  schoolhouse  stood  on   the  corner  where  the  school   pi 
nowis,  and  the  teacher  was  the  grandfather  of  the  present  Dr   Horner 

"The  society  appears  to  have  been  flourishing  for  a  time,  bul  to  ha'veeone 
down  about  September.  L816.  1  have  the  records  now  in  my  possession,  and 
the  last  meeting  recorded  was  August  31  of  that  year.       There  were  on  that 

m  bul  five  members  present,  when  the  meeting  commenced;  one  expe I 

member  was  readmitted  by  a  rote  of  three  to  two.  and  another  member  pre 
sente.t  himseli  and  took  his  seat  before  adjournment. 

'The  last  record  in  the  book  is  in  the  handwriting  of  Adam  Wert,  recently  de- 
ceased, and  the  records  have  I n  in  his  care  ever  since  that  time.     About  ten 

IgO  Judge  Zeigler  visited  father  for  the  purpose  of  seeing  these  old  roe 
ords.  As  far  as  he  knew  there  were  at  that  time  one  or  two  survivors  besides 
rather  and  hm 

"The  first  member  to  die  was  George  W.  Spencer  (the  first  signer  of  the 
constitution)  tolled  at  the  battle  of  Bridgewater,  in  Upper  Canada,  July  25, 
11  ■  ,1:'  ,,H'  best  of  my  knowledge  father  was  the  last  survivor,  dying  No- 
*e.mbe?  '  '•  L°85.-  """■'■  ^an  sevens  one  years  after  Spencer.*  The  book  con- 
tains the  resolutions  adopted  at  the  reception  of  the  intelligence  of  Spencer's 
death;  also  a  eopj  of  the  same  printed  in  the  office  of  the  Centinel 
.  .  ,"T  o';^1"'11  members  numbered  thirteen;  the  added  members  thirty-one- 
total,  forty  four.  I  append  the  list.  Some  are  quite  familiar  names  to  a 
majonty  of  your  citizens,  but  many  are  but  dimly  recollected  even  by  the  oldest 


Georee  W.  Spencer, 
David  Middlekauf, 
Henry  Welsh, 
[saac  1!   Smith, 

Adam  Wert. 


David  Garvin, 
John  M.  Duncan, 
David  Brown, 
Alfred  Crawford, 
Philip  Varnnni. 
Hugb  M.-Kalip, 
Samuel  McFarland, 
Clement  MeKnftt, 
•lobn  Horner, 
David  Zeigler, 
Samuel  Cobean, 


OBIQUTAL    MEMBERS. 

Richard  Abbott, 
John  Agnew, 
David  Horner, 
James  Galloway, 
Thomas  J.  Cooper, 

ADMITTED    MEMBERS. 

John  Scott, 
William  Miller, 
James  B.  Mel  Ireary, 

Horatio  Wales, 
•la.  ..I)  Middlekauf, 
Evan  Watkins, 
David  Sweeney, 
T.  Lloyd, 
Daniel  Ogden, 
Solomon  Hetser, 
Simon  Shoppy, 


James  McFarland, 
George  McKnitt, 
R.  G.  Harper. 


Matthew  Gegan, 
James  Cornelius, 
Thomas  Durborow, 
Alexander  Mellvain, 
Henry  H.  Owings, 
William  Scott, 
Alexander  Cobean, 
James  Gettys, 
James  Rowan. 


•A  mistake.    James  McCreary 
brother,  Uenry  McCreary,  though  n 


i  now  living  jo  Great  Bend,  Penn.,  aged  eighty-seven  years.    A  youneer 
it  a  member  of  .ocu-iy,  is  living  new  Pitisl.uVgh.-Eb.  J^nger 


138  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 


CHATER  XXII. 

AND     SENTINEL-THE    COMPILEK      1HE Lj^STAL       PALACE-LlTTLESTOWN 

Weekly    Visitor-Weekly     Led.,  l    U  astal ■  Era-New  Ox- 

rpHE  story  of  the  coming  ^^^^^£^^^£5^: 

S=S=SJf£^  so  — t  in  its 

simplicity.  19    1S0ft   T?0wt  Harper  issued  the  first  paper 

advertisements  (a  subject  o   ^^^^f^SS^Hew  Testament/; 
offering  for  sale  at  the  office,   .  T^ee  beimon  g  Prompter.'* 

-A  short  and  easy  Method  w.th  the  De^fa ^    and  tU ^  „  aad  „01d 

In  the  profane  line  the  "ads    were.         Wanted ^  ^  .^ 

JSSC^1252SS-<S2t  ^  ~  *■*"'  - tteDeath 

°f  ^£2S£  1-  a  communication  fro* ,M ose >s  McCle-   of  J  Carroll^ 
Delight."     He  had  failed  to  vote,  it  seems,  foi  govern ^   dect   an 
miss°ed  as  deputy  ^^K^^J^SZ  good  older  and  am  still 
SUme^slmfn  Slir  wasS  iTntSo  continue  surveying  in  the  pri- 
VatNovImber  26      Conrad  Laub,    of  York,    gives  notive  to  the  distillers  of 
MamTSotty to  pay  duties  to  Walter  Smith  o^ettysburg  a  ^ 
With  the  thirdissue  the  paper &  su^nd    ^^^ 
vived  January    ,  1801.     u™°  "f1 ,  '  factorv  "     Robert  Bingham  advertises 
tice  in  his   "  spinmng-wheel  and  P^1™^.™    ,.      William  Hamilton, 
his  plantation  for  sale,  "seven  miles  fioni  Gettysburg, 
executor  of  estate  of  John  Gaudy,  givesnotice.  ^^ 

pensburg  roads.  T    th    j     ds  of  Robert  Mc- 

The  paper  of  February  11,  180a.,    has   loi   s^  administrators. 

Canaughy,  deceased,  by  John  M.Canaugy  and  Ro bertH ay      adm 
The  premises  were  situated  three  miles  ^  «fgSfn  advertises  an  estray 

^.a,sfiaK^Jt  fe^5^  ms  wife'  "eiopedon 

the  14th  of  January." 


HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY.  1  |] 

Gfdate  February  18  is  an  advertisement  of  '-Dickinson's  Five  Lectures 

pn)|U","1"r;i",,r"i;  by  John  and  1 1  ugh  Patterson,  giving  notice  that  "Thomas 

Patteison.  deceased   Kave  unto  Sa,n„,l  Sett,  late  of  Hai.iiltonban,  but  now  of 

b^esanlf  d8ted°0tober21'  '^"  -•  -*  warning  people  ag^t 

February  25  announced  the  election  of  Thomas  Jefferson.  The  news  was 
sent  ,v  express  to  Baltimore,  and  i„  eight  days  it  was  known  to  the  readers  o 
h,  . ,  nHnel  i„  fte  issue  of  March  4,  is  this,  the  total  editorial  or  origmal 
matter  m  the  paper:  "We  received  no  Philadelphia  papers  by  this  wSk!a 
7LnJry  mT  a'ld  Edward  Wai™,  executors  of  Frederick  Warren, 
r  nn  1H  I!  w'n"  ""'p,,?6^  1SSUe  «"»"»»""*  that  *e  governor  has  ap- 
f,"  \\llham  G'lhlanda  major-general  of  militia,  and  Dr.  William 

Crawford  fourth  associate  judge  of  Adams  County.  March  4  there  was  a 
J'f  !n  Gettysburg  to  rejoice  and  jollify  over  the  election  of  Jefferson 

Sir,  T   nM     r       m  C°  •  P9**78    inD-      ^  WiUiam  Crawford  mad«  the 

fl  f         i  ;    ™mmlttee  reported  ringing  resolutions,  and  then  all  sat  down  to 

■    rlna A i  *  T  g-  Tf-  ,  Fr°m  the  number  of  to88t8  we  "elect  the  fourth: 

an  h  ™t  T'  V'^  ^  !aC6~a  less0Q  to  a11  ^^  Presidents,  that 

an  honest  man  may  be  duped  by  bad  ministers."      The  seventh:    "A  speedy 
repeal  of  the  naturalisation  laws. ' '     The  resolutions  were  drawn  by  Dr  Will 
mm  Crawford,  \\  ilham  Reid  and  William  Maxwell  J 

•  Joh\Be,nder  anno1unces  that  he  will  not  act  longer  as  justice  of  the  peace 
since  he  had  earned  he  ••  would  not  be  fined  for  recusing  to  act."  Maich  18 
roue  has  Wtar  list  James  Brice,  P.  M.  The  letter/are  to  "John  Craw 
fard,  South  Mountain,  care  Robert  Scott,  inn-keeper,  Nicholson's  Can- 
5"£S  ''  r0"  Hil!-1Isaa"  Mott  R0bOTt  SimP80n  "  Matthew  Long^n 
ant  colone  Tt  T  TV^  m  **^b«8  for  «**  James  Gettys,  lieuten- 
ant-colonel of  Twentieth  Regiment,  gives  notice  to  officers.   March  27  Commis- 

:,",I;'r;  h-  f^T7  fdTJ«cob  (i™™yer  give  notice  to  pay  ground  rent 
fa.    fate  in  Gettysburg  to  John  Murphy.      April   15  Dr.  Samuel  AgWs  card 

mibli  ^SH  UU  :TPPearSi  and  ?afSea1£°bean  had  J'ust  rented  «d  4ned  to  ?he 
public  Gettys  Inn.  August  19,  1801,  the  four  columns  of  the  first  pa^e  are 
flUed  with  a  communication  signed  -Old  Maid."  discussing  celibacy    °Then 

bv ^  Ermfte  ""Tt  ^''""'rr  "T°the  Kepublicans  of  Adams  County," 
„L  Ed"mlte-  Thea  thf.  third  communication  follows,  a  little  over  a  col- 
umn.     There  are  yet  no  editorials  in  the  paper 

The  paper  reached  its  Vol.  II,  No.  1,  December  2,  1801.  The  total  of  its 
iamGilHW  "  T  T  t,m68  P™^  "9*"*"'  Samuel  Brown  and  Will- 
and  ?  n  A  "X"''  "  '  )lexander  Bl0Wn  (deceased),  and  James  McCreary 
andJohnA^ewawataj  for  James  Agnew  (deceased),  of  Liberty  Township 
David  Moore,  administrator  of  Margaret  Douglass,  of  Cumberland  and 
tanne"    ^^  ^^^   "*?**  &  C^V'  in  Benjamin  Beutch's 

n«™?nnil*  °Ver  th'i  firSt  tW.°  yearS  °f  the  fiIes  of  the  Centinel  the  modern 
lZ ? !T.r  Ul:i'\°\rdeT'  W0Uld  be  iml»'""<"'  "ia  the  absence  of  editorial  or 
local  matter,  and  the  many  communications,  political,  religious  and  personal 
and  the  extreme  length  of  the  communications'  The  editof  invited  eviyodv 
Wr.5*  1F  sa-vuinh>s  paper,  and  everybody,  it  seems,  responded  at  length 
\\  hen  the  paper  had  been  going  about  six  months  these  communications  poured 
in  and  even  the  editor,  who  took  a  lively  hand,  especially  with  Dr.  Ham 
Crawford,  wrote  as  a  contributor  under  an  assumed  title  for  some  time      IT 


HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 


•™  +n  tbe  vmblic  wants  and  sentiments  of 
Harper's  paper  evidently  was  response to  the  public  ^  &  ^^ 

his  day,  t-at  is  in  its  make  up  an^  ^dislike  g*™  as  did  Jefferson 
alist.  and  he  hated  Jefferson  co rdially -  ag  *  ^  Democrats.  Thus  we  are 
become  more  and  more  ^  idol  °f  th e  Kep  ^^  ^  le 

furnished  with  a  splendid  view  o    gjP^.  The  majority  of  Har- 

WTOte  and  exploited  themselves  m  *^  «hPiher,  were  simply  bitter  per- 
per's  and  Dr.  Crawford  s  r:'e    ;  ^fnd  morals  were  exposed  ad  nau.eam 

k:sr;r£ttr^ro™^  was  very  „«  ^ 

SarKunT^ 

iW£SSS^S5^ci&,-a  abdication  stands  on 

^M^**""--^^^^  about  cow- 
po^  &^^liSE^S-re^  a  title  page, 

John  Clark  advertises  a  va  uab e  gi jst-m  1L     ^  ^  & 

William  McPherson  offers £20  reward  lor  fj^^  as  ..  i  am  going  to 

his  chan  factory,   and      V&j  up,     *«y 
remove  bom  the  county.  ansWers  certain  questions  as  to  the  price 

„,  Kt  r^2».  kl.  -  ■*■  -todB  -  TOrti  from 

'^.'^  ««..»«,  »»d.  then:  ^  ^t«"et»  oV.K 

An  entire  change  m  the  btate  juoic     jj  February  to  April, 

the  cause  of  adjourning  the  Adams  Count}  courts ^irc  ^  ^^ 

^ November.  W   John  Adair ^^"^2^"     Henry  Weaver, 
Mountain,  -  at  the  forks  of  the  ^  ^J^^  and  j ad  delivery  court, 

for  wood  for  the  court  house  and  jail.  bookstore  at  his  printing  office, 

By  this  time  R  Harper  s  ^^™  anA  instructive  study  It  covers 
and  his  list  of  books  for  sale  is  ^"J**™*  one  is  a  work  on  religion,  corn- 
nearly  twopages  of  the  P^^f^  Christian  Religion;"  "  Bunyan  8 
mencing  with  ' '  Addison  s  Evidences  o*  m _  q{  Hope;„      The 

Pilgrims  Progress;  '   'BJ^^1  Town's  Shorter  Catechism;"    ''Beauties 
Life  of  Evangelical  Obedience.         B™wn  S  s  iritualized,  or  a  New  Com- 

of  Hervey,"    ''^^^T^-^o^oi  Pleasant  Observation  of 
pass  for  Seamen,  Co^tog  f  g  Sections,  all  Concluded  with  Romany 


HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNT V.  1  |:; 

Holy  Scriptures;    Lsterj    [mpeached  in  a  Deistioal  Publication,    Printed   in 

Philadelphia;    together  with  a   Reply  to  two  Theological   Lectures   Delivered  in 

Baltimore:  "  the  Sinners'  Guide"  [the  ungodly  in  these  days  call  it  "steer- 
mi,'  in  grangers  |;  "  [nstructions of  Youth  in  Christian  Piety;"  "  Watt's  Mis 
oellany;"  "The  Immortal  Mentor,"  etc.,  etc.,  etc. 

In  addition  to  these  libraries  of  religious  books,  .Mr.  Harper  commenced 
the  repnnl  oi  books  of  Bermons,  which  he  sold  from  his  office  by  subscription 
These  were  the  hook-  all  people  who  read  at  all  then  purchased  and  placed 
m  their  family  libraries,  and  diligently  read  and  meditated  upon  the  future 
i.  heaven  and  the  burning  lake.  This  was  to  their  intensely  religious  natures 
joyful  mental  food.  They  reveled  in  death  dirges;  they  pound  forth  their 
solemn  chanting  songs  over  a  dead  world— dead  in  sin 'and  iniquity  Their 
ears  were  dosed  to  the  joyous  spring-time  and  the  carolings  to  heaven  of  the 
mounting  birds  in  their  upward  flights,  and  they  saw  only  the  windowless 
grave,  the  worms,  and  festering  decay,  and  the  entire  background  to  this  ter- 
rible picture  was  an  angry,  inappeasable  God,  who  was  ever  creatine  to  etern- 
ally punish.  Then-  lives,  their  religion,  their  literature,  their  best  enjoyment 
was  this  gloomy,  solemn,  silent,  dogmatic  and  austere  existence  that  was 
natural  to  them,  was  ingrained  into  their  blood  and  very  hones.  It  had  come 
to  them  by  inheritance,  by  education,  by  the  bent  of  the  age,  by  their- own 
and  their  ancestors'  surroundings.  They  were  as  severe  and  illiberal  in  their 
politics  as  in  their  morals  and  dogmas.  But,  like  their  fathers,  there  was  in 
all  of  them  the  savm-  qualities  of  a  manly  self-reliance,  and  a  deep  seated  all- 
conquering  love  of  liberty. 

..^tno^lf  M':'-  6'  l807,  James  D»ncan,  register,  gives  notice  to 
Elizabeth  Dehl,  of  the  estate  of  Sally  Dehl;  and  Esther  McGrew  and  William 
McGrew,  of  the  estate  of  William  McGrew;  and  Shem  Greybel  and  Joel  Grev- 
bel.  of  the  estate  of  Joseph  Greybel;  Walter  Smith  and  John  Adgy,  estate  of 
thai,  A.dgy;  John  Stoner  and  Martin  Hoover,  estate  of  Abraham  Stoner- 
Anna  Maria  Diffendall  and  Jacob  Eider,  estate  of  Samuel  Diffendall;  Michael 
Bushey _and  ChnstianBushey,  estate  of  John  Bushey;  Daniel  Swigart.  estate 
of  Jacob  Swigart,  of  Berwick  Township;  Barnet  and  Peter  Augenbau«rh,  of 
the  estate  of  John  Augenbaugh. 

Septembers.  [807,  is  advertised  for  sale,  by  James  Black,  a  valuable  plan- 
kton, 130  property  of  the  estate  of  James  Black  (deceased),  in 
FVankhn  Township,  adjoining  the  lands  of  Matthew  Black,  Joseph  Wilson 
Samuel  Russell  and  Peter  Comfort,  •then  the  well  known  stand  called  the 
,''""  •  ?'  ^'"tli-'r  sale  of  lands  of  about  four  acres  in  Franklin  Town- 
ship, adjoining  John  Kerbaugh,  Frederick  Booher  and  Peter  Morritz  On 
same  clay  Sheriff  Winrott  offers  for  sale  a  tract  in  Liberty  Township,  adjoin- 
Jokn  Bingham  and  John  Speers.  The  tract  belonged  to  Solomon  Kepnart. 
Alexander  Cobean  and  James  Dobbins,  executors  of  the  estate  of  John  Forster 
of  Franklin  I  own-hip.  gave  notice  to  debtors. 

K  itW'";"  •  William  EalI,'-v  of  Mountpleasant  Township,  died  November 
5,  1806.  aged  fifty-seven  years.  .  .  Mrs.  Abigail  King,  wife  of  Hugh  Kin-,  0f 
Tyrone,  d,ed  Saturday .April  18,  1807.. ..Mrs.  Isabel  Ewing,  wife  of  John 
Ewing.  died  April  15,  ISO,  .  . .  .April  17,  1807.  Alexander  McAllister  died,  in 
the  seven  yh,rd  year  of  his  age.... Henry  Weaver,  aged  seventy-six  years. 
died  in  Gettysburg,  September  I.  1807 ....  Thomas  Ewing,  aged  fortv-on 
years,  died  September  20  1807  Mrs.  Margaret  Agnew, "consort  of  John 
Agnew,  died  April  13,  1808;  was  buried  in  Lower  Marsh  Creek  grave-vard 
Died.  inHamiltonba...  October  8,  1807,  in  the  eighty-eighth  year  of  hie  sie' 
Henry  Rowan.  .  .  .  July  13,  1808,  John  Sweeny,  aged  "sixty -threV  years,  died  fn 


4  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

Gettysburg.       Rev.  A^ 

Judge  John  Joseph  Henry   tbe  ins    F^1^*  j  Brown  treasurer  of 

iu  Lancaster,  Apnl  15 ,1811,  age*  Mty-three  ^  ^ 

the  borough,  died  in  1810.  .  . . Hon-  J ion  g  ^  sickness,  died  on  his  farm 
of  commissioner  from  the ;mfirnut,«  o  \jA<L  *f™a  ^  and  un8Ullied 

in  Hamiltonban  June  6,  1814  aged  »fh£7™*'*Z°  widely  respected  for 
honors.  His  loss  was  deeply  deplored  and  b^™££J  23,  1814,  James  Edie 
his  many  good  qualh.es  o   head  and  ^....Nove^e        ^  ^ 

died  in  Gettysburg,  aged  fifty-six  years . . .   o  dm 

November  19,  1814.  s„naratelv  organized   Robert  Harper 

The  same  year  Adams  County  ™*  ^P"**  J.^f    He  died  in  1817,  and 
established  in  Gettysburg  his  newspaper    the  CenUneL  J±  ^  ^ 

his  son,  Robert  G.  Harper,  took  charge  of  ^- Pa?e  h  he  Sta|.  and  became 
proprietor  until  1867,  when  it   was  consol  dated  ^  ^   1828>  and 

what  is  now  The  Star  and  Sentinel.     The   Stm  was  K  had 

was  published  regularly  until  it  ^Tnv  f ^7  yeail  ably  and  successfully, 
been  conducted  by  Mr.  John  T.McIlhenny  tor  man^  p£  and  A.  D. 

and  upon  his  death  it  was  P^8^ ^•t£  fi^  being  Harper,  McPher- 
^ar°SXtff iSS^S  interests  passed  tth 
son  &  Uueniei.       w"  T5llfiV,ler  &  Co.  are  proprietors.       ine  paper 

»S^2K&»££*£  W  »W  w..y  i. ... 

cause;  always  able  and  consistent ■  gl8   .       Jacob   LeFevre.     He 

The  Compiler  jas  started  September^ b    18 l        7    took  it  and  conducted 
continued  the  publisher  until  1839, when  h«  son  g  ^  ^ 

it  successfully  until  February  1843  "he^^W  £  rietor.  It  commenced  a 
stxcceeded  by  his  son.  H.  J.  j3*?"6'  ^e  P^edPa Ton-  felt  want  to  the  lone 
small  five-column  paper    and  its  com ing  ^ppbed  a  Ion  ^  ^ 

s^rrs^s,^^^^  — ^ —  for  ite 

~K  S*ar  an,  MM  and  ^  g***^  *£  ^SS^^ 

ing  advertisements,  are  a  credit  to  the  county  and  b  U9hem 

pH  duly  appreciate  the  enterprise  and  puM  c  sp  nt  o  P  ^  ^ 

1877.  it  was  removed  to  York  &pimgs,  ^.  Svrinqs  Comet. 

old  to  I.  W.  Pearson.  »d  he  .^».  ^LTJSS.™  in  1S«,  ^ 

was  a  grandson  of  the  founder  of  the  hist  paper     £  purchasing 

became  proprietor  of  the  News.  It  ^^f^f^^  The  press  and 
th"  HaLvl  Citizen,  the  ^^^^^J^^^^^JLg,  Md. 
office  of  the  Littlestown  paper  was  P^sed ^  ^Uake  ^  ^  ^ 

^V^^^^S^ «-  "  Era- A  E 

*B*JBfi£3  XwrsttS  Z$tffa  by  Miller  &  Smith.  It 
^O^:^:^  SiSS.  was  established  in  Abbottstown  as 


HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 


145 


early  as  1 833  and  published  until  1848  by  F.  W.  Koehler.  It  was  changed  to 
the  Wochenblatt,  and  nm  until  L850,  when  it  was  discontinued  Tho  same 
publish..-  published  the  Yellow  Jacket,  a  Whig  campaign  paper,  in  L840 

JJecord  of  Easl  Berlin  is  a  new  paper  just   issued  upon  its   venture  in  the 
Held,  a  sprightly  and  promising  journal. 


CHAPTER  XXIII. 


^"i  JtE.^stin!*  H •KMS-KS-C'T1ZKNS   ™   tjETT™™«  BETWEEN  1817   AND   1829- 
TON J.   K.   LONG  WELL,   born  in  Gettysburg,   and  for  many  years  a 
JL.L     citizen  of  \\  estminster,  Md.,  some  years  ago  wrote  a  communication  to 
the  Star  and  Sentinal,  of  Gettysburg,  and  gave  the  names  from  memory  of 

those  who  were  citizens  here  between  the  years  1817  and  1829,  together  with 

a  long  list  of  happenings  that  he  remembered.      It  is,  we  are  told?  singularly 

accurate  m  all  its  statements.  and  we  regard  it  not  only  as  a  valuable  historic 

document    but  as  a  most  remarkable  evidence  of  a  strength  and  clearness  of 

memory  that  is  rarely  to  be  found.      He  thus  furnishes  a  nearly  complete  list 

of  those  who  were  here   in  the  years  indicated  above.      He  says,  "many  of 

them  died  or  moved  away  during  those  years,  and  others  grew  up  to  be  men 

or  removed  there  during  that  period." 

The  following  are  the  names  in  the  order  he  gave  them: 

Alexander  Cobean. 

William  8.  Cobean. 

Samuel  ('"bran. 

Alexander  Cobean,  Jr 

Andrew  Polley,  Sr.  and  Jr 

William  McPherson. 

( leorge  Smyser.  • 

George  Swope. 

Robert  Wilson. 

William  Lamb. 

William  McClean. 
Moses  McClean. 
Oliver  O.  McClean. 

David  M.  McPherson. 
Roben  A    McPherson. 
Christian  Culp, 
.lacob  Potzer. 
John  Stollsmith. 
Adam  Wertz. 
Alexander  Russell. 
Henry  Hoke. 
Dr.  c.   N.  Berluchy. 
Emanuel  Zeigler. 
Emanuel  Zeigler,  Jr. 
William  Meredith.  P.  M. 
James  Agnew. 
Henry  \\  ampler. 
John  Kerr. 
Samuel  Galloway. 
John  Brown. 
Rev.  John  Runkle. 
William  G.  McPherson. 
William  McClellan. 
Daniel  Comfort. 


Leonard  Dill. 
David  McElroy. 
Gen.  Jacob  Eyster. 
Peter  Fahnestock. 
Bphraim  Martin. 
Robert  Smith. 
Walter  A.  Smith. 
Ralph  Lashells. 
Zepheniah  Herbert. 
ThaddeUfi  Stevens. 
Robert  Hunter. 
William  Russell. 
Adam  Swope. 
Samuel  Hutchinson. 
Jacob  Zeigler. 
Bernhart  Gilbert. 
Michael  Kitzmiller. 
Dr.  John  Parshall. 
George  Wampler. 
Thomas  Kerr. 
David  McCreary. 
Thomas  J.  Cooper. 
Philip  Heagy. 
John  L.  Fuller. 
George  W.  McClellan. 
Sampson  S.  King 
John  Troxell. 
James  Duncan. 
Joshua  Ackerman. 
Levi  Fahnestock. 
Robert  .Martin. 

Isaac  R.  Smith. 
Samuel  H.  Buehler. 
John  Cline. 


Dr.  James  H.  Miller. 
James  Scanlan. 
John  Gilbert. 
Samuel  R.  Russell. 
Dr.  David  Horner. 
Robert  Hutchinson,  of  S. 
David  Zeigler. 
Dr.  David  Gilbert. 
Peter  Beitsel. 
Joseph  Whorfe. 
George  Kerr. 
John  Galloway. 
Washington  Chamberlain. 
Samuel  C.  Cooper. 
John  R.  McPherson. 
John  Hcrsh,  Sr. 
John  H.  McClellan. 
Robert  S.  King. 
J.  L.  Kendlehart. 
Peter  Sheets. 
David  Middlekauf. 
John  M.  Stevenson. 
Walter  Smith. 
Samuel  B.  Smith. 
George  E.  Buehler. 
Jacob  Winrott,  Sr. 
Dr.  Alexander  Speer. 
John  Garvin. 
William  Garvin. 
Gen.  John  Edie. 
Philip  Slentz. 
James  A.  Thompson. 
David  Heagy. 
George  Geyer,  Jr. 


146 


HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 


Dr.  John  Paxton 

S.  S.  McCreary. 

Michael  Brobst. 

George  Sweeny. 

Robert  Taylor. 

George  Shryock. 

John  F.  Macfarlane. 

Rev.  Charles  G.  McLean. 

Mathew  Dobbin. 

Samuel  S.  Forney. 

David  Eicker. 

David  Sweeny. 

David  Dunwoody. 

James  Gallagher. 

William  W.  Bell. 

David  Little. 

Henry  Little. 

Biddy  Addy. 

George  Armour. 

John  Murphy,  Jr. 

J.  Richter. 

John  Edie,  Jr. 

John  Slentz. 

Robert  Keech. 

Adam  Walter. 

Christian     Chritzman    (the 

old  fisherman). 
Michael  C.  Clarkson. 
William  Paxton. 
David  Edie. 
Andrew  G.  Miller. 
Dr.  John  Runkle. 
Jacob  Norbeck. 
William  McClean 


James  Dobbin. 
Henry  Wasinus. 
Hugh  Scott. 
Thomas  McKellip. 
John  Adair. 
George  Welsh. 
Jacob  LeFevre. 
John  Bingham. 
George  Little. 
Moses  Degroft. 
Peter  Stewart. 
Thomas  McCreary. 
William  Murphy. 
Rev.  John  Bear. 
John  R.  Edie. 
Ezekiel  Buckingham. 
Charles  A.  Ditterline. 
George  Geyer,  Sr. 
John  Agnew. 
John  Hennessy. 
John  McConaughy. 
Mathew  Longwell. 
Roger  Claxton. 
Rev.  John  Herbst. 
Henry  Degroft. 
James  Pierce.      _ 
Alexander  Dobbin. 
John  Houck. 
Robert  Hayes. 
John  Cress. 
Hugh  Dunwoody. 
Rev.  D.  McConaughy. 
H.  C.  Neinstedt. 
William  B.  Camp. 


Samuel  Little. 
Michael  Degroft. 
David  McCann. 
John  Murphy,  Sr. 
James  Gourley. 
James  Hall. 
Robert  G.  Harper. 
John  B.  Clark. 
Col.  Richard  Brown. 
James  A.  McCreary. 
George  Newman. 
William  Gillespie. 
Rev.  S.  S.  Schmucker. 

Samuel  Ramsey. 

Henry  Ferry. 

John  Hersh,  Jr. 

Michael  Gallagher. 

Fred  Summercamp. 

Gen.  Thomas  C.  Miller. 

James  Cooper. 

George  Arnold. 

H.  D.  Wattles. 

John  Jenkins. 

William  D.  Ramsey, 

Joel  R.  Danner. 

Thomas  C.  Reid. 

Garret  Van  Orsdel. 
William  H.  Miller. 
Michael  Newman. 
Moses  Jenkins. 
Jacob  Sanders. 
George  Gilbert. 
Samuel  Miller. 


liam  mc^ieau.  . 

The  letter  accompanying  this  ^^^it^S^S^i 
..Mv  recollections  of  Gettysburg  tan j*°**«  ££feBt  when  you  examine 
left  the  place    are  very  strong as  I  think™         ^^  ^  ^  ^  gQ  m 

2^tt^^  fl^S*  The  oQly  difficulty  waste  keep  up 
S^vaSJ  changes,  by  ^fsO^S^y,  Dobbin,  Eobert 
Many  of  these  -m-  run  down  to^ 18 00,  ^^  ^  ^  he  sayS  he 
Harper,  Samuel  Galloway  aIf  others.  «        rf  &  one.story  stone 

remembers  "The  erection  of  *\Jobean  X  I  ^  ^^  mad 

house  "    ..."  The  erection  of  the  McGonaugm  ™u         buiidin^  to  the  site  it 

now  occupies  on  Middle  Street.     It  wa >  a»e™     fcr  the  mm.der  of  Heagy,  and 
dith,  postmaster.'    .  .      ••  ^-^Xduction  of  water  into  the  town  through 
the  disagreeable  day.     . .  -  •     The  ij*™^ amlfacture  and  placing  of  the  town 
the  hill  in  Baltimore  Street.     .  .  .  . .      1 *>  mam  ^  _  ghali      of  the  guards, 

clock  in  the  court  house  by  George  Welsh     ...-X  comm°and  of  Gen.  T. 

Capt.  George  Zeigler   and  afterward  res ™^"der  commaad  of  Capt 
C.  Miller,  as  well  as  the  gg£**£ the  ^1  e  McClean  and  Eobert 

William  McCurdy."  . .  ■  •     Theol d  Acad ^'  Q  h ' ?in  the  languages,   and 

Hayes  in  the  English  branches .and  Di.  ^^^eological  seminary,  mainly 
the  time  when  it  was  ^^!^^Sbot.  ***  Herbst-"  "  -\  ^ 
through  the  exertions  of  that  "J*"™^  ™ Raveling  from  Chambersburg  to 


SISTOBY.   OF  ADAMS  COUNTV.  I  17 

omit  the  .•-<  jii.-strian  performance  of  my  old  friend,  George  McClellan  (which 
ooourred  after  1  left  Gettysburg),  in  earning  the  President's  message  from 
Baltimore  to  Gettysburg  in  four  hours." 

In  a  postscript  ho  adds:  •'!  remember  the  gubernatorial  contest  between 
Slmltz  and  Gregg.  Mr.  I  id  I  ua,  a  Met  liodist  and  therefore  could  not  bet,  but 
he  procured  a  $30  gold  watch,  which  he  offered  to  his  old  friend  R.  G.  H.,  if 
the  latter  would  give  him  a  cent  for  every  vote  Shultz  would  have  over  Gregg. 
H.  exhibited  the  cheap  watch  to  all  his  friends.     The  majority  being  27,000, 

Of   course  the  watch  was  very  dear  at  $270." 

Of  these  there  had  removed  toother  localities  Oliver  O.  McCloan,  of  Lewis- 
town,  Penn..  a  Presbyterian  minister  and  D.D. :  William  Russell  became  a 
banker  in  Lewistown,  Ponn. ;  David  MiddJekauf,  a  State  senator  From  1833  to 
1835,  on  his  farm  near  Shippensburg;  John  R.  Edie,  of  Somerset,  thirty  years 
ago  a  member  of  Congress  from  that  district  and  afterward  an  officer  in  the 
volunteer  and  regular  army;  Washington  Chamberlain  removed  to  New  Or- 
leans; H.  C.  Neinstedt.  a  printer  in  Philadelphia;  Jacob  Zeigler,  of  Butler, 
Penn.,  a  member  of  the  State  Assembly  and  a  number  of  times  clerk  of  that 
body;  John  B.  Clark,  register  from  1830  to  1835,  who  has  lived  in  Missouri 
for  many  years,  a  member  of  tho  State  Senate  during  the  Rebellion;  William 
H.  Miller,  a  leading  lawyer  in  Carlisle. 

In  the  list  of  the  dead  are  Alexander  Cobean,  who  had  been  a  member  of 
the  Legislature  in  1TU1I-1S00,  and  at  one  time  president  of  the  Gettysburg 
Bank;  William  S.  Cobean  was  sheriff  from  1830  to  1833,  after  being  county 
treasurer  from  1828  to  1830.  He  removed  to  Cumberland  County  to  servo  as 
cashier  of  a  bank,  and  was  the  Whig  candidate  of  that  county  for  treasurer; 
William  Mcpherson,  the  great-grandson  of  Robert  MePherson;  the  latter  was 
one  of  the  earliest  settlers  in  this  part  of  the  State,  where  lineal  descendants 
are  a  long  line  of  leading,  influential  citizens,  who  were  ever  first  in  war,  first 
in  peace  and  first  in  the  respect  and  confidence  of  their  fellow-citizens;  William 
MePherson  was  lieutenant  in  the  Revolutionary  war,  was  captured  at  the 
battle  of  Long  Island,  and  held  by  the  British  a  prisoner  of  war  622  days. 
Eighi  years  he  was  a  member  of  the  Assembly,  and  was  a  leading,  active  mem- 
ber in  securing  the  passage  of  the  bill  for  the  creation  of  Adams  County.  He 
was  one  of  the  first  board  of  directors  of  the  poor,  elected  in  1818. 

George  Smyser  was  one  of  the  associate  judges  of  the  county,  and  at  one 
time  was  president  of  the  bank.  Daniel  M.  Smyser  was  for  several  sessions  a 
member  of  the  State  Assembly;  the  Whig  candidate  for  Congress  in  York  and 
Adams  in  L857 :  was  elected  president  judge  of  the  Bucks  and  Montgomery  Dis- 
trict, and  in  1855  was  the  candidate  of  his  party  for  the  supreme  bench. 
William  Laub  was  county  treasurer  in  1S34.  William  McClean,  county  treas- 
urer from  1815  to  1817;  then  was  associate  judge;  afterward  held  a  clerkship  in 
the  auditor-general' s  office,  in  Harrisburg,  where  he  died.  Moses  McClean  was 
elected  to  Congress  in  L844,  and  died  in  Gettysburg  in  the  early  seventies;  in 
early  life  he  was  district  attorney.  Alexander  Russell  was  a  captain  in  tho 
Revolutionary  Army,  afterward  brigade  inspector;  was  county  commissioner  in 
ind  a  justice  of  the  peace  for  many  years  up  to  his  death.  Henry  Hoke 
was  coroner  in  1808  09,  and  afterward  a  justice  of  the  peace.  Dr.  David  Hor- 
ner was  coroner  from  1824  to  1827,  and  died  one  of  the  associate  judges;  he 
was  the  Whig  candidate  for  Congress  in  1844-.  Dr.  Berluchy  was  postmaster 
under  Polk,  1845-49.  Philip  Heagy,  sheriff  from  1827  to  1830.  John  L. 
Fuller  was  a  lawyer  and  died  in  the  full  practice.  John  B.  MePherson  was 
the  first  cashier  of  the  old  bank  of  Gettysburg,  and  served  in  this  capacity 
over  forty  years.      He  held  several  other  posts  of  trust  in  the  meantime,  among 


148  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

i     i  *,.~™  189^  tn  1827      "William  McClelland  was  pro- 

•ajViich  was  countv  treasurer  trom  iozo  to  lo&i.      w  mmm  i- 

ass *_  |»  ***,£*£  -&-sr^ 

t.SSEW  w2  wide^oW  for  many  ^M  »  the  court  crier;  perched 
™  S.  £h  Sr  »  U»  "Id  court  house,  hi.  .harpsn.ppmg  vote  loofaog  » 
.  ?„,„   hi.  ,,;„(„„  lingered  lon»  in  the  minds  of  all  who  ever  saw  him. 

"tow?Cc  n^L  ferprolhoo-ot,,7  of  the  county.     Gen.  Jacob  Eyster 
™8,„acth-rm,litia  officer,  serving  through  the  var.ou.  g,.de»    a  c.nd.date 

'S^oTh^ ;.^thtfJvmdw:r„ab,;j»r.iu,ti„o,  the  peace  and 

congressman  oiuis  way  m,  „s  „  leading  member  of  society; 

an  influenza   citizen.      ^^J^^hl  clerk  S[  the  courts  in  1836- 

r,f  thp  first  editors  and  proprietors  ot  the  1  o> h.  ±iei ata,  \viii<-ii  iqaa. 

number  JanuaT  7,  1789,  and  was  changed  to  the  Becorder  January  29,  1800, 

C.  Claikson  maim  id*  <"-  w    p     ,        remoVed  to  Franklin  County, 

copal  Bishop  of  Nebraska.     WiUram  ^  P^on  remov  ^ 

where  he  became  an  associate  judge      Jonn  Mcoonau  u  r 

tice  of  his  profession  Jewas^  *^J^\^5*S^ 
r^W^^SZ^SSBatoOhio  andgwas  twice  elected  to  Con- 
m  is?q  nT£  1S43      Andrew  G    Miller  was  prosecuting  attorney  one  term; 

^pP^y  Sside^  Buren  judge  Uffi  of  Wisconsin 
and  afterward,  by  President  Polk,  was  made  a  ^™Jj^™ ^  bom 
State.  George  Zeigler  was  register  from  1824  to  1830  J^gj^J  Jthono. 
1832  to  1835:  Bernhart  Gilbert  was  sheriff  fiom  lb.l  to  i»^4 .ana  p 

a^h™  WUSS  SmT  Te^Srwrprothono^  and 
dS  of  the  courts  from  1824  to  1832;  be  w„  also  postmaster. 


#»i 


^7^1^^  j/^y^^ 


HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY.  i;,] 

Rev.  David  McOonaughy  became  president  of  Washington  (Penn.)  College- 
hedu,!,,.,,  ,n  L852      The  McConaugh,  family  are  j£re  fulJv  noticed^ 
ano  her  ,- ha ,,,,•.     Jacob  LePevre   was  register  in    1839.      II,   published  the 
Gettysburg   Compiler,   .lied    ,„   Cumberland   Countv.  his  home.      William  AY 
...     was  Postmaster   (or  twelve  years.     H,.  was  succeeded  in  thai  office,  in 
Ml.  by  Bezekiah  Van  Orsdel,  who  afterward  lived  in  Baltimore.     William 
E.  Oampwa* .drowned  m  Lake  Erie-the  boat  on  which  he  was  B  passenger 
wasdeetroyed      Roberl  Wilson  and  Thomas    UcCreary  were  each  Implied 
^  several  years  m  the  prothdnotary's  office.     John  Hersh  was  postmaster 
1825  29    he  removed  to  Ohio,  and  became  cashier  of  the  Bank  of  Gaines- 
lle.    where   he   died      Roberl    G.    Harper    published   the  Adams   Centinel 
through  a    ong  and  eventful  period;  he   was   at  one  time  county  treasurer 
tnen   United  States    assessor,   and    then    associate   judge.     Gen.   Thomas   C 
M,  ler  was  sheriff  from  L824  to  L827,  and  afterward  State  senator;  teTmoved 

whS     rani      tU    •'•  ;"hei'°  he  eDgag6d  m  husiness  as  an  iron  manufacturer, 
where  he  died.      James  Cooper  was  twee   elected  to  Congress;  he  was  several 
years  a  member  of  the  Assembly,  of  which  body  he  served  one  term  as  speaker 
atone  time  he  was  attorney-general  of  the  State,  then  a  United  States  senator 
and  died  a  brigadier-general  in  the  United  Slates  Army.     Michael   Newman 

P^cTT^^f  U;,""i,,1,1S"<-  U'lllirtra  Glll-I-  was  postmaster  II 
Pie,  ce  from  18o3  to  1857.  Rev.  Dr.  Schmucker,  after  retiring  from  the  pro- 
fessorship in  the  theological  seminary,  devoted  the  remainder  of  his  life  to 
literary  pursuits. 

cJ£QmlentZZa\%re^rr0{  ^  P°°r  in  1827-  He  was  bo™  »>  Adams 
County  then  part  of  York)  June  22,  1792.  and  died  in  Gettysburg  November 
--.  18,0  aged  eighty-seven  years  and  live  months.  His  wife  was  Anna  Maria 
.;.xell  daughter  o  John  Troxell.  She  was  born  in  Gettysburg  May  11 
1-94;  died  August  9.  I.S.Sl.  aged  eighty  years.  At  the  time  of  her  death 
she  was  the  oldesl  reside*  of  the  town.  Her  father.  John  Troxell  was 
bom  May  3.   1760    and  died  October  2,    1855,    aged  ninety-five  years      He 

m  the  towmP°TT,  T  Tf/^f68  GettyS'  aDdbuilt  0ae  of  the  fi^t  ^uses 
wife  VZ  \n  T  It  ,i  December  26,  1794,  by  James  Gettys  and  his 
Wt?  ■ ',  J.ohl»  Troxell  for  Lot  No.  77,  Chambers  Street  (Minnich  & 
Scott  property)  ,s  witnessed  by  Alexander  Irvine  and  Henry  Hoke,  and  ac- 
know  edged  before  Alexander  Russell.  Esq.,  is  the  evidence  of  his  purchase. 
SiH?  the  ?°^ty  remember  Mr-  Troxell   with  great  affection. 

He  was  noted  for  a  remarkable  memory,  and  his  love  of  going  back  in  his  old 
age  over  the  reminiscences  of  nearly  a   century   before      He  knew  well  the 
minutest  details  of  the  early  history  of  the  town,  and  was  fond  of  teHing  Lm 
On  one  occasion,  we  are  to  d,  he  gave  an  interesting  account  of  the  building 
of  two  log-houses  on  what  is  now  Baltimore  Street,  one  where  the  DuncaS 

ffiS7  T  VnndS'  S*  thG  °thf  3t  the  COmer  0f  Baltimore  and  Hgh 
Streets.  The  hill  was  then  covered  with  timber;  the  logs  were  cut  on  the 
grounds,  put  in  green  and  rough,  and  the  two  buildings  run  up  two  stories 

2SKT  ^  "  thT  Tere,n,Ci^  iQ  the  —^^ion  o/  the  two  the8 
capping  of  the  chimneys  was  to  be  the  test  of  completion.      Doors  were  tem- 

anTm th?        °  .  °r  blankets,  and  bed-spreads  were  used  for  partition" 

and  in  this  way  they  were  finished  and  the  families  moved  in. 


152 


HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 


"Map  of  live 

GETTYSBUROBMTLEFIKO^llOSIOl'AI.S 

\J.U  M.  M,  M.  »-'-»-'  /„/,,/<>■  "•"'  ,1-  :irJ  M63        . _- 

1L 

Wj/hwrnaikuijl 


HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY.  153 


CHAPTER   XXIV. 


Battle  of  Gettysburg— Lee's  Northward  Movement  in  1868— Rallying  the 
Forces— The  Battle— The   Result,  Lee's  Defeat— At  Meade's  Head- 

q\    VRTEKS      NUMERICAL     STKK\(  I  Til     OK    THE     T\VO     AltMIES—  REFECTS     Fol- 
lowing the  Battle— National  Cemetery. 

1~N  the  early  part  of  June,  1863,  Gen.  Lee  commenced  his  .northward  move- 
J-  ment  with  bis  entire  army.  The  lead  in  that  movement  was  Stuart's  Cav- 
alry, which  had  boon  sent  east  of  the  Blue  Ridge  to  guard  the  mountain 
passes.  By  the  15th  of  June  Ewell's  corps,  under  Jenkins,  had  reached  Chani- 
bersburg.  Remaining  here  two  days,  Jenkins  fell  back  to  Hagerstown.  As  soon 
as  Jenkins  had  reached  Chambersburg,  it  came  to  be  well  understood  all  over 
the  North  that  a  serious  invasion  of  Pennsylvania,  by  the  great  bulk  of  Lee's 
forces,  was  on  foot,  and  haste  was  made  by  the  people  of  Adams  County  to 
save  their  property  as  far  as  possible. 

Jenkins'  Cavalry  galloped  into  Gettysburg  the  afternoon  of  the  26th  of 
June.      They  took  possession  of  the  town  and  threw  out  their  pickets.      Early 
soon  arrived,  and  his  presence  and  words  quicklv  assured  the  people  that  they 
were  not  to  be  seriouslj  molested— that  they  were  in  no  personal  danger  of 
harm.      The  rebels  met,  as  they  came  in  from  different  streets,  at  the  triangle 
They  were  tired,  ragged,  dirty  and  hungry,  but  evidently  suffering  more  from 
long  marches  than   anything  else.      When  permitted  to  stack  arms,  or  put 
themselves  at  rest,  they   lay  down  on  the  sidewalks   and   in  the  streets  with 
then-  knapsacks  under  their  heads.     When  citizens  would  attempt  to  engage 
them  in  conversation,  they  were  invariably  silent.      Guards  were  posted  about 
the  public  buildings  and  some  of  the  stores,  and  a  few,  but  very  few,  private 
houses.      The  saloons  were  closed  without  exception.      Early  was  in  command 
of  trained  soldiers,  as  is  evidenced  by  the  observance  of  his   strict  orders  that 
the  soldier  was  to  molest  neither  person  nor  property  of  the  inhabitants.     And 
as  an  evidence  of  how  rigidly  orders  were  obeyed  by  these  poor  fellows   who 
had  to  go  on  guard  duty  about  different  places  and  premises,  some  of  the  wo- 
men wen-  excited  in  sympathy,  and  offered  them  something  to  eat,  or  water  to 
drink,  which  was  invariably  refused,  and,  if  asked  why,  would  curtly  reply 
I  must  obey  orders."      Early  called  the  borough  authorities  to  his  presence, 
Messrs.   D.  Kendlehart  and  A.  D.  Buehler  responding,  and  he  told  them  what 
V™™     °f  fche  boroughi  namely:  1,200  pounds  of  sugar,  600  pounds  of 
coffee   60  barrels  of  flour,  1,000  pounds  of  salt,  7,000  pounds  of  bacon,  10 
barrels  of  whisky.  10  barrels  of  onions,  1.000  pairs  of  shoes  and  500  hats,  or 
in  lieu  of  all  this.  $5,000  in  cash.      Kendlehart  and  Buehler  replied  that  it  was 
impossible  to  comply  with  the  demand;  that  the  goods  were  not   in  the  town 
or  could  not  be  found;  that  the  town  had  no  funds;  that  the  banks  had  shipped 
away  their  money  and  the  people  the  most  of   their  personal  property,  etc. 
etc.      No  serious  attempt  was  made  to  enforce  the  order  further.      Some  little 
effort  was  made  by  the  rebel  quartermaster  to  collect  provisions,  but  this  was  a 
complete  failure,  and  was  relinquished.      An  instance  related  to  us  by  a  lady 
was  a  sample  of  the  few  who  were  visited.      She  informed  us  that  a  squad  came 
to  her  house  and  told  her  their  mission,  apologizing  for  the  necessity  of  their 


154  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

*L  She  told  the  corporal  in  d^«W»  ^S^to 
house,  barely  enough  for  her  own  f amily for  a  **°™  scant  rtion,  and 
her  larder,  taken  most  of  her  stores  leaving  ordya very  JJJ  ^  take  ^ 
bid  them  away.     The  corporal  told  her _  his ihwb  something  for  the 

she  had,  but  to  divide  the  store  in  private *J«**g™g  her        plf  Gf  meat 
family       She  took  lum  to  the  fat  hen    and  £*^£.  ^^      d 
—about  two  pounds,      lne  omcei  looh-eu  a  vegetables 

marked  that  he  did  not  want  any  < ^^*^SS lining  and  joking 
were  all  gone  over  m  ^^/l^^^C^d  without  taking  a  thing 
over  her  starving  prospects,  and  the    J°nnnl£s  t  much  doubt  but  that 

And  if  any  of  those  visitors  ^e  stdl  a  "Mh^  Qcr  a  lace  wnere  the  people 
they  remember  their  first  visit  to  Gettysburg ^as  Deing  j  possessed  the 

lived  in  fine  house,  and  ^"^^£^,^^^1^  and  only 
leanest  larders  in  the  worl d  J^  °*™"  ™  .ched  upon  Hanover,  and  on  tc^ 
%££2^J££Z£E&  2?«  of  Stuart's  Cavalry,  which  had 

themseWes  to  drive  back  the  invade,  l^^f^^Telk  Men 
people  of  the  State  generally,  felt  the  hoi ^ness  ^  resisting  powers 

enrolled  as  soldiers  in  a  sudden  emergenc y  are  no t  ™^  ^  state 

against  a  great  army  of  trained,  ragged ^and  dn  *  "J^  .  ^  lpably 
was    already.so  depleted  of  men  who  could  be  spared     ^^  eck 

impossible  to  gather  a  sufficient  of  this  exigency ^  Gettysburg  and  at 

at  all  upon  the  foe.      However   meeting  we «   caU jdi  J         S  y 

^e^n^^ 

good  and  caused  some  delay  in  the  enemy  s  aK™|,  Infantry,  was  sent 

°     Saturday,  June  20,  Maj.  Haller,  o    the ,  Umted  States  _ nla      .  d  ^ 

here,  reaching  Gettysburg  on  the  day  above  named.     1  lie  pep  r 

the  court  house  where  he  addressed  them     ^fj^of  the^men  could 

Bell's  company  of  scouts  ^^^J^hJ^lnZmSel,es  and  go  to 
not  understand  Ma.  Haller  when  he  wanted  them  to  enrou  ^ 

Harrisburg.  They  well  knew  that  ^"J^JJ  £g  personal  attention, 
their  families  and  property  ^m^jJ^T^^i&,  numbering  735 
On  the  24th  a  regiment  of  ^^1™^SlfftoB  Pennsylvania 
men,  of  which  Company ^was  nearly  «^|  ^^8to  Gettysburg  The 
College,  had  been  started  from  Harrisburg^ and  Cartete  to  7        ^  ^ 

cars  on  which  they  were  coming  were  th.ownfiom  the  tiac  meQ  ^ 

from  town,  and  there  they  were  delayed.      ^*\*MhH*r9  JemlingB 

ordered  up  from  the  temporary  encampment  to  act  as  ^coute  ^  ^ 

and  his  command  had  reached  tins  place  on  Thursday,  ana  «  mentioned 

100  men  from  Philadelphia  had  also  reached  h«e      Ma^  Halta  .  ^  ^ 

above,  assumed  command.      Jennings  and  ^*  C°™     When  they  met  the 

Harrisburg.  ,,      afivance  o-uard  of  the  rebels.  200 


HISTOKV  OF  ADAMS  CUUNTY.  I55 

unobstructed.  This  advance  cavalry  was  soon  followed  by  Early's  division  of 
Ewel'seo^sof.OOU  „„■,,„,,,  HutC^.ttvs.^wasno^hooojecSpokS 
and  it  was  but  little  more  than  a  resting  pause  the  rebels  made  here  By  ten 
o  clock  the  next  daj  the  rear  of  their  armj  had  moved  out  and  were  pursuing 
their  way  toward  the  east,  As  the  last  rebel  tiled  out  of  town,  a  great  toad 
was  lifted  from  off  our  people,  and  they  for  a  moment  hoped  that  their  troubles 
were  all  over 

On  Sunday  the  2Sth,  Gen.  Copeland,  with  2,000  cavalry,  arrived  in 
Gettysburg  in  the  direction  from  Einmittsburg.  They  arrived  at  noon  of 
that  day;  and  then  the  people  rejoiced  and  felt  they  were  safe  under  any 
emergency    and  they  uncovered  their  hidden   stores;    then  with  a  good  will 

went  to  cooking  an,l  f ling   their   welcome  friends.      They  encamped  east  of 

.own.  and  the  next  morning  started  toward  Littlestown,  meeting  some  of  the 
enemy  s  scouts  a  1-  airfield,  and  had  a  slight  skirmish.  The  few  shots  here 
burgab!tt1emay         deslSaated  as  the  ft**   Z™    fired  in  the  great  Gettys- 

i  °D nf?.  S*j*  beCam*  ******  the  Army  of  Virginia  was  concentrating 
itself  on  the  Gettysburg  &  Baltimore  Turnpike,  south  of  this  place,  and  at 
this  time  the  federal  Army  was  rapidly  gathering  its  forces  at  the  town  of 
Gettysburg.  In  the  meantime  E well's  corps  and  Short's  cavalry  had  pushed 
on  through  Hanover  and  York  and  gone  as  far  as  Wrightsville/  At  this  last 
S6, Unenforce  had  retreated  across  the  Susquehanna  and  burned  the 
bridge  behind  them  fa .prevent  the  rebels  from  gaining  the  east  bank  of  the 

ZL  .  WllV"'  7'lthnt  Lee  br°ke  CamP  on  the  3d  of  Jun^and 

started  Ins  army  north,  and  this  main  force  concentrated  and  marshaled  in  bat- 
tle array  around  Gettysburg  on  the  29th  of  the  same  month.  He  had  been  to 
some  extent  delayed  on  account  of  not  receiving  such  information  from  Stuart 
Tint  C8T  7  "  \\exPect*d,  and  h°P^  ^r.  Stuart  had  encountered  the 
Union  cavalry  several  times  and  had  been  worsted,  and  was  thereby  compelled 

1^1  I"10111'-  ^  thl\'dt  timeS  Preve^  his  conveying  intelligencein 
apt  time  tc .his  commander  At  one  time  the  entire  Federal  Army  was  between 
Stuart  and  Lee.  June  28  was  the  critical  moment  in  the  history  of  our 
Government  1  he  contending  powers  had  put  forth  their  supreme  effort  had 
gathered  up  their  strength,  and  standing  face  to  face  began  to  strip  and  per 

mte  and  tt' n  7  T^'  "*  d6CisiTO  Btrn<«le-  Bid  ever  »«*  ***» 
move  and  act  under  such  supreme  responsibilities?  The  long  struggle,  the 
terrible  conflict  was  here  concentrated  and  must  be  decided  by  this  great  effort 
Officers  and  men  on  each  side  understood  all  this,  and  mind' and  muscle  were 
3 '  *°  th"  "  .m°st  *-«■■  Should  history  be  re-written-the  best  " 
far,  of  the  world  a  civilization  rolled  back?  And  equally  to  the  commanders 
>    these  two  great  armies  was  it  painfull,  evident  that  now  was  the  awful  mo 

oT  V,rr,?-  *he.hvm*  rrM  "'as  l00kin^  on'  and  °«  ™*>°m  generations 
of  a  hundred  centuries  woidd  turn  with  breathless  interest  to  the  history  their 

-"> BS  or  failure  would  here  make.  "iswry  tneir 

And  now  Gen.  Hooker  was  relieved  and  Gen.  George  C.  Meade  was  placed 
n  command  of  the  Union  Armj  Nothing  more  than  this  can  be  said  to  add 
luster  to  the  name  and  fame  of  Gen.  Meade,  than  simply  to  tell  what  he  did 
under  these  extraordinary  circumstances.  The  two  armies  were  facing  in  Par- 
a  lei  hues  ,u  more  or  less  ignorance  of  the  movements  and  intentions  of  each 
that  h    r     h  ;         ,  H°0ker  S°  aWy  keP*  his  va8t  responsibilities  in  hand 

that  Ten  Ar  I*™  H  °Vf,r  ?•  a  m°ment'  aQd  8°  Perfect  "'  f»™  «nd  *ape 
S.1   S      (  T  Vl!inU>  'i"ietost°P  ™*  think  a  moment,  could,  as  he 

did.  take  the  great  scheme  and  combinations  and  successfully  carry  them  to 


HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

a     •  i  Tf  tv,n  history  of  war  presents  any  parallel  to  this, 

completion  and  victory.     If  the  h  story  °  1^  rf  these  far      t 

SrS^SSi-  -rdsTtongue  „%  in  emblazoning  the  unreal 

nam4lt~2commana  on  *»«*££*£&  ^wm^pt 
left  wing,°under  Gen.  ^ynol^  upon  E^ nm >****£*  £*J  the  Ba!tim0re 
New  Windsor,  leavmg  Gen.  Fienchwthn,Ur  ^        Harper"  b   Ferry. 

&  Ohio  Railroad,  and  convey Jta  ?*«  was  at  Hanover,  where 
Buford's  cavalry  was  already  here  Ja  .       over  the  country 

^^iffiSy^  *  SSt  *  HDl  ha/passed  Cashtown, 

-^etrafSf^^c.ch  -- mornjg  B.  ^5^ 
Gettysburg  upon  a  reconnoisance  in .tot* vpass  ng  8  to  Qen.  Rey. 

road  He  communicated  promp fly  the  ^jnat  Bmmitteburg  near  to  Get- 
nolds,  and  that  officer  at  once  mai ched ^fiom  tow^a  The°right  wing  of 

tysburg,  and  encamped  on  the  *%W^££2£.  Hill's  and Longstreet' s 
our  army  in  the  meantime  was  moved  to  M^che,  chambersburg  road, 

forces  pressed  on  to  the  vicmity  °*  ™  ^ ee^o  ^  ^^ 

and  Pettigrew  pushed  on  and     ^°nnolte^  ;°™  otber.  The  vast  details  of 

nightfall  the  two  forces  stood  closely  fac ing  each  about  Gettys- 

the  coming  slaughter  were  com plete   andth e  *nUs  and 

would  ever  be  there  and  with  them  again.  ^  advancing  rebels 

Early  on  the  morning  of  July  1  the .battle     ^       skirmishing    commenced, 
encountered   Buford's     *Hn«»ntoa    omahj,    and    s*  g^  ^   ^ 

Bv  10  o'clock  the  artillery  commenced  to  play,  and  ao  Emmitts- 

nolds  came  dashing  ^^n^t^L^^s,   protected  by  Semi- 
burg  road  in  front  of  McMdlan  s ana  ^  orderingup  Gen.  Howard  s 
nary  Hill      He  at  one.  ^J^**9,^  succeeded  in  placing  his  men  in 
Eleventh  Corps      <^  feyi^dB  ^         Doubleday  then  assumed  command 
position,  when  he  was  s hot  dead,      ^en  ^  shuiz,g  and 
of  the  First  Corps.      ^^^V    J     The  attacks  of  the  rebels  were  vig- 
Barlow's  division  of  the  Eleventh  O^^^J  a  number  of  prison- 
orously  repulsed  now    anc  ^  adsworto  ^^^  reinforced  by  Rhodes 
ers,  including  Gen.  Archer      But  the  rebel                        ^^  ^  ^  q{ 
and  Early  coming  up  on  the  Heidelberg  road,                £ithdrew  to  wbat  is  now 
the  day.     Our  army  ^b  repulsed   and  Gen.  Howa                          ^        Qet_ 
the  National  Cemetery  Hill,  a  1-ge  poiton  oi  h               P                 h 
tysburg  to  reach  this  point      ^^X^gd  to  force  their  way  through 
encountered  the  rebels    and  our  men  attemp ted                      ^              ^  ^ 
Baltimore  and  Washington  S^^^J^.^  to  take  command  until  Gen. 
a  heavy  loss.      At  this  time  Gen.  Hanc^Wm                     ted  to     ost  troops  on 
Meade  could  reach  the  grounds.      \S  hen  Mancoc k  a         1                        came  and 
outright,  he  at  once  was  engaged  repelling  an  *^*,*Siom  with  the 
Putanend  to  the  day's  fighting      boon ^  after  J-kOg^   ^.^      Qur 

Twelfth  Corps,   and  Gen    S^jJ^^rxesults  we  largely  against  the 
troops  were  driven   and  the ^apparent  gen    ^  »*  ^  ^ 

St£5  i^tfiSSSSa^  "*-*■—  p°sition  of  Cemetel7  HJ1' 


HISTORY   OF  ADAMS  COUNTY.  157 

and,  considering  what  was  to  come,  this  was  a  great  if  not  a  permanent  ad- 
vantage. 

Gen.  Hancock  had  reported  the  very  favorable  position  our  army  occupied 

to  Gen.  Meade;  he  had  determined  bo  here  give  (1 aemy  battle.     Loner  be 

fore  daylight  the  next  morning  he  arrived.  He  had  ordered  everything  to 
concentrate  as  quickly  as  possible  at  Gettysburg.  He  had  broken  aphis  head- 
quarters at  raneytownat  ten  o'clock  in  the  evening  and  arrived  here  at  one 
o  clock  A.  M.  All  night  long  the  silence  was  only  disturbed  by  the  heavy  tramp 
of  armed  men.  the  rattle  of  the  artillery  wheels,  all  hurrying  to  their  appointed 
places.  Batteries  were  planted  and  breastworks  hastily  thrown  up  The 
Second  and  Fifth  Corps  and  the  remainder  of  the  Third  reached  the  orounds 
a  little  after  sunrise.  Sedgwick  with  the  Sixth  Corps  only  arrived  after  one 
oclock  in  the  day.  His  command  had  marched  thirty-four  miles  since  nine 
o  clock  of  the  evening  before. 

The  2d  of  July  dawned,  and  the  two  armies  were  posted,  our  men  on  Ceme- 
tery Hill  and  extending  southward,  the  enemy  occupying  the  lower  and 
longer  ranges  of  hills  in  their  front,  overlapping  our  forces  on  either  wing: 
The  two  lines  were  a  mile  to  a  mile  and  a  half  apart.  At  3:30  in  the  afternoon 
a  signal  gun  from  the  hostile  batteries  announced  the  renewal  of  the  savage 
work  Every  cannon  of  the  rebels  along  their  extended  line  opened  instantly 
a  galling  fire,  and  on  our  left  the  enemy's  infantry  advanced.  This  advance 
infantry  movement  extended  to  our  left  center.  Gen.  Sickles  moved  forward 
to  gain  a  commanding  position,  and  this  drew  upon  him  a  furious  fire  from 
the  enemy  s  guns,  and  an  assault  from  Longstreet's  and  Hill's  advance 
columns.  Sickles  was  driven  back  and  he  fell  wounded.  The  Fifth  and  Sixth 
Corps,  with  portions  of  the  First  and  Second  were  promptly  thrown  to  the 
support  of  the  Thud,  and  here  the  fighting  on  both  sides  was  stubborn  and 
often  furious.  By  sundown  the  enemy  was  repulsed  and  was  compelled  to  fall 
back.  At  the  close  of  the  day  Gen.  Crawford's  Fifth  Corps  made  its  advance 
between  Round  Top  and  Little  Round  Top.  He  had  also  two  brigades  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Reserves,  of  which  one  company  was  from  Adams  County  and 
the  immediate  vicinity  of  Gettysburg  mostly.  At  eight  o'  clock  in  the  evening  a 
desperate  attempt  was  made  to  storm  the  position  of  the  Eleventh  Corpg8on 

Cemetery  Hill.      Here  a  terrible  hand  to  hand  conflict  ensued,  but  the  assailants 
were  finally  repulsed. 

In  the  meantime  Ewell,  on  our  extreme  right,  had  succeeded  in  gaining  a 
foothold  within  our  lines  near  Spangler's  Spring.  On  our  left,  our  lines  had 
been  driven  back  to  Little  Round  Top,  and  when  the  dav's  conflict  ended  they 
were  occupying  this  position.  This  was  something  like  the  forced  movement 
of  the  Union  forces  of  the  day  before.  They  had  simply  been  driven  into 
the  most  advantageous  positions,  and  this  again  was  a  compensation  that  had 
immense  results  to  follow  in  the  end. 

The  third  and  last  day  of  the  battle  opened  early  in  the  morning  by  Gen 
Geary  returning  to  our  right  to  occupy  his  old  position  and  strengthen  the 
lhird  Corps.  A  sharp  action  took  place,  and  he  drove  the  enemy  from  the 
ground  they  had  gained.  All  morning  there  was  fighting  at  this  point;  at 
eleven  o  clock  firing  ceased  and  all  became  still,  and  so  remained  until  half- 
past  one  o  clock.  Then  every  rebel  gun  simultaneously  opened  fire;  over  150 
guns  of  the  rebels  alone  were  worked  to  their  utmost  capacity,  and  the  answer- 
ing guns  from  the  Union  line  completed  the  horrid  din  and  roar  that  has  never 
before  or  since  been  equaled.  Two-thirds  of  the  rebel  guns  were  aimed  upon 
Cemetery  Hill.  For  two  hours  this  destructive  cannonading  went  on  the 
enemy  in  the  meantime  rallying  his  forces  and  preparing  the  way  for  a  irreat 
and  decisive  charge  of  his  infantry. 


HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

plain  and  quickly  form  m  line  of  battle,      ^ey  Fourteen  thousand 

Quickly,  at  the  low  command  that an    along the  &  ^  g 

men!     Without  a  cheer,  without  a  word,  ^am  y  .     t  thi        int  wnat  an 

with  lock-step  into  the  wide  gaping  jaw s  o    death      Just  at         ^^  ^ 
impressive,  what  a  magmfacent  sight,     it  coma  u  movill„.      They  were 

Sationof  their  most  hated I  enemy ^upon *J^/^  ™  ^t&d  vetians- 
nearly  all  Virginians,  picked  men  from  a ^J  ^  terrible  soldiers  to  the 
they  were  literally  the  Old  Guard  ^J^Ou****^  fate  of  his  cause  hung 
tipsyof  their  toes  and  fingers,  every  one  feeling  that  the  ^  ^^ 

upon  the  weak and ^uncertain  thread  o  h.hfe      ^^   P^        ^      0 
tread  they  well  understood  is  an  aw ™  th    magmnCent  spectacle 

lines  are  still  and  quiet,  stopped  "PF"**^/  tU  to°obstruct  the  view, 
in  front  of  them  in  the  open  plain  J^e  ^  J  ™id  fece  of  iron  machinery, 
Steady,  with  perfect  alignment,  they.7fI^th0kfe^C0SPthey  suddenly  whirl  to 
proceeding  directly  until  they  pass  inf. ^  J ZmmA  This  movement 
[he  left  and  turn  their  faces  directly  at  liancock  s  ^^  ^ 

draws  the  fire  from  McGilvey  s  forces,  ^  th°  rank,     Pickett  ordered 

a  cloud-burst  of  fire  and  sho  into  ^^J,^2SL  mass  of  men  are  mowed 
another  wheel  to  the  right  oblique  and ^^^  °ms  in  a  gaUing  fire;  the 
like  grass  before  the  reaper.      The  Umon ■  »»™^|  h  and  literal  swaths; 

rebels  stagger  a  moment,  fal tog  ingr £jg™  lawful  shower  of  lead 
they  rally  and  double-quick  upon  our  lin^  ™r g>  d  to  the  lines  of  the 
and  iron"  They  throw  ^^^"^f iSgs  them  under  the  cross- 
Sixty-ninth  and  Seventy-first  Eegiments.      lms  d      0  Pickett's 

fire 'of  Stanard's  brigade  ,  ""PW  -^ ^  *£  They  pierce  the 
££.  SKf fiS  S  of fbb!  an/the  federals  fall  back  upon 

tity  of  commands  gone,  and  men  strugg rag *™  fa=™^  hb      when 

l/hand.  they  fought  with  P^J^SJar  clubs-the  death- 
they  could  place  their  hands  on  ™thmg  e se   w  objeotive  poin  , 

struggling  of  a  mob  The  ^P™1^  that  mustrates  weU  the  fight- 
and  a  specimen  of  the  way  men  fought  a*d  ^"^  The  rebel  Armistead 

ing  of  the  two  lines,  Rebel  and  Union,  as  here f^  ^  followed  by 

on  foot,  his  hat  waving  on  the  P^^J^J  Ss  COveted  battery  in  the 
150  men  who  will  follow  him  anywhere,  toward ^  g_      TheQ 

clump  of  trees.  He  passes  the  ^^^^^^^1^1  longer 
Gushing,  mortally  wounded  in  both  thighs   runs  his  ^  ^  ^  ^ 

work,  down  to  the  fence  and  shou  ^  back-  ""J^^  beside  his  piece^ 
shot."  He  fires  the  gun,  calls  out  ^^^Ve  cold  steel,  boys! ''  and 
Armistead  answers  this  challenge:  five  ttom  £  Armistead  falls  by  the 
lays  his  hand  upon  Gushing  s  gun;  but  a -that  momen         ^  ^ 

side  of  Clashing,  pierced  with  balls.      Side  by  si,  ^  invinclble 

lay  the  brave  and  intrepid  Gushing  and  the  SaUa™'  ^^  forces;  one 
Armistead-magnificent  types  they  were  of  the  two  cont  ^  ^  ^ 

could  not  be  driven,  the  other  could  not  be  stopped.  ^  ^ 

them,  nothing  could  conquer  either      Steckeu  mth  Ue  y  tQ  ^ 


ZOje^^^A/ljc/2^n^. 


BISTORT  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY.  |f;| 

tented  smiles  upon  their  faces.  They  lie  buried  side  by  side,  sweetly  sleemnc 
the  eternal  dreamless  sleep.  Let  one  monument  mik  the  spot  and  I 
bravo  l  us,,,,,,,  s  s,de  ol  the  stone,  cnt  in  bold  relief  a  sleeping  lion  and  on 
A^tead  b  side  a  sleeping  tiger.  This  should  be  the  historic  monumental 
stone  of  all  the  ate  war.  Here  was  the  heart  of  the  great  battle  of  Gettef 
burg,  the  exact  turning  poinl  of  the  war  itself.  Here  was  the  extrem  ,  , ,, ,  t 
reached  by  t  he  great  wave  of  rebel  invasion.     Here  it  stopped,  stunned   sZ 

tS^S^SXSSf'  ",:ii' ' aad  ",m  -d  iilated- ~ 

And  the  decisive  and  great  battle  of  the  war  is  over.     There  was  but  a 
small  remnant  of  Pickett's  men  when  repulsed,  returned  to  their  line? bear  n^ 


Lee,  anas  was  rumedby  Pickett's  charge  from  further  offensive  war-  he 
i  in  the  enemy  s  country  where  he  had  marched  to  make  off ensive  war  Tt 
was  now  demonstrated  that  he  could  not  rout  the  enemy  from  h  trochoid 
These  were  the  thoughts  that  were  sureine  though  his  mind  »L T?g» 
turned  defeat,!.  f^^^^^S^S^^SSS^Z 
He  knew  how  he  had  crippled  and  hurt  the  enemy,  but  he  sadly  realized  how 
;  early  this  had  cost  lum  What  must  he  do?  Not  retreat  in  wM  infusion 
and  umte  the  enemy  m  hot  pursuit  to  destroy  in  detail  his  army       This  £ 

fcegreat  morale,  the  great  victory  of  the  Union  at  the  bloody  battle  of  Ge™ 

here  in  num.,,,  saying  Illlthing  of  the  J^  and^el  ence^ TL  meT 
were  simply  frightM,  and  as  they  charged  across  the  open  field  without  S 
a  gun  they  could  inflict  but  Httle  damage  upon  the  Union  f, »IZ  Tl V  ? 
be.ngwell  understood,  what  does  the  SB.  S  Josses, ^the  grand  - .££ ol 
the  two  armies  show?     There  is  nothing  HI™,  if  ;n  +V    u-  i  aggregate  or 

great  and  deciding  battle,      The  £^  ^  i"S^^^,^2i" 
actly  the  same.     Or.  as  given  from  the  best  attainable  official  document the' 
total  Union  loss  was  23,186   men;  the  total  rebel  loss  23,000  to  ISoOOrj      f„ 
the  per  cent  of  men  lost,  it  was  twenty-seven  per  cent  of  the  F„^l      a 
and  thirty-six  percent  of  the  Confederate.  P  FedeFal  ^^ 

at  meade's  headquarters. 
di  1  Lnnf  I0116  ka7+the  battlf  Tas  over  wheQ  Pick^  was  driven  back      Meade 
tSLS^jiS  m°ment  ^  ^^  W°Uld  ^  renewed  or  what  poSS 

War,  and  under  oal  ,mttleof  Qptt  •      scares  the 


9A 


162  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

^Gen.  Meade  testifies  that  on  the  4thof  Jul, '^^^Z^T^- 

i^^«^^^^^^^,jSSSi£Sh.     Hisbestin- 
other  attack  upon  him.    Ate  nb  e  r  a  n «         1  A   that  iB   more  men 

formation  was  ^  enemy  had  a  superior  force  on  tneg  ,  .q  ^ 

than  he  had,  and  he  could  not  ■^J^JXS'gi   Butterfield' s  oath 
general  battle  already  fought     He  ut teriy  era  ^ 

about  his  giving  orders  aftei  the  secom^    to°follow  Up  Pickett's  repulse  by 
Gen.  Pl-«o^ontestihes  he  urged  M  ^  ™hought  the  rebel    army 
taking  the  offensive   »nd  ^f^J^  ^bes  the  face  of  the  earth  south 

wholly  demoralized  and  really  f^f^J^  and  demoralized  fugitives. 

of  Gettysburg  swarming  with  Lee  s  strag *ieis        llIncludi       all  arm8  of  the 
In  answer r  to  a  direct question Meade  8^m         toutf5>000.     *    *    As 

service,  my  strength  was  a  little  unto  1UO  ^       m  supenor 

far  as  I  could  ^S^^^^^Je^g  rabble ;  they  moved  slow^ 

hT^^S^t^S^o^  folly  to  attack  the  enemy 

in  the  position  taken,"  etc.,  etc.  statements:    "I  did  not  attend 

Gen.  Sickles  testified,  among  man, ^othe J*™^  were  several  councils; 
any  council  held  (at  *°^£^  ^Shei  Thursday  night,  and  I  un- 
there  was  a  council  Thuisday  m0™nS'  TlinrRdav  to  retreat.  *  *  I  understood 
derstood  there  were  those  who  voted o Thurs da     ^  &n&  that  there  was 

there  was  a  council  Friday  night  the  night  atter  tne  ^  ^  reliable 

a  pretty  strong  disposition  then  to  ^^^^J^L  was  on  account  of 
authority,  the  reason  why  the  e^w^ulVouSve8  retreat  or  follow  up 
differences  of  opinion  whether  or ^no  we  d"£*£™     Answer:     «Yes,  sir.   It 

*^nJ^*£t^^k~  — ders' orof  the 

general  in  command,  whether  we  had  won  ^  not  entered  the  fight 

anti-slavery  man  or  an  ^;.^?,lell^Xdav  was^emoved  from  his  command, 
army  as  at  present  constituted.        V°nUetey  q  Ws 

and  left  the  army  on  July    <■     «  tes"neu      .    .  could  have  there 

should  have  been  attacked  a    \  ^liamsport  and  that  our  ^  gtream. 

crushed  his  and  captured  at  before  ^d  ™™^ ?%„  ition  mainly  did 
Gen.  A.  P.  Howe,  among  other  *^S^dTHBto  I  was  under  the 
the  work  for  us.  The  enemy  worked  at  ^^gJJJJ  Lee  made  a  great 
impression  at  the  time,  and  ^^^/^d^^the  place  very  much 
mistake  there,  for  ^  e-dently  thoxight  he  could  car^    ^  ? 

easier  than  the  result  P™^  w/oTLht  inlt  if  I  mav  so  express  myself, 
sidered  that  our  army  had  P^^Jw^dtel  number  of  disabled  men, 
Our  army  was  not  badly  cut  up;  we  had  had  quit e  a  where  there  was 

to  be  Bare,  but  it  was  an  order!? ^fight.     Me  were  map  ^  ^  ^ 

no  straggling  and  de morahzafaon    w ,  had  some  p       y^  ^  ^ 
cannonading,  but  it  was  the  most  oidei ly  ^  not  muchof  a  battle;  it 

^n^^^^  it     -ere  was  no  great 


HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY.  !(;;-{ 

generalship  displayed;  there  was  no  maneuvering,  no  combinations."  Among 
other  things  he  said,  after  Pickett's  charge  he  believed  our  whole  armv  should 
have  attacked  Lee's  army;  that  the]  were,  in  his  opinion,  aboul  oul  of  ammn 

ration,  etc,  eto.      Besaid  he  believed  our  army  could  have  thrown  I \  into 

otter  rout  and  killed  and  captured  it  in  detail. 

Gen  David  B.  Birney  sworn.  In  reference  to  councils  at  .Meade's  head 
quarters,  and  referring  to  a  council  of  Saturday  oighl  after  the  battle  he  said' 
"  In  tins  council  it  was  suggested  that  the  enemj  were  making  a  Bank  move 
niont,  and  would  probablj  fry  to  interpose  between  us  and  Washington  At 
this  council,  Saturdaj  night,  it  was  derided  to  remain  twenty-four  hours  longer 
in  our  position,  and  that  Gen.  Sedgwick,  who  had  come  up  with  fresh  troops 
whose  troops  had  not  been  in  the  fight,  should  be  sent  with  his  corps  to  find 
out  as  to  the  enemy's  right,  and  as  to  their  position  on  our  extreme  left  to 
see  whether  they  were  still  in  position.  I  was  also  ordered  to  send  out  a  re- 
connoisance  at  daylight  (Sunday)  to  ascertain  the  position  of  the  enemy.  I 
didso  early  Sunday  morning,  and  reported  that  theenemj  were  in  full  retreat  " 
In  answer  to  a  question,  he  said  of  the  Saturday  night  council-  "There 
were  several,  I  think,  voted  on  Saturday  night  for  retiring  to  another  posi 
tlon    ..        *  *  *  *         K  «as  a  matter  of  some  doubt  in  the 

council  on  Saturday   night  whether  we  should   remain  or  retire;   but   it  was 
finally  decided  to  remain  there  twenty  four  hours  longer  before  we  made  any 
retrograde  movement.      It  was  decided  not  to  make  any  aggressive  movement 
but  simply  to  await  developments." 

Gen  G  K  Warren  testified:  *  *  *  -  On  the  evening  of  the 
4th  of  July,  there  was  a  discussion  of  tho  question  whether  we  should  move 
right  after  the  enemy  through  the  mountains  or  move  toward  Frederick-  that 
question  was  not  decided,  for  the  reason  that  we  did  not  know  enough  about 
the  enemy,  and  to  have  gone  off  the  battle-field  before  the  enemy  d?d  would 
have  been  giving  up  the  victory  to  them.  And  then  if  the  enemy  had  gone  it 
was  a  question  which  way  to  go  after  him.  To  go  right  after  him  was  a  good 
way  in  one  respect;  but  then  we  had  to  get  all  our  provisions  from  Frederick  " 
In  another  place  he  said:  "We  commenced  the  pursuit  with  the  Sixth  Corps 
on  the  5th  of  July,  and  on  the  6th  a  large  portion  of  the  army  moved  toward 
Enumttsburg,  and  all  that  was  left  followed  the  next  day.  On  July  7  the 
headquarters  were  at  Frederick.  On  the  8th  of  July  headquarters  were  at 
Middleton.  and  nearly  all  the  army  was  concentrated  in  the  neighborhood  of 
that ;  place  and  South  -Mum, tain.  On  the  Oth  of  July  headquarters  were  at 
koutn  Mountain  H<  .use.  and  the  advance  of  the  army  at  Boonsboro  and  Rohrers- 
ville;  on  the  10th  of  July  the  headquarters,  Antietam  Creek,"  etc.,  etc 

It  should  have  properly  been  previously  stated  that  Meade's  testimony 
fully  showed  that  he  ordered  Sickles  to  form,  resting  his  right  on  Hancock's 
toft  and  perfecting  the  line  along  Cemetery  Ridge  to  Round  Top,  and  instead 
of  his  doing  this  he  took  a  position  from  a  half  to  three-quarters  of  a  mile  in 
advance  of  Hancock's  line,  and  this  forced  the  opening  of  the  second  day's 
nght  at  that  point. 

Gen.  Butterfield.  chief  of  staff,  testified  that  at  the  council  of  the  4th  of 
July,  Gen.  Meade  propounded  four  questions,  as  follows:  First.  "Shall  this 
army  remain  here  :• ' '  Second,  "  If  we  remain  here,  shall  we  assume  the  offen- 
sive.' .Third.  "Do  you  deem  it  expedient  to  move  toward  Williamsport 
through  Emmittsburgf "  Fourth.  ••Shall  we  pursue  the  enemy,  if  he  is  re- 
treating, on  the  direct  line  of  retreat  r"  Those  in  favor  of  remaining  in  Gettys- 
burg were  Birney,  Sedgwick,  Sykes.  Hays  and  Warren;  opposed:  Newton. 
Fleasonton  and  Slocum;  doubtful,  Howard. 


164  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

Gea.  Sedgwick  testified  among  other^ 2?^*^"^^.  t^^^ 
^*raSmtbCte  ^-S^M  Gen.  Sykes  was  or- 
against  the  enemy:       My  impiessicm,  >  enemy  were 

d^red  to  send  out  a  strong  reconnoitering  party  to  ascertain  it  ^^  ^ 

retreating,  or  if  he  could  force  them' to  retre at  the  troops 

ent  with  Gen.  Sykes  when  he  S^^^^J^J  which  checked  them, 
returned.      They  met  the  enemy  in  considerable  loroe,  w 

and  forced  their  return."  Q(W„nt  general  of  the  Army  of  the  Poto- 

Gen.  Seth  Williams    assistant  Jg«  baWle  g  *ecame  kaoWn 
maC,  when  asked  what  ^  ™^e  tha*!  ( day  ot  ^  ^ 

the  enemy  was  retreating,  replied  that  He      oio  im  Th    en         had 

at  all  during  that  day  f*^*^™^^^^^  the  attack.  I 
Ktt^iWari  ET-StSff  11  along  in  the  forenoon  that  we 
were  certain  he  had  abandoned  his  position. 

KOTICAL  strength  of  the  two  abmies.    _ 
When  the  Count  de  Paris  wrote  hi    ^  gj 11 ^«  ^e  had  had 
access  to  the  official  repo rts  of  Lee  and  ^eade  jn  „ 

partment.     Gen.    Doubleday,    in   his       ChanceUors^  ^  ^ 

Ldorses  the  Count  de  Paris    accoun    o    ^  Gfysbui     b  ^ 

stantially  throughout,  especiaUy  in  its ,  statafacs^     In  spe        g    P  ^^ 

the  Count  says:    "The  strength  of ^the  two  armies  *a    »  f  have  beeI1 

sions.  The  returns,  used  ^N^^2^  pTasure.  These  return. 
i^^\^^jf^^^^^>  total  number  of  officers  and 
were  under  three  heads:  The  fa°*  "P™8"™     t  or  nt;  the    second  repre- 

soldiers  inscribed  on  the  "^^^7^  who  were  in  the  field- 
sented  those  present  on  active  duty,  ^prism ai  contained 

hospitals  and  under  arrest,  or  detM*f  °V*"^  ^  first  head,  therefore, 
the  real  number  of  combatants  present  under  aims^     in  ^  ^  ^  ^ 

was  quite  fictitious;  the  second  menboned  the ^nml^  ot  ^  ^  ^ 

army,  including  ~mbata ^^^it  evidently  the  most  impor- 
brought  on  the  battle-field,      ine  latter  numue  J    j  ch  1Q  a 

tant  to  know,  but,  as  we  ^L^^S^^^'  ^  ofeary  times  it 
week  of  bad  weather  was  sufficient  to  Ml  the  hospi  a  ^      ^  ^ 

was  from  twelve  to  eighteen -l™"^]^^^^^  in  fact,  when 
not  always  represent  exaoH    the  pieoise  mi  ^  ^  ^  were  ^ 

after  a  long  march,  the  stiagglers  am  u  aveeaused  them  to  lose  a  por- 

a,  able-bodied  combatants.  .  armv  of  13,000 

He  then  estimates  from  this  source  a  ^^^J1^  right  to 

meD-      ?h6T  "2  a'nXr  bTttoTn\emaakedsthee  3££g  so  very  reasonable 
rTr^^rtncWe.      They   are ^thn  necessary  «— ££ 

Wngarmieln« 

fore  are  properly  a  part  ot  the  consmerdiii  estimates,  and  again  we 

be  returns  to  ^"gfZJf^&Z,  witlout  French's  division 

quote  his  words:         lne  Aimy  oi  l  ..        turns  on  the  30th  of 

l^e,   W7, 251  nien.  ^        *        *        si^  Panting  the  figures  that  have 


HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY.  165 

been  given  us.  which  wo  believe  I"  be  as  near  the  truth  as  possible.  *  *  * 
The  Aiiiiv  of  Northern  Virginia  (rebel),  on  May  31,  1863,  contained  an 
effective  lore,,  of  88,754  officers  and  soldiers  present,  74,468  of  whom  were 

under  alius. "     *     *     * 

We  have  transposed  the  words  of  t he  Count  solely  to  place  the  two  state 
ineiiis.  for  the  easier  understanding  of  the  reader,  side  by  side.  Of  each  of 
the  armies,  he  then  gives  the  following  details:  "  More  than  2  I.  ( HID"  [of  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac]  "were  on  detached  service,  and  nearly  28,000  in  the 
hospitals.  The  number  of  men  present  with  their  corps  was  1 12,988,  and  that 
of  men  under  anus.  99,475;  imt  this  last  figure  included  those  doing  duty  at 
headquarters,  who  formed  a  total  of  2,750  men  who  could  nut  be  counted 
among  the  combatants.  Stanard's  and  Lockwood's  brigades  having  brought 
Meade  a  reinforcement  of  about  5,000  men  "ii  the  1st  of  July,  the  effective 
forces  borne  on  the  returns  may  be  stated  as  follows: 

Troops  taking  no  part  in  battle 2,750 

Artillery 7000 

Cavalry 10,500 

Infantry 85,50(1 

Total 105,750 

And  352  pieces  of  artillery. 

' '  The  artillery  and  infantry,  which  were  alone  seriously  engaged,  even  at 
the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  form',  therefore,  a  total  of  about  91,000  men,  and  327 
pieces  of  cannon,  Meade  having  loft  twenty-five  heavy  guns  in  reserve  at 
inster.  But,  in  order  to  ascertain  the  real  number  of  combatants 
that  the  Union  General  could  bring  into  line,  it  is  proper  to  deduct  from 
3,000  to  4.000  left  as  additional  guards  near  the  supply  trains,  the  batteries 
remaining  at  Westminster,  and  for  all  men  detached  on  extra  duty,  and  from 
4,000  to  5,000  for  the  stragglers  entered  on  the  returns.  The  latter  were 
more  numerous  on  account  of  the  fact  that,  the  returns  having  only  been 
prepared  at  the  end  of  July,  those  who  joined  the  army  after  the  battle 
were  entered  as  being  present;  so  that  the  rolls  only  represent  the  number  of 
those  absent  without  leave  at  the  totally  insignificant  figure  of  3,292.  This 
deduction  makes  the  effective  forces  of  Meade  amount  to  from  82,000  to 
M. ni Ml  men. 

"Lee's  forces,  during  June,  were  increased  by  the  return  of  a  certain  num- 
ber of  sick,  and  those  who  had  been  wounded  at  Chancellorsville,  by  the  arri- 
val of  recruits,  the  result  of  the  conscription  law,  and  by  the  addition  of  four 
brigades — two  of  infantry  under  Pettigrew  and  Davis,  one  of  cavalry  under 
Jenkins,  and  one  of  mixed  troops  under  Imboden.  The  first  was  nearly 
4,000  strong,  that  of  Davis  consisting  of  four  regiments,  which  were  not  borne 
on  the  retiu-ns  of  May  31.  although  two  of  them  had  formerly  belonged  to 
the  enemy,  numbering  about  2, 200  men;  the  other  two  contained  each  about,  the 
same  effective  force.  The  increase  of  artillery  amounted  to  fifteen  batteries, 
comprising  sixty  two  pieces  of  cannon  and  about  800  men.  On  the  other 
hand  this  effective  force  was  diminished,  first,  by  the  absence  of  Cam's  brig- 
ade of  Pickett's  division,  and  one  regiment  of  Pettigrew* s  brigade  left  at  Han- 
over Junction,  and  three  regiments  of  Early's  division  left  at  "Winchester — say 
about  3,500  men;  then  by  the  loss  sustained  in  the  battles  of  Fleetwood.  Win' 
Chester  and  Aldie,  amounting  to  1,400  men;  finally,  by  the  admission  to  the 
hospitals  of  men  unable  to  bear  the  fatigue  of  the  long  marches  which  the 
army  had  to  make,  and  the  absence  of  those  who,  voluntarily  or  otherwise,  re- 
mained behind  during  these  marches.      It  is  difficult  to  reckon  precisely  the 


166  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

number  of  the  disabled,  of  ^^^^^^S^^^ 

during  the  month  of  June.      Private    n  formation  and  t  n  p  ^^  g 

figure!  lead  us  to  believe  t hat  it  was  ^^WboSbq  in  all.     We  can 

per  cent  of  the  effective  force  of  the  ar my     say  6^  ^  ^  oQe 

Lrefore  estimate  the  diminuti an  of  toe  army  at about^  ^  ^  ^.^ 

hand,  and  its  increase,  on ^  the  «***£>*&  the  difference  oi  1.700between 

and  some  artillery,  at  7,0UU.      we  »«"«  Q0        j  20Q  ,      the  return 

these  two  figures  must  be  less ened  a    leas    ^mYe^°coascrip/s ;  that,  con- 

of  the  sick  and  wounded  and  the  arrival  oi  a .»™r  °    ^^eid  of  Gettys- 

sequently.  the  Army  of  Northern ^Virginia  arrived  on  the  battle  ^ 

burg  with  about  5,000  "mb'toto  »^  than ^t  had  on  the  ^y  fa  ^ 

-that  is  to  say,  m  the  neighborhood  of  I W'™?^^  of  the  force  really 

gard  to  the  Federal  Army   in  order  to  find  out  the  amount  ^ 

fssembled  on  the  bat  le- field    we  will  deduct  the  numb  ^  ^  ^ 

which  was  increased  by  Jenkins    and  ^boden  *  £r      >  conclude  that, 

same   proportion *  mati  ng -. bout  1* 000  nien  ^   *  fo  000  to  69i000 

J— i^2£X  ,!:S  Senate ly  for  him,  he  was 
unable  to  turn  to  advantage.  „„.„„.,,  for  the  number 

-  The  losses  on  both  sides  were  ™*%lf£\™*°n°™Zthl  side  of  the 
of  combatants  engaged,  for  they  ^^"^rig^ Upon  this  point, 
Federals,  and  more  than  36  per  cent  "^dSlSt  2,834 killed,  13,709 
also,   the  official  reports  are  precise      The  Federa  .lost    ;  losfc  2>625 

wounded,  and  6,645  pnsoners-23  lbb  men  mall  .tneo  ^ 

killed,  12,599  wounded  and  .464  ™§^ J* ^f  U  up  their  total 
300  -n  fed  or  ^t\n  ^oT^l^Tisl  say,  precise!;  the  same 
losses  at  a  little  more  tnan  ao,  T,noap  fi„llrPS    however,   do  not  yet 

number  as  those  of  their  adversary s      ^hese  figures    ho  ^  ^^ 

nvey  a  correct  idea ^££^  ^XaTreports  acknowledge only 
other  in  these  bloody  battles.    Anus,  w  evidence  to  the  burial  of 

2,834  killed,  the  reports  made  by  the.  ho8P^e  ^ ^  the  Potomac  may  be 
3,575  U^on  -rpses;  ^number  of  *"*£%£*£  ^  ^  Qn 

estimated  at  about  4,UUU,  ^uvuoi  x'iv  *  prisoners-  but,  as  there  are 

the  other  hand,  Meade  has  ^**%^$$?^*M*  -en.  The 
7^62  wo^=2;StSr  of  men  missing,  must  th«j- 
number  of  /,-lo-4,  lecKoneu  uy  j-«=  ,  ost  0f  the  men  seriously 

fore  represent,  besides  these  able  ^-dpn  oners ^ * .^^^  on  the 

at  more  than  13,bUU      It  is  reasonaui«  *»         .       d        than  in  the  Union 

number  of  their  dead  increased  more  rapidly  tor  a  tew  aay 


Army. 

EFFECTS    FOLLOWING    THE    BATTLE 


EFFECTS    TOLliUnino    -l-q^    -u^- 

No  portion  of  the  Northern  States  suffered  equally .with  this  part  of  JW 
sylvania,  or  to  speak  more  clearly   ™\^*m*J£^'™J  any  other  county 

--^rl^^^  Hanoyer; "" 

on  the  one  hand,  and  to  Pleasonton's  on  the  other. 


HISTORY   OF   ADAMS   COUNTY.  L67 

tj  and  the  total  prostration  of  business,  with  no  compensating  advantages. 
Gettysburg  saw  its  business  of  various  kinds,  where  the  patient  labor  of  years 
ami  years  had  been  expended  and  prosperous  business  built  up,  literally  wiped 
out.  as  we  might  wipe  off  a  slate  with  a  wet  sponge.  Adams  was  a  border  coun- 
ty, and  in  addition  to  this,  it  was  the  open  gateway  Eor  invasion  of  the  State 
by  the  rebels.  It  lay  iu  the  natural  highway  of  a  foe  tempted  to  invade  this 
great  and  rich  commonwealth,  and  it  now  seems  like  a  strange  oversight  in  the 
Government  that  not  even  a  rendezvous,  a  soldier's  hospital  or  any  other  nu- 
cleus of  the  great  army  was  ever  established  here.  All  around  us  were  more 
or  less  of  these  in  all  the  other  counties,  but  nothing  was  here  where  it  was 
palpably  a  necessity.  A  proper  action  in  this  respect  would  have  saved  the 
North,  especially  the  State  and  the  people  of  the  county,  incalculable  losses 
and  sufferings.  Here  should  have  been  the  great  rendezvous  for  all  those  loose 
ends  of  our  great  armies;  the  LOO-day  men,  the  90-day  men,  the  convales- 
cing, the  new  recruits,  the  point  of  rendezvous  for  the  discharged,  and  all  the 
other  thousands  of  shreds  and  floating  and  passing  remnants  that,  if  kept  part- 
ly collected  here,  would  have  been  notice  to  the  enemy  that  no  lone  awkward 
squads  had  better  venture  near.  These  regular  and  natural  movements  of  our 
army  would  have  gone  a  long  way  toward  fortifying  this  great  and  inviting 
gateway  to  the  enemy.  It  might  have  prevented  all  invasion  of  the  North,  and 
certainly  it  would  have  checked  and  turned  away  those  daring  cavalry  raids  of 
Stuart  that  were  such  a  grievous  infliction  upon  the  people  of  the  county.  The 
enemy  would  see  the  gate  open  and  not  a  soul  on  guard.  The  inviting  fields 
and  the  splendid  horses  in  every  stable,  and  the  toothsome  viands  in  every  lar- 
der, were  a  sufficient  temptation  to  a  badly  mounted,  tired  and  hungry  troop- 
er, and  very  naturally  he  invited  himself  to  the  feast  prepared  for  him. 

For  three  years  during  the  live  years  of  bloody  contention,  Adams  County 
was  virtually  a  part  of  the  seat  of  war.  Actually  invaded  three  times,  and 
eventually  the  Waterloo  of  the  great  Southern  Army,  where  the  horrid  issues 
culminated  much  as  it  did  with  the  "Little  Corporal"  whose  destiny  was 
burned  up  in  the  flames  that  destroyed  Waterloo.  In  1862  Stuart  circled  our 
army  in  his  first  great  northern  raid,  and  his  entire  command  passed  up 
through  the  western  part  of  this  county.  They  made  easy  stages  for  them- 
selves  through  this  part  of  their  route.  Flying  squads  and  scattered  troopers, 
in  squads  of  half  a  dozen  to  100  or  200,  were  free  to  pry  into  every  nook  and 
cranny  of  the  county;  there  was  literally  nothing  to  obstruct  their  way  or  even 
compel  them  to  caution.  Now  here,  now  there,  they  apparently  were  at  every 
farm-house  for  their  regular  meals,  and  riding,  eating  and  swapping  horses 
was  their  jolly  pastime.  Except  the  great  scai-e  inflicted  upon  the  people  these 
bold  raiders  did  no  great  harm.  They  ate  many  a  farmer's  smoke-house  and 
cellar  literally  bare,  and  left  many  a  broken-down  scrub  horse  in  the  stall 
where  had  stood  the  farmer's  sleek  and  favored  family  pets;  yet  these  were 
trivial  affairs.  But  it  opened  the  people's  eyes  to  the  position  they  were  in;  it 
was  a  real  confirmation  of  the  disturbing  rumors  that  for  some  time  would  pass 
over  the  county,  telling  that  the  enemy  was  heading  this  way  with  bloody  in- 
tent upon  the  quiet  and  unarmed  people.  Just  as  these  rumors  had  begun  to 
lie  regarded  as  idle  and  foolish  talk,  and  sober  people  began  to  feel  that  there 
danger,  then  came  Stuart  and  his  cavalry,  and  showed  the  people  how 
helpless  and  wholly  unprotected  they  were.  The  partially  restored  confidence 
was  at  once  gone,  and  it  could  not  return  until  the  war  was  over  and  the  ene- 
my had  ceased  to  exist  as  an  organization. 

This  first  actual  invasion,  added  to  the  disturbing  rumors  that  for  a  year 
had  passed  around,  completely  prostrated  all  business  in  the  county.     The  com- 


168  HISTORY   OF  ADAMS   COUNTY. 

mencenient  of  open  hostilities  struck  a  blow  at  every  manufacturing  business 
in  the  county  that  had  then  just  commenced  to  grow  and  prosper  and  that 
promised  brightly  for  the  future,  because  it  cut  off  all  Southern  trade,  the  very 
markets  upon  which  our  people  in  some  respects  wholly  relied,  and  it  brought 
no  compensating  business  or  trade  from  any  other  direction.  Gettysburg  was 
just  then  rapidly  growing  in  importance,  especially  its  chair  and  carriage  fac- 
tories were  developing  into  great  industries.  There  were  probably  200  skilled 
workmen  here  at  the  commencement  of  the  war,  engaged  in  the  making  of 
carriages  and  buggies  alone.  Here  was  the  timber  in  boundless  quantities  and 
unsurpassed,  and  already  had  the  concerns  such  a  foothold  that  they  would 
have  kept  pace  with  the  demands  of  the  country  in  improved  machinery  and 
enlargement  of  their  works,  and  firmly  held  their  position  and  well  filled  the 
limitless  demands  that  have  been  supplied  ever  since  from  other  points.  So 
completely  were  all  these  factories  destroyed  that  now  there  is  not  even  the 
old  tumble-down  and  decaying  buildings  left  to  mark  the  spot  where  they 
stood.      Every  vestige  has  disappeared. 

The  great  invasion  of  Lee's  army  is  a  part  of  the  general  history  of  our 
country.  It  was  more  than  a  passage  through  the  country.  A  great  army  of 
the  enemy  came  a  settler,  temporarily,  within  the  borders  of  the  county.  Their 
coming  brought  a  greater  army  of  our  own  forces.  Before  either  army  got 
away,  the  devastation  all  over  the  county  was  complete.  The  enemy  had  re- 
spected private  property,  it  is  true,  to  a  degree,  perhaps,  never  before  known 
by  an  armed  force  in  the  enemy's  country.  But  soldiers,  either  friends  or  en- 
emies, will  forage  more  or  less,  and  when  they  are  hungry  (and  a  good  soldier 
is  always  ravenous  for  at  least  a  change  in  his  camp  diet)  will  devour  the  sub- 
stance of  the  country  where  they  may  happen  to  be;  when  not  fighting  they 
are  eating  and  wasting.  Their  march  is  destruction,  more  or  less,  in  any  ag- 
ricultural country. 

After  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  and  the  armies  had  passed  over  the  hills 
and  away,  they  left  the  bloody  debris  of  the  great  battle-field,  the  decaying 
bodies  of  unburied  men  and  dead  horses  and  a  country  swept  bare  of  nearly 
everything,  as  the  heritage  of  the  citizens.  And  this  and  the  maimed  and 
dying  on  the  hands  of  the  charity  of  a  people,  who  had  really  little  except 
their  labors  to  bestow  in  charity,  were  all  the  blessings  they  left  behind  them. 
The  crops  of  the  farmers  had  been  indiscriminately  destroyed;  fences  were 
completely  gone.  The  smoke-houses  were  empty  and  so  were  the  barns,  and 
those  who  did  not  lose  their  stock  were  left  with  nothing  to  feed  them,  and 
wealthy  farmers  had  to  sell  their  half-starved  horses  for  whatever  they  could 
get.  So  completely  were  the  farm  fences  destroyed  that,  we  are  told,  you 
could  start  at  Gettysburg  and  ride,  following  any  point  of  the  compass,  to  any 
part  of  the  county  unobstructed,  so  far  as  a  farm  fence  was  concerned.  These 
misfortunes  have  all  been  remedied,  and  such  losses  made  good  by  time  and 
labor.  The  work  of  rebuilding  was  pushed  with  characteristic  industry.  But 
when  we  referred  to  irreparable  losses  we  had  not  these  in  mind.  It  was  the 
total  destruction  of  organized  industries — these  were  all  driven  away,  and,  it 
seems,  they  are  never  to  return.  They  were  all  in  that  young  stage  of  devel- 
opment that  when  forced  to  flee  they  were  never  in  a  condition  to  care  to  re- 
turn. Thus  were  permanently  injured  the  prosperity  and  growing  wealth  of 
the  county. 

With  the  defeat  of  Lee's  grand  army  and  its  return  to  Virginia  there  was 
yet  not  an  end  to  the  baneful  influences  of  war  here.  The  country  was  again 
invaded,  when  they  burned  Chambersburg,  and  thus  new  terrors  were  added 
to  the  already  gloomy  apprehensions  of  our  people.      It  began  to  look  like 


U5JU£4svriy 


HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY.  171 

utter  annihilation  impended.  People  had  but  liltlo hear!  to  oven  make  a  strng 
gle  to  provide  tor  future  life.  Despair  took  the  place  in  the  perturbed  minds 
of  men  when  long  thej  had  hoped  against  hope.  Had  not  the  wheels  of  all 
industry  stopped  before,  certainly  they  would  stop  now;  and  be  assured  (hoy 
did.  The  bone  and  sinew  of  the  count]  were  away  in  the  ranks,  filling  the 
groat  rod  gaps  of  battle  upon  the  bloody  fields,  or  wasting  away  in  the  coun- 
try's hi  ispitals. 

To  all  this  was  the  groat  tax  upon  the  people  of  providing  and  caring  for 
tho  wounded  from  the  bloody  battle  field  of  Gettysburg,  and  then  in  burying 
the  doad  that  had  been  left  lying  where  they  fell.  Rebel  and  Union  lay  rotting 
in  the  hot  sun  side  by  side.  People  threw  open  their  private  houses;  the 
churches,  the  schoolhouses.  the  public  halls,  and  even  the  barns  and  stables, 
rang  with  the  groans  and  agony  of  the  shot,  maimed  and  mutilated,  that  filled 
apparently  every  place,  and  still  the  field  of  death  and  agony  could  yet  fur- 
nish more  victims.  The  churches  looked  much  as  though  they  had  been  con- 
verted into  butchers'  stalls.  The  entire  community  became  hospital  nurses, 
cooks,  waiters  or  grave-diggers.  In  this"  wide  expanse  of  Christian  charity, 
rebel  and  Union  sufferers  were  cared  for  without  material  distinction.  The 
Government  ambulances  commenced  to  carry  away  from  the  field  their  bleed- 
ing cargoes:  soon  every  wheeled  vehicle  was  at  work  bearing  its  loads  of  bleed- 
ing agony,  filled  with  its  pale  sufferers  garnered  from  the  field  where  the  can- 
non, the  musket,  the  rifle  and  the  saber  had  mowed  thoir  hideous  swaths  in 
living  human  ranks.  Would  those  whirling  wheels,  in  their  quick  trips  back 
and  forth  as  they  dumped  their  loads  of  sufferers,  never  stop?  What  a  swollen, 
great  rushing  river  of  agony!  Literally  half  the  surface  of  the  entire  county 
was  a  hospital,  and  every  farm-house,  barn,  stable,  outbuilding,  for  twenty 
miles  square,  was  full  to  overflowing.  The  beds,  the  floors,  the  yards,  every- 
where, were  they  cared  for,  and  behind  them  in  the  lines  of  battle,  in  the  brush, 
by  the  side  of  the  little  spring  streams  where  they  had  so  painfully  dragged 
themselves  or  sometimes  been  carried  by  their  companions,  were  the  uncollect- 
ed dead  and  dying  mostly.  What  a  ghastly  harvest  to  gather  from  the  fair 
and  peaceful  fields  of  Adams  County.  And  when  the  poor  bruised  and  maimed 
bodies  were  gathered  in  this  widely  extended  hospital  and  laid  side  by  side, 
what  never-to-be-forgotton  scenes  were  there.  The  pale  sufferers,  the  flushed, 
feverish  and  raving  maniacs,  whose  reason  had  given  way  as  they  lay  upon  the 
field  suffering,  and  watching  the  stars,  and  welcoming  the  storm  and  rain,  that 
came  like  pitying  tears  from  heaven  to  soften  their  hardening,  blood-clotted 
clothes,  to  moisten  their  horrid  wounds  and  cool  the  raging  fevers  of  their 
brows — Union  and  rebels,  sons  and  fathers  and  brothers.  Here  the  smooth- 
cheeked  boy,  the  darling,  the  pet  and  hope  of  home;  there  the  lusty  man,  yes- 
terday in  the  prime  of  life  and  strength,  in  the  midst  of  his  suffering  and  pain 
turning  to  the  grizzled-haired  husband  and  father  lying  by  his  side,  and  who 
wanderingly  talks  of  home,  and  addresses  by  name  tho  different  ones  of  his 
family,  to  feebly  minister  with  his  one  yet  sound  hand  to  this  pitiful  sufferer, 
and  in  this  charity'  for  a  moment  forces  himself  to  forget  his  own,  still  perhaps 
incurable,  wounds. 

These  blue  and  gray,  now  so  quiet,  so  friendly,  so  full  of  compassion  for 
each  other;  and  but  a  few  hours  ago,  how  they  fought,  how  viciously  they 
struggled  to  kill  each  other.  They  fought  like  well-armed  bull  dogs,  like  furi- 
ous fiends.  The  strange  and  varied  wounds  met  with  so  frequently  are  the 
bloody  attestation  to  this.  Possibly  the  surgeons,  who  bound  up  these  wounds, 
alone  can  some  day  tell  the  world  how  savagely  men  fought  upon  the  bloody 
field  of  Gettysburg.      Certainly  no  one  else  can.      There  were  hero  many  such 


172  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

wounds,  as  we  are  told  by  the  surgeons  who  examined  them,  as  were  never  be- 
fore known  to  come  from  a  battle-field.  This  incident  is  related  to  us  by  a 
surgeon:*  On  the  third  and  last  day  of  the  battle,  not  a  great  while  after  the 
repulse  of  Pickett's  historic  charge,  the  surgeon  was  riding  a  short  distance  to 
the  rear  of  his  command,  a  few  miles  east  of  the  town.  The  Union  cavalry 
were  moving  eastwardly.  and  coming  to  the  brow  of  a  hill  they  came  in  full 
view  of  Stuart' s  advance  cavalry,  that  was  hurrying  to  the  scene  of  the  battle, 
from  which,  by  some  blunder,  they  had  been  lost,  and  had  supposed  they  were 
to  meet  Lee's  army  near  Carlisle.  The  moment  the  commander  of  the  Federal 
cavalry  saw  the  enemy,  his  bugler  sounded  the  charge,  and  instantly  rang  out 
on  the  air  the  rebel  bugle  also  to  charge.  The  numerical  forces  were  nearly 
evenly  divided,  and  each  side,  spurring  their  horses  to  full  speed,  came  clash- 
ing together,  the  men  leaning  forward,  firing  the  pistols  with  the  left  hand, 
standing  in  their  stirrups  with  drawn  sabers,  and  with  the  shock  they  delivered 
their  blows  at  each  other,  each  man  only  mindful  of  cleaving  the  head  of  the 
man  in  front  of  him.  Horses  were  knocked  down  like  pins,  stunned,  and  some 
killed  outright.  Thus  riders  were  unhorsed,  and  men  and  horses  were  strug- 
gling and  fighting  still.  A  rebel,  who  was  on  the  ground,  ran  his  saber  up 
the  entire  back  of  a  Union  cavalryman  as  he  sat  on  his  horse,  the  point  of  the 
blade  coming  out  at  the  shoulder;  fortunately  it  was  only  a  flesh  wound,  but 
the  course  and  force  of  the  saber  thrust  showed  the  blind  fury  of  the  intention 
that  impelled  it.  Another  rebel,  who  had  nothing  else,  it  seems,  to  fight  with, 
had  used  his  guidon  in  lieu  of  a  saber,  and  in  the  force  of  the  shock  had  thrust 
this  into  the  mouth  of  his  opponent,  and  so  viciously  had  he  aimed  it  that  it 
entered  the  mouth,  tore  the  cheek  to  the  ear,  and  tore  away  the  poor  fellow's 
entire  ear.  Men  pitched  themselves  out  of  their  saddles,  and,  by  the  force  of 
the  momentum,  hurled  themselves  head  foremost,  like  battering  rams,  at  each 
other.  These  men  were  simply  struggling  to  kill,  with  no  thought  of  self  or 
saving  or  protecting  themselves — eager  to  die,  even  if  they  could  kill  the  enemy 
and  take  him  with  them  over  the  bank,  and  into  the  dark,  deep  pit  where 
dwelt  death  and  silence. 

Death  and  convalescence  began  at  once  to  "lessen  this  great  population  of 
wounded,  suffering  patients,  and  the  last  of  the  patients  from  the  tent  hospi- 
tals, in  the  beautiful  grove  east  of  town,  were  moved  away  in  the  early  part  of 
November,  1863 — over  four  months  from  the  commencement  of  the  Gettysburg 
battle. 

NATIONAL    CEMETERY. 

The  battle  of  Gettysburg  took  place  on  the  1st,  2d  and  3d  of  July,  1863, 
and  as  early  as  the  24th  of  that  month  the  incipient  step  was  taken  by  Judge 
David  Wills,  of  Gettysburg,  which  soon  led  to  the  formation  of  the  Gettysburg 
National  Cemetery  Association,  and  the  purchase  of  the  grounds  and  the  mak- 
ing of  the  Soldiers'  National  Cemetery  that  now  is  the  beautiful  and  enduring 
testimonial  to  the  dead  at  the  borough  of  Gettysburg — already  a  Mecca  for  the 
nation.  July  24,  1863,  Judge  Wills  wrote  to  Gov.  Curtin,  and  in  the  opening 
sentence  of  his  letter  he  says: 

Mr.  Seymour  is  here  on  behalf  of  li is  brother,  the  governor  of  New  York,  to  look  after 
the  wounded,  etc.,  on  the  battle-field,  and  I  have  suggested  to  him,  and  also  to  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Cross,  of  Baltimore,  and  others,  the  propriety  and  actual  necessity  of  the  purchase  of 
a  common  burial  ground  for  the  dead,  now  only  partially  buried  over  miles  of  country 
around  Gettysburg. 

(This  is  the  origin  of  national  cemeteries,  and  thus  to  Judge  Wills  belongs 


*Dr.  T.  T.  Tate,  of  Gettysburg,  who  was  surgeon  in  the  Third  Pennsylvania  Cavalry. 


HISTOID    OF  ADAMS  COUNTY.  173 

the  credit  of  having  inaugurated  these  memorial  tributes  of  a  grateful  people 
to  her  dead  heroes,  i 

Ee  tin 'I,  |>i<h ded  to  designate  the  piece  of  ground  that  was  finally  selected, 

and  where  tie  splendid  monument  Btands,  and  that  is  now  the  lovely  resting 
place  of  the  dead  heroes.  Among  other  reasons  for  the  selection  of  this  spot, 
he  says:  "  It  is  the  place  where  our  army  had  about  forty  pieces  of  artillery 
in  action  all  Thursday  and  Friday,  and  for  their  protection  had  thrown  up  a 
largo  number  of  earthworks  for  the  protection  of  the  artillerists."  The  des 
perate  attack  of  the  Louisiana  troops  was  made  here  on  Thursday  of  the  Eight, 
rapturing  our  guns,  but  were  finally  driven  away.  This  point  was  the  key  to 
our  whole  line  of  defense  —the  apex  of  the  triangular  line  of  battle.  There 
were  two  pieces  of  ground,  about  eight  acres,  one  part  belonging  to  Mr.  Raf- 
fensberger,  the  other  to  Mr.  Menchy.  Judge  Wills  says  of  the  dead  at  that 
time:  "Our  dead  are  lying  on  the  fields  unburied  (that  is  no  graves  being  dug), 
with  small  portions  of  earth  dug  up  alongside  of  the  body  and  thrown  over  it. 
In  many  instances  arms  and  legs,  and  sometimes  heads  protrude,  and  my  at- 
tention," he  says,  "  has  been  directed  to  several  places  where  the  hogs  were 
actually  rooting  out  the  bodies  and  devouring  them. "  "Truly,"  Judge  Wills 
says.  "  humanity  calls  on  us  to  take  measures  to  remedy  this."  He  suggested 
that  Pennsylvania  at  once  purchase  the  grounds  for  a  cemetery,  and  hopes  the 
other  States  will  readily  assist  in  the  work.  He  estimates  that  the  bodies  can 
be  removed  and  decently  buried  at  a  cost  of  not  over  $3. 50  or  $4  each.  He 
concludes  by  urging  the  Governor  to  prompt  action  in  making  the  purchase, 
and  furnishing  permanent  and  suitable  burial  grounds,  etc.  Gov.  Curtin 
bdghrj  approved  every  suggestion  of  Judge  Wills,  at  once  appointed  him  State 
agent,  with  full  power  to  act  upon  tho  suggestions  in  his  letter,  and  to  corre- 
spond with  the  governors  of  all  the  States  that  had  been  represented  by  troops 
in  the  battle.  In  less  than  four  weeks  the  eighteen  States  had  favorably 
ded,  the  grounds  purchased,  and  a  competent  party,  under  the  direction 
of  Judge  \Vills,  was  platting  and  arranging  the  grounds.  The  purchase  con- 
tained a  little  over  seventeen  acres  of  ground,  fronting  on  the  Baltimore  pike 
and  extending  south  along  the  Taneytown  road.  He  reported  on  the  17th  of 
August  that  all  the  details  had  been  arranged.  This  was  all  within  six  weeks 
of  the  great  battle.  Great  labor  and  patient  care  had  to  be  exercised  in  iden- 
tifying the  dead.  In  most  instances  the  names  of  the  occupants  of  graves 
were  written  upon  small  rough  boards  with  a  lead  pencil.  In  many  instances 
they  were  identified  by  letters,  papers,  receipts,  certificates,  or  any  other 
papers,  marks  on  clothing,  belts  or  cartridge  boxes,  etc.  In  this  way,  out  of 
3,564  bodies  interred  in  the  cemetery,  the  names  of  2,585  were  ascertained, 
while  979  remained  unknown.  Places  for  the  different  States  had  been  care- 
fully marked  off.  as  well  as  places  for  the  unknown,  and  the  bodies  were  taken 
up,  carefully  coffined,  and  placed  in  their  respective  places.  Afterward  other 
bodies  were  found,  and  seventy  bodies  had  been  buried  by  friends  in  Green- 
wood Cemetery,  and  the  mortally  wounded  in  the  hospitals  as  they  died  were 
added,  and  thus  the  total  of  killed  of  the  Union  forces  and  buried  in  the  cem- 
etery foots  up  nearly,  if  not  quite.  4,000.  Of  those  who  were  taken  away  and 
died,  and  of  the  bodies  that  had  been  claimed  by  friends  and  taken  away  for 
sepulture  we  have  no  means  of  estimating;  this  number  to  bo  added  to  the  roll 
of  the  killed. 

At  the  January  session,  1864,  tho  Pennsylvania  Legislature  incorporated 
the  Cemetery  Association,  each  of  the  eighteen  States  being  represented  by  an 
incorporator  who  had  boon  designated  by  the  respective  governors.  Each 
State  promptly  responded,  eager  to  bear  its  portion  of  the  sacred  charity,  and 


174  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

each  paying  the  respective  sums,  which  were  estimated  in  the  ratio  of  their 
representation  in  Congress.  Pennsylvania's  portion  was  $20,185.44.  The 
total  of  the  eighteen  States  paid  in  was  $129,523.24.  At  the  first  meeting  of 
the  board  of  trustees  the  following  officers  were  chosen:  David  Wills,  Gettys- 
burg, president;  John  R.  Bartlett,  Providence,  secretary;  Samuel  R.  Russell, 
Gettysburg,  treasurer.  Executive  committee — Robert  H.  McCurdy,  New 
York;  Benjamin  Deford,  Maryland;  William  Y.  Sellick,  Wisconsin;  Levi 
Scobey,  New  Jersey;  Henry  Edwards,  Massachusetts.  Auditing  committee — 
Henry  Edwards,  Massachusetts;  Gordon  Lofland,  Ohio;  John  R.  Bartlett, 
Rhode  Island. 

The  cemetery  was  enclosed  with  a  substantial  stone  wall,  with  iron  fence 
in  front,  an  imposing  gateway  of  iron,  a  lodge  for  the  keeper,  and  headstones 
to  the  graves.  The  grounds  were  tastefully  laid  out  with  walks  and  lawns,  and 
trees  planted.  The  headstones  of  the  graves  are  all  alike,  and  form  a  contin- 
uous line  of  granite  blocks,  rising  nine  inches  above  the  ground,  showing  a  face 
width  of  eight  inches  on  their  upper  surface. 

The  interments  when  first  completed,  the  different  States  were  represented 
as  follows:  Maine,  104  bodies;  New  Hampshire,  49;  Vermont,  61;  Massa- 
chusetts, 159;  Rhode  Island,  12;  Connecticut,  22;  New  York,  867;  New  Jer- 
sey, 78;  Pennsylvania,  534;  Delaware,  15;  Maryland,  22;  West  Virginia,  11; 
Ohio,  131;  Indiana,  80;  Illinois,  6;  Michigan,  171;  Wisconsin,  73;  Minnesota, 
52;  United  States  Regulars,  138;  unknown,  979;  total,  3,564. 

The  trustees  adopted  the  design  for  a  suitable  monument,  submitted  by  J. 
G.  Batterson,  of  Hartford,  the  plan  being  for  a  shaft  of  granite,  with  figures 
of  white  marble  on  the  four  buttresses,  and  a  figure  of  the  same  material  on  the 
summit  of  the  monument.  The  whole  is  symmetrical  and  very  beautiful.  It  is 
purely  historical,  telling  its  own  story  with  simplicity  and  comprehension. 
The  superstructure  is  60  feet  high,  a  massive  pedestal  of  gray  granite,  from 
Westerly,  Rhode  Island,  25  feet  square  at  the  base,  and  is  crowned  with  a 
colossal  statue  of  white  marble,  representing  the  Genius  of  Liberty .  Standing 
upon  the  three-quarter  globe,  she  holds  with  her  right  hand  the  victor's  wreath 
of  laurel,  while  with  her  left  she  clasps  the  victorious  sword. 

Projecting  from  the  angles  of  the  pedestal  are  four  buttresses.  Supporting 
each  is  an  allegorical  statue  of  white  marble,  representing,  respectively,  War, 
History,  Peace,  Plenty.  War  is  personified  by  a  statue  of  an  American  sol- 
dier, who,  resting  from  the  conflict,  relates  to  History  the  story  of  the  battle 
which  this  monument  is  intended  to  commemorate.  History,  in  listening 
attitude,  records,  with  stylus  and  tablet,  the  achievements  of  the  field  and  the 
names  of  the  honored  dead.  Peace  is  symbolized  by  a  statue  of  the  American 
mechanic,  characterized  by  appropriate  surroundings.  Plenty  is  represented 
by  a  female  figure,  with  a  sheaf  of  wheat  and  fruits  of  the  earth,  typifying 
peace  and  abundance  as  the  soldier's  crowning  triumph. 

These  beautiful  pieces  of  statuary  (and  certainly  they  can  not  be  excelled) 
were  executed  in  Italy,  under  the  immediate  supervision  of  Randolph  Rogers, 
the  distinguished  American  sculptor.  The  main  die  of  the  pedestal  is  octago- 
nal in  form,  paneled  upon  each  face.  The  cornice  and  plinth  above  are  also 
octagonal  and  heavily  molded.  Upon  the  plinth  rests  an  octagonal  molded 
base  bearing  upon  its  face,  in  high  relief,  the  National  arms,  and  upon  the  oppo- 
site side  is  cut  into  the  granite  the  dedication  address  of  President  Lincoln.  He 
was  the  guest  of  Judge  Wills,  and  wrote  this  address  at  his  residence  in  Get- 
tysburg, on  the  evening  of  November  18,  1863.  The  address  is  very  short, 
but  the  civilized  world  has  pronounced  every  word  of  it  an  inspiration,  and  it 
will  outlive  the  granite  on  which  it  is  inscribed: 


HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY.  175 

"Fourscore  and  seven  years  ago  our  fathers  brought  forth  on  this  conti- 
nent a  new  nation,  conceived  in  Liberty,  and  dedicated  to  the  proposition  that 
all  men  are  created  equal.  Now  we  are  engaged  in  a  great  civil  war,  testing 
whether  that  nation,  or  any  nation  so  conceived  and  so  dedicated,  can  long 
endure.  We  are  met  on  a  great  battle-field  of  that  war.  We  are  met  to  ded- 
icate a  portion  of  it  as  the  final  resting-place  of  those  who  here  gave  their  lives 
that  that  nation  might  live.  It  is  altogether  fitting  and  proper  that  we  should 
do  this. 

"  But  in  a  larger  sense  wo  can  not  dedicate,  we  can  not  consecrate,  we  can 
not  hallow  this  ground.  The  brave  men,  living  and  dead,  who  struggled  here, 
have  consecrated  it  far  above  our  power  to  add  or  detract.  The  world  will  little 
note  or  long  remember  what  we  say  here,  but  it  can  never  forget  what  they 
did  here.  It  is  for  us,  the  living,  rather  to  be  dedicated  here  to  the  unfinished 
work  that  they  have  thus  far  so  nobly  carried  on.  It  is  rather  for  us  to  be 
here  dedicated  to  the  great  task  remaining  before  us — that  from  these  honored 
dead  we  take  increased  devotion  to  the  cause  for  which  they  here  gave  the  last 
full  measure  of  devotion — ,that  we  here  highly  resolve  that  the  dead  shall  not 
have  died  in  vain;  that  the  nation  shall,  under  God,  have  a  new  birth  of  free- 
dom, and  that  the  government  of  the  people,  by  the  people,  and  for  the  peo- 
ple, shall  not  perish  from  the  earth." 

The  cemetery  having  been  completed,  and  the  care  of  it  by  so  many  States 
being  burdensome  and  expensive,  June  22,  1871,  the  board  "of  trustees  resolved 
to  transfer  it  to  the  General  Government.  The  transfer  was  duly  made,  and 
the  hoard  was  dissolved,  first  passing  highly  commendatory  resolutions  for  the 
energy  and  good  management  of  Judge  Wills,  and  frankly  saying  that  to  him 
belonged  the  honor  of  the  origin,  organization  and  successful  completion  of  the 
great  work. 

The  consecration  of  the  grounds  occurred  November  19,  1863.  The  Pres- 
ident, Vice-President  of  the  United  States,  and  members  of  the  Cabinet,  Maj.- 
Gen.  George  C.  Meade,  Lieut.  -Gen.  Scott,  Admiral  Stewart,  and  distinguished 
representatives  of  the  Navy,  Army  and  the  Civil  Departments  of  Government 
had  been  invited.  The  President  was  present,  and  delivered  the  dedicatory 
address  given  above.  William  H.  Seward  was  present,  and  in  answer  to  a  ser- 
enade in  the  evening  at  the  hotel  to  the  many  distinguished  guests,  he 
responded  in  a  short  address.  The  principal  address  on  the  day  of  the  cere- 
monies was  made  by  Hon.  Edward  Everett,  who  was  also  the  guest  of  Judge 
Wills.  His  address  was  worthy  the  great  occasion — replete  with  facts  about 
the  battle,  classical,  finished  and  eloquent  in  its  tribute  to  the  dead  and  the  liv- 
ing heroes  of  the  great  battle-field.  Centuries  from  now  its  eloquent  periods, 
rich  and  sonorous  sentences  will  be  pored  over  with  infinite  delight.  Below 
we  give  a  few  extracts: 

"Standing  beneath  this  serene  sky,  overlooking  these  broad  fields  now  re- 
posing from  the  labors  of  the  waning  year,  the  mighty  Alleghenies  dimly  tower- 
ing before  us,  the  graves  of  our  brethren  beneath  our  feet,  it  is  with  hesitation 
that  I  raise  my  poor  voice  to  break  tho  eloquent  silence  of  God  and  Nature. 
But  the  duty  to  which  you  have  called  me  must  be  performed.  *  *  * 
"It  was  appointed  by  law  in  Athens  that  the  obsequies  of  the  citizens  who 
fell  in  battle  should  be  performed  at  the  public  expense,  and  in  the  most  honor- 
able manner.  Their  bones  were  carefully  gathered  up  from  the  funeral  pyre, 
where  their  bodies  were  consumed,  and  brought  home  to  the  city.  There  for 
three  days  they  lay  in  state,  beneath  tents  of  honor,  to  receive  the  votive  offer- 
ings of  friends  and  relatives — flowers,  weapons,  precious  ornaments,  painted 
vases  (wonders  of  art,  which,  after  two  thousand  years,  adorn  the  museums 


176  HISTORY    OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

of  modern  Europe) — the  last  tributes  of  surviving  affection.  *  *  *  On 
the  fourth  day  the  mournful  procession  was  formed;  mothers,  wives,  sisters, 
daughters,  led  the  way.  *  *  *  The  male  relatives  and  friends  of  the 
deceased  followed;  citizens  and  strangers  closed  the  train.  Thus  marshaled, 
they  moved  to  the  place  of  interment  in  that  famous  Ceramicus,  the  most 
beautiful  suburb  of  Athens,  which  had  been  adorned  by  Cimon,  the  son  of 
Miltiades,  with  walks  and  fountains  and  columns — whose  groves  were  filled 
with  altars,  shrines  and  temples — whose  gardens  were  kept  forever  green  by 
the  streams  from  the  neighboring  hills,  and  shaded  with  the  trees  sacred  to 
Minerva,  and  coeval  with  the  foundation  of  the  city,  whose  circuit  inclosed 

'the  olive  grove  of  Academe, 
Plato's  retirement,  where  the  Attic  bird 
Trilled  his  thick-warbled  note  the  summer  long,' — 

whose  pathways  gleamed  with  the  monuments  of  the  illustrious  dead,  the 
work  of  the  most  consummate  masters  that  ever  gave  life  to  marble.  There, 
beneath  the  overarching  plane-trees,  upon  a  lofty  stage  erected  for  the  pur- 
pose, it  was  ordained  that  the  funeral  oration  should  be  pronounced  by  some 
citizen  of  Athens  in  the  presence  of  the  assembled  multitude. 

*  *  *  "  And  shall  I,  fellow-citizens,  who,  after  an  interval  of 
twenty-three  centuries,  a  youthful  pilgrim  from  the  world  unknown  to  ancient 
Greece,  have  wandered  over  that  illustrious  plain  [Marathon],  ready  to  put  the 
shoes  from  off  my  feet,  as  one  that  stands  on  holy  ground — who  have  gazed  with 
respectful  emotion  on  the  mound  which  still  protects  the  dust  of  those  who 
rolled  back  the  tide  of  Persian  invasion,  and  rescued  the  land  of  popular 
liberty,  of  letters,  and  of  arts,  from  the  ruthless  foe — stand  unmoved  over  the 
graves  of  our  dear  brethren,  who  so  lately,  on  three  of  those  all-important 
days  which  decide  a  nation's  histoiy — days  on  whose  issue  it  depended  whether 
this  august  republican  Union,  founded  by  some  of  the  wisest  statesmen  that 
ever  lived,  cemented  with  the  blood  of  some  of  the  purest  patriots  that  ever 
died,  should  perish  or  endure — rolled  back  the  tide  of  invasion,  anot  less  unpro- 
voked, not  less  ruthless,  than  that  which  came  to  plant  the  dark  banner  of 
Asiatic  despotism  and  slavery  on  the  free  soil  of  Greece?  Heaven  forbid!  And 
could  I  prove  so  insensible  to  every  prompting  of  patriotic  duty  and  affection, 
not  only  would  you,  fellow-citizens,  gathered  many  of  you  from  distant  States, 
who  have  come  to  take  part  in  these  pious  offices  of  gratitude — you,  respected 
fathers,  brethren,  matrons,  sisters,  who  surround  me — cry  out  for  shame,  that 
the  forms  of  brave  and  patriotic  men  who  fill  these  honored  graves  would  heave 
with  indignation  beneath  the  sod. 

"We  have  assembled,  friends,  fellow-citizens,  at  the  invitation  of  the 
Executive  of  the  great  central  State  of  Pennsylvania,  seconded  by  the  govern- 
ors of  seventeen  other  loyal  States  of  the  Union,  to  pay  the  last  tribute  of  re- 
spect to  the  brave  men,  who  in  the  hard- fought  battles  of  the  first,  second  and 
third  days  of  July  last,  laid  down  their  lives  for  the  country  on  those  hill- 
sides and  the  plains  before  us,  and  whose  remains  have  been  gathered  into  the 
cemetery  we  consecrate  this  day.  As  my  eye  ranges  over  the  fields  of  gallant 
and  loyal  men,  I  feel,  as  never  before,  how  truly  it  was  said  of  old  that  it  is 
sweet  and  becoming  to  die  for  one's  country.  I  feel,  as  never  before,  how 
justly,  from  the  dawn  of  history  to  the  present  time,  men  have  paid  the  homage 
of  their  gratitude  and  admiration  to  the  memory  of  those  who  nobly  sacrifice 
their  lives,  that  their  fellow-men  may  live  in  safety  and  in  honor.  And  if  this 
tribute  were  ever  due,  when,  to  whom,  could  it  be  more  justly  paid  than  to 
those  whose  last  resting  place  we  this  day  commend  the  blessings  of  Heaven 
and  all  men  f 


HISTORY  (IF  ADAMS  COUNTY.  177 

'•  For  consider,  my  friends,  what  would  have  been  the  consequences  to  the 
country,  to  yourselves,  and  to  all  yon  hold  dear,  if  those  who  sleep  beneath 
om  i.-ot ,  and  their  gallant  comrades  who  survive  to  serve  their  country  on 
other  fields  of  danger,  had  failed  in  their  duty  on  those  memorable  dayB.     Con 

aider  what,  at  this  moment,  would  be  t  ho  com  lit  ion  of  the  United  States  if  that 
noble  Army  of  the  Potomac,  instead  of  gallantly  and  for  the  second  time  beal 

ing  hack  the  tide  of  invasion  from  Maryland  and  Pennsylvania,  had  been  itself 
driven  from  these  well-contested  heights,  thrown  hack  in  confusion  on  Balti- 
more, or  tramiileddov.n.  discomfited,  scattered  to  the  four  winds.  What,  in 
that  sad  event,  would  not  have  been  the  fate  of  the  monumental  city  of  Harris- 
burg,  of  Philadelphia,  of  Washington,  the  capital  of  the  Union,  each  and 
ever]  one  of  which  would  have  been  at  the  mercy  of  the  enemy,  accordingly  as 
it  might  have  pleased  him,  spurred  by  passion,  flushed  with  victory,  and  con 
fident  of  continued  success,  to  direct  his  course? 

*  *  *  "  Who  that  hears  me  has  forgotten  the  thrill  of  joy  that 
ran  through  the  country  on  the  4th  of  July — auspicious  day  for  the  glorious 
tidings,  and  rendered  still  more  so  by  tho  simultaneous  fall  of  Vicksburg — when 
the  telegraph  Hashed  through  the  land  the  assirrance  from  tho  President  of  the 
United  States  that  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  under  Gen.  Meade,  had  again 
smitten  the  invader!  Sure  I  am  that,  with  the  ascriptions  of  praise  that  rose  to 
heaven  from  twenty  millions  of  freemen,  with  the  acknowledgments  that 
breathed  from  patriotic  lips;  throughout  the  length  and  breadth  of  America, 
to  the  surviving  officers  and  men  who  had  rendered  the  country  this  inestimable 
service,  there  beat  in  every  loyal  bosom  a  throb  of  tender  and  sorrowful  grati- 
tude to  the  martyrs  who  had  fallen  on  the  sternly  contested  field.  Let  a  na- 
tion' s  fervent  thanks  make  some  amends  for  the  toils  and  sufferings  of  those 
who  survive.  Would  that  the  heartfelt  tribute  could  penetrate  these  honored 
graves.  *  *  *  I  must  leave  to  others,  who  can  do  it  from  personal  ob 
solvation,  to  describe  the  mournful  spectacle  presented  by  these  hillsides  and 
plains  at  tho  close  of  the  terrible  conflict.  It  was  a  saying  of  the  Duke  of 
Wellington,  that,  next  to  defeat,  the  saddest  thing  is  a  victory.  The  horrors 
of  the  battle-field  after  the  contest  is  over,  the  sights  and  sounds  of  woe — let 
me  throw  a  pall  over  the  scene,  which  no  words  can  adequately  depict  to  those 
who  have  not  witnessed  it,  in  which  no  one  who  has  witnessed  it,  and  who  has 
a  heart  in  his  bosom,  can  bear  to  dwell.  One  drop  of  balm  alone,  one  drop  of 
heavenly  life-giving  balm,  mingles  in  this  hitter  cup  of  misery.  Scarcely  has 
the  cannon  ceased  to  roar,  when  the  brethren  and  sisters  of  Christian  benevo 
lence.  ministers  of  compassion,  angels  of  pity,  hasten  to  the  field  and  the  hos- 
pital to  moisten  the  parched  tongue,  to  bind  the  ghastly  wounds,  to  soothe  the 
parting  agonies  alike  of  friend  and  foe,  and  to  catch  the  last  whispered  mes- 
sages of  love  from  dying  lips. 

*  *  "And  now,  friends,  fellow-citizens  of  Gettysburg  and 
Pennsylvania,  and  you  from  remoter  States,  let  me  again,  as  we  part,  invoke 
your  benediction  on  these  honored  graves.  You  feel,  though  the  occasion  is 
mournful. that  it  is  good  to  be  here.  You  feel  that  it  was  greatly  auspicious  for 
the  cause  of  the  country  that  the  men  of  the  East  and  the  men  of  the  West, 
the  men  of  nineteen  sister  States,  stood,  side  by  side,  on  the  perilous  ridges  of 
the  battle.  You  now  feel  it  a  new  bond  of  union  that  they  shall  lie  side  by 
side,  till  a  clarion,  louder  than  that  which  marshaled  them  to  combat,  shall 
awake  their  slumbers.  God  bless  the  Union;  it  is  dearer  to  us  for  the  blood 
of  brave  men  which  has  been  shed  in  its  defense.  The  spots  on  which  they 
stood  and  fell;  these  pleasant  heights;  the  fertile  plain  beneath  them;  the  thriv- 
ing village,  whose  streets  so  lately  rang  with  the  strange  din  of  war;  the  fields 


178  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

beyond  the  ridge,  where  the  noble  Reynolds  held  the  advancing  foe  at  bay, 
and,  while  he  gave  up  his  own  life,  assured  by  his  forethought  and  self-sacrifice 
the  triumph  of  the  two  succeeding  days;  the  little  streams  which  wind  through 
the  hills,  on  whose  banks  in  after  times  the  wondering  plowman  will  turn  up,  with 
the  rude  weapons  of  savage  warfare,  the  fearful  missiles  of  modern  artillery;  Sem- 
inary Ridge,  the  Peach-Orchard,  Cemetery,  Culp,  Wolf  Hill,  Round  Top,  Little 
Round  Top,  humble  names,  henceforward  dear  and  famous — no  lapse  of  time,  no 
distance  of  space  shall  cause  you  to  be  forgotten.  'The  whole  earth,'  said  Peri- 
cles, as  he  stood  over  the  remains  of  his  fellow  citizens,  who  had  fallen  in  the 
first  year  of  the  Peloponnesian  war,  'the  whole  earth  is  the  sepulcher  of 
illustrious  men.'  All  time,  he  might  have  added,  is  the  millennium  of  their 
glory.  Surely  I  would  do  no  injustice  to  the  other  noble  achievements  of  the 
war,  which  have  reflected  such  honor  on  both  arms  of  the  service,  and  have  en- 
titled the  armies  and  the  navy  of  the  United  States,  their  officers  and  men,  to 
the  warmest  thanks  and  the  richest  rewards  which  a  grateful  people  can  pay. 
But  they,  I  am  sure,  will  join  us  in  saying,  as  we  bid  farewell  to  the  dust  of 
these  martyrs — heroes,  that  wheresoever  throughout  the  civilized  world  the 
accounts  of  this  great  warfare  are  read,  and  down  to  the  latest  period  of 
recorded  time,  in  the  glorious  annals  of  our  common  country,  there  will  be  no 
brighter  page  than  that  which  relates  to  Tue  Battle  of  Gettysburg." 

When  the  work  on  Cemetery  Hill  had  been  well  completed,  then  the  organ- 
ization turned  its  attention  to  the  main  lines  of  the  battle-field,  that  is,  those 
lines  of  the  Union  forces  extending  from  Cemetery  Hill  to  the  two  Round  Top 
Mountains,  and  the  design  was  conceived  of  purchasing  the  land  along  this 
line  and  making  a  grand-drive  avenue  to  Little  Round  Top  Mountain,  where 
land  suitable  for  a  picnic  ground  was  purchased,  and  in  a  cheap  form  the  nec- 
essary buildings  erected  to  accommodate  parties  and  delegations.  And  there, 
also,  commenced  the  work  of  designating  by  suitable  stones  the  positions  of 
the  different  commands  that  they  occupied  during  the  most  severe  and  trying 
times  of  the  three  days'  fight.  The  eighteen  States  entered  loyally  into  this 
project,  and  ordered  suitably  inscribed  stones  made.  All  of  them  put  up,  so 
far,  are  very  elegant  works  of  art,  beautiful  ia  design  and  finish,  and  already 
the  most  of  the  States  have  their  battle-field  monuments  in  position,  and  the 
coming  summer  will  see  them  properly  represented.  These  tell  the  story  of 
the  battle,  the  part  played  by  each  of  the  various  State  troops,  in  solid  granite. 
And  now  standing  upon  any  elevation  of  the  field  these  gray  and  white  shafts 
can  be  seen  in  every  direction.  The  association  in  nearly  every  instance  pur- 
chased the  grounds  where  these  monuments  stand,  so  as  to  bring  them  under 
the  protecting  care  of  the  Cemetery  Association.  They  will  therefore  stand 
here,  each  telling  to  the  world,  to  future  generations  especially,  its  own  part 
of  the  thrilling  and  tragic  story.  Hence,  the  perpetual  story  of  the  battle  of 
Gettysburg  will  be  gathered  and  preserved  in  a  way  more  complete,  perfect  and 
enduring  than  that  of  any  great  battle-field  in  all  history,  and  in  the  long 
future  the  history  of  the  organization  arising  from  the  first  suggestion  of  Judge 
Wills,  July  24,  1863,  will  be  of  itself  an  intensely  interesting  story. 

The  monumenf  in  the  cemetery  was  unveiled  and  dedicated  July  1,  1869. 
The  dedication  ode  for  that  occasion  was  written  by  Bayard  Taylor,  and  in  it 
occurs  the  following: 

"After  the  thunder  storm  our  heaven  is  blue: 

Far  off,  along  the  borders  of  the  sky, 

In  silver  folds  the  clouds  of  battle  lie, 

With  soft  consoling  sunlight  shining  through; 

And  round  the  sweeping  circles  of  your  hills 

The  crashing  cannon  thrills 

Have  faded  from  the  memory  of  the  air; 


-4fc^ 


t&tst 


BOKOl'iill    OF    (iKTTVSUriUl.  181 

Ami  summer  pours  from  unexhausted  fountains 
Her  bliss  on  j  onder  mountains: 
The  ramps  are  tenantlesa,  the  breastworks  bare: 
Earth  keeps  no  stain  where  hero- blood  was  poured: 
The  hornets  humming  on  their  wings  of  lead, 
Have  ceased  to  sting,  their  angry  swarms  are  dead, 
Ami  harmlessin  its  scabbard  rusts  the  Bword  " 

The  i  [  ih..  Battle-field  Memorial  Association  is  ox-officio  tho  gov- 

emor  of  Pennsylvania.  The  local  officers,  those  who  are  in  immediate  control 
and  management  of  its  affairs  arc  for  the  years  ISVi  Silas  follows:  Vice-Presi- 
dent, David  A.  Bnehler,  Esq..  Gettsyburg,  Penn. ;  secretary,  John  M.  Krauth, 
Esq.,  Gettysburgh,  Penn.;  treasurer,  J.  Lawrence  Schick,  Gettysburg,  Penn.; 
superintendent  of  grounds,  Bergt.  Nicholas  G.  Wilson,  Gettysburg,  Penn. 

Directors  who  live  in  Gettysburg  are  Col.  C.  H.  Buehler,  Sergt.  N.  G. 
Wilson,  John  M.  Krauth.  Ks.|..  Maj.  Robert  Bell.  Sergt.  \V.  D.  Holtzworth, 
David  A.  Buehler,  Esq.,  J.  Lawrence  Schick,  Charles  Horner,  M.  D.,  Col. 
John  B.  Baehelder. 


CHAPTER    XXV. 

BOROUGH  OF  GETTYSBURG. 

Hanoi:  Hamilton-  and  Richard  McAllister— James  Gettys— Old  Plat  of 
the  Town— Town  I  moi; for ated— Elections— Water  Companies— File 
(  omfanies— Banks— Seminary  and  College— Churches— G.  A.  R.  Post— 
A  National  Resort. 

AMONG  the  points  in  the  county  of  the  earliest  settlements  where  Gettysburg 
now  stands,  and  in  its  vicinity,  we  find  some  of  tho  very  first  settlers 
in  this  part  of  then  Lancaster  County.  When  York  County  was  formed,  17  lit, 
we  find  that  the  Scotch-Irish  of  this,  then  called  Marsh  Creek  settlement,  were 
ranked  among  the  old  settlers  of  the  new  county  of  York.  Indeed,  they  seemed 
to  present  the  majority  of  the  prominent  leading  men  of  the  now  county  of 
York.  They  lived  remotely  from  the  county  seat— thirty  miles— the  placo  where 
the  people  had  all  to  go  to  vote,  but  this  seems  to  have  been  no  detriment  to 
their  prominent  and  controlling  influence,  or  their  presence  and  active  partici- 
pation in  all  general  elections.  Hance  Hamilton  was  the  favorite,  bold,  strong 
and  adroit  leader  of  the  Scotch-Irish  element,  and  McAllister  of  the  Dutcht 
Conowago,  settlement,  was  the  strong  and  active  leader  in  command  of  the 
Dutch  hosts.  They  were  well  matched.  McAllister  had  the  most  numerous 
followers.  Hamilton  was  the  ablest  captain,  and  he  called  about  him  tho  best 
lieutenants.  McAllister's  forces  could  outvote  Hamilton's  crowd,  but  Hamil- 
ton never  failed  to  carry  off  the  prize  at  every  election  when  he  was  a  candi- 
date. More  than  once  riots  occurred  at  elections  in  York;  notably,  at  the  first 
election  in  1  i  19  when  Hance  Hamilton  and  Richard  McAllister  were  rival  can- 
didates for  sheriff.  It  became  evident  to  the  Scotch-Irish,  or  more  properly, 
perhaps,  to  Hamilton,  early  in  the  afternoon  of  election  day,  that  the  Dutch 
were  outvoting  them.  Two  or  three  stout  Irishmen  rushed  in  and  took  pos- 
session of  the  point  where  the  voters  passed  their  ballots  in  between  the  cracks 
m  the  logs  of  the  house.  A  lusty  and  brave  Dutchman  fell  upon  them,  and 
commenced  kicking  the  Irish   heels   from  under  them.      A  general  fight,    of 

IOA 


182  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

course,  at  once  ensued.  The  battle  became  hot  and  furious,  and  the  sturdy 
Dutch  drove  the  Irish  from  the  field — out  of  the  village  and  across  Codorus 
Creek  and  kept  them  there  the  remainder  of  the  day.  The  Dutch  only  then 
voted,  and  of  course  their  votes  were  in  an  overwhelming  majority,  and  to 
ordinary  men  McAllister  would  appear  to  have  been  elected.  But  he  was  not, 
rather  be  failed  to  get  it  so  declared,  and  Hamilton  was  elected;  at  all  events 
he  got  his  commission  and  served.  He  simply  went  to  the  governor  and  threw 
the  odium  of  the  riot  on  the  Dutch,  and  got  his  commission.  Another  riot  oc- 
curred at  the  next  election,  and  here  again,  and  something  after  the  previous 
tactics,  was  Hamilton  master  of  ceremonies  and  the  triumphant  leader,  wrest- 
ing victory  from  defeat. 

Hance  Hamilton  was  the  strong  man,  the  man  of  unequaled  resources,  in 
the  then  entire  territory  that  is  now  Adams  and  York  Counties.  He  was  then  a 
very  young  man,  just  upon  life's  threshold;  he  died  when  he  was  but  entering 
upon  ripe  manhood,  and  yet  his  name  is  imperishably  linked  with  the  his- 
tory of  York  and  Adams  Counties. 

James  Gettys,  the  founder  of  the  borough  of  Gettysburg  and  from  whom 
it  received  its  name,  was  a  son  of  Samuel  Gettys  (in  the  days  when  only  the 
preacher  and  the  school  teacher  could  write);  the  name  was,  like  nearly  all 
names  in  those  days,  spelled  by  sound  and  variously  about  every  time  a  differ- 
ently learned  pundit  had  occasion  to  write  it ;  thus  we  find  ' '  Gettes, "  "  Gattis, ' ' 
"Gettus,"  "Gittys, "  etc.  The  Gettys  family  can  be  traced  back,  as  among 
the  pioneers  of  this  part  of  the  State,  to  1767.  Samuel  Gettys  died  March 
15,  17lJ0.  At  one  time  he  had  been  a  rich  man  for  that  day,  but  lost  heavily 
by  dealing  in  Continental  money.  Still  at  his  death  his  real  estate  at  public 
vendue  brought  £1,764  10s. 

James  Gettys  was  an  enterprising  man,  of  sound  judgment  and  bold 
and  dashing  financial  schemes.  He  built  a  house  large  and  commodious 
enough  to  throw  open  his  doors  to  the  public,  or  chance  travelers  passing,  as 
a  house  of  accommodation  for  "  man  and  beast. "  He  soon  saw  that  a  little 
trading  store  would  be  a  good  investment,  and  he  opened  one,  and,  perhaps  so 
far,  unconsciously,  he  was  forming  the  nucleus  for  a  town.  Just  when  these 
things  occurred  cannot  now  be  accurately  known,  but  from  chance  records  we 
do  know  that  as  early  as  1787  it  is  referred  to  by  Rev.  Dobbin  in  one  of  his 
marriage  certificates,  as  "  Gettistown."  It  is  supposed  that  Gettys  built  his 
hotel  and  residence  as  early  as  1783,  and  soon  after  this  the  locality  be^an  to 
be  called  after  him,  instead  of  "Marsh  Creek  Settlement."  From  the  records 
in  Harrisburg  we  learn  the  town  was  laid  out  in  1780. 

As  explained  in  a  preceding  chapter,  the  idea  of  laying  out  a  town  oc- 
curred to  Gettys  about  the  time  of  the  first  agitation  of  the  question  of  form- 
ing a  new  county.  Mr.  Gettys  followed  the  common  custom  of  that  day  of 
putting  the  lots  of  his  new  town  on  the  market  and  disposing  of  them  by 
lottery. 

An  .old  plat  of  the  town,  on  parchment,  has  been  found,  as  it  was  traced 
out  by  John  Forsyth,  deputy  surveyor,  who  laid  out  the  place.  It  is  impossi- 
ble to  decipher  the  date.  It  is  the  original  plat,  and  the  first  limits  are 
described  from  "North"  (now  Railroad)  Street  on  the  north,  to  "South" 
Street  on  top  of  the  hill  on  Baltimore  Street,  on  the  south,  and  include  seven 
lots  west  of  what  is  now  known  as  Stratton  Street,  and  seven  lots  west  of  what  is 
in  iw  1iYashington  Street.  Eight  streets  are  described:  "Baltimore"  Street,  now 
Carlisle  and  Baltimore;  "York"  Street,  now  Chambersburg  and  York  Street; 
"Middle"  and  "High"  Streets,  now  North,  corresponding  to  Railroad  Street; 
"East"    Street,   now  Stratton;  and    "West,"  now   Washington   Street;  and 


BOROUGH  OF    GETTYSBURG. 


is:; 


'South"  Street,  now  the  alle]  crossing  Baltimore  Street   at  tho  top  of  the 
hill.     There  were  bui  three  alleyB,  all  running  east  an. I  west. 

On  tin'  map  is  tli.'  following  memoranda:     "  The  center  square* tains  196 

■quare  perches  and  is  on  each  side  II  perches.  The  alleys  are  all  12  feel 
wide.  The  streets  which  cross  at  righl  angles  on  (•enter  square  are  66  feet 
wide,  viz.:  Baltimore  Streel  and  Zork  Street,  all  the  other  street-  are  50 
feet  wide.     The  lots  from  X,,.  l  to  8  are  ll  in  fronl  l>\  99  feet  deep;  and  the 

lot-  from  Xo.   '.I  to  38,    inclusive,   are  60    feet     m    front  by   1  1'J  deep;    Nos.    39  to 

210  are  60  feel  in  front  by  180  deep,  except  tho  lots  from  Nos.  07  to  L26, 
inclusi\o.  which  are  60  feel  frontbj   L81J  deep." 

In  the  distribution  Mr.  Gettys  reserved  for  himself  the  lots  on  which  his 
propertj  stood,  or  lots  53,  54,  55,  56,  57,  58  on  Railroad  Street.  The  follow- 
ing is  very  nearly  a  correcl  li-t  of  tho  lots  and  their  owners  ill  the  distribution. 
Opposite  each  name  is  the  number  and  location  of  the  lots: 


1  [sabel 

9  Ma1    a  Ah  y. 

;i    I..  C.  QettyS. 

4  James  Finley. 


9  Mary  Vance. 
in  X.  rrozier. 

11  James  Moore,  T.  Pike. 

12  John  Troxell. 
IS  John  Blair. 

14  Thomas  Steel. 

15  William  McPherson. 

16  John  Kerr. 

l?  Samuel  Reay. 
18  Robert  Elden. 
in  John  Bollin. 
aes  Duncan. 


ON    (  i;\  I'm;    gQl    \  j ;  I ... 

5  John  Coyt. 

6  James  — [illegible]. 

7  Henry  Arnold 

8  Widow  Harrison. 

ON    ISALTIMOKE    BTREET. 

'.'i  .l.iim  Murphy. 
22  Edwin  McSherry. 
28  William  McCreary. 

24  John  Riley. 

25  John  Phillip. 

26  Sally  Firming. 

27  AJex.  Gettys. 

28  Thomas  McClellan. 
-".)  Thomas  Campbell. 
80  Robert  McPherson. 
SI  John  Donaldson. 
32  William  Patterson. 


(  AHt.I-I.E   STREET. 


38  Reynolds  Ramsey. 

34  William  McCleary. 

35  David  Dun 


39  Arnold  Elder. 
4d  David  Corson. 
41  Robert  Dunn. 
•I  '  Adam  ( lookes. 

48  i  leorge  Robertson. 

44  Henry  Bra, idea. 

45  Reynolds  Ramsey. 

40  Irish  John  McClellan. 
Irish  William  Bailey. 

47  James  Wills. 
4s  John  Blakely. 

49  John  Latta. 


87  Thomas  Trout, 
Gi   irge  Tn  mt. 

68  William  Barr. 

69  — ll; 

Bole  Owings. 

70  Mathew  Longwell, 
William  McClellan. 

71  John  Edie. 


86  i  Seorge  Qautz. 

a;  William  McG 

"s  John  Agnew. 

RAILROAD   STREET. 

50  William  Emmit. 

51  Mathew  Black. 

52  John  Hughes. 

53  to  58  vacant. 

59  John  Thornburg. 

60  Joseph  McNeay. 

61  Daniel   McNorton. 

62  Thomas  Wesniss. 
6.3  John  Emmit. 

64  James  Stevenson. 

65  James  Linn. 

66  Hugh  Black. 

(  IIAMUF.Ksnriio    STREET. 

72  John  Knight. 

73  David  Puddle. 

74  Isabella  Moore. 

75  Samuel    Maxwell. 

76  1  lam, all  Rodgers. 

77  Samuel  Elder. 


184 


HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 


78  Samuel  Adams. 

79  Hugh  Bighara. 

80  Rev.  A.  Dobbin. 

81  Samuel  Gettys. 

97  Jacob  Sell. 

98  Alex  Russell. 

99  William  Gettys, 
Conow. 

100  Polly  Vance. 

101  Charles  Campbell. 


82  Barnabas  MeSherry. 

83  William  G.  McPherson. 
84- to  87  vacant. 

88  William  Stewart. 

89  Robert  Mcllvain. 

90  Alex  Spear. 

91  Philip  Morningstar. 

92  Samuel  Gettys,  Jr. 

93  George  Irwin. 

94  Walter  Maxwell. 

95  Bole  Ovvings. 

96  Joseph  Mark. 


102  Widow  Susanah  Little. 

103  John  Blair. 

104  Isaac  Armstrong. 

105  John  Maholin. 
100  Samuel  Wilson. 

107  James  Duncan. 

108  Henry  Buchanan. 

109  Samuel  Fay. 

110  Isabella  Fleming. 

111  Reynolds  Ramsey. 

YORK   STREET. 

112  Thomas  Clinger. 

113  William  Crawford. 

114  John  Ashbaugh. 

115  Reynolds  Ramsey. 

116  Alexander  Scott. 

117  Capt.  William  Lusk. 

118  Reynolds  Ramsey. 

119  James  Black. 

120  Jacob  Bower. 

121  Elizabeth  Bruner. 

122  Alexander  Thompson. 

123  William  McClellan. 

124  Isabella  Gettys. 

125  John  Anan. 

126  John  Blair, 


WEST   MIDDLE   STREET. 


127  Archibald  Stewart. 

128  John  McKelip. 

129  William  Dunwoody. 

130  Robert  Dana. 

131  Sophia  Vance. 

132  John  Tome. 

133  James  Smith,      ) 
Michael  Miller,  f 

134  .lames  Gettys. 

135  Mathew  Caldwell. 

136  William  Vance. 

137  Isabella  Gettys,  ) 
Patrick  McCoy.  , 

138  Patrick  Mooney. 

139  Alexander  Elder. 

140  Mathew  Horner,    ) 
McMillan,  f 

141  Samuel  Gettys,  Sr. 

142  Thomas  Cross. 
14:!  .lames  Hughes. 

144  John  Blair. 

145  John  Thompson. 

146  .lames  Russell. 

147  And.  Weir. 

148  Elizabeth  Fleming. 

149  Alexander  Scott. 

150  Joseph  McCreary. 

151  James  Dobbin,  Esq. 

152  Alex.  Scatt. 

153  Richard  Jenuing. 

154  (illegible.) 

177  James  Campbell,  Sr. 

178  Joseph  Stilly. 

179  Joseph  Stilly. 


155  Mathew  Horner. 

156  John  McKelip,  1 
John  Craig.        J 

157  James  Flaught. 

158  Thomas  Douglas. 

159  William  Blakely. 

160  Agnes  McPherson. 

161  John  Cochran. 

162  William  Pirn. 

163  Robert  Galhreath. 

164  .b>hn  Balten,      ) 
George f 

165  Robert  McPherson. 


EAST   MIDDLE   STREET. 


166  Samuel  Russell. 

167  William  Bailev. 

168  Robert  Mcllvaine. 

169  William  Bailey. 

170  Joshua  Russell. 

171  James  Buchanan. 

172  Richard  Elder. 

173  John  Tawney. 

174  Mary  Williams. 

175  Mathew  Shanks. 

176  Bole  Owings. 


WEST  HIGH  STREET. 


180  Fred  Remmel. 

181  Joseph  Moore. 

182  Andrew  Boyd. 


laillol  (HI    dl'     (IK.TTVSK.riUi. 


is:. 


188   William  Pirn. 
184   Rob  n  Scott 
186  Thomas  Rogers 
186  Joseph  1  tughes. 
197  And.  .lull 
108  John  Tome 


199  Alex.  Scott, 

James  ( lettys. 
800  Daniel  dour. 
301   Samuel  Hays. 
809  Barnabas  McGee. 
■Mi  John  Blair. 


I    \>.  I     II  ii .  II   B1  RE)    I 


rami  i  tughs. 
803  Alex.  RuBseU. 
806  Nancy  McPherson. 

McPherson. 
BOS'  BoleOwings. 
809  James  Gettys,  ) 

Kcvnolds  McPherson.  f 
210  Peggy  Kirk. 


181  Samuel  Ha]  - 

188  John   Watt. 

189  John  Forsj  ih. 

190  John  Wilson. 

muel  M e. 

198  Patrick  McMullen 
198  James  McSherry. 

194  John  Tate. 

195  .Tames  Baird 

196  John  McClellan  (Irish). 

The  li  1  ( >  lots  laid  out  by  Mr.  Gettys  retain  the  same  numbers  in  the  title 
deeds  to  the  present  time.  Owners  can  thus  readily  trace  the  different  assign- 
ments, as  the  numbers  and  streets  given  above  correctly  locate  each  lot.  This 
is  the  best  obtainable  list  of  those  who  were  here  in  the  latter  part  of  the 
eighteenth  century.  Tt  is  a  convenient  hook  of  peerage  for  the  descendants  of 
these  people  —a  vein  of  the  blue-blood  of  the  country. 


TOWN    INCOBPOBATED. 

The  above  list  of  lot  owners,  and  then  the  list  given  in  the  account  in 
another  chapter  of  the  parties  engaged  in  building  the  first  court  house,  and 
then  the  list  of  settlers  from  Is  17  to  L828,  as  given  elsewhere,  from  the  mem- 
ory of  Mr.  Longwell.  give  a  remarkably  full  list  of  the  settlers  in  Gettysburg 
during  nearh  the  first  half  century  of  its  existence.  Then,  the  marriage  docket 
of  Rev.  Dobbin  completes  the  list  in  a  manner  more  satisfactory  than  can 
probably  be  found  of  any  other  town  in  the  State  at  this  late  day  of  compara- 
tively the  same  age. 

From  the  day  of  its  founding  it  grew  with  the  growth  of  the  surrounding 
country  in  population  and  wealth,  receiving,  of  course,  the  impulse  that  would 
naturally  corue  of  the  location  of  the  county  seat  here  in  1800.  The  wisdom 
of  this  selection  is  shown  that  now  for  eighty-six  years  it  has  remained  undis- 
turlied— we  believe  no  effort  made  or  question  agitated  for  a  removal  during 
all  that  time. 

On  March  10,  1806,  it  became  by  law  an  incorporated  borough.  It  had  a 
postoffice  and  store,  blacksmith  shop,  and  enough  people  to  begin  to  put  on 
liini;.   town  airs.      George   Morton   had   stalled    a   spinning  wheel  factory   to 

supply  the  country  with  that  very  n ssary  article  in  every  household.     The 

movement  to  build  a  courl  house  and  jail  commenced  in  the  early  part  of  L801. 
This  year  the  new  town  was  making  local  laws  to  regulate  affairs  in  the  town. 
Reynolds  Ramsey  was  village  treasurer,  collecting  quit  rents  and  dog  tax,  and 
market  house  rents,  etc.  Ramsey  and  Attorney  Haight  had  their  offices 
together.  As  early  as  L801,  we  know  from  an  advertisement  that  James  Mars 
den  had  a  "frame  house  handsomely  weather-boarded  and  painted  on  York 
Street."  Indeed,  in  L801,  Gettysburg  was  a  hustling  young  '.'Western  town," 
full  of  promise,  new  buildings  and  improvement-,  ami  new  settlers  to  e;row  up 
with  the  town.  So  wide  had  its  fame  extended  in  1  Si  1 1  that  the  peripatetic 
showman  was  attracted  here,  and  suddenly  one  morning  the  hustling  town 
must  have  been,  as  the  slang  now  puts  it,  paralyzed  by  the  gaudy  posters 
announcing  the  coming  of  the    "great,    moral  and   edifying    show."    'wax 


186  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

figures  as  large  as  life."  The  proprietor's  name  is  not  to  the  bills,  and  it 
is  only  inference  that  it  was  not  the  incomparable  Artemus  Ward — making  his 
first  bold  venture,  in  the  "wild  and  raging  West."  In  the  same  year  James 
Cobean  rented  Gettys'  tavern,  and  Dr.  Samuel  Agnew  opened  his  office  and 
offered  his  ministrations  to  the  sick  and  afflicted.  Michael  Newman  erected  a  ' 
tannery  and  commenced  making  leather.  In  1802  John  Rowland  had  his  pot- 
tery running,  and  so  brisk  was  business  that  he  was  constrained  to  advertise 
for  "a  good  potter."  In  1803  Edward  Davis  had  his  chair  factory  in  opera- 
tion, and  as  our  citizens  will  remember,  Gettysburg  was  a  leading  point  for  this 
industry  to  the  time  of  the  rebel  invasion  in  1862-63.  Jacob  Sell  had  occu- 
pied the  ' '  Red  House' '  on  the  south  side  of  York  Street,  east  of  the  court 
house;  then  in  1805  Mr.  Underwood  carried  on  business  in  this  place,  and  in 
L806  Mr.  Harper  moved  his  printing  office  into  it. 

April  6,  L806,  James  Scott  and  Thomas  Hetich  started  a  line  of  stages  from 
Chanibersburg  to  Baltimore.  Starting  "  every  Monday  morning  at  4  o'clock 
from  Chanibersburg,  it  arrived  at  the  house  of  James  Scott,  in  Gettysburg, 
the  same  day.  and  at  the  house  of  Jacob  Wiurott,  Petersburg;  stopping  here 
all  night,  would  reach  Baltimore  the  next  day,  at  the  house  of  the  sign  of  the 
'Sheaf  of  Wheat.'  Returning,  leave  Baltimore  Friday  morning  at  1  o'clock, 
and  by  the  same  route  reach  Chanibersburg  Saturday."  This  was  a  great 
improvement  for  that  day.     All  the  way  to  Baltimore  and  back  by  stage  in  a 

Week! 

In  1806  Henry  Young  was  "mine  host"  in  Gettysburg,  and  returns  public 
thanks  and  is  ' '  continuing  at  the  old  stand  of  tavern-keeping  and  Ironmon- 
gery. 

In  1S0<  the  total  revenue  of  Gettysburg,  including  dog  tax,  was  §557. 81i. 
Reynolds  Ramsey  was  burgess  in  1806-07. 

The  first  borough  election  was  in  May,  1S06.  The  first  council  met  May 
21,  following,  at  the  house  of  William  MeClellan;  present,  George  Kerr,  Eman- 
uel Zeigler,  William  Garvin,  James  Dobbin,  Walter  Smith.  George  Kerr, 
elected  president  of  the  town  council,  appointed  James  Gettys  clerk  and  treas- 
urer, his  bond  fixed  at  $1,000;  salary  2J  per  cent  on  moneys  collected. 

In  June.  18(17,  Rev.  D.  McCanaughy  opened  his  high  school  in  Gettysburg, 
which  school  was  an  era  in  the  town' s  history.  In  it  was  taught  Latin  and 
Greek,  as  the  ancient  prospectus  informs  us.  Rev.  McCanaughy  was  an  emi- 
nent divine  and  leading  educator  of  his  time. 

Among  the  ordinances  of  1806  was  a  resolution  to  purchase  a  fire  engine, 
and  for  this  purpose  a  petition  to  the  grand  jury  and  court  of  quarter  sessions 
asking  assistance,  which  obtained  from  them  an  allowance  of  §150,  and  then  the 
council  authorized  the  issuing  of  a  town  bond  for  §800. 

As  early  as  June  8,  1806,  a  severe  ordinance  was  passed  prohibiting  swine 
from  running  at  large;  the  same  time  was  passed  an  ordinance  "  to  prevent  the 
increase  of  dogs."  It  required  every  owner  to  report  his  dogs,  with  fidl  de- 
scription thereof  and  pay  a  tax  on  each  one — 10  cents  for  Mr.  Dog  and  §2 
for  Mrs.  Dog.  It  was  Reynolds  Ramsey's  official  duty  to  buy  a  book, 
keep  the  dog  registry  and  collect  the  tax.  This  record  book  is  a  veritable 
curiosity.  It  shows  fifty-eight  dogs  reported  before  August,  1806.  "  Joseph 
W<  irley  one  small- Dog  his  Name  is  pen  is  black  and  white  Ring  round  his  Nack 
paid;"  "Alexander  Russells  Dog  is  of  a  small  size  Coller  black  with  a  white 
Ring  Round  his  Neck  his  name  pointer  paid;"  "  Spangler  B.  McClalen  dog  is 
brown  yeallow  lags  and  Brast  Named  beaver;"  "  Samuel  Kuplinger  Dog  is  of 
a  middle  size  Collor  is  black  and  white  his  name  is  pipe  paid;"  "George 
Walsh  a  Midel  Sized  yeallow  Dog  and  his  name  is  liberty  paid ;"    "  Chris- 


BOKOIJGH  OF  GETTYSBURG.  187 

tian  Culp  one  small  light  yeallow  Dog  his  name  is  possum  paid;"  "John  Gross 
a  small  dog  Black  his  name  is  smart  paid;"  "Mickel  Numan  of  a  whitish  brin- 
:ollar  with  a  very  long  head  his  name  is  hull  paid;"  Doc  Sainuel  Agnew' s 
dog  of  a  Duuo  Collor  ami  his  name  is  'Augnatna  Cezror;'"  "Mathiae  Culp 
a  small  y  allow  Brindeld  d  'is  pen  paid;"  "Adam  Swop  1  dog  of  Midel 

Size  his  name  is  Pornej  and  yea!  oollor,"  etc.  While  on  the  subject  of  ex- 
tracts from  Reynolds  Ramsey's  records  we  give  the  following  extract,  that  not 
only  explain--  itself,  but  is  a  complete  insight  into  the  ideas  of  that  time  of 
morality  and  statesmanship:  "  he  it  Remembered  that  on  the  second  day  of 
february  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  seven.  Shem 
Greble  [Graybill]  of  Adams  County,  farmer,  is  convicted  before  me,  being  the 
burgess  of  the  Borough  of  Gettysburg,  of  a  breach  of  the  Lord's  day  by  driv- 
ing a  wagon  through  the  Borough  of  Gettysburg  on  the  first  day  of  February 
and  year  afsd.  being  the  Lord's  Day  commonly  called  Sunday  which  convic 
tion  is  Mede  upon  my  ordinance  and  I  do  adjudge  him  to  forfeit  for  the  same 
the  sum  of  four  dollars." 

By  careful  search  of  the  tax  books  we  learn  that  there  were  eighty-three 
houses  and  two  tan  yards  in  Gettysburg  in  1806.  Adam  Swope  owned  one  of 
the  tan  yards  and  William  Buchanan  the  other.  The  fire  engine,  which  cost 
$450,  was  received  August  5,  ls|l|> 

At  the  May  election,  1807,  was  elected  George  Kerr,  burgess;  town  coun- 
cil— James  Galloway,  James  Gettys,  Samuel  Hutchinson,  James  Dobbin,  Will- 
iam Maxwell;  street  commissioners  Emanuel  Zeigler,  Henry  Hoke;  high  con- 
stable William  Kuhns.  James  Douglas  was  appointed  town  clerk  and  treas- 
urer. This  new  council  determined  at  their  first  meeting  to  build  a  market 
house.  This  was  built  in  the  square  on  the  east  side  of  the  court  house,  a  pas- 
sage way  twelve  feet  wide  separating  the  buildings. 

In  the  year  1807  there  were  eighty-nine  houses  in  the  borough,  and  Philip 
Youse  had  built  a  brewery. 

The  next  year,  1808,  the  town  council  was  Alexander  Cobean,  John  Trox- 
ell.  Ralph  Lashells,  Jacob  Ackerman,  William  Buchanan;  Jacob  Acker  ma  a, 
president;  •lame,  Dobbin,  clerk  and  treasurer.  There  had  been  three  houses  put 
up  the  year  ending  June,  1808.  This  was  not  a  very  rapid  growth,  but  the  place 
was  growing.  It  appears  Nicholas  Gelwix  had  become  the  town  brewer.  This 
council  set  apart  Wednesdays  and  Saturdays  as  market  days,  and  enacted  some 
\vs  about  the  inatb  r  of  markets,  going  extensively  into  details.  They 
had  come  of  a  race  of  men  and  were  emerging  from  an  age  when  all  men  be- 
lieved that  the  law-making  power  should  regulate  everything,  even  to  that 
sacred  little  operation  of  a  man  kissing  his  wife  on  Sunday. 

John  Ashbi  |     inted  clerk  of  the  market,  and  it  must  have  occu- 

pied all  ids  time  and  study  to  understand  and  enforce  tho  wonderful  regula- 
tions of  the  o  iuncil. 

In  1809  the  new  council — Michael  Newman,  president;  "Walter  Smith,  John 
Agnew,  William  Kuhns,  H.  G.  Jamison.  The  council  now  held  meetings  in 
Fredrick  Rupley's  house.      James  Dobbin  again  town  clerk  and  treasurer. 

The  people  who  owned  and,  it  is  presumed,  lived  in  their  houses  in  the 
borough  at  this  time  were  Jacob  Ackerman,  John  Ashbaugh,  James  Agnew, 
John  Agnew,  William  Buchanan,  Joseph  Bolton,  Ezekiel  Boring,  Frederick 
( Ihristian  Benner, Alexander  Cobean  (two  houses),  Christian  Chritzman, 
Mathias  Culp  (three  houses),  Christian  Culp,  Joseph  Cooksen,  Henry  Coaser 
(  P),  Abraham  Coppersmith,  Nicholas  Crumbiaugh  (two  houses),  Peter  Creamer, 
James  Dobbin,  Edward  Davies,  Moses  Degraft,  Martin  Ebert,  James  Gettys 
(two  houses).  Robert  Graham,   George  Gelwix,    James  Galloway,   John  Gallo- 


188  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

way,   George  Geyer,  William   Garvin,    George  Gantz,    Sarah  Gilbert, 

Giffin,  Nicholas  Gelwix,  Henry  Hoke  (two  houses;  had  also  a  brewery  and  brick- 
yard), Robert  Hayes.  Hutcheson  &  Newcomer  (store).  Samuel  Hutchinson,  Dr. 
Samuel  Huey,  John  Hughes,  Dr.  Jamison,  John  Jenkins,  William  Kuhns, 
Elizabeth  Keyes,  Barnabas  Kerr,  George  Kerr,  Ralph  Lashells,  Jacob  Lohr, 
Messer  (?).  William  Maxwell,  John  McKelip's  heirs,  John  Myers,  Will- 
iam McClellan,   Markey,    Martin  Markley,    Michael  Newman,   Valentine 

Neisewits  ( ?),  Jacob  Oyler'  s  heirs,  Andrew  Polley,  Samuel  Polly,  George  Pat- 
ser,  Alexander  Russell,  Russell  &  Kerr  (store),  Mary  Riinmel,  Christian  Ribe, 
Adam  Swope,  John  Sweeny  (the  cabinet-maker),  Walter  Smith,  Jacob  Sell 
(two  houses),  Samuel  Sloan,  James  Scott's  heirs  (two  houses),  Jacob  Shroeder, 

John  Troxell,  Jr. .  Jacob  Wertz,   Mary  A.  Weims,  Christian  Wampler, 

Miller,  Adam  Walter,  Henry  Watkins  (had  also  a  brick-yard).  Henry  Wasmas 
(?),  Emanuel  Zeigler.  This  includes  the  entire  list  as  shown  to  pay  tax  in  the 
corporate  limits  on  their  houses.  There  was  quite  a  number  who  paid  taxes  on 
vacant  lots. 

March  19,  1810,  the  Gettysburg  Academy  was  established;  §2,000  was  ap- 
propriated to  it;  one-half  of  this  sum  to  purchase  a  library,  and  the  other  half 
invested  in  productive  property  to  help  pay  the  teachers.  May  1,  this  year, 
Alexander  Russell  elected  burgess.  Town  council — Walter  Smith,  John  Mc- 
Conaughy,  Frederick  Rupley,  Michael  Newman,  Henry  Hoke.  Christian  Mum- 
pier  and  John  Ashbaugh,  street  commissioners;  Jacob  Wertz,  high  constable. 
The  council  appointed  James  Brown  clerk  and  treasurer;  Brown  died  and  Sam- 
uel Hutchinson  was  elected  to  fill  vacancy. 

At  the  next  election,  1811,  the  above  officers  were  re-elected. 

(In  September,  1811,  was  the  first  elephant  circus  ever  on  exhibition  in  Get- 
tysburg. The  entire  show  consisted  of  the  elephant.  The  advertisement  says: 
' '  The  elephant  is  not  only  the  largest  and  most  sagacious  animal  in  the  world, 
but  from  the  peculiar  manner  in  which  it  takes  its  food  and  drink  of  every 
kind  with  its  trunk,  it  is  acknowledged  to  be  the  greatest  natural  curiosity  ever 
offered  to  the  public.  She  will  lay  [sic]  down  and  get  up  at  command.  She 
will  draw  the  cork  from  a  bottle"  [In  these  d&ys  any  of  our  dudes  can  do  this.] 
'  'and  with  her  trunk  will  manage  it  in  such  a  way  as  to  drink  its  contents.  She 
is  eleven  years  old,  and  measures  upward  of  fifteen  feet  from  the  end  of  her 
trunk  to  that  of  her  tail,  ten  feet  around  the  body,  and  upward  of  eight  feet 
high.  Perhaps,"  the  advertisement  continues,  "the  present  generation 
may  never  have  an  opportunity  of  seeing  an  elephant  again,  as  this  is  the  only 
one  in  America,  and  this  perhaps  its  last  visit  to  these  parts. ' '  Imagine,  reader, 
you  could  have  seen  Jumbo  smile  as  Barnum  reads  this  show  bill  to  him. ) 

1812 — George  Kerr,  burgess;  council — Walter  Smith,  Michael  Newman, 
Fred  Rupley,  William  Maxwell,  Mathew  Longwell;  Robert  Hayes  and  John 
Troxell,  Jr.,  street  commissioners.  Hayes  refused  to  accept  the  office  and 
John  Ashbaugh  was  appointed.  Samuel  Pauley  was  high  constable,  Samuel 
Hutchinson,   clerk. 

In  1813  John  Galloway  contracted  "to  pave  the  Diamond"  for  the  sum  of 
from  the  county  and  $180  from  the  borough. 

May  election,  1814,  James  Gettys  elected  burgess;  council — William  Gar- 
vin, John  McConaughy,  Christian  Wampler,  George  Smyser,  John  Troxell, 
Sr. ;  Michael  Newman,  Nicholas  Crombaugli,  commissioners ;  Peter  Sheets, 
constable;  president  of  the  council,  William  Garvin;  Samuel  Hutchinson,  clerk 
and  treasurer;  John  Ashbaugh,  clerk  of  market.  In  1S13  they  paid  the  clerk 
a  salary — $13. 

Property  ownors  of  York  Street,  east  of  the  court  house,  took  steps  in  1814 
to  commence  to  pave  the  street. 


J\  h  WUaQ. 


BORoi  till   OF  GETTYSBURG.  19] 

James  Gettys,  burgess,  died  during  his  term  of  office,  and  March  L8,  L815, 
unci]  elected  James  Dobbin  to  till  the  vaci 

James  Dobbin  elected  burgess,  L815;  town  council  —  \\  illiam Garvin,  John 
Mc<  iy,  John  TroxelLSr.,  Jacob  Eyster,  Barnhart  Gilbert;  George  Smy- 

Ber  and  Nicholas  Crombaugh,  dssioners;   PeterS  table. 

1816     Dol  bed  burgess;   council — William  Garvin,  John  M 

aughy,  John  P.  McFarlane,   Jacob  Eyster,   Barnhart  Gilbert;  George  Smyser 
and  Christian  Wampler,  Btreet  commissioners;  James  Wray,  constable. 

1M  i     Above  burgess  and  count  il  re  elected. 

1818  -William  McPherson,  burgess;  .lames  Wray,  C.  Wampler,  Eenry 
Welsh,   John  McConaughy,  M.  Newman,  council. 

L819     This  year  the  officers  elected  musi  be  freeholders.     A.  Russell,  bur- 
council — John  P.  McPherson  (twelve  votes),  John  Mc- 
Conaughy, Jacob  Eyster,  B.  Gilbert,  George  Hersh  (all  twelve  votes  each);  S. 
Ditterline  and  ('.  Wampler,  street  commissioners. 

1820     McPherson  re-elected  (eleven   votes);  council     McConaughy  (twelve 
.  Bersh  (twelve  votes).  John  Murphy  (ten  votes).  .lames  H.  Miller  (eight 
votes),  and  were   elected.     [Where  was  the  little  busy   ballot  box  stuffer?] 
Christian  Cdlp  and  George  Zeigler  elected  commissioners. 

1822  Alex  Dobbin,  burgess;  council  Thaddeus  Stevens,  Ditterline,  Rob- 
ert  Hunter,  J.  li.  McPherson,  George  Smyser;  commissioners — John  Galloway 
and  James  A.    Thompson. 

1823— William  McClellan,  Jr.,  burgess;  council — George  Sweeny,  C.  S. 
Ditterline.    Robert  Hunter.  John  Hersh,  Samuel  H.    Buehler. 

L824 — Simpson  S.  King,  burgess;  council — John  F.  McFarlane,  Thaddeus 
Stevens.  George  Smyser,  John  Galloway,  Robert  Harper;  street  eommission- 
.  :am  Swope,  John  Hersh;  clerk  and  treasurer — Robert  Smith;  clerk  of 
market — Christian  Chritzman. 

1826— King  reelected  burgess;  council— "William  Gillespie,  John  Mc- 
Farlane, John  B.  McPherson,  George  Sweeny.  George  Zeigler;  street  corn- 
mi—  i  oners  ---Thomas  C.  Reed  and  John  Hersh. 

L827— King  re-elected;  council— John  B.  McPherson,  Thaddeus  Ste- 
vens. David  Zeigler,  Z.  Herbert.  John  Houck. 

L828 — Council— Thomas  C.  Miller,  William  McClellan,  Robert  G.  Harper. 
Andrew  Polly.  John  B.  McPherson.  At  the  first  meeting  of  the  new  council 
McClellan  offered  a  resolution  to  pay  the  clerk  and  treasurer  a  salary  of 
$12.50  per  annum,  and  that  the  members  of  council  serve  without  pay.  The 
council  began  to  order  property  owners  to  pave  sidewalks  in  front  of  property 
in  Second  Square.  And  it  ordered  that  "large  stepping  stones,  raised  three 
inches  above  the  surface,  tilled  in  with  ironstone  broken  fine,  be  placed  across 
the  street  at  Center  Square."  R.  Smith,  so  long  clerk,  now  refused  to  hold 
the  office  longer,  and  Roberl  G.  Harper  was  promoted  to  the  $12.50  salary. 

1829— Simpson  S.  King  still  burgess;  council — John  Runkle,  John  IS  Mc- 
Pherson, Robert  G.  Harper,  Thaddeus  Stevens,  J.  M.  Thompson.  The  first 
act  of  the  new  board  was  to  grant  Mrs.  Winrott  permission  "to  put  up  fixt- 
ures at  the  door  of  her  tavern  for  the  purpose  of  securing  stage  horses  when 
they  arrive  at  the  door."  Stevens  offered  an  ordinance  to  compel  property 
owners  of  property  on  South  Baltimore  Street  from  High  Street  to  the 
borough  line,  "to  pave  in  front  of  said  lots."  June  20,  1829,  council  ap- 
pointed David  Mcllroy  to  wind  the  town  clock  one  year  for  the  sum  of  $5. 

1830 — Council— William  McPherson,  Ephraim  Martin.  Thomas  J.  Cooper, 
David  Little,  John  Slentz.  Robert  Smith  was  again  appointed  clerk  and 
treasurer. 


192  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

1831 — R.  Smith,  burgess;  council — John  Slentz,  David  McCreary,  David 
Ecker,  Adam  Wert,  Thaddeus  Stevens. 

1832 — The  borough  was  divided  into  two  wards,  and  two  watchmen  ap- 
pointed. This  year  Thomas  C.  Miller,  burgess,  and  George  Smyser,  George 
Shyrock.  William  Gillespie,  Jacob  Zeigler,  M.  C.  Clarkson,  council.  This 
year,  in  August,  the  anti-swine-running-at-large  ordinance  was  suspended  for 
sixty  days. 

1833 — Miller  re-elected;  council — George  Smyser,  George  Shyrock,  Will- 
iam Gillespie,  John  Houck.  Adam  Walter. 

1834 — Michael  C.  Clarkson,  burgess;  Simpson  S.  King,  George  Kerr, 
David  McCreary,  John  B.  McPherson,  S.  F.  Forney,  council. 

The  incorporated  borough  had  now  been  growing,  building  and  improving 
for  a  generation.  The  annual  revenue  had  risen  to  31,573.73.  The  tax  books 
this  year  show  there  were  414  persons  who  paid  taxes  in  the  borough. 

L839 — Burgess,  M.  C.  Clarkson;  council — John  Slentz,  Jacob  Culp,  Daniel 
M.  Smyser.  David  McCreary,  George  Arnold;  street  commissioners — Joseph 
Little,  Moses  Degroft. 

In  the  election  of  1840 — Burgess,  David  McCreaiy;  council — John  B.  Mc- 
Pherson, J.  A.  Thompson,  George  Arnold,  Daniel  Baldwin,  Daniel  Culp;  road 
commissioners — Adam  Swope  and  Joseph  Little;  clerk — Robert  G.  Harper; 
attorney — Anthony  B.  Kurtz;  constable — Christian  Stout.  In  October  of  this 
year,  the  council  passed  an  order  to  petition  Legislature  for  authority  to 
borrow  $6,000  to  build  water-works. 

1841 — Burgess — David  McCreary;  council — John  Houck,  William  King, 
William  Baugher,  James  Bower,  John  Gilbert;  street  commissioners — David 
Troxell  and  Jacob  Heck. 

is  12 — Burgess — George  Arnold;  council — John  Houck,  David  Litle,  M. 
C.  Clarkson,  S.  S.  McCreary.  Henry  Rupp. 

1843 — Arnold  re-elected;  council — Robert  Smith,  George  McClellan,  Quin- 
tin  Armstrong,  Hugh  Dunwiddie,  A.  B.  Kurtz. 

is  14 — Arnold  re-elected;  council — John  Houck,  Samuel  H.  Buehler,  Nich- 
olas Codori,  George  Heck,  John  Brown. 

1845 — Burgess — John  B.  McPherson;  council — David  Horner,  William 
Wisotsky,  Peter  Stallsmith.  John  Weigle,  Samuel  McCreaiy. 

L846 — C.  M.  Smyser,  burgess;  council — C.  W.  Hoffman,  William  King, 
John  Winebreuner,  G.  W.  McClellan,  George  Little. 

1847 — James  A.  Thompson,  burgess;  council — R.  W.  McSherry,  David 
Troxell,  J.  B.  McPherson,  W.  Ruthrauff,  Jacob  Worbeck. 

I  S  IS — Burgess — George  Arnold;  council — C.  W.  Hoffman,  D.  M.  Smyser, 
Samuel  McCreary,  William  Baugher,  Thomas  Warren. 

L849 — Burgess — William  King;  council — William  Wisotskv,  John  Gilbert, 
P.  Stallswith,  D.  Heagy,  G.  Little. 

Ivil) — Burgess — John  Culp;  council — John  Scott,  H.  Saltzgarra,  Marcus 
Sampson,  David  Horner,  Samuel  McCreary. 

1851—  Burgess — D.  Middlekoff;  council — H.  Rupp,  J.  F.  Fahnestock, 
John  Houck,  Alexander  Frazier,  James  G.  Vera. 

1852 — Middlekoff  re-elected;  council — Adam  Dawson,  R.  G.  McCreary,  J. 
L.  Tate,  Dr.  R.  Horner,  Jacob  Culp. 

L853 — Burgess — Robert  G.  Harper;  council — John  Gilbert,  John  Rupp, 
John  Culp.  Eden  Norris,  D.  A.  Buehler;  clerk — R.  G.  McCreary. 

L854 — Harper  re-elected.  This  year  members  of  council  were  elected  for 
one,  two  and  three  years,  respectively.  Afterward  all  members  to  be  elected  for 
three  years.      Council,  elected  for  three  years — Hugh  Dunwiddie.  C.  W.  Hoff- 


BOROUGH  OF  GETTVSBURG.  193 

man:  for  two  years— James   A.    Thompson,   S.    R.   Russell;  one  year — J.  F. 
Fahnestock,  ( i.  11.  Su ope. 

Qexl  year  1>.   Kendlehart  was  eleoted  councilman,  and  S.  S.  McSherry 
to  fill  term  of  C.  W.  Hoffman. 

1856  Judging  by  minutes  [no  election  reportod]  the  council  had  in  it 
Gilbert,  Cobean,  Rupp,  Kendlehart  and  Meals.  Next  year  wo  find  Comfort's 
nam.'.      1858,  Samuel  Herbert  was  elected;  also  JohnHerbst. 

1859— Council  [guessing  from  minutes]  was  Thompson,  Sheads,  Comfort, 
Shick.  Herbs!  and  Rupp. 

At  a  special  meeting  of  tin'  council.  April  20,  1801,  it  was  unanimously 
id  to  appropriate  $500  bj  the  borough  toward  the  support  of  the  families 
of  the-,,  who  had  gone  or  were  about  to  go  to  the  war.  The  COIincilmen  who 
passed  tin-  resolution  were  Kendlehart,  Stallsmith,  Garlach  and  Sheads.  The 
seoretarj  of  the  council  was  Jeremiah  Culp.  McClellan  and  Doerson  were 
members  of  the  council  in    1  861. 

1863  --The  old  members  of  the  council  present  at  the  first  meeting:  Stall- 
smith.  Chritzman  and  Garlach.  The  new  members  elect  were  Henry  Rupp 
and  A.  D.  Buehler.  Robert  Martin,  burgess;  Homy  Rupp  elected  president 
of  the  council.  William  13.  McClellan,  of  the  council,  sent  in  his  resignation 
in  which  he  says  he  is  "prostrated upon  a  Ned  of  sickness  from  which  I  am  not 
likely  to  recover;"   whereupon  D.   Kendlehart  was  elected  to  fill  the  place, 

and  lie  was  at  on lected  president  of  the  council;  Jeremiah  Culp,  secrotary 

•  collector,  and  S.  R.  Russell,  treasurer. 

January  13,  1864 — Council  authorized  its  president  to  borrow  §4,000  for 
the  purpose  of  paying  bounties  to  till  the  borough's  quota  in  the  army. 

olved  that  handbills  he  immediately  posted  offering  9100  reward  for 
1  ten  dollars  in  addition  to  every  person  procuring  such  vol- 
unteer." 

In  1865  Council— Rupp,  Lashells,  Wills  and  Martin;  Abram  Scott  elected 
and  refused  to  serve.  W.  C.  Stallsmith  elected  to  the  vacancy.  R.  G.  Me 
Creary,  burgess. 

l v,;  -New  councilmen  elected,  George  A.  Earnshaw,  David  Warren,  Will- 
iam H.  Culp.  In  1M'>7.  the  council  was.  present,  Wills,  Warren,  Culp,  Earn- 
shaw. Spangler  and  Baker. 

January  27.  1868 — Mr.  H.  D.  "Wattles  presented  to  the  borough,  as  a  free 
gift  fr>m  him.  the  elegant  town  clock,  now  in  the  cupola  of  the  court  house. 

1868 — The  new  members  elect  were  \V.  S.  Hamilton,  A.  M.  Hunter;  Alex- 
ami.  •!•  Spangler,  president:  Jeremiah  Culp,  secretary;  S.  R.  Russell,  treasurer. 

1869-  New  councilmen — Jacob  W.  Cress  and  Robert  Tate,  clerk — Frank 
D.  Duphorn,  and  (i.  <;.  Myers,  commissioner. 

18/0— W.    S.    Hamilton,    president  of  council;  J.   Auginbaugh,   secretary 
(and  i.-  still  secretary,  1886);   S.  R.  Russell,  treasurer;  Daniel  ('ashman,  com- 
>r;  J.  L.  Hill,  burgess.     Robert  Tate,  of  the  council,  died  in  1870.     A. 
M.  Hunter  was  elected  to  till  the  vacancy. 

In  October,   1871,  immediately   after  the  great  Chicago  fire,  a  large  town 
meeting  was  held  and  the  council  was  requested  to  consider  the  subject  of 
r  $500  to  the  sufferers.     The  peoplo  were  eager  to  go  to  the  relief  of 
■  i  fortunate  friends,  but  the  council,  after  duo  consideration,  and  exam- 
ination of  the  condition  of  the  town  treasury,    doubted  their  ability  and  legal 
right  to  make  the  donation. 

March  18,  1S72,  Hunter  and  Chritzman  retired  and  Fahnestock,  Buehler 
and  Tate  took  their  seat-  a-  members  of  the  new  council,  August  27,  of  this 
year.      John  L.  Hill  resigned  the  office  of  burgess.      T.  C.  Norris,  councilman, 


194  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

also  resigned;  David  Wills  apppointed  bis  successor.  C.  H.  Buehler  resigned 
as  president  of  council,  and  David  Wills  was  elected. 

1873 — Council — Fahnestock,  Buehler,  Tate,  Gilbert  and  Stoner.  Treas- 
urer— Charles  A.  Boyer. 

1874 — Gilbert,  Buehler  and  Samuel  K.  Foulk  were  the  new  councilmen. 
David  Wills  again  president;  Samuel  Bushman,  auditor.  John  Gilbert  resigned 
from  the  council,  and  J.  Wolf  was  elected.  September,  1874,  David  Wills 
resigned  from  council.  John  L.  Tate  was  elected  president.  Burgess  John 
M.  Krauth  resigned  November,  1874. 

1876 — Col.  C.  H.  Buehler,  burgess ;  councilmen  elected — George  H.  Swope, 
John  Winebreimer  and  J.  Skelly;  David  Wills,  president.  Skelly  was  ap- 
pointed to  fill  a  vacancy  caused  by  the  resignation  of  Fred.  Wisotzsky. 

1877 — W.  B.  Meals,  burgess;  and  John  M.  Huber  and  George  B.  Manfort, 
councilmen  elect. 

1S78 — David  Kendlehart,  burgess ;  George  H.  Swope,  president  of  the  coun- 
cil; Johnston  Skelly  and  W.  H.  Rupp,  councilmen  elect.  March  24.  1878, 
council  appointed  Hans  David  Wills  and  R.  G.  McCreary  a  committee  to  re- 
ceive the  President  of  the  United  States  and  other  distinguished  visitors.  This 
year  Hugh  D.  Scott  was  appointed  treasurer;  Jeremiah  Culp  was  elected  after- 
ward as  treasurer. 

1879 — Jacob  Kitzmiller,  burgess;  new  councilmen — H.  D.  Scott  and  Will- 
iam D.  Holtzworth.      J.  Skelly,  elected  president;   Jeremiah  Culp,  treasurer. 

1880 — W.  H.  Bayly,  burgess,  Henry  Overdeer,  assistant  burgess;  Dr.  T. 
T.  Tate,  Charles  E.  Armor,  L.  H.  Stallsmith,  W.  I.  Martin,  Peter  Overdeer, 
council;  J.  H.  Skelly,  president. 

1881 — W.  S.  Shrceder,  burgess;  councilmen  elect — T.  T.  Tate,  F.  Ramer, 
Rufus  E.  Culp;  treasurer — W.  H.  Bayly;  superintendent  of  streets — David 
Warren;  police — M.  L.  Gulp;- David  Wills,  attorney;  M.  L.  Culp,  high  con- 
stable. 

1882 — W.  S.  Shroeder,  burgess;  Calvin  Hamilton,  assistant;  and  Samuel 
Herbst,  John  Culp,  Abraham  Hoke,  W.  J.  Martin,  council;  M.  L.  Culp,  constable; 
W.  H.  Bayly,  treasurer;  Samuel  Mc.  Swope,  attorney.  Bayly  resigned  and 
H.  B.  Danner  was  elected  treasurer.  The  next  year  Danner  resigned  and  J. 
W.  Kendlehart  was  elected.  In  1883 — J.  E.  Bair,  president  of  council;  Hake, 
Wilson,  Herbst,  Wible,  Ramer  and  Bingham,  council.  This  year  R.  J. 
McCreary,  burgess. 

In  August,  1883,  the  ordinance  accepting  the  offers  of  the  water  company 
for  the  building  of  the  new  water-works  was  accepted  by  the  county  and  the 
contract  made  and  signed  November  10,    following. 

1884— W.  H.  Tipton,  burgess;  P.  J.  Tawney,  E.  H.  Minnich,  R.  E.  Cidp, 
F.  S.  Ramer,  new  members  council  elect.  The  council  then  stood  the  above 
and  N.  G.  Wilson,  Samuel  Herbst,  J.  E.  Wible,  W.  F.  Martin;  street  commis- 
sioner— John  Winebrenner;  S.  Mc.  Swope, attorney;  J.  W. Kendlehart, treasurer. 

1885 — Tipton  re-elected;  assistant  burgess — H.  B.  Danner;  new  members 
of  council — Jacob  Plank,  George  Shriver,  Samuel  Ridinger.  Officers  of  last 
year  continued,  and  old  police. 

1880 — Tipton  re-elected;  Calvin  Hamilton,  assistant;  council  newly  elected 
— J.  Emory  Bair  (re-elected),  Calvin  Gilbert.  John  M.  Tate.  The  hold-over 
members  are  F.  S.  Ramer,  Jacob  Plank,  E.  H.  Minnich,  George  Shriver,  P. 
J.  Tawney,  Samuel  Ridinger. 

WATER     COMPANIES. 

In  August.  1S22,  Thaddeus  Stevens,  a  councilman,  offered  a  resolution  to 
contract  for  water  supply  for  the  town,  to  be  furnished  in  hydrants,  for  the  sum 


BOROUGH  OF  GETTYSBURG.  195 

of  $200.  TMs  year.  November,  the  council  elected  George  Smyser  to  fill  the 
unexpired  term  of  Alexander  Dobbin,  deceased. 

Thaddeua  Stevens  continued  to  press  the  subject  of  water-works,  on  the  at- 
tention of  his  follow  councilmen.    It  was  greatly  through  his  efforts  thai  the  old 

water  works  and  reservoir  wer instructed,  and  pipes  laid  from  the  spring  on 

the  side  of  Baltimore  Street.  For  many  years  these  answered  all  purposes,  but 
in  the  course  of  time  the  wants  and  growth  of  the  town  caused  the  present  wa- 
ter works  to  be  put  up  by  a  private  company,  and  now  Gettysburg  is  supplied 
with  a  great  abundance  of  the  purest  and  best  of  water.  The  stranger  who 
visits  the  place,  tastes  its  water,  visits  the  waterworks  and  sees  the  pure  crystal 
fountain  in  the  reservoir  that  is  pumped  from  an  inexhaustible  lake  that  is 
covered  bj  seventy  feet  of  granite  rooting,  to  him  this  is  one  of  the  attractive 
features  of  the  place.  Certainly  no  place  in  the  world  is  more  favored  in  this 
respect  than  ( irtt  \  sburg. 

The  new  water-works  were  put  up  and  completed  in  the  summer  of  1883; 
the  work  commenced  in  the  fall  of  1882. 

FIRE    COMPANIES. 

The  council  ordered  fire  companies  to  form  as  early  as  1808.  An  engine 
was  provided  and  an  ax,  bucket  and  hook  and  ladder  companies  were  pro- 
vided for.  The  people  of  the  place  were  naturally  lire  fighters.  The  original 
companies  had  but  ]K>or  means  or  implements  to  fight  fires  successfully,  but 
the  people  would  rally  upon  the  fust  alarm  and  with  buckets  conquer  every 
lire  nearly,  and  at  least  in  every  case  save  the  adjoining  property.  No  residence 
was  burned  down  for  over  eighty  years  after  the  founding  of  the  town.  An 
inviting  fact  for  lire  insurance  companies.  In  January  of  the  present  year 
(1880)  an  elegant  fire  engine  was  purchased,  and  under  Capt.  Calvin  Gilbert 
an  effective  company  is  now  organized. 

The  first  engine  house  was  built  in  1809.  It  was  sold  in  1830  for  §12,  and 
in  1822  the  council  ordered  the  building  of  a  new  one,  "to  be  28  feet  long,  8 
feet  wide,  12  feet  high  in  front  and  8  feet  in  the  rear,  to  bo  weatherboarded, 
the  boards  to  be  planed  and  painted  white,  and  the  front  lettered  'Engine 
House.'"  It  was  on  the  lot  between  Evan's  store  and  Widow  Chamberlain's 
lot.     The  engine  called  "Guard"  was  purchased  July,   1830. 


The  first  movement  toward  establishing  a  bank  in  this  place  was  taken  by 
Alexander  Col  lean  in  1813.  He  became  the  president,  and  opened  books  for 
stock  subscriptions  in  Gettysburg,  Millerstown,  Littlostown,  Oxford,  Abbotts 
town,  Berlin,  Petersburg,  Hunterstown,  New  Chester,  Taneytown,  and  at 
Arendt's.  Hapke's,  Black's  and  Hanover.  The  original  commissioners  ap- 
pointed to  organize  the  bank  were  Alexander  Cobean,  James  Gettys,  Ralph 
La-hells.  Jacob  Eyster,  Bernhart  Gilbert,  William  Maxwell.  Michael  Newman, 
Robert  Hayes.  M.  Miller,  George  Smyser.  This  was  the  first  application  to 
start  a  bank  under  the  law  just  passed  authorizing  banks.  At  the  first  election 
of  directors  of  the  bank  were  chosen  A.  Cobean,  James  Gettys,  Walter  Smith, 
Hayes,  Ralph  Lashells,  Jacob  Eyster,  Bernhart  Gilbert,  of  Gettysburg; 
and  Andrew  Will.  Littlostown,  Amos  Maginly.  Midorstown;  Michael  Slagle. 
Conowago:  John  Dickson,  Straban;  William  Wierman,  Latimore;  Patrick 
Reid,  Emmittsburg.  President,  Alexander  Cobean;  cashier,  John  B.  Mc- 
Pherson.  Lank  regularly  opened  for  business  May  31,  ]s  1 1  ;  boursfrom  10  A.  M. 
to  1  P.  M.  This  institution  has  successfully  weathered  the  financial  storm  for 
the  past  three-quarters  of  a  century.     Its  present   officers  are  Dr.    John  A. 


19(3  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

Swope    (congressman),   president;  J.    Emory  Bair,   cashier,   and  Charles  M. 
McCurdy,  teller. 

The  First  National  Bank  of  Gettysburg  was  organized  in  February,  1864, 
with  George  Throne,  president,  the  present  officer;  George  Arnold  was  first 
cashier,  Samuel  Bushman,  teller.  Arnold  retired  in  1873,  and  Maj.  H.  S. 
Benner  succeeded  and  retained  the  office  until  1875,  when  Maj.  K.  Bell,  pres- 
ent cashier,  succeeded  him.      Capital  stock  8100,000. 

SEMINARY    AND    COLLEGE. 

Full  mention  is  made  in  the  chapter  on  education  of  the  Theological  Semi- 
nary and  Pennsylvania  College. 

CHURCHES. 

Presbyterian  Church  (Rev.  J.  K.  Demarest,  pastor),  of  Gettysburg,  is 
closely  identified  with  the  history  of  the  people  of  this  county  from  its  earli- 
est settlement.  The  first  building  was  erected  in  the  vicinity  of  Black' s  grave-yard 
where  there  was  a  settlement  of  the  Dutch  Reformed  people  in  1738.  The  church 
was  probably  organized  in  1740;  the  "  meeting-house  "  was  built  about  1747.  It 
was  known  as  the  Great  Conowago  and  Marsh  Creek  Church.  Rev.  Caven 
was  "stated  supply"  in  1740.  In  1741  the  congregation  petitioned  to  be  rid 
of  their  proacher,  because  ' '  when  Mr.  Caven  is  abroad  a  bad  story  invariably 
comes  back  after  him."  For  some  years  this  people  worshiped  in  private 
houses  or  under  "  God's  first  temples."  Andrew  Bay  was  long  supposed  to 
have  been  the  first  resident  pastor,  but  this  was  an  error,  probably  from  the 
split  in  the  church  of  the  "Old  Side"  and  "New  Side."  Rev.  Joseph  Tate 
was  the  first  ministerial  call  to  Great  Conowago,  in  1748,  then  Robert  McMor- 
die;  in  1767  Rev.  James  Long,  then  Joseph  Rhea,  Samuel  Kennedy.  The 
latter  was  doubted  by  the  authorities  as  to  his  opinions,  and  he  was  refused 
to  the  church.  The  Presbytery  said  he  was  "  tinctured  with  New  Light  senti- 
ments." Poor  Kennedy  was  tried  for  being  an  Lishman,  in  reality,  but  they 
called  it  ' '  laying  too  much  stress  on  external  and  internal  holiness. ' '  The 
ghostly  trial  was  had.  The  most  wonderful  thing  about  it  now  is  the  synopsis 
of  the  testimony  as  it  is  furnished  by  the  records,  of  the  persons  who  had 
heard  him  preach,  and  would,  under  oath,  give  the  substance  of  his  remarks 
and  arguments,  on  the  most  wonderful  and  dry  est  dogmas  months  after  they  had 
sat  in  the  cheerless  church  and  heard  them.  They  could  repeat  the  text  and  give 
a  synopsis  of  his  so-called  arguments  under  each  of  the  many  headings.  This 
trial  and  testimony  is  a  flood  of  light  upon  the  religious  ideas,  subjects  and 
manners  of  the  times.  Among  the  witnesses  called  were  Capt,  McPherson, 
Samuel  McConaughy,  Quintin  Armstrong. 

In  1772  Rev.  Robert  Huey  was  asked  for  by  the  congregation.  The  Pres- 
bytery, because  he  was  an  Irishman,  subjected  him  to  the  most  rigid  examina- 
tion on  "the  more  important  articles  of  the  Christian  religion,  wherein  the 
Calvinists  and  Armenians  differ;"  and  he  did  not  pass  the  ordeal.  Rev.  John 
Black  was  in  charge  in  1775.  He  was  the  ablest  man  probably  in  charge  of 
this  church;  continued  many  years,  and  was  greatly  respected.  He  replaced 
the  old  log  church  with  the  large  stone  one  in  1780.  In  1781  the  Presbytery 
met  in  this  then  magnificent  building.  A  great  incident  came  before  this 
body.  Two  young  ladies  of  the  congregation  were  at  outs.  The  great  diffi- 
culty in  the  case  was  they  were  both  "most  highly  connected."  each  claiming 
kinship  with  either  preacher  or  elder.  In  fact  they  were  so  high  in  their  fam- 
ily connection  and  influence  that  the  session  had  no  jurisdiction*  and  there- 
fore it  came  directly  to  the  Presbytery.      It  was  in  the  end  the  common  female 


BOROUGH  OF  GETTYSBURG.  197 

trouble  of  tea  tattling.  The  young  lady  was  found  guilty  of  an  unruly  tongue 
and  was  ordered  up  to  receive  a  public  reprimand.  In  IT  II  a  minister  was 
tried  by  the  Presbytery  for  drunkenness.  He  was  acquitted,  and  the  reoord 
says:  "We  cannot  find  cause  to  judge  Mr.  Lyon  guilty  of  anything  like  excess 
in  drinking.  *  *  But  inasmuch  as  his  behavior  had  so  many  circum- 
stances and  symptoms  of  drunkenness,  and  inasmuch. as  he  did  not  make  any 

.  or  allege  it  proc led  Erom  sickness,  we  judge  that  ho  is  censurable,  and 

end  that  the  small  quantity  of  liquor  which  Mr.  Lyon  might 
have  drank  might  produce  the  above  effect  after  his  coming  in  out  of  the  ex- 
treme cold  into  a  warm  house  near  the  fire,  we  do  aot  find  sufficient  cause  to 
condemn  him  for  drunkenness."  At  the  next  meeting  of  the  Presbytery  this 
same  Rev.  Lyon  was  tried,  condemned  and  convicted  "for  whistling  on  the 
Sabbath,  conduct  indicating  vacuity  of  thought  and  a  disposition  at  variance 
with  the  proper  spirit  of  the  Lord's  day." 

The  good  and  reverend  Black  introduced  tho  first  temperance  society  in 
this  part  of  the  world.  It  was  very  mild,  not  prohibiting  the  use  of  liquor, 
but  simplj  to  stop  excessive  drunkenness.  He  only  could  induce  three  of  his 
congregation  to  sign,  and  the  end  -non  came  in. Mr.  Black  being  deposed  from 
his  church  for  his  pains. 

In  L813  it  was  determined  so  sell  the  church  and  remove  to  Gettysburg. 
Dr.  McCanaughy,  long  in  charge  of  the  church,  an  eminent  divine  and  edu- 
cator, resigned  in  L832  to  take  the  presidency  of  Washington  College,  which 
place  he  ably  filled  until  October,  1849.  He  died  January  29,  L852.  A 
church  was  built  in  Gettysburg,  and  here  the  congregation  has  worshiped  since. 
In  1840  the  new  and  present  church  was  completed. 

Dutch  Church  of  Conowago.  This  church  in  its  entirety  was 
i  by  the  Dutch  with  them  from  Holland.  The  site  of  their  first  church 
was  on  what  is  now  the  York  pike,  two  miles  east  of  Hunterstown,  and  down 
the  pike  to  the  Two  Taverns — long  known  as  the  Low  Dutch  Road.  In  March, 
L817,  the  Legislature  authorized  the  congregation  to  sell  their  property,  which 
was  done,  and  the  church  dissolved  and  merged  into  the  Presbyterian  Church. 
The  congregation  had  had  internal  dissensions,  a  split  at  one  time,  but  the 
chief  cause  of  its  winding  up  its  affairs  was  the  fact  that  the  Dutch  wore 
a  migrating  people. 

The  Dutch  emigration  from  Adams  County  commenced  in  1800 — in  two 
directions,  north  and  west.  Daniel  Boone  was  a  native  of  Bucks  County, 
Penn.,  born  in  1735.  He  was  the  pioneer  that  led  the  way  to  Kentucky  in 
that  time  only  inhabited  by  the  red  man.  He  was  in  Kentucky  in  L769,  and 
founded  the  site  of  Boonesboro,  where  he  lived  until  L792.  Following  him  to 
the  In  lian  lands  tho  first  to  go  were  some  of  the  Dutch  from  Conowago.  Col- 
lins, in  his  "History  of  Kentucky,"  says:  '-'The  first  Dutch  emigration  to 
Kentucky,  in  a  group  or  company,  was  in  1781,  to  White  Oak  Springs 
Station,  on  the  Kentucky  River,  one  mile  above  Boonesboro.  Among  the 
emigrant-  were  Henry  Banta.  Jr..  Abraham  and  John  Banta,  Samuel,  Peter, 
Daniel,  Henry  and  Albert  Duryee,  Peter  Cosart  or  Casad  (Cassat)  Fredrick 
Riperdan  and  John  Fluetz  (Yeury)."  These  names  are  all  familiar  name.-  in 
Adams  County.  It  tells  very  plainly  where  they  were  from.  This  was  the 
commencement  of  the  stream  that  poured  into  Kentucky  from  Pennsylvania 
for  many  year-. 

These  men  had  come  through  the  trackless  wilderness  to  this  place,  where 
they  paused  a  few  year-,  recuperated  and  simply  continued  their  western  jour- 
ney, starting  the  stream  of  immigration  to  the  great  Mississippi  Valley,  where 
this  century  has  witnessed  the  most  wonderful  human   development  the  world 


198  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

ever  saw.  Guided  by  the  north  star,  by  the  streams  and  mountain  passes,  by 
the  moss  growing  on  a  particular  side  of  the  trees,  by  their  keenly  whetted 
senses  of  the  deej)  tangled  wildwood,  they  successfully  piloted  their  way, 
easily  overcoming  difficulties  that  in  this  day  and  age  would  be  simply  appall- 
ing. Silent,  obscure,  illiterate  men,  wandering  nomads  upon  the  earth's  waste 
places,  poor  in  this  world's  goods,  uncultured  and  without  a  particle  of  ambi- 
tion, but  in  all  the  history  of  great  deeds  by  great  men  who  were  their  supe- 
riors ?  Stern  and  silent,  full  of  religious  zeal  and  childish  superstitions  and 
fears,  often  disputatious,  dogmatic  and  domineering  over  inferiors  or  equals; 
independent,  brave  unto  death,  never  knowing  fear  of  anything  mortal,  and 
cowering  in  agony  at  conjured  shadows  from  another  world,  their  works 
alone  can  fitly  symbolize  their  glorious  immmortality.  They  were  our  nation 
builders.  They  laid  the  enduring  foundations  of  this  remarkable  civilization. 
The  men  "  in  undressed  jerkins  and  the  good  dames  handling  the  spindle  and 
the  flax"  were  the  world's  truly  great  heroes  and  heroines.  Immortal  men 
and  women!  We  cherish  thy  sacred  memories,  adore  thy  noble  works  and 
would  reverently  gather  thy  ashes  to  be  kept  forever  as  a  token  and  talisman 
for  all  generations  and  all  time.  The  other  branch  that  immigrated  to  New 
York  in  1793  were  led  by  the  Brinkerhoff's.  They  settled  in  what  is  now 
Cayuga  County.  And  thus  the  names  of  these  early  Dutch  settlers  have  be- 
come known  in  nearly  all  the  States. 

Christ's  (Evangelical  Lutheran)  Church. — It  is  not  known  when  this  church 
was  organized  in  Gettysburg.  It  was  here  in  1789  in  "an  old  log  schoolhouse" 
on  the  corner  of  High  and  Stratton  Streets.  In  1811  a  church  was  put  up. 
The  earliest  church  records  now  obtainable  date  1819.  Rev.  Herbst  was 
pastor  until  1829,  succeeded  by  Revs.  Charles  Weyl  and  F.  Ruthrauff.  In 
1835  the  lot  now  occupied  was  secured,  and  the  church  building  erected.  The 
pastors  were  Rev.  Benjamin  Keller,  1839;  Rev.  J.  H.  Smith,  who  was  succeeded 
by  Rev.  H.  L.  Baugher,  who  continued  until  1S52,  and  Rev.  Dr.  Schmucker 
officiated.  In  1855  he  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  Dr.  Krauth,  who  served  until 
1861,  when  Dr.  Baugher  was  again  put  in  charge.  In  1866  Rev.  C.  A.  Hay 
succeeded.      This  is  generally  known  as  the  College  Church. 

Episcopal  Church. — This  society  was  started  by  Rev.  Henry  L.  Phillips, 
in  June,  1875,  and  a  temporary  chapel  built  in  1876,  Rev.  J.  H.  Marsden 
in  charge,  succeeded  by  Rev.  E.  A.  Tortal. 

Catholic  Church. — The  church  building  was  commenced  in  1826,  under  the 
direction  of  the  Superiors  of  Conowago  Chapel.  Father  Lewis  De  Barth  was 
first  in  charge  as  visitor,  then  Father  Mathew  Leken.  In  1831  the  church 
not  yet  completed;  May  18th  the  building  was  struck  by  lightning.  Father 
Michael  Dougherty  officiated  alternatelv  with  Father  Leken  until  1813.  From 
1830  to  1851  Fathers  Kendler,  George  Villiger,  V.  H.  Barber  and  F.  X.Denecker 
were  the  visiting  priests.  The  new  brick  church  on  High  Street  was  built  in 
1852,  under  the  care  of  Father  J.  B.  Cotting.  At  this  time  the  Jesuits  passed 
the  church  over  to  the  Bishop  of  Philadelphia;  then  the  pastor  became  a  resi- 
dent of  Gettysburg.  Soon  after  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  1863,  Rev.  Joseph 
A.  Boll  was  placed  in  charge,  and  he  is  the  present  pastor. 

Methodist  Episcopal  Clinrch  (John  Yrooman,  pastor). — There  were  thirty 
members  of  this  church  in  Gettysburg,  in  1818.  A  small  house  on  Baltimore 
Street  was  rented  and  Rev.  Van  Orsdel  officiated,  followed  by  Rev.  Wesley 
Woods.  The  church  was  built  on  Middle  Street  in  1822.  The  rear  portion 
of  the  lot  was  used  as  a  burying  ground  until  Evergreen  Cemetery  was  made  in 
L854.  A  Sunday-school  was  started  in  1826;  Ezekiel  Buckingham,  superin- 
tendent and  George  Walsh,  assistant.    In  1835  a  parsonage  was  purchased:  this 


J.Ur.G,  &Vi^<Z 
c /,■- — _____ 


BOROTGH   OF   GETTYSBURG.  201 

was  sold  in  1856  and  the  present  parsonage  secured.  The  new  church  as  it 
now  stands  was  Imilt  in  1872. 

Reformed  I  'hurch. — This  was  organized  and  placed  under  tin'  care  of  Rev. 

George  Troldenier  in  the  year    L79D;   at  first  in    "an  old  log  scl lhouse." 

and  this  being  too  small  fchey  held  worship  in  the  court  house.  They 
then  united  with  the  St.  James  Lutheran  Church,  and  in  181  I  the  two  erected 
the  "  Union  Brick  Church,"  on  the  corner  of  High  and  Stratton  Streets.     In 

L815  Rev.  John  Runklewas  in  charge,  su eded  l>\  Dr.  Sehall'.  and  he  by  Dr. 

Harbaugh.  To  this  time  service-,  were  held  in  the  German  language.  Rev. 
David  Bossier  was  in  charge  for  six  years.  Then  the  field  was  vacant  two  years, 
trying  all  the  time  to  find  a  preacher  who  could  preach  alternately  in  German 
and  English  on  a  salary  of  1  It"),  finally  Rev.  B.  S.  Schneck  was  secured.  The 
church  was  empt}  from  L835to  L838.  Rev.  Samuel  Gutelius  then  came  and 
remained  until  1843,  when  E.  V.  Gerhart  came;  then  Rev.  Jacob  Zeigler. 
The  congregation  now  purchased  the  St.  .lames  Lutheran  interest  in  the  church 
building.  The. building  was  enlarged  and  re-dedicated  June,  1862.  Rev. 
Buoher  resigned  in  1863,  and  Rev.  Deatrich  became  pastor,  and  he  was  suc- 
ceeded bv  Rev.  Dr.  M.  Kieffer. 


Good  Samaritan  Lodge,  No.  200,  F.  &  A.  M,  was  instituted  January  1, 
1825.  The  original  officers  were  Sampson  S.  King,  W.  M. ;  Robert  Gooclloe 
Harper.  S.  W. :  Thomas  C.  Reed.  J.  W. ;  George  W.  King,  Sec.  Charter  mem- 
bers: Sampson  S.  King.  Robert  G.  Harper,  Thomas  C.  Reed,  George  W.  King, 
Francis  Leas,  Thomas  C.  Miller.  In  1832  the  great  wave  of  Thad.  Stevens'  anti- 
Masonic  war  struck  this  part  of  the  country,  and  January  7  of  that  year  the  Good 
Samaritan  Lodge  suspended  its  meetings  and  surrendered  its  charter.  Robert 
Goodloe Harper  took  charge  of  all  the  papers  and  carefully  preserved  them,  say- 
ing to  his  brothers  that  he  expected  to  live  to  reorganize  the  lodge  and  that  it 
would  grow  strong  and  flourish.  Time  verified  his  fondest  hopes.  This 
anti-Masonic  war  was  ephemeral — it  controlled  one  election.  The  lodge  was 
revived  and  reorganized  January  23,  1860,  and  then  the  number  of  the  lodge 
was  changed  to  330,  but  no  other  change  in  name.  The  officers  of  the  new 
organization  were  Robert  Goodloe  Harper,  W.  M. ;  Edward  G.  Fahnestock, 
S.  W.;  Henry  B.  Danner,  J.  W. ;  Joel  B.  Danner,  Treas. ;  William  A.  Dun- 
can, Sec.  The  charter  members:  Robert  Goodloe  Harper,  Edward  G.  Fahne- 
stock, H.  B.  Danner,  Joel  B.  Danner.  AVilliam  A.  Duncan,  Henry  S.  Benner, 
Samuel  K.  Foulk.  John  Geiselman.  Present  officers:  John  C.  Felty,  W.  M. ; 
W.  H.  Tipton,  S.  W. ;  Calvin  Hamilton,  J.  W. ;  William  T.  Zeigler,  Treas. ; 
Daniel  A.  Skelly,  Sec.      The  present  membership  is  seventy-one. 

Masonic  Chapter,  F.  &  A.  M.,  was  organized  March  23,  1886.  Officers: 
Daniel  A.  Skelly,  H.  P. ;  H.  D.  Scott,  K. ;  Winfield  S.  Shroder,  S. :  Henry  S. 
Benner,  Treas.;  Charles  H.  Ruff,  Sec.  The  charter  members:  Charles  P. 
Gettier,  W.  D.  Holtzworth,  Daniel  A.  Skelly,  Hugh  D.  Scott.  Charles  H. 
Ruff,  Winfield  Shroder,  Hanson  P.  Mark,  W.  T.  Zeigler,  Henry  S.  Benner. 

Cayugaa  Tribe,  Improved  Order  of  Red  Men,  No.  31,  was  organized 
June  25,  1854.  The  present  officers:  F.  M.  Garlach.  Sachem:  Peter 
Thorn,  Sr.,  Sagamore;  E.  K.  Gulp,  Jr.  Sagamore;  C.  H.  Stallsmith,  C.  of  R. ; 
AVilliam  N.  Miller.  Asst.  C.  of  R. ;  D.  Kitzrniller,  K.  of  W.  Trustees:  T.  J. 
Stahle.  J.  W.  Flaharty,  C.  B.  Shields.  The  charter  members:  John  L.  Holtz- 
worth, AV.  B.  AVauk,  Samuel  AVeaver,  Obidiah  Beard,  Henry  Hughes,  Thomas 
F.  Frazier,  S.  AV.  Kale,  Michael  Meals,   John  Peter  Hoffman.    J.  H.  Skelly, 


202  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

Henry  G.  Karr,  B.  G.  HaUebaugh,  Jesse  Ebert,  William  Trickel,  Thomas 
Warren,  Augustus  Schwartz,  Nicholas  Weaver,  Jacob  Rinehart,  James  W. 
Shultz,  James  N.  Shruekhise,  John  J.  Burbell,  T.  T.  Titus,  John  Sellers, 
Isaac  Heitshue,  Henry  G.  Wolf,  Dr.  J.  L.  Hill,  G.  A.  Long.  The  officers  of 
the  original  organization  were  John  Burbell,  Sachem;  Henry  G.  Cave,  Sr. 
Sagamore;  John  L.  Holtzworth,  Jr.  Sagamore;  Henry  G.  Wolf,  C.  of  R.; 
Samuel  Weaver,  K.  of  W. 

I.  0.  O.  F. — Present  officers:  J.  H.  Fleming,  N.  G. ;  Robert  D.  Armor, 
V.  G. ;  Charles  H.  Ruff,  Sec;  William  C.  Stallsmith,  Asst.  Sec;  J.  L. 
Shick,  Treas.      Trustees:  Robert  D.  Armor,  Jeremiah  Culp,  W.  T.  Zeigler. 

Union  Encampment  was  instituted  October  3,  1857.  First  members  C.  H. 
Buehler,  J.  H.  Culp,  G.  W.  Stover,  N.  Weaver,  J.  L.  Shick.  Officers  at  the 
organization:  J.  L.  Hill,  C.  P.:  William  B.  Meals,  J.  W. ;  John  Winebren- 
ner,  S.  W. ;  Robert  D .  Armor,  H.  P. ;  Charles  X.  Martin,  Sec. ;  John  Rupp, 
Treas.  Present  officers:  W.  N.  Miller,  C.  P. ;  Charles  Zeigler,  S.  W. ;  W. 
C.  Stallsmith.  S. ;  David  Kitzmiller.  Treas. ;  Robert  D.  Armor,  H.  P.  The 
I.  O.  O.  F.  lodge  was  instituted  August  18,  1845.  The  officers  first  installed 
were  W.  P.  Bell,  N.  G. ;  John  G.  Baker,  V.  G. ;  George  W.  Bowen,  S. ; 
Robert  D.  Armor,  A.  S. ;  Samuel  Yingling,  Treas. 

Corporal  Skelly  Post  No.  9,  Department  of  Pennsylvania  G.  A.  R.,  of 
Gettysburg,  was  among  the  first  posts  organized  in  Pennsylvania.  It  was 
named  in  honor  of  Corp.  Johnston  H.  Skelly,  of  Company  F,  Eighty-seventh 
Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry,  who  was  wounded  at  the  battle 
of  Carter's  Woods,  near  Winchester,  Va. ,  on  the  15th  of  June,  1863,  and 
died  in  the  hospital  at  Winchester  on  the  12th  of  July,  1863.  The  first 
organization  did  not  exist  very  long,  owing  to  political  dissensions  in  the 
post,  and  the  charter  was  surrendered.  In  September,  1872,  the  post  was 
reorganized  with  its  original  name  and  number,  but  did  not  increase  in  mem- 
bership very  fast  (having  only  about  forty-five  members)  until  the  year  1879, 
when  the  prejudices  which  had  existed  for  some  time  in  this  locality  against 
the  G.  A.  R.  were  removed  and  applicants  began  to  come  in  very  fast  for  admit- 
tance to  the  order,  and  the  membership  was  increased  until  the  present  time 
(1886)  it  numbers  103  members.  After  its  reorganization  the  post  held  its 
meetings  in  the  three-story  building  nearly  opposite  the  court  house  until 
March,  1880,  when  the  members  purchased  the  old  Methodist  Church  on  East 
Middle  Street,  which  was  remodeled  and  fitted  up  for  a  post  room,  the  walls  of 
which  are  all  hung  with  fine  pictures,  comprising  battle  scenes,  views  of  dif- 
ferent battle  fields,  photographs  of  members  of  the  post,  and  votes  of  thanks 
from  the  department  of  Pennsylvania  G.  A.  R.,  and  different  posts  of  this 
and  other  States.  The  post  owns  a  very  fine  collection  of  relics  gathered 
from  Gettysburg,  and  other  battle  fields.  The  commander's  pedestal  is  made 
from  a  section  of  a  hickory  tree  cut  along  the  bank  of  Willoughby's  Run 
(the  scene  of  the  first  day's  battle  of  Gettysburg),  with  a  Hotchkiss  shell  stick- 
ing in  the  center  of  it,  and  the  top  is  a  piece  of  dressed  granite  from  the 
woods  in  front  of  Round  Top.  Another  relic  in  the  post  room  is  a  small  can- 
non, weighing  150  pounds,  with  one  and  one-half  inch  bore,  made  from  one  of 
the  guns  of  Henry's  North  Carolina  rebel  batteries,  which  exploded  during 
the  battle  of  Gettysburg  in  front  of  Round  Top.  The  post  also  owns  the  chair 
belonging  to  Gen.  Ewell,  and  which  he  left  in  his  hurry  to  get  away  from  Gettys- 
burg. It  was  presented  to  the  post  by  a  former  citizen  of  the  town,  Hiram 
Warren  (deceased).  The  following  are  the  names  of  the  post  commanders: 
Rev.  Jesse  B.  Young,  N.  G.  Wilson,  Robert  Bell,  Theodore  C.  Norris,  J.  W. 
Cress,  S.  R.  Andrews,  J.  Jefferson  Myers,  H.  S.  Buehler,  C.  E.  Armor,  Will- 
iam E.  Cidp,  John  Orr,  J.  E.  Wible,  William  T.  Ziegler,  S.  H.  Eicholtz,  W. 
H.  H.  Pierce,  William  D.   Holtzworth  and  J.  H.  Skelly.       The  following  are 


BOROI  GH  OF  GETTYSBURG.  203 

the  officers  of  the  Post  for  1886:    Com.    V.   M    Detrick;   S.  V.  C. ,  H.  W.  Light- 
ner;.J.  V.  ('..  John  G.  Prey;  Adjt.,   Thad.  L.  Welty;  Q.    M..    \.  <;.    Wilson; 
Burgeon,  C.   E.  Goldsborough;  chaplain.    Rev.  II.   W.    McKnight;  0   D     \\ 
T.  Zeigler;  0.  G,  II.  S.   Buehler;  S.  M  .  William  II.  Rupp;  Q.  M.  s.  J.  e! 
Wible;  O.  S.,  J.  H.  Sheads;  Trustees,  R.    E.  Culp,  C.  Bamilton,  Roberl  Bel] 

Tli.    Phrenakosmian   Society  of  Pennsylvania  College.*     Februan    I.   L831 
the  Btudents  of  the  Gettysburg  Gymnasium  were  called  together  to  tal  i 
ores  for  the  formation  of  literary  societies.    Profs.  J.  Marsden  and  M.  Jacobs 
addie-  i  the  subject.     The  roll  was  then  divided,  and  the  first  half 

became  the  founders  of  the  Phrenakosmian  Society.  They  numbered  eighteen. 
Prof.   Marsden    presided  over  the  first  meeting.       Two' weeks  later,  Friday 

evening,  February  IN,  the  second  i ting  was  held,  at  which  the  constitution 

was  adopted.  J.  C.  Hope  was  elected  the  first  archon.  The  records  slum 
that  at  least  six  different  constitutions  have  been  adopted  and  enforced. 

The  library  connected  with  the  society  was  founded  by  a  resolution  of  April 
15,     1831,    Harper's    lihran    being    purchased    as    the   nucleus.      The    library, 

consisting  now  of  nearly  6,000  b . -.  occupies  one  of  the  large  rooms  on  the 

fourth  floor  of  the  present  college  building.  The  society  has  accumulated  a 
fund,  the  interest  of  which  is  spent  in  the  purchase  of  books.  October  30 
L867,  Mr.  Manges  moved  that  a  committee  be  appointed  to  consider  the  ex- 
pediency of  providing  a  reading  room.  The  project  met  the  approval  of  the 
society,  and  the  reading  room  was  opened  at  the  beginning  of  the  next  session. 
The  periodicals  subscribed  for  are  designated  by  a  vote  of  the  society.  A  num- 
ber is  furnished  gratuitously. 

Since  L868  public  exercises  have  been  held  every  alternate  year,  on  Feb- 
ruary 22.  Several  literary  contests  have  been  held  with  the  sister  society,  the 
Philomath;eau.  The  society  has  published  two  catalogues,  one  in  1846  and 
another  in  1S">H.  "Were  one  to  be  issued  now  (  I  SMi)  it  would  record  over  1,200 
names  of  those  who  are  or  have  been  active  members.      [  Communicated.! 

A  NATIONAL    RESORT. 

The  fame  of  Gettysburg  is  now  spread  all  over  the  civilized  world.  Here 
is  the  historic  battle-field  of  centuries,  the  magnificent  National  Cemeten.  ami 
its  grounds  and  splendid  avenues  now  being  lined  with  battle-field  monuments 
that  record  in  granite  the  position  of  the  different  commands  in  the  battle:  |  be 
park  on  Little  Bound  Top;  the  lovely  landscape;  the  quiet  and  picturesque, 
blue,  distant,  sweeping  hills;  the  neat,  cleanly,  solidly  built  town;  the 
paved  streets;  the  smooth,  wide  sidewalks;  the  shade  trees  throwing  their 
grateful  shade  along  the  streets;  the  broad  avenues;  the  reposinglandscaj.es. 
the  exhaustless  supply  of  pure,  sweet  water;  its  hotels  and  business  houses  and 
the  many  elegant  and  spacious  mansions;  and  then  in  the  suburbs  the  Katal- 
zine  Medical  Springs  and  the  summer  hotel  by  them,  all  go  to  make  this  one  of 
the  most  inviting  places  to  the  tourist  and  the  oppressed  in  the  great  cities, 
and  pleasure  seekers  in  the  world.  The  air.  the  water,  the  scenery  in  its 
sweet  and  reposing  splendors:  the  old  and  elegant  institutions  of  learning,  both 
literary  and  theological;  the  quiet  and  pleasant  manners  of  the  people,  theii 
refinement  and  culture  and  open  frankness  and  true  hospitality  to  the  visitors 
and  strangers,  are  the  ••open  sesame"  to  the  hearts  of  all  comers  to  this  rapidly, 
becoming  National  Mecca,  for  the  patriotic  veterans  of  the  late  war  as  well  as 
the  favorite  resort  to  all. 

To  the  writer  of  these  lines  the  recollections  of  Gettysburg  will,  while  he 
lives,  linger  as  one  of  the  most  vivid  and  pleasant  pictures  in  his  pathway  of 
life. 


•The  facts  are  mostly  taken  from  "the  Pennsylvania  College  Book." 


204  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 


CHAPTER   XXVI. 

Physicians — of  the  Earliest  of  Whom  Tradition  is  at  Fault — Practice 
of  Medicine  in  Early  Days— Early  Physicians— Adams  County  Medi- 
cal Society— Present  Licensed  Practitioners. 

THE  gifted  poet-philosopher  made  some  desultory  remarks  about  "minister- 
ing to  a  mind  diseased, ' '  and  answering  his  own  question  exclaimed  in  dis- 
gust, ' '  throw  physic  to  the  dogs. ' '  That  will  do  for  a  strong  man  in  prime  health, 
but  upon  the  ears  of  the  poor  invalid  it  would  fall  less  heeded  than  the  idle 
winds.  In  the  olden  time  the  intensity  of  religious  faith  deemed  it  enough, 
in  fact,  the  be  all  and  the  end  all,  to  minister  to  the  poor,  sick  souls  of  men, 
and  they  looked  with  contempt  upon  what  they  regarded  as  wicked  attempts  to 
doctor  the  body.  It  was  but  the  vile  vessel,  doomed  for  a  few  brief  days  to 
bear  in  this  vile  and  troublous  world  the  immortal  soul,  to  coffin  and  confine 
its  impatient  wings  in  its  eager  anxiety  for  its  flight  to  the  bosom  of  the  blessed 
God  and  the  endless  and  infinite  joys  of  heaven. 

Of  the  earliest  immigrants  here  tradition  is  wholly  at  fault  as  to  how  or  who 
ministered  to  the  sick  and  afflicted.  Had  we  even  the  most  shadowy  tradi- 
tions to  seize  upon,  we  might  construct  a  fair  and  reasonable  story  as  to  the 
manner  of  those  early  times  in  this  respect,  and  do  this,  too,  with  no  great 
fears  as  to  the  assertions  we  might  make  being  authoritatively  contradicted. 
Alas!  no  physician  of  a  century  ago,  or  three-quarters  of  a  century,  or  fifty 
years  ago,  jotted  down  in  his  journal  of  recollections  his  knowledge  and  the 
traditions  that  had  come  to  him  of  his  predecessors  in  his  profession;  who  they 
were,  how  they  plied  their  trade,  and  other  items  of  interest  that  would  now  be 
a  store-house  of  wonderfully  interesting  information  to  us.  Confronted  as  we 
now  are  with  this  painful  omission  of  our  ancestors,  the  lesson  loudly  calls  upon 
the  young  men  of  to-day,  of  every  profession,  every  guild,  trade  and  occupation 
to  keep  a  handy  diary,  where  details  and  daily  facts  may  be  transmitted  to  far 
future  generations.  Young  man,  it  is  an  easy  road  to  immortality — to  build- 
ing of  your  own  monument  that  will  endure  beyond  the  bronze  or  the  hardest 
granite ! 

There  must  have  been  a  generation  of  people  here  who  were  practically 
without  any  scientific  medical  aids  in  combating  the  ' '  ills  that  flesh  is  heir  to  " 
in  all  newly-settled  countries.  The  workaday  mothers,  the  kindly-faced  old 
grandmothers  nursed  the  sick  and  ministered  to  the  sufferers  those  simple  re- 
medies that  they  had  learned  of,  that  were  gathered  from  the  forests,  the  fields 
and  the  gardens.  True,  their  knowledge  of  diseases  and  remedies  were  very 
limited,  but  they  ventured  upon  no  experiments  of  a  heroic  kind,  and  merely 
tried  to  gently  assist  nature  in  efforts  at  a  cure.  The  priestly  office  in  those 
days  was  esteemed  a  source  of  nearly  infinite  wisdom,  especially  if  the  reverend 
could  gibber  words  in  Greek  and  Latin.  Doubtless  these  learned  pundits  were 
often  impressed  to  prescribe  for  the  body  as  well  as  pray  for  the  soul.  Then, 
there  were  the  faith  doctors,  and  then,  too,  as  now,  were  the  ever-living  and 
ubiquitous  quacks — arrant  humbugs — a  prolific  race,  tenacious  of  life,  plying 
their  nefarious  trade  and  peopling  the  silent  city  of  the  dead.  We  all  abuse 
these  poor  despised  shams  and  dishonest  frauds — tampering  for  gain  with  that 
most  precious  boon — health  and  life — and  yet  are  we  not  nearly  all  more  or 


MEDICAL.  205 

less  guilty;  that  is,  are  we  no!  a  race,  nation  and  people  of  empirics — looking 
only  upon  the  one  aide  with  a  dull  and  dim  vision  in  all  the  affaire  of  life.  and. 
as  we  are  told,  the  vet  more  important,  because  eternal,  concerns  beyond  the 
grave? 

What  science  and  almost  all  the  art  of  medicine  ami  surgery  we  have  are 
the  discoveries  and  inventions  of  the  present  century.  Look  at  the  improve- 
ment in  the  treatment  and  cure  of  our  insane,  the  cleaning  and  drainage  of  our 
cities,  the  healthful  comforts  added  to  our  houses  and  homes,  the  understand- 
ing and  proper  preparation  of  our  food,  the  intelligent  battle  we  can  now  make 
against  epidemics!  In  short,  we  have  performed  what  at  one  time  could  have 
only  been  done  by  a  miracle — prolonged  the  average  life  of  it  generation  ten 
years.  What  else  has  the  human  race  done  that  can  be  compared  to  this? 
Think  of  it.  reader.  Here  is  a  suggestion  that  may  lead  the  intelligent  mind  to 
the  contemplation  of  the  most  instructive  and  interesting  subjects  it  is  possible 
to  place  before  it. 

The  beginning  of  this  century  found  Dr.  John  Agnew  a  practicing  phy si 
cian  in  Gettysburg.  The  Agnews  were  a  very  prominent  family  long  prior  to 
the  Revolution,  and  in  that  war  the  different  members  made  the  name  historic. 
Dr.  Agnew  would  have  made  his  name  illustrious  in  any  age  or  among  any  peo- 
ple. An  industrious  and  patient  investigator, with  a  strong,  active  brain  and  a 
stout  heart,  be  walked  life's  path  single  banded,  and  boldly  pursued  new  aven- 
ue- of  knowledge  and  thought  out  many  of  the  intricate  problems  of  life.  The 
people  of  his  time,  of  course,  could  have  but  small  appreciation  of  his  worth  to 
them  and  mankind.  In  the  very  early  part  of  this  century  he  wrote  and  pub 
lished  a  m  ist  valuable  paper  on  vaccination,  the  first  thing  of  the  kind  ever 
published  in  this  country.  We  are  informed  that  the  State  Medical  Society, 
at  one  of  its  meetings  a  few  year-  ago,  learned  something  of  this  historical  in- 
cident of  Dr.  Agni'w's  article,  and  eventually  sent  one  of  its  members  to  Get- 
tysburg in  the  hope  of  finding  the  publication,  but  failed  to  secure  it.  The 
writer  of  these  lines  found  it  in  the  early7  files  of  Harper's  paper,  the  Centinel, 
now  in  the  Star  and  Sentinel  office. 

The  commencement  of  the  nineteenth  century  found  here,  practicing  his 
profession,  Dr.  WilliamH.  Crawford,  a  man  of  great  and  varied  abilities.  His  act- 
ive and  brilliant  intellect  made  him,  at  an  early  period  of  his  life,  pre-eminent 
ami  >ng  men.  and  he  wrought  out  by  the  sheer  force  of  his  own  genius  a  national 
and  lasting  fame.  A  born  leader  of  men,  and  whether  in  the  science  and  prac- 
tice of  medicine,  a  law-maker  in  the  halls  of  Congress,  on  the  stump  or  in  the 
forum  as  a  statesman  or  orator,  or  wielding  his  pointed  and  trenchant  pen,  he 
found  few  equals  in  his  day  among  the  world's  greatest  men,  and  no  superiors. 
A  tolerably  complete  account  of  Dr  Craw-ford  may  be  found  in  another  part  of 
this  work. 

Dr.  John  Runkle  was  a  native  of  Maryland,  born  in  1786,  a  son  of  Rev. 
John  William  Itunkle.  of  the  Palatinate.  Germany,  who  lived  to  the  age  of 
eighty-four  years  and  died  in  1832.  Dr.  John  Runkle  studied  theology 
for  a  time,  but  nature'-  impulses  turned  his  attention  to  the  study  of  medi- 
cine. He  was  great  enough  in  his  profession  to  impress  his  life  upon  his 
age,  and  there  has  been  handed  down  to  the  present  generation  even  the  glow- 
ing accounts  of  his  great  worth  as  a  physician,  as  a  fellow-citizen,  its  a  guide, 
counselor  and  friend  to  his  neighbors  and  widely  extended  list  of  patients.  In 
the  biographical  portion  of  this  work  will  be  found  an  extended  sketch  of  Dr. 
Runkle. 

Dr.  John  B.  Arnold  was  born  in  Connecticut  in   1775,  and  died   in    1822. 
He  was  in  early  life  a  graduate  of  medicine,  and  came  to  Adams  County  before 
d  of  the  last  century.     (See  his  biographical  sketch.  I 


200  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

Dr.  James  Hamilton  was  among  the  early  educated  and  able  physicians  in 
this  county.  He  was  a  Southern  man  by  birth;  had  received  a  good  education 
both  in  the  literary  and  medical  schools.  A  man  of  dignified  and  gentlemanly 
deportment,  of  a  high  sense  of  honor,  he  was  greatly  respected  and  beloved 
by  all  our  people.  He  lived  in  this  county  nearly  fifty  years.  He  came  here 
with  ample  means,  and  invested  largely  in  lands  in  the  Piney  Mountain  region, 
and  instead  of  this  making  him  money  it  impoverished  him,  and  in  his  old  days, 
when  too  feeble  longer  to  practice  his  profession  he  died  in  the  extremes  of 
poverty  about  the  year  1825. 

Dr.  John  Knox  was  many  years  a  leading  man  in  the  county  in  his  profes- 
sion. His  son,  Rev.  John  Knox,  became  the  eminent  divine  of  New  York.  Dr. 
Knox  was  one  of  nature's  men  of  strong  and  positive  convictions,  who  was 
naturally  a  powerful  leader  in  his  profession  or  in  his  church  as  well  as  iu 
social  life.  His  eminent  talents  as  a  physician,  his  great  worth  as  a  citizen, 
are  now  a  pleasant  theme  for  contemplation  by  the  few  aged  and  venerable 
men  among  us,  the  oldest  of  whom  are  carried  back  to  the  times  of  their  early 
boyhood  days,  when  they  come  to  tell  you  of  Dr.  Knox. 

Dr.  James  H.  Miller  was  one  of  Dr.  Crawford's  earliest  medical  students  in 
his  office,  and  was  a  most  worthy  successor  to  his  eminent  tutor  as  well  as 
to  the  practice  of  the  eminent  men  we  have  named  above.  For  many  years 
he  was  the  Nestor  of  physicians  in  all  this  part  of  Pennsylvania.  When  his 
advice  or  counsel  in  the  most  complicated  and  difficult  cases  was  obtained,  all 
were  satisfied  that  all  was  done  that  could  be  accomplished,  and  the  ablest  of 
his  contemporaries  could  seek  no  higher  authority  than  Dr.  Miller.  He  mar- 
ried a  Miss  Spear,  of  Franklin  County,  and  removed  to  Baltimore,  in  1825, 
where  he  at  once  became  the  leading  physician.  He  died  in  the  early  "  fifties," 
leaving  no  descendants.  When  Dr.  Miller  removed  to  Baltimore  his  extensive 
practice  was  divided  mostly  between  Dr.  David  Horner  and  Dr.  Charles 
Berluchy. 

Dr.  John  Paxton  was  one  of  the  early  physicians  who  at  one  time  became 
rery  prominent  in  the  county.  His  family  lived  in  Millerstown  where  he  was 
reared.  Upon  completing  his  education  he  located  in  Gettysburg,  gaining  an 
extended  and,  for  that  day,  lucrative  practice,  and  there  he  died. 

Dr.  David  Horner  was  born  in  Gettysburg,  Penn.,  in  1797,  and  was  a  son  of 
Robert  and  grandson  of  David  Horner,  who  immigrated  to  this  country  prior 
to  1760.  He  read  medicine  under  Dr.  James  H.  Miller,  and  received  his  de- 
gree of  M.  D.  from  the  Washington  Medical  College  at  Baltimore,  Md.  He 
died  in  1858.      (See  his  biography.) 

Dr.  Charles  Berluchy  was  an  uncle  of  Drs.  Charles  and  Robert  Horner,  of 
Gettysburg.  Dr.  David  Horner  and  Dr.  Berluchy  married  sisters,  Misses 
Allen,  of  Savannah,  Ga.  Dr.  Berluchy  was  a  native  of  Milan,  Italy.  In  his 
native  country  he  left  the  University  of  Milan  and  joined  Napoleon's  forces, 
and  after  the  fall  of  Napoleon  he  came  to  America.  He  was  wounded  in  the 
face  in  one  of  the  many  battles,  and  a  great  scar  was  the  potent  mark  of  his 
exposure  to  the  enemy  on  the  battle  field.  He  came  to  Gettysburg  about  1816, 
and  located  here  in  the  practice  of  his  profession.  Under  all  disadvantages  he 
gained  an  extensive  practice,  and  became  a  prominent  and  influential  citizen  in 
his  adopted  country;  was  for  some  time  postmaster  in  Gettysburg.  He  left 
here  about  1855,  and  located  in  Pottsville,  where  he  died  about  1864.  He  left 
a  widow  and  two  sons.  His  son,  Samuel  Lilly  Berluchy,  became  a  very  learned 
physician,  but  died  young.  The  family  have  all  died  since  the  death  of  the 
father  and  husband. 

Dr.   Samuel  Meisenhelder  was  born  in  York  Count  v.    Penn.,  in  1818,    and 


MEDICAL.  207 

graduated  in  Jefferson  Medical  College  in  L851,  came  to  Easi  Berlin  in  L851, 
and  died  there  in  L884     (See  biography.) 

Dr.  John  Parshall  was  here  in  the  earlj  part  of  the  century.  He  came 
from  Perry  County,  Peon.,  lived  here  and  practiced  successfully  until  about 
the  year  L833,  then  removed  to  Tennessee,  aone  of  bis  family  remaining  here. 
He  was  the  organizer  and  Leader  of  the  small  colony  that  removed  to  Tennes- 
see.    He  was.  it  is  said,  a  student  of  Dr.  Miller. 

Dr.  Samuel  E.  Hall  was  also  one  of  Dr.  Miller's  students,  and  had  suc- 
oeeded  in  building  up  a  good  practice  in  Berlin,  and.  about  L837,  removed  to 
Gettysburg,  where  be  had  a  large  practice,  and  afterward  went  West.  He  is 
remembered  as  a  good  physician,  but  impulsive  and  sometimes  warm  in  dis- 
cussions. 

Dr.  David  Gilbert  established  himself  as  a  physician  in  Gettysburg  about 
L830,  He  was  very  successful  and  was  noted  as  a  surgeon.  It  is  said,  in  fact, 
that  the  only  men  to  this  time  that  could  cut  off  a  limb  had  been  Drs.  Craw- 
ford and  Miller  until  Dr.  Gilbert  came.  He  practiced  here  about  fifteen  years 
and  removed  to  Philadelphia,  and  became  still  more  celebrated  as  a  surgeon; 
was  at  one  time  a  professor  in  the  medical  college  there.  He  died  in  Philadel- 
phia, leaving  a  family.  His  son,  Kent  Gilbert,  was  also  a  physician  and  was 
elected  coroner  of  Philadelphia. 

•  I.  \Y.  Hendrix,  born  in  York  County  in  May,  1823;  graduate  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland.  March.  M'J;  resided  at  New  Oxford.  He  died  May  26, 
1885,  deeply  lamented  by  a  wide  circle  of  sincere  friends.     [See  biography 

elsewhere.  ] 

Joseph  A.  Shorb  was  for  thirty -five  years  a  prominent  physician  and  loading 
citizen  in  the  county.  He  died  in  1855,  deeply  lamented  by  a  wide  circle  of 
friends  and  relatives — a  good  man,  a  wise  physician  and  beloved  friend.  He 
was  the  father  of  thirteen  children,  two  of  whom  are  living.  [See  biography 
elsewhere.  ] 

ADAMS  COUNTY  MEDICAL  SOCIETY. 

This  society  was  formed  in  Gettysburg  June  1-4,  1873,  by  Drs.  R.  B.  El- 
.  Robert  Horner,  W.  J.  McClure,  J.  L.  Baehr,  A.  Holtz,  C.  Thompson 
and  J.  W.  C.  O'Neal.  A.  Holtz.  chairman;  E.  B.  Elderdice,  secretary;  J.  L. 
Baehr.  treasurer.  There  were  then  about  thirty- five  practicing  physicians  in 
the  county.  At  the  regular  meeting  in  June,  1873,  the  attendants  were  Drs. 
H.  S.  Huber,  J.  P.  Brenneman,  W.  C.  Stem,  E.  W.  Mumma,  Charles  Horner, 
II.  N.  Meisenhelder,  F.  C.  "Wolf.  A.  B.  Dill.  Permanent  officers  elected: 
Robert  Horner,  president;  H.  S.  Huber  and  A.  Holtz,  vice-presidents;  E.  B. 
Elderdice.  recording  secretary ;  William  J.  McClure,  corresponding  secretary; 
J.  W.  C.  O'Neal,  treasurer. 

June  8,  1SM.  the  Legislature  passed  an  act  requiring  the  prothonotary  of 
each  county  to  provide  a  book  in  which  shall  be  kept  a  registry  of  each  prac- 
ticing physician  in  medical  surgery  in  the  county;  the  record  keeping  an  ac- 
count of  the  deaths  or  removals  from  the  county  of  physicians.  The  act  goes 
on  to  specify  the  qualifications  in  point  of  modical  education  each  practitioner 
shall  have  before  he  can  practice.  Any  one,  however,  in  the  continuous  prac- 
tice since  1  ST  1  can  continue  practice  without  the  qualifications  required  by- 
law. 

Present  licensed  practitioners  in  the  county  are  as  follows : 

George  B.  Aiken,  a  native  of  Baltimore,  who  received  the  degree  of  M.  D. 
at  the  University  of  Maryland,  March  10,  1830,  settled  in  McSherrystown, 
where  he  has  been  continuously  in  the  practice. 


208  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

James  B.  Combs,  nativity,  Huntington  County,  Penn. ;  residence  Round 
Hill,  Huntington  Township;  took  his  degree  at  the  Medical  College  of  Ohio. 
March  1,  1851,  and  also  graduated  in  the  Medical  and  Surgical  University  of 
Philadelphia,  February  23,  1872,  and  for  some  years  practiced  medicine  in 
Baltimore. 

E.  W.  Cashman,  a  native  of  Bendersville,   Adams  County,   now  residing 
in  York  Springs;  graduated  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  May  1,  1886. 
Daniel  L.  Baker,  resides  in  East  Berlin. 

Aaron  L.  Bishop,  native  of  Littlestown.  where  he  has  continued  to  reside 
all  his  life.      A  graduate  of  the  University  of  New  York,  March  1,  1847. 

John  C.  Bush,  born  in  Baltimore;  graduated  in  University  of  Maryland  in 
March,  1854;  resides  in  Mountjoy  Township,  where  he  has  had  a  continuous 
residence. 

Abraham  Piere  Beam,  of  Franklin  County;  a  graduate  of  Jefferson  Med- 
ical College  March,  1876;  residence,  Fairfield. 

Jesse  P.  Brennaman,  native  of  York  County;  graduate  of  University  of 
New  York.      He  located  in  Arendtsville  and  finally  in  Gettysburg. 

John  G.  Brown,  born  in  Adams  County;  residence,  Hampton,  in  this 
county.      He  graduated  in  the  University  of  Maryland  March  1,  1878. 

David  A.  Diller,  native  of  York  County.  He  took  his  degree  in  the  Eclec- 
tic Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania  April  21,  1864.  He  resided  in  York 
County  until  1859,  and  since  then  has  resided  in  York  Springs,  this  county. 

Howard  L.  Diehl,  a  native  of  Littlestown;  residence,  Gettysburg;  gradu- 
ate of  Hahnemann  Medical  College,  of  Philadelphia,  March  1,  1876. 

John  Russell  Dickson,  born  in  Adams  County;  residence,  Straban  Town- 
ship; received  the  degree  of  M.  D.  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  March 
15,  1880.     [See  biography.] 

A.  B.  Dill  graduated  in  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College  in  1865.  His 
family  were  early  settlers  in  this  country.  His  residence  is  York  Springs. 
[See  biography  elsewhere.  ] 

Jeremiah  Diore,  born  in  the  Mauritius ;  residence,  Biglerville;  graduate  of 
Jefferson  Medical  College,  of  Philadelphia.  March  29,  1884. 

A.  M.  Evers,  a  native  of  Rockingham  County,  Va. ;  lived  in  Frederick, 
Md. ,  and  removed  to  New  Oxford,  in  this  county. 

Robert  Breckinridge  Elderdice.  born  in  Cecil  County,  Md. ;  was  a  gradu- 
ate of  Cincinnati  College  of  Medicine  and  Surgery,  June  25,  1858. 

Samuel  Enterline,  born  in  Dauphin  County,  Penn. ;  graduated  in  Eclectic 
Medical  College,  of  Philadelphia.  February,  1867 ;  first  located  in  York  Coun- 
ty, then  came  to  present  residence  in  Huntington  Township. 

John  C.  Felty,  born  in  Adams  County;  graduated  in  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania, March"  13,  1873,  and  in  1870  and  1873  received  from  Pennsyl- 
vania College  the  degrees  of  A.  B.  and  A.  M. ;  residence,  Gettysburg.  He 
has  so  improved  the  opportunities  of  his  school  days  as  to  readily  take  a  prom- 
inent place  in  the  ranks  of  his  profession.  [See  his  biography  in  the  biograph- 
ical part  of  this  work.  ] 

Edwin  Knox  Foreman,  born  in  Frederick  County,  Md. :  graduated  at  tne 
University  of  Maryland,  March  1,  1S62;  practiced  medicine  in  Mechanics- 
town  and' Elkton,  Md.,  and  then  located  in  Littlestown.  He  is  an  eminent 
and  learned  physician.      [See  elsewhere  his  biographical  sketch.] 

Charles  Edward  Goldsborough,  a  native  of  Frederick  County,  Md. ;  attend- 
ed lectures  in  1855-56  in  University  of  Maryland;  was  then  examined  and 
placed  in  service  of  United  States  Army  in  1861.  and  became  acting  assistant 
suro-eon  in  1862,  and  served  two  years;  altogether  was  four  years  in  the  I  nited 


-^f^*m^a  ^.  Q?. 


MEDICAL.  211 

States  service,  then  practiced  his  profession  one  year  in  Hampton,  when  he 
permanently  located  in  Hunterstown.  He  is  a  prominent  and  inflnential  man 
in  his  profession,     [See  biographical  sketch  elsewhere.  | 

Charles  Peter  Gettier,  a  native  of  Maryland;  graduated  from  New  York 
Homoeopathic  Institution  March  1.  1867,  and  located  in  Littlestown,  where  he 
has  been  verj   successful  in  his  professional  practice.      [See  biography.  | 

John  E.  Gilbert,  a  native  of  Gettysburg;  graduated  at  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania  March  I,  1877,  and  located  in  his  native  town;  died  in  April. 
1882    in  ( lettj  --burg. 

Wilson  F.  Hollinger,  a  native  of  Adams  County;  graduated  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania  March,  1874,  and  located  in  Abbottstown. 

Ah ix.  W.  Howard,  born  in  Adams  County:  graduate  of  the  University  of 
Maryland,  March.  1870;  residence,  BendersVille.  He  is  already  one  of  the 
county's  prominent  physicians.      [See  biography  elsewhere.] 

Charles  Horner,  born  in  Gettysburg,  a  graduate  of  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania. March.  IS  Pi:  received  the  degrees  of  A.  M.  and  M.  D.  in  Pennsyl- 
vania College  in   1843  and   1846. 

Robed  Horner,  born  in  Gettysburg:  received  the  degree  of  M.  D.  at  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania  in  March,  1849,  and  the  degree  of  A.  M.  in  Penn 
syKania  College,  Gettysburg,  in  June,  1  S7T>. 

Ephraim  Howard,  a  native  of  Adams  County;  residence,  Straban  Township. 
Jonathan  Howard,  a  native  of  Littlestown,  received  no  regular  degrees; 
practiced  medicine  in  Mountpleasant  Township,  and  resides  in  Littlestown. 
Andrew  Howard,  of  Mountpleasant  Township,  received  no  degrees. 
Charles    W.    Johnston,    born  in   Bedford  County;  received  his  M.    D.    in 
March.   1875,  at  Jefferson  Medical  College;  resides  in  Abbottstown. 

John  Shorb  Kinzer,  born  in  Littlestown;  graduated  in  the  University  of 
Maryland  March  3,  1881;  resides  in  Germany  Township;  was  conferred  the 
degrees  of  A.  B.  and  A.  M.  at  St.  Mary's  College  in  1878  and  1880. 

Thomas  Kenedy,  a  native  of  Adams  County,  graduated  at  Keokuk,  Iowa, 
Medical  College  February.    1874;  resides  in  Bermudian. 

\  irgil  H.  B.  Lilly,  a  native  of  Adams  County;   graduate  of  University  of 
Maryland  in  March.  lSii'.i;  resides  in  McSherrystown ;  a  scientific  man  in  his  pro- 
fession, a  ripe  sch(  >lar  and  valuable  citizen.    [See  biography  in  another  column.  ] 
Hiram  W.  LeFevre,  born  in  Adams  County;  graduate" of  the  University  of 
Maryland,   1872;  resides  in  Littlestown. 

Israel    P.   I nme.  born  in  York  County;  received  his  degree  of  M.  D.  at 

Jefferson  Medical  College  in  March,  1S71:  'resides  in  Arendtsville;  of  alarms 
family,  there  being  eleven  children,  of  whom  five  are  now  living.  [See  ex- 
tended biography  elsewhere.] 

Richard  McSherry,  born  in  Martinsburg,  Va. ;  graduated  at  the  University 
of  Maryland  in  March,  1880;  residence,  Germany  Township:  commencedthe 
practice  of  his  profession  in  Pittsburgh. 

Robert  \.  Meisenhelder,  a  native  of  York  County;  graduate  of  Jefferson 
Medical  College,  March,  1871;  resides  in  East  Berlin!  [See  family  biograph- 
ical sketch  in  another  part  of  this  work.] 

B  W.  Muinnia.  nativity.  Waverly,  Md. ;  received  the  degree  of  M.  D.  at  the 
University  of  Maryland,  March  10,  1851;  residence,  Bendersville.  The  Mum- 
ma  family  name  is  among  the  earliest  of  the  historical  names  of  the  early 
fathers  of  this  portion  of  the  State:  a  name  prominently  connected  with  nearly 
every  historical  event  in  this  part  of  the  country  from  the  middle  of  the  eight- 
eenth century  to  the  present  time.  [See  Dr.  Mamma's  biographical  sketch 
elsewhere.  | 


212  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY'. 

John  H.  Marsden,  born  in  Adams  County;  took  his  degree  of  M.  D.  in 
Mai'ch,  1848,  at  Jefferson  Medical  College;  resides  near  York  Springs. 

Emanuel  Melhorn,  born  in  Adams  County;  graduate  of  Pennsylvania  Uni- 
versity in  1857;  resides  in  New  Chester. 

Isaac  W.  Pearson,  a  native  of  Adams  County,  born  June  6,  1824;  com- 
menced the  study  of  medicine  in  1848  and  practice  in  1850  in  York  Springs. 
His  ancestors  came  with  William  Penn.      [See  biography  on  another  page.] 

Alfred  Myers,  born  in  Baltimore;  a  graduate  of  Jefferson  Medical  College 
in  March,  1875;  residence,  Hampton. 

D.  H.  Melhorn,  born  in  Adams  County;  a  graduate  of  Jefferson  Medical 
College  in  March,  1882;  residence,  New  Chester. 

Agideous  Noel,  a  native  of  Adams  County;  graduate  of  the  University  of 
Maryland  in  March,  1862 ;  residence,  Bonneauville.     [See  biography.  J 

John  W.  C.  O'Neal,  born  in  Virginia;  was  educated  in  the  grammar  schools 
and  in  Pennsylvania  College,  Gettysburg;  received  his  degree  of  M.  D.  at  the 
University  of  Maryland  in  March,  1844;  practiced  medicine  in  Hanover  from 
1844  to  1849,  then  practiced  in  Baltimore  from  1849  to  1863,  and  in  Hanover 
for  a  time,  when  he  removed  to  Gettysburg,  his  present  home,  where  he  is  still 
in  the  practice  of  his  chosen  profession.  By  right  of  priority,  at  least,  he  stands 
at  the  head  of  the  long  column  of  men  eminent  in  the  profession  in  this  county. 
(See  another  page  for  an  extended  sketch  of  Dr.  O'  Neal. ) 

Walter  H.  O'Neal,  born  in  Baltimore,  educated  in  Pennsylvania  College, 
Gettysburg;  attended  medical  department  University  of  Maryland;  graduated  in 
1871;  appointed  medical  attendant  for  the  county  in  1872;  served  six  years  and 
resigned,  and  located  in  Luzerne  County,  and  practiced  there  five  years  and 
returned  to  Gettysburg,  his  present  residence,  and  took  charge  of  his  father's 
extensive  practice. 

Jacob  R.  Plank,  born  in  Cumberland  County ;  graduated  from  Washington 
Medical  College  in  July,  1873;  residence,  York  Springs. 

R.  Milton  Plank,  a  native  of  Cumberland  County,  graduated  in  March, 
1880,  at  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore  ;  residence,  York 
Springs. 

George  L.  Rice,  born  in  Baltimore;  a  graduate  of  Washington  University, 
Baltimore,  in  February,  1872;  residence,  McSherrystown ;  a  man  learned  in  his 
profession,  and  much  esteemed  in  private  life.      [See  biography  elsewhere.] 

Charles  H.  Rupp,  a  native  of  York  County,  commenced  practice  in  1S63  and 
has  been  in  continuous  practice  to  date. 

G.  K.  Rether,  born  in  Adams  County,  graduated  in  1SS4  from  Jefferson 
College;  residence,  Biglerville. 

J.  L.  Sheetz,  born  in  Berks  County,  received  his  degree  of  M.  D.  in  March, 
1S79,  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania;  resides  in  New  Oxford. 

Joseph  W.  Smith,  a  native  of  York  County,  graduated  from  Bellevue  Med- 
ical College,  New  York,  in  March,  1870;  residence.  New  Oxford. 

Charles  E.  Smith,  born  in  York  County,  graduated  from  Hahnemann  Med- 
ical College,  March  9,  1873:  residence,  Center  Mills. 

R.  S.  Seiss,  born  in  Frederick  County,  Md. ,  graduate  of  University  of 
Maryland,  March,  1S52;  residence,  Littlestown.  As  a  physician,  a  man  highly 
prized  by  his  brethren,  and  in  social  and  business  life  esteemed  greatly  by  a 
wide  circle  of  friends.    [See  extended  biography  elsewhere.  ] 

Joshua  S.  Kemp,  born  in  Baltimore,  took  his  degree  of  M.  D.  at  University 
of  Maryland  in  March,  1858;  residence.  Littlestown.  [See  sketch  in  another 
column]. 


MEDICAL.  218 

Edmund  I'.  Sborb,  a  native  of  Adams  County;  graduate  of  Dnivereitj  of 
Maryland,  March,   L846;  residence,  Littlestown.     The  son  of   Dr.  Joseph    A. 

Shorb,  and  is  worthily  carry  ing  on  tin-  work  where  his   eminent    father  left  oil'. 
:i  pin .  I 
Abraham  S.  Scott,  a  native  of   Adams  County;  residence,  Fairfield. 
William  0.  Smith,  burn  in  Franklin  County  ;  graduate  of  the-  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  .March.  L878;  residence,  Cashtown. 

(  leorge  W  .  Smith,  nativity  Adams  County  :  attended  two  courses  of  lectures 
at  Jefferson  .Medical  College;  received  permission  to  commence  the  practice  in 
IM'XI.   and  litis  been  in  the  practice  continually  sine,.;  residence,    Flora  Dale. 

J.  B.  Scott,  born  in  Gettysburg;  received  his  decree  of  M.  D.  at  the  med- 
ical department  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1881,  and  the  degree  of  A.  B. 
from  Pennsylvania  College  in  I'm  7;  residence.  Gettysburg. 

Abraham  ().  Scott,  an  eminent  physician,  a  descendant  of  one  of  the  earliest 
families,  was  born  in  1825;  graduated  from  Jefferson  College,  Cannonsburg, 
in  L850,  and  from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia,  in  1853. 
[See  full  biography  elsewhere.  | 

Otho  \V.  Thomas,  born  in  Adam-  County;  graduated  at  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania  March  12,  1874;  residence,  Arendtsville.  His  parents  were  also 
natives  of  Adams  County,  a  prominent  and  influential  family.  |  See  biography.  | 
William  C.  Sandrock,  born  in  Baltimore,  graduated  from  Maryland  College 
in  Pharmacy  in  1875;  received  his  degree  of  M.  D.  at  the  University  of  Mary- 
land in  March.  1878;  studied  medicine  in  Baltimore.  He  took  first  prize  in  his 
class  in  L875;  residence.   New  Oxford.      [See  biography  elsewhere.] 

James  Warren,  born  in  Lancaster  County,  received  degrees  at  Jefferson  .Med 
ical  College;  been  in  the  practice  fifty  years;  at  an  early  age  became  eminent 
in  his  profession;  resides  near  Gettysburg.  [See  complete  biography  else- 
where. ] 

J.C.  Warren,  born  in  York  County;  received  his  degree  in  Louisville,  Ky., 
in  1873;  began  practice  in  Lancaster,  Penn.,  then  in  three  years  came  to  Get- 
tysburg for  a  short  time;  thence  moved  to  Stryanstown,  York  County,  where 
he  practiced  eight  years;  then,  in  1883,  came  to  his  present  location  in  Butler 
Township.     [See  biography.  | 

Sylvester  B.  Weaver,  born  in  Carroll  County,  Md.,  graduated  from  Hahne- 
mann   Medical   College,  Philadelphia.   March,"  L872;    residence,    Littlestown. 

|  See    sketch.  | 

Frederick  C.  Wolf,  born  in  Adams  County,  graduated  at  F.  and  M.  Col- 
lege, Lancaster,  in  L864;  read  medicine  in  the  office  of  Dr.  Peffer,  Abbottstown; 
attended  lectures  at  the  University  of  Maryland;  graduated  in  1866;  residence, 
Abbottstown. 

James  D.  Weddelle,  born  in  Washington  County,  Md. ;  received  degree  of 
M.  D.  in  February.  1872,  m  Washington  Medical  University,  Maryland;  resi- 
dence,  Bigler. 

W  illiam  C.  Stem,  native  of  Adams  County;  passed  the  Philadelphia  Medi- 
cal Institute  in  1850;  attended,  about  one  year;  clinical  lectures  in  the  Penn- 
sylvania Hospital  and  also  lectures  at  the  Willis  Hospital;  residence.  Cash 
town.      [See  biography  elsewhere.] 

Charles  W.  Weaver,  born  in  Glenville,  Penn..  graduated  from  Hahnemann 
Medical  College.  April.  1884;  residence,  Glenville. 

James G.  Watson,  bornin  Franklin  County;  graduated  in  1ST'',,  residence, 
Bonneauville:  already  a  prominent  and  influential  member  of  his  profession. 
[See  biography  elsewhere.] 


214  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

T.  T.  Tate,  born  in  Gettysburg;  graduated  from  Pennsylvania  Medical  Col- 
lege in  1855;  went  to  Iowa  and  practiced  a  few  years,  then  resided  in  the  vicinity 
of  Springfield,  Ohio,  three  years,  and  returned  to  Gettysburg;  was  surgeon  of 
the  Third  Pennsylvania  Cavalry  during  the  late  war,  and  since  has  been  a  resi- 
dent and  practitioner  in  his  native  town. 


CHAPTER  XXVII. 

BERWICK  TOWNSHIP  AND  BOROUGH  OF  ABBOTTSTOWN. 

THIS  division  of  the  county,  including  what  are  now  known  as  Oxford  and 
Hamilton  Townships,  was  brought  into  the  little  republic  of  Adams 
County  in  1800.  In  1810  Hamilton  Township  was  set  off,  and  in  1847  Oxford 
Township  was  established,  reducing  the  original  area  of  Berwick  to  about 
10,000  acres. 

The  head  waters  of  Hamilton  Creek  rise  in  the  northwestern  part  of  Berwick, 
and  flow  north  through  Hamilton  Township.  Beaver  Creek  rises  in  the 
Seibrecht  neighborhood,  and  flows  north  by  east  to  Abbottstown,  where  it  re- 
ceives its  east  fork.  This  fork  and  main  stream  may  be  said  to  form  the  eastern 
line  of  the  township. 

The  Pigeon  Hills  and  Egg  Mountain,  the  latter  entirely  native,  are  wierd 
natural  upliftings,  bold,  rugged  and  steep,  brought  forth  to  relieve  the  Atlantic 
slope.  With  the  exception  of  these  hills  the  township  presents  a  rolling  sur- 
face.     The  land  is  principally  red  gravel,  well  cultivated. 

The  geological  characteristics  are  traces  of  copper  and  coal  in  the  hills; 
hydro-mica  slate,  one  mile  and  a  half  southwest  of  Paradise;  impure  lim- 
onite,  in  the  same  neighborhood;  massive  brecciated  sandstone,  impregnated 
with  iron;  limonite;  dark  blue  and  white  crystalline  limestone  in  Conowago 
and  Berwick  Townships,  also  ferruginous  on  Carlisle  road.  In  1843  lignite 
was  found  in  this  vicinity. 

The  number  of  taxpayers  in  Berwick  Township  (1880)  is  318;  value  of  real 
estate,  $230,993;  number  of  horses,  mules  and  geldings,  121;  number  of  cows 
and  neat  cattle,  149;  amount  of  moneys  at  interest,  $22,146;  value  of  trades 
and  professions,  $6,100;  number  of  pleasure  carriages,  48;  number  of  acres 
of  timber  land,  1,274.  The  population  in  1800  was  1,333;  in  1810,  1,799,  in- 
cluding what  is  now  Hamilton  and  Oxford  Townships;  in  1820,  1,664,  includ- 
ing Abbottstown,  312,  and  Oxford,  142;  in  1830,  1,417;  in  1840,  1,462;  in 
1850,  811,  including  3  colored  persons;  in  1860,  869,  including  2  colored  per- 
sons; in  1870,  507;  in  1880,  514,  and  of  Abbottstown,  368. 

In  Berwick  Township  the  retailers  of  foreign  goods,  wines  and  liquors,  in 
1824,  were  George  Bange  and  Joseph  Carl,  and  of  foreign  merchandise  alone, 
Joseph  Eck  and  Daniel  Heagy.  Nicholas  Cams,  constable,  made  the 
returns. 

The  assessment  roll  of  1799,  then  including  Hamilton  and  Oxford  Town- 
ships, contains  the  following  names  and  statistics  of  assessed  valuation:* 

♦See  also  names  anil  assessment  of  Abbottstown. 


BERWICK   Township. 


■1 1 :. 


Thomas  A.cheeon $152 

Banard  Allewelt 641 

Caleb  Hails 820 

N  icholaa  Berlin 852 

John  Bittinger 3,684 

Joseph  Bittinger 8,466 

Nicholas  Bittinger 148 

George  Hani...' 576 

Bamuel  Baugher 1,058 

Peter  Bruch 1,624 

Jacob  Becker 8 

Michael  Bender 600 

Michael   Babeletz 406 

Samuel  Bowser 528 

John  Boland 44 

Bamuel  Bowser,  Jr 52 

Jacob  Bnhn 624 

John  Beaker 1,076 

George  Beaker 460 

George  Beaker,  of  John 88 

Martin  Carroll 1,704 

Michael  Carroll 1)920 

Samuel  Clark 28 

Christian  Dick 1,192 

John  Dollingcr,  laborer 

Ji  «eph  Ditto 70 

Fred  Decker 744 

Peter  Deiks 98 

Daniel  Deardurf 724 

Henry  Eekenrode 552 

Conrad  Eekenrode 888 

Peter  Galley 357 

Patrick  Gafaher 872 

Jacob  Grasser.  .• 488 

Valentine  Gruff 216 

George  Gibe 104 

Thomas  Gras 700 

George  Gram 16 

Edward  Hunt 18 

Adam  Huppert. 120 

Nicholas  Hull 474 

Joseph  Hanantz 970 

John  Herman 1  154 

John  Herman,  Jr *552 

David  Herman 38 

John  Henderson ....   396 

David  Hiwer 862 

Philip  Hartman 716 

Philip  Hartman,  Jr 76 

Samuel  Jacob 528 

Joseph  Kitchen 436 

Richard  Kitchen 832 

Jacob  Kerbach 636 

Peter  Keplinger 392 

John   Knm 208 

Martin  Kitzmiller "'.'..'  32 

Matthew   Karr,  laborer 

Widow  KelTer 56 

Andrew  Kohler 936 

John  Kriehsomer  16 

Peter  Kehlcr .'.'..'  388 

Henry  Kuhn 2,516 

John  Kroscast '628 

Michael  Klebsadler 40 

Val.  Kolb 356 


.John  Karr 

George  Kern 

John  Kurt-lit 

Peter  Lang,  or  Long. . . . 
Adam  Lang,  or  Long.. . 

John   I. ampin 

Hugh  Lynch,  laborer.. . 

Moritz  Lorentz 

John  Lorentz,  laborer.. 
Fred  Lachman,  laborer. 

Thomas  Lilly 

Daniel  Luhatz 

< ihristian  Lent/, 

Manus  McClafEerty 

William  Mumert 

Joseph  Marshal] 

Jacob  Mosser 

Francis  Marshall 

John  Marshall 

Andrew  Mawser 

Frederick  Mover 

James  McClain 

Peter  Marshall 

Jacob  Mumert 

Jacob  Miller 

Widow  McTaggart 

Edward  McBride 


VALUE. 

.      808 
.      928 


Andrew  Mcllvain 

Mathias  Mumert ..) 

Samuel  Mumert 

John  Mumert 

George  Mill 

William  Owings 

Widow  Patterson 

Isaac  Peter 

Martin  Rudy 

Herman  Roth,  weaver 

Bernard  Ruppert 

Abram  Serff ) 

David  Slagle* 

Christopher  Slagle 

Henry  Slaglef 

Henry  Slagle,  Jr 

Jacob  Shank 

Ferd.  Shultz 

Jacob  Slagle 

David  Sowers 

Joseph  Shultz ) ) ) 

William  Smith 

John  Stean,  weaver 

Fred  Stoll .'.' 

Jacob  Sowers 

Adam  Sowers 

Jacob  Shetrane 

William  Shetrane,  blacksmith 

C.  Schwobenland,  laborer 

Michael  Suhrbach,  blacksmith 

Daniel  Slagle 

Clement  Studenbaker.house carpenter 

John  Thomas 

Peter  Trine 

William  Thompson 

Peter  Traut 

John  Vandike 

Peter  Vana(r)sdalen 


'.-.(ISO 

28 

1,164 

8 

64 

952 

428 

384 

804 

20 

1,140 

68 

824 

12 

896 

1,287 

8 

1.192 

732 

192 

584 

764 

36 

1,348 

1,056 

204 

48 

916 

1,246 

1,072 

2,956 

1,332 

12 

428 

900 

492 

456 

624 

4 

56 

496 

292 

748 

4 


24 

1,037 
496 
!IS  1 
128 
544 
844 
460 
428 


•One  negro:  value,  HO. 

delDhia'tWn  5^A0f^LWiCk.ToJ1?abip'7aSvdele8»te  in  thc  convention  held  at  Carpenter's  Hall, 
oeipma,  June  18,  l/,5.    He  was  also  delegate  to  the  convention  of  1776. 


Phila- 


216  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

NAME.  VALVE.        NAME.  VALUE- 

John  Wunshuld 8  John  Wagoner 444 

Leonard  Widder 420  Jacob  Wist 764 

Caspar  Wise 1,048  John  Wolf 28 

Jacob  Weaver 24  Fred  Wolf 692 

John  Watsworth 8 

The  schools  date  back  to  1835-36.  M.  D.  G.  Pfeiffer,  delegate  from  Ber- 
wick to  the  School  Convention  of  November  4,  1834.  voted  in  favor  of  adopting 
the  common  school  system.  The  State  appropriation  was  $150.64  and  the  tax 
$145.84.  Directors  were  appointed  or  elected  prior  to  1840;  but  the  records 
for  that  period  are  defective. 

The  township  claimed  a  full  representation  in  the  regiments  of  the  Union 
Army  during  the  terrible  years  from  1861  to  the  close  of  1865.  Howard  M. 
Bittinger,  of  Abbottstown,  was  the  first  citizen  who  was  mustered  in  with  Com- 
pany E,  Second  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry,  the  first  organized 
in  the  county  in  1861. 

The  Berlin  branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Hanover  Railroad  passes  through 
the  northern  part  of  the  township  and  the  borough  of  Abbottstown.  The  only 
postoffice  in  Berwick  Township  is  Abbottstown. 


BOROUGH  OF  ABBOTTSTOWN,  1753-1886. 

This  borough  is  situated  in  the  extreme  northeastern  part  of  Berwick 
Township,  at  the  intersection  of  the  York  &  Gettysburg  and  Hanover  & 
Berlin  Turnpikes,  with  its  eastern  suburbs  running  into  York  County.  Th» 
new  railroad,  known  as  the  "  Berlin  Branch  Railroad, "  completed  in  1877,  over 
the  Gitt  survey  of  1875-76,  runs  through  the  borough.*  The  population  in 
1820  was  312;  sixty  years  later  the  census  enumerator  credited  the  borough 
with  318.  The  elevation,  at  the  square,  above  the  Atlantic  level  is  about  the 
same  as  Hunterstown,  or  578  feet. 

The  village  was  surveyed  and  platted  in  1755  by  John  Abbott,  and  ten  years 
after  one  Jacob  Pattison  purchased  a  lot,  the  first  sold  by  Abbott,  but  not  un- 
til 1781  was  the  era  of  improvement  introduced.  The  settlement  was  incor- 
porated in  1835  under  the  name  "Berwick  Borough."  The  number  of  tax- 
payers of  the  borough  (1886),  is  147;  value  of  real  estate,  $98,412;  number  of 
horses,  etc.,  40;  of  cows,  etc.,  30;  value  of  moneys  at  interest,  $190, 743;  value 
of  trades  and  professions,  $7,230;  number  of  pleasure  carriages,  34;  of  gold 
watches,  14;  no  timber  land. 

The  Harrisburg  Telegraph,  in  its  "  notes  and  queries,"  published  extracts 
from  an  old  diary,  dated  May  17,  1775,  relative  to  York  County.  In  this  the 
following  passage  about  Berwick  or  Abbottstown,  appears:  "Fifteen  miles 
from  York  is  a  small  village  called  Berwick  or  Abbottstown.  One  Dutch 
Lutheran  Church  with  a  cupola;  all  the  houses  built  of  square  logs. 
An  old,  kind  Dutch  lady  gave  our  horses  for  breakfast  a  dish  of  '  spelts;'  they 
are  a  coarse  species  of  wheat.  *  *  On  the  Conowago  is  another  set- 
tlement of  Irish.  Mr.  Hunter  has  some  relatives  here.  We  dined  with  them, 
who  were  highly  civil  to  us.  Twenty-two  miles  from  York  is  a  small  village 
called  Huntersville.  There  is  a  Presbyterian  meeting-house  now  belonging 
to  Mr.  Thompson.  Marsh  Creek  is  a  fine  brook;  low  banks  are  lined  with  tall 
sycamores. ' ' 

*  Abbottstown  subscribed  315,0  10  and  a  good  share  of  brains  to  this  railroad  enterprise. 


BERWICK    TOWNSHIP. 


217 


The  following  are  the  aames  of  the  residents  of  Abbottstown,  whose  pro- 
perty was  assessed  in  1  799: 


Thomas  Abbott 

Richard  Adams,  tanner 

Edward  Abbott's  lands 

Edward  Abbott 

II.  Bottenhime,  tumor 

Fn-d  Boyer,  merchant 

John  Brown,   tailor 

Fri id  Bower,  weaver 

F.  Berlin.  Sr.,  cord  winder 

George  Bermif 

George  Bangler,  blacksmith 

F.  Berlin.  Sr..  cord  winder 

F.  Baugher.  tanner 

Jaeob  Bent/,  tanner 

George  Berlin,  wheelwright 

George  Brown,  saddler 

Dr.  Daniel  Becker 

John  Bowman,  turner  

Jacob  Bottenhiner.  potter 

Widow  Bottenhiner 

Isaac  Berlin,  gunsmith 

James  Chamberlain 

Christian  Dick,  weaver 

Henry  Decker 

Widow  Donaldson 

.lames  Duncan,   merchant 

John  Elder,  innkeeper 

Jacob  Enck,  cord  winder  

David  Erb.  tavern 

Diedriek  Felty,  cord  winder 

George  Fahnestock,  merchant 

Samuel  Fahnestock,  merchant 

Eliza  Fox 

Michael  Fishall,  blacksmith 

Borins  Fahnestock,  mills 1 

Jacob  Fahnestock.  miller 

Michael  Galagher,  tailor 

Philip  Gilwix,  blacksmith 

Thomas  Gray 1 

John  Hull,  carpenter 

Philip  Hull,  nailer 

John  Hamilton 

Widow  Harding 

John  Hersh,  hotel 1 

Eliza  Henry 

George  Henry,  mason 

John  Henry,  mason 

Sebastian  Heafer,  mason 

Joseph  Herman,  wheelwright 

George  Herman 

Fred  Hoover 

John  Hildebrand 

Peter  Ickes,  hotel* 1, 

Widow  Johnson 

Joseph  Jonas 

John  Keller 


68 
800 

38 

it 

96 

84 

'.".i 

39 

20 

43 

I J 

904 

170 

4 

12 

108 

52 

12 

45 

52 

25 


20 

218 
60 
42 
70 
82 

118 

•jos 
30 
52 

116 

4 

24 

62 

140 
62 
47 
40 
68 

174 
30 
52 
4 

145 
32 
48 
38 

615 

113 
38 

516 
45 


Isaac  K'roiT.  saddler 52 

Casper  Kreiger,  cord  winder 104 

Peter  Clunk ico 

John  Keener 66 

Christ   KiolV 80 

John  Knight 21 

John  Kesselring,  laborer 

George  Krim.  nailer 52 

Joseph  Kuhn,  cooper 52 

Michael  King,  hotel 126 

Tobias  Kepner. 


200 

Ludwjg  Keffer,  estate 120 

Richard  Knight,  hotel ss 

Jacob  Lengifelter in 

Daniel  Lengifelter,  mason 32 

Henry    Long,  wheelwright 52 

John  Lehn,  weaver 39 

Widow  Lain 20 

Mathias  Martin,  blacksmith 52 

David  Myer.  hotel 188 

Jacob  NToel,  tailor 93 

Jacob  Nagle,  blacksmith 92 

John  Nagle,  Sr 18 

John  Nagle,  Jr.,  mason 92 

John  Xall,  carpenter 80 

John  Phleger,  hatter 52 

John  Plinsinger,  tailor 4 

William  Patterson,  merchant 108 

John  Patterson 24 

Joseph  Rebaw 4 

Joseph  Rebaw,  Jr,  tailor 4 

George  Reitzle,  turner 42 

Widow  Richardson 10 

George  Rowenjohn,  laborer 30 

Widow  Scaly 108 

John  Slagle.  tanner 60 

John  Sumberland 10 

James  Sumberland 684 

William  Storgean,  merchant 174 

George  Siesholy,  potter 34 

Peter  Shue,  weaver 24 

George  Schweitzer,  carpenter 75 

C.  Schlauch,  carpenter 112 

John  Sheet 28 

C.  Seller,  carpenter 64 

Jacob  Swigart 43 

John  Skitmore,  cord  winder 28 

Gabriel  Smith,  merchant 236 

Jacob  Sneally,  tanner 42 

John  Schenck,  carpenter 12 

Robert  Toyle,  hotel 296 

John  Wate.  hatter 42 

Jacob   Wolf,  cord  winder 32 

Sebastian  Wise,  millwright 64 

John  Wetterspoon 688 


The  total  valuation  of  township  and  village,  in  1799,  was  $93, 028,  on  which 
a  tax  of  46  cents  per  $100  was  collected  by  Jacob  Lingafielter  and  Christian 
Dick.  The  single  freemen  of  township  and  village  in  1799  were  taxed  $1  each. 
Their  names  are  as  follows:  Christian  Nagle,  Peter  Anchenbeck,  Samuel 
Boler,    William   Malone,   William  Bottenhiner,   Peter  Hallacker,   Jere  Witt, 

*0De  Negro,  value,  $2.5. 


218  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

John  Felix,  Samuel  Jacob,  Thomas  Radford,  John  B.  Arnold,  William  Grant, 
John  Wolf,  George  Schenck,  George  Seisholtz,  Thomas  Duffy  and  John 
Berlin. 

The  officers  of  Abbottstown  from  1864  (when  the  records  of  elections  began 
to  show  some  regularity)  to  the  present  time,  are  named  as  follows: 

1864 — Burgess* —Lewis  Myers;  council* — C.  H.  Grant,  J.  Wolf,  J.  Hafer, 
H.  Mollison,  J.  E.  Henky. 

1865 — No  record. 

1866 — Burgess — Sebastian  Hafer;  council — N.  P.  Grint,  J.  Asper,  M.  Yea- 
ger,  J.  H.  Fleckinger,  Em.  Harr. 

1867 — Burgess — Henry  Kobler;  council — W.  W.  Haffer,  George  Jerdy, 
George  H.  Balner,  J.  S.  Kohler,  John  Motter. 

1868— No  record. 

1869 — Burgess — Francis  J.  Wilson;  council — Joseph  Weil,  M.  J.  Yager,  A. 
D.  Grove,  H.  Stevens,  G.  Strubinger. 

1870 — Burgess — Henry  Stevens;  council — Jesse  Newcomer,  J.  Cairns.  Em. 
Harr,  Joseph  Harman,  John  Dirll. 

1871 — No  election  in  1871. 

1872 — Burgess — W.  T.  Hafer;  council — J.  F.  Kohler,  F.  W.  Grove,  Jacob 
Hamon,  Matthias  Wichter. 

1873 — No  record. 

1874 — Burgess — Henry  Miller;  council — M.  Steffon,J.  Weil,  P.  Langhman, 
J.  Doll,  (J.  Mallison,   G.  Strubinger,  tie). 

1875 — Burgess — F.  J.  Wilson;  council — John  Noel,  John  Fowler,  Sr., 
George  Myers,  J.  Kinneman,  William  Steffon. 

1876 — Burgess — William  Hildebrand;  council — Samuel  Felix,  F.  X.  Noel, 
P.  Laughman,  M.  Yeager,  C.  Shue. 

1877 — Burgess — Jeseph  Wolf;  council — Joseph  Reigle,  H.  Meyer,  G.  Liv- 
ingston, H.  Housholder,  S.  B.  Baughman. 

1878—  Burgess— Joseph  Wolf;  council— G.  Dellone,  S.  Felix,  D.  A.  Miller, 
A.  Lillich,  Reuben  Wolf. 

1879— Burgess— W.  W.  Hafer;  council— G.  Dellone,  A.  Gillich,  S.  Felix. 
T.  McClain,  D.   Miller. 

1880 — Burgess — Daniel  Felix;  council — H.  Motter,  P.  Laugham,  G.  Liv- 
ingston, J.  Raber,  C.  Shue,  Em.    Trostle.f 

1881 — Burgess — Reuben  Altland;  council — J.  Kinneman,  M.  Nagle,  J. 
Noel,  A.  J.  Baker,  D.  A.  Miller,  G.  Dellone. 

1882 — Burgess — Gregorv  Dellone;  council — J.  Morrison,  P.  Laughman,  J. 
Noel,  L.  Kobler,  D.  C.  Hollinger,  C.  Shull. 

1883 — Burgess — George  Dellone;  council — S.  Felix,  P.  Laughman,  Lewis 
Kobler,  M.  Nagle,  C.  Minter,  Samuel  Steffan. 

1884 — Burgess — Reuben  Altland;  council — Pearson,  Lillich,  Noel  (tie), 
Berckhimer,   Mackley. 

1885 — Burgess — Solomon  Moul;   council — Lewis  W.  Kobler,   John  Noel. 

The  justices  elected  within  the  above  period  of  twenty-one  years  include 
Washington  Metzgar,  1874;  John  H.  Fleckinger,  1878;  Washington  Metzgar, 
1879;  John  H.  Fleckinger,   1883-84. 

The  borough  contains  a  few  manufacturing  industries.  The  manufacture 
of  good  cigars  at  reasonable  prices  is  a  marked  f eature  of  its  enterprise. 

•In  183V  Frederick  W.  Kohler  was  elected  hurgess,  and  Solomon  Hartnian,  H.  Eichelberger,  S.  Haffer,  J. 
Carl  and  Henry  Myers,  councilnien.  In  1S40  H.  Eichelberger,  Isasc  Berlin  and  F.  W.  Kohler  were  elected 
councilmen. 

fP.  C.  McCann  was  secretary  in  1880-81. 


BERWICK    TOWNSHIP.  221 

NEWBPAPEBS. 

Two  years  prior  to  the  organization  of  Abbottstown  as  a  borough  a  German 
newspaper,  The  Intelligencer,  was  instituted  by  F.  W.  Koehler,  and  continued 
regular  publications  dowrj  to  1848.  In  this  year  the  name  was  changed  to 
Wochenblatt,  under  which  it  was  published  till  its  fall  in  1850.  The  Yellow 
Jacket,  a  campaign  sheet,  was  issue, 1  bj  N.  R.  Buckley  and  F.  W.  Koehler  in 
1840,  and  carried  on  through  the  tierce  political  battles  of  that  year. 

POSTOFFICE. 

Over  half  a  century  ago  the  Abbottstown  postoffice  was  the  fourth  in 
order  of  business  within  the  county,  the  revenue  from  the  sale  of  postage 
stamps  amounting  in  1834  to  the  large  sum  of  180.39.  At  this  time, 
too,  the  village  was  a  busy  place,  teamsters  and  coaches  on  the  Philadelphia 
and  Pittsburgh  route  filling  the  village  daily  with  new  faces  and  new  outfits. 
The  very  nature  and  extent  of  this  intercourse  reduced  the  postoffice  business 
to  something  nominal,  as  the  travelers  would  carry  written  and  verbal  mes- 
sages along  the  route,  and  thus  save  the  people  the  money  which  a  low  postal 
rate  would  induce  into  the  United  States  Treasury.  When  Col.  George  Ickes 
was  appointed  postmaster,  and  during  his  administration  the  stage  coach  and 
freighting  business  gave  way  to  modern  means  of  transportation.  The  office 
grew  in  importance,  and  when  E.  H.  Stahle  was  appointed,  it  was  one  of 
the  first  offices  in  the  county. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

The  founder  of  the  village  died  prior  to  1799,  and  bequeathed  his  lands — 
the  most  valuable  tract— to  Thomas  Abbott,  north  of  the  Y.  &  G.  Turnpike, 
and  the  less  valuable  to  Edward  on  the  south  side.  Dr.  Abbott  Carnes  and 
Calvin  Carnes,  great-grandchildren  of  John  Abbott,  are  all  the  senior  repre- 
sentatives of  the  old  family  now  in  the  country.  Joseph  Berlin  died  in  1879, 
aged  about  ninety  years. 

Jacob  Wolf,  a  centenarian,  died  near  Abbottstown  in  March,  1869,  his 
children,  grand,  great-grand  and  great-great-grandchildren  then  numbering 
240.  Frederick  Wolf,  another  aged  resident,  remembers  to  have  seen  the  fig- 
ures 1777  over  the  pulpit  of  the  Emanuel  Reformed  Church.  Mrs.  Saner,  who 
died  in  L884,  aged  one  hundred  and  two  years,  was  one  of  the  pioneers.  Mrs. 
Agnes  Wolf  now  resides  on  the  site  of  the  first  house  ever  erected  at  Abbotts  - 
town,  some  of  the  material  of  which  was  used  in  building  Mrs.  Grove's 
residence.  The  stone  house  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  borough  was  erected 
in  1781  (it  is  supposed  by  George  Henry,  a  stone-mason).  On  the  building 
stone  is  the  inscription,   '-Built  by  G.    R,   A.   D.   1781." 

Not  one  of  the  taxpayers  of  1799  is  now  living.  Their  grand  and  great- 
grandchildren, however,  perpetuate  their  names,  and  many  continue  to  reside 
in  the  very  district  which  their  pioneer  ancestors  reclaimed  from  the  wilderness 

state. 

I  HIRCHES    AND    SOCIETIES. 

Emanuel  Reformed  Church  was  founded  by  Rev.  Jacob  Lischey  during  the 
Revolution,  and  it  is  stated  that  a  house  of  worship  was  erected  in  1777, "such 
statement  being  made  on  the  fact  that  Frederick  Wolf  and  others  saw  the  fig- 
ures over  the  pulpit.  The  first  authentic  account,  however,  credits  the  con- 
gregation with  erecting  a  church  in  1782,  during  the  pastorate  of  Mr.  Rahau- 
ser.  What  is  known  as  the  "  Stone  Church  "  was  begun  August  15,  1847,  and 
dedicated  June  12,  1848.     The  ministers  who  have  served  this   mission  are 

I2A 


222  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

named  as  follows  :  Eevs.  Rahauser,  John  Ernst,  1800-12;  F.  W.  Vanders 
loot,  1826-31;  C.  Hefenstein,  1814-26;  S.  C.  Bennett,  1832-34;  D.  Zeigler, 
1834-35;  S.  Gutelins,  1835;  J.  Sechler;  I.  Hoffheins,  1853;  F.  W.  P.  Davis, 
1863;  A.  Spangler:  W.  F.  Colliflower,  1872-79,   and  D.  U.  Wolf,  1880-86. 

St.  John's  Lutheran  Church  was  built  of  logs  in  1782  or  1783,  and  con- 
tinned  in  use  until  1829,  when  the  building  and  records  were  destroyed  by 
fire,  said  to  have  been  started  by  refugee  negroes.  Jacob  Fahnestock  and  son 
saved  part  of  the  communion  service  and  some  other  articles.  On  June  30, 
1830,  the  corner-stone  of  the  present  brick  building  was  placed,  under  the 
direction  of  Nicholas  Henry,  George  Baugher,  John  "Wolf  and  Joseph  Carl, 
the  building  committee,  and  Rev.  Jonathan  Ruthrauff,  pastor.  The  roll 
of  ministers  comprises  the  following  names  :  George  Bager,  1768;  Daniel 
Schroeder,  1780;  J.  G.  Grob  (or  Graph),  1788;  —  Rabenack,  1804;  Daniel 
Raymond,  1807;  John  Meltzeimer,  1820;  Jonathan  Ruthrauff,  1829;  Leonard 
Gei-hart,  1837;  Peter  Scheuer,  1839;  William  Hailig,  1842;  Charles  Witmer, 
1846;  Leonard  Gerhart,  1850;  D.  J.  Hauer,  1862;  Michael  Snyder,  1873; 
M.  Alleman;  S.  P.  Ormby,  1879;  John  Tomlinson  to  1886.  Dr.  "William 
Hollinger  is  secretary  of  the  society.  The  membership  is  290,  and  value  of 
property  $5,000. 

The  Catliolic  Church,  known  as  "Paradise  Chapel,"  just  north  of  Abbotts- 
town,  is  referred  to  in  the  history  of  Hamilton  Township. 

The  Abbottstown  Bible  Society  was  organized  October  1 7,  1869,  with  Rev. 
Dr.  Hauer,  president. 

A  G.  A.  R.  Post  was  recently  organized  at  Abbottstown. 


CHAPTER    XXVIII. 

BUTLER  TOWNSHIP. 


THIS  township  was  organized  August  20,  1849,  from  parts  of  the  original 
townships  of  Menallen  and  Franklin. 

Conowago  Creek  enters  at  its  northwestern  corner,  forms  its  southern  bend 
and  flows  thence  in  a  tortuous  course  east  through  the  center  of  the  south  half 
of  the  township.  Opossum  Creek  enters  the  township  at  a  point  northwest  of 
Center  Mills,  and  thence  south  by  east  to  its  confluence  with  Conowago  Creek, 
opposite  the  Dull  homestead.  Numerous  tributaries  of  these  creeks  flow  at 
random,  leaving  very  few  acres  without  a  running  brook. 

Pine  Hill,  north  of  the  "  Colored  Church,  "is  the  only  prominent  high  land 
in  the  township.  There  are,  however,  several  hills,  which  lend  to  the  township 
a  heavy  rolling  appearance.  The  elevation  at  Biglerville  is  643  feet,  and  at 
Centre  Mills  713  feet. 

The  farmers  claim  for  this  division  of  the  county  a  high  reputation  for 
the  lands  and  productive  qualities  of  the  soil.  This  claim  appears  well 
founded,  and  statistics  support  it. 

The  geological  features  consist  of  an  outcrop  of  green  S,  S,  enclosing  frag- 
ments of  calcite,  feldspar  and  similar  substances,  and  showing  a  lenticular 
concretion.  This  occurs  a  half  mile  north  of  Centre  Mills.  Many  of  the 
rocks  credited  to  adjoining  townships  are  also  found  here.  A  magnetic  iron 
ore  bed  was  worked  on  the  John  C.  Markley  farm,  near  Centre  Mills,  in 
August,  1868. 


Bl  i  :.i:i;   TOWNSHIP.  228 

The  population  in  1850  was  1,245,  and  '-'I  colored;  in  I860,  1,272  inolud 
ing  28  eolored;  in  L870,  1,313,  including  20  colored,  and  in  L880,  I  L05 
The  number  of  tax  payers  i  L886)  is  120;  total  value  of  real  estate,  $429*205' 
number  of  torses,  etc.,  390;  number  of  cows,  etc,  t22;  value  of  moneys  at 
interest,  $34,463;  value  of  trades  and  professions,  $8,941;  number  of  car 
riages,   L95;  gold  watches,   I:  acres  of  timber  land,  869. 

The  old  bridgesof  the  township  «vere  erected  in  the  following  order  of 
time:  Priorto  L839  the  several  creeks  were  forded,  and  even  to  day  near  Ben 
dor's  Church  the  traveler  bus  to  risk  a  crossing  of  some  fe^  swift  running 
streams.  In  1839  Camp  erect  oil  a  wooden  bridge  ()Ver  tin-  <i,vat  (',„,,  ,»,■,,,,? 
on  the  road  from  Gettysburg  to  Newville,  for  $1,390.  In  1857  Jonas  Rouan 
zahn  erected  a  wooden  bridge  across  the  Conowago  on  the  Arendtsville  and 
BeU's  Mil]  road,  tor  $1,120.  In  I860  J.  .M.  Pittenturf  built  a  covered  bridge 
over  Opossum  Creek,  on  the  Arendtsville  and  East  Berlin  road,  for  $1100. 
In    1867    Henrj    Chritzman  erected  a  covered  wooden  bridge  over  Opossum 

Creek  at  Bricker's  mill  for  $1,798.      In  L869  Samuel  Stouffer  erecteda  v, I, 

bridge  over  the  Conowago  at  Weirman's  mill,  on  the  Arendtsville  and  Bteler 
ville  road,   for   SI, 030.  ° 

OBMETEEIES. 

Among  the  old  places  of  intermeni  within  the  county,  that  known  as  Ben 
der's  Grave  yard  dates  its  beginning  back  in  the  last  century.    The  first  burial 

•in  Bender's  Cemetery  was  fchal  of  a  man   who.  in  crossing  a  fence,  fell  on  a 

Bcythe  which  he  was  carryingto  John  Galbrath's.     The  second  was  that  of  a 
man  who  fell  from  a   scaffold  and  broke  his  nock  while  building  the  church  in 

L781.     The  names  of  the  aged,  old  residents  of  Butler  Township  who  res* 

here,  as  far  as  head-stones  give  names  and  dates  of  death,  are  as  follows: 

Casper  Saurier 1700  Benry  Lower  i<uw 

Henrich  Schmeiser 1795      Solomon  Peters  lssn 

Nicholas    Dietrich 1844      Jacob  Rex  is,- > 

John  Cease 1881      Jacob  Eyster laqq 

Adam  Geagy 1861       Marin  Ma-dina  Sch'leb'ach  ". 785 

Maria  (.caeo.- 1801      Geo.  Huber ""  laoo 

Jacob  Weidncr 1871       Catherine  Bender ]sn; 

learner  Wtldner 1861  Yv    Burkbirt.  si', 

William  Cashman 1860     Wm.  Meals  urn 

CathermeBeiUermaii 1866      Eliza  Raenharg..., isao 

Eliza  Hoffman 1804      Geo.   Hanzcll. .'      824 

Michael  Munch 1847      Conrad  Plank 1854 

Catherine  Mmich 1843      Jacob  Meals iSs! 

Philip   Long  1853      Simon    Becker ....." s,w 

JohnTHenry  Bender 1843      Jacob  Pensvl.. . .  810 

Catherine  Bender 1844      Wm.  , Carder l856 

J;!/:'"'"  ><>-" 1826      Ester,  his  wife '. \Z1* 

Elizabeth  Mowrar 1833      Geo.  Geise ,s-< 

John  Maurey 1834      John  Schlebach '.'.'. 70s 

■b>«n  R.hcr 1807       Jonas  Blanch itou 

Daniel  hx             ISSa  Abruntme  s4' 

Michael  Dietrich 1834      Daniel  Slaybaugh "  1881 

Peter  Slaybaugh 1831      Gteo.  Fidler. 8i;, 

B.B.  Scbroeder 1856      John  Deitrich «ja 

RclMrtHuBton I8d7  Geo.  Gilbert  oic 

Jacob  Wlrth.. 1805       Henry  Peter ,sji' 

Margaret  Winhn l8Ci  1)  ,-„■  1  IV  ,f  rhirn  8?5 

Geo.  Eyster 1836      John  Maurer «2t 

Henry  Koser 1858      Jacob  Rex tsoo 

JohnCarson 1848      Eliza  Rex isia 

J-chnIT)ul    r      .      18o4  Elizabeth  Guider  1013 

Capt.  John  Garder I860      Ulrica  Peters 842 

Susanna  Dutterow 1818      Barbara  Blaybaugh  ..'.'.' 842 

Magdalena  Menges 1862      John  Jacob  Schrivcr.  .. .  1852 


224  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

Joseph  Baughman 1826  Conrad  Schriver 1855 

Adam  Maurer 1792  Geo.  Huber 1735 

Jacob  Weaver 1850  Anna  Maria  Yells 1843 

Jesse  Houck 1880  John  W.  Dull 1873 

Geo.  J.  Hartzell 1853  H.  Clisabeth 1810 

Margaret  Rich 1833  John  Quickel 1839 

John  Meals 1852  Jacob  Thomas 1822 

Adam  Garder 1864  John  Dottery 1836 

Win.  Wert 1882  John  Jacob  Eiholtz 1839 

Henry  Witmor • 1875  Joseph  Dull 1852 

Maria  E.  wife  of  John  Dottarer 1862  Jacob  Boyer 1848 

Henry  Eighinger 1858  Elizabeth  Meals 1826 

John  McDonnell 1844  Jacob  Lutshaw 1833 

A  number  of  head- stones,  dated  17S8,  forward,  in  memory  of  the  Oysterin 
family,  are  still  preserved. 

The  new  cemetery  at  Biglerville,  on  the  heights  west  of  the  Bendersville 
road,  was  established  in  1884,  and  now  contains  about  twenty  graves  marked 
by  monuments. 

The  Old  Quaker  Cemetery,  near  Centre  Mills,  in  rear  of  the  Dunkard  Church 
and  cemetery,  on  the  hill  above  the  Deardorff  homestead,  dates  back  to  1825, 
when  Mary  Griest  was  buried  there.  The  grounds  have  grown  wild  dur- 
ing the  last  twenty-five  years,  but  among  the  tall  grasses  and  underbrush, 
head-stones  giving  the  following  names  and  dates  may  be  found:  Alice 
McCreary,  1855;  David  McCreary,  1828;  Samuel  Harlan,  1859;  Sarah  Har= 
Ian,  1873;  Levi  Hutton,  1844;  Martha  Hutton,  1827;  Samuel  B.  Wright, 
1859;  Thomas  McCreary,  1865;  John  W.  Cook,  1853;  William  W.  Cook,  1864; 
Nathan  Wright,  1853;  Levi  Greist,  1864;  Thomas  W right,  1845;  Samuel 
Wright,  1846;  Eve  Wright,  184'.!;  Mary  B.  Fisher,    1845. 

The  Dunkard  Cemetery  is  little  older  than  the  old  weather-boarded  meeting- 
house within  its  enclosure.  Its  location  is  just  in  front  of  the  Friends'  burial 
place,  and  in  it  rest  the  remains  of  many  old  settlers,  of  whom  the  marble 
gives  the  following  record  of  date  of  death :  Peter  Studabecker,  1S53 ;  Jacob 
Bosserman,  1873;  Jacob  Lentz,  1883;  Peter  Hummer,  1855;  Elenora  Trim- 
mer, 1853;  Mary  Yeatts,  1873;  Simon  Young,  1879;  Samuel  Deardorff,  1865; 
John  Musser,  1861. 

MIDDLETOWN  OR  BIGLEKVILLE. 

This  village  dates  back  to  1817,  when  it  was  surveyed  and  platted  by 
Samuel  White,  and  lots  (drawn  by  ticket)  sold  November  17  of  that  year.  It 
was  a  paper  village  until  April,  1S43,  when  Henry  Hartzell,  who  purchased 
White's  interest  in  1839,  erected  a  building  at  the  intersection  of  the  Gettys- 
burg and  Newville,  and  the  Chambersburg  and  Berlin  roads.  Prior  to  April 
1,  1884,  when  the  first  regular  train  was  run  over  the  Gettysburg  &  Harris- 
burg  Railroad,  the  village  retained  its  primitive  characteristics,  but  once  the 
whistle  of  the  locomotive  was  heard  a  new  era  introduced  itself;  new  buildings 
sprang  into  existence,  and  the  good  work  then  begun  has  been  continued,  until 
Biglerville  of  to-day  rjresents  a  good  brick  business  block, several  semi-detached 
business  buildings,  a  good  hotel,  brick  church  buildings  and  a  few  modern  res- 
idences, with  about  thirty  smaller  homes.  On  the  north,  west  and  east  the 
location  is  sheltered  by  hills,  leaving  the  business  center  lying,  as  it  were,  in 
a  ditch — the  proper  designation  for  the  Chainbersburg  &  Berlin  Road  at  this 
particular  place.      The  railroad  depot  is  near  the  business  center. 

S.  R.  Bream  was  appointed  postmaster  in  August,  1885,  vice  J.  A.  H. 
Rether.  Rether's  brick-yard,  on  the  Gettysburg  road,  and  the  cigar  factories 
are  the  only  manufacturing  industries. 


HUTLl.lt   TOWNSHIP.  225 

OHCBCHBS    AM'    SOCIETY. 

The  United  Brethren  Association  was  organized  January  19,  L859,  by  Rev, 
J.  C.  Weidler.  In  1872  work  on  their  church  building  began,  and  the  house 
was  dedicated  January  11.  1874,  by  Bishop-  Edwards,  assisted  by  Rev.  J.  C. 
Weidler.  Tbis  church  forms  a  part  of  the  Bendersville  mission,  and  is  known 
as  "Centenary  ( Ihurch. " 

Lutheran  Church. — This  societ]  was  organized  at  Biglerville  March  27, 
I8S1,  witli  \V.  L.  Hcislcr  as  pastor;  number  of  monilicrs,  twenty  one  The  corner 
stone  of  the  present  substantial  brick  structure  was  laid  August  21,  L881,  and 
the  church  dedicated.  May  7,  1882,  Rev.  Dr.  Wolf  preaching  the  sermon.  The 
building  is  provided  with  a  steep],,  and  good  hell,  vestibule,  etc.,  and  has  a 
Beating  capacity  for  about  350.     Cost,  13,500.     George  W.  McSherry,  pastor. 

The  Dunkard  Church,  the  "Colored  Church,"  northeast  and  northwest  of 
the  village  respectively,  and  the  Friends'  Meeting  house,  north  of  Flora  Dale, 
as  well  as  Bender's  Reformed  Church  and  Lutheran  Union  Church,  may  bo 
all  classed  as  neighboring  churches. 

Carnji  No.  162  of  P.  O.  S.  of  A.  was  instituted  at  Biglerville  February  2i), 
1872,  with  J.  C.  Markley.  P.P.;   W.  H.  Dietrich,  P.,  and  S.  J.  Smith,  K.  S. 

BEECHERSVILLE. 

This  hamlet  is  situated  on  the  west  line  of  the  township,  about  one  mile 
southeast  "f  Arendtsville,  and  three  miles  west  by  south  of  Biglerville. 

The  settlement  was  founded,  in  1825,  by  David  Beecher,  on  lands  war- 
ranted, in  L788,  by  Jacob  Gilbert.  This  year  he  built  a  tannery,  and  in  1882 
erected  the  woolen-mills  on  a  site  occupied  for  forty  years  before  by  the  old 
carding  and  fulling-mill.  The  Conowago  Woolen  Factory,  owned  by  David 
Beecher  ami  Robert  .Morrison.  wTas  an  important  industry  as  early  as  1828.  He 
also  built  a  paper-mill  in  1837,  one-quarter  mile  down  the  creek!  '  R,  G.  Mc- 
Creary  converted  this  into  a  box  board  factory,  the  Conowago  Paper  Company 
enlarged  it,  and  manufactured  straw  printing  paper  until  its  destruction  by  fire 
in  1875.  In  1873  newspaper  paper  was  manufactured  by  Ingram  &  Cook,  of 
Beechersvillo,  who  leased  the  R.  G.  McCreary  mills.  The  Conowago  Paper 
Company  was  organized  in  May.  1873,  with  E.  W.  Stable,  president:  R.  (<. 
.McCreary,  secretary:  W.  A.  Duncan,  treasurer;  O.  F.  Ingram,  superintendent, 
and  Col.  Cook,  machinist,  for  the  manufacture  of  straw  printing  paper. 

Down  the  creek  from  Beeehersville  are  the  Roth  Mills,  established  about 
fifty  eight  years  ago,  on  the  David  McConaughy  lands  of  1733.  About  this 
time  Mr.  McConaughy  built  the  first  grist  mill  'on  this  tract. 

In  1807  John  Mumma  erected  the  present  grist-mill.  The  McConaughy 
tract  was  patented  to  Moses  Harland,  by  the  Penns,  in  1745.  Harland  was 
led  there  by  Indians,  who  spoke  highly  of  the  soil  and  water-power.  It  is 
strange  that  an  industry  established  'by  David  McConaughy  153  years  ago 
should  find  a  home  here  still — stranger  is  it  that  a  grandson  or  great-grandson 
of  this  useful  pioneer  should  be  interested  in  a  grist-mill  some  six  miles  south, 
at  ( i  i  ■  1 1 _\  sburg,  to-day. 

CENTRE    MILLS    AND    MENALLEN    POST0FFICE. 

The  two  tracts,  to  which  the  above  names  art'  given,  are  very  old  settle 
ments.  A  reference  to  the  original  assessment  rolls  of  Menallen  and  Franklin 
Townships,  from  which  Butler  Township  was  detached  in  18  111.  points  out  a 
number  of  names  identified  with  this  division  of  the  township  for  over  100 
years.  Over  half  a  century  ago  the  old  postoffice  of  Menallen  was  the  ninth. 
in  point  of  business,  within  the  county,  the  receipts  for  postal  stamps  being 


226  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

$28.  5  t.  It  was  the  first  point  of  gpssip,  for  it  is  related  that  men  would 
come  in  from  the  neighboring  country  every  evening,  and  were  there  not  news 
to  satisfy  them  "  they  would  make  news."  In  August,  1885,  J.  G.  Weaver 
was  appointed  postmaster  of  Menallen  or  Centre  Mills, succeeding  J.  H.  Bushey. 
Hance  Hamilton  died  here  in  1772,  and  was  interred  in  Black's  Cemetery, 
whence  his  remains  were  removed  to  Evergreen  Cemetery  on  the  suggestion  of 
H.  J.  Stahle,  of  the  Compiler.  This  old  settler,  who  took  such  a  leading  part 
in  the  early  history  of  York  and  Adams  Counties,  is  said  to  have  been  a  brother 
of  Col.  John  Hamilton  (who  built  the  first  stone  house  in  Mountpleasant),  a 
native  of  Ireland,  and  an  uncompromising  enemy  of  the  loyalist  factions  from 
1758  forward. 

TABLE    EOCK. 

This  is  the  name  given  to  a  settlement  below  Bender's  Church,  when  a 
postoffice  was  established  there  some  years  ago.  It  is  also  known  as  the 
"Lower  Settlement, "  on  account  of  the  lower  grist  and  saw-mills,  lower  store 
and  lower  blacksmith  shop.     Hiram  L.  Harris  was  the  postmaster. 

Bender's  Church,  a  union  of  Lutheran  and  Reformed  societies,  dates  back 
to  April  7,  1781,  when  both  congregations  were  organized.  In  1811  a  build- 
ing was  erected  by  Conrad  Lower-  on  the  site  of  the  first  house  of  worship.  Of 
the  Reformed  society  the  following  named  have  been  pastors:  Lebrecht  Hinch, 
1781;  B.  F.  Schneck,  Jacob  Bair,  S.  S.  Gutelius,  J.  G.  Fritchey,  John  Sice, 

C.  H.  Hoffmeier,  H.  Aurand,  F.  Netcher,  J.  Zeigler,  D.  W.  Wolf,  A.  J. 
Heller  and  M.  H.  Sangree. 

The  pastors  of  the  Lutheran  society  have  been  Rev.  Melsheimer,  1781; 
John  Herbst,  C.  H.  Weyl,  John  TJlrich,  J.  K.  Miller,  Rev.  Martin,  M.  Snyder, 

D.  M.  Blackwelder,  D.  Long,  A.  J.  Heirler  and  G.  W.  McSherry.  The  logs 
of  the  original  church  are  now  in  Samuel  Deardorff's  house,  a  mile  distant 
from  the  present  church. 

The  Friends'  Grove  Quaker  Meeting-House,  abandoned  in  1838,  is  said  to 
have  had  its  origin  in  1743,  the  same  year  in  which  the  Warrington  monthly 
meeting  was  separated  from  the  Gadsburg  (Chester  County)  meeting.  Joseph 
Elger,  Isaac  Everett  and  Abel  Thomas  were  the  first  preachers.  The  latter 
from  1801  to  1817,  in  which  year  he  died. 


This  is  a  small  settlement  on  the  Gettysburg  and  Bendersville  road,  south  of 
Biglerville.  The  altitude  of  the  place — all  that  is  remarkable  about  it — is 
G03  feet. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

The  Gillilands  settled  on  lands  now  owned  by  William  Bream,  where  a  fort 
was  built  about  1754.  Isaac,  the  Indian,  lived  with  his  sister  in  a  hut  on 
Opossum  Creek,  below  the  old  Gilliland  Mill,  better  known  as  "Fisher's 
Mill." 

The  Farmers'  Association  of  Butler  and  Menallen  Townships  was  organized 
in  1879,  and  the  first  meeting  was  held  at  A.  W.  Griest's  house. 

The  Butler  Township  Lyceum  was  organized  in  November,  1866. 

The  first  settlers  of  Butler  mustered  in  the  cause  of  the  Revolution  in 
1775,  and  among  the  300  men  from  this  county  who  marched  from  Littlestown, 
in  Wayne's  command,  to  abolish  the  first  vestige  of  British  oppression  at 
Yorktown,  Va.,  were  some  of  the  yeomanry  of  Butler.  Clarence  M.  Camp. 
James  H.  Walter  and  William  Reary,  residents  of  Middletown.  were  the  first 
troops  from  Butler  Township  to  respond  to  the  call  of  April,  1861.      They 


CONOWAGO  TOWNSHIP.  227 

■wore  mustered  in  with  Company  E,  Second  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteer 
Infantry. 

The  Gettysburg  &  Harrisburg  Railroad  runs  through  the  township  in  a 
somewhat  tortuous  course  from  north  to  south.  The  postoffices  in  Butler 
Township  are  Bigler,  Menalleu.  Guernsey,  Goldensville  and  Table  Rock. 


CHAPTER  XXIX. 
CONOWAGO  TOWNSHIP  AND  BOROUGH  OF  McSHERRYSTOW  X. 

CONOWAGO  TOWNSHIP  is  a  division  of  the  county  that  was  formed  out  of 
Heidelberg  and  Manheim  Townships  in  1801,  and  organized  that  year. 
Its  original  name  was  Digges'  Choice,  bestowed  upon  it  in  1727.  In  1730  the 
Lillys  settled  here  and  gave  to  it  its  Indian  name,  Conewako. 

Little  Conowago  Creek  forms  the  whole  western  and  southern  lino  of  Cono- 
wago Township,  McSherry  Creek,  called  in  early  years  '  'Plum  Creek, "  is  a 
native  stream,  rising  in  the  ore  hills  in  the  southeastern  districts,  and  flowing 
in  a  genera]  northwesterly  course  to  its  confluence  with  the  Little  Conowago 
on  the  Dovine  farm.  Each  stream  affords  water-power  for  mills,  while  serving 
to  drain  the  entire  township.  The  township  north  of  McSherrystown  is  de- 
cidedly hilly,  but  both  hill  and  dale  afford  some  of  the  finest  limestone  land  in 
the  whole  county.  The  elevation  of  McSherrystown  above  the  Atlantic  is 
518  feet. 

The  geological  outcrop  shows  slaty  limestone,  argillite  with  dendritic 
stain,  roofing  slate,  slate  impregnated  with  iron,  all  just  southwest  of  Hanover 
Junction.  Light  blue,  white  and  slaty  limestones  are  found  north  of  the 
Gettysburg  &  Hanover  Railroad.  Light  blue,  pure  limestone,  granular  speckled, 
light  cream,  light- white-streaked  lime  is  found  in  the  Barnitz,  Meyers'  and  Hen- 
dricks' quarries,  east  and  north  by  east  of  McSherrystown.  Slaty  conglomerate, 
chlorite,  slate,  compact  limonite,  argillaceous  limonite,  sandy  slate  with  spec- 
ular iron,  micaceous  ore  and  magnetite,  mesozoic  mud  rock.  The  "Blue 
Spring,"  near  Conowago  Chapel,  was  sounded  over  a  century  ago  by  one  of 
the  Jesuit  fathers,  but  the  plummet  found  no  resting  place.  It  is  said  to  be 
a  bottomless  well. 

In  September,  1881,  the  shy  blacksnake  of  Round  Top  was  seen  by  Hiram 
A\  aiien.  who  states  his  length  to  be  fifteen  feet.  For  over  a  quarter  of  a  cen- 
tury this  reptile  has  been  known  to  reside  in  this  neighborhood.  Rattlesnakes 
having  as  many  as  sixteen  rattles  are  found  among  the  younger  ones.  In 
August,  18/0,  a  turtle  was  found  near  Round  Top,  marked  "I.  P.,  1825." 
Locusts  visited  the  county  in  1834,  1851  and  1868,  making  their  headquarters 
in  this  township  at  every  visit. 

In  1821  a  stone  hatchet  was  found  by  Miss  Mary  McCreary  in  the  rear  of 
Conowago  Chapel,  on  the  old  John  McCreary  land,  and  on  the  site  of  the 
old  Indian  wigwam  which  stood  there  when  the  whites  first  came,  and  where, 
it  i-  said,  the  first  missionaries  of  the  Catholic  Church  held  the  first  Christian 
ceremonies  in  the  county.  Many  such  relics  of  Indian  occupation  have  been 
since  unearthed.  Historic  turtles  were  found  on  the  Hoke  farm  in  November, 
L877.   One  was  marked  "A.  Storm,  1821 ;"  the  second,  "John  Sindorff,  1846;" 


228  HISTORY  OP  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

third  "M.  S.,  1829,  and  "F.  S.,  1834,"  and  the  fourth  "G.  M.  and  R.  F." 
The  Storms  lived  on  the  Hoke  farm  for  about  forty  years  and  the  Sindorffs 
were  a  mile  distant. 

The  population  in  1800  was  448  in  the  Heidelberg  and  22  in  the  Manheim 
divisions;  in  1810  about  700;  in  1820,  1,030,  including  McSherrystown,  191; 
in  1830,  878;  in  1840,  899;  in  1850,  775,  including  8  slaves;  in  1860,  950, 
including  2  colored;  in  1870,  1,029,  including  9  colored;  and  in  1880,  1,211 
including  McSherrystown.  The  number  of  taxpayers  (1886)  is  231;  value  of 
real  estate,  $454,991;  number  of  horses  etc.,  233;  number  of  cows,  etc.,  259; 
value  of  moneys  at  interest,  $37,092;  value  of  trades  and  professions  §6,995; 
number  of  carriages,  73;  gold  watches  14;  acres  of  timber  land,  275.  The 
retailers  of  foreign  merchandise  in  1S2S,  according  to  the  sworn  statement  of 
Constable  Jacob  Eyster,  were  William  Albright  and  Adam  O.  Aster.  They 
were,  in  fact,   the  only  traders  in  the  township. 

Among  the  old  bridges  of  the  township  are  a  few  which  have  stood  both 
flood  and  travel  for  over  forty  years.  In  1825  a  wooden  bridge  was  built  over 
the  Little  Conowago  at  Dellone's,  near  McSherrystown,  for  $550,  by  Henry 
Eck.  Kitzmiller's  Mill  wooden  bridge  on  the  Littlestown  and  Hanover  road, 
was  erected  in  1837  for  $1,690.  by  John  Camp.  In  1848  Adam  Slagle  erected 
a  wooden  bridge  over  the  Little  Conowago  near  the  chapel  for  $780.  In 
1857  John  Finley  built  the  covered  '  bridge  over  the  Little  Conowago  on  the 
Gettysburg  and  Hanover  road  for  $1,274.  In  1862  J.  M.  Pittenturf  built  a 
covered  wooden  bridge  over  the  Little  Conowago  at  Lilly's  mill  for  $1,193. 

On  September  10,  1857.  the  first  train  of  cars  in  Adams  County  move 
across  the  line,  and  was  received  by  William  McSherry,  David  Wells,  H  J. 
Stahl  and  others.  After  some  speeches  had  been  delivered  the  train  passed 
over  the  Hanover  Branch  Railroad  to  the  Junction.  The  construction  of  the 
Hanover,  Littlestown  &  Frederick  City  Railroad  was  begun  July  4,  1857,  and 
completed  to  Littlestown,  through  Conowago,  Union  and  Germany  Townships 
June  26,  1858.  In  1871  the  extension  to  Frederick  City  was  completed. 
The  McSherrystown  and  Hanover  pike  road  was  built  in  1882. 

The  original  assessment  of  Conowago,  made  in  1801.  gives  the  following  list 
of  property  owners  and  assessed  values,  together  with  the  names  of  single  men : 

NAME.  VALUE.      NAME.  VALUE. 

Jacob  Adams $1,454      James  Gallagher 84 

Magdaline  Adams 1,379      Jacob  Hostetter 611 

Richard  Adams 76       Barnhard  Hilbush 123 

Francis  Brosius 7,270      John  Heagy 68 

Martin  Black 46      Henry  iHemler 222 

Conrad  Dutero 2,422      Jacob  Heagy 2,744 

Charles  Droskil 78      Jacob  Herether 60 

Michael  Emlet 628      Christian  .Hoffman 276 

Joseph  Eek 274      George  House 99 

Eliza  Eyster 2,650      John  Kuntz 89 

Geor»e  Itzlor 2,417      George  Kitzmiller* 4,345 

Jobn'Fox 68      John  Kitzmiller 1,638 

Henry  Finck 845      Nicholas  Kieffoberf 2,699 

Jacob  Freed 8      Jacob  Kuhn 751 

PeterFreed 2,098      Abram  Kagy 1,843 

George  Gelwix 92      Jacob  Kagy 1,842 

Leonard  Geistler 956      John  Kuhn 2,395 

Anthony  Gereshten 16      Jacob  Kubser 16 

Peter  Grumbine 130      Henrv  Kolstock 92 

William  Gitt 2,249      John  Leonard 16 

Nicholas  Ginder 178      Conrad  Long 842 

Michael  Graft 26      George  Lontzell 100 

d  slaves  valued  at  S250. 


^/h^J~^  ^&  CAA. 


CONOWAGO  TOWNSHIP.  231 

*-N;r-  T  « u-i  k     nami:.  value. 

Philip  Long .550      Henry  Sheetz 16 

Samuel  Lilly* II,,      Henry  Slagle 2  250 

Joseph  Lilly 4,786  George  Stine i'i;-> 

Jacob  Lork 84  John  Stine '  12 

John  Lilly 582  Joseph  Shene 

John  Lorentz 51      Peter  Storm 833 

Paul  Miller 3,780  MaryShorp 1  410 

James  McSherryf 54  John  Swobe 1600 

JacobMartin 50  .iiu.,,i,  Sherman '88 

Paul  Metzgar $22  Jacob  Staub 148 

Leonard  Middlecoff 3.634  Daniel  Schroeder 132 

GeorgeMouse 4.242  Joseph  Sneeringer 2  123 

David  McCreary 3,156  Andrew  Shriver* I  i;,s 

DavidMealhorn 170  Peter  Shcnfelder  l'ilili 

Andrew  Mealhorn 102  Ludwick  ShriyerS 3,600 

Nicholas  Noel 98  Philip  Staub 2  432 

Peter  Overbush 192  George  A.  Stumb 80 

Adam  Oaster 113  John  Thomas 2  658 

Anthony  Obold 3,146  Jacob  Trine  126 

Joseph  Obold 4,480  George  Will '  22 

Thomas  Owings 420  Henry  Waltman 266 

Patrick  Owings 3,030  Fred  Wagonman 10 

Robert  Owings 2,556  John    WisUi 984 

Robert  X.  Owings 114  Martin  Will 1,615 

George  Reinicker 294  Jacob  Will 2  650 

John  Sneeringer 108  Michael  Will 1200 

Andrew  Smith 84  Henry  Will 1376 

Englehart  Small 104  Marks  Worst 2*812 

Mary  Small 75  Nicholas  Walter '  88 

Francis  ShaeSer 18  Henry  WcrshlerJ 2  328 

Mary  Slentz 168  Jacob  Wershler 8 

The  single  men  of  the  township  in  1801  are  named  as  follows:  William 
Adams.  James  Plunkett,  Anthony  Ditto,  Michael  Atzler,  Daniel  Eister,  Will 
lam  Erwin,  Andrew  Gostwiler,  George  Groft,  John  Groft,  Joseph  Hoagy, 
Christopher  Kelly,  Jacob  Kitzmiller,  John  Obold,  Patrick  Owings,  Frederick 
Plate,  Jacob  Shriver,  Andrew  Shriver,  Henry  Stoner,  Henry  Waltman,  Jacob 
Worst,  Peter  Weiser,  David  Will,  Christopher  Weisler  and  John  Youett. 
Prom  these  a  poll-tax  of  75  cents  each  was  collected.  The  total  valuation 
was  $117,548.20,  on  which  16  cents  per  $100  was  collected. 


The  Church  of  the  Sacred  Heart,  better  known  as  Conowago  Chapel,  and 
itory  belongs  rather  to  the  history  of  the  Christian  Church  in  America 
than  to  any  present  division  of  the  United  States.  It  was  here  before  the 
sturdy  Irish  and  Germans  crossed  the  Susquehanna,  and  may  be  said 
to  be  contemporary  with  the  Church  of  St.  Peter's,  at  Baltimore.  From 
what  has  been  learned  of  the  beginnings  of  this  church,  it  dates  back  to 
the  period  of  the  Iroquois  and  Algonquin  wars.  The  Caughnawagas,  a  branch 
of  the  Algonquin  race,  rambled  south  from  the  great  lakes,  settled  for  a  time 
in  this  vicinity,  mid  were  here  to  offer  a  welcome  and  a  home  to  the  first  Jesuit 
fathers.  Josiah  <  I  raj  1 1  m,  S.  J. ,  often  called  "Father  Creighton, "  was  the  first 
of  the  fathers  who  made  any  direct  reference  to  Carjghnawaga  of  the  Susqne 
hanna.  In  1720  he  came  here  and  offered  up  services  in  the  wilderness,  male 
ing.  it  is  said,  the  wigwam  a  temple.      Within  a  few  years  a  cabin  was  erected, 

'oS£lSL£^1S^SlSim!'    V""    ..y-Wessasamen,.,. 

ind  rem. 
J  Distillery. 

-i  mill  and    dinil'ov. 
•     i  -mill. 


232  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

which  was  used  until  1740,  when  Rev.  William  Wappeler,  S.  J.,  had  a  new 
log  building  erected  in  the  vicinity  of  the  present  church.  Mrs.  Elizabeth 
Sourbrier,  of  Maryland,  herself  a  centennarian,  remembers  an  old  church 
cabin*  of  which  many  old  settlers  knew  nothing;  while  the  German  immi- 
grants of  1735  "  passed  a  mass  house,  built  of  unhewn  logs,  while  en  route 
from  York  to  Christ  Church  settlement. "  Samuel  Lilly,  family  and  household, 
and  the  Robert  Owings  family  settled  here  in  1730,  and  were  the  first  actual 
white  settlers  and  members  of  the  church.  Then  came  the  McSherrys,  Mc- 
Crearys,  Marshalls,  Sanderses,  Riellys— all  from  the  north  of  Ireland — the 
Sneeringers,  Shxivers,  and  a  host  of  others  from  Holland  and  other  parts  of 
Em-ope.  In  17S7  what  is  now  a  part  of  the  present  brown  stone  chiu'ch  was 
erected  by  Father  James  Pellentz.  The  transepts  were  added  in  1850-51  by 
Father  Enders;  in  1873  he  erected  the  tower  and  spire,  and  in  1877  built  the 
marble  altar.      The  paintings  and  frescoing  are  of  the  highest  order. 

The  missionary  priests  who  attended  Conowago  from  the  close  of  the  seven- 
teenth century  to  1720  belonged  to  Baltimore,  while  the  Canadians  claim  that 
the  fathers  from  Montreal,  and  even  Quebec,  crossed  the  Susquehanna  about 
this  time.  In  1720  Father  Grayton,  who  died  in  1752,  was  here;  he  was  fol- 
lowed by  missionaries  from  Baltimore  until  1740,  when  Father  Wappeler,  S.  J., 
came  to  build  a  new  mission  house.  Then  came  Matthias  (Sittensberger)  Man- 
ners, the  first  resident  priest,  whose  mission  contained  116  German  and 
seventy-three  Irish  Catholics;  then  Fathers  Frambach  and  Deitrich;  next,  in 
1758,  Father  James  Pellentz,  who  discovered  and  opened  the  brown  stone 
quarries  at  East  Berlin,  and  had  the  first  stone  church  erected  of  this  material 
in  1787;  Rev.  Demetrius  Augustus  Gallitzin,  born  at  The  Hague  in  1770,  where 
his  father  was  Russian  ambassador,  assisted  Father  Pellentz  up  to  1799,  when 
he  left  to  establish  the  Catholic  colony  at  Loretto,  where  he  died  in  1840. 
Father  Pellentz  died  in  1800.  Then  Revs.  Charles  Sewell  and  Sylvester 
Boarman  took  charge.  Father  Brosius,  the  great  and  first  school  teacher  at 
the  mission,  with  Fathers  Cerfouniont,  Manley  and  Sockley  followed,  and  had 
charge  of  the  church  at  Littlestown,  Carlisle,  and  other  points.  In  1820 
Father  A.  L.  De  Barth  became  superior.  (He  it  was  who  said  the  first  mass, 
at  Hanover,  in  an  old  shop,  fronting  on  the  alley  in  rear  of  Baltimore  Street.) 
With  him  were  Fathers  Britt  and  Bvrne,  Russians,  and  Larhue  and  Divin. 
Father  Britt  fell  dead  on  the  altar  in  1822.  In  1S26  Rev.  Nicolas  Mertz  came. 
In  1828  Rev.  Matthew  Lekeu,  who  came  to  the  mission  in  1823,  was  appointed 
superior.  Prior  to  1845  he  built  the  two  schoolhouses  in  front  of  the  church, 
and  purchased  a  confiscated  convent  bell,  one  of  a  cargo  brought  hither,  which 
he  placed  in  the  belfry.  Revs.  Michael  Dougherty,  C.  Paul  Kohlman,  Ferdi- 
nand Helias  and  Nicholas  Steinbacher  were  all  on  this  mission  during  his  ad- 
ministration. In  1836  Revs.  Virgil  Barber,  Milesius  Gibbons,  Pester,  Zachi, 
Hatting,  Colting  were  here.  Then  came  Fathers  Villiger,  F.  X.  Denecker, 
Catani,  Tuffer,  Domperis,  B.  Villiger,  J.  J.  Bellwalder,  Peter  Manns,  Peter 
Flanagan,  I  L.  Jamieson,  Emig,  B.  F.  Casey,  Finigan,  Di  Maria,  and  others 
referred  to  in  the  history  of  other  churches.  Rev.  Joseph  Enders  succeeded 
Father  Steinbacher  as  superior  in  1847.  Father  Foran  was  appointed  superior 
in  July,  1883.  Father  Enders  died  September  10,  1884,  aged  eighty-three 
years. 

St.  Matthew's  (formerly  St.  Michael's)  Lutheran  Church,  of  Conowago,  was 
organized  in  April,  1743,  but  prior  to  this  year  the  members  of  this  church 
were  visited  by  the  preacher  of  a  still  older  congregation  at  Creagerstown,  Md. 

*This  was  on  the  Robert  Owiugs  tract,  where  also  the  old  Catholic  cemetery  was  located.  The  beginnings 
of  the  present  cemetery  date  back  to  1762, 


co now  w;o  township. 


233 


The  original  officers  were  David  Candler,  pastor;  Lehnert  Barnitz,  Johannes 
Morningstar,  Andreas  Eerger,  Fred  G-elwioks,  Nicolas  Biedinger  and  Ohristoffel 
Sohlegle.  The  preachers  in  oharge  of  the  whole  circuit,  in  order  of  service, 
were  Revs.  I>.  Candler,  I7t:i*;  L.  Xyberg,  John  George  Bager,  c.  V.  Wild'. 
halm.  R.  Schmidt,  F.  W.  and  John  F.  Melsheimer,  Jonathan  RnthranfP,  Jacob 
Albert,  Dr.  Hay.  D.  I'.  RosenmiUer,  M.  J.  Alleman,  S.  Yingling  and  J.  C. 
Roller.  The  first  building  of  this  society  was  erected  in  1743,  on  an  acre  do- 
nated by  John  George  Kuntz;  the  second  across  the  line  of  Adams  in  1756; 
the  third,  in  Sanover,  in  L803,  and  the  fourth  on  the  site  of  the  third  in  1879. 
The  value  of  property  is  placed  at  $35,000,  and  the  number  of  members  at  717. 
The  Lutheran  and  Union  Church,  near  Schwartz's  Schoolhouse,  was  built 
in   1878. 

CEMETERIES. 

<  'onowago  ( 'hapel-yard.  The  home  of  the  greater  number  of  the  pioneers 
of  Conowago  is  known  as  the  Conowago  Chapel-yard,  in  which  interments  haw 
been  made  regularly  since  L771.  In  L752  the  body  of  Dudley  Digges,  who 
was  shot  by  Jacob  Kitzmiller,  was  buried  here.  The  following  list  gives  the 
na s  and  dates  of  death  of  old  people  interred  here: 


Frederick    E.   F.    Brn.    De    Bulen 

Bertholff 

Joanua   Maria  Theressa.  his  wife*... 

I  >ikIIi-\    Digues 

Vl'thlu     <;'vu 

Elizabeth,  his  wife 

Elizabeth,  wife  of  Jacob  Michael.... 

Elizabeth,  wife  of  Samuel  Isaacs 

Frederick  Wise 

Catherine,  his  wife 

John   Rimbach 

Patrick  Kelly 

Catherine,  his  wife 

Crislopher  Krauz 

a  lo\  miis  .\Iillcr 

Catherine  .Miller 

Ren]  Miller 

John  Stiver 

Elizabeth,  his  wife 

.Michael   Burke 

Rosa   .McBarron 

Jacob  Adams 

Mary,  his   wife \ 

Joseph    ScIk, titer 

Joseph  Schaffter's  wife 

Juliana  Sneeringer 

John  Snyder. ......  

Peter  Shanefllter 

Charles  Smith 

Johannes  Storm 

Aloysins  Owings 

Robert  I  Iwings. 

John  Kuhn. .'. 

There-:,,  his  wife .    .  . 

Catherine  Ehrman 

Sebastian   Weis ... . 

Jacob  Weis 

Caspar  Weis 

■John  (Taller 

Matthew  Timmin 

Johannes  Seidler 

John  Bederman 


Patrick  Dougherty 1855 

Is0.~>  Philip   Flishman 1851 

1804  Adam  Oaster 1846 

1753  Mary  B.  Oaster  1844 

1846  Catherine  Becher 1790 

1st.1  Richard  Adams 1813 

1883  Elizabeth  Dell 1801 

1863  Christian  Lawrence 1853 

L868  Anna  M.  Dabbcr 1788 

1868  Joseph  Storm 1815 

1868  Christian  Dabber 1789 

1848  Joseph   Kuhn 1824 

1847  Nicholas  Lingg 1X77 

1869  Catherine  Merthin 1798 

1848  Elizabeth  Snyder 1832 

1863  Anna  M.  McKenrothen 1790 

177;  John  Eckenrode 1849 

1818  Bister   .Maria    Tharsella.    daughter  of 

1-1"  Geo.  Kuhn 1844 

1863  N.  G.  O'Clare,   old  , half-breed  slave.. 

1*44  Johannes  Miller 1821 

1833  Jean  Brady 1799 

1843  Win.    Devine 1841 

1847  Elizabeth,  his  wife 1835 

1865  Geo.  T.  Lantzell 1804 

1813  Nicholas   Ginter \ 1850 

1847  Jane  Rielly 1816 

is:-  Edward  Rielly 1848 

1889  Maria  B.  Field 1843 

1806  Martin  Klunk I  ;;>;> 

1809  Jacob  Smith 1863 

1815  Peter  Noel 1868 

1836  Jacob  Delone 1863 

1821  Maria,  wife  of  Jacob  Delone 1867 

1799  Edward  McCabe 1814 

1803  Joseph  Smith 1868 

1794  Geo.  Lawrence 1866 

1808  Anthony  Foller 1858 

1889  Peter  McClaine 1880 

1863  Wm.  McCreary 1850 

1806  Sebastian  Weaver 1864 

1865  Hugh  Colgan [870 


•Died  in  1744,  ia  the  log  house  which  was  his  residence  as  well  as  church. 


234 


HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 


Edwin  Colgan 1865 

Thomas  Adams 1879 

Joseph  J.  Kuhn 1878 

His  wife  Jane 1883 

Samuel  Sneeringer 1872 

Geo.  Eline 1853 

Nancy  A    Murphy 1852 

Joseph  Cooper 1854 

Adam  Long 1854 

Ignatius  Miller 1859 

John  O'Brien 1858 

Joseph  Ehrman 1798 

Ablolm  Ehrman 1801 

Joseph  Hemler 1835 

John  Orendorff 1841 

Ann  M.  Hemler,  wife  of  Joseph  Hem 

ler,  Sr 1837 

Mary,  wife  of  John  Smith 1833 

Eve  Byers,  wife  of  Ch.  Orendorff 1850 

Jacob  Hilp 1867 

Peter  Shoenfelter 1836 

Elizabeth  Shoenfelter 1841 

Mary  Stine 1836 

Eva  Maria  Meverin 1779 

James  Timmons 1868 

Joseph  Shanefelter 1810 

Catherine,  widow  of  Alexander  C. 

Harrison 1810 

Patrick  Brady 1814 

Maryaune  Weisin 1781 

Francis  Renault 1857 

Peter  Miller 1835 

Anna  Margaret  Kleinen 1796 

Thomas  Adams 1776 

Joseph  Black 1801 

Maria  Regina  Briegner 1787 

Catherine  Schorbin 1784 

Johannes  Schorbin 1815 

Johannes  Faller 1781 

Jacob  Breigner 1789 

Frederick  Brand 1822 

Mary  Well 

Lawrence  Magers 1839 

Catherine,  wife  of  Jacob  Starner 1840 

James  McLane 1825 

Theresa  McLane 1790 

John   Kellar,  old  half-breed  slave.... 

Catherine  Keller 1782 

John  Marshall 1850 

Nichold  Field 1823 

John  Cook 1846 

Anthony  Bivenauer 1835 

Peter  McFarland 1826 

Peter  Boyle 1805 

Marv,  wife  of  Adam  Foller 1835 

Mary  McDavith 1804 


Conrad  Alwine 1846- 

Joseph  Felix 1876 

Bartholomus  Sullivan 1848 

Joseph  Eckinrode 1850 

Henry  Fink  Sr 1822 

B.  Altrogge 1849 

Jos.  Sneeringer 1868 

Jacob  Adams 1865 

John  Lilly 1869 

Samuel  Lilly 1853 

John  Lilly 1822 

Henry  Hemler 1838 

Samuel  Lilly 1758 

Peter  Little 1860 

Margaret  Little 1859 

Christian  Hemler 1882 

Jacob  Hemler 1856 

Joseph  Burkee 1870 

John  Lynch 1869 

Jacob  Staub,  Sr 1821 

Anthony  B.  Smith 1855 

Peter  Smith 1884 

John  Kuhn  1853 

Jacob  Klunk 1871 

John  Hemler 1851 

John  Smith ia53- 

John  L.  Gubernator 1823 

John  Bushey 1881 

Thomas  Wills 1858 

Joseph  Clunk 1853 

Martin  Clunk 1795 

Jacob  Smith 1865 

John  Camp 1866 

John  Riddle 1872 

John  Myers 1870- 

Peter  Noel 1882 

John  Rice 1877 

Ignatius  O'Bold 1866- 

Jacob  Sourbier 1881 

Henry  Strausbaugh 1884 

Geo.  M.  Willet 1876- 

Samuel  Strausbaugh 1876 

Landelin  Loosman 1876 

John  Kellenberger 1872 

Eliza,  wife  of  John  Gurdorffer,  Sr 1859 

Samuel  Forsythe 1858 

Eliza,  his  wife 1862 

Michael  Cotton 1855V 

J.  McMaster 1852 

Charlotte  McMaster 1878 

Frederick  Dunn 1828 

Joseph  Noel 1849 

James  Robinson 1872 

Joseph  Arntz 1869 

John  Schultz 1875 

Patrick  Dougherty 1855 


The  Keagij  Cemetery,  a  private  burial  ground,  southeast"  of  Conowago 
Chapel,  contains  a  number  of  graves;  among  the  monuments  are  five,  bearing  the 
following  records :  Henry  Keagy,  1829;  J.  A.  Keagy,  1828;  John  Keagy,  1826; 
Abram  Keagy,  1833;  Johannes  Erisman,  1827. 

St.  Michael's  Lutheran  Cemetery  was  to  be  seen  near  McSherrystown  up  to 
the  close  of  the  war.  It  is  thought  that  there  Rev.  David  Chandler,  the  first 
Lutheran  preacher,  was  buried  in  17-44.  In  1865  the  ground  was  purchased 
by  George  Young  and  cleared  for  the  use  of  the  living.      Some  of  the  head- 

*Buried  in  chapel. 


COXOW.U'iO  TOWNSHIP.  231 


stones  were  moved  to  a  grave-yard  northeast  of  Hanover,  among  which  is  that 
01  Rev.  John  Bager,  and    some  to  the  grave-yard    in    Hanover,   where  a  person 
born  in  164*3  finds  a  home,  and  some  to  Mount  Olivet,  south  of  Hanover. 
The  Littlestown  Branch  Railroad  passes  through  the  southeastern  portion 

of  the  township.     The  postoffices  arc  McSherrystown  and  Centennial. 


BIU'SHTOWN. 


This  place,  Located  on  the  Gettysburg  mad.  is  a  little  settlement  dating 
back  to  1811,  when  Peter  Little  elected  a  house  here.  After  the  Council  of 
Pennsylvania  settled  the  Digges  and  Carroll  claims,  the  lands  in  this  vicinity 
were  deeded  to  "William  McClay  and  Thomas  Boyd  in  an  instrument  dated 
December  2  I,    1  759. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Conowago  Township,  through  its  delegate,  J.  Lilly,  voted  "nay"  in  the 
Gettysburg  Convention  of  November  I.  1834,  in  re  school  law  adoption.  The 
subject  attracted  much  attention  for  some  time;  but  the  people,  observing  how 
the  new  system  worked  in  the  townships  which  adopted  it,  fell  into  line.° 


BOROUGH  OF  McSHERRYSTOWN. 

This  borough  is  situated  almost  in  the  central  part  of  the  township,  on 
slightly  rolling  land.  It  consists  of  one  long,  well  built  up  street,  and  may 
isidered  the  parent  town  of  Hanover  in  order  of  time,  or  a  western  addi- 
tion to  that  town  in  point  of  progress  and  appearance.  The  site  was  deeded 
to  Patrick  McSherry  by  the  Digges  brothers  and  Charles  Carrol,  Sr.,  November 
14.  1763,  and  two  years  later  the  new  owner  surveyed  part  of  the  tract  into 
sixty  lots,  thirty  north  and  thirty  south  of  a  road  running  east  and  west. 

The  population  in  1820  was  191;  in  1830,  about  200;  in  1840,  180-  in 
1850,  206;  in  1860,  280;  in  1870,  291;  in  1880,  434;  and  in  1885  (estimated) 
650.  v  ; 

The  number  of  taxpayers  (1886)  is  176;  value  of  real  estate,  $89,038; 
number  of  horses,  etc.,  26;  of  cows,  etc.,  29;  value  of  moneys  at  interest, 
$50,298;  of  trades  and  professions,  $9,545;  number  of  pleasure  carnages,  16; 
of  gold  watches,  13;  no  timber  land. 

The  first  traders  were  Nicholas  Ginter,  William  Albright,  and  John  G.  Morn- 
ingstar,  about  1804.  They  were  followed  by  Charles  Barnitz,  Col.  E.  J. 
Owings,  John  H.  Aulebaugh,  Samuel  Isaacs,  John  Bushey,  Sr.,  Frank  Krich- 
ten,  Michael  Rielly,  Samuel  G.  Sneeringer,  and  F.  X.  Smith.  Dr.  V.  H.  B. 
Lilly,  Dr.  George  Bice,  and  Dr.  G.  B.  Aiken  are  the  present  representatives 
of  the  medical  profession.  Dr.  Charles  Berluchy,  who  moved  to  Gettysburgh 
in  1816,  and  Dr.  William  L.  Homback,  who  died  in  1861,  were  the  pioneer  physi- 
cians. Dr.  Charles  F.  Homback  practiced  here  from  1855  to  1877,  when  he  died. 
Dr.  Henry  A.  Lilly  practiced  here  from  1850  to  his  death  in  1866.  George 
Reinicker,  Adam  Oister,  William  Albright  kept  the  first  hotels  here.  The  Al- 
bright tavern  is  the  only  survivor  of  those  old  hostelries.  The  first  postoffice 
was  opened  in  the  old  Anthony  Storm  tavern  in  1844.  Nicholas  Krichten  and 
Jacob  Adams  were  the  first  blacksmiths  and  nailers. 

In  September,  1SS2,  a  meeting  presided  over  by  John  L.  Gubernator,  with 
John  H.  Krichten,  secretary,  voted  in  favor  of  incorporation.  A  petition  was 
presented  to  the  commissioners  and  the  borough  established.       The  iirst  elec- 


23(3  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

tion  in  McSherrystown  Borough,  held  in  April,  1SS4,  resulted  as  follows:  Sam- 
uel L.  Johns,  burgess ;  Daniel  Fink.  V.  J.  Tirnmins,  F.  X.  Smith,  Dr.  G.  L. 
Bice,  John  A.  Poist,  Francis  Conrad,  councilmen;  Emanuel  Bunty  and  Thad- 
eus  A.  Smith,  justices  of  the  peace;  John  L.  Dougherty,  judge;  William 
Sheffer  and  David  M.  Johns,  inspectors;  Lewis  Krichten,  assessor;  Williarn 
F.  Poist,  C.  D.  Smith,  "William  Muniniert,  Charles  Bunty,  Lewis  Small.  J .  V. 
Stambaugh,  school  directors;  E.  J.  Owings,  Michael  Sheffer,  Jeremiah  Johns, 
auditors;  David  Martin,  constable.  Ambrose  Eline  opposed  Burgees  Johns, 
receiving  forty-six  votes;  his  opponent  receiving  fifty-one.  In  1SS")  Dr.  V.H. 
Lilly  was  elected  burgess.  In  October,  1884,  the  streets  were  paved  or  macad 
amized. 

The  convent  schools  of  McSherrystown  date  back  to  1834,  when  the  trustees 
of  the  Young  Ladies'  School  asked  the  Sisters  of  Charity  of  the  Emmittsbtirg 
Convent  to  take  charge.  In  1S40  the  school  building  was  burned.  The  trus- 
tees lost  no  time  in  erecting  a  new  house,  and  this  building,  with  five  acres  "f 
land,  was  sold  to  the  Sisters  of  the  Sacred  Heart,  by  whom  the  buildings  were 
extended  and  schools  conducted  until  their  removal  to  Eden  Hall  in  1851.  In 
1S54  the  Sisters  of  St.  Joseph  purchased  the  convent  buildings,  and  were 
incorporated  under  the  title  "  The  McShorrytown  Novitiate  and  Academy  of 
St.  Joseph,"  August  31,  1854.  Part  of  what  is  now  the  convent  proper  was 
used  in  the  academy  until  1883,  when  the  present  spacious  buildings  were 
opened.  In  this  year  the  department  for  the  education  of  the  blind  was  estab- 
lished. Together  with  the  academy  the  sisters  have  charge  of  the  two  paro- 
chial schools  in  the  borough  and  of  the  branch  convent  and  schools  at  Mount 
Rock,  Hanover  and  Lebanon.  The  number  of  the  community  is  40:  of 
pupils  attending  the  academy,  35;  and  of  pupils  attending  the  two  schools  of 
McSherrystown,  130. 

The  Building  &  Loan  Association  was  organized  December  13,1883,withl3S 
members.  The  membership  at  present  numbers  100,  with  400  shares  and 
$12,000,  leaving  interest  secured  by  real  estate.  S.  L.  Johns  is  president, 
and  W.  H.  Sheffer,  secretary.  The  first  building  association  here  was  organ- 
ized in  1879-80. 


CHAPTER   XXX. 

CUMBERLAND  TOWNSHIP.* 


THE  principal  streams  of  Cumberland  Township  are  Marsh  Creek  and 
Rock  Creek.  Willoughby  Run,  which  drains  the  center  of  the  entire 
north  half,  is  a  tributary  of  Marsh  Creek,  forming  a  confluence  with  that, 
stream  opposite  the  Reding  homestead  on  Tout's  farm.  A  number  of  running 
brooks,  some  with  the  pretensions  of  creeks,  flow  southeast  into  Rock  Creek, 
while  several  rivulets  flow  southwest  from  the  center  line  north  and  south  into 
Marsh  Creek.  Rock  Creek  bounds  the  township  on  the  east  and  Marsh  Creek 
on  the  west,  both  flowing  south  into  Maryland  within  a  mile  of  each  other, 
although  they  are  about  six  miles  apart  in  the  northern  district  of  the  tov  rj 

*For  sketch  of  Borough  of  Gettysburg,  see  Chapter  XXV,  page  181. 


CI  MBERLAND   TOWNSHIP.  237 

ship.     Cemetery  Ridge,  Seminary  Ridge  and  Round  Top  (799  Feel  above  the 
Atlantic  level)  arc  the  prominent  eminences, 

The  geological  features  are  dolerite  on  Culp's  Hill;  (rap  along  Seminarj 
and  Cemeterj  Ridges  to  Little  Round  Top;  indurated  mud  rock,  south  of 
Rock  Creek  bridge;  -hales  and  altered  sandstone,  indurated  mixed  rock  in 
railroad  cut  wesi  by  north  of  Gettysburg;  argillaceous  sandstone  al  brici  pard 
northeast  of  Gettysburg;  dolerite,  three  quarters  of  a  mile  northwest  of  Gettys 
burg;  and  white  feldspathic  trap  one  and  one-half  miles  south  of  Gettysburg. 
In  L81  I  a  vein  of  iron  ore  was  discovered  on  Howell's  farm,  two  miles  wesi  of 
(  lettysburg.  In  1872  iron  ore  was  found  on  the  Peter  Gintling  farm.  Lignite 
was  found  opposite  the  fair  grounds  at  Gettysburg,  but  tho  vein  was  light  and 
quality  poor. 

Southwest  of  Round  Top  i-  the  Indian  field.  Fifty- six  years  ago  this  was 
a  dealing  of  six  acres  in  the  midst  of  a  dense  forest,  with  a"  salt  spring  at  the 
southern  end.  Here  it  is  said  a  great  Indian  battle  was  fought,  and  this  spot 
was  cleared  to  bury  the  dead,  although  others  say  it  was  sacred  festival 
ground.  Here  the  "Wilsons,  McNairs  and  Quinns,  all  of  Revolutionary  stock, 
are  supposed  to  have  made  the  first  white  settlements  in  the  county. 

The  population  of  the  township  in  L800  was  1,263,  including  Gettysburg; 
in  1810,  803—436  males,  4(14  females,  2  slaves  and  21  free  colored.  In 
Gettysburg  there  were  362  males,  313  females,  7  slaves  and  43  free  colored, 
aggregating  725,  which  with  the  township  gives  a  total  population  of  1,888 
souls;  in  1820,  1.022,  and  in  Gettysburg,  1,111;  in  1830,  1,010,  and  Gettys- 
burg 1473;  in  1840,  1,218,  and  Gettysburg,  1,908;  in  1850  (excluding  Gettys- 
burg) 1,408,  including  74  colored;  in  1860,  1,325,  including  67  colored;  in 
1870,  1,455,  including  53  foreign  and  91  colored  citizens.  The  figures  for 
1  8©  I  and  former  decennial  periods  include  the  population  of  part  of  Highland. 
In  1880  the  population  outside  of  Gettysburg  was  1,512,   and  of  Gettysburg, 

The  number  of  taxpayers  (1S86)  is  460;  value  of  real  estate,  $566,479; 
number  of  horses  and  mules,  464;  cows  and  neat  cattle,  529;  value  of  moneys 
at  interest.  $54,905;  value  of  trades  and  professions,  $11,280;  number  of  car- 
riages, 190;  gold  watches.  11;  silver  watches.  1;  acres  of  timber  land,  1,956. 

In  1809  the  stone  bridge  over  Marsh  Creek  at  Bream's  tavern  was  built 
by  William  McClellan,  for  $2,500.  The  length  is  115  feet,  with  five  arches. 
In  1814  the  Marsh  Creek  stone  bridge  on  the  Gettysburg  and  Emmittsburg 
road  was  built  by  John  Murphy.  It  is  114  feet  long,  contains  five  arches  and 
.500.  In  1852  it  gave  place  to  the  present  wooden  bridge.  In  1846 
Joseph  Clapsaddle  built  the  Rock  Creek  wooden  bridge  on  the  Harrisburg 
road  for  8850.  In  1852  David  S.  Stoner  built  a  wooden  bridge  over  Marsh 
Creek  on  the  road  from  Gettysburg  to  Nunnemaker's  mill,  for  $],544.  In 
1853  John  Finley  erected  the  Rock  wooden  bridge  on  the  Hanover  road,  near 
Gettysburg,  for  SI. 490.  In  1871  the  120  feet  span  bridge  (wooden)  at  Hor- 
ner's mill  was  rebuilt  at  a  cost  of  $1,345,  by  J.  M.  Pittenturf.  In  1871  Gil- 
bert &  Co.  erected  an  iron  bridge  over  Willoughby  Run,  on  the  Gettysburg 
and  Fairfield  road,  ninety  feet  long,  for  §13.45  per  foot,  exclusive  of  stone 
work,  which  was  built  by  Perry  J.  Tawney.  The  iron  bridge  at  Hoffman's, 
which  was  being  built  in  the  winter  of  1885-86,  was  swept  away  and  a  man 
named  Herring  drowned. 

The  first  road  repairing  work  done  in  the  township  after  the  organization 
of  the  county,  was  in  November,  1802,  when  a  small  bridge  was  built  over  the 
creek  on  the  Baltimore  road  near  the  mill  known  as  •'McAllister's  Mill." 
The  first  road  built  after  the  establishment  of  the  county  was  that  from  Isaac 


238  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

Deardorff's  mill  to  Gettysburgh,  viewed  in  1800  by  Thomas  Cochran,  Alexan- 
der Irvine,  Francis  Knouse,  Alexander  Lecky,  James  Horner  and  Samuel 
Smith  of  Mountpleasant.  The  Rock  Creek  road,  otherwise  the  Baltimore  road, 
an  old  highway,  was  repaired  for  the  first  time  within  the  bounds  of  Adams 
County  in  June,  1805.  During  that  month  William  McPherson  and  Eeynolds 
Ramsey,  the  road  supervisors  of  Cumberland  Township,  called  on  the  residents 
for  help.  This  call  was  responded  to  as  follows:  Rev.  Alex  Doblin,  James 
McClure,  Andrew  Bushman,  Quintin  Armstrong,  Robert  McCurday,  David 
Horner,  Henry  Black  and  Conrad  Hoke  sent  each  a  wagon  and  team  with  one 
man.  Jacob  Sharfey,  Phoutz  J.  Armstrong,  Jacob  Bushman,  Robert  Works, 
Hugh  Dunwoody,  Robert  Thompson,  Gabriel  Walker,  Robert  McCreary, 
Henry  Black,  Michael  Miller  and  Conrad  Hoke  appeared  on  the  ground  them- 
selves, or  sent  their  men  to  assist  in  repairing  this  road. 

The  Gettysburgh  and  Black' s  Tavern  pike  was  made  in  1812;  the  Balti- 
more and  Carlisle  turnpike  in  1815;  the  York  and  Gettysburg  and  the  Cham- 
bersburg  and  Gettysburg  pike  roads  are  noticed  in  the  history  of  other  town- 
ships. 

In  1859  the  Gettysburg  &  Harrisburg  Railroad  was  opened  for  traffic. 
February  26,  1884,  the  "Jay  Cooke"  brought  in  the  first  train  over  the  Get- 
tysburg &  Harrisburg  Railroad,  and  two  golden  spikes  were  driven.  The  road 
was  completed  and  opened  for  regular  traffic  April  21,  188-4,  the  first  train 
north  being  drawn  by  the  locomotive  "  South  Mountain,"  with  Samuel  Wiser, 
engineer;  John  Sawers,  fireman,  and  Capt.  Small,  conductor.  The  second 
train  was  drawn  by  engine  "Jay  Cooke,"  with  Ephraim  McClary,  engineer; 
L.   Bailey,  fireman;  Capt.  C.   E.  Givler,  conductor. 

In  1869  a  street  railroad  was  built  from  the  Hanover  Railroad  depot  to 
the  Springs  Hotel,  right  of  way  being  granted  on  condition  that  the  company 
would  keep  the  streets  in  repair.  The  conditions  were  observed  for  a  short 
time,   and  in  failure  the  road  was  condemned. 

In  1696  the  Five  Nations  Indians  were  induced  to  sell  their  lands,  west 
of  the  Susquehanna,  to  Thomas  Dougan,  governor  of  New  York.  Immediately 
after,  January  13,  1696,  the  whole  tract  waa  deeded  to  William  Penn  for  £100 
sterling,  or  about  $483.  Penn  then  won  from  the  Susquehannas,  the  original 
owners,  their  claims,  and  subsequently  satisfied  a  claim  of  the  discontented 
Conestogas,  who  denied  the  validity  of  the  Susquehannas'  title.  In  1736  a 
deed  was  given  by  the  five  tribes  to  John  Thomas  and  Richard  Penn  for  all 
lands  west  of  the  Susquehanna  to  the  "  setting  sun. "  On  this  title  the  pro- 
prietaries claimed  the  right  to  own  a  tract  of  land  as  large  as  Great  Britain, 
and  the  claim  was  held  just  by  the  English  governors. 

There  was  also  the  ' '  Carroll  Tract' '  and  ' '  Digges'  Choice, ' '  located  in  Adams 
County,  under  titles  granted  to  Carroll  and  Digges  by  Lord  Baltimore,  but  for 
some  years  this  question  of  overstepping  proprietary  rights  was  confined  to  the 
landlords  themselves. 

Between  1735-36  and  1741  a  number  of  Irish  peasantry  from  the  hills  of 
Tyrone,  Deny,  Cavan,  and  Sligo  Counties,  came  hither  to  stay,  to  erect  a 
free  home  for  themselves  at  the  foot  of  the  old  South  Mountains.  The  Ham- 
iltons,  Sweenys,  Eddys,  Blacks,  McClains,  McClures,*Wilsons,  Agnews,  Dar- 
bys  and  others  were  here,  near  Gettysburg,  in  1S41.  Then  came  the 
landlords'  agent  to  survey  the  ' '  Manor  of  Maske, ' '  and  a  second  one  to  drive  off 
the  "squatters,"  or  obtain  from  them  pay  for  the  permission  to  work  in  the 
heat  of  summer  and  cold  of  winter  among  the  rocky  hills,  who  declared  "  yt  if 
ye  Chain  be  spread  again,  he  won'  d  stop  it,  and  then  stop  ye  Compass  from  ye 
Surv.  Gen."   The  men  who  resisted  the  survey  of  the  "Manor  of  Maske  "  were 


yS^js     h^~ 


CUMBERLAND  TOWNSHIP.  •_>  |  1 

prosecuted,  but  the  wisdom  of  the  Pen,,,  prompted  a  fair  settlement  with  the 
squatters  which  resulted  „,  the  Irish  peasant  bee,  own  laborer  and 

master,  bis  own  tenant  and  landlord.  This  same  band  of  fighters  for  the 
right,  organized  for  defense  againsi  the  [ndiaus  and  shaved  ,„  ,h„  ]umitw  0f 
;:!Xm-  ""'  lr"n,l"r  from  many  an  Indian  raid.  This  same  band  of  peasants 
firat  saw  the  tyranny  of  the  "tea  tax,"  ami  were  among  the  first  to  hail  the 
Revolution.  hey  were  among  the  firs!  to  recognize  the  libertj  conventions 
and  .wear  lea  h}  t.,  the  net  of  such  conventions  in  177o.  Thev  were  the  men 
who  formed  McPherson's  battalion  in  L775,  and  the  Eleventh  Pennsylvania 
Regiment  of  the  hue  in  1  .7(1. 

They  spoke  had  Irish  and  as  bad  English,  but  their  shout  was  heard  unmis- 
takably  wherever  the  wave  of  revolution  struck,  and  when,  with  their  brothers 
of  the  thirteen  stars  they  raised  the  flag  of  the  Union,  thev,  at  that  moment 
saw  the  shackles  fall  from  the  husbandman,  and  industry  and  liberty  march 
forward  over  the  trails  and  military  roads  cut  by  the  retreating  soldiers  of 
urreat   .bntain.  ° 

The  German  squatters  in  "Digges"  Choice"  followed  up  the  principle  of  the 
squatters  in  the  "Manor  of  Maske,"  but, making  only  a  formal  resistance,  were 
on  the  point  of  being  subjected,  when  Jacob  Kitzmiller  shot  Dudley  Dicraes  a 
son  of  the  landlord  "  and  routed  the  sheriff.  This  act,  and  the  acquittal  of 
thepeasant,  shed  new  light  on  the  land  question,  and  possibly  was  the  second 
pavmg  stone  in  the  street  which  is  leading  to  ownership  of  land  by  the  cultiva- 
tor of  the  land  Does  it  not  seem  strange  that  hereon  Marsh  Creek,  where 
the  Irish  squatter-cultivator  first  fought  for  the  ownership  of  his  own  labor, 
the  first  decisive  blow  was  struck  at  colored  slavery  122  years  later* 
t  ,  ,  P1,??66"-8  of  ««  township  came  here  between*  1733  and  1739,  from 
Ireland  The  term  "  Scotch-Irish  of  the  border  "  was  a  name  given  to  these 
settlers  by  the  colonial  land  grabbers  of  the  Penn  coterie  (A  Boyd  Ham- 
iton.  Hamsburg)  The  tract  over  which  they  squatted  was  wild  land  when 
they  came;but  a  few  years  later,  in  1740,  the  Penns  named  it  "The  Manor  of 
i'\  ,  9  t-u,  '',';'  a  1M  "*'  "'"  flatters  was  made  out,  which  was  record 
ea  April  1  ,.tj.  This  hst  gives  the  names,  and  dates  of  original  improve- 
ment of  the  lands  throughout  this  entire  "manor,"  and  from  it,  with  the  aid 
of  descendants  of  the  old  settlers,  the  following  list  of  those  who  resided  in 
tins  township  is  taken: 

SB  «&  A1740-        aywgsr  »■  mo- 

Robert  Fletcher.  May,   1741.  jf wX    C'is   '   ,  HI     1-SQ 

Samuel  Gettys  ,  RockW)  -  ,740.  'oim  ,'nnv  ',         S^9' 

r   ,  ;,  k-'  N''""l"l»"'  1T4°-  Samuel  Brown,  fiky   1741. 

£SS$iW      pssaaau 

.jostpii  v.  illusion,  April,  1,41.  James  Hall    Anril    1741 


I3A 


242 


HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 


The  name  McPherson  does  not  appear  among  the  original  owners.  Robert 
McPherson  was  a  delegate  in  the  convention  held  at  Carpenter's  Hall,  Phila- 
delphia, June  18,  1775,  and  took  the  oath  of  allegiance  to  the  Union  of  States; 
he  was  also  delegate  to  the  great  convention  of  1776. 

The  act  of  the  Pennsylvania  Legislature,  March  12,  1802,  dealing  with  the 
purchase  and  improvement  of  the  "Manor  of  the  Maske"  prior  to  1741,  pro- 
vided that  the  original  settlers,  or  their  heirs,  who  were  excluded  from  perfect- 
ing titles  to  their  lands,  owing  to  State  and  manor  boundary  difficulties,  be 
now  enabled  to  acquire  title  by  paying  purchase  money  and  interest  thereon 
from  1765  to  1802  to  the  receiver-general  of  the  land  office.  This  act  applied 
to  the  settlers  in  Butler,  Menallen,  Liberty,  Straban,  Hamiltonban  and  Free- 
dom, as  well  as  to  the  settlers  on  the  east  side  of  Marsh  Greek. 

The  original  tax  payers  of  the  township  in  1799,  and  the  assessed  value  of 
property  are  given  as  follows : 


Quintin  Armstrong $1, 

Isaac  Armstrong* 

John  Potter  Ashbough 

William  Braden 

Robert  Bigham 

Henry  Black,  miller 

Adam  Black,  wagon-maker 

Benjamin  Blubough,  tanner 

John  Bowman 

John  Brough,    hotel 

Jacob  Bogh,  school  teacher 

Boyd  property 1, 

Christian  Bender* 

William  Crawford,  physician. ........  1, 

William  Cobeanf.miller '. 1, 

Capt.  Alex  Cobean+f 2, 

Matthias  Coplandfj 

Henry  Cluts 

Cornelius  Cornhover 

John  Cunningham,  tailor 

James  Cox 

Stophel  Culp 

James  Cobean 

Martin  Cluts 

Christian  Culp,  wheel  wright 

Mathias  Culp,  blacksmith 

Rev.  Alex  Dobbin* 1. 

Thomas  Douglass 

James  Douglass 

Thomas  Douglass  Jr 

Arch.  Dickey,  millwright 

Hugh  Dunwoodie 1, 

James  Dickson,  merchant 

David  Dunwoodie  Sr 1, 

David  Dunwoodie,  Jr 1, 

George  Dunphy,  weaver 

Widow  Douglass 

John  Dodds 

Samuel  Edie,  squire 

John  Ewing,  tailor 

David  Edie 

Charles  Fletcher,  blacksmith 1. 

Hugh  Fergus,  weaver 

Samuel  Frye,  miller 

Jacob  Fox 

James  Gettysff 2 


052      Fleming's  heirsf 

746      William  Guinn 

207      George  Gayer,  wagon-maker 

646      George  Gayer,  Sr 

459       William  Garvin,  Jr 

756      John  Galloway,  Sadler 

664      George  Gantz,  mason 

537      Grimes  &  Wilson . 

16      Conrad  Hoke 

200      Edward  Hall§ 

32      Patrick  Hagen 

152      James  Hamers,  blacksmith 

925      Daniel  Hack 

240      William  Hollen,  a  minor 

203      William  Hamilton 

666      Christ.  Harsha 

875      Henry  Hoke I,  tanner 

873      Robert  Horner,  merchant 

264      Jacob  Harper,  cordwinder 

264      Nicholas  Kevehaver 

530      William  Klonce,  cordwinder 

916  John  Kissinger 

72  George  Kerr  and  Kerr  &,  Mitchell,  nier 

64  chants 

207       Alex  Irvine,  merchant 

182      Hugh  Linn 

222      Fred  Long,  cordwinder 

829      Samuel  Lisley 

917  Linah  Thomas,  weaver 

608      John  Lower,  joiner 

157      Conrad  Lower,  joiner 

360      William  McGaughey 

11      William  McCreary 

942      John  McKallen 

066      Robert  Mayer 

127       Daniel  Murphy 

82      Robert  McCurdy 

263      James  McClure 

986      William  McPhersonfft 

137      AVidow  Agnes  McPhersong§  J 

80      William  McClellan,  squire 

157      David  Moore 

510      Michael  Miller 

533      Widow  McClellan 

110      John  Myers,  merchant 

314      Widow  Miller 


900 

375 

7 

7 

177 

307 

82 

241 

892 

774 

726 

297 

631 

70 

1,308 

1,436 

1,244 

7 

7 

1,106 

170 

536 

837 
1,615 

964 
1,020 

916 


157 
1,121 

406 
1,586 

451 

819 
1,794 

863 
4,551 

190 
1,516 
1,168 

514 
32 

507 

100 


*  store-house. 

t  Grist-mill. 

tt  Saw  and  grist-mill. 

I  Female  slave,  value  $100. 


J  Brick  house,  woman  slave,  value  825. 
il  Tanner,  held  male  slave,  value  $150. 
ttt  Holder  of  men  slaves,  value  S300. 
;t  Holder  of  man  slave,  value  S150. 


CUMBEBLAND   TOWNSHIP.  ■•  |  ■ 

M«.cord.w:nde! '"«  ?hbS8strffer ™ 

Samuel  Patterson..      £  '/•  V,  .m'''.'  ' «« 

George  Plank ««  h        i  iwP?>" »-3i» 

ohriiUanPauer, joiner.;:  ;:::::::;  i?  .:     T(;^r 4,,J 

Samuel  Phillips,  cordwinder. . . .  ■■<  ';  ,  ...  K££    ,:;'-' 

^e3df«: "-^ -MM  ^sephThompsonVtailor ^ 

«e^df  Ramsey,  merchants 517  John  Troxall ... ....        SB 

,'   "" 849  David  Troxall ', 

Hugo  Heed,  mason :>7  i,,i,„  \v;i '' 

Christian  Rock BSfi  W      ,,     u     VV 570 

l',.,.  i  i.,,,„,  i     ., "''  >>  Mimin  waikert mm 

Bred  Rumble,  blacksmith 307  n,,,,,.,.  w,,if  <°* 

Lndwick  Rumble s  ;>,  \\    ,, •"'■' 

,.,,,„,,  ls  Joseph    Walker <„... 

jamef^n6::::::: fi  Ssarffl6 

wuiiamstewart :::;:; ;::;:;::;    s  a*2MS.te-- 


918      George  Wible. 


..1,064 


Robert  Stewart .!.. 353        '.  ,    .;','     •  ^ 177 

Jacob  Shirfey 1  f5 i  ,'v         2-m 

S^iZ^™'^     ;:  :::  '  £    wlnUVu,^ 9f 

John  Sweeney 1  1011       \„  i„  ,„  u--i  , ■» 

HenrySpangfer.blacksmi-th.::::.::::1*1!?      £tePhenW  ml - '. 

James  Sweeney 1  ion      s,,. ,       A  •  ,    '  t 549 

Thomas  Sweeney '  i            ftl*  Jr 64 

John  Shakely. '  ;-I      ' '  .  \U> 888 

Lewis  Shrivir  "«n      I ■     ,^v?r L348 

' '60      Emanuel  Zigler -,;• 

mtt!J.e  S^V611/681^8  in  ™e  townshiI>  ™  1799,  were  William  Ashbougb' 
"'t,",;, ',"h''  '"V"1""'  ti"l(""  """"^  Ur,,,<l..„,  mrdwinder;  Georw  BoE 
m£  P  1 1, ■  T.  J"****"'  Black'  Macksmitts;  James  Blal  SJSj 
J.l.-hal.  Bams  Thomas  Brown,  weavers;  Samuel  Cobean,  John  Cluts  weav 
S5  Douglas  hatter;  James  Dobbin,  Henry  Duncan,  joiners    Wdlian, 

Pellons   weaver;   William  Hall,  John  Hamilton,  weavers;  JohnSei wea? 

Latta,  Matthew  LongwiU,  merchants;  William  McDead,  mason;  John  Mc 
^eary  tailor;  James  McNevin,  William  McKinley,  cabmet-makers;  SoS 
MeMurdie,   waver;   John  McOnllov    BpT,nr.l  U,1,J  -n„_:j   «■ ~™T'    £W)D!" 


men    possessed  some  little  property,  which  win 

real  estate  and  personal  property  assessment  amounted  to  $103  931 

sessed   by   David    Moore,  James  Gettys  and  Peter  Weikert      The  ™n    V 

w-.v  Kdwanl  Hall  and  Reynolds  RamTy,  the  rtllXMf" 

Prom  1  775  to  the  close  of  1865  this  division  of  the  State  was  alw, vs  wel  L 

resented  m  the  armies  of  the  Union.     During  the  Revolution  no  less  t   ,  „   5  ,  j 

PrTor  t0^!       f^r  °f.Y0,rk  C0Unf-V  Pa^ted  in  the  battles  f,„     I    ,r 
Prior  to  this  time  thev  stood  as  sentries  on  the  frontier,  and  in  the  late  "  , 
contributed  about   L'.-nn  men   to  the  defense  of  the  Union.      Th,  ,  , 

■gri  Of  the  war  of  INC,,   r,r,  see,,  „,  the  township,  was  ('apt.   st „  „.,     „  '     |     1 

The  men  who  answered  the  first  call  for  troops  in  1861,  residents  of  (•„,„ 
berland  Township  and  Gettysburg,  were  George  Quinn,  Ge^SfSenS        L 

'j;1       'V"1;  "  7"";  •'r'  JosePh  "■   ^er'  atetalpGfifir  at? 
EdwanTVUlty.  all  of  Cumberland  Township.     Andrew  Schick,  WffliaS  (  u  i,  / 


jFemale  slave,  value,  8100. 


244  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

Thaddeus  Warren,  Henry  Hughes,  Nicholas  J.  Codori,  Jr.,  James  A.  Lashall, 
Dr.  T.  T.  Tate,  Charles  R.  Bushey,  John  H.  Sheads,  Henry  Chritzman.  J. 
Louis  McClellan,  Johnson  M.  Skelly,  Jacob  Kitzmiller,  George  W.  Myers, 
Hemy  J.  Fry,  John  Sheads,  A.  P.  Bollinger,  Clinton  Danner,  Elias  Sheads, 
Samuel  George,  Alex  J.  Tate,  William  Pierce,  M.  J.  Coble,  Oscar  D.  McMillan, 
Isaac  M.  McClean,  Samuel  Vandersloot,  Thaddeus  S.  Welty,  John  G.  Fry, 
Jr.,  William  Wilson,  Frank  D.  Duphorn,  Duncan  M.  C.  Little,  William  M. 
C.  McGonegal,  Peter  Warren,  George  A.  Warner,  Wiljiam  Wiegantt,  and  A. 
J.  Cover.  John  T.  Mcllhenny  was  second  sergeant;  James  Adair,  fourth 
sergeant;  Adam  Doersour,  Jr.,  W.  E.  Culp  and  Jerome  Martin,  of  Gettys- 
burg, corporals;  William  W.  Little,  drummer;  John  Culp  and  E.  G.  Fahne- 
stock,  lieutenants;  P.  J.  Tate,  quartermaster,  and  C.  H.  Buehler,  captain. 
The  company  of  which  these  men  were  members  was  mustered  into  Company 
E,  Second  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry. 

The  house  immediately  south  of  the  National  Cemetery  was  built  by  Will- 
iam Guinn  in  1776,  and  occupied  July  4  of  that  year.  It  was  tenanted  by 
Catherine  Guinn  during  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  when  thirteen  shot  and  shell 
entered  it,  one  striking  the  bureau  near  which  the  old  lady  was  sitting.  She 
was  eighty-five  years  old  in  July,  1876. 

CHURCHES. 

The  Upper  Marsh  Creek  Church  stood  in  what  is  now  the  desolate  looking 
"Black' s  Grave-yard. ' '  After  Mr.  Black' s  time  the  congregation  pulled  down  the 
old  church,  and  built  one  on  North  Washington  Street,  Gettysburg,  near  the 
Catholic  Church.  This  was  succeeded  by  the  church  on  Baltimore  and  High 
Streets.  In  1775  Rev.  John  Black  became  pastor  of  "Upper  Marsh  Creek." 
In  1786  he,  with  others,  was  sent  off  to  form  the  Carlisle  Presbytery.  Owing 
to  congregational  difficulties  in  1790-94,  he  in  1794  joined  a  Reformed  Dutch 
congregation  near  Hunterstown.     His  death  took  place  August  16,  1802. 

The  old  log  church  of  the  Reformed  Presbyterians,  which  stood  on  the  old 
Dunwoody  farm,  now  the  David  Blocher  farm,  on  the  Carlisle  and  Newville  road 
was  erected  prior  to  1774,  as  Morrow  and  Dunwoody  were  ordained  elders  in 
1753,  and  the  society  was  organized  April  8,  the  same  year. 

The  Covenanters. — Among  the  Scotch  and  Scotch-Irish  settlers  along  Marsh 
and  Rock  Creeks  were  small  clusters  of  families  called  ' '  Covenanters  ' '  because 
they  asserted  that  the  obligation  of  the  ' '  Solemn  League  and  Covenant ' '  of 
their  forefathers  were  binding  upon  them.  Their  presbytery  in  the  mother 
country  took  the  name  of  the  Reformed  Presbytery  and  they  styled  themselves 
Reformed  Presbyterians.  They  had  been  called  Cameronians  in  Scotland 
after  one  of  their  field  preachers,  Richard  Cameron,  who  was  beheaded  in 
1680.  They  had  also  been  known  as  Mountain  People,  because  in  times  of  per- 
secution they  fled  to  the  mountains  to  worship  in  secret  places. 

There  were  seven  or  eight  little  Covenanter  societies  between  the  Susque- 
hanna and  the  Blue  Ridge  before  the  arrival  of  their  first  minister  from  the 
mother  country.  Rev.  Alexander  Craighead,  a  Presbyterian  minister  who 
sympathized  with  the  Covenanters  in  their  distinctive  principles,  preached  to 
them  for  a  time.  One  of  these  little  societies  was  at  Marsh  Creek,  and  had 
what  was  called  a  ' '  tent' '  for  their  public  meetings  not  far  from  the  site  of 
Gettysburg.  The  ' '  tent"  of  the  Covenanters  of  that  time  is  described  as  simply 
a  stand  in  the  woods  with  a  shelter  overhead,  a  board  braced  against  a  tree  on 
which  to  lay  the  Bible  and  psalm  book,  and  rude  seats  [in  front  for  the  congre- 
gation over  whom  there  was  no  covering  but  the  sky.  At  a  general  meeting 
of  delegates   from  the  different  societies  held  at  Middle  Octorora.  March  4, 


CUMBICULAM)  TOWNSHIP.  245 

IT  It.  Thomas  Wilson  and  David  Dunwoodj  were  delegates  from  t  h»«  Marsh 
Creek  society. 

In  1T">1  Rev.  John  Cuthbertson,  the  first  Reformed  Presbyterian  minister 
in  America  sent  bj  the  denomination  in  Scotland,  arrived  in  Pennsylvania. 
On  September  1.  1751,  Mr.  Cuthbertson  preached  his  first  sermon  to  the 
Adams  County  Covenanters  at  their  tent,  which  was  not  far  from  the  residence 
of  David  Dunwoody.  On  April  8,  L753,  was  the  first  ordination  of  ruling 
elders  of  tins  i li ii uuninat ion  in  America.  Six  persons  were  ordained,  two  of 
whom.  David  Dunwoody  and  Jeremiah  Morrow,  were  the  first  ruling  elders  of 
the  Covenanters  about  the  site  of  Gettysburg;  the  former  was  the  grandfather 
<>f  Rev.  Dr.  J.  L.  Dinwiddie,  the  latter  the  grandfather  of  Gov.  Jeremiah  Mor- 
row, of  Ohio.  The  society  soon  took  the  name  of  Rock  Creek  Church,  and 
built  its  first  log  meeting-house  near  that  stream  about  one  mile  northeast  of 
where  Gettysburg  now  stands.  In  lTiil  John  Murphy  and  Andrew  Branwood 
were  ordained    elders. 

The  Rook  Creek  Church  at  the  period  of  the  Revolution  was  probably  the 
most  important  and  influential  Covenanter  Church  in  America.  The  learned 
Rev.  Alexander  Dobbin  became  pastor  of  this  congregation  in  1TT1,  immediate- 
ly after  his  arrival  in  this  country  and  so  continued  until  his  death  in  1809. 
After  the  union  of  the  Reformed  Presbyterians  and  Associate  Presbyterians  in 
1782,  it  became  an  Associate  Reformed  Church,  and  about  3804  began  the 
erection  of  the  first  house  of  worship  in  Gettysburg.  This  church  was  "a  sub- 
stantial brick  structure,  of  good  size,  finished  in  the  old  style,  with  high-backed 
pews,  brick-paved  aisles,  high  pulpit  and  huge  sounding-board."  Ithassince 
been  remodeled  in  the  interior,  and  since  1858  has  been  known  as  the  United 
Presbyterian  Church. 

The  early  Covenanters  maintained  a  practical  dissent  against  the  British 
Government  prior  to  the  American  Revolution.  They  were  all  Whigs;  not  a 
Tor\  could  be  found  among  them.  Their  public  religious  services  lasted  four 
or  five  hours,  and  Oil  communion  days,  often  from  seven  to  nine  hours,  with  an 
intermission  of  fifteen  minutes  for  lunch.  Some  of  the  lead  tokens  used  bv 
them  at  communion  services  are  still  in  existence.  They  are  about  one-half  an 
inch  long,  and  nearly  as  wide,  with  the  letters  R.  P.  (Reformed Presbyterian) 
on  one  side,  and  L.  S.  (Lord's   Supper)  and  the  date,   lTiV.",  on  the  other. 

For  twenty-two  years  Rev.  John  Cuthbertson  was  the  only  Covenanter  pas- 
tor in  America.  During  his  tirst  year  in  this  country  he  preached  on  120  days, 
baptized  110  children  and  married  ten  couples.  Year  after  year  he  made  his 
way  in  summer' s  heat  and  winter' s  storm  over  a  region  now  forming  four  or  five 
counties.  At  many  of  his  preaching  stations  there  were  no  churches  for  years; 
at  such  places  he  pleached  in  the  groves,  when  the  weather  would  permit,  and 
in  private  houses  when  the  weather  was  not  propitious.  He  died  in  1791,  after 
having  toiled  in  this  country  nearly  forty  years,  during  which  he  preached  on 
2,452  days,  baptized  1,806  children,  married  UK)  couples  and  rode  on  horse- 
back about   70,000  miles.      These  facts  are  shown  by  his  diary. 

CEMETERIES. 

The  old  Marsh  Creek  Cemetery,  commonly  called  "  McClellan's,"  is  on  the 
eastern  bank  of  the  creek  a  point  north  of  the  stone  bridge  on  the  Fairfield 
road.  The  headstones  marking  the  burial  places  of  the  McClellans  were  moved 
to  Evergreen  Cemetery  some  years  ago.  The  stones  still  to  be  found  there 
give  the  following  names  and  dates  of  death  of  aged  people: 

Henry  McDonogh,  1758.  Jos  eph  McCleary,  1840. 

Rosanna  Crawford,  1772.  Eleanor  Kim-aid,  1768. 


24S  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

Christina  Deal,  1809.  Hugh  Dunwoodie,  1825. 

Sarah  Jamleson,  1807.  Sarah  Dunwoodie,  1744. 

Charles  Deal.  1820.  David  Dunwoody,  1802. 

Sarah  Cross,  1789.  Jane  Dunwoody.  1781. 

Eliza,  wife  of  Mark  Forney.  1852.  Elizabeth  Dunwoody,  1789. 
Eliza,  wife  of  John  Butts,  Sr.,  1851. 

The  old  monuments  to  the  McClellans,  moved  to  Gettysburg,  are  the  old 
fashioned  slate  stones.  They  memorialize  the  deaths  of  William  MeClellan, 
fourth,  fifth  and  sixth;  the  former  dying  in  1831. 

Black's  Cemetery  takes  its  name  from  Rev.  John  Black,  who  was  pastor  of 
Upper  Marsh  Creek  Presbyterian  Church  from  1775  to  178t>.  The  church  stood 
on  the  cemetery  grounds,  north  of  the  Chambersburg  road,  until  torn  down 
about  1786.  Among  the  straggling,  crumbling  monuments,  the  following 
names  and  dates  of  death  are  discernible: 

Mary  Orr,  1704.  Robert  McNutt,  1772. 

Thomas  Armstrong,  175'J.  Charles  McAlister,  1774. 

Mary,  Ins  wife,  1759.  James  McAlister.  1782. 

John  Morrison.  1749.  John  Bigham,  1759. 

His  wife,  1752.  Agnes  Bigham,  1749. 

Ann  Fletcher,  1773.  John  Innis.  1760. 

Wm.  Boyd,  1757.  James  Innis,  1766. 

Robert  Black,  1760.  Robert  Innis,  1763. 

JohD  Hosack,  1789.  Rev.  Robert  McMurdie,  1796 

Violet  Porter,  1753.  Margaret  McMurdy.  1777. 

Wm.  Porter,  1753.  Andrew  Thompson,  1768. 

Nathaniel  Porter,  1749.  Samuel  Agnew,  1760. 

Wm.  Boyd.  Sr..  unknown.  Mary  Agnew,  1760. 

Thomas  Boyd,  1760.  Alexander  Latta,  1772. 

Rebecca  Stevenson,  1767.  Hugh  Martin,  1767. 

Many  of  the  old  monuments  have  been  removed  to  Gettysbtu-g  and  other 
places.  The  few  remaining,  as  well  as  the  venerable  old  home  of  pioneers 
itself,  are  in  a  deplorable  condition  of  decay.  Hanee  Hamilton's  monument, 
moved  to  Gettysburg  some  years  ago,  is  badly  shattered.  It  records  his  death, 
February  2,  1772,  aged  fifty-one  years.  This  old  settler  commanded  in  a  fight 
with  Indians  at  Bellemont  about  1758.  The  pioneer  McPhersons  claim  some 
ancient  monuments  also  in  the  new  cemetery  at  Gettysburg. 

The  old  cemeteries  within  the  borough  of  Gettysburg  are  the  German  Re- 
formed, near  the  church;  old  cemetery  east  of  county  jail;  old  Catholic;  United 
Presbyterian,  opposite  the  Catholic  Church;  Colored  Cemetery  on  York  road, 
near  railroad,  and  Methodist,  in  rear  of  G.  A.  R.  Post,  No.  9,  hall.  Removals 
to  Evergreen  Cemetery  and  to  the  new  Catholic  Cemetery  have  been  exten- 
sively carried  out,  so  that  the  old  homes  of  the  dead  are  fast  falling  to  decay. 
In  April,  1S80,  the  lot  east  of  the  jail  was  cleared  of  its  228  silent  tenants  by 
Samuel  Herbst  and  a  force  of  exhumers,  some  of  the  remains  being  moved  to 
the  graveyard,  where  the  Reformed  Church  stands,  and  some  to  the  old  ceme- 
tery. Sixty-four  with  headstones  were  placed  in  the  Reformed  Church  Ceme- 
tery and  twelve  in  Evergreen  Cemetery.  One  hundred  and  fifty-two  graves 
were  unmarked. 

SCHOOLS. 

In  April,  1800,  the  following  named  residents  of  Cumberland  Town- 
ship agreed  to  send  their  children  to  a  school  at  Gettysburg  to  be  con- 
ducted by  a  teacher  of  their  own  choice:  David  Dunwoody,  Henry  Hoke. 
Archibald  Dickey,  Walter  Smith,  Emanuel  Zeigler,  Hugh  Dunwoody,  Henry 
Weaver  and  Jacob  Sell  agreed  to  send  each  one  child;  James  Scott,  Joseph 
Little,  James  Duncan  and  Alex.  Dobbin  agreed  to  send  two  children  each;  A. 
Russell  agreed  to  send  three  children,  while  George  Kerr  agreed  to  send  one- 


FRANKLIN  TOWNSHIP.  247 

half,  which  is  interpreted  to  be  a  baby  scholar.  The  election  of  teacher,  which 
was  held  the  same  month,  resulted  in  the  choice  of  David  Moore,  Jr.,  over 
Andrew    Wilson. 

Thaddeus  Stevens  represented  ( ietn  Bbnrg  and  Cumberland  Township  in  the 
convention  of  November  1.  1834,  ami  voted  for  adopting  the  common  school 
system  according  to  the  act  of  April  1.  1834.  On  November  28,  1834,  the 
school  board  of  Gettysburg  divided  the  borough  into  four  school  districts,  and 
established  one  school  for  colored  children.  S.  S.  King  was  president,  and 
Robert  G.  Harper  secretary  of  the  board.  Common  schools  were  opened 
January  5.  1835,  in  Thomas  Menargh's  house,  Mr.  Schriener's,  Mr.  McMil- 
lar's  and  Mr.  McClean's;  the  colored  school  in  Mrs.  Keech's  house. 

The  postoffices  in  Cumberland  Township  are  Gettysburgh  and  Green 
Mount,  latter  located  southwest  of  Eound  Top,  on  the  Emmittsbnrg  road,  be- 
low the  old  Wilson  farm.  It  is  the  postal  center  for  the  greater  part  of  Free- 
dom Township  and  southern  portion  of  Cumberland.  Mr.  Bigham  is  in  charge 
of  the  office. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

On  February  24,  1809,  Thomas  J.  Lee  was  shot  and  killed  by  F.  Weeins 
Black  at  Mrs.  Rosensteel' s,  "Wolf  Hill,"  two  miles  south  of  Gettysburg. 
Black  was  acquitted  of  murder. 


CHAPTER    XXXI. 

FRANKLIN  TOWNSHIR 

Till'  streams  of  Franklin  Township  comprise  Conowago  Creek,  which  rises 
in  the  springs  west  of  St.  Ignatius  Church,  flows  northeast  to  the  Long 
farm,  where  it  forms  the  Bend,  and  this,  with  the  continuation  of  stream  south- 
east to  a  point  just  north  of  Arendtsville,  forms  the  eastern  half  of  the  northern 
boundary  of  the  township;  Conococheague  Creek,  which  rises  on  the  west  slope 
of  Piney  Hill  near  the  old  saw-mills,  flows  southwest  to  Birch  Run,  and  leaves 
the  county  just  west  of  Graeffenburg;  McDowell's  Run,  which  enters  Black's 
Creel;  near  the  old  Garbaugh  mill,  flows  west  and  leaves  the  county  near 
Graeffenburg;  Little  Marsh  Creek  forms  part  of  the  southern  line  of  the  town- 
ship: Marsh  Creek,  so  celebrated  for  giving  drink  to  the  true  Revolutionists 
who  settled  along  its  banks  in  the  first  half  of  the  eighteenth  century,  which 
rises  in  Poplar  Springs  (with  feeders  from  Kane's  farm  and  Knouse's  farm 
away  up  in  South  Mountain,  and  streams  west  of  Arendtsville),  flows  southeast 
to  Seven  Stars,  where  it  forms  the  southeastern  boundary  of  the  township. 
Crystal  rivulets  flow  everywhere,  and  it  is  not  uncommon  to  find  house- 
holders leading  the  water  from  some  spring  in  the  mountain  into  their  homes 
and  gardens,  as  is  the  case  at  Stockslagger' s  hotel  in  Cashtown. 

The  lands  east  of  South  Mountain,  north  and  south  of  tho  Gettysburg  and 
Chambersbnrg  road,  are  exceptionally  good,  though  rolling  heavily.     Buchanan 

Valley  claims  some  large  and  beautiful  farms,  and  even  in  the  (' heague 

Valley  some  tine  land  is  cultivated.  The  elevations  are  Arendt's  mill,  780 
feet:  Cashtown,  800  feet;  Graeffenburg,  1,020  feet;  McKnightstown,  656 
feet;  Mummasburg,  542  feet.  Hilltown  is  the  same  elevation  as  Arendt's 
mill:  Arendtsville  is  620  feet.      The  highest  point  on  the  Chamber-burg  Pike 


248  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

is  east  of  Newman's,  being  1,4-40  feet.  On  the  Cold  Springs  road  near 
Graeffenburg  the  altitude  is  1,770  feet,  and  the  highest  peak  of  the  South 
Mountain  in  Pennsylvania,  one  mile  south  of  Caledonia  Springs. 

The  geological  outcrop  shows  shale  containing  magnetic  ore  two  miles 
northwest  of  McKnightstown,  ore  with  crystalized  calcite,  white  argillaceous 
sandstone,  green  chloritic  top  rock,  calcite  in  ore,  decomposed  clay  shale, 
calcareous  conglomerate,  red  sandstone,  baked  mud  rock,  limestone,  ore 
slightly  magnetic  chlorite  and  quartz,  slaty  orthofelsite  near  Arendtsville,  also 
pearly  crystalline  schist,  red  quartzite,  jaspery  orthofelsite,  argillite,  finely 
laminated  orthofelsite  (northwest  of  Cole's  mill),  red  quartoze  schist,  copper 
rock,  diabase  with  stellate  crystals,  fine  ground  granite  rock,  feldspar  in 
chloritic  slate. 

The  ore  bed  on  the  Adam  Winter  farm  was  worked  by  McCormick  &  Co. 
in  1874,  and  shipments  made.  Iron  ore  was  taken  in  1867  from  a  ridge  on 
the  farm  of  Peter  Comfort  in  Franklin  Township.  Later  a  mine  was  worked 
by  the  Wrightsville  Iron  Co. 

The  indications  of  iron  ore  round  Miltenberger'  s  mill  in  the  South  Moun- 
tain drew  some  attention  in  the  winter  of  1869-70. 

On  John  Baker's  place,  beyond  Cashtown,  Harry  Yingling,  of  Gettysburg, 
found  a  vein  of  asbestos,  seven  feet  below  the  surface,  in  1884. 

In  1881  a  circular  excavation  was  discovered  in  the  Buchanan  Valley, 
twelve  feet  in  diameter,  six  feet  deep,  with  trees,  twenty  inches  in  diameter, 
growing  round  the  embankment,  and,  in  the  hollow,  the  stump  of  what  was 
once  a  large  tree.      The  old  settlers  say  it  belongs  to  pre-revolutionary  times. 

Near  Noah  Sheely's  there  is  an  old  burying  ground,  but  the  stones  do  not 
bear  inscriptions.  It  is  thought  that  the  tenants  of  the  graves  were  Indians. 
Just  north  of  the  United  Brethren  Church  Aaron  Sheely  examined  a  mound, 
but  found  nothing  to  show  that  any  one  was  buried  there. 

Near  Rock  Top  there  was,  in  1879,  a  chestnut  tree  measuring  twenty -two 
feet  in  girth,  two  feet  from  the  ground.  On  the  Butt  farm  there  were  two 
large  chestnut  trees  twenty-one  feet  in  girth,  and  thirty  feet  clear  to  the  first 
limb.  The  other  was  eighteen  feet  seven  inches  in  girth.  On  the  Deardorff 
farm  is  a  chestnut  tree  eighteen  feet,  eight  inches  in  girth,  and  a  white  oak 
tree  fourteen  feet  in  girth. 

John  F.  Hopkell  and  George  Hossler  were  engaged  in  selling  foreign  mer- 
chandise alone,  and  Thomas  McKnight  and  Thomas  "Wilson  sold  foreign  mer- 
chandise, wines  and  liquors  in  1824. 

The  population  in  1800  was  1,023;  in  1810,  889—472  males,  390  females, 
3  slaves  and  24  free  colored  persons;  in  1820,  1,456,  including  47  colored;  in 
1830,  1,588;  in  1840,  1,698;  in  1850,  1,806,  including  19  colored;  in  1860, 
2,115,  including  23  colored;  in  1870,  2,176,  including  13  colored;  and  in 
1880,  2,499.  The  number  of  taxpayers  (1886)  is  754;  value  of  real  estate, 
$657,938;  number  of  horses,  etc.,  506;  of  cows,  etc.,  677;  value  of  moneys  at 
interest.  $23,654;  value  of  trades  and  prof essions,  $24,460;  number  of  pleasure 
carriages.  231;  gold  watches,  10;  silver  watches,  2;  acres  of  timber  land, 
18,499. 

The  entries  of  land  in  this  portion  of  ' '  The  Manor  of  Maske ' '  prior  to 
1842  were  legalized  in  1802,  as  related  in  the  history  of  Cumberland  Town- 
ship. 

The  names  and  dates  of  entry  are  given  as  follows: 
Thoma9  Hosack,  March,  1740.  John  Buchanan.  May,  1740. 

John  Hosack,  March.  1740.  Robert  Black's  heirs"  March,  1738. 

John  Boyd,  March,  1740.  Alexander  McKeen,  March.  1738. 

W.  Bovd  and  B.  Smith,  March,  1740.  Hugh  McKeen,  March,  1738. 


7 


<2^x/ 


FRANKLIN  TOWNSHIP. 


•jr.  I 


William  Quiet  and  Son,  April.  1741. 

Junes  Biddle,  May.  L740. 

Col.  Eance  Hamilton,  for  farm,   April,   1741. 

David  Frazier,  March,  1738. 

Hannah  Leslie,  April,  1741. 

John  Miller.  April,  1741. 

John  Steel,  September,  1740. 

Henry  Cotton,  April,  1741. 

Wallet  Buchanan,  Septemher,  1739. 

Margaret  Buchanan,  May,  1740. 


James  Wilson,  May.  1741. 
Margaret  Young,  April,  1741. 
Robert  Johnson,  April.  1741. 
Henry  Pearson,  April,  1741. 
Duncan  McDonnell,  April.  1740. 
Man   McMullen,  May.  1741. 
James  Erwin,  September,  1739. 
.lame-  Russell,  May,   1840. 
J. .hn  Russell,  May,  1840. 
Thomas  Nealson,  March.  1741. 
Joseph  Wilson,  March,  1788. 

A  petition  similar  to  that  from  Hamiltonban  was  presented  to  the  Penn- 
sylvania Council  in  1789,  signed  by  William  Russell,  Samuel  Cross,  Thomas 
Co.".  Samuel  Porter,  James  McGlaughlin,  Matthew  McNutt,  Robert  McNutt, 
William  Orr  and  John  Orr,  asking  for  a  resurvey  of  that  portion  of  "Carroll's 
Delight"  in  Franklin  Township.  The  petition  was  considered,  and  the  same 
half  justice  meted  out  to  them  as  was  accorded  to  their  neighbors  in  the  "  Man- 
or of  Maske." 

The  assessment  of  this  township,  made  in  1799,  gives  the  following  names 
and  trades  and  assessed  valuations  of  property: 

Peter  Areudt $  818 

John  Arentlt.  hotel  and  blacksmith.  .  .     078 

Nicholas  Beasacker 761 

George  Beasacker 654 

John'  Brush,  hotel 251 

Andrew  Beanwood 983 

Adam  Buer 120 

Michael  Bushey ! 961 

Benjamin  Boyd 888 

Christopher  Baker 109 

Archibald  Boyd 781 

Michael  Barr 620 

Nicholas  Barr 396 

Abraham   Boyers 533 

Michael  Bittinger 544 

Jonas  Boyers 867 

R.  v.  John  Black 1,675 

James  Black 1,317 

Samuel  Culbertson 547 

Martin  Carbaugh,  Sr 120 

Christopher  Carbaugh 1,282 

Thomas  Cross 779 

John  Cimes,  Jr 7 

Nicholas  Candle 68 

Samuel  Cross* 1,617 

Samuel  Cobeanf 1,141 

John  Clark,  grist  and  saw-mill 1,874 

Joseph  Corncbour 61 

Lewis  Chamberlin 675 

Jai  ob  Candle,  weaver 7 

Martin  Carbaugh,  grist  and  saw-mill.     497 

mfort,  blacksmith 343 

John  Carbaugh 459 

William  Ewing 1,188 

David  Frete,  fulling-mill 701 

Leonard  Flower 1,047 

Leonard  Flower.  Jr 47 

Jacob  Freet,  stiller 7 

Falty  Flower 646 

John  Foster,  merchant 203 

John  Fletcher| 1,521 

John  Gross ii.',4 


Thomas  Gilchrist,  tannery 873 

. I  allies  Gilchrist 639 

Matthias  Glass 749 

George  Graft 297 

Hart  George,  weaver 52 

Jacob  Gilbert 1,648 

Charles  Good 794 

Andrew  Gilwix 332 

Hugh  Gallagher,  saw-mill 121 

John  HartJ 676 

John  Hartman 741 

Henry  Hoover  1,218 

Christopher  Howlinger£ 1,287 

Andrew  Hanselman 581 

Peter  Hoofman 467 

Henry  Hosack 807 

Walter  Jenkins 569 

Moses  -lenkins 536 

Peter  Ickes 70 

Robert  Kidd 310 

James  King 617 

James  Keve,  tailor 965 

John  Luelsberger 1,119 

Henry  Lauser 459 

Joseph  Linard 28 

William  Laird 744 

John  Laird  654 

Anthony  Loop,  joiner 14 

Henrv  Miller 741 

Adam  Minter 975 

James  McKnightt 698 

Adam  Miller,  potter 361 

John  Moyer 456 

Hugh  McGaughey,  blacksmith 255 

Martin  Muckleyg 1,128 

John  Muckley,  blacksmith 14 

Peter  Mlieklev 14 

Daniel  Muckley 901 

Samuel  McGowan 88 

Moses  McClean 2,071 

John  MeClean.   tanner 92 

Martin  Minter 581 


♦^lone  house  and  one  slave,  S75. 
tTwo  slaves,  8180. 


JSpelled  Mickley. 

-i  i 

bouse. 


252  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

James  MoGlaughlin 881  Jacob  Shank 1,296 

Samuel  MeMullen,  blacksmith 057  Robert  Stewart 481 

John  Miller,   oil-mill 403  CasparShiffler 628 

Michael  Malone 21  Martin  Snider , 833 

Peter  Morritz,   tavern  place 1,200  David  Strite 852 

William  Malone 22  John  Stanley 1,138 

Andrew  Miller 115  Widow  Stockleger 968 

Jacob  Mondorff 522  John  Stockleger 798 

David  McClure  (or  McElwee) 250  George  Saltzgiver,  fulling-mill 293 

Estate  of  James  Johnson  (deceased)  .  .  1,015  John  Smith 831 

Jacob  Middlecoff.l  grist  and  saw-mill.  2,511  John  Smelsor,  miller 14 

John  Mossmau 69  Conrad  Suttle 2,092 

William  McDonnell 998  George  Sheakley 1,047 

Joseph  Morrison 1,227  John  Shull,  blacksmith 37 

Robert  McMordie 1,148  Samuel  Trone 75 

Peter  Mark 44  Henrv  Toot,  tailor 76 

Nicholas  Mark,  J  'saw-mill 1,767  John'Stoner 905 

James  Marshall 65  Jacob  Smith,  nailer 48 

Samuel  Marshall 650  William  Tailor 88 

John  Milligan 32  Alexander  Thompson,  hotel 624 

George  Orr 487  Abraham  Whetmore. .'. 1,200 

Nathaniel  Paxton 886  Mathias  Wallen 870 

James  Paxton 536  Joseph  Wilson 912 

Baltzer  Pitzer 1,238  Marmaduke  Wilson 1,065 

Samuel  Porter 802  Benjamin  Workman 71 

Peter  Piper 1,081  Jacob  Winter 554 

David  Rife 2,365  William  Walter 171 

Samuel  Russell 738  Henry  Walter 837 

Joshua  Russell,  J  hotel 1,423  George  Walter,  blacksmith 14 

Samuel  Russell,  carpenter 823  John  vVhite 374 

John  Russell 1,137  Nicholas  Young.  . , 1,004 

John  Ross,  cooper 1,248  Israel  Irvine,  tailor 14 

Jacob  Ritter 102 

The  total  assessed  valuation  made  by  James  Gilchrist,  Thomas  Ewing  and 
Nicholas  Mark  in  December,  1798,  for  the  year  1799  was  $99,960.  Charles 
Good  and  William  Laird  were  the  collectors. 

The  single  men  residing  in  the  township  at  this  time  were  assessed  $1 
each.  They  are  named  as  follows:  William  Craig,  George  Kerbough, 
Henry  Walter,  John  Glass,  Matthias  Glass,  Adam  Snider,  Martin  Snider, 
Moses  Davis;  Daniel  Knouse,  blacksmith;  Peter  Wagoner,  shoe-maker;  Andrew 
McLone;  John  Kerr,  shoe-maker;  William  Fossitt;  John  Kerbough,  shoe-maker; 
Peter  Piper,  joiner;  Edward  Fosler,  nailer;  John  Howlinger,  George  Todd, 
William  Laird,  John  Laird;  Jacob  Sauni,  shoe-maker;  John  Cobean,  Robert 
Laird;  Baltzer  Minter,  weaver;  Thomas  Moore,  William  McCleary;  Robert 
Marshall,  tanner;  Robert  Morrison;  Sample  Ross,  cooper;  John  Shiftier,  Sam- 
uel Willsor,  Archibald  Fleckher,  William  Stewart,  P.  Stockleger  and  Abel 
Finley. 

The  capture  of  Mary  Jamison  in  Buchanan  Valley  was  effected  by  the  In- 
dians in  1758.  Mrs.  Robert  Bleakney,  residing  in  Buchanan  Valley  in  1879 
made  the  following  reference  to  its  history:  "  When  the  Indians  threatened 
the  settlements  the  Bleakneys  removed  to  Conowago  Township;  the  Kilken- 
nons  (who  lived  where  Samuel  McKenrick'  s  house  stands),  father  and  seven 
strong  boys  with  mother  and  girls,  intended  to  remain,  and  went  to  the  block- 
house, which  stood  on  the  Hartman  farm  back  of  Arendtsville,  but  on  the  ap- 
proach of  the  Indians  fled.  Thomas  Jamison' s  family,  his  wife  Jane  (Erwin), 
resided  on  the  old  Joseph  I.  Lever's  farm  (now  belonging  to  Francis  Cole), 
from  1743,  when  they  came  from  Ireland,  to  1755.  The  father,  mother  and 
daughter  were  carried  off;  a  hired  man  named  Robert  Buck  was  killed,  but  the 
two  little  Jamison  boys  crept  into  a  hollow  log  and  escaped.  Mary  Jamison 
married  an  Indian." 


FRANKLIN  TOWNSHIP.  253 

Thomas  Jamison  moved  in  L754  to  Buchanan  Valley  and  must  have  been 
among  the  other  Irish  settlers  on  Marsh  Creek  for  the  ton  years  preceding, 
•lame-  Bleakney,  grandfather  of  Robert,  died  in  L821,  aged  ninety-eight  years. 
Mary  Jamison  was  born  on  the  Atlantic  after  her  parent--  left  Ireland  in  L743. 

Immediately  after  the  adduction  of  the  Jamisons  a  Mr.  Fields  headed  a 
relief  party  nf  neighbors  (numbering  six  men)  and  started  in  pursuit:  The 
savages  realized  the  advance  of  avengers,  and.  to  better  enable  them  to  escape, 
turned  on  their  captives  and  killed  Thomas  .Jamison;  Jane  (El'vini  Jamison, 
his  wife;  Betsy,  his  daughter;  Robert  and  Matthew,  their  sons;  Mrs.  Buck 
and  two  of  her  children.  They  spared  Mary  Jamison,  who  died  in  L833,  and  a 
little  son  of  Mrs.  Buck. 

In  1758  Richard  Bard  was  carried  off.  On  May  23.  1758,  Joseph  Gallady 
was  killed,  and  his  wife  and  one  child  taken  from  Conococheague.  Frederick 
Smith  who  murdered  Frederick  Porster,  the  German  tailor  of  Arendtsville,  was 
sentenced  to  he  hanged  September  24,  1849,  hut  hanged  himself  September 
26,  IM'.i. 

CHURCHES. 

The  Rifitnuiil  ami  Liithrran  ['iiimi  Church,  known  as  "Flohr's,"  dates 
back  to  1  S'_!'_',  when  the  two  societies  entered  on  the  work  of  erecting  a  house 
of  worship.  In  187")  the  Reformed  Society  which  owned  an  interest  in 
■•Flohr's''  Church  with  the  Lutherans,  up  to  that  time,  purchased  the  hitter's 
interest  for  $400,  and  the  Lutherans  bought  the  lot  on  which  the  church  stood 
5,  and  on  which  the  present  Lutheran  Chiu-ch  now  stands,  near  Mc- 
Knightstown,  this  township.  Some  of  the  original  documents  belonging  to 
this  society  were  destroyed  in  the  rebel  invasion  of  1803,  hence  the  date  of  or- 
ganization and  names  of  original  members  are  unknown.  The  date  of  the 
building  of  the  first  church  is  also  unknown.  The  second  church  was  built 
of  brick  where  the  present  one  now  stands.  It  was  dedicated  in  1822,  and 
used  as  already  stated,  by  the  Reformed  and  Lutheran  denominations  until 
L875.  The  present  church  was  erected  in  1875-76  and  dedicated  in  the 
latter  year.  Its  present  membership  is  200.  and  value  of  property  is  $7,000. 
The  names  of  pastors  are  Revs.  John  Herbst,  Charles  Weyle,  Frederick  Ruth- 
rauff.  Benjamin  Keller,  George  Roth,  L.  J.  Bell,  J.  K.  Miller,  Michael 
Snyder.  H.  F.  Long  and  D.  M.   Blackwelder. 

Mennonites. — On  the  north  side  of  the  road  opposite  Flohr's  Church,  stood 
the  old  Mennonite  meeting-house,  in  which  the  followers  of  Menno  Simonis 
worshiped  until  1823,  when  a  church  was  erected  at  Mummasburg.  A  school- 
house  occupies  the  site  of  the  old  church;  but  opposite  is  the  ancient  cemetery 
of  the  original  congregation,  still  claiming  memorials  of  many  of  its  early 
tenant-. 

ARENDTSVILLE. 

The  site  of  Arendtsville  or  "John's  Pursuit,"  was  warranted  to  Nicholas 
Curie  January'.).  L739,  and  patented  by  John  Arendt  August  II.  1810.  In 
1803  one  William  Sterling,  of  Gettysburg,  conveyed  forty  acres  (of  the  Curie 
seventy-three  acres)  for  5  s.,  just  across  the  Menallen  line,  where  the  block- 
house of  1855  stood.  Arendtsville  was  founded  in  1  SOS  by  John  Arendt,  who 
died  in   1826. 

In  1820  Myers  kept  the  weather-boarded  hotel,  where  George  G.  Plank's 
dwelling  n<  rw  stands.  The  "  Hiram  Trostle  House  "  was  also  there,used  asa  tav- 
ern. John  Arendt  built  the  house  at  the  corner  of  the  square  now  owned  by 
Mr.  Malaum.  and  a  blacksmith  shop,  where  now  are  the  hotel  stables.  In 
1845  Lower  opened  a  store  where  now  is  the  Trostle  Building;  in  1848  he  built 


254  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

a  carpenter  shop  on  the  Mrs.  A.  Taylor  property;  in  1852  George  Lower 
erected  a  stone  building  on  the  lot  adjoining.  In  1845  Jacob  Keckler  was 
postmaster;  Emanuel  TJmstadt  established  the  first  tannery. 

CHURCHES. 

Trinity  Lutheran  Church. — The  date  of  the  organization  of  this  society  is 
about  1781,  and  the  date  of  the  church  buildings  are  respectively  1787,  1851 
and  1882.  The  first  was  of  logs,  located  in  the  present  old  grave-yard.  The 
second  was  of  brick,  and  stood  where  the  present  improved  Reformed  Church 
now  is.  The  first  and  second  churches  were  used  jointly  by  the  Reformed  and 
Lutheran  denominations  until  the  summer  of  1882.  The  present  church  is 
located  beside  the  Lutheran  parsonage  on  High  Street,  in  Arendtsville.  It 
is  built  of  brick,  two  storied,  with  steeple  and  bell.  Its  present  membership 
numbers  321,  and  the  value  of  property,  inclusive  of  parsonage,  is  $10,000. 
The  following  are  the  names  of  the  pastors  who  have  served  this  congregation: 
Revs.  Meltzheimer,  Heiney,  John  Herbst,  Charles  Weyle,  Frederick  Ruth- 
rauff,  Benjamin  Keller,  A.  R.  Height,  George  Roth,  L.  J.  Bell,  J.  K.  Miller, 
Michael  Snyder,  H.  F.  Long  and  D.  M.  Blackwelder. 

In  1781  a  grant  of  two  acres  and  twenty-seven  perches  of  and  was  made 
by  Jacob  Arendt  and  Stophel  Sentmire,  to  Frederick  Stan  our  and  Philip 
Hartzell  for  the  use  of  the  Lutheran  and  Reformed  Churches.  This  lot  adjoins 
"John's  Pursuit;"  on  this  a  house  of  worship  was  erected  on  the  southeast 
corner  of  the  square,  opposite  the  present  Reformed  Church,  in  1857 — a  two- 
story,  log,  weather-boarded  structure.  The  pulpit  was  barrel  shaped  and  the 
altar  was  railed  in.  The  school  and  sexton's  house,  at  the  end,  were  built  at 
the  same  time.  In  1851  these  old  buildings  were  removed,  and  the  founda- 
tions for  a  new  church  laid  on  the  site  of  the  school  and  sexton' s  house.  This 
was  known  as  Zion  Reformed  and  Lutheran  Church.  With  its  building  the 
parish  school  disappeared.  In  1785  the  first  record  book  was  purchased. 
The  first  to  be  baptized  were  John,  Jacob  and  Anna  Catherine  Schneider, 
March  26,  1786.  The  oldest  communion  list  is  dated  May  9  and  23,  1790.  The 
first  burial  in  the  old  graveyard  was  in  1790,  when  Anna  Maria  Berrin  was 
interred.     In  1872  Green  Mount  and  Fairview  Cemeteries  were  established. 

Zion's  Reformed  Church  at  Arendtsville. — The  Lutheran  and  Reformed  con- 
gregations worshiped  in  the  same  house  until  1878,  when  the  former  built  a 
commodious  and  beautiful  church,  in  which  they  have  since  worshiped. 
The  latter  bought  out  the  Lutheran  interest  in  the  old  church  and  last  year 
determined  to  remodel  it,  which  has  been  done  at  a  cost  of  $6,000,  and  the 
church  was  dedicated  (free  of  debt)  Sunday,  May  9,  1886,  by  Rev.  M.  H. 
Sangree.  The  building  is  of  brick,  67x43  feet,  with  two  towers  and  a 
1.200  pound  bell,  and  is  Gothic  in  style,  with  a  seating  capacity  of  500,  The 
organization  of  this  society  dates  back  to  1787.  The  following  are  names  of 
the  ministers  who  have  served  this  congregation:  Revs.  Lebrecht  L.  Hinsch, 
1804-34;  Benjamin  Schneck,  1835;  Jacob  Baer,  1838;  Samuel  Gutalius,  1840- 
43;  E.  V.  Gerhardt,  D.  D.,  1843  to  1S49;  Jacob  Zeigler,  1849  to  1863; 
D.  W.  Wolf,  1865  to  1873;  A  J.  Heller,  1873  to  1883;  and  M.  H.  Sangree, 
present  incumbent,  from  1884. 

Miscellaneous. — After  1851  W.D.  Gobrecht  rebuilt  the  Hance  Morrison  saw- 
mill and  added  a  lath  and  shingle-mill.  In  1856  the  Cole  Bros,  purchased  the 
property,  and  in  1863  Francis  Cole  became  proprietor.  At  this  place  there  is 
a  covered  bridge  over  the  Conowago,  erected  in  1859.  In  1820  there  were  the 
Bluebaugh,  John  Bushey  and  Thomas  Good  taverns  near  the  foot  of  the  Narrows, 
where  John  Omer  now  lives.      Daniel  Arendt's  property  was  originally  owned 


FRANKLIN  TOWNSHIP.  255 

by  Nicholas  Bittinger,  whose  heirs  had  it  surveyed  in  1809.  The  Capt.  Eich- 
oltz  farm  was  warranted  in  L797  by  one  Ferguson,  and  sold  by  him  thai  year 
to  \ ,  I .- ,  i ,  i  Plumb.     Scotl  &  Smeltzer  built  the  firs!  saw-mill  there. 

In  1S1VI  the  Ferguson  Plumb  tract  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  Bells,  who  in 
later  years  Bold  the  mill  lands  to  D.  Arendt  and  the  Plumb  tract  to  Capt. 
Eioholtz.  Nicholas  Bittinger,  the  heroof  Fort  Washington,  built  the  first  grist 
mill.  H«-  died  in  1804  The  old  mill  was  rebuilt  for  the  heirs  of  William 
Bell,  Sr.  William  Bell,  Jr.  rebuilt  the  sawmill.  A.  distillery  stood  here  also 
which  Andrew  Bittinger  operated  for  a  number  of  years.  Francis  Knaus  built 
the  first  grist-mill  at  Arendtsville  in  L797.  In  1812  Isaac  Wierman  purchased 
the  mill  and  farm,  rebuilt  it  in  L840as  a  saw  and  grist  mill,  and  after  the  Wier 
man  Bros,  came  into  possession,  in  1866,  they  added  the  shingle-mill  and  in- 
troduced submerged  water-wheels. 

The  Washington  Independent  Guards  was  an  old  organization  of  Franklin 
even  in  1822.  The  Independent  Riflemen  of  Arendtsville  were  organized  ill 
.June.  1858,  with  forty  members.  William  F.  Walter  was  elected  captain,  Jacob 
H.  Plank,  firsi  lieutenant,  and  Jacob  M.  Bushey,  second  lieutenant. 

The   Arendtsville  ladies   organized  a  soldiers'    relief  society  in  December, 

1861.     The  committee  comprised  .Mrs.  J.  K.  Miller,  Mrs.  Jacob  Lower,  Mrs. 

Jacob  H.  Plank,  Mrs.  Peter  Boblitz,  Mrs.  0.  Haines  and  Mrs.  Samuel  Eicholtz. 

In  the  fall  of  1867  the  Franklin  &  Butler  military  company  was  organized. 

This  was  known  as  the  Franklin  Zouaves,  with  Samuel  H.  Eicholtz,  captain. 

CASHTOWN. 

This  village  nestles  at  the  foot  of  Eock  Top,  which  rises  almost  perpendic- 
ularly to  a  height  of  410  feet  above  the  level  of  the  village,  or  1 , 2 1 0  feet  above 
the  Atlantic.  Its  beginnings  go  away  back  to  pioneer  days.  For  some  years  past 
Cashtown  has  been  casting  away  the  swaddling  clothes  of  a  mountain  hamlet, 
and  now  boasts  of  a  fine  church  building,  a  well  conducted  hotel,  a  few  good 
business  houses  and  a  number  of  comfortable  private  homes.  A  toll  gate  of 
the  Gettysburg  &  Chambersburg  Pike-road  Company  occupies  a  central  place, 
but  apart  from  this  the  village  presents  a  modern  appearance.  Hilltown,  on 
the  road  up  to  the  South  Mountain  narrows,  maybe  termed  an  extension  of 
Cashtown. 

The  Reformed  Society  of  ( 'ashtown  formed  a  part  of  the  society  of  Flohr's 
Church  until  the  Lutheran  society  acquired  sole  control  there  inl 875-76.  About 
1876  the  society  at  Cashtown  was  formed;  in  1S77  the  work  of  building  the 
present  neat  house  of  worship  was  begun,  and  the  church  was  dedicated  Jan- 
uary 13,  1878.     The  cost  is  estimated  at  $3,500. 

Rock  Top  Observatory  was  completed  in  July,  1879,  for  the  owner,  Editor 
Stable. 

MUMMASBURG. 

This  village  was  surveyed  in  1820  by  John  L.  Hinkle  for  John  Mumma.  It 
was  platted  into  150  lots,"  one  of  which  was  the  spring,  donated  for  public  use, 
one  for  a  schoolhouse  and  one  or  two  for  religious  purposes.  Many  of  the  lots 
were  placed  in  the  lottery,  each  represented  by  a  156  ticket,  on  ■which  a  lot 
number  was  written.  The  "  Mansion  House  "  was  drawn  by  James  Black,  who 
at  once  opened  a  tavern  at  this  point,  near  his  old  tavern,  to  which  a  pike  road 
was  built  in  1812. 

In  1822-23  John  Mumma  succeeded  in  having  the  Meuvoiiite  Church  at 
Flohr's  removed  to  the  new  town,  and  donated  the  original  "Wislar  lot  to  the 
congregation.     Here  a  meeting-house  was  erected  in    1823,   and  the  cemetery 


256  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

laid  out  by  John  Wislar  and  Tobias  Boyer,  the  first  trustees.  Here  Abraham 
Roth,  the  bishop,  David  Reiff  and  George  Herone  preached  for  many  years. 
Daniel  Shank  is  the  present  bishop  of  this  county,  and,  with  Martin  Wislar, 
officiates  here. 

The  Union  Presbyterian  and  Lutheran  Church,  near  the  village  school,  was 
built  in  1S82.  The  lot  was  originally  granted  by  John  Mumma  on  condition 
that  the  church  to  be  built  thereon  would  be  open  to  all  Biblical  teachers.  Jo- 
seph Wilson  and  Solomon  Hartman  represented  the  Union  as  trustees,  and 
David  Wilts  was  superintendent  of  building. 

The  M.  T.  P.  Society  was  organized  April  8,  1858,  with  William  D.  Go- 
brecht,  president,  and  James  Russell,  secretary.  The  presidents  since  that  time- 
have  been  Jacob  Fulweiler,  B.  Deardorff,  John  Hartman  and  E.  W.  Stable. 
Jacob  Eicholtz  and  Jacob  Fulweiler  were  secretaries,  the  present  incumbent 
being  David  McGrew.  The  number  of  members  is  placed  at  2, 423 ;  value  of 
property  insured,  $3,250,980;  total  receipts  since  organization,  843,447.33; 
total  losses  paid,  $43, 447. 33.  The  Mummasburg  postoffice  has  been  in  charge 
of  H.  W.  Witmore  for  a  number  of  years. 

m'knightstown. 
McKnightstown  (or  New  Salem)  is  so  named  from  the  fact  that  it  occupies 
a  part  of  the  old  MeKnight  farm.  In  I860  Albert  Vandyke  sold  a  tract  of  land 
to  John  Hartman;  the  same  year  he  and  Hezekiah  Latshaw  surveyed  and 
platted  a  village,  and  immediately  a  house  was  erected  by  Abram  Miekley. 
In  1867  Jacob  F.  Lower  built  a  store-house,  and  during  that  year  many  of 
the  houses  now  constituting  the  village  were  erected.  The  postoffice  is  in 
charge  of  W.  F.  Rittase. 

BUCHANAN  VALLEY. 

Buchanan  Valley,  originally  called  "Pleasant  Valley,"  was  settled  about  the 
year  1734.  It  is  six  miles  in  length  and  about  two  miles  in  breadth.  James 
Bleakley  was  the  first  to  move  into  the  valley;  others  soon  followed.  Some  of 
the  names  of  those  were  Casper  Hiller,  Nicholas  Strausbaugh,  John  Dellone, 
Andrew  Noel,  Donald  MeClellan,  William  Cobb  and  James  Kern,  who  settled 
in  the  north  and  western  part;  Michael  Dellone,  Jacob  Starner  and  William 
Milligan  in  the  southern  part;  James  Jamison,  Robert  Buck,  Christopher 
Warren,  Jacob  Symmons  in  the  eastern  part. 

James  Bleakley  was  the  first  farmer;  was  also  a  shoe-maker  by  trade,  1734. 
The  first  child  born  in  the  valley  was  Isabella  Bleakley,  June  11,  1748.  The 
first  marriage  was  in  1778;  William  Brandon  to  Jane  Bleakley.  James 
Bleakley,  Jr.,  built  the  first  saw-mill  in  1783.  The  first  death  was  June  30, 
1809,  in  the  person  of  the  wife  of  James  Bleakley.  Mrs.  Armstrong  was  the 
first  school  teacher  (1790),  the  schoolhouse  being  situated  in  the  northern 
part  of  the  valley  at  the  foot  of  the  Pine  Mountain.  The  first  grist-mill  was 
built  in  1824  by  John  Lowstetter,  which  stands  on  the  farm  now  owned  by 
Theodore  Kimple,  being  on  the  Conowago  Creek.  George  Douse  was  the  first 
store-keeper,  opening  his  store  in  1851. 

The  residents  of  Hilltown  side  of  the  mountain  are  not  identified  with  the 
people  of  the  valley.  The  name  of  the  valley  was  changed  to  "Buchanan  Val- 
ley "  during  the  presidential  campaign  of  James  Buchanan  in  1856.  The  pres- 
ent number  of  inhabitants  is  502. 

There  are  at  present  three  stores  in  Buchanan  Valley,  kept  respectively  by- 
Mrs.  Anna  Rollman,  John  H.  Musser,  and  George  Cole,  Sr. ;  three  steam  saw- 
mills owned  respectively  by  Amos  Newman,   George  Cole,  Sr. ,  and  Willipm 


FRANKLIN  TOWNSHIP.  257 

Martin;  eight  Baw  mills  run  by  water  power  owned  respectively  by  Francis 
Cole,  Theodore  dimple,  Sr.,  John  Dillon,  Dillon  &  Irwin,  John  Bittinger, 
Andrew  Bittinger  and  Nancy  Bleakley;  one  grist-mil]  owned  1  > \  Theodore 
Kimplo.  Sr.;  one  blacksmith  shop,  Samuel  Irwin,  smith.  There  are  three 
echoolhousos  :  Brady's  school,  taught  by  Sarah  C.  Stable;  Strushaugh's 
school,  taught  by  Clement  Hartman,  and  Newman's  school  taught  by  Charles 
Deardorff. 

Agriculture,  stock  growing,  and  the  manufacture  of  lumber  are  the  princi- 
pal pursuits  of  the  inhabitants.  There  is  but  little  commerce,  charcoal,  grain 
and  lumber  being  the  chief  articles. 

Conowago  Creek  runs  through  the  valley,  rising  on  William  Sheppard's 
farm,  at  a  spring  in  the  meadow.  This  farm  is  situated  at  the  head  of  the 
valley  near  the  Chambersburg  pike. 

Valentine  Fehl  purchased  the  Cornelius  Campbell  and  other  tracts  (as  war- 
rented  in  L762),  in  1  795,  and  in  July,  1809,  they  were  deeded  to  him,  and  be- 
came known  as  the  Armagh  tract,  now  the  property  of  Francis  Cole,  and  here 
he  kept  a  hotel  as  late  as  1825.  In  1795  it  was  the  property  of  the  heirs  of 
Hans,  Hugh  and  James  Morrison  and  John  Sample.  Morrison  built  the  first 
saw-mill  on  this  property. 

William  Boyd  kept  tavern  where  C.  W.  Stewart  now  lives.  William  Kelso 
settled  here  and  built  the  house  which  is  still  standing,  in  1770.  In  1779 
Andrew  Boyd  purchased  it  from  Kelso  and  William  Boyd,  and  opened  it  as  a 
hotel  at  the"  foot  of  Piney  Hill. 

Trust  postoffice  was  established  in  1886,  George  Cole  being  appointed  post- 
master. 

St.  Ignatius  Catholic  Church  is  situated  in  Buchanan  Valley  in  the  South 
Mountain,  about  ten  miles  from  Gettysburg,  on  a  commanding  eminence  in  the 
southern  part  of  Buchanan  Valley.  There  is  but  little  known  of  the  early  his- 
tory of  this  church,  as  there  is  no  record  to  be  found  here  or  at  Conowago,  the 
church  from  which  pastors  were  supplied.  The  records  were  destroyed.  This 
church  was  attached  to  Conowago  Church  until  1858.  It  was  originated  in 
L816  by  John  Lowstetter,  who  gave  a  tract  of  land  to  build  it  on,  and  the 
corner-stone  was  laid  October  10,  1816.  It  is  built  of  brick.  Part  of  the  land  on 
which  the  church  stood  was  sold  by  the  sheriff,  John  Arendt,  in  the  year  1819. 
The  remainder  of  the  land  was  sold  and  purchased  by  the  Jesuits  of  George- 
town and  Conowago  Church.  Some  of  the  original  members  were  Jacob 
Sterner.  Andrew  Sterner,  Michael  Strasbaugh,  Michael  Dellone,  Andrew  Noel. 
John  Walter,  William  Noel,  Peter  Dellone,  Sr. ,  Joseph  Baker  and  Christian 
Baker.  The  parsonage  was  begun  December,  27,  1818.  It  is  a  frame  build 
ing  and  is  built  beside  the  church.  The  Jesuits,  in  1S53,  sold  the  land  in  lots, 
reserving  two  acres  upon  which  the  church  stands,  including  the  cemetery-. 
•  Bev.  Adolphus  L.  DeBarth  celebrated  mass  at  the  house  of  Andrew  Noel,  Sr., 
which  stood  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  John  and  Samuel  Irwin.  This  was 
some  time  before  the  church  was  built;  probably  between  1800  and  1817.  He 
was  the  first  pastor  but  there  is  no  record  of  his  pastorship.  Kev.  Mathew 
Leken  succeeded  Father  DeBarth  and  served  this  congregation  until  1829. 
Fathers  Kendler  and  Steinbacher  attended  this  congregation  also,  assistants 
of  Father  Leken.  Michael  Dougherty  served  until  1843.  He  officiated  at  the 
first  marriages  there  is  any  record  of  at  this  church:  George  Cole  to  Anna 
Strasbaugh;  John  Cole  to  Sarah  Strasbaugh,  October  1,  1843.  Bev.  James 
B.  Cotting,  the  next  pastor,  purchased  the  bell  and  organ. 

Bev.  Francis  X.  Denecker,  who  succeeded  Father  Cotting,  provided  a  li- 
brary and  established   the  Kosary  society.     He  was  the  last  regular  Jesuit 


258  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

pastor.  In  1858  the  Jesuits  gave  over  the  Gettysburg  and  Mountain  churches 
and  church  property  into  the  care  and  control  of  Rev.  James  Wood,  bishop 
of  Philadelphia.  A  new  charge  was  formed  out  of  the  Gettysburg  (St.  Francis 
Xavier),  Immaculate  Conception,  Fairfield  and  St.  Ignatius,  South  Mountain. 
Rev.  Basil  Shorb  was  the  first  secular  pastor  appointed  after  Father  Denecker, 
in  1858,  residing  in  Gettysburg.  He  attended  until  about  February  24,  I860. 
He  was  followed  by  Rev.  L.  J.  Miller,  who  attended  five  months;  the  Rev. 
F.  P.  Mulgrew,  from  September  to  December,  1860.  Then  came  Rev.  Michael 
Martin  for  a  short  time.  The  next  regular  pastor  was  the  Rev.  Arthur  McGinni, 
who  was  in  charge  from  July  16,  1861,  to  about  October  27,  1863.  Rev.  Jo- 
seph A.  Boll  assumed  charge  January  4,  1864,  until  the  spring  of  1873,  when 
St.  Ignatius  Church  was  detached  from  the  Gettysburg,  and  attached  to  the 
Chambersbiug  charge.  Rev.  John  Boescus,  of  the  Chainbersburg  charge, 
took  charge  of  St.  Ignatius  Church,  South  Mountain,  in  1873;  Rev.  Daniel 
Reily,  assistant.  Rev.  Thomas  J.  Flemming  took  charge  of  the  congregation 
in  July,  1875,  with  Rev.  Joseph  Kaelin  as  assistant.  He  bade  farewell  to  his 
congregation  August  15,  1881.  Rev.  Clement  A.  Schleuter,  the  present  pastor, 
succeeded  Father  Flemming;  Father  Raclin  still  is  assistant  pastor.  In 
the  cemetery  in  connection  with  this  church  Andrew  Noel,  aged  eighty-six, 
was  the  first  person  buried,  in  1821.  The  value  of  the  church  property 
is  $8,000. 

Jacob  J.  Cole  was  instrumental  in  establishing  the  Parochial  School  of  St. 
Ignatius  Church  in  the  year  1877,  Rev.  Thomas  J.  Flemming,  pastor.  Miss 
Jane  A.  Cole  was  appointed  teacher,  but  did  not  finish  the  term,  her  cousin 
Jennie  S.  Cole  finishing  for  her.  Annie  McCloskey  succeeded  and  taught  two 
terms.  Sara  C.  Stable  took  charge  of  the  school  in  1883,  and  is  the  present 
teacher.  The  school  is  only  open  during  the  summer  months.  She  takes  a 
lively  interest  in  the  welfare  of  the  children  of  Buchanan  Valley  and  in  their 
moral  and  religious  training.  Rev.  C.  A.  Schleuter  pastor.  The  present 
choir  consists  of  Jennie  S.  Cole,  organist;  Peter  Adams,  leader:  John  Baker, 
George  I.  Cole,  Jacob  J.  Cole,  Sara  C.  Stable,  Annie  Cole,  Annie  Steinberger 
and  Katie  Steinberger. 

SEVEN    STARS. 

This  is  a  name  given  to  a  little  hamlet  on  the  Hanover  Junction,  Harris- 
burg  &  Gettysburg  Railroad.  Prior  to  1840  Andrew  Hentzellman' s  tavern 
marked  the  location;  years  later  it  was  surveyed  into  town  lots;  but  not  until 
1867  did  it  assume  any  importance,  although  a  postoflSce  was  established  there 
some  years  before.  Of  late  years  Israel  Little  and  E.  J.  Little  have  been  post- 
masters. 

sheeley's. 

At  Sheeley's  settlement  above  Hilltown  the  beginnings  of  another  village 
have  been  made .  On  the  death  of  Jacob  Sheely,  who  resided  near  the  old 
Indian  burying  ground,  in  I860,  a  cemetery  was  opened  above  the  foot  of 
the  Narrows.  In  1861  Calvary  Church  of  the  United  Brethren  Association 
was  erected,  and  in  1880  the  brick  schoolhouse,  just  north  of  the  church,  was 
built  and  opened  by  Horace  Comfort.  Jacob  Sheely  is  the  present  teacher. 
Prior  to  1880  the  children  of  the  new  district  had  to  attend  school  at  L-dy's 
or  Cashtown. 

chamberlin's. 

Chamberlin's  settlement  dates  its  beginnings  back  to  the  pioneer  days  of 
the  county;  but  not  until  1850  was  it  distinguished  from  any  of  the  neighbor- 
ing  farms.       In    that   year  Chamberlin's    Methodist   Episcopal    Church  was 


FREEDOM  TOWNSHIP.  261 

erected,  and  dedicated  November  6,  bj  Rev.  Charles  Tipet,  presiding  elder. 
The  mission  formerly  belonged  to  the  Gettysburg  Circuit,  but  is  now  attached 
to  the  Littlestown  charge.  The  cemetery  dates  back  to  February  II.  L855, 
wheo  Ellick  Clark,  an  oldresident  aged  seventy  five  years,  was  buried  there. 
There  are  eighteen  headstones  memorializing  the  death  of  so  man)  aged  citi 
zens.  Among  the  original  members  of  the  ohurch  were  the  Diehls,  Linns. 
Beards,  Leases,  Beiseckers,  Spences,  Catherine  Chamberlin,  and  Gilberts. 

MISCELLANEOl  S. 

Ortanna  is  the  name  given  to  the  station  at  the  present  western  terminus 
of  the  Hanover  Junction,  Harrisburg  &  Gettysburg  Railroad,  which  passes 
through  a  portion  of  the  southern  pan  of  the  township.  Here,  in  L884,Wertz 
&  Co.  established  a  store  and  warehouse  and  erected  a  neat  residence. 

Qraeffenburg  is  a  small  settlement  on  the  western  border  of  the  township, 
a  half  mile  from  Caledonia  furnace.  It  is  the  postal  town  of  the  Upper  Cono- 
cocheague  country  and  the  Buchanan  Valley.  Since  its  beginning  it  has  sus- 
tained a  small  business.     Josephine  Riggeal  is  postmistress. 

"Pleasant  Valley"  is  the  name  given  to  the  pass  in  South  Mountain, 
through  which  the  head  waters  of  Marsh  Creek  rush  eastward,  and  the  turn- 
pike leads  to  Chambersbnrg,  west  of  Cashtown. 

The  postoffices  in  Franklin  Township  are  Arendtsville,  Cashtown,  Grseffen- 
burgh,  McKnightstown,  Mummasburgh,  Seven  Stars  and  Trust. 


CHAPTER  XXXII. 

FREEDOM  TOWNSHIP. 

MARSH  CREEK  forms  the  entire  eastern  line  of  Freedom  Township,  with 
Plum  Run  in  the  north  as  its  principal  native  tributary.  Middle  Creek 
enters  the  township  north  of  the  White  farm  and  flows  southeast,  entering 
Maryland  at  the  old  Rhodes  farm.  There  are  several  rivulets  feeding  the 
mam  streams,  all  of  which  are  native  to  the  county.  Harper's  Hill  in  tin' smith 
'■astern  part  is  the  only  prominent  high  land;  but,  throughout,  the  laud  is 
heavily  rolling  and  maj  be  called  hilly. 

In  1842  Robert  Black  erected  a  covered  wooden  bridge  on  the  Emmittsburg 
road  over  Middle  Creek  for  1800,  which  gave  place  to  a  new  one  twenty  years 
ago.  In  1S54  George  Chritzman  built  a  covered  bridge  over  Marsh  Creek  on 
the  Emmittsburg  road  for  $1,975.  In  1865  John  Taylor  &  Bro.  erected  a 
covered  wooden  bridgeacross  Middle  Creek  on  the  Emmittsburg  road  for  $1,600. 
The  iron  bridge  over  Middle  Creek,  built  by  the  Keystone  Bridge  Company  in 
L885  86,  cost  >:>49. 

The  population  in  1840  was  405;  in  1S50,  473,  including  3  colored;  in 
I860,  I  i'l.  including  4  colored;  in  1870,  449,  including  5  colored,  and  in  L880, 
•■I  L  The  number  of  tax-payers  (1886)  is  lot;  value  of  real  estate,  $200,3  IS; 
number  of  horse.,  etc.,  201;  of  cows,  209;  value  of  moneys  at  interest,  $27,210; 
value  of  trades  and  professions,  $3,565;  number  of  pleasure  carriages,  100: 
of  gold  watches,  5;  acres  of  timber  land,  L,001. 

The  township  was  set  off  from  Liberty  in  L838.  As  early  as  1740  it  was 
included  in  '-the  Manor  of  Maske."  and  the  original  settlers  "shared  in  all  the 

I4A 


262  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

troubles  and  uncertainties,  regarding  titles  to  their  lands  peculiar  to  those 
times.  Among  the  first  land  improvers  on  this  part  of  the  "Manor"  were 
many  of  the  men  whose  names  will  be  forever  identified  with  the  settlement  of 
the  western  part  of  Adams  County.  Samuel  Gettys  owned  land  on  Middle 
Creek,  and  it  is  supposed  that  the  following  named  settled  here  on  the  dates 
given:  Quintin McAdams,  Robert  McNeil,  Robert  Anan,  later  of  Emmittsburg, 
in  May,  1741;  Robert  Long,  in  September,  1739;  Hugh  Woods,  in  March,  ITU  : 
Samuel  Gibson,  Duncan  Evans  and  Robert  Gibson,  in  October,  1736;  Thomas 
Martin,  in  May.  1741;  Robert  Brumtield,  in  September,  1739;  Thomas  Ted 
ford,  in  May,  1740. 

James  Logan,  secretary  of  the  Proprietaries,  in  one  of  his  reports  com- 
plains of  the  new  ideas  and  independence  of  the  Irish  settlers:  "I  must  own," 
says  he,  "  from  my  own  experience  in  the  land  office,  that  the  settlement  of  five 
families  from  Ireland  gives  me  more  trouble  than  fifty  of  any  other  people.'" 
Watson,  referring  to  Logan,  says:  "All  this  seems  like  hard  measure  dealt  up- 
on those  specimens  of  '  the  land  of  generous  natures, '  but  we  may  be  excused 
for  letting  him  speak  out.  who  was  himself  from  the  '  Emerald  Isle,'  where  he 
had  of  course  seen  a  better  race." 

Richard  Peters,  who  succeeded  James  Logan  as  secretary,  visited  Marsh 
Creek  in  1743  to  evict  the  squatters  and  survey  the  "  Manor  of  Maske. ' '  On  this 
occasion  seventy  settlers  broke  the  surveyor' s  chain  and  routed  the  secretary, 
the  sheriff,  a  justice  of  the  peace,  and  others. 

The  "Manor  of  Maske,"  including  all  Cumberland  Township  and  the 
greater  part  of  Freedom,  was  established  in  1740,  but  squatters  were  here 
some  years  prior  to  that  year.  In  1765  a  list  of  the  resident  squatters  was 
made,  the  greater  number  of  whom  resided  in  the  adjoining  townships.  Car- 
rol's Tracts,  or  the  Upper  and  Lower  Tracts,  were  granted  to  Charles  Carrol, 
Sr. ,  who  was  agent  for  Lord  Baltimore.  There  is  a  "  Mason  &  Dixon ' '  mile- 
stone in  the  barn-yard  of  Matthias  Martin,  near  the  Gettysburg  road,  one  mile 
and  a  half  from  Emmittsburg.  There  is  also  one  on  Frank  Caldwell's  farm, 
near  the  west  end  of  the  old  plank  road,  and  another  on  the  Friends'  Creek 
Hills,  two  miles  from  Emmittsburgh. 

The  "Hill,"  or  Marsh  Creek  Associated  Presbyterian  Church,  was  first  built 
of  logs  between  1763  and  1768.  The  present  stone  church  was  commenced  in 
179'J  and  finished  in  the  winter  of  1793-94.  This  church  has  never  been  mod- 
ernized. Its  brick  aisles,  high  back  seats,  pulpit  in  the  center  of  the  back 
part  of  the  church,  with  the  marks  of  thirteen  stripes  above,  representing  the 
original  States,  the  original  stripes  having  been  carried  off  in  1863  as  relics, 
all  still  extant;  the  roof  alone  is  modern,  being  jiut  on  twenty-four  years  ago. 
Almost  all  the  settlers  on  Marsh  Creek  in  1797  subscribed  toward  the  support 
of  this  church  twelve  years  after  its  consolidation  with  the  Rock  Creek  Church. 

The  early  military  history  of  the  township,  like  that  of  other  divisions  of  the 
country,  is  related  in  the  general  history.  Hiram  S.  McNair  was  the  only  one 
of  the  citizens  of  Freedom,  who  responded  to  the  first  call  for  troops  in  April, 
1861,  who  was  accepted.  He  was  mustered  into  Company  E,  Second  Regi- 
ment, Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry. 


GERMAIN    TOWNSHIP.  263 

CHAPTEE  XXXIII. 

GERMANY  TOWNSHIP  AND  BOROUGH  OF  LITTLESTOWN 

ALLOWAY's  CREEK,  forming  the  western  line  of  Germany  Township,  is 
the  receptacle  of  the  streams  in  this  township.  The  little  creeks  all  flow  in 
a  southwesterly  direction  into  Maryland.  They  seem  torun  at  will  throughout 
this  little  Holland,  but  without  thai  crystal,  dashing,  splashing  grace,  which 
gives  beautj  and  in  I  e  mountain  streamlets.    The  surface  is  rolling  in 

someparts   and  decidedly  level  in  others.     The  soil  is  all  that  limesto 
cates,  while  in  the  verj  lowdistricts  '  even  black  muck  characte     ■■  U 

Here  are  found  outci  p  rf  i  iglomerate  dolerite,  streaked  blue  and  white 
limestone,  red  -aK.Ui.Mi.>.  mesozoic  sandstone,  slaty  conglomerate,  mesozoic 
sandstone  stained  with  malachite,  coarse-grained,  yellowish.,  green  conglomer 
ate,  red  shale  with  mica  spangles.  The  iron  ore  mines  on  the  farms  of  Mrs, 
rand  Enoch  LeFevre,  in  German]  Township,  were  worked  in  1867  by 
the  Wrightsville  and  the  Ashland  Mining  Companies. 

In  October,  1824,  Dan  Margentice,  David  and  Henry  Shrivel-  were  engaged 
in  selling  foreign  wi  I     quors,  and  Christian  Bishop.  Dr.  Ephraim  Davis 

and  George  Will,  foreign  merchandise. 

The  population  in  1800  was   1,013;  in   1810,  about  L,100;  in  L820,  1,272, 
including   1   -lave  and  26  free  colored;    in    1830,    1,517;  in    1840,   1,553;  in 
1850  (outside  the  borough),   720  (2  colored);  in  1860,  744(4  colored);  in  INTO. 
880  I  1  colored),  and  in  1880,  L,002.     The  number  of  taxpayers  ( 1886)  is  303; 
value  of  real  estate,  $294,751;  number  of  horses,  l!  fJ ;  of  cows,  275;  value  of 
-  at  interest,  $59,689;  value  of  trades  and  professions,  $7,830;  number 
of  carriages,   101;  gold  watches,  4;  silver  watches  t;  acres  of  timber  land,  335 
The  Littlestown  Branch  Railroad  was  opened  for  traffic  July  1, 1858.    The,.,-, 
was  about  $75,000,  as  shown  in  the  report  of  the  president,  William  McSherry. 
The  road   was  extended  to  Frederick,  Md.,  in   1871,  and  in  December,  1874 
ire  "Short  Line"  was  leased  to  the  Pennsylvania  Company,  the  present 
ors.     The  first  turnpike,  the  Gettysburg  &  Petersburg  (Littlestown 
built  by  a  company  in  1809,  to  Biddle's  Mill,  on  the  State  line.     The  act  of 
ration    named  James    McSherry,   John  Shorb.  Jacob  Winrott,  James 
Getty-.  Alexander  Cobean  and  Henry  Hoke,  commissioners.     Three  hundred 
and  fifty  shares  of   $100  each  were  taken.     Samuel  Sloan  surveyed  the  line 
for  $2  per  mile  in  1808,  and  James  Gettys  contracted  to  build  the  road  foi- 
st, 585  per  mile.     Toll  gates  were  erected  in  August,  1809,  and  the  e\i 
from  Gettysburg  to  the  mountain,  ten  miles,  was  built  in  1S10. 

In  1848  Henry  Spalding  built  a  wooden  bridge  over  AUoway's  Creek,  on 
the  Littlestown  &  Emmittsburg  road,  for  $343. 

The  postoffices  in  Germany  Township  are  Littlestown  and  Kingsdale,  the 
latter  located  close  on  the  confines  of  Maryland. 

The  question  of  adopting  the  act  establishing  the  common  school  system, 
brought  before  the  county  convention  of  November  1.  1834,  was  decided  in  the 
negative  in  the  case  of  Germany.  A.  LeFevre.  the  delegate,  voting  contra. 
Shortly  after  the  system  was  adopted. 

"Digge-'  Choice"  date-  back  to  October  14,  1727.  when  a  grant  of  10.000 
acres  was  made  to  John  Digges.     On  the  advice  of  an  Indian  chief  named 


264 


HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 


"Tom,"  he  located  this  grant  in  what  is  now  Conowago  and  Germany  Town- 
ships, this  county,  and  Heidelberg  Township  in  York  County.  A  survey  was 
made  in  April,  1732,  when  6.822  acres  were  laid  off,  a  patent  for  which  was 
issued  May  25,  1738.  In  August,  1745,  a  resurvey  was  made,  and  3,679 
acres  added  to  the  former  survey.  This  tract  was  four  miles  north  of  the  tem- 
porary line  between  Pennsylvania  and  Maryland,  surveyed  in  1732.  The  sub- 
sequent disagreements  led  to  the  murder  of  Dudley  Digges  by  Jacob  KHz 
miller  in  February,  1752.  From  1735  to  1752  Germans  came  by  thousands. 
In  the  fall  of  1749  no  less  than  twenty  ships  arrived  at  Philadelphia,  bringing 
12,000  passengers,  led  hither  by  the  Mewlanders — older  German  settlers  of 
Pennsylvania. 

The  assessment  for  1 799  was  made  by  Robert  Mcllhenny.  assisted  by  Andrew 
Lohr,  who  could  not  sign  his  name,  and  Jacob  Parr.  On  the  total  valuation. 
$121,790,  23  cents  per  $100  were  collected  by  Frederick  Bachman  and  Thomas 
Biddle. 


John  Arnold,  grist-mill 11,700 

Jacob  Beil 1,800 

George  Best 816 

Jacob  Brother 912 

Detrich  Bishoff 780 

William  Beeher 100 

Lewis  Beeher 2r>? 

Thomas  Biddle 1,269 

Peter  Busse 541 

Philip  Bardt 410 

Fred.  Bachman 1,159 

Peter  Baker 1.001 

D.  Bachman's  heirs 1,725 

Isaac  Bear 107 

Jacob  Bear 1,084 

Henry  Bringman,  tannery* 065 

Benedict  Barnhart 96 

Jacob  Bringman 89 

Philip   Bishoff 2,074 

Andrew  Bear 10 

Samuel  Beeher 110 

Adam  Coleman 130 

Peter  Comp ISO 

Henry  Croft 38 

Jacob  Dapper  48 

Henrv  Dewalt 1,810 

Andrew  Dapper 1,746 

Christian  Dapper '.is 

Michael  Dysart 100 

John  Eckert,  Sr 1.220 

Peter  Eckert 828 

John  Eckert,  Jr 178 

Thomas  Fisher 1.4S7 

George  Fretzlin 357 

James  Fisher 1,289 

Henry  Fisher 270 

Andrew  Finfroek 198 

Nicholas  Feeser 367 

John  Feeser 98 

John  Fink 816 

George  Freese 977 

Gilmayer  Franeisf 500 

Henry  Ghetz 495 

George  Green loo 

George  Gardner 587 

George  Gardner,  Jr 147 

•One  blind  mare  valued  at  $1.93. 
fGround  rents  of  Petersburg. 


George  Gobble $616 

Adam  Geesler 926 

Peter  Galla 1,387 

Martin  Greenwalt 126 

Jacob  Greenwalt,  carpenter 10 

Philip  Gilbert 63 

Michael  Homer 210 

Jacob  Hostetter 1,414 

John  llaulzel.  weaver 28 

Henry  Hoover,  blacksmith 19 

John  Hoover 1,177 

Fred.  Horn 578 

Andrew  Hertziger 79 

Baltzer  Hilbert 877 

Martin  Hoffman 189 

John  Hoofnagle,  tailor 303 

Michael  Hoover 9 

James  Hagen 800 

Nicholas  Jacobi 87 

Ala-am  Johns 78 

llenrv  Kohlstock,  joiner 508 

.Tohn'Kohlstock . . . 129 

John  KnanlY 1,355 

Adam  Knauff 20 

George  Kuntz 1,889 

Joseph  Koch,  mason 318 

Christian  Kintz 648 

Jacob  Kitzmiller 1.221 

Jacob  Kitzmiller,  Jr 18 

Peter  Krepps 1,565 

George  King 1,286 

George  Kline 89 

Ludwig  King 104 

Abram  Kuntz 393 

Abram  King 1,007 

Andrew  Kuntz,  blacksmith' 129 

Stephen  Krise 457 


John  Keefer,  Sr. 

John  Keefer,  Jr.,  turner 

Frederick  Keefer,  turner. . . . 
David  Keefer,  wagon-maker. 
Henry  Keefer,  carpenter. . . . 

Jacob  Keefer 

Michael  Keeler,  weaver 

Val.  Krise 

George  Kuntz,  Jr 


434 
249 
49 
49 
39 
120 
48 
428 
200 


GERMAN!'    TOWNSHIP 


265 


Peter  Leonard,  tailor f80S 

Frederick  Little,  8r 8,018 

Frederick  Little,  Jr.,  batter 815 

David  Little  78 

Jacob  Little,  blacksmith 584 

John  Little,  tailor 49 

Henry  Little.  Sr OSS 

Lorentz  Litzinger,  weaver 588 

Zachariah  Loudebough 1,459 

A  mil .  w  Lohr,  Sr. 1,726 

Andrew  Lohr,  dr.,  weaver 388 

Abram  Lohr,  weaver Stis 

Philip  Lone 343 

William  Litener,  blacksmith 149 

Widow  Miller 1,402 

John  Miller 147 

Robert  Mcllhenny 269 

Nick  Miller  ...  '. 500 

Widow  Mayr 918 

Philip  Miller,  shoemaker 129 

James  McSherry,}  mcrcbanl 3,355 

McSherry  &  Bishofl 628 

William  Moirey 317 

Adam  Miller.  , , 4:1s 

Solomon  Menchey 1,838 

Henry  Miller,  shoemaker 39 

Mo   -     2,4111) 

A  Jam  Myrise,  weaver 3g 

Jacob  Parr [,965 

Widow  Parr 1,617 

■  Inn  r 628 

Jacob  Ptiil'er 259 

John  Patterson,  weaver '.".I 

1 77(1 

932 

Christian  Keek 1,114 

Adam  Reck,  tannery '  98 

John  Keek 98 

Jacob  Kider  1,562 

John  Rouizabn i:,s 

r,  .lr 1117 

-  n.  merchant .Ml 

Adam  Sell 0,117 

in 2J984 

er '.'.Hi'.' 

ichrisl 271 


'11 |867 

Ja<  '>ii  Sherman 1,  i;,n 

Jacob  Sheaffer,  blai  k>mith [joflfl 

Michael  Snider 1,547 

John  Staley,  .lr '(579 

\  a!  al  ine  Sherer 1  1  is 

Fri  il    Smith 

Valentine  Steir 577 

John  Shorb 375 

Jacob  Sell,  saw-miller i.uni 

Fred.  Sponsaller 269 

Jacob  Sill,  gunsmith 1119 

Joseph  Staley,  sadler. 7119 

Henry  Springle  1,207 

Josi  ph  Sneeringi  1 .  tavei  n 


Andrew  Shriv 
John  Staley,  Sr. 


tanner. 


Henry  Sliill gjg 

( leorge  Sponsaller <; 

Henry  Sponsaller p.'T 

\ii  holas  Sheaffer 9 

Henrj  Springle,  Jr 58 

Jacob  Sides on 

Anthony  Troxal 440 

George  linger 915 

Bastian  Wonder 107 

Adam  \\  interode,  squire 2,837 

John  Wiuterode 345 

Jacob  Winterode,  blacksmith [89 

Jacob  \\  erner 893 

Jacob  W  illitt 1,619 

Philip  Werner   98 

George  Wilt 498 

Mathias  Wiltonger 568 

Henry  Werner 58 

Adam  Winterode,  Jr 044 

w  interode's  heir- 1,530 

'■'.  ih.    I101  maker 

Peter  Wvmerl,   nailer 

i  ill   sadler 330 

John   Weekerl.   tannery 1 

Christian  Winemiller 

Adam  Winemiller,  shoemaker 39 

Stephen  Wymert  49 

Jacob  Winterode,  hotel 190 


1  Ihristian  Zinlap. 558 

The  single  men  residing  in  Germany  Township  in  IT'.Hi  were  named  as  fol- 
,  Jr.,  Liidwig  Miller,  Henry  Snider,  Michae]  \\  inemiller, 


•!    o ,-v      •■  '-    "     ,-.,,,,.     .  >  11  ii.  ,Xa  -   111111/,   leus- 

Ludwig  Sherer,  John  Watterson,  George  Merohey,  Abram  and  Eenry 

S,':1  l~M"-  "r  Jacob),  Conrad  Righstay,  John  Masser,  Abram  King,  John  Rider, 

Peter  Meyer,  Frederick  Snider,  D.  Hoover,  Jacob  Winemiller,  Patrick  Owings, 

•I.  Werner,  William  Guinn,  George  Wiltonger,  Michael  and  John  Dysart,  and 

1  Fink,  each  of  whom  were  assessed  $1. 


BOROUGH  OF  LITTLESTOWN. 

This  borough  is  situate  near  the  eastern  line  of   what    is   known  a 
•Dutch  Plateau,"  619  feel  above  the  Atlantic  level. 


{Including  two  net  .  ,,„i  m,,  ,ula;i  ,..  . 


266  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

The  population  in  1800  was  250;  in  1810,  150;  in  1820,  305;  in  1850,  394; 
in  1860,  702;  in  1870,  847,  including  3  colored;  and  in  1880,  913.  The  num- 
ber of  taxpayers  in  the  borough  (1886)  is  298;  value  of  real  estate,  $185,715; 
number  of  horses,  etc.,  75;  of  cows,  etc.,  19;  value  of  moneys  at  interest, 
$78,935;  number  of  pleasure  carriages,  53;  of  gold  watches,  27;  no  timber  land; 
value  of  trades  and  professions,  $15,405. 

The  American  Gazetteer  of  1797  contained  the  following  reference  to  Lit- 
tlestown:  "Petersburg,  in  York  County,  two  miles  north  of  the  Maryland  line, 
contains  a  Catholic  Church  and  about  80  houses.  In  north  latitude  39  12' 
30",  west  longitude  77°  4',  Wayne's  army  en  route  to  squash  Cornwallis  arrived 
at  York,  May  26,  1781.  On  the  27th  this  command  camped  at  Littlestown 
and  on  the  28th  moved  to  Taneytown.  Md.,  with  whom  were  many  soldiers 
from  Adams  County. 

In  1803  John  Shorb  &  Co.,  of  Presterstown,  Md. ,  agreed  with  G.  Gran- 
ger, postmaster-general,  to  carry  the  mail  from  Baltimore  through  Littlestown 
and  Gettysburg  to  Chambersburg,  once  a  week,  for  $137.50  per  quarter. 

Littlestown.  as  laid  out  in  1765,  contained  forty-eight  lots.  The  founder 
of  "  Kleina  Stedtle  "  was  Peter  Klein,  who  died  in  1773,  in  his  forty-ninth  year. 
In  early  years  the  village  was  known  as  "  Petersburg,"  and  before  that  or  the 
present  name  was  generally  applied  it  was  called  "Kleina  Stedtle."  and  its  two 
leading  streets  named  "King  Street"  and  "Queen  Street."  The  original  lot 
owners  and  builders  were  Peter  Cushwa,  Matthias  Baker,  Stephen  Geiss,  Henry 
Brothers,  R.  Mcllhenny,  Jacob  Gray,  John  Alspach.  Michael  Reed,  Peter  Ba- 
ker, D.  Zackery,  the  Wills,  Sells.  Hostetters,  Stahles,  Crouses,  Longs,  Dy- 
sarts.  Littles  and  the  Kuntz  family,  with  others  whose  names  appear  in  the  orig- 
inal assessment  of  the  township.  About  the  time  the  railroad  was  completed, 
the  Renshaw  &  Myers  Addition  to  the  village  was  platted,  new  warehouses, 
stores  and  residences  were  erected,  and  by  1865  the  old  village  was  almost  thor- 
oughly modernized. 

In  1867  the  large  brick  school  building  was  erected  by  the  Catholic  congre- 
gation, where  Miss  Mary  Wilson,  now  Mrs.  Bteffy,  was  tbe  first  teacher.  In 
1872  a  large  building  was  erected  by  the  common  school  trustees.  From  1847 
to  the  present  time  the  newspaper  press  may  be  said  to  have  shared  in  the  for- 
tunes of  the  village.  The  Weekly  Visitor  was  published  in  1847;  five  other 
journals  appeared  only  to  disappear,  and  in  August,  1883,  the  Era  was  intro- 
duced by  A.  E.  Keeport. 

The  borough  was  incorporated  in  1864.  and  in  August  of  that  year  the  first 
elections  were  held.  In  the  following  list  the  names  of  burgesses  stand  next 
the  date,  and  are  followed  by  the  names  of  councilmen: 

1864 — W.  F.  Grouse;  Noah  J.  Wickert,  John  Spangler,  David  Schwartz, 
George  Stonesifer,  Br.  J.  S.  Kemp. 

1865— R.  S.  Seiss;  D.  Schwartz,  S.  Wickert,  D.  Crouse.  J.  Barker,  Fred. 
Bittinger.  * 

1866— R.  S.  Seiss;  D.  Schwartz,  S.  S.  Blocher,  S.  Weikert.  J.  H.  Miller. 
Isaac  Staub. 

1867 — Simon  S.  Bishop;  A.  Crouse,  J.  Coshun,  I.  Mehring,  H.  Colehouse, 
J.   Hunberger. 

1868 — James  H.  Colehouse;  H.  Colehouse,  William  Sheely.  J.  Geisel- 
tnan,  John  F.  McSherrv,  John  Duttera. 

1869— Martin  Steffy;  Sam.  P.  Young.  Eph.  Myers,  I.  Sell,  W.  H.  Sneer- 
inger,  W.  Slifer,  Sr. 

*The  borough  administration  of  18G5  h:ui  the  streets  graded  and  many  other  improvements  made. 


GERMANY  TOWNSHIP.  207 

1870  71— Martin  Steffy;  Dr.  Kemp,  W.  Kuhns.  William  Slifer,  Isaac 
Staub,  George  Smith,  Franklin  Hesson. 

1872  R.  s.  Seise;  -John  Eokenrode,  John  Slifer,  Samuel  Shorb,  John  Hi- 
driller,  H.  S.  Klein. 

L878 — R.  S.  Seiss;  James  Keefer,  L.  D.  Mans,  J.  Eellar,  J.  Angel,  George 
Stover. 

lsTl— T.  S.  Bloeher;  G.  Smith,  S.  Rebert,  J.  W.  Eline,  Jacob  Hunber- 
ger,  John  H.  Spalding. 

1ST,")— John  H.  Hinkle;  George  Riffle,  Isaac  Sell,  W'.  H.  Feeser,  E.  K. 
Foreman,  J.  Gobrecht  ami  Amos  LeFeyre,  a  tie. 

1876  Henry  S.  Klein:  John  Slifer,  F.  Steffy,  Charles  Spangler,  Eph. 
Myers,  Ezra  Mehring,  J.  H.  Colehouse. 

1877 — W.  H.  Lansinger;  R.  A.  Colehouse,  Lewis  Riehstein,  A.  Sanders, 
William  Sheely,  W.  Kuhns. 

L878— David  Weikert;  Dr.  Shorb.  John  P.  Heindell,  J.  S.  Stonesifer,  H. 
Rather,  W.  Kuhns. 

L879 — William  Slifer;  C.  Spangler,  G.  Kemp,  D.  Stonesifer,  Isaac  Sell, 
J.    Eline. 

L880— R.  S.  Seiss;  I.  Sell,  E.  Crouse,  J.  Keefer,  Alonzo  Sanders,  George 
W.  Riffle. 

L881— R.  S.  Seiss;  W.  Kuhns,  J.  Eline.  Sr.,H.  Miller,  L.  Richstein,  Amos 
Sheelj . 

1882— H.  S.  Klein;  J.  Slifer,  T.  S.  Bloeher,  J.  A.  Spangler,  John  Sellars, 
John  Feeser. 

1883 — R.  S.  Seiss;  John  Feeser,  Ephraim  Myers,  George  Yount,  John 
Dnger,  George  Stonesifer. 

L884— W.  H.  Lansinger;  Ocker,  Crouse,  Colehouse.  Anthony,    Starr. 

1885— R.  S.  Seiss;  J.  W.  Homberger,  Harry  Rider. 

CHURCHES. 

The  Catholic  Church,  the  first  religious  organization  here,  was  founded 
about  L790,  and  in  17'Jl  a  building  which  stood  on  the  north  side  of  the  ceme- 
tery lot  was  converted  into  a  chapel  by  the  trustees,  Patrick  McSherry,  Jo- 
seph Flauth  and  Henry  O'Hara.  Among  the  first  priests  of  this  mission  was 
Father  Demetrius  Augustus  de  Gallitzin.  but  it  is  said  Father  Pellentz  attended 
the  congregation  here.  The  priests  of  Couowago  presided  over  the  congrega- 
tion subsequently.  In  1840,  during  the  administration  of  Rev.  Michael  Dough- 
erty. St.  Aloysius  congregation  was  incorporated,  the  old  church  was  sold  to 
Joseph  Ocker.  Sr.  (to-day  forming  his  residence  on  the  Taneytown  road),  and 
the  present  brick  church  erected.  The  trustees  in  1840  were  Henry  Spald- 
ing,  John  Shorb,  Dr.  Shorb,  Jacob  Rider,  J.  Rider,  Joseph  Riddlemoser,  Jo- 
seph  Fink,  Jacob  Baumgartner  and  James  McSherry.  The  Jesuit  fathers  were 
succeeded  by  Father  Crotty  a  few  years  ago — the  first  secular  priest  of  the 
congregation. 

St.  Paul's  Evangelical  Lutheran  Congregation  was  organized  in  1863-66, and 
the  work  of  church  building  was  at  once  entered  upon.  In  October,  1867,  it 
was  completed  and  dedicated.  The  building  and  grounds  cost  about  SHI. mill. 
The  pastors  of  the  church  since  its  organization  are  named  as  follows:  Rev-.  S. 
Henry,  M.  J.  Alleman,  J.  W.  Lake  and  E.  D.  Weigle,  the  present  incumbent. 
The  first  officers  included  Samuel  Weikert,  Jacob  Keller,  John  Diehl,  Amos 
LeFevre.  John  Cramrine,  Jesse  Geiselman,  Levi  T.  Mehring,  Dr.  R.  S.  Seiss, 
James  H.  Colehouse,  J.  H.  Miller.  A.  Basehoar,  and  George  D.  Basehoar. 
The  parsonage  was  erected  in  1879,   at  a  cost  of  $3,400.     Ephraim  Myers, 


268  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

George  Stonesifer,  Joseph  Barker,  Henry  Baxter,  John  B.  Byers,  S.  S.  Mehr- 
ing,  George  Hilterbrick  and  Isaac  DeGraft  were  among  the  original  working 
members  of  this  society.      There  are  now  440  members. 

St.  John' s  Lutheran  Church  was  organized  November  13,  1703.  The  names 
given  in  the  deed  of  the  property  are  John  Hoover,  Thomas  Fisher,  Henry 
Bishoph,  George  Garner  and  Stephen  Chrise.  Names  in  baptismal  record: 
Christian  Drachsael,  (Troxel)  Mical  Unger,  Johann  Mehring,  Andreas  Lohr, 
Abraham  Sell,  Peter  Joung,  Andreas  Schrieber,  Andreas  Spahnseyler.  The 
names  of  the  pastors  who  served  this  church  are  as  follows:  Revs.  Carl  Fred- 
erick Wildbahn,  1783-1800;  Rev.  John  D.  Shroetter,  1806-24;  Rev.  John  G. 
Grnbb,  1826-30;  Rev.  John  R.  Hoffman,  1830-37;  Rev.  Jonathan  Rothrauff, 
1837-48;  Rev.  Jacob  Albert,  1848-49;  Rev.  C.  A.  Hay.  D.  D.,  1849-56;  Rev. 
D.  P.  Rosenmiller,  1856-57;  Rev.  M.  J.  Alleman,  1857-58;  Rev.  Frederick 
Rothrauff,  1859-67;  Rev.  S.  Henry,  1868-69;  Rev.  P.  P.  Lane,  1870-74; 
Rev.  L.  T.  Williams,  and  the  present  pastor,  Rev.  E.  Y.  Metzler,  who  was 
appointed  in  1875.  The  site  of  the  original  church  of  1763  is  a  half  mile  west 
of  Littlestown.  Here  also  the  church  of  1829  was  built,  and  the  new  church 
of  1874  erected.  In  1S59  a  parsonage  was  erected  at  a  cost  of  $3,000;  about 
the  same  amount  was  expended  on  the  church.      There  are  350  members. 

The  Redeemer's  Reformed  Church  if  Littlestown  was  organized  August  22, 
1859,  with  forty-five  members,  by  Rev.  Jacob  Sechler.  This  society  existed 
so  near  the  old  Christ  Church,  one  mile  and  a  half  distant,  that  it  was  not  until 
1872  a  house  of  worship  was  erected  in  the  borough.  Two  years  later  this 
building  was  enlarged.  The  organizing  preacher  died  May  10,  1880,  in  his 
seventy-fifth  year.  The  corner-stone  was  placed  Augrist  16,  1868,  and  the 
building  dedicated,  May  26,  LS7'_',  by  W.  K.  Zieber.  The  house  was  enlarged 
in  1874.  The  present  membership  is  260  and  the  value  of  property,  $10,000. 
The  pastors  succeeding  Rev.  Jacob  Sechler  are  named  as  follows:  Revs.  Johu 
M.  Clemens,  1867;  Caspar  Scheels,  1870;  Johu  Ault,  1873,  died  July  26,  1880, 
and  Rev.  D.  TJ.  Dittmar,  1W1-S6. 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Littlestown  dates  back  to  1828,  when  a 
little  society  was  formed  with  J.  Mellvain,  Bachel  Sweney  and  Mrs.  Bishop, 
members.  William  O.  Lamsdon.  T.  H.  W.  Morrow  and  J.  H.  Brown  were 
then  the  circuit  preachers.  The  first  church  was  erected  in  1846.  In  April, 
1S76.  the  new  church  was  commenced  on  the  site  of  the  old  church  b'uilding, 
and  in  August  the  corner-stone  was  placed.  It  was  dedicated  September  2, 
1877.  The  parsonage  was  purchased  in  1882.  The  membership  at  present  is 
seventy  five.  Since  l!S76  this  has  been  the  circuit  church  of  a  large  district 
extending  west  to  Fairfield  and  Chamberlin's.  The  pastors  since  that  time 
are  named  as  follows:  Revs.  Owen  Hicks,  1877;  I.  N.  Moorhead,  1879;  H.  S. 
Eundy,  1881,  and  J.  C.  Brown,  the  present  preacher  in  charge,  1883-86.  Prior 
to  1877  the  Gettysburg  church  supplied  preachers. 

St.  James  Reformed  Church,  four  miles  southwest  of  Littlestown,  on  the 
Emrnittsburg  road,  was  organized  November  23,  1851,  with  thirty  members, 
by  Rev.  Jacob  Sechler.  A  stone  church  was  built  that  year-,  and  dedicated 
August  17,  1851,  which  continued  in  use  until  restored,  or  rather  replaced  by 
the  building  of  1878-79.  The  value  of  this  property  is  placed  at  §3,000;  the 
membership  numbers  125.  From  1851  to  1881  the  ministers  of  the  church  at 
Littlestown  served  here,  but  after  the  death  of  Mr.  Ault,  Rev.  J.  Kretzing  was 
appointed  to  this  charge.  The  officers  at  organization  were  elders,  Jacob  Spang- 
ler  and  Samuel  Riegel;  deacons,  John  Feeser,  David  Lynn,  Jacob  H.  Feeser 
and  Barnabas  Brown.  At  the  first  communion  after  the  organization  thirty 
members  communed. 


/&o^>^<7     9*/ 


HAMILTON    TOWNSHIP.  271 

United  Brethren  Church  was  organized  in  1822,  and  the  same  year  a  build 
[ng  was  erected  on  a  lol  donated  bj  Philip  Bishop,  Sr.      In  L863  the  old  build- 
ing gave  place  to  the  present  brick  house.     Prim-  to  L837  the  circuit   preacher 
was  an  irregular  visitor,  but  since  that  time  the  church  has  been  regularly  Bup 
plie.l  by  a  resident  pastor, 

I  1  MFTERY. 

lift.  Carmel  Cemetery  was  dedicated  in  May,  1861.  The  Association  u;i< 
chartered  August  22,  L860,  with  8.  S.  Bishop,  president,  and  William  T. 
Cronse,  secretary.  The  charter  members  numbered  '_!  1 .  There  are  "J .V.I  lot- 
Bold  at   from  $12  to  $15  each,  and  349  remain  unsold. 

si  M  I  KTIES. 

I'll,  Littlestown  Savings  Institution  was  organized  in  April,  1867,  with  Joseph 
L.  Shorb,  president,  and  James  LeFevre,  treasurer.  The  present  banking 
house  w as  erected  in  is ?9. 

Gatoctin  Trib<  of  Bed  Men  Society  was  organized  in  1870,  at  Littlestown, 
and  celebrated  its  first  anniversary  June  2,  1871. 

The  Littlestown  ladies  organized  a  soldiers'  relief  society,  November  11, 
L861. 


CHAPTER  XXXIV. 
HAMILTON  TOWNSHIP  AND  BOROUGH  OF  EAST  BERLIN. 

OONOW AGO  CREEK  forms  the  entire  northern  boundary,  and  Tattle 
Conowago  Creek  the  entire  western  boundary  of  this  township.  Hero 
they  are  spirited  streams,  rushing  and  splashing  along  their  zigzag  course. 
Muncy  Run  flows  westward,  and  Pine  Run  northward,  both  feeders  of  dies,. 
creeks,  and  drainers  of  the  southwest  and  central  portions  of  Hamilton.  Beaver 
Creek  forms  the  eastern  boundary  of  the  township,  entering  Conowago  Creek 
at  the  extreme  northeastern  part  of  the  township. 

While  there  are  several  pretentious  hills  there  are  no  mountainous  tracts. 
The  soil  is  red  gravel,  flinty,  and  very  productive.  The  surface  rolls  heavily 
in  parts,  but  large  tracts  of  comparatively  level  land  exist.  The  elevation  ol 
•  rlin  above  the  Atlantic  level  is  550  feet.  Pine  Hill,  near  East  Berlin, 
just  north  of  the  creek,  contains  a  mineral  resembling  umber  In  this  neigh 
borhoodthe  brown  stone  used  in  building  Conowago  Chapel  in  17S7  was  found 

The  Berlin  &  Hanover  Turnpike  was  constructed  in   1811. 

In  L820  the  bridge  at  Geiselman'smill,  East  Berlin,  was  built  bySebastian 
Hater.  It  was  213  feet  long  with  seven  arches,  ami  cost  $5,000.  During  the 
ice  flow  of   I825thiswas  carried  away,   and  in     L826  the    present  wooden  bridge 

was  erected.  In  1826  Amos  Green  built  the  covered  wooden  bridge  at  East 
Berlin  for  $3,850.  In  1832  the  wooden  bridge  on  Little  Beaver  Creek,  below 
East  Berlii  at  Smith's  mill,  was  built  for  the  two  counties  by  Jacob  Laumas- 
ter,  for  $1,595.  In  I860  J.  M.  Pittenturf  built  a  wooden  bridge  at  East  Ber- 
lin for  s.,1.,.  The  m,,,  bridge  over  Beaver  Creek,  near  East  Berlin,  was  built 
by  the  two  counties  in  the  fall  of  1^  1. 

The  population  of  Hamilton  Township  in  1820  was  1,076,  and  of  East 
Berlin.    U8;    in    1830,    1,047;    in    L840,    L.068;  in    1850,    1,166  (including  2 


272 


HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 


colored);  in  1800,  1,119  (including  2  colored);  in  1870,  1,118,  and  in  1880, 
721.  The  population  of  East  Berlin  in  1880  was  510.  The  number  of  tax 
payers  in  Hamilton  Township  (1886)  is  235;  value  of  real  estate,  $365,494; 
number  of  horses,  etc. ,  283 ;  of  cows,  etc. ,  334 ;  value  of  moneys  at  interest, 
$28,105;  value  of  trades  and  professions,  $5,970;  number  of  carriages,  122; 
acres  of  timber  land,  533. V. 

Hamilton  Township  was  formed  out  of  Berwick  in  1810.      The  first  assess- 
ment was  made  in  1811,  and  from  it  the  following  list  is  made  up: 


Philip  Arper $212 

Joliu  Anthony,  shoe-maker 00 

Anthony  Auchinbaugh 252 

John  Attig,  carpenter 902 

Frederick  Arper.  carpenter 950 

Geo.  Aldland.  carpenter 700 

Peter  Auchinbaugh,  merchant 312 

Dr.  John  B.  Arnold 932 

John  Arnold 1.990 

John  Arendnrff 7,393 

John  &  Herman  Arnold 4,212 

Widow  Eliza  Auchinbaugh 510 

Conrad  Allwine 2,820 

Widow  Kate  Bonix 200 

Dr.  Daniel  Baker 852 

William  Baugher,  carpenter 262 

John  Brighner,  cooper 680 

Geo.  Brown,  Squire 

John  Blintzinger,  tailor 60 

John  Bowman,  wheelwright 1,062 

Peter  Binder 200 

John  Brown,  tailor 960 

Michael  Bender 3,906 

Fred  Baugher 1,58? 

Geo.  Baker 6,084 

Jacob  Bonn 5,245 

Dan  Butt , 70 

Fred  Berlin,  shoemaker 336 

Michael  Bawelitz 1,348 

Peter  Biough,  grist  and  saw-mill.  . .  .  8.988 

Sam.  Bowser,  Sr 2,294 

Geo.  Clarke,  tailor 290 

James  Chamberlin 100 

Jacob  Cole,  shoemaker 362 

Benj.  Deardorff 400 

Samuel  Deardorff 4,836 

Daniel  Deardorff 483 

John  Duncan 3,450 

Widow  Christina  Duncan 1,380 

Jacob  Ernest .' 1,000 

Henry  Forry 1,300 

George  Fauss.  carpenter 560 

Peter  Fahnestock,  Jr.,  merchant.  . .  .  1,512 

Borious  Fahnestock 1,412 

Samuel  Fahnestock 1,868 

Val  Fiches 3.287 

John  Fox  to  John  Lentz 2,484 

Michael     Gyselman,    grist,    saw   and 

plaster-mill 6.224 

Jacob  Getes 3,992 

Geo.   Gipe 150 

Dan  Grosseasten,  wagon-maker 1,293 

Joseph  Howe,  blacksmith 

Jacob  Housel,  clock-maker 

John  Hoffman,  saddle-tree  mnfr. 

Jacob  Henniug,  hatter 

Fred  Hoove 


62 
50 
60 
50 
452 
John  Hollimier 2,410 


John  Hildebraud  (town  of  Carlin)...  .$7,220 
C.  Bollinger,  saw  and  plaster-mills  .    7,201 

Phil.  Hartmau 4,206 

Jacob  Hautz,  chemist 1,450 

Wm.  Henderson 12 

AVm.  Jones 12 

Peter  Ickes 2.300 

Joseph  Jones 32 

Wm.  Inkius  1,380 

Samuel  Jacob 3,900 

D, tn  Jacob,  wagon-maker 610 

Jacob  Kimmell 560 

James  Kitwallet 110 

Jacob  Krider 212 

Joseph  Koon,  cooper 410 

Michael  King,  shoe-maker 810 

Jacob  Koch,  hotel 1,210 

Abram  Kaufman 1,992 

Andrew  Kaufman 4,328 

John  Knight 485 

Richard  Kitchen's  heirs 7,600 

Widow  Margaret  Kitchen 63 

John  Lentz 2,484 

Geo.  Liebeustone,  blacksmith 1,202 

Geo.  Laurence 312 

Jane  Lane 240 

Daniel  Lease 12 

Christian  Lentz 4,506 

Peter  Long,  nailer 3,390 

Daniel  Lingefelder 2,142 

Samuel  Mummcrt.  wagon-maker.  .  .  .       360 

John  Meyer,  miller 95 

Maximillian  Morburg 95 

Widow  Mary  Myer. 860 

Henry  Miller,  blue-dyer 60 

Wm.  '-Miller,  hatter 60 

Samuel  Mummert 1,205 

Geo.  Mummert 120 

Mathias  Mummert 5,080 

Jacob  Mummert,  carpenter 320 

John  Mummert 3,800 

Jacob  Miller,  distillery  and  oil-mill..   6,320 

Geo.  Miller,  stiller 12 

Andrew  Mcllvaiu,  distillery 7,010 

Geo.  McKehen  (McCutcheon) 4,191 

Christian  Nagle,  mason 360 

John  Nagle,  Sr 200 

John  Nagle,  Jr 1.370 

Geo.  Noll. 350 

Barbara  Oblenis  (deceased) 1,380 

Henry  Picking,  merchant 1,050 

Christian  Picking 124 

Wm.   Patterson,  store-keeper 1,050 

Samuel  Patterson,  blacksmith 458 

James  &  Sholas  Patterson 8,265 

Simon  Pecher 1.786 

John  Piper,  blacksmith 60 

Widow  Phoebe  Rotcheson 200 


HAMILTON    TOWNSHIP.  273 

Geo.  Retzell,  choir-maker $380     Henry  Staub $70 

i  Reed,  hatter 60      Jacob  Sneering 80 

John  Skidmore,  Bhoe-maker 360      Wm.  Surgeon J. 31)4 

Martin  Smith,  hotel 100      John  &  Christian  Showalder 6.421 

Jacob  Sailor,  hotel  1,045      Daniel  Single 5,499 

Mich.  Spangler,  weaver 460      Thomas  Usher's  heirs 400 

Christian  Senobenland 300      Baltzer  Werner,  mason ...  60 

Henry  Shroeder,  tailor 430      David  Wilson,  hotej l.oio 

Gabriel  Smith 1,590      Jacob  Wolf,  tinner 400 

Win.  Sadler,  hatter 510      Solomon  Wisler 3,920 

Abram  Swigard 870      Abram  Wise,  distillery 6,878 

Daniel  Sower 100     John  Wolf ' 5,400 

Abram  Shaffer,  weaver 70      Jacob  Wolf,  shoe-maker 140 

Adam  Swartz 900      Jacob  Weist's  heirs 318 

Clement  Stewthebaker 3,130      Andrew  Wolf,  tailor 90 

Daniel  Showalder 3,215      Fred  Wolf,  weaver 341 

Sugar 125      Adam  Wolf,  weaver 300 

Jacob  Sower 3,285      Henry  Weist 3.702 

Adam  Sower 1,450      Michael   5Toh 2,000 

John  Sower 1,320      Christian  Zeller,  carpenter 780 

The  single  men  residing  in  the  township  in  1M  1  were  Jacob  Baker,  black- 
smith, with  Widow  Baker;  Emanuel  Carpenter,  of  Berlin;  Chris  Hollinger, 
with  father;  Abram  Jacob,  weaver,  with  father;  Adam  Long,  with  father;  Adam 
Mummert,  blacksmith.  Berlin;  Henry  and  JacobMiller,  with  Jacob  Miller.  Sr. ; 
William  Mcllvain,  physician;  Thomas  Stephen,  physician:  John  Sower,  with 
Sower;  John  B.  Smith,  Merlin;  Casper  Wise,  with  Abram  Wise;  Peter 
Wort,  with  David  Wilson;  Bausitch  Anthony,  with  William  Saddles;  Charles 
Becknell,  with  Christian  Pickings.  The  total  assessment  was  $254,812,  and 
the  tax  levy  was   L0   eenls  per  $100. 

Hamilton,  through  its  delegate  to  the  convention  of  November  4,  1834,  J. 
Miller,  voted  against  the  adoption  of  the  common  school  law;  some  time  later 
the  township  adopted  the  law. 

The  Berlin  Branch  Railroad  was  proposed  in  1835,  but  not  until  1877  was 
the  present  road  from  Bed  Hill,  near  New  Oxford,  to  East  Berlin,  via  Ab- 
bottstown,  completed.  East  Berlin  subscribed  $27,000  and  Abbottstown  $15,- 
000.  The  contractors  were  Nicholas  Fleigle,  B.  B.  Gonder  &  Sons.  Cyrus 
Diller  and  a  few  subscribers.      L.  Williams  was  the  track  layer. 

Crosskeys,  at  the  crossing  of  the  York  and  Hanover  &  Carlisle  Turnpikes, 
was  founded  in  1801  by  William  Gift.  Henry  Gitt  purchased  it  in  1806  and 
I  a  hotel,  which  was  continued  until  1834.  The  house  is  still  standing, 
now  occupied  by  E.  C.  Gitt. 

( rreen  Ridge  Postoffice  was  established  in  this  township  near  the  John  Russ 
farm;  existed  for  about  six  years  and  was  then  discontinued. 


BOROUGH  OF  EAST  BERLIN. 

This  little  borough,  the  center  of  the  northeastern  enterprise  of  the  county, 
is  ensconced  in  abend  of  Conowago  Creek  in  the  extreme  northeastern  section 
of  the  township.  The  population  in  1820  was  41s,  increasedto  510  in  1880. 
The  American  Gazetteer  of  1797  refers  to  Berlin  as  follows:  "  Berlin  is  a  neat 
and  nourishing  town  of  York  County,  Penn..  containing  about  100  houses.  It 
larly  laid  out  on  the  southwestern  side  .  if  Conowago  Creek,  thirteen  miles 
westerly  of  Yorktown  and  101  west  of  Philadelphia  in  north  latitude  39    56"." 

The  number  of  tax  payers  in  the  borough  of  East  Berlin  (1SS6)  is  243; 
value  of  real  estate,  $186,069;  number  of  horses,  etc.,  72;  of  cows,  etc.,  33;  value 


274  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

of  moneys  at  interest,  $94, 631 ;  value  of  trades  and  professions,  $10, 160;  number 
of  pleasure  carriages,  63;  of  gold  watches,  9;  acres  of  timber    and,  14. 

The  events  which  led  to  the  organization  of  this  borough  *-  modern. 
It  appears  that  in  1879  the  election  poll  was  moved  to  Pine  Run  three  miles 
weKrd,  in  opposition  to  the  wishes  of  the  villagers.  Tc >  save  al ^utur ,  dis- 
agreements the  latter  petitioned  for  a  borough  organization.  On  October  11, 
1868   fire  destroyed  property  valued  at  $12,000.  ,.    .    100, 

Thf  retailers  of  foreign  merchandise  in  Hamilton  Township  in  1824  were 
Joseph  Mle  Christian  Picking.  Isaac  Will  and  William  Hildebrand  Peter 
Kaorff,  constable,  made  the  Returns      W.  S.  HMebrand  „  posta-t- 

The  borough  was  incorporated  m  1879,  and  in  1880  the  hist  o&ceis 
were  elected.  In  the  following  list  the  name  of  burgess  is  next  to  date  of 
election  and  next  comes  names  of  councilmen:  •Rnl10.>1 

1880-George  King;  J.  Hartley,  J.  Resser,  M.  Rebert,  George  T\.  Baugh- 

CT'  ?8?l^ltfg?SS  Robert,  O.  Hartley,  John  Wiest,  G.  Baugher,  J. 

ReS1882H:jSonnffplcking;  A.    B.   Hildebrand,   J.   M.   Baker,    J.   Miller,    N.   B. 

^St-W.Tmdebrand;  S.  Meisenhelder,  J.  R.  Darrone,  N.  B.  SprenHe, 
W    H    Groo-o-   Henry  R.  Jacobs.  ,     _  „,    „ 

'  1884     WS.  Hildebrand;  Baker.  Grogg,  Jacobs,  Sprenkle,  Brown,  Shaffer. 

1885— Edward  Sheffer;  D.  Boblitz,  John  Wiest, 

L  L880A    W    Storm  and  L.  T.  Diller  were  elected  justices  of  the  peace; 
in  1881  F.  S.  Hildebrand,  and  in  1885,  T.  E.  Myers. 

The  land  on  which  East  Berlin  stands  was  purchased  m  1<64,  by  _John 
Frankenberger  from  the  Penns,  for  £28  16s  7d.  Charles  Hines  erected  tte 
hit  house  thereon  in  1765  and  the  second  in  1766  by  Jacob  Sarbaugh.  In .1769 
fprimSe  school  was  established  by  one  Robert  Carte, -or  Cheste, j  « ijrt^rf 
Eneland,  who  subsequently  carried  on  a  tavern  here.  On  May  8  1  «b4.the  m! 
fage  was  surveyed  into  eighty-five  lots,  whick  sold  for  00  shillings  eaoh  a 
condition  of  sale  being  that  the  buyer  would  withm  six  month  erect  a  house 
with  brick  or  stone  chimney,  and  pay  annually  a  Spanish  dollar  to .the  owner 
of  the  town.  Ten  years  after  the  town  was  founded  it  was  sold  to  .Peter 
Househ  11 for  £550.  In  March.  1782,  Andrew  Comfort  purchased  Househill  s 
Sett  and  in  his  will,  dated  November  19,  1789.  made  it optional ^witb .his 
son  Andrew  to  purchase  the  property  at  a  fair  valuation.  In  January  1  m, 
this  Andrew  Comfort  was  granted  a  deed,  and  January  1 6  the  ™*7^ 
he  sold  to  John  Hildebrand.  The  last  buyer  made  an  addition  of  100  lots 
that  year  and  progress  marked  his  ownership,  for  in  1797  there  weie  100 
houses  standingP  together  with  Peter  Lane's  mill  on  the  west  side,  built  m 
1769  and  carried  away  by  floods  m  1799. 

CHURCHES    AND    SCHOOLS. 

The  Catholic  Church  at  Paradise,  which  is  the  church  of  the  Catholics  of 
EasfBeilin  and  Abbottstown.  dates  its  organization  back  to  ^  begmning  of 
settlement;  but  not  until  1843  was  a  church  erected.  In  this  year  John 
Brandt  donated  a  tract  of  land  for  religious  purposes  and  her  e  the ,  p  esent 
stone  building  was  raised  that  year,  and  Father  Pester  of  Conowago.  ap 
poTnted  first  resident  priest.  There  was  a  private  chapel  tber^or  years  before 
in  which  the  services  of  the  church  were  held  at  intervals.  The  mission  is  now 
attended  by  Father  Gorman,  of  Bonneauville.  itinerant 

The  Berlin   Presbyterian  Society  was  organized  ml  801   by  the  itmerant 
reformed  preacher.  John  Ernest,  who  held  services  m  the  first  school  building. 


HAMILTON  TOWNSHIP.  275 

In  LSI  1  John  Hildebrand  donated  a  one  hair  acre  Eor  the  purpose  of  a  Union 
Church,  in  lieu  of  a  lot  set  apart  in  1  104  by  John  Frankenberger;  and  here  the 
Presbyterians  determined  to  build,  but  did  not  earn  out  this  determination  as 
a  I  "resbj  terian  society . 

The  Union  Reformed  and  Lutheran  Church  was  begun  in  IM  I.  before  John 
Ernst  left  the  locality.  It  was  completed  in  1822,  during  Rev.  Carl  Helfen 
stine's  term,  and  he  preachedhere  until  1826.  The  ministers  named  inthehis- 
fcorj  of  these  respective  societies  at  Lbbottstown  preached  here  also.  A.  (i. 
Deininger  was  connected  with  the   (  ocietj    here  Eor  fiffrj  two  years 

ending  with  his  death,  September  30,  1880.  Each  societj  claims  about  ninety 
members;  Rev.  John  Tomlinson  is  pastor.    The  property  is  valued  at   $2,000 

Trinity  Evang,  lical  I  'hurch  was  erected  in  1879  during  the  term  of  Rev.  G-. 

11    Scheh.      The  society  was  organized  about  this  time  with  twenty  five  m 

bers. 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Society  was  organized  in  1854,  and  a  house  of 
worship  erected.  \\  hen  the  Bocietj  declined  in  numbers,  a  bill  was  introduced 
into  the  state  Legislature  empowering  the  representatives  of  the  trustees  to 
sell,  and  on  it-  approval  the  property  was  purchased  bv  .Michael  MeSherrv,  and 
converted  by  him  into  a  dwelling  house. 

The  German  Baptist  Church,  near  East  Berlin,  is  one  of  the  leading  socie- 
ties of  this  faith  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  county.  Rev.  Adam  Brown  has 
Berved  this,  as  well  as  other  churches  in  his  district,  for  about  thirty-five  years. 
The  Union  Sabbath  school  was  organized  in  1840  and  reorganized  in  1857. 
J.  B.  Baughman,  still  connected  with  Sunday  school  work,  took  charge  of  this 
school  in  1858.  The  Evangelical  Sun.  lay -school  was  organized  in  1879,  with 
Rev.  •).  E.  Britcher  in  charge. 

The  Normal  School  was  founded  in  1879,  with  the  following  named  faculty 
m  charge:  J.  Curtis  Hildebrand.  Dr.  P.  C.  Wolf,  W.  J.  Metzler,  Charles  S. 
Deardorff  and  Miss  Annie  Storm.  John  H.  Nitchman  and  Kate  L.  Miller  were 
assistant  teachers.  The  building  is  a  two  story  brick  house,  belonging  to  the 
district  schools,  which  is  devoted  to  the  normal  classes  for  sixteen  weeks  din- 
ing the  summer.     The  number  of  students  is  placed  at  twenty-seven 

SOCIETIES,   ETC. 

7%  Berlin  Beneficial  Society  was  organized  March  27,  1843  with  the  fol- 
lowing named  members;  *\Yilliam  Wolf,  John  Picking,  *George  H  Binder 
•JohnZerman,  David  Mellinger,  M.  1)..  *Jacob  Bushey,  George  Kin..-  Mich- 
ael  Dellone,   *William  Baugher,  Andrew  -I.   Miller,  George  W.    Baugher    E 

B.  Raber,  *John  11.  Aulebaugh,  George  Bentzel,  *Rev.  A.  G  Deininger 
•Samuel  Wagner.  The  membership  numbers  146.  Ere,,,  1843  to  L882no 
less  than  $20,000  were  paid  out  for  beneficial  purposes. 

ska  Tribe,  I.  0.  It.  M.  was  organized  January  17.  1871,  with  the  fo] 
Lowingnamed  members:  J.  Curtis  Hildebrand,  F.  C.  Wolf.  M  |)  John  F 
Ciselman.  C.  Will  Baker,  J.  Henry  Bohn.  Michael  MeSherrv,  H  W  King 
G.  W.  Baugher,  I.  S.  Trostle,  John  Wiest,  A.  S.  Trostle,  John  Getz  D  S 
Bender,  Israel  Stambaugh  and  John  Miller.  There  are  about  thirty  members 
SonsoJ  AmericaNo.  21,  organized  August  II.  1869,  with  the  following 
Mined  members:    J.   Curtis   Hildebrand.    G.    W.    Householder.  A.    S     Trestle! 

C.  W  Stoner,  E.  C.  Wolf,  M.  D„  A.  D.  Spangler,  I.  S.  Trostle,  Israel  Stam- 
baugh, J.  L.  Darr,  H.  C.  Myers  and  H.  W.  King.  There  are  twenty-five 
members.  J 

The  East  Berlin  Record  was  issued  January  14,  1886,  by  James  E  and 
James  H.  Gardner,  with  the  latter  as  editor. 


27g  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

CHAPTER  XXXV. 

HAMILTONBAN  TOWNSHIP. 


die  Creek  has  its  source  uistn orthw ert^MJ u^ehnan       ^  ^^ 
Creek  near  Smgley  s  old  mill,  flows  ««*«£  aortheastern  part  of  the 

Mud  Run,  which  stream  is  entirely  n  tave to  the ^nortne /^^  and 
township.  Tom's  Creek  »«  »^P££  ea  ^  To  the  Landis  farm,  and 
Jack's  Mountain,  flows  ma  tor*™Sr  °°^fs  m;"'s  Branch,  which  drains 
thence  south.  In  Liberty  T^^r^MaS  c/eel^ Sain  Green  Eidge 
VhaenrortheDweestVawSe  Si^ed^f  Sparkling  rivulets  leap  down  the  hills 
1U  -KISS  include  Jack's  Mountain   «^— b  M, 

fej^^g^^    many 

«2*  fl^ai^Imt?  CSS  fffl  landman  flnds  a 

soil  which  well  ^pays  creation  *  853-419  males,  392  fe- 

The  population  m  1800  was  1,6  79,  in  lB^tt  was       o  including  two 

males.  four  slaves  and  thirty-eight  free ,  ccW;  m  ^^™  ^f830j 

slaves,  ^^f^r-^^-^^^^l^^^  18h°'  J'bV' 
1,379;  in  1840,  1,464  in  1850,  1.  <«'»•  "^  lJ '  \  h  di  258  in  Fairfield.  In 
including  218  in  FairfieU;  in  1870    1,67 b    in ciu d  ^  ^ 

1880  the  township  was  credite dv £J  ;-^  tt  real  estate?  $547,060;  num- 
The  number  of  taxpay t»  0^^^fm  value  of  m0neys  at  inter- 
ber  of  horses,  etc.,  616;  numbei  oi  cows,  ei    .  mmlv,er  of   carriages, 

est   $53, 211;  value  of  trades  and  professions    $22,365,  numbei 

iron,  co.™  grained  copper  rock,  cUonte  rook  at ^Jtoy  »  £  «        „„ 


high  colors. 


HAMILTONBAN   TOWNSHIP.  277 

In  L878  copper  was  discovered  in  the  Snively  Mines  on  the  Musselman 
tracl  aear  Fairfield.  On  this  tract  three  veins  were  discovered,  one  of  which 
was  ten  feet  thick.  About  this  time  D.  B.  Russell  unearthed  a  new  vein  of 
copper  ore;  discoveries  were  also  made  by  Mill  &  Co.,  of  Shippensburg  Cop 
per  quartz  was  found  on  theold  Watson  farm  in  July,  1870,  after  it  became 
the  property  of  L>.  !'..  Russell. 

There  stood  upon  John  Mickley's  farm.   Hamiltonban  Township,  in  L858 

an.apple  tree  planted  in   1,11.  which  bore  sixty-three  bushels  of dapples 

that  year. 

In  L871  asurvej  for  a  railroad  from  Fairfield  to  Emmittsburg  was   made 

bj  Joseph  s.  Gitt.     The  length  was  pli ,1  at  seven  miles  and  the  total  cost 

110,570  per  mile.  Theold  "Tape  Worm  Railroad"  is  no*  almost  completed 
to  Fairfield,  baving  its  temporary  terminus  at  Ortanna. 

In  1758  or  1759,  about  the   ti of  the  Jamison   abduction,  the   settlers 

formed  companies  for  the  defense  of  the  frontier.  Mr.  Seabrooks  said,  in 
1855,  that  one  of  the  Dunwoodie  brothers  killed  an  Indian  above  Virginia 
Mills,  on  Middle  Creek,  northwest  of  Fairfield,  buried  him  there  and  marked 
the  event  on  a  tree.  Crawford  kille  I  an  Indian  at  the  same  time,  but  was  so 
ashamed  of  what  he  considered  to  be  a  murder  that  he  did  not  speak  of  it. 

Dnder  date  March  lit.  1  ,89,  a  petition  was  presented  to  the  president  and 
supreme  council  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  signed  by  Isaac  Robinson 
William  Waugh,  -lames  Brice,  William  Miller.  David  Bl'yth  and  Ebene  ei 
Finley,  asking  for  a  resurvey  of  ••Carroll's  Delight."  This  set  forth  that  in 
L741  Archil.;, Id  Beard,  John  Withrow,  .lames  McGinley  and  Jeremiah 
rj  purchased  of  Charles  Carroll  5,000  acres,  which  were  taken  up  and 
surveyed  years  before  this  purchase,  but  were  subsequently  found  to  be  in 
Hamiltonban  and  Franklin  Townships  in  Pennsylvania.  The  petition  asked 
tar  a  settlement  of  the  question.  In  1762  caveats  were  entered  in  the  land  ,  i 
fioe  against  granting  warrants  for  these  lands,  whether  in  Hamiltonban  or 
Franklin  Townships. 

The  twenty  five  divisions  near  the  outside  line  of  "Carroll's  Delight"  were 
occupied  b\  the  following  named:  Isaac  Kobinson,  now  Moses  McClean- 
hphrann  Johnson,  now  James  Johnson;  James  Stephenson,  "William  McClean 
and  John  Cormack,  .lames  McAllister's  heirs;  Isaac  Robeson  Francis 
Meredith,  Samuel  Ku,,x,  Alex  Adam's  heirs;  George  Clingam's heirs;  William 
WrtheroVs  heirs;  DavidBlythe,  Rev.  John  McKnight,  Ebenezer  Finley.  James 
Marshall,  Samuel  Moore,  William  Waugh  and  heirs  of  John  Waugh  John 
(  rawford  s  heirs;  Andrew  Hart's  heirs;  Robert  Slerurnons,  James  Bruce,  John 
Miller;  heirs  of  Amos  McGinley  and  John  McGinley. 

The  twenty  nine  tracts  on  the  outside,  adjoining  "Carroll's  Delioht"  were 
dby  the  following  named  in  1789:  William  Russell  and  heirs  of 
William  Boyd;  hens  of  James  McAllister  and  John  Carrick;  Frus.  Merritt 
Alex  Adams,  Robert  Smith,  now.  1789,  Ebenezer  Fergeson,  William  Witherow's 
heirs;  W  ilham  Baird,  now  Rev.  John  McKnight  and  Ebenezer  Finley;  Richard 
Band,  now  James  .Marshall;  James  Dunwoodie,  John  Crawford's  heirs;  James 
Reid,  James  Slemons.  John  McGinley,  Robert  McGinley,  David  Hart's  heirs- 
Joseph  Brown.  William  Wilson.  Samuel  Adams,  Samuel  Knox  (two  tracts) ' 
William  and  John  Orr,  Moses  McCarley,  John  McCarley.  David  Ramsey,  and 
Samuel  Cross,  John  Buchanan,  now  William  and  Samuel  Cross;  John  Johnson 
John  Porter,  now  Samuel  Porter;  heirs  of  Robert  McNutt,  now  James 
McGlaughlin  and  John  Boyd:  Matt  McNutt,  now  Arch  Bond,  and  Robert  Mur- 
ray, now  John  Boyd 

Hamiltonban,  which,  in  early  years,  comprised  Highland,   Freedom  and 


278 


HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 


Liberty,  is  one  of  the  original  townships.      The  assessment  of  1802  gives  the 
following   names  of  property  owners  and  single  men,   as  well  as  the  values 


assessed: 


T«thp<.  A>mew   Sr*  $3,000      John  Hook $420 

James  Agnew,  or. Vom       ini™  n.n^psmi 10 


1,300 
1,624 


James  Agnew,  Jr 

John  Agnew 

—  Ashurige  (Jos.  McKisson) 

Bleany  Adair 

Christian  Bennor 

David  Blythe 

David  Blythe,  executor 

David  Byers 

Andrew  Brown* J.0"" 

1 ,  390 

' 16 


300 
096 

1,404 
1,990 


Alex.  Brice 

Abram  Briner 

James  Burd,  shoe-maker.  . 

Henry  Burbaek 

Hugh  Bigham 

John  Breador 

Fred.  Brintle 

Robert  Boulton 

Michael  Bethlow 

Joshua  Bnrkitt 

Ludwick  Bower 

Jacob  Baker 

John  Baker 

Ben]'.  Beavor 

Jacob  Bomgartner. 


40 

20 

450 

1,050 

330 

114 

660 
935 
483 
110 
660 
210 


Ralph  Bowie,  squire -£« 

John  Byars f 

Jacob  Bruner "" 

James  Carrick...' >»» 

John  Carrick ™» 

Alex.  Carnaghan,  cooper* "if 

Win.   Crawford 40 

Henry  Coffuian 4bU 

Richard  Cole 1.400 

Cleatou  Chamberlain 41 

Thomas  Craig xg" 

JohnCrowl °» 

Jacob  Candle.... ^ 

Jane  Dunwiddie* ~.UUo 

Hugh  Donnelly — 

Alexander  Dean «.0»U 

Thomas  Dick 

John  Downey,  squire 

Isaac  Dorin 

Wm.  Ferguson 

Abel  Finley,  shoe-maker 

Wm.  Fellen,  weaver 

Christian  Freet !>J" 

Allen  Ferguson,  carpenter 

Henry  Ferguson 

Hugh  Ferguson 

Jacob  Fence  

Richard  Ferguson 4i* 

Hugh  Ferguson.  Sr ijj 

Margaret  Finley 4" 

Jacob  Glass _.„ 

David  Hart J ° ' 

Eliiah  Hart,  squire., l.«U 

Yost.   Harbaugh 1.654 

Joshua  Hidler 4bb 

Wm.  Howey °° 


32 
1,070 

1.258 
2,534 

10 


3,688 
67 


John  Henderson 
Benj.  Hickson. .. 

John  Irvine 

Thomas  Johnson. 

Israel  Irvine 

John  Knight.  . . . 

Samuel  Knox 

Dr.   Sam.  Knox.. 

Geo.  Kerr 

HughKellen 

Casper  Kittinger i,mu 

Peter  Keizer 

Jacob  Keizer 

Jacob  Kelleberger. 

John  Karr 

Thomas  Latta °\l 

John  Latta ^jjj" 

Andrew  Little,  miller ■' 'j™ 

John  Lollis  (Wm.  Howie) 285 

Robert  Lachlin.  sadler "» 

Thomas  Meredith l.«g 

Wm.  McLean,  squire! *.!»' 

James  McGaughey l.»« 

Robert  McCracken «» 

Samuel  McCullough \--~u 

Patrick  McKing M™ 

Wm.  McClellau bi 

Frederick  Myers }.»" 

Joseph  McGinley ^J  < 

Ebenezer  McGinley J1" 


Geo.  McConnell 

Samuel  McCullough,  administrator 

Amos  McGmley 

Hugh  McGaughey 

John  McGinley... °»" 

James  McKesson-l ~-'t 

James  MeCL-ary,  tailor 415 

Jacob  McClellan.  tanner 

Alex.  McGaughey.  wagon-maker 


1,040 
350 
360 


330 
330 


375 
10 
68 
60 
40 


330 
56 
446 


Francis  McCormick ^ 

'°58 


Wm.  Miller,  squires 

Joseph  McCleary.  shoe-maker 

James  McGinley 

Anne  McPherren l>*«£ 

Wm.  McMullen,  Jr 'j™ 

Wm.   McMullen,  Sr 

Henry  Miller 

John  Myers 

John  Mvers,  Jr 

Wm.  Matthews 

Moses  McLean,  executor 

James  McCosh 

James  Marshall  || 

Michael  McClennon 

William  McCleary 

AVilliam  Orr 


2,031 


18 
3,130 

30 

10 
1,032 

36 
2,832 

56 


1,752 

Rev.  Wm.  Paxton...  *£» 

".'.'.'.'.'.   1.248 


Richard  Porter,  hatter. 
Philip  Phail. 
John  Paxton. 


♦Slaves  valued  at  Sioo,  8120,  $280,  $120,  8120, 
tone  slave,  value  S100. 
[Including  mill,  8300. 


'^fea^*-**-^,. 


BAMILTONBAN  TOWNSHIP.  281 

John  Rood  j189fl  .!..„,,,,  si,„nk *8,5 

fcnfc p^  ^JSpringle :."::  *5oo 

"r     »             -■-!M  Moses  Seabrooks as 

£*x    ;:''"M-    18a  Wm,  Simmons W 

John  Robinson llT:!  Daniel  Sweeney 400 

HenryRowan ii368  j„hnShull .     Is 

JaaMsRowan    ...„  jamea8tuart _..;;; 3   * 

&SLta?SKS: -         Wm.  Taylor  (B.  more) ". "      rZ 

Baraabus  Riellj , ,.-,,      Al„h,.w  T  W8gon.maker  ™ 

John  Riddle  squire 800      John  Tappe? ..             sm 

[bomasBeed...., ,,,„■.>      Wm,    W^ughtl i  ss 

Ma  Russell,  squire ::■ ivi(1  Waus  nT1 »•*» 

Wm  Reed,,  squire l80      Samuel  Withrow •..,-, 

,!''       •j!''.' 1.568      James  Willson 1559 

Walter  Smith,  squire 1,883      Thomas  White,  tanner - ,', 

""•,'T/1,m"',;nn:"1 50      David  Wilson§§ 2163 

Rev.  John  Siemens ,..-,u      Hugh  Wilsonf 1453 

Robert  81emons ,,4ss      James  Williams '_ 

Daniel  Sprinkle^ lj884      James  Wilson 1  303 

Frances  Bhaafer Jamea  Foung ...V.:"'.'.:  300 

Thesuigle  free  men  of  the  township  in  1802  are  named  as  follows,  and  the 
tax  levied  from  each  ranged  from  81  to  93  eents:  William  Barnes:  James 
Samuel  and  Ezra  Blythe;  Andrew  Byars;  James  Black;  Henry  Cutshall  shoe- 
maker; John  Kallaberger:  John  Charles;  John  Oarrick;  Henry  Coffman- 
James  Dick,  merchant;  Henry  Ferguson;  James  and  William  Gallagher 
blacksmiths;  John  Latta;  Andrew  Marshall;  David  Mellon;  Jacob  McClSlan 

1er;John    MeClellan;    John    McGinley;    Ebenezer  and  Amos  McGinley! 
merchants:    Mathew   McConnell;    James   McLean;    John  Orr;    John    Paxton 

J,1 ";''""    '''r'".',:    u;'a"";  'lnl1"    K I;    •'"ll"   Slemons;    John  Sites;    James 

Shirkey;  Felty  load;  James  Waugh,  merchant. 

Che  total  valuation  assessed  by  Benjamin  Reed  was  $123,411.76,  on  which 
a  tax  levy  of  25  cents  per  $100  was  made. 

Z.  Herbert,  delegate  from  Hamiltonban  to  the  convention  of  November   I 
S&TOSftJ'E  USSf  "'"  30h00]  ^     TL"  Stat"  aPP-Priati-  was 

PAIRFIELn. 

,  ■  '''"V111^"'  was  surveyed  in  1801  for  Squire  William  Miller  and  named  by 
bun  Mule-retown.  He  hu.lt  the  first  house  here  the  same  year,  graded  a  few 
streets  and  alleys,  and  made  a  good  effort  to  build  up  a  little  village  The 
venture  was  premature,  for  fully  twenty-one  years  elapsed  before  progress 
'  on  the  Squire  s  paper  city.  In  1822  the  Maria  Furnace  was  con- 
structed  and  pui  in  operation  at  this  point;  religious  societies  were  organized 
and  local  mdnstees  began  to  expand;  then  a  church  building  was  erected  a 
school  was  established,  and  the  substantial  beginnings  of  a  town  were  formed 
and  the  name  changed.  -Even  prior  to  1822  there  was  some  public  spirit  man- 
ifested  here  for  we  md  that  Amos  Maginley  and  James  Ried  were  'appointed 
as  a  committee  to  collect  for  the  Savannah  fir,-  sufferers  in  1820 
»„«w  r;ffr",;ct;i t0  the  ori&**]  assessment  roll  of  the  township  points  out 
authoritatively  the  names  and  trades  of  those  who  were  here  at  the  beginning 
Of  the  village,  and  of  many  who  have  been  identified  with  its  progress. 

CHURCHES,    SCHOOLS,    ETC. 

The  Evangelical   Lutheran   Church  was   organized  November    10,    1855 
Following  are  the  names  of  the  original  members:    John  Nunnemaker,  Barna- 
bas  Riely,   Maj.   John  Musselman.   Christian  Musselman.  Jacob   Musselman, 

**s|ave,  value  8110.  i ,,,;, : , j ,.,.-_ i ..,, .  .."., ,,.,,  ~~ 


2g2  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

Julia  Ann  Hoke,  Michael  ^^^gS^'^S^t^^ 
names  of  the  pastors  ■»*>*=;  o^toTshrp  was  erected  in  1854  at  a  cost 
S.  Johnston,   1866-86       Ihe  house  oiw        i  Musselman  is  sec- 

of  about  $2,500.      The  membership  numbers  -uu.     u.  xv. 

"S  ^  *.*"»«*  Ctan*  o/  .^«  *«**  ^UeSerer95Vef^ 
This  is  modern  gothic .with  aiuhence  roorr ^£BB •  £*»*  t^  ^ 
height,  standing   on  the    sit *  o the  o  d    L  The  second 

Church  e^^^^SfS^S^e  until  1878.  The  Presbyterian. 
^tht'eSs1  -nthls^rch  until  1888,  in  consideration  of  the.  claims 
against  the  old  Union  building  and  pounds.  worshiped 

8   Tfce  tfeftodut  Episcopal  Soc  ^  ^  ^erected.     On  June  9, 
in  private  houses  until  1830  when  thefert ^£™^f  b™and  completed, 

1S76,  the  Centennial  Metfiodi^  Epu^opg  Chm^  w^beg  x  ^  J^ 

The  old  cemetery  in the ^ear rj»  beer, remo  ved.     ^^  to  visit  E         tts. 
The  Catholics  of      Carroll  s  ven0 n t,  .    •         •      visited  their  homes, 

burg  or  Conowago  in  very  early  days;  later,  ^sl^™n  has  not  ,et  a 
and  in  1851  their  present  church  was  built,      The  con   it  -^ 

resident  pastor,  and  the  church  is  a  m    son  of  the ^pansh of tf  g 

^T^^^S^^s  5*oAJSU"  ^ng  to  this 
0ldSPllic  school  house  has  been  an  ^^^taTyef  a  pSeS 
conducted,  and  are  large  organizations. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

There  are  a  few  business  houses  carrying  heavy  stocks  of  goods,  a  first- 

The  ceremony  of  raising  the  TJmon  flag  a :t  airnei  P        Hamilton- 

1861,  and  the  first  responses  to  the  call  for  txoops, ^g8^  Buren  Tawney,* 
ban  Township,  came  ^J^f^^PL^^Sn^  Turle  of  Fair-field. 
David  Beesman,  John  W.  M f°^™f  Snd  EegS  Pennsylvania  Vol- 
They  were  mustered  m  with  Company  1,  becona  jwg ■  . 

unteer  Infantry.      The  Fairfield  Zouaves  jeie  organr* ed  m  A u  ^   ^ 

Charles  Knox,   captain    Ebenezer  McGrnky   KT ^  ed  a  ..  gol. 

van.    lieutenants.      In  November  lbbl    the  lair *>  ^    Judge  Mc. 

SS^K-SST MrltSiLC^e'rfMiss  M.  McCinley,  - 
n^Stf^SSs  of  Fairfield,  see  Part  III,  page  117. 


FOUNTAIN  DALE. 


FOUNTAIN  iJAJji.. 


"Died  of  fever  in  1861. 


HIGHLAND   TOWNSHIP.  28$ 

tains  north  and  south  of  the  valley  make  the  nam.,  appropriate.  Raven  Rock 
which  shelters  the  valley  on  the  south,  is  1,290  feet  above  the  ocean  level 
Joseph  Braugher  was  postmaster  in  1837;  in  1845  Reuben  Sti 

Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  — Weslej  Chapel,   of  mination,   was 

built  at  Fountain  Dale  in  1857. 

Tb..  Reformed  Church  and  the  Dunkard  Church  buildings  are  located  a 
ahort  distance  south  of  this  settlement,  in  Liberty  Township. 

'  <"  s.      Near  to  Fountain  Hair  is  the  new  Methodist    Episcopal  • 

tray,  to  which  removals  from  the  old  < tetery  near  the  Methodist    r 

Church  were  made  some  years  ago;  while  west  of  the  Reformed  Church  i  tin 
old  cemeten  of  the  district. 

ral  bold  eminences,  other  than  the  peaks  of  Jack's  Mountain,  ch 
terize  tins  division  of  the  township. 

The  "  Fountain  Dale  Springs  House"  was  established  in  1874,  by  F.  Mc- 
Intire.  "  Monterey  House,"  on  the  top  of  South  Mountain,  was  conducted  by 
Harry  Yingling  in  1875,now  proprietor  of  the  "Eagle  House"  at  Gettysburg. 

MI-.  11. LAM  l  It  8. 

Cold  Spring,  atCal  Ionia,  lies  in  the  northwestern  corner  of  Hamilt.nil.au 
Township.      In  the  last  century  it  was  known  as    "Sweeney's  Spring,"  from 

Darnel  Sweeney,  wh  original upier  of  the  land  in  that  vicinity.    It 

was  known  long  before  Sweenej  became  the  owner,  and  even  then  had  a  wide 
reputation  and  charmed  many  visitors.     In   1850  a  Chambersburg  Company 
purchased  the  tract,  erected  buildings  and  named  the  place  Caledonia.     From 
tin-  time  forth    its  popularitj  declined,  and  ultimately  the  buildings  were  de 
stroyed  by  fire,  leaving  the  stone  foundation  walls  alone  standing. 

Fh..  building  of  the  Fairfield  branch  of  the  "Tapeworm  Railroad"  is  only 
a  matter  of  a  little  time.  The  road  was  surveyed  by  Joseph  S.  Gitt.  and  in 
January.  Ism,.  a  proposition  was  ma  le  to  the  people  of  Fairfield  by  the  Han- 
"v,'r  {unction,  Hanover  &  Gettysburg  Railroad  Company,  that  if  they  would 
furnish  6,000  good  ties,  the  right  of  way,  and  13, 500  in  money,  they  would 
build  the  road. 


CHAPTER  XXXVI. 

HIGHLAND  TOWNSHIP. 

rPHE  principal  -<  his  township  are  Marsh  Creek,  which  forms  a  part 

-L    of  us  eastern  boundary,  an  1  Li. He  Marsh  Creek, which  flows  into  the  par- 
lust  south  of  the  old  cemetery  on  the  hill.     There  are  many  small 
streams  found  throughout  this  township  which  now  by  many  a  dell  into  the  two 
creeks  named. 

pi  the  western  part  of  the  township  the  foot-hills  of  South  Mountain  rise  up 
as  if  to  hide  the  prou  1  Sugar.  Loaf  of  Hamiltonban  from  the  Eastern  traveler 
1  hroughout  the  township  are  hill  and  dale,  rivulet  and  creek,  fine  farms  good 
farm  buildings  and  comfortable  homes.  The  rockv  outcrops  are  greenish 
sandstone,  sandy  blue  -I,,!,..  red  shale,  trap,  argillaceous  sandstone  charged 
with  epidote.  ° 


284  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

ored,  and  m  leou,  o^±.      J-ne  lss        j        f  moneys  at 

tySS  SJS^jSK  Ksburg  ft  Gettysburg  Inroad  skirts  along 

the  northern  boundary  line  of  the  township  «Carroirs  Delight"  and 

The  greater  part  of  this  township  ^^J^iTS^  -any 

ton  in  September  and  June.  1739;  Ja^J^^\liU   Jacob  McClellan. 

s^Zd^^ 

who  located  in      V8^"3  l!££_L  years  after  the  snbject  was  first  agitated, 
land  were  settled  in  1802   Bfld     .  w .    years  a   e  j^  q{  ^  county 

ouTSSX^^J^g  «g  »*-£  irn^ot^e 

yaVThe  Armstrong  family  s,tti,,l  on  "Mount  Airy-  in  Cumberland  Township, 
now  the  Thomas  F.  Norris  property. 


CHURCH. 


The  Presbyterian  Church  of  Lower  M^eek  isi^n  HJ^ndTow^ip 
five  miles  from  Gettysburg    on  the  road  lead mg  ^ J^^-  I     ^ 

edifice  is  of  stone,  and  was  built  m  1790   but  the  »^J  h() 

of  which  cannot  be  ascertained)  is  much  older,      it  can   oe 


HIGH!  LND   TOWNSHIP.  285 

time  by  Dr  Martain.  In  L780  this  church  was  united  with  the  church  of 
'  »'  C^to  form  a  pastoral  charge.  In  178]  these  churches  called  Rev. 
Ma  hew  Woods,  who  declined  the  call.  In  1783  they  united  in  a  call  for  Dr 
McKnighl  at  asalarj  of  6180  and  a  gratuity  of  fifty  bushels  of  wheat,  from 
^congregation.  He  accepted  the  call,  and  was  installed  in  November  17s:; 
Dr  Mcknight  lived  on  a  farm  in  what  iscalled  "Carroll's  Tract,"  which  was 
culbyated  for  him  by  his  people.  He  was  dismissed  from  this  char-,.  ■„  Oc- 
tober,  i  789,  to  accept  a  call  to  I..-  co-past,  ,r  with  Dr.  Kegel's  in  New  v7,,k  Cltv 
After  a  vacancj  of  two  years  this  church  with  Tom's  Creek,  called  the  Rev 
William  Paxton,  a  licentiate  in  the  Presbytery  of  New  Castle.  H-  accepted 
he  eall.  and  was  ordained  and  installed  October  3,  L872.  after  four  rear  ,  (' 
toe  pastorate  the  union  between  this  church,  and  Torn'    i  ,,,,| 

and  Dr.  Paxton  continued  pastor  of  the   Marsh  Creek  Church  onh   fort   nine 

-.    Hl;  salary  was   6149   lis.    hi.     He  was  in  ins  eightj  6 
he  resigned  the  charge,  and  died  at  his  residence  in    Fairfield,  April  1G    1st:. 
The  next  pastor  was  Rev.    Dr.   Clark,  who  was  installed  in  June.   1843  '    Dur! 
nig  Dr.  Clark  a  pastorate  the  church  was  remodeled  to  ii  i  present  apnea,,. 
which  is  inore  modern  than  its  Bo  tyle.     Dr.   Clark  remained 

;'ha,'f  ':i'  resigned,   and  after  his  resignation   Marsh 

rchwas  muted  with  the  church  of  Great  Conowago  to  form  a  pas- 
toral  charge      These  chujehes^ called  Rev.  John  B.  Wai-ner  tobe  their  pastor 
He  was  mstelled  April-:;.  L8o8.     During  his  pastorate  the  battle  of  (iettvs 
burg  was  fought.     He  exposed  himself  to  great  .lane,,-  towitness  the  fight 
and  afterward  wrote  a  lecture  on  the  battle  which  was  well   received      He 
resigned,  and  the  relation  w  June   L2,  L867.     For  two  years  these 

churches  were  without  a  pastor,  during  which  time  they  had  suppL 

offS^\  ;"'•■  °    ",'   fcheD  Pro£essor  'm  Pennsyhania  College. 

On  the  3d  of  February,  1869,  a  call  was  made  oul  for  the  pr,  ,       ,    .  R?v. 

•  •   ?;  i^'py:,1''  P°n  hls  ll»"^  April   1.  L869,   but 

hi<  l-ttorlil      •'  f0ll"W'U-     This  ^tleman  is  now  in  the  eighteenth  year  of 

CEMETEKY. 

•  n^OWOrf^aiS;  '-Sander,'  "  burying  ground,  is  located  near  the 
uu':1;  "l  Littie  Marsh  Creeks  in  Highland  Township.  The  first 
'"V;                      -  ™  -and  the .names.of  the  Iged  people  whose  remainshe 

"     h"L^-  'S  imetery,"  together  with  the  dates 

of  death,  are  given  as  follows: 

John  Cunningham 177,;-   Mary  Reed  ,--. 

E!.>.n.h     .,,,,  ham.  ,  o        S;1,,  l!>a  x 

rc  :"  Sffi^ ;::•;  ^^rKnTr ■■■■■■■■■■■■] 

kC«nnin|ham -"""^      &£tiffi^—\-\Y\"$t 

:,  1767      Sarah  McKesson s'> 

:  .  i    :    '  "■ J848      Ebenezer  P.  McConneU .   .'  .'    V72 

SichaeTOey.:: f£.    Etf" l™ 

.-  "00      .Jehu   .Nchlnav ism 

SSS^aS"  ■      !?;  ^LEHc,7(h,cw,a)      ■":::.■;: 585 

fcSSi.  ::::::::::::  i£   I  ,;;,„";'  -*g 

Mary  Crughton 1770      t„,,„  .-  ,.„        1|4'' 

Barbara  Hoover...  Jill      '"       r     1837 

iv,,,   ,    ,,         j '   f"      .iniiii  Kerr 1770 

Frances  Alexander iTgn      m,....  Kl ,„.  ii'i 

BL.sssaAh"-te        i  IBM  ";i 

John  Crawford....  .  j:-        fe    K£[ 1T;'" 


286  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

John  Porter 1771  Edward  Hall 1775 

Hugh  Scott 1819  .lames  Maginley 1 702  - 

.lane  Scott 1813  Murzant  Maginley 1770 

rames  McClain L813  .lean  McGaughey 1773' 

M.  S.  [rough  head  stone] 1771  Jane  Waugh 1770 

William  Johnston 1858  Matt  Dill 1813* 

Robert  Slemons 1823  Martin  Hall 1852 

Rachel  (his  wife) 1801  Mary  Hall 1867 

Kobert  Slemons.  Jr 1863  Amy  Chamberlin 1*13 

Rachel  Slemons 1860  Lewis  Chamberlin 1835 

Rev.  John  Slemons 1773  Hannah  Coshm 1833 

James  Rulflon 1769  James  Bigham 1854 

Hugh  Scott 1844  Rev.  William  l'axton 1*45 

Margaret  McCleary  Scott 1789  James  Watson 1*70 

Jane  MeClean 17*5  Dr.  John  Paxton 1840 

William  MeClean 17*7  William  McCullough 1880 

Archibald  Murphy 1751  John  McCullough 1875 

Elizabeth  Withrow 1774  James  Thompson 1801 

Jeremiah  Lohry 1749  Sam  McCullough 1778  ^ 

Capt.  David  Wilson 1816'  Greggery McCullough 1749 

Thomas  Reed 1840  Margaret  McCullough 1752 

Mrs.  Grizzle  Peden 1843  Eliza 1821 

James  Marshall 1805  Jean  Steel 1769 

Andrew  Marshall 1*53  Arch  Boyd 1825 

Capt.  Samuel  White 1*69  James  Wilson 1845 

Rev.  Alexander  Dobbin 1809  Abram  Wilson 1*70 

Andrew  Weckert 1*71  Elijah  Seabrook 1*4* 

Samuel  Pardeu 1802  Sam  Witherow 1*3'.* 

Boberl  Linn 1772  Hugh  Culberton 1876 

Isaac  Robinson 1796  Benjamin  Heed 1828 

Robert  McGiusky 1799  Israel  Irwin 1871 

James  Agnew 1825  '  John  Irwin 1*22 

David  Agnew 1797  Rev.  David  Pfoutz 1*49 

James  Wilson 1776-  Christian  Shulley 1858 

James  Agnew 1770  Mrs.  Christian  Stoner 1846 

Rebecca  Agnew 1759  Barbara  Bennett 1866 

Abram  Agnew 1753  George  Dougherty 1861 

William  Lawden 1851       David  Stewart..  ." 1741 

David  Waugh 1816'  Jane  Stewart 1857 

Dr.  William  Patterson 18o6  James  Douglass 1818 

Francis  McGlaughlin 179*  John  Morrow 1811 

Abram  Scott 1834      Jeremiah  Morrow 1758 

Capt.  James  Scott 1806      Margaret  Morrow 1837 

Audrew  Hart 1775       Anne  Murphy 1*15 

Agnes  Quiett 1774      James  Cunningham 1857 

Tlie  Bushman  Cemetery,  near  the  line  of  Cumberland  Township,  holds  the 
remains  of  fourteen  pioneer  settlers. 


CHAPTER  XXXVII. 

HUNTINGTON  TOWNSHIP  AND  BOROUGH  OF  YORK  SPRINGS. 

THE  streams  of  this  township  are  Bermudian  Creek  and  Muddy  Run.  The 
former  forms  the  greater  part  of  its  western  boundary,  enters  on  a  south- 
eastern course  near  the  Kennedy  farm,  and  then  flows  in  a  tortuous  channel 
through  the  southern  part  of  the  township,  entering  Latimore  near  the  Sulphur 
Springs.  Numerous  small  streams  flow  into  the  Bermudian.  while  some  of 
the  feeders  of  Latimore  Creek  rise  here  and  flow  east  or  southeast. 


HUNTINGTON   TOWNSHIP.  287 

The  outcrops  of  Tyrone  are  also  found  in  Huntington  Township;  also. 
hornblende  rook,  magnetic  surface  ore,  weathered  orthofelsite  slate,  copper 
rook,  decomposed  crypto-crystalline,  orthofelsite,  ohlorite-schist,  orthofelsite 
porphyry,  quarteore  schist,  greenish  crystalline  schist  and  slate  rock,  micaceous 
ore,  trap,  green  chloritic  shale  limonite,  hematite  coarse  sandstone,  slate  rock, 
asbestos,  quartz,  Bpecular  iron  ore,  sandy  day  slate,  ore  slightly  magnetic! 
in  fact,  all  the  rooks  native  to  Latimore  show  themselves  in  Huntington.  In 
January,  Ism).  a  vein  of  magnetic  iron  ore  was  excavated  on  the  Leer  farm  a 
mile  and  three-quarters  northwest  of  York  Springs;  also,  on  the  farms  of  Peter 
Stephens,  Simpson,  Michael  Stambaugh  and  Adam  Laren.  The  Sulphur 
Springs  of  this  district  possess  strong  mineral  properties. 

1,1  ls:>'  Joseph  Smyser  employed  some  workmen  to  dig  a  well  on  his  farm 
about  three  miles  from  York,  hut  while  they  were  at  dinner  "the  bottom  fell 
out.  '  and  the  tools  sank  down  to  a  depth  never  discovered. 

In  is;,;,  the  wooden  bridge  over  Bermudian  Creek,  on  the  Gettysburg  and 
Harrisburg  road,  was  erected  bj  Jonas  Rouanzahn  for  $1,330.  Work  on  the 
Fork  Springs  branch  of  the  Harrisburg  &  Potomac  Railroad  was  begun  by 
contractor  Michael  McCabe  on  June  ■  ',.  L872. 

In  Huntington  Township,  in  ism,  the  retailers  of  foreign  merchandise, 
wines  and  liquors,  were  William  Gardner  and  Fahnestock  &  Bollinger.  James 
Neelj  «as  the  constable.  The  population  in  1800  was  1.147;  in  1810,  1,014; 
in  L820,  1,294  including  126  inhabitants  of  York  Springs  (Petersburg-  in 
1830,  1.2N4;  in  lslti.  1.4V2;  i„  1N50,  1.757  (11  colored),  including  350  in 
York  Springs  (Petersburg);  in  I860,  1,833;  in  L870,  1,951,  including  356  in 
3prings  Borough.  In  1880  the  population  of  the  township  was  1,642, 
and  of  York  Springs  378.  The  number  of  taxpayers  (1886)  is  520;  value  of 
real  estate.  $515,688;  number  of  horses,  etc.,  147;  number  of  cows,  etc.,  468; 
value  of  money  at  interest.  $44,267;  value  of  trades  and  professions  $12,765; 
number  of  pleasure  carnages,  150;  acres  of  timber  land,  1,772. 

The  assessment  of  the  township  was  made  in  December,  1798,  and  Janu- 
ary. 1  799,  by  Daniel  Funk,  Thomas  Neely  and  W.  Thompson,  and  a  tax  levy 
of  26  cents  per  $100  on  the  total  assessment,  si  17.:i52,made  by  George  Her- 
man an, 1  John  Weirman.  son  of  Henry  Weirman.  The  single  freeman  were 
taxed  $1  each.      The  letters  s.  m.  denote  single  free  men  on  the  following  list: 


John  Albert,  Sr. 


$91~  John  Burkolder $1,854 

John  Albert,  Jr.,  s.  m Thomas  Bonner 528 

John  Albert.    1,038  Robert  Bonner,  wheelwright '.  20 

Thomas  Brandon 8,409  Moses  Beats,  mason 548 

Eleazer  Brandon 1,790  Ebenezer  Brandon 76 

.hen,  .Brand,,,,. .  . 60  Joseph  Boots,  Cum.  co 500 

Peter  Bnder  (Warrington) 50  Wm.  Boots,  forgeman 69 

Michael  Bower,  weaver 656  Widow  Elizabeth  Boyles 9 

%?■  .      ,  ,';  or  I5eal 18  Isabella  Crafert 9 

MiehaelBpwer 69  Thomas  Cooper 714 

bolomon  Bower,  s.  m , 795  Robt.  Crawford "  "  27 

Abram  Bower,  tanner,  s.  m 1,257  Henry  Comfort 

Joseph   Boner,   tanner 60  John  Cox .....'.'.'." 816 

JobnBower 1,278  John  Collins 679 

Isaac  bower,  s.  m joun  Chronister,  weaver 660 

Henry  Bower 49  Jacob  Comley 1529 

Jacob  Bower,  mason Samuel  Comley,  s.  m 

Jonathan  Bower,  wagon-maker 828  Rev.  Campbell,  preacher  977 

f    ,'v 'L: 4;j"  Wm' (  x                ■■  1  m 

Caleb  Beas 1.501  JohnCobald 150 

Jacob  Beals 632  Wm.  Oishader,  weaver 450 

•''","''  Bender 1,037  John  Crawford,  s.  m 20 

John   Bonner...    897  Geo.  Davis,  blacksmith,  s.  m 25 

Templeton  Brandon,  s.  m Widow  Eliza  Deal....  1206 


liss 


HISTORY  UF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 


Joseph  Dodds,  Sr $774 

Joseph  Dodds,  Jr 465 

Isaac  Deardorfl 000 

Jacob  Deardorff's  heirs 910 

Elizabeth  DeardorfE 1,944 

Sarn'l  DeardorfE 59 

Jacob  Deardorfl,  s.  in 45 

Solvanis  Day 388 

ffm.  Dunlap  (Tyrone) 312 

David  Davis 

Evan  Davis 9 

Geo.  Essek 697 

James  Elliott,  s.  m 

Michael  Everhart 9 

Val.   Elliker 1,593 

Isaac  Everett,  Sr 728 

John  Everett 745 

Isaac  Everett,  Jr 54 

Abram  Pickes 1,494 

Jacob  Pickes 60 

Valentine  Fickes,  Jr 9 

Valentine  Fickes,  weaver 972 

Jacob  Flake 

Peter  Flake 511 

JohnFickles,  miller 2,3u4 

Wm.  Fickles 956 

John  Fickles,  s.  m 45 

Stephen  Foulk 1,443 

Dan.  Fleak,  blacksmith,  s.  m 50 

Val.   Fleak 536 

Barbarah  Fleak 508 

Philip  Fishill 9 

Daniel  Funk 2,496 

Wm.  Gardner 922 

Adam  Ganler,  s.  m 40 

Thomas  Grist 633 

Jacob  Grist,  weaver 389 

Peter  Groop 659 

Joseph  Grist 727 

David  Grist 550 

John  Gardner 374 

Isaac  Grist 208 

Vincint  Gribble,  fuller 79 

Philip  Groop,  Sr 527 

Philip  Groop,  Jr 543 

Geo.  Groop.  blacksmith,  s.  m 60 

Nicholas  Groop,  s.  m 

Edward  Hatton,  s.  m 1,274 

James  Hatton,  s.  m 

Henry  Hess 516 

lsaac'Hess 1,104 

Geo.  Herman 1,644 

John  How 18 

Geo.  Higas* 2,512 

Jacob  Higas,  s.  m 

John  Herman,  weaver 1,086 

Fred.   Hinkle,  cordwinder 58 

Christian  Hext i 1,134 

Andrew  Hartman 373 

John  Herman,  minor 

Andrew  Hersey 1,246 

Jacob  Hersey,  s.  m* 

Leonard  Hatton 1,076 

Jacob  Jones 719 

Henry  Jones,  s.  m 

Samuel  Kennedy,  s.  m.,  cordwinder.  60 

Fred.  King 96 

John  Long 400 


James  Love $1,080 

And.  Lowback 941 

John  Leave 1,068 

Robert  Long,  merchant 153 

Philip  Miller,  cordwinder 855 

Bartholomew  McCaffery,  nailer 40 

John  Myers 49 

Fred.  Myers 18 

David  Montorff,  schoolmaster 

Geo.  Minich,  blacksmith 54 

Henry  Montorff 722 

Peter  Musginung,  tavern 482 

Peter  Myers 1,553 

Philip  Myers 817 

Ludwick  Myers 1,460 

Henry  Myers  (Reading) 627 

Peter  Martin,  tailor 698 

John  Martin,  joiner 50 

Levi  Miller 625 

John  Montorff,  plasterer 100 

John  Montorff,  Sr 875 

Henry  Miller,  blacksmith 117 

Henry  Myers 54 

Michael  Myers 58 

John  Montorff,  Jr 109 

James  Moore,  Srf 713 

James  Moore,  Jr} 388 

James  Moorhead 957 

Edward  Moorehead,  blacksmith 66 

John  Moorhead 216 

John  Musselman 385 

John  Musselman 57 

Geo.  Myers,  cordwinder 208 

Arch.  McGraw,  Sr 2, 102 

Wm.  McGraw 205 

John  McGraw 2,215 

Arch.  McGraw,  s.  m 

Alex.  McCarter 30 

Conrad  Montorff 269 

Ludwig  Mull,  gunsmith 99 

MeCreary  for  Fleck's  land 100 

.1. .liia  Mitchell,  deceased 104 

John  Xeely 1,368 

Wm.  Neely 73S 

Thomas  Xeely 2,068 

Samuel  Neely.  s.  m 

John  .Nickle,  joiner 60 

Wm.  Nickle,  shoe-maker 54 

James  Nickle 565 

Arthur  Nickle.  carpenter 55 

Jacob  Phillips,  carpenter 69 

John  Proctor,  weaver.    199 

Richard  Pilkerton,  carpenter 153 

Vincent  Pilkerton 1,439 

Thomas  Pilkerton,  blacksmith 278 

John  Penrose 548 

Isaac  Person 577 

Thomas  Person 149 

Elias  Person "16 

John  Randies,  s.  m 

J.M.  Randies 18 

John  Ross 89 

Roof  Jacob 27 

J.  M.  Rogers,  weaver 39 

Geo.  Robinett L382 

James  Robinett,  s.  m 60 

Allen  Robinett. 1,116 

John  Ritter 9"& 


*Oiie  slave  of  no  value. 


|OwD  young  slaves. 


CrA  r//>/i  (44  Xj><TUj 


HI  NTINGTON    TOWNSHIP. 


291 


3m  oh  Raiser,  tailor 49 

Thomas  Robison ;;,j:i 

Leonard  Shimp 357 

Henry  Shriver 141 

Philip  Shafer 44 

Michael  Shinier 53 

-  rider,  tanner 1,505 

Jones  Sheetz,  weaver,  b.  m 40 

Anthony  Sheetz 9 

Joshua  Speakman 1,028 

Stephen  Speakman 358 

John  Shields 9 

John  Sanderson,  tailor 109 

Alexander  Sanderson 1,147 

Bamuel  Sanderson,  s.  m 

W'iilnw  Sarah  Sucks i;i;r, 

Burcharl  Wanna- s;,ii 

James  Willson 146 

James  Welsh 30 

LudwigWaliimire.of  CumberlandCo.  150 

Nicholas  Weaver 658 

Henry  Ziegler 1,088 

John  Ziegli  r,  Ir 79 

John  Ziegler,   Sr 1,378 

John  Snider,  tavern 468 

Peter  Snidi  r,  1  ooper,  s.  m 50 

'ih 1,135 

Samuel  Smith Y>-J9 

Wm   Smith ] 

son 427 

Adam  Smith 953 

Leonard  Sidcsingei 581 

Balthasar  Smith 3.86G 

Qeo  Smith,  miller 89 

Jacob  Smith 88 

657 


Peter  Studebaker.Jr., wagon-maker. .  80 

Mar\  Sadler 08] 

w  hi   Sadler,  batter,  3,  m 120 

John  Sadler,  Badler,  s.  m 80 

John  Snider,  tanner,  s.   m 40 

Jesse  Swisher,  fuller,  s.  in B29 

Thomas  Thornburgh B15 

Benj.  Tumbleson,  cordwinder 39 

Joseph  Tumbleson,  weaver 40 

Isaac  Towlin 9 

John  Trump 1,755 

Michael  Trump,  joiner [29 

Andrew  Thompson,  Squire 1,822 

Trimmer 1,195 

\\  m.  Thompson,  s.  m 769 

Moses  Vansysc,  mason 1,853 

Nicholas  Wierman,  Sr 1,808 

Henry  Wierman.  Sr 1,1110 

Joseph  Worley,  tanner 4:M 


1,207 


1,558 
199 


Nicholas  Wierman.  .Jr 
Wm.  Wierman,  s. 
1  [enry  Wierman,  - 

Wm.  Wierman.  Sr 

Wm.  Wierman,  Jr 

John  Wierman  of  Henry 1,204 

Nicholas  Wierman 401 

Robert  Wiley 1,622 

Win.  Wierman 1,032 

Philip  Wagoner 1,054 

Geo.   Willson 368 

Benj.  Wierman 860 

Wm.  Wisley 453 

Jacob  Waltenbarger 9 

.Michael  Wiean. 91 

Stephen  Wonder,  weaver 49- 

W'm.  Worley,  blacksmith 59 


Huntington  Township,  through  its  delegate  II.  Gardner,  voted  for  adoption 
of  the  school  law  of  L834,  in  the  convention  of  November  1.  L834  The  Stat. 
appropriated  1139.  15  and  the  tax  was  $135.28. 

Samuel  Brady,  bornat  Shippensburg,  Penn.,  inl758,  moved  to  this  township 
in  L770  with  his  parents;  five  years  later  joined  the  riflemen  in  defending  Bos- 
ton against  the  English;  was  appointed  lieutenantof  acompanyin  L776,  cap 
tain  in  1  i  79,  and  served  under  Gen.  BroadheadintheWest.  In'  L775or  1778, 
the  Indians,  under  Bald  Eagle,  murdered  his  brother  James,  and  early  in  1779 
murdered  his  father.  These  murders  wore  fully  avenged  by  the  captain  whose 
name  is  identified  with  many  places  in  Ohio  and  Pennsylvania. 

On  September  22,  1777,  Daniel  Shelly  of  Carlisle,  himself  a  prisoner  on 
charge  of  treason,  made  oath  before  John  Agnew  and  John  Creigh  thai  in 
April.  17,7.  Rev.  Mr.  Batwell,  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  of  Hunt- 
mgton;Dr.  Norris,  who  lived  near  Warrington  Meeting  house,  ami  one  McDon- 
ald of  Cumberland  County,  Penn.,  with  ether-.,  preached  in  favor  ofaidingthe 
English  and  conspired  to  destroy  the  United  Stat.-  posts  and  stores  at  Carlisle. 
York  and  Lancaster.  On  this  and  other  information  a  mittimus  was  sen!  to 
Maj.  James  MeCalmont  (or  McCammont)  signed  by  Justice  of  Peace  James 
Nailor,  ordering  -the  arrest  and  imprisonment  of  Batwell.  b£e  was  arrested 
September  24,  L777,  petitioned  for  release  from  York  County  jail  in  October, 
and  in  November,  177,.  was  removed  to  equally  safe  but  more  comfortable  quar- 
ters. John  Wilson  was  ordered  to  deliver  himself  to  a  justice  of  the  peace  by 
the  board  of  attainder  in  1  778. 

The  Gettysburg  A:  Harrisburg  Railroad  crosses  the  extreme  northwest  cor- 


292  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

ner    of    the   township.        The   postoflices    are   Yoik,    Sulphur    Springs    and 
Idaville. 

YORK    SULPHUR    SPRINGS. 

This  place,  located  within  one  mile  and  a  half  of  the  borough,  dates  back 
bo  17'. H),  when  explorers,  traveling  through  the  Jacob  Fickes  tract,  discovered 
several  deer-licks  leading  toward  the  place, and  ultimately  came  upon  the  springs. 
Buildings  were  erected  by  Robert  Long  and  Joseph  Worley,  grounds  were  laid 
off  and  the  locality  became  at  once  a  health  and  pleasure  resort.  In  1848 
Pennington  &  Baggs,  of  Baltimore,  with  Arnold  Gardner,  manager,  became  the 
owners,  from  whom  the  tract  passed  into  the  hands  of  Adam  Fisher. 

IDAVILLE. 

This  hamlet,  formerly  called  "  "Whitestown,"  lies  near  the  line  of  the  Gettys- 
burg &  Harrisburg  Railroad,  in  the  northwest  corner  of  the  township;  close  by 
there  is  a  mission  church,  of  the  United  Brethren  Association,  built  in  L859; 
an  Evangelical  Church,  built  in  1850,  and  cemetery  just  north.  In  August, 
1885,  Edwin  M.  Fosse  was  appointed  postmaster  here,  succeeding  Mr.  Cline. 


BOROUGH  OF  YORK  SPRINGS. 

The  borough  of  York  Springs  is  situate  on  the  eastern  line  of  Huntington 
Township  on  the  Carlisle  and  Hanover  road,  above  the  Sulphur  Springs,  on  a 
branch  of  Latimore  Creek.  The  village  was  platted  in  1800,  and  named  Pe- 
tersburg, in  honor  of  Peter  Thick,  whose  cabin  was  the  first  on  the  ground,  and 
whose  store  was  the  first  mercantile  venture. 

The  Hanover  and  Carlisle  pike  was  built  in  1810.  In  later  years  the  pro- 
posed railroad  from  New  Oxford  to  Dillsburg,  via  York  Springs,  was  surveyed 
by  Joseph  S.  Gitt,  and  all  the  grading  done  on  the  Dillsburg  end  to  York  Springs. 

The  number  of  tax  payers  in  York  Springs  Borough  (1880)  is  144;  value  of 
real  estate,  $106,547:  number  of  horses,  etc.,  59;  of  cows,  etc.,  31;  value  of 
moneys  at  interest.  103,182;  value  of  trades  and  professions.  $9,805;  number 
of  pleasure  carriages,  26;  of  gold  watches,  16;  of  acres  of  timber  land,  10. 
The  population  in  1880  was  378. 

The  village  of  York  Springs  was  incorporated  in  186S  and  organized  Janu- 
ary 8,  1869,  under  the  name  "York  Springs  Borough."  The  names  of  the 
burgesses  and  councilmen  elected  since  that  time  are  given  below: 

1869— J.  W.  Pearson;  J.  E.  Spangler,  J.  W.  Reitzell,  J.  L.  Worley,  H. 
J.  Myers,   T.  E.  Gardner. 

1870-71— John  D.  Becker;  H.  C.  Peters,  H.  A.  Shuler.  J.  L.  Worley,  W. 
A.  Fickel,  J.  Stephens,  Sr. 

1872— J.  W.  Pearson;  J.  L.  Worley,  T.  D.  Reed,  A.  Grove,  Adam  Grove,- 
Emanuel  Burg.  A.  B.  Dill. 

1873— Howard  J.  Myers;  H.  C.  Peters,  G.  A.  Peters,  A.  B.  Dill.  J.  L. 
WTorley,  W.  W.  Stewart,  J.  W.  Reitzell. 

1874— Howard  J.  Myers;  W.  W.  Stewart,  W.  F.  Sadler,  John  Wolford, 
D.  Keilholtz,  Jesse  Johns,  Abram  Grove. 

1875— John  Wolford;  Adam  Grove,  I.  Krall.  W.  W.  Stewart.  W.  F.  Sad- 
ler, Emanuel  Brough,  George  A.  Peters. 

1876— Henry  C.  Peters;  J.  L.  Worley,  G.  W.  Reed.  W.  W.  Stewart,  H. 
W.  Becker,  J.  F.  Cline,  Dr.  Pierson. 

1877— Henry  C.  Peters;  Abram  Trostel.  Dr.  D.  Miller,  W.  A.  Fickle.  W. 
F.    Sadler,  J.  T.  Myers,  R,  B.  Jacobs. 


HUNTINGTON    TOWNSHIP.  293 

1S7S  .],,!,,,  T.  Myers;  V.  Trostel,  John  W.  Lay,  T.  D  Reed,  J.  F.  Cline, 
Isaac  Krall.     Shuler,  Brooks  and  Moorhead.  a  tie  vote  in  1878. 

L879— Dr.  D.  Dillef ;  W.  A.  Fickel,  D.  Boopert,  C.  0.  Myers,  J,  E.  Spang 
]cr.   N".   I',  Griest,  S.  ( !] 

L880— A.  C.  Gardner;  T.  D.  Reed,  .1.  T.Myers,  Dr.  Pearson,  \\ '.  A  Fickel 
B.  A.  Myers,  W.  I'.  Sadler. 

L881— JohnT.  Myers;  J.  \V.  Reitzell,  15.  A.  Myers,  J.  G.  Lerew,  Dr.  Pear 
i.  .1.  Mank,  J.  E.  Spangler. 

L882— Dr.  D.  Diller;  H.  W.  Baker,  J.  G.  Lerew,  with  Zeigler,  Snowden 
Pearson  and  Spangler. 

L883— Jaob  Kline;  B.  A.  Myers,  J.  D.  Becker.  B.  W,  Zeigler,  J.  E. 
Spangler,  John  A.  Snowden,  Dr.  Pearson. 

L884— M.  M.  Adams;  Trostel  and  Deardorff  (tie), W.F.  Sadler,  B  W  Zig- 
ler,  J.  F.  Kline.  W.  W  .  Stewart,  B.  J.  Myers. 

1885     W.  A.  Fickel;  Noah  F.  Berah,  George  W.  Griest. 

Th lie  justices  elected  since   L869  areJohn  D.  Becker,  H.  W; 

Becker,  Cyrus  G.  Beals,  J.  Gardner,  John  E.  Spangler,  H.  C.  Peters,  Cyrus 
G.  Beals,  in  1881,  and  II.  C.  Peters. 

OHUBCHES. 

The  Presbyterian  Society  of  Torh  Springs  was  organized  by  Henry  R.  Wil- 
son, April  14.  1818,  and  Rev.  Hays  held  services  in  George  Smith's  barn; 
that  society  also  attended  at  Dillsburg.  About  1826  the  "Academy"  was 
built  and  then  Itev.  Wilson  preached  occasionally  until  Mr.  Quay  arrived 
In  L830  Rev.  A.  B.  Quay  came  here  to  reside,  and  the  same  year  a  church 
was  erected  mi  a  Lol  donated  by  James  McCosh,  for  church  and  cemetery  pur- 
poses. Rev.  Quay  was sucoeeded  in  L839  by  E.  McKinney,  and  he.  in  1841, 
by  J.  A.  .Murray.  John  Bonner  and  James  Bobinette  were  the  first  elders. 
The  Brandons,  McBrides,  Neelys,  Bighams,  Mary  Toland,  Jane  While.  Eliza 
Harper  and  Anne  Godfrey,  were  among  the  original  members.  The  pastors 
of  the  church,  since  Mr.  Murray's  time,  have  been  Revs.  Warner.  Paterson, 
Agnew,  Proctor,  Wilhelm,  Murray,  J.  Q.  A.  Fullerton  and  J.  P.  Barbour. 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  was  organized  herein  1844,  when  the 
circuit  was  established  oui  of  Gettysburg.  "In  September,  L 846,  the  corner 
stone  of  a  house  of  worship  was  placed  by  Rev.  Mr.  McClintock.  The  lot 
wasdonatedby  John  Sadler  Sr.,  and  William  R.  Sadler  presided  over  the 
building,  which  was  completed  August  1,  1847,  and  used  until  November  LO, 
L867,  when  the  present  house  was  completed  and  dedicated.  This  circuitcom- 
prises  Rock  Chapel,  Hunterstown,  Bendersville,  Wenksville  and  Pine  Grove, 
and  for  this  reason  are  given  the  names  of  the  pastors  who  have  served  here, 
up  to  the  time  of  completing  the  new  church:  Revs.  John  Stine  and  J.  W. 
Kelly,  L844;  D.  Bartman,  F.  S.  Boggs  and  J.  W.  Ewing,  1845-46;  James 
Brads,  W.  M.  Minigh,  L.  Etchison,  1847-48;  F.  Dyson,  W.  A.  McGee.  F.  S. 
Cassaday,  1849  50;  J.  It.  Switzer,  H.  W.  Bellman,  John  P.  Dean.  1851-52; 
James  K.  Dunbarrow.  1).  S.  Monroe.  IWi  ."U;  W.  Gvnn,  W.  A.  Snively,  R.  E. 
Wilson,  is-'.o  56;0.  Eye,  J.  ('.  Stevens,  G.  W.  Dunlap,  1857-58 ; G.  Berktruser, 
G.  W.  Heyd,  1859;  J.  W.  McKuhan,  J.  B.  Ackers,  I860;  J.  F.  Porter,  C.  K. 
.Sumwalt,  J.  A.  Dixon,  S.  A.  Crively,  L862;  J.  A.  Dixon,  G.  G.  Monroe, 
1863;  W.  G.  Ferguson,  James  Muller,  1864-65;  J.  M.  Clarke,  J.  W.  Feio-ht, 
t867. 

Rock  Chapel,  near  York  Springs,  was  the  first  Methodist  Church  built  in  the 
county,  havingl a  erected  between  1773  and  1770.  In  1827  the  first  quar- 
terly meeting  was  held  there,  with  John  Bear,  presiding  elder;  Samuel  Clark, 


21)4  HISTORV  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

preacher,  and  George  Hildt,  junior  preacher.  Prior  to  the  building  of  the 
church,  itinerant  preachers  visited  at  Philip  Group's  house,  a  half-mile  east  of 
the  church,  at  his  scythe  factory  where  the  Heikes'  woolen-mill  now  stands. 
In  L849  a  new  church  was  erected  here  by  Rev.  Mr.  Dyson. 

York  Springs  Chapel  of  the  United  Brethren  Association  may  be  said  to 
date  back  to  1859.  In  1875  the  society  purchased  the  Myers  Schoolhouse, 
fitted  it  up  as  a  house  of  worship,  and  to-day  it  forms  one  of  the  leading  socie- 
ties of  the  denomination  in  the  county. 

The  Dunkard  or  German  Baptist  Meeting-house  at  Trostel's  mill  is  one  of 
the  old  churches  of  the  society  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  county,  antedating 
Rev.  Adam  Brown's  church  at  Hampton.  Mr.  Brown  is  also  the  minister  of 
this  congregation.  . 

The  United  Brethren  Church,  near  Idaville,  is  a  modern  mission  of  the 
church  in  Adams  County,  as  related  in  the  sketch  of  Idaville. 

Huntington  Lutheran  Church  was  established  in  May  and  organized  on 
June  26.  1831.  The  first  elders  were  Jacob  Gardner,  Sr. ,  and  Christian  Pick- 
ing, with  Thomas,  John  and  William  Gardner,  deacons.  On  August  21.  1836, 
the  corner-stone  of  their  first  church  was  placed  by  the  two  elders  and  Henry 
Bittinger  and  Dr.  D.  Sheffer,  who  formed  the  building  committee;  Kev.  D. 
Gottwakl.  the  organizing  preacher,  presided.  The  church  lot  and  cemetery 
were  purchased  from  Jacob  Gardner,  Sr.  On  June  4,  1^37.  the  dedication 
took  place.  In  August.  ls;>s.  Dr.  Gottwald  retired.  Fiev.  C,  Weyle  came 
in  December,  1839;  Rev.  John  Clrich.  in  March,  1843;  Rev.  Jacob  Martin,  in 
1855;  Kev.  P.  Baby.  1859;  Rev.  D.  M.  Blackwelder,  1864;  then  S.  A.  R. 
Francis,  J.  B.  Anthony,  S.  A.  Hedges,  1ST2:  and  Kev.  J.  AY.  Breitenbach, 
1877. 

Christ  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  dates  back  t<>  1  756,  for  in  that  year 
Rev.  Thomas  Barton  arrived  here  from  England,  and  in  1758.  with  Revs.  Crad- 
dock,  Lischey  and  Kay.  entered  at  once  on  preaching  the  crusade  against  the 
French  and  the  duty  of  winning  over  the  Indians.*  About  1755  a  church  was 
erected  on  the  ••Glebe."  sixty  acres,  donated  by  the  Penns,  and  in  1765  a 
lottery  was  held  to  raise  £3.01)3  15s  to  repair  this  building.  About  L760 
Kev.  William  Thompson  took  charge,  and  he  was  succeeded  about  1772  by 
Daniel  Batwell.  of  whose  history  something  is  said  in  that  of  the  township. 
After  the  Revolution  the  church  was  visited  at  long  intervals  by  traveling 
preachers,  especially  Rev.  John  Andrews.  From  1784  to  1804  John  Campbell 
was  the  missionary;  then  came  George  Woodruff.  In  1823  came  Rev.  Charles 
Williams;  in  1826,  R,  D.  Hall;  in  1828,  John  Y.  E.  Thome,  and  in  1831.  J.  H 
Marsden.  The  old  dilapidated  building  was  taken  down  in  1S36,  and  only 
the  ancient  burial  ground  marks  its  site. 

Christ  Church  Chapel,  the  successor  of  ••Christ  Church,  Huntington."  was 
built  in  1836  on  a  lot  donated  by  Thomas  Stephens,  Sr. ,  during  the  pastorate 
of  Rev.  Marsden.  The  ministers  since  Dr.  Marsden' s  time  are  named  as  fol- 
low-: Freeman,  Lane.  Ed  Kennedy.  J.  H.  H.  Millett,  John  Reynolds.  H.  L. 
Phillips,  Kev.  A.  G.  Tortat  and  the  present  pastor. 

SCHOOLS. 

The  first  schoolhouse  was  erected  in  1797—98,  in  which  David  Montorff 
presided.  In  1826  Jacob  Gardner  and  Thomas  Stephens  donated  a  lot  for  a 
building  suited  to  school,  church  and  general  meeting  purposes,  and  the  same 
year  this  was  built  and  styled  the  "Petersburg  Academy."  The  Female  Sem- 
inary of  York  Springs  was  established  by  Miss  C.  J.  Reynolds,  in  1847.  The 
union  or  graded  school  building  was  erected  in  1856. 

*  Vide  letters  of  Peter  to  Stevenson,  May  3,  17r>S.    Colonial  Documents. 


BUNTINGTON   TOWN8HIP  295 


Hebron  Lodge,No.  W5,  F.  ,i  A.  If.,  was  organized  March  2]  L870  with 
11  C.  Peters,  Dr.  I.  W.  Pearson.  H.  A.  sh, ,.|,.r.  c.  <;.  r.,.,1,^.  ,|  i,  \\',„l,.v 
Jonathan  Miller,  F.  X.  W.  Bowers,  T.  E.  Gardner  andA.  K.  Myers,  charter 
members.  Che  first  six  members  named  have  served  as  Worshipful  Ma 
the  lodge,  also  C.  E.  Myers,  J.  I  Peters,  H.  P.  MarksandA  K  Myers  I 
L.  Worley  was  secretary  from  1870  to  1875,  and  also  in  L876  77-  .1  p' 
in   1875   76,  and  I.  W.  Pearson,  isTs  86.     There  are  forty  members' 

Porft  Springs  Lodge,  Vo  211,  1.  0.  < >.  /•'.,  was  organized  December  25 
|s"''-  with  H.  C.  Metcalf,  John  Lehman,  I.  W.  Pearson,  James  m' 
McGanghey  and  Jesse  Johns,  members.  The  Past  Ghrands  of  this  lod^e  num 
ber  seventy-three.  Dr.  I.  W.  Pearson  is  the  present  Noble  Grand  and  the 
onlj  survivor  of  all  the  charter  members.  John  F.  Peters  is  Secretary  The 
membership  I-  thirtj  three  and  value  of  property  $1,800.  Lincoln  Encamp- 
ment No.   142,  I.  ( >.  <  >.  I'.,  was  organized  here  some  years  ago. 

The   York-  Springs  Building  Association  was  organized  February  I     L868 
with  Henry  C.  Peters,  president. 

Fork  Springs  Soldier's  Relief  Society  was  organized  July  7  L862  with 
Mrs.  E.  B.  Ketttewell,  president,  and  .Miss  Alice  Myers,  secretan  imong 
the  active  members  were  Madames  J.  D.  Becker.  H.'  C.  Peters,  Jesse  Johns 
Jacob  Gardner,  Jr.,  Charles  Wharton,  Jr.,  Alexander  Eoser,  J  (i  Pfeiffer  j' 
A.  Zeigler,  Ahram  Zeigler,  C  Moul  and  Susan  E.  Neely.  The  young  ladies 
were  Misses  Ellen  Stewart,  S.  J.  Gardner,  M.  C.  Sheffer,  M  E  Hrteshew 
M.  Johns,  M.  D.  Myers,  Clara  Wolf ord,  Eelen  Deardorff,  Anna  Megan  Marv 
Sadler,  Margaret  Sadler.  Man  Brandon.  Mary  Metcalfe  and  Rebecca  Gardner. 

U  I  31  l.i. I  LNEODS. 

„., Iu.  1SP  th"1'"  were  four  membera  'iving  of  the  three  companies- 
White  s.  McMullen  s  and  Sturgeon's  who  marched  from  Adams  County  to 
the   Canadian    frontier    in    L814       Their  names  are  Maj.    ,laeoh  Sanders'    of 

Straban,  and  Daniel  Benner,  of  Straban  (since  ,1 ased);   Benjamin  Gardner 

YorkSprings,  David  Ziegler,  of  Whitestown,  now  Idaville.  Lieut  Bull  or 
Ball  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  British  at  Chippewa  Falls,  and  was  cut  up  and 
scalped;  Maj.  Calloway,  of  Gettysburg,  and  ('apt.  White  were  exchanged 
•when  the  Americans  promised  retaliation  for  all  murder.-. 

In  April.  1861,  LeanderW.  Welsh.  Francis  X.  Greaves.  Henry  V  Xavlor 
and  Augustus  A.  \\  elsh,  of  York  Springs,  Huntington  Township,  responded  to 

the  first  call  for  troop-,  and  were  mustered  in  with  Company  E,  Sec I  Reg 

iment  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry.  r' 

Daniel  Sheffer,  supposed  to  be  the  last  of  the  original  subscribers  to  the 
<  omptler  in  1818,  died  February  16,  1880,  at  York  Springs,  aged  about  ninetv 
seven  years. 

The  old  slave.  Patience  Hack  or  "old  Tacey,"  died  at  York  Springs 
November  1.  L858,  aged  about  one  hundred  years.  For  years  she  was  cared 
for  by  Thomas  Stephens'  family. 

BarlJ  tradesmen  and  manufacturers  of  this  settlement  and  township 
are  named  m  the  original  assessment  roll.  A  few,  however,  a  little  more  mod 
ern.  but  still  old.  are  noticed  here.  The  distillery,  grist  mill  and  savi  mill  of 
Samuel  White,  in  Huntington  Township  were  offered  for  sale  in  January 
1819.  The  Good  Intent  Woolen  Factory  operated  in  1S47  by  Jacob  A  Myers' 
on  Bermudian  Creek,  near  York  Springs,  was  a  large  industry.  Chestnut 
?7VeS  Vorks.  former!,  owned  by  J.  R.  Group  &  Co.,  were  "purchased  „, 
July,  1880,  by  Markley.  \\  eitzel,  Reck  &  Co. ,  of  Reading. 


296 


HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

CHAPTER  XXXVIII. 

LATIMORE  TOWNSHIP. 


rpHE  stream  of  Latunore  Township  -  ^an  <**J^%^ 
1  by  south  across  the  southern  part  of  the  tojjgV"  ^oUord  Farm.  west 
ntive  "stream,  which  ^^^l^Z^n  lynches  and  west  fork, 
0f  Mechanicsville.      This  creek,  with  its  two  noj  township.     Mud  Run 

°L?ns  the  entire  central  and  norther, ,  drstocts  ^^  ^  near  theline 
forms  the  southern  boundary  of  Latwrnwe.      ^Burp  i       *  ^^ 

of  Huntington  Township  «Jn™J^ff — s ^e  northern  part  of  the 
SSlt^eS  it  *«  South  Middleton  Township  „. 

CU^S^\SSPnerany  fertUe    but  ownig to  the ^g  = 
it  has  yielded  to  ^^n^^^J^bf  ^ 
shale,  arenaceous,  is  found  °^™^a^s' shal6)  three  miles  southeast  of 
of  Mechanicsvdle;  dolerite P^^f™^  southeast  of  York  Springs; 
York  Sprmgs;  q^rtzose  J»g™™ 'c™°  0 meratej  bogore  with  large  quartz; 

8™  pamed  syenite  tod  Mo.  «KdMe  «g£»*  4h()«stem 

The  Olid.  4  H.O.™  P*|  £•£  '^Ji  ,„  It  ,  covered  Jeode.  bridg. 

part  of  tee  tomsMp      Jo  1M3  John    » •"  ^  ,he  Benm.dmo 

S^oTte.  K  id°°E«,tV.i.  rotd,  .e.r  Bee™,.',  oMl,  ftr 

ills  ronTi^Ws^^if^-w).  m  » >.^  <" 

Joseph  Griest,    but  after  a  career  of  eighty-five  jeai^  u  ^^ 

1834,  voted  against  adoption  of  the  school  law  detached,  par- 

In  noticing  the  original  ^P^m^^  *  ^ 

ticularly  Huntington,  ^"^^XlSSTBo^ufia^  Moorheads, 
of  this  township  are  given.     Jhe  Albert^ow  Gardners,  Wiermans, 

^3££^S£&£££3!,  CW.  Ce^,  Be*  CM..- 


LAT1M0RE  TOWNSHIP. 


297 


iaters.  Days,  and  other  pioneer  oames  are  found  on  the  assessmenl   roll  oJ 
Huntington. 

The  roll  of  tax  payers  of  Latimore  in  1807  contains,  togetherwith  the  abovi 
names,  the  following  lis!  of  "taxables:" 


Jonathan  Asper.  freeman $40 

John  Blosser,  weaver 50 

Thomas  Bonner 1,816 

Henry  Baahong 3)000 

Botl  348 

Samuel  Comlj .  scl Imasb  t 3,548 

Francis  Coulson,  squire 768 

Coulson's  heirs 1  350 

Peter  Diehl 8,886 

Abram  Deardorff,  wheelwright 90 

William  1  t'Day,  blacksmith 1,418 

Sylvan  us  Day.  Jr.,  nailer 50 

Sylvanua  Day,  Sr :il  I 

Joseph  Donaldson,  carpenter 60 

[saac  Deardorff,  hotel* 8,890 

Widow  Catherine  Eleker 8,969 

Daniel  Pickes,  weaver 1,410 

Michael  Forner,  miller! i.::io 

Samuel   Fetter I.iliin 

William  Fickle 8,'830 

John  Frank,  carpenter 50 

Dan  Funk,  non-resident 108 

John  <  larrison,  Sr 3  794 

Amos  Garrison loo 

Josiah  Garrison,  wheelwright 160 

John  Garrison,  Jr.,  saddletree-maker  3,050 

Thomas  Godfrey,  miller  and  distiller  [,056 

William  Godfrey,  Sr.,  non-resident. .  3,000 

Fred  Hinkle,  corrlwainer 56 

Isaac  1 1  ass,  distiller 3,970 

Philip  Haines,  carpenter '  90 

Christian  Hoscht 8,430 

Davi    lohnston,  tailor 633 

John  John,  wheelwright 466 

John  John,  Jr..  wheelwright 60 

Martin  Etch,  blacksmith 70 

John  Knisely.  miller Ill) 

Jacob  Kinet,  cooper 960 

Samuel  Lobaugh.  weaver 70 

Andrew  Lobaugh,  hotel 5,939 

Peter  Lobaugh,  freeman 

Abram  Lobaugh,  schoolmaster 13 

Jacob  Lorin,  non-resident 334 

Ludwig  Movers 4,388 

Peter   'Martin 3,840 

William  Maginniss,  weaver 38 


George  Moyers,  miller $5,485 

Joseph  Mo\  ers , 

Stoffle  Mondy,  carpenter '  50 

Nimrod   Maxwell,    hotel  keeper  and 

deputj    postmaster,  also   mills 5. la.", 

Jacob  Misteler 3,386 

Thomas  McCreary,  non-resident 180 

Philip  .Movers,  n,,,,  resident 3,7o0 

James  ( >cker,  freeman 

Benjamin  Ocker,  miller )))  100 

John  Palmer,  cabinet-maker 80 

Richard  Puncker,  carpenter 60 

George  Pupp,  cordwinder 40 

Jacob  Phillips   1,700 

Eliaa  Pearson,  Sr..  non-resident '4511 

Isaac  Pearson,  non-resident 1,188 

Thomas  Pearson,  non-resident 367 

Jacob  Hoof,  cooper 2,448 

Abram  Rode,  blacksmith )     '  50 

■  I esse  [tussle,  wheelwright 100 

John  Rutter,  cooper. 1,489 

Michael  Ripperton,  nailer 945 

Joseph  Reynolds,  miller 60 

Michael  Shriver,  weaver 2,1110 

Samuel  Smith,  saw-mill .'  1)584 

Nicholas  Sicver.  cordwinder 50 

John  Studebaker 10 

Margaret  Shultz,  widow ..."      470 

Philip  Smith   971 

Henry  Smith,  freeman ))) 

George.  Gabriel  and  Emanuel  Smith, 

non-residents 5,740 

Stephen  Speakman,  non-resident. . . .      780 

John  Trump,  non-resident 3,750 

Chris  Trump,  wheelwright 60 

Widow  Eliza  Tudery 10 

Moses  Vansyoc,  mason 8,178 

Em  ah  Vansyoc,  cooper 60 

William  Wilson 10 

Conrad  Weaver )  1,96,5 

William  Wiesley,  non-resident l)l88 

John  Zeigler,  weaver 90 

Leonard    Zeigler 1,675 

Martin  Zeigler )      '  10 

Widow  Mary  Zeigler 610- 


The  total  assessed  valuation  was  $211,830.  on  which  a  tax  of  10  cents  per 
$100  was  levied.  The  greater  share  of  valuation  and  taxation  was  allotted  to 
the  families  named  before  the  list  as  among  the  old  residents  of  Huntington 
Township. 

In  1804  one  Lndwick  Fridley  sold  his  mill  on  Bermudian  Crook,  in  the 
Adams  County  portion  of  Warrington  Township,  to  Gabriel  Smith,  and  subse 
quently  to  Michael  Forner,  thus  making  a  second  sale  and  accepting  bonds  in 
each  case.     o„  June  1.   1804  Forner  cautioned  persons  against  buying  those 
bonds,  then  hold  by  Emanuel  Smith,  inn-keeper. 

•Mill  in  Maryland  Included,  - 

tMills  valued  at 


293  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

CHUBCHES    AND    CEMETERIES. 

Mount  Olivet  Reformed  Church  dates  back  to  March  1M.745 S  jhea^Ee, 

formed  and  Lutheran  congregation  "^InMLiSyaS; 

were  held  in  private  houses  until  April  15  1754  when  Jacob  l*  , 

Mr.  Eager  dedicated  Long  Green  Lnion  Church      ^  ™  ^churcU 

na  "  Lower  Bennudian      was  erected  on  ttie  site  oi  uon    <jifo  „-. 

iiiiiisa 

This  taiUto,  st»3s  *. ,.,  «*.  **-SSSa 
^trSS,^  «"»  "iSl  '1  1878,  wtan  Ik.  «Hia«~ 

187S  on  lands  donated  by  Col.  Bonner.      It  contains  twenty  -four   acres. 


MISCELLANEOUS 


The  old  postoffice.  known  as  Bermudian,  is  in  charge  of  EH.  Troupe 
William  Tount  is  postmaster  at  Latimore  postoffice.     See  Pait  III.  pp. 
118. 


CHAPTER  XXXIX. 

LIBERTY  TOWNSHIP. 


rpHE  streams  of  Liberty  Township  comprise  Miney  Branch  of  W. 'Creek 
which  enters  the  parent  stream  near  the  junction  of  the  fanneia  roau 
andEiSb^  Turnpike;  Tom  s  Creek,  which  flows  soufli  in he  center  of   he 


sons. 


wSffl^teifaaflr-' 


LIBERT?   TOWNSHIP.  301 

There  are  several  beautiful  valleys  such  as  Fountain  Dale,  on  Mine?  Branch 
Friend  ,  (  ^  |  ,,    ,    .  r,v,.k.  -,,„, -s  .,,,,  ,,,,.,,  ,,|m  g  ■• 

The  mountain*  are  Raven  Rock,  1,290  feet  above  the  Level  of  the  5S' 
Beards  mi  Haycock  Knob,  McKee's  Bill  and  Hamilton  Hill,  aorth  oMhe 
Hill  and  Rebil  arms,  all  forming  a  landscape  worth,  of  the  South  Mountain 
W,    rhereisastonein  Liberty  Township,  close  to  the  Maryland  HnTS 

",ia",::th"-h ''V'""""     The  [ndians  used  to  pound  their  nominy  i,    ? 

7'    n"1"""'  **?*■    ,l'li,;"-,>  ""-'  bave  been  a  famous  camping  ground  for  the 

I::;';::';;,;;;,;:''^ headfl wer ■• plent* in Eormer *-*  -'«w« 

The  Mason  and  Dixon  mile-stones  are    represented  by   seven  in  Liberty 
'"TI1'''^',  old  Savage  farm,  now  owned  by  Jacob  T op,  •'  ■ 

on .Judge  McDevitt's  fan,,    QOw  owned  I,    John   Donohue; ,'„  .       , 

Hornerfarm,  now  owned  bj  Benjamin  Keilholtz;  one  in  Adam  Tresler's  garden 

^a,h^T hT  '    tne  juncti f  Samuel    Martin's  and § Isaac 

Treelers  lands;  one  a.   the  corner  of  Jerome  Tresler's  and  Jaaob   mE 

^fds.  and  one  on  the  lands med  l,   Elias  Harbaugh.     TlL,  i        i  ,. 

^         wth      C°at80f  armB''i  o^^Waybrightfarm  below   ''Harped 
The    Bead-Light   Copper  Mine,  on  the   Emmittsburg  &  Waynesboro  Pike 

Eg?    '  '7"""""-;i'-:  and  other  mining  maehinerj  were  erected  in  SeptemS 

L884  an,l  copper  mining  in  the  county  first  assumed  a  perm! at  form 

^*™Wf£  Mont  Alto ^Furn, ,  May  19,  186\Ted  tonrn^a  large 

SScoal  M"UI";""'  md  th"  «>^equeni  destruction  of  thnber  and 

BranVofthf'r  Ki  ,T:''v    &    lr,.<"'""1'"1    a    covered  bridge   over   Miney 

Branch,  on  the  road  from  Nunemaker's  mill  to  Fairfield,  for  $1,190 

f     rhe  population  ol    Liberty    Township  in  L810  was    1  079'  535  males    I'd 

femi  ;■:■  ■  rl:ir- :u,,]  ,,:  free  «***  '»  1820, 1,027  i,;,i„.iin  -  h; 

and  4.-i  colored:  in    L830,    1,097;  in    1840    768-  i>,  is'Ti    ~  ■>    -    S       i 
I860    756  (? lored);in    ,s7(,   m%l'I:t^lndl2!8%^92%^ 

,i;,;:l;:"'"r;;-  e^rs  wis  297^1™ „r  iJ'JStwg&S  ",;,„,   ■ 

$26878  'vat;     f"  V7'    ""'  ,"f  "T*-*1"  -SS:  Vi'1""  "f  ""'«  SSJ 
,',,-  T  '"s  ;""'    Professions,   $8,105;   aumber  of  Pleasure  car 

the™  t    1W  ^       ''''r      1th6  to7D8lliP  ar"  k,ww"  "  Cochran'8  ^ct  on 

^fanth  century  there  « the  StZ!28,  SaSns^nd^rhole^ 

ti     ,     f    H        '  ,  ,ll"1l',,k"'':  ''""1   r°PP«rs  on  the  McKesson  Tract.      That  por- 

J?°of_toe  township  belonging  to  the    "Mi r  of  Maske,"    was  entered  1  v 

Alexander  McNair,  Jean  Gibson  and  George  Sypes  in  April  1711  \,  Ham 
£lbso\™  October,    L736;  Janes  ami  Hulh  Ferguson  in  September    174^ 

Benjamu,  McCormicl,  in  Octc ,   L736;   fcimES^f^SSd^^ 

April,  U41,  and  Samuel  Pedian  in  May   1741 

H.  McDevitt  delegate  from  Liberty  Township  in  the  convention  of  Novem- 
i   I-   iv.l.  voted  against  the  adoption  of  the  school  law 

Thorn"  McTrand  MiS^wT^lf88111^  in  ,SU1  >>>'  J'*»  borrow, 
whk-h  •  t  x  -  Matthias  Waybnght.  The  valuation  was  $122,483,  on 
Sgtun  °D  |100wa8Co^cted  by  Isaac   Moore  and   WilUam 


302 


HISTORY    OF    ADAMS  COUNTY. 


James  Agnew ••  .V074 

David  Agnew "'•" 

Widow  Martha  Agnew "" 

John  Agnew •  •  •. „o 

James  Agnew  and  Abram  Krise j» 

John  Adair .'n'.o 

Jonathan  Adgey.  .  . 

John  Adgey. 

Robert  Anna 

Hugh  Bighai 

William  Bigham. 


John  Herman,  cord  winder $<<> 

David  Howie i""' 

Valentine  Heffely.-- 
Jacob  Harbaugh. 


1,400 
1,621 


Thomas  Bigham,  distillery }.«» 

■»«■     1 1     l}«^c„,.,nan  1,-OJ 


Michael  Bosserm 


ss-j 


William  Bigham,  M.  C °°" 

T^ i  J       T>«r«n  .     _ "^ 


60 

36 

30 

1,266 


David  Bry 

Michael  Braner JJjJ 

John  Beard,  cooper 

Christy  Baker 143 

George  By ars .  0JJ 

Daniel  Boyle °^ 

Fred.  Bard 

Michael  McBranar 

Thomas  Bigham,  M.  C 

William  Buchanan..  .  . 

John  Bigham 

Robert  Cunningham 

James  Cochran 

Hugh  Christy 0 

Henry  Coy     

David  Cunningham 

Smith  Christy •••  •■•■•.;  ;.v 

Samuel  Caldwell,  saw-mill  and  distil- 
lery  

Alex.  Caldwell „fi1 

John  Clark* l-™\ 

Joseph  Clark,  blacksmith ij» 

Marshall  Christy j™ 

James  Caldwell lJ* 

Robert  Caldwell,  weaver «" 

William  Caldwell J>"' 

David  Clogstoue ••■•• 

William  Heed  for  Henry  Cowley 


s — ;;. 3,810 


594 


Stephen  Caldwell,  blacksmith 115 


92 

William  Hill!?"'.". 2-35* 

JohnHill ■••-, 64(> 

Martin  Hill  at  William  Hill  s 

John  Holliday,  fuller «» 

Christian  Keggence 


1,155 


Abram  Krise. 


750 


2,390 


160 
,267 


70 


John  Carpentei 

William  Cochran. . 

John  Carpenter,  Sr...  ■       Jj 

Peter  Carpenter •  •   ■  ■  •  • °'~ 

Arthur  Cloherty  at  Sam.  Pedmg  s. . . 

James  Clark ,fl 

John  Crowle.......  ■•■••• 

John  Cochran  at  R.  Scott  s 

Henrv  Crabbs .-  ■•  ■  •■  ■  ■  •, ' 

John  Cutshall  at  Col.  William  Reed  s 

John  Demon  at  Jacob  Heagy  s 

Joseph  Eckbart,  grist-mill 

Jacob  Eversole 

Valentine  Eversole gQ 

David  Echart ,_^ 

Benjamin  Elder '  , 

William  Ferguson.  .  .  ■••-■•  •  ••  • ,; •  ■  ■ 
Hans  Parley  at  James  McCreary  s. . . 

James  Fagan,  cord  winder 

Thomas  Gorleyi 

John  Gilliland  

Jacob  Heggy,  distiller 


2,354 
10 

1,008 


1.642 
562 


1.626 


Solomon  Kiphart,  saw  and  grist-mill  8,721 

Widow  Karr b71 

John  Karr  at  Widow  Karr  s 

Jacob  Kissioner ■ 

John  Lowmau  at  George  Lowman  s 

George  Lowman 

William  Bow 

William  Loudon 

Samuel  Loudon  at  William  Loudon  s 

Matthew  Longwell  (D.  Wilson) 1,578 

Thomas  McKee ■'*: 

John  McElroy •  •  ■•••••■  ■  •••  •   i-300 

John  McCulley,  school  teacher  at  the 

Bull-frog „ 

William  McShirrey,  weaver j» 

Barnabas  McShirrey »»■' 

Martin  Myars *\* 

Widow  Sarah  Moore ** 

John  Morrow ••  ■ :  ••  •  ••••  •    J-'f* 

Jacob  Mundorff,  saw  and  grist-mills.   1,314 

Isaac  Moore ••••■• \6i~ 

Isaac  Moore  for  Joseph  McGowesey.    1,166 

Uex.  McCracken d9> 

Patrick  Moouey  at  McCracken  s 

William  McKission \°£> 

Alexander  McKissiong M»> 

Patrick  Mooney *»{ 

Rossa   McGwire ™ 

William  McMillan 

JolmMcGinley 

Robert  McClive.  Jr.,  weaver. .  . . 

John  Martin -  ••■  ••••;  ■ 

Henry  Martin  at  John  Martin  s 

.lames  McCreary 

Thomas  McGurgan 

John  McGurgan ' 

Alexander  MeXair -  ^'f 

Samuel  McNair ™ 

Robert  McCreary,  joiner J» 

James  McKinley i-™" 

William  McKinley '"" 

William  Morrow »"» 

Philip  Nunnemaker "» 

10 


50 

37 

1,840 

1,330 
500 


Christian  Overholtzer. 

Peter  Oyler ■•■ 

William  Porter.  saw-mill||.. - 

Jeremiah  Porter[ "\ 

Richard  Porter 

John  Patterson ■   -\\ 

Hugh  Patterson  with  J.  Patterson. . . 

William  Patterson 

John  Peden  

Samuel  Peden l»?£jj 

Samuel  Peden .y, 

CharlesQuay luo" 


2,281 


1,806 

280 
1,264 
1,470 


LIBERTY  TOWNSHIP.  3O3 

RSlPJg1  Rf^olph $3,034  JohnSpear *7S, 

■'V'l'11.'1"!'1'"!''' 80  abrain$cott»l .?'-, 

ft"1,  "ir'l,r "  ThomasSpear ""4 

"""  R"bi6oi> 1.389  Jacob  StoAer,  grist-mil  1  ,S 

John  Rutter  it,  1;, , i„. ,■.<,,.,.        U-     ' '.: i.l-O 

BohnRamsev  ','s  S"si» art "'  William  Stuart's... 

umi;,,,,,    r, :,yii "s  widow  Thompson m 

WilhamReid,  two  mills- 4.346  James  Tudor. \2 

V'       r,,,,;m''   -I,:il1      Philip  Twinbough - 

ZmZ  &.:-.:::::::::::: ^  8aS Tl"""— »  wis^ta:    4> 

Plbderste    '   >:!;ili      haiah  While.' mi'li 'owner:.'.".'. 3  241 

':,lMl"lu     1,803      James  While,  saw-mill  iftM 

(VN'I1,:"I^,"::'-'-.-:   1.050      Samuel  Whitm«n  aWohn  Agnew's' '         'I 

aSrg8umnS,30In"     ■  "I:      ^'""ii'^^'"l^;"^Mi;i     ■     -       500 

1;,  i,..,,   0  .'■,     , ,  ;''"       phomas  Wilson,  mason 35 

■'     '  '',      1.748      Jacob  Wavbright 1  019 

i:;;;!;,»,,";;!:l;,t',„  :::.::::::     g   ™«»wM,„w,»dgi.v„m,:  Mft 

Widow  Stammers n;i  "67 

f!,,.(),1/la/Ku,1"";iI',h"  Mar>lai"1  ^e,  on  what  ia  known  as  the  old  Reed 
fa""'  ™fl  gameraiaM,  a  Swiss  family  (who  subsequently  Anglicized  their 
name  into  Carpenter),  settled  in  L765.  In  his  family  was  a  little  girl  nine 
years  old;  this  child  was  carried  off  by  two  Indians.  A  neighbor  heard  ho 
Indians  coming,  and.  hidingnear  the  trail,  recognized  the  little  girl,  but  could 
not  reseue  he,-  Pursnif  followed  but  resulted  in  nothing.  Ten  years  after 
the  whites  foughta  tabs  a<  Shamakin,  and  captured  from  them  a  yS  white 
woman  and  her  half-breed  boy;  she  was  brought  to  her  parents^nd^ubse 
gently  married  one  of  „„.  Loman  ,  Hw.  jf^.^    ?    ^  ?n  1826  at 

Adam  Rader's  house,  on  the  Overholtzer  fan,,  near  where  his  mother  was 
made  capfave.  She  died  al  ninety  years  of  age  on  her  husband's  farm  sold 
to  ■  a,n,s  N  dson,  and  by  him  to  the  Bollingers.  Two  of  her  daughters  mar- 
ried mto  the  Zimmerman  family:  one  married  John  Clark,  whoowned  McDev- 
ltt  s  mill,  and  a  fourth  married  John  Light,  from  Falling  Maters,  Va. 

CHTJRCHES,    CEMETERIES,   ETC. 

The  Reformed  Church  of  Liberty,  in  the  valley  between  Baven  Rook  and 
Haycock  Knob  was  budt  over  sixty  years  ago.  and  a  burial  ground  establish 
just  west  of  the  south  fork  of  Mmey  Creek 

The  new  Dunkard  (  'hurch  is  nnlike  the'  former  substantial  stone  building 

It  s  a  neat  fram  .house  on  fch ,-t  side  of  the  road  3outheast  from  the  brick 

schoolhouse,  which  stands  just  south  of  the  Reformed  Church 
Am*u?  tbet;;"u"h;'1' l"",1'"1  in  the°W  cemetery  were  the  following  old  resi- 
Sfi"  STtem'  IS  :''  P°ter  st"in-  1853;  Nancy  Stein,  L860;  Sufan  stein 
1855  RebeccaLeaser ,  1849 ;  Abram  Derr,  L855;  Elias Harbaugh,  1851;  Joseph 
Harbaugh,  -old,,-.  1863;  Catherine  Hafleigh,  1858;  Ham  Ferguson  L850- 
NancyShover  L834 ;  Jacob  Shover,  1872  Jacob  BarSgh  83?  Samuel 
Barkdoll   L838;  Magdalene  Harbaugh,  1824;  Mary  Gump,  !833;  John  |  .     I 

^htgSSn^t011'   kn°Wn  "  *°"Lib^  ^emen"  was  . 


"Slave   5'00. 

*+f>ne  slave,  valu* 
*  «»ne  slave,  valni 

t+Oue  slave,  vain 


304  HISTORY   OF  ADAMS   COUNTY. 

CHAPTER  XL. 

MENALLEN  TOWNSHIP. 

THE  streams  of  this  township  are  Conowago  Creek,  forming  a  part  of  the 
southern  boundary,  and  its  numerous  northern  feeders;  Opossum  Creek, 
rising  in  Bear  Mountain  and  flowing  north  by  east  to  Bendersville;  thence 
southeast,  and  Mountain  Creek  which  rises  in  the  western  foot  hills  of  Piney  Hill, 
flowing  northeast  into  Cumberland  County.  There  are  many  mountain 
streams  coursing  throughout  the  township,  bringing  a  wealth  of  water  to  the 
higher  lauds  and  affording  a  full  supply  in  all  seasons  to  the  settlers  in  the 
valleys. 

Piney  Hill  ranges  northeast  through  the  western  part  of  the  township;  Bear 
Mountain  holds  a  central  position;  Pine  Hill  is  on  the  Butler  Township  bor- 
der; Rattlesnake  Hill,  southwest  of  Bendersville  near  Flora  Dale;  Round  Top, 
just  north  of  Bendersville.  and  North  Hill,  east  of  Round  Top.  Mountains 
form  the  dividing  line  between  Menallen  and  the  southern  townships  of  Cum- 
berland County.      The  elevation  at  Bendersville  is  737  ('•   it. 

The  valleys  present  to  view  well  cultivated  farms,  substantial  farmhouses 
and  foot-hill  pasture  lands. 

The  outcrop  shows  micaceous  ore,  magnetic  ore  near  Bendersville;  sandy 
chlorite  schist,  orthofelsite  with  seams  of  quartz;  simple,  weathered,  mesozoic 
conglomerate;  decomposed  trap,  mica  schist,  chloritoid  rock,  mountain  creek 
rock,  limestone,  slate  in  varied  forms,  talcose  schist  (summit  of  South  Moun- 
tain), impure  limonite,  porphyry,  dolerite  sandstone  seamed  with  quartz;  ortho- 
Eelsite,  chlorite  schist,  argillaceous  sandstone,  purple  qnartzose  schist  (sum- 
mit of  Piney  Hill  I. 

In  March,  1870,  the  Dauphin  Coal  Company,  leased  the  farms  of  John 
Culling,  Henry  Eppelman  and  Cornelius  Bender  on  Opossum  Creek,  near 
Bendersville,  for  iron  and  coal  mining  purposes.  In  March,  1882,  F.  A.  As- 
per  opened  a  coal  vein  at  Eppelman' s  mill,  near  Bendersville.  This  was  lig- 
nite, an  inferior  coal. 

On  January  6,  1874,  Benjamin  Deardorff  cut  the  largest  white  pine  tree  in 
Menallen  Township,  north  of  Cole's  mill,  which  measured  four  feet  across  at 
the  stump,  and  gave  four  logs  aggregating  111  feet.  In  January,  1S73, 
sounds  like  the  cries  of  some  of  the  great  wild  beasts  in  distress,  were  heard  in 
the  valley  of  the  Conococheaque,  in  Menallen  Township.  In  July,  1871).  Mi- 
chael Orner  found  a  turtle  on  his  farm  in  this  township,  marked  "D.  \\\,  1790," 
and  many  marked  by  the  Orners  in  1832  and  1846. 

In  18-">4  Jonas  Rouanzahn  built  the  Opossum  Creek  wooden  bridge  on  the 
Gettysburg  and  Carlisle  road  for  $1,456.  In  1859  Francis  Cole  built  the 
wooden  bridge  at  Cole's  sawmill,  on  the  Conowago.  for  $699.  In  L808  a 
stoue  bridge  was  erected  by  Contractor  John  Murphy,  over  the  Conowago.  in 
Menallen  Township  at  Fehl's  mills.  The  length  was  fifty-two  feet,  three  arches; 
cost  $1,787.  .  This  bridge  was  replaced  by  a  wooden  structure  some  years  prior 
to  1870.  In  1870  an  iron  bridge  was  built  by  Samuel  Stouffer  over  Opossum 
Creek,  at  Eppelman's  mill,  for  $1,592. 

The  Gettysburg  and  Newville  road  was  laid  out  in  1829-30  by  J.  F.  McFar- 
lane,  J.    Stambaugh,  J.    Harper.  J.  M.  McKeehan,  J.  Cassatt  and  D.  Groove. 


MENALLEN   TOWNSHIP.  395 

One  of  the  means  adopted  Eor  running  the  line  straight,  was  to  make  ■  1 fire 

on  the  hill-  each  night  and  thus  mark  the  course. 

The  population  of  the  township  in  1800  was  1,285;  in    L810    I  510     759 
'"J'1"--   ':;:;  females,  13  slaves  and  24  free  colored;  in    L820,   1,855  'including 
»'   free  colored;  m   1830,  2,063;  in    1840,  2,273;  in  L850,   1,654  (71  colo 
1,1   UW°.  '•';s"  (49color    I);  in    1870,  1,814  (54  colored)  and  in    1880    2,016 
rhe  number  of  taxpayers  (1886)  is  674;  value  of  real  estate,   $436  619' 
l"""  |ero    horses,  etc.,   166;  Qiuuber  of  cows,  etc.,   I63;vahi 
™*'  »59.802;  value  of  trades  and  professions,  117,650;  aumber  of  carnages 
1WU;  of  gold  watches,  9;  of  silver  watches,  I;  of  acres  of  timberland    [0  372 
''"'  retailers  oi   foreign  merchandise,  wine  and  liquors  in    1824  wer,    Philip 
Long,  Simon    Backer,  Charles   F.  Keener,  Samuel  Wright,    William   Robson 
and  Jam-.  Bell.     The  only  dealer  in  merchandise  alone  was  • 
1  He  constable  making  the  returns  was  Jacob  Dottanny. 

s-    Wright,  delegate   from    VIenallen,    in  the  convention  of   November 
1    ,L  v"il  adoptingthc  common  school  system.     The  Si  ite  aDDi-o 

pnafaon  was  $237.33  and  the  tax  $229.74. 

From  the  beginnin  l6n1  in  this  part  of  the  county,  liberal  contri- 

butions of  men  and  money  were  made  to  the  country.      Washington  Mon  i 
and  D.  Stuart  McKnighi   were  the   firsi  soldiers  from  Bender 
thr  «*"  for  troops  made  in  April,  1861.     They  were  mustered  in  with  Com 
i;a"-v  K-  *"''"'" '  7olu]  '  7-     A   reference  to  the  genera]  history  will 

ojscoverl    1  E  many  of  the  early  soldiers  of  this  township 

The  Gettysburg  &   Harrisburg  Railroad  crosses  a  portion  of  the  eastern 

bmitsofthe  township     Tl. ffices  in  Menallen  are  Bendersville    Flora 

Dale,  Aspers  and  Wenks. 

The  tax  payers  of  this  township  in  1799,  which  then  comprised  a  part  of 
Butler  rownship,  are  named  as  follows,  with  the  trade  and  a-  essed  valuation 
given: 

John  Alert.  silversmith |240      Conrad  Blanck s|s, 

SS,:~~-::.v::.v::  §3  ifJt?s*S?* » *-"•■•••■:  ™ 

.'.v.:::':::;::::   A  fe™?:::::::::::::::  "£ 

I','1"1  ^hurn 226      John  Clark , 

rni-R      ,'"'";■■ -N      Thomas  Cochran 1  88 

V  :ui ",""""' -°      Thomas  Crenics ;;■■; 

E^af}ieTllck 28      Conrad  Dull .335 

SfflnSSii !':S  ^nryDaelorDoel,  colored      '.::::  Fs 

,'    , :.'■  '  "-!l 96  George  Crowl,  mason 

.'.   '■     '                      ■•• 7U  Fred.  Diehl 1  R48 

William  Boyd,  saw-mill  and  tavern..  672  Nicholas  Deitrick. .. .            [204 

"'''„  illlV'ly< '-  Baltzer  Deitrick .::.'.': 2192 

>•  ?r 195  Joseph  Davis....                     8 

James  Blakely,  Jr.,  saw-mil] 436  Charles  Delin  -,; 

atine  Berger,  weaver 438  Fred.  Eicholtz. . .               1782 

JwwbBanser.  joiner ;:,  Michael  Engelsberger... . ! 100 

ii    ,      ,-„■'.'.'• ,,  ■  V  ■  •.■: 882  Dewald  Pinstermarker 128 

MichaerBittinger.  blacksmith :,s  John  Feghner.  weaver        68 

Nicholas  Butmger.  grist-mill 1, Adam  Gise.  weuvtr ™  .WW 401 

Chnsuan  Bachmaii.  miller 81  Abraham  Gise.  cordwinder                ]  896 

George  Blanckley ;-,,  john  ,„,,,,  tavern  and  merchant.  108 


306 


HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 


Henry  Gessler,  cooper 

Joseph  Greffy 

John  Gibrath  (or  Galbraith) 

George  Gilbert 

Adam  Groshard,  saw-mill* 

Jacob  Greenmy er 

Samuel  Gilliland 

George  Hartzell,  Jr 

Abner  Hutten,  joiner 

William  Hutten 

Christian  Hostetter 

Thomas  Moms 

Joseph  lie  wit 

George  Hewitt 

Isaiah  Harr,  silk-maker 

Nathan   Hendricks,  saw-mill 

George  Huber 

Stephen  Hendricks 

Samuel  Harland 

Jacob  Holtzinger,  weaver 

George  Hukenloober 

James  Hamilton 

George  Hartzell 

George  Hammon 

Peterson  Hines 

Abel  John 

Joseph  John 

Apbrabim  Johnston,  single 

Jacob  Koock,  joiner 

John  Kennedy 

Peter  Keckler 

Abram  Keckler 

Francis  Knouse 

David  Knouse 

John  Kline 

Philip  Kuntz 

John  Kosen,  joiner 

Francis  Keum 

Christian  Lehman,  grist  and  saw-mills 

Jacob  Loop,  cordwinder 

John  Laughead  (Vanden  Crive) 

Peter  Latshaw 

George  Myers,  miller 

Michael  Ming,  blacksmith 

Jesse  Martin 

Nicholas  Mallen 

Francis  McNitt 

David  McCouneehy,  single 

David  MeConnechy,  Sr 

Archibald  MeGraw 

Samuel  Mukle 

Thomas  McCrail 

Elizabeth  McCrail 

Widow  Lydia  McCrail 

Thomas  McCashland,  merchant 

Jacob  Mills,  wagon-maker 

Robert  MeConnechy 

Elizabeth  McCleary 

Martin  Minder 

Henry  Montgomery,  single 

John  Mowrer,  weaver 

Samuel  MeConnechy,  Sr 

Owen  McCrail 

George  McCrail 

Robert  McClave 

Andrew  Nievel.  or  Newell,  owner  of 
two  saw-mills 


$25 

90 

2  224 

zjm 

636 

{.,754 

1.505 

1,136 

48 

1,128 

593 

514 

136 

1,192 

404 

1,556 

1,072 

1,052 

625 

:;s 

500 

1,359 

779 

80 

1.360 

114 

1.545 

123 

83 

28 

175 

2,164 

243 

450 

64 

528 

328 

1,182 

46 

33 

180 

71 

1.222 

48 

112 


1,578 
882 
•  8 
22s 
100 

1,554 
702 

2.195 

1,200 
656 
787 
584 

1,848 

656 

8 

108 

1,114 


Felix  Oma,  joiner 

Jacob  Oyler 

Able  Pittendorff,  cordwinder 

Adam  Plum,  blacksmith 

Henry  Petter 

William  Pullock 

John  Quickie,  wagon-maker 

George  Jacob  Rix,  owner  of  grist, 
saw  and  hemp-mills 

Daniel   Kix 

Daniel  Rix,  Sr 

John  Kix 

Henry  Rife 

Baltzer  Radisely 

m  ill  i  am  Rock 

William  Roberts,  weaver 

Henry  Stonehower 

Henry  Slaybaugh 

Paul  Sowers 

Mathias  Smyser,  owner  of  grist-mill 
and  saw-mill 

Peier  Slathower 

Peter  Btrasbach 

George  Slaybaugh 

William  Slaybaugh.  wagon-maker... 

John  Slosser,  tavern 

Peter  Slosser 

Matthias  Sahm 

Thomas  Selluks 

Henry  Snider 

Henry  Schmusser,  owner  of  grist- 
mill and  saw-mill 

Frederick  Stanchhower 

David  Stewart 

John  Stewart,  merchant 

Peter  Slaybaugh.  weaver 

The  Pine  Grove  Co 

David  Tutt.  blue  dyer 

Joseph  Taylor 

Johu  Wierman,  Sr 

Tobias  Where 

John  tVaganian 

John  Wright,  Jr 

Samuel  Wright,  tanner 

John  Wiretuarj.  Jr.,  saw-mill 

Joel  Wright,  saw-mill 

Thomas  Williams 

Christian  Wirt. 

Benjamin  Wilson 

George  Wilson 

Peter  Wirt,  cordwinder 

John  Wampler 

Fred.  Wolf 

Fred.  Warrant 

John  Wright,  Sr 

Daniel  Wightner 

Peter  Wagoner 

1'eier  Welkrauth 

Abraham  Wightner 

William  Wilson 

Adam  Waller 

William   Woodgate,  weaver 

Matthias  Walter 

Benjamin  Wright 

William  Yet 

Samuel  Young 

Jacob  Zigafoose 


$28 

836 

38 

-i  hi; 

1,376 
60 

114 

1,654 
1.166 

732 

ins 
1,100 
1.207 

392 
26 
36 

786 


1,675 

1,019 

424 

711? 

1,306 

1,218 

236 

252 

566 

506 

2.704 

1.290 

36 

1.097 

296 

1,525 

66 

328 

625 

36 

318 

6*4 

141 

300 

250 

108 

48 

572 

46 

48 

20 

100 

1.414 

1.587 

346 

186 

51 

1.045 

1.005 

2.762 

26 

747 

927 

956 

714 

36 


♦His  tax  was  decreased,  on-iug  to  his  Buffering  from  an  attack  of  palsy. 


MEN  \1  I.l  \    TOWNSHIP.  :i<>7 

The  total  valuation  was  $129,090,  and  the  tax  levy  30J  cents  per  $100. 

Robert  Alexander  ana  Benry  Snyder  were  the  collectors.     The  Bingle  o  re 

siding  in  the  township  in  I  799  were  taxed  sl  each,  viz. :   [saac  Eomes,    Lbram 

Diehl,  William  Deitrick,  William  Gilbrath,  William  Scott,   miliar;    I ard 

■II;  Anthony  Wagaman,  wagon  maker:  John  Ebert,  batter;  U)ram 
Davis,  miller;  John  Noel;  Jacob  Etex,  joiner;  John  Krum,  weaver;  F.  Caspar 
Krum.  weaver;  Charles  Stewart,  John  Stewart,  David  Stewart  and  Frederick 
Stonehower. 

David  Lewi-,,  the  robber,  was  born  al  Carlisle  in  1790,  enlisted  in  Capt. 
William  X.  Irvine's  Company  in  1807,  deserted,  was  tried  and  sentenced  to 
be  shot,  hut  his  mother  won  a  reprieve.  Then  going  to  Vermont  he  obtained 
a -tock  of  counterfeit  lull-,  ami  entered  on  the  " shovers "  work  in  Cumber- 
land and  Adams  Counties.  As  stated  by  William  Heller,  of  W'enksville.  he 
made  his  appearance  ai  Pine  Grove  in  Cumberland  County,  about  L813.  One 
Howard,  an  accomplice,  visited  the  place  six  weeks  later' and  won  the  confi- 
dence  of  Andrew  Bombaugh,  master  miner,  for  the  Furnace  Company.  The 
first  work  of  the  robbers  in  this  county  was  to  interest  some  well  known  old 
settlers  in  "shoving"  counterfeit  money  for  them.  Their  first  burglary  was  com- 
mitted at  David  Dull's  saw  mill  on  Mountain  Creek,  below  the  mouth  of  Tum- 
bling Run,  in  L813  or  1814,  which  was  then  operated  by  David  Warren. 

Jacob  Cook,  the  original  owner  of  the  Dr.  Mumma  farm  at  Bendersville, 
was  a  cabinet-maker.  About  1813  hi'  moved  to  East  Berlin,  where  he  kept  a 
tavern,  and  in  1^1  t  became  associated  with  the  robbers,  Lewis  Connelly,  Park- 
liurst  and  Howard.  David  Warren,  the  saw  miller  of  -Mountain  Creek!  made 
tin-  disc,. very  some  weeks  after  his  first  acquaintance  with  Cook.  It  appears 
that  Warren  called  hi-  brothers,  Kdwardand  Isaac,  and  John  Balsley  to  explore 
the  neighborhood  of  Tumbling  Run,  in  search  of  tin-  robber's  den;  but  they 
failed  to  find  it;  six  weeks  after  this.  [saac  Warren  discovered  the  cabin  near 
the  head  of  Little  Break.  A  few  days  later  old  Justice  Fickes,  who  for  years 
kept  the  York  Sulphur  Springs,  was  hunting  in  the  mountains  (he  lodged 
with  -lames  Dully  near  Wenksville).  and  also  discovered  the  robber's  den.  The 
next  day  Fickes,  Hellar,  James  Dully,  James  Dully,  Jr.,  Judge  Fickes  and 
John  Neoly  explored  the  neighborhood,  found  plenty  of  evidences  of  the  rob- 
ber's rendezvous,  but  no  money. 

James  Green  (colored)  was  hanged  April  15.  1853.  for  the  murder  of  Sam- 
uel Mars,  in  this  township.  April  1.  1852.  The  murder  of  William  Wills  oc- 
curred in  Menallen  Township,  at  the  close  of  November,  1870.  Martin  Car- 
baugh  was  charged  with  the  crime,  but  acquitted.  A  correspondent  to  the 
Star  (X.  V.i.  writing  in  1758.  states:  "On  May  21,  175S,  one  woman  and  five 
children  were  carried  off  from  '  Yellow  Breeches.'  "  He  alscstates:  "Richard 
Beard,  who  was  captivated  last  month  from  Marsh  Creek,  made  his  escape 
somewhere  near  the  Alleghany  Hills,  and  was  sick  near  his  father's,  at  Marsh 
Creek.  The  Indians  told  him  that  they  were  going  to  Philadelphia  to  arrange 
with  the  English  for  taking  scalps  of  the  French." 

In  August,  1885,  two  monuments  were  dedicated  in  Antrim  Township. 
Franklin  County,  to  the  memory  of  Enoch  Brown  and  his  ten  pupils,  who  were 
murdered  by  Indians  in  1  764 

George  H.  McCreary,  residing  near  Bendersville,  has  a  watch,  said  to  have 
been  made  in  Dublin.  Ireland,  in  1394,  and  brought  to  America  in  174s.  by 
John  Martin.  This  has  been  ever  since  in  the  possession  of  tin'  Martin  and 
McCreary  families.  In  February,  IS.-,'.),  a  boy,  from  the  neighborhood  of  Pine 
Grove,  was  lost  in  the  mountains.  The  people  searched  in  vain.  Some  days 
after  he  was  found  dead,  near  John  Beamer's,  on  the  old  Shippensburg  road. 


308  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

A  little  dog,  which  accompanied  him,  stood  sentinel  over  the  body.  The  sale 
of  Jacob  Kock's  land,  in  Menallen  Township,  together  with  saw-mill,  build- 
ings and  orchard,  was  advertised  in  L805. 

BENDERSVILLE. 

The  actual  settlement  of  the  tract  on  which  Bendersville  (formerly  called 
Wilsonville)  stands  dates  back  to  1811.  when  it  was  patented  to  John  Schlosser, 
by  the  State.  Three  \  ears  later  the  original  occupier  sold  his  patent  to  William 
Sadler,  and  in  1819  he  sold  to  Henry  Bender;  and  Henry,  Conrad,  Michael 
and  Jonn  Bender  founded  the  village  November  10,  1832.  In  this  year,  also, 
Jesse  M.  Hutton,  the  mail  earner,  delivered  letters  here:  and  about  this  time 
George  Wilson.  Sr. ,  was  appointed  postmaster.  About  1847  he  was  succeeded 
by  A.  T.  Wright.  In  1832  the  postoffice  was  called  Wilsonville,  and  the  sale  of 
stamps  for  the  year  ending  in  March,  1  V!4,  amounted  to  $22.61.  John  Burk- 
holder  is  now  postmaster.  John  Schlosser  kept  a  cabin  tavern  (the  iirst  building 
there)  prior  to  L799,  and  not  until  1834  was  there  anything  more  pretentious 
erected,  when  Peter  Studebaker  erected  one.  In  1830  C.  Myers  established  a 
regular  hotel,  with  office,  stables,  etc.  This  was  six  years  after  the  establish- 
ment of  the  Gettysburg  &  Xewville  Boad.  when  travel  warranted  such  an  en- 
terprise. The  completion  of  the  Gettysburg  &  Hanover  Railroad,  which 
passes  just  east  of  the  village,  has,  like  the  old  highway  of  1829-30,  given  an 
impulse  to  enterprise;  and  the  little  mountain  village  gives  promise  of  attain- 
ing tin'  position  which  its  rich  agricultural  surroundings  warrant. 


The  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church  of  Bendersville  was  established  October 
29,  1835,  with  the  following  members:  J.  A.  Jacobs.  H.  Thomas.  S.  Harris, 
William  Haim.  G.  Dellinger,  F.  Miller.  G.  Schaffer,  A.  Ettinger.  M.  E.  Pen- 
shalter,  Jacob  Bender.  J.  Thomas.  G.  Thomas.  J.  Zinn.  A.  Bender.  Isaac 
Cloeffaltes.  The  ministers  who  have  served  this  church  from  l*3r>  to  1S86  are 
named  as  follows:  John  Lieb,  Levi  Hummelshine.  J.  M.  Young,  J.  X.  Linger, 
E.  B.  Wilson,  S.  W.  Seibert,  S.  Aurand,  J.  Y.  Reede,  A.  Longsdorf.  J.  M. 
Price,  J.  A.  Irvine,  J.  M.  Longsdorf.  J.  P.  Yeager,  H.  S.  Bower,  Rev.  B.  F. 
Kelles,  H.  A.  Stoke,  P.  F.  Jarrett,  F.  S.  Vought,  H.  T.  Searl,  J.  L.  Miller. 
Prior  to  1857  services  were  held  in  the  old  Union  log  house,  but  on  May  31. 
that  year,  their  present  church  was  completed  at  a  cost  of  about  $3,000.  The 
number  of  members  is  410.  The  church  of  this  denomination  at  Idaville  was 
built  in  1850,  during  the  pastorate  of  Rev.  Daniel  Ivreamer.  at  a  cost  of  $1,600, 
and  that  at  Beamer's  in  1866,  at  a  cost  of  $1,100.  The  Idaville  Society 
worshiped  in  a  schoolhouse  for  some  years  before  their  church  was  erected. 
Originally  all  this  circuit  belonged  to  the  Gettysburg  charge. 

The  German  li<  forrm  d  and  Lutheran  Union  Cltm-ch  of  Bendersville  dates 
its  building  back  to  May  12,  1S45,  and  its  dedication  to  October  19,  1845, 
during  the  pastorates  of  Mr.  Ulrich,  Lutheran,  and  Mr.  Hoffmeier,  Reformed. 
Prior  to  1S4.">  worship  meetings  were  held  in  the  old  Methodist  Episcopal 
and  Evangelical  Union  Church. 

The  Lutheran  Society  of  Bendersville  was  organized  December  27,  1840, 
with  eleven  members  out  of  the  society  at  Wenksville.  by  Rev.  C.  Weyl.  with  Peter 
Bice  and  David  Meals,  elders.  The  membership  is  160.  The  church  was  set 
off  as  a  circuit  in  18S0,  as  related  in  the  history  of  the  church  at  Wenksville. 

The  Reformed  Society  was  organized  February  11.  1844,  by  Rev.  John  G. 
Fritchey.  with  John  Appleman,  Peter  Rice.  John  Tauser,  Henry  Cunn.  Thomas 


>« 


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pAL  '7p<3-C-t^>  C 


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MEN  U.LKN   TOWNSHIP.  ;>,[  | 

Snodgrass  and  eight  others,  members.  This  society  is  visited  once  a  monthby 
»  "  J"- ^ff*8-  "f  Arendtsville,  but  claims  only  the  name  of  an  organization 
Tlu  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Bendersville  dates  back  to  the  thirties 
when  services  were  held  in  the  "Yellow  Bouse"  on  the  Bunterstown  road 
U>  Mv-  L-enhart,  until  1839  tO,  when  the  Dnion  Cabin  Church  was  opened 
'''■  Centenary  Methodist  Church  of  Bendersville  was  completed  and  dedi 
\"'il'"1  s®Ptember  8,  1867.  The  building  committee  comprised  John  Buri 
h°lder-  Samuel  Bender,  S.  Heals,  A.  J.  Bender  and  M.  A.  Eldin  li  is  said 
thai  Bendersville  was  once  established  as  a  circuit ;  but  ii  has  been  generally 
an  appointment  of  fork  Springs. 

,     n'\    UountTabt  h,  of  the  United  Brethren,  three  miles  north  of  Ben- 

dersville, was  dedicated  January  L2,   L862. 

The  Methodist   Episcopal  Church  a(    Pine  Grove  Furnace,  was  completed 
and  dedicated  I  tetober  23,  1870. 

SI  'CIETIES. 

MenaUen  Agricultural  Society  was  organized  in  February,  1860,  with  John 
Burkholder,  president,  and  F.  W.  Cook,  secretary. 

Pab-orusof  Husbandry.— This  grange  was  organized  at  Bendersville  Feb 
niarv...  L8/4,  with  John  Wickersham,  M;  G.  W.  Wilson,  O.;  Amos  Griesf 
u  ■  H"''m  Griest,  B.j  Adam  Burkholder,  secretary;  Mrs.  William  Walhav 
(  eres,  and  others.  J' 

7'/-.    Menallen  Agricultural  Club  was  organized  March  15,  1879,  with  the 
following  members:  Cyrus  s.  Griest,  Hiram  Griest,  Charles  J.  Tyson    bnosW 
Griest,  Israel  Garretson,  Andrew  J.  Koser,  Henry  Koser,  Josiah  Griest,  A.  I 
Weidner  and  Samuel  H.  Harris.      Israel  Garrettson  was  first  president,  and  \ 
\\ .  Gnest,  first  secretary. 

,      M™^ten  BuMing  Association  was  organized  at  Bendersville  in  Septem- 
ber, laoo,  with  Jonas  Rouanzahn,  president. 

Montana  Lodge,  No.  653,  l.  0,  0.  F. ,  organized  some  years  ago,  is  the  only 
secret  societj  at  Bendersville. 


II  I  'l;  \     DALE. 


This  is  a  very  old  settlement  with  a  new  name,  an  adaptation  of  Fountain 
Date,  m  Hamiltonban  Township,  and  equally  appropriate.  A  referenee  to  the 
"n-,llial  assessment  of  MenaUen  Township  points  out  the  names  of  the  old 
M'n'"rs  "'  tln^  ae]  ;      Here,   in   later  rears,   the  Smith  family,  now 

regents  ot  Florida,  settled,  and  many,  whose  names  have  b i  identified  with 

,,i"'  PTOg™ss  oi  the  county,  found  a  home  in  the  wilderness  here  during  the 
last  century,  and  with   their  children  converted  the  district  into  a  veritable 
flora  dale.      In     861  a  postoffice  was  established,  with  Elijah  Wright    post 
master.     In  18/8  his  widov.  succeeded  in  charge. 

Menallen  Meeting  house  of  the  Societj  of  Friends,  dates  its  foundation  here 
'•  W88,when  the  old  church  at  Friend's  Grove,  in  the  rear  of  the  present 
JUunkard  church  oi  Butler  Township,  was  abandoned.  The  old  double-log 
friends  Meeting-house  of  1 838,  was  removed  in  1884,  to  give  place  to  the  pres 
ent  brick  house.  The  log  house  stood  just  in  front  of  the  present  buildings 
just  north  of  the,,-  new  cemetery  opened  in  1853.  The  society's  old  cemetery 
m  .Butler  Township  at  Friends'  Grove,  contains  a  number  of 'headstones  still. 

WKNKS\  H.LE. 

This  ultramontane  village,  west  of  Bendersville,  approached  through  the 
picturesque  valley  of  1  pper  Opossum  Creek  from  the  latter  place,  orthe  equally 
picturesque  mountain  roa  1  from  Arendtsville,  or  the  weird,  rom  mtic  road  from 
.Buchanan  A  alley,  is  only  great  in  it-  approaches.     The  country  round  Weuks- 


312  UISTOKV   OF   ADAMS  COUNTY. 

ville  is  called  Broad  Valley.  Here,  in  May,  1879,  the  only  manufacturing  indus- 
try, the  Schlosser  Steam  Saw-mill,  was  destroyed  by  fire. 

The  mail  route  between  York  Springs  and  Wenksville,  via  Idaville,  was  es- 
tablished in  March,  1808.  Wenks  postoffice  was  established  in  May,  1868, 
with  William  S.  Cart,  postmaster. 

The  Lutheran  and  Methodist  Union  Church  at  Wenksville  was  dedicated 
December  25,  1872,  by  Revs.  Clark  and  Dixon,  Methodist  Episcopal  ministers, 
and  M.  Snyder  and  J.  F.  Probst,  Lutheran  ministers.     The  building  cost  SI, 600. 

The  Lutheran  Society  of  Wenksville  was  organized  March  5,  1836,  at  Pisel's 
schoolhouse  (afterward  known  as  Wenks'  School,  near  the  site  of  the  present 
brick  Union  building),  with  thirty-one  members.  Rev.  Daniel  Gottwalt,  David 
Meals,  John  Weigle,  George  Black  and  Jacob  B.  Meals  may  be  named  among 
its  founders.  In  1840  the  new  Lutheran  society  of  Beudersville  drew  off  the 
majority  of  the  members,  and  this  society  existed  in  a  genii-disorganized  condi- 
tion until  1878,  when  Rev.  M.  Snyder  reorganized  it.  In  1880  it  was  made 
an  appointment  of  Beudersville,  and  so  continues.  From  1841  to  1878  preach- 
ers from  the  theological  seminary  and  from  the  neighboring  churches  visited 
the  locality,  until  Beudersville  Circuit  was  formed  in  1880,  with  Rev.  \V.  L. 
Heisler  in  charge.      Rev.  G.  W.  McSherry  is  the  present  preacher. 

The  Methodist  Society  of  Wenksville  is  contemporary  with  the  Lutheran,  al- 
though no  regular  organization  existed  until  1872.  when  this  denomination  in- 
itiated the  work  of  church- building  here. 


CHAPTER  XLI. 

MOUNTJOY  TOWNSHIP. 

THE  streams  of  this  township  are  Rock  Creek,  which  forms  its  western 
line;  Alloway's  Creek,  separating  it  from  Germany:  Two  Taverns'  Run, 
White  Run,  Plum  Run  and  other  small  streams  flowing  westward  into  Rock 
Creek,  and  six  or  seven  rivulets  into  Alloway's  Creek.  All  flow  south  from  the 
watershed  to  swell  the  rivers  of  Maryland.  The  surface  rolls  heavily  in  parts; 
but  as  a  whole  the  township  may  be  classed  as  a  level  country.  The  altitude 
at  Two  Taverns  is  428  feet  above  Atlantic  level.  The  outcrops  are  blue  mud 
rock,  bluish  sandstone  and  copper  rock,  reddish  sandstone,  on  Baltimore  road, 
argillaceous  red  sandstone,  laminated  red  sandstone,  fine-grained  yellowish 
green  sandstone,  laminated  greenish  sandy  shale,  fine-grained  argillaceous  red- 
dish sandstone  (near  Two  Taverns). 

In  1872  and  in  1874  Spanish  silver  dollars  were  found  on  the  Ephraini 
Fiscel  farm.  In  1841  John  Camp  erected  a  covered  wooden  bridge  across 
Rock  Creek,  at  Horner's  mill  on  the  Taueytown  road,  for  $2,000.  In  1871 
a  flood  swept  this  away,  and  a  new  one  was  built  the  same  year. 

The  number  of  tax  payers  (1886)  is  348;  value  of  real  estate,  S466,812; 
number  of  horses,  etc.,  419;  of  cows,  etc.,  534;  value  of  moneys  at  interest, 
$54,614;  of  trades  and  professions,  $0. 545;  number  of  pleasure  carriages,  183; 
acres  of  timber  land,  1,791.  The  population  in  1800  was  663;  in  1810, 
700;  in  1820,  935,  including  22  free  colored;  in  1830,  991;  in  1840,  1,032; 
in  1850,  1,098(3  colored);  in   1860,  1,111   (6  colored):  in  1870,  1,172,  and  in 


MOl'XTJoy   TOWNSHIP. 


313 


1880,  1,296   The  entries  of  land  made  prior  to  L742,  in  Mountjoj  Township,  were 
ows:  William  Smith,  April,  L739;  Robert   Linn,  April,  1740;  Adam  Linn, 
.May.  L741;   Etoberl  WcKenny,  May.   L740;   William  McKenny,  Lpril    1711   and 
Gabriel  McAllister,  April.   1711. 

The  total  assessed  valuation  of  the  township  in    L799  was  $95,562,  taxed 
ii  the  rate  of   27  cents  on  $100.     Samuel  Hunter,  assisted  In    James  Mcll 
henny  and  William  Houghtelin,  made  the  assessment.     Samuel   Hunter  and 
David  Horner  collected  the  tax, 


John  Adair -  |  086 

William  Adair | . .", : t  j 

Samuel  Adair 1,087 

William  Agnew 624 

Andrus  Ashbaugh 764 

Francis  Allison 1,343 

Itoberl  Black*  (died  in  1799) 72ii 

Jnmes  Black 1,9(>0 

dried   Black 112 

Adam  Black 51 

John  Bower,  owner  of  a  grist  mill  of 

two  biilirs ...   3,234 

James  Barr , 1*232 

I  Bingham 

Peter  Bercan 846 

John  Bear 44_> 

Joel  Bowman 127 

Peter  Baumgartner 959 

John  Cross,  grist-mill 1,280 

Isaac  Darbry,  Sr B46 

Isaac  Darbry,  ,Ir 522 

Samuel  Davidall ;mi_> 

Abram  Davidall 38 

John  Davidall 590 

Jacob  Diehl 1,770 

John  Freet '  jo 

John  Forney 217 

Henry  Forney '.     970 

Henry  Forney.  Jr 37 

Justice  Ferdno 936 

Michael  Fry  or  Frev '.'.'      795 

Conrad  Frezer,  tavern  30 

William  Gibson 514 

George  I  Ireen 2115 

William  Guinn 625 

Andrew  Guinn 64 

Hugh  Guinn :;n 

George  Heagy,  blacksmith 932 

John  Heagy,  Sr 1,704 

David  Horner  f 3,915 

Alander  Hunter L806 

Robert  Hutchison 816 

Francisco  Helm,  Sr [[      708 

Joseph  Hunter 1, 1  HI 

Samuel  Hunter \\     '714 

Alexander  Horner 1,976 

David  Horner.  Jr 878 

William  Houghtelin 984 

Isaac  Hulick 1,064 

Winder  Hulwick '98I 

John  Heagy,  Jr '      170 

Jacob  Klutz \     470 

Barny  Kerr 8 

Samuel  Little .".'.'..'  8 

Thomas  Larimore,  Sr 796 

Thomas  Larimore,  Jr 730 

John   Little 700 

Henry  Little ]  i,265 


Adam  Little sa; 

Andrew  Little 1,224 

Abram   Leightewaller 1,882 

Samuel  Linn IJ804 

Daniel  Long '     '  04 

Baltzer  Lower jms 

Robert  McKinney   0,000 

James  Mcllhenny i.-'Ul 

Samuel  Mcllhenny tuiti 

Jesse  McAllister  \ 2,947 

William  Mcllhenny  L200 

John  Miller,    Jr.  .  ." 8 

Thomas  McKeon 414 

Samuel  McKeon 100 

\i.  liolas  Miller,  .sawmill 1,040 

Nicholas  Mark,  saw-mill 993 

James  McAllister 1,111 

John  McKillopp 003 

Mosico  Mclvain 620 

Robert  Mclnlyre,  weaver 24 

Jacob  i  >cher. 37(j 

"Widow  Penter 822 

Isaac  Paxton 1,207 

Adam  Rohrbaugh '41,8 

Isaac  Roberson. 853 

Joseph  Riffle 1,011 

Samuel  Smith l',676 

John  Smart    '936 

Michael  Sower,  weaver Hoc, 

Josepn  Stocksleger 1,384 

John  Shrider 104 

James  Stewart 1,029 

Frederick  Stoner IJ004 

Michael  8 toltz 1,292 

William  Stoltz '  80 

Robert  Stewart 734 

James  Stewart 50 

Peter  Snider 209 

Joseph  Stealy 550 

Nicholas  Sheely  854 

Jacob  Sheely 56 

George  Shultz 388 

I  leot  ge  Slurry 1,116 

•lames   Si     (   lair ]  OOU 

Peter  Sell 1,274 

Jacob  Sell  840 

George  Slonecker 36 

Robert  Sturgeon,  weaver 18 

Adam  Sell 41 

Widow  Slentz 230 

Tobias  Starry 46 

Orbin  Tance 373 

Jacob  Wurtz 992 

Robert  Wilson 1,462 

Charles  Wilson L746 

Robert  Young 996 

Widow  Yother 1,110 


♦Including  saw-mill  and  one  grist-mill  of  two  buhrs.  fTwo  slaves,  value  8100  each.  {One  slave  valu 


314  HISTORY   OF   ADAMS   COUNTY. 

The  single  men  of  the  township  in  1799  were  John  Adair,  Andrew  Ash- 
baugh,  Jacob  Barnhart,  Peter  Forney,  Andrew  Horner,  Francis  Helm,  Jacob 
Helm,  James  Hunter,  William  Moore  Archibald  McKillopp,  Samuel  McKeon 
or  McCune,  Henry  Stoltz,  Robert  Young,  William  Vance  and  Ludwick  Miller. 
Each  of  these  young  men  had  to  pay  £1  in  addition  to  taxes  on  any  property 
he  may  have  held. 

Mountjoy  Township,  from  the  earliest  times,  has  been  always  identified 
with  the  military  affairs  of  the  county.  The  early  Revolutionary  enterprises  of 
the  settlers  are  referred  to  in  the  history  of  the  county.  Daniel  Benner,  Sr. , 
of  this  township,  who  died  in  February,  L882,  was  one  of  the  last  three  sur- 
vivors of  the  three  companies  who  marched  from  this  county  to  the  Canadian 
frontier  in  1814.  Peter  Smith,  of  Mountpleasant,  and  Michael  Lauver.  of 
Fairfield,  are  the  other  two.  William  F.  Baker  was  the  only  resident  of 
Mountjoy  Township  who  responded  to  the  first  call  for  troops  in  April,  1861. 
He  was  mustered  into  Company  E,  Second  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteer 
Infantry.  The  Mountjoy  Rangers  (cavalry)  was  the  first  company  organized 
for  the  war  in  the  township,  with  Capt.  Horner,  commander. 


Mark's  German  Reformed  ( 'hurch  of  Mountjoy  Township  was  erected  in  1789 
during  the  pastorate  of  Rev.  George  Troldenier.  The  original  members  were 
John  Tawney,  Samuel  Fry,  David  Little,  George  Heagy,  Nicholas  Marks,  John 
Mayer.  Francis  Stallsmith,  Michael  Hoke.  Peter  Moritz,  Daniel  Heck,  Andrew 
Little,  Philip  Schlentz,  George  Fehl.  Andrew  Eschbaeh,  Michael  Moritz,  John 
Heagy,  Samuel  Huff,  John  Troxell,  Jacob  Klein,  Jacob  Baumgartner,  Jacob 
Wirth,  Adam  Tawney,  John  Miller,  John  Rohrbach.  Michael  Frey,  Justus  Frot- 
anaut,  Henry  Fourer.  Jacob  Troxel.  The  first  baptism  was  that  of  Samuel 
Bernheisel.  November  .">,   1789. 

Grace  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church,  Two  Taverns,  was  organized  in  1876 
with  the  following  named  members:  Michael  Schwartz,  George  Hoffman. 
Baltzer  Snyder,  D.  Wilson,  Samuel  Schwarta,  Em.  Rudisill,  J.  Shanebrough, 
John  May.  George  Carl,  D.  Trostle.  John  Rudisill,  George  Sherman  and 
John  Snyder.  The  membership  is  140.  The  building,  which  is  frame,  was 
completed  that  year  at  a  cost  of  $2,000.  Rev.  E.  J.  Metzler,  the  present  pas- 
tor, organized  this  congregation. 

St.  .hi, ni  s  Reformed  ( 'hurch  was  built  in  1851,  shortly  after  the  society  was 
organized,  and  continued  in  use  until  1S78,  when  it  was  rebuilt  and  enlarged. 
The  dedication  of  the  new  edifice  took  place  in  September.  1878. 

The  United  Brethren  Church,  below  Hoke's  gate,  on  the  Baltimore  Turn- 
pike, was  dedicated  December  5,   L869,  by  Rev.  Mr.  Young. 

TWO    TAVERNS. 

This  hamlet  on  the  Baltimore  Turnpike  date-,  hack  to  the  beginning  of 
settlement,  when  a  few  of  the  Marsh  Creek  settlers  located  lands  in  the  neigh- 
borhood. The  little  place  has  been  a  post  town,  in  one  form  or  another,  for 
almost  a  century;  but  not  until  modern  times  was  an  office  established  here. 

The  first  murder  committed  in  Adams  County  after  the  year  1800  was  that 
of  Henry  Heagy,  by  James  Hunter,  at  Two  Taverns  June  28.  IS  17.  A  num- 
ber of  men  had  assembled  in  Larimore's  meadow,  among  whom  were  the  mur- 
derer and  his  victim.  Hunter  was  hanged,  January  8.  ISIS,  near  the  forks  of 
the  Emmittsbure'  and  Tanevtown  roads. 


MOUNXPLEASANT    TOWNSHIP.  ;:i:, 


CHAPTEB  XLII. 
MOUNTPLEASANT  TOWNSHIP. 


THE  Little  Conowago  forms  the  eastern  line  of  this  township    separating 
»t  from  ago,  Oxford  and  Hamilton  Townships.     Conowago  Creek 

andoneof  its  tributaries,  Sweet  Run,  form  the  greater  pari  of  its  northern 
boundary.  Tins  run,  with  its  tributaries,  Swift  Run  and  Brush  Run,  andsix 
little  streams  running  into  the  Little  Conowago  flow  north  ami  oast  from  the 
water-shed.  \\  hite  Run.  which  rises  in  the  northwestern  part  of  the  township 
flows  across  Mountjoy  Township  to  Rock  Creek.  A  few  other  creeks  also 
flow  south,  from  the  Hanover  Road  Ridge,  into  Rock  Crook  and  Alloway's 
Creek.  The  surface  is  decidedlj  rolling,  if  not  actually  hilly.  The  lower  dis- 
tricts are  distinguished  for  limestone  soil  ami  rook,  while  the  upper  districts  are 

marked  by  red  gravel  and  shale,  and  beds  of  greenish  sand-rock.     Tl levation 

above  Atlantic  level  at  Bonneauville  is  534  feet. 

In  1872  iron  ore  was  discovered  on  the  Baughman  lands,  and  in  September 
1876,  copper  ore  was  discovere  1  on  Liver's  farm,  near  Bonneam 

In  1856  George  and  Henry  Chritzman  erected  the  covered  wooden  bridge 

Swift    Run,  on  the   New  Chester  ami   Oxford   road,  for  $710.      Iu   1NIJ3 

Blias  Roth  built  a  covered  bridge  across  Swift  Run,  on  the  road  from  Carlisle 

to  the  Vo,k  &  Gettysburg  Turnpike,    for  $1,025.     The  Hanover    &   Mount 

Rock  Turnpike  was  authorized  in  April.  L868.     The  commissioners  were  3    W 

Gubernator,   Francis  Pahlman,  .1.  E.   Smith.  E.  S.   Reiley,  S.  G.  Si ringerj 

D.  Geiselman,  George  Smith  and  James  Devine.  The  Hanover  Junction] 
Hanover  &  Gettysburg  Railroad  crosses  the  northeastern  part  of  the  township 
with  a  station  at  Dutteras,  formerly  named    "Gulden's." 

Joseph  tfcCreary,  constable,  mad,,  returns,  under  oath,  that  the  following 
namod  persons  were  the  onlj  retailers  of  foreign  merchandise  in  the  township 
in  1824,  viz.:  Conrad  Weaver,  Henry  Brinkerhoff,  .John  Miller  and  Henry 
Sanders.  The  number  of  tax  payers  (1886)  is  569;  value  of  real  estate,  $628,- 
987;  number  of  horses,  etc.,  561;  of  rows,  etc.,  664;  value  of  moneys  at  in- 
terest, $85,118;  of  trades  and  professions,  $11,415;  number  of  carriages  148; 
of  gold  watches,  8;  of  acres  of  timber  land.  1,061.  The  population  in  1800 
was  985,  and  of  Managhan,  38  (Hamilton's  lands);  in  1820,  1,483,  including 
3  slaves  and  B4  free  colored;  in  1830,  1,498;  in  1840,  1,588;  in  1850  1  614 
fi  colored);  in  I860,  1,766  (2  colored);  in  1870,   1,947  (1  colored),  and  in  1880, 

Therewas  a  fori  one  mile  south  of  Dutteras  Station,  in  1855,  on  the  old 
Join,  .May  farm,  and  another  between  Bonneauville  and  Two  Taverns  in  IT.",:,. 
The  Heltzell  farm,  two  miles  west  of  New  Oxford,  was  granted  to  John  Hamil- 
ton Juno  1  I.  1763.  He  erected  the  first  brick  house  in  Adams  County,  at 
"  Black's  Gap,"  where  the  Hunterstown  road  forks  from  the  York  &  Gettys 
burg  Turnpike.  Mr.  Heltzell.  now  of  New  Oxford,  took  down  this  old  build 
mg  the  last  year  of  the  war  and  erected  his  present  house  on  the  same  site 

Mr.   Haltzell    states    that  the  tract  called   "Managhan"    was  d led  bj    the 

Penns  to  Hamilton  as  a  portion  of  the  "  Manor  of  Maske."      The  name  "how- 


316 


HISTORY   OF  ADAMS   COUNTY. 


over,  does  not  appear  among  the  "entries"  or  "squatters"  or  "  petitioners" 
residing  within  the  manor  in  1742,  nor  is  it  probable  that  Managhan  was  ever 
included  within  the  manor  boundaries,  even  in  L763. 

The  assessments  for  the  year  1800,  made  in  1799,  place  the  total  at  $176,- 
608,  on  which  a  tax  of  22.8  cents  per  $100  was  collected.  The  names  of  prop- 
erty owners,  and  values  assessed  as  given  are  as  follows: 


Mathias  Albert $  1,914 

Ignatius  Adams 

John  Andrew's  estate 1,200 

Henry  Arnold,  shoe-maker 125 

Daniel  Butt 125 

William  Baily 3,028 

Paul  Bart,  joiner 126 

Brian  Bigham 150 

John  Britten,  carpenter 75 

Henry  Brinkenhoff 910 

Henry  Buckhannou 50 

Gilbert  Brinkenhoff  (1  slave) 1,876 

Michael  Bower 

Solomon  Chambers 431 

Michael  Clapsadle,  joiner 316 

Francis  Cassat 

Christian  Cashman 1,870 

David  Cassat 1,020 

William  Cooper 1,630 

Hannah  Cooper,  widow 

Josiah  Clements 4,000 

Elias  Crisman 958 

David  Cullen 782 

John  Croombacker 948 

Divas  Collins,  weaver 

John  Cashem 

John  Conenover 1,300 

David  Comenyore 125 

Ninnion  Chamberlain* 1,600 

James  Driscoll ISO 

Joseph  Detrich 1,365 

James  Dannel 150 

Garrit  Demaree,  carpenter 525 

Margaret  Degraff,  widow f 2,254 

David  Dunner 1,573 

Jacob  Ebert 1,586 

John  Eisenrod 250 

Henry  Eisenrod 1,131 

John  Ewing 600 

Isaac  Ewing .•  900 

Ludwick    Eichelberger 1, 122 

Robert.  Ewing 1,169 

Christian  Freet,  Sr 2,610 

Christian  Freet,  Jr 75 

Peter  Freet.  blacksmith   200 

Adam  Fuller 1,444 

David  Freeman 850 

Mathias  Fetherhuff 170 

Henry  Fargison 125 

Martin  Carver 700 

Michael  Gallaher,  tailor 75 

William  Galbreath 720 

Robert  Galbreath 890 

Jacob  Gilbert,  weaver 232 

Philip  Gilbert 75 

Christian  Hoffman 540 

William  Hollobach,  tailor 125 

Gasper  Hansel,  weaver 

*One  female  slave  $25. 
tone  mule  slave  S3U. 
JFeuiale  slave. 


Helemley $ 

Joseph   Hilt 1.611 

Maj .  James  Horner 1,512 

Hezekiah  Hockdalem,  Sr 10 

Hezekiah  Hockdalem,  Jr 1,264 

John  Hoggeman,   weaver 125 

John  Hambarger 1.400 

Aaron  Hcggcman,   weaver 125 

Christopher  Holobach,  Jr.,  weaver.  ..       212 

Christopher  Holobach,  Sr 759 

Daniel  Hoopert,  lanyard 1.530 

Andrew  Johnston.. 1,720 

Henry  Klum,  carpenter 224 

Joseph  Klum 1,580 

Catherina  Kittermau 

Cornelius  Knisjht,  blacksmith 581 

John  Klum 1,317 

Capt.  William  Kerr 1,918 

Henrv  Kip,  weaver 150 

John'Kip 800 

Michael  Keake 882 

George  Koch 150 

Henry  Little,  joiner 134 

Samuel  Lilly} 3,123 

Thomas  Lilly 

Adam  Leonard,  blacksmith 

John  Leonard,  carpenter 896> 

William  Little 

Abraham  Leister 

Joseph  Lindsay 1,867 

Daniel  Lochery 

Anlhonv  Little 215 

John  Little 75 

Barney   Little 600 

Cornelius  Lott,  weaver 631 

Jacob  Laurence 100 

M,.m-  Lockhart 2,218 

Rebecca  Mcllvain 607 

John  and  David  McCleary 5,261 

William  Malone,  carpenter 75 

Sluart  Mo»tieth,  weaver 

Amos  McCreary 1,166 

Michael  Marshall,  shoe-maker 100 

Nicholas  Myer 379 

Lewis  Miller 1,061 

Andrew  Mcllvain 4, 144 

Francis  Mayer 178 

Catherine    Myer 

John  McClain 

James  MeSherry 120 

Hugh  MeSherry 2,100 

John  MeSherry 1,580 

John  Mouse. 5.424 

Catherine  Morningstar,  widow 75 

Adam  Morningstar,  blacksmith 120 

Andrew  Mido'm 511 

John  McElip  (McKellopp) 75 

John  Mcllvain 1.500 


M01  NTPLEASANT   TOWNSHIP. 


317 


John  Nosbei  k.  nailsmitb *330 

Arthur  O'Neil ;.-, 

Hi  in  (    Peecher 8,779 

M :irt in  PottOrf 

Henry  Pottorf too 

John  Plol   150 

John  Patton 379 

Margaret  Poflenberger,  widow 1,030 

William  Ryan 

Jacob  Runk 980 

John  Range 8,970 

1,516 

William  Renolds 1,580 

John  Renolds 7;, 

Marj  Reed  810 

Michael  Sarb.acb 186 

John  shriver.  gunsmith 2,544 

Jacob  Stitelej 100 

Charles  Smith 1  834 

Philip  Slintz 1,183 

Jacob  Slintz 1  580 

Jacob  Sharror 

Samuel  Smith 950 

Valentine  Stickel 890 

Charity  Schrock,  widow 

M    Blegel 440 

W  llhani  Sturgen,  hotel 1,300 

Catherine  Schoop,  widow usn 

MathiasSpitter 3,s7o 

Andrew  Shanon,  weaver! 

Peter  Sheely 660 

Nicholas  Sheely 660 

Jacob  Sheely. ." 1,400 

Qeorge  Shuler 125 

John  Springer 1,000 

Louis  Snodi  !i,  shoe-maker 136 

Conrad  Snyder 3,630 

Anthony   Snyder [,500 

.lohn  Tempion l.ojo 

Joseph  Thompson !i76 

William  Torraiits 1.800 

Peter  Vandike i'ioh 

Michael  Widworth,  weaver 75 

William  Wilson 3,553 

Benjamin  Whitley,  Sr 1,975 

David  Welsh 75 

Sebastian  Wever 200 

George  Wheckert 2,800 

Eva  Wheckert,  widow 

Joseph  Wilson 2,003 

George  Wolforl 

Peter  Wolforl,  Sr 3,338 


1   1  r  u   If  it.  Jr.  $:•  :-?.i 

\\  illiam  Watson ......'  i}m 

Ludwick  Waggoner,  shot  maker '4110 

\':\rv  y?ng r,188 

lialtzer   Yong 1,270 

.Maty  long 1  537 

Geoi    '    5  enowine i  :;  in 

SINGLE  MEN. 

Abraham  Albert,  wagon-maker 308 

John  Buckhanon 1  200 

Henry  ( lhambers '806 

John  1  lannel '....'   i  135 

James  Dryeoff,  tailor 

Michael  Drjoifi 

Alexander  Ewing 

Robert  Ewing. ,_'_' 

William  Ewing ." 

William  Ewing  shoe-maker .". 

Philip  Fiesbmer 059 

Anthony  Pleshman '.'.'.'.'. 

Charles  House,  weaver 

Abraham  Hochderben [  264 

•lohn  Hoopert \[ 

John  Keas / 

■lames  Lochart 

Moses  Loehart 

Alex  Leckey,  Esq ,.[  2, 194 

David  Mereervey,   butcher 

George  McEntire .'..'.'. 

•lames   Mi  Donnel ..."..' 

Mathew  Marsden 1,012 

.lames   Marsden l'012 

(apt.  Robert  Mcllvain,  miller 

Joseph  Myar 80G 

David  Neesbit , . . . 

Henry   Plot 

Peter  Poflenberger 

John  Springer 

John  Snyder 

Aaron  Torrants 

John  Torrants 

Moses  Torbit .'.      ioiv 

Andrew   Whitely 

Benjamin  Whitely..  .' 

Hugh  Watson,  weaver 

William  Watson 

James  Watson 

Predric  Yonjr 

Georjre  Waggoner 

Jacob  Sherley 


Peter  Smith,  of  Mountpleasant  Township,  who  died  April  9,  1SS4,  served 
in  Capt.  Adams'  company  during  the  war  of  1812,  and  is  said  to  bo  the  last 
of  the  old  soldiers  from  Adams  County.  The  Mountpleasant  volunteers 
formed  a  strong,  -well  drilled  command  in  1828.  The  Buchanan  Rifles  of 
Mountpleasant  Township,  organized  in  March,  1859.  The  Union  Rifle  Com- 
pany was  urbanized  at  Mount  Rock  in  January.  ISI',1,  compos,.,!  of  men  from 
Oxford.  Conowago  and  adjoining  townships.  "Subsequently  the  members  held 
a  meeting  declaring  their  determination  to  stand  by  the  Constitution  of  the 
Lnion.  This  was  the  first  military  company  organized,  in  anticipation  of 
civil  war.  which  declared  a  principle. 

A.  Eckert,  delegate  from  Mountpleasant  in  the  convention  of  1834,  voted 
against  the  adoption  of  the  school  law  . 


318  HISTORY    OF   ADAMS    COUNTY. 

The  Harrisburg  Junction,  Harrisburg  &  Gettysburg  Railroad  passes  through 
the  northern  part  of  the  township.  The  post-offices  in  Mountpleasant  are  Bon- 
neauville  and  Redland. 

CHDRCHES. 

St.  Joseph's  Catholic  Church  of  Bonaughtown  or  Bonneauville  was  founded 
in  May,  1859,  on  lands  donated  by  Alexander  Shorb.  The  corner-stone  was 
placed  July  31,  1859,  and  the  church  was  dedicated  Febuary  20,  1860.  Rev. 
Basil  A.  Shorb,  a  son  of  John  Shorb,  of  Union  Township,  who  died  April  4, 
1871,  aged  sixty-one  years,  was  the  first  pastor.  The  vault  in  which  his  remains 
were  placed  is  in  the  center  of  the  cemetery.  Prior  to  the  erection  of  this 
building  the  congregation  attended  church  at  Conowago.  Rev.  Father  Pope 
succeeded  as  pastor,  and  to  him  is  due  the  change  of  the  village  name  from 
Bonaughtown  to  Bonneauville.  During  his  administration  the  brick  denomin- 
ational schoolhouse  was  erected  and  placed  in  charge  of  the  Sisters  of  Charity. 
Father  Mcllhenny  was  appointed  successor  to  Rev.  Mr.  Pope:  later  Rev.  An- 
drew O'Brien,  then  Father  Shanahan  was  pastor,  and  he  was  succeeded  by 
Rev.   Father  Gorman. 

St.  Luke's  Reformat  Church,  near  White  Hall  or  Red  Land  and  Bonneau- 
ville, was  organized  in  1846,  with  twenty  members,  by  Rev.  Jacob  Seehler. 
The  building  was  erected  in  184(5,  and  dedicated  November  22,  that  year,  as  a 
Union  Lutheran  and  Reformed  Church.  Among  the  original  members  were 
Daniel  Kohler,  George  Bowman.  David  Biehl  and  "William  Goulden,  Lu- 
therans. Samuel  Swope,  Jacob  Miller  and  George  Bowman  formed  the  build- 
ing committee. 

Salem  United  Brethren  Church,  also  called  the  "Stone  Church,"  was 
erected  in  1845  by  the  pastor,  Rev.  Samuel  L.  Minnick.  The  preachers,  whose 
names  are  given  in  the  history  of  the  church  at  Littlestown,  were  also  in  charge 
of  the  Salem  congregation. 

Tlic  Catholic  Congregation  of  Mount  Rock,  or  Centennial  (as  the  old  village 
was  named  in  1876),  formed  a  part  of  the  Conowaga  congregation  up  to  L869, 
when  the  stone  church  building  was  completed  at  '"Mount  Rock,  over  the 
Hill,"  and  named  "St.  Charles."  The  land  on  which  this  building  stands 
was  donated  by  Charles  Smith  for  church  and  school  purposes. 

WHITE  HALL  OR  BED  LANDS. 

This  is  the  name  given  to  a  postal  village  in  the  southern  part  of  the  town- 
ship. Close  by  there  was  a  military  post  standing  130  years  ago.  but  by  whom 
erected  or  in  what  cause  has  not  yet  been  ascertained.  The  settlement  of  the 
hamlet  dates  back  about  twenty-six  years,  when  the  Lohrs  and  Millers  located 
here;  a  few  years  later  William  McSherry  became  interested  in  the  location, 
ami  built  a  few  dwelling  houses  and  a  large  three-story  business  building, 
which  subsequently  became  known  as  the  National  Hotel.  Enterprise  was  car- 
ried so  far  as  to  introduce  a  printing  office  there  in  187s.  the  White  Hull  Vis- 
itor — a  little  journal  devoted  to  Greenbackism — was  started;  next  came  the 
postoffice,  tradesmen's  shops,  a  large  dry  goods  store,  meat  market  and  cigar 
factory.  "White  Hall  sprang  up  into  a  village.  Its  proximity  to  Littlestown, 
Hanover,  Gettysburg  and  New  Oxford  tends,  in  opposition  to  its  enterprise,  to 
limit  its  growth.  The  churches  of  the  several  denominations  are  within  easy 
distance. 

Red  Laud  postoffice  was  established  in  September,  1806  or  1807.  with  Will- 
iam A.  McSherry  postmaster. 


OXFORD  TOWNSHIP.  3>>] 

noi  %  r  BOCK. 
This  place  is  the  center  of  f  the  earliest  settlements  in  Pennsylvania 

^rV","1"1 '",""""  andah^  has  passed  away  since  the  li,  Z 
orcal-n  was  built  on  foe  site  of  the  PoUman  dwelling.  ^  l„  IT:;:,  tadSST 
^patented  to    Lndwig  Schriver  the  land  in  this  afighborhood,  and  on Sa 

RK^ff;111   ',"""  "n  ^"le  Conowago,  on  t£e  si  rf 
,      ' "'  V  '"  ",M  merchant  at  this  point   was    Daniel   Lawrence    a 

;  ,'7;;.:  :,■  ^'iL:'t1""""-,,,''|,! rte/T-keePerandwnerof^°w 

.    r      ,,'  H         t  ,  "'■'  "'    1"'"-''"^  "''   ,h"  ^lenient  dates  Lack  to  the 

earlj  partof  fclus  century,  when  Edward  Rielly  established  the  first  limekUn 

"  ^  '"  l,;:,1"  m  °^  industa7  by  ^u  Lilly,  who  erected  a  log  hnuseTn 
the  present  Pohlman  tract,  and  made  lime  manufacture  an  extens  °f  business 
Assarly  as  1 730  Samuel  Luly,  Ins  grandfather,  located  part  ,,f  hi  andg?a,5 
mtius  aeighborhood  Samuel  Wolf  established  the  third  set  of  kilo 
Bealso  erecte  Ithe  brick  house,  now  the  property  of  Peter  Noel  Thenost 
oftce  was,,tal,  ,h,d  herein  1876,  with  Miss  J*  M.  (»'X,il  n  change.  The  1 1 
tie  village  is  the  scene  of  busy  life,  and  in  ii  and  around  it  f ome  of  the 
neatest  homes  m  th,.  whole  county  are  to  he  found. 

BOHNBADTILLE. 

abontt???1^:    t?TA\ •CaUecl  ,J",li'"Sh'''»-   dates  its  beginning  back  to 

SS  Vi   «  a  l0f  <,a'nn  was  '■r",'<1"1  m  what  is  called  the  public  square 

11, .  in  the  last  century,  is  now  a  resident  of  Martinsburg,  Va.     In  1810  she 
attended   Squire  Bnnkerhoffs   log  school,   which  then  stood   in  t he       , 
James  Foster  also  taught  there.     John  EJckert  put  up  a  house  here  abou tlhl 


CHAPTER  XLIII. 

OXFOED  TOWNSHIP  AXD  BOROUGH  OF  NEW  OXFORD. 

J   ITTLECOXOWAGO  CREEK  forms  the   entire   western   line   of  Oxford 
O* f£S& 0mne  QorthtoQreat  Conowago  Creek  and  forming  a  confluence 

at  the  northeastern  corner  of  Mountpleasant  Township.     This  cr^k  also   Z 

mainf^ Sir   LTlirCr^k   °    ^IT^r  ^^  the  townXp  wiSTte 
main  feedei.  LiHj    C  reek,  completing  its  southern  line.      A  few  small  creeks 

sections  i°t°s  bold  CTentS  VT^'  roUin«  appearance,   while  in  its  southern 

Lve     the  tow        r  "■  ,m^e     rf '°m,  T"  Qrfwd'  521*  feet  above  the  Atlantic 
level,  the  tower  of  Conowago  Chapel,  Wmiles^ awav.  may  be  seen.     The  soil 

•According  to  measurement,  made  by  Joseph  S.  Gltt  Id  1851,  the  altitude  is  596  feet. 


322  HISTORY   OF   ADAMS   COUNTY. 

is  still  rich  after  its  continued  cultivation,  and  yields  abundantly  where  prop- 
erly cared  for.  In  June,  1869,  iron  ore  was  discovered  on  Jacob  Slagle's  farm. 
Seifert,  MeManus  &  Co.  leased  the  land  and  entered  on  mining.  Here  also 
a  portion  of  the  Mount  Rock  limestone  field  makes  its  appearance. 

On  the  Krng  farm  is  a  large  stone  bank  barn,  which  was  built  in  1782  by 
Col.  H.  D.  Slagle,  one  of  the  first  settlers;  the  inscription  stone  is  still  in 
the  building;  and  on  the  farm  of  Jacob  Slagle  is  a  locust  post  with  the  date 
1746  cut  in  it. 

Railroads  were  projected  in  this  vicinity  as  early  as  1835,  for  in  that  year 
Dr.  Pfeiffer  managed  a  line  from  York  to  Gettysburg  via  New  Oxford.  In 
January  6,  1S58,  the  railroad  from  Hanover  to  New  Oxford  was  opened.  The 
Hanover  Branch  Railroad,  consolidated  under  the  name  of  Hanover  Junction, 
Hanover  &  Gettysburg  Railroad,  took  place  in  November,  1874,  when  A.  W. 
Eichelberger  was  elected  president;  R.  A.  Eichelberger,  treasurer;  Henry 
Wert,  secretary.  George  Swope  and  Matthew  Eichelberger,  of  Gettysburg, 
were  among  the  newly  elected  directors. 

Myers'  mill  wooden  bridge  on  the  Carlisle  and  Oxford  road  was  built  in  1836 
by  John  Camp  for  $1,350.  In  1860  Henry  Chritzman  and  David  Zeigler,  Jr., 
erected  a  covered  bridge  over  the  Little  Conowago  at  Dellone's  mill  for 
$889.  In  1866  J.  M.  Pittenturf  erected  a  covered  wooden  bridge  over  the 
Little  Conowago,  at  Gitt's  mill  for  $1,449.  The  wooden  bridge  at  Clunk's  mill 
in  Oxford  and  Mountpleasant  was  built  by  Joseph  J.  Smith  in  1881  for  $544. 

In  1815  a  proposition  to  build  a  pike  from  Gettysburg  to  York  was  made, 
but  did  not  materialize  until  1818.  In  December,  1819,  the  twenty-eight  miles 
of  road  via  New  Oxford  and  Abbotstown  were  completed  at  a  cost  of  $107, - 
866. 50,  John  Murphy  superintending  the  work  in  this  county.  The  Colum- 
bia &  Pittsburgh  Stage  Company  opened  their  stage  line  via  New  Oxford  and 
Gettysburg  in  November,  1834.  In  1828  Reesicle  Slaymaker  &  Co.'s  coaches 
commenced  running  between  Philadelphia  and  Pittsburgh.  The  latter  mail 
was  called  the  ' '  Good  Intent  "  and  the  newspaper  mail  ' '  The  Telegraph. ' ' 
The  latter  was  slow  until  1 834,  when  it  was  brought  up  to  better  mail  time. 
The  ' '  Mail ' '  and  ' '  Opposition  ' '  used  to  dash  into  and  through  New  Oxford  at 
this  time. 

The  number  of  taxpayers  (1880)  is  258;  value  of  real  estate,  $380,876; 
number  of  horses,  etc.,  209;  of  cows,  etc.,  212;  value  of  moneys  at  interest, 
$24,537;  of  trades  and  professions.  $8, 000;  number  of  carriages,  58;  of  watch- 
es, 2;  of  acres  of  timber  land,  250.  The  population  in  1850  was  931  (3  col- 
ored);  in  1860,  1,201  (4  colored);  in  1870,  1,322  (7  colored);  and  in  1880,  851. 
Of  the  1,352  inhabitants  in  the  township  in  1880,  501  belonged  to  the  borough 
of  New  Oxford;  farms  over  20  acres,  66;  less  than  20  acres,  52;  grist-mills, 
2;  saw-mills,  2;  tile  works,  1;  brick-yards,  1,   and  limestone  quarries,  9. 

The  original  entry  of  part  of  this  township  dates  back  to  1730,  when  Sam- 
uel Lilly  purchased  a  portion  of  "Digges'  Choice"  in  the  neighborhood  of 
Irishtown.  Henry  Gearnhart  also  purchased  273  acres  at  the  foot  of  the  Pigeon 
Hills,  in  1750,  and  in  the  same  year  the  Penns  sold  to  Robert  Lorimore  a  tract 
close  by.  This,  with  the  Seminary  farm,  which  Lorimore  purchased  from 
Gearnhart  in  1758,  was  his  property  until  April  4,  1794,  when  a  friar  preach- 
er, named  Joseph  Herout,  purchased  the  whole  tract  and  set  about  establish- 
ing a  school  there,  as  related  in  the  History  of  Heroutford.  A  reference  to 
the  original  assessment  roll  of  Berwick  Township,  of  which  Oxford  formed  a 
part  up  to  1847,  points  out  the  names  of  all  the  property  owners  in  this  town- 
ship when  the  county  was  organized.  In  the  sketches  of  New  Oxford,  Irish- 
town  and  Heroutford,  the  minutise  of  the  township's  history  is  given. 


OXFORD   TOWNSHIP 


323 


"     Capt.  JaoDb  Winrode,  of  the   Ninth    Pennsylvania  Militia,  was  court-mar- 

•'  ''  "    "V*"'  '  'h7;';">   L3>   is,,:;      The  charge  was    "Wearing  the  black 
oockade,  and  red  and  blue  worsted  tape."     He  denied  his  tmfti    i^.t  „,    i    i 
^ty-<Jfined$7  40.      Richard  Knfght  V*JE^^^l£Z^ 
udge-advocate.      Lieut   James  McSherry,  Ensign  William    Ewing  and  \\  ill 
'«"'  Galbreth  were  tned  at  the  same  time,  found  guiltyand  fined.     Cap     Uex 
anderCobeans  company  fro,,,  Adams   County,  which   wen!  to  the  defense  of 
''•■' '"''"'>•"  7  l; N.  lost  three  men,   viz.:    Adam  M.  Wortz,    David    MidXcoff 

' ''      iT'V  '"'      Ul1""  ?°beaD  was  Promoted   «"  a    colonelcy,    William 

Meredith    became   captain;    George  Hersh,  who  died  June  22,   187     a,    \  .w 
Oxf.nl.   and  JohnS     Crawford,   of  Gettysburg,    do  not  appear  among  the 

^LTf^T^      ^   MW   °f  forty  men    L„,„„  af  Se 

Oxford  Fencibles,     was  organized  at  NewOxfordin  .March.  1859    The  infan 

toy  company  organized  at  New  Oxford   in  May,  1861,  was  comma, I   b3   T 

|     fe.ffer,  with  A.  M  Man,,,  and  Henr,    I,  <;in  as  lieutenants,   and  C.    W 
Keton  orderly.    Frederick  Steiger,  of  Oxford  Township,  was  the  only  resident 

of   h,  township  mu stered  m  in  April,   1861,  with  Company   K,    s Ld    ReS 

ment  Pennsylvama  Volunteer  Infantry  g 

withv',*?-'  (>Xf",i'i  S",I'I,"'V  Reii6f  S°ciet3  ^organizedinNovember,1861, 
with  Mrs.  George  Hersh  as  president,  Mrs.  William  D.  Hirnes   secretarv    -,,„! 
others  including  Mrs.  Peter  Diehl,    Mrs.  JohnE.  11,,,1,   Mrs. \    me   Tow 
send Mrs.  F.  Hersh    Mrs.   Joseph   S.    Gitt,    Mrs.   Thomas  Hirnes,   Mrs    Dr 

Eb£?K      r    \.         "u:    '!r    '      Sh"n"a"'    Mrs.  John  Barnitz.    Mrs    J. 
Heagy  M^ss  E.   M.ley.    Miss  Hattie  Gallagher  and  Miss    Kale   Stock      Tin, 
you,,,  la,  h?  „f  N,,v  Oxford  also  organized  a  soldiers'  relief  society  h,      ' 
comber,  1861   with  Miss  Lizzie  PfeifFer,   president,   and  Miss  Lizzie  Martin 

secretary;  Misses ,  Maria  Re Sarah  Shi Alice  L.  Gitt,  Hatti^S^ 

SauISrS^aneiun;ks.LUC7ElllS'  Emma  Bast^  Mary  J.  Bentz,  Lizzie 
The  accidental  killing  of  Rebecca  Crist.  October  17,  1835,  occurred  during 
a  ohildrens  impromptu  carnival  at  New  Oxford.  [„  a  shop  close  bytheplav 
ground,  a  loaded  shot  gun  was  carelessly  left  standing.  A  boy  go  possS 
of  ,t  and  made  tins  little  eight  year  old  girl  the  vlim.  WUllamColton  a 
constat^  was  tried  in  December,  1870,  for  the  strangulation  of  John  Sd? 
.     N,  .  ()xt,„,i.  August  15,   1870.     The  jury  found  a  verdict  of  not  guilty.    I, 

oSoJ      On     Tn       "'""'"  ^f6  g^erers  camped   in  the  w Is  near  New 

?nl which     l"  "x  ""';'""""  took  the  small-pox  and  died  in  the  woods,  on  hear- 
Eeone  "xoniaos  paid  a  dauntless  villager  |8  to  bury  the  unfort- 

Iu   December,   1875    a  fire,  which  originated  in  Joseph  S.  Gitt's  stable 
tneate.,,,1  ,1,      destruction   of  New  Oxford.      During  the  winter  of   1885  86 
;  ]TT  j    ^^"^  stable  and  other  property  held  out  a    iS 

tllleat.        In  June.       S''lt.        ann.     T)„l,l'.    1 ,  .„_.    x-  ,\    ,        ,  .    . 


hghtoingand   burned    up.     Tl l,l   Diehl    flouring-mill  near  New  Oxfori 

which  was   burned  in  the  winter  of  1857-58,    wis  rebuilt   in    the    iall  of 
■      V      '■  '     N'"']  ",,IL  destroyedby  fire  in  April,  1883,  wasrebuilt  and 

n'Z  ma,;1""*"'>  r^odo 1  """  '*■     The  first  great  storm  remen ed  1 

£*»h«.  took  place  in  1823.     The  storm  of  May  16,  1844,  deseed  man? 
,""'""-  f,"",'7  '•""'  &foves  throughout  the  township.     This  was  phenomenal 

.-Uy;,,,,       ,,,,,,.,,,,,       A,,others,„r,„,oo|;  place  ,„,  S,U.  Ld  in 

1     ;  ■  ""'  ~"':,t  ^ail-storm  swept  over  the  country.     The  drought  of  1822  was 

SSZlSXJ^01'^     Cono^°cSkanditstSbu^9wLer 
torelj  emptied  of  their  waters  by  evaporation.     Sixteen  years  prior  to  this  a 


324  HISTORY   OF   ADAMS   COUNTY. 

plague  of  caterpillars  destroyed  the  wheat  and  rye  crops.      The  floods  of  178(5 
and   I  826  exceeded  the  greatest  overflows  of  the  Conowago  in  modern  times. 

IRISHTOWN. 

Such  is  the  name  given  to  a  German  settlement  in  the  southwest  quarter  of 
the  township.  In  1730  this  section  formed  a  part  of  the  Samuel  Lilly  tract,  but 
three-fourths  of  a  century  elapsed  before  the  improvers  settled  here.  Shortly 
after  the  county  was  organized  a  number  of  Irishmen  came  to  this  romantic 
part  of  the  Conowago  Valley.  Hugh  and  Andrew  Lynch  erected  a  house,  then 
James  McBarron,  followed  by  the  Coligans,  McClains,  MeBrides,  Coltons, 
Marshalls,  Pattersons  and  others.  For  this  reason  the  name  "  Irishtown  " 
was  bestowed  upon  it,  although  the  neighborhood  is  now  as  Teutonic  by  race 
as  any  part  of  Germany.  The  borough  of  New  Oxford  is  only  a  few  miles 
distant,  and  there  the  principal  market  town  for  this  district  is  found.  The 
country  in  the  neighborhood  of  Irishtown  is  a  rich  agricultural  region  and 
contains  many  fine  farms.  The  hamlet  itself  presents  an  air  of  business  which 
would  do  credit  to  a  village.  In  January,  1886,  V.  A.  Laurence  was  appointed 
the  first  postmaster  here.  Prior  to  this  the  mail  was  sent  up  from  New  Oxford 
to  be  distributed  at  Clunk's  store. 

The  Church  of  St.  Peter  ( 'niiixinx,  a  large  brick  and  stone  edifice,  was 
erected  in  1868-69.      Here  also  are  the  school-rooms  of  St.  Peter  Canisius. 

HEROUTFORD. 

Heroutfordor  Pigeon  Hills  settlement  dates  back  to  the  middle  of  the. last 
quarter  of  the  last  century,  when  a  school  was  established  there  for  the  accom- 
modation of  the  youth  of  the  district  (1794)  by  Joseph  Herout,  himself  a 
Sulpician  Mar.  In  1806  a  Sulpician  seminary  was  founded  here  by  Abbe 
Dillet,  known  as  "Pigeon  Hills  College,"  for  the  purpose  of  educating  youth 
in  the  Greek  and  Latin  classics.  In  1830  the  property  was  known  as  the 
"  Seminary  Farm,"  and  from  that  date  to  1849  it  was  devoted  to  purely  educa- 
tional purposes  by  the  superior  of  St.  Mary's  College,  Baltimore,  where  stu- 
dents might  spend  their  vacation.  During  th#  years  of  its  educational  history 
a  large  church  was  erected,  large  college  halls  built,  and  the  grounds  laid  out 
in  park  ways.  Here,  in  1803,  the  Trappist  friars,  when  expelled  from  the 
' '  Vaterland, ' '  found  a  refuge,  and  from  this  place  they  set  out  under  Rev.  Ur- 
ban Guillet  to  found  their  order  in  the  wilds  of  Kentucky. 

Rev.  Andrew  Miller,  who  was  a  minister  of  the  German  Baptist  Church, 
connected  with  the  Pigeon  Hills  congregation  for  over  fifty  years,  died  in  York 
County  May  20,  1880,  aged  eighty  years. 


BOROUGH  OF  NEW  OXFORD. 

This  borough  was  surveyed  and  platted  in  1792  for  Henry  Kuhn  by  James 
Bolton.  This  land  extending  westward  was  patented  to  him  about  this  time, 
and  is  known  in  State  records  as  "Providence,''  but  when  platted  it  was  named 
Oxford  Town,  for  the  dual  reason  of  a  ford  existing  just  westward,  and  of  ' '  Dutch 
Frederick's  Stand,"  a  butcher's  shop  and  hotel,  having  the  head  of  an  ox  set 
up  in  front  of  his  house.  In  1822  Dr.  Pfeiffer  had  the  name  changed  to  "New 
Oxford."  This  was  on  the  old  Pittsburgh  and  Philadelphia  road,  and  up  to 
1847  was  an  important  stage  town.  In  1800  the  effort  was  made  to  have  the 
seat  of  justice  located  here.      Thirty-five  years  later  the  people  made  an  effort 


OXFORD   TOWNSHIP.  325 

to  build  a  railroad  from  York  to  Gettysburg  via  their  village;  but  not  until 
1858  was  a  railroad  opened  to  this  point.  Butcher  Frederick's  hotel  was 
undoubtedly  the  first  building  in  Providence.  Richard  Adams  erected  what 
was  known  as  "Blair's  old  house"  in  L798;  Mathias  Martin  limit  the  third 
house  (nov  occupied  bj  Thomas  Rimes),  in  L800.  About  this  tunc  a  house 
was  built  where  Mr.  Gitt  erected  his  residence  in  L876.  George  Bange,  the 
first  store- keeper,  lived  in  a  house  built  bj  George  Kuhn  about  L800.  Schnell's 
shoe  store  is  built  on  the  site.  Boyer  erected  a  log  house  in  1800, 
where  Mr.  W  test,  in  later  years,  carried  on  the  hotel  business,  now  the  Eagle 
House.  William  Sturgeon,  who  was  accidentally  killed  in  1822,  built  the 
Indian  Queen  Hotel  in  L800,  where  is  now  a  hardware  store.  In  1799  W  ill 
iam  Elder  built  on  the  corner  opposite.  The  beginnings  of  the  village  were 
made. 

A  petition  was  presented  to  the  judge  of  quarter  sessions  in  April. 
ISi  l.  asking  Tor  the  incorporation  of  the  borough.     This  was  granted  August 

20,    L8"5  I.   and  the  first  election   was  held  at  the  Washington  House  in  October, 

Is'  I.  Dr.  J.  W.  Hendrix  was  elected  burgess  in  L874,  and  served  down  to 
L885,  when  T.  Bowers  was  elected.  The  councilmen  elected  annually  are 
named  in  the  following  list: 

IsT  I  Jos.  S.  Gitt,  A.  Sheely,  W.  M.  Swartz,  J.  H.  Wiest,  J.  R.  Hersh, 
W.  J.  McClure. 

L875— Dr.  McClure,  J.  S.  Gitt,  J.  H  Wiest.  W.  M.  Schwartz.  J.  R. 
Hersh.  Abram  Sheely, 

1876  Dr.  McClure,  Abram  Sheely.  J.  K.  Hersh,  J.  .1.  Kuhn,  D.  J.  S. 
Melhorn,  Joseph  S.  Gitt. 

1M7  Abram  Sheely,  J.  r>.  Gross,  W.  D.  Himes,  Joseph  S.  Gitt,  Levi 
Wagner,  Pius  J.  Noel. 

L878  -Joseph  S.  Gitt,  Levi  Wagner,  A.  Sheely,  H.  J.  Myers,  T.  D. 
Smith,  W.  D.  Himes. 

1879  W.  1).  Himes.  J.  S.  <!itt.  Levi  Wagner.  Dr.  Smith.  H.  K.  Schnell, 
J.    B.   <  ire  ISS. 

L880     A.  C.  Diehl.  Dr.  Smith.  Joseph  S.   Gitt,  P.  J.  Noel.  Levi  Wagner. 

issl  P.  Feiser,  McC.  Gilbert,  Abram  Sheely,  W.  D.  Himes,  J.  A. 
Weaver.  A.  .1.  Myers,  J.  S.  Gitt. 

lss-  McLain  Gilbert,  Joseph  S.  Gitt,  A.  S.  Himes.  Peter  Feiser,  Zelotus 
11.    Fashman,  Emmert  P.  Noel  (a  tie). 

L883— A.  S.  Himes,  Em.  Hair,  John  S.  Weaver,  Peter  A.  Guise,  D.  J.  A. 
Melhorn.  A.  ('.   Diehl. 

1884— Peter  A.  Guise,  W.  D.  Emmert,  Joseph  S.  Gitt,  John  S.  Weaver. 
A.  Sheely,   A.  S.  Himes. 

188.")'    D.  s.  c.lenian.  W.  A.  Diehl. 

The  justices  elected  were  John  C.  Zouck,  John  Lenhart,  A.  J.  Myers, 
Joseph  s.  Gitt,  I'.  J.  A.  Melhorn  and  E.  G.  Cook. 

The  number  of  tax  payers  in  the  borough  (1886)  is  '209;  value  of  real 
estate.  $181,325;  number  of  horses,  etc.,  67;  dumber  of  cows,  etc.,  10;  value 
of  moneys  at  interest  $139,685;  of  trades  and  professions.  $15,040;  number  of 
pleasure  carriages,  65;  of  gold  watches.  14;  acres  of  timber  land.  L3.  The 
population  in  1880  was  501,  estimated  now  at  about   600. 


The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  dates  hack  to  1829  30,  when  a  society  was 
organized  and  a  -mall  meeting-house  erected  by  John  Barnitz  and  others. 
This  little  building  stood  in  the  rear  of  what  was  known  as  the  ' '  Old  Commons. " 


326  HISTORY   OF   ADAMS   COUNTY. 

In  1845  it  gives  place  to  the  quaint  old  structure  on  the  Abbottstown  road, 
which  in  time  will  disappear  in  favor  of  the  proposed  brick  and  stone 
building  to  be  erected  on  the  southeast  corner  of  the  square  and  the  Abbotts- 
town  road.  In  1867  Hanover  and  New  Oxford  were  set  oft  as  a  station  with 
Zv.  Jos.  Boss  in  charge.  The  preachers  in  charge  of  York  Springs  from 
1843  to  1867  maybe  said  to  have  also  served  this  society  although  a  few 
other  names  appear  on  the  records.  Prior  to  1844  it  belonged  to  the  Gettys- 
burg Circuit,  when  Messrs.  Dill  Clark,  George  Hildt,  WO  Lunsden  T.  H 
W.  Munroe,  S.  Kepler,  J.  C.  Lyon,  Jonathan  Munroe,  Robert  Crooks  and  other 
preachers  of  the  time  visited  this  place.  .      .  , 

The  Catholic  Congregation  here  dates  from  the  very  beginning  of  the  settle- 
ment, when  the  people  had  to  attend  Conowago  Chapel.  In  later  years  services 
were  held  here  in  private  houses  until  1852,  when  the  present  brick  chm-ch  of  the 
Immaculate  Heart  was  erected  on  land  donated  by  Jacob  Martin  north  of  the 
square  on  Carlisle  Street.  Father  Denecker  attended  this  part  of  the  mission 
up  to  1879,  when  Rev.  Francis  Casey,  S.  J.,  was  appointed  priest  of  New 
Oxford  and  Paradise.  Father  Archambault  came  next,  and  he  was  followed  by 
Father  Richards,  S.  J.      There  are  about  400  members  belonging  to  this  con- 

greg£angeUcal  Lutheran  Church  at  New  Oxford.-^  «™^  ***■ 
church  was  placed  July  28,  1860,  and  the  building  dedicated  May  9,  1861.  Prim 
to  this  time  the  society  worshiped  in  the  old  Union  Church.  Dr.  Hauer  was 
pastor  from  1860  to  1872;  P.  S.  Orwig  from  1873  to  18  -9,  and  Rev.  John  Tom- 
linson.  of  Abbottstown  Circuit,  the  present  pastor.  The  new  building  stands  on 
the  same  street  as  the  Reformed  Church,  but  north  of  the  Abbottstown  road^ 
Joseph  RDfehlis  secretary.      Property  is  valued  at  $4,000,  and  the  number  of 

"^^^l™  Reformed  Church,  built  in  1861  on  the  site  of  the  old 
Union  Reformed  Lutheran  Church  of  1820-the  first  church  building  erected 
here  £  a  large  brick  edifice,  standing  south  of  the  Abbottstown  road,  in  the 
old  cemetery  of  1829.  In  Mav,  1861,  while  the  workmen  were  tearing  down 
the  old  brick  church  to  make  way  for  the  new  German  Reformed  Church  they 
found  in  the  corner-stone  of  1821  a  full  bottle  of  wine,  several  coins  and  the 
remains  of  a  hymn  book,  Bible,  etc.  Rev.  Mr.  Hoffheims  (during  whose  ad- 
LS-ation  this  church  was  built  in  1861)  Messrs.  Davis.  Aaron ]  Spangler 
Colliflower  and  David  U.  Wolf  have  served  this  church  during  the  lastquaiter 
of  a  century. 

CEMETERY. 

New  Oxford  Cemetery.-In  pursuance  of  a  petition  to  the  court  of  common 
pleas  of  Adams  County  by  the  following  persons,  January  21  186«etei 
Diehl,  John  Barnitz,  Washington  N.  Swartz.  William  D.  Himes,  Joseph  S  Gitt, 
Joseph  Stoner,  John  I.  Hersh,  A.  F.  Gitt.  Michael  Levenstme,  Frank  Hersh, 
Will  am  Stuck.  John  R.  Hersh.  Elias  Slagle.  Aaron  Heagy.  James  Towsend- 
Thec^irt granted,  on  January  12.  1865,  »^.J«P^,fl»S 
named  persons  (for  some  cause  the  ^rter  was  not  lifted  untd  18^3) ^  Apnl9, 
1S73  the  following  survivors  met  to  organize:  Peter  Diehl,  John  Ba  rnitz,  W.  JN. 
Swa^WilSrD3  Himes,  Joseph  Gitt,  A  F.  Gitt.  John  B-H^haodAajoj 
Heagy.  William  D.  Himes  was  called  to  the  chair  and  J.  S.  Gitt  appo  nted 
secretary;  the  following  persons  were  then  elected  officers:  President  William 
D.  Himes;  managers.  Peter  Diehl.  John  R.  Hersh,  Aaron  Heagy  and  \  .  M 
Swartz  \1  ><mt  five  and  one-half  acres  of  ground  a  half  mile  west  of  the 
trough  was  purchased,  running  south  from  the  turnpike  to  the  C,=go 
Creek  and  neatly  laid  out  in  areas  and  lots  with  shrubbery.       It  is  intended  to 


OXFORD   TOWNSHIP.  327 

put  up  daring  1886  b  neat  house,  there  being  sufficient  funds  on  hand  and  uo 
debts;  and,  in  addition,  Mrs.  Helen  Henderson  has  presented  bhem  with  1500, 
the  interest  only  of  which  is  to  be  used  in  keeping  up  the  c'i>mi<t.t>ry.  Present 
officers  are  president,  A.  S.  Himes;  managers,  H.  K.  Schnell,  A.  C.  Diehl, 
William  D.  Himes  and  Abraham  Sheely;  secretary,  William  D.  Himes. 

INSTITUTE    \M>  si    i 

New  Oxford  College  and  Medical  Institute  was  Eounded  in  1845  by  Dr.  M. 
D.  <■•  Pfeiffer,  and  buildings  were  erected  in  L846.  Mr.  Seeker  was  the  first 
principal,  and  was  followed  bj  Messrs.  Dinsmore  and  Share  and  Thadeus  and 
Quincy  Pfeiffer. 

The  old  school  building,  which  stood  on  High  Streel  (where  is  now  the  J. 
S.  Weaver  residence),  was  taken  down  in  August,  1885.  ft  was  built  over 
100  years  ago,  about  the  time  the  old  Washington  Hotel  was  erected,  and 
in  it  Peter  Diehl  attended  school  seventy  one  years  ago.  The  present  public 
schools  are  under  the  oharge  of  Prof.  Wolf,  as  shown  in  the  general  history. 

The  Catholic  schools  were  established  in  1862  by  Rev.  F.  X.  Denecker,  and 
a  room  in  the  church  set  apart  for  educational  purposes.  In  1877  a  school- 
house  was  erected.  Mrs.  Thrayer  was  the  first  teacher.  She  was  followed  by 
Miss  M.J.  Felix,  Joseph  Smith, Miss  Wager.  John  F.  MeSherry  and  E.G.  Topper. 

SOCIETIES. 

The  New  Oxford  Bible  Society  was  organized  in  November,  1869,  with  John 
R.  Hersh,  president.  Women,'  Christian  Temperance  Union,  New  Oxford 
branch,  was  organized  in  January.  1886.  A  division  of  the  G.  A.  E.  was  char- 
tered here  in  January.  1886.  The  headquarters  of  the  Post  are  in  the  "Eagle 
House."  Privatus  Social  Clubs,  organized  December  1,  1877,  continued  in  ex- 
nut  il  April.  1883.  New  Oxford  Building  Sociotv  was  organized  in  May, 
1870. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

In  1822  Dr.  Pfeiffer  was  appointed  first  postmaster  at  New  Oxford.  His 
salary  was  $125  tor  that  year.  In  August.  1885,  William  J.  Metzlerwaa  ap- 
pointed, and  he  opened  an  office  on  the  southeast  corner  of  the  square  and  the 
Abbottstown  road. 

The  "  Washington  House,"  now  a  boarding  house,  was  known  in  the  early 
history  of  the  village  as  "Butcher  Frederick's  Stand"  and  again  as  "Miley's 
Tavern."  In  the  last  century  it  was  kept  by  Frederick  and  Henry  Kuhn,  next 
by  John  Hersh:  in  1*10  1>\  <  leorge  Himes,  next  by  Fred  Burkman,  again  by  Fran- 
cis Hildt  and  then  bj  Philip  Heagy,  all  prior  to  1N84.  The  Mileys,  George  F. 
Becker,  Jacob  Beck,  1.  B.  Houser,  James  Hersh,  David  Miller,  A.  Malaun,  I.  D. 
AV.  Stonesifer,  James  Leece  and  the  late  Mr.  Law  conducted  this  house.  The 
latter  died  in  January.  1886,  and  his  widow  is  uow  the  lessee,  W.  D.  Emort 
being  the  owner  of  the  building  since  1885. 

The  "Eagle  House,"  on  (lie  northeast  corner  of  Carlisle  Street  and  Public 
Square,  was  erected  In  the  late  Jacob  Martin,  in  L856,  on  the  site  of  the  old 
Boyer  log  house.  Mr.  Martin,  who  died  in  1885,  conducted  it  as  a  grocery 
store  from  1M1  to  1856.  He  opened  it  as  a  hotel  in  1856  and  carried  it  on  un- 
til L867.  J.  11.  Wiesl  took  charge  in  1867.  Headded  a  story  to  the  building, 
erected  the  large  balcony  and  expended  about  $11,000  <>n  improvements. 
It  was  sold  at  sheriff's  sale  to  a  Philadelphia  Jew,  from  whom  .lame-.  Leece  pur- 
chased it  in  l^o.     It  is  an  extra  good  village  hotel,  nicely  situated,  and  claims 


328  HISTORY   OF  ADAMS   COUNTY. 

a  large  summer  trade.  An  old  tavern  stood,  where  is  now  the  Joseph  S.  Gitt 
residence,  about  ninety  years  ago. 

The  "Indian  Queen  Tavern,"  at  New  Oxford,  was  offered  for  rent  by 
William  Sturgeon  in  1822.  He  built  the  corner  house,  where  the  hardware 
store  is,  in  1800. 

The  first  railroad  agents  at  New  Oxford  were  the  grain  merchants,  Bas- 
tress  &  Winter,  in  1858.  George  Young,  although  a  grain  merchant  about 
this  time,  was  not  agent.  Frank  Hersh  succeeded  in  1859  or  I860,  and  he  m 
turn  was  succeeded  by  David  Hoke  about  1865.  In  1867  Frank  and  Paul 
Hersh  were  appointed  agents;  in  1871  the  Townsend  Bros,  took  charge, 
and  in  1873  H.  J.  Myers  was  appointed  agent.  C.  S.  Eebert  is  acting 
agent,  having  charge  of  the  telegraph,  passenger  and  freight  departments  of 
the  office. 


CHAPTER  XLIV. 

READING  TOWNSHIP. 


CONOWAGO  CREEK  forms  a  part  of  the  western  line  of  Reading  Township 
and  its  entire  southern  line  from  the  northwest  corner  of  Mountpleasant 
Township  to  the  line  of  York  County,  east  of  East  Berlin.  Streams  course  through 
the  township  north  toward  Bermudian  Creek  and  south  and  east  toward  Conowago 
Creek  There  is  very  little  mountain  land  found  in  this  division  of  the  county; 
but  many  prominent  "hills  occur.  The  soil  is  exceptionally  good  and  offers  to 
the  agriculturist  a  fair  reward  for  honest,  intelligent  labor.  The  elevation  at 
the  village  of  Hampton  is  552  feet. 

In  Reading  Township  the  rock  exposures  comprise  purple  mud  rock,  on  the 
county  line,  coarse-grained  trap,  light  bluish  mud  rock.  Oil  was  discovered 
on  the  Harman  farmnear  Hampton,  in  April,  1S66,  and  a  well  bored  by  Maj. 
Dyke  Similar  indications  occur-  on  the  Seminary  Farm  m  Berwick  Township. 
A  human  rib  was  found  in  a  rock,  taken  out  in  August,  1876  at  Dick  s  place 
in  this  township,  but  as  soon  as  exposed  to  the  air  it  crumbled  to  dust,       _  _ 

In  1811  the  bridge  across  the  Great  Conowago  at  "Blake  s  Fording  on 
the  Carlisle  and  Hanover  road,  was  built  by  John  Murphy  for  14,899.  It  is 
150  feet  long  and  contains  five  arches.  In  1S61  John  Fmley  built  the  covered 
bridge  on  the  East  Berlin  and  Harrisburg  road,  over  the  Conowago,  for  U,  i  W. 
In  1862  Samuel  Stouffer  erected  a  covered  wooden  bridge  at  Bear  s  ±ord 
of  the  Conowago,  on  the  York  Springs  and  Abbottstown  road  for  *2,343. 

In  Readinf  Township  there  was  only  one  retailer  of  foreign  merchandise 
in  1824,  viz. ,  Joseph  W.  Entler,  represented  by  John  Blake.  John  Bosserman 
was  the  returning  officer  of  the  township. 

The  number  of  taxpayers  (1886)  is  417;  value  of  real  estate,  $547,697, 
number  of  horses,  etc.,  469;  number  of  cows.  etc..  ol2;  value  of  moneys  at 
interest,  $72,749;  value  of  trades  and  professions,  $8,621;  number  of  carnages 
218  watched,  1;  acres  of  timber  land,  1.205.  The  population  in  1800  was 
687-  in  1810,  732;  in  1820,  818—413  males,  393  females.  3  slaves  and  9  free 
colored;  in  1830,  1,001;  in  1840,  1,028;  in  1850,  1.252  (2  colored);  in  1860, 
1,281;  in  1870,  1,326  (2  colored),  and  in  1880,  1,382. 


4fa 


^%- 


READING    TOWNSHIP. 


331 


Reading  Township,  through  its  delegate,  i'.  Myers,  voted  againsl  adopting 
Che  school  law  ofApri]  I.   L834,  in  the  count;  convention  of  November  I.  L834. 
In  Later  years,  however,  all  objections  were  withdrawn  ami  the  common  school 
adopted. 

The  assessment  of  the  township  was  made  in    December,  IT'.is,  ami  Janu 
arv.  L799,  by  Christian  Bushey,  assisted   l.\    .lames  Chamberlain,  and   John 
Hildebrand.     The  total  assessed  value  was  $126,670.75,  on  which  a  tax  of  27 
cents  per  sum  was  collected  \<\   Christian   Bnshey  ami  John   Picking.     The 
single  men  of  the  township,  denoted  by  letters  s.  M  .  were  taxed  $1  each. 


tsper 

Benrj  Asper 

Frederick  Asper 

Frederick  Asper,  Jr 

Jacob  Asper 

John  Asper 

Al 'fall :i in  Asper,  weaver 

Frederick  Asper,  joiner 

Abraham  Arnold,  joiner 

Peter  Aughenbough,  s.  m 

John  Aughenbougu 

Anthony  Aughenbough 

Jacob  Albert ' 

Benjamin  Bokwalter 

John  Beaker 

John  Bowman 

Dauiel  Brown 

Christian  Bushe] 

Barman  Bleaser 

Henry  Breasa] 

John  Bushey 

John  Bowar 

Nicholas  Bushe\ 

Peter  Bushey,  s.  m 

Thomas  Burns 

Benjamin  Beatty 

William  Beatty. 

Samuel  Beatty,  s.  m 

John  Bleack. 

sttty 

Jacob  Brough 

mil"  riain 

1  liamberlain 

i  isswell 

Thomas  Crisswell,  s.  m 

Abram  Chronister 

John  t  Ihronister 

Henry  Chronister 

Henry  Chronister,  Jr.,cordwinder,s  m. 

Michael  Cole 

Michael  Cole,  .lr..  s.  m 

George  Cole 

John  I  lameron 

Anthony  Deardorfl 

John  Deardorfl 

\.;m  rence  better 

Anthony  Deardorfl 

Peter  Deardorfl 

Patrick   Haley,  s.  m 

John  Ehrharl 

Samuel  Fleming,  s.  m 

Widow  Fox 

Fred,  rick  Fleager,  blacksmith 

John  Fox 


|  7;;      Chris.  Foglesong,  cordwinder f    648 

'-';      Borias  Fahnestock •-.':;* 

Tin       Daniel  Fahnestock 400 

SO1!       Abram  Flacher,  tailor 85 

410      John  Guslar 1,385 

54      John  Guslar,  s.  m 

30       David  Griffith 101 

30      Fred  Gelwicks -119 

;'l       Benry  (Jrovs 274 

Martain  Getts 68 

1,432      Jacob  Gardner,  tanner,  s.  m 30 

lames  Beastot,  tanner no 

1,164       Michael  ll:ii-l...it 1,309 

'-'.  I  i  7       John  I  hililer.  s.  in 

■-'''I      Philip  Beanaman 1,383 

312      Adam  Beartzel 46 

1,604      Jacob  Bollinger 58 

1,086      Philip  Bohaugh 869 

384      Nehemiah  Howell 87 

33      flenrv  Hull 908 

878      William  Hodge,  Jr 1169 

100      Richard  Banna,  9.  m 

1,795      GeorgeHerman 401 

Andrew  Hardman 400 

894      Conrad  Beans 796 

8,516      Ulrich  Buver 1,800 

•■Jl      Jacob  I  lubble,  s.  m.  

John  Bildebrand,  tanner 1,210 

'.his      Joseph  How,  s.  m.,  blacksmith SO 

15      Valentine  Bollinger 44 

Caac  Bemis,  cooper 30 

1.063  Benjamin  Barlocher,  clock-maker. .. .      133 
1,547      William  Johnston* 1,941 

630      Martain  John 709' 

George  Jones,  \\  caver 47 

46      Philip  Kimmel 1,056 

•'ill       Michael  Kimmel 941 

8,567      Jonas  Kimmel 689 

15      Jacob  Kimmel 16 

1,130      Isaiah  King,  mason 846 

85      Christian  King,  cordwinder 883 

21      Abram  King.  s.  m -'!4 

80      Leonard  King,  s.  m.,  mason 174 

8,700      Valentine  Knob 1,418 

1,668      Jacob  Knob,  s.  m 

1  376      Michael  Krugh,  cordwinder -'17 

1,180      David  Kilmer 971 

771       Henry  Kilmer 791 

Michael  Keener,  blacksmith 32 

829      John  Lighty 1,278 

John  Lighty,  s.  m 80 

1.064  Mathias  Lighty,  s.  m 

374      Isaac  Latshaw,  Br 1,387 

722       Cane  Latshaw,  Jr 1,026- 


•Including  one  slare. 


332 


HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 


Philip  Leace.  s.  m $ 

Leonard  Leace 2,268 

Philip  Levieh 760 

Benjamin  Lighty 635 

Widow  Learner 1 47 

Jarrit  Long 1,382 

David  Myers 1,200 

Henry  Myers 54 

JohnMalone 1,658 

Widow  Malone 1,439 

Jacob  Moore 925 

Robert  McCnrdy.  s.  m 

Peter  Musselman 480 

Jacob  Mislilar 431 

Jacob  Miley,  s,  m 1,156 

John  Miley.  s.  m 1.156 

George  Millar 620 

Adam  Moser.  wagon-maker 71 

John  Mheelman  (or  Wheelman) 7 

Nicholas  Myers 1,901 

Henry  Myers 1,182 

Henry  Martzall 14 

Jacob  Myers 1,265 

John  Myers,  inn-keeper 3,156 

James  McFarland 1,886 

William  McFarland,  s.  ni 

John  Myers 646 

Robert  McCorkle 1,108 

Nicholas  Myers 1,006 

Widow  MeCurdv 584 

James  Malagin.. 41 

John  Niehman.  tailor 619 

Henry  Nell 2.140 

Jacob  Nell,  s.  m 

John  Neely,  Sr 614 

James  Neely 594 

Thomas  Neely 603 

John  Overholtzer 1,818 

Christian  Overholtzer,  s.  m.,  miller.. .  30 

Samuel  Overholtzer,  s.  m 

John  Overholtzer,  Jr 339 

John  Oblanis 2,275 

Alexander  Oblanis,  s.  m 15 

John  Picking,  Jr.,  s.  m 

Henry  Picking,  s.  m.,  mason 30 

John'Picking 1,143 


Henry  Picking $    804 

Jacob  Picking  (deceased) 360 

John  Posserman 1,163 

Abram  Posserman,  s.  m 

Robert  Pollockf 624 

James  Pollock 728 

David  Pollock 561 

John  Pollock 573 

Simon  Pechar 1,397 

Peter  Painter 174 

FredRyder 968 

Jacob  Rowdebush 664 

Peter  Raflelsberger,  blacksmith 37 

Jacob  Raflelsberger.  blacksmith 190 

Jacob  Roof,  s.  m.,  blacksmith 15 

Patrick  Russell,  weaver 29 

Philip  Sawrbough,  s.  m 

David  Sawrbough 869 

Jacob  Slider.  .    1,042 

Frederick  Slider,  s.  m.,  weaver 20 

Christian  Sipe,  cooper 27 

Nicholas  Sriver,  carpenter 34 

Daniel  Slagle 418 

Daniel  Switzer 47 

Philip  Sriver 281 

Lawrence  Spring 1,048 

Mathias  Stulliberger 40 

Paul  Troup 1,438 

John  Troup,  tanner 61 

James  Twineam 855 

Nicholas  Vance 856 

Jacob  Vance 7 

John  Vance 629 

Paul  WTolf 1,289 

Henry  Wolf,  s.  m 

David  Weaver,  tailor 564 

David  Weaver.  Sr 874 

Adam  Wolf,  weaver 27 

William  Weakly} 1,693 

James  Weakly,  s.  m 

John  Wilson,  s.  m 25 

Valentine  Walshe.  s.  m 

George  White 614 

George  Wollot 329 

Daniel  Yother,  blacksmith 27 


CHURCHES. 

The  Union  Church,  a  meeting-house  for  Presbyterian,  German  Reformed 
Lutheran  and  Methodist  worshipers,  was  built  here  in  1S44,  and  in  that  year  the 
old  school  building,  which  was,  indeed,  more  church  than  school,  was  ridded  of 
its  periodical,  god-like  visitors,  and  left  at  the  disposal  of  the  mischievous 
urchins  of  forty  years  ago.  Prior  to  the  erection  of  the  old  schoolhouse,  the 
Union  Church,  which  stood  in  St.  Paul's  or  the  Pines  grave-yard,  was  the 
place  of  meeting. 

The  United  Brethren  Society  worshiped  in  the  Union  Church  until  their 
new  building  was  dedicated,  January  30,  1859,  by  Rev.  J.  S.  Smith  and  Rev. 
Benjamin  Albert,  preacher,  who  succeeded  Rev.  C.  Weyl. 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Society,  organized  in  1851  by  Rev.  Mr.  Ulrich, 
continued  worship  in  the  old  Union  building. 

The  Gentian  Baptist  Society,  said  to  be  one  of  the  oldest  organizations  of 
this  faith  in  the  county,  erected  a  house  of  worship  in  1861    just  north  of  the 

tAlso  spelled  Pollick. 
{Two  slaves  valued  at  8100, 


BTR  \r.  w   TOWNSHIP.  333 

village  on  the  pike  road.      Rev.  A. lam  Brown,   referred  to  in  other  pages,  h;is 
Berved  this  society  f< t  many  years. 

The  Upper  Conowago  German  Baptist  Church  was  razed  in  1882,  and  a 
new  building  erected  on  the  ground,  and  is  known  as  Mummert's  Meeting- 
house, near  Easl  Berlin.  The  building  committee  comprised  Jesse  Massmore, 
EUias  Bollinger,  William  Stoner,  Joseph  E.  Bowser  and  P.  S.  Baker. 

IIAM11  i    N 

This  village  was  surveyed  and  platted  in  181 1  for  Dr.  John  I'>.  Arnold  and 
Daniel  Deardorff;  bui  the  settlemeni  of  the  immediate  neighborhood  antedates 
its  survey  bj  years.  The  firsi  lot  was  sold  in  1M  I.  an. I  a  bouse  erected  there- 
on by  David  Albert.  This  is  an  old  postal  town,  as  shown  in  the  records  of 
postmasters,  given  in  the  general  history.  In  August,  1885,  Lewis  C.  Geisel 
man.  a  merchant  of  the  village,  was  appointed  postmaster,  via  Benrj  Meyers, 
who  held  the  office  under  the  late  administration.  The  hotel  i-  known  as  the 
"  Washington  House. "  The  elevation  of  the  village  above  the  ocean  level  is 
estimated  at  552  feet,  and  its  population  at  200. 

ROUND    HILL. 

This  is  the  name  given  to  it  group  of  houses  near  the  line  of  Huntington 
Township,  forming  the  center  of  a  rich  agricultural  district. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

John  Blake  offered  a  reward  of  $10  for  the  return  to  him  of  a  seventeen- 
years-old  negro  girl,  who  ran  away  from  his  home  in  Reading  Township, 
three  miles  from  Berlin.  November  21,  L803. 

During  the  high  water  of  June,  L825,  Jacob  Hollinger's  wife  and  three 
children,  of  Reading  Township,  were  drowned  at  Walsh's  mill,  about  two 
mill's  from  Berlin.  About  the  same  time  Samuel  Hilt,  engaged  on  the  new 
bridge  at  that  place,  was  also  drowned. 


CHAPTER  XLV. 
STRABAX  TOWNSHIP. 


ROCK  CREEK  forms  the  western  line  of  Straban  Township,  Conowago 
Creek  a  pail  of  its  northern  and  eastern  lines,  and  Sweet  Run  a  portidn 
of  its  southeastern  line.  The  water-shed  is  clearly  defined.  Streams,  north, 
east  and  southeast  of  Hunterstown,  flow  north:  and  west  of  that  village  they 
coins,,  to  Rock  Creek.  The  northeastern  part  of  the  town-hip  i>  \rr\  rugged- 
There,  also,  is  thi'  Pine  Ridge,  for  years  irreclaimable,  hut  now  reduced  to  tine 
farming  land.  En  this  neighborhood  the  altitude  is  calculated  at  aboul  600 
feet.  Throughout  the  surface  rolls  heavily;  yet  the  farms  are  model-,  of  agri 
cultural  wealth-givers.  The  elevation  above  the  Atlantic,  at  New  Chester,  is 
552  feet,  and  at  Hunterstown.  578  feet.  Copper  ore  was  mined  by  Calloway 
Bro>.,  near  Hunterstown.  in  L884,  and  shipped  to  the  smelting  works  at  Dills- 
burg. 


334 


HISTORY   OF   ADAMS  COUNTY, 
and  John  Kain  were  the  only  retailers  of  foreign  mercban- 


of  gold  watches,  12;  silver  watches,  1;  of  acres  of  timber  land  2,364  The 
population  in  1800  was  987;  in  1820,  1403  including  4  slaves  forty-nine .free 
colored  and  the  103  inhabitants  of  Hnnterstown ;  in  1880,  ^808,  m  1840, 
1,375;  in  1850,  1,433  (13  colored);  in  1860,  1,466  (6  colcied),  in  ltWU, 
1,547 '(11  colored);    and  in  1880,  1,712. 

Straban  Township,  through  its  delegate  in  convention  of  November  4   1834, 
Toted  for  the  adoption  of  the  school  law;  the  State  appropriation  was  $143.54, 

311  In  1807' the  first  contract  for  a  stone  bridge  was  made  with  William  Max- 
well for  one  across  Bock  Creek,  just  east  of  Gettysburg,  ength  60  feet 
three  arches,  cost  $2,400.  The  bridge,  still  standing  at  \\  olf  . |  ?n  *he  *ew 
Chester  road,  was  built  in  1813,  over  ^\Co™?^inX*™l*Zjel 
$2  1<J5  It  is  80  feet  long,  and  has  three  arches.  In  1840  John  Camp  erected 
I  wooden  bridge  over  thereat  Conowago  on  the  road  from  Hun Mnm  to 
Latshaw's  mill  for  $1,350.      The  railroad   was  completed  to   Guldens  bta- 

ti0TheU  a^smerfof  Straban  Township  made  in  1799  for  the  year 18(W  gives 
the  value  of  property  at  $132,197,  on  which  a  tax  of  30  cents  per  $100  was 
collected  by  Garret  Van  Arsdal  and  George  Williamson.  John  Brinkerhoff  was 
The  thirty  one  single  men  in  the  township  at  that  date  were  taxed 

Hugh  Campbell,  schoolmaster  not  taxed 

John  Dixon,  distiller,  squire i  noi 

Samuel  Dixon,  s.  m I.""* 

Adam  Davis,  blacksmith ^ 

Jacob  Deitriek bo-l 

Elizabeth    Dunwoody °°' 

Andrew  Dushain,  tailor W 

David  Demaree ,  ««£ 

Adam  Ersick 

Andrew  Irvin 

J  ames  Fleming 

William  Fleming 

John    Felty,    s.   m.,  tanner,  formerly 

Clinsefelty a*' 

Martin  Fry '' 

Abram  Fickes .  °^ 

John  Gallatine.  tailor .f  ™ 

Robert  Graham ™» 

William  Gilliland,  judge* *.«« 


assessor. 
$1  each 


.$     50 


Henry  Ashbnugh.  . 
Widow  Aumerman. .  . . 

Henry  Aumerman §U 

James   Allon j™ 

Abram  Bercaw 1.100 

Richard  Brown "."^ 

George  Bercaw l.oj" 

Alex  Bogle,  s.  m ™9 

Eliza  Bogle,  widow 

James  Bell 1'14"t 

George  Bolden,  shoe-maker 50 

John  Beeher,  distiller 1,019 

Widow  Bodine J]:' 

John  Bowdine '^ 

Henry  Black ™ 

William  Bogle 2,109 

George  Rercaw,  s.  m »f» 

John  Brough °»> 

George  Brinkerhoff 

John  "Brinkerhoff 

Peter  Baitter 

George  Bryars,  not  taxed. 
Alexi  Clark,  not  taxed.  . 
Jacob  Cassatt. 


1,020 

547 

1,050 

2,008 


George  Guilder 


100 


1,500 


2,085 


John  Cameron rJ;j 

Widow  Campbell °°= 

Samuel  Cassatt,  shoe-maker o» 

Major  Robert  Campbell 1.3-J4 

David  Cassatt b94U 

George  Cashman '°£ 

Christian    Cashman ,"5: 

John  Cashman,    nailer tuu 

Archibald  Coulter ••      J'° 


for  Squire  Russell  j \.®& 

John  Graft £'*" 

Philip  Graft,  distiller £**[ 

Stephen  Griffin • ••  8,446 

Edward  Hunt,  schoolmaster,  for.  .  1  .        ou 
William  King,  lot  in  Hunterstown  S  ■        '» 

George  Hosier,  wagon-maker »<» 

Peter  Hick  '™ 

Samuel  Haddon 2r 

Samuel  Houlsworth,  s.  m l^™ 

Alex  Hamilton,  not  taxed 

Alex  Hamilton,  s.  m 

Capt.  William  Hamilton 


852 
170 


•Including  one  slave. 


8TRABAN   TOWNSHIP. 


335 


Hays  $2,148 

B    ■  .  ■    Huffman 1,504 

Daniel  HufEman  1,700 

Dr.  James  Hamilton,  s.  m 170 

Jacob  Haingsi    blacksmith I  ts 

Samuel  Hays,  Sr 614 

Samuel  Hays.  Jr.,  distiller 670 

Edward  Hagenl 150 

Aaron  Haggeman.weaver 50 

Arthur  Harbaugh,*  shoe-maker 80 

I  lorn 1,273 

.  Hartman 50 

Hoke 100 

Kipp,  not  taxed 

George  Knopp 981 

i  i«oi  ge  Lashell's,  tavern  and  store         I  678 

Adam  Livingston . .  8,000 

David   Little   028 

William  Long,  b.  m  ,foi  Rev.  Hender- 
son    1111 

Henry  Little 75 

Daniel  Longnecker 788 

Gilbert  Leonard  3,138 

William  Long,  8r„  grist,  aaw-mill  and 

three  slaves. 2,211 

Robert  Mclntire,  weaver 50 

John  McGufHn,  weaver 75 

John  Morrow 956 

Michael  lioret 700 

John  McClure 1,118 

John  McClelland,    / 100 

for  John  Patterson  (' 1,104 

Christian  Mieshe 1.105 

Capt.  Robert  Mcllhenny,  not  taxed.. 

Jacob  Muskenunk 1,4:10 

George  Muskenunk  / 70 

for  Widow   Crowell  \ 182 

\\  illiam  McGrewi 2,180 

John  Montfort 982 

Jacob  May  1,42(1 

Andrew    Miller 70 

Daniel  Montieth 77s 

Henry  Martzall,  formerly  Peter  Sharp 

property 774 

William  McMaster,  weaver  / 50 

for  Anthoin   Deardorff  \ 150 

Samuel  Neely,  not  taxed  

John  Xeely.' 70 

George  Oyster 1,673 

Samuel  Orsburn 1,072 

John  RattOrff,  weaver 50 

Christian  Ropp 214 

I  M    Reed  

David  Routzong,  not  taxed. 

John  Routzong 920 


DavidRoss $1,503 

Jacob  Rex,  s.  m  .  carpenter 100 

Peter  Rufelbei  ger,  blacksmith 271 

George  Rumble 896 

Jacob  Rumble,  weaver  for  John  Myers    180 

John    Rumble 70 

Henry  Rumble 100 

John  Ririeharl 1,100 

Peter  Rogers,  weaver 

Widow  Rossler    

Tobias  Starry  for  Simpson 1,955 

Henry  Sn\  der  for  Squire  r.reen 1,960 

John  Sample 1,978 

Andrew  Sigler  or  Zeigler 1,880 

Thomas  Sanders 50 

Henry  Saltgiver 1.478 

Lawrence  Sneeringer 250 

Q 'ge  Spangler 1.318 

Jacob  Spangler 150 

James  Starling,  weaver )  ..  30 

Lashel's  half  lot  in  Hunterstown  |  ..  50 

Judge  W  illiam  Sc»tt,  Bedford 1,338 

William  Sweet,   led.  taxed 

David  Scott 1,145 

George  Strossell,  blacksmith,  former- 
ly  Buamgarter 100 

Francis  Stallsmith 1,078 

Elizabeth  Tate,  widow 1,073 

Adam  Tawney 753 

Hannah  Tawney.  widow 

Philip  Thomas,  distiller 1,748 

Jacob  Taughenbaugli.  / 00 

for   Val    Kickes            f 496 

Samuel  Tagert,  formerly  S.  Reed. .. .  1,028 

Dines  V  and  in  e,  weaver 51 

David  Vanderbilt,  a.  m 680 

Thomas  Vantine 1,000 

Garret    Van   Arsdal,  formerly  Law 

re  nee  Montfort 1,000 

Isaac  Van  Arsdal 1,000 

Stephen  Wilde,  for  Wilsons 1,330 

William  Walker 480 

George  Williamson 1.308 

Peter  Williamson 170 

Thomas  Wilson,  s.  in 1,456 

Roberl  Wilson 774 

William  Wilson,  not  taxed 

Jacob   Wart 2.023 

George  War! 170 

Burke  Wart 160 

Moses  Wright 30 

James  Whuford 70 

John  Yong 571 

Adam  Yeage,  Sr 1,314 

Adam  Yeage,  Jr 70 


The  single  men  residing  in  the  township,  other  than  those  named  above, 
were  Joshua  Bercaw,  John  Baitler,  William  Cashman.  Jacob  Colesmith,  weav- 
er; Jacob  Cassatt,  David  Demaree,  tanner;  Daniel  Deuiareo.  tanner;  Henry 
Gallentine,  tailor;  John  Gilliland.  William  Long,  Jr.,  Alex.  Long,  James 
McCafferty.  George  McCause,  John  Moses,  John  McMaster,  James  McGlaugh- 
lin,  weaver:  Neal  Me(  Joy,  William  Proctor,  John  Proctor.  Andrew  Rassler,  Will- 
iam Ross,  tailor;  John  Saltgiver,  William  Sterling,  weaver;  John  Tawney, 
Christopher  Thomas,  James  Thompson,  Cornelius  Van  Arsdal,  Garret  Van 
Arsdal,  John  Yeage  and  John  Yeagy. 


336  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

In  June  1758,  there  was  a  review  of  Adams  County  soldiers  twenty-two 
miles  west  of  York,  and  one  also  at  Hunterstown.  David  Hunter,  the  founder 
of  Hunterstown,  was  captain  of  the  militia  in  1758,  and  served  under  Gen. 
Forbes  in  the  expedition  against  Fort  Du  Quesne.  George  Stevenson,  writing 
in  May  1758  to  R.  Peters,  secretary  of  the  province,  states  that  he  appoint- 
ed David  Hunter  and  Benjamin  Smith,  of  Hunterstown,  a  committee  to  meet 
Sir  John  St  Clair.  The  National  Guard,  a  company  of  forty-five  men,  was 
organized  at  Hunterstown  February  12,  1859  with  Dr.  C.  E:  Goldsborough, 
captain  William  N.  Sanders,  lieutenant.  The  soldiers  from  Straban,  who 
answered  the  call  of  April,  1861,  were  Theo.  C.  Norris,  third  sergeant; 
William  F  Weikert,  and  James  W.  Ford.  They  were  mustered  in  with  com- 
pany E,  second  regiment,  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry.  In  the  winter  of 
1867-68  the  Straban  Infantry  was  organized 

A  part  of  this  township  belonged  to  the  ' '  Manor  of  the  Maske,  as  laid  out 
for  the  Penns  in  1740,  and  shared  in  all  the  fortunes  of  that  manor.  Among 
the  entries  of  land  made  prior  to  1842,  and  recorded  April  2,  1 ,92,  were  those 
of  William  Stephenson,  in  May,  1741;  Andrew  Levenstone,  m May,  1740,  and 
John  Simple  or  Sample,  same  year;  a  few  other  settlers  in  the  manor  may 
have  owned  lands  in  this  section;  but  there  is  no  specific  record  extant  Out- 
side the  manor  lines  were  the  settlers,  whose  death  record  is  given  in  the  his- 
tory of  the  old  Pines  Church.  . 

The  "  Pines  "  Presbyterian  Church,  a  pioneer  concern  indeed,  was  contem^ 
porary  with  the  old  chinch  of  "Great  Conowago."  In  the  eastern  end  of 
the  present  St.  Paul' s  Cemetery  this  church  stood  until  1803,  when  it  was  re- 
moved to  give  place  to  the  first  Union  log  chinch  building  at  that  point. 
Amone  the  Irish  Presbyterians  interred  there,  headstones  were  erected  to  those 
named  in  the  following  list,  name  and  date  of  death  being  given:  J™lm 
Long,  1806;  John  Monteith,  1789;  Jennet,  his  wife,  1791;  Alex  Mclntire 
1786;  Marget  Kerr,  1753;  Archibald  Douglass,  1/62;  Hugh  Caldwell,  1*85, 
Josiah  Kerr,  1784;  Mary,  his  wife,  1801;  Mary  Kerr,  1814;  George  Horn, 
1832-  Arch  Coulter,  1806;  Susanna  Coulter,  1814;  Elinor  Coulter,  181  o,  Mar- 
tha Coulter,  1811;  Robert  Sturgeon,  1750;  Robert  Lorimer,  1773;  Margaret, 
wife  of  Robert  McCorkle,  1809;  William  McFarland,  1782;  Thomas  McCaus- 
lin    1789;  Name  McFarland.  1782. 

The  "Pines"  or  St.  PauTs  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church,  on  the  Hunters- 
town and  New  Chester  road,  was  commenced  April  27,  1861,  and  completed  in 
the  fall.  Close  by  it  is  the  old  cemetery  of  the  district,  and  within  this 
village  of  the  dead  is  the  still  older  cemetery  referred  to  in  the  history  of  the 
Pines  Presbyterian  Church.  Here,  late  in  the  last  century,  a  number  of  the 
early  Irish  settlers  built  a  log  chinch,  which  was  razed  m  1803,  when  the  first 
Union  Lutheran  and  Reformed  Church  was  built,  which  continued  in  use  un- 
til the  present  house  was  erected.  The  materials  of  the  old  house  were  used 
in  building  a  house  at  New  Chester  now  belonging  to  John  Ivuhn.  The  min- 
istry of  thfs  church,  from  1803,  is  identical  with  that  of  the  other  Union  Lu- 
theran Churches  in  this  district.  

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Society*  of  Hunterstown  dates  back  for  member- 
ship to  1739,  when  Revs.  Henry  Furlong  and  John  M.  Jones  visited  the  neigh- 
borhood and  preached  to  the  few  Methodists  then  to  be  found  here.  A  cen- 
tury later  the  first  steps  were  taken  to  organize  a  society,  when  Revs.  JosiaU 
Forrest  and  Wesley  Howe  preached  in  one  of  the  houses  in  the  neighborhood. 
LTaiyei;  the  Gettysburg  preachers  held  services  in  the  old  schoolhouse 

"     *A  great  Methodist  i^opal  camp  meeting  was  held  on  the  James  Brinkerhoff  farm  three  miles  fr^, 
Gettysburg,  on  the  Yoik  Pike  iu  August,  1828. 


STRABAN    TOWNSHIP.  337 

near  the  eastern  end  of  the  village,  and  Erom  thai  time  forward  this  church 
has  been  an  institution  bere. 

The  brick  church,  erected  at  Hunterstown  in  lv~'^  b]  the  Methodisi  Society, 
was  dedicated  January  L9,  L859.     This  building  was  blown  down  September 
;'..  L879,  and  in  its  place  was  erected  the  preseni  bouse,  dedicated  April  I.  L880, 
The  church  belongs  to  York  Springs  Circuit,  which  was  formed  oui  of  Gettys 
burg  in  1844. 

I'll,    German   Reformed  Society  of  New  Chester  dates  back  to  1803,  when 

66   I  oion  Church   was  erected.      In    1862  the  Slum'  Church  at    New 

Chester  was  begun  and  the  building  was  dedicated  in  March,  L863.     Around 

it   i~  a  well  kepi  cemetery,  and  the  church  itself  is  a  substantial  and  neat 

building. 

HUNTERSTOWN. 

This  place  was  platted  in  IT  Hi  or  1750  by  David  Hunter,  who  came  from 
Ireland  about  1741.  and  cast  his  fortunes  with  the  Pine  Ridge  settlers.  It 
was  known  as  "  Woodstock  "  in  early  years,  and  about  the  close  of  the  last  cen 
tury  was  called  "Straban  Center."  During  the  Revolution  this  little  settle- 
ment was  "the  hot  bed  of  rebellion;"  hut  fortunately  fcr  its  history,  the  rebels 
opposed  foreign  oppression,  and  fought  with  such  prowess  throughout  the 
Revolution,  thai  Lafayette  himself  said:  "It  is  no  surprise  the  French  were  de- 
feated twenty  years  ago,  when  the  late  oppressor  of  the  colonies  brought  for- 
ward Buch  yeomanry  against  them."  The  people  were  part  and  parcel  of  the 
Marsh  Creek  settlement.  The  village  is  the  center  of  a  rich  country,  possesses 
a  fei\  general  stores,  a  hotel,  two  churches,  and  a  number  of  private  bouses. 
Hill  Station,  on  the  Hanover  Junction,  Hanover  &  Gettysburg  Rail- 
road is  the  shipping  point.  Hunterstown  postoffice  was  established  about  IVJ;, 
with  George  Armor  postmaster.  In  April,  1858,  E.  M.  Felty  was  appointed 
to  the  office,  vice  Simon  Melhorn  (deceased).  Mrs.  Jane  King  has  been 
postmistress  here  several  years. 

In  January,  L805,  the  530  acres  of  the  deceased  Stephen  Giffen,  together 
with  a  guild  orchard,  buildings,  etc.,  were  offered  for  sale.  The  old  .Joseph 
McKelip  brick  tavern  at  Hunterstown  was  purchased  in  1S18  by  Thomas  Mc- 
Kelip,  who  carried  mi  the  tavern  and  mercantile  business.  John  Gourlay  and 
Abram  King  were  appointed  a  Savannah  relief  committee  at  Hunterstown  in 
February.   1820. 

CHURCHES  AND  CEMETERIES. 

Great  Conotvago  Presbyterian  Church. — This  church  is  located  five  miles 
northeast  of  Gettysburg,  near  the  village  of  Hunterstown,  and  takes  its  name  from 
Conowago  Creek.  The  date  of  the  organization  of  this  church  can  not  be  exactly 
determined.  It  was.  doubtless,  organized  about  the  time  of  the  settlement  of 
the  Scotch-Irish  in  this  part  of  the  country.  The  earliest  recorded  mention  of 
it  is  found  in  the  minutes  of  the  Presbytery  of  Donegal  in  1740.  and  from  this 
period  we  date  it-  history.  For  a  number  of  years  the  church  seems  to  have 
had  no  settle. I  pa-tor.  Religious  services  were  kept  up  by  supplies  appointed 
by  the  Presbytery;  among  them  we  find  the  names  of  Revs.  Samuel  Caven, 
Lyon.  Steel  and  Hindman.  In  1749  this  congregation  called  its  first  pastor, 
Rev.  Samuel  Thompson,  who  accepted  this  call.  He  remained  as  pastor  of 
this  church  for  a  period  of  thirty  years,  when,  on  account  of  the  infirmities  of 
age,  he  resigned.  He  died  in  1787.  In  17S0  a  call  was  made  out  for  the  Rev. 
Joseph  Henderson,  promising  him  in  the  faithful  discharge  of  his  duties  697 
bushels  of  wheat  for  his  salary.  He  accepted  the  call  and  was  ordained  and 
installed  June  20,  1781.      The  first  church   erected  by  this   congregation  was 


338  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

built  between  the  years  1743  and  1749.      It  was  a  log  building   near  the  site 
o    the  present  church.      It  was  primitive  in   every  way;   rough  benches  were   . 
used  for  seats;  there  were  no  stoves  in  the  building;  the  only  heating  appara- 
tus was  a  private  arrangement  called  a   "  foot-stove, "    a  sheet-iron  box,   m 
which  was  placed  a  quantity  of  charcoal  embers,  and  the  whole  encased  ma 
wooden  box,  sometimes  elaborately  carved.      This  the  worshiper  earned  with 
him  into  his  pew,  and  upon  it  placed  his  feet.      One  or  two  specimens  of  these 
portable  furnaces  may  still  be  seen  in  the  neighborhood      In  the  s.xh  year  of 
Mr  Henderson' s  pastorate,  the  old  log  (church)  gave  way  to  the  present  building 
wnich  is  of  stone'  and  shews  by  the  style  of  its  architecture  that  it  belongs  to 
a  past  a-e.      In  the  front  gable  of  the  building  is  a  circular  stone  with  this  in- 
scrSon     "Be.  Ioseph  Henderson  Meetind  House,    1787."     Although  the 
mSes  of  almost  a  century  have  gathered  on  the  foundations  of  this  church, 
Z  walls  appear  as  firm  and  perfect  as  when  first  built.      Mr    Henderson  con- 
tinuld  to  rlpastor  of  this  congregation  for  eight  years  after  the  erection  of  the 
church      In  the  year  1  795  1,,  resigned.      From  the  retirement  of  Mr.   Hender- 
son to  1800  the  church  was  without  a  pastor.     In  1  98  these  churches  were 
mVed  in  one  charge,  and  in  1800  they  made  out  the  call  for  Dr  McConaughy  * 
Each  church  was  to  have  half  of  Dr.  McConaughy's  time,  and  pay  half  of  his 
falary  the  whole  of  which  was  $400.     Dr.  McConaughy  was  a  native  of  Adams 
County   born  in  Menallen  Township  September  20,  1775.     He  graduated  at 
Dickinson  College  with  the  first  honors  of  his  class,  and  was  licensed  to  preach 
by  Te  Presbytery  of  New  Castle  October  5,  1797.     Dr.  McConaughy  was  pas- 
tor of  this  church  from  1800  to  1832. 

The  next  pastor  of  this  church  was  the  Eov.  James  C   Watson   D   D     who 
was  installed  pastor  for  half  his  time  in  connection  with  the  church  of  Getty  s- 
tog  wHch  had  the  other  half  of  his  time,  October  14,  1832.      Dr.  V^  atson «- 
signed  this  charge  in  1849  and  with  his  resignation  the  union  between  this 
chinch  and  the  church   of  Gettysburg  in  one  charge  ceased      During  the  va- 
cancy which  followed  the  resignation  of  Dr.  Watson    and  the  calling  of  the 
next  pastor,  the  church  building  was  repaired  and  remodeled  somewhat.       The 
enSance  was  changed  from  the  side  to  the  *id.     A  vestibule  and  choir  gal- 
lery were  added,  and  the  old  goblet-shaped  pulpit,  with  its  sounding  board 
lave  way  to   one    of    more   modern   style.      After  a  vacancy  of  little  over  one 
felr  The  congregation  united  in  a  call  for  the  Rev.  I.   N.   Hays    of  Cannon^ 
buS  Penn  ,  wh?ch  he  accepted,  and  was  installed  October  10,  1850.     In  1854 
Mr  "Hays  responded  to  a  call  to  the  church  of  Middle  Spring  near  Shippensburg, 
Cumberland  County  and  the  Presbytery  dissolved  the  relation  June  13,  18o4 
This  was  the  shortest  pastorate  in  the  history  of  the  church.      Here  occurred  a 
vacancy  of  four  years,  during  which  the  church  weakened  m  numerical  strength 
partly  on  account  of   immigration  to  other  parts,  but  very  much   owing,    no 
douS   to  its  being  without  a  pastor.       A  union  was  sough    with  Lower  Marsh 
Creek   and  these  two  churches  were  formed  into  a  pastoral  charge   the  agree- 
mentbeinc  made  June  6,  1857.      In  August  of  the  same  year  a  call  was  made 
Tt  for  the"  pastoral  services  of  Rev.  John  R.  Warner.     Mr.  Warner  accepted 
the  call,  and  entered  upon  his  duties  as  pastor  in  November   18 o 7,  but  was  not 
installed  till  April   23    1858.      During  his  connection  with  these  churches  the 
battle  of  Gettysburg  was  fought,  and  both  of  the  church  edifices  were  used  for 
^hort  tfrneL  hospitals  foAhe  enemy.     M,  Warner  sent    h,=  -d 
many  papers  valuable  to  the  congregation.,  to  Chambers* rrg  foi -safe keeping . 
These  were  all  lost  in  the  burning  of  that  place  July  30,  1864.     Mi.  Warner 


^■Afterward  president  of  Washington  College,  Penn. 


%2^UZ& 


C&(/}?%£^-' 


TYRONE   TOWNSHIP.  341 

resigned  this  charge  in  1867.  For  two  years  from  this  time  this  church  was 
again  without  a  pastor,  but  not  without  preaching.  Rev.  E.  Ferrier,  D.  D., 
then  a  professor  in  Pennsylvania  College,  supplied  it  most  ofthetime.  January 
23,  L869,  a  call  was  made  oul  for  the  present  pastor,  Rev.  \V.  S.  Van  Clove 
for  half  his  time  Lower  Marsh  Creek  to  have  the  other  half.  Mr,  VanCleve 
entered  upon  the  duties  of  the  pastorate  April  1.  1869.  The  call  was  formally 
presented  and  accepted  at  a  meeting  ofthe  Presbyterj  of  Carlisle  in  Shippens 
burg,  on  the  second  Tuesday  of  Lpril,  1869,  and  in  Maj  following  the  relation 
was  consummated  by  the  following  committee:  Rev.  John  A.  Crawford,  D.  D., 
I.  N.Hays  and  I.  M.  Patterson.    Sir.  Van  Cleve  still  continues  in  thisrelation 

NBV     0HE8TEB, 

New  Chester  or  Pinetown,  and  in  early  days  called  "Martzallville,"  was 
surveyed  for  Henry  Mart/all  in  1804  (then  owner  of  the  Peter  Sharp  tract)  a 
year  after  Union  Church  was  erected  on  Pine  Ridge,  and  fifty-five  years  after 
the  old  Presbyterian  Church  was  built  on  the  same  site.  Theodore  TanghiD 
baugh  was  appointed  first  postmaster  at  New  Chester  in  1834.  The  village  is 
Located  in  the  vallej  of  the  great  Conowago  and  partly  on  the  side  of  Pine 
Ridge.  The  location  possesses  many  of  those  pleasing  features  which  valley, 
hill  and  river  confer.  In  the  lower  part  of  the  village  is  the  new  German  Re- 
formed Church,  builtin  1882  63.  The  hotel  known  as  the  "Kuhn  Temper- 
ance House."  a  few  stores  and  a  number  of  pleasant  homes  make  up  New 
Chester  of  to  day. 

PLAIN  VI KW. 

This  is  the  name  given  in  1876  to  a  postal  hamlet  near  the  north  line  of  the 
township.     It.  McHhenny  is  postmaster. 

GRANITE     HILL. 

This  village  was  so  named  when  it   was  laid  out  in  1858,  and  the  railroad 
was  built  to  this  point.      It  is  also  a  post-town,  with  A.  Hoke  in  charge. 


CHAPTER  XL VI. 
TYRONE  TOWNSHIP. 

TYROXE  runs  south  from  the  north  line  of  the  county  to  Conowago  Creek, 
bounded  on  the  west  by  Menallen,  Butler  and  Straban  Townships,  and 
on  the  east  by  Huntington  and  Reading,  being  very  irregular  in  form.  Ber- 
mudian  Creek  marks  its  northeastern  boundary  from  the  line  of  Cumberland 
County  to  the  angle  on  the  Trimmer  farm.  A  number  of  miniature  streams 
flow  from  the  east  into  this  creek.  Conowago  Creek  runs  along  its  south- 
western line,  while  one  of  the  main  feeders  of  this  creek  forms  its  southeastern 
line,  dividing  it  from  Reading.  A  few  small  streams  run  west  and  south  from 
the  water  shed.  The  elevation  at  Heidlersburg  above  the  Atlantic  is  541  feet. 
The  township  contains  a  large  area  of  fine  arable  land,  which  has  yielded 
plentifully  for  over  a  century.  There  are  outcrops  of  quartzite,  rose-tinted, 
with  curious  fracture,  coarse  ingrained  trap,  blue  and  white  streaked  slate-rock 
trap,  ferruginous  cross-grained  trap  near  Idaville.  In  June,  1872,  the  Cran- 
berry Valley  iron  ore  beds  were  discovered  on  Emanuel  Spangler's  farm. 


342 


HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 


ft  eTectTd     woolXSge  ovS  the  Great  Conowago,  on  the  Harrisburg 
J  ll  %Ti\      In  1859  J    M-  Pittenturf  erected  a  wooden  bridge  over  a 
branch  of  Se  Great  Conowago  on  the  Gettysburg  and  Harrisburg  road  for  $2 ; 
Tn  1868  J   M  Pittenturf  and  brother  erected  a  covered  wooden  bridge  over  the 
Conowago-  adder's  Ford,   on   Hunterstown  and  York  Springs  road,    for 

$2'I?J'  i       „t  *,,  navBrs  in  Tyrone  Township  (1886)  is  323;  value  of  real 

t?TZl£gtlt\  —  of  gold  watches,  4;  of  silver  watches,  1;  of  acres 

°f  SJS^^iWia  IBOO^  BU,  ia  1810   (348;  in g1820 ^0- 

»  tn\Sa^t  ^iS^ief  ^^».7^ 
18°The  as'sessrnent'of  Tyrone  for  1801  was  made  by  Peter  Ferree,  assistedby 
Nathaniel  McGrew  and  Frederick  Shull. 
432,    and  the   tax  levy  of  21   cents  per 
Thomas  Hammond. 


The  total  value  was  placed  at 

collected  by   John  King  and 


Leonard  Apley,  shoe-maker, $--5 

Nicholas  Anthony ••■ }>"?•' 

John  Brougher,  executor  of  George,.  1,440 

John  Brougher °°° 

Jacob  Bream, 1  9f)R 

Henry  Bream, ■  •  ■  •  • • i-*"° 

Executors  of  Alexander  Brown*.   .  .  .  1,01b 

Samuel  Brown „8g 

John  Bacom 71„ 

Conrad  Chronister '* 

John  Cooley,  cooper "J ' 

Abram  Cline „71 

Anton  Cline • 

Henry  Crishamor,  not  taxed 

William   Delap J'^ 

JohnDelap... ;  q38 

John  Dodds,  deceased »°° 

John  Duffleld *■"', 

Martin  Detrick f'"°g 

Michael  Detrick J'*' 

Daniel  Deardorff 1'00~ 

John  Doran 1  g^ 

James  Elliott I'anfi 

Peter  Free t'^S. 

Jacob  Fidler ^'Sx 

Conrad  Fidler .  £g« 

Peter  Fidler 1,g1?3 

Philip  Fissle ;  g  300 

George  Fox fit)6 

Henry  Fissle ■ b™ 

tailor * 


HughKingt $3'66| 

John  Miller " 

Nicholas  Miller D°;> 

Conrad  Miller 0"» 

James  McKnight «."}' 

William  Mealy ]•'?> 

Alex  McGrew b£M 

George  Meals »-' 

Finley  McGrew L^ji 

Nathaniel  McGrew '?< 

James  McCreal ~" 

Jacob  Myers,  mills -><">» 

Peter  McGrew,  carpenter 

Adam  John  Miller,  shoe-maker 

John  Muntorff j>° 

Ludwick  Mull % 

James  Neely J-?*" 

Jonathan  Neely.. ^^ 

Jonathan  Neely,  stiller ** 

John  Nickle,  carpenter » 

Samuel  Neely....-  •■  ■■ f£ 

Widow  Jackson  Neely 6V 

Henry  Nelaugh,  shoe-maker 

William  Neely |>™° 

John  Owens *»£{£ 

Thomas  Porter,  weaver «*- 

John  Reed,  deceased. . .  *J£ 

Windle  Rockey...  . 

Jacob  Roudabush. 

Anthouv  Switzer. . 

William  Smith,  shoe-maker.. 


248 


Abram  Fletcher,  tailor -       Rudolph" Spangler 1.504 

Thomas  Hammond... ^  \       ^  r j  «g 

Christian  Hosteller »  Spangler ™° 

Jacob  Hof singer,  weaver *>      «ui    gl      *      960 

Hugh  Johnston,  tailor Jonas  Spangler *> 

John  Johnston 1  994      David    §tuart 

John  Kingf. 

*One  slave. 
fTwo  slaves. 


TYRONE  TOWNSHIP.  343 

John  Shutrom $162  Samuel  Walker $1690 

William  Sterner 53  Joseph  Walker '  20 

Piter  Stud      'I.?-    weaver i8  b .  \.v\  Wr.-,  1  .  pj 

JohnSnarr,    nailer Robert  Wray.unseated  lands.. '.'.  '     825 

Henry  Sri ver 786  John  White 1184 

Frederick  Skull 1,901  Nathan   Walker 2814 

Samuel  Thomas,  tanner 4'j;>  Nicholas  Wertz 626 

Taujfhtnbaugh 52  James  Walker 1790 

David  Trimmer 1,488  Thomas  Wear 'ioo 

The  Overseers  of  the  Poor  for  and  in  William   Walker 8  656 

behalf  of  township,  189  acres 15  John  Wiland..    .  '  4« 

Philip  Venis 72  John  Wise .WW       75 

Single  Freeman;  John  Apley,  blacksmith;  Henry  Cline,  blacksmith;  John 
Dodds,  David  Copperstone;  Nicholas  Tanghinbaugh,  Badler;  Samuel  Duffield, 
William  McGrew,  James  McKnight,  John  McKnight,  Patrick  McLee,  William 
Morris,  Joseph  Neely;  Joseph  Neelaugh,  Bhoe-maker;  Joseph  Porter.  John 
Smetts;  Peter  Thomas,  tanner;  John  Van  Dike,  William  Walker,  Audi,  w 
Walker.  Robert  Walker,  .lames  Walker,  James Wray,  and  James,  son  of  Sam 
ue]  Walker. 

James  Bracken,  of  Tyrone  Township,  was  ordered  to  surrender  to  a  justice 
of  the  peace  by  the  hoard  of  attainder  111   L778. 

On  November  22,  1834,  a  meeting  of  the  people  of  Tyrone  was  held  at  the 
house  of  Col.  Baltzer  Snyder  to  consider  the  common  school  system  as  estab- 
lished by  the  Legislature  April  11,  L834  James  McKnight  presided  with 
Jacob  Fidler;  secretary.  Jacob  Bream;  John  Duffield,  Col.  B.  Snyder,  J.  S. 
Neely  and  Peter  Fidler  were  appointed  to  draft  resolutions.  These  resolutions 
denounced  the  ad  as  aiming  to  rob  the  farmers,  and  asked  for  its  repeal.  J. 
L.  Neeley  voted  against  its  adoption  in  convention  of  November  4.  Adams  was 
one  of  the  fifteen  counties  which  rejected  the  law. 

Lake  15.  Ferree,  of  Heidlersburg,  was  the  only  soldier  from  Tyrone 
who  reported  to  the  call  for  troops  in  April,  1861.  He  was  mustered  in  with 
Company  E,  Second  Kogiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry.  In  July, 
lso'.i.  a  volunteer  militia  company  was  organized  at  Heidlersburg,  under  the 
name  "Tyrone  Zouaves,"  with  J.  ('.  Pittenturf,  captain. 

The  old  Jacob  Myers'  fulling  and  grist-mill,  in  Tyrone  Township,  located 
on  the  Madam  Steele  property  (purchased  by  her  from  the  Penns  in  1749), 
was  built  bj  Peter  Brought,  from  whom  Jacob  Myers  purchased  it  in  L794. 
This  was  in  the  Myers  family  until  1880,  when  H."  J.  Myers,  the  present  rail- 
road agent  at  New  Oxford,  sold  it  to  the  Holtz  brothers. 

HEIDLERSBURG. 

This  place,  known  in  early  years  as  Starrytown,  was  founded  in  1812,  by 
John  Heidler.  Hi'  offered  a  bonus  to  the  first  house  builder  on  thesite,  which 
was  won  by  Michael  Starry,  who  erected  the  first  building  here  that 
Neither  Starry  nor  Heidler  were  among  the  first  settlers;  neither  were  here  in 
L801;  but  owing  to  their  enterprises  of  1811',  their  names  have  ever  sine,,  been 
identified  with  the  history  of  this  part  of  the  township.  The  old  fashioned 
hotels  are  named  the  "Farmers  and  Drovers"  and  "Travelers  Rest."  The 
little  hamlet  claims  the  regulation  complement  of  merchants  and  tradesmen, 
but  varies  somewhat  from  places  of  this  class  in  the  volume  of  trade  done. 

In  March.  1861,  Peter  Teattswae  appointed  postmaster.  In  1S34  tin- total 
receipts  for  stamps  at  this  office  amounted  to  $20.34,  and  the  stipend  of  the 
office  about  $2  for  the  year  ending  March  31,  1884.  J.  F.  Houck  has  served 
in  this  office  for  a  number  of  years. 

CHURCHES. 

The  Evangelical  Lutheran  Society  of  Heidlersburg  is  almost  contemporary 


344  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

•„,    tv.   societY  of  the  Pines  Church,  attending  services  at  York  Springs. 

erected  the  present  house  of  worship.  .  1  „  ...  .      .,       ,, 

The  United  Brethren  in  Christ  organized  a  society  here  in  1840  m  the  old 
school  building,  and  still  continue  to  worship  there. 


MISCELLANEOUS. 


Gardner's  Station  is  a  modern  railroad  town  on  the  Gettysburg  &  Hams- 
burg  EaSroad^ist  south  of  Idaville.  It  is  the  shipping  point  for  the  north- 
em  settlements  of  Huntington  and  Tyrone  Townships. 


CHAPTER  XLVIL 
UNION  TOWNSHIP. 


LTTTTP  CONOWA.GO  CREEK   forms   the   northeastern  line   of  Union 
T^wnshS  separating  it  from  Conowago.     German  Creek  and  its  tabu- 
mmmm 

^^Z^c^^Le,  mica  slate,  slate  impregnated  with  iron,   ar- 
^Stfblue  and  white  striped  limestone,  sandy  ^  «J~  ^  ^ 

The  township .was  organized  in  1841.     Th populat*         ^  ^  fa 

(3  colored);  m  1860,  1,11b  (1/   coloud),    in   io     ,  v 

1880,  1, 180.     The  number  of  tax  P^rsjl886)  *^  value  °  rf  g  at 

<u^90,  9Q1  •  number  of  horses,  etc.,  .344    oi  cows,  exc,  **",   »<"  .  j 

fnSSlTof  trades  and  professions   $8  256;  number  of  carriages,  138, 

In  1MJ  jonnyauip  «  earlier  bridges,    as  well  as 

»°lr^S»ZBLt^te  to^lp.  «  »^  to  in  ». 
sketches  of  Conow.go,  Mo»otple.,»nt  oo;  Gomao^  ademption. 

money.       The  P^^ineredemptioners  were  usuallsoM  tor  i  ^  ^^ 

from  three  to  five  years'  servitude ,     I .must  ^id,  now  ^ 

people  descended  from  this  c  ass  ha ^  ™*J ^" the  colonists.  According 

were  hired  and  imported  by  the  British l  to jonquei  rf 

been  the  first  permanent  settler  in  Union  Township  m  1  734. 


ONION  TOWNSHIP.  845 

A  reference  to  the  original  assessment  rolls  of  Conowago,  German]  and 
Mountpleasant  Townships  will  discover  the  names  of  heads  of  families  and 
single  men  in  this  n"«  division  of  the  connty  in  1880.  The  Kitzmillers,  one 
of  whom  killed  Dn  in  1752;  Adam  Forney,    bidres  Karger,  Peter 

Ober,  John  Lemmon,  the  Sellens  (subsequently  Sells),  Han-  I  agefehr,  Hans 
astern.  George  Marschtaler,  the  Scheilys,  ancestors  of  the  present 
Sheely  family;  AdamWeiser,  Herr  Jnengling,  Ludwig  Schrieber,  Herr  Moss 
er,  the  Koontzes,  Casper  Bergheimer,  Peter  Weltie,  Peter  Reishert,  Andrew 
Foreman,  Dewall  Yungs,  Kleins  or  Littles,  Feltys,  Wills,  Stephen  (Jlrich, 
Alnam  Haul.  Derrick,  Jungblut,  F.  Schitz,  Peter  Jungblut,  Dutteras,  Millers, 
and  others  named  among  the  original   entries  of  the  townships  named 

The  land  troubles  began  in  1441, when  Zach.  Butcher,  asurveyor  in  theem 
ploymentof  the  Penns,  came  to  this  settlemenl  (then  called  "  Digges'  Choice") 
to  survey  lands  for  Adam  Forney.  The  Maryland  claimants  remonstrated, 
but  the  surveyor  carried  his  work  forward.  In  his  letter,  dated  Com 
June  17,  1741,  he  gives  the  " Honble Proprietor  "  an  idea  of  the  "unreason 
able  creatures"'  on  Marsh  Creek,  and  adds  the  following  postscript  regarding 
this  part  of  the  county: 

P.  s,  I  u  is  laying  out  some  Land  for  Adam  Ffarney,  ami  Mr.  Diggs  sent  his  Son 
and  Robert  Owen  to  warn  me  off.  They  said  the  Land  I  was  then  Laying  out  was  not 
theirs,  but  they  own'd  7,000  acres,  I  asked  them  for  their  Draught,  or  shew  mi    th 

bounds,  I  had  no  design  to  intrude  on  them.  They  went  away  mine,  and  would  Do  noth- 
ing- Zach.  Bot<  bgee 

In  1  12ri  10,000  acres  in  the  townships  now  known  as  Conowago,  Germany, 
L'nion  and  parts  of  adjoining  townships,  were  granted  to  John  Digges  by  the 
Calverts.  l\i  1732,  two  years  after  the  Lillys  and  Owings  made  the  first  set- 
tlements in  this  count  \  .  John  Digges  had  6,822  acres  of  this  tract  surveyed,  to 
which  he  gave  the  name  of  "Digges'  Choice."  A  little  later  the  Germans 
came,  and  shortly  after  the  Penns  claimed  the  tract  as  being  within  the  bound- 
aries of  his  claim  north  of  the  temporary  lino.  I,,  [738  the  dispute  between 
the  Penns  and  the  Calverts  was  settled  by  "Royal  order'"  of  1738,  which  de- 
clared the  claims  of  Digges,  Carrolls  and  others  north  of  the  Maryland  line,  to 
be  valid;  but  still  the  question  of  the  boundaries  of  "'Digges'  Choice"  remained 
to  be  settled.  Prior  to  1746  this  question  was  settled  by  Pennsylvania  recog- 
nizing the  claim- of  Digges.so  far  as  they  would  not  interfere  with  the  German 
settlement.  In  1746,  bowever,  young  Digges  and  the  Maryland  sheriff  came 
to  arrest,  and  did  arrest.  Matthew  [Jlrich  and  Adam  Forney  for  trespass;  but 
while  en  route  to  Maryland  Nicholas  Fornej  and  others  rescued  the  prisoners 
and  put  the  captors  to  flight.  Other  attempts  were  made  to  keep  off  German 
ers  until  February  26,  1752,  when  Dudley  Digges  was  shot  by  Jacob 
Kitzmiller.  In  17b7  the  running  of  Mason  &  Dixon's  line,  and  other  meas- 
ures, settled  this  land  dispute  for  ever. 

CHURCHES. 

St.  John's  Lutheran  Church,  near  Littlestown, was  founded,  November  13, 
1763,  by  Rev.  C.  F.  Wildbahn.  In  1829  a  brick  building  took  the  place  of 
the  old  log-he  id  under  Eev.  G.  R.  Hoffman,  and  in  1874  the   present 

house  w  as  erected  on  the  site  of  the  church  of  1829,  under  Rev.  L.  T.  Williams. 
The  pastors  of  this  church  have  been  Revs.  John  D.  Shroeter,  17s::  to  1806; 
JohnG.  Grubb,  1806;G.  R,  Hoffman,  1826;  Jonathan  Ruthrauf,  1830;  Jacob 
Albert.  1837-.C.  A.  Hay,  ls+s;  D.  P.  Rosenmiller,  L849;  M.  J.  Alleman,  L856; 
F.  Ruthrauf,  1857;  S.  Henry,  1859;  P.  P.  Lane,  1868;  L.  T.  Williams. 
1870,  and  E.  J.  Metzler,  ls7o-86. 

Christ  Church  (Reformed)  was  organized  in  1717  by  Rev.  M.  Schlatter,  a 


o46  HISTORY  OF  ADAMS  COUNTY. 

treasurer.     At  the  first  communion  ml   4  -  there .were 

The  number  of  members  at  present  s  350  1-  gg^J**^  Lischy,    T. 

congelation  are  named  as  follows,     .ttevs.  m.    oi.ma       ,  , 

Fran^eld.  J  C.  Stjner  ^  Otta*J£  C    £"£££  £o2l£,  * 

Gobrecht    0.  Hel fen         .  ^J—f  1Johll  Anlt  and    J.    Kretzing,  the 
Sechler,    J.    M.    Clenu  ns     C  asp i  rf    Littleatown 

of  brick  in  1798;  andrebuilt  and  enlarged  in    18.8.      4-He  reDuiiaing 

^STlSSSi.    Ctan*.    known    as  Hostetter's  Meeting-house ,     a  brick 
buiSg  S  of  Littlestown  on  the  McSherrystown  road    was  erected  m  1854 

this  society  in  the  order  of  their  names. 

CEMETERIES. 

The  Mennonite  Graveyard  dates  back  to  1854       Re^Isaac  H^hey  who 
died  in  1880  in  his  eightieth  year,  was  buried  here.      Manj    of   the  old   mem 
hers  preceded  him  as  tenants  of  these  grounds 

a!rht  Krfor^d  Church  Graveyard  was  laid  out  on  the  east    side  of  _the 
chuSh  t  SK  and  subsequently  enlarged  until  graves  surrounded  the  budd- 
ing:   The  oldest  date  on  the  head-stones  is  17  U. 
sell'  s    station. 

TUsDl.ce  located  on  the  Litlle.to™    Branch    Kailroad.    i»  named  aftar 

« -ssai-  o«  m  m£-j*.  ^fisrssts-B 
:^r;Sx:^  «"  tapi. — »,  ,„,s,»i„«. 

has  served  in  this  office  for  a  number  of  years. 

CHURCH  STATION. 

n=.t«rrDn^nrr^n^s=« 

<Xlr  1  Cl^ostoffice  always  opposed  to  crossings  of  any  kind,  dropped  the 
SS^^SdaT-SS  wSd  of  the  original  name  and  thus  we  have 
C htrch  £-«    small  hamlet,  enlivened  only  by  passing  trains. 


Biographical  Sketches, 


CHAPTER  XLVIII. 

BOROUGH  OF  GETTYSBURGH. 

II  I. oris  BAUGHER.  D.  D.,  Franklin  professor  of  the  Greek  language  and  litera- 
ture in  Pennsylvania  College,  Gettysburg,  was  born  in  that  place  August  6,  1840,  son  of 
Henry  L.  Baugber,  D,  D.,  and  Clara  Mary  (Brooks)  Baugher,  Benry  L.  Baugher  was 
born  in  Adams  County,  Penn.,  Jul}  19,  1804;  was  prepared  for  college  lij  I!  \  David  Me 
Conaugby,  of  Gettysburg,  and  was  graduated  from  Dickinson  College,  Carlisle,  in  1826. 
In  L8S2  be  became  a  professor  in  Pennsylvania  College,  and  in  1850  was  chosen  president 
of  that  college.  (An  extended  sketch  of  him  will  be  found  in  the  college  records.)  His 
death  occurred  April  14.  1868,  the  father  of  five  children,  who  lived  to  adult  age.  of  whom 
our  subject  is  next  to  the  youngest.  II.  Louis  Baugher  was  reared  in  Gettysburg  and  edu 
cated  in  Pennsylvania  College,  from  which  he  was  graduated  in  1857.  He  subsequently 
was  graduated  in  theology  in  the  Theological  Seminary  at  Gettysburg,  and  spent  a  year 
in  the  seminary  at  Andover,  Mass.  He  served  as  co  pastor  of  a  church  at  Wheeling.  W. 
Va.,  during  the  year  1863  64,  and  from  1804  to  1  SOT  was  pastor  of  a  church  at  Norristow  a, 
Penn.  A  portion  of  the  year  isii;  68  be  passed  in  Europe,  and  the  latter  year  served  as 
pastor  of  a  Church  at  Indianapolis,  Iud.      From  1869  to  1880  he  was  professor  of  Greek  in 

Pennsylvania  College,  and  sen  ed  as  pastor  of  a  church  at  Omaha,  Neb.,  during  the  year 
Prom  1869  to  1873  be  also  gave  instruction  in  New  Testament  Exegesis  in  the 
Theological  Seminary  at  Gettysburg,  and  supplied  the  department  of  Systematic  Theologj 
throughout  the  year  1833  84.  In  1880  he  received  the  degree  of  D.  D ..  conferred  by  his 
tier,  In  1883  Dr.  Baugher  supplied  the  chair  of  Greek  in  Howard  University,  at 
Washington,  1).  (_'.,  and  was  elected  to  a  professorship  of  political  economy,  etc..  in  that 
institution,  bul  declined  to  accept  his  former  position  in  Pennsylvania  College,  to  which 
he  was  recalled  in  L883.  Since  1874  Dr.  Baugher  has  been  connected,  as  editor  and  com- 
mentator, with  the  Lutheran  Publication  Society,  and  since  the  convention  at  Atlanta, 
Ga.,  in  1878.  has  represented  the  Lutheran  Church  on  the  Internationa]  Sunday  School 
Lesson  Committee.  April  3,  1872,  Dr.  Baugher  was  married  to  Miss  Ida,  daughter  of 
William  Smith,  of  York,  Penn.,  and  to  them  one  child.  Bessie,  has  been  born. 

MA.I.  ROBERT  BELL,  cashier  of  the  First  'National  Bank.  Gettysburg,  is  ra  native 
of  Adams  County,  Penn.,  born  in  Menallen  Township.  March  5,  1830,  a  son  of  .lames  and 
Martha  i  Mcllhenny)  Bell,  natives  of  thiscounty  and  of  Scotch  Irish  descent.  James  Bell, 
the  grandfather  of  the  Major,  was  a  non-commissioned  officer  in  the  Revolutionary  war. 
at  the  (lose  of  which  he  located  on  a  farm  in  this  county,  where  he  passed  the  remainder 
of  his  days,  an  intelligent,  energetic  and  highly  esteemed  gentleman.  James  Bell,  Jr. 
(father  of  our  subject),  was  born  on  the  farm  on  which  Maj.  Bell  now  resides,  and  early 
in  life  learned  the  milling  business,  which,  in  connection  with  merchandising,  he  followed 
many  years.  Be  was  the  father  of  four  children,  of  whom  Maj.  Bell  is  the  youngest. 
Our  subject  was  reared  on  a  farm,  receiving  his  education  in  the  district  schools  and  at 
Oak  Ridge  Academy.  June  16,  1863,  he  enlisted  in  the  United  States  service  and  raised 
a  company  of  cavalry,  of  which  he  was  chosen  captain.  The  following  year  he  was  pro- 
moted to  the  office  of  major,  and  as  such  served  until  the  close  of  the  war.  having  been 
mustered  out  July  18.  1865.  Be  participated  in  a  number  of  engagements  and  battles,  and 
was  present  at  the  surrender  of  Gen.   Lee  in  ISO").     Maj.  Bell  is  one  of  the  few  who  can 

E resent  Lo  the  public  the  horse  who  shared  w  itl.  biin  the  privations  and  dangers  of  war. 
n  1853  our  subject  married  Abigail,  daughter  of  Jacob  King.  Her  grandfather,  Bugh 
King,  and  her  great-grandfather,  Victor  King,  served  in  the  French  and  Indian  and  Rev- 
olutionary wars.  The  Kings  were  of  Scotch-Irish  descent,  and  pioneers  of  the  State  of 
Pennsylvania.  To  the  Major  and  wife  the  following  named  children  w  ere  born:  Fannie 
J..  James  F..  Nannie  A..  Martha  A.,  \V.  \\\,  Robert  K..  Carrie  K   and  .1.   Grant.     The 


350  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

a  son  of  Jacob  and.  Catharine  (Snyder)  Benner,  natives  of  Ad^un    County,  ^and  of 
whom  further  mention  is  made  in  the  sketch  of  Ma].  |J K  J. .  «enn  «  educated 

unie.     The  father  is  now  l.vmg  a  retired  life  a    Gc "Y^ur        ^ ^  «  .     m8      After 

in  his  native  town  having  graduated  <v t  Pen _ns3  1   .      . C "'  ,-•  institution,  and.  from 

completing  his  college  course  Mi.  B ennti     . u        <>■     >q        (,  ua,  PenD.  He  then 

187!)  to  1882,  he  was  occupied  as  principal  oi  th       gl  s<  loo     i^ ■  31   lg81    and  at 

2?  *^^^^  He  is  a  member  of  the 

Masonic  fraternity  ami ,«£  the Order «dfa  .q  g  Township, 

.damfco.^^ 

of   Adams   County  and  of  German  extra.. tio. i      ™*f  ^j       wrae  to  Adams  Coun- 

He  learned  the  trade  of  granite  cutting,  ™c  '      r  W*Q  of  the  ^ar  in  1861,  when  he 

was  employed  as  a  railroad  agent  ™&1    febreaki  a     out         ,  Pennsylvania  Vol- 

promptly  enlisted  in  Company  K.  One  Hi  ml elan )    fns'^"ed    ut  the  full  term  of 
unteer  Infantry,  ami  was  commissioned  ^°hnsam    company  and  regiment;  was 

his  enlistment,  and  February  5   1803,  '■";,(,.,,„    m:  jor  „f  the  regiment, 
promoted  to  the  captaincy  of  the  company   and  soon  .  Iter,  ecu  ic       j  prisoner 

and  as  such  served  until  the  close  of  the  wa,  m  Ite  e  ^ ar  r  F^  was 

April  20,  1864,  at  Plymouth.  N.  C...  and  lemamed la .p  ribontr  oi  g_ 

twice  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Fair  Oaks^    ^  1868  he  was  elected  te  d 

burg  National  Bank,  and  served  unti    W.~  \^J^lS\n  %~0  he  was  married  to  Sophia 

rttfe^ 

Church.  p     n    pears0n  professor  of  the  Latin  language  and  lit- 

He  obtained  the  rudiments  of  an  educat  or   in  his  nam     ^'  =  Bik,     was  presi. 

North  Carolina  College  at  Mount  Pleasant  o  «hich „„  u  liu,  1,  A  taught  apub- 
dent.  At  the  beginning  of, pur  cm ^ i  he  ut ^  ^^ranu,  as  a  freshman,  gradu- 
lic  school  for  one  year      In  18b-  he    lit  k i    »  «>"■  J '   '  °   thereafter  he  was  occu- 

i«(«SilS  s^u^^=ou^^» 

Tecretary  of  the  Lutheran  Ministers'  Insurance  A-ocat  on.     H .has ^"^ 
2SS  tS  25M£?  d^ree^of  Ictr  of  philosophy  from  Koanoke 

^fSwiS  S.  BREIDENBAUGH,  A.  M    Ocke-hausen  ff^^SSSfiS 

the  natural  sciences  in  Pennsylvania  College  G e^y  lV  849  a  "on  °f  Rev- E'  and 
County,  Penn.,  ^*^^^n^^^S^!^«^OmBm  extraction,  the 
Elizabeth  (Swoyer)  Breidenbaug in at ves  o i  Penns    v ama  ma     ^  Edward 

^etn^u^^^^ 

c^t^i^S^^ 

as  both  student  and  instriirto r      1. 8<,  h.  sc rved  a.    P>o  (J  rah]eralogy  in  Pennsyl- 


BOROUGH  ni'  GETTYSB1  RG  351 

also  a  member  of  Prussian  and  Gi  rman  societies  for  the  same  purpose  The  professor  is 
the  author  of  a  number  of  publications  on  various  subjects.  He  has  added  to  the  improve 
menl  of  Gettysburg  by  the  erection  of  one  of  the  best  dwelling  houses  to  be  found  in 
Adams  County,  [n  1878  he  was  married  to  [da,  daughter  of  Dr.  John  Kitzmiller,  inula 
native  of  Schuylkill  County,  Peon.,  and  of  German  descent.  This  union  has  horn  blessed 
with  two  children :  Edna  and  [da  Mm  The  parents  are  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church. 
In  politics  the  Professor  ie  a  Republican  11  ■  i  the  present  president  of  the  gas  com 
pany  of  Gettj  sburg. 

SAMUEL  H.  BUEHLEB  a  at   Lebanon,  Penn.,  July  12,  1783      Hi 

learned  the  saddler]  business,  and  subsequently  moved  to  Fork,  where  he  married  Miss 
Catharine  Danner,  and  engaged  in  merchandising,  [n  1*1*  he  moved  to  Gettysburg  and 
opened  a  drug  and  book  store,  n  hich  be  carried  on  until  his  death  in  is">i'>.  assisted  by  his 
Bon   Alexander  D.  Buehler,  «  ho  conducted  the  business  after  bis  father's  death,  and  still 

c lu.'i-  it  in  the  same  building,  the  largest   drug  and  hook  store  in  the  county.     Mr 

Buehler  was  actively  and  prominent!)  identified  with  thi  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church 
became  treasurer  of  the  general  synod  and  general  agent  of  its  various  publications,  and 
was  largely  instrumental  in  securing  the  Location  at  Gettysburg  of  the  theological  semin- 
ar] of  1 1"'  Lutheran  Chun  b  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  Christ  Church,  Gettysburg; 
was  a  member  of  the  building  committee,  and  served  as  elder  from  the  organization  ol 
rch  until  his  death,  in  1888  he  wa  elected  a  patron  and  also  trustee  of  Pennsyl- 
vania College;  in  1839  he  was  elected  treasurer  of  that  institution,  and  served  as  truster  and 
treasurer  until  bis  death,  when  he  was  su<  ceeded  by  bis  son.  Alexander  I).  Buehler,  the 
present  treasurer,  father  and  son  thus  continuously  filling  that  position  for  a  period  of 
forty-eight  years,  Mr.  Buehler  died  at  Gettysburg  September7,  1856,  leaving  four  sons 
and  four  daughters,  all  of  whom  arc  still  living  and  reside  in  Gettysburg. 

DAVID  A.  BUEHLER,  editor  and  attorney  at  law  at  Gettj  sburg,  son  of  Samuel  II. 
and  Catharine  D.  Buehler,  was  horn  in  Gettysburg  January  3,  1831.  lie  .served  an 
apprenticeship  to  the  printing  business  in  the  office  of  the  Adams  Sentinel;  graduated  from 
Pennsylvania  College  with  the  class  of  1843;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1856;  editor  of 
the  Star  from  1845  to  L857,  and  editor  of  the  consolidated  Star  and  Sentinel  from  1867  to 

this  date.      He  has  sen  ed  in  various  local  offices,  school  director,  member  of  town  council, 

justice  of  the  peace,  postmaster,  etc.  He  has  been  one  of  the  trustees  of  Pennsylvania 
College  since  1852;  was  secretary  of  the  board  from  1852  to  1867,  and  lias  been  presi 
dent  of  the  board  since  1870.  He  lias  also  been  for  many  years  director  of  the  theological 
seminary;  member  of  the  council  of  Christ  Lutheran  Church,  and  superintendent  of  the 

Sunday-school  since  1*5:!;  frequently  a  delegate  to  the  General  8y I  of  the  Evangelical 

Lutheran  Church  of  the  United  States;  one  of  the  directors  and  vice-president  of  the 
Gettysburg  Battle-field  Memorial  Association.  November  10,  184U,  Mr.  Buehlar  married 
Mis-  Fraud  .  .i    i  en  .n,  of  Rahway,  X.  .1. 

COL.  ('.  II,  BUEHLER,  merchant.  Gettysburg,  a  son  of  the  late  Samuel  II.  Buehler, 
itch  appems  above,  was  born  in  the  town  in  which  he  is  now  a  resident,  Febru- 
ary !'.  1825.       lie  is  next  to   the  youngest   of  eleven   children,  anil  pursued    his   studies   in 
Pennsylvania  College  as  far  as  tiic  clo-e  of  the  sophomore  year,  when  he  w  il  hdrcw  from  the 

in-ui  in  ion  and  learned  the  printing  trade  in  the  office  of  the  Adams  Sentinel,  after  which 
nie  associate  editor  w ith  hi-  brother,  David  A,,  on  the  Star.  This  business  he  was 
compelled  to  give  up  on  account  of  failing  health,  and  in  1858  he  embarked  in  lie  ,  oal 
and  lumber  business.  On  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  he  entered  the  Union  Army  in  the 
three  month-  service  as  captain  of  a  company.  Subsequently  he  was  commissioned 
major  of  the  Eighty-Seventh  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry  and  a-  such 
served  for  a  \  ear  and  a  half,  when  he  was  commissioned  colonel  of  the  One  Hundred  and 
Sixty-fifth    Regiment,    Pennsylvania    Volunteer    Infantry,   retaining    the    command    nine 

month-,  the  period  of  enlistment  of  the  regiment.     He  then  returned  to  Gettysburg  and 

I  his  business,  in  connection  with  which  he  has  had  the  agency  of   the  Adams    Kx 

pre--  Company  for  twenty-six  years  past,  He  has  been  twice  bui  ■  ol  Gettj  sburg  am! 
is  now  a  dfrectorof  the  Gettysburg  Battle-field  Memorial  Association.     He  is  identified 

with  Post   No.  9,  G.  A.  It.  :  i-  Past  Master  in  the  Masonic  order,  and  has  passed  all  the  chail 
of  the  I,  (  I.  (  ).   F.      Col.   Buehler,  in    I860,  was  married    to  Anna   Fahnestoek.  daughter  of 

John  Fahnestoek,  of  (Term an  extraction,  and  to  them  have  been  i icrn  three  sons,  one  sur- 
viving, il.im  P.,  who  has  just  graduated  from  Pennsylvania  College,    Col.  Buehler  is  a 

member  of  the  Lutheran  (  hureh  and  his  wife  of  the  Episcopal,  The  Colonel  is  a  Repub 
1  i  inn  Of  pronounced  t\  pe. 

HON.  JACOB  CASS  AT  (deceased)  was  born  in  Straban  Township,  Adams  c,,. ,  Penn., 
February  7,  17?*,  His  grandfather,  Francis  Cassat,  wa-  a  French  Huguenot,  who  married 
in  Holland  and  came  to  this  country  in  [764,  with  his  wife  and  children,  of  whom  David, 
the  father  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was  one.  The  family  became  extensive  farmers 
and  influential  citizen-,  and  took  an  active  part  in  the  war  of  the  Revolution.  David 
Cassat    reared    a    family   of    eight    children — five  sons   and    three  daughters     the    sons    all 

becoming  distinguished  members  of  society.  Jacob  remained  at  home  on  the  farm  ami 
prepared  himself  by  diligent  study  for  the  useful  life  he  afterward  led.     He  was  entirely 


352  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

•elf-Loght,  hnlu  .urailed  retool  oily  three  montl..    He  w.<  m.rried  m  MX | »  H«J 

n  of  December  a".  1H3S,  on  the  occasion  of  what  is  known  in  the  history  of  Peniwyl- 
van  a  as  the  "buckshot  war  "  he  made  an  impassioned  appeal against .mob  rule,  and  with 
Xi"»  driven  from  the  Senate  chamber  at  the  risk  of  his  life  T he  next  morning  he 
was  found  dead  in  his  bed.     It  is  no  exaggeration  to  say  that  at  *'         /ee    in  height 

deportrnent  CROLL,  A.  M.,  vice-president  of,  and  professor  of  mathematics  and 

.„„,„  A n mist  8  1834  His  parents.  Abner  and  Rachel  (Shelly)  Uo  11.  were  natr ra  ui 
TlTunhin Cm  ntv  Pen'n  and  were  of  German  extraction.  Abner  Crol  in  early  life  was 
Shatter  and  f Ik wet  "mercantile  pursuits  in  later  years.  Luther  H.  is  *e  youngest  of 
fn  r  nhiinVen  He  received  his  early  schooling  in  his  native  town,  subsequently  attending 
lb  ac  emv  at  Hardsbuig  In  1850  he  entered  Pennsylvania  College  and  hve  years  later 
w  s'Sdfrom  'the  same.  delivering  the  Latin  salutatory  o    his ^ -s    /ha^  ^ he 

<s"=in^nnsyK 

wbSi  he  w  "  aptiiin.     The  excitement  attending  those  times  earned  away  most 

if  he  colkge  boys'  w  went  off  to  the  war.  many  of  whom  afterward  became  commis- 
sionel  IWs  one  rising  to  the  rank  of  a  brigadier- general  and  another  to  the  rank  of 
on\  n -1  Tl  e'l  ter  v  s  killed  and  was  thought  to  have  been  the  youngest  colonel  in  the 
Un  on  Army  From  VwU  to  1862  Prof.  Croll  was  principal  of  the  academy  at  M.dd le own, 
Penn     and  from  1863  to  1866  he  occupied  a  similar  position  ,n  a  cl, issin  1  in t. ti  te  at 

James  Sf  Morris  *2*J$fi*3£%  the  PrP,byterian  Church  Gettysburg,  was  born 
in  the  Stat "or New  Jersey  October  10.  1843,  a  son  of  Jasper  and  Catherine >(Lozier)  D+ 

Rev    1    Kil     el   est      Our  subiect  attended  a  select  school  in  the  city  of  Newport 

f,f  a    1  ml     n  tl  e  Sta  e  of  New  York.     He  then  removed  to  Kentucky,  where  he  served 
:  la       ,      on  until  1872,  when  he  returned  to  New  York  City,  and  was  engaged  m 

il  ister  a   d     i      un    1  1875.     In  the  latter  year  he  removed  to  Gettysburg,  having  been 
mimsuri.u  (Iuihs  u u  i      -  .       (M   ...,.„  tn(?re   u;g  present  pos  tion.     December  18,  186b, 

Mf  Demist  mS  Mary  J.  "daughter  of  Jaines  H.  MeCampbell.  of  Scotch™, 
and  tot"  is  union  have  been  born  five,  children  of  whom  three  are  living:  Bertha  L„ 
TpiZm  »mlO   11    ionew     Mr.  Demarest,  politically,  is  a  Republican 

KPT    SMlVl       ILLEK.  proprietor  of  the  "McClellan  House."  Gettysburg,  was 

Infantry,  served  as  a  railroad  contractor  after  the  war,  and  died  at  Hanover  in  1884,  leav- 


ISOKol  (ill   OF    OEITYSHUKO.  353 

child  Mabel;  Belinda  M.  is  wife  of  Thomas  Evendcn,  of  Williamsport,  Penn.; 
[gaiah  P  (deceased)  west  to  California,  where  he  was  engaged  in  mining,  ai  which  he 
made  a  fortune,  and  returned  in  1888:  Elizabeth  is  the  widow  of  Dr.  David  Ridgely,  of 
Washington,  D.  C,  who  died  in  1867;  Adam  s  is  a  farmer  near  Hanover;  Simon  J.,  the 

of  this  sketch,  is  in  Adams  County;  William  s.  served  as  a  major  in  the  army,  and 
is  now  in  the  custom  house  in  New  York  City;  Luthur  T.  served  as  captain  in  the  army, 
and  is  now  engaged  in  the  coal  and  lumber  business  in  Adams  County,    As  « jij  i,r j, ■,".,] 

ii  preceding  remarks  ihe  Diller  family  in  question  "as  represented  in  the  civil  war 
by  four  brothers,  who  were  commissioned.     II  n  ■  several  members  of  the  family  are  Doted 

i  atrengih,  ami  arc  generally  I  irge  men.     Simon  J,  and  his  Ave  brothers  were  once 

I  and  their  combined  weigh  I  was  1,686  pounds,  Uursubjecl  grey  up  and  was 
sen  ioled  in  Adams  and  fork  Counties,  served  as  a  lieutenant  in  the  war  of  I  be  Rebellion, 
and  lias  in  the  main  been  occupied  through  life  as  a  hotel-keeper,     tn  1867  he  « 

Miss  Ella,  daughter  of  Henry  Albright,  of  Hanover,  Penn.,  and  to  this  union  were 
born  five  children  Carrie  Mary,  Elizabeth  R.,  Mammio,  Simon  and  Daisy.  Mrs.  Diller 
is  a  member  of  the  German  Reformed  Church,  and  Lieut.  Diller  of  the  Lutheran 
Church.  In  politics  he  i-  u  R  ipublican.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Q.  A.  K.  and  the  Masonic 
fraternity. 

HON.  WILLIAM  A.  DUNCAN,  in  his  extraction  a  Pennsylvanian,  was  born  in 
Franklin  Township,  Adam-  Co.,  Penn.,  February  8,  1886.  Be  died  al  Gettysburg  Novem 
ber  11.  1884,  iD  i,j-  forty-ninth  year.  His  paternal  ancestors  originally  went  from  the 
neighborhood  of  Edinburgh,  Scotland,  to  Donegal,  Ireland,  from  whence,  about  the  Near 
1750,  bis  grandfather,  Seth  Duncan,  immigrated  to  America,  and  located  in  Lancaster 
County,  Penn.  He  there  married  and  lived  until  late  in  life,  when  he  removed  to  Ab 
bottstown,  then  York  (now  Adam-)  County.  Seth  had  a  number  of  children,  mosl  of 
whom  became  notable  people.  His  son,  Adam  Seth  Enos  Duncan,  the  father  of  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch,  died  in  1840,  aged  fifty  one  years,  and  Mr.  Duncan  was  left  an  oi  phan 
boy  ai  the  agi  oi  four  years,  with  two  other  brothers  but  a  few  years  older,  to  the  charge 
oi  a  widowed  mother.  He  early  showed  an  aptitude  for  intellectual  pursuits,  as  be  ma 
triculated  ai  the  age  of  seventeen  at  Franklin  and  .Marshall  College,  Lancaster.  Penn.,  in 
9  :  Hi  graduated  in  tlie  regular  course,  in  1857,  as  valedictorian  of  his  class.  This 
fact  attests  the  eminent  rank  he  attained  while  a  college  student  as  scholar,  thinker  and 
orator.  After  graduating  he  entered  the  lay  office  of  It.  G.  McCreary,  Esq.,  at  Gettys- 
burg, and  in  due  course  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1859.  He  applied  himself  zealously 
and  integrity  brought  with  them  the  confidence  of  his 
the  community,  an  extensive  practice,  and  made  his  professional  careei  a 
Buccess.  By  the  election  of  the  people  he  tilled  the  office  of  prosecuting  attorney  for 
Adams  County  from  1863  to  1865,  and  so  acceptably  that  he  was  again  chosen  to  till  the 
same  position  from  1868  to  1871.  He  was  also  for  a  long  time  solicitor  for  the  county. 
and  tilled  various  oilier  local  offices.  In  November,  1882,  he  was  elected  to  represent  the 
p  ipulous  and  i  i  nties  of  Adams.  Cumberland  and  York,  comprising  the  Nine- 

teenth District  of  Pennsylvania,  in  the  Forty-eighth  Congress.  For  several  years  Mr.  Dun- 
can was  one  of  the  most  prominent  mem  hers  of  the  bar  at  Gettysburg,  and  was  universally 
respected  and  admired.     In  politics  he  was  a  consistent  Democrat.    At  his  decease  several 

il  addresses  on  his  life  and  character  were  delivered  in  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives, and  in  the  Senate.  Forty-eighth  Congress,  second  session. 

CHARLES  8.  DUNCANl  attorney  at  law,  Gettysburg,  was  born  here  April  3,  1864. 
Hon.   William  A.  and  Catherine  W.  (Sohmucker)  Duncan.      Mis  paternal  and  ma- 
ternal unc  -  ors  were  among  the  early  settlers  of  the  State.    Hi-  mother  was  of  G an 

and  hi-  father  of  Scotch  lri-h  lineage.    The  latter  was  horn  in  Cashtown,  Adams  Co., 

Penn.,  in   is:;.",.  a  lawyer,  who  met  with  marked  success  in  that  profession.    He  w  as  elected 

-s  iii  1883,  and  died  while  serving  in  that  body.    He  was  a  member  of  the  Re 

formed  Church.      Charles   S.  i-  the  eldest  of  four  children,    of  whom  William,  tin    second 

child,  is  private  secretary  to  Congressman  Swope,  of  Washington,  D,  ('..  and  John  S.  and 
Schmucki  nts  in  Pennsylvania  College.     The  mother  was  a  member  of  the 

tn  Church.      Our  subject  grew  to  manhood  in  Gettysburg,  and  was  gi 

Pennsyli  in  1883;    read  law  in  the  law  department  of  the  Pennsylvania  Uni- 

■  | .  and  graduated  in  lssl. 

SAMUEL  EAHOLTZ,  sheriff  of  Adams  County,  I',  o.  Gettysburg,  was  born  in  Cum 

berland  Township,  Adams  Co.,  Penn.,   August  89,  1821,  a  -on  ,,f  .Jacob  and  Catharine 

(Beiff)  EaholtZ,  natives  of   IVnnsv  Ivania,  and  of  German  origin,  the  father  having  been  a 

tanner  through  life.    Samuel  is  the  seventh  child  of  nine  sons  and  daughters,  and  was 

on  the  farm.     He  acquired  a  fair  common  school  edui  Is  of  Ad- 

unty,  studied  surveying  in  [840,  and  early  in  life  learned  the  blacksmith's  trade. 

iCCUpation  he  followed  for  twenty  years,  working  in    Butler   and    Franklin    Town- 
He  was  for  a  period  of  three  years  engaged  in  the  hotel  business  at   McKnights- 

Subsequently  he  bought  a  farm,  and  for  several  years,  in  connection  With  farm 
ing,  engaged  m  the  coil  husiuc-s.  While  a  resident  of  Butler  and  Franklin  Townships 
hi  held,  at  different  times,  most  all  of  the  township  offices.     Mr.  Eaholtz  i-  a  man  oi  great 


g,,4  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

ty  shenfl    Sad.e  C    wife  of  Chat es  Cash m an    Bui  .^  ^^  ch       a 

The  second  wife ,  died   n 18  ,,11 ;      m  i>       ^        ^^  Ne  _  Cumberland  Co.,  Penn 

reared  on  his  father's  farm.  ^ivinK      <     sua      >  .    h  . *  ~™        J  o]d>  when 

sons.     He  remained  on  the  farm  will  Ins  paic  u  s ."">'' ;  •  shi|ipl,nsburg,  where 

he  found  the  irksome  duties  of  farm  hie  not  to  ins  t.  is  t   and  w c      t  I  *here  he 

he  engaged  as  a  clerk  for  three  years  ^  ».  F.  Lam   s      1U     ;  a  inn 

remained  one  year  employed  as  cleik  K i.  •"'»-  '  ,  ,  ,i  ed  for  upward  of  four  years. 
m  a  raih^d  catingdiouse  ,n  LuraO .a  a  dw tin *  «>>  °  remained  but  a  short 
at  the  expiration  of  which  time  he  w   nt  ;        ;H',>;       S4  h    came  t0  Gettysburg,  and 

time,  when  he  again  returned  to  his  name  <  ou nty      in  i     ■>  ;      ,       Voeerv  busi- 

SSk  charge  of  the  eating-house  at  Round Jop  n  m  18h.,  embarked  in  the  .  uswar(, 
ness  on  Chambersburg  Street,  where  he ca,  ins  at  u  1  lim ,  „f  Alfred  and 
In  1877  he  was  united  in  marriage  w    h  MusJfcHa  £» ™mc  ^^ 

Laura  (Cresler)  Minnich.    She  was  a  name  <     <-an,  b       "   .^    un  \h.  aud  >Irs.  EnioU  are 
origin.      To  this  union  ^^^t^*!^™*  has  been  successful  in  life. 
members  of  the  Lutheran  Church      lhlf    t,l^K-p'f    Pennsylvania    born   at    Hunters- 
JOHN    C.   FELTY  •   «« ,  ^'^oV^lm  /  ^Ma"   (Neely)  Felty.     His 
town.  Adams  County   Maic  h  ->,  1MJ       «"  OI     °  ,  ,  f  th'e  State   and  were  gen- 

years^  was  a  farmer,  and  for  twenty-six  years  a   ust    r    f   he ^pea.  e    w a^  en  ^ 

of  medicine,  and  entered  the  University  of  I    n ns\  y i  i.    v>n  u  ne  ^ 

gree  M.  D.  in  1873.     He  then  located  m  ^'"'     ^,b^X^      me         1      native  county. 
of  the  physicians  to  St.  Luke's  Hospital  until  18,6.   He  the  n  r  u    nut  u  n 
wh„rc  nc  las  since  devoted  himself to  the  s tidy  of  h     p ^^^^■^iiS.      He  is 
fessional  skill  and  popularity  as  a  gent    man      a    «    u ^  ln  ;    -  Mason;  a  mem- 

K?S^SafflSrcSSS?  fflSKWp*!----'  the  alms-house 
°f  AKcALVyiN  GILBERT  of  the  firm  of  Gilbert  *  Smith  «^™na^  of 
that  place  April  8  1839,  a  son  of  Daniel  ^f^X^nf  lalter  a'  native  of  Frederick 
Adams  County,  Penn..  of  English  and  ^"X-  trade  and  carried  on  the  business  at 
County,  Md.  The  father  was  a  coach-maker  by  trad  an  d  earn* ^ 
Gettysburg  for  thirty  years  previous  to  the  to [.•    «f  ^ir^even  ^  ^  town- 

living.  the  Major  being  the  second      On  s    n     ts  >        to  m  an  noo  h.maker-s  trade 

received  the  benefit  of  a  public  school  educ,  n         >< 1      .  u  Company 

with  his  father.     At  the  outbreak  of  the war  in  1861  he >enlistcd  as  a  p  tl      was 

F  Eighty-seventh  Regiment,  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  inramry.  "  ^ bands  being 
ransferrJd  to  the  regimental  band.  After  a  service :  of  one  ear  u  >« a^ovember  3f, 
dispensed  with,  he  returned  to  his  company  ^served  wU^am^untu  ^ 

1862,  when,  by  special  order  of  the  ^^Z^haud  H  then  entered  the  corn- 
on  account  of  having  been  a  menit >er  of  the .i  eg 1 1.  i it.  ^l  ^  ^  al  at  Washington. 
missary  department  as  a  clerk  m  the  office  of  u  ™""™^>^  subsistance  of  volun- 
1).  C,  and  in  March.  1863.was  commissioned  cap  a  n  a  d  o  u m  ..uj  meritori- 
teers,  serving  as  such  until  is«r,  when  he  WMgr  onto ,  dt  .o  i he  nink  ot  m  J ^  nQ 
ous  service,  in  which  capacity  he  served  in  Oct  be  -t.  l.  tu  chambers- 
longer  required  he  was  honorably  mustered  out.  ^.Gilbert  nrnm  6g  hen  he 
burg,  Penn.,  and  embarked  in  mercantile  trade  c^n  nu  ng  in  sauu  n. a  ^  ^ 
commenced  the  manufacturing  bustne  ss  .  n  t h  s  Pla  ..  «»  busineS9  of  general 
1885,  when  he  returned  to  his  native  own, nd  engaged  n  ..  m.  ^  Ucan  in  poli. 
{SI :tt  i^lly^n'chanSrs^g  wa<  atf  foJemost  in  all  public  improvements: 


BOROUGH  OF  GETTYSBURG.  355 

liteen  years  he  was  an  active  member  of  the  school  board,  having  served  both  as 
Becretarj  and  treasurer  of  the  board    be  also  took  an  active  interest  in  the  agricultural 

affairs  of  the  county,  being  representative  of  Franklin  County  in  the  State  board  of 

agriculture,  and  for  fifteen  years  secretarj  of  the  county  agricultural  societj  He  is  at 
a  member  of  the  school  board  of  Gettysburg  and  a  membei  oi  the  town  council 
and  chief  of  the  fire  department  of  the  borough.  Be  has  frequently  been  a  member  of 
■thedistricl  Republican  conventions  and  also  a  representative  to  the  State  conventions 
He  i-  .'i  member  ol  the  order  of  Red  Men,  of  the  K  of  P.,  the  I.  0.  0.  V  .  and  is  a  Royal 
An  ii  Mason.  March  13,  1862,  he  was  married  to  Lavina  L.  Rex,  whose  parents  were 
natives  of  this  county,  of  German  descent.  To  our  subject  and  wife  have  been  born  8ve 
children,  all  yet  living.  Maj  Gilbert  and  his  wife  are  both  members  of  the  Lutheran 
Church. 

CALVEN  HAMILTON',  principal  of  the  public  scl Is,  Gettysburg  was  born  aeai 

thai  place  November  39,  1841,  a  son  of  William  and  Evaline  (Bayly)  Ham  i  I  ton      His  pa 

ind  maternal  ancestors  were  among  the  early  Scotch  settlers  of  the  State  the  Ham 
having  resided  in  A. lam-  County  since  1765,  and  were  among  the  first 'm 
in  the  county,  His  great  grandfather  enlisted  in  the  Revolutionary  war  from  Adams 
and  served  under  Gen.  Washington.  William  Hamilton  was  at  one  time  clerk  of 
the  courte  oi  Adams  County  Our  subject  is  one  of  eight  children,  .six  of  whom  are  now 
living.  He  grew  to  manhood  in  bis  native  town,  whose  graded  schools  he  attended  and 
tor  a  time  was  a  student  at  Pennsylvania  College,  which  he  left  in   1862   before  eradua- 

id  enlisted  in  Company  Eof  the  Pennsylvania  Reserves;  was  wounded  at  the  bat- 
tle of  Gettysburg,  in  1st;::,  while  defending  his  native  town.  On  recovering  from  his 
wound  he  was  mustered  into  and  served  in  the  Veteran  Reserve  Corp-  until  the  close  of 
the  war.  On  retiring  to  civil  life  he  attended  for  a  time  the  State  Normal  School  then 
located  at  Newville;  subsequenth  he  went  to  Illinois,  and  was  there  engaged  in  tea'chine 
tor  biz  years,  when  he  retured  to  Pennsylvania,  and  for  three  years  taught  school  at  New 
Oxford.  Since  1879  Prof.  Hamilton  has  been  a  teacher  in  the  schools  of  (bin  aburg  In 
is*:;  i„.  Was  married  to  Miss  Anna  K.  Hanawav.  daughter  of  Ephraim  Hanaw'ay  oiEn<*- 
lish  descent.     In  polities  the  Professor  i-  a  Republican,  ami  i-  now  serving  his  fourth 

-  assistant  burgess  of  Gettysburg.  Both  are  identified  with  the  Presbyterian 
Church,  in  which  he  has  been  an  elder  and  a  teacher  in  the  Sabbath-school  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  G.  A.  R. 

.XRo^-  nA>7\KV',f:"",",'b,;''tt-vs'""'-'  was»°ni  »'  Frederick  County,  Md.,  Aug- 
u^ll'  '""  !  leoband  Elizabeth  iSehriven  I[ankeV.  natives  of  Baltimore  County 

.M.I.,  and  ot  German  descent,  their  ancestors  some  way  back  being  anion"  the  early  On' 
man  families  0I  this  state,  feaac  llankey,  grandfather  of  our  subject,  was  a  wheel 
wnght,  and  in-  maternal  grandfather,  Philip  Schriver,  a  farmer  by  occupation  served  as 

a  soldier  in  the  war  of  [812.  Jacob  llankey,  al-o  a  farmer,  wa-  the  father  of  ei«'ht  children 
-even  ol  whom  grevi   to  maturity.     I>.  1).  W.  is  the  eldest  child,  and  his  b,  rj  hood  was  Spent 

in  the  rural  districts,  where  be  attended  school  and  assisted  his  parents  on  the  farm  Bub 
sequently  he  entered  Pennsylvania  College.  Gettysburg,  where  he  graduated  in  the  class 

ot  1853  I  he  -ame  year  he  accepted  a  position  as  principal  of  Mount  Pleasant  Seminary 
Berks  County,  Pent,.,  which  position  he  held  eight  years  He  had  a  taste  for  literary  pur- 
suits, but. on  account  of failing  health  he  was  compelled  to  give  up,  in  the  main,  the  profession 
of  teaching,  which  he  did  very  reluctantly,  and  at  the  advice  of  his  physician  he  encaeed 
in  farm. n^.  thougn  be  taught  a  portion  of  the  time.  In  all  he  taught  probably  some  sev 
enteen  years  a  portion  ..1  which  time  he  served  as  superintendent  of  school-,,!'  Vdiuns 
(  ounty.  m  connection  with  superintending  his  farm,  which  consists  of  25  1  acres  of  well 
improved  land.      Mr.  Hankej  for  a  period  funds |  supplies  for  schoolhouses  and  dealt 

'"  -''I"'"1  tun,, t, ue      1,,  1886  he  sold  oil  his  Stock  and  farming  Utensils,  and  .novel  to  (Jetty- 

ein  foe  machine  business.     In  1875  he  was  married  to  Anna  E.  Hartman  a 

daughter  Ol  Henry  Hartman.  of  German  dl  -,-ent.  and  1, !m  have  been  I,,,,,,  two   children- 

John  Bright,  named  after  the  great  English  statesman,  and  Norma  (..ace     The  parents' 

an.   members   ,,,     ,),,.  Lutheran  Church.      Mr.    llankey    i-   a  Republican  in  politics  and    has 

served  as  school  director.     He  i     u lerofth   Masonic  fraternity 

REV.  CHARLES  A.  II A  V.  I).  i>    (elected  1865.)  professor  of  Hebrew  and  Old  Testa- 
ment L\ege-i-.  i.ennan  language  and  literature  and  pastoral  theology,  in  the  Theological 

Seminary  at  Gettysburg,  js  a  native  of  York  County,  Penn.,  born  at   York.  February 

II,  1821    a  -on  of  John   ami    Eliza  (Ebert)  Hay,  the  former  of  whom  wa-  a  merchant  and 

ne  age  of  twenty-eight  years,  having  served  in  the  war  of  1813.    John  Hav  the 

he  Doctor,  emigrated   from  (Jen, .any   and   located   in   York   County 

Penn.,  in  pioneer  times  of  the  state.  He  was  a  soldier  in  the  Revolutionary  war  Dr  Hav 
was  the  younger  of  his  sons,and  was  but  a  babe  at  the  time  of  his  father's  death,  The  broth- 
er died  young,  and  the  mother  lived  to  be  sixty  three  years  old.  but  never  married  again 
Charles  A.  was  prepared    lor  college   in  the  German  Reformed  High  School,  at   York    ,,,„! 

by  Dr.  Morris,  at  Baltimore,  and  at  the  age  of  fifteen  he  entered  the  sophomore  class  in 

I  etin-y  vama  College,  graduating  from  that  institution  in  1839.  After  his  graduation  1,,. 
pursued  his  theological  studies  at  Gettysburg.  Penn.,  and  in  the  universities  of  Berlin  and 


356  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

mother  died  when  he  was  quite  young,  and  he  was  u .10 .  n in,..         g  - 

nniiiiisiii 

lk6,  and  the  same  year  commenced  the  P^VwfsSed  ?0 fi S„  daughter  of 
continued  to  the  present  time.     In  1847    Di.  Hi l  w  is  m an      ,  named:   William 

William  Witherow,  and  to  this  union  have  been  bom  the  lol  ou.n 
Foster,  a  civil  engineer  now  of  Albuquerqu *»•*..  -Jo hn  L    a  hawyer  a       3  T   and 

peace,  in  Gettysburg:   Harry  H„  a  clerk,  m  G  ettjbbu  „  .May  ^    ,.,,,.,,vt,rian  Church. 

a  member  $**^J$gB%$gba&  Guide,  Gettysburg,  is  a  native  of  that  place,  born 

years,  and  was  wounded  at  the  battle  ot  Wine  es  e     Va    June  U  low.     n  ^ 

mined  with  the  regiment,  «nd  TO  prat  eh.rge  . I  il« ,    8   "<  ?  .   .' V",,,-,      ,„,fMJIr. 
,1  tie  mirrendei  o!  Gen.  Lee,  »nd  wa.  mustered  out  of  .ot  «_ Ka>  1-.  ^  „    Ucke, 

IL.lBworlr.  «  elected  rogi.ler  am reorder  ol  "™, ^'"^"jVi  ,  "«,,  emiJoyed  .» 

County,  and  of  German  descent.     Their  four  child. ™  «°*1,*,n*>  t  ,tnt    attend  the  Lutb- 
in  the  postoffice  at  Gettysburg;. Mary.  Harry  and  Alfred.     The  P^nls  der  of 

eran  Church.     Mr.  Holtzworth  is  a  member  o    the  &1R     .  ndha        l      rf    ion    and  a 
the  post  at  Gettysburg      He  is  a  direc to t  ot  the  Get  ysbu B;   U AU  w_ 

member  of  the  school  board  of  Gettysbuig.     He  is  both  a  , u. is.  1  .  November 

DAVID  HORNER.  M.  D..  was  born  in  Gettysburg  Ada us  Count?    Fi nn..^ 
10.  1797.     He  was  the  son  of  Robert  and  the  grandson  of  D av  d  H on  er,  ^  i    g  8 
to  this  country  from  Ireland  pnoi ■  to .  tfa .yea     760.     Dr.  D.  m    I      ^ '^       ^  Ramsey. 
ical  education  in  the  Latin  school  of  ^^^"^^^^^a"^    „  Eminent  physician 
SS^^^SS^^SSS^S^  theory  andpractice  of  medicine 


BOROUGH  OF    GETTYSBURG.  357 

nV!1;:,";:;!1:;"';:"  Sm^00?:**  is  «*»»«»*  »>■ . >-"» »-  tomtuaon  Dr.  h..™,,. 

,,','- A~  B  Physician  be  was  faithfu   in  the  porformi ■  ,,i  hi 

\l'u''',l,'U:V'M"';'r-i,;l    0n,^2lUiofDeoember.l83a,hewa8uni.  ,1  „  , 
MlssAgnes  Brown  Alien  ol  Savannah,  Ga  .  bj  the  Rev.  David  McConaughy    i"  f o 
tte  Doctor  was  a  fim  Whig  and  adecided  anti-slavery  mnn     In  in,,  i  ,„.  w.ls- .  ',■.;.„,',         ' 

V,     :i;;m>     ■  »d  in  1843  was  elected  the  secont ,,',:,' 

In  1844  he  was   nominated   as  a  Whig  candidate  for  Congress  in  this  district   then  Tom 
'"T    oi  to"  counties  of  Tort  an  I   i/ams      in  this  con  tesl  be  was  defeated  bi     is    > 
^opDonent  Moses  McClean,  Esq.,  of  Gettysburg,  the  latter  having  received  a  majorit, 

J,"  i",\'s-V  '""'  toeformera  Whie  majority  of  7 WamsCounty.    The  Doctor  was 

elected  in  1856  one  ol  the  associate  judges  of  Adams  County   a  position  he  ]„„  ,  .,,  i 

:"'"''":',,lv  aijed  for  two  years.     On  th!  9th  of  February,  1858,Phe     i'V  „     is    | v  ,' 
HS  ™ou™ed.and  honored  in  the  community  in  whicfi  he  had  lived     ,     „     ■  t lr  ,  1  ,1 
»«""tory    His  remains  were    nterred  in  Evergreen  Cemetery     II,  ,'rttl    ■  'hi,/ 

DAVID  KKNDLKHART.  retired  merchant^  Gettysburg.     It  is  the  purpose  of  this 
personal  sketch  to  note  the  prominenl  characteristics  of  the  mdividual  to  whom  reference 

•i ; ; ;  ,i,n;  "  t]  d ■ ,n,  posterit:> ai"' ,o  ""■  Eutur«  «»"  »»<>  *«£  p- 

ci   /  en  of  Adams  (  ountj  and  as  a  representative  man.      To  describe  the  character  of  th 

^dividual whose iname  heads  this  sketch  the  flrel  impress  is  set   tor -i, •  ii      I. reo 

word*  to-wit:    Anhonesl  man.     II,  was  born  December30,  1818,  in  Gettysburg  to      1 
L.amlLluah,,,,  Flentgen)  Zendlehart,  natives  of  Germany  froni  whence^      "u'    ,    ' 
mu  to  whom  the  United States  isas  much  indebted  for  hef  .n,,si  industrious  " ,      anU 
wealthy  and  intelligent  elements  as  tcany  other  nationality  on  theglobe     Tl  •>■,:, 
tor'^;\   i    ,-Vt,''A'l''-aTU''l,1'J,liVHLll'im',r|--M,l-i''  '^''.--nH.tu^nlso.iaHl  isl       \,  ove," 

ss'x  Yn      w'7',lie  S|,T11M  "'  remainder  of  his  days  in  honest  toil,  for  thes,  P, 
his  m.v  children,  of  whom  David  is  the  fourth.     He,  at  the  early  age  of  twelve  Z™   ». 
"PPrenticed  to  the  shoe-maker's  trade,  and  baseontinu„l  U„  ,,  „  !h,V("  t    1 1     p  es'  ,  ,     ,', 
^connection  with  this  he  carried  on  a  general  boot  and  shoe  store  Vvin     Is  person  1 
attention  to  manufacture  and  sale,  for  a  period  of  over  forty  years     fletound  tfml  how 

own  to  the  would  be  destroyers  of  our  Government;  indeed,  it  must  have  looked  like  im 

I   ,i;i  i .  Gkttysiuieo,  June  26,  1863. 

*"■•'— The  authorities  of  the  boroneh  of  fiettyahnrr    in   ,,,„.  i,  ,>.       ,  .         . 

borough  and  county  bj  vou    say  their  u  th,  riiy  .  .it. 1    >,  ,  f   ZmJ°  demand    made  upon  the  same 

—»•<••  — ■««£ »JSSitSiK,.';S,™:,::?S,T:;:::::::;;7';:::::' :■ 

D.    KkNM  .HI1ART. 

h„r<; 'i  ',?. the  morning  of  July  4,  1868,  in  company  with  George  Arnold  Esq    of  Gettvs 
:-,v,T-V  ,    DunnS  tne  operations  of  the  fugitive  slave  law,  Mr   lendlehlrt was in  front 

s  &sm  ft-sats  saas  as  EaaaiSSS 


g58  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

McCartney)-  John  L.  (an  attorney  in  Philadelphia)   and  J   William  (a  clerk  in  £»<**££- 

ma.  and  of  Scotch-Irish  descent,     j.  ■>■  ^  William  Penn  to  one  ot  his 

saS^srSMf^s^  zsSs&is&s  samara; 

confined  to  the  schools  of    ^  ne.g.       „,         a        'n^cum  uiated  a  comfortable  corn- 
suits,  following  fanning  until  187.  when,  a tu     i i.ivi ag^o  A         daughter  of 

nativcS  of  the  same  county      The ■  ancesto  s  of ^o ur ^f^£™?£  th,'  famUy  were 
the  early  German   settlers  of  Pennsylvania  a       tntma^L  Ephraim  Kieffer,  who  is 

mostly  tillers  of  the  sod      Our  subject  is  a  co  wn  t o  the   Kev .^pnra 
widely  known  through  Pennsylvania  ud  of  Dr -Kiefier  a^X  grew  to  manhood  in 
lisle,  whose  sketch  appears  eNew he  e^         1 ^^ X •  U  now  Franklin  and  Marshall 
Franklin  County,  and  in   l!*S*  vw S™ li late     iro m  g  education 

College,  receiving  the  highest  horn  .sot  his  class      t  n       i   V  =      remained  two  years, 

he  entered  the  theological  department  of  th*tinstiu<  nwi  (    , 

.and  at  the  same  time  was  employed  as       <»    °  >  ^,    ™  ! ^^Iin   tingdon,  Penn.,  accepting 
His  first  pastoral  charge  was i  at  the  \\  at      b uc    ^ren  in       ig  accepled  a 

the  call  to  that  church  in  1840   and  seiving the  cha     _u  ur  y    t  Hagers- 

call  at  Hagerstown.  ML,  where  he,™X^ivd    ^^  ministerial  work 
town  he  went  to  Reading,  Penn.,  and  was  th         u         i l    -   -  ,  Tiffi      0ui0i 

for  five  years.     In  1855  he ^  was ,  e  ected  pres dent  of  He^drtlWgOolWB  .^ 
over  which  he  presided  near h  thirtien  \  t.us  h  anxious  that  it  should  sue- 

When  he  took  charge  the  college  was  uu     i nf.  > k>    ami     u n     a  ^^  fQr 

ceed  the  Doctor  really  performed  the  work  o    tw <   men     lorn     a  t  ^  com_ 

Penn.,  Dr.  tieffer  was  publisher  »V'^™      I  tailing  destroyed,  and  with 

church,  and  the  publishing  house  ^A"^^f%%^c^n^0itr\hulfons  to  thereli- 

^^^^^^^^^^^  "d  iQ 

'^^AM  THOMAS  KING,  merchant  •fWJO^^Taiai|]S,3ft 
Coirnty,  Ohio,  August  11   1     ^^^ 

lated  before  marriage)      The  foimei  «  as  a  name  oi  lit  one  q£  three 

both  being  of  Scotch-Irish  origin   amis tact re sb; jt  >^ s_  am    mkldl?  life  was  engaged 
children  brought  to  America  by  their  parents,  and  i     ei     ;  y  an  i  i  ly3Q  he 

?n  teaching  school,  but  for  some  years  previous  X     hi *  ^^iiUe  haul ing  logs  to  aid  his 

as  an  apprentice,  a  proceeding  he  seiiouslj  obi     tt  ^  ll  ^  tr.m,led  lnree  years,  work- 
regret  s£ce.     He  served  an aPP'^f 'p  of  * .  x  J  ear ^henUa     ^.^  J  Q 
ing  as  a  journeyman.    In  April,  18of  lie  ti  no,  u  i "'  h      |ained  the  reputation  of 

i,.?  himself,  which  he  has i  since  carried  on  and  a';./.  f^t.\  ,,,  teeond  to  no  other  in  the 
being  a  correct  cutter  and  a  hue  workman,  an d  to-d. ,  stands   a  and 

same  line  in  his  county.     Starting  business  th.rty- fo ui ear    a       v.  gg  y 

limited  resources  he  has,  by  good  ma. n    n t  . in   ^ clos t  ap   n   ,  succ,ssful.     Mr. 

with  the  ability  to  please  the  public,  bmlt  up  ah  nt  tiaa        n  1S53  he  wag 

Sed^MS^rahTB^^eSbm^ 


Sfe^< 


^0&£C 


£A~~ 


BOROQGH    OF  GETTYSBURG.  361 

and  to  whom  Mr  Kine  says  be  is  largely  indebted  for  the  success  in  life  be  has  ai 

It  5f^l         S«g| 

iai"'''  I  l,;.l'/Mil;'-l-'l|:v''i'"n,^  al  law,  Gettysburg,  was  bom  in  that  place  October  14 
anf's?o°chS^^^^^^ /.  and  of  German 

gEpr      £€SS?£E££2g£j 

wiih  th.-o   of  R    M     -,,,,!   rf    ad      ii         ™«b<«i   nl  tin  i.  <).().  p.,  and  is  identified 

ol  Gettysburg,  wasadmith,!  ,,,  t  „■  i,;ir  Nr,v,nil„.r  is    isfir  •!,,,!  l     ■.;,,;.  mi  V' 

fortunes  of  that  profession.     Prom  1869  to  1-7::  ]„■  s  ,-v.  1  „a      .  ant  •>     "„  '  of     m  ,■  ',1 

SeptembM^  laiPSS  WS^6'  WM  Krn  in  freedom  Township,  Adams  Co.,  Penn., 
'\i  '  1  .  '  ''  a0E  ,"'  Ahnih«»'  and  Jane  (Tott)  Krise.    The  father  was  a  native 

death  c u'rredt'  &&  .V  £*£  ^cefZ  ^Ug  r^S.*  S^,Mfi 


gg2  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES : 

and  of  whom  1.  was  said  he  was ,  gj lorn  o, jtt-™,  -J^O™  .^et  attend^the 
district  schools  in  Freedom  Towns         .  n d  gained    n  u  c  of  the'Nin      .xintU 

cestors  on  both  sides  were  among  the  early  Bettlwsoita is  ic  ^       ^ 

prOTlnaiS  th:  McClcjn  fun,  y  having     J  ^rT.l   .velum     willbc  f  cUd  th;  arty 
Of  Hon.  I).  McCpnaiiKhy,  and  in  the  Insl     >         i«  "  '  fession,  and   died   in 

history  of  the  McConaughys).     M<*      M<  C  ^fw.al^ycentury.     He  represented  the 
Gettysburg  in  1870   haying practtw   1  a      U      «.    oi  ha  la  centt  J  ^  ^  ^.^  .q 
people  of  Adams  County  in         S a      L         a  a  i      i        ,]efferson  College  (then 

Kress  Judge  Met tanK a  lua t  •  .  V I  >  «  d  £  instruction  of  his  father,  and 
Washington)  in  18..1.     He  u.       aw    n  u '  -  ;        it      and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 

subsequently  furthered  his  st udits  . it  H.m     u  l  ■    f '       In  1873  lie  served  as  a  mem- 

1854,  from  which  time  unti  1  18  4  he  was   n  a     ^  elected      esi(k,Dt  judge, 

English  descent •    /he  cluldiei   (mn    ii\iu „    u  William,   a  lawyer  of 

of  Rev.  Charles  M  Stock  of  Bed  '>{  ^//^^nV,f,uI  faw  department  of  the  Uni- 
Gettysburg   a  graduate  ol  I  e   nsyha        t  olle^e    a  no  ^  married  Miss 

versity  of  Georgia.     Mis   McClian  ci  ieci  in  i=     ,  .  orjo.in      The  union  was  blessed 

Matilda  Gates  of  Kitlanmng.  Pennsyh ani£  and  ^  r,!\^.  ~  "an  „st  his  second  wife  in 
with  two  children,  one-Samt ;  J^"^1*^^  'The udee  is  also  a  member  of  that 
SA™  clSward^  f^^l^VhaVserfed  as  superintendent  of  the 

SaiKlanR  l7fo   Sfi^ ^  f , ^^^^^^gSifSM 

daughter  of  Mr.  Baltzer  Rangier,  oT that _town.  ^u man  an 

and  was  buried  in  the  family  grave-yaid  July  *  ^f,-      '  ™£  His  family  consisted 

ive,  public-spirited  man   anoV w  as  once  high  rtmWHT«k  County  q  Washingt0n 

of  four  boys  and  eight  girls.     The :  boys  were   w  u  Qf  ^  ^^ 

octpytg^^^^ 

SKftSf -"of  M9S:fc-    WiK 

M^iaf^^ 

son.  William  B.  McClellan.  ""--"-  , '  *'."£,  ! J"he  lamk  at  Gettysburg,  which 
limited  eduea.iona  adyan  ages  ami  began ^  ni^  ^one.,hird  of  ,  Century;  He  has 
position  he  filled  lo.  .  O-U  .a  a  'Recently-erected  a  block  of  buildings  in  Gettys- 
been  a  successful  business  man.  ami     is      .  m >  appointed  treasurer 

burg,  which  stand  as  a  monument  to  1  en  top  •*■  £  \£  sam(,  ^e.  Mr.  McClel- 
of  the  county,  and  served  until  1843,  w     n  lew.  »    Rctui ^  esteemed  for  his  excellent 

Ian  is  identified  with  the  Presbyte, tan  Chine  ■  »^^'  familiarly  called,  related 
qualities.     He  has  never  married         C ol      M  i Hi  in.  i  .      from  Gettys- 

b  g  r^n^^  H^is  - in  his  sev- 

eDtyH^hDTy-ID  McCONAUGHY,  «^t«J-fflSSiS 
that  place  July  13   1823,  a  son  of  John  and  Ma,  ga        1 at,  ,;  on         t  .^^     (he  first 

this  county,  and  of  Scotch-Irish  descent.  T he  J U I  m. «  ,  n  pio"neers.  David  McCon- 
setllers  of  Adams  County,  and  om ■  n f  thi  n  o  t    .        ni m  1  _u  ^  qW      ^ 

aughy,  the  great  grandfather  ot  David,  was  ^"".'-ind  after  its  close  served  again  in 
faAim'es,  took  active  part  ^.^^^^k  cUnty  bj  c  n  mlsion  from  George  III. 
the  Legislature,    and  was    sheriff  o      \ork  t  ->»i   >  ;  .. -uU.lth,.1.  of  David  on  his  mother's 


BOROUGH  OF  GETTYSBURG.  :;r,:; 

before  and  after  tbe  Revolution,  and  performed  service  in  thai  war  as  capt..in      The  in, 
I'/  "'IT  lwo  l,,cP  w;iv  v">  muclJ  ■•hl-  °oth  were  of  Scotch  Irish  eztraC  i n  came   rom 
&e  old  countrj  in  the  same  vessel,  and  each  served  as  a  justice  of  th  ■        , 

;;p';;;v;:;'irn':;''lir;''  jo^Mcconaughy,thefatherWrsubj,         ,  ;;" 

"'■-"'  '  ""       ,:,'1"1   '"'"•■'  '■"""'  «ntl  miller  and  became  a  lawyer  in  1806      David  was 
'",  *""'^'-!  CUl1  I,"    l!l""  50n(  8n«  U™«  daughters,  and  is  the  only  one  nov,  resMhVfn 

^™L<  oun7;    Robert,  thee st  son,  n aw  and  was . utted  totJieblrTt 

^.removed  ^Indiana   ,nd  therediedin  1840,    James  th nd amanufactni, 

!'.',  ■';"-•;•""■  !  '      ,  Penn     The  daughters  were  Hannah  Mary  wife^f  Moses  M 

(  lean,  whose  son,  II. mi.  William  Mc<   ean,  is  the  present  iudee  of  this  His  rinV    i'       , 

thewdowofProf.M    L    S,„,.,,..  .MlMa,,,,:,   I-:.'   ui„  "/I,.         ,  '„  ™\p\ 

'  Missouri,  who,  at  one  timewas  preside f  a  college  at  Mc 

chaplain  in  the  Union  Army.     David  gre*  torn 1         is  ,r  ' 

\"Uln  wy  age  of  seventeen  years  S    idi  i    d   ^aThng?  nC     '.       "„  , 

"  imo     After  graduating  be  accepted  a  position  as  principal  of  a  high  Bchool  in  Marv^ 
bnd  where  he  remained  two  jean.     In  I842M5  he  read  law  under  his   brother ?i"law 

Mos,or<  ,:,„:,,,,!,  tothebar  in  1845 .  - e  which  time  he  has  continued 

1"llr,u'"  '1'  •''"  :  '  ■  '"'  h  >"'  bas  been  successful,  both  in  the  milll    ,!     . 

<»f  his  cases  and  in  a  p  nse.     1,  waa  mainly  through  hie  efforte  that  thl  Ever 

green  Cemetery  was  establish  burg,  in  1853  of  wfilch  he  »',,,.,' 

T'Tr  antilh1863~  h: <:>■  i me inv.M.nurtinis,,:,    ,;.;',;:' 

'n~ '"""  elected  '"  ""•  latter  office  i.i  1865      In  1847  his  marria e  ■  \     i     ;    i,n-        V      . 

sons  all  ol  whom  are  graduates  of  Pennsylvania  College:  .,!1Im.s  lr      ;,         /X",!' 
a  years,  now  the  associate  general  secretary  of  the  Y   M l     '    \      ,i   \       'v 
»d™'ed*  *e  fee  of  eighteen,  b  £SS?2£^  ££  Y   M   <'Y?hV/,i 
delphia:  Samuel  graduated  ;n  his  nineteenth  year,  is  secretary  of  nor  hwestern  'branch  of 
'hei    M.  C.  A.,  of  Philadelphia;  and  a  daughter  Marv   a  "■r-.,i,,.,o.     ■  ,        ■     oranca  or 
n-ii'v  -it    Pittafielri    \f-i  s        Ti,,.   i,,    -t  .      '  ,       -V  a  jnadnato  ol    the    lemale  semi 

u  ,.  ,     '■   aass-       l he  familj  is  identified  with  the  Presbyterian  Chnrrh      \t, 

Curdy  was  born  in   1813  in  Cumberland  Township,  on  what  ,„;„,',; 

of  the  Geth  sbure  I;  ,,1,  n  I  wh.v  ,  \    •    ,      •  ?!  '      eM  "'sl  and  m"M  Persistenl  promoters 
Son  with  fE  ifcdEEJ ^oG^ttysbur«,t!  fl'st  modern  facilities  by  connec 

SESSHSrlFl 

,..',  i   ,„■','.;;        ,  ;     ;  '  ,:'  G    Fahnestock,  Esq       [n  1880 

;'     pl:/<e„,1„ai1  .  ,„,,,,.     In  addition  to  these  elect- 

:  =  B.*fc.-JS 


364  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

HARVEY  W.  McKNIGHT,  president  and  professor  of  intellectual  and  moral  science, 
Pennsylvania  College,  Gettysburg,  is  a  native  of  this  county,  born  in  McKnightstOwn 
April  3  1843  of  Thomas  and  Margarel  (Stewart)  McKnight,  of  Scotch-Irish  descent. 
Thomas  McKnight.  the  founder  of  McKnightstown,  was  a  farmer  and  merchant.  His 
death  occurred  in  1850.  Harvev  W..  the  youngest  of  a  family  of  nine  children,  was  only 
a  lad  of  seven  years  at  the  time"  of  his  father's  death.  Tbe  mother,  after  the  death  of  her 
husband  moved  to  Jackson  Hall,  in  Franklin  County,  Penn.,  where  our  subject  was 
occupied'  for  a  time  in  the  village  schools  and  for  three  years  as  a  clerk  m  a  general  store. 
He  for  a  time  attended  the  academy  at  (Jhambersburg,  and  in  1860  entered  Pennsylvania 
College  and  pursued  his  studies  until  1862,  when  he  enlisted  in  Company  B,  One  Hundred 
and  Thirty-eighth  Regiment,  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry.  He  was  made  orderly- 
sergeant  and  subsequently  promoted  to  the  office  of  second  lieutenant,  but  on  account  of 
ill  health  was  soon  compelled  to  resign.  After  his  return  home  he  was  made  adjutant  of 
the  Twenty-sixth  Regiment  of  Pennsylvania  Militia,  and  as  such  served  during  the  inva- 
sion of  Pennsylvania  by  the  rebel  forces  in  1863.  After  the  burning  of  Chambersburg,  in 
1864  he  was  commissioned  captain  of  Company  D,  Two  Hundred  and  Tenth  Regiment  of 
Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry,  and  served  as  such  until  the  close  of  the  war,  in  1865. 
He  then  returned  to  Pennsylvania  College,  from  which  he  was  graduated  that  year  and 
entered  the  theological  seminary  at  Gettysburg,  and  from  that  institution  graduated  in 
1867  and  was  licensed  as  a  preacher.  From  1867  to  1870  he  served  as  pastor  of  a  church 
at  Newville-  then  owing  to  bad  health,  he  retired  from  the  ministry  for  a  period  oi  two 
years  From  1872  to  1880  he  was  pastor  of  St.  Paul's  Church,  at  Eaton,  Penn.  From  1880 
to  1884  he  served  as  pastor  of  the  First  English  Lutheran  Church  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  In 
1878  Dr  McKnight  was  elected  a  trustee  of  his  alma  mater,  and  the  same  year  delivered 
the  alumni  address  at  the  theological  seminary.  Gettysburg.     In  1884  he  was  chosen,  by  a 


Welly     WHO  si'   pairing  uric    ui    uiun.irmou    «u--*    iwmuj..»u.-   «~ «..-    — ____,.        -  ~    —~ 

marriage  have  been  born  Jane  M.  and  Mary  L.      Mrs.  McKnight  is  identified  with  the 
Lutheran  Church.     The  title  of  D.  D.  was  conferred  on  our  subject  by  Monmouth  College, 

U  HON  EDWARD  McPHERSON,  LL.  D.,  Gettysburg,  is  a  descendant  in  the  fourth 
generation  of  Robert  and  Janet  McPherson,  who  settled  on  Marsh  Creek,  Adams  County 
("then  Lancaster),  in  the  year  1738.     Robert  died  in  1749;  Janet  in  1767. 

Col  Robert  McPherson,  his  great  grand-father,  was  educated  at  the  Academy  at  New 
London  Chester  County,  and  was  for  thirty  years  an  active  and  influential  citizen,  and 
filled  many  important  positions  m  York  County.  He  was  auditor  in  1755  and  1767;  com- 
missioner in  1756;  sheriff  in  1762;  assemblyman  in  1765-'67  and  1781-84.  He  was  a  member 
for  York  County  of  the  provincial  conference  of  committees,  which  met  in  Carpenters 
Hall  Philadelphia  June  18,  1776,  and  was  also  a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Convention, 
which  in  July,  1776.  formed  the  first  constitution  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania.  He  was 
captain  in  Gen  Forbes'  expedition  to  reduce  Fort  Du  Quesue  in  1758,  and  served  as  col- 
onel in  the  Revolutionary  Army,  and,  after  expiration  of  term,  as  an  assistant-commissary 
of  supplies  His  wife  was  Agnes  Miller,  of  the  Cumberland  Valley,  by  whom  he  had  nine 
children— six  daughters  and  three  sons.  Of  the  former  two  died  in  infancy.  Janet  mar- 
ried Mai  David  Grier,  of  York;  Mary  married  Alexander  Russell.  Esq.,  of  Gettysburg; 
Agnes  married  Dr.  Andrew  McDowell,  of  Chambersburg.  and  Elizabeth  married  James 
Riddle  Esq  of  Chambersburg.  The  eldest  son,  William-  married,  hist.  Mary  Carrick  of 
Maryland-  next,  Sarah  Reynolds  of  Shippensburg,  Penn.  Robert  died  unmarried,  and 
John  married  Sarah  Smith,"of  Frederick.  Md.  Col.  Robert  was  one  of  the  charter  trustees 
of  Dickinson  College.     He  died  in  1789.  . 

Lieut  William  McPherson,  grand-father  of  Edward,  served  honorably  in  the  Kevolu_ 
tionary  war  having  been  a  lieutenant  in  1776.  in  Miles'  Rifle  Regiment,  and  was  captured 
bv  the  enemy  at  the  battle  of  Long  Island,  and  kept  a  prisoner  of  war  for  nearly  two  years. 
On  his  return  to  civil  life  he  discharged  many  public  trusts,  and  for  nine  years  repre- 
sented York  County  in  the  Legislature,  as  the  special  champion  of  the  bill  for  the  creation 
of  Adams  County.which  was  accomplished  in  1800.  He  died  in  Gettysburg  August  2, 18,52, 
in  his  seventy-fifth  year.  „  .  T .     .  -_.„. 

lohn  B  McPherson.  grand-son  of  Col.  Robert  McPherson,  a  son  of  Lieut.  \\  ilham 
McPherson  by  Mary  Carrick,  of  Frederick  County.  Md.,  and  father  of  Edward,  was  born 
near  Gettysburg  November  15,  1789,  on  the  farm  on  which  his  great-grandfather  settled  in 
1738  He  diedln  Gettysburg,  January  4,  1858.  Our  subject  lost  his  mother  when  quite 
young  and  spent  several  of  his  earlier  years  with  his  grand-father,  Capt.  Samuel  Carrick, 
of  the'neighborhood  of  Emmittsburg,  Md.  He  subsequently  returned  to  his  home,  where 
he  S'lent  his  youth.  He  received  a  fair  education  at  the  academies  of  Gettysburg  and 
York  He  spent  several  years  of  his  life  ia  Frederick  City.  Md.,  with  his  unc  e.  Col.  John 
McPherson  and  for  a  year  was  a  clerk  in  the  Branch  Bank,  located  in  that  place,  tie  was 
married  in' Frederick.  April  25,  1810,  to  Miss  Catharine,  daughter  of_  Godfrey  Lenhart 
Esq.,  and  grand-daughter  of  Yost  Herbach,  all  of  York  County.  Early  in  1814  he  removed 


BOROCGH  OF  QETTTSBORQ.  365 

to  G<  ttysburg  with  a  view  to  entering  the  mercantile  business,  but  on  the  86th  of  May  of 
thai  yea,  bi  was  elected  cashier  of  the  bank  of  Gettysburg,  then  recently  chartered  and 
i  He  continued  in  that  position  until  his  death,  a  period  oi  nearlj  fortj  four 
d  superior  business  ability  and  courteous  manners,  combined  with  stren  b 
of  character  and  a  high  sense  of  personal  and  official  honor.  He  participated  actively  in 
municipal  and  countj  affairs,  and  tilled  many  posts  of  trust.  He  was  highly  inti  lligi  til 
and  well  read,  and  was  a  patron  and  efflcienl   friend  to   Pennsylvania  College,  of   whosi 

board  of  trustees  he  was  president  at  the  time  of  hisdeath.     His  widow  survived  I 

about  one  year  Thej  left  several  children  A  grand-son,  Hon.  John  U.  McPherson  is 
associate  lau  judge  of  the  Dauphin  and  Lebanon  District.  Another  grand-son,  Dr  J. 
ItcPherson  Scott,  has  twice  represented  his  native  county  of  Washington,  Md.,  in  the 
Legislature,  is  n  physician  of  high  standing,  and  was  a  district  delegate  in  the  Republican 
Conveniion  of  l^sl.  . 

Hon  Edward  McPherson,  youngest  son  of  John  B.  and  Catharine  McPherson,  was 
horn  in  Gettysburg,  July  31  1830,  and  was  educated  at  the  public  schools  of  that  town  and  at 
Pennsyli  graduating  from  the  latter  in  1848  at  eighteen  with  the  valedictory. 

1 1,  early  developed  a  taste  for  politics  and  journalism,  but  at  the  request  of  his  Eathei  bi 
ran  the  study  of  law  with  Hon.  Thaddeus  Stevens  at  Lancaster,  which,  however,  he 
abandoned  on  account  of  failing  health,  and  for  several  winters  was  employed  in  Harris 
burg  aaa  reporter  of  legislativi  proceedings  and  a  correspondent  for  the  Philadelphia  North 
i  ,  and  other  newspapers  In  the  campaign  of  1851  he  edited  in  the  interest  of  the 
Whig  party  the  Harnsburg  Daily  American,  and  in  the  fall  of  that  year  he  took  charge  oj 
the  Lancaster  /■  Whig,  which  he  edited  until  January,  1854.     In  the  spring  of 

,i,i,  ,i  the  Inland  Daily  the  first  daily  paper  published  at  Lancaster.  His  health 
prayed  unequal  to  such  exacting  labors  and  he  relinquished  them  as  stated  excepl  for 
brief  periods  at  Pittsburgh,  in  1855,  and  at  Philadelphia  from  the  fall  of  1878  to  the  spring 
of  1880,  since  which  time  he  has  not  bad  active  connection  with  the  press.  The  first  im 
portant  public  service  rendered  by  Mr.  McPherson  was  the  preparation  of  a  series  of  let- 
ters ten  in  number,  which  were  primed  in  the  Philadelphia  Evening  Dull, tin  in  the  year 
1857.  and    afterward  in   pamphlet    form,  their  objecl    being    to    prove    the    soundness 

of    the    financial    policy    which    demanded    the    sale    by    the    State    of     its    main    hue    of 

public  improvements.    The  letters  analyzed  the  reports  of  the  canal  commissioners  for  a 
series  of  years    proved  the  falsity  of  the  conclusions  drawn  from  them,   and  demon 
Btrated  the  folly  of  continue, i  State  i  wnership  and  management.    The  letters  were  nevi  r 
.1   and  thej    formed  the  text   from  which  were  drawn  the  arguments  in  favor  of 
the  sale,  which  was  accomplished  in  1858.    The  next  year  he  prepared  a  like  series  on  the 
sale  of  the  branches  of  the  state  .anal,  which  had  a  like  reception.    Both  series  oi  letters 
ware  published  anonymously,   bul  were  signed  "Adams,"  after  his  native  county.     In 
1856   he   published  an   address  on   "The  Growth  of  Individualism."  which  was  deliv- 
alumni  of  his  alma  mater,  of  whose  board  of  trustees  he  has  been  for 
years  an  active  member.    Another  was  published  in  1858  on  "The  Christian  Principle,  lis 
Influence  upon  Government,"  and  still  another  in,  in  1859,  on  "The  Family  In  Its  Rela- 
tions to  the  state."  both  of  which  were  deli verei I  before  the  Y.  M   C.  A.  ol  Gettysburg. 
I„  [868  he  delivered  an  address  before  the  literary  societies  of  Dickinson  College  on  the 
"Know  Thyself,"  persouallj  and  nationally  considered,     tn  1858  Mr.  McPherson 
was  elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress  from  the  Sixteenth  Districl  of  Pennsylvania,  em- 
be  counties  of  Adams.  Franklin,  Fulton.  Bedford  and  Juniata,  and  was  re  elected 
in  istio.     In  1862  be  iin  the  political  reaction  of  that  date,  the  distri< 

anwhile  changed  bj  the  substitution  ol  Somerset  County  for  Juniata.  I  pon  the 
completion  of  hie  congressional  term  of  service  he  was  appointed  in  April.  1863,  by 
President  Lincoln,  upon  Secretary  Chase's  recommendation,  deputy  commissioner  of  in- 
ternal revenue,  in  which  position  he  served  until  December,  1863,  when  he  was  chosen 
clerk  ot  the  Bouse  of  Representatives  for  the  Thirty-eigth  Congress,  which  office  he  cue 
tinned  to  hold  duringthe  Thirty  ninth.  Fortieth.  Forty-first,  Forty-second  and  Forty  third 
,.-  and  again  in  the  Forty-seventh  Congress,  being  the  longest  continuous  serv- 
ice and  the  longest  service  in  that  post  from  the  beginning  of  the  Government.    During 

ninistration  of  President  Hayes  he  served  as  chief  of  the  bureau  of  engravi 
printing  of  the  Treasury  Department  foreighteen  months,  during  which  tune  here-organ- 
ized and  reformed  its  administration  and  obtained  from  Congress  an  appropriation  of 
$825,000  for  the  erection  of  its], resent  fire-proof  building  in  Washington  City.    The  enure 
cost  of  it  was  met  out  of  om  ngs  from  the  appropriations  made  for  the  bureau 

imount  was  left  nnexpended  in  the  Treasury.     During  his  service  in  Con- 

fteas  ihe  principal  speech  is  of  Mr.  McPherson  were  on  "  Disorganization  and  Disunion, 
1  February  24,  1860.  in  review  of  the  two  months'  contest  over  the  election  ot  a 
in  the  Thirty  Bixth  Congress;  "The  Disunion  Conspiracy,"  delivered  January  23, 
istii  in  examination  of  the  secession  movement  and  the  arguments  made  in  justification 
of  it;  "The  Rebellion:  Our  Relations  and  Duties."  delivered  February  l-t,  1862,  in  general 
discussion  of  the  war;  " The  Administration  of  Abraham  Lincoln  and  Its  Assailants,  de- 
livered June  •"),  186-J.    During  and  since  his  incumbency  of  the  clerkship  he  published 


366  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

"A  Political  History  of  the  United  States  Daring  the  Rebellion,"  extending  from  the 
presidential  election  of  18(50  to  April  12,  1865,  the  date  of  Lincoln's  death;  "A  Political 
History  of  the  United  States  During  the  Period  of  Reconstruction,"  extending  from  1865  to 
1870;  ••Hand-book  of  Polities  for  1870-72;"  ••Hand-hook  of  Polities  lor  1872-74;"  also  one 
for  1876-78;  1878-80;  1880-82;  1882-84;  1884-80.  These  hater  volumes  are  editorial  compila- 
tions of  the  political  record  of  men  and  parlies  during  that  eventful  period,  and  have  re- 
ceived a  high  place  in  the  confidence  of  all  parties  for  completeness,  fairness  and  accuracy. 
Darin"  the  summer  and  fall  of  L8SI  our  subject  served  as  volunteer  aide  on  the  staff  of  Gen. 
McCall  commanding  the  Pennsylvania  Reserves,  with  a  view  of  studying  the  wants  and  or- 
ganization of  the  army,  and  to  til  himself  for  intelligent  legislative  action  on  those  subjects. 
in  the  Thirty-seventh' Congress  he  was  a  member  of  the  military  committee  of  the  House 
and  took  an  active  part  in  legislation  respecting  tue  army.     He  also  served  as  chairman 

of  the  Committ n  the  Library  and  as  a  regenl   of  the  Smithsonian  Institute.     He  was 

secretary  of  the  People's  State  Committee  of  Pennsylvania  in  18 .57;  was  a  member  of  the 
Republican  National  Committee  from  1860  to  1864;  was  frequently  a  delegate  to  State  con- 
ventions; was  a  representative  delegate  to  the  Republican  National  Convention  of  1876,and 
was  the  permanent  president  of  that  body.  He  has  actively  participated  in  politics  for 
many  years  and  has  been  during  three  campaigns  the  secretary  of  the  Republican  Con- 
gressional Committee.  In  1867  the  degree  of  LL.  D.  was  conferred  upon  him  by  Penn- 
sylvania College.  Mr.  McPherson  was  married  November  12,  1863,  to  Miss  Annie  D., 
daughter  of  John  S.  Crawford,  Esq.,  of  Gettysburg,  and  grand-daughter,  on  her  lather's 
side"  of  Dr.  William  Crawford,  a  native  of  Scotland,  who  settled  near  Gettysburg  about 
17811  who  lor  eight  year-  rcjires  uited  that  district  ill  Congress,  and  on  her  mother's  side 
of  the  Rev  Dr  William  Paxton,  who  for  nearly  fifty  years  served  with  distinction  and 
ability  Lower  Marsh  Creek  Presbyterian  Church.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  McPherson  have  four 
sons  and  one  daughter.  .  vr.ii 

WILLIAM  McSHERRY,  Jr..  attorney  at  law,  was  born  in  Martmsburg,  V  a.— the 
home  of  his  maternal  grandfather.  Dr.  Richard  McSnerry—  July  15,  1855.  His  father. 
Hon  William  McSlierry  is  a  native  and  life-long  resident  of  Adams  County,  Penn. ;  and  his 
mother  was  Eliza  T.  McSlierry,  a  beautiful  and  intelligent  lady  of  Virginia.  He  received 
his  early  education  in  the  private,  public  and  parochial  schools  of  nis  lather's  home, 
Littlestown  Adams  Co.,  Penn.  From  the  age  ot  fourteen  to  sixteen  years  he  was  a  clerk 
in  a  hardware  store;  then  lie  entered  Mount  Saint  Mary's  College,  Emmillsburg,  Md., 
from  which  he  graduated  in  June.  1877.  delivering  the  class  valedictory.  He  read  law 
under  his  father  Hon.  William  McSlierry,  LL.  D.,  and  Edward  S.  Reily,  district  attorney 
of  Adams  County,  Penn.  (formerly  professor  of  laws  at  the  University  of  Georgetown. 
D  C  )  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  August  17,  1878.  He  has  -nice  devoted  his  time  to 
the  study  and  practice  of  his  profession,  with  unusual  success.  He  served  as  counsel  to 
the  directors  of  the  poor  from  1882  to  1886,  and  was  then  re-appointed,  but  declined  fur- 
ther service.  In  June.  1884,  he  was  admitted  to  practice  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  Penn- 
sylvania. Mr.  McSlierry 's  home  is  at  the  family  residence.  '■Home-wood,"  in  Germany 
Township;  his  place  of  business  is  Gettysburg. 

WILLIAM  B  .MEALS,  marble  cutter  and  proprietor  of  the  Gettysburg  Marble  \\  orks, 
was  bom  in  Adams  County,  Penn.,  September  27.  1822  or  1823,  a  descendant  of  the  fourth 
generation  of  those  his  ancestors,  who  first  settled  in  this  country, some  time  prior  to 
1732  of  German  and  Scotch  descent.  He  is  a  sou  of  Gabriel  Meals  and  Nancy  A.  (Laugh- 
man)  Meals,  of  whose  leu  children  (seven  boys  and  three  girls),  he  is  the  third.  He  re- 
ceived part  of  his  schooliug  in  the  common  schools  of  Adams  County,  and  his  higher 
branches  under  private  tutors.  He  is  a  man  of  culture,  and  is  considered,  a  ready  speaker. 
With  his  attention  to  reading,  he  is  generally  posted  in  the  current  news  of  the  day.  He  has 
prosecuted  his  business  since  a  young  man,  and  succeeded.  In  1860  he  was  married  to  Miss 
Maria  Schaefler  daughter  of  D.  S.  Schaeffer  (veterinary  surgeon),  of  German  descent,  and 
-1  native  of  Pennsylvania  and  to  them  children  were  born,  viz.:  Louis  Henry,  the  eldest. 
also  a  marble  cutter  of  superior  skill,  a  partner  with  his  father  in  the  Gettysburg  Marble 
Works'  Nannie  E  William  Washington  Grant  (a  telegrapher),  and  Gabriel  Franklin  (the 
latter  being  young  has  not  yet  chosen  a  profession);  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Meals  and  family  are 
members  of  the  Lutheran  Church,  and  Mr.  Meals  has  been  an  office  bearer  in  the  same  for 
thirty  odd  years  In  politics  he  is  a  Republican;  he  has  served  as  assessor,  school  director 
as  a  member  of  the  town  council,  burgess  and  justice  of  the  peace  in  the  borough  of 
Gettysburg  where  he  lives,  and  was  at  home  during  the  battle  in  1863.  September  4  18(>4 
he  enlisted,  in  the  army  of  the  Union,  was  attached  to  Company  G,  Two  Hundred  and 
Ninth  licnnent  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  was  discharged  at  the  close  of  the  war  as 
eonimis-an-  sergeant.  May  9,  1865,  he  having  participated  in  two  battles:  Fort  Steadman 
and   in  l'ru'nt  of  Petersburg,   Va.,   when  Gen.  Lee  surrendered  to  Gen.   Grant, 

LEE  MUMPER,  photographer,  Gettysburg,  was  born  near  Dillsburg,  York  Co., 
Penn  May  7  1843,  a  son  of  Samuel  and  Catherine  (Shultz)  .Mumper,  also  natives  of  \  oik 
County,  and  of  Dutch  descent.  His  father,  in  early  life,  was  a  farmer  but  m  later  years 
kept  a  hotel  at  Harrisburg  Penn..  his  death  occurring  in  that  city;  and  of  his  seven  eb.il- 
Chlldren  Lee  is  the  second.     Our  subject  was  reared  in  Adams  County,  receiving  his  edu- 


B0R01  QH  OF  QBrTYSBURQ. 


367 


ration  in  the  district  Bcbools  in  the  vicinity  where  he  grew  up.  w  hen  voting  in;  learned 
the  cabinet  maker's  trade,  al  which  he  worked  until  his  enlistment,  in  1863,  in  (  ompany 
i  One  Hundred  and  Twenty-seventh  Regiment,  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry,  com 
manded  by  Col.  Jennings,  in  which  organization  he  served  nine  months  Returning 
l„,m,.  |„,  learned  the  arl  of  photography  with  Tyson  Brothers,  ol  Gettysburg,  and  in  18M 
embarked  in  the  business  for  himself  at  Gettysburg.    The  titl< he   ftrm  at  pri 

,  A  Co    who  execute  both  indoor  and  outdoor  work  with  neatness  and  dispatch 

The  studio  is  al  No   23  Baltimore  Street,  where  all  orders  receive  prompt  attention.     Any 

1;l,  picture  ,,,  the  battle  of  Gettysburg  or  mounts  is  always  photographed  by  request, 

,,  ttand.  The  firm  keeps  a  full  line  of  stereoscopic  views  of  all  parts  of  the  battle 
field  in  stock.  In  1866  Mr  Mumper  was  married  to  Sarah  S.  Shaffer,  daughter  ol  Jacob 
Shaffer,  ol  5  ork  Springs,  Penn.,  and  of  German  descent,  and  to  this  union  liave  been  born 
nine  children  Jacob,  Charles,  Mammie,  Frank  L.,  Elsie,  John,  Alyin,  (  lyde  and  Edgar 
mper  is  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church.  Mr.  Mumper  is  a  member  ol  Post 
No.  9,  G.  A    If.,  of  GeOysbut  .     _  _         ,  .       .  .         _ 

CO!  JAMES  L  NEELY  (deceased)  was  born  in  [yrone  rownship,  Adams  to.. 
Penn  February  20  1801,  and  died  al  his  residence  in  Straban  Township,  on  the  28d  ol 
U>ril"l868  He  was  of  Scotch-Irish  pare, age.  His  grandfather,  Samuel  \eoly.  having 
come  from  the  North  of  Ireland  in  17S0,  settled  in  what  is  now  known  as  I  yrone  rownship, 
„,ok  up  large  quantities  of  land  and  raised  a  large  familj  of  children,  among  whom  was 

Neely,  Esq.,  or  a.  he  was  generally  known  "Spectacle  Jimmy,    the  father  of  the 

,f  ,i,j.  .!„,,.!,       t  ol    James  L.   Neely  was  a  farmer  by  occupation,  and  never  held 

scepl  thai  in  his  early  life  he  was  elected  colonel  of  a  militia  regiment,  which 
nosition  he  held  for  a  number  of  years.  In  1854  lie  was  nominated  by  the  \\  hig  party  as 
fts  candidate  for  the  Legislature,  bul  was  defeated  by  the  Know-nothing  movement.  He 
was  married  December  18,  1839,  to  Sarah  Cassat,  eldest  daughter  pi  Hon.  Jacob  Cassat, 

and  by  her  had  three  daughters  and  tWO  BOns.      He  prospered  as  a  farmer  and  was  able    to 

give  all  his  children  the  advantages  of  a  good  education.     He  was  a  large,  fine-looking 
[dress  and  correct  habits;  was  prominent  in  the  church  and  well  and 
favorably  known  throughout  the  community.  . 

.1  vc'oi;  CASSAT  NEELY,  attornej  al  law,  Gettysburg,  is  a  native  ol  this  county;, 
hom  in  Tyrone  Township  February  3,  1838.     His  father  was  Col.  -lames  L.  Neely,  and  bis 
maternal   grandfather    Hon     Jacoh    Cassat,    [see    above    and    page   851].     Jacob   I 
Neely  was  the  fourth  child,  and  his  early  youth  was  passed  on  a  farm.     At  the  age  of  six 


the  practice  oi  law,  tor  which  profession  ne  lias  gieai  iuvu.  in  iiuumu  "■■■  -"-v  ->  - 
Demo,  rat  He  has  shunned  rather  than  sou-Ill  office;  has  served  six  years  as  district 
attornex  In  1*115  he  was  married  in  Gettysburg,  to  Alice,  youngest  daughter  o  Kev.  8. 
S  Schmucker,  D.  D.,  who  for  many  vcars  was  president  of  Pennsylvania  College,  and 
wh..  was  one  of  it.  founder-.  Dr.  Schmucker  was  the  first,  president  of  the  rheological 
Seminary  al  Gettysburg.  To  our  subject  and  wife  have  been  born  Samuel  s  who  gradu- 
ated at  Pennsylvania  College  in  lss,-,, '.-mil  is  now  a  law  student  under  his  father;  ,1.  I. 
now  in  the  sophomore  class  of  Pennsylvania  College;  Mary  C.  and  Sarah  (  .  The  parents 
are  identified  with  the  Presbyterian  Church. 

JOHN  W  C  O'NEAL,  M.  I).,  was  born  in  Fairfax  County,  Va.,  April  81,  fs  1,  ol 
Irish  and  \merie;m  parentage.  His  classical  and  literary  education  was  obtained  at  Penn- 
sylvania Code-.'  Gettysburg.  Penn..  and  in  theprimarj  schools  connected  therewith.  His 
medical  studies  were  pursued  under  the  private  tutorship  of  Dr.  John  Bwope,  or    laney- 

'.      .  ....  -»  r    i  i.i  *         .    .V!„.,    ..f      H,,.     i.,,„     i.'oil    ,     iiK'ii'lnii'ii        fit 


i  ount}  Medical  Society,  of  which  hewas  president  in  1875;  belongs  to  the  Penn- 
sylvania Medical  Society  and  the  American  Medical  Association  He  has  contributed  to 
the  literature  of  the  profession  a  pamphlet  on  the  cholera  of  1852,  as  it  appeared  in 
Baltimore,  another  on  medical  and  surgical  experience  upon  the  battlefields  01  A.i  ictam 
and  Gettysburg  the  Katalysine  spring  water,  and  a  comparison  of  its  powers  with  the 
waters  of  foreign  springs,  and  other  fugitive  papers  and  report.  He  served  as  conimis- 
public  schools  of  Baltimore  City  during  the  years  1850-51  52,  and  was  vaccine 
physician  of  the  Twentieth  Ward  of  that  city  for  that  period.  He  served  as  delegate  to 
the  Maryland  State  Medical  Society,  from  Pennsylvania,  in  I877andl886;  was  made 
memberof  the   Board  of  Commissioners  of  Public  Chanties  of  the  Commonwealth    of 

Ivania  in  1888,  whichposition  he -till  tills.     He  attended  a-  medical  and  surgical  ad- 
viser the  House  oflndustn  for  Adams  I  tj  from  1883  to  1871  inclusive,  and  resigned 

in  favor  of  his  so,,.  Dr.  Walter  II,.  who  continued  to  till   the  appointment  for  several 
year-  after:   he  was  a  delegate  to  the  National  Medical  Association  in  1884  from  the   Mate 


368  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

of  Pennsylvania,  and  has  held  continued  membership  since.  In  1847  he  married  Ellen, 
daughter  of  Henry  Wirt,  of  Hanover,  York  Co..  Penn.  His  report  of  rectal  alimentation 
and  medication,  to  the  Adams  County  Medieal  Association  in  1878,  brought  him  cards  of 
thanks  from  many  eminent  physicians,  as  William  Goodell.  of  Philadelphia;  Henry  F. 
Campbell  of  Augusta.  Ga.,  and  W.W.  Potter  of  New  York.  He  with  two  others  repre 
sented  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  in  the  Thirteenth  National  Conference  of  Charities  and 
Corrections,  at  St.  Paul.  Minn.,  in  1886,  by  appointment  from  the  Pennsylvania  State 
Board  of  Public  Charities. 

CHARLES  II.  RUFF,  clerk  of  the  commissioners  of  Adams  County.  Gettysburg, 
was  born  in  Hamilton  Township,  Adams  Co.,  Penn.,  September  3,  1842,  a  son  of  John 
and  Elizabeth  (Ehehart)  Huff,  the  former  a  native  of  Germany,  and  the  latter  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, of  German  descent.  John  Ruff  was  the  father  of  ten  children  who  grew  to  man- 
hood and  womanhood,  and  of  whom  Charles  H.  is  the  fifth.  The  father  followed  huck- 
stering for  many  years,  at  which  he  was  successful.  He  gave  his  children  the  advantages 
of  good  school's  and  they  obtained  fair  educations.  Charles  H.  attended  the  common 
schools  of  his  neighborhood  and  the  high  school  at  New  Oxford,  and  early  in  life  learned 
the  plasterer's  trade,  at  which  he  worked  for  four  years.  He  then  went  into  the  huckstering 
business,  which  he  followed  seven  years,  after  which,  and  until  1877.  he  was  employed  as 
a  clerk  in  Gettysburg.  In  1877  he  embarked  in  the  grocery  business,  in  which  he  con- 
tinued until  1884,  when  he  sold  out  to  accept  his  present  position.  In  1871  Mr.  Ruff  was 
married  to  Miss  Emma  Howell,  by  whom  he  had  two  children:  Cora  A.  and  Emma  E. 
Mrs.  Ruff  died  in  1876,  and  in  1879  Mr.  Ruff  married  Miss  Sarah  E.  Gulp,  daughter  of 
Jeremiah  Gulp,  of  German  descent.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ruff  are  members  of  the  Lutheran 
Church.  Mr.  Ruff  is  prominently  identified  with  the  Masonic  fraternity,  of  which  he  is  a 
chapter  member.  He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  of  which  he  is  secretary,  and  of  the 
encampment  and  division.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Order  of  Red  Men,  and  a  member 
of  East  Berlin  Beneficial  Society. 

DR.  JOHN  RUNKEL  (deceased)  was  born  in  Frederick  County,  Md.,  February 
32,  1786,  a  son  of  Rev.  John  William  Runkel.who  was  born  in  the  Palatinate.  Germany,  in 
1749,  and  at  the  age  of  fifteen  years  came  to  America  with  his  father.  Rev.  John  William. 
in  1770,  married  Catherine  Nies.  He  was  of  a  pious  disposition  and  turned  his  atten- 
tion to  the  study  of  theology,  receiving  private  instruction,  and  July  30,  1778,  he  was 
ordained  at  Carlisle,  Penn.,  to  the  ministry  of  the  German  Reformed  Church.  He  be- 
came a  very  active  missionary  for  several  years,  and  subsequently  became  pastor  of  a 
church  at  Frederick,  Md.,  and  did  work  throughout  western  Maryland  and  Virginia.  He 
was  pastor  of  a  church  for  a  period,  at  Germantown.  Penn.,  accepting  the  call  in  1802; 
he  was  also  pastor  of  a  church  in  New  York  City,  the  call  to  which  he  accepted  in  18i>5. 
In  1812  he  returned  to  Germantown,  and  in  July,  1815,  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  church 
at  Gettysburg,  Penn.,  and  Emmittsburg  and  Taneytown,  Md.,  selecting  Emmittsburg  as  a 
place  of  residence.  In  1821  he  removed  to  Gettysburg  and  served  the  church  there  seven 
years,  after  which  he  withdrew  from  active  se'rvice.  His  death  occurred  Novembers, 
1832,  in  his  eighty-fourth  year,  and  was  buried  in  the  graveyard  at  Emmittsburg.  Dr. 
John  Ruukel  for  a  time  studied  theology,  but  abandoned  it  for  the  medical  profession. 
He  read  medicine  and  attended  several  courses  of  lectures  and  received  his  degrees  in 
Maryland.  He  began  the  practice  of  medicine  in  that  State,  and  in  1821  located  with 
his  father's  family  at"  Gettysburg,  where  he  passed  the  remainder  of  his  life.  Being  pos- 
sessed of  means  he  did  not  pursue  his  profession  actively.  He  was  thoroughly  educated 
and  polished  in  manner.  Frank,  sincere  and  honest  in  all  things,  he  was  justly  held  in 
universal  esteem,  and  in  his  death  the  town  r&st  not  only  one  of  its  oldest,  but  one  of  its 
best  citizens.  His  death  occurred  at  Gettysburg  April  19.  1880,  in  the  ninety-fifth  year 
of  his  age.  The  first  wife  of  Dr.  Runkel  was  Elizabeth  Roop,  of  Germantown.  Penn., 
whom  he  married  in  1817,  and  by  whom  he  had  two  children:  one  who  died  when  quite 
young,  and  Anna  M.,  a  maiden  lady,  the  only  surviving  member  of  the  family.  The 
mother  of  Anna  M.  died  in  1856.  a  member  of  the  German  Reformed  Church.  The  Doc- 
tor married  his  second  wife  in  Philadelphia.       Iu  politics  he  was  a  Democrat. 

JUDGE  S.  R.  RUSSELL,  retired  lawyer,  Gettysburg,  is  a  native  of  that  place,  born 
June  21,  1801,  in  the  house  in  which  he  now  resides  and  of  which  he  is  owner.  His  par- 
ents, Alexander  and  Marv  (MePherson)  Russell,  were  of  Irish  descent.  The  former  was 
a  student  in  Princeton  College  on  the  breaking  out  of  the  Revolution,  in  which  he  enlisted 
and  participated  in  a  number  of  battles,  and  was  promoted  to  the  post  of  captain. 
He  served  for  many  years  as  a  magistrate,  having  been  appointed  by  the  king  for  life  or 
during  good  behavior.  After  the  office  was  made  an  elective  one,  the  captain  persisted  in 
holding  it.  which  he  succeeded  in  doing  for  thirty  years.  He  reared  nine  children,  two  of 
whom  are  now  living— our  subject  and  Mrs.  Maria  Wilson,  widow  of  Robert  Wilson,  a 
soldier  in  the  war  of  1812,  whose  death  occurred  in  1821.  Mrs.  Wilson  was  born  February 
28,  1797.  and  is  now  among  the  few  surviving  pensioners  of  that  war.  Lewis,  the  third 
son,  was  born  July  30.  1803,  and  for  many  years  was  a  banker  in  Lewistown,  Penn.  Our 
subject,  the  second  son.  was  reared  in  Gettysburg,  and  read  law  at  Bedford,  under  the  in- 
struction of  his  elder  brother,  James  W.  (who  was  subsequently  a  member  of  Congress 


^ 


BOROUGH   OF  GETTYSBUBG.  :>"  t 

bom  that  district),  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1888.    Hewasengaged     ip 
Gettysburg  until   1851,  when  he  was  appointed  judge,  a  position  ueneld  for  flvi 
rudec  Russell   though  retired  from  active  business,  serves  as  president  o1   the  Gettj  sburg 
Fire  Insurance  Companj      He  is  identified  with  the  Presbj  terian  Chun  b 

I  1  WVKl'.Nc  K  SCHICK,  merchant,  Gettysburg,  was  born  in  Lancaster,  Penu 
Decembi  r  35  1832,  son  of  3  1.  and  Susan  (Holtzworth)  Schick,  the  former  a  brewer  by  oc 
cupation  and  a  native  of  Rhenish  Bavaria,  a  province,  on  the  Rhine,  oi  German] .  and  the 
latter  of  York  County  Penn.,  and  both  of  German  descent,  J.  Lawrence  is  the  second  ol 
ftve  jona  His  parents  moved  to  Gettysburg  in  L826,  where  his  father  died  in  1838.  Out 
subject  received  only  a  limited  common  school  education,  and  at  the  early  age  ol  twelve 
yearswasput  to  the  tailor's  trade,  at  which  he  served  a  regular  apprenticeship.  Subse- 
quently  and  when   yet  a  young  man.  he  embarked  in  the  notion  business,  and  thai  small 

.,,,»  a  into  his  present  extensive  Btore.  December  35,  1844,  Mr  Sen 
married  to  Mary,  daughter  of  Conrad  Heretcr,  of  German  extraction  and  to  this  union 
have  been  born  two  children,  Rudolph  M.,  a  prominent  attorney  ol  Philadelphia,  and 
Henn  II  chief  clerk  in  his  father's  store.  -Mrs.  Schick  died  in  1851,  and  in  1853  Mr  Si  hick 
was  married  to  Sarah  J.  Welty,  of  German  descent.  The  grandfather  oi  the  latter  was  a 
i  the  Revolutionary  war.  To  this  lasl  marriage  have  been  born  the  following 
nam!  d  i  hildren:  Mary  F...  Charles  W.fwho  resides  at  Dixon,  111.,  ni^.j.-d  ,,,  the  insurance 
business)  Eva  S  (wife  of  Rev.  Charles  8.  Trump,  a  Lutheran  minister),  Anna  K.  (de 
John  1.  (a  machinist),  and  David  W.  (a  student).  Before  the  late  war,  Mr. 
Schick  was  a  Democrat  in  politics,  hut  since  that  time  he  has  been  identified  with  the  Ke 
publican  parti  In  1855-56  he  served  as  treasurer  of  Adams  County.  Mr.  Schick  ha  bo 
a  member  of  the  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association  from  the  tunc  ol  its  organ 
ization.  and  since  the  year  1879,  has  been  treasurer  of  the  association, 

REV  SAMUELS  SCHMUCKER,  D.  D.  (deceased),  the  hist  president  ol  the  Evan 
Helical  Lutheran  Theological  Seminary,  at  Gettysburg,  was  for  many  years  one  oi  the 
foremost  men  of  his  state.  He  was  the  son  of  Rev.  Dr.  J.  G.  Bchmucker,  an  eminent 
Lutheran  divine,  and  was  horn  at  Hagerstown,  Md.,  February  28,  1799,  and  died  at  Gettys- 
burg July  35  1878.  He  graduated  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  m  1*1 1,  and  at 
Princeton  Theological  Seminary  in  1830.  Endowed  with  rare  natural  ability  and  educated 
in  the  best  schools  ofhisday.he  soon  attracted  public  attention,  and  rapidlyrose  to  a 
leading  position  in  the  Lutheran  Church.  His  first  pastoral  charge  was  at  Newmarket, 
Shenandoah  Co  .  Ya.  and  such  was  Ins  reputation  for  ability  and  scholarship  that  in  a 
few  years  he  gathered  about  him  in  that  remote  locality  quite  a  class  (.t  theological  stu 
dent's  When  the  General  Synod  of  the  Lutheran  Church  established,  in  1836,  at  Gettys 
bur^  its  first  theological  seminary,  Dr.  Schmucker  was  by  common  consent  regarded  as 
i  suitable  person  to  be  placed  at  its  head,  and  was  at  once  called  to  its  presidency 
Thw  position  he  filled  with  distinguished  honor  for  nearly  forty  years,  during  the  greatei 
part  Of  which  time  lie  was  regarded  as  the  leading  man  in  the  Lutheran  (hutch  in  the 
United  States.  His  finished  scholarship  and  evangelical  piety  made  a  dee),  impression 
ie  many  students  who  studied  under  him,  and  were  ol  lasting  henetit  to  bis .de- 
ion.  Be  look  an  active  part  in  the  management  of  the  interests  of  his  denomina- 
tion at  large  He  w  as  a  great  organizer,  and  evidence  of  his  handiwork  is  found  in  most 
of  the  institutions  and  enterprises  set  on  foot  by  the  Lutheran  Church  during  the  active 
period  of  his  lifetime.  His  own  denomination,  dear  as  it  was  to  him,  did  not  monopolize 
his  labors  Every  great  moral  and  religious  movement  of  lus  day  found  in  him  an  able 
coadjutor  The  cause  of  Christian  union,  the  Bible  and  tract  societies,  the  Christian  Bab- 
ancipation  and  African  colonization,  all  profited  by  the  labors  of  his  brain  and 

pen       He  was  espcciallv  devoted  to  the  subject  of  Christian  union,  publishing  several  val- 
uable  works   in    advocacy   of  the   cause,  and    was    repeatedly   a    delegate   to  the  World  s 
lical  Alliance,  attending  its  meetings  both  in  Europe  and  America.     In  addition  to 
his  works  on  Christian   union,  he   was  a  prolific  author  ill    the  fields    of  theology,  church 

history  and  mental  philosophy,  some  of  his  works  passing  through  many  editions.     His 

publications  number  re  than  lorlv  in  all.  the  most  important  Ol  winch  are  his     formula 

of  Government  and  Discipline  for  Churches  and  Synods,"  published  in  laid;  '  J  opmai 
Theohcv  "  iii  is;$4;  "Mental  Philosophv."  in  1843;  "  History  of  the  Lutheran  Church  in 
America,"  in  1851;  and  "Lutheran  .Manual."  in  1855.  Pennsylvania  College  owes  its  ex- 
istence in  a  large  measure  to  the  persistent  and  sagacious  efforts  put  Eorth  in  its  bchalt  DJ 
Iii  Schmucker.  He  was  largely  instrumental  in  procuring  lor  it  a  charter  from  the  state 
Legislature,  and  an  annual  appropriation  for  some  years  from  the  state  iunds.  tie  re 
garded  the  college  as  a  valuable  feeder  to  the  Theological  Seminary,  and  for  that 
as  well  as  in  cause  of  his  interest  in  the  cause  of  education  in  general,  he  always  sougnt 
to  promote  the  welfare  of  the  college,  and  to  thelasl  remained  one  of  its  warmest,  ana 
most  efficient  friends.  Dr.  Schmucker  was  a  man  of  genial  and  kindly  disposition,  and 
readily  made  friends.  As  a  citizen  he  took  a  warm  interest  in  the  affairs  of  his  town 
and  its  vicinity,  lending  the  aid  of  his  counsel  and  his  purse  to  all  laudable  local  enter 
prises  In  1865  he  retired  from  the  presidency  of  the  theological  seminary,  of  which  he 
was  Hon  made  professor  emeritus,  and  devoted  the  remainder  of  his  life  to  literary  labors 
and  recreations. 


372  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

JACOB  SHEADS,  dealer  in  lumber,  coal  and  wood,  Gettysburg,  is  a  native  of  Adams 
County,  Penn.,  born  at  Gettysburg  May  12,  1821,  sou  of  Peter  and  Salone  (Troxwel) 
Sheads,  tbe  former  a  native  of  Adams  County,  the  latter  of  Maryland,  aud  both  of  Ger- 
man descent.  The  father  was  a  mason  by  trade,  an  occupation  he  followed  for  many 
years  in  Gettysburg.  His  death  occurred  iD  1848.  He  was  the  father  of  eleven  children, 
the  eldest  of  whom  was  limn  in  this  county  in  1808.  Jacob  Sheads.  the  ninth  child,  was 
reared  in  Gettysburg,  where,  early  iu  life,  he  learned  the  tailor's  trade,  ami  subsequently 
was  for  a  time  engaged  in  that  business,  in  connection  with  W.  T.  King,  the  present  pop- 
ular merchant  tailor  of  Gettysburg.  In  1866  Mr.  Sheads  established  his  present  business, 
iii.l  has  since  conducted  the  same,  meeting  with  moderate  success.  In  1854  he  was  mar- 
ried to  Miss  Agnes  Flora  Gehr,  daughter  of  Henry  Gehr,  and  of  Euglish  and  German  ex- 
traction To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Sheads  have  been  born  the  following  children  that  are  now 
living:  Ida  (wife  of  Rev.  C.  T.  Durboraw,  of  Kansas),  David  E.  and  Anna  M.  The 
parents  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  in  which  Mr.  Sheads  is  a  trustee. 
■  l,  i  \  ril  one  term  of  two  years  1 1866  and  1867)  as  treasurer  of  Adams  County.  In  poli- 
tics he  is  a  Prohibitionist,  but  is  not  an  active  politician.  The  ancestors  ot  Mr.  Sheads 
were  representatives  of  the  first-class  of  pioneers  of  this  section  of  the  State.  His  pater- 
nal grandfather,  John  Melcboir  Sheads.  a  native  of  Germany,  became  a  pioneer  of  this 
county,  and  bis  maternal  grandfather.  John  Troxwel,  assisted  in  laying  out  the  town  of 
Gettysburg,  Ins  name  being  recorded  on  the  first  plat  of  the  village.     He  is  au  extensive 

(.'little  (ICElltT. 

AARON  SHEELY,  Gettysburg,  was  born  in  Mountjoy  Township.  Adams  County. 
Penn.,  November  8,1836.  He  received  his  education  in  the  public  schools  and  in  Penn- 
sylvania College,  and  taught  in  the  public  schools  of  the  county  eight  full  terms.  In 
May  1863,  he  was  elected' to  the  office  of  county  superintendent  of  schools,  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  same  office  in  1866.  In  1873  he  was  again  elected  to  the  county  superin- 
teudency,  which  position  he  has  filled  continuously  since.  To  meet  a  pressing  local  want 
Mr.  Sheely,  in  1SCT,  established  at  Gettysburg  a  select  school  for  the  education  and  train- 
ing of  teachers,  which  has  been  liberally  patronized,  and  which  is  still  in  operation.  He 
is  the  author  of  "Anecdotes  and  Humors  of  School  Life."  a .  13mo.  volume  published  by 
Claxton,  Remsen  &  Haffelfinger,  of  Philadelphia,  in  1877.  and  contributed  the  histonal 
sketch  of  Adams  County,  in  Egle's  History  of  Pennsylvania,  published  al  Harrisburg 
in  1876.  He  has  also  written  numerous  articles  on  various  subjects  contributed  to  leading 
newpapers  and  magazines.  In  June.  1878,  the  honorary  degree  of  A.  M.  was  conferred 
upon  him  by  the  trustees  of  Pennsylvania  College. 

HENRY  J.  STAHLE,  editor.  Gettysburg,  is  a  native  of  York  County.  Penn..  born  at 
York  in  1833.  His  parents,  John  and  Sarah  (Small)  Stable  (the  latter  a  daughter  of  Mai. 
Jacob  Small)  were  of  German  origin.  John  Stable  served  two  terms  as  register  of  \  ork 
County,  and  for  many  years  as  a  justice  of  the  peace.  Our  subject  is  the  fourth  of  twelve 
children.  He  grew  to  manhood  at  York,  where  he  attended  the  common  schools  and  tbe 
York  County  Academy.  He  learned  the  printer's  trade  in  the  office  of  the  York  Gazette, 
serving  three  years.  He  then  served  a  year  and  a  half  as  foreman  of  the  office,  and  in 
1845.  at  the  age  of  twenty-one  years,  be  bought  the  Gettysburg  Compiler,  and  has  since 
published  that  paper,  a  period  of  forty-one  years,  aBring  which  time  he  has  successfully 
conducted  the  paper  and  managed  the  business  of  the  office.  In  politics  Mr.  Stable  is  a 
Democrat  and  carries  weight  in  his  party,  but  has  always  declined  public  office.  He  has 
been  twice  presidential  elector,  and  was  a  delegate  to  the  convention  that  nominated  Gen. 
George  B.  McClellan  for  president.  He  was  one  of  the  organizers  of.  and  took  an  active 
interest  in  getting  the  railroads  to  Gettysburg,  and  has  taken  an  active  interest  in  every- 
thing that  pertains  to  the  advancement  of  Gettysburg  and  of  Adams  County  for  upward 
of  forty-one  years,  and  is  now  iu  the  boards  of  the  Water  and  Gas  Companies.  Evergreen 
Cemetery  Association  and  the  Adams  County  Agricultural  Association.  In  1846  Mr 
Stable  married  Louisa  B..  daughter  of  Ezra  Doll,  of  Frederick  City.  Md.  Tbe  children  of 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stahle  arc  Thomas,  who  is  engaged  on  the  paper  with  Ids  tat  her:  Mary  E. 
Harry  M  ;  Anna  D.  (wife  of  Thomas  C.  Linn,  an  attorney  in  North  Carolina):  kittle  H. 
and  Charles  E.,  a  student  in  Pennsylvania  College.  Mrs.  Stahle  died  in  1S79.  Tbe  family 
are  all  members  of  tbe  Reformed  Church. 

CICERO  W.  STONER,  clerk  of  the  courts  of  Adams  County.  Gettysburg,  was  born 
in  East  Berlin.  Hamilton  Township,  Adams  Co..  Penn..  October  30,  184li.  a  son  of  A.  K.  and 
Catherine  15.  (Woods)  Stoner,  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  and  of  English  and  German  origin. 
A  K.  Stoner.  a  manufacturer  and  dealer  in  stoves  and  tinware,  was  tbe  father  of  eleven 
children  five  of  whom  are  still  living.  Of  the  children  living.  C.  W.,  clerk  of  the  court 
of  Adams  County,  is  the  eldest;  the  others  being,  respectively,  Newton  W.,  proprietor  of 
the  "Howard  House."  York  Springs.  Penn.;  Dr.  George  W.,  chief  of  the  Purveying  and 
Quarantine  Division,  Marine  Hospital  Service.  Washington.  D.  C:  Ida  J.,  wife  of  Capt. 
L  Y  Diller,  of  East  Berlin.  Penn. ;  and  Dr.  James  B..  of  Philadelphia.  Penn.  Oursubject 
grew  to  manhood  in  the  borough  of  East  Berlin:  attended  the  schools  at  that  place,  and, 
later,  the  Normal  and  Classical  Institute  at  York.  Penn..  and  at  tbe  age  of  seventeen  years 
commenced  teaching  school,  a  vocation  he  had  a  taste  for  and  decided  to  follow.     He 


BOROUGH  OF  GETTYSBURG.  373 

,.,,,.,..,  I  irsin  Adams,  Cumberland,  and  York  Counties,  Penn    and  in  the  State 

oflllinois  meeting  with  success. whicli  occupation,  with  that  of  clerking,  he  pursued  until 

1883      He  was  ele'  ted  auditoi  and  assistant  assessor  in  hi-  ualive  borough  for  several  buc 

■essive  terms  and  was  secretary  of  the  town  council,  and  financial  Becretan  o1  (  amp  ;.  I, 

P  ,,  s  of  A.  when  in  1884  he  was  elected  clerk  ol   tho  courts  of  Adams  County,  which 

office  he  stiU  holds.     In  1874  Mr.  Stoner  was  married  to  M.  Louisa  Spangler,  n    Easl   Ber 

,n    .,','u,  wochildren.  In,  E,  and  Harvey  M.,were  born      to  lin  1877 

and  Mr  Stoner  was  married,  in  1880,  to  Miss  SaflyP    Frey,  a  Frey  ol 

Gettysburg.     She  died  in  1882,  leaving  a  son,  Norman  E  ,  who  died  when  bis  months  old. 

ner  and  his  two  son      i  ent  residing  in  Gettysburg. 

REV  JOE!    SWARTZ   D    D..  Gettysburg,  son  of  Philip  and  Regma  (Funkkauser), 

rn'in  Virginia,  August  18,  1827.    His  ancestors  on  both  sides  were  among  the  early 

settlers  of  Virginia.     His  fatherwas  the  father  oi  three  aonsand  three  daughters, 

h       reached  aduli  age     Oui  Bubjecl  was  reared  on  a  farm;  attended  th, 

....  ,         i         ...  .         ,    ..;..-! ,   .....    ,,,..,,.,,...,1    tor    ,.,,,..-,.    in    Moiion"";,   1:1 


five  ol    WIIOUl    1  eat  in-ii  in  in  i  i    .!_■  ■       ■  ...i    ......jv. --  . 

of  his  neighborhood;  aboul  d  for  college  in  Monongalia 

A,,,(irli  Silas  Billings,  and  m  1851  entered  upon  a  regular  classical  pourMat 

University,  Colun 
delivering  the  vale 
the  Lutheran  Church,  an 

.:  :'l  KgSoWwhOse  .ioaniVonfi-n-^^ipon  hiin  tir  i,,,:  of  b.  6.  in  U& 
..    ,  ,  and  influential  charges  m  Carlisle,  Wilhamsport,  Philadelphia 

...       .  .    '  i    -  ...  i  ..;    ...;.-..  ,...., ion  .,,.i  iv,.u- i.nn-Mii-oi  in  local  missionary  work 


\i-adi-mv    u in  it  Kev.  Mia-  I » 1 1 1 1 1 1 ii ~.  ami  mi  looj  cu«  >™  .<i»...  ■  .    ■-  &"'"'  ■  -.-■  ■  " :     -■ 

CaDital  University  Columbus,  Ohio,  from  which  he  graduated  in  18o4  with  honor    .,,  his 

livering  the  valedictory.    The  following  year  he  was  ordained 
ine  Lutheran  Church,  and  from  that  time  until  1871  he  was  actively  engaged  m  minis- 
terial work  or  in  tea,  Uing.     In  1865  he  became  a  professor  in  the  Lutheran  rheqlogical 

'.  "a.     "     "\    -  ...     .    .,-    ,  ,     ,:,.: I.,,,..  l,o.,,..l  r.onl',.,-,-,.,1  noon  liim  111,'  111-  of  D     1>     1"    1868. 


Hi-  has  been  pastor  ol  large  aim  inum-im;.,  niinu.-.  .u  ,  ... ..-., .  ...........  ■  , ,  .  ,  — 

and  Harrisburg.  where  he  and  his  wife  were  also  actively  engaged  in .local missionary  work 
Hess  children,  and  succeeded  in  founding  several  flourishing  "  homes.  In  854 
Mr  Swartz  was  married,  at  Columbus,  Ohio,  to  Miss  Amelia  Rosecrans.  oi  the  same  place 
Eousin  to  tl„-  General),  of  Dutch  extraction.  To  them  have  been  born  Ae  following 
lal  ;  i  children:  Sarah  R.,  wife  of  11.  O.  Hildebrand  o  Camden,  N.J.;  W.R,  now  a 
missionary  in  Guntoor,  [ndia;  Charles  K..  student  at  Johns  Hopkins  I  oiversity,  Balti 
lY;  Frank  and  George.  Dr.  Swartz  has  delivered  many  lectures,  among  which 
are  thefol  owing:  "Luther  and  Cromwell,"  "Milton  and  Napoleon,"  "  He  who  Can  No, 
Paint  Mus    Grfnd  th,  No  Man  Owns  Deeper  Than  he  Plows,       Echoes  or 

How  we  Make  the  World  we  Live  [n,"  "Aims  and  Aids  in  Life.       As  a  lecturer  Hon 
Georire  Sharswood,  presiding  judge  of  the  supreme  court  o   Pennsylvania,  says.      It  gives 
,  pi,,,.,,,-,-  i,1,  rspi-rs.  the  ..pinion  which  I  very  decidedly  entertain  oi  the  superior 
tfons  of  the   Rev.  Joel  Swartz,  D.  D.,  as  a  public  lecturer.     I  have  attended  on 
nis  ministry  in  Harrisburg  very  frequently,  and  can  say  that  in  my  judgment  very  few 
mln  equal  him  as  a  pulpTl  orator.     His  language  is  chaste,  his  elocution  without  fault, 
Lndhisstvle  and  delivery  very  attractive,    fhave  no  doubt  of  his  ability  to  handle  a„> 
subject  which  he  undertakes  in  such  a  manner  as  to  make  it  interestingto  a  general  audi 
i   have   no   hesitation   in  warmly  recommending  him."    The    Tori    Record  thus 
.,  Dr  Swartz:  "It  was  one  of  the  finest  and  most  entertaining  lectures  ol  the  sea 
son'     Dr  Swart/,  was  poetical,  humorous,  sharp,  terse,  vigorous  and  yel  emin,  ,„!-,  prac 
His  imagery  is  very  beautiful,  he  hasa  perfect  flow  of  language.      Dr.  S.  Sprecher, 
D  D    LL   D-,  preside  "ol   Witteiiix-ni  College.  Ohio,  thus  refers  to  the  Doctor:     tre- 
eardProf.  Swartz  as  one  of  the  best  lecturers  in  the  country.     In  refinement  of  sentiment, 
eloquence  of  language  and  beauty  of  elocution,  he  is  surpassed  bj  few.     He  has  been 
.  ceiful  w  Lrfver  he  has  lectured  in  this  State."     Dr.  Swartz    «;«,nm  tton  con- 
siderable poetry,  and  his  new  volume  of  poems,  "  Dreamings  ol  the  Waking  Heart,    has 
bee„  referred  to  by  Dr.  Sprecher  in  this  wis,-:  ■<  The  sweet  gentle,  loving  spirit  o     he 

author  pervades  the  entire  I       The  one  has  the  true  poetical  temperament  the  other  a 

true  vein  of  genuine  poetry;  and,  though  there  is  not  any  remarkable  strength  or  sublim- 
it there  is  a  great  deal  of  beauty  of  thought  and  language  lofty  conceptions  an, 
ful',-xpr,-sio„>.  I  think  the  attentive  reader  will  hardly  fail  to  say  'this  is  poetrj  poet- 
ry in  spirit  and  in  form."  The  author  baa  been  so  much  encouraged  by  the  warm  and 
hearty  words  of  encouragement  thus  far  given  that  he  contemplates  other  and  large] 
work  in  the  same  line  in  the  near  future.  He  has  also  ^ceived  much  applause  for  trans- 
lations  of  Latin  and  German  hymns,  notably  the  "Dies   Ira    and  Luther  s        Festi 

'  ^GEORGE  SWEITZER,  merchant,  Gettysburg, was  born  in  Hopewell  Township,  York 
'.,„    July  i    1821,  a  so,,  ..r  George  and  Catherine  (Heckman)  Sweitzer  natives  oi 
York  Count}  aud  of  German  descent,  the  former  of  whom  in  ear.y  life  was  a  milter,  but  in 
lateryears  followed  farming.    They  reared  nine  childr,  <,,,,-,-  ,s  th,- to,  ,,. 

Oursnbject  grew  up  on  a  farm  in  York  Countj  md  there  received  the  benefits  of  the 
neighborhood  schools.  Being  unable  to  follow  farming  he  early  in  life  embarked  in 
mercantile  trade  in  his  native  township,  carrying  on  a  dry  goods  store  untill860  when 

I,  .I  to  the  same  a  stock  of  groceries.     In  1870,  Mr.  Sweitzer  came  „ "vsburg 

where  he  established  a  general  store,  which  he  has  Bince  successfully  carried  on.  n<-  is  a 
member  of  the  Reformed  Church;  in  polities  a  Demo, 


374  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

SAMUEL  McCURDY  SWOPE,  attorney  at  law.  Gettysburg,  Penn.,  was  born  in  that 
place  October  4,  1851,  being  a  son  of  John  A.  and  Nancy  (McCurdy)  Swope,  natives  of 
Adams  County.  His  father  was  of  German  and  his  mother  of  Scotch-Irish  descent. 
Adam  Swope,  grandfather  of  Samuel  McCurdy  Swope,  was  among  the  early  settlers  of 
Adams  County  and  by  occupation  a  tanner.  Mr.  Swope's  father,  John  A.  Swope,  resided 
in  the  borough  of  Gettysburg  during  Ins  lifetime,  which  closed  in  1880,  October  25,  at  the 
age  of  sixty-five  years  and  twenty-three  days.  He  was  bitterly  opposed  to  slavery,  and 
was  one  of  the  original  abolitionists  in  that  part  of  the  country.  He  was  a  man  of  natur- 
ally strong  and  bright  mind,  and  was  a  great  general  reader.  By  occupation  he  was  a 
saddle-tree  maker.  Our  subject  was  the  third  of  four  children  and  grew  up  to  manhood 
in  his  native  village.  He  graduated  from  Pennsylvania  College  in  the  class  of  1872.  In 
1874  he  entered  the  office  of  Hon.  David  Wills,  of  Gettysburg,  with  whom  he  read  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Gettysburg  in  1876,  and  two  years  later  to  practice  before 
the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State.  lie  was  twice  elected  district  attorney  for  the  county  of 
Adams  (the  second  time  without  opposition)  though  a  candidate  of  the  minority  party, 
and  as  such  served  six  years,  from  January.  1880.  to  January.  1886.  In  politics  he  is  a  Re- 
publican. In  1876  Mr.  Swope  was  married  to  Anna  Kate  Stair,  a  daughter  of  William 
Stair,  late  of  York,  Penn..  and  to  the  marriage  have  been  born  three  children:  Marrion. 
James  Donald  and  Mary  Stair,  the  latter  two  of  whom  are  now  living.  Mrs.  Swope  is  a 
member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 

W.  II.  TIPTON,' photographer.  Gettysburg,  was  born  in  that  place  August  5.  1850, 
and  is  a  son  of  S.  R.  and  Elizabeth  (Kifzmiller)  Tipton,  both  natives  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  of  German  origin.  S.  R.  Tipton  is  a  resident  of  Gettysburg;  he  early  learned  the 
barber's  trade,  but  for  a  number  of  years  was  engaged  in  the  carriage  business,  canvassing 
principally  in  the  Southern  States.  He  devoted  a  few  years  to  farming  near  Gettysburg. 
Our  subject,  the  eldest  of  eleven  children,  seven  of  whom  are  still  living,  attended  the 
common  schools  of  his  native  county  less  than  one  year.  He  quite  early  developed  a  taste 
for  drawing  and  wbiled  away  many  an  hour  in  executing  pictures,  some  of  which,  coming 
to  the  notice  of  Mr.  C.  J.  Tyson,  so  greatly  attracted  his  attention  as  to  result  in  an 
engagement  to  learn  the  art  of  photography  in  1863,  when  our  subject  was  twelve  years 
old,  which  he  did  in  the  gallery  of  Tyson  Bros,  and  continued  with  the  firm  till  1866,  when 
C  J.  Tyson  purchased  the  interest  of  his  brother,  and  Mr.  Tipton  was  employed  by  him 
to  conduct  it,  which  be  did  until  October  8,  1866,  when  Mr.  Myers  was  associated  with 
him,  and  the  business  was  conducted  until  1873.  under  the  firm  name  of  Tipton  &  Myers. 
Mr.  C.  J.  Tyson,  his  former  employer,  purchased  Myers'  interest  in  1873,  and  remained  as 
partner  until  1880.  Since  1880  Mr.  Tipton  has  carried  on  the  business  himself,  is  meet- 
ing with  marked  success,  and  is  doubtless  one  of  the  best  known  photographers  in  the 
country;  his  landscape  work  is  known  in  every  country,  and  golden  opinions  come  in 
from  it  everywhere.  From  1873  to  1882  he  was  a  regular  contributor  to  several  of  the 
leading  photographic  journals,  and  in  some  of  the  more  recent  publications  on  the  art  is 
quoted  as  eminent  authority.  Prom  1875  to  1886  he  was.  in  connection  with  his  other 
interests,  agent  for  the  New  England  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Company  of  Boston.  Mass  . 
but  was  compelled  to  give  up  the  agencv  on  account  of  his  rapidly  increasing  business.  In 
1871  he  was  married  to  Mary  E.,  daughter  of  Eli  and  Esther  (Brown)  Little.  Mary  E.  was  a 
native  of  Franklin  County  and  of  German  descent.  This  union  has  been  blessed  with 
four  children:  Beulah  M.,'C.  Tyson.  Bessie  V.  and  Esther.  The  parents  are  membersof 
the  German  Reformed  Church.  Mr.  Tipton  is  Senior  Warden  of  the  Masonic  Lodge,  No. 
336.  He  is  also  a  past  chief  patriarch  in  Union  Encampment,  I.  O.  O.  F.  as  well  as  Past 
Grand  of  the  subordinate  lodge  of  Odd  Fellows,  and  a  Past  Sachem  in  the  Improved  Order 
of  Red  Men.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Gettysburg  Battle-field  Memorial  Association,  and  is 
serving  his  third  term  as  chief  burgess  of  Gettysburg.  Mr.  Tipton  has  three  places  of  busi- 
ness in  successful  operation.  The  main  gallery  and  office  is  located  on  Chambersburg 
Street,  branch  gallery  and  printing  department  at  old  stand  on  York  Street,  and  a  battle- 
field bazaar  gallery  at  Round  Top  Park.  During  his  official  career  he  has  inaugurated 
some  much  needed  reforms;  be  prepared  and  the  council  adopted  a  series  of  effective 
ordinances  for  the  sanitary  improvement  of  the  town;  he  established  a  health  committee 
in  conformity  to  the  ordinances  referred  to;  remodelled,  and  had  adopted  by  the  council, 
all  licence  ordinances,  which  are  now  on  a  solid  footing;  he  remodelled  the  form  of  the 
license  blanks,  making  the  license  fees  payable  to  the  borough  treasurer,  who  is  under 
bonds,  and  not  to  the  burgess  as  heretofore.  He  is  now  active  in  having  the  streets  and 
sidewalks  improved,  and  having  the  town  put  in  a  more  cleanly  condition.  _  The  writer 
became  personally  well  acquainted  with  the  subject  of  this  sketch  and  has  tried  to  write 
in  no  spirit  of  eulogy,  but  with  the  sole  object  of  historical  fidelity.  The  strong  hold  Mr. 
Tipton  has  on  the  affections  of  his  constituents  is  better  accounted  for  by  his  attractive, 
social  and  moral  qualities.  The  unselfish  and  generous  impulses  of  his  nature  do  not  per- 
mit him  to  serve  any  one  by  halves,  and  yet  his  opponents  never  have  cause  to  com- 
plain that  his  demeanor  toward  them  was  wanting  either  in  justice  or  in  courtesy.  In 
all  the  offices  he  has  held  he  has  conducted  himself  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  the  pub- 
lic, and  with  a  degree  of  popularity  in  each,  which  few  persons  can  command.     In  poli- 


BOROUGH  OF  GETTYSBURG.  375 

tics  he  i-  a  i'h'1"  &nd  unwavering  Republican,  aeither  turning  to  the  right  hand  nor  the 
iefl   .n,,|  has  a  record,  politically  as  well  as  morally,  above  reproach. 

REV    MILTON   VALENTINE,   D.  P..  LL.  D.,  professor  of  didactic  theologj    and 
homilelics  (elected  1884)  and  chairman  of  the  faculty  in  the  Theological  Seminary 
General  Synod  of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church,  al  Gettysburg,  wbb  born  al  I  uion 
town.   Carroll   Co.,    Md     January    I,    1836.     His    parents    were    Jacob  and    Ri 
(Picking)  Valentine,   the  former  a  native  of  Maryland,  and  the  latter  a  native  of  Pi 
vania.    The  family  is  descended  from  George  Valentine,    who  emigrated  from  German} 
:  iv  part  of  i in'  eighteenth  century  and  in  1740  located  on  the  Monocacy  River,  in 
Countj    Md.,  where  he  was  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits  until  his  death, 
currcd  in  L788.    The  land  on  which  he  lived  is  still  in  possession  oi  the  Valentine 
family.    This  Gi  I  "'    who  was  the  great-grandfather  of  our  subject,   was  an 

earnest  Christian  and  a  devout  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church.  Dr.  Valentine  was  next 
oungest  of  a  f amily  of  six  Bons  and  three  daughters.  His  youth  was  passed  on  a 
farm,  and  he  was  prepared  for  college  in  the  academy  at  Taneytown,  Md.  In  1846 
he  entered  the  freshman  class  in  Pennsylvania  College,  and  in  1850  was  graduated  from 
,1,  „  institution  He  then  entered  the  Theological  Seminary  al  Gettysburg,  from  which 
d  1852,  havingserved  as  tutor  in  the  college  while  pursuing  hie  studies. 
ii  he  was  licensed  to  preach,  and  temporarily  supplied  the  pulpit  of  the 
Lutheran  Church,  in  Winchester,  Va.,  in  1852  58.  During  the  winter  of  1858  54,  he  wa9 
encaged  in  missionary  work  in  Allegheny  City,  Penn.,  and  was  pastor  ol  the  Lutheran 
Church  at  Crccnsburu'  IVim.,  1854  55.  Owing  to  athroal  trouble  he  retired  from  act- 
ive ministerial  work  in  1855,  and  from  that  lime  until  1859  was  principal  of  Emmaus  In- 
stitute Middletown,  Penn,  from  L859  to  1866  he  served  as  the  pastor  of  St.  Matthews' 
Church  in  Reading,  Penn.,  and  from  1866  to  l*ns  he  was  professor  of  ecclesiastical  historj 
ami  church  polity  in  the  Theological  Seminary,  at  Gettysburg.  In  1868  lie  was  called  to 
',';,,,  president  j  of  Pennsylvania  College,  ami  continued  in  this  position  for  sixteen  years, 
during  a  portion  of  the  time  (from  1868  to  is;:;)  giving  instruction  also  in  the  seminary. 
Dr  Valentine  is  a  man  of  recognized  ability  ami  possesses  untiring  energy.  .Many  of  his 
sermons  together  with  essays  and  discussions,  have  been  published  in  pamphlel  form, 
He  is  the  author  of  " Natural  Theology,  or  Rational  Theism,"  a  work  published  in  1885, 
by  s   c.  Griggs  &  Co.,  of  Chicago.    This  is  being  introduced  in  many  colleges  as  a  text 

n  ing  indorsed  by  eminent   educators  of  the  country.     Dr.  Valentine  was  married 

ii  t  Is   1855,  to  Mi-  Margarel  G.,  daughter  of  Sterling  Gait,  of  Carroll  County,  Md., 

of  Scotch-Irish  descent.    Thej  have  four  children,  viz.:  sterling  Gall,  Ph.  P..  chemist  at 

Colebroo  Lebanon';   Milton  Henry,  a  student  of  theology  in  the  Theological 

Seminary;  Esther  Amelia  and  Margaret  Grayson. 

JUD'GE  DAVID  WILLS,  attorney  at  law,  Gettysburg,  is  a  native  oi  this  grand  old 
commonwealth,  a  dee. aidant  of  Scotch-Irish  pioneers  of  Pennsylvania,  from  whence 
came  many  of  the  illustrious  names  that  adorn  American  history.  The  story  of  tie 
Irish  in  America,  though  they  came  here  only  in  sparse  numbers,  compared  tool  lor  nation 
nlities,  is  .an-  of  the  most  interesting  and  edifying  of  the  chapters  of  our  nation's  history. 
No  people  have  ever  before  so  strongly  impressed  their  remote  descendant-  with  the  dis- 
tinguished qualities  of  themselves  as  they  have.  Their  vigor  and  Strength  of  character. 
their  fearless  courage,  their  strong  mental  ami  physical  characteristics,  their  unconquera- 
ble endurance  and  tireless  activity  have  been  the  web  and  woof  of  some  of  tin'  mo 

trious  lives  in  American  song  and  Btory.  .Indue  Wills  can  trace  his  family  history  back 
to  1578  to  Carrickfergus,  Ireland.  David  Wills  came  to  America  in  1780  and  settled  on  a 
farm  in  Chester  Count]  .  Penn.  He  reared  three  son-,  of  whom  David  Wills,  Jr.,  was  the 
eldest.    The  latter  removed  to  Cumberland  County,  this  State,  in  1750,  and  sett 

farm  lb'  reared  three  BOnS,  of  whom  .lames  was  the  eldest,  who  also  had  three  sons, 
one  named  .lame-  .lack,  who  was  the  father  of  the  .subject  of  this  sketch.  .lames  .].  was 
born  in  Cumberland  County,  in  1802,  and  his  wife.  Ruth  Wilson,  was  a  native  ol  A, lams 
County.      She  was  the  onlv  daughter  of   (Jcorgc   Wilson,  an    inlbicnlial    farmer   and    mer 

Menallen  Township,  Adams  County,  whose  ancestors  emigrated  from  County 

Ireland,    about   1750.       Our  subject   was    bom   in    Menallen    Town-hip.    Adams 

County,  om   of  two  i  hildren,  David  and  Ruth,  the  latter  of  whom  is  married  to  \\  llliam 

Walhey,  a   fanner,  living   near    Hcmlcr-ville,  this  county.      In    early  life   .lam.'-    .1.    Wills 

was  a  farmer,  whose  intelligent  industry  brought  him  ureal  prosperity,  and  in  the  latter 

years  of  his  life  he  retired  from  the  farm  and  for  the  benefit  of  his   children    took  up    his 

In  is:!.-,  the  heav\  visitation  of  death  came  to  ilii-  little  household 
i„  the  demise  of  Mr-.  Will-,  and  left 'him  with  his  inconsolable  grief  to  travel  alone, 
save  Hie  companionship  of  his  orphaned  -on  and  daughter,  thai  path  that  leads  us  all  t<> 
the  silent  city,  whose  gates  were  opened  to  him  in  the  year  1888.  -lame-  .1.  Wills  was 
long  a  prominent  and  influential  man  in  the  affairs  of  the  county,  widely  known  and  it 
-peeled  for  his  many  excellencies  of  head  and  heart.  In  politic-  he  was  active  and  infill 
ential  in  early  life  a's  a  Whin,  and  then  as  a  Republican.      He  tilled,  with  ability  and  ered 

it,  the  office  of  count]  commissioner,  and  was  for  manj  year-  an  acting  justice  of  the 
peace.     David  was  thirteen  years  old  when  he  left  the  farm  with  his  father's  family.     He 


376  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

was  lone  enough  there  to  lay  the  foundations  of  that  ripe  and  solid  education  that  has  al- 
ways distinguished  the  men  of  excellence  in  our  country.  The  active  boy  here  gather* 
lesson-  that,  apparently,  he  can  find  nowhere  else.  With  his  farm  duties  lte  attended  the 
district  school.  He  was  then  sent  to  Pennsylvania  College,  where  he  graduated  in  1851, 
when  he  at  once  pushed  oul  into  the  wide  world  and  fearlessly  took  up  the  wager  of  bat- 
tle in  the  struggle  <>f  existence.  He  went  to  Cahaba,  Ala.,  and  became  principal  of  the 
academy  at  that  place,  and  at  the  end  of  the  scholastic  year  returned  to  his  native  State 
and  entered  the  office  of  Hon.  Thaddeus  Stevens  as  a  law  student,  at  Lancaster.  He  was 
admitted  to  practice  in  1854,  and  at  once  opened  his  office  in  Gettysburg,  where  he  has 
since  remained.  His  success  in  his  chosen  profession  was  marked  and  brilliant  from  the 
first,  and  of  all  this  his  previous  life  as  a  student,  or  as  principal  of  the  academy,  had  giv- 
en earnest  of  abundantly.  He  entered  the  preparatory  department  of  the  college  in  1845, 
joined  the  Philomathean  Society  and  was  awarded  the  distinguished  honor  of  contest  ora- 
tor. Young  as  he  was,  impressing  the  older  hoys  at  school,  as  he  has  impressed  Ins  fellow- 
men  since,  that  strength  of  intellect  and  force  of  character  are  commanding  qualities.  He 
has  several  times  been  burgess  of  the  borough  of  Gettysburg,  and  also  served  as  president 
of  the  town  council,  and  councilman  and  attorney  for  the  borough  of  Gettysburg  for  ten 
years  11,.  was  elected  countv  superintendent  of  schools  of  Adams  County  in  1854,  be- 
ing the  first  officer  elected  to  that  position  under  the  new  law,  creating  and  defining  that 
office.  Upon  him  there  devolved  the  work  of  organizing  and  systematizing  the  complex 
affairs  of  this  position,  and  the  results  show  that  the  selection  was  a  most  fortunate  one 
for  the  people.  He  is  now,  and  has  been  for  nearly  thirty  years,  a  director  and  the  attorney 
for  the  Gettysburg  National  Bank;  president  of  the  Baltimore  &  Cumberland  Valley  Rail- 
road since  1880,  ami  also  director  and  attorney  of  the  Gettysburg,  Hanover  &  Baltimore 
Railroad  systems.  In  1874  he  was  elevated  to  the  high  and  important  judicial  position 
of  president  judge  of  the  Forty-second  Judicial  District,  and  here,  as  elsewhere,  filled  the 
many  and  difficult  requirements  of  his  exalted  position  ably  and  well.  He  organized  and 
carried  to  completion  the  Gettysburg  National  Cemetery,  organizing  the  association,  in- 
teresting the  governors  of  the  eighteen  States,  whose  soldiers  arc  buried  in  the  cemetery, 
and  awakening  the  splendid  charity  and  patriotism  of  the  people  of  the  whole  country, 
that  has  resulted  not  only  in  these  magnificent  grounds,  monuments,  avenues  and  mem- 
orial stones  of  this  great  national  cemetery,  but  from  Judge  Wills  has  come,  flowing  out 
from  his  work  here,  the  entire  system  of  battle-field  cemeteries  of  the  entire  country:  The 
surviving  soldier-,  especially  the  descendants  of  those  who  repose  in  these  beautiful  cem- 
eteries, should,  as  they  certainly  will,  hold  the  name  of  Judge  Wills  in  ever  grateful  re- 
membrance. And  when  love  and  affection  has  tenderly  laid  his  form  to  rest,  this  splen- 
did cemetery,  its  beautiful  gravelly  walks,  its  trees  and  flowers  and  lawns,  its  many  gleam 
ing  granite  columns,  all  will  be  his  fitting  and  perpetual  monument.  (Sec  page  175,  ei 
seq.)  June  10.  1856,  Judge  Wills  was  married  to  Jennie  S.,  daughter  of  Hon.  D.  M.  Smy- 
ser,  of  Norristown.  She  also  is  of  Scotch-Irish  descent.  To  this  union  seven  children 
have  been  born,  four  of  whom  are  living,  as  follows:  Mary  E.,  wife  of  John  S.  Bridges,  of 
Baltimore;  Annie  M.;  Jennie  W.  and  Emma  R.  The  family  is  attached  to  the  Presbyter- 
ian Church,  of  which  Judge  Wills  has  been  an  elder  for  the  past  fifteen  years,  and  for  the 
last,  ten  years,  Sunday  school  superintendent.  The  Judge  has  been  very  frequently  sent 
as  a  delegate  to  the  Presbytery  of  Carlisle,  and  also  as  commissioner  to  the  General  As- 
sembly of  the  Presbyterian  Church  of  the  United  States.  In  1880  he  was  sent  by  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  of  the  United  States  as  a  delegate  to  the  Al- 
liance of  the 'Reformed  Churches  of  the  World  holding  the  Presbyterian  system,  which 
met  in  the  city  of  Belfast.  Ireland,  in  June.  1884,  and  took  an  active  part  in  that  distin- 
guished body,  doing  good  service  on  some  of  its  important  committees. 

SERGT.  N.  G. WILSON,  superintendent  of  the  Soldiers' National  Cemetery  at  Get- 
tysburg, was  born  in  Adams  County,  October  6.  1832,  a  son  of  Benjamin  and  Susan 
(Wierman)  Wilson.  The  birth  of  Benjamin,  who  was  a  farmer,  occurred  March  7.  1801, 
and  his  death  September  4,  1S34.  Susan,  his  wife,  was  born  June  6,  1808,  and  died  June 
36,  L884.  Benjamin  and  Sarah  Wilson,  the  great-grandparents  of  Sergt.  Wilson,  were 
among  the  early  settlers  of  Adams  County.  Their  marriage  occurred  December  14.  177  b 
and  they  died— Benjamin  August  3,  1813,  and  Sarah  November  12.  1815.  The  grand- 
parents of  our  subject  were  George  and  Sarah  Wilson,  whose  marriage  occurred  May  30, 
1718,  and  their  death  October.  27.  1859,  and  March  30,  1831,  respectively.  Sergt.  ^  ilson 
was  one  of  three  children  born  to  his  parents;  Sarah,  born  July  1,  1831,  N.  G.,  born  Oc- 
tober II.  1832,  and  Benjamin  F..  born  December  9,  1834.  Our  subject  was  brought  up  on  his 
grandfather's  farm,  where  he  remained  until  he  was  sixteen  years  of  age,  when  he  com- 
menced t..  learn  the  blacksmith's  trade,  atwhich  he  worked  for  several  years.  He  learned 
to  run  an  engine  and  for  a  period  conducted  a  stationary  engine  in  Bendersville;  subse- 
quently he  followed  teaming,  which  occupation  he  left  to  enlist  in  Company  G.  One  Hun- 
dred and  Thirty-eighth  Regiment.  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry,  in  which  he  served 
three  year.- as  first* sergeant,  preferring  that  rank  to  a  commission  which  was  tendered 
him.  Sergt.  Wilson  received  a  severe  wound  in  the  right  hand  from  a  rebel  sharpshooter 
at  the  battle  of  Monocacy,  Md.,  July  9,  1864,  which  has  made  him  a  cripple  for  life,  de- 


BOROUGH  OF  GETTYSB1  RG.  :i~' 


er  until  1878  when  he  was  appointed  to  his  present   position  by  the  Secretary  o1 

II, .  i8  a  Republican   in  politics.     He  was  elected  as  one  of  the  directors  of  the 

loml   \    ociationin  1880,  and  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  of  Gettysburg 

!  been  the  corresponding  secretarj  of  Corp.  Skelly  Post,  No  9,  at  Gettysburg    J 

since  1878.     In  1852  he  was  married  to  Williraina  E.  Eyster, 


i,im  almost  entirelj  of  the  use  of  bis  hand,  two  fin  been  Bhol  ofl 

\t  the  close  of  the  war  he  returned  to  his  native  country  and  continued  nis  bus 

teamster  until  1878,  when  he  was  appointed  to  his  present   position  by  the  Secretarj  ol 

War.     II 

Battle-fle 

He  has  i. 

qnartermas..  . 

who  died  March  3   1855,  leaving  one  daughter,  Sarah   R.     February  13, 18i 

was  then  married  to  Eleanora  Walter,  bywl i  he  had  one  child,  Susan.     I  lie  Sei 

iathe    recipient  of  manj  One  presents  and  mementos  from  the  GrandA) 
tioos   astokensol  their  liigh  regard  for  him.     [t  will  not  be  saying  too  much  to  add  thai 
his  courtesy  and  gentlemanly  bearing  have  won  for  him  an  esteem  thai   is  unexcelled 
among  an]  of  the  members  of  the  G.  A.  R.  of  the  United  States  .     ,  ,,. 

lil'\    EDMUND  J   WOLF,  D.  D.,  prof essor  of  Biblical  and  Ecclesiastical  History  and 
New  Testament  Exegesis,  in  the  Theological  Beminaryat  Gettysburg,  electedin  is;:;,  is  h 

native  of  Center  County,  Penn.,  born  near  Rebersburg,  December  8,  1840,  as t  Jacob 

ccupation)  and  Mary  (Gast)  Wolf,  nativesol  Pennsylvania,  andol  German  on 
rin  Our  subject  who  isnexl  tothe  youngesl  of  nine  children  attended  the  district  school 
of  the  neighborhood,  and,  for  a  time,  theacademj  a1  Mifflinburg,  and  subsequently  that  at 
Uronsburs      He  clerked  tor  aperiod,  and  prepared  himsel!    for  college  during  the  two 

years  he  was  engaged  as  a  teacher  in  the  academy  of  Bellefonte,   Penn.,  and  in    81 

tered  the  sophomore  class  in  Pennsylvania  College  and  graduated  in  is<*$.  takiu.se  the 
flrsi  honors  of  his  class.  During  the  invasion  of  the  State  that  year  by  the  Confederate 
troops  he  served  as  a  non  commissioned  officer  in  the  Twenty-sixth  Regiment,  Pennsyl 
vania  Militia.  Subsequently  he  look;,  course  of  theological  study  at  the  Seminary  of 
Gettysburg  then  pursued  bis  studies  in  Germany,  whore  he  attended  the  I  niversities  01 
Tubingen  and  Erlangen.  He  returned  to  the  United  States  in  1865,  and -was  fortwo 
years  engaged  in  ministerial  work  in  Northumberland  County,  Penn.,  and  for  six  years 
hi  the  city  of  Baltimore,     [n  addition  to  the  professorship  above  given.  Dr.  A\oi(   foi 


se  ve 

of  the  Q 


ral  years  taughl  Dogmatic  Theology  in  the  seminary,  and  since  1880  he  is  joint  editor 
.',-  Reoiem  of  the  Lutheran  Church.     The  degree  of  D.  I),  was  conferred  on 


a  daughter  of  Join,  and  Ellen  Kemp,  the  former  of  (iernian  and  the  latter  of  Scotch 
Irish  de-cent  and  to  the  marriage  have  been  born  M.  Roberta,  attending  Wellesley  <  oi 
lege  Edmund  J.,  now  a  sophomore  in  PennsylvaniaCollege;  CharlesS..  Carroll  K.,  Robbin 
B  and'  Ethel  S  Anion-  the  Doctor's  publications  are  "the  christian  church  (translated) 
"Quarterh  Review,  XX.,  418;"  ■'Practical  Expositions  of  the  Scriptures  (translated); 
"Lutheran  Quarterly,  II.  179;"  "The  Retreat  of  Si  ienre  on  the  Antiquity  of  the  Human 
Lted).  "lb.  III.  150;  '•Inaugural  Address,"  lb.  IV.  419;  article  on  Luthe; 
ran  Church  in  America."   in  the  Schaff-HerzogTEncyclopedia;  "The  Churchs   Future; 

-The  Drama  of  Proy  idence  on  the  Eve  of  the  Reformation;"  sermons  tn  the  "  lb letic 

Review  "  and  the  "  Pulpit  Treasury,"  etc.  Dr.  Wolf  is  a  frequent  contributor  to  various 
religious  periodicals,  and  is  a  member  of  the  society  of  Biblical  Literature  and  ExegeBis. 
'.1  GEORGE  WOLF,  grain  dealer,  Gettysburg,  was  bom  in  Adams  County.  Penn.,  April 
1  1831  a  son  of  Isaac  and  Elizabeth  (Horn)  Wolf,  the  latter  a  native  oi  Adams  County, 
and  of  German  descent,  her  father,  J.  G.  Horn,  having  been  a  native  of  Germany.     Isaac 

Wolf  was  born  in  Lancaster  County,  Penn..  of  German  origin,  and  was  a  successful 

John  Wolf  the  father  of  Isaac,  and  a  farmerby  occupation,  died  in  1814.    J.  George  w  on 


over;  Joseph  IV.  a  Lutheran  minister  of  Glen  Rock,  York  County;  B.  M  ,  a  farmer  of 

Adams  County;  Lucilla  Jane    Howard,  a  carpenter  in  York;  Hey.  L  B.,  now  a  missionary 

s.  A.,  a  professor  in  Gaston CoUege,  North  Carolina;  and  David  M.. who  is  with 

his  lather      The   family   is   identified  with    Hie    Lutheran   Church,  in  which  Mr  .  Wol    has 

■  0fthi  "Hire-;  has  been  superintendent  of  the  Sabbath  school.  In  politics  ne  is 
a  Republican  He  has  been  a  justice  of  the  peace,  and  held  several  oi  the  offices  in  tbe 
eountN  where  be  reeled  before  moving  to  Gettysburg.  He  has  served  as  a  member  ol  the 
town  'council  of  Gettysburg.     He  is  a  conscientious  business  man  and  a  highly  esteemed 

citi/en.     Mr-.  Wolf's  death  occurred  in   lHTo,  and  subsequently   Mr.  Unit  was  married  to 
his  present  wife,  "le.se  maiden  name  was  0.  C.  Miley,  a   native   ol    Pennsylvania,  and  ol 

French  origin      sic  is  also  identified  with  the  Lutheran  Church. 

HENRY  riNGLLNG,  proprietor  of  the  "Eagle  House."  Gettysburg,  was  born  in 

Uniontown,  Carroll  Co.,  Md.,   November  24,   1881,  a  Bi t  David  and  Elizabeth  (Hite- 


378  BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES: 

shew)  Yingling.  His  ancestors  were  among  Hie  early  immigrants  to  America.  David 
Tingling,  an  early  settler  of  Maryland,  was  a  builder  and  contractor,  and  of  his  ten  chil- 
dren Henry  is  the  third.  Our  subject  grew  to  manhood  in  his  native  county,  where  he 
received  an  academic  education.  At  the  age  of  nineteen  years  he  entered  a  store  in  Balti- 
more City,  as  a  clerk,  and  as  such  served  eight  years,  a  part  of  which  time  he  was  em- 
ployed at  Hagerstown,  Md.  In  the  year  1835,  at  the  latter  place,  he  embarked  in  the  dry 
goods  business,  which  he  continued  until  1858,  and  from  1858  to  18(53.  was  proprietor  of 
the  Washington  Hotel  in  the  same  city.  In  1866  he  bought  a  farm  of  250  acres  in  Frank- 
lin County,  Penn.,  known  as  the  "Monterey  Summer  Resort,"  which  he  successfully  man- 
aged until  1870.  from  which  time  until  1878  he  successfully  carried  on  a  summer  resort 
hotel.  In  1878  he  came  to  Gettysburg  and  took  charge  of  the  "  Eagle  House."  In  1865, 
Mr.  Yingling  was  married  to  Mrs.  Pitt,  nee  Mary  Adams.  Mrs.  Yingling  had  one  child  by 
her  first  hushand,  Anna  Pitt,  who  is  now  the  wife  of  Edgar  Hoover,  of  Baltimore.  In 
politics  Mr.  Yingling  is  a  Democrat 

W.  T.  ZIEGLER,  liveryman.  Gettysburg,  was  born  in  that  place,  October  3,  18-10.  a 
son  of  Samuel  and  Sarah  (Radford)  Ziegler,  the  former  a  native  of  Gettysburg  and  the 
latter  of  Maryland.  Samuel  Ziegler  was  a  hatter  by  trade  ami  carried  on  the  business  in 
Gettysburg.  His  death  occurred  in  1855.  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  where  he  had  re- 
sided nine  years.  Emanuel  Ziegler,  the  grandfather  of  W.  T.,  was  a  soldier  in  the  Revo- 
lution, enlisting  in  Adams  County.  W.  T.  is  the  fifth  child  of  eight  sons  and  daughters, 
and  received  his  schooling  in  Philadelphia  night-schools.  He  began  learning  the  hatter's 
trade  at  the  early  age  of  ten  years,  and  worked  at  the  same  for  five  years  and  a  half.  He 
then  took  up  coach°paiuting  in  Gettysburg,  and  worked  at  that  occupation  until  the  break- 
ing out  of  the  Rebellion  in  1861,  when  he  enlisted  in  Company  F,  Eighty-seventh  Regiment 
Pennsylvania  Infantry.  Mr.  Ziegler  was  iu  the  following  battles  during  the  late  Rebellion, 
with  the  Third  and  Sixth  Army  Corps:  Newton,  Va.,  Winchester,  Va.,  Stevens'  Station. 
Va..  Locust  Grove,  Mine  Run,  Wilderness,  Spottsylvania,  North  Ann,  Cold  Harbor  and 
Welden  Railroad,  near  Petersburg,  Va.  In  1864  he  was  taken  prisoner  at  the  battle  of 
Weldon  Railroad,  and  confined  in  Audersonville  prison,  and  from  which  "pen"  he  was 
released  with  the  last  Union  soldiers.  On  returning  to  Gettysburg  after  the  war  he  fol- 
lowed coach  painting  for  two  years:  then  engaged  in  the  manufacturing  of  coaches  and 
carriages,  carrying  on  the  business  for  two  years.  In  1870  he  embarked  with  the  well- 
known  battlefield  guide,  W.  D.  Holtzworth,  in  the  livery  business,  which  is  his  present 
occupation,  and  in' which  he  has  met  with  success.  He  is  a  member  of  Post  No.  it,  <;.  A. 
R.,  of  which  he  has  been  post-commander.  He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F..  and  a 
prominent  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity.  In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat.  He  is  at 
this  time  president  of  the  school  board.  In  1867  Mr.  Ziegler  was  married  to  Rebecca, 
daughter  of  Samuel  Harmon,  of  Straban  Township,  and  to  them  were  born  seven  chil- 
dren: Samuel  H,  William  E.,  Mary  A.,  Sarah  L.,  Charles  T.,  John  S.  and  "Frederick.  The 
family  is  identified  with  the  Reformed  Church. 


PHILOMATHSEAN  SOCIETY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA  COLLEGE.  On  the  4th  of 
February,  A.  D.  1831,  more  than  a  year  before  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  granted  a  charter 
to  Pennsylvania  College,  the  Philomathsean  Society  bad  its  organization  in  the  "Gettys- 
burg Gymnasium,"  on  the  corner  of  Washington  and  High  Streets,  Gettysburg,  Penn. 
The  students  of  the  Gymnasium  divided  themselves  into  two  equal  parts,  one  part  to  form 
the  "Phrenakosmian,"  and  the  other  the  "Philomathsean"  Society.  Prof.  M.  Jacobs 
was  made  chairman,  and  a  constitution  was  adopted,  the  title  "  Philomathsean  "  (lovers  of 
learning)  being  given  to  the  society,  the  name  being  significant,  of  the  object  of  the  or- 
ganization. The  names  of  the  founders,  given  in  alphabetical  order,  are  Samuel  Oswald, 
Solomon  Oswald.  John  Oswald,  Christopher  A.  Tabler,  Abraham  B.  Shumau.  Daniel  Mil- 
ler, Samuel  Russel,  John  Ulrich,  Francis  Springer,  George  Schmucker.  William  F.  Wads 
worth,  Peter  Sahu,  William  Mennig,  Solomon  Ritz.  Walter  J.  Sloan  and  AYilliarn  Metzger. 
But  two  of  the  founders  became  graduates  of  the  college— Abraham  B.  Shuman  and  Rev. 
William  A.  Wadsworth;  and  three  are  living,  a  half  century  after  the  organization— Rev. 
William  Mennig,  Rev.  W.  J.  Sloan  and  Rev.  Dr.  Francis  Springer.  The  first  to  pass  the 
initiatory  rites  as  provided  for  in  the  constitution  were  William  W.  McClellan.  of  Balti- 
more, and  Lewis  Routzahn,  of  Frederick,  Md.  The  professors  of  the  several  departments 
and  the  professors  and  students  of  the  theological  seminary,  and  several  prominent  citi- 
zens of  Gettysburg  were  among  the  first  honorary  members  admitted;  thirty-one  were 
elected  at  one  time.  Among  the  names  are  Clay,  Webster,  Jackson,  Chief  Justice  Marshall, 
and  other  dignitaries  of  church  and  State.  Soon  after  the  societies  were  firmly  established 
in  their  literary  work  they  entered  into  an  agreement  in  regard  to  the  election  of  active 
and  honorary  members,  and  "articles  of  confederacy"  were  prepared.  The  regulations  pro- 
hibited either  society  from  admitting  any  member  until  he  had  been  in  the  institution  six 
weeks,  but  afterward,  under  the  charter  of  the  college,  admission  was  allowed  immedi- 


..i.V.. 

7 


£*>~"  ' 


^k  ftzJe 


BERWICK    TOWNSHIP.  381 

ately  after  matrii  illation.    To  prevenl  one  society   from  too  far  outnumbering  the  other, 
the  limii  oi  membership  was  placed  al  two  to  one.     This  was  the  source  of  some  trouble, 
and  on  the  Februan  85   1885,  the  faculty  of  college  interposed,  defining  the  limil  o 
excess  of  membership,  etc    Again,  in  1846,  a  new  set  of  regulations  was  adopted,  in  which 
the  societies  arranged  all  matters  pertaining  to  membership,  public  celebrations,  and  .-ill 

autual  interests.     Only  the  professors  of  the  institution  arc  eligible  to  honorary 
membership  in  both  societies.     In  the  earlj  days  of  the  society  the  place  of  meeti 
kepi  in  order  by  the  members  taken  in  alphabetical  ordei    -  no  al  o  introduced  new  mem 
bers  and  bad  to  attend  to  the  making  of  fire,  lighting  of  lamps,  etc.    This  office  wi 
doned  as  Boon  as  the  society  removed  into  the  presenl  college  building,  ib  a  janitor  was 
then  necessary  for  the  increased  work  in  hall,  library  and  reading  room.     A  mi 
w  a*  ni  first  used  for  a  library,  secretary's  use  lamps,  etc.     The  initiation  fee  was  origin- 
allj   "in  frills,  which  rose  i"  (3.50  ami  then  in  $5,  ai  which  figure  ii  siili  remains.     The 
flrsl  original  declamation  was  in  the  German  language,     On  Pebruarj  IT.  1832,  t lie  first. 
anniversary  celebration  was  held;  speeches  were  made  by  two  of  the  founders.    The  meet- 
e  originally  held  in  the  Gymnasium  building,  ami  invitations  sent  to  persons  of  a 
literary  taste,  afterward,  until  1835,  the  celebrations  were  held  in  the  German  Church, 
then  a  few  years  in  the  Presbyterian,  ami  in  1886  all  public  exercises  of  the  society  were 
held  in  Christ  (College)  Church.     Biennial  addresses  were  delivered,  the  society  alti 
in  tin-  choice.     As  the  hall  for  the  society  in  the  present  college  building  «i^  nol  finished 
until  almost  a  year  after  the  college  was  occupied,  the  society  mel  on  the  second  story.    The 
hull  at  the  east  end  of  the  fourth  story   was  assigned  to  the  Philomath.ean  Society,  and 
was  neatly  carpeted  and  papered,  and  I msts  of  Washington  and  Franklin  adorned  the 
sk.     In  1851  the  hall  was  remodeled,  and  again  in  1808,  the  hitler  time  made 

ry  to  a  certain  extent  by  damn  ire  done  after  the  battle  of  Gettysburg  by  wounded 
i.  Lee's  army,  who  were  lodged  in  the  hall. 
At  first  the  library  was  very  small,  and  all  the  money  that  was  left  after  del 
other  expenses  was  to  be  appropriated  to  the  library.  "Buffou's  Natural  History,"  pur- 
Chased  January  27,  1832,  is  recorded  as  the  first  book  bought.  In  order  to  enlarge  the 
library,  members  gathered  books  during  their  vacations.  In  this  way  several  thousand  \  ol 
cted  and  more  than  $100  annually  expended.  A  permanent  library  fund 
of  $1,000  was  secured  between  l1-"*:;  and  1865,  the  interest  of  which  is  annually  expended 
for  books.  A  portion  of  a  second  $1,000  has  been  raised  for  the  use  of  the  library,  Rev. 
B  8.  IbiiM  acting  as  agenl  for  the  society  for  a  time.  The  original  library  room  -was 
enlarged  in  1*5:1  and  again  in  1880.  At  the  present  time  the  library  contains  almost  7,000 
catalogued  volumes  and  is  handsomely  furnished.  An  addition  to  the  library,  in  1861  a 
Philo  reading-room,  was  established  in  the  first  story  of  the  northeast  corner  of  the  col- 
lege building.  The  room  is  supplied  with  the  prominent  daily  papers,  monthly  maga- 
zines, and  ail  other  valuable  periodicals,  for  the  use  of  members  at  all  times  except  study 
hours.  At  several  times  during  the  history  of  the  society  the  subject  of  obtaining  a 
charter  was  discussed,  and  especially  was  this  the  case  after  the  library  fund  was  secured. 
Legal  advice  was  taken  and  the  faculty  notified,  but  the  society  finally  gave  up  the  idea, 
as  the  charter  of  the  college  would  cover  the  difficulties  under  which  the  society  was 
laboring.  More  than  1,150  students,  about  400  of  them  graduate  members,  have  received 
part  of  their  training  at  this  society,  and,  "one  of  the  closest  bonds  of  Philial  affection  for 

later  is  the  connection  with  the  Philomatha?an  Society."  The  Philomatlneim  So 
ciety  of  the  present  is  in  a  nourishing  condition,  having  about  forty-five  members.  The 
hall  and  library  are  in  excellent  condition,  and,  besides  the  library  fund  of  over  $1,800, 
has  $125  in  the  treasury. 


CHAPTER  XLIX. 
BERWICK  TOWNSHIP  &  BOROUGH  OF  ABBOTTSTOWN. 

DAVID  HOKE,  farmer,  P.  O.  Hanover,  York  County,  was  born  November  13,  1836. 
His  father,  David  Hoke.  Sr.,  was  born  about  1805  in  York  County,  near  Spring  Forge. 
His  boyhood  and  early  manhood  were  spent  in  York  County,  and  there  his  marriage  with 
Barbara  Bechtel  occurred,  shortly  before  leaving  for  Adams  County.  He  came  to  Oxford 
Township  in  1831.  and  located  on  the  Martin  Carl  farm,  upon  which  he  remained  until 
1869,  when  he  removed  to  Hanover.  There  he  led  a  retired  life  for  a  number  of  years, 
and  died  in  1873.  He  was  an  ardent  supporter  of  the  Reformed  Church,  of  winch  he  was 
a  devoted  member.     Mr.  and  Mrs.  David  Hoke,  Sr.,  were  blessed  with  ten  children:  Su- 

20A 


382  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

san  deceased;  Rebecca,  with  whom  the  mother  resides;  Isaac,  deceased;  David,  our  Bub- 
iect;  Samuel  B.,  who  married  Barbara  Hershey;  George,  deceased;  Abraham,  married  to 
Josie  King;  Barbara,  deceased;  Michael,  deceased,  and  Solomon,  who  married  MUly 
Kin"  All  of  the  children  were  born  on  the  Martin  Carl  farm,  and  received  their  nine, 
tion  in  the  schools  near  by.  David,  our  subject,  engaged  in  the  business  of  lime  burning 
for  himself  when  twenty-one  years  of  age;  two  years  later  In-  discontinued  this  and 
attended  the  Normal  School  ai  Millersville,  Lancaster  Co.,  Penn.  After  his  education 
was  complete  he  returned  to  the  Martin  Carl  farm,  where  he  remained  until  1*63.  when  he 
married  Louisa,  daughter  of  Michael  and  Mary  A.  (Barnitz)  Carl.  Their  married  life 
was  begun  in  the  mansion  now  owned  by  H.  J.  Myers,  in  New  Oxford,  which  was  then  the 
property  of  Mr.  Hoke.  Two  children  were  bom  to  them:  Helen  Mary  and  Carl  M.  Mr. 
Hoke  was  two  years  in  the  commission  business  at  New  Oxford,  but  after  the  death  of 
his  wife  in  186^  he  returned  to  the  Adam  Carl  farm,  his  deceased  wife's  birthplace  and 
former  home,  adjoining  the  Martin  Carl  farm,  and  has  engaged  in  farming  the  splendid 
tract  up  to  date.  In  1873  Mr.  Hoke's  second  marriage  occurred  with  Annie  E.  Siagle,  bj 
whom  he  became  the  father  of  four  children:  Hattie  S.,  Horace  Z.,  Hermie  G.  and  Robert 
Blaine.  The  fine  farm  on  which  Mr.  Hoke  resides  ha-,  under  his  sueeessful  man;; 
become  one  of  the  nicest  in  its  appointments  ami  most  commodious  in  Adams  County. 
The  buildings  are  modern.  The  surroundings  present  an  air  of  solidity  surpassed  by 
none  in  the  county.  Mr.  Hoke  is  a  Prohibitionist,  and  has  been  a  member  of  thi 
board  several  terms;  he  has  also  held  other  official  positions  in  the  township.  His  daugh- 
ter Helen  Mary,  was  married  in  June,  1885,  to  Rev.  Henry  H.  Sangroe,  of  Fairfield  this 
county,  pastor  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  that  village.  Our  subject's  son,  Carl  M.,  is 
now  pursuing  his  studies  at  Mercersburg  College.  Franklin  County.  Penn. 


CHAPTER  L. 
BUTLER  TOWNSHIP. 

WILLIAM  BREAM,  farmer,  P.  O.  Bigler.  is  a  son  of  Jacob  and  Catherine  (Fleager) 
Bream,  the  former  a  native  of  this  county,  the  latter  of  York  County,  Penn  Jacob  was 
a  son  of  Henry  Bream,  who  was  a  native  of  Germany  and  immigrated  to  America  with 
his  family  many  years  ago,  settling  in  what  is  now  Tyrone  Township,  this  county,  where 
the  family  made  a  permanent  home.  The  elder  Bream  was  a  member  of  the  Lutheran 
Church  and  had  three  sons  and  six  daughter-.  Jacob  Bream  was  born  in  Tyrone  Township 
in  which  his  life  was  passed.  He  was  a  well-to-do  Armor  and  highly  respected  He  and 
his  estimable  wife  were  exemplary  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church  and  had  a  family  ot 
ten  children:  Susan,  Joseph.  Margaret,  Jacob,  Daniel.  Catherine.  John.  Samuel,  Matilda 
and  William.  Mr.  Bream  died  in  1835;  Mrs.  Bream  died  subsequently.  Vt  illiam  Bream 
our  subject,  was  reared  to  farm  pursuit-,  and  at  the  age  of  eighteen  year-  commenced 
life  on  his  own  account,  first  as  a  laborer  by  the  day  and  month.  In  1840  he  married 
Harriet  Myers,  and  purchased  and  seitled  upon  land  where  he  ha- since  resided  His  tarni 
comprises "160  acres  of  highly  improved  land,  and  in  addition  he  also  owns  a  village  prop- 
erty in  Middletown.  the  whole  of  which  has  been  made  by  his  own  efforts.  He  has  held 
various  local  offices,  viz.:  Assessor,  school  director,  etc.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs  Bream  have 
been  born  twelve  children:  Catherine.  Matilda  (who  died  November  29  1*62.  aged  eight- 
een years  four  months  and  twenty-seven  days),  Samuel.  William  E..  Mary, Susanna  M.., 
Alice  John,  Hannah,  Anna.  Ida  and  Henry,  the  last  two  of  whom  died  in  infancy. 
Mr  Bream  and  wife  and  family  are  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church,  and  active  workers 
in  the  same.     He  is  a  strong  adherent  of  the  principles  of  Republicanism. 

ISRAEL  GARIIETSON.  farmer  and  breeder  of  tine  stock.  P.  O.  Bigler,  was  bom  in 
York  County  Penn.,  in  1830.  where  he  was  reared  to  the  pursuits  of  the  farm.  Being  of 
a  studious  disposition  he  made  the  best  possible  use  of  his  school  days  acquired  a  good, 
practical  education,  and  at  the  age  of  nineteen  years  began  teaching  school,  successfully 
teaching  ten  terms.  He  then  began  farming  in  a  small  way,  and  by  dint  of  perseverance 
and  intelligent  application  widened  his  knowledge  of  agriculture,  soon  becoming  regarded 
as  an  authority  on  all  matters  pertaining  to  that  pursuit.  He  remained  in  hi-  native 
county  until  1868,  when  he  bought  and  settled  on  his  present  farm,  which  then  contained 
106  acres.  He  subsequently  purchased  eighty-four  acres,  and  i-  now  the  largest  ana 
most  successful  grain  and  stock  dealer  in  Butler  Township.  His  farm  is  a  model  of  neat- 
ness and  convenience,  and  his  improvements  are  modern  and  durable.  His  stock  is  se- 
lected with  great  care  from  those  breeds  which  experience  has  proved  to  he  the  most 


BUTLER   TOWNSHIP.  383 

the  Percheron  is  bis  fa\  orite;  in  neal 
and  Guernseys,  and  the  herd  consists  of  magnificent  animals;  and  in  sheep,  thi 
downs  and  Hampshin   Downs   they  I  at  wool  producers,  hardt    ind  i 

a  flesh  i  apidl  (      Mi    Gat  rel  son  u   a  mi  mbei  o 
•  i)  serving  his  second  term  of  ofl  B 

inn  con  appointed  chairman  of  the  committee  on  fa 

machinery,  and  has  1 n  a  leading  member  oi  th 

■■  bibitor  he  has  no  fork  i  ount.i 

Agricull ;  "a\  ing  brief!}  sketched   hi 

in  no  sense  be  invle\  anl  to  ma 

i-  a  citizen.    The  avo  ices  of  I  lie  da] .  Mr 

Qarretso  ■  mdemns  them,  and  by  word  and  deed  sets  such  ire  wor- 

aitation.   "Be  ye  thereto  lotto  thi  ough  life. 

A.  slave  to  no  habit,  addicted  to  no  vices,  and  free  from  the  restrain!  of  all  comp 
attitudes  n)  i   r  and  Christian  virtu  I,  h  11  the  more  potent  at 

icate  of  reform,  the  more  powerful  as  an  opponent   in  thi 

to  advocate  the  right,  to  him  more  than  to  any  other  one  belongs  the  credit  o1 
rtbrovt  of  King  All  ohol  in  his  v  icinitj .     He  met  the  petition  of  thi 
drinkers  in  open  couri  al  different   times  with  n   remoi       tno  worthy 

citizens  whom  he  personally  solicited.     His  example  in  this  i 
lowed  03  others  closingthe  doors  of  the  drinking  houses.    October  20,  1859,  hi 
Rachel,  a  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Jane  Qarretson,  of  iTork  '  b    ct   and 

,■  three  children:  Jacob  15..  Eli  and  Israel  H.    The  entire  family  are  mi  1 
the  Society  of  Friends.     Mr.  Garretson  holds,  as  one  of  the  trustees,  the  propertj  of  this 
society  in  York  County,  whii  1  considerabl  ■  value;  also  the  records  of  the  flrsl 

monthly  meetings  of  Warrington  and  Newberry  (Penn  iMceting     beginning  in  1747  and 
in  1856.     He  has  also  the  records  of  the  Friend--  Society  of  Menallen  particular 
meeting,  and  records  of  births  and  deaths  of  many  members  of  the  Warrington  and  New 
i  mthlj  Meetings.     His  father,  Israel  Garretson,  was  born  May  7.  1798,  a 

1880.     His  mother,  Ruth  (Walker)  Garretson,  was  born  December  85,  1 
dii  d  February  6,  issi>,  and  her  children  by  Mr.  Garretson  were  Jacob,  born  April 
l.vdia  born  April    I,  1828;  [si  ai si,  born  Julj    J5,  I"::1'.  Ruth   A.,  born   January  88,  L883; 
Mary,  born  January  6,  1836;  Martha,  born  July  8,  1839;  Robert  N.,  born  October  31,  1842 

ril  :.  1846.  and  Maria,  burn  June  7.  1845.    Thoi  I  on,  the  father  of  thi 

Mrs.  Israel  Garretson,  was  burn  January  20,  1788,  and  died  .human  35,  i*<'"     Hii 

first  wife,  Susannah  Cleaver,  was  the  m  ithi  r  of  Isaac,  born  April  27.  1816,  died  May  7. 

n  ither  died  May  4,  1816.    Thomas  Garretson  was  next  married  to  -Mrs.  Jane 

,    the  widow  of  William  Warner,  by  whom  she  bad  Mary,  born  January 

18,  1816,  died  0  tober  10.  1821.    Jane  (Hoopes)  Warner  was  Jwrn  February   17,  L790 

man  87,  1859.     The  children  of  Thomas  Garretson  by  his  second  marri 

Julia  A.    born  October  14,  1818  died  September  19,  1823;  Sarah,  born  1 

Warner  born  September  26,  1822,  died  March  7.   1823;  Susan,  born  December  I 
died  February    23,  1858;  Eliza  J.,  born  November  83,  L825,  died  April  11,  1848;  Rachel, 
born  September  18,  1837;  Eli  15..  born  September  2,  1830,  died  April  10, 1859;  Alfred,  born 
July  18,  1833,  died  August  1 1.  1847. 

DANIEL  D.  GITT,  farmer,  P.  O.  Arendtsville,  was  born  in  Adams  County,  Penn., 
March  20,  1817,  eldest  son  of  Henry  Gitt,  who  is  a  grandson  of  rami  nigrated 

from  Ireland  and  settled  near  Hanover,  Penn.  Henry  Gitt  bad  six  sons  and  four  daugb 
11  of  whom  are  now  living.  He  kept  hotel  for  about  fortj  Mars  where  the 
Philadelphia  &  Pittsburgh  Turnpike  crosses  the  Baltimore  .V  Carlisle  Turnpike,  in  Adams 
County;  he  also  fanned  extensively,  having  700  acres  in  one  body  1>  D.  GUI  d 
portion  of  his  early  life  to  merchandising;  was  engaged  extensively  in  lumbering  at  one 
time;  and  traveled  considerably  as  un  agent  for  the  Grover  &  Baker  Sewing  Machine 
Company,  lb- is  the  inventor  of  some  useful  articles,  prominent  among  which 
support  in  bed  invalids  in  a  sitting  posture,  at  any  desired  angle,  which  is  extensively 
used;  also  an  invalid  bed  highly  useful  in  eases  of  extreme  helplessness  or  fractured 
limbs.  In  1841  Mr.  Gitt  marnedMiss  Hannah  Wierman,  daughter  of  Isaac  Wierman,  a 
prominent  representative  of  Adams  County  in  the  state  Legislature  a  number  of  its  ses 
sions.  Mr.  Wierman  died  at  the  age  of  seventy-two  years.  He  was  the  gram 
William  Wierman.  who  emigrated  from  Holland,  and  located  on  1,200  acres  of  land 
bought  of  William  Penn's  sons  on  Bermudian  Creek.  Mr.  Git1  hasthreesons  and  one 
daughter:  Thomas  W.  is  despatcher  of  trains  at  Harrisburg,  Penn..  for  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad  Company  (he  married  Rosa  De  Huff,  of  Mifflin,  Penn.,  and  they  have  two  daugh- 
ters and  one  son),  M.    Fannie  B.  married  Henry  Koscr,  a  farmer,  near  MlddletOWn,  Adams 

County  (they  havs  one  daughter  and  one  son);  Henry  W.  is  weighmaster  and  collector  al 
Harrisburg  for  the  Pennsylvania  Canal  Company  (he  married  Martha  Siers,  of  Harrisburg; 
they  have  two  daughters);  Isaac  C.  is  collector  at  Columbia,  Penn.,  for  the  Pennsylvania 
( 'anal  Company,  and  also  a  merchant  (he  married  Georgie  A.  Ken  net,  of  Columbia.  Penn.) 
Mr.  D.  D.  Gitt  Is  an  uncompromising  Prohibitionist;  he  and  family  are  church  members. 


3S4  BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES: 

CYRUS  S.  GRIEST.  fanner,  P.  0.  Guernsey,  was  born  in  York  County,  Penn.,  in 
183.5  a  son  of  Cyrus  and  Mary  Ann  (Cook)  Griest,  natives  of  York  County  Penn.,  who 
settled  in  Meualleu  Township  in  1839,  and  there  passed  the  balance  ot  their  lives.  Nine 
children  were  born  to  them,  seven  of  whom  are  living:  Hiram,  George  M.  (deceased}, 
Jane  wife  of  William  Whitson;  Ann  M.,  Cyrus  8„  Jesse  W.  (deceased),  who  was  Indian 
aeent seven  years  in  Nebraska;  Maria  E.,  wife  of  Charles  J.  Tyson;  Lizzie,  wife  of  An- 
drew Koser,  and  Amos  W.  Cvrus  Griest,  Sr.,  died  in  1869,  aged  sixty-eight  years..  Mary 
Ann  Griest  (his  wife)  died  in  1884,  aged  Beventy-seven.  Both  were  members  ot  the  so- 
ciety of  Friends.  Cvrus.  Sr.,  was  a  son  of  Willing  and  Ann  (McMillen)  Griest,  natives  Of 
York  County.  Willing  was  a  son  of  Willing,  Sr.,who  was  the  first  white  male  child  horn 
in  Wilmington,  Del.,  then  Willingston,  and  for  which  he  was  named.  The  early  ances- 
tors of  the  family  came  from  Ireland,  and  as  far  hack  as  the  knowledge  of  them  extends 
they  belonged  to' the  Society  of  Friends.  Cyrus  S.,  our  subject,  was  partial}'  educated 
by  "private  'instruction  at  home,  in  addition  to  public  school  instruction,  supplemented  DJ 
a  course  in  the  Academy  at  London  Grove,  Chester  LCo„  Penn.  In  1*01  he  married  Miss 
Letitia  daughter  of  John  Broomed,  of  Chester  County,  Penn.  A  year  later  he  purchased 
his  present  farm,  which  has  since  been  his  home,  with  the  exception  ot  two  years,  tlunn., 
which  he  resided  in  Gettysburg.  His  farm  consists  of  136  acres  of  well  improved  lamb 
In  1885  he  completed  a  modern  creamery  at  Sunuyside,  the  first  one  in  the  county,  ye 
keeps  the  most  profitable  grades  of  stock,  having  a  fine  herd  of  Guernsey  cows, ,10  MX. 
and  Mrs.  Griest  have  been  born  seven  children,  all  living;  E.  Belle,  Mary  E  ™nce, 
Lizzie,  George,  C.  Arthur,  Maurice.  The  eldest  three  are  graduates  of  the  West  Chcstei 
Normal  School,  and  rank  high  as  teachers.  To  the  cause  of  education  Mr.  Griest  is  de- 
votedly attached.  He  and  hi.~  wile  are  birthright  members  of  the  Society ^of  Jnends 
On  his  entrance  into  business  his  capital  consisted  of  $800,  and  he  ln,cun'ela ^V  Wn 
$5,000,  which  has  long  since  disappeared.  The  improvements  he  has  made  have  cost  h 
more  than  as  much  as  the  purchase  price  of  the  farm.  Mr.  Griest  is  one  of  the  tew  who 
have  never  tasted  whisky  nor  tobacco  in  any  form.  ,.„« 

JOHN  HEIGES  farmer,  P.  O.  Guernsey,  was  born  in  Adams  County,  1  enn.,  juiy  iu, 
1830,  and  is  a  son  of  Samuel  and  Mary  (Chronister)  Hedges,  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  wlio 
lived  many  years  in  this  county,  but  later  removed  to  York  County  then  to  Wea™eiu 
County,  Penu.,  where  they  dietl.  John  Heiges  was  partly  reared  on  the  farm,  and  wnen 
old  enough  learned  the  carpenter's  trade,  on  the  completion  of  which  he  moved  wuui- 
field  County,  Penn.,  and  followed  the  same  successfully  for  twenty-five  years  He  was 
married  in  (he  above  county,  October  3,  1853,  to  Telithia  E^  Rishel,  who  has  borne  him 
five  children:  Frederick,  Clara  E.  (deceased),  Abraham  R.  (deceased),  Aluie  da  J  ami 
Franklin  L.  Mrs.  Heiges  died  August  5,  1884,  aged  forty-eight  years,  and  Mr.  H eiges 
second  marriage  occurred  February  11,  1886,  with  Jane  Peters.  In  187o,  Mr.  H  ges ,  pur 
chased  the  200  acres  of  land  where  he  now  resides.  His  farm  is  well  improved,  far  a bove tne 
average.  He  is  an  exemplary  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church,  and  while  living ,  in  C  ear- 
field  County  held  the  offices  of  elder  and  deacon;  has  also  filled  some  offices  ot  this I  town 
shit).  Mr.  'Heiges  began  life  a  poor  boy,  having  but  62  cents  when  he  arrived  n  Clearneld 
County,  but  has  acquired  a  large  property,  aggregating  many  hundreds  of  dollars. 

HENRY  KOSER,  deceased  (name  formely  spelled  Kozer),  was  the  toundei  oi  i» 
family  in  America.  He  settled  on  the  place  where  his  grandson,  Henry,  now  resides,  in 
the  year  1808,  and  subsequently  married  Susanna  Hartzell  On  the  land  he  Purchased  <wa 
acres)  he  lived  and  died.  He  was  the  first  postmaster  of  Bigler,  and  as  sue  ^erved  r^anj 
years;  was  an  enterprising  man  and  accumulated  a  large  property.  He  and  h  s  wiu  s  wc re 
members  of  the  Lutheran  Church.  They  had  four  children:  Henry  G..  Alexander  Rachel 
and  Eliza  (twins),  all  of  whom  grew  up,  had  families,  and  are  now  deceased  Mr.  Jvosei 
,  lied  in  1800  and  his  wife  in  1863.  Henry  G. ,  their  eldest  son  was  bom  on  the  homestead, 
November  21,  1814,  and  married,  October  17,  1839,  Margaret,  daughter  of  Andrew  Brugh. 
He  was  a  successful  farmer  and  held  some  of  the  offices  of  the  township.  In  ear  J  me  ne 
and  his  wife  belonged  to  the  Lutheran  Church,  but  later  joined  the  German  Baptaste.  10 
them  were  born  seven  children,  six  now  living:  Sarah  Ann,  Andrew  pnry,  Margaret, 
Mary  L.  and  Emma  J.  Mr.  Koser  died  July  12,  1884,  and  is  buried  on  ^  B^wSffi?f 
was  born-  his  widow,  who  was  bom  March  26,  1815,  is  still  living.  Henry  Kosei,  tbirdin 
line  of  descent,  was  bora  on  the  homestead  in  1847.  April  25,  1872,  he  married ■£»»<». 
daughter  of  D.  D.  Gitt,  who  has  borne  him  two  children:  Henry  F.  and  Clara  ^wrta.  in 
1884  Mr.  Koser  erected  buildings  on  the  Gettysburg  &  Harnsburg  Radroad.  Biglerville  toi 
trade  in  phosphates,  lime,  bark,  etc.  He  is  an  enterprising  and  public-spirited  gentleman 
and  was  active  in  soliciting  subscriptions  to  aid  in  building  the  Gettysburg  <B  Uams™g 
Railroad;  was  a  member  of  the  building  committee  of  the  Evangelical  Chinch,  Middle- 
town:  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Centerview  Cemetery,  chartered  January  1A  l»eo, 
and  was  the  first  president.  Politically  he  is  a  Democrat.  His  wife  is  an  exemplary  mem- 
ber of  the  Lutheran  Church.  .  „„,;.,„. 
HENRY  LOWER  (deceased)  was  bora  in  Adams  County,  Penn.,  m  1813,  and  is  a  sou 
of  Conrad  and  Catherine  Lower.  There  was  at  least  one  generation  in  ^If}™"*™™ 
Conrad  Lower.     Henry  Lower  settled  where  his  son,  C.  A.,  now  resides,  in  1854,  puicuas- 


BUTLER   TOWNSHIP.  :;sr' 

[no  at  that  time  140  acres  of  land  ami  mill  property,  and  hi  I  the  mill  in  connec- 

tion with  farming  until  his  decease  Be  was  a  self-made  man,  bavi 
boy  was  industrious  and  bad  ?ood  business  tact  und  capacity.  In  all  ins  business  uwli  r 
takings  he  was  bucci  ssful,  and  be  >  i  i  mulated  a  fair  amounl  ol  property.  He  and  his 
wife  were  a.  ceptable  members  of  the  Ref  >rmi  d  Church,  of  which  li 
norter  He  married  Hannah  Doterrer,  who  bore  bim  three  children:  John  8.,  Conrad  A. 
',.„!  11  i;  His  death  was  caused  in  ao  accidenl  in  L868,  a  bank  caving  in  on  bun,  killing 
1,1,,,  jnstantlj      Conrad  A.  is  thesecoud  son,  and  was  born  in  I*:'.*.     He  was  reared  to  tin 

milling  business,  which  be  followeda  number  of  years    Having  abandi I  that,  he  devotes 

his  time  to  overseeing  his  properly.  The  presenl  mill  buildine  was  erected  in  1859  oj  bis 
father  [t  is  erected  on  the  site  occupied  by  a  stone  mill  which  was  buiH  over  LOO  years 
ago  Conrad  A  fully  inherits  his  father's  enterprise,  and  is  one  oi  the  public-spirited 
and  progressive  men  of  the  county.  .„,,./,  n  •    ,o.i- 

MHIN  WINTER  farmer,  P.  0.  Bigler,  was  born  in  Franklin  (  ounty,  Penn.,  in  1825, 
an(iia  a  son  of  Michael  and  Sarah  (Hoffman)  Minter,  natives  of  Adams  County.  Michael  was 


Ohio  where  Mr  Gross  died.     His  widow  died  in  Somersel  County,  Penn..  in  1884,  aged 
eighty  years      Martin  Winter  lived  the  most  of  his  life  in  Franklin  Township,  and  i   an 
aTarge  family  of  children,  now  nearh  all  deceased.    John  Winter,  ai  the  age  of  eightei  n 
began  to  learn  the  blacksmith  trade,  and  for  thirt\  years  followed  the  same  in  this  count 


lector  ior  scnooi  anu  ouue  i»ac».      uc  auu  mo  m«.  w -- 

of  which  Mr  Minter  has  served  as  elder  He  married,  in  1848,  Anna  Steinour,  who  lia 
borne  him  eighl  children,  seven  of  whom  are  living:  Emaline,  William,  John,  Fhomas, 
A, „,,...  Allen,  Clara  and  Sarah  C.  (latter  deceased),     Mr.  Minter  votes  with  the  Republican 

P     JACOB  C    PENSYL,  shoe-maker,  P.  0.  Guernsey,  was  born  in  this  county  in  1842, 
and  is  a  son  of  Henry  Pensyl,  also  a  native  of  this  county,  and  im«  deceased.    Jacob  i 
learned  the  Bhoe-maker's  trade  early  in  life.    November  6,  1861,  he  enlisted  in  Company 
K   One  Hundred  and  First  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers.     In  the  spring  of  18IB  be 
waa  at  the  fronl  in  the  Armj  of  the  Potomac,  and  participated  in  the  battles  ol  V\  illiam 
burg  and  Fair  Oaks.     After  the  evacuation  of  Harrison's  Landing  the  regiment  ■■ 
tached  from  the  ixmj  of  the  Potomac,  and  took  part  in  the  battle  of  Blackwater,  \  a  . 
where   Mi    Pensyl  savs.  tin  rebels  used  guns  that,  when  discharged,  made  no  report,   lbe 
regiment  was  next  Bent  to  New  Heme.  V  C,  and  wasafterward  it;  lbe  battles  ol  Ki 
and  Plymouth,  N.  C.  where  Mr.   Pensyl  was  captured,  in  April,  1864,  and  confined  in 

Yndei-mville  Prison  four  months;  then  was  removed  to  Charleston,  where  he  was  

fined  six  week-,  and.  after  remaining  a  prisoner  seven  weeks  more,  in  !■  lorence,  was  pa 

,1  returned  learn-.     When  exchanged  be  returned  to  his  regiment  and  did  duty  m 
the  hospital,  and  received  his  discharge  in  July,  1865.     After  his  return  borne  he 
for  a  long  time  from  ill  health,  being  unable  to  help  himself  for  months,     [n  L866 
,ied  Isabella  Peters,  who  has  borne  himone  child,  C.  Irene.     Mr.  Pensyl  owns  eight  acres 
Of  well  improved  land;  is  a  member  of  the  United  Brethren  Chureh.  and  belong    to  be.-t 
T  F   Elden  Post,  No.  507.     Hevotesthe  Republican  ticket. 

1     V    II    RKTIIER    P    ().  Biirier.was  burn  in   Bavaria,  Ceriniiny,  December »,  18^1, 

a  son  of  John  Michael  and  Anna  Martha  Rether.  natives  of  Germany  who  lived  and 

that  country.  The  boyhood  of  oursubjeel  waspassed  in  the  village  ol  Rniden 
berg  where  be  acquired  a  practical  education  in  the  viUage  schools.  He  learned  the 
blacksmith's  trade  In  his  father's  shop,  who  was  also  by  trade  a  smith.  In  imo  be  saileci 
for  America   and  after  a  voyage  of  nine  weeks,  landed  ai  Baltimore.     Lhesec 

arrivalinthat  part  he"  .secure.  1  employment  at  bis  trade,  remaining  there  three 
years  During  that  time  he  assisted  in  the  construction  of  the  flrsl  locomotive  that  went 
to  Russia  I- lie  usedon  the  first  railroad  in  that  country.  In  184:;  he  lo.aied  at  Me 
Sherrystown,  this  county,  and  established  a  shop,  which  be  carried  on  three  years;  then 

,  to  Hunterstown,  where  he  continued  his  trad...  until  1849,  when  he  bough 
ertv  in  Middletown.  erected  a  shop,  and  here  at  present  he  may  be  I.. und,  little  the  worse 
to  all  appearances  for  the  fiftj  years  of  incessant  toil  be  has  passed  through,     for  two 
be  war  he  Berved  in  tl  d  department  oi  the  I  nited  Mates  Service, 

mostly  at  the  front;  his  brother,  s,  bastian,  was  also  in  the  service,  a  member  of  the  birst 
id  Cavalry  and  died  while  in  the  service;  another  brother,  M  .run.  resides  m  Her- 
many  andanotherin  Bedford  County,  this  Btate.  Mr.  Rether  has  one  sister,  M 
who  married  John  Leach  of  Crawford  County,  Kas.  [n  connection  with  Ins  trad..  Mj 
also  carried  on  a  farm,  hotel  and  brick-yard,  etc.,  etc.,  doing  a  general  and  sue 
cessful  business.    H.  left  the  "fatherland"  with  barelj  enough  money  to  paj  b 


386  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

to  our  shores,  but  gradually  has  made  his  efforts  tell,  and  his  progress  is  marked  by  a  per- 
manent growth  in  property,  the  valued  which  will  foot  up  to  $20,000.  Through  endow 
ing  the  paper  of  others  lie'  lost  some  $3,000,  but  adversity  never  "downs"  a  man  o1  his 
pluck  and  energy.  He  was  appointed  postmaster  at  Bigler  under  President  Buchanan's 
administration  and  efficiently  served  until  the  inauguration  of  Presidenl  Cleveland.  Of 
township  offices  he  has  held  those  of  collector,  treasurer  and  auditor,  and  discharged  the 
duties  of  each  impartially  and  to  the  satisfaction  of  his  townsmen.  Politically  he  is  an 
adherent  of  the  principles  of  Republicanism,  and  never  fails  to  help  Ins  party  with  his 
vote  ami  influence.  In  1849,  he  married  Sophia,  daughter  of  Peter  Smith  of  this  county, 
born  July  6  1833,  and  to  them  have  been  born  eight  children— four  living:  Alsena  A  , 
wife  of  Israel  Shank;  Clarence,  a  physician;  George  A.  and  Charles;  the  deceased  are 
Frances  Eugenia,  John  E.,  Peter  R.  and  Etna  May.  Mrs.  Rether  is  a  member  of  the 
Lutheran  Church.  Dr.  Clarence  Rether  was  born  in  lS5fi.  and  after,  completing  a 
at  the  Adams  County  Normal  school,  followed  teaching  five  years.  In  1881  he  entered 
refferson  Medical  College,  Philadelphia,  from  which  he  graduated  in  1*^4;  practiced  one 
year  in  Philadelphia  and  the  same  length  of  time  in  Centerport;  located  al  Middletown 
in  1886  August  31.  1883,  he  married  Elizabeth  A.  Herrmann,  daughter  of  Dr.  August  F. 
Herrmann  A  P.  and  has  one  daughter  Edna  D.  George  A.  Rether  was  born  in  Middle- 
town    Penn.,  N  1863.     fn  1876  he  entered   the  Hyghenian  College,  at  Oxford, 

Perm"    where! ed   a   full  course  of  the  college,  and   in   1879  he  entered  Bryant, 

Stratton  &  Saddler  College,  of  Baltimore,  Md.,  where  he  graduated  in  penmanship  and 
book-keeping  (commercial)  department.  He  taught  public  school  two  years  in  Adams 
County  and*  one  year  in  the  college  of  Girard,  Kansas,  as  teacher  of  penmanship  and 
book-keeping.  In  1883  he  commenced  business  in  Middletown,  dealing  in  coal  and  lumber. 
and  in  1884  he  erected  a  large  warehouse  on  the  lit  -      tysburg  &  Harrisburg  Rail- 

road at  Middletown.  and  in  1886  built  a  planing-mill,  sash  and  door  factory.     Febru 
1886  he  married  Anna  C,  second   and  youngest   daughter  of  Senator  Ezra  Minnick  of 
Middletown.  Md.      Charles  Rether.  in   1880,  completed  a  full  course  at  the   Hyghenian 
College,   Oxford,   Penn.     He  employs  several   hands  in  the  manufacture  of  cigars,  for 
which  industry  he  travels  as  salesman.  .  . 

REV.  ABRAHAM  ROTH  was  born  in  York  County.  Penn.,  and  married 
daughter  of  John  Mumma,  a  native  of  this  county.  At  the  lime  of  settling  there  he 
bought  212  acres  of  land  and  mill  property,  the  mill  having  been  erected  by  his  wife  - 
n  1807.  He  was  a  Mennonite  minister,  having  entered  the  ministry  when  a  young 
man.  and  became  an  able  preacher,  rising  to  the  distinction  of  a  bishop.  He  was  widely 
and  favorably  known,  was  an  extensive  traveler  and  an  untiring  worker,  universally  be- 
loved by  all.  He  had  six  children:  Jonas,  Samuel.  Daniel,  Elizabeth,  Susan  and  Maria 
M  Daniel  and  Maria  M.  are  living,  the  former  being  minister  of  the  same  church  and 
residing  in  Maryland.  Rev.  Abraham  Roth  died  in  1854;  his  widow  in  1858.  Jonas 
Roth  was  born  in  York  County,  Penn.,  in  1800.  Arriving  at  maturity  he  engaged  in 
buying  and  selling  stock  and  operating  a  distillery.  He  carried  on  a  large  business;  was 
a  man  of  sound  business  judgment  and  successful  in  his  commercial  undertakings.  He  mar 
ried  Barbara  Kauff man,  who  bore  him  nine  children :  Maria  (deceased).  Elias,  Jeremiah. 
Henry  Abraham.  Reuben.  Leander,  Sarah  and  Susfe.  He  died  in  1871:  his  widow  in 
August,  1884.  Up  to  the  time  of  the  civil  war  he  was  a  Demo,  rat  and  since  tie 
Republican  Jeremiah  is  the  second  son  and  third  child,  and  was  born  November  30, 
1831.  February  26.  1857,  he  married  Eiiza  Ann,  daughter  of  Joseph  Deardorff.  For 
ten  years  he  traveled  extensively  in  the  fruit  tree  business  over  Maryland,  Pennsylvania, 
Virginia  and  Ohio.  In  1872  he  purchased  the  old  homestead,  and  has  since  devoted  him- 
self to  the  duties  of  the  farm.  Altogether  he  owns  143  acres  of  good  land.  He  is  the 
father  of  twelve  children  (ten  now  living):  Susannah  G..  Beniah  T..  Henry  C.  Sarah  A., 
Abner  G.  (deceased).  Ida  M.,  Jeremiah  T.,  Reuben  S..  Rachel E.  (deceased).  Eliza  B.,  Rose 
E.  and  Daisy  E.      Mr.  Roth  votes  the  Democratic  ticket. 

.1  SSE  SLAYBAUGH,  farmer,  P.O.  Menallen,  was  born  in  Butler  (then  Menallen) 
Township  this  county,  in  1825,  and  is  a  son  of  Peter  and  Mary  (Peter)  Slaybaugh.  natives 
of  Adams  County,  who  had  a  family  of  four  children:  Jesse.  Henry,  Maria  and  Elizabeth. 
Peter  Slaybaugh 'was  a  weaver  by  trade,  which  he  followed  while  he  lived,  and  died  m  1828. 
He  was  an  exemplary  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church.  After  her  husband's  death. 
Mrs.  Slaybaugh  married  Jacob  Weidner.  by  whom  she  had  two  children:  Mary  C.  and 
Anna  R.  She  died  in  1876,  aged  seventv-eight  years.  Mr.  Weidner  died  in  1868.  He 
and  his  wife  were  members  of  the  Reformed  Church.  Peter  Slaybaugh's  father,  Peter 
S.,  and  Rebecca  (Guise),  his  wife,  removed  to  this  county  in  its  early  settlement,  and  here 
lived  and  died.  Their  children  were  Jacob,  Peter.  David,  Daniel,  Nicholas,  Abraham 
and  Susanna,  all  deceased  but  Nicholas.  The  wife  of  Peter  Slaybaugh.  Jr.,  was  a  daugh- 
ter  of  Henry    and  (Schnar)    Peter.        Jesse,  our  subject,  lived,  from  after  three 

ii  -  of  age,  at  home  until  attaining  his  majority,  and  in  youth  learned  the  blacksmith  > 
trade  lie  established  himself  in  a  shop  at  Lower's  Mill,  and  carried  on  his  business 
nine  years  In  1855  he  purchased  114  acres  of  land,  on  which  he  settled,  and  where  he 
now  'resides        He  began  life  a  poor  boy  with  little  or  no  means,  but  by  hard  work  and 


BUTLER   TOWNSHIP  :;s" 

genuine  pluck  has  acquired  a  large  property.      To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Slaybaugh  have  been 

irchildren:  Elizabeth  A.,  Henry  P..  Howard  J    and  Barbara  E      Thee e  fam- 

■d  Brethren  Church.      Politically  Mr   -  i    liberal 

-  for  whom  he  thinks  is  the  best  man.      He  resides  in  the  house  built  by  Henry 
Slaybaugb  in  1*1 1.  , 

MARTIN  THOMAS,  farmer,  P.  O.  'I'm Me  Rock,  was  born  on  the  farm  where  he  now 

and  is  a  son  of  Jacob  and  Mary  I  Bear)  Thomas,  the  former  of  whom 

was  born  and  reared  in  Cumberland  County,  Penn.   Jacob  Thomas  came,  aboul  1809,  with 

bis  wife  and  one  child,  and  settled  where  Martin  uow  resides   |  il  the  1 151 

land.     Herehe  lived  until  his  death,  which  occurred  in   1833.      He  and  his  wife 

of  the  Reformed  Church.      He  was  the  possessor  of  a  good  intellect,  and 

kept  himself  well  posted  on  the  affairs  of  the  day'.     Five  children  were  born  to  him: 

George  B    Martin,  Polly  (deceased  wife  of  Joseph   Hartzell,  deceased),  Catherine,   Mar 

garel  (wife  of  John  Latchaw  I.     Mrs.  Thomas  died  in  1871.   The  subject  ol  this  sketch  was 

"pU1  ,,,,  of  seven  years,  from  whirl,  time  he  made  his  own  way  in  the  world. 

>.,  ,|„.  ,  .      arning.the  shoe-maker's  trade,  which  he  onl}  followed 

for  a  shorl  time.     Dntil  his  marriage  he  labored   for  aboul  seven  dollars  per  month 

:    he  married   Susan,  daugb  b  Eaholtz,  and  afterward   settled  on   the 

home  farm,  which  he  rented  seven  years,  after  which   be  purchased  it.  and   b 

ii  ii.     Although  starting  in  life  a  poor  boy,  Mr.  Thomas  has  acquired 

home  and  is  In  ing  the  declining  years  of  his  life  amid  peace  and  surrounded  with  plenty. 

were  born  to  him:  Qi  orge  W..  married  to  Anna  M.  Bushey  (they  had  two 

children:  Lettie  A,  and  Eempher);  Martin  II  .deceased,  formerly  a  hardware  merchant  in 

married  Elsie  Deatrick,  both  of  whom  died  several  >  eir  mar 

riage,  h  i  lild,  now  an  orphan,  named  Elsie);  the  youngest  child  died  in  infancy. 

Mrs.  Thomas  died  January  33,  1879;  aged  seventj  two  years  and  eighl  months.     She  was 

a  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church.     Mr.  Tl to  the  Reformed.  Church,  of 

which  he  is  a  liberal  supporter 

.1.  C.  WARREN,  M.  D.,  P.  O.  Menallen.was  born  in  York  County.  Penn.,  in  1853, 

i  »r.  James  w  arren,  formerly  a  prominent  ph\  sician  of  ">  ork  County,  but 

ired  and  living  in  Adams  County.    Our  subject  passed  his  boyhood  in  the  city,  and 

ducation  in  the  citv  schools.     In  1870  he  entered  the  medical  univer- 

Louisville,  Ky.,  from  which  he  graduated  in  1873.    He  began  practice  in  Lancaster, 

Penn..  where  he  devoted  himself  to  a  remunerative  practice  for  three  years.     He  then 

burg,  and  practiced  a  short  time;  then  located  in  Strinestown,  York 

Countv,  where  be  practiced  successfully  eight  years.     I"  lss:'>  he  came  to  hispresenl  loca 

ti.,n.  since  which  time  he  has  built  up  a  lucrative  practice,  winch  is  constantly  on 

October9  1888,  he  married  Miss  Eliza  A.,  a  daughter  of  John  Dull.     Dr.  Warren 

■  man.  and  decidedly  popular,  both  socially  and  professionally. 

member  of  the  Reformed  Church.     Mrs.  Warren'-  father,  John  Dull 

in  Butler  Township  in  1810,  and  was  a  son  of  Joseph  and  Marj 

lers  of  the  county,  in  which  they  lived  and  died       Both  be! 

the  Reformed  Church.     They  were  parents  of  tour  children:    Benjamin,  John  W  ..  Eliza 

and  Mary.      He  died  in  18     .'    John  Dull  married,  ill  1843,  Susanna,  daughter  ol  Ji 

Mary  (Smith)  Myers,  and  for  eight  years  after  lived  in  Whitestown;  he  then  settled  on  the 
farm  where  the  family  now  reside.     He  wasamember  of  the  Reformed  Church .    As  a 
d  business  man  he  acquired  a  large  property.     He  was  the  fatb  i  bildren, 

homisliving  -Eliza  Ann,  wife  of  Dr.  Warren.    Mr.  Dull  died  in  1883.    The  par- 
Mrs.  John  Dull  died  when  she  was  a  child,  and  their  history  ia.  unattainable.    To 
them  wcreia.ru  seven  children:   Mary.  Geirge,  Gabriel,  Margaret,  Harriet,  Elizabeth  and 

ilia.  . 

A.  A.  WIERMAN,  miller,  P.  0.  Arendtsville,  was  born   at  York  Springs,   Adams 

County,  in  1837,  and  i  i  eph  Wierman,  who  was  a  son  of  Nicholas  Wierman,  an 

early  settler  of  Huntington  Township.     Our  subject  was  reared  on  the  farm  and  in  the 

mill,  and  received  a  good  education.    In  1856  he  went  West  and  visited  many  places  ol 

Returning  in  1859  he  commenced  milling  in  Huntington  Township,  Where  he 

i  red  until  1866.  at  which  time  he  purchased  his  present  mill  property,  with  eighty 

land,  formerly  owned  bj  the  well  known  Isaac  Wierman.     He  is  an  energetic, 

enterprising  gentleman,  and  enjoys  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  hismanj  acqu 

Mr  Wierman  has  been  twice  married— fir-t  in  L859,  to  Mary  J.,  daughter  of  John  Day. 
and  by  her  he  had  two  children  Edward  md  Marj  J.  Mrs.  Wierman  died  in  1879,  aged 
forty  one  years.  He  was  married  to  hi-  Becond  wife,  Ellen,  daughter  ol  W  ilham  Heller, 
nid  two  children  have  been  born  to  this  union:  Zora  and  Maude  Mr.  \\  nnnan 
ia  a  membi  i  ol  the  Sociel  i  of  Friends,  and  his  estimable  wife  is  a  member  oi  the  Method- 
n  ii  lie  is  well  posted  in  the  current  affairs  of  the  day,  and  politically  he  is  a 
Republican,  and  votes  with  that  party  on  all  questions  of  National  importance. 

JOSEPH  E.  WIERMAN,  miller,  P.O.  Mummasburg,  was  born  in  the  vicinity  of 
York  Bprings,  this  county,  May  1.  1887,  and  is  a  son  of  Joseph  and  Susan  \\  ierman.  He 
was  reared  to  milling   andinthe  schools  of  his  district  obtained  a  practical  education 


388  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

After  attaining  his  majority  he  worked  in  mills  in  the  counties  of  Cumberland,  York  and 
Perry  under  instructions.  As  his  first  business  venture  he  leased  and  conducted  his 
father's  mill,  in  1876.  one  year;  then  the  Bermudian  Valley  Mills,  near  Bragtown,  three 
years;  then  Fred  Asper's  mill,  one  year;  and  afterward  the  Deardorff  mill,  for  one  year; 
and  in  1884  he  purchased  and  look  charge  of  his  present  property,  the  Willow  Grove  Mill. 
Mr.  Wierman  is  a  practical  miller  and  thoroughly  conversant,  with  every  detail  of  the 
business.  In  1862  he  enlisted  in  Company  I,  One  Hundred  and  Twenty-seventh  Pennsyl- 
vania Volunteer  Infantry,  and  was  in  the  battles  of  Chaueellorsville  and  Fredericksburg, 
served  his  time  of  enlistment,  nine  months,  and  was  honorably  discharged.  He  married, 
in  1880,  Miss  Anna  Myers,  an  exemplary  Christian  lady,  and  a  member  of  the  Reformed 
Church. 


CHAPTER  LI. 

CONOWAGO  TOWNSHIP  AND  BOROUGH  OF  McSHERRYS- 

TOWN. 

EPHRAIM  BOLLINGER,  P.  O.  Sell's  Station,  was  born  September  30,  1836,  on 
the  first  farm  below  Hanover  on  the  York  road,  Pennsylvania.  The  genealogy  of  this 
family  dates  back  to  Switzerland  whence  the  great-grandfather,  Jacob  Bollinger,  immi- 
grated to  America  when  the  Indians  roamed  over  this  county;  he  settled  in  York  County, 
Penn.,  where  some  of  his  descendants  yet  live.  The  men  in  this  family  followed  milling, 
the  trade  descending  from  father  to  son.  Jacob  Bollinger's  son  Jacob  had  a  mill  six 
miles  below  Hanover,  which  burned  down  about  100  years  ago,  and  which  was 
one  of  the  first  in  York  County.  Jacob  Bollinger,  Jr.,  reared  a  family  of  eight  children. 
of  whom  four  survived,  and  of  these,  Jacob  M.,  who  was  a  miller  in  early  life,  married 
and  then  became  a  farmer.  He  moved  to  Carroll  County,  Md.,  and,  after  living  there  nine- 
teen years,  returned  to  Pennsylvania  twenty-nine  years  ago,  and  settled  near  Christ 
Church,  in  Union  Township,  this  county.  He  died  in  Conowago  Township,  Adams 
County,  March  13,  1886,  aged  seventy-nine  years.  He  was  for  three  years  director  of  the 
almshouse  in  Gettysburg,  and  filled  minor  township  offices;  was  well  known  and  esteemed, 
and  for  over  sixty  years  was  a  member  of  the  Reformed  Church,  serving  as  an  elder 
and  filling  other  responsible  offices.  He  was  a  major  in  the  Pennsylvania  Militia  and  by 
most  people  was  known  as  Maj.  Bollinger.  He  was  married  in  York  County.  Penn.,  to 
Miss  Nancy,  daughter  of  Daniel  Sprenkel,  and  who  is  yet  living,  the  mother  of  six  chil- 
dren; Louise.  Ephraim,  Benjamin  (deceased),  Eli,  Jessie  and  Mary.  Ephraim  Bollinger 
was  reared  on  a  farm  and  has  chiefly  followed  agricultural  pursuits.  For  the  last  twenty 
years  he  has  owned  and  operated  the  old  Kitzmiller  mill,  built  in  1738.  Over  the  mill 
'door  is  a  large  stone  on  which  is  inscribed  the  following  names  and  dates;  "Hanson 
Martin  Kiizmiller.  Aug.  1738;  Ann  1755;  1.  II.  O.  K.  M.,  May  12,  1791."  Probably  the 
dates  of  the  building  and  re-building  of  the  mill.  Ephraim  Bollinger  was  married  Decem- 
ber 24,  1876,  to  Miss  Sarah  Loho,  who  has  borne  him  two  children:  Mary  Irene  and  Jacob 
Roy.  Politically,  though  our  subject  is  identified  with  the  Democratic  party,  he  votes 
for' the  best  man.  He  has  himself' filled  minor  township  offices  and  has  been  also  assessor, 
collector,  auditor,  etc. 

REV.  P.  FORHAX.  father  superior  of  Conowago  Chapel.  P.  O.  MeSherrystown,  is  a 
native  of  County  Kerry,  Ireland.  He  came  to  America  at  an  early  age  and  was  educated 
at  Woodstock  College,  in  Baltimore.  Md.  He  then  taught  in  the  Baltimore,  Worcester 
(Mass.)  and  Georgetown  Colleges,  and  was  in  Washington  before  he  came  to  Conowago 
Township,  this  county,  in  June,  1883.  He  has  been  Father  Superior  here  ever  since  and 
is  assisted  bv  five  fathers:  Haugh,  Emig,  Manus,  Richard.  Finnegan,  and  three  brothers. 
Hamilton,  McGunigle  and  Donovan.  The  different  churches  located  at  Hanover,  Oxford 
and  Paradise  are  supplied  by  Conowago  Chapel,  and  much  of  its  present  admirable  con- 
dition is  due.  to  the  earnest  efforts  and  endeavors  of  Father  Forhan,  who  is  beloved  and 
honored  bv  all  with  whom  he  comes  in  contact. 

DAVID  P.  FORNEY,  farmer,  Hanover,  York  County,  Penn.,  was  born  February  14. 
1837,  in  Hanover,  Penn.  The  progenitor  of  this  well  known  family  was  John  Adam  Forney 
(formerly  spelled  Fornich),  a  tailor  by  occupation,  who  came  to  America  about  1721  from 
Wachenheim.  Germany,  with  his  wife  and  four  children,  and  settled  near  the  site  of  Han- 
over. One  of  the  ancestors  of  our  subject,  Philip  Forney,  lived  on  a  part  of  the  old  home- 
stead purchased  of  the  Penns,  and  reared  a  large  family.  Philip  Forney's  son.  David, 
married  a  Miss  Nace.  a  daughter  of  Mathias  (a  tanner),  and  Elizabeth  (Bowman)  Nace, 
who  were    prominent    people  in    Hanover.      David    Forney  was  a    tanner  by   trade; 


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CONOWAQO   TOWNSHIP.  :;'-11 

he  and  hie  wife  died  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  leaving  one  son,  Mathias  Nace  Forney,  who 
was  born  in  Baltimore,  and  there  married  Amanda  Nace  (a  cousin),  daughter  ol  Hon, 
,;,'.,,,.,„.  \.,,,.  0f  Hanover,  Penn.  Mr.  and  Mrs,  Mathias  Nace  Forney  had  six  children: 
Qeorle  N  Catharine  V.  wife  of  Rev.  .1.  B.  Bittinger,  D.  D.,  of  Sewicklyville,  Pi  n 
I  ouife  E  vi  ifeof  Henry  Wirt,  of  Hanover,  Penn,;  Anna  M  ;  MathiaaN.,  a  residenl  <>i  New 
Y  „.k  formerh  editor  of  the  R  n  'road  Qaeettt ;  and  Da>  id  P  Our  Bubjecl  was  educated 
in  the  schools  of  Hanover  and  at  Pennsylvania  Colli  ge,  Gettysburg,  Pi  nn,  He  has  been  a 
former  aearlj  all  hi-  life,  and  at  presenl  has  185  acres  of  Land  under  a  g 1  state  o  culti- 
vation He  was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Amanda,  daughter  oi  Dr.  G.  W.  Hinkle 
and  trranddaughter  of  Judge  Hinkle,  of  Hanover,  Penn  Mr.  and  Mrs.  David  P.  Forney 
have Tseven  chfldren  now  living:  Anna,  George,  Harry  II.,  Lucy,  Catharine,  Maggie  and 
Philin  Sauire  Forney  has  been  identified  with  the  Republican  party,  but  frequently 
votes  for  the  best  man  regardless  of  party.  In  the  springoi  1885  hewas  elected  justice  of 
.,                            [ling  the  office  with  marked  ability. 

JOHN  P  rOHNS  stockman.  McSiirn-vstnwn.  John  Johns,  a  Quaker,  and  a  native  ol 
Wales  immigrated  to  America  with  William  Penn.  The  Johns  settled  in  Lancaster 
County  Penn  and  there  were  several  children  in  the  family  at  the  nine,  of  whom  John 
Fohns  Jr  was  then  twelve  years  old.  He,  John  Johns,  Jr.,  married  and  had  six  children— 
tbjeesonsandtlireedaughtcraiheandhiswifediedontheoldhomesteadinLancasterl  oun- 
...  iv,,,,  Their  son  John,  married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Peter  Miller,  and  thej  also  died 
;„'l  ancaster  Countj  and  are  buried  in  the  Johns'  Cemetery.  John  and  Elizabeth  Johns  had 
aevenchUdren-  five  boys  and  two  girls.  Of  these,  John  married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of 
David  and  Rosannah  (Schwartz)  Melhorn,  and  had  a  family  of  eleven  chJdren  who  at- 
tained maturity:  John  II..  Kli.M.  Matilda.  Hattie,  David,  Jeremiah,  Amanda.  Elizabeth, 
I  liann  Susannah  and  George  W.  Of  these  four  are  still  living;  all  were  married  except 
M  Matilda  whni-imwlivm-ontheold  farm  in Conowago  Township,  this  county,  where 
her  Barents  came  in  1832  after  the  death  of  their  parents  and  there  died  also.  All  the 
loin's  were  farmers  Of  the  children  of  John  and  Elizabeth,  Jeremiah  married  Elizabeth 
Ulster  (who  survives  him  and  now  keeps  hotel  at  McSherrystown),  and  had  six  children: 
j,,hn  Jacob  David  (deceased),  Alice  B.  (deceased),  Jeremiah  and  Samuel.  Jeremiah 
Johns  Sr..  was  a  farmer  and  kept  hotel  in  McSherrystown,  where  he  died.  Of  the  chil- 
dren Of  Jeremiah  and  Elizabeth  (Oister)  Johns,  Jeremiah  was  married  January  39,  1846,  to 
Hannah  E  Evster  whose  ancestors  were  of  German  extraction.  Her  grandfather,  George 
:  :  Evster  born  June6,  1757,  married  Magdalena  Schlagle  November  1 1.  1780.  He  was 
.  ;,„„(./;„„i  farmer,  and  died  near  Hunterstown,  aged  seventy-nine  years;  he  had  eleven 
el  i  dren  all  of  whom  are  deceased  One  of  his  sons.  Peter  Evster.  born  in  Adams  (  ounty, 
,.,,„„  died  in  York  County.  Penn.,  aired  seventy  one  years,  was  a  fanner;  was  twice  mar- 
ried and  bv  his  flrsl  wife  Elizabeth  I  Weaver),  who  died  at  the  age  of  fifty-nine,  had  eight 
rhi dren    George  D.,  David  id.  e,   i  ed,.  .laeob,  William.  Elizabeth,  Mary  M.,  SarahA.  and 

Rebecca  V  (latter  deceased).    John  P.  Johns,  the  subject  of  this  biography,  is  a  sou  of 

,,:    ,  |  Bysti  r)Johns,  born  August  15,  1846,  in  McSherrystown,  Penn.. 

where  he  received  acommon  school  education.    He  farmed  until  heattamed  his  majority. 

and  then  engaged  in  the  harness  business  for  several  years,  after  which  he  bought I 

sold  horses    '"lie  commenced  on  a  small  scale,  but,  finding  that  he  was  suited  to  the  bust 

'„  Son  devoted  all  hi- time  toil  and  has  been  one  of  the  most  successful  men  in  this 

„  in  this  part  of  the  eot.ntv.      His  -tabh  I  in  McSherrystown    Berlin    Adam- 

' "u  "v  and  Gallipolis.  Ohio.     He  buys  many  horses  in  the  West,  especially  in  Ohio,  and 

,  SSMSr  buy!  mule-  in  Kentucky.    His  sales  are  generally  in  Southern  Pe™£™"> 

and  MarvHnd    and  his  business  transactions  last  year  amounted  tof  108,000.      Oui  SUbjei  I 

w'  married  to  Miss  Mary,  daughter  of  Egbert  Eckert,  by  whom  he  has  one  son  Henry 
\yr  ,'  who  wasbomOctob!r23,  1875.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Johns  are  members  ol  he  Lu- 
A^nand  Reformed  Churches,  respectively.  Politically  Mr.  Johns  is  a  Kepi. hi..  ...  Hi 
ta  ™ self-made  man  in  every  respect,  owing  his  success  to  his  own  energy,  perseverance 

and  o-ooil  business  principles.  ,  ,T  .         o- 

l  rOHNS  manufacturer  and  merchant,  McSherrystown,  wasborn  November  ..,. 
I  in  Conowago  Township,  near  Hanover,  son  of  Jeremiah  Johns.  Oursuhject  received 
on  ,on  -ehool  education,  but  is  ehie.lv  -elf  educated.  Quite  early  in  life  he  became 
taterested  in  cigar  manufacturing,  and  at  the  age  of  eighteen  engaged  a  man.  John  F 
Keefer  as  ourneyman,  and  both  went  to  work  making  cigars,  Mr  Johns  learning  as  lie 
worked  not  Blowing  anything  about  business  when  he  commenced.  He  soon  mastered 
Ihe  trade   however,  and,  from  time  to  lime,  emp  workmen,  increasing  his 

,'rv  year  and  almost  every  day.  Success  is  ever  readj  to  reward  the  ener- 
getic -  .ti-facon  of  seeing  his  business  grow  how i  a 
small  beginning  to  its  presenl  proportions.  He  commenced  February  i. 
to  'v  manufactures  about  4,500,000  cigars  annually,  employing,  in  vanous  depart 
men  earlv  lb)  men.  women  and  children,  more  than  half  ol  whom  are  employed 
S  McSherrystown.  He  is  also  engaged  in  packing  tobacco,  hav,,,-  warehouses 
I  ,e  -  ■'  'ounty  Pcm..  and  is  also  buying  tobacco  in  New  Tork,  Philadelphia 
"ndiS,                     ig    and    selling   from  60§  to  800  cases   of   leaf  tobacco  annu- 


392  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

ally.  He  also  exchanges  tobacco  for  cigars,  and  last  year  handled  nearly  0,000,000 
cigars.  June  5,  1886,  Mr.  Johns  opened  a  grocery  and  confectionery  store  in  McSherrys- 
town,  another  marked  improvement  to  the  town.  He  was  married  December  26,  1882,  to 
Miss  Emma,  daughter  of  Peter  Strasbaugh,  and  by  her  be  has  one  son— G.  Milton  Blaine 
— born  March  13,  1884.  Politically  our  subject  has  been  identified  with  the  Republican 
party,  and  has  ever  taken  an  active  interest'in  all  the  public  affairs  of  the  township-,  was 
one  of  the  men  instrumental  in  getting  the  turnpike  from  Hanover  to  McSherrystown,  of 
which  he  lias  been  director  since  its  completion.  He  was  also  instrumental  in  having 
McSherrystown  incorporated,  and  was  elected  its  first  burgess.  When  the  McSherrystown 
Building  Association  was  talked  about  he  at  once  became  an  active  advocate  of  it,  and  has 
served  as  director  for  five  years.  In  1883,  being  mindful  of  the  welfare  of  the  working 
people,  he,  himself,  started  the  Sevies  B  Building  Association,  of  which  be  is  now  president, 
and  which  is  the  means  of  building  homes  for  his  workmen,  where  even  a  young  man,  by 
making  a  small  weekly  payment,  soon  has  a  home.  Thus  we  give  a  brie!  sketch  of  the 
active  career  of  a  self-made  man,  who  has  promoted  the  welfare  of  the  town  and  people, 
and  who  is  an  example  of  what  a  young  man  of  energy  and  good  business  principles  can 
accomplish. 

EDWARD  J.  KUHN,  stockman,  P.  O.  Hanover,  York  County,  was  born  September 
23,  1827,  in  Union  Township,  Adams  Co..  Penn.  The  family  genealogy  dates  back  to 
Germany.  The  paternal  grandfather,  John  Kubn,  was  reared  on  a  farm  in  Berks  County, 
Penn.,  and  there  followed  blacksmithing  and  farming.  He  was  married  to  Therese 
Fricker,  and  they  both  died  in  Conowago  Township,  this  county,  the  parents  of  eleven 
children:  Judith,  Elizabeth,  Margaret.  John.  Anna  (died  when  a  young  lady),  Joseph  J., 
Catharine,  Polly,  Therese,  Abalonia  and  Magdalena.  Of  these  John  is  living,  aged  eighty- 
nine  years.  Joseph  J.,  the  father  of  our  subject,  was  born  on  the  old  homestead  October 
4,  1803;  was  a  farmer  all  through  life;  was  educated  in  this  county,  and  died  in  Oxford 
Township  September  17,  1878.  He  married  Jane  McCabe,  of  Hanover,  York  County, 
daughter  of  Edward  and  Rebecca  (Hudson)  McCabe,  the  former  a  native  of  Ireland,  and 
the  latter  of  Norristown,  Penn.  To  this  union  were  born  eight  children  who  attained 
maturity:  Edward  J.,  Louis  D.  B.,  Maria  (married  to  Charles  Leison.  and  died  in  Cuba), 
Charles,  Jane  E.,  Joseph  A.,  John  and  George.  Joseph  J.  Kuhn  was  a  Whig  in  early 
life,  in  later  years  a  Democrat;  be  was  much  interested  in  military  matters;  was  elected 
colonel  of  the  Pennsylvania  Militia  before  he  was  twenty-one,"  and  received  several 
appointments  from  the  governors  of  the  State.  He  filled  township  and  county  offices,  and. 
in  about  1870,  was  elected  associate  judge  by  the  people,  by  whom  he  was  well  known  and 
held  in  high  estimation.  Two  of  his  sons  are  stockmen,  two  lawyers,  two  represent  the 
medical  profession,  one  of  whom.  Louis,  was  surgeon  in  the  army  and  navy.  Edward  J. 
is  the  only  son  who  did  not  receive  a  classical  education,  being  chiefly  self-educated.  In 
early  life  he  was  a  stockman.  In  1854  he  went  to  Missouri,  and  farmed  in  Lincoln 
County,  and  the  next  year  married  Miss  Anna  P.,  daughter  of  Dr.  Presly  Gill,  formerly  of 
Fairfax,  Va.  She  died  in  Missouri  in  June,  1862,  leaving  three  children:  Charles  F.,  a 
physician  in  New  York;  Anna,  a  sister  of  charity  in  the  St.  Louis  Hospital,  ami  William 
L.,"  a  resident  of  Hanover.  York  Co.,  Penn.  Our  subject  left  Missouri  in  1864.  and 
returned  to  Pennsylvania,  where  be  traded  cattle  for  eight  years.  He  was  married,  on 
second  occasion,  in  1870,  to  Miss  Sarah  J.,  daughter  of 'Jacob  Hilt,  of  Hanover,  Penn.. 
and  by  this  union  there  are  five  children  now  living:  Mary  A.,  Guy  L.,  Bertha  J..  Amelia 
G.  anil  Sarah  E.  Politically  Mr.  Kubn  is  a  Democrat.  He  is  now  engaged  in  ihe  cattle 
business  in  this  county.  While  residing  in  Missouri  he  drove  cattle  there  from  Texas,  and 
thereby  saw  much  of  the  West. 

VIRGIL  H.  B.  LILLY,  physician  McSherrystown.  Samuel  Lilly,  the  progenitor  of 
this  well-known  family,  emigrated  from  Bristol,  England,  in  1730,  previous  to  which  he 
had  married  Miss  Ann  Price,  two  ceremonies  being  performed  the  same  day  to  celebrate  the 
union,  one  by  the  Catholic  and  the  other  by  the  Established  Church.  This  grand  old 
man  settled  in  Adams  County,  Penn.,  where  he  bought  and  improved  a  farm  (now  owned 
by  his  grandson,  Samuel  Lilly  Jenkins),  called  it  Eden,  and  there  died  January  8,  1758, 
aged  fifty-nine  years.  His  ashes  rest  under  the  Church  of  the  Sacred  Heart,  at  Conowago; 
his  wife,  Anna,  also  died  in  Eden,  in  June,  1784,  aged  eighty-five  years.  They  had  seven 
children:  Esther  and  Richard  born  in  England,  Thomas  on  the  sea,  and  John.  Samuel, 
Mary  and  Joseph  at  Eden.  Of  the  above.  John,  born  June  15,  1733,  married  Miss  Verlin- 
da  Hardy,  of  Harford  County,  Md.,  who  bore  him  six  children:  Ann  E..  Samuel,  Richard, 
Mildred,"  Bennett  and  Henry.  Of  these  Samuel,  born  March  23,  1768,  near  Cooptown, 
Harford  Co.,  Md..  died  opposite  Eden  September  12.  1853.  He  was  married  to  Miss 
Hannah  Cooper,  of  Lancaster  County,  Penn.,  who  died  in  December,  1835;  they  had  three 
children  that  outlived  them:  John,  Sarah  and  Virlinda.  The  last  mentioned  married 
William  S.  Jenkins,  a  great-grandson  of  Richard  Jenkins,  and  had  seven  children.  Sarah 
Lilly,  born  October  22,  1800,  is  still  living  in  the  white  house  near  Conowago  Church; 
John,  born  opposite  Eden  February  2,  1797,  in  Mountpleasaut  Township,  this  county,  and 
died  May  29.  1869,  on  the  adjoining  farm  to  which  lie  was  born.  John  Lilly  married 
Hannah  C.  Stump   a  native  of   Harford  County,  Md.,  daughter  of  William  H.   Stump. 


CONOWAGO   TOWNSHIP. 


393 


md  Butler  Eoi    bis  preceptors,     Be  gradu 

l369i  nnd  settled  in  McSherrystown,  this  county,  were  he  has  since  been 

narried  here  Ma)  28,  1873,  to  Miss  Sarah  C    Clunk,  daughter 

■  asborn  here  September  6,  1853.   The)  have  Eour  childre >w 

Vlarj    John   Gertrude  and  Joseph  K.    The  Doctor  and  wife  arc  men 

,  ,  ,  he  is  a  Democrat,  and  is  now  serving  bis  second  term  as 
chief  burgess  of  the  borough.      Be  is  a  member  of  Adams  County  Medical  Society,  and 

88 VINCENT  O  BOLD   farmer,  McSherrystown,  was   born  March  12,  i-j;      The  gene- 
alogy 0f  tu  :    n"   :  the  great  grandfather,  Senas 

imigrated  to  America  when  quite  young  and  settled  in  <  wago    Lown 

si,i,»    i.damsCount\    Penn.,  where  he  owned  three  farms  and  was  a  wide-awafc 

-  the  parent  of  four  children:  Ai ny,  Joseph, 

Mr.    Ignatius  Miller  and  Mrs.  Shorb     Of  iheseAnthon)  O.Bold  married  - 


w  thiscou  aere;  he  was  a  farmer  and  died  on  the  oldfari 

ars;  be  married    Miss  N; oighter  ol    Michael  ami  (  athanne 


bul  is  mainly  self-edm  I  'lines       life  (one  winter),  has  been  a 

rince   hasledaven  active  business  life  and  may  lie  said  to  be  one  ol  the  most  energetic 
When  ih.;  Brsl  railroad  was  I'uili  from  Hanover  Junction  to 
ely  interest  in  it.  and  encouraged  others  in  do  the  same,  and  was 
..  ,1  was  built,  iiis  brother-in-law,  Dr.  Smith,  being 
that  time;  at  p  abject  is  a  director  of  the  road  and  the  second 

\\  hen  the  First  National  Bank  was  started  in  Hanover,  Mr.  0  Bold 
rtockholders,  and  has  been  a  director  for  twenty- 
I  he  has  over  600  acres  of  land  in  the  vicinity  ol  McSh. 
a-  two  nul!~.    Behas  rn      fhichai     lab  dbackas  faras  1/61,  178 

o  bis  farms  eight  car  loads  of  cattle,  or  LeOhead.    Hi  aa 
ike  from  McSherrystown  to  Hanover.    Mr.  O.Bold  has  been 
,      i  i,  believing  hi-  sphere  of  dut)  wa 

,i  ,,,  Miss  Louise,  daughter  of  John  Smith,  and  she  bore  htm  tour 
ied:  Ignatius,  a  student  at  Windsor  Colle 

Mar)  was  twenty-six -when  she  died;  Rebecca  was  a-cd  niue- 

iej   died.     They  were  educated  in  the  convent   ol   the 

"[  Sl-  Joseph  ,         _,  .     ,v,-,,    ■ 

.1     \    POIST,  cigar  manufactui   i     McSherrystown,  was  born  February  4,   1850,   in 

Mountpleasant  Township,  this  county.     Bis  grandfather  kept  Hie  "  I  line  Mile  House, 

[timore,  and  w  as  suppo  ed  to  have  been  of  French  extraction.    James  1  oist,  our 

-  father,  wa-  born  in   1812    and  died  in  ConowagO  Township,  this  county.  .Inly  10, 

[86«       Hi  i  m,  a  tanner:   married  Susannah    Fleshman.  who   was   born    in 

Township,  this  county,  daughter  of  Philip  Flesh., Che  children  born 

r,     Una  S.,  Mary,  Sylvester  (deceased),  Philip,  U  illiam,  John  A..  James, 

is 1  Harry.    John  A.  Poist  was  educated  in  Adams  i  ounty,  Penn.     in  early  lite 

he  wa-  a  farmer,   'lie  came  to  McSherrystown  in  1870,  and  learned  and  followed  I 

terer's  trade,  after  which  he  learned  and  became  an  expert  in   the  ci-ar  makm-  business 

business  for  himself,  on  a  small  scale,  in  1877;  worked  his  way  up,  until 
leading  manufacturers  in  this  place,  and  i-a  successful  business  man. 

He  make- ah- ui  1,500, agars  annually,  selling  them  mostly  by  wholesale     J.  &      '. 

irried  in  McSherrystown,  Penn.'.  to  Mi-  Clara   Bombach,  who  was  born  here, 
daughter  of  Dr.  William  Bombach.    They  have  two  children;  Mary  and  Estella  1  oist. 

nil    GEORGE  I..  KH'K.  physician  and  surg i,  McSherrystown,  was  born  Januai) 

1.-,.  1850  ai  Baltimore,  Md..  son  oi  John  Rice,  who  was  bom  March  31,  1810,  in  Bavaria, 
.;  immigrated  to  America  in  1837,  and  settled  in  Baltimore,  Md.  John  Rice 
learned  the  saddler's  and  harness  maker's  trade  in  hi- native  land,  and  followed  It  in  Bill 
timore  until  1871,  when  he  came  to  McSherrystown,  Penn.,  when-  he  died  in  1877.  it- 
was  married  to  Lydia  Kittle,  a  native  of  Hanover,  Penn  .  and  a  daughter  ol  Melchior  Kit 
He,  a  hero  of  the  Revolutionary  war,  and  who  participated  in  many  of  its  battles.  Uui 
subject    the  only  child  of  this  couple,  wa-  reared  and  educated  in  Baltimore,  Bid.,  ami 


394  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

then  attended  the  University  of  Virginia,  and  subsequently  graduated  at  the  Washington 
University  in  1872.  He  first  located  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  and  was  prosector  of  anatomy  at 
the  Washington  University  until  he  came  to  McSherrystown,  in  the  fall  of  1877.  He  now 
has  a  lucrative  practice  here.  He  was  married,  November  11,  1875,  to  Miss  Anna  M. 
Brooks,  a  grandniece  of  the  late  Chauncv  Brooks,  formerly  president  of  the  Baltimore  & 
Ohio  Railroad,  and  president  of  the  Western  National  Bank  when  he  died.  To  this  union 
were  born  live  children:  Alfred  Curtis,  Mary  Lorretta  (deceased),  Regina  May  (deceased), 
George  L.  and  Joseph  E.  The  Doctor  and  his  wife  are  members  of  Conowago  Chapel. 
He  has  served  twice  as  school  director  and  twice  has  been  president  and  secretary  of  the 
board.  He  was  one  of  the  first  eouncilmen  of  McSherrystown,  and  has  been  corouer  of 
Adams  County.  Penn.  He  has  been  prominently  identified  with  the  Democratic  party, 
and  is  now  the  nominee  on  that  ticket  for  the  State  Legislature.  Dr.  Rice  is  well  able  to 
fill  any  position  of  trust  to  which  he  may  be  elected. 

SAMUEL  SCHWARTZ,  retired.  Hanover,  York  County,  was  born  September  18, 
1818,  near  Berlin,  but  in  York  Countv.  The  genealogy  of  this  interesting  family  dates 
back  to  Switzerland,  whence  the  great-grandfather,  a  farmer  (and  two  brothers,  all  single 
at  the  time),  emigrated  when  quite  young,  leaving  the  old  country  on  account  of  a  revo- 
lution there,  and  settling  in  Berks  County,  Penn.  Ludwig  Schwartz,  the  son  of  the 
brother  that  settled  in  Berks  County,  also  a  farmer,  married  a  Miss  Lcsher  and  had  ten 
children,  who  all  reached  a  ripe  old  age.  He  was  one  of  the  heroes  of  the  Revolutionary 
war,  serving  as  a  substitute  for  his  father;  he  enlisted  at  the  age  of  eighteen  years,  and  re- 
mained in  the  service  until  the  close  of  the  war.  He  participated  in  many  engagements, 
and  at  one  time  was  taken  prisoner  and  treated  cruelly  by  the  Hessians.  Afterward  the 
Hessians  were  defeated,  and  Ludwig  met  one  of  the  officers  on  his  father's  farm,  working 
as  a  day  laborer  (a  prisoner  of  war),  recognized  in  him  one  who  had  often  abused  him, 
and  told  his  father  unless  he  was  sent  from  the  place  he  would  shoot  him  on  the  spot. 
The  Hessian,  it  is  needless  to  say,  was  sent  away,  for  tiie  old  Revolutionary  soldiers 
meant  what  they  said.  Ludwig  Schwartz  and  his  wife  died  in  York  County,  Penn.  Their 
son,  John,  was  born  in  Berks  County,  Penn..  and  died  in  this  county,  aged  nearly  eighty 
years.  He  married  Barbara,  daughter  of  Simon  Copenhafer,  who  lived  near  Hanover, 
Penn.  She  died  on  the  homestead,  aged  eighty-two  years  and  ten  months.  Of  the  nine 
children  born  to  John  and  Barbara  Schwartz,  seven  reached  maturity  and  four  are  now 
living.  John  Schwartz  had  only  a  common  school  education,  but  he  was  a  wide-awake 
business  man;  in  early  life  he  engaged  in  milling  on  Beaver  Creek,  in  Paradise  Township, 
York  Co.,  Penn..  but  sold  his  mill  in  the  spring  of  1831  and  came  to  Conowago  Township, 
this  county,  where  he  bought  between  300  and  400  acres  of  land,  which  is  still  owned  by 
his  children.  Samuel,  his  son,  was  educated  in  Adams  County,  and  has  been  a  successful 
farmer,  now  owning  the  old  homestead,  which  he  has  much  beautified  and  improved.  He 
was  married,  in  this  countv,  March  25,  1841.  to  Miss  Maria  Gitt,  born  October  17.  1817, 
daughter  of  Daniel  Gitt,  a  member  of  the  old  Gitt  family,  and  grand-daughter  of  William 
Gitt,  who  attained  the  age  of  ninetv-seven  years.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Samuel  Schwartz  was 
born,  February  10.  1842,"  one  child— Henry  Van  Buret),  a  bright  young  man,  who  assisted 
his  father  on  the  farm  and  died  at  his  home  Decegjfber  17,  1864.  Our  subject  became  dis- 
couraged with  farming  after  the  death  of  his  son,  and  in  August,  1881,  moved  to  Hanover. 
Penn.,  where  he  now'resides.  He  has  been  successful  financially;  has  been  director  of 
the  Li'ttlestown  Bank  fourteen  years,  and  director  of  the  Hanover  Branch  Railroad  three 
years,  of  which  he  is  still  a  stockholder.  He  is  also  interested  in  the  ore  business,  in  com- 
pany with  S.  Boyer,  near  Littlestown.  Mrs.  Schwartz  is  a  member  of  the  Lutheran 
Church.  Mr.  Schwartz  is  a  member  of  the  Reformed  Church,  and  has  materially  assisted 
in  the  building  of  three  churches,  especially  of  the  one  in  Hanover.  Politically  he  is  a 
Democrat,  but  in  local  matters  votes  for  the  best  men.  He  filled  all  the  important  offices 
in  Conowago  Township,  where  his  absence  is  still  felt  in  the  community. 

SOLOMON  SCHWARTZ,  farmer,  P.  O.  Hanover,  York  County,  was  born  March  10, 
1827,  near  East  Berlin,  York  Co.,  Penn.,  a  grandson  of  David  Louis  Schwartz,  a  native  of 
Berks  County.  Penn.,  who  was  a  wideawake  farmer  in  his  time,  and  who  removed  to 
York  County  in  1805,  and  settled  two  miles  south  of  Hanover,  but  eventually  moved  back 
to  near  Berlin,  on  the  old  homestead,  where  he  died  aged  eighty-two  years.  David  Louis 
Schwartz  married  a  lady  by  the  name  of  Leisher,  and  of  their  ten  children  John  learned 
the  miller's  trade,  which  he  followed  many  years  very  successfully  south  of  East  Berlin, 
beino-  an  industrious  man.  He  eventually  bought  400  acres  of  land  in  Conowago  Town- 
shiprAdams  County,  in  1831.  and  here  he  and  his  wife  died  on  the  old  homestead.  He 
married  Barbara,  daughter  of  Simon  Copenhafer.  one  of  the  old  settlers  of  this  county, 
and  to  them  were  born~nine  children:  Mary.  Elizabeth.  Levi.  Samuel,  Lydia,  John.  Solo- 
mon. David  and  Louise.  Our  subject  was  reared  on  the  farm,  and  educated  in  Adams 
County,  and  has  been  a  farmer  all  his  life.  Politically  he  is  a  Democrat,  and  has  filled 
many  township  offices.  In  1881  he  was  nominated  for  county  commissioner,  having 
twelve  competitors,  but,  as  he  was  well  known  for  his  sterling  business  qualities,  was 
elected,  and  had  the  satisfaction  of  seeing  the  county  debt  paid  and  money  in  the  treasury 
when  his  term  expired.     He  was  married,  December  4,  1849,  to  Miss  Margaret  Basehoai 


CONOWAGO   TOWNSHIP. 


395 


born  February  L5,  1833,  daughter  of  George  Baaehoar,  and  who  died  January  20  1884,     .< 
Lther  of  eleven  children:  Seorge  F.,  John  B   Samuel  D.,  Mary  B 
CharlesB     Emon    \     Riley  L.,  Dellie  Ann  and  Morise  E.     Mr    Schwartz  and  family  arc 
members  o'i  the  R<  formed  Church,  in  which  he  has  filled  the  ! 

I  |i\\  VRD  SBORB   farmer,  McSherrystown,  is  a  worthj   representative  ol  ihi 

family  of  pioneers,  and  was  born  November  1.    1824,  on  the  old  homestead  ra  Union 

TowMhip,  Adams  Co.,  Penn.    wh.  ier,  Squire  Joseph  1,.  Shorb,  still  resides 

ttts  were  John  and  Mary  (Beecher)  Shorb.    Our  subjecl   was  educated  m  this 

county,  has  been  a  farmer  nearh  all  bis  life,  and  for  the  lastfourteen  y«  :ai  -  b"  been   '';. 

be  plot  where  bis  grandmother  Man  (Obold)  Short, ^resided 

Edward  Shorb  was  married  here,   Decembei  -'..  1859,  to  Miss  Sarah  U, 


vening  of  his  life  in  the  village  of  McSherrystown,  where  he  enjoys  the  esteem 
od-will  of  his  fellow  townsmen  IT„.  _ 

C  D  SMITH  merchant,  McSherrystown,  was  born  September  20,  1855,  m  Union 
Township  thiscounty.  Bis  father,  John  Smith,  was  born  near  Bonneauvillc,  in  Mount- 
pleasant  Township,  this  county,  in  1825,  and  later  farmed  a  year  ...  l.m», Township, 
!,„,,  moved  lo  Oxford  Township  in  the  spring  ol  1856,  and  there  diedm  the  fall  o  1859, 
agedthirtj  foui  years.  John  Smith  was  married  to  Mary  Ann,  daughter  of  Jacob  Mar 
shall,  and  who  is  yet  living.  They  had  three  children,  of  whom  oglyCharles  D.nmwi. 
Bis  sister  Ann  M.,  died  aged  twenty-four.  The  ancestors  ol  the  Smiths  were  oi  G.  rman 
descent,  the  great  grandfather  Smith  coining  from  the  old  country  and  settling  ncarlion- 
neauvilie  Penn.  Be  had  eight  sons  and  three  .laughters,  of  whom  Charles  was  born  in 
thiscountry,  married,  and  had  three  sons  and  one  daughter.  Our  subiect  was  educated  in 
Conowago  Township  this  county,  and  attended  the  sisters'  School  in  McSherrystown  and 
a,  Banover   Penn.     In  early  life  he  farmed,  but  in  1881  embarked  in  the  cigar  business  in 

partnership  with  J.  A.  Poist.   Mr.  Smith  sold  OUt  his  interest  the  neM  y.  ar,  and  embi 

fn  the  grocery  business,  in  which  he  has  since  continued.    C.  D.  Smith  was  married,  Sep 
tember8,  1881,  to  Miss  Clara  C.   Weaver,   bom  May  5,  1859,  in  York  County,  Penn 
daughter  of  Anthony  Weaver.    They  have  two  children:   Edward  C,  born  Novembers, 
id  Rodger  A.,  born  Octobi .  5,  1884.    Mr.  and  Mrs.  Smith  are  m<  mbers  of  tono- 
wago  Chapel. '   Politically  our  subject  is  a  Republican.     He  has  served  as  treasurer  ot  the 

r  "!''~X   SMITH,  manufacturer.   McSherrystown,  was  born  March  21,  1843,  on  the  old 
.  ad  in  Oxford  Township,  this  county,  a  grandson  of  John  Smith  and  son  ot  Joseph 
.1   smith   afarmer.  who  died  in  Irishtown,  Pen...    Joseph  J.  Smith  was  justice  ot  the 
etOedmanj  estates  and  stood  high  in  the  estimation  ot  all  who  knew  him      tic 
married  Mary,  daughter  of  John  Hemler,  who  bore  him  eight  children:  John  I. .   Henry 
W     \ni,a  mow  a  3ist<  t  in  St.  Joseph's  convent,  on  Chestnut  1 1  ill.  Philadelphia),  Francis 
Xaverious.  Andrev.  J.,  Oregon   P..  Samuel  A.  and  Pius  I.     Our  subject  was  educated  in 
this  county  in  early  life,  and  fanned  till  he  was  eighteen  years  old,  then  went  into  bis 
father's  general  store  in  Irishtown,  Penn.,  where  he  continued  about  fifteen  years,  ana 
while  there  embarked  in  the  cigar  business  in  1868,  employing  from  five  to  twenty-five 
hands  annually;  commencing  with  live  hands  he  increased  his  force  as  nie i  business  ae 
i    In  18*77  he  can.,'  to  McSherrystown,  Penn.,  and  was  in  the  cigar  and  leaf  tobacco 
business  in  partnership  with  J.  G.  McKinny  for  two  and   three  quarters  years,  when   the 
hip  was  dissolved,  Mr.  Smith  assuming  all  the   liabilities.      lb    then  embarked  in 
business  on  his  own  account  in  the  fall  of  1879,  kept  a  general  store  and  also  dealt  tn  at- 
gars  and  leaf  tobacco.     He  -aye  up  the  store  October  30,  1882,  and  since  then  has  engaged 
only  in  the  ClgaT  and  leaf  tObaCCO  trade,      lie  makes  full  lines  of  cigars,  using  nothing  but 
the  best  Of  Stock;  buys   tobacco   in  all  the   Eastern  markets,  as  well  as  being  a  packer  Ol 
leaf  tobacco       Be  ships  his   cigars  to  the   Eastern    and  Western   markets,      lie    is   a    Bene 
factor  to  the  village,  for  he  employs  on  an  average  about  150  hands,  and  runs  a  branch 
actory  at  Irishtown,  where  he  has  twenty  bads.     He   makes  about    6,000,000  cigars  annu- 
ally ami  handles  between  4.0110.111.0  and  5,000,000  outside  p Is.      Our  subject  was  married 

to  Miss  Louise  J.,  daughter  of  Dr.  William  Bombach,  a  native  of  Germany,  and  they  have 
eht  children  living:  Clara,  Charles,  William,  Anna,  Joseph,  Paul  Peter  ami  Violet. 
Mr  and  Mrs.  Smith  are  members  of  Conowago  Chapel.  Politically  he  is  a  Republican 
has  been  town  councilman  two  years.  As  a  business  man  he  is  a  decided  success;  as  a 
citizen  he  is  lib,  ral  and  public  spirited.  He  was  in  favor  of  the  borough,  and  was  one  ot 
[he promoters  and  first  treasurer  of  the  building  association,  and  one  ot  the  prime  movers 
in  starting  the  turnpike.  He  has  ever  been  foremost  in  promoting  the  interests  of  Mc- 
Sherrystown. Mr.  Smith  has  such  a  reputation  on  his  cigars  that  he  needs  no  one  to  travel 
for  him  in  order  to  sell  them:  his  goods  always  come  up  to  sample,  his  word  is  his  bond. 
His  only  pride  is  to  make  goods  that  will  always  give  satisfaction.  1  o-day  he  stands  at  the 
head  of  leaf  dealers  in  this  section,  having  an  immense  warehouse,  holding  at  least  oUU 
I  ..,  es  a!      i'.  -  filled  with  the  finest  seed  and  Havana  leaf. 


396  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

FRANK  G.  SNEERINGER,  farmer,  P.  0.  McSherrystown.  The  genealogy  of  this 
family  dati  bai  I  to  Switzerland,  whence  Joseph  SneenngeT  came  when  a  young  man, 
and  settled  in  one  of  the  lower  counties  of  Maryland;  he  married  a  Miss  Great,  and  then 
came  to  York  County,  Penn.,  where  he  farmed,  and  reared  his  large  family,  of  whom  one 
daughter,  Catharine,  married,  and  went  to  Ohio,  and  a  son,  Josenh,  born  in  1761.  who 
learned  and  followed  the  carpenter's  trade  hecame  a  good  mechanic,  and  planned  a  part 
of  Conowago  Chapel.  Joseph  Sneeringer  finally  houghl  land  in  Conowago  Township, 
this  county,  was  a  successful  farmer,  and  died  on  the  old  homestead  January  26,  1838,  Be 
was  county  commissioner  and  justice  of  the  peace.  He  married  Margaret  Fink,  who  was 
born  April  2,  1703,  and  died  September  8, 1830.  They  had  five  children:  Joseph,  Samuel. 
John,  David  and  Catharine.  Of  these,  Samuel,  born  in  1798,  a  farmer  all  bis  life,  event- 
ually bought  bis  grandfather's  property,  became  a  wealthy  man,  and  was  very  indus- 
trious and  upright,  winning  the  resped  of  all  who  knew  him.  He  married  Mary  Smith, 
born  in  1810.  daughter  of  Jacob  Smith.  Samuel  Sneeringer  died  April  14,  1872,  and  bis 
wife  September  8, 1864.  Tbey  bad  nine  children  (sevi  n  of  vt  horn  attained  maturity  I:  Sarah, 
Rebecca,  Joseph  (deceased),  Mary,  Samuel  (deceasi  d)  Matilda  (deceased),  Catharine  (de- 
ceased), Frank  G.  and  Leo.  Our  subject  was  born  September  5.  184"'.  and  was  educated 
at  Conowago  Academy  and  at  Mount  St.  Mary's  College,  near  Emmittsburg,  Md.  He 
has  been  a  farmer  all  liis  life.  He  served  as  justice  of  the  peace,  held  other  minor  town- 
ship offices,  and  in  1882  was  nominated  for  tin-  State  Legislature,  and  in  the  fall  of  1882. 
though  his  party  was  split  up,  was  elected  by  a  good  majority,  losing  only  five  votes  in 
his  own  township,  and  he  may  justly  feel  proud  of  the  result.  He  resides  near  Conowago 
Chapel,  and  still  owns  a  part  of  the  land  bought  by  his  grandfather.  Mr.  Sneeringer 
married  Sally  Jenkins,  born  in  Oxford  Township,  this  county,  August  23,  1846,  daughter 
of  William  Jenkins.  To  this  union  have  been  born  Mary  S.,  Sarah  M.,  Frances  Rosalie, 
William,  Anna  M.  and  Elizabeth  Belinda.  The  elder  two  arc  deceased.  The  family  are 
members  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church. 

JOHN  I).  WALTMAN,  farmer,  McSherrystown,  was  born  June  21,  1836,  in  Cono- 
wago Township,  Adams  Co.,  Penn.  The  genealogy  of  the  Waltmans  dates  back  to 
Germany,  whence  the  great  grandfather,  Henry  Waltman  (a  weaver  by  trade),  came  in 
an  early  day.  He  was  a  native  of  Switzerland  or  Germany,  and  when  a  student,  visiting 
friends,"  was  kidnapped  by  sailors  and  carried  on  board  their  vessel  that  sailed  to  different 
parts  of  the  world,  but  finally  reached  Baltimore,  Md..  where  he  found  an  opportunity  to 
effect  bis  escape,  and  traveled  by  night  till  he  came  to  Pennsylvania,  which  he  ebose 
for  his  future  home.  He  settled  near  Pigeon  Hills.  York  County,  and  there  mar- 
ried a  Miss  Kebr  and  reared  a  family  of  children:  Christian.  John,  Joseph  and  Salome. 
Of  these,  John,  who  was  also  a  weaver  the  greater  part  of  his  life,  died  in  McSherrj  stown 
(to  which  place  he  came  about  100  years  ago),  aged  seventy-eight  years.  He  (John)  mar- 
ried a  Miss  Hinkle.  a  native  of  Baughman's  Valley,  Md.,  and  she  died  here,  aged  eighty- 
seven.  They  were  patents  of  the  following  children:  Jesse.  Henry.  Lvdia  and  four 
deceased.  Of  these  children  Jesse  was  born  in  McSherrystown,  Perm..  July  21.  1808, 
and  died  February  11,  1876.  He  was  a  weaver  in  early  life;  then  became  a  successful 
farmer  and  owned  three  farms  at  the  time  of  his  drifeth:  he  was  a  member  of  the  Lutheran 
Church,  upright,  strong  minded  and  well  known  for  his  good  qualities  of  head  and  heart. 
Jesse  Waltman  was  married  to  Helena  Bowers,  who  bore  him  six  children  that  attained 
maturity:  Mrs.  Louisa  Sterner  (deceased),  John  D.,  Edward,  Jacob  (residing  in  Texas), 
Mrs.  Emma  Melhorn  and  William.  Our  subject  was  educated  here,  has  been  a  farmer  all 
his  life,  and  resides  on  145  acres,  a  part  of  the  old  homestead,  which  he  keeps  in  good 
order.  He  was  married  December  3,  1861,  to  Mary  E.  Schwartz,  born  August  15.  1839,  in 
Mountpleasant  Township.  Adams  Co.,  Penn.,  daughter  of  Levi  and  Eliza  (Flickinger) 
Schwartz,  members  of  the  old  Schwartz  family  of  this  county.  To  this  union  have  been 
born  nine  children:  Alice,  Henry,  Maggie,  Samuel.  AVilliam,  Charles,  Mary,  Steward  and 
John.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  D.  Waltman  are  members  of  the  German  Reformed  Church. 
He  has  filled  different  township  offices,  such  as  auditor,  assessor,  etc.  Politically  he  has 
ever  been  identified  with  the  Republican  party. 


CUMBERLAND  TOWNSHIP.  &H 


CHAPTER  LI  I. 
CUMBERLAND  TOWNSHIP.- 

los  FPU  BAYLY  retired  farmer,  P  0.  Gettysburg,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  Novem- 
bers 1805  a  son  of  John  and  Jane  (McQueen)  Bayly,  natives  of]  inca  er  County,  Penn. 
and  of  Scotch  Irish  descent.  John  Bayly  was  a  farmer,  which  vocation  he  followed  all 
Mb  life  Be  reared  a  largefamily,  ol  whom  Joseph  is  the  fifth  and  he  and  ins  brother 
.  ,.,.  ,]„•  onh  survivoi       Joseph  received  the  usual  schooling  given  to  farmers  sons,  and 

manb 1  chose  agriculture  as   his   occupation,    which  he   has  followed 

through  life      Be  possesses  a  fine  farm  ol   upward  of  800  acres,  on  which  ne  resides.    In 
1847  he  was  united  in  marriage  with  Barriel   C.  Hamilton,  whose  paternal  and  ma    rni 
ancestor!  the  early  settlers  of  Pennsylvania.    The  Bamilton  family  is  one  ol 

tory  of  Adams  County.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bayly  have  been  born 
fourchildren  William  Bamilton  (a  lawyer,  who  graduated  in  871  a1  Pennsylvania  Col- 
)ve)  Joseph  T  Samuel  Russell  (a  farmer)  and  Vanvnck.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bayly  are 
mlmbers  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  of  which  he  is  an  chirr.    In  politics  he  is  a  Repub- 

'Can  P  BIQHAM  merchant,  P.  O.  Green  Mount,  was  born  in  Freedom  Township, 
idam's  County  Penn.,  December  12,  1840,  a  son  of  James  and  Agnes  (McGaughy)  Bigham, 
also  natives  o!  Adams  County,  and  of  Scotch-Irish  descent.  His  father  wasa  farmer,  who 
riled  in  L854  The  parents  had  eighl  children,  six  of  whom  grew  to  maturity.  Our  sub 
jcct  who  is  next  to  the  youngest  child,  obtained  a  fair  education  in  the  district 
knd'remained  al  borne  until  he  was  seventeen  years  of  age,  when  he  began  employment 
,ods  -n.rc  at  Gettysburg.  Subsequently  he  went  to  Springfield,  O., 
where  he  was  engaged  a-  a  salesman  in  a  large  dry  goods  establishment,  returning  to  bis 

native  state  in  tfieyear  1862,  and  in  I863enfisted  in  Companj   B,  Twenty-first  Reg nl 

pennsyi      ,     i  i    of  which  he  was  chosen  orderly  sergeant.     Be  was  honorably  ttis 

i„  1864  at  the  expiration  of  bis  term  of  enlistment;  he  returned  to  Adams 
Counti  Penn  and  established  bis  present  business.  The  sameyearoj  bisreturnhe  was 
annointed  postmaster  of  Green  Mount,  which  office  be  continues  to  hold,  thougha  Repub- 
lican In  1864  Mr  Bigham  was  married  to  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  .lanes  M.t  right,  .and 
nf  Si  otch-Irisb  oriein,  and  to  them  have  been  born  seven  children,  three  of  whom 
living  Margaret  Eliza,  Mary  Arnold  and  Jennie  Belle.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bigham  arc  mem 
bers  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  of  Lower  Marsh  Creek. 

Fi:  W'CIS  BREAM  (deci  ased)  was  a  son  of  Henry  Bream,  whose  father  came  to  this 
county,  from  Germany,  early  in  the  eighteenth  century.  Henn  Bream  was  born  and 
rearednear  Ground  Oak  Church,  on   Bermudian  Creek,  two  miles  from  Idaville,  in  the 

,,.,-n  oart  of  Adams  County,  now  Huntington  Township.      Bere  he  marnt 
foSowed  agriculture,  owning  the  farm,  which  still  belongs  to  one  o    bis  grandchildren 

Here  Ue  lived  until  lie  was  an  old  man.  having  reared  three  sons  and  Several  daughters, 
Of  whom  Francis  was  the  second  son.  Our  subject  was  born  in  .Inly.  1806,  was  reared  on 
the  farm  and  received  a  common  school  education,  lie  used  to  .say  that  the  first  thing 
,  .  undertook,  when  quite  a  young  mac  was  to  chop  200  cords  of  wood  for  the  furnace, 
wh  'was  then  in  operation  mar  Whitcs.own.  now  known  as  Idaville.  When  vet .quite 
,„,,  man  he  anil  a  friend  took  atrip  to  the  State  of  Ohio,  the,  considered  the  far 
\V,s,  loineon  toot  by  way  of  Pittsburgh,  and  after  remaining  through  the  wider  they 
concluded  to  return  to  this  county,  and,  having  made  some  money  during  their  slav 
threshing  out  rye  with  a  tlail.  they  bought  a  pair  of  horses  and  rode  home.  A  lew  years 
tcr  1,     was  elected  constable,  it  then   being  the  custom    for  one  officer  todo  the  business 

„  leveral  townships,  which  kept  him  busi  almost  all  Oietime.  After  servings *s  constable 
rears  he  kept  hotel  in  Idaville.  In  1843,  while  living  at  [daviUe,  at  the  age  of 
thirty  years  be  married  Miss  Elizabeth  Slaybaugh,  a  daughter  of  an  old  reside,,.  ol  Ger- 
man descent,  living  in  the  same  neighborhood.  The  following  la  1  !„■  was .nommated and 
elected  sberifl  of  Adams  County,  and  made  a  v(  rj  on,l„al,le  offlt  i  r.  flS  term  of  office 
having  expired,  he  bought  the  old  and  wall  know,,  Marsh  Creek  farm  and  BlackBorse 
tavern  then  the  property  and  home  of  the  McClellans  an  old  and  well-known  English 
family  who  were  among  the  first  settlers  on  Marsh  Creek.  1  his  property  is  two  and  one 
half  miles  wes1  of  Gettysburg,  on  the  Hagerstown  road;  the  farm  contained  over  400  acres. 
For  Borough  of  Gettysburg,  see  page  349. 


398  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

the  buildings  being  situated  on  the  banks  of  Marsh  Creek,  which  runs  through  the  middle 
of  the  farm.  Here  he  followed  farming  and  kept  a  hotel,  and,  also,  several  years  later, 
bought  the  Mineral  Mills  property  adjoining  his  place  on  the  south,  which  property  con- 
tained a  large  flouring-mill,  saw-mill,  and  seventy  acres  of  land  and  two  sets  of  buildings. 
Being  honest,  upright,  and  a  good  manager,  he  was'able,  in  his  older  days,  to  become  the 
owner  of  two  more  farms  in  his  neighborhood.  Mr.  Bream  and  his  good  wife  were  blessed 
with  a  large  family,  having  reared  six  nous  and  two  daughters.  Several  years  before  his 
death,  becoming  old  and  not  caring  to  have  so  much  business  to  attend  to,  he  ceased  keep- 
ing hotel.  He  also  divided  his  large  farm  into  three  parts,  he  remaining  at  the  home 
place,  and  two  of  his  sons,  Barvey  D.  and  R.William,  each  taking  one  of  the  others, 
which  are  now  very  finely  improved  properties.  His  sons  had  by  this  time  all  married. 
and  gone  into  business  for  themselves,  except  his  youngest  son,  Robert,  who  lived  with  his 
father  until  his  death,  and  now  owus  the  old  homestead.  Mr.  Bream  was  a  very  heavy 
loser  during  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  his  growing  crops  and  fencing  all  being  destroyed. 
and  all  his  buildings  used  as  hospitals  for  several  weeks  after  the  battle.  His  damages 
were  afterward  appraised  at  $7,000,  for  which  he  never  received  any  compensation.  His 
death  occurred  at  bis  home  in  1882. 

LEWIS  A.  BUSHMAN,  merchant,  P.  O.  Gettysburg,  was  born  in  Cumberland  Town- 
ship. Adams  Co.,  Peun.,  July  4,  1833.  a  sou  of  George  and  Polly  (Kepner)  Bushman.  His 
great-grandfather  emigrated'  from  Germany  to  America,  settling  in  the  city  of  Baltimore, 
Md..  and  served  as  a  soldier  in  the  war  of  1812.  Andrew  Bushman,  the  grandfather  of 
Lewis  A.,  was  a  farmer  by  occupation.  Our  subject  is  the  eldest  of  four  children,  two  of 
whom  are  now  living:  Althedore,  the  youngest,  being  a  farmer  of  Adams  County.  Lewis 
A.  v.  as  reared  on  a  farm,  and  chose  that  pursuit  as  his  occupation,  which  he  followed  un- 
til 1883,  when  he  opened  a  store  at  the  foot  of  Round  Top  (at  the  terminus  of  the  railroad) 
where  he  deals  in  all  kinds  of  produce.  His  schooling  was  acquired  in  the  district  schools 
while  working  on  the  farm  with  his  parents.  Mr.  Bushman  has  always  been  an  industri- 
ous and  faithful  worker  in  whatever  he  undertook,  and  in  business  matters  has  been  just 
and  honest,  sustaining  himself  honorably  among  his  fellow-men.  his  word  being  as  good 
as  his  note.  In  1856  he  was  married  to  Miss  Caroline  M.,  daughter  of  Joseph  Little,  she 
having  been  born  in  Gettysburg,  Penn.,  of  English  origin.  The  names  of  the  children  of 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bushman  are  Harry  (deceased).  George  J.  (a  farmer).  Strong  Vincent  and  M. 
V.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bushman  are*  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church.  In  politics  he  is  a 
Democrat. 

ALTHEDORE  BUSHMAN,  farmer,  P.  O.  Gettysburg,  was  born  in  Mountjoy  Town- 
ship, Adams  Co..  Penn.,  July  6.  1837,  a  son  of  George  (a  farmer)  and  Mary  (Kepner)  Bush- 
man, natives  of  Pennsylvania,  of  German  origin.  George  Bushman  has  been  twice  mar- 
ried, and  of  his  four  children  (two  of  whom  are  living),  Althedore  is  the  youngest,  the 
other  survivor  being  Lewis  A.,  a  merchant  of  Adams  County.  Althedore  grew  up  on  the 
farm  and  attended  the  schools  of  his  neighborhood,  choosing  the  vocation  of  his  father, 
that  of  farmer,  which  occupation  he  has  thus  far  through  life  followed,  and  at  which  he 
has  been  reasonably  successful.  Mr.  Bushman  has  been  twice  married;  his  first  wife  be- 
iiifi'  Mary  M..  daughter  of  Peter  Baker,  and  to  whom  he  was  married  in  1862.  Her  death 
occurred  in  1863, "and  in  1866  he  married  Lucinda  Benner,  a  sister  of  George  Benner,  a 
prominent  attorney  of  Gettysburg,  by  whom  be  had  two  children:  Andrew  B.  and  Mary 
C.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bushman  and  son,  are  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church,  in  which  Mr. 
Bushman  has  been  a  deacon.  He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.;  in  politics,  a  Democrat. 
J.  H.  COBEAN.  farmer  and  stock-grower,  P.  O.  Gettysburg,  was  born  in  Cumberland 
Township.  Adams  Co.,  Penn.,  August  22,  1836,  a  son  of  Samuel  and  Eliza  Jane  (Mc- 
Cullough)  Cobean.  natives  of  Adams  County,  Penn.,  and  of  Scotch-Irish  origin.  His 
father,  a  farmer  by  occupation,  served  as  steward  of  the  Adams  County  almshouse  for 
several  years,  and  of  his  family  of  three  children  J.  H.  is  the  second.  Our  subject  was  reared 
on  a  farm  and  received  the  benefits  of  the  district  schools  of  his  neighborhood  and  of  the 
graded  schools  of  Gettysburg.  He  chose  farming  as  his  vocation,  and  has  met  with  suc- 
cess in  that  pursuit.  He  now  possesses  133  acres  of  well-improved  land,  on  which  he  re- 
sides. In  1867  Mr.  Cobean  was  married  to  Anna  E.  Horner,  of  Scotch-Irish  descent, 
daughter  of  John  Horner,  who  was  a  captain  in  the  civil  war.  Three  children  have  been 
born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cobean:  Emma  Jane,  Charles  Horner  and  John  Witherow.  The 
parents  are  members  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  in  which  Mr.  Cobean  is  an  elder.  In 
politics  he  is  a  Republican,  and  has  acted  as  judge  of  elections.  He  served  one  year  m 
the  Army,  first  in  the  Twenty-first  Pennsylvania  Cavalry  and  afterward  in  the  One  Hun- 
dred and  First  Pennsvlvania  Infantry. 

J.  W.  DIEHL,  farmer,  P.  O.  Gettysburg,  was  born  in  Adams  County.  Penn.,  June  26, 
1828,  a  son  of  Peter  and  Anna  Mary  (Smyser)  Diehl,  natives  of  York  County,  Penn.,  but 
whose  ancestors  came  from  Wurtemberg,  Germany.  Peter  Diehl  was  a  tanner,  a  business 
he  was  engaged  in  from  1821  to  1860.  His  children  were  eleven  in  number,  of  whom  J. 
W.  is  the  third.  Our  subject  was  reared  in  his  native  county,  and  learned  the  tanner's 
trade  with  his  father,  which  occupation  he  followed  for  several  years.  Subsequently  he 
went  into  the  hotel  business,  in  which  he  was  engaged  three  years,  from  1851  to  1854.    He 


0*J&-wk£ 


CUMBERLAND  TOWNSHIP.  401 

carried  on  the  tanning  business  at  dew  0  idtsville,  this  county,  from  1860  to 

1879,  I'ui  subsequent!}  turned  his  attentiot  ad  deals 

extent  in  stoi  k,  but  pi  rforms  manual  I  ibor      His  i  irra  comprisi  3  157  acres.     In 

1861  Mr   Diehl  was  married  to  Isabella  E.,  daughter  of  Willi  rman  de 

■i     V'u 
Morvin  S.;  Ida  K.,  wife  of  James  Ross;    Lnna;  Edwin  J.,   b     tudent  of  Pennsyl- 

umbia  Law  Schoi  il,  I  'olumbia,   Mo.,  prac 
ticing  law  hi  I  'i<>.:  S    May.   I. aura  A.  and  Amber  L.     Mr   Diehl  is  i 

her  ii  I'  iln  •  I.  in  i  in  which  he  is  an  elder,   M  rot  the 

I  u  politics  be  is  a  Republican 
\Y.  F.  EVERHART,  farmer,   P.  0    Gettysburg,  was  bom  in  Highland  Township, 
r  15,  1849,  ason  of  Jacob  and  Elizabeth  (Miller)  Everhart, 
natives  of  York   County,    Penn.,   and  of  German  descent.    Jacob   Everhart, 

through   life,   was  the  father  of  eight   childrc vi W.   F. 

-  reared  on  a  farm,  receiving  liis  education  in  the  i 

■  agricultural  pursuits  as  an  occupation,  al   which  he 

iyed  since  be  was  thirteen  yi  ars  old,  and  is  now  the  owner  of  a  Earm  of  100 

in  1880  he  was  married  to  Elizabeth  Bream,  daughter  of  Francis  Bream,  who  was 

being  at  one  time  sheriff  of  Adams  County      He  was  a  farmer, 

and  sua  imulating  considerable  property,  giving  to  each  of  his  three  sons  the 

farms  ,,n  which  they  reside,  located  in  Cumberland  Township.    To  our  subject  and  wife 

n  born  three  children:  Bessie  May.  Blanche  Elizabeth  and  M.  Virginia      Mr  and 

rhart  are  members  of  Si   Jame    s  Lutheran  Church  in  Gettysburg.     In  politics  be 

is  a   Dl  . 

GEORGE  I'.  EYLER,    P.O.Harney,    Md.,  was    horn    in   Frederick    County,  Md., 

May  6,  1853,  son  of  Perry  and  Anna  Man   Carolina  (Warnfeltz)  Eyler,  natives  of    Marj 

e  father  of  German  and  the  mother  of  English  and  German  extraction.    Perry  E\  ler 

upied  as  a  farmer  through   life  and  is  now  living  retired  in  Harney,  Md. 

born  to  him  seven  children,  of  whom  George  P.   is  the  third.    Our  subject  was 

farm  and  flrsl  attended  the  district  schools,  thru  passed  two  years 

in  Carroll  County  Academy,  with  a  view  of  obtaining  a  classical  education,  but  owing  to 

iith  and  weak  ''\  es  be  wa    compelled  to  abandon  the  idea.     Subsequently  he  took 

of  his  father's  farm,  and  bas  since  been  actively  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits, 

and  also  to  some  extent  bas  been  engaged  in  stock-growing.     In   lvv-'.  be  was  married  to 

bter  of  Abraham  Hesson,  ami  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  of  German 

To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Eyler  have  been  born  two  children:  Lester  Allen  and  George 

Mrs.  Eyler  is  i imber  of  the  Lutheran  Church,  and  Mr.  Eyler  of  the  United 

in  active  interest  in  church  matters,  and  has  served  as  superintend- 

bool  of  i  he  church. 

JOHN  s.  FORNEY,  farmer,  P.  O.  Gettysburg,  was  horn  in  that  town  February   17, 

L880,  a  son  of  Samuel  and  Eliza  (Swope)  Forney;  she  is  a  daughter  of  Henrj  Snope  Swope, 

natives,   the  former  of   Hanover,  York    Co.  Penn.,  and   tin- latter  of    Taneytown  Md., 

of  French  a  extraction,  respectively.    Samuel  and  Eliza  Forney  were  parents 

,     Hen. of  whom  seven  grew  to  manhood  and  womanhood.    John  S.,  who  is  the 

child, was  reared  in  his  native  town,  attending  the  common  schools  and  Pennsyl- 

[n  1849,  in  his  nineteenth  year,  he  went  to  the   far  West,  stopping  one  win- 

-  ilt  Lake  City,  and  proceeding  to  California  in  the  spring,   where  hi 

in  gold  mining.     He  remained  in  California  until  1859,  when  he  returned  to  this  county, 

and  purchased  his  present  farm,  consisting  of  150  acres  of  land,  on  which  he  has  since 

engaged  in  farming  and  stock  raising,  and,  since   is|U.  has  carried  on  a  dairy. 

keeping  twelve  cows.    In  1863,  Mr.  Forney  was  married  to  Man-  E.,  daughter  of  David 

Schriver,  who  was  born  in  this  county  September  33,  1811.     Her  mother'     maiden   name 

was  Susannah   Hartzel,   and   her    ancestors  were  among  the  early  German  settlers  of 

Pennsylvania,  her  grandfather,  John  Schriver  having  been  a  soldier  in  the  war  of   1813, 

Her  parents    are  now  living  on  the  old  home  place,  where  they  were  residing  during 

f  Gettysburg,  being  within  the  rebel  lines.    Gen.  Lee  and  his  men  were  about 

the  place,  and  took  all  their  stock,  as  he  did  of  others,  hut  treated  them  civilly.  Mrs. 
Forney's  brother,  John  S  .  was  a  soldier  in  the  civil  war,  also,  a  member  of  Company  G, 
One  Hundred  and  Thirty-eighth  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry.  To  our 
and  wife  have  been  horn  three  children:  Henrietta  L.,  wife  of  George  Z.  Lower; 
nd  David  J.  The  parents  are  members  of  the  German  Reformed  Church,  of 
which  he  has  been  a  trustee  and  elder,  in  politics  he  is  a  Republican 

JEREMIAH  T.HARTZEL,  farmer  and  dairyman.  P.  0  Gettysburg,  was  horn  in 
Franklin  Township.  Adams  County,  Penn..  January  25,  1849.  a  son  of  Samuel  E.  and 
Hartzel.  Samuel  E.,who  is  the  son  of  George  and  Mary  (P.rame) 
Hartzel,  is  also  a  native  of  this  county,  horn  June  29.  1816.  He  is  Still  a  resident  of  the 
county,  a  fanner  and  stock-raiser.  He  obtained  such  an  education  as  the  rural  district 
schools  of  the  time  afforded,  and  in  1889,  was  married  to  Rebecca  Thomas,  a  lady  of  Ger- 
man descent  and  a  daughter  of  Andrew  Thomas.     Jeremiah  T.  was  reared  on  a  farm   in 

2IA 


402  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

Adams  County,  received  a  fair  common  school  education  and  chose  farming  as  his  occu- 
n  t ion  which  he  has  since  followed,  and  at  which  he  has  been  reasonably  successful, his 
accumulations  being  the  result  of  bis  own  exertions.  In  connection  with  agriculture  since 
1878  lie  has  carried°on  a  dairy,  which  is  known  as  the  Katalysme  dairy,  and  keeps  about 
twenty  cows  on  an  average:  In  1874  he  was  married  to  Olive  E.,  daughter  of  Daniel 
plank  and  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  of  Dutch  descent,  and  to  tins  union  have  been  born 
lohn  Harvey,  Mahlon  Plank.  Charles  K..  Samuel.  Elmer  and  May  Belle.  Mr  and  Mrs. 
Hamel  are  members  of  the  Reformed  Church  at  Gettysburg,  in  which  he  has  bwite 
con  Mr  Hartzel  served  in  1877  as  a  deacon,  tax  collector  in  1878,  school  director  in 
1883   and  as  county  commissioner  in  1885.     In  politics  he  is  a  Republican. 

PAPT  TAMES  HERSH  farmer,  P.  O.  Gettysburg,  was  born  at  New  Oxford,  Adams 
County  Pennanuarv  24,  1833.  a  son  of  George  and  Nancy  (McClellan)  Hersh  (the  lat- 
tera  sfster of  Col.  McOlellan.  of  Gettysburg)  natives  of  Pennsylvania.  His  lather  was  of 
German  origin  and  early  in  life  a  merchant,  but  later  a  farmer^  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Lutheran  Church,  and  in  politics  was  first  a  Whig  and  then  a  Republican  His  death  oc- 
curredm  1871  James  Hersh,  who  is  ninth  in  a  family  of  fourteen  children,  twe  ye  of 
whom  grew  to  maturity,  was  reared  on  the  farm  and  wisely  chose  the  latter  occupation  of 
his  father  f..r  a  life  work.  He  obtained  a  fair  education  in  the  common  schools  of  Ins 
neighborhood  and  in  New  Oxford  Academy.  On  the  breaking  out  of  the  civil  war  he  en- 
s  fd  in  Company  I.  Eighty-seventh  Regiment.  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry,  and 
Se  t,n  ei  1™  18»il.  was  promoted  to  the  office  of  second  lieutenant  of  the  company. 
and  March  1,  1863,  to  that  of  quartermaster  of  the  regiment.  He  was  captured  and  made 
prisoner  June  15,  same  year,  at  Winchester,  Va„  and  was  confined  nine  months  in 
Libbv  prison.  He  was  exchanged  and  joined  his  regiment  at  Cold  Harbor, Jz^unel 
186 1."  and  was  discharged  from  the  service  at  expiration  of  his  term.  OH^.ei  13  1864.  He 
has  since  followed  farming,  excepting  while  sheriff  of  Adams  County,  from  1872  to  1875. 
The  captan grows  and  deals  in  fine  stock,  and  has  done  much  to  improve  all  kinds  of 
stock  Uir-h  his  portion  of  the  State.  He  raises  and  deals  in  thoroughbred  and  trotting 
horses  ml  Jersey  'cattle.  In  the  hog  line  he  gives  attention  to  the  Poland-China  and 
Beilsh  re  breeds'  and  among  his  poultry  can  be  found  the  Bronze  turkey,  the  Peiin  duck 
and  the  Leghorn  and  Plymouth  Rock  chickens.  He  farms  600  acres  of  well-improved 
land  In  1880  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  convention  at  Chicago,  which  nominated  James  A 
Garfield  for  president,  beinf  one  of  the  famous  306  that  voted  for  Gen.  Grant,  and  holding 
theme  la  which  was  g  yen  him  in  honor  of  the  event.and  winch  he  appreciates  very  highly. 
Capt  Hersh  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.;also  of  the  National  Guards  ol  Pennsylvania, 

WithrcnRT?RTklVIf  B  LIILL  farmer  P.  O.  Green  Mount,  was  born  in  Liberty  Township. 
idams  Co  Perm  May  5.  1822,  a  son  of  Martin  and  Jane  (Johnston)  Hill  also  natives  of 
Adams  County  and  of  Scotch-Irish  origin.  Martin  Hill  was  a  farmer  through  life  and 
wasfte  father  of  four  children,  of  whom  Robert  M.  B.  is  the  youngest  Our  subject  was 
reared  on  lis  father's  farm,  and  received  a  common  school  education.  In  early  manhood 
he  went  O  McLean  County,  111.,  where  for  three  jears  he  was  engaged  in  the  butchering 
business  at'  er  which  he  returned  to  Pennsylvania,  and  located  in  Franklin  County,  and 
embarked  in  Ui7  dry  goods  trade.  After  remaining  in  the  business  one  year  he  returned 
tHdams  County  and lengag;  d  in  the  nursery  business  as  traveling  salesman,  in  which  he 
reman  -d  tw  years,  since  when  he  has  made  farming  his  occupation  He  owns  the  tarn, 
on  whuh  he  now  resides,  and  has  himself  accumulated  the  most  of  what  be  possesses 
in  1875  he  was  married  to  Levina  Hess,  daughter  of  Jonathan  Hess,  a  native  of  Fulton 
County    Peln  ;  she  is  of  Scotch-Irish  descent.     Mr.  and  Mis.  Hill  are  members  of  the 

Pr('SWltLLIAM1Cr<LOTT  ia°rmer  P.O.Stewffi  bom  in  Mountpleasant  Town- 
shipAdamt  Co. Penn.^Mar^  IB. i829,  son  of  William  H  and  Ester  (Wilson)  Lott.  na- 
tives of  Pennsylvania,  and  of  Scotch,  Holland  and  English  descent  The  father,  who  was 
a  farmer  1,  occupation,  departed  this  life  March  30.  1885,  at  the  advanced  age  of  nearly 
eiehtv-s  x  yea rs  haying  been  the  father  of  eight  children,  six  of  whom  grew  to  maturity. 
Wm  C  th fourth  child,  passed  the  early  years  of  his  life  on  the  farm  with  Ins  parents 
and  at  the  district  school  obtained  a  fair  English  education.  On  reaching  Ins  maturity  lie 
began a  pre iticeship  at  the  miller's  trade,  at  which  he  served  eighteen  months  in  two 
dffferent  mills  namely  Senft's  and  Holder's,  situated  on  the  Little  Conowago  Creek,  in 
Adam  'ou  v  Penn  After  becoming  free  of  his  apprenticeship  he  came  to  dumber  and 
County.  Peum  and  continued  in  the  milling  business  there  about  foui -years; ■  &*£  ««" 
movel  West  and  engaged  in  the  same  line  for  a  short  time  in  Iowa  and  Indiana.  He  then 
reulrnel  East  id  followed  milling  in  Adams  County.  Penn.,  spending  in  all  some  sev- 
enteen years  of  his  life  in  that  business,  and  since  then  has  devoted  his  time  to  farming. 
He  owns  the  farm  on  which  he  now  resides.  February  25,  1858,  Mr  Lott  was  married  to 
DehoTah  Wolf  daughter  of  Jacob  Wolf,  of  Cumberland  County,  Penn..  of  German  de- 
fcenr  To  them  al'een  born  three  children:  Ella  May.  William  Jacob  and  Charles 
Winfield  (the  latter  died  when  nearly  one  year  old).  William  Jacob  is  a  resident  of  Kan- 
sas     T family  is  identified  with  the  United  Presbyterian  Church  of  Gettysburg,  of 


CUMBERLAND   TOWNSHIP.  W3 

which  Mr.  Lotl  is  a  trustee.    In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat;  he  has  served  as  township 

"  JAMES  II  McCULLOUGH,  farmer  nearGettj  sburg,  was  bom  in  Franklin  Township. 
^.damsCo  Penn  October  6,  1849  a  son  of  James  ami  J i  Cobean)  McCullough.  na- 
tive (lt   \,i,m-  i  .Minn  .  Penn.,  and  of  Scotch  Irish  origin.    The  father  was  a  tiller  of  the 

i   four  children,  of  whom  James  H   is  the  youngesl      Our  subject 
manhood  on  the  farm,  attended   the  common  schools  and  the  preparatorj   depurimenl 
College,  and  settled  down  as  a  farmer,  which  occupation  be  still  pursues, 
wnerof  a  well  improved  farm  of  ninety-four  acres  of  land.     November  19,  1874, 
he  was  married  to  Mary  Elizabeth   Reid,  of  Scotch  Irish  descent,  a  Lndrev* 

l-,.i,l  afarmerby  occupation.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  McCullough  have  five  children:  James  R., 
William  \  j  in  I  ,  Samuel  H.  and  John  E.  The  parents  are  consistent  members  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church  at  Gettysburg.     In  politics  Mr.  McCullough  is  a  Republican 

I'M  WIT  I.  PLANK,  proprietor  of  the  Star  Roller  Mills,  P.  O.  Gettysburg,  was  born 
in  Highland  Township,  Adams  Co  .  Penn  .  February  9,  1845,  a  son  of  Jacob  and  Sarah 
(Forney)  Plank  both  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  of  German  descent,  the  former  born  in 
[804  and  the  latter  in  1806;  both  now  living  Thej  reared  seven  children,  of  whom 
Emanuel  is  the  sixth  in  order.  Our  subject  grew  up  on  a  farm  and  received  such  instruc 
tion  as  the  schools  ol   the  district  afforded,  and  until  1888  was  occupied  in  farming.     In 

,1,  ,i  V(  ar  he  bi i  operating  the  star  Flouring  Mills,  which,   since  then,  has  been  fully 

equipped  with  rollers.    The  mill,  when  Mr.  Plank  purchased  it,  bad  depr ted  consid 

erabh  but  in  its  improved  condition,  and  through  the  efforts  of  us  owner,  now  commands 
an  extensive  patronage.  In  1864  Mr.  Plank  married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  John  Socks, 
of  German  origin,  and  to  them  have  been  born  the  following  children:  Lama 
Levi  Renicker  Charles  A.,  Emory  11  and  Sally.  The  parents  are  members  oi  the  Ger 
,,',;m  Reformi  d  Church.  In  politics  Mr.  Plank  is  a  Democrat.  Be  has  held  the  offices  oi 
school  director,  tax  collector  and  assessor. 

RAPH  \KI.  SIIF.UFY  i  deceased)  was  born  in  Cumberland   rownship,  Adams  (  o., 
Penn  June  36   1843   a  bod  of  Joseph  and  Mary  (Hagen)  Sherfy,  natives  of  Adams  Coun- 
ty   the  former  of  German,  the  lattei  of  Scotch-Irish  descent,     They  reared  six  children, 
of 'whom  Raphael  is  the  eldest.    Our  subject,  not  liking  farm  work,  ami  having  a  tasti 
for  bo  >ks   while  attending  the  district  schools  prepared  himself  to  teach,  and  in  that  pro 
work  in  life  for  himself.     Young   Sherfy  was  emra-ed  m    i 
rm8|  w  ,|,  the  object  in  view  of  obtaining  a  classical  education,  in  which,  however, 
he  was  thwarted  by  a  loss  with  which  his  parents  met  in  the  destruction  ol  their  barn  by 
er  which  it  was  thought  that  the  means  necessary  for  an  education  could  not  be 
expended;  but  Mr.  Sherfy,  being  ambitious  and  industrious,  devoted  ins  3pare  "me  in 
canvassing  foi  ...    ,\.  and  b  ling  well  know  n  and  of  nigh  standing,  and  having 

•i  large  circle  of  friends,  he  was  generally  successful.  He  seldom  failed  in  any  enterprise 
rtook.  lie  hked  i,i  work  among  the  tree-,  and  made  the  nurserj  and  growing  ol 
fruit  his  business  he  also  look  an  interest  in  bee  culture,  and  was  meeting  with  marked 
success  in  both  until  hi-  death,  which  occurred  in  1882.  He  was  a  member  of  the  German 
Baptist  Church.  In  1871  Mr.  Sherfy  was  married  to  Miss  Ellen,  daughter  ol  Jon 
Mary  (Hartman)  Reberl  both  of  German  descent:  former  afarmer  and  a  native  of  York 
County  Penn.,  latter  born  in  this  county.  To  our  subject  and  wife  were  horn  the  follow 
ing  named  children:  Mary  Gertrude,  Annie  Rebert,  Bertha  Otelia,  Carrie  Belle  and  Ra 
phael  Mrs  Sherfy  is  a  member  of  the  German  Baptist  Church.  Since  the  death  ol  Mr 
Sherfy  the  widow  has  had  full  charge  of  the  nursery  and  fruit-growing  farm,  which  -he 
duels  Six  acres  Of  the  farm  are  given  to  the  nursery:  fruits  are  grown  on  the 
laud,  a  portion  of  which  is  a  peach  orchard  of  fifteen  acres.    The  buildings  upon  the 

are    neat  and  substantial.  . 

tiKoKCF  sp\\i;I.KK,  retired  fanner,  P,  O.  Gettysburg, was  born  mStraban  town- 
ship this  county  December  19.  1815,  a  son  of  Abraham  and  Mary  (Knupp)  Spanglet 
natives  of  Pennsylvania  and  of  German  descent,  the  former  a  farmer  by  occupation 
Abraham  and  Mary  Spangler  were  the  parents  of  ten  children,  all  ol  whom  grew  to  man 
hood  and  womanhood,  George  being  the  eldest.  Our  Bubject  grew  upon  a  farm  and 
received  such  an  education  as  was  obtainable  at  the  schools  of  his  district,  and  has  since 

i  upation  of  his  life.      Bv  - 1  management,  economy  and   mdusiry 

Mr  Spangler  has  succeeded  in  acquiring  a  competency  sufficient  to  comfortably 
himself  and  life  companion  in  their  declining  years,  and  has  given  to  his  children  a  good 
start  in  life      March  26,  1841,  he  was  married  to  Elizabeth  Brinkerhoff,  daughter  o    <  >> 
nelius  and  Elizabeth   Snyder)  Brinkerhoff,  natives  of  Pennsylvania  and  ol  Holland  Dutch 
and  German  descent,  respectively.    To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Spangler  have  been  born  the  follow 

injr  named  children:  Harriet  J.,  wife  of  Samuel  Swartz;  Sabina  Catherine,  wife  Of  Will 
iam    Patterson    a  farmer  of  Cumberland    Township,  this  county,  who  served    ill    Ihelln. 

Hundred  and  First  R  rimi  nt,  Pi  nnsylvania  Volunteer  [nfantry,  in  the  civil  war;  Daniel 
who  is  en-aired  iii  the  carpenter  business  in  the  West ;  and  B.  J.,  a  farmer  of  Cumberland 
Township  who  in  1876,  was  married  to  Sally  M.  Conover,  who  bore  him  one  child,  Mar\ 
E      B  J  votes  as  does  his  father,  the  Democratic  ticket,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Lutheran 


404  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

Church,  to  which  his  parents  belong.    George  Spangler  has  been  an  elder  in  this  church 
for  many  years   and  his  son,  15.  J.,  has  been  a  deacon  in  the  same  church. 

TAMES  \Y  VRKEX,  M.  D.,  near  Gettysburg,  was  born  in  Strausburg,  Lancaster  (  o.. 
Penn  April  4  1813,  a  son  of  James  Warren  and  a  grandson  of  James  Warren.  James 
l,eiii"-'a  lav. .rile  name  of  the  family.  James  Warren,  the  second,  was  bora  in  Chester 
County  Penn  .  of  Scotch-Irish  ancestry,  and  married  Catherine  Aument,  a  native  ot 
Lancaster  County  and  of  German  descent,  and  to  their  union  were  born  eleven  children. 
He  was  a  blacksmith  by  trade,  and  performed  service  in  the  war  of  1812.  _  Our  subject 

was  the  third  child  and' grew  to  manh 1  in  his  native  town,  where  he  obtained  his  liter- 

,n  education.  His  medical  education  was  obtained  in  Jefferson  Medical  College,  where 
he  graduated  in  1885.  After  his  graduation  he  located  as  a  practitioner  in  his  native 
county  where  he  was  so  occupied  for  seven  years.  He  then  removed  to  York  County, 
where  he  remained  in  active  practice  of  his  profession  for  nearly  twenty-five  years.  In 
1876  he  came  to  Adams  County  and  located  on  a  farm  near  < iettysburg.  and  has  here  con- 
tinued practice.  Dr.  Warren  has  been  twice  married;  first,  in  183o,  to  Harriet  Black  a 
daughter  of  James  Black,  a  surveyor,  and  to  this  union  were  horn  two  children:  Arabella 
(deceased)  and  Beatrice  (wife  of  Brice  Clark).  The  mother  of  these  children  died  in  1843, 
and  in  1845  the  Doctor  was  married  to  Eliza  Lutman,  a  daughter  of  John  Lutman,  a 
firmer  She  is  of  English  and  German  origin.  Her  maternal  grandfather.  Samuel  Liu 
ton  (an  Englishman  bv  birth),  served  in  the  Federal  Army  during  the  entire  Revolution 
arv  war  and  never  received  a  pension,  for  which  he  applied  in  the  year  lHcSor  thereabout. 
as  he  did  not  survive  to  receive  any.  By  the  latter  marriage  the  Doctor  has  had  four 
children:  Lucius  A.,  a  physician  of  Lancaster.  Penn.;  Everard  P..  a  physician,  of  Golds- 
borough,  York  Co..  Penn.;  John  C,  a  practicing  physician  in  Adams  County,  and 
Evanfabell  Mrs.  Warren  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  Dr.  \\  arreu 
cast  Ins  first  presidential  vote  for  Gen.  Jackson,  and  since  the  war  of  the  Rebellion  has 

eeVlLLIAM  WIBLE  farmer,  P.  O.  Gettysburg,  was  bornin  Straban  Township,  Adam- 
Co  Penn  November:]  1825,  and  is  of  German  descent.  He  was  reared  in  this  county, 
where  he  received  a  common  school  education,  and  engaged  in  farming,  which  in  the 
main  has  been  bis  vocation.  lie  started  out  in  the  world  a  poor  boy,  but  by  industry  and 
economy  has  succeeded  in  accumulating  a  competency,  his  acres  at  one  time  numbering 
over '323  a  portion  ot  which  he  recently  sold  to  the  Battlefield  Memorial  Association, 
which  leaves  him  a  farm  of  195  acres  of  well  improved  land.  Much  of  the  second  day  s_ 
battle  of  July,  1863.  was  fought  on  his  farm.  Mr.  Wible  is  a  reading  man,  and  is  one  of 
Adams  County's  most  enterprising  and  intelligent  citizens.  In  1849  he  was  married  to  lios- 
anna  Elizabeth  Boyer,  of  German  origin,  and  to  them  have  been  born  seven  children  who 
arc  now  living:  George,  a.  farmer;  Charles  Philip;  Kent  Kane,  a  resident  of  California 
and  a  graduate  of  Pennsylvania  College;  Henry  Baugher,  a  carpenter  and  farmer;  David 
Buehler.  William  Frederick  and  Cora  Boyer.  The  parents  are  members  of  the  Lutheran 
Church  in  which  Mr.  Wible  has  been  a  deacon  and  an  elder  for  twenty-hve  years;  he  also 
acted  in  the  capacity  of  superintendent  of  the  Sunday-school.  He  has  served  as  a  school 
director.     He  is  a  Master  Mason.     In  politics  a  Republican. 

W  VSIIINGTON  W  WITHEROW,  millerand  farmer,  P.  0.  Green  Mount,  born  neai 
Fairfield  Adams  Co.,  Penn. .February  22, 1833.  is  a.  son  of  David  and  Nancy  (W  alker)  Y\  lth- 
erow  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  and  of  Scotch-Irish  descent.  His  father  was  amdl-wright  by 
trade  and  in  earlv  life  pursued  that  occupation,  but  later  followed  farming.  He  died 
when  our  subject  was  fourteen  years  old.  He  had  six  children,  all  of  whom  grew  to  maturity. 
Washington  W.  being  the  fifth.  Our  subject  was  reared  on  the  farm,  attended  the  com- 
mon schools, .f  Fairfield,  and  worked  at  both  farming  and  milling  until  I860,  when  he 
bought  the  mill  and  property  and  has  since  carried  on  the  business  himself.  In  purchas- 
ing this  mill  he  bought  out  the  heirs,  and  settled  a  matter  that  had  been  in  litigation  foi 
upward  of  forty  years.  In  the  mill  are  two  sets  of  buhrs,  one  for  grinding  chop  feed, 
and  another  for  making  flour;  and  attached  to  it  is  a  small  mill.  In  con  nection  with  the 
milling  business,  Mr.  Witherow  is  engaged  in  farming.  In  1863  he  enlisted  in  Company 
B  in  a  re-iment  of  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  served  as  a  non-commissioned  officer 
until  he  was  honorably  discharged  in  1864.  In  1861  Mr.  Witherow  was  married  to  Mary 
Crooks,  of  Scotch  Irish  origin,  daughter  of  Rev.  Robert  Crooks,  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  and  to  them  were  born  seven  children:  Margaret  Danner;  Joseph  Stewart,  w-ho 
is  a  miller  and  superintends  the  mill;  Emmet  Williams  (deceased).  Robert  Crooks,  at  ai- 
mer; David  Walker,  Emma  Elizabeth,  Mary  Louisa  (deceased).  The  family  is  identified 
with  the  Presbyterian  Church. 


PR  WKl.lN  TOWNSHIP.  105 


CHAPTER    LIII. 

FRANKLIN  TOWNSHIP. 

REV.   D.   M.   BLACKWELDER,  P.  O.   Arendtsville,  was  born   November  38,    1880 

\    O,  a  s •;    Reuben  and  Catherine  I  Lipe)  Blackwelder,  who  were  own 

era  of  the  plantation  on  which  our  subjecl  was  reared.  Both  his  maternal  and  pater- 
nal ancestors  ven  natives  of  Lancaster  County,  Penn.,  and  when  quite  young  settled 
in  Cabarrus  i  lounty,  X.  C.,  prior  to  the  Revolution.  They  all  reared  large  families  and 
lived  to  advanced  ages.     To  Reuben  and  i  Blackwelder  thirteen  children  were 

born,  of  whom  Rev   1>.  M.  is  the  second  son.    Our  subjecl  received  his  classical  education 
at  Roanoke  College,  Virginia,  and  graduated  in  June,  1857.     [n  October  of  that  year  lie 
entered  the  theological  seminary,  I  leltysburg,  Penn.,  and  graduated  in  June,  1859.    <  >n  the 
15th  of  Septembei  following,  he  was  licensed  to  preach  bj  the  West   Pennsylvania  Synod 
at   Hanover,  Penn. ;  was  called  to  his  Brsl  pastorate  at  Pumnria,  Newberrj  Co.,  S  C,   in 
ier,   1859,  and  was  ordained  at   Newberry  Court  House  October  28,1860,   i>\   the 
lical  Lutheran  Synod  of  South  Carolina.     March  2,  i860,  be  married  Miss  Jane  O, 
daughti  r  ol  John  McCleary  (deceased),  of  Gettj  sburg,  Penn     The  bride  accompanied  her 
to  her  Southern  bom      -  hi  re    he  was  warmly  greeted  by  the  people  as  the  wifo 
of  their  pastor.     During  the  civil  war,  which  brought  such  ruin  and  desolation  to  the 
South,  they  remained  at  their  post,  true  to  their  country's  flag,  on  which  account,  perse 
cutions  and  indignities  were  heaped  upon  them.     Ai  the  close  of  the  war  they  returned  to 
irg,  and  Mr.  Blackwelder  took  charge  at  New  Chester,  Adams  Co  ,  Penn.,  Decern 
ber  18,  1SI'>">.     Fifteen  months  later,  he  was  called  to  the  York  Springs  charge,    Ldiuii 
County,  Penn  .  where  he  labored  three  years.     In  1870  he  took  charge  of  the  MifHingtown 
in   Juniata  County,  Penn.,  where  he  remained  six  years:  thence  to  Upper  Stras 
burg,   Franklin   Co..   Penn..   where  he  remained   fifteen   months.     Re  look  his  present 
rune  15,  1877.     Eight  children  were  horn  to  Rev.  Mr.  Blackwelder  and  wife:    The 
Edwin  E  .  was  horn  and  died   in  South  Carolina;  Willie  A.  died  al  York  Springs; 
the  living  are   (   one  |.  .  Ernest  T  .  Maggie  M  .  Charles  G..  Annie  M.,  and    Luther  1). 
Carrie  L.  is  a  graduate  of   Hagerstown  Female  Seminary,  Maryland;  Maggie  M    will  also 

graduate  there:  and  the  eldest  two  sons  are  now  students  of  Pennsylvania  College,  GttlJ  - 

burg.  Rev.  Mr.  Blackwelder  has  attained  a  position  of  usefulness  in  his  profession;  his 
labors  have  been  greatly  blessed  in  the  conversion  of  souls  and  the  glory  of  God. 

SAMUEL  BUCHER,    farmer,    P.  0.   Mummasburg,  was  horn   November  31,   1819. 
His  great  grandfather,  more  than  200  years  ago,  settled  on  a  farm  in  York  County,  near 

i  he  Adams  County  line. on  the  farm  winch  has  descended  direct!)    from  that    ancestor  and 

is  yet  owned  by  Jacob  Bucher,  one  of  his  lineal  decendants.  Upon  that  tract  flvegeneru 
lions  were  born  and  six  have  lived.  The  authentic  history  of  this  family  begins  with 
Michael,  the  grandfather  of  our  subject,  who  married  Elizabeth  Carr,  and  to  whom  were 

born  John,  Michael,  Jacob,  Mary  and  Elizabeth.    The  latter,  tin 1\  one  now  living 

sides  in  York  ( lounty,  aged  eighty  five  years;  the  eldest  son,  John,  the  father  of  Samuel, 
married,  about  lslh.  Barbara  Driver,  and  apart  of  the  ancestral  farm  became  his  pntri 
mony.  There' he  ami  his  wife  remained  during  life,  and  the  new  house  was  built  across 
the  line  in  Adams  County.  They  reared  the  following  children;  Samuel.  Elizabeth,  John, 
Michael,  Maria,  Anna  and  Barbara,     May  14,  1846,  Samuel  married  Anna  M.  Crowd.     In 

IS!'.'  he  purchased  his  present  farm,  on  which  is  located  one  of  the  oldest  tanneries  in  the 

tip,  and  for  thirty  years  has  carried  on  the  business  of  tannine      To  our  subjecl  and 
wife  seven  children  have  been  born:  David  M.,  Mary,  Jacob  F.,  Elizabeth  I      George  E., 

Sarah  E.  and  Samuel  Gilbert;  four  are  still  living,     .laeoh  F.  married  Fannie,  a  dan 

Levi  Mus  I    imberland  County,  whose  hist  or  \  will  be  seen  in  another  part  of  this 

volume:  Sarah  became  I  he  w  ife  off  i  frant  Shook,  of  Franklin  ( lounty.  Mr.  Bucher  has  in 
hisposs  the  oldest   Bibles  in  Adams  County,  date  of  1786,    He  is  one  of  the 

best-known  men  of  Franklin  Township,  ami  hear-  a  name  which  has  never  been  linked  to 

Buchers  have  for  many  years  been  members  of  the  Me mite  Church,  hut 

Mr-.  Bucher  belongs  to  the  Lutheran  Church. 

GEORGE  COLE,  farmer  and  postmaster,  P.  O.  Trust,  is  a  nati1  iy.     His 

father  G  to   Buchanan  Valley,  from  near  Chambersburg,  Franklin  County, 

in  1840;  ii  el  'een  twice  married,  an. I  his  first  wife,  Margaret  (Krug)  Cole,  bore  him  three 
children:  .laeoh.  Margaret  and  Martin.    After  her  death  he  married  Elizabeth  Geltz,  whu 


406  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

became  the  mother  of  the  following:  George  (our  subject).  John,  Francis  and  Barbara, 
oora^n  Germany,  and  Elizabeth,  born  in  America.    They  emigrated  from  Berkenour, 

in  Hesse  Darmstadt.   Germany,  in  1830.  making  Franklin  County  their  stopping  place 
v  ,  „,,.     i,  '  father  was  a  cooper,  which  he  also  taught  his  sons,  George   and  John,  and 
after  his  dea       tl  cv  established  a  shop  on  the  homestead.     They  were  both  married 
on  [he  same  day,  October  1,  1843,  to  daughters  of   George   and   Elizabeth  (Bittmger) 
Stoasbaugh^George  to  Nancv  and  John  to  Sarah-the  ceremony  being  performed  by 
He       Mel   rel   Dou-he.tv.      Both    eom.neneed    life   under    the    same    root    on    the   Cole 
homestea      1  avhV  Elizabeth  and  Francis  with   them,  and  this  pleasant  relation  lasted 
?u    ccn     c     s      To  our  subject  were  born  Jacob  J.,  Josephine  E..  Mary  A     Sarah  J    and 
Na^cv  J  (twins),  Mary  L.,  Elizabeth  and  John  Francis,  by  his  first  wit.-;  after  whose 
death Ye'mTrried   January  9,  1865,  Eli/.abch  Young,  who  bore  him  Francs  X..  George 
E     John   I  and  Mary  E.      Mr..  Elizabeth  Cole  died  December  11.  1870    and  June  19    1871, 
Mr  Cole  married  his  third  wife.  Sarah  A.  Xoel.     To  this  union  one  child  (deceased)  was 
born      During  his  long  business  career  Mr.  Cole  has  been  a  large  land  owner  and  has 
made  many TmprovemJnts  in  this  beautiful  valley.     Alwaj  -  a  man  ol  en^rpnse  Ins  la  ge 
family  were  taught  to  work,  and  are  to-day  rising  business  men  and  women  ot  Adams 
'   u   tv       Miss  Jennie  S     his  youngest  daughter,  mana-es  the  .tore,  being  well  versed  in 
thereL  bnsiness  and  is  assistant  in  the  p"ostofflce.     Only  three  o    his  hrst  wife's  chil- 
e,   ■    e  n   w  Uviu..-:  Jacob.  Mary  and  Jennie.     In  1840  there  were  but  tew  Catholics  and 
on  y  the  wall  of  a  church  here,  and  the  Coles  were  mainly    nstrumer ,  al  in  puUmg  the 
church  upon  the  substantial  basis  it   now  occupies,  contributing  largeh    with   then   lime 
an     means      Mr   Ge..,-e  (.'ole  was   president  of   the  committee  of  twenty  horsemen   that 
we  e n  e and  e  cor  ed "lit.  Rev.  John  Newman,  bishop  of  Philadelphia,  who  came  to    Ins 
church         .minister   the  sacrament  of  confirmation.     When  the  procession  came  Wlthm 
a  mile  of  the  church  a  signal  was  given  by  the  tiring  of  a  gun,  and  the  church  bell  was 
rungun  il  tne  Wshop  arrived  a,  the  church     When  he  entered  the  church  the  organ  was 
played  and  tic  choir  sang:   Gross,  r  Gott,  wir  lob,  n  Dich  (Great  God  we  praise  Tee- 
declared  that  was  the  most  royal  reception  ever  given  him  in  America      Mr.  Cole  was  a 
coined 1  pos  master  of  the  first   postoffice  in  Buchanan  Valley,  established  June  19,  1886 
Mr '  Sarah  ( ' ' lV  is  one  of  eleven  children,  all  living,  and  her  parents  celebrated  their  golden 
weddi'i"  Mav  '-'0,  1S30.     Both  are  now  deceased.  rp„„. 

fnl.1  COLE,  a  resident  of  Buchanan  Valley.  Franklin  Township,  P.  O.  Trust 
was  born  n  Buchanan  Valley,  this  county,  March  2,  1845,  and  is  a  son  of  George  and  Xancv 
(Stras  a i  "i )  (  de  lie  attended  school  during  the  winter  season  up  to  the  age  of  twenty- 
wo  and  a!  fourteen  he  commenced  to  learS  the  business  of  a  ^«=  a°d  sawyer 
which  he  still  follows.  At  the  age  of  twenty  six  he  married  Miss  Josephine  K uk  ■ 
uino-htcr  of  John  Rider  of  Tanevtown.  They  have  eight  children.  Edward  J.,  trances 
I  Xv  J  Ellen C  Fleming  C.  Joseph  K..  Thomas  J..  Sara  M.  ( Pearl).  Mr.  Cole  is  a  Dem- 
ocrat He  Uke"  a  prominent  part  and  interest  in  the  public  enterprises  and  aflairs.of  his 
Vicinity'  and  kindly  furnished  many  articles  tor  the  history  of  Buchanan  Valley,  m  this 
volume,  and  also  of  the  Church  of  St.  Ignatius.  „„„.i„„,„r,  tjVpH 

JOHN  H.  DIEHL,  teacher,  Cashtown.  Thegltat-grandfather  of  this  gent eman,  Fnd- 
erick  Diehl,  is  the  first  one  of  the  family  of  whom  any  information  can  be  gleaned  His 
son  Jacob  was  born  in  1768,  and  married  Christina  Bosserman.  who  was  born  the  same 
year  They  resided  near  Gettysburg  during  life,  and  reared  a  family  of  eight  children 
John,  Jacob,  Daniel  and  Frederick  "twins),  Mary,  Sarah,  Susan  and Eliza  who w^  aU 
born  on  the  farm,  now  the  property  of  John  Trostle  on  Rock  Creek.  The  1  lehls  w  ere 
residents  of  Adams  before  it  was  created  a  county,  and  Frederick  the  fa  hei  »  » 
ec  and  a  fanner  was  born  in  1807.  He  married,  in  1836.  Matilda  Black,  a  daughle.  .1 
SesCwho  was  born  in  1781,  and  Jane  ^amilton)  Black,  and  gran,  ^--'^P \ 
Henrv  Black  of  the  Revolutionary  war.  William  Hamilton,  grandfathei  ot  Mis.  Uieni, 
married L  Mary  M Bittfnger,  whose  father.  Nicholas  Bittinger.  was  taken  prisoner  during 
be  Reliutionary  war.  'These  parents  had  twelve |  «en:  Margare  then- ^  figh- 
ter was  born  while  her  father  was  a  prisoner  in  the  hands  of  the  British.  September  ai, 
m6  John"  birth,  in  1778,  was  followed  by  the  births  of  Florence  and  Jane  (twms  Wil  - 
iam,  Joseph,  Enoch.  James.  Robert,  George  (who  was  born  m  ,W  nd  is  stil In .. 
David  and  Jesse.  The  Hamiltons  and  Blacks  both  lived  near  Get .tj  sburg  udm 
anion,  the  first  white  residents  of  what  is  now  tins  county.  .  A[ V  n  ,1  ,  ■  rn.l'therc  the ir 
Diehl  and  wife  moved  to  a  farm  near  Cashtown  which  is  still  in  his  name  and  there  their 
six  children  were  born  and  reared:  Cleopatra.  Van  Buren,  Jane  A.,  James  John  H.  and 
Oscar  DAU  ale  "married  except  John' H  subject  who  has  or  several  years  been  a 
teacher  in  this  county.  His  brothers,  Van  Buren  and  James,  also  his  eldest  .-lslci,  wcie 
eachers  Thedeathof  the  father  occurred  April  1,  1883,  at  which  time  he  and  his  we 
were  living  in  retirement  in  Cashtown.  During  the  occupation  ot  this  ne gbborhooc  1  b> 
the  Confederates,  their  farm  was  guarded,  and  very  little  damage,  was  ur  ne J s^  D ^ > 
and  her  daughter  were  active  in  furnishing  provisions  tor  the  soldiers  and  therebj  secured 
protection  until  the  fight,  when  considerable  property  was  taken  bj  he  Rebels  Acorn 
petency  has  been  secured  the  widow,  and  all  the  children  are  engaged  in  tanning. 


FRANKLIN  TOWNSHIP.  I(l' 

JOHN  11    DULL  was  born  January  36,1841.     Hie  grandfather.  Jacob  Dull,  resided 
tor  man]  years  iD  the  Pigeon  Hills,  fork  County,  Penn.     He  married  a  Miss  Heilman  and 

,.,..„.,.,!  a  .  ,d  four  daughters,  and  Joseph,  one  ol  the  sons  (the  father  oi 

our  subject)  was  born   in   Xork  County,  married  Eliza  Quick*  litei   ol  John  and 

icltel    an(3  moved  to  a  small  farm  neai    Biglerville.  where  John  II    w  i 

d  b]    bis  uncle  from  a  mere  lad  I anh  rlj  in  the  civil 

362,  be  enlisted  in  Companj  F,  One  Hundred  and  Sixty  ail 
p  unsylvania   Volunteer   Infantry,    and  served  faithfully  until  his  term  ol 

returned  1 le     Sepiembi  -   i,  1869   hi  married  Susan,  dau 

abeth  roner)Myers.  Her  parents  reared  the  following  children 
ana  Elizabeth.John.Jacob.Levi  J.  (a  miller  in  Ohio),  and  Mary.in  Franklin  pown 
ship  this  count]  John  and  Jacob  are  business  men  ol  ^dams  County,  and  the  entire  family 
are  people  ol  unquestionable  reputation.  Mr.  Dull's  only  sister,  Rebecca  J.,  became  the 
To  Mr.  andMra  Hull  twodaughters  bave  been  born  Katy  B. 
and  Mary  V  and  a  more  courteous,  social  familj  i  an  nol  be  found  in  Franklin  Tov.  asbip; 
Mr  Dull  was  elected  constable  in  1883,  and  re  elected  in  L884,  ailing  theofflce  with  ability. 
'ln  [ggg  ,,  for  carrj  ing  the  United  States  mail  between  Arendtsville  and 

iosition  be  -till  holds.     Nol  an  acl  of  dishonest]    ba 
o  his  public  or  private  record,  and  all  thai  be  has  was  bonestl]  earned  bj  bimsell 
and  his  faithful  wife.     Honesty,  sobriet]  and  energy  have  brought  with  them  legitimate 
results  and  in  a  home  of  then- own  resides  this  family,  who  are  worthy  to  rank  am 

.  ,  .  .  ,ship.     Alter  the  death  of  his  wife,  Joseph,    father  of   our  subject, 
went  west,  where  he  married  again  i    the  father  of  two  daughters  and  one  son, 

but  whose  names  and  location  are  unknown. 

EDWARD   K    HARTMAN    farmer,  P.O.  Arendtsville,  was  born  on  the  old  Man- 
sion farm  January  18  'I  Eli  and  Elizabeth  (Bear)  Hartman,  who  were  parents 
children:  Edward  F.,  I. rah  E.,  wife  of  Amos  A.  Rebert,  and  Lydia  A. 
,  ittle  a  buggy-builder  of  this  township.    Tin- early  history  oi  the  Hartman  family 
is  an  interesting  one,  and  may  be  read  in  the  sketch  of  Noah  Hartman.    Eh  was  a  farmer, 
and  lived  on  the  Mansion  farm,  now-  owned  b]   his  son,  which  has  been  in  possession  oi 
the  Hartmans   since   1740  and    where  Ave  generations  were  horn,     I  he  death  oi   .Mrs, 
th  Hartman  occurred  March  5,  1886,  she  being  aged  sixty-six  years.     Eli  Hartman 
retired  life  i  The  Hartmans  have  been  noted  agnculutrists,  and 
have  devoted  special  attention  to  such  pursuits.     February  11,  1873,  Edward  F.  Hartman 
married  Miss  Eleanora,  daughter  of  Cornelius  and  Elizabeth  Spahr,  the  former  ol  Adams 
County   where  Mrs   Hartman  was  born.    Mr.  Spahr  now  resides  near  Mummasburg  with 
hn  Staley,  Mrs.  Spahr  having  died  in  1876.    To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hart- 
o  born:  Willis  M.,  Ada  E.,  Lydia  J.  and  Edna   E.     Mr.  Hart 
man  has  filled  with  great  credit  several  important  offices  in  his  township,  and  b 
fojsixv,                                          of  the  school  board  of  Franklin  Township.     Both  he 

and  his' wife  are  members  of   the  Lutheran  Church  at  Arendtsville,  and  hi     ' 

charter  meml  dtsville  Lodge,  No.  325,  K.  P.  ,     „      .., 

XOUl    \V      HARTMAN,    nurseryman,    P.    0.    Arendtsville,    was    horn    in     rrankhn 

Township,  thiscounty,  in  1838      The  fij  oily  to  come  to  America  w 

Hartman  who  emigrated  from  Hessen-Darmstadt,  Germany,  about  1700,  and 
with  Ids  young  wife  in  Northumberland  County, near  the  Tulpehocken  Church.  Hj 
a  family,    among  whom   was  a   90n,  George,  and   a   daughter,  B  day,   the 

IbyhersonGi  ed  to  the  mill  ten  miles  distant,  having  the 

father  and  the  other  children  b    hone-      During  her  absence  the  Indians  made  an 
burned  the  house  and  killed  the  entire  family,  except  Regina,  whom  they  carried  off, 
Swartz,  the  daughter  of  a  neighbor.    They  were  I    v ',   "' 

Alleghenies  and  remained  in  captivity  twelve  year-  before  they  were  reclaimed,     when 

of  captives  was  made  al  Carlisle     loam  . 
and  Ql  rossed  the  Susquehanna  on  horseback  and  broughl  a 

to   ber   Northumberland    home.      George     lib  equently    married  Susan 

Swartz,  who  was  captured  a!  the  same  time  as  his  sister,  and  her-. me  the  father  oi  twelve 

stalwart  sons.    John  Hartman,  one  of  the  sons,  emigrated  from  Northumberland  ^puntj 

enlisted  in  the  Revolutionary  Army  and  served  to  the 

he  war.     lie  came  to  Adams  County  in  L786,   and,    b  ;   <"  John 

ndfather  of  our  subject.     He  lived  where  [saac  Starner  nov,  re  ides  married 

•  <-m  children,  one  oi  w  I ,  ft  nry    was 

riect.     Henry  was  horn  in  1803,  in  this  county,   and  n 
er.     During  their  married  life  they  resided  in  Franklin  lownship. 
J69.    His  widow  stfll  survives,  nearly  seventy-four  years  ol  age.     iheywere 
f  thirteen  children,  eight  of  whom   are   living:     Ephraim,  Catharine,    Mar 
•„\     John   F.,    Anni.  d   Solomon.     Noah  W.  (our  subject)  was 

i  ,„  l863i  ,,,  i;  t  and    Annie  Ketterman.     He  was  at  that 

erybusim  dtheyb       a  life  on  the  farm  where  they  now  re- 

side.  They  have  six  children:    (den, em  A. .Man  E  .Milne,  E.,Edgar  W.,Calvin  and  Annie 


408  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

S.,  all  of  whom  still  reside  with  their  parents.  Mr.  Hartman  lias  fifteen  acres  in  fine  cultiva- 
tion with  every  variety  of  tree  and  plant  indigenous  to  our  soil.  The  nursery  returns  a  fine 
revenue  and  is  the  only  one  in  the  township.  He  was  a  charter  member  of  the  Arendstville 
Lodge,  Nil  325,  K.  of  P.,  of  Arendtsville,  and  was  nominee  of  the  'Democratic  party,  in 
1884,  for  representative.  Clement  A.  has  been  engaged  in  teaching  and  will  complete  bis 
education  in  the  near  future.  The  maternal  grandmother  Heintzleman,  was  a  relative  of 
Gen.  Heintzleman,  and  her  father  owned 'a  large  tract  of  land  in  this  township;  the  spot 
where  the  original  cabin  was  built  when  the  bind  was  pre-empted  is  marked  by  a  large 
stone  on  the  Jonas  Orner  farm,  where  there  was  an  Indian  shot  by  Mr.  Heintzleman  off  of 
a  grapevine,  and  was  buried  near  by.  Our  subject's  great-grandmother  received  a  State- 
pension  as  the  widow  of  a  Revolutionary  soldier,  the  act  authorizing  the  payment  being 
passed  in  the  Pennsylvania  Legislature  in  the  year  1855.  His  greatgrandfather  Hartman 
•was  married  in  1775,  in  Northampton  County,  Penn.,  to  a  Miss  Bitter.  The  Indians  were 
numerous  and  used  to  congregate  around  their  ealiin.  The  Heintzlemans  all  lived  to  a 
ripe  old  age  and  were  a  noted  family  in  this  and  Franklin  County. 

THEODORE  KIMPLE,  farmer,  P.O.  Graeffenburg,  was  born  in  Coden,  Bavaria, 
Germany,  November  17,  1831,  and  is  the  only  child  of  John  and  Elizabeth  (Hile)  Kim- 
ple.  who  immigrated  to  America  in  1837,  and  settled  near  Chambersburg,  Franklin  Co., 
Penn.,  where  they  remained  three  years;  then  removed  to  Adams  County,  and  to  the 
farm  upon  which  their  son  now  resides.  The  father  also  purchased  a  saw  and  grist-mill, 
which  was  re-built  by  his  son  in  1885.  He  was  a  man  of  the  strictest  integrity,  and  during 
his  life  his  business  affairs  were  such  that  regrets  were  many  when  his  death  occurred  in 
1877.  His  widow  survived  until  1884,  when  she  died  at  the  age  of  seventy-seven  years. 
Theodore  was  married  July  7,  1856,  to  Miss  Helena  Milteubarger,  who  has  borne  him 
twelve  children,  of  whom  John,  Henry,  James,  Theodore,  Francis,  Catherine.  Margaret, 
Elizabeth  and  Jennie  are  living.  John  married  Annie  McKendrick,  Henry  married  Mary 
Brady,  James  married  Annie  Dillon,  and  all  are  residents  of  the  near  neighborhood.  The 
parents  are  members  of  the  Catholic  Church.  Mr.  Kimple  is  now  completing  a  term  as 
school  director,  in  which  he  takes  great  interest.  During  their  residence  in  this  township 
he  and  his  wife  have  been  devoted  members  of  St.  Ignatius  Church,  and  rank  highly 
as  people  of  worth  and  piety.  Mr.  Kimple  owns  valuable  property,  and  is  one  of  the  en- 
terprising men  of  his  section.  His  sons  manage  the  mill  and  farm,  which  return  a  fine 
revenue,  under  the  supervision  of  their  father. 

DR.  ISRAEL  P.  LECRONE,  Arendtsville,  was  born  in  Dover  Township,  York  County, 
Penn..  in  1849,  a  son  of  John  P.  and  Annie  M.  (Upp)  Lecrone,  who  were  parents  of  eleven 
children,  five  now  living:  George  E.,  Mrs.  Annie  Holtzapple,  Mrs.  Mary  Simon.  Mrs. 
Clara  Bowersox  and  our  subject  The  Lecrone  family  came  from  Switzerland,  three 
brothers  arriving  here  from  that  country  about  1697;  one  settled  in  Franklin  County,  one 
in  the  Shenandoah  Valley,  and  one  in  York  County,  the  doctor  being  a  descendant  of  the 
last  referred  to.  The  father  of  our  subject  is  still  living  at  the  age  of  eighty-three  years. 
He  has  in  his  possession  a  silver  medal  given  to  his  grandfather  for  bravery  during  the 
Revolution,  and  which  was  the  only  compensation  he  received  for  eighteen  months'  ser- 
vice in  that  struggle.  This  family  were  among  the  early  settlers  of  York  County  and 
have  been  noted  agriculturists.  Dr.  Lecrone  received  his  classical  education  at  York  Ac- 
ademy; was  a  student  of  Dr.  John  Ahl,  and  matriculated  at  Jefferson  Medical  College  in 
October.  1869.  He  was  an  office  student  of  the  renowned  Dr.  W.  H.  Pancoast,  and  graduated 
in  March,  1871.  He  remained  with  his  preceptor  several  months,  and  then  located  at  Ber- 
mudian,  where  he  married  Miss  Rebecca  J.  Pence,  and  remained  there  five  year-,  lb- 
then  removed  to  the  pleasant  village  of  Arendtsville.  where  he  has  a  practice  equaling 
that  of  any  physician  in  the  western  part  of  the  county.  He  has  gained  an  enviable  posi- 
tion among  the  faculty  and  is  a  man  of  note  in  the  community.  His  only  daughter, 
Florence,  died  in  childhood.  The  Doctor  is  a  consistent  member  of  the  Lutheran,  and  his 
■wife  of  the  German  Baptist  Church. 

HANSON  P.  MARK,  undertaker.  Arendtsville.  was  born  in  Baltimore,  in  18o3,  a  son 
of  Nicholas  and  Christian  (Beamer)  Mark,  both  of  whom  were  born  in  Adams  County. 
The  father  kept  the  first  general  store  in  Arendtsville  when  there  were  but  two  houses  m 
the  place.  During  the  residence  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Nicholas  Mark,  in  Adams  County,  three 
children  were  born  and  two  in  Maryland.  Our  subject  is  the  only  survivor  on  both  sides 
of  a  family  who  were  among  the  early  settlers.  His  grandfather,  Mark,  donated  the  site 
for  Mark's  German  Reformed  Church  on  the  Baltimore  Pike  near  Gettysburg,  where  he- 
owned  a  farm  and  kept  a  hotel,  known  as  "Mark's  Tavern."  When  Hanson  P.  was  fif- 
teen years  of  age  he  was  employed  as  a  clerk  by  Daniel  Miller  &  Co..  of  Baltimore,  whole- 
sale dry  goods  merchants,  with  whom  he  remained  five  years,  and  obtained  a  practical 
idea  of  business.  Close  application,  however,  impaired  his  health,  and  he  took  a  trip  to 
Europe  to  recuperate.  Six  months  later  he  returned  to  his  former  position  and  remained 
one  year,  when  his  physicians  advised  him  to  reside  in  the  country.  Twelve  years  ago  he 
came  to  Arendtsville,  and  in  1883  purchased  the  good-will  of  the  undertaking  estal dish- 
ment  of  ex-Sheriff  Jacob  H.  Plank.  Mr.  Mark  is  a  graduate  of  the  Cincinnati  School  of 
Embalming,  and  was  also  a  matriculant  in  other  schools  of  a  like  character.     He  was  the 


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KKANKUN  TOWNSHIP. 


Ill 


»ion  il  embalmei  in  Adams  Countv,  and  does  a  the  county, 

.',,.,,,                        -  where.     He  is  still  unmarried  and  is  b 
wMleftb^  hisDarents.    Nicholas,  his  father,  was  a  man  widely  known,  not  onlj  in 
Counts   but  throughout  this  Stat,    and   Maryland,  andwasoneol   the  wholesali 
Stonehumer.  Mark*  Miller,  grocers,  of  Baltimore     Our  subjei  i     irter  member  ot 

maritan  Chapter,  No  266,  R    A.  M.,  of  I  i  deputj 

_  0f  his  village      In  connection  with  the  undertaking  bu  inese  be  came    on  the 
furniture  and  upholstering  trade,  the  only  place  of  its  kind  in  Arendtsville.  .  He 
oftheflrsl  members  of  tie   Funeral  Directors'  A :iation,  ol  Pennsylvania,  organized 

i>\  II  SANGREE,  P.O.  Ajendtsville,  Penn.,  was  born  in  18 
nmithahuri?  Washington  Co  Md.  Of  his  ancestors  little  is  known,  li  is  supposed 
inTliySHugueuota  from  the  south  of  France  and  spelled  the  name  Saint 
CTies  forced  to  flee  from  thai  country  to  America  on  account  o  religious  persecution 
Sichae  the  grandfather  ul  Rei  Mr.  Sangree,  was  born  in  1759  and  located  in  York 
CounU  on   he  banks  of  the  Susqueb twent)  miles  below  Columbia,     His  « 

;Jil,Mr1    bore  him  the  following  named  children:  Jacob,  (  bristian,  Jan 
\Vl|lllim  Elizabeth  Joseph  and  Benjamin.  The  last  named  died  young    Elizabeth  married 
a  Mr  Mundorff  and  had  one  child,  diary     During  boyhood  the    ons  ^ere  fishermen  and 
l,'      hSped  to  support  the  family.     Later  they  all  learned  the  milling  busmeBS  and  fol- 
■  ei    it  for  many  years.     Abraham  was  the  Father  of  our    ubje.  t,  and  was  engaged  m 
mUUn g  near  Hageritown     Washington    Co.,  Md.     1..   1880  he  married  in  Smith 
WasWngton  Co   W,  Miss  Margarel  Tritle.  and  five  years  later  moved  to  Hun 
(uu'/nn    Oursubjecl  andlrietta  wereborn  near  Smithsburg.  Md. ;  Amanda,  Luther 
,,       i„,l,  M  in  Pennsylvania.     Mr.  Abraham  Sangree  was  one  oi   the  kindes    ol   men, 

:       waVrendered  comparatively  , -  bj  reason  of  his  charitable  nature.     He  had  an  „■ 

tensivelibrary  and  ?ave his  children  :.  ,>raetieal  eduration.     His  death  occurred  March  28 

S  S3  of  Sis widow.  1, ..-■ulK-r  2..   .ss.-,     Milt,,,,  H.,  for  ten  years  prio, 
marriage,  was  e  iching,  merchandising  and  farming.    October  6,  I  86,  be  ma] 

r  ,,!  Miss  Jane  E   Hudson,  a  daughter  of  George  and  RebeccalHubbel)  Hudson  of  Three 

Sm-mgs    Huntingdon   Co.,  Penn.     After   marriage! faged    in  various   occupations 

ShlsenUstmlS  in  February,  L865,in  Company  K.  S,v,n.v-c,,  „1,  K'^nwntl  ennsyl 
vania  Volunteer  Infantry,  of  which  company  he  was  commissioned  second  lieul  ■nam.  and 

J    ,,1  until  b ably'discharged.     In  June,  1871.  he  compkted  a  theological  course  at 

Mercersburg,  and  the  same  month  was  licensed  to  preach  ["he  following  yeai  he  raised 
s,;  ooo  for  he  endowment  of  Mercersburg  College.  His  first  charge  was  ^Everett  Bed- 
ford Co..  Penn.,  from  1872  to  1878,  and  the  following  Bprtng  he  removed  o  Alexandria 
and  remained  until  L884,  when  he  was  called  to  assume  the  pastorate  of  the  ^formed 
Church  >.t  Arendtsville.  To  his  efforts  is  mainly  due  the  erection  ol  the  handson 
cCch  ,  hirh  was  completed  and  dedicated  May  9,  1886.  As  a  pastor  ol  '^™"  "* 
zeal  Mr  Sanerie  bas  few  peers;  bis  congregation  respect  and  love  bim  and  are  a  unit  in 
speaking  actory  ministration.     His  children  an  rapidh  completing  th«r«a- 

ucation    Rev  HenrvH.   the  eldest,  was  married,  in  1885,  to  Miss  HelenHoke.of  Hanover, 

he  is  a  graduate  of  Mercersburg  College  and  Union  Theological  Seminary,  New 
York"  .ml  is  now  pastor  of  the  Fairfitld  charge,  Reformed  Church  in  Adams  Couny; 
Ernest  li   eraduated  al   Franklin  and  Mai-shall  Collar,  l.aneaster.  and  is  a  teach 
fuSonanl  oratory  a    the  military  academy  of  Michigan;  T.  Chalmers  is  a  drug 
PMladefpWaVrancesN.isthewifeofE.C.Pahrney.M   D  of Hagerstown;Margaret com 

aer  classical  educational  Birmingham,  Penn.,  and  her  musical  education  at  the 

ratoryof  Music,  Boston,  Mass.;  Bfope,  Allen  and  George  stil  attend  school    The 
family  is  a  most  pleasanl   and  interesting  one.    The  circle  is  unbroken  and  harmonj 

dWeQEORGEW    SCHWARTZ,  fanner.  P.  O.  Cashtown.    The  greal  grandfather  of  this 
an  came  from  Germany,  and  settled  in  York  County,  where  he  married  am 

is:   .1 b.PhUip.and  John     The  first!  mdfathe, 

mbject,  was  horn  in  1783.     He  married  Mary  M.  Geiselman  ol   ha-i  B     ''•■'. 

about  lsus/^ui,.,!  neai  Abbottstown,  in  Berwick  rownship.i a  the    arm  now  ownea 

by  John  Mummert.     After  residing  there  Beveral  years  during  whir,  time  his  chilclren 
I,  Ruphena,  Jacob,  Mary  M.  Daniel,  Elias,  Moses,   Elizabeth    L-ydm  and I  John 

ttysburg,  upon  which  two  mori   ' 

Margarel   and   Henry.    There  the  father  remained  until   he  d-    mini  d 
fanning,  when  b¥  and  his  wife  moved  to  Gettysburg,  and  later  to  a  small  farm  neariAt 
,l,-.ow„.  where  they  remained  until  their  death,  he  being  ^^ft"*^ 
aeyen  years  of  age     They  died  within  a  few  works  oi  each  other,  but  both  li 
SrcoK  well  developed,  but  the  close  of  the  war  had  not  come.    EbmdMa 
the  only  m.  mbers  of  this  large  family  who  do  no]  reside  in  Adams  <  ount  .  uda 
yet  livibg.     Eli  is  a  minister  of  the  Lutheran  faith,  at  DeSoto,  111.  .  Moses  Nhw.nt/   the 
father  or  George  W.  Schwartz,  was  horn  in  1817,  received  a  practical  education  u    hi 
common  schools,  and  chose  the  vocation  of  farming.    In  1882  he  married  Man  E.D  itb  ra, 


112  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES : 

of  Union  Township,  this  county,  and  began  married  life  on  the  farm  now  owned  by 
Samuel  Schwartz;  live  years  later  he  purchased  the  farm;  then,  nine  years  afterward, 
purchased  a  farm  near  Littlestown;  nine  years  after  that  lie  purchased  a  large  farm  near 
Cashtown,  to  which  he  removed,  and  in  1871  he  purchased  his  present  farm  and  a  resi- 
dence in  Cashtown.  To  him  and  his  wife  seven  children  were  born,  three  now  living: 
George  W.,  Elizabeth  (wife  of  McLean  Miller)  and  Emma  J.  (who  resides  with  her 
parents).  Our  subject  was  born  October  10,  1847,  and  is  from  choice  a  farmer.  March  2, 
1876,  he  married  Harriet  E.  Loahr.  and  their  domestic  life  was  begun  upon  the  farm  ad- 
joining the  village  of  Cashtown.  the  last  farm  purchased  by  his  father.  One  daughter, 
Mary  E,  died  in  infancy.  Mrs.  Schwartz's  father,  Samuel  Loahr.  was  born  in  Gettysburg, 
son  of  Jacob  and  Catherine  (Zeigler)  Loahr,  who  afterward  lived  on  a  farm  from  which 
the  first  cannon  was  fired,  in  front  of  their  house,  at  the  beginning  of  the  battle  of  Gettys- 
burg. 

NOAH  SHEELY,  farmer,  P.  O.  Cashtown,  was  born  in  1838.  His  grandfather.  Andrew 
Sheely  was  born  in  this  county  and  married  a  Miss  Dielil.  of  York  County,  whose  family 
history  appears  in  sketches  of  the  Diehls.  Jacob,  their  eldest  son,  a  fanner,  was  born  in 
1812,  in  Mountjoy  Township,  on  the  Mansion  farm,  now  owned  by  John  Hartman.  He 
married  Mary  Hartman,  about  1*32,  who  bore  him  ten  children:  Andrew.  Agnes,  Aaron 
(the  present  county  superintendent  of  schools,  and  who  wrote  the  chapters  on  Natural 
History  and  Education  for  this  volume),  Noah  (subject),  Catharine,  Ephraim,  Jacob, 
Daniel,  Eli  and  Mary.  Jacob  kept  a  hotel  on  the  Baltimore  Pike,  near  Newman's  tavern, 
for  a  number  of  years,  in  company  with  his  brother-in-law.  Jacob  Hartman.  lie  after- 
ward purchased  a  farm  in  Mountjoy  Township,  and  later  moved  to  another  purchase  near 
by;  thence  came  to  Franklin  Township,  and  purchased  a  large  tract  of  land,  most  of 
which  he  improved,  and  on  which  he  remained  during  his  life.  Two  of  his  sons  have 
been  for  many  years  practical  teachers  of  Adams  County,  and  all  of  them  have  a  prac- 
tical business  education.  In  1866  Noah  married  Rebecca  McElwone,  of  Union  Township. 
In  their  present  home  they  began  housekeeping,  and  in  the  stone  mansion  their  eight 
children  were  born.  Our  subject  has  accumulated  a  large  property,  and  is  one  of  the 
representative  farmers  of  Franklin  Township.  His  children  inherit  a  name  that  has  been 
familiar  for  more  than  a  century  in  Adams  County,  and  one  which  has  been  associated 
with  enterprise  and  education  continually.  Mr.  Sheely  is  the  largest  fruit  grower  in 
Adams  County,  having  2,000  fruit-bearing  trees,  700  York  stripe,  1,000  York  imperial,  300 
of  varieties— all  winter  apples. 

HON.  EDMAN  W.  STAHLE,  P.  O.,  Mummasburg,  was  born  in  the  borough  of 
York.Penn,.  July  28,  181!).  to  John  and  Sarah  (Small)  Stable,  win.  reared  a  family  of  twelve 
children:  Jacob  S.,  Edman  \V.,  Catharine.  Sarah,  Henry  J.,  James  A.,  Barbara,  'W  illiam. 
Ellen,  Isabel,  Virginia  and  Agnes.  The  sons  have  all  been  men  of  distinction.  Jacob  S. 
was  a  graduate  in  law.  a  prominent  lawyer  of  York;  at  eighteen  years  of  age  captain  in 
the  Pennsylvania  militia,  and  died  a  bachelor, with  the  rank  of  major-general;  Henry  J. 
has  been  the  editor  and  publisher  of  the  Gettysburg  Compih  r  for  forty-three  years;  James 
A. was  a  merchant  tailor,  of  York,  and  when  the  war  broke  out  formed  Company  A.  Eighty- 
seventh  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  returned  after  his  term  of  service  a  colo- 
nel by  brevet,  and  for  twenty  years  was  deputy  collector  of  internal  revenue  for  lork 
County;  William  was  a  druggist  of  York,  and  was  noted  as  an  orator  in  both  English  and 
German;  was  also  a  prominent  MasonjEdmanW., who  is  afinished printer,  learned  the  trade 
in  the  office  of  the  York  Republican.  He  was  at  the  same  time  editor  of  the  Democratic 
Press,  of  York,  and  afterwards  of  the  Columbia  Spy,  at  which  time  he  was  clerk,  along  with 
Thomas  A.  Scott,  in  the  collection  office  on  the  main  line  of  public  improvements  at  Co- 
lumbia. In  1843  he  came  to  Gettysburg  and  took  charge  of  the  Compiler  for  three  j  ears. 
when  he  was  appointed  deputy  sheriff;  in  1850  he  went  to  Washington,  and,  in  company 
with  A.  Boyd  Hamilton,  took  the  contract  for  printing  the  proceedings  of  the  Thirty-sec- 
ond Congress  and  the  government  printing,  and  two  years  later  assumed  the  superinlend- 
ency  of  the  State  printing  office  at  Harrisburg.  In  1854,  tired  of  public  life  and  desiring  to 
live  at  ease,  he  purchased  his  present  farm  and  settled  into  an  easy-going  existence,  but 
the  peoplewere  not  yet  readyto  allow  him  to  retire,  and,  in  1871,  he  was  appointed  a  com- 
missioner to  help  adjust  the  claims  of  the  people  of  Adams  County  for  damages  received 
during  the  war.  In  i«74  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Legislature,  serviug  m  1875-7b. 
He  was  chairman  of  the  printing  committee  and  is  the  originator  of  the  present  laws  regu- 
lating the  public  printing  of  the  State,  conceded  to  be  the  best  of  any  State  in  the  Lnion. 
Previous  to  and  succeeding  his  election  as  representative,  Mr.  Stable  was  elected  to  and 
has  filled  nearly  every  office  in  the  township,  elected  alike  by  Republicans  and  Democrats. 
In  1842  he  married  Margaret  Haughey,  of  Columbia,  who  bore  him  five  children:  John 
H.,  married  to  Sarah  J.  Spahr;  Francis  R.  S.,  killed  February  9.  1865,  while  on  picket 
duty  at  Hatcher's  Run;  Sarah  G.  a  prominent  school-teacher,  of  Franklin  Township,  and 
Mary,  the  wife  of  Henry  ,1.  Brinkerhoff,  Jr. ;  Edman  died  during  childhood.  Mrs.  Stable  died 
in  1871,  and  in  L873  Mr.  Stable  married  Mary  McGrew,  a  tcacherin  the  High  School  of  Get- 
tysburg, who  bore  him  three  daughters:  Te'enaW.,  Louisa  B,  and  Jane  McGrew— the  last 
deceased.     Asa   public  man  Mr.  Stable  has  been  one  of  the  most  prominent  in  Adams 


FBANKLIH    TOWNSHIP. 


II:: 


•    !•     loir- a    »  nrivate  citizen  his  acts  are  ch,  and  his  associations 

„,;":,,-!,  eased  byfew.    Court- 

V  -■,-.-   in-  nouse has  been  for  man  loted  for  its   hospitality 

grandfather  served  as  a  captain  durtngtne 

?.       \  r,        v  war  and  w*b  in  charge  ots  >me  o  thel ts  which  carried  Gen  Wasb.. 

.   from  tTeufchate!   BwiU 

PafatiTates  in  1688.    John  Stahle,  father  ol   E    W  ,  wasa  volunteer  dur- 

errand,  with  1 1  ,  »■  '  ■  .       ,  v,„.u  and  remained  there  engaged  in 

SgrSS  Is^ndlat^wasappo I  registe Ire Ler,  >hic ucehewas 

:l,,l'V;  gVOTK~a"oSSSwn.wM October  37.  1834, listheeld 

ESSyS^ 

UUeducaUon  far  advanced  thai  be  then  taught  several  terms  in 

i       „  ;       '■!  ior  to  bis  studj  of  medicine.    He  studied  thi  d  pi   >  ticed 

the  publii  scnpois  prior  v  ■     ,.     .        lu,,i  ,.(ln,-r.     lie  matriculated  al  the  1'lnl 

^^vSaSai&X^S^SSiT^  autumn  of  1850,  I,  .wn 

M;     ' ,llllMtl         ",    ,      ,    ,|    is:,,  i    when   he  located  permanently  in   CM, (own      lie 
ship,  where  he   remain  ed  unt      •  lames  and  Mary  (Gibson)  Watson 

rt  vi1.;  m,Co   n         M   •  Si  em'  nal f  Count;  Derry,  and  her  mother  o 

nonntJTvrone  Ireland    The  latter  had  married  James  Hindman  prior  to  immigrating  to 
Countj   l7JS  h»r  mSriaire  thereafter  to  Mr  Watson.     Doctor  and  Mrs.  Stem  are  parens 

E  School  ttSdfed  medicine  under  his  father,  and  graduated,  inl878   from  the  Cm 

I  ,,  , .  '    and  Surgery    He  located  al  Lewisberry,  York  County.  ... 
Sdta  ?880married fttep ™   W.  C.  Stem  has  practiced  thi, 

„  ':;,;';i  ,,„,,',,,  and  his  wife  ,l..l..ll  in  their  power  to  make  them  comfortable,  being 
charitable  alike  to  both  friend  and  foe.  ,,..-,,., .  \,i. ,,,,., 
OEORGE  SWOPE  farmer,  P.  0.  Cashtown,  was  born  near  New  Oxford,  Adams 
Countv  in  1828  \.. n  of  Henr  ™d  Margarel  Swope,  who  came  fromHessen  Darmstadt, 
.  ,,n  ,;.  1800  and  made  their  first  settlemenl  in  thiscoonty.  .  Reared8  fam- 
uTof  four children:  Maria  and  Jacob,  born  in  Gem  7,:"/'"' :| !  .  V V 
•  I  ,,   ,     • t,      Bv  trade  Henn  was  a  cai  b  '"'  also  taug Jacob, 

madia  purchase  of  the  well-known  Stochsle;  '  it    i  m  ,    ci,,,i,. 

has  made  extensive  improvements,  .....  1.1.,-    ...■....-"■.«  •I....,,,,,     -  miles, 

heir  removal  to  Illinois 
e  [lliuoisfarm,  and  '■     Mr.  Swope  has  a  minci 


414  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

with  information  on  historical  and  theological  subjects,  and  few  farmers  have  a  belter  li- 
brary or  time  to  peruse  such  choice  literature  as  may  be  found  with  Mr.  Swope.  He  is  a 
prominent  member  of  the  Reformed  Church,  and  for  a  long  time  has  been  one  of  its  trus- 
tees. He  is  noted  for  his  honesty,  integrity  and  justice.  Politically  b.e  supports  Demo- 
cratic principles. 

OTHO  W.  THOMAS,  M.  D.,  Arendtsville,  is  a  native  of  this  county,  and  was  born 
in  1S49  to  William  L.  and  Sarah  (Overholtzer)  Thomas,  both  of  whom  were  natives  of  the 
same  county.  The  grandfather,  John  Thomas,  was  also  born  in  what  is  now  Adams 
County.  Thus  the  family  were  residents  of  this  section  long  before  the  county  was  or- 
ganized, and  while  it  was  yet  a  part  of  York  County.  William  L.  Thomas  and  wife  had 
a  family  of  rive  daughters  and  five  sons:  Oliver  J.,  Delila  A.,  Otho  W.,  Elizabeth,  Upton 
S.,  Howard  D.,  Alzanah,  Ephraim  O,  Alice  and  S.  Gertrude.  Otho  W.  received  his  classi- 
cal education  at  Gettysburg,  and  studied  medicine  under  Dr.  E.  Melhorn.  of  New  Ches 
ter.  In  1872  he  matriculated  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  at  Philadelphia,  graduat- 
ing from  that  eminent  medical  college  in  1874.  April  6  of  that  year  he  located  in  Arendts- 
ville, where  he  has  since  enjoyed  an  excellent  practice  among  the  best  people  of  this  sec- 
tion. In  1875  he  married  Annie  M.,  daughter  of  Moses  and  Lydia  (Deardorff)  Raffen- 
sperger,  who  are  both  representatives  of  noted  and  old  families  of  this  county.  To  Dr. 
Thomas  and  wife  four  sons  and  one  daughter  have  been  born:  Arba  C,  Herbert  M.,  Nan- 
nie, O.  L.  Benton  and  U.  Dale.  The  Doctor  has  not  only  pursued  his  profession  with 
profit,  but  has  also  gratified  his  taste  for  scientific  literature  by  purchasing  a  library  that 
has  few  superiors  among  medical  men  in  any  county  or  State.  As  a  physician  be  enjoy-, 
distinction,  not  only  in  his  own  county,  but  throughout  the  State,  being  a  member  of  both 
the  County  and  State  Medical  Associations,  and  his  success  is  such  as  might  be  expected 
from  one  who  devotes  his  entire  time  and  attention  to  medicine  and  surgery. 

HIRAM  W.  TROSTEL.  merchant,  Arendtsville,  was  born  at  York  Springs,  this 
county,  in  184G.  His  grandfather.  Abram  Trostel,  came  from  Germany  while  still  single, 
and  settled  west  of  York  Springs.  He  purchased  a  farm  and  mill  property,  which  is  still 
standing  and  is  yet  known  as  the  "  Trostel  Mills."  He  married  <  latherine  Brough,  whose 
family  history  dates  back  prior  to  the  organization  of  Adams  County.  The  young  couple 
commenced  life  as  pioneers  in  that  region,  developed  the  farm. -and  reared  a  family  of  six 
children,  as  follows:  Andrew,  Abram  and  Jacob  (twins).  Lizzie,  Betsy  and  Isaac  B.  Of 
this  family  only  one,  Abram,  the  father  of  Hiram  W.,  is  living  He.  Abram.  learned  the  / 
trade  of  a  miller  with  his  father,  and  afterward  managed  the  Trostel  Mills  eighteen  years. 
He  then  purchased  a  farm  near  York  Springs,  upon  which  was  a  saw-mill,  a  grist-mill 
being  added  later.  This  he  managed  for  twelve  years,  and  then  purchased  another  farm, 
erected  handsome  buildings  and  in  a  few  years  purchased  a  residence  in  York  Springs, 
where  he  still  resides.  About  1835  he  married  Eliza,  daughter  of  Jacob  and  Eliza  Pensyl, 
and  to  this  union  were  born  Henry  J.,  George  H.,  Sallie,  Hiram  W.,  Lavona.  Maty  and 
Lizzie  (twins).  Mrs.  Trostel  died  in  1852.  and  Abram  then  wedded  Caroline  Ernst,  whose 
death  occurred  three  years  later.  His  third  wife  was  Mrs.  Yount.  of  Gettysburg.  Hiram 
W.  was  educated  at  York  Springs,  and  for  four  years  clerked  for  Griest  &  Bowers, 
merchants  of  that  place.  In  October,  1S75,  he  was  married  to  Hannah  E.  Bream,  who  has 
borne  him  four  children,  three  now  living:  Allen  B..  Ira  W.  and  Stella  R.  In  the  spiiu^ 
of  1876  Mr.  Trostel  came  to  Arendtsville.  where  his  father  had  purchased  a  flue  residence 
property  and  store-room,  which  has  since  been  enlarged.  The  same  spring  our  subject 
purchased  a  large  stock  of  merchandise,  and  at  this  date  is  one  of  the  most  enterprising 
merchants  of  Adams  County,  and  carries  perhaps,  as  large  a  stock  of  general  merchan- 
dise as  will  be  invoiced  in  the  county.  He  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Lutheran 
Church. 

HENRY  WILDESIN,  farmer,  P.  O.  Arendtsville,  was  born  in  Franklin  Township, 
this  county,  October  20,  1^-.':!.  Samuel  YYildesin  emigrated  from  Germany,  and  settled 
first  in  York.  Jacob,  his  son,  afterward  came  to  Adams  County,  aud  settled  in  Franklin 
Township,  on  the  South  Mountain.  He  was  thrice  married:  first  to  Miss  Becker,  who 
bore  him  four  children:  John,  Susanna  Jacob  and  Eve.  The  second  wife  was  Betsv  Car- 
baugh,  who  also  became  the  mother  of  four  children:  Samuel,  Peter.  Mary  and  Lvdia. 
The  third  wife  was  a  Miss  Tressler,  who  had  one  son  (George)  aud  two  daughter-  and 
who  survived  her  husband  several  years.  John,  the  eldest,  son  by  the  first  wife,  was  the 
father  of  our  subject,  and  was  born  in  York  County  February  2.  1791.  He  married  Su- 
sannah Potter,  and  by  her  had  two  children:  Henry  (our  subject)  and  Eliza  E.  (married 
Jacob  Schlosser  and  bore  him  five  children,  three  now  living).  Henry  was  reared  on  a 
farm,  and,  October  31,  1848,  married  Julia  E.  Fisher,  whose  parents,  Abram  and  Elizabeth 
(Benner)  Fisher,  were  also  old  residents  of  Adams  County,  and  some  of  their  name  are 
men  of  note.  They  reared  a  family  of  seven  children:  Susannah  M.,  Julia  E.,  Catharine 
J.,  Sarah  H.,  Samuel,  and  Abram  and  Isaac  (twins).  Sarah  'Walter  was  the  second  wife  of 
Abram  Fisher,  and  bore  him  seven  children:  Delilah,  Thomas,  George,  Elias,  Henry, 
Hannah  and  Lydia  A.  Of  the  fourteen  direct  descendants  nine  are  yet  living.  Mr. 
Wildesin  has  served  as  school  director,  and  was  for  many  years  an  elder  in  the  German 
Reformed  Church,  of  which  both  he  and  his  wife  are  members.     Four  children  have 


FRANKLIN  TOWNSHIP. 


II.-. 


heir  union:  George  and  an  infanl     i  eceased),  John  A.  and  Susannah  E. 

.in!,,,  married  '  i    father. 

•     \  iron  M    Bi  ■•■■      oni  ol  the  prominenl  fai  intj 

died  in  1885,  :ii  the  advanced  age  o  the  Last 

HENRI   \\    WITMORE   merchant,  Mummasburg,  was  born  neai  ■    Md 

November  19    1811      [n  August,  1822,  his  parents  moved  to  near  Biglerville,  and  in  April, 

1828   took  up' their  residence  in  the  frami  I  standing  opposite  the  sto 

6ubiec1      Thi  !  '    who  died  in  inl  m<  ;      1  lii   Fatln  i   wi 

which  trade  lb  >ed  fn  m  him,  and  together  they  worked  at  it    For  I 

thefatherwas   better  known  in   his  part  oJ  the  country  than  anj   othermanol    his  day. 

Hisdeath  occui  "  subject,  with  Benru  tta  Ri 

(ook  place  M«3   3.  '-:;""'     Sne  wai    ' in  1811,  and  died  April  is.  1854.    To  thi 

son,  who  died  in  infancy.  His  second  marriage  took  place  November  22, 
1855  with  Miss  Lucj  A  Crum,  the  ci  n  monj  being  pi  rformed  bj  Rev.  Jacob  Zeigler;  Bne 
wasalsothi    mother  o1  one  son,  who  died  in  infancy.     Mr.  Witmore  erected  his  present 

i,  e  in  1858  and  his  mothei  I  fears  in  hi  r  new  home  prior  to  hi 

I,,  1840  Mr  Witmore  formed  a  partnership  with  Caspar  Suck,  in  the  grocery  and  prod- 
uce trade  and  established  a  store  in  Mummasburg;  eight  years  later  this  partnership 
was  dissolved,  and,  with  the  exception  of  one  year,  Mr.  \\  itmore  has  since  been  engaged 
alonein  During  the  second  administration  ol   President  Lit 


was  commissio 
w  as  .-i  great  suffe 
much  other  prop 


ned  postmaster,  which  position  he  has  retained  to  the  present  tune.    He 
erei  bj  the  war  hisstore  b  ina  i  ompletelj  gutted  by  the  Ri  bi 

taken  C aencing  life  with  less  than  $50,  he  has  from  that  be- 
ginning amassed  a  competem  y,  and  during  the  lifetime  of  Lis  aged  parents  kept  themin 
|a8e  as  became  a  dutiful  son.  Both  he  and  his  wife  are  members  oi  the  Reformed 
Church  at  Arendtsville,  and  are  people  of  the  sterling  worth.  For  sixty  three  years  Mr. 
Witmore  has  been  a  representative  business  man  of  Franklin  rownship,  and  to-day  is, 
oldest  man  in  the  county  engaged  in  active  business. 
MRS  \VII.I.\  M  WOLFF,  of  Cashtown,  is  the  widow  ol  Rev.  David  W.  Wolff,  who 
i„  his  day  was  one  of  the  most  prominent  ministers  of  the  gospel  in  Adams  <  ounty.  lie 
was  born  u  ai  Carlisle,  in  Cumberland  County,  November  29,  1829,  When  he  was  yet  a 
child  his  parents.  Henry  and  Sarah  Wolff,  moved  to  the  vicimtj  oi  New  Chester.in 
Adams  County.     Here  David  grew  upwitb  his  brothers  and  sisters,  earlj   feeling  within 


•',' 


him  the  Divine  call  to  the  ministry.  Fearing  himself  mistaken,  he  frequently  sought  sol- 
itude in  the  w Is  near  his  home,  there  to  pray  for  Divine  guidance.    About  this  t hi 

„  whom  he  was  named,  begged  him  to  come  to  Ohio,  "to  be  made  something  of. 

parent-  thinking  this  a  good  opportunity,  he  was  sent,  but  remained  only  a  abort 
,;,„,,     "••<;,,,„,  iel      till  sounded  in  his  ears.     He  returned  home  and  took  a 

preparatory  course  at  New  Oxford,  then  entered  Marshall  College  at  Mercersburg,  Penn. 
[•his  college  was  moved  to  Lancaster, and  combined  with  Franklin  College,  the  new  insti- 
tution taking  the  nam.,  of  Franklin  and  .Marshall  College,  ami  from  here  he  graduated  m 

[e  then  took  a  theological  course  al  the  German  Reformed  Beminary,  at  Mercers- 
,  „  |  He  sraduati  d  in  1856,  and  was  then  licensed  and  ordained  to  preach  by  the  synod 
,,t  Tin'  Unman  Informed  Church.  His  first  labors  wciv  in  Paradise  charge,  where  he 
assisted  his  brother  Re\  George  Wolff.  His  first  charge  was  at  Danville,  Penn.,  whither 
he  n  moved  in  1857  later  he  had  charge  of  Catawissa,  Schuylkill  Haven,  and  then  served 
a    chaplain  in  the  United  Btates  Army,  during  the  civil  war.     En  1866  be  took  the  Cono 

wi iharge  in  Adams  County,  with  his  residence  at  Arendtsville.  December  37,  L87U,  he 

marriedMiss  Avilla  M.  Mickley,  a  daughter  of  one  of  the  first  families  oi  Adams  County. 

Her  ereat-grandfatherj  Martin  Nickley,  purchased  land  in  Ad a  County  shortlj  after 

Ihe  Revolution  He  was  a  soldier  during  that  struggle,  and  at  that  time  resided  ni 
mnntown  lie  had  a  son  Daniel,  whosesot  Charles,  is  the  fathi  roi  oursubject.  Charles 
•...  as  I- rnin  Adam-  County,  iii  May,  1820,  and  married,  in  May,  1842  Jane  Green,  whose 
father  John  Green,  was  al  thai  time  proprietor  of  the  Cashtown  Hotel.  Mrs.  Woin  istne 
only  daughter,  but  there  are  two  sons— Green  and  Lemuel.  Mis.  \\olll  was  educated  at 
Palatinate  College,  Myerstown,  Penn.  Four  children:  Henry  H.  (deceased  m  infancy), 
John  N.  Mary  ('.  and  Sarah  J.,  blessed  their  union.  K.\  Mr.  W  oiil  dn  d  March  16,  1876, 
at  Carlisle,  where  be  bad  goneto  receive  medical  attention.  His  ehnr-cai  it  he  tuiieol  his 
death  was  in  Petersburg,  Clarion  County,  having  bun  stationed  there  in  1878.  He  Was  a 
man  of  renown,  just  and  true,  leaving  behind  a  name  which  18  a  source  ol  pride  lo  his 
children. 


410  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 


CHAPTER    LIV. 

FREEDOM  TOWNSHIP. 

HON.  JEREMIAH  MORROW.  Freedom  Township  was  the  birth-place  and  boy- 
hood home  of  Hon.  Jeremiah  Morrow,  the  first  representative  in  Congress  from  Ohio,  a 
United  States  senator  and  twice  governor  of  that  State.  The  grandfather  of  Gov,  Mor- 
row was  a  Scotch-Irish  covenanter,  who  immigrated  from  Londonderry,  Ireland,  a  genera- 
tion before  the  Revolution,  and  died  in  this  township  in  1758.  His  father,  John  Morrow, 
was  a  county  commissioner  of  York  County  in  1791-92-93.  an  intelligent  farmer  and  a 
member  of  the  Associate  Reformed  Church.  He  died  in  1811.  The  farm  he  owned  -  on 
sisted  of  235  acres,  and  was  after  his  death  long  known  as  the  James  McCleary  farm. 
Here  the  future  statesman  was  born  October  6,  1771.  He  was  the  eldest  son  and  the  sec- 
ond child  in  a  family  of  three  sons  and  six  daughters,  all  of  whom  became  residents  of 
Ohio.  His  mother's  maiden  name  was  Mary  Lockhart.  After  receiving  the  best  English 
education  to  be  had  in  the  schools  of  that  day  in  the  vicinity  of  Gettysburg,  he  immi- 
grated to  the  territory  northwest  of  the  Ohio,  arriving  in  the  Miami  country  in  the  spring 
of  1795.  After  surveying  land  and  opening  a  farm  between  the  Miami  Rivers,  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Territorial  Legislature,  and  entered  upon  the  political  career 
which  made  him  one  of  the  most  distinguished  men  in  the  early  history  of  Obio._  A 
county  and  a  town  in  Ohio  were  named  in  his  honor.  He  died  at  his  home  on  the  Little 
Miami  in  1852.  . 

<i.  W.  SCOTT,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  P.  O.  Gettysburg,  was  born  in  Freedom 
Township,  on  the  farm  where  he  now  resides,  July  26.  1831.  a  son  of  William  M.  and  Jane 
(Kerr)  Scott,  natives,  respectively,  of  Adams  and  Fulton  Counties.  The  father,  who  was 
a  farmer,  of  Scotch-Irish  descent,  reared  a  family  of  seven  children,  four  of  whom  sur- 
vive, and  of  whom  G.  W.  is  the  third.  Our  subject  was  reared  on  the  farm,  educated  at 
the  country  schools,  and  from  youth  up  has  followed  agricultural  pursuits.  In  1863  he 
married  Florinda  Jane,  daughter  of  E.  R.  A.  Moor,  a  farmer,  of  Scotch-Irish  descent.  To 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Scott  eight  children  were  born,  five  of  whom  survive:  William  L.,  Mary  M., 
Harvey  A.,  Jane  K.  and  Hugh  J.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Scott  are  members  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church.  He  has  served  his  township  as  assessor,  tax  collector  and  school  director.  He 
is  a  Republican  in  politics.  In  1863  he  enlisted  in  the  Twenty-first  Pennsylvania  Cavalry; 
enlisted  a  second  time,  and  served  until  the  close  of  the  war  in  Company  E.  Xinety-nintli 
Pennsylvania  Infantry,  and  was  present  when  Gen.  Lee  surrendered.  For  several  years 
Mr.  Scott  was  an  active  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  He  is  the  owner  of  a  farm  of  180 
acres,  where  he  still  resides. 

A.  F.  WHITE,  associate  judge.  P.  O.  Fairfield,  was  born  on  the  farm  where  he  now 
resides  in  Freedom  Township,  this  county.  February  8,  1846,  and  is  a  son  of  Andrew  and 
Joanna  (Ross)  White,  natives  of  Adams  and  Westmoreland  Counties,  respectively.  The 
father  a  farmer,  who  died  in  1862,  was  of  English  descent.  The  mother  was  of  Scotch 
origin!  Thev  had  a  family  of  four  children,  of  whom  A.  F.  is  the  youngest.  Our  subject 
was  educated  in  the  country  school,  and  also  attended,  for  one  term,  the  preparatory 
department  of  the  Pennsvlvania  College  at  Gettysburg,  and  from  youth  up  has  been 
engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits,  and  now  owns  195  acres  of  land.  In  1870  he  was  united 
ip  marriage  with  Mary  M..  daughter  of  Hon.  James  H.  Marshall.  The  Marshall  family  is 
of  Scotch  descent,  Mrs.  White's  father  served  two  terms  in  the  Legislature,  and  was  at 
one  time  county  commissioner.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  White  the  following  named  children 
were  born:  Mary  (deceased).  Jennie,  James,  Charles.  Our  subject  and  wife  are  members 
of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  He  has  held  the  offices  of  assessor  and  justice  of  the  peace, 
serving  in  the  latter  office  for  seven  years.  In  1883  he  was  appointed  associate  judge  of 
Adams  County,  was  elected  in  1884,  and  holds  the  office  at  present.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  I.  O.  O.  F'. ;  has  passed  all  the  chairs  in  his  lodge,  and  has  been  a  member  of  the  Grand 
Lodge  of  Pennsvlvania.  His  brother.  William  R..  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature,  and 
now  resides  in  Liberty  Township,  this  county.  His  sister.  Martha  J.,  married  William  T. 
Reid,  of  Hamiltonban  Township.  His  other  brother,  J.  Harvey,  was  educated  at  Gettys- 
burg and  Yale  Colleges,  graduating  from  the  latter;  read  law  with  Robert  McCrearv;  and 
was"  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Gettysburg  about  1864.  He  practiced  a  few  years,  and  then 
went  to  Pittsburgh  about  1867-68,  and  has  there  been  very  successful.  He  served  as  ad;-; 
tant  of  the  One  Hundred  and  Sixty-fifth  Regiment  of  Pennsylvania  Infantry. 


GERMANY    TOWNSHIP.  H? 


CHAPTEB  LV. 

GERMANY  TOWNSHIP  &  BOROUGH  OF  LITTLESTOWN. 

1>  W'lli  B  LLLEMAN,  printer,  Littlestown,  was  bom  in  Hanover,  Fort  Co.,  Pi  an 
in  March  W>s.  and  is  o  son  of  Rev.  M.  J.  Alleman,  mentioned  i  Isew  here  in  this  volume, 
emic  education  in  Hanover,  and  finished  his  studies  at  Sort  Col 
lejriate  Institute  In  January,  1881,  he  return  d  to  Littlestown  from  Maryland  and  tarl 
eda  ioh  printing  office,  and  on  the  21sl  of  the  following  April  issued  the  firs)  number  oi 
the  LitOestowm  Bra,  a  seven-column  folio,  weekly  paper,  with  a  subscription  List  oi  350. 
|D  1883  the  paper  had  mel  with  such  favor  thai  it  was  enlarged  to  an  eight-column  folio, 
and  in  1888  it  was  again  enlarged,  this  time  to  a  Bix  column  quarto.  The  gentleman  s  un 
tirine  energy  and  zeal  in  forging  the  paper  ahead  resulted  in  gaining  an  unprecedented 
circulation  in  1885.  About  this  time  the  necessary  close  application  to  edit. .rial  duties 
caused  a  weakening  of  his  eyes  to  such  an  extent  that  it  became  painful  lor  him  to  read 
common  print  farther  aw  ay  than  four  or  five  inches.  Hiseyes  becoming  gradually  worse, 
l„.  determined  to  dispose  of  Th,    Era,  which  be  did  on  January30,  l88o,  to  A.  8.  Goulden, 

.,,„!  g ,  thereafter  August  B,  1885,  the  establishment  was  burned,  with  all  its  contents 

Inl882Mr  Alleman  went,  a-  a  dele-ate.  to  the  Independent 'Republican  Convention 
which  met  at  Horticultural  Hall,  Philadelphia,  and  is  much  interested  in  state  and  Na 
tional  politics  He  was  married,  April.  1881,  to  Miss  Lizzie  Ferg,  a  daughter  of  Adam 
Fers  a  prominent  iron  manufacturer  of  Tremont,  Penn.  They  have  but  one  child.  Bur- 
ton \  M  born  February  5,  1883;  another  child.  Charles,  was  horn  .January  1.  1SS4,  and 
died  August    ;.  oi   th  i      Mr.  and  .Mrs.  Alleman  are  members  oi  St.  Pauls 

Church,  at  Littli  -town.  . 

SIMON  s  BISHOP,  justice  of  the  peace,  notary  public  and  farmer,  Littlestown. 
was  born  on  a  farm,  adjoining  the  southeastern  part  of  Littlestown,  February  10,  1817. 
He  is  a  son  of  Philip  Bishop,  Jr.,  a  son  of  Philip  Bishop,  Sr.,  a  native  oi  Lancaster 
County   who  bought  the  farm  (where  our  subjecl   was  born)   of  1s:i;   acres,  in    1809,  for 

p    Sr..  died  in  1831,  and  Philip.  Jr.,  in  1856.     Our  subject  ws 
near  Littlestown,  and  in  1841    began   keeping  store   there,  in   a    building    that    still   stands 

jUSl  opposite  the  Catholic  Church.  After  conducting  this  store  three  or  lour  years  hi 
sold  out  and  iii  1845  bought  fortj  acres  of  the  old  bomestead,  where  he  now  resides, 
aince  the  above  dun-  be  bas  i  d  in  farming  and  attending  to  the  duties  of  the 

various  offices  he  has  filled  as  a  Democrat.    In  1865  he  was  elected  a  justice  of  th 
is  the  present  incumbent;  and  has  filled  the  office  ever  since  the  above  date,  with  the  ex 
of  four  years.     During  his  official  career  he  bas  tried  between  600  and  roo  differ- 
ent cases      In  1867  be  was  elected  burgess  of  Littlestown,  and  in  1868  was  .  ommissioned 

asanotarv  public  In  (low  Cearv;  airain  commissioned  by  Ocary.  once  by  Gov.  llartrantl: 

and  lastly  twice  i.\  Gov.  Pattison,  under  which  commission  he  is  nov,  serving.  Squire 
Bishop  was  married'  in  September.  L843,  to  Catherine  Stonesifer,  a  daughter  oi  Solomon 
and  Susan  (Swope)  Stonesifer,  old  settlers  of  this  county,  and  both  deceased  Mr.  and 
Mr-  Bishop  have  one  child.  Laura  Virginia  Bishop,  who  lives  at  home  with  them.  Mr. 
Bishop  was  a  member  of  the  United  Brethren  Church  for  forty  years  and  a  trustee  ot 
the  said  chur.b.  built  by  his  grandfather,  Philip  Bishop,  Sr..  and  deeded  to  trustees  for 
a  preaching  place  for  th.'.  United  Brethren  church  and  other  purpo.es.  About  this  time 
the  pompous  presiding  elder  of  the  United  Brethren  Church  had  grown  a  little  too  big  for 

his  boots     thought  he  Ought  to  have  entire  control  of  the  church  property,  and.  by  liisun- 

der  officials,  made  demands  on  Mr.  Bishop  for  the  title  papers,  which  were  however,  re- 
fused. They  then  resorted  to  litigation,  in  which  they  also  faded.  Mr.  Bishop  is  at  pres- 
ent trustee;  holds  the  title  papers,  and  will  hold  them:  but  since  the  agitation  he,  with 
his  family,  have  worshiped  elsewhere.  .     D    . 

Til  UDDEUS  8  BLOCHER,  carriage  manufacturer,  Littlestown,  was  bom  in  Butlei 
Township  this  county,  in  May,  18H6.  and  is  a  son  of  Thomas  and  Man  Hartzell)  Blocher. 
the  former  a  native  of  Lebanon  County,  Penn,  and  the  latter  of  Butler  rownsbip,  this 
county.  Thomas  Blocher  was  a  saddle  and  harness-maker,  and  for  many  years  served  as 
justice  of  the  peace.  His  wife  died  in  Bendersville  in  1879,  and  in  i860  ne  also  passed 
away  at  the  same  place,  I  )ur  subject  learned  the  harness  and  saddle  trade  With  his  lather. 
and 'in  I  wis  he  li.mirhl  a  half  interest  in  the  harness  shop,  of  Mr.  Fount  at  Littlestown, 
and  two  years  later  bought  out  Mr.  Fount's  interest  and  continued  th.;  business  until 
186-1  when  he  sold  out  and  bought  a  half-interest  in  the  coach-making  business  with  Isaac 


418  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

Sell.  In  1880  be  bought  the  entire  business,  and  is  still  carrying  it  on.  His  factory  occu- 
pies i  tie  site  of  the  first  coach  factory  ever  established  at  Littlestown  by  Mr.  Rahter.  Mr. 
Blocher  at  present  employs  twelve  hands,  and  keeps  ten  bands  the  year  round-  He 
manufactures  annually  upward  of  Beventy-flve  fine  buggies  and  carriages,  valued  at  from 
$100  to  !Jji3.->0  each.  The  factory  has  the  reputation  of  producing  the  best  and  most  dur- 
able class  of  fine  work.  Mr.  Blocher  is  a  Republican,  and  has  been  elected  to  and  served 
in  every  office  in  the  sift  of  the  borough  of  Littlestown,  except  that  of  justice  of  the  peace 
and  .  onstable.  He  married,  in  1858,  Eliza  E.  Bishop,  a  daughterof  Jacob  Bishop.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Blocher  have  eieht  children:  Clarence  W.,  Harry  F.,  Emma  J.  Charles  L.,  Mary  E., 
Howard  G.,  Edilh  M.  and  EdgaT  T.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Blocher  are  members  of  St.  Paul's 
Lutheran  Church.  Mr.  Blocher's  factory  is  one  of  the  mo-t  important  industries  of  the 
town,  and  he  is  known  throughout  this  and  adjoining  counties  as  an  enterprising  and  re- 
liable business  man  and  citizen. 

JOHN  G.  BYERS,  farmer.  P.  0.  Kingsdaje,  was  born  October  26.  1S27.  in  West 
minster  District.  Carroll  County.  Md..  a  grandson  of  Gabriel  Byers.  a  native  of  Germany, 
who  came  to  America  and  settled  in  Maryland  (a  farmer  and  cooper  by  occupation),  and 
died  there  at  an  old  age;  of  his  family  of  seven  children,  Michael,  born  in  Maryland,  was 
a  farmer  and  cooper  and  a  good  mechanic;  served  his  country  in  the  war  of  1813,  and 
died  iii  Maryland,  aged  eighty  lour  years.  Michael  Byers  married  -Margaret.  Duttera,  also 
a  native  of  Maryland,  a  daughter  of  John  Duttera.  and  who  died  in  her  forty-third  year. 
tin-  mother  of  eleven  children— seven  sons  and  four  daughters— all  now  living  but  three. 
Our  subject  was  reared  on  his  father's  farm,  and  learned  the  cooper's  trade  in  early  life; 
came  to  Germany  Township,  this  county,  in  1854,  and  has  been  successful  financially,  hav- 
ing 189  acres  of  land  here  and  a  large  farm  in  Maryland.  He  was  married  in  his  old  home, 
December  1.  1853,  to  Miss  Eliza  Ann  Getty,  born  January  2.  1830,  daughter  of  Henry  and 
Anna  (Wilburn)  Getty,  of  German  descent.  The  children  now  living  of  Mr.  and  Mr-. 
John  <:.  liver-  are  Jacob  William,  Harry  L.,  Mr-.  Ethelia  H.  Basehoar  and  Minnie  N. 
Of  these  Jacob  W.  was  educated  at  Gettysburg,  Penu.,  and  shortly  after  graduation  was 
ordained  to  the  ministry  in  the  Lutheran  Church,  and  is  now  in  Upper  Sandusky,  Ohio, 
where  he  is  pastor.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Byers  are  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church.  Our  sub- 
ject has  been  assessor,  school  director  for  nine  years,  and  supervisor.  Politically  he  is 
identified  with  the  Democratic  party. 

JAMES  H.  COLEHOUSE.  retired,  P.  O.  Littlestown,  was  born  October  18,  1823,  a 
son  of  Henry  and  Mary  (Knouff)  Colehouse,  the  former  a  native  of  Germany  and  the  lat- 
ter of  this  county.  Henry  was  a  -hoe-maker  by  trade,  but  during  the  many  years  he  lived 
in  Adams  County  he  followed  fanning,  owning  eighty  acres  adjoining  Littlestown,  where 
he  lived.  He  died  in  1878.  aged  eighty-two  years;  bis  wife  died  some  years  before,  aged 
eighty  years.  They  were  parents  of  five  children.  Our  subject  learned  the  trade  of  a 
shoe-maker  with  his  father,  with  whom  he  remained  until  his  twenty-fourth  year.  He 
was  married,  October  22,  1846.  to  Susan  Bittinger,  who  was  born  June  IS.  1826,  a  daughter 
of  Frederick  Bittinger.  In  1847,  in  company  with  William  Yount,  be  engaged  in  the  boot 
and  shoe  business,  and  continued  it  until  I860.  He  then  opened  a  general  store,  which  he 
conducted  four  years,  when  he  sold  out  and  became  interested  in  the  grain  and  produce 
trade  for  three  years;  then  engaged  in  buying  and  shipping  bay.  and  finally  returned  to 
the  general  store,  and  in  the  spring  of  1885"  sold  his  interest  to  his  partner  and  son-in-law. 
George  S.  Kump,  and  retired.  He  is  now  principally  employed  in  building  on  and  im- 
proving his  real  estate  in  the  borough.  He  is  a  Republican,  and  has  held  the  offices  of 
burgess,  councilman,  etc.  Mr.  Colehouse  was  a  charter  member  and  stockholder  in  the 
Littlestown  Savings  Institution,  and  a  director  several  years;  also  an  original  stockholder 
and  director  in  the  Littlestown  Railroad.  To  this  enterprise  he  contributed  S400.  and  on 
the  erection  of  St.  Paul's  Lutheran  Church  building  he  donated  $500.  He  and  his  wife 
are  members  of  the  above  named  church.  They  have  a  family  of  three  children:  Rufus 
A.,  born  September  2,  1847  (married  to  Margaret  C.  Young);  William  11..  born  January 
8,  1855  (married  to  Rebecca  Mehring);  and  Mary  C,  born  February  28,  1858  (married  to 
George  S.  Kump). 

DANIEL  CHOUSE  (deceased)  was  a  native  of  Germany  Township,  and  a  son  of  John 
Crouse.  a  native  of  Lancaster  County,  Penn..  who  died  August  30,  1807.  and  is  buried  at 
Christ  Church.  Daniel  was  married  to  Barbara  Laudabaugh.  November  8.  1832.  He  was 
a  tanner  by  trade,  and  carried  on  the  business  for  over  forty  year-  in  Littlestown,  accu- 
mulating a  fortune  of  upward  of  $75,000.  He  was  a  very  powerful  man,  physically,  re- 
taining his  strength  and  activity  to  the  last.  During  the  later  years  of  his  life  be  had 
retired  from  business,  and  passed  much  of  his  time  in  hunting  and  fishing  with  his  old 
associates  and  comrades,  who.  like  him,  have  all  passed  away,  and  are  spoken  of  else- 
where in  this  volume.  Mr.  Crouse  was  an  ardent  Republican  and  a  warm  supporter  of 
the  Union  cause  during  the  Rebellion.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Reformed  Church,  and 
one  of  the  most  prominent  and  active  business  men  of  his  day — a  striking  example  of 
what  is  generally  termed  a  "self-made  man."  Beginning  life  with  scarcely  any  money, 
by  frugality  and  perseverance  he  left  a  large  fortune  to  posterity.  He  helped  more  than 
one  person  to  get  a  home,  and  him  they,  whom  he  so  befriended,  or  their  children  or 


tff^yyj   W&Mf 


GERM  \NV  KiWNsllir.  1-1 

grandchildren,  have  to  thank  for  his  beneficence.  Be  took  an  active  pari  in  building  up 
and  improving  the  town,  and  also  the  Littlestown  Railroad,  and  was  a  director  in  the 
Littlestown  Savings  Institution  at  the  time  of  his  death.  He  died  November  25,  I**'*,  al 
i  ,i\  -five  rears,  having  nine  children  -four  sons  and  three  d  mghters  living, 
ami  all  married  and  wefl  to  do  in  life.     He  w  as  buried  in  Mount  ( larmi  i  <  lemetery,  and  a 

onument,  erected  at  a  cost  of  J800,  marks  his  grave. 
W  11.  LI  AM  F.  GROUSE,  retired,  is  a  substantia]  and  representative  citizen  ol  Littles 
town,  and  was  horn  one-half  mile  south  of  the  borough,  January  33,  1834,  a  son  of  Daniel 
Crouse,  whose  sketch  appears  above  He  learned  the  tanner's  trade  with  his  fath 
June  6,  1854,  married  Sarah  Louisa  Bishop,  the  only  surviving  child  of  Christian  Bishop 
!  April  l,  1856,  he  opened  a  general  store  on  the  northeast  corner  of  the  public 
square  in  Littlestown,  and  conducted  the  business  for  twentj  Ave  years  in  this  town.  He 
then  auctioned  off  his  stock,  and  has  since  been  out  of  mercantile  trade.  He  has  been 
principally  engaged  in  building  on  and  improving  his  property,  which  at  present  consists 
of  eight  or  ten  houses  and  stores,  some  twenty  lots  in  the  borough,  and  a  farm  in  the 
township.  He  was  an  original  stockholder  and  a  director  in  the  Littlestown  Railroad, 
and  voted  for  its  extension  to  Frederick;  was  a  charter  member  of  the  Littlestown  Savings 
Institution:  was  its  first  secretary,  and  has  been  a  director  and  the  secretary  of  same  tor 
upward  often  years,  which  incumbencies  he  still  tills  acceptably.  He  was  the  first 
burgess  ever  elected  in  Littlestown;  was  a  charter  member  of  the  Mount  Carmel  <  lemetery 
Company,  and  its  secretary  and  treasurer  for  a  number  of  year-.  He  drew  the  plans 
from  which  the  large  brick  public schoolhouse  was  built  in  Littlestown,  and  when  a  mem- 
ber of  the  school  board  in  the  borough  wa-  appointed  by  that  body  building  director,  and 
was  building-director  of  the  la  rue  public  schoolhouse  in  the  borough,  also  three  school 
in. uves  in  the  township.  During  the  war  of  the  rebellion  he  and  Alonzo  Sanders 
were  appointed  by  the  township,  and,  after  the  incorporation  of  the  borough,  by  the 
borough  to  act  f or  it  in  filling  it-  quota  under  the  draft.  This  dutj  was  discharged  to 
the  satisfaction  of  the  citizens.  He  was  formerly  a  member  of  the  I  cited  Brethren 
Church;  helped  to  re-build  its  edifice  in  1863,  and  contributed  $300  cash  and  a  summer's 
labor,  and  is  at  present  a  trustee.  He  was  also  a  teacher  for  one  term  in  the  town  and 
one  term  in  the  township,  and,  in  fact,  it  would  be  bard  to  name  any  enterprise  of  a  pub- 

racter  in  Littlestown  during  the  past  twenty-five  or  thirty  years  with  which  he 

has  not  been  prominently  identified,  and  to  which  he  has  nol  generously  contributed. 

Mr    and  Mrs   ('rouse  had'  nine  children,  one  being  deceased:    Mary  .lane,  now   the  wife 

ol    Dr   S.  B.  Weever;  Bishop  A.  C,  Elmer  O.,  Horace  A.,  Vinton  A..  Romaine  V.,  Ivy  B. 

;.ed'.  Myrtle  M.  and  Etta  F.  L. 

EDMUND  CROUSE,  Littlestown,  was  born  in  that  place  August  9,  1838,  a  son  of 

B  rbars   (Laudabaugh)  ('rouse,   both   old   settlers,   whose   sketch   appears 

above.     In  1861  Edmund  opened  a  dry  -nods  store  on  the  lot  now  occupied  by  Mrs.  Ilm- 

kle's  jewelry  store.      Subsequently  he  moved  his  business  to  two  other  Stores,  and  remained 

in  the  dry  goods  business  eleven  5  ear-,  and  during  the  last  two  years  carried  on  a  clothing 
store.  In  1871  he  bought  the  tannery  business  of  his  brother.  Augustus,  on  the  same 
premises  where  his  father  bad  established  a  tannery,  which  he  conducted  for  over  forty 
j  ears.  At  present  this  establishment  employs  the  year  round  two  or  three  hands,  and  tans 
about  2,000  sides  annually,  consisting  of  rough  oak  and  finished  kip,  calf  and  harness 
leather,  valued  at  about  16,000.  Besides  his  tanning  business  Mr.  Crouse  is  also  inter 
ested  with  Mr.  George  Z.  Gitt  and  Mr.  Rufus  Hartman  in  a  fruit  canning  factory,  in  a 
large  building  on  his  land,  erectedfor  that  purpose  in  1883.    This  enterprise  has  proved  a 

During  the  two  seasons  of  three  months  each   it   has   been  operated,  employing 
some  days  100  hands,  including  children,  and  canning  goods  valued  at  $10,000  per  season. 
They  contemplate  operating  the  factory  during  the  season  of  ls-sr,.     Mr.  Crouse  has  served 
as  member  of  the  Littlestown  Council  several  terms,  and  part  of  that  time  was  pi 
of  that  body;  has  also  served  on  the  school  hoard,  etc.    He  is  a  member  of  the  Reformed 

Church,  but  contributes  liberally  to  the  support  of  religious  matters  in  other  churches,  as 
well  as  his  own.  and  is  known  a's  a  thorou  prising  citizen.     He  married,  Febru- 

arv  1     ISO      -  Rebecca  Mehring.  a  daughter  of  David  and  Susan  I  Butlingtnn  >  Mehr 

in'g.    Mr.  and  Mis.  Mehring  died  iii  Germany  Township,  near  the  Maryland  line,  when 
Mrs  Crousewas  but  six  years  old.    Our  subject  and  wife  have  two  children:  Theodore 
attending  Pennsylvania  College,  Gettysburg,  Penn.,  and  Edward  M.,  born  March 
-    living  at  home  and  engaged  in  the  meat  business  at  Littlestown.     Mrs.  Crouse  and 
ire  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church. 
JOHN  DIEIIL,  fanner,  Littlestown.  was  born  December  16,  1809,  in  Codorus  Town- 
ship,  York   Co.,  Penn.      His   great  grandfather  came   from    Germanj    and    settle, 1  in  York 
where  his  sun,  George,  was  born,  carried  on  farming,  and  died,  aged  about  forty 
Diehl   married  Eve   Livingston  (wdio  died  in   York  County  when   about 
years  of  age),  and  had  the  following  named  children:  George,  David,  John,  Charles, 
Adam.  Mrs.  Sheelev     Mrs,  Diehl  anil  Ebert.     Of  these.  Adam  Diehl,  who 
in  York  County,  l'eiin  ,  died  in  Woodsboro,  Md.,  aged  thirty  years,   he,  too,  was  a  farmer; 
married  a  Miss  Crebbs.  who  died  in  York  County.  Penn.,  aged  about  forty,  and  has  seven 

22A 


422  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

children:  George,  Jessie,  John,  Ephraim,  Adam,  Elizabeth  and  Leah.  Of  these,  John  was 
educated  in  York  County,  where  he  was  reared  on  the  old  homestead;  married  Miss  Lydia, 
daughter  of  Frederick  Ramer,  and  who  died  October  18,  1883,  aged  seventy-one  years,  the 
mother  of  eight  children:  Mrs.  Sarah  J.  Frock,  Mrs.  Lydia  Sheeley,  Henry  and  Howard 
(living,  John  (who  died,  aged  eighteen  years),  Eliza  Ann  (who  died,  aged  one  year  and  a 
half),  Mrs.  Alice  R.  Weikert  (who  died,  aged  twenty  years:  bad  one  daughter— Emma— 
now  the  wife  of  Horace  Grouse)  and  Eliza  (who  died,  aged  fifteen  years).  Our  subject 
moved  to  Union  Township,  this  county,  after  marriage,  and  still  has  a  farm  of  201  acres 
of  food  land  there,  and  as  a  farmer  was  successful.  In  the  spring  of  18155  he  came  to  Lit- 
tlestown this  county,  where  he  now  resides.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church. 
In  politics  is  a  Democrat.  Since  Mr.  John  Diehl  moved  to  Littlestown  he  was  engaged  in 
the  orain  business  from  1866  to  1867  (about  eighteen  months),  and,  in  partnership  with 
othel-  men,  owned  the  foundry  at  Littlestown  about  seven  years,  when  he  sold  out  his 

WILLIAM  DUTTERA,  Sr.,  retired,  P.  O.  Littlestown.  The  Duttera  family  is  of 
German  origin  and  the  first  ancestor  of  our  subject  in  America  was  Michael  Duttera.  who 
bought  100  acres  of  land  thirty  miles  from  Philadelphia  over  150  years  ago.  He  was  a 
zealous  member  of  the  German  Reformed  Church,  and  one  of  the  founders  of  what  is 
now  known  as  Christ  Church,  in  Union  Township.  He  reared  a  family  of  children  in 
York  County,  where  he  died  at  a  good  old  age.  The  following  are  the  names  of  his  sons: 
Conrad  John.  Philip  and  Michael.  Conrad  was  born  in  York  County,  and  when  a  young 
man  came  to  Adams  County  and  bought  a  farm  in  Union  Township,  about  two  miles 
ninth  of  Littlestown,  where 'he  built  a  house  in  1772,  and  lived  there  the  balance  of  his 
lon°-  life.  This  house  is  still  standing,  and  is  occupied  by  Edwin  Slifer.  He  had  a  large 
family  of  children,  as  follows:  Julian  Margaret,  Conrad,  Elizabeth.  Mary  Margaret, 
John  Frederick.  Julian,  John  Michael,  Anna  Mary  and  George.  The  last  named,  George, 
was  born  in  Union  Township  in  1775,  and  lived  on  the  old  homestead  until  he  died  in 
1864  He  was  a  highly  respected  and  honored  citizen,  a  prominent  member  of  the  Re- 
formed Church,  and  a  member  of  the  building  committee  on  the  rebuilding  of  Christ 
Church  edifice.  He  was  twice  married,  first  to  Elizabeth  Weikert,  who  bore  him  nine 
children  of  whom  John,  Elizabeth,  Julian  and  George  are  deceased,  and  Catherine,  Will- 
iam James.  Mary  and  Rufus  are  still  living.  His  first  wife  died  in  1830,  and  he  married 
for  his  second  wife  Lydia  Stonesifer,  by  whom  there  were  two  children:  Harriet  (de 
ceased)  and  Sarah,  who  still  survives.  William  Duttera,  a  son  of  George  and  Elizabeth 
(Weikert)  Duttera,  was  born  in  Union  Township  October  20,  1815.  When  between  the  age 
of  seventeen  and  eighteen  he  began  to  learn  the  tanner's  trade  in  Carroll  County,  Md. 
Having  completed  his  trade,  he  returned  lo  Littlestown  and  started  a  tannery  about  the 
year  1836.  This  business  he  carried  on  for  upward  of  forty  years,  and  in  1881  gave  up 
the  business  to  his  sons,  and  since  then  has  lived  partially  retired,  attending  only  to  his 
property  and  two  farms,  adjoining  the  borough  of  Littlestown,  of  188  acres  of  laud.  Mr. 
Duttera  is  a  Democrat,  and  has  served  his  township  in  nearly  all  of  its  local  offices.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  Reformed  Church,  of  which  he  has  served  as  trustee  and  treasurer  for 
many  years,  and  is  one  of  the  respected  and  substantial  citizens  of  the  county.  He  has 
been  twice  married,  first  to  Louisa  Kohler,  March  23,  1837;  she  bore  him  six  children: 
\mos  George  K..  Louisa  C,  William  S.,  Worthington  A.  and  Charles  H.  Mrs.  Louisa 
Duttera  dying  May  19,  1885,  Mr.  Duttera  then  married.  November  19.  1885,  Agnes  J. 

CHARLES  H.  DUTTERA,  farmer,  P.  O.  Littlestown,  was  born  July  9,  1859,  at 
Littlestown,  and  is  the  son  of  William  and  Louisa  (Kohler)  Duttera.  He  was  educated  at 
the  home  schools  of  his  native  place,  and  was  employed  until  twenty-one  years  of  age  on 
his  father's  farm  during  the  summers  and  in  the  tannery  in  the  winters.  About  the  time 
be  became  of  age  he  formed  a  partnership  with  his  brother.  Worthington.  and  took 
charge  of  the  tannery  business  from  which  his  father  retired.  The  brothers  remained 
together  until  February  1,  1884,  when  Charles  H.  bought  his  brother's  interest  and  has 
conducted  the  business  ever  since.  He  uses  no  bark  in  tanning  except  rock  oak  bark,  and 
tans  annually  about  2,400  sides  of  leather— principally  rough  leather— but  to  some  extent 
also  calf  kip  and  upper,  the  average  value  of  leather  tanned  in  his  establishment  being 
about  $8,000  per  annum,  giving  work  the  year  round  for  four  employes.  Mr.  Duttera 
also  farms  119  acres  of  the  homestead.  He  married,  October  12,  1880,  Miss  Emma  L. 
Rebert   a  daughter  of  Edward  Rebert.  of  Union  Township. 

PIOUS  P.  FINK,  farmer,  P.  O.  Littlestown.  was  born  May  5,  1818,  in  Germany  Town- 
ship Adams  County.'  Penn.  The  great-grandfather  of  this  gentleman  came  from  Ger- 
many and  settled  in  Pennsylvania,  near  the  Shorb  family.  His  son.  Henry  Fink,  was  a 
mechanic  and  farmer,  and  died  in  this  countv  in  the  house  where  Pious  P.  was  born, 
south  of  Littlestown.  Henry  Fink  was  married  to  Magdalena  Henry,  who  bore  him  ten 
children-  Benjamin,  Anthony.  Henry,  Joseph.  Jacob,  David,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Adams,  Mrs. 
Catharine  Sanders,  Mrs.  Mary  Stein  and  Mrs.  Sally  Schriver.  Of  these,  Joseph,  a  farmer 
by  occupation,  was  a  successful  business  man,  and  did  a  great  deal  of  good;  he  served  as 
justice  of  the  peace  for  many  years,  filled  minor  township  offices  and  acted  as  commis- 


cil'.KMAW    TOWNSHIP.  123 

ajoner  of  Idams  Count]     He  marrii  d  Esther  Parr;  he  died  on  oui  subject's  presenl  farm, 
irted  this  life  aged    -■  vt  ntj  seven   years     Thc.i    bad 
fourchildren:   Pious  P..  Josep]  i  Henrj   and  Mi      Margaret  L  Spalding      Pious 

p  y,,,i  was  n  ared  on  the  farm,  and  married  in  October,  1844,  Miss  Matilda  M.,  dan  'hter 
,,f  jonD  Shorb     To  this  union  wi       bori  Mary, 

Johanna,  Rarab  E     Lucinda,  Agnes,  Anastnsia  (who  all  dii  d,  neteen, 

re.  fourteen  and  thirteen  years).    Sarah  E   was  a  Bister  in  si    Joseph's  Convenl 
at  Philadelphia;  the  two  sons,  Joseph  J.  and  Basil  P.   an  Mi    and  Mi 

are  members  of  the  Catholic  Church,     [n  farming  Mr.  Fink  ha  uccessful.    In 

politics  hi  is  a  Democrat.  ,       ,        .        . 

FINK  &  SHORB,  grain  dealers;  Littlestown.     rhis  firm  has  been  in  existence  under 

its  present  proprietors,  J.  -I.  Finis  and  John  A.  Shorb,  since   1880,  and  does  an  extensive 

in  grain  and  produce  of  all  kinds,  averaging  from  180.000  to  $100,000  per  annum. 

Joseph  .1    Wise,  of  the  above  firm,  was  born  in   Hamilton  Township,  this  county, 

Berlin,  September  '.'s   1850,  and  is  a  son  of  Pius  P  and  Matilda   9 b    Fin] 

When  he  was  but  two  years^il  age  his  mother  suffered  from  a  severe  attack  of  typhoid 
reTeI  and  to  remove  him  from  the  chance  of  taking  the  disease,  be  was  taken  by  his 
uncle,  Joseph  I...  and  his  aunt,  Sally  A.  Shorb  (brother  and  sister,  both  unmarried),  w  hich 

:  in  his  being  reared  by  them  until  bis  fourteenth  year  with  all   tbi    - 
tenderness  thai  could  have  been  bestowed  upon  him  bad  he  been  a  son  instead  of  a 
nephew      When  fourteen  years  old  he  became  a  student  al  Calvert  College,  New  Wind 
Bor    M<1  .  where  he  remained  two  years,   and  later  attended,   for  eighteen  months,  St, 

College  near  Ellicotl  City,  Howard  Co.,  Md.    On   bis  return  heme] tcupied 

himself  on  bis  father's  farm  for  several  years,  and  February  27,  1873,  became  a  partner 
with  his  uncle,  Samuel  J.,  in  the  grain  business  a1  Littlestown,  in  which  be  continued 
until  his  uncle's  death.  Mr.  Fink  is  a  genial  gentleman  and  one  of  Littlestown  s  reliable 
and  substantial  business  men. 

Johs  A..  Shorb    also  ol  the  above  firm,  was  born  in  Mountpleasanl    rownship,  this 
countj    October  17,  1855,  and  is  a  son  of  Samuel  J.  and  Catherine  (Parr)  Shorb.     He  was 
on  the  farm  until  the  age  of  eleven  years      His  lather  then  en-a-ed  in  business  al 
,    i    he  remained  three  years:  thence  moved  to  Littlestown,  and  here 
bed  the  business  to  which  Fink  &  Shorb  have  succeeded.    John  A.,  obtained  his 
education  partly  in  the  Adams  County  schools,  but  when  fifteen  years  of  age  was  senl   to 
Calvert  College,  Nevi    Windsor,  Md.,  where  he  studied  for  two  j  ears,  and  afterward  com 
pli  ted  his  studies  al  St.  Francis  College,  Loretto,  Penn.     He  then  returned  to  Littlestovi  a 
and  was  employed  in  bis  father's  business  until  1877,  when  be  became  a  partner  with  a  one- 
third  interest      The  firm  then  consisted  of  Samuel  J.  Shorb,  Joseph  J.  Fink  and  John  A. 

i  In    the  death  of  his   father,  Samite]    J.,  in    1880,  the   business   was   continued  by 

\.  and  Ids  remaining  partner. 

HAMILTON     W.    FORREST,    farmer,     P.    O.    Littlestown.        I  lie    am       I  ol    the 

Fon-est  family  were  of  English  descent.  The  grandfather,  Jonathan  Forrest,  was  one 
of  the  pioneer  preachers  ol  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Maryland,  but  when 
the  break  occurred  in  the  Methodist  Church  and  be  had  to  decide  between  the  M.  E, 
and  the  M  P  I  burches,  he  east  his  vote  with  the  bitter  and  preached  its  doctrines 
I,  ath     He  had  a  circuit  of  sis  weeks,  always  traveli  don  horseback,  and  his  labors 

were  blessed  withg 1  results.    The  text  preached  at  his  funeral  was  "Mark  the  upright, 

and  behold  the  perfect  man.  for  the  end  of  that  man  is  peace."  His  influence  for  years 
was  felt  bj  all  who  knew  him  He  was  married  in  Maryland,  and  reared  six  children: 
Charity  (married  to  John  Whittle).  Sarah  (died  single),  Millie  (married  to  a  Mr.  Harn), 
ried  to  a  Mr.  Hays)  these  two  married  and  moved  to  the  Cumberland 
Valley;  Nelson  (who  remained  at  the  old  homestead,  which  joined  the  old  sto thapel 

well  known  in  Methodist  history,  and  there  reared  a  family  of  five  children  and  died;  Ills 
mis  are  vet  living  in  Carroll  County.  Md...  and  Jonathan  C.  (Nelson  and  Jona- 
married  Sisters).      The  last  named  was  born   in  Anne  Arundel  County.  Md.,  was  a 

farmer  and  a  justice  of  the  peace  for  nineteen  years,  refusing  a  re  election.  He  led  a  life 
of  uoni  btm  ss,  presenting  a  living  example  to  his  posterity.     He  dual  at  the 

in-  son,  Hamilton  \\  lie  was  married,  in  1817  to  I.ydia  (ass,, 11.  born  m  Balti- 
more Md  daughter  of  John  Cassell,  and  of  German  extraction.  She  died  in  this  county, 
on  the  farm  to  w  hich  her  husband  had  removed  in  1818,  shortly  after  they  were  married. 
To  Mr.  and  ills.  Jonathan  <  .  Forrest  were  born  nine  children  Mary  I>  .  Ann  \\  ..  Eliza 
E..  Eveline  C,  John  X.  (deceased),  Hamilton  W..  Lydia  A.,  Hanson  F.,  I  pton  F. 
Of  these  Hanson  F  was  educatedat  Concord  University,  Concord,  Vt.,  and  is  a  member 
,,i  the  Vermont  Conference  Hamilton  W.  was  born  March  12, 1828,  in  Germany,  and 
was  reared  on  a  farm,  attending  school  in  this  county,  but  is  mainlj  sell  educated.  In 
early  life  he  taught  school  (from  eighteen  till  thirty  Ave  vans  of  age),  and  then  devoted 
his  attention  to  farming  his  property  adjoining  his  father's  old  homestead.  He  was 
d,  March  80,  1858,  to  Miss  Louisa  M.  ('..  daughter  of  .1.  Michael  and  Man  A. 
Kii/miller,  descendants  of  the  old  pioneer  family  of  thai  name,  who  settled  onConowago 
Creek  in   this   county,  while   the  Indians  were  still  roaming  over  the  country.     Divine 


424  BIOGRAHIICAL  SKETCHES  : 

service  was  often  held  in  their  house  by  preachers  of  various  denominations.  They  were 
true  pioneers  hospitable,  friendly  to  the  Indians,  and  known  far  and  wide  for  their  honor 
and  many  virtues.  The  names  of  the  eight  children,  now  living,  born  to  our  subject  and 
wife  are  "John  W.,  H.  Judson,  Annie  L.,  Emory  H.,  Granville  L.,  Emma  L.,  Eddy  G.  C. 
and  Fletcher  B  John  W.  was  educated  at  Dickeson  Seminary,  Wilhamsport,  Penn., 
fitted  himself  for  the  ministry,  and  has  preached  two  years  successfully.  He  belongs  to  the 
Central  Pennsylvania  Conference  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  Hamilton  W.  For- 
rest has  never  meddled  with  politics,  but  lias  given  his  voice  to  help  the  cause  of  Prohibi- 
tion He  has  held  many  high  offices  in  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  in  which  he 
has  been  exhorter  for  over  thirty  vears,  assistant  class-leader,  Sunday-school  superintend- 
ent class  and  circuit  steward,  delegate  to  annual  conference,  etc.,  and  seems  to  nave  in- 
herited many  of  his  ancestors'  good  qualities  of  head  and  heart. 

CHARLES  P  GETTIER.M.  D., merchant.  Littlestown.is  a  native  of  Carroll  County,  Md., 
born  near  Manchester.  January  8,1*47,  son  of  Peter  and  Ann  E.  (Gallagher)  Gettier;  the  for- 
mer was  a  farmer.  When  about  sixteen  years  of  age  our  subject  began  reading  medicine 
withDr  J  F  Weaver,  of  Manchester,  and  subsequently  attended  medical  lectures  at  the 
University  of  Maryland,  Baltimore  City;  later  he  attended  the  Homeopathic  College  at 
New  York  City,  from  which  he  graduated  in  March.  1867.  In  April  of  the  same  year  he 
came  to  Littlestown,  and  soon  had  a  large  and  successful  practice.  Having  always  had  a 
desire  to  visit  the  West,  he  closed  out  his  business  in  1871,  intending  to  locate  at  some 
western  point.  He  visited  Missouri.but  pushed  still  farther  west  until  he  reached  San 
Francisco  Cal„  and  shortly  after  located  at  Suisun  City,  Solano  County,  that  State. 
There  he  beo-an  the  practice  of  his  profession,  and  one  year  later  was  appointed  physician 
in  charge  of  the  Solano  County  Hospital,  but  still  attended  to  his  private  practice,  which 
had  become  large  and  remunerative.  He  also  owned  an  interest  in  the  largest  drug  store 
at  that  place.  In  1878,  having  been  very  successful,  financially,  he  sold  out  and  returned 
with  his  family  to  Littlestown,  prepared  to  take  a  long  rest,  and  enjoy  the  fruits  of  his  in- 
dustry but  being  of  an  active,  energetic  temperament,  he  found  it  impossible  to  abstain 
from  work  In  1881  he  became  a  partner  with  the  Hon.  Ephrann  Myers  in  the  general 
merchandise  trade,  and  still  retains  an  interest  in  the  business  He  is  a  popular  and  act- 
ive worker  in  the  interests  of  the  Democratic  party  in  Ins  neighborhood  where  he  wields 
no  small  influence.  He  is  a  member  of  Suisun  Lodge,  No  43,  F.  &  AM  and  is  now 
"uteres ted  in  organizing  a  chapter  at  Gettysburg,  to  be  known  as  Good  Samaritan 
Chapter,  No.  266,  of  Pennsylvania.  Although  a  young  man,  and  receiving  no  huancial 
assistance  as  a  start,  he  has  amassed  a  competency.  He  was  married  July  1,  1869,  to 
Fli/.Ii.rth  Myers,  a  daughter  of  the  Hon.  Ephraim  and  Lucinda  (Bittmger)  Myers,  ami 
thev  have  four  children:  Harry  E..  Mabel,  Lizzie  and  Ethel.  „,„„„,.,,  ,  „.  ,  .  f 
OSHARNER.  teacher.  P.O.  Kingsdale,  was  born  Septembei  24.1*0  c.ii  Myers  District, 
Carroll  County,  Md.  His  grandparents,  Samuel  and  Hannah  (Bauers)  Harner.  were  na- 
tivesto*  Pennsylvania,  and  of  German  extraction.  They  were  potters  by  occupation,  and 
hid  five  children.  Samuel  died  in  Maryland  and  Hannah  in  Pennsylvania  Our  subject  s 
maternal  grandfather,  Samuel  Messinger,  a  fuller  by  occupation  was  only  three  years  old 
when  he  was  brought  to  America.  The  father  of  our  subject  James  A  Harner  Sr.  was 
born  Au.nist  3,  1826.  in  Germany  Township,  this  county  and  is  now  a  farmer  m  Carroll 
County  Md.  He  married  Anna  E.  Messinger,  born  in  Carroll  County.  Md.,  daughter  of 
Snmnel  and  Margaret  (Shuvler)  Messinger,  and  to  this  union  were  born  seven  children 
now  livin  and  on  deceased:  Granville  R..  O.  Samuel.  James  J.,  Maggie  T..  Henry  <de- 
cealed)  Susannah  E..  John  N,  and  Addison  A.  Our  subject  was  reared  on  a  farm  and 
educated It  Littlestown,  Penn.,  and  at  Taneytown,  Md..  and  now  teaches  school  in  the 
winter  He  was  married  November  28.  1878,  to  Sarah  C.  Menchey,  born  December  2. 
1855 i  daughter  of  Ephraim  and  Catharine  (Rohrbaugh)  Menchey  To  Mr  and  Mrs.  O  8. 
ITirm  -l.iv  h-en  born  three  children:  Alvcrta  May.  born  July  31.  1880;  Emma  Blanche, 
bom  July  5  1883 :  and  Charles  Cleveland,  born  February  12  1885.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Harner 
are  members  of  St.  John's  Lutheran  Church,  of  which  he  has  been  an  officer..  He  has 
served 1m   township  auditor,  and  is  now  a  justice  of  the  peace.      Politically  he  is  a  Dem- 

°°raDR  10HN  W  HICKEY,  Littlestown,  was  born  near  Emmittsburg,  Md  .  May  21, 
1855  and  is  a  son  of  James  D.  Hickey,  a  professor  in  Mount  St  Marys  College  The 
Doctm -in 1S70  began  the  study  of  dentistry  with  Dr.  Thomas  of  Littlestown,  and  after 
™Tet in-  his  studies  was  examined  by  the  Pennsylvania  State  Dental  Examining  Board 
and  was  gfve n  a  certificate  as  a  thoroughly  qualified  surgeon-dentist.  ^  1^*  op™** 
office  a  Littlestown  for  the  practice  of  his  profession,  and  has  been  studiously  and  suc- 
c  s  f  u  lv  en  oye  ever  since.  His  office  is  furnished  with  the  best  instruments  and  inven- 
tionsof  m,  en  t  mes  for  doing  the  best  class  of  professional  work.  He  is  well  andfavorably 
I-nown  thr  'out  the  vicinity  tor  the  excellence  and  fine  mechanical  finish  of  his  dental 
work      lie  married   in  October,  1882,  Clara  W.  Keeport,  and  has  his  office  and  residence 

on  ^^i'^^^^^rEL  KELLY,  farmer,  P.  O.  Kingsdale,  Adams  Co ,  Penn.,  was  born 
at  Silv^  Run  C^rrollCo..  Md.,  August  9,  1833,  a  grandson  of  Patrick  Kelly,  a  native  of  Ire- 


QERM  WY    TOW  NSHIP. 


I'j: 


laud  who  immigrated  to  America  before  the  Revolutionary  war,  and  farmed  a  what  is  now 
Heidelberg  Township  York  Co.,  Penn.,  where  he  owned  two  farms:  he  died  al  an  advanced 
M.„.  :ll,,l  basmanj  descendants.  His  children  were  John,  Jacob,  Patrick,  James,  rhorna 
[who  settled  in  Botetourt  County,  Va.),  Mrs.  Nancy  Bowman,  Mrs.  Sarah  Dubbs,  Mi  Marj 
Millheim and  Qeorgi  w  rhe  youngest,  George  W  .  was  born  in  York  County.]  enn.,  in 
1796  wasafarmer  and  millei  bj  occupation,  and  aettied  in  Carroll  County,  Md.,  where 
)„,  married  Man  \.m  w  illiams,  born  in  Frederick  County,  Md.,  June  15,  1800,  the  second 
daughter  of  William  Williams,  a  native  of  England,  who  served  all  through  the  Revolu 
tionan  war  under  George  Washington.  William  Williams  was  married  to  Rebecca  BMe 
at  the  age  of  ftfty;  had  one  boh  who  Berved  in  the  war  of  1812,  and  two  daughters,  Eliza- 
beth and  Man  inn  (who  was  the  only  one  of  the  tin—  whomamed).  To  George  W. 
Kellv  ami  wife  were  born  five  sons  ami  one  daughter:  Mrs.  Sarah  Morelock,  Emanuel, 
.]„hn  George,  .la,,,,.  N.  ami  Th  imas.  George  W.  Kelly  died  in  1845,  aged  about  fifty 
rears  andhis  widow  in  1884,  aged  eighty  four.      Our  subject,  the  fourth  born  andeldes 

•         .    .  i.  i...  i i«  T? l.rl.l-  I'itv     M,       mi,  m-    Vot    Nalhanie 


in  a  mercantile  house  for  some  time  in  Maryland.  He  married  (and  settled  in  A.dams 
Countv  I  .nn  i.  October  39,  1857,  Ellen  Harner,  born  in  this  county  Marcb.2,  1835,  daugh- 
ter of  Michael  Earner  (born  in  Frederick  County,  Md..  December  15,  1800),  and  Elizabeth 
(Mearing)  Harner,  born  August  18,  L806.  To  this  union  were  horn  three  daughters  and 
i,,ur  Bona:  Laura  Ellen,  Sarah.  Louesia,  Emma  Catharine.  Ji is  11: iton,  Joseph  Ells- 
worth Eugene  Sylvester  and  Austin  Augustus,  Laura  E.  and  Sarah  L  dual  in  infancy. 
Th,-  family  are  members  of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church.  Mr.  Kelly  enlisted,  Sep- 
tember 6,  1864  a.  a  private  in  the  Two  Hundred  and  Ninth  Regimem  Pennsylvania 
Volunteers  ami  participated  in  the  battles  of  Fort  Steadman  and  Petersburg,  \  a  ;  he  was 
honorably  discharged  at  th.-  close  of  the  war.  In  the  spring  of  1866  our  subject  moved  to 
the  Mansion  farm,  which  he  had  purchased  from  the  Mearing  estate,  in  Germany  town- 
ship' where  he  has  since  been  successfully  engaged  infarming  and  stock  raising  and  in 
settling  up  estates  ami  various  other  businesses  of  trust.     Me  is  m  entirely  self -made  man. 

II,-  is  a    very  upright  and  conscientious  bU8ineSS  man.      In   politics   Mr.  Kelly  is  a  stanch 

'  "jOSHIJ  V  SEWELL  KEMP,  physician  ami  druggist,  Littlestown,  was  horn  March  29, 
1885  in  Baltimore  Countv.   Md.,  and  is  a  son  of  John  ami  Eleanor  (Caples)  Kemp,  the 

former  a  farmer  by  occupation.      He  remained   with  his  father  until  twenty  two  years  ol 

age  in  the  meantime  completing  his  literary  Btudies  by  attending  the  Franklin  Academy 
at  Reisterstown,  Md  When  twenty-two  he  began  reading  medicine  with  Dr.  J.  L.  Oib- 
bons  of  Pikesville  Md.,  and  subsequently  was  graduated  ai  the  me, heal  college  ,,i  the 
University  of  Maryland,  March  10,  1858.  That  same  year  he  began to  practice  at  Iren- 
ton  Baltimore  Co.,  Md.,  and  in  1860  located  at  Littlestown.  In  July.  1862,  he  was  ap 
pointed  assistant  surgeon  of  the  Ninetieth  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry, 
and  was  with  ital  the  battles  of  Cedar  Mountain,  Second  Bull  Hun  and  Chantilly,  and  in 
several  skirmishes.  In  November,  1862,  on  account  of  sickness,  he  resigned  and  returned 
to  Littlestown,  where  he  has  been  in  constant  practice  since,  and  from  February,  18*,, 
has  also  carried  on  a  drug  store.  The  Doctor  was  married.  July  20,  1859,  to  Miss  Susan 
\>ire  daughter  of  George  Algire.  of  Baltimore  County.  Md.  Ihcy  have  three  children: 
ScStt  Bernard.  C.  McK.  and  Lorain.  The  Doctor  affiliates  with  the  Democratic  party, 
and  has  served  in  local  offices  in  the  vicinity.  He  and  his  wife  are  members  oi  the  Method- 

HENRY  S  KLEIN,  lumber  dealer,  Littlestown,  was  born  at  New  Cumberland,  Cum- 
berland Co.,  Penn.,  July  29,  1885,  a  son  of  John  B.  Klein,  who  died  in  1848.  1  he  widow 
moved  to  Harrisburg,  where  Henry  S.  lived  until  he  was  twenty-three  years  old.  Our 
subject  learned  the  tradeof  a  brick-layer,  at  which  he  worked  six  years.  He  married, 
December:!  1857,  Mary  Ellen  Homer,  a  native  of  Mechanicsburg,  Cumberland  <  o  .  Penn., 
and  a  daughter  of  .lames  Horner.  Henry  8.  Klein  and  family  settled  at  Littlestown,  March 
8  1859    ,  iblished  himself  in  the  lumber  and  coal  trade  and  has  success 

f„IK  inducted  thai  business  up  to  dale.  He  is  a  Republican,  and.  though  no1  an  office 
seeker   he  has  been  elected  and  Berved  Littlestown  in  the  offices  of  bur-ess.  councilman 

irectOl    etc       He  has  twice  built  substantial  resiliences  in  town  and  has  done  much 

in  various  ways  toward  improving  its  interests,  and  is  one  of  the  substantial  and  respected 
business  men.'    Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kleinbavethe  following  children:    EhzaDora  (now  thewife 

ofi.pi   .i   c   Delanv.  librarian  of  the  Senate  ai  Harnsburg),  Mary  Sidney  (living  at  home), 

John  Henry  (a  druggist   in  Baltimore).   Charles    Benard   (a    jeweler    in    LlttlestOWB 

Jessie  Berghaus  (attending school  and  living  at  home);  Anna  Bertie  died  at  two  and  one- 
half  years,  and  Paul  St.  Clair  when  but  sixteen  months  old.  . 

JOHN  F  KRUG,  grain-dealer,  P.  O.  Kingsdale,  was  born  December28,  1849,  in 
Meyers'  District,  CarroUCo.,  Md.,  son  of  John  Krug  and  -random  ,,i  George  King,  who., 
father  was  a  native  of  Germany.     John  Krug,  who  was  born  in  Lancaster  (  ounty,   1  enn 


426  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

moved  to  Carroll  County.  Md.  (where  he  farmed),  hut  now  resides  in  Hanover.  York.  Co., 
Penn.  He  married  Susannah  Willet,  born  in  Maryland,  daughter  of  George  and  Eliza 
(McKinney)  Willet,  ami  who  died  in  March.  1862,  the  mother  of  eight  children  of  win. in 
I'm  are  now  living:  John  F.,  George  W.,  David  D.,  Mrs.  Mary  Bonner  and  Mrs.  Lueinda 
Hershey.  John  F.  Krugwasa  farmer  in  Oxford  Township  in  early  life,  but  came  to 
Germany  Township  in  1877.  and  in  partnership  with  George  F.  King  (postmaster  at  Kings- 
dale)  bought  out  the  business  of  Amos  Klinefelter,  in  Kingsdale,  on  the  Frederick  & 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  where  they  are  yet  in  the  grain  and  grocery  business  and  are  also 
dealing  in  phosphates,  having  a  brand  of  their  own.  Our  subject  was  married  September 
25  1874,  to  Miss  Mary  E.  Sheffer,  born  in  York  County.  Penn..  daughter  of  Michael 
Slieffer.  Their  children,  rive  in  number,  are  Alverta  8.,  Minnie  M..  Linda  M.,  Charles 
E.  and  Estella.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Krug  are  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church.  In  politics  he 
is  a  Republican.  „„„„   . 

WILLIAM  H.  LANSINGER,  merchant.  Littlestown,  was  born  January  27,  1837,  in 
York,  Penn..  son  of  John  Lansinger  and  grandson  of  Jacob  Lansinger.  His  great  grand- 
father of  French  lineage,  came  to  America  when  quite  young  and  settled  in  Philadelphia, 
where  he  died.  He  had  two  sons:  Nicholas  and  Jacob.  Tie-  latter,  a  shoe-maker  by 
trade,  married  a  Miss  Strunk.  and  lived  most  of  his  life  in  Philadelphia,  but  the  year 
before  he  died  moved  to  Littlestown,  this  county,  where  he  departed  tins  life  at  thi 
eighty-four.  He  was  the  parent  of  live  children:  Jacob,  John,  William.  Joseph  and 
Elizabeth,  who  attained  maturity.  Of  these  John,  a  native  of  Philadelphia,  also  a  shoe- 
maker, lived  many  vears  in  York  County,  Penn..  but  finally  moved  to  Littlestown.  this 
county  where  he  died  aged  seventy  three.  He  had  been  twice  married,  first  to  Rebecca, 
daughter  of  Henry  Neff,  and  who  died  near  York.  Penn.,  aged  thirty-three,  the  mother  of 
three  children,  who  attained  maturity:  William  H.,  Jacob  and  Barbara.  William  H  at- 
tended the  common  schools  at  Littlestown,  and  here  lias  followed  his  father's  trade  nearly 
all  his  life  (he  was  three  years  in  Clarke  County.  Va  .  where  he  also  engaged  in  shoe- 
making)  Our  subject  wa"s  married  in  this  township  to  Miss  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Peter 
Cump,  and  by  this  union  has  three  children  living:  Henry  N,  Seward  and  Rebecca  B. 
Mr  Lansinger  and  family  are  members  of  the  church.  He  has  been  a  Republican  all  his 
life,  and  has  held  different  offices  of  trust,  among  which  was  that  of  chief  burgess  of  Lit- 
tlestown for  two  terms.  .  „  ,  , 
LeFEV  RE  FAMILY.  The  LeFevres  in  this  county  are  of  French  extraction,  descend- 
ants of  the  old  Huguenot  LeFevres,  who  left  their  native  country  to  enjoy  religious  lib- 
erty Joseph  LeFevrc.  of  the  third  generation  in  America,  was  a  native  of  La 
County  Penn.  and  was  the  first  of  the  family  to  settle  within  the  confines  of  Adams 
County.  In  1806  he  bought  ami  settled  upon  upward  of  300  acres  of  land  in  L  Dion  Town- 
ship and  during  his  life  was  principally  engaged  in  superintending  his  large  farm  and  in 
conducting  a  hotel  on  tbe  same,  at  what  is  now  known  as  LeFevre's  Station  on  the  rail- 
road He  and  bis  wife,  whose  maiden  name  was  Susan  Bowman,  were  both  members  of 
tbe  Reformed  Church,  and  were  highly  respected  for  their  many  good  qualities  of  head 
ant  heart  They  had  nine  children,  whose  names  are  herewith  given:  Benjamin.  Joseph, 
Isaac.  Amos,  Enoch.  Elizabeth.  Catharine,  Susannah  and  Lydia,  all  now  deceased,  in- 
cluding the  parents.                                                                        .              „   ,     T    ^,         .... 

EN<  K  'H  LeFE  VRE  (deceased)  was  a  son  of  Joseph,  the  pioneer  of  the  LeFevre  family  in 
Adams  County.  He  was  a  native  of  Lancaster  County,  and  was  for  over  fifty  years  a 
resident  of  Adams  Countv.  He  lived  and  reared  his  family  on  the  old  homestead  in 
Union  Township,  where  liis  father,  Joseph,  settled.  He  married  Catherine  S.  Schnver,  a 
daughter  of  John  Sehriver.  and  by  this  union  the  following  named  children  were  bom 
Isabella,  who  married  W.  E.  Kreb'bs,  of  Littlestown;  Rev.  W.  D.,  of  Stovestown  leun.. 
Joseph  II  an  attorney  at  law,  Littlestown;  James  A.,  of  Littlestown:  Eniroa  E.,  mar- 
ried to  Isaac  Loucks,  6f  Hanover;  Anna  E.,  who  married  George  B.  Myers,  of  Littlestown, 
and  Enoch  S.,  of  New  Oxford,  this  county.  .  .  .         . 

JOSEPH  II  LeFEVRE,  attorney  at  law,  Littlestown,  was  born  m  Union  lowusinp.this 
county  March  7,  1839.  and  is  a  son  of  Enoch  LeFevre,  who  is  mentioned  elsewhere  in  this 
volume  Joseph  H.finished  his  education  at  Franklin  and  Marshall  College.  Lancaster 
City  Penn  and  graduated  from  that  institution  in  the  class  of  1863.  He  theu  read  law 
wil'li  lion  D  McConaughy,  of  Gettysburg,  Penn.,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  18bi,  and 
began  practice  at  Littlestown.  A  few  years  afterward  he  moved  to  Pittsburgh,  and 
became  interested  in  the  shoe  business;  he  continued  the  same  until  1876,  when  he 
returned  to  Littlestown.  and  here  has  since  resided,  and  followed  his  profession.  He  is 
a  decided  temperance  man;  politically  a  Republican.  He  was  elected  a  justice  of  the 
peace  in  1879,  and  served  live  years.  May  18.  1S78,  he  married  Julia  C.  Gutelms,  a 
daughter  of  Samuel  Gutelius,  of  this  county.  They  have  two  children:  Jeannette  and 
Cecil  Mr  LeFevre  is  a  member  of  the  Reformed  Church,  of  Littlestown.  and  was  the 
prime  mover  in  making  tin'  Littlestown  congregation  an  independent  charge,  separating 
it  from  Christ  Church  February  8,  1881.  Since  that  time  he  has  been  a  deacon  in  the 
Redeemer's  Reformed  Church. 


GERMANY  TOWNSHIP.  '-'' 

mil's   \    l.i  FEVRE,  bank  caahier,  Littlestown,  is  a  son  of  Enoch  Li  Fevri       At 

theaxei  became  a  student  al  Franklin  and  Marshall  College,  Lanoaster  t  ity, 

and  after  five  years'  studi  graduated  from  tha<  institution.     Subsequently  he  kepi  a  hard 

,,  Gittlestowo  for  upward  of  three  years,  and  al  the  organization  ol  the  Littles- 

■-   Be   lias  held  ever  since. 


town  Savings   institution  was  elected   its  cashier,  a    position   be   baa  held  ever  since. 
Mr    LeFevre  was  married  in  1866  to  Alice  Mehrinj!  nine  children  hving: 

M.,  NevinB.,  Alice  S.,  James  A.,  Carrie  B.,  Edwin  X.,  Claud  M.,  Annie  R  and 
Lulu.  One  child,  Bessie,  died,  aged  six  months.  Mr.  LeFevre  lives  on  and  owns  168 
acres  of  the  old  homestead,  at  LeFevre  Station.  „..„. 

ISAAC  I  YNN    farmer  P  0.  Littlestown,  was  born  August  13,  1808,  in  Mlddl 
Md      His  grandfather   Henry  Lynn,  came  from  Germany  and  settled  in  Maryland,  where 
he  farmed?  and  there  died.    He  had  married  in  Gi 

andtw Qghters.     Of  these,  Jai r,  was  born  m  Maryland  (^ere  he  died, 

h.    married   Catharine  Jacobs,  by   whom   be  had  fivechildren. 
Saac   ii,, ,,a    Mary,  David  and  Susan.    Of  these  Isaac  went  to  school  m  hi 
Be  has  been  a  successful  agriculturist,  and  farmed  with  his  father  till  1835,  when  he  was 


Md.,  where  he  followed  agricultural  pursuits  untp 


seventy-five  years.     Mr.  jbynn  is  a  memDer  oi  me  neiurmcu  uuui ,,,.,,,...- ...... 

and  good  neighbor,  esteemedby  all  with  whom  bee  i  ict.    tte 

n  a  hard  working  man;  starting  in  life  with  nothing,  be  b  is  by  his  own  exertions 

trained  a  comfortable  competency.  ,  ,        .     ..  iA 

Wild  I  \M  McSHERRY,  farmer,  P.  0.  Littlestown,  was  born  in  that  place  April  1  I, 

l88]   ft8(  7ho  was  a  son  of  Patrick  McSherry,  a  native  of  Ireland.    William 

ry,  when  thirteen  years  of  age,  became  a  studenl  in  Mount  St.  Mary's } 
i„  Maryland,  from  which  be  graduated  in  1840.  In  1841  be  began  reading  law  wil 
JamesM    Coale,  of  Frederick  City,  Md.;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  IM-,  and  practiced 


was  again  elected  as  representative  in  l8ol ;  and  was  elected  .n  im.. 
and  1871  e,  serving  both  terms.    He  basbeen  ins  countj  s  unanimous 

candidal.  ions,  but  it  being  the  smallest  county  in  the  dis- 

trict  didnol  receive  the  nomination  in  convention  of  conferees,   [n  188-i.  contrarj 
ownexp  be  was  run  as  an  independent  Democrat  a-amst  the  regular  nomi 

1,  although  defeated,  received  1,100  majority  in  Adams  County.  >»™S  ^  "i* 
official  life  be  served  with  marked  ability.  He  was  tor  years  president  oi  the  Littlestown 
Railroad  i  nd  has  during  his  whole  life  been  an  active  promoter  oi  all  us<  ful 

■  esin  his  community  and  county.     He  is  now,  at  the  age  ol  lars.    n 

robust  health,  and  to  all  appearance  in  the  prime  of  life.      He  IS  the  owner  oi  several  val- 

rms   to  the  management  of  which  he  devotes  the  most  ol  his  time.  _  tie  is  still 
frequently  called  apon  by  bis  fellow-citizens  for  legal  advice  and  counsel,  ■ 
given  without   price,  as   he   has   not   followed   the   regular  practice   of  his  profession  lo 
years.     During  his  legal  practice  be  was  noted  for  never  advising  parties  to  go  to  law,  but 
rather  co  i     M<  -<m  lenient,  which  he  often  effected. 

Will  l\M    \    McSHERRY,   P.  O.  Littlestown,  was  born  m  Mountpleasanl    town 

ship  March' -ie   1824,  and  is  a  son  of  Patrick  and  Mary  (Fishe"r)  McSherrj    both  of  whom 

ounty,  but  nov,  deceased.     Patrici  was  a  farmer,  served  a  long  time 

aspublic  school  director,  and  was  a  quiet  unpretentious,  good  citizen.     William  a    ie- 

■  farm  until  he  was  eighteen  years  of  age.     He  then  learned  the  carpenter  s 

,  .d  fortwenn  years,, hou-h  for  ten  .war-  of  that  timehe  alsotaugh 

during  the  winter  season.     In  1850  he  established  bun  ell    in  a  general 

White  Hall,  and  remained  therefor  thirt;  ind  in  the  meantime  erected  some 

ten  buildings  in  that  place,  including  a  hotel.    In  I881,he  came  toLi  id  opened 

i  store   which  he  still  conducts,  and  also  a  clothing  -tore  in  the  borough,  but  m- 

,  0ne  roof,  in  the  spring.     He  married   in  1851,  Miss 

Amelia   Hull,  of  Carroll    County,  Md.,  who   has    borne  bim   three  daughters  and  one 

JOHN  MK1IKIN'  wasa  native  of  Germany  Township,  this  county,  born 

in  1809.    His  first  mai  '  ith  Amy  Shoemaker  who  bore  him  eight  children  viz  : 

Catherin  isafab  E.,  Jonathan  F.,  Ellen  C    John  0.,  Emma  M.  and  1 Lydia 

Bissecondma,  B  :    11.  a  daughter  oi  Frederick  and  Elizabeth  graves) 

Sell.  i,v  which  u nere  were  three  children:  Solomon  D.,  A^lverta  Matilda  now  the 

wife  of  Harry  Myers,  and  Harriet  R.,  wife  of  W.H.Colehouse.   All  of  the  eleven  cht Wren 
living  and  all  are  married.     Mr.  Mehring  was  a  farmer  all  bis  life  and  owned  t« 
135  and  another  of  in;  aca-.  as  well  as  other  property.     He  was  a  firm 


428  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

Union  man  during  the  war,  and  supported  the  Government  by  his  means  and  influence.  He 
was  a  member  of  St.  John's  Lutheran  Church,  in  which  he  was  nearly  always  an  official 
and  one  ortts  chief  supporters.  He  died  June  16,  1865;  his  widow  still  resides  in  Littles- 
town. 

SOLOMON  D.  MEHRING.  carriage  manufacturer.  Littlestown,  proprietor  of  one  of 
the  most  important  industries  of  Littlestown,  was  born  in  Adams  County  in  1854,  and  is  a 
son  of  John  and  Harriet  (Sell)  Mehring.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  began  to  learn  carriage- 
making  with  Sell  &  Blocher.  of  Littlestown,  and  on  completing  the  same  worked  in  various 
places  at  his  trade  until  18T5,  when  he  formed  a  partnership  with  a  Mr.  Hesson,  and  car- 
ried on  the  carriage-making  business  for  three  years  at  Littlestown.  They  then  dissolved 
partnership,  and  Mr.  Mehring  engaged  in  manufacturing  carriage  wood-work  exclusively 
for  two  years.  In  1880  he  commenced  the  manufacture  of  carriages  in  shops  at  the  west 
end  of  Frederick  Street.  The  business  growing  rapidly,  however,  he  was  obliged  to  have 
better  facilities  for  carrying  it  on,  and  in  1885  he  erected  an  elegant  new  brick  residence, 
and  near  by  a  large  two-story  brick  building,  31x70  feet,  for^a  carriage  warehouse,  while 
the  upper  part  is  the  paint  shop  and  finishing  room.  Adjoining  this  building  arc-  the 
wood- workers  and  blacksmith's  shops.  He  employs  from  twelve  to  fifteen  hands  the  year 
round,  and  makes  a  specialty  of  the  manufacture  of  fine  buggies  and  carriages,  the  buggies 
averaging  in  price  from  $100  up,  and  the  two-horse  carriages  from  $175  to  $250.  He 
allows  nothing  but  the  best  material  to  be  used  in  their  construction,  thus  his  customers 
are  assured  that  they  will  receive  good  honest  value  for  their  money.  The  business  done 
for  the  past  few  years  amounted  to  thousands  of  dollars  annually,  and  is  constantly  in- 
creasing. Mr.  Mehring  was  married,  November  11,  1874,  to  Miss  Emma  J.  Fleiger,  who 
has  borne  him  five  children:  Charles  R.,  Claud  E.,  John  W.,  Robert  L.  andEmma  Edna. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Mehring  are  both  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church. 

L.  T.  MEHRING,  hardware  dealer,  Littlestown,  was  born  in  Carroll  County,  Md., 
November  18,  1836,  a  son  of  Daniel  Mehring  (now  deceased),  who  was  a  prominent  farmer 
and  who  owned  six  different  farms  in  that  county,  which  he  gave  to  his  children.  Our 
subject  lived  with  his  father  until  his  twenty-second  year,  and  obtained  a  good  education 
at  the  subscription  schools  of  the  vicinity.  Mr.  Mehring  is  the  pioneer  of  the  regular 
hardware  business  in  Littlestown,  to  which  place  he  removed  in  1866,  and  has  been  con- 
tinuously in  that  trade  up  to  the  present.  He  carries  a  stock  averaging  the  year  round 
about  $5,000,  and  which  consists  of  all  kinds  of  iron,  steel,  cutlery,  glass,  and  everything 
that  can  be  found  in  a  well-conducted,  first-class  hardware  store,  the  average  sales 
amounting  to  $12,000  annually.  Mr.  Mehring's  residence  and  store  is  a  first-class  brick 
structure,  fitted  with  all  modern  improvements,  and  heated  throughout  by  steam,  and  at  a 
fair  valuation  would  be  worth  about  $6,000.  He  has  also  several  valuable  building  lots  and 
a  farm  of  123  acres  of  highly  cultivated  land,  valued  at  $70  per  acre.  He  built,  in  1885,  a 
large  public  hall,  called  "The  Littlestown  Opera  House,"  capable  of  seating  400  people, 
and  in  many  other  ways  has  helped  to  build  up  and  improve  the  town.  He  is  a  member 
of  St.  Paul's  Lutheran  Church,  and  took  a  prominent  part  in  building  the  present  church 
edifice.  He  was  one  of  the  first  deacons  under  that  organization.  December  17,  1857, 
Mr.  Mehring  married  Julia  A.  Bittinger,  and  seven  children  have  been  born  to  this  union: 
Flora  B.,  wife  of  Louis  W.  Kobler,  a  coach-maker  in  Abbottstown:  Mary  L.,  a  highly 
accomplished  musician,  who  is  teaching  music  in  the  vicinity;  Frederick  B.  H.,  who  died 
at  the  age  of  three  years;  Harry  W.,  now  employed  in  the  Elgin,  111.,  watch  factory;  John 
M.,  who  died  at  the  age  of  one  year;  Levi  Daniel  and  Howard  H.  Levi  D.  is  preparing 
for  the  ministry,  and  expects  to  enter  the  sophomore  class  at  Pennsylvania  College, 
Gettysburg,  Penn.,  in  the  fall  of  1886.     Howard  H,  the  youngest,  is  thirteen  years  old. 

GEORGE  MYERS  (deceased)  was  one  of  the  substantial  and  well-known  citizens  of 
Adams  County.  He  and  his  wife,  Susannah  (Bender)  Myers,  were  natives  of  this  county. 
Mr.  M3Ters,  during  his  eaxly  manhood,  and  while  living  at  Arendtstown,  served  as  major 
in  the  militia,  and  in  fact,  during  his  long  life,  took  an  active  part  in  all  public  affairs, 
although  studiously  engaged  in  his  various  occupations  of  farmer,  merchant,  etc.  In 
1853  he  was  elected  county  commissioner  on  the  Whig  ticket,  and  served  three  years.  He 
was  one  of  the  three  who  purchased  the  ground  for  the  present  court  house,  and  on  the 
building  of  the  Littlestown  Railroad  he  was  among  the  most  active,  aiding  by  means,  some 
$1,500,  and  influence,  in  bringing  it  to  a  successful  completion.  Soon  after  his  marriage 
he  engaged  in  merchandising  for  nine  years  at  Arendtstown  and  three  years  at  New  Ches- 
ter. He  then  bought  a  farm  in  Germany  Township,  and  his  interests,  principally,  from 
that  time  were  there  and  in  Littlestown  Borough  up  to  his  death.  During  the  last  seven 
years  of  his  life  he  was  engaged  in  merchandising  in  Littlestown,  in  partnership  with  his 
son,  Ephraim.  In  1857  he  was  taken  sick  with  dropsy  in  the  breast,  and  though  cured  of 
the  disease,  died  in  1858  from  apoplexy,  leaving  an  estate  worth  $20,000. 

HON.  EPHRAIM  MYERS,  merchant.  Littlestown,  a  son  of  George  and  Susannah 
Myers,  was  born  in  Reading  Township,  this  county,  between  Berlin  and  Petersburg,  Sep- 
tember 29,  1823.  He  passed  his  earlier  years  on  his  father's  farms  and  in  his  stores,  and 
January  1.  1846,  married  Lucinda  Bittinger,  a  daughter  of  Frederick  Bittinger,  of  Ger- 
many Township.     The  following  April  he  became  a  partner  with  his  father  in  a  general 


GERMANY  TOWNSHIP. 


i:!l 


...„.,.  H  I  ittl  stown,  and  al  the  termination  of  this  partm  '  ;  lie  bought  the  lot 
occupies  and  kept  store  until  the  fall  of  1857,  when  he  sold  his  tort  oi  goods  to 
Stonesifer  and  Samuel  M.  Study.  Previous  to  and  at  this  time  he  had  become 
hr,,li  interested  in  the  building  ol  the  Littlestown  Railroad,  and  individually  Bold  most 
at  ii,,  8tock  from  the  proceeds  of  which  the  road  was  built.  Be  was  a  director  for  Ave 
rears  and  was  then  elected  president  of  the  railroad,  a  position  he  held  twelve  years  I  ndei 
his  m-esidency  and  supervision  a  charter  was  secured  (against  much  opposition  from  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad)  from  the  stair  of  Maryland,  and  the  mad  was  exten 
Frederick  Md  It  is  generally  admitted  that  had  it  not  been  for  the  energj  and  business 
tact  of  Mr  Myers  and  hi- hoard  of  railroad  directors  this  much  ueeded  improvement  would 
h.,vr  been  lone  delayed.  During  these  years,  although  activelj  engaged  in  the  railroad 
matters  mentioned,  he  buiH  a  warehouse  and  carried  ....  an  extensive  grain  and  produce 
business  in  partnership  with  Dr.  E.  P.  Shorb,  for  four  and  a  hall  years.  He  thru  sold  his 
interesttoT  B  Klein  and  in  1861  was  elected  count}  commissioner  on  the  Republican 
ticket  bv  a  maioritl  of  ITii  over  hi-  Democratic  opponent,  John  lhittcra.  Ills  term  Ot 
service  was  during  three  years  of  the  war.  during  which  time  he  was  an  ardent  supporter 
of  the  Union  cause,  both  by  mean-  and  influence.  Probably  ....  man  in  Littlestown  has 
taken  a  more  prominent  part  in  it-  business  and  public  enterprises  than  Mr.  Myers.  ,■ 
was  one  of  the  first  movers  and  advocates  to  incorporate  Littlestown  as  a  borough.  He 
was  the  founder  of  Mount  Carmel  Cemetery;  was  also  a  charter  member  and  Btockholdei 
in' the  I  itik-stown  Savings  Institution,  ami  i.as  been  a  director,  with  the  exception 
war-  ever  since;  he  also  takes  an  active  part  in  promoting  the  educational  interests  01 
'the  vicinity  In  religion  he  is  a  Lutheran,  and  in  the  erection  oi  the  St,  I  aul  -  I  buret! 
in  the  borough  contributed  $1,500  toward  its  completion.  He  now  owns  and  carries  on 
the  most  extensive  general  -tore  in  the  place,  in  a  large  three-Story  brick  block,  MX7U 
feet    the  finest  in  the  low  u.      This  he  erected  in  1SGC.  al  a  cost  ol    S1J, .  occupying  part 

of  it  as  a  dwelling,  and  recently  built  adjoining  this  property  another  eleganl  brick .  resi 
deuce  at  a  cost  of  14,000,  now  occupied  by  his  son  Harry  and  family,  these  buddings 
were  made  from  plan-  drawn  by  himself,  and  are  model-  of  convenience;  in  fact,  he 
never  employs  an  architect  in  the  erection  oi    any  of  the  many  buildings  , of  drff erent 

descriptions  that  he  has  built,  including  two  barns  on  his   farms  thai  cost   - ea.  I, 

but  was  his  own  architect  and  superintended  their  erection  personally.  Although  en- 
gaged i„  merchandising  he  i-  still  the  owner  of  three  farms,  near  Littlestown.  containing 
?28  165  and  90  ace-,  respectively,  all  highly  cultivated  land,  valued,  respectively,  with 
improvements,  at  $150,  $125  and  $85  per  acre.  Mr.  Myers  is  at  presenl  a  member  of 
the  Pennsylvania  House  of  Representatives,  and  is  the  first  Republican  elected  to  that 
office  ffom  this  county  in  twenty-five  years.  He  was  elected  in  1884,  by  a  majority  oi 
l.-.fi  while  the  Democratic  President.  Mr.  Cleveland,  received  4..0  majority.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Mven  have  had  a  familv  of  seven  children,  rive  living,  all  married  and  away  Irom  home. 
d  one  of  Littlestown's  most  active  and  enterprising  citizens,  whose  public  improvements 
and  private  enterprises  will  long  show  evidences  of  his  handiwork,  Mr.  Myers  will  be  re- 
membered even  after  he  will  have  ceas..d  to  he  an  actor  in  the  busy  btc  A-  a  railroad 
man  few  are  better  or  more  wid.lv  known  throughout  Pennsylvania   and  Maryland. 

rAMES  W  OCKBR  butcher,  P.  O.  Littlestown,  was  horn  September  B,  to«,  in 
Tanevtown  District,  Carroll  Co..  Md..  son  of  Joseph  Ocker.  who  was  bom  ...  Germany 
Town-hip     Vdams  Co.,  Penn.     The  familv  is  of  German  extraction.     Joseph  Ocker.   who 

died  in  Maryland.  April  IT.   I**',,  aired  seventy-three  year-,  was  a   St S  mason  by   trade 

'  wis  Maranda,  daughter  of  Abraham  Kuhns,  and  had  three  children:  James  W 
losenli  V  and  Mrs  Marv  A,  Crag.  <  »ur  subject,  went  to  school  in  Maryland  and  engaged 
in  farming  in  early  life,  but  has  followed  butchering  for  a  number  of  years;  was  also  a 
stock-dealer  He  came  to  Littlestown  in  the  spring  of  1881,  and  here  married  Miss  Martha 
Pleieer  in  January,  1883;  their  children  are  named  James  and  Edward.  Mr  Ocker  is  a 
memW  of  the  Reformed  and  his  wife  of  the  Lutheran  Church.  He  »s  °ne  of  the  wide 
"wake  business  men  of  Little-town.     Politically  he  has  bee,,  identified  with  the  Demo- 

inlts\MtEL  II    REBERT,  hardware  dealer.  Littlestown,  was  born  in  Conowago  Town- 
shin   September  29,  1*1(1.  and  is  a  -on  of  Samuel  Rebert,  now  deceased.    In  1882  hi 
a  hardware  store  on  Frederick  street.  Littlestown,  and  one syear  later  moved  to  bis  present 
,,„,„,„„  on  Baltimore  street.     He  keep-  a  full  line  of  hardware  and  earn,-  a  stock  aver- 
ts  theyeai  round,  with  sales  of  upward  of  $10, ..ran.......    He  is  an  energetic 

and  Interprising  business  man.  a  substantial  and  honored  citizen;an  ardent.  Democrat  he 
take-au'eiive,,,,-.  in  promoting  the  interests  of  his  party  in  his  sect  ~g.««^"f * 
seeking  or  holding  any  office.  Mr.  Rebert  was  married  December  29,  1885,  ...  Laura  B 
Hesson.     Our  subject  and   -  nbers  of  the  Reformed  Church.     ,„  iao„  .    TT_. 

WILLIAM  RITTASE,  farmer.  P.O.  Littlestown,  was  born  September  12, 1823,  in  Union 

Township.  Adams  Co.,  Pen  .  son  of  John  and  Catharine  (P Rittase,  n  a.  ms of  Wlt- 

kenstein, Wallenberg,  Baden,  South  Germany,  and  who  came  here  while  young settling  near 

Hanover.  Penn..  where  they  fanned,  but  later  moved  to  I  Dion  I  own-hip.  In-  county. 
and  here  died    They  had  six  children  that  attained  maturity:  Jacob  (deceased..  <  hi. -tme 


432  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

William,  Maria,  Ishmael  (deceased)  and  Mary  Ann.  Our  subject  lived  in  Union  Township 
till  1856,  when  he  bought  a  farm  in  Germany  Township,  where  he  now  resides.  He  has 
engaged  in  farming  (has  120  acres  of  land),  and  operates  a  saw-mili.  He  was  married  in 
May,  1851,  to  Miss  Margaret  Bittle,  born  in  Adams  County,  Penu.,  daughter  of  Thomas 
and  Lydia  (Wikert)  Bittle.  She  died  here  February  9,  1881,  the  mother  of  nine  children, 
all  living:  William  F.,  Adolptius,  Emma,  E.  Nelson.  Elmer  H.,  Ella  E.,  Lilly,  Harvey, 
Minnie.  Our  subject's  second  marriage  was  with  Clarissa  Overder,  nee  Kitzruiller.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Rittase  are  members  of  the  German  Reformed  Church.  Politically  he  is  a  Dem- 
ocrat. He  has  held  nearly  all  the  township  offices  such  as  assessor,  supervisor,  etc.,  which 
shows  with  what  respect  and  esteem  his  fellow-men  hold  him.  Few  men  have  lived  in 
the  township  who  are  so  well  known  for  honesty  or  integrity  as  is  Mr.  Rittase.  He  now 
does  all  his  threshing  by  water-power  on  his  farm. 

RAYMOND  S.  SEISS,  M.  D.,  Littlestown,  was  born  between  Emmittsburg  and 
Graceham,  Md.,  June  7,  1825,  a  son  of  John  and  Eliza  (Schuyler)  Seiss,  the  former  a  na- 
tive of  Graceham,  and  the  latter  of  Lancaster  City,  Penn.  The  Doctor  was  reared  on  a 
farm,  and  in  the  meantime  attended  the  schools  of  the  vicinity.  At  the  age  of  twenty- 
two  he  began  a  two  years'  course  of  classical  studies  under  the  Rev.  Edward  Ronthaller, 
and  continued  some  few  months;  afterward,  under  the  instruction  of  his  brother,  Rev. 
Joseph  A.  Seiss,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.,  now  of  Philadelphia.  In  August,  1848,  he  began  reading 
medicine  with  Dr.  William  Zimmerman,  of  Creagerstown,  Md.,  and  afterward  graduated  at 
the  University  of  Maryland  in  March,  1852.  He  began  practice  in  Graceham,  where  he 
married,  March  12,  1852,  Angelica  S.  Gernand.  In  1853  he  moved  to  Union  Mdls.  Car- 
roll Co.,  Md.,  and  March  23.  1855,  settled  at  Littlestown,  where  he  has  practiced  his  pro- 
fession, without  intermission,  ever  since.  After  the  battle  of  Gettysburg  he  dressed  the 
wounds  of  and  attended  many  of  the  Union  soldiers,  a  large  number  of  whom  were 
brought  to  his  office  for  surgical  treatment.  He  was  appointed,  in  1863,  and  served  as 
surgeon  of  the  enrolling  board  for  the  Sixteenth  Congressional  District  of  Pennsylvania 
until  March  18.  1864,  when  he  resigned.  He  was  appointed  a  notary  public,  by  Gov. 
Hartranft,  April  21,  1874,  and  has  retained  the  office  ever  since.  The  Doctor  was  one  of 
the  prime  movers  in  incorporating  the  borough  of  Littlestown,  when  it  received  its  char- 
ter, and  has  been  elected  burgess  ten  different  times,  and  is  the  present  incumbent.  To  the 
Doctor's  energetic  administration  is  largely  due  most  of  the  grading  of  the  streets  and  other 
public  improvements,  as  his  maxim  always  was  "for  the  benefit  of  all  rather  than  a  few." 
He  was  the  nominee  of  the  Republican  party,  in  1872,  for  the  Legislature,  but  was  de- 
feated by  262  votes,  the  regular  Democratic  majority  in  the  county  being  600.  The  Doc- 
tor is  a  member  of  the  Adams  County,  the  State  and  the  National  Medical  Societies,  and 
was  president  of  the  Adams  County  Medical  Society  for  three  terms.  He  is  a-  mem- 
ber of  the  Lutheran  Church.  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Seiss  have  had  a  family  of  six  boys,  four  of 
whom  are  living:  Milton  H.,  Franklin  H.,  M.  D.,  Elmer  W.  and  John  A.  The  Doctor  is 
actively  engaged  in  practice,  and  also  owns  and  operates  a  drug  store;  is  very  comforta- 
bly situated,  financially;  and  enjoys  the  respect  and  confidence  of  all  who  know  him,  and 
of  the  entire  community,  in  which  he  has  lived  for  upward  of  thirty  years. 

AMOS  SHEELEY,  shoemaker,  Littlestown,  wasJporn  in  September,  1828.  in  Mount- 
pleasant  Township,  this  county,  and  is  of  German  extraction.  His  grandfather,  Nicholas 
Sheeley,  a  farmer  of  Mountpleasant  Township,  married  Elizabeth  Rife,  and  both  died  in 
that  township.  Of  their  four  children,  John,  a  farmer  by  occupation,  married  Sarah 
Blank;  he  died  at  the  age  of  seventy-five  and  his  wife  when  seventy-three.  They  had 
twelve  children,  all  of  whom  but  two  are  living.  Of  these  Amos  was  educated  in  the  com- 
mon schools,  in  early  life  learning  shoe-making,  which  he  has  followed  ever  since.  He  has 
lived  for  nineteen  years  in  Littlestown.  Mr.  Sheeley  was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss 
Abigail,  daughter  of  Daniel  Geiselman,  and  by  this  union  has  four  children:  Alice  Lydia 
(wife  of  A.  Degroft),  Hamilton,  Mrs.  Isabella  Shriner,  Mrs.  Emma  A.  Randall.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Sheeley  are  members  of  the  United  Bretheren  Church.  Politically  he  is  identified 
with  the  Democratic  party.  He  has  been  a  good  citizen,  and  has  served  as  a  member  of 
the  town  council. 

JOSEPH  A.  SHORB,  M.  D.  (deceased),  was  a  native  of  York  County,  Penn.,  and  a 
physician  of  over  thirty-five  years'  practice  in  the  borough  of  Littlestown.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Catholic  Church,  and  took  great  interest  in  religious  matters.  Asa  citizen 
and  as  a  physician,  no  man  probably  was  more  widely  or  favorably  known  during  his 
lifetime  in  Adams  and  surrounding  counties.  He  died  in  1855.  He  and  his  wife,  Louisa 
J.  Davis,  a.  daughter  of  Dr.  Ephraim  Davis,  of  Littlestown,  were  the  parents  of  thirteen 
children,  only  two  of  whom  are  now  (1886)  living.  Dr.  Edmund  F.,  of  Littlestown,  and 
Joseph  A.,  Jr..  of  Hagerstown,  Md. 

EDMUND  F.  SHORB,  M.  D.,  Littlestown,  was  born  at  that  place  November  21.  1825. 
When  about  fourteen  years  of  age  he  became  a  student  at  Mount  St.  Mary's  College,  and 
remained  there  three  years.  He  then  commenced  reading  medicine  in  his  father's  office, 
and  at  eighteen  years  of  age  began  attending  lectures  at  the  University  of  Maryland,  from 
which  he  graduated,  his  diploma  as  physician,  being  dated  1846.  He  began  and  continued 
practice  at  Littlestown  for  twelve  years,  when  he  gave  it  up  on  account  of  failing  health. 


GERM  \\Y    TOWNSHIP. 


133 


He  was  then  emraeed  in  the  grain  and  produce  business  six  years,  when  be  sold  put 

If  tM^hree  Var?  rest  be  opened  a  hardware  store  and tinned  that ,b 

when  he  again  sold  oSt,  and  aftei                    i   dremeni  in  1884,  bought  his  presen 
a  ,1  ■  ,  I  oDenef  a  drug  store,  al  the  same  time  resuming  the  practice  ol  med.eine.     Hie 
rwns?o?merl3  a  Whig,  but  since  the  do  \  m  has ,  acted  with  the 

orXnarti      Hewastlected  and  served  three  years  as  auditor  of  Adams  County, 
.    ,"  .>      ,1.  \.  -   u  ,  once  as  burgess  of  Littlest The  Doctor  was  mar- 

ried January  3   1871    toEUen   B    Heath,  a  daughter  oi   the  late  Judge  Robert  Heath  of 
,  v    ,■'    ,  ,  ■  aubiecl  and  wife  have  had  two  children:  Mary  Q.,  now  attending 

tanrobabh    by  residence,  the  oldest  practicing  physician  in  A. is  County. 

PH  T  8LAUQHENHAUPT,   photographer,   Littlestown,  was  born  &pri]   17.  1846,  in 

Tanevtown  District  Carroll  Co..  Md.,  and  is  of  Ger a  extraction      Efis  grandfather, 

,,  i      chair-maker  near  Taneytown,  Md    and  there  died  at  u 

i    1     v  uiiv    whowasa  Miss  Newcomer,  died  there  also      rhey  were  parents of Ae 

I.Catharine,  Anna  Barbara    Susan .and  f^r«t     Oi   these 

Samnpl   who  was  born  near  Taneytown,  Md.,  died  August  18.  1881,  at  Harney,  ma.,  agea 

Stv-flve   he toe-maker  in i  M    bul  farmed  the  last  thirl  He 

mIr?ieydMaryA.DeHoff.adausht   rot   Pete,    DeHoff  who  «.  . tc.pt 

Cue?D%c  ^Ai^L'JRai^iSS.!   OHb 

fe  :.     "  Sedinthecomm L  at  the  Eagleton  Institute      His  earh 

,  ^aJsi  .i,,!,.-  t-=„-.. ,     Ai  the  ageof  twenty  <  hidh 

1  :  ■.. ,1.     I"  February,  1875,  he  moved  to  littlestown  this  county  and  has 

heen  here  ever  Bince      Mr   Slaughenhaupl  wax  united  in  marriage,  Octobei  12,  1875   witn 

M  -  Man  E    .1  aughterof  Rev,  Louis  A.  Wickey,  who  was  a  son  ol  Dr   Louis  W.ckey,  a 

oitiv^wiizeriand   who  gained  considerable  celebrity  during  the  cholera  epidemic  in 

?J5Ie Z*  havine  doss,  hich  was  effectually  ..sod  a^.ust   the 

oSffn  WaehSrSo  County    Md.,  and  York  County.   Penn.     This  medicine  is  no* 

madSbvH  Tl Bli^nhaupt  after  the  original  formula.    To  Mr.  Slaughenhaupl  were 

on    t   -  ,1,1,1'.  ■  I!,-..!:.!.   B.   and   Louis  Trueman.     Mr.   and  Mrs.  Slaughenhaupl  are 

!„!,,'  United   Brethren  Church.     He  is  a  prohibitionist  and  an  independent 

voter     For  some  years  he  has  been  a  correspondent  lor  a  number  of  newspapers. 

WILLIAM  S^IFEn    P   0    Littlestown,  was  born  in  Onion  Township,  this  county, 

Iulvl5  18J0  a  fonof  Jacob  Henry  Slifer,  a  native  of  Alsace,  Germany,  who  paid  the  pas- 

,;,,,;  'ili  himself    wife  andtwo  children  al  Bremen,  but  the  captain  oi  thevessel 

abfco  Sere left  without  sufficient  jg*  ^f^?,"^ 

wasthen  obliged  to  make  another  contract  with  a  captain  to  work,  after  his  arrival  in 

Ame  done-half  years  in  payment  For  the  f amil  0  ".  he 

ed  out  by  working  fo/john  wWod,  of  Union  Township  the  above .named (period 

md  his  wife  arrived  in  that  township  in   1817,  the  two  children   havingdieda 

wherethev  wereburied.     Jacob  Henry  was  a  weaver  by  trade,  and  after  becoming o 

.    a      ,',  1,  i,   ,arri,,l  ,.„  Hu-  weaving  business  for  eight  years  in  I  mon  rownsl up.     He 
nenPtou|htsb  and  one-half  acres  of  land  at  Whitehall,  «tountple«antTowTjalup,  and 
built  a  ffouse  and  kepi  a  itoi        He  died   verj    suddenly  ol  palsy  in   ^.leaving 
,-liil.l    William   our  subiecl      8  ifterward  his  widow  married  Adam  Ueuer,  ana 

robseq  ue  t.'m  ■    1  West    W  wed  in  thestore,  which  bee i  "is  sole  charge 

...Mi-.      '.I,,,  He  married  Mary  Am.  Hornberger,  and  soon  after  sold  the 

£S  .nTownship.     He  followed  this  vocation  for  tweng- 

years,  and  an I  a  comfortable  competency.     He   has  bee in  a -Me-lpng  Democrat 

and  has  served  the  borough  of  Littlest  a  V  m.  mem  ber  ofc  uncil  tax     1      ter 

,.„.  ber  of  St.  Paul's  Lutheran  Church.    Mr.  and  Mrs   Slifer  ha  vi   naaeieven 

whom  are  living:  Mary  Ann   E.,  John   X..  William  J.,   Henry    E.  and 
KllaUr^ua  ^  aQd     h0Sphates,  Littlestown  was  born  in l  Union 

TownshipinDecember,  1848.  and  is  asonof  William  and  Mary  ^(Hornbe, 
\,  the  •,.,.  ,>f  M-vmh  on  i,i'   learned  the  blacksmith's  trade,  which  be  followed  ave  years, 
U,      ,.'.;',,    im'kil,    n  Union  Township.     In   1870  he  came  .to  Littlestown  and  b. 
dealingfn  ml,  also  continuing  the  lime  business  up  to  1883;  since  then  he  ha ibeer 
,.,„.,  isphates.     In  1883  be  was  elected,  on  the  Dem 

ocf  of  the, r  for  Aoamf County  which  offlci   be  at present fill 

isalsoamembe,  ,  rd  o    Littl  served  ;,  meml  er  oi  the  cou 

eral  terms,  and  is  a   substantial,  representative  citizen.     He  and  his  famil 
members  of  St.  Paui's  I-  rch,  of; which  he  has  on  vanousoccasio 

He  was  married,  D  Elizabeth  Howard  daughter  ol 

m  and  Elizabeth  (Bushman)   [toward.    Tiny  have  bul  one  child,  Mary,  born  Oi 

IhNSMITH.  farmer   P   0.  Littlestown,  was  fa.                      I    ^    in  M'."'"!fe; 
ant  Township,   on  th.    Bonneauville  &  Oxford   Road,    where  h.s  grandfather,    (  


434  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

Smith,  kept  a  still-house.  Charles  Smith,  who  stood  high  in  this  county,  came  from  Ger- 
many; was  a  farmer,  weaver,  distiller  and  quite  a  business  man,  having  many  men  work- 
ing for  him;  he  died  on  the  farm  above  mentioned.  By  his  marriage  with  Miss  Weikert 
he  had  eight  sons  and  three  daughters.  Of  these  children,  Joseph  Smith,  who  was  born 
about  1792,  and  died  in  1857,  aged  about  sixty-five  years,  was  ,a  farmer;  married  Mary, 
daughter  of  Jacob  Lawrence,  and  who  died  in  1867,  the  mother  of  twelve  children.  Of 
these  John,  our  subject,  farmed  on  the  homestead  till  his  marriage,  when  he  came  to  Lit- 
tlestown,  this  county,  and  followed  agriculture  here  for  four  years  for  Hon.  William  Mc- 
Sherry.  He  acquired  his  education  in  the  public  schools;  has  been  a  farmer  all  his  life, 
and  now  owns  sixty-five  acres  of  land,  though  he  lives  in  Littlestown,  where  he  intends 
to  pass  the  evening  of  his  life.  He  was  married  to  Miss  Anna,  daughter  of  Jacob  Wei- 
rick,  and  by  her  has  three  children  now  living:  Edmund  F.,  Mrs.  Clara  L.  Smith  and 
William  A.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Smith  are  members  of  the  Catholic  Church.  He  has  ever  been 
a  Democrat,  and  has  held  the  office  of  supervisor. 

JAMES  G.  SPALDING,  farmer,  P.  O.  Littlestown,  was  born  in  Carroll  County,  Md.. 
and  is  of  English  descent.  His  grandfather,  Henry  Spalding,  was  born  in  one  of  the  lower 
counties  of  Maryland,  and  in  the  course  of  time  settled  in  Frederick  (now  Carroll)  County, 
Md.  He  married  Annie  Elder,  and  he  and  his  wife  died  in  Carroll  County,  Md.  Their 
son,  Henry.  Jr.,  settled  in  Germany  Township,  this  county,  and  married  Maria  Hughes,  a 
native  of  Maryland,  daughter  of  John  Hughes.  He  and  his  wife  died  where  our  subject 
now  resides.  Of  their  children,  nine  in  number.  James  G.  is  the  eldest  son.  Our  subject 
married  Miss  Lucinda  M.  Fink,  who  was  born  in  this  township,  and  died  here  in  Septem- 
ber, 1855,  the  mother  of  one  son — William  F.  Mr.  Spalding  was  married,  on  second  occa- 
sion, to  Agnes  Hemler,  a  native  of  Mountjoy  Township,  this  county,  daughter  of  Henry 
Hemler,  and  to  this  union  were  born  ten  children,  seven  of  whom  are  living:  Lucinda, 
James  D.,  Annie  M.  Cecelia,  Eugene,  Martin  J.,  Mary  R.  and  Sadie  A.  Mr.  Spalding 
has  been  identified  with  the  Democratic  party  all  his  life,  and  has  filled  important  town- 
ship offices,  such  as  assessor  and  assistant  assessor.  He  has  a  farm  of  140  acres  which  he 
keeps  in  a  high  state  of  cultivation. 

JACOB  SPANGLER.  Jr.,  farmer,  P.  O.  Littlestown,  was  born  November  23,  1839,  in 
Mountjoy  Township,  this  county.  The  Spangler  family  were  originally  natives  of  Swit- 
zerland, and  of  the  four  brothers  who  came  together  from  that  country  two  settled  south 
and  two  west  of  York,  York  Co.,  Penu.  Rudy,  one  of  the  four,  married,  and  had  a  fam- 
ily of  five  children,  of  whom  Jacob  was  born  April  27,  1803,  in  York  County,  and  there 
married  Elizabeth  Detter,  who  was  born  May  25,  1807,  daughter  of  Matthias  and  Susannah 
(Bobe)  Detter.  To  this  union  were  born  ten  children,  all  now  living:  Edward,  Sarah, 
Samuel,  Elizabeth,  David,  Jacob,  Matthias,  Susannah  A.,  Barnhart  and  George  William. 
Jacob  Spangler,  Sr.,  who  has  been  a  farmer  all  his  life,  in  1829  settled  in  Mountjoy  Town- 
ship, this  county,  where  he  farmed  until  he  came  to  Littlestown  in  1876,  since  which  time 
he  has  lived  a  retired  life.  His  son,  Jacob,  Jr.,  was  educated  in  this  township,  was  reared 
on  a  farm,  but  has  lived  in  town  since  his  father  moved  here,  and  is  now  taking  care  of 
his  aged  parents.  He  has  been  an  exemplary  citizen  all  his  life.  In  politics  he  is  a  Dem- 
ocrat. 

ALEXANDER  STAUFFER,  proprietor  of  the  "Central  Hotel,"  Littlestown,  is  of 
German  extraction.  His  grandfather,  Jacob  Stauffer,  a  farmer  of  Jackson  Township, 
York  Co.,  Penn.,  who  died  there  at  an  advanced  age,  was  an  old  line  Whig;  married,  and 
had  five  children.  Of  these  Henry  was  born  on  the  old  homestead,  where  he  still  resides, 
aged  seventy-four  years.  He  was  a  farmer  and  distiller  before  the  war.  In  politics  he  is 
now  a  Republican,  formerly  a  Whig,  and  has  held  township  offices  of  trust;  is  a  member 
of  the  Lutheran  Church.  He  was  married  to  Margaret  Glatfelter,  who  is  the  mother  of 
six  children:  Mrs.  Lucinda  Jacobs,  Mrs.  Sarah  Laucks,  Henry  K.,  Mrs.  Isabella  Jacobs, 
Benjamin  F.  and  Alexander.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Henry  Stauffer  are  both  yet  living.  Our 
subject  was  educated  in  the  schools  near  home  and  at  York  County  Academy,  York, Penn. 
At  the  age  of  nineteen  he  began  teaching  and  taught  school  four  winters.  After  this  he 
engaged  in  farming  on  one  of  the  farms  of  his  father  (who  was  also  a  successful  agricul- 
turist), in  Dover  Township,  and  there  continued  until  April,  1884,  when  he  leased  the 
"Central  Hotel"  in  Littlestown,  which  he  bought  out  in  the  fall  of  the  same  year  and 
has  been  keeping  a  first-class  hotel  here  ever  since.  Mr.  Stauffer  was  married  to  Miss 
Annie  Mary,  daughter  of  John  Hoke.  To  this  union  were  born  Birdie  Alex.,  Lillie  Ann, 
Hattie  Bell,  Harry  John  and  Jennie  May.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stauffer  are  members  of  the 
Lutheran  Church.     Politically  he  is  a  Republican. 

MARTIN  L.  STAVELY,  carpenter,  P.  O.  Littlestown.  was  born  May  10.  1827,  in 
Meyers  District,  Carroll  Co..  Md.  His  father,  Jacob  U.  Stavely,  a  native  of  Wurtemburg, 
Germany,  came  to  America  at  the  age  of  seventeen  and  settled  in  Maryland,  where  he 
followed  his  trade  (carpentering);  married  Lydia  Cramer,  born  in  York  County,  Penn.. 
daughter  of  Henry  Cramer,  and  who  died  March  1,  1886,  aged  eighty-six  years,  one  month 
and  eleven  days,  the  mother  of  six  children:  Carolina.  Martin  L.,  Mary  Ann,  Rebecca, 
Matilda  and  Ellen,  all  now  living.  Jacob  U.  Stavely  died  February  12,  1868.  aged  seventy- 
three  years.     Our  subject  came  to  Germany  Township,  this  county,  at  the  age  of  seven 


GERMANY  TOWNSHIP. 


i:;r, 


inn 
<i 
■d 


reus  was  educated  here,  and  learned  and  followed  his  father's  brade  tor  forty  years,  bu 
no"  ives  on  ■  farm.  Be  was  married  March  6,  1851,  to  Selena  E., daughter oi  David  an. 
jullann  (Staley)  Bnider,  and  who  was  born  in  Germany  Township,  ^■»™^Mri*W; 
hereJulv  10  1858  themotherof  five  children:  Jacob  Calvin,  Sarah  J.  (wife  ol  Rolandos 
Wintrode).  David  R.,  Noah  Wesley  and  Edwin  (deceased).     Mi   Staveh  was  m«rud,on 

ad  occasion,  to  Martha  Ann,  daughter  oi    Senrj  and  Ajin  (Alter)  Johns,  and  to  this 

„i,'mv  ,   Dine  children!    QeSrge   W.   Mrs    Emma    R    Qreenholtz   OttolL, 

Enhraim  li  Uice  V  .  Louis  Grant,  Franklin  R.,  Barvej  E.  (deceased),  Samuel  1  .  Mr 
and  Mr'  Stavel  are  members  of  St.  John's  Lutheran  Church  Be  has  filled  the  offices  of 
maijector  of  elections  assessor  and  jury  commissioner.     Politically  he  le  a  Republu  an. 

I  Mill'.  STONESIFER  (dei  eased)  was  a  native  oi  this  county,  as  was  also  his  wire, 
Susan  (Vance)  Stonesifer      Be  was  a  miller  by  trade,  a  business  be  carried  on  for  about 

s^years  during  his  early  manh I.  principal!)   in  Man  land,  with  the  exception  of  a 

ahor  lime  at  muling  in  this  county.  Curing  his  Inn-  residence  here,  he  was  ,-ngag  u 
farming.    Be  was  of  an  i  position  and  took  pari   in  various  public  affairs. 

ThSugS  never  much  of  a  politfcian,  he  voted  with  the  Democratic  party,  and  was  elected 
to  and  servedin  several  local  offices,  lie  was  a  member  of  the  Refonned  (  torch, .and took 
an  active  part  in  its  affairs,  being  deacon  ami  elder  for  many  years.  Bis  wife,  Susan 
Vanee  died  in  1888.  By  her  there  were  seven  children.  Bis  second  wife  was  Susan 
Meltzhimer  who  bore  him  five  children.     Be  died  m  1851,  and  his  widow  in  1854.         , 

GEORGE  STONESIFER,  merchant,  Littlestown,  was  bum  in  what,  is  now  Union 
Township  this  -  ounty,  December  26,  1821,  a  son  of  Jacob  and  Susan  ,\  ance)  Stonesifer, 
both  natives  oi    this  county.     Be  was  reared  until  the  age  oi   twent;  four  years,  on  his 

tether's  farm,  attending  the  subscription  sehools  near  Westminster.  M.I..  and  ae,  iinnii.tr  an 

education      From  1848  to  1857,  be  was  engaged  in  a  marketing  business  between  Ltttles- 

to^and  Westminster.     In  1857,  be.  in  company  with  S.   M  Study,  opened  a  general 

o'  atLittlestown      In  1865   Mr  Stonesifer  was  elected  assistant  county  assessor  on  the 

Demo  ra  tieket.  and  sold  bis  , merest  in  the  store.  Be  served  in  the  above  office 
relV,'ars  and  a  half,  and  in  1869,  in  company  with  S.  P.  \  oung,  again  began  nier- 
chandlsing  at  Littlestown.  Eleven  months  later  he  bought  Young's  interest  ra  the 
business  and  since  then  has  been  alone  and  continuously  in  trade  up  to  date,  lie  was 
one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Littlestown  Savings  Institution,  a  director  lor  sixteen  years, 
and  is  at  present  its  president,  lie  was  a  prominent  promoter  in  buildingthe  Littlestown 
gauioad, a  director  for  twenty  years,  and  is  now.  and  has  bee,  for  the  past  ten  years, 

•  retar  'and  treasurer  of  the  railroad,  lie  is  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church  \\  hen 
B*  Luke's  Church,  SI  Luke's  Parsonage  and  St.  Johns  Parsonage  were  bu.lt.  be  was  a 
a  member  of  the  building  committee  on  each  and  acted  as  treasurer  lor  all.  and  ook  a  gen- 
eral   and    active    par.    in    their   erection.      In    Is  Hi  lie  was  marned  to  Luemda  C .  bwope ,a 

daughter  of  Ephraim  Swope  of  this  county.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stonesifer  have  had  ten  Chil- 
dren four  now  living:  Sarah  C,  Mary,  Laura  J.  and  Theodore  1.  M  r.  S.onesitcr  18  9 
substantial  and  energetic  merchant  and  one  of   Littlestown  s  most  honored  Citizens. 

a    |;    U|  -\\i.i:    physician,  Littlestown,  was  born  in  Manchester,  Carroll  Co.,  Mfl., 

December  10,   1847,  and  during  his  earlier  years  attended   the  Manchester  St  I Is,  and  la- 

completed  his  classical  studies  at  Franklin  and  Marshall  College,  LancasterCity.  in 
lsGit  he  began  studying,  to  qualify  himself  as  a  surgeon  and  physician,  in  theofflce  ol  Dr. 

J    F    Weaver     at    Si  am  -li.--t.-i ',    and  subsequently   became    a   student    in    the   Hahnemann 

Medical  College,  at  Philadelphia,  where  he  wasgraduated  in  March,  1872,  and  the  follow- 

ing  winter  located  at    Littlestown.      He  is  a  -lose   student  and  hard  worker,  and  has  built 

up  a  large  andlucrative  practice,  which  requires  his  attention  mghl  and  day. He  is,  how- 
ever, a  man  of  splendid  physique,  and  capable  of  enduring  a  vast  amount _ofphysical tar 
i,(>t,     September  15,  1875,  he  married  Miss  M.  Jennie  Crouse,  a  daughter  of  W.  F.  Grouse, 

"f  I'i{FV 'i-'V'l  VS  I)  WEIGLE,  A.  M..  pastor  of  St.  Paul's  Evangelical  Lutheral  Church, 
Littlestown,  w.-.s  bo,-.,  in  Butler  Township,  this  county.  January  19,  1848,  a  son  of  Chns- 
,ia„  and  Elizabeth  (Guisel  Weigle.  Christian  Weigle  was  a  farmer,  a  native  of  York 
County,  bul  for  upward  of  fifty  years  a  resident  of  this  county  and  died  in  Tfra»Tmt 
ship  Octobers,  1879,  aged  seventy-two  years.  His  widow,  also  a  native  of  Oils  county, 
-  -  ill  living  in  Tyrone  Township.    The  subject  of  this  sketch  renamed  with  his  fathei 

an,  1    he    was    twentvonc      lie    then    attended    school    at     BunterstOWU   for   about   tour 

months,  and  on  return!  ig  be  took  charge  of  the  school  near  his  father  s,  where  he 

bad  formerly  been  a  pupil,  and  kept  it  one  term.  Alter  the  close  of  his  school  m  the 
sDringoflsHo   be  became  astudenl   at  the  Selinsgrove  Missionary  [nstitute  to  prepari 

himself  for  coll Aftei   close  application  for  eleven  months  he  entered  the  Ereshman 

.  at  the  institute,  and,  during  the  freshman  and  sophomore  years,  he  became  a  tutor 
,h,.ri.  a,  a-e  ping  up  with  h,s  studies      l„  1878  he  entered  the  ]un 

ai lollege,  and  wa/graduated  there  in  June,  .1875,  with  the ^urth  honor  of 

his  class.     Be  then  accepted  'rship  of  mathematics  and  hnghsh  a    the  Missiom 

ary  Institute  for  one  year,  and.  in  the  fall  of  1876  entered  the  iheologtea  seminary  at 
Gettysburg  and  was  graduated  with  his  class  in  June.  1878,  having  supplied  the  St.  Paul  s 


436  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

pulpit  at  Littlestown  from  January  20  until  September,  1878,  when  he  was  ordained  and 
became  the  regular  pastor.  While  at  Pennsylvania  College  he  was  a  leading  spirit  in  the 
literary  societies,  and  was  one  of  the  orators  at  the  biennial  anniversary  of  the  Phrena- 
kosmian  Society,  of  which  he  was  a  member  February  22,  1^74,  ami  is  still  deeply  inter- 
ested in  the  college  and  its  affairs,  on  which  be  keeps  an  affectionate  eye.  He  contributes 
literary  articles  to  the  Lutheran  Quarterly,  and  is  a  regular  correspondent  for  several 
newspapers.  During  his  ministry  at  St.  Paul's  he  has  also  acted  as  secretary  of  the  West 
Pennsylvania  Synod  of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church,  and  continues  to  be  a  close 
student  and  careful  reader  of  the  literature  of  the  day.  He  is  at  present  a  director  in  the 
seminary.  Gettysburg,  Penn.  Mr.  Weigle  was  married,  October  16,  1879,  to  Hannah 
Bream,  a  daughter  of  William  and  Harriet  Bream,  and  they  have  two  children:  Luther 
Allen  and  Harriet  E. 

SAMUEL  WEIKERT,  P.  <».  Littlestown.  was  born  in Mountpleasant  Township,  this 
county.  February  12,  1815.  His  father,  George  Weikert,  was  twice  married;  first  t<>  Bliss 
Spitler,  who  died,  leaving  ten  children:  John,  Elizabeth,  George,  Peter,  Andrew.  Henry, 
Catherine,  Fanny,  Mary  and  Jacob.  He  then  married  Mrs.  Ann  Maria  Colestock,  net 
Lightner,  who  bore  him  four  children:  Margaret,  Sarah.  Samuel  (subject),  and  William. 
Samuel  Weikert,  at  the  age  of  sixteen,  went  to  Coler's  Hour-mill,  in  York  County,  where 
he  remained  for  six  years,  four  years  in  learning  the  business,  and  two  in  conducting  it. 
He  then  followed  milling  in  Conowago  Township,  this  county,  for  seventeen  years,  and  at 
Berlin,  York  County,  five  years.  He  came  to  Littlestown  in  I860,  and.  in  company  with 
John  Puttera.  engaged  in  buying  and  shipping  grain  for  several  years.  He  has  now  given 
up  active  business  and  is  living  in  retirement.  In  1843  Mr.  Weikert  married  Lydia  Sho- 
walter,  who  bore  him  four  children,  three  now  living:  Mary  Josephine  (wife  of  Alouzo  San- 
ders). Charles  E.  (married  to  Mary  Fink),  and  Emma  (married  to  Luther  Alleman).  Mr. 
"Weikert  is  a  member  of  St.  Paul's  Lutheran  Church,  and  contributed  liberally  toward 
building  the  edifice;  has  also  officiated  as  elder  in  the  church.  He  is  a  Republican,  polit- 
ically, and  has  served  the  borough  in  several  local  offices.  His  grandparents,  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
John  Weikert,  were  natives  of  Lancaster  County,  Penn.,  and  many  years  ago  settled  in 
Mountpleasant  Township,  this  county.     They  are  both  buried  in  St.  John's  graveyard. 

SAMUEL  P.  YOUNG,  retired  farmer,  Littlestown,  was  born  January  18,  181S,  in 
Union  Township,  Adams  Co.,  Penn.,  a  grandson  of  Peter  Young,  a  native  of  Pennsylva- 
nia, who  settled  in  Union  Township  (in  the  Shorb  neighborhood!.  Peter  Young  married 
a  .Miss  Burkhardt,  by  whom  he  had  four  children:  Rachel.  John,  and  two  others.  The 
grandparents  died  on  the  old  homestead,  and  there  their  sou,  John  Young,  also  died,  aged 
eighty-four.  John  Young,  who  was  also  a  farmer,  married  a  Miss  Oyster,  who  died  leav- 
ing one  child,  John  Young  (also  deceased).  John  Young  was  married  on  the  second  occa- 
sion to  Mrs.  Catharine  McSherry,  a  daughter  of  Mr.  Little,  the  founder  of  Littlestown. 
this  county.  She  died  on  the  old  homestead  aged  eighty-four  years.  To  this  union  were 
born  two  children:  Mrs.  Sally  Felty  (deceased)  and  Samuel  P.  Our  subject  was  educated 
in  this  township,  and  for  a  time  engaged  in  farming,  but  for  the  last  two  years  has  lived  in 
Littlestown.  He  has  been  twice  married,  first  to  Margaret,  daughter  of  Judge  George 
Will,  and  who  died  the  mother  of  nine  children:  William  A..  Eliza  J.,  Mary  C,  Margaret, 
John  A..  Clara  A.  (deceased),  Sally,  Charles  S.  and  Laura.  Our  subject  was  married  on 
the  second  occasion  to  Miss  Cecilia  C.  Will,  another  daughter  of  Judge  Will.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Young  are  members  of  the  Reformed  Church.  Politically  he  is  identified  with  the 
Republican  party. 

WILLIAM  YOUNT,  dealer  in  boots  and  shoes,  Littlestown,  was  born  near  East  Ber- 
lin May  19,  1832.  and  for  thirty  five  years  has  been  prominent^-  identified  with  the  bus- 
iness and  other  interests  of  Littlestown.  He  is  a  son  of  George  and  Sarah  (Bender)  Yount, 
both ~of  whom  were  natives  of  Lancaster  County.  Penn..  and  both  now  deceased.  In 
youth  he  learned  the  harness  and  saddle-maker's  trade,  and  when  twenty-one  years  of  age 
opened  a  harness  shop  in  Littlestown,  which  he  conducted  for  seven  years,  sometimes 
alone  and  sometimes  in  partnership.  For  nine  or  ten  years  he  conducted  a  general  store; 
then  engaged  for  two  years  in  the  grain  business;  but  for  several  years  past  has  kept  a 
boot  and  shoe  store,  which  he  is  still  conducting,  keeping  a  full  line  of  goods,  with  sales 
averaging  $4,000  to  $5,000  a  year.  He  also  owns  a  boot  and  shoe  store  at  Taneytown, 
Md.,  which  is  managed  by  his  son,  F.  M.  Yount,  and  is  interested  in  another  at  Harris- 
burg,  conducted  by  another  son,  Charles  E.  Yount.  Our  subject  is  a  Republican,  and  has 
filled  many  offices  in  the  gift  of  the  borough  and  township,  and  at  present  is  a  member  of 
the  school"  board.  He  was  appointed  postmaster  at  Littlestown  April  6,  1881,  and  held  the 
office  until  September  7.  1885:  was  a  charter  member  of  the  Mount  Carmel  Cemetery  Com- 
pany: was  active  in  procuring  the  charter  for  Littlestown  Borough,  and  is  a  stockholder, 
charter  member  and  vice-president  of  the  Maryland  &  Pennsylvania  Mining  Company, 
of  Baltimore  City,  of  which  he  is  the  agent  at  Littlestown.  This  company  was  chartered 
to  do  a  general  mining  business  and  for  other  purposes,  December  17,  1884.  Mr.  Yount 
is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Church;  served  on  the  building  committee  of  the  church 
edifice,  and  contributed  liberally  to  its  completion,  as  well  as  to  other  churches  in  tie- 
vicinity.     He  was  married,  January  4.  1854,  to  Mary  M.,  a  daughter  of  Jacob  Bishop,  an  I 


HAMILTON    TOWNSHIP.  |:'" 

twelve  children  blessed  this  union  Francis  M  ,  born  April  21,  1855  (  barf.  -  i:  bora  April 
Sarah  I      born  June  2   1859;  Willie,  born  Novemba  26,  1861,  and  died  in  infancy; 

Martha  Janl  born  Ju™e   18   1863;  II ird  B.,  born   tfaj  21,  1866,  died  in  infancy:  John 

Wesley  born    \u i  27,  1868;  Wan  Alice,  born  August  23,  1870;  Clara,  born   March    7, 

jsie  .'.  born  May  6,  1875;  Edgar  II..  born   November   I.  1877,  and  died  July  19, 

,1  ha  N  .  born  October  21,  1879. 


CHAPTER  LVI. 

HAMILTON  TOWNSHIP  &  BOROUGH  OF  EAST  BERLIN. 

DR  SAMUEL  MEISENHBLDER  (deceased)  was  born  in  Dover,  York  County  about 
.818  "son  of  .la,  ob  and  Mary  Meisenhelder.     Be  was  a  student  oi  Dr.  Robert  Lewis,  oi 
,,,;.;'-,,  i  Sated  al  Jefferson  Medical  CoUege  in  1851.     He  began  to  practice  his 
,,!•■:..  in  Dover;  ra,„,  to   Easl   Berlin  in   1851;  located  permanently,  andremtuned 
SntifhUdeatb   which  occurred  Si  ptember  3,  1884.     His  marriage  with  Josephine  Lewis, 
,  1  U  of  Dr  Robert  Lewis,  of  Dover,  took  place  June  16,  1842,  and  four  sons  were  born 
to  .leu- union  viz  :  Edmund  W.,  Orpbilla,  Robert  N.  and  Webster     OrphiUa .and  Web- 
■      i    1  nc  hildhood.     Edmund  W.  and  Robert  X.  were  bothpupils  of  their  father,  and 
aduated  from   Jefferson  Medical  College  (Edmund   W.  in  1868,  and  Robert ;N. 
aUnd  W.  was  al-,  a  graduate  in   Pennsylvania   College    oi    Gettysburg, 
whereDr  Rober   N    also  completed  bis  education.     Dr.  Edmund  WT formed  apartner- 
si    ,  withhis  father  in  the  practice  of  medicine  in  1868,  and  continued  three  years  ares 
ov  t  of  hisnatfve  villa,,.   In  1870  In-  married  Maria  Baughman,  of  Baughmansville,  Tort 
„    and  the  next  year  located  in  York.  Penn.,  where  he  still  resides     In  18     Dr. 
N "formed  a  partnership  with  his  father .which  was  -^g"0^  ^tit*a*^  g1 
the  latter,  since  which  event  be  has  been  in  practice  alone. .  In    8J6Dr'  R.  V  m;  mwWU 
Mi,,.  Lentz   daughteroi  John  and  Lavina  Lentz,  of  Dayidsburg,  Penn.     rwo  children 
Sta  union:  John    Elmer  and  Josephine   Lewis     During  *e  acbye  professional 
;,,,  Meisenheldei   he  ha-  Blled  numerous  official  positions  n  his ,t own  and  is  at 
pr,.-,n,  a  membei  oi   the  school  hoard.     Hi-  father  was,  dm-ing  his  life,  the  leading  phy- 
i  i,,  and  surgeon  of  this  pari  of  Adams  County,  and  hi-  son  follows  <  losely  in  lis  foot- 
si.  P  "  with,  if  possible,  an  Increased  practice,  possessing  the  confidence  of  the  public  as  a 

'"'"'loiiN'rirKlNc    P  0    Bast  Berlin,  was  born  September  3,  1806,  and   is  the  oldest 

now  living  in  East  Berlin.     His  education  was  obtained  in  the  schools  oi  his  na- 

'  • !  \'-ii  ■  bis  father  removed  to  Westmoreland  County  he  was  a  teacher  foi 

aVumbefof  Tears  in  the  "church  schoolhouse"  and  also  in  the  brick  house  no*  theresi 

;,!",.,  Ada,,,  Wolf.     He  was  appointed  by  Gov.  Wolf  in  1832  clerk  o  ouarter  sessions 

,  v,r  and  teiminer;  remained  at  Gettysburg  until  his  term  expired,  and  in  1838  39  wa 

efected  firs    justice  of  the  peace  in  EastBerlin,  to  which  village  he  had  removed     He 

wis  re  "■•,  ted  at  the  close  of  bis  term,  but  in  consequence  of  an  election  in    848  to  the 

offlM  of%rotUonotary,  he  returned  to  Gettysburg.    In  ftM  he  was  re-elected  prothonotary, 

audio  m  ww  elected  transcribing  clerk  in  the  House  of  Representatives  at  Harnsburg 

and  re-elected  in   1859  to  the  same  position.     He  purchased  the  property  built  by  his 

fatteVin  I860:  and  resided  ten  years  |n  the  old  mansion; itben  in  company ^J^g 

child   Franklin  B.,  he  opened  a  clothing  store  in  Gettysburg,  which  was  discontinued  in 

MTC8,  the  death   of  Franklin   B.  occurring  that  year.    Mr.  Picking  then  returned  to  the 

*here  he  has  since  Fed  a  retired  life.    Having  served  his  State  and 

,  un,v  frequently  and  well,  hi    name  carries  bonorwith  it,  to  which  be  is  ]ustlydue.  The 

1,,  h-  of  hi-  wife  occurred  April  2,  1880.     Mr.  Pickingis  now  over  four  score,  and  is 

Lafe  and  social.     His  father,  Henry  Picking,  was  born  in  Washington  Fowndup,  Fork 

Co    Penn    April  26,  17:  t.  a  son  of  John  and  Justina  (Fox)  Peking:  came  to  thi   county 

and  married,  id.oni    18(12   or  1803.   Sarah,    daughter  of   John    Bildebrand,    Br.,  who  lived 
across  the  I  o  d  was  the  proprietor  of  the  tannery  which  had  been  for  manj 

I,.,,--  in  hi-  po-es-ion.  llenrv  and  hi-  young  wife  came  to  East  Berlin  soon  after  their 
biarriaee  and  be  opened  a  general  -tore  in  the  house  nov.  occupied  by  William  b.  Uilde 
brand:  later  he  ere'.ed  a  new -tore,  now  the  propert]  of  Mrs  P.  £  Kauffman where  he 
continued  business  until  1823.  In  February,  18§6,  be  moved  to  Westmoreland  I  ounty 
and  next  went  into  the  hoi,]  1,,-in,-.  1,,  1832  or  1833  he  moved  from  West- 
moreland County  to  the  foot  of  Laurel  Hill,  Somerset  Co.,  Penn.,  where  bf  death  oc- 
curred in  December,  1811.    His  widov,   survived  him  twenty -even  years,  and  was  bur- 


438  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

ied  in  Somerset  Cemetery.  They  were  the  parents  of  seven  children:  six  sons.  Samuel. 
John.  Henry,  Jacob,  Bamet  and  William,  were  born  here,  and  one  daughter,  Sarah,  in 
Westmoreland  County.  Penn. 

REV.  DANIEL  SELL,  P.  O.  East  Berlin,  was  born  in  Cumberland  County,  Penn., 
August  18.  1819,  a  son  of  John  and  Susannah  (Kealer)  Sell.  His  paternal  ancestors  were 
natives  of  Germany,  his  maternal  of  Switzerland.  His  early  education  was  obtained  at 
subscription  schools,  where  the  rod,  instead  of  intelligence,  governed,  and  where,  by  rea- 
son of  repeated  punishments,  he  was  so  intimidated  that  he  was  unable  to  recite,  although 
master  of  his  Btudies,  which  at  that  time  consisted  of  orthography,  reading,  writing  and 
arithmetic.  Notwithstanding  that  the  teacher  had  called  him  "blockhead,"  yet  in  1829 
he  stood  at  the  head  of  bis  class,  although  only  eleven  years  old.  One  year  later  he  went 
to  work  at  his  father's  forge,  and  during  each  succeeding  summer  developed  his  muscle 
by  swinging  the  sledge,  attending  during  the  winters  short  terms  of  school.  He  worked  for 
the  money  that  purchased  his  first  grammar,  but  was  obliged  to  keep  its  purchase  a  secret 
from  his  father,  who  feared  the  knowledge  it  imparted  "would  make  him  crazy."  When 
seventeen  years  of  age  Daniel  had  mastered,  by  his  own  exertions,  the  common  branches, 
also  German,  and  was  employed  as  a  teacher  in  the  Wallace  School,  Frankford  Town- 
ship, Cumberland  Co..  Penn.,  in  1836,  and  for  eight  successive  winters  taught  school. 
November  22,  1838.  he  was  united  in  marriage  with  Frances  M.  Rice,  an  estimable  lady, 
to  whom  he  pays  this  glowing  tribute:  "To  her  I  owe  almost  everything  that  I  am,  for 
to  her  exertions  are  mainly  due  my  education  and  conversion,  for  she  was  a  Christian 
when  we  were  married,  and  through  her  was  my  conviction  of  sin  hastened,  and  my  con- 
version on  Ascension  Day,  1839,  brought  about."  The  wish  of  his  revered  mother  was  that 
her  son  should  become  a  minister,  and,  aided  by  the  counsel  of  his  wife,  Mr.  Sell  con- 
cluded to  obtain  a  theological  education.  November  20,  1845,  at  that  time  the  possessor 
of  $250,  he  matriculated  at  the  Pennsylvania  College  of  Gettysburg,  and  in  1851  graduated 
from  that  college  and  seminarv,  and  was  assigned  a  charge  at  Rossville,  York  County. 
He  founded  the'first  Lutheran  mission  at  Lock  Haven  in  1860,  and  other  brethren,  after 
the  failure  of  his  health,  completed  the  work.  Having  been  for  thirty -five  years  regular- 
ly engaged  in  the  ministry,  Rev.  Mr.  Sell  takes  a  just  pride  in  stating'that  in  all  the  years 
of  his  pastorate  here  (Paradise  charge)  no  appointment  was  ever  missed  by  reason  of  ill 
health,  and  his  arduous  toil  in  the  ministry  has  not  only  brought  with  it  excellent  health, 
but  a  competency  for  his  riper  years.  Seven  years  ago  he  was  appointed  to  the  Paradise 
charge,  and  has  to-day  the  largest  number  of  communicants  (1,900)  in  the  Evangelical 
Lutheran  Synod  of  West  Pennsylvania.  Five  children  were  born  to  his  first  marriage 
(two  died  in  infancy);  Edward  H.,  a  railroad  conductor  between  Altoona  and  Harrisburg, 
married  to  Mollie  S.  Nicholas,  of  Pine  Grove  Mills,  Penn.,  and  reside  at  Altoona;  Martha 
J.,  wife  of  B.  F.  Seibert,  now  residing  at  San  Francisco.  Cal..  and  Annie  M.,  wife  of  N. 
S.  Riggs,  residing  in  Versailles,  Morgan  Co.,  Mo.  The  death  of  Mrs.  Sell  occurred  in 
1873,  and  the  following  year  our  subject  married  Caroline  Williams,  of  New  Kingston, 
Cumberland  Co.,  Penn.  She  died  in  February,  1883,  without  issue.  With  the  re- 
ward that  comes  to  those  who  are  just  and  true.  Rev  Daniel  Sell  stands  at  the  head  of  the 
ministry  in  Adams  County,  by  reason  of  his  industry  and  zeal. 

HENRY  STOCK,  farmer.  P.  0.  New  Oxford.  John,  the  grandfather  of  this  gentle- 
man, came  from  Germany,  and  settled  in  Earl  Township.  Lancaster  Co.,  Penn.,  November 
14,  1787.  He  purchased  of  Leonard  Mumma  155  acres  and  allowances,  paying  for  the 
same  £600.  This  warrant  is  yet  in  possession  of  our  subject.  John  Stock  was  married 
to  A.  Mumma,  and  had  fourteen  children:  Henry,  Daniel,  John.  Peter,  William,  Nancy, 
Susanna,  Mary,  Elizabeth,  Barbara,  Lydia,  Rebecca.  Christena  and  Julyan.  Of  these, 
Henry,  the  father  of  our  subject,  was  born  in  Earl  Township,  Lancaster  Co.,  Penn.  He 
was  married  to  Elizabeth  Haines.who  was  born  in  Carroll  County,  Md..and  their  children, 
Leah,  Elizabeth,  Sarah,  Lydia,  Christina,  Mary,  John,  Jacob  and  Henry,  were  born  on 
the  farm  near  New  Oxford.  By  trade  he  was  a  weaver,  and  for  many  years  carried  on  that 
business  in  connection  with  his  farm,  and  was  a  prosperous  man.  He  purchased  and  re- 
moved to  a  small  farm  on  the  Oxford  and  Berlin  road,  where  he  resided  only  about  two 
years,  when  his  death  occurred  in  1862,  aged  seventy  years.  His  wife  died  some  years 
prior,  in  1856,  aged  sixty-five  years.  Henry  Stock,  our  subject,  was  born  February  17, 
1834.  and  has  from  choice  been  a  farmer.  He  married  Mary  Duttera  in  1857,  and  com- 
menced housekeeping  on  the  old  mansion  farm  of  his  father.  Emma  L.,  Charles  D.  and 
John  H.  were  their  children  born  on  the  old  homestead,  and  Samuel  W.,  George  W.  and 
Mary  J.  were  born  on  the  present  farm,  which  Mr.  Stock  purchased  in  1871.I  from  John 
Bupp,  on  the  Carlisle  Pike.  In  1882  Mr.  Stock  was  appointed  overseer  of  the  poor  by 
Lite  R.  Mackley  and  James  Reaver,  to  fill  a  vacancy,  and  at  the  expiration  of  his  term 
was  then  elected  to  the  same  position  for  a  term  of  three  years.  He  has  also  filled  other 
positions  of  trust  with  satisfaction  to  the  people.  His  farm  is  finely  improved,  and  his 
children  are  receiving  such  an  education  as  becomes  those  of  his  means  and  sentiment. 


11  LMILTONBAfl    TOWNSHIP. 


441 


CHAPTER  LVII. 
HAMILTONBAN  TOWNSHIP. 

ROBERT  R  VLSTOX  BLYTHE  retired  farmer,  P.  0.  Fairfield,  is  a  grandson  of  David 
Blythe  who  emigrated  from  Fifeshire,  Scotland,  in  the  tirst  half  ol  the  las  pentur^ 
;i,„l  .,:„!,,  1  on  "Carroll's  Tract,"  in  Hamlltonban  Township,  .this  county  (then .Yock 
County),  where  he  buill  a  log  house,  which  is  yet  standing.    Bbwi  I       beth.a 

daughter  of  William  Finley,  ■  brother  of  the  then  nresidentol  Pnncel pllege   Both 

df«fin  the  house  he  had  built  David  Blythe  in  18§1.  and  his  widow  several  WkAnr. 
The  aames  of  their  children  are  James,  Ann.  Calvin,  Samuel,  Ezra,  rirza,  David  ana 
Finley  Ezra  was  a  member  of  the  Assembly,  afterward  senator,  and  <  alvin  was  ajudge 
of  the  Mifflin  and  Dauphin  Counties'  Circuit,  and  afterv  >r ol    heportof 

PhUadelphia.  James,  father  of  Robert  R ..  was  always  a  farmer,,  hying  at  home  "jntdhis 
marriage*  when  he  removed  to  the  stone  house  built  for  him  by  ins  father ,w here  the  s  ,b 
Sect  of  this  sketch  was  bom.  and  which  he  now  owns.  Be  was  bornin  1 ,  11,  and  died  m 
Sri  185*  in  his  eighty  seventh  year.  Be  was  married  May  80, 1809,  to  Rebec.  >  Stem 
m?M  who was  born'  in"  1778,  and'  died  in  1845,  in  her  sixty-eighth  year  Th?ywerethe 
pan-nts  of  the  following  named  children:  Washington,  married  to  ^u  (  ^^n^ 
to  Alexandria,  Va..  where  he  died.and  where  his  widow  now  ives,  William  mar 
ried  toEveUne  Webb,  now  living  in  St.  Louis  Mo..;  Robert  Ralston  (first),  who  died  in 
infancy;  Robert  Ralston  (second),  the  subject  of  this  sketch;  Ehzabetii, wife o Robert 
McCormick,  now  living  in  Emporia,  Eas.;  David  B.,  married  to  Ma.  ga.et  1  i  alter 

whose  dee,  as,  he  married  a  lady  in  Kirkw I.  Ill    where  he  is  now  Eying.    Bobert* 

was  born  July  6,  1817,  and  until  eight  years  ago  lived  on  Qu >  plac jo* his  birth  He 
worked  for  his  father  until  his  marriage,  after  which  he  and  his  brother,  David  a., 
fanned  the  Ware  until  the  latter  went  to  Fairfield  to  keep  store,  when  RobertR.  took  he 

ta£ dZU  after  his  fathers  d .  bought  it.Mn  lsTs  he  gave  up  active  1.  e      c     el 

his  farm  and  retired  to  Fairfield.  November  20,  1849,  he  was  married  to  Sarah  D.  Hagey, 
who  died  .lanuarv  8  1858,  leaving  two  children:  EUzaheth,  wife  ofJamesCunmng^m, 
of  Highland  Township  this  (county,  and  Sarah  Dinwidie.  wife  of  W.  D.  t  lark  JH  a  * 
of  hi;  township  January  8,  1861  Mr.  Blythe  married  Rachel  E.  Culberteon  bornMay 
8  IMS  in  Franklin  County,  Penn.,  daughter  of  Hugh  Culberteon,  then  living  n  Hamti- 
Township,  Adam- County,  and  to  this  union  one  child  was  born  who  diedmin- 
fancy.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Blythe  are  members  of  Lower  Ma.sh  Creek  Presbyterian  (  hurch, 
of  which  he  has  been  an  elder  for  twelve  years.  :„«.„  r~T  «i,n 

DANIEL  S  FREY!  farm,!,  P.  0.  Fountain  Dale,  is  a  son  of  Christian  trey,  who 
came  from  Germany  about  1829  and  settled  in  HamUtonban  Township,  thwoounfi  W 
was  born  in  1811,  and.  with  his  wife,  is  now  living  in  Fairfield.  She  was  amssMarj  A. 
Butt,  born  in  1806,  Christian  Frey  followed  weaving  in  Hamiltonhan  Township  tor 
over  twenty  years;  then  moved  to  Liberty  Township,  where  he  worked  at  his  tra< to  uu 
1852,  at  which  time  he  bought  the  farm  on  which  Daniel  S.  now  resides  and  onwhi  hhe 
continued  to  live  until  1876,  when  he  came  t..  Fairfield  \\  hen  he  bought  the  farm  of  »9 
acres,  but  a  small  part  of  it  was  subdued,  and  he  and  his  sonscleared  up  qui te  :  >.- 
e,  barn,  etc.  Always  a  hard-working,  sobei  and  ea retuj 
m.ln  ne  tying  the  fruit-  of  his  industry  and  thrift.    He  is.an  anient  Repub 

Rcanin  rarely   would ep,    o.l'iee.      Mr.  am  I  Mrs.  Christ tan    Fn  w  -    fUU  > 

were  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Joseph  Bigham  (both  deceased);. John  who  died  .in  l.  army, 
being  a  member  of  Company  C.  Sixty-fifth  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  111  "u,>  •  ^  ;" '  • 
married  to  Mary  Hershey,  living  in  Kansas;  Christian,  married  to  Eliza  Bishop  r.  injr  in 
Liberty  Town-hi,,.  this  county;  and  Daniel  s.  the  youngest  bom  .Line  l.t.  185  . ,_VV  hen 
old  enough,  oui  subject  w  as  put  to  work  on  the  farm,  which  has  always  been  his  home  and 
which  he  bought  on  his  father's  retirement.  December  14  1875,  he  was  married  to  Miss 
Man- Etta  Martin,  daughter  oi  Samuel  Martin,  of  Liberty  Township,  this  county,  where 
she  was  born  May  4.  1858.  Her  father  died  in  1884;  her  mother  is  still  hying.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Frey  have  two  children:  Gertrude  Irene,  bom  December  28, 1876,  and  (  harles  Sam- 
uel, born  August  6,  1888.  I  >ur  subject  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Reformed  Church  at 
Fountain  Kale,      In  politic-  he  is  a  Republican.  . 

J08EPH  GELBACH,  farmer.  P.  0.  Fairtield,  is  a  son  of  John  Gelbaeh    who  emi- 
grated from  Wittenberg.  Germany,  in  1818.  when  twenty-two  years  old.     Y\  hen  "USSia 
the  feet  of  Napoleon,  John  Gelbaeh  served  in  the  army  of  the  conqueror,  but  when 


442  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

his  country  asserted  herself  he  was  in  her  armies  and  was  in  the  memorable  battle  of 
Waterloo  when  but  nineteen  years  old.  His  future  wife  accompanied  him  to  this  country, 
and  they  were  married  on  landing  at  Baltimore.  He  worked  as  a  blacksmith  and  his  wite 
in  the  house  of  George  Trostle,  at  Marsh"  Creek,  for  a  year,  to  pay  for  their  passage. 
Afterward  they  lived  "near  the  Monoeaev  until  he  bought  a  house  and  lot,  one  mile  west 
of  Fairfield  where  he  worked  at  his  trade  until  1839,  at  which  time  he  bought  a  farm  one 
mile  east  of  Fairfield  and  built  the  house  in  which  Joseph  lives.  Several  years  later  lie 
built  a  house  in  Fairfield,  in  which  he  and  his  wife  passed  a  peaceful  old  age.  He  was  a 
man  of  noted  piety,  identified  with  the  Reformed  Church  from  early  life.  He  was  born 
March  16  1790.  and  died  March  28,  1879.  His  wife,  nee  Maria  E.  Filgel  born  m  Prussia 
February  14  1794  died  December  25,  1884.  They  had  seven  children:  George,  deceased 
in  1883  who'  lived  in  Baltimore  thirty-six  years  and  was  three  times  married— first,  to 
Christiana  Herring,  next  to  Julia  Smith  and  then  to  Susan  McDowell,  all  of  the  city  of 
Baltimore  latter  of  whom  survives  him;  John,  who  died  in  1844,  aged  twenty-two;  Joseph, 
our  subiect;  Mary  Ann,  who  died  in  1844.  aged  twenty;  Elizabeth,  now  wife  of  Peter 
Shively  of  Fairfield;  Samuel  David,  who  died  in  1848,  aged  eighteen;  Sarah  Eliza  who 
died  at  the  age  of  three  years,  in  1840.  Our  subject  was  born  March  21,  1828,  and  was 
about  twelve'years  old  when  his  father  bought  the  farm  he  now  owns,  and  worked  for  his 
father  until  his  marriage,  when  they  (he  and  his  father)  farmed  the  place  on  shares.  Our 
subiect  then  bought,  in  1871,  this  farm.  September  23,  1851,  he  was  married  to  Eliza 
lane  Raffensberger,  who  was  born  February  11,  1833,  and  to  this  union  eleven  children 
were  born,  all  n5w  living:  John  Winfield,  born  July  26,  1852,  married  to  Millie  Mussel- 
man  and  they  are  living  in  Fairfield;  Anna  Mary,  born  December  8  18o3  wife  of  John 
Frank  Hartman,  of  Mummasburg;  Laura  Catherine,  born  September  16.  18oo,  wife  of 
Epiraim  Swope,  of  Fairfield;  Eliza  Jane,  born  April  30,  1857,  wife  of  Robat  Ogden  living 
in  Kansas;  George  Washington,  born  March  11,  1860.  singly  also  in  Kansas;  Alice  Naomi, 
born  April  23  1*63  wife  of  Ed  Weikert,  of  Bonneauville;  Fanny  Luella.  born  October  23, 
1864-  Minnie' Hermione,  born  November  22,  1866;  Clara  Elizabeth,  born  December  10, 
1868:  Charles  Edward,  born  February  11,  1872,  and  Lida  Grace,  born  May  3  187c >  (the 
last  five  are  living  with  their  father).  The  mother  of  this  numerous  family  died  suddenly 
October  4  1883  "A  good  Christian  wife  and  mother,  her  death  was  a  great  Loss  to  her 
husband  and  family.  Mr.  Gelbach  has  held  several  township  offices,  and  has  been  director 
of  the  poor  for  the  county.     He  is  ruling  elder  in  the  Reformed  Church.     In  politics  he  is 

a  eiMCL a.  ^  KITTINGER,  farmer,  Fairfield,  is  a  son  of  Joseph  Kittinger,  who  was 
born  in  Lancaster  County,  of  Swiss  parents,  in  1799,  and  died  in  Highland  Township 
this  countv  in  1882  where  his  widow  now  lives  with  her  son,  Jacob  L.  When  Josepii 
was  eight  years  of  age  his  father  moved  to  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  and  when  he  was  sixteen  years 
old  he  was  sent  to  Franklin  County,  Penn.,  to  learn  the  trade  of  a  weaver,  at  which  he 
worked  nearly  all  his  lifetime.  Later  in  life  he  bought  and  stocked  the  farm  which  his 
sons  worked  He  was  a  self-made  and  self-educated  man,  fitting  himself  for  a  teacher, 
which  profession  he  followed  in  winter  for  many  wars.  He  was  strictly  temperate,  and, 
though  never  an  office  seeker,  took  a  warm  interest  in  public  affairs  In  politics  he  was 
an  ardent  Republican.  His  wife  was  Susanna  Wortz,  of  Franklin  County,  born  in  1802. 
Three  of  their  children  died  quite  young,  and  five  are  now  living*  Tirzah.  wile  of  Oeorge 
Plank  of  Franklin  Township,  this  comity;  Ephraim,  married  to  Mary  Cromer  and  Jiving 
in  Hanover,  York  County;  Joseph  W.;  Benjamin  (first  parried  to  Christiana  Hulsinger, 
who  died  shortly  after,  then  to  Amanda  Diehl;  lives  m  Mountpleasant  Township  this 
county);  and  Jacob  L..  married  to  Mrs.  Evadne,  widow  of  Walter  Wellington,  of  York, 
andlivngon  the  home  farm.  Joseph  W.  was  born  April  25,  1838,  on  the  home  farm, 
where  he  lived  until  his  marriage,  when  he  rented  the  old  Musselman  place  for  two  years, 
and  after  that  the  John  Waugh  farm,  on  which  he  lived  for  seventeen  years,  when  he 
bought  his  present  place,  of  over  150  acres,  near  the  "Company  Mill"  His  farm  shows 
he  results  of  intelligent  care  and  good  management.  December  16  1862  he  was  married 
o  Hannah  M  .  daughter  of  Daniel  and  Martha  Plank,  of  Highland  Township,  this  county. 
Her  father  died  February  13.  1884.  and  her  mother  is  now  living  near  Gettysburg  Mr 
Plank  had  been  register  and  recorder  of  the  county;  was  also  a  teacher,  and  for  the  last 
twenty  years  of  his  life  kept  the  gate-house  on  the  Chaniberslmig  Turnpike.  Mr  and 
Mrs  KiUino-cr  have  five  children:  Minnie  May,  born  December  19  1863,  married  to  Cyrus 
Grant  Musselman,  son  of  Joseph,  of  Hamiltonban  Township;  Effie  Lauretta,  born  May 
12  1866  William  Emory,  born  January  1.  1869,  John  Waugh,  born  November  13,  1872, 
and  Martha  Plank,  born  September  11,  1875,  living  with  their  parents.  Mr  Kit  mger  is 
an  ardent  Republican  in  politics,  and  has  held  many  township  offices.  He  has  been  for 
he  past  three  years  tax  collector,  and  for  the  two  years  previous  was  collector  of  school 
tax  He  and  his  wife  and  three  of  his  children  are  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church, 
Fairfield   in  which  he  has  been  deacon  for  nine  years. 

ANDREW  MARSHALL.  Sr.,  retired  farmer,  Fairfield,  is  a  descendant  of  James 
Marshall,  who  came  to  Hamiltonban  Township,  this  county,  from  Ireland,  and  settled  on 
"Carroll's  Tract,"  where  his  family  were  bom  and  reared,  and  where  he  died.     The  prop- 


HAMILTONBAB    TOWNSHIP.  '  ,;! 

BrtTisvetini essionof  his  descendants     Ttefamilj  of  June    Marshall  wer, 

nlmiel  John    Udrew  and  Elizabeth,  Ml  now  deceased.      Andrew,  the   athei  oi f  the  sub 

T^fnf  ihis  sketch  was  born  on  the  tracl  near  thi  4  d< i   Andrew  Marshall, 

>;Y'  ,',1,;.  birthDlace  in  1852      in  1830  and  1881  he  was  a  member  o 

au^^^^m^ffihe«ttlementofe.tate.   bavin* fldence  oi 

•  p.,".,.    '.,1   aflone  aite  was  able  to  attend  tothedut.es,  was  a  director  ol  the  Gel 
1      '     '    ,    ,     «J      r,  „■  vekr*  nn  eld.  r  in  the  Lower  Marsh  Creek  Pi  •  hurch. 

hfrbrotner  James  ft mSd  fte  ho^™lS  untB  Us  f.U^.  deal  in  18M  wheg 
?ooWfa™alone.  and  Andrew  spe|t  the  ^  *»«^.  m™1^  i^d  be' 
Jots^^^^^^  ^is^m'n 

&ffi  East™  Pen'n     Mrs   Marshall'sTafher  was  born  in  L794,  and  died  in  1845,  in  the 

Mi-,' ■    -    '   ■    '  •  ,  j2  [859,  she  was  married  to  Mr.  Marshall. 

'""','.  tIiovS  1S72   n.1  home  with  her  parents.    Thej  have  also  another  child,  who 

.,;     "n,:  :„,,,,  ■:   MYs.  Marshall's  sister,   Kunhemta 

I    Pre8byteria  ,fwhich  Mr.  Marshall  u  a  trustee. 

lnPTOHNhMIcSYb(de"  o     b.         I   known  residents  of  this  countj 

Hi     .  .''if-,,1  ■•    I  obii  M  Ul.-v   ran,,,  fr Prance  and  settled  in  Lehigh  County,  Penu  , 

',   -.7  ;■  ,.   born  Februarj  19,   1769,  in  Northampton  County 

H-  John  S^waf marred  to  Margarel   Biery,  born  July  2,  1778,  also  in  North 

,„,'  tv  an lit  ■  .1  .V.t  .-v.-nt  remold  to  Franklin  Township,  this  county,  whereh |  car 
ri  n  'i.'  a.  k  ni.i.i.."  Having  accumulated  some  means  he  boughl  a  farm  in  Hamilton- 
taCfflit  ,uilt  the  bouse,  which  bis  son    Dan^owoww^I l° 

I    i  m      i  ■>   K-   .,  ,,  ,i  ,.;..im  vi\     iK  wi  «■  bavins  preceded     im  i'chiu.u>  •  >.  ioo«,  .u 

?hfa~Tfsev,  ntv.i  i.  children!  fohPn    Elizabeth   Sarah,  rf 

i      ,        \i  „■     ,vi  r«.pondl   David    Martin  and   Harriet.    Three  are  nov,   living: 
'   H     ,.       M      ,„  i   fwat  born  March  1  1796  m  Frank 

HnTowStUs  county,  and  was  always  a  farmer.  For  threeyears  after  tan .tatter  « 
death  he  and  his  brother,  Daniel,  between  whom  the  farm  was  divided  lived  to  ;■  Iter 
February  12  1857  he  was  married  to  Harriel  Beintzelman,  also  a  native  ol  rrankl.n 
Tow^hiVtern  December  26,  1880,  and  for  two  year,  aftei  then- .nana;,,,  tle.v  live,  on. 
the  homestead   bul  in  1851  i  !    had  built  on  his  share  o   the ifaim, 

wherX  widow  her  son  and  yon  ■   live.     He  died  on  his ! 'anntfetoru 

'!..,-.    goo   when  lacking  but  a  few  days  of  eighty-six  years  of  age.     Thej  had  flvi  .  i.u 
/•    "  m  ,;        ,  ,nt    rofeDhine    born  April  (i.   1858(wifeof  Samuel  Baumgardner,  oi 

taUb%IS  thiscoPu  iiet  Rebecca,  born  March  I,  186 ife  of  Latimore 

Mvers  SfFaTrBeld T  this  county);  Sarah  Jane,  born  November 'r,  lS.il  iw.U-  ..f  William 
SofHamiltonban  Township);  John,,  born  September  10  1864  an,  EmmaF^orence 
Vii,  T,  born  June  25  1868  (living  with  their  mother).  En  his  life  Mr.  Micklej  was  a  popu 
toman  by  reason  o  his  many  sterling  qualities.  An  ardenl  Republican  m  a  strong 
Democratic  count  he  was  twici  elected  to  the  important  office  oi  county  commissioner, 
a  ,  1 ,  r  e™  married  came  within  a  few  votes  of  being  elected  to  the  Legislature, 
the  Reformed  Church,  in  which  for  many  years  he  was 

, .     ,  and      aeon      Universally  respected  for  his  uprighl  character  he  died,  regretted 

.          ,  famiiv   but  by  all  who  knew  him.    sine,,  the  death  of  her  husband  Mis. 
M 'k    'i    -  '  rried  on  the  farm  herself.  She  is  ad  e 'c-man, 


444  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

enjoying  the  respect  of  her  neighbors.     Her  son,  who  will  inherit  the  farm,  is  a  young 
man  of  good  character  and  habits. 

JOSEPH  MUSSEL-MAN,  farmer,  P.  0.  Fairfield,  is  the  oldest  living  member  of  this 
family  in  Hamiltonban  and  adjoining  townships.  His  father,  John  Musselman,  was  born 
near  New  Holland  in  Lancaster  County.  Penn.,  in  1783,  and  came  to  this  county  in  1804, 
settling  on  "  Carroll's  Tract,"  near  Fairfield,  where  he  bought  two  farms,  one  being  for 
his  brother  David  (who,  however,  went  to  Canada  instead  of  coming  here,  so  John  kept 
both  farms),  and  on  one  of  these  the  subject  of  this  sketch  lives.  John  at  one  time  sold 
this  farm  to  a  relative,  but  bought  it  back  in  1847.  He  went  on  a  visit  to  Canada  on 
horseback,  and  returned  in  company  with  Joseph  Kittinger.  He  married  Mary  Reiff, 
born  in  1788,  a  daughter  of  David  Reiff.  and  they  lived  and  died  on  the  farm  now  occu- 
pied by  their  son  Peter.  John  Musselman  died  September  15,  1852.  aged  sixty-nine,  and 
his  widow  March  15',  1857,  aged  seventy  one.  They  had  twelve  children,  one  of  whom 
died  quite  young.  The  sons,  who  were  all  farmers,  were  David,  who  died  October  18, 
1872,  aged  sixty-seven;  Christian,  who  died  at  the  age  of  fifty -seven;  John,  who  died  at 
the  age  of  sixty -one;  Isaac,  who  died  a  young  man;  Joseph,  our  subject;  Jacob,  who  died 
in  1884,  aged  sixty-two;  Daniel,  who  lives  on  the  farm  at  Fairfield;  and  Peter,  who  lives 
on  the  home  farm.  The  daughters  were  Elizabeth  (deceased  wife  of  George  Trohn), 
Martha  (deceased  wife  of  JohnTlartman),  and  Mary  (wife  of  Emanuel  Harr.  of  Lancaster 
County).  The  father  of  this  family  accumulated  a  large  property,  and  left  to  his  heirs 
ei^ht  improved  farms  and  several  pieces  of  mountain  land.  Joseph,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  was  born  February  1,  1821,  on  the  home  farm,  and  on  his  marriage  moved  thence 
to  the  farm,  where  he  has  since  resided.  In  1874  he  was  married  to  Hetty  Martin,  who 
died  in  1858,  aged  thirty-eight.  They  had  six  children:  John  M.,  born  June  21,  1848,  a 
merchant  in  Fairfield,  this  county);  Susanna  E.,  born  September  21.  1849  (wife  of  Joseph 
Creager,  also  of  Fairfield);  Mary,  born  February  22,  1851  (deceased);  Elizabeth  H.  (wife 
of  John  Kugler,  living  in  Kansas);  Sarah  J.,  born  July  31,  1855  (wife  of  Harvey  Bream); 
and  Joseph  W,  born  April  28,  1857  (married  to  Nannie  Plank,  and  living  on  his  father's 
farm).  In  1859  Mr.  Musselman  married,  on  second  occasion,  Evaline  McCleaf.  who  was 
born  in  1828,  and  to  this  union  three  children  have  been  born:  Laura  Jane,  born  Septem- 
ber 29,  1859  (at  home);  Henry  Clay,  born  September  18,  1861  (died  March  25,  1863);  and 
Cyrus  Grant,  born  July  19,  1864  (living  with  his  parents).  Mr.  Musselman  is  a  member 
of  the  Mennonite  Church. 

DAVID  R.  MUSSELMAN,  merchant,  Fairfield,  is  a  son  of  David  Musselman,  a 
brother  of  Joseph  under  whose  name  will  be  found  a  history  of  the  ancestors  of  the  family. 
David  Musselman  was  born  on  the  homestead  in  Hamiltonban  Township,  this  county, 
January  25,  1805.  He  stayed  on  the  farm  until  his  marriage,  when  he  was  thirty  years, 
of  age,  when  he  bought  the  farm  now  owned  by  Samuel  Walter,  where  all  his  family 
were  reared,  and  where  he  died  October  8.  1872.  He  was  highly  esteemed  by  his  fellow- 
citizens,  and  was  their  representative  in  all  the  offices  of  the  township.  His  wife  was  Es- 
ther, daughter  of  Joel  Bair,  of  Lancaster  County,  born  October  8,  1816,  and  died  May  3, 
1877.  Their  nine  children  are  all  living:  Hemy,  who  has  been  twice  married  (first  to  Liz- 
zie Dunn,  of  Washington  County  Md.,  and  afterward  to  his  present  wife,  nee  Louisa 
Shutt;  they  live  in  Hamiltonban  Township,  this  county);  John  B.,  also  twice  married  (first 
to  Mary  Kugler,  and  after  her  death  to  Margaret  Schumaker;  they  also  live  in  Hamilton- 
ban  Township);  Joel  B.  (married  to  Nannie,  daughter  of  J.  Stuart  Witherow,  also  in 
Hamiltonban  Township);  Mary  E.,  wife  of  G.  W.  Baumgardner,  of  Carroll  County,  Md.); 
Aaron,  (married  to  Annie  E.,  daughter  of  Robert  Watson,  live  in  Fairfield,  this  county); 
Amanda  A.  (wife  of  Daniel  B.  Riley,  of  Hamiltonban  Township);  Martha  S.  (wife  of  John 
K.  Marshall,  of  Fairfield,  this  county);  H.  Evanna  (wife  of  W.  T.  Harbaugh,  also  of  Fair- 
field  this  county)  and  David  R.,  the  third  son.  Our  subject  was  born  on  the  homestead, 
hear  Fairfield,  March  11, 1842,and  lived  on  the  farm  until  1867,  teaching  school,  four  win- 
ters. In  that  year  he  bought  the  interest  of  C.  F.  Hinkle  in  the  store  of  Wortz  ifc  Hinkle, 
and  continued  in  mercantile  business  until  1883,  since  which  time  be  has  not  been  en- 
gaged in  any  occupation.  December  21,  1871,  he  was  married  to  his  cousin,  Jennie  Mus- 
selman. born  January  28,  1849,  daughter  of  Jacob  Musselman,  who  died  June  25,  1884. 
They  have  one  child,  Clarence  Jacob,  born  September  29,  1872.  Mr.  Musselman  takes 
considerable  interest  in  public  affairs,  and  has  held  several  township  offices,  being  now  a 
member  and  secretary  of  the  school  board.  He  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Lutheran 
Church  in  Fairfield,  in  which  he  is  a  deacon.  He  has  been  secretary  and  librarian  of  the 
Union  Sunday-school  since  April  27,  1868.     In  politics  he  is  a  Republican. 

AARON' MUSSELMAN,  farmer,  P.  O.  Fairfield,  is  a  son  of  David  Musselman,  who 
•was  a  brother  of  Joseph,  under  whose  name  is  given  a  history  of  the  ancestors  of  this  well 
known  family.  A  sketch  of  David  Musselman  is  given  under  the  name  of  David  R.,  an 
elder  brother  of  our  subject,  who  was  the  fifth  son.  Aaron  Musselman  was  born  July  22, 
1847.  on  the  farm  now  occupied  by  Samuel  Walter,  and  lived  there  until  he  was  twenty- 
four  years  old,  when  he  removed  to  Fairfield  with  his  mother,  his  father  having  died  some 
time  before.  In  the  spring  of  1877  he  went  to  Kansas,  and  some  months  after  moved  to 
the  Indian  Territory,  coming  home  in  December  of  the  same  year,  and  then  clerking  for 


BAMtLTONBAN  TOWNSHIP. 


145 


his  brother  David  R.  for  three  years     B^^^^gMS^SSjMS0™ 
Fairfield,  renting  his  ownfarm  "'■,"'"";.";'":  ,;..,.  ,„■    he  choirs  of  both  the 

dme  organist  ol  the  it, formed  Cb   ,.      ...  I  for    I.    ;  a  ;.,.,,,■„,„,  W!ls  born  January  id. 
Church.    She  i8  a  daughter  of  D^   Ro  b<  rt  W  tson,  01     <         MUS8eiman  bavehad  three 

aenSile°P« 

,„.,.,„■  V:.U,v  Home  Lodge,  1,0  a  F-.^aboof    Je  Lutheran  Wkwcb. 
SSWft^^^^Sa^  e-tiug  bPU  firs,  vote  in  that 

y%ETERMUSSELMA*f«^ 

selman,  under  whose  name  is  given  asket.  .    '"';"'.    '„„,..„„.  whose  frugality,  in- 

The  descendants  have  inherited  ll»char« ';■"•■   -        '        ■ ,' '     _,„,  gtart  in  lifl,  ivi.t. 

mov...  to  a   i.  which   1 wm,  ad  ..»  u    I'  H'  ";,'         ,;,  Elizabeth,  daughier  ol 

Ool.t~3.18M., -.,,i.r...,  »:.-..,,,■;,:;.;;,     ;  j™ '     -„     , «  -,. ,.,.„,,.„„..„,  jl,. 

ami  Mr-   Kuaaelm 1  -.'  "  '  hildren   on    d  "  -  '';'"'     pVaoklin  ToWnahip,  tbla 

«vmg^h^^ ' 

hi    f; „,  wl.i.l.  is f  the  besl  i..  the  township.    In  polit.cs  1  .eisa  ^ 

\n\M  c    MU8SELMAN,  merchant,  Fairfield,  is  a  son  pi  Joiin  naus      »., 

of..''r.  >-'■<■ » ff'^SSS'jBriS^iS^JSS^S^^' 

ing in  Michigan;  Marj  E.,  widow  of  James ■***^'*™% aa  „„.  wil(.  „r   Wilson  M< 

jrsKsw^w^^X^fcs&w s; 

ass  r&£ 

ssss 

three  terms      be  remained  on  "■>  tajighl  • lone  wmtei    |rm.    JNOvem 

17  1A59  he  was  married  to  Lucinda  Nunnemaker,  born  February  r,  1888,  daugr>«r  pi 
j^NunLmakerSen  ol :  Libert)  '^^^^^^^^^i^i^^ 
SESS&  aMSSS  SWVSfiK  SftvU  .  loll.  { 


446  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

and  now  a  teller  in  the  First  National  Bank  of  Gettysburg;  Howard  A.,  born  July  5,  18  15, 
a  graduate  of  Bryant  &  Stratton's  Commercial  College,  at  Baltimore,  and  a  clerk  in  liis 
father's  store;  Carrie  L.,  born  October  19,  1869;  Morris  M.,  born  July  13,  1873;  and  Alice 
Jeannette,  born  January  27,  1879.  Mr.  Musselman  continued  farming  until  1867,  when 
he  bought  the  interest  of  J.  V.  Danner,  in  the  store  of  Danner  it  Shields,  in  Fairfield; 
April  1,  1882.  he  bought  Mr.  Shields'  interest,  and  has  since  carried  on  business  alone. 
In  1885  he  built  a  commodious  store,  rendered  necessary  by  bis  increasing  trade,  the  re- 
sult of  enterprise  and  integrity.  He  has  been  for  twenty  years  past  justice  of  the  peace, 
elected  five  consecutive  terms;  is  a  member  of  the  Valley  Home  Lodge.  No.  740,1.  0.  0.  P.; 
is  a  prominent  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church,  as  is  also  his  wife,  and  has  been  for  more 
than  twenty  years  superintendent  of  the  Sunday-school.  In  politics  Mr.  Musselman  is  a 
Republican. 

BENJAMIN  JOSEPHUS  REED  (deceased)  was  born  in  the  same  house  in 
Hamiltonban  Township,  this  county,  in  which  he  died  in  August.  1870.  His  grand- 
father, James  Reed,  was  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  in  this  part  of  the  county,  where 
he  took  up  a  large  tract  of  land,  now  divided  into  several  farms,  on  one  of  which 
the  widow  of  our  subject  and  her  four  daughters  now  live.  Benjamin  Reed,  son  of 
James,  was  born  on  the  tract,  and  came  into  possession  of  the  farm  on  which  Mrs.  Reed 
now  lives.  He  married  Sarah  Jack,  and  had  two  sons:  James,  who  died  young,  and  Ben- 
jamin Josephus  (the  youngest  of  the  family)  and  four  daughters.  Margaret.  Nancy, 
Polly  and  Sarah.  None  of  this  family  is  now  living.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  mar- 
ried Arabella  E.  McClellan.  who  was  born  near  Fairfield,  and  they  had  eleven  children, 
three  of  whom  are  deceased:  David  C,  born  August  37,  1844,  and  died  August  20,  1852; 
Joseph  A.,  born  October  14.  1841,  died  February  5,  1862,  and  John  M.,  born  January  18, 
1840,  died  February  15,  1885.  The  living  are  Elvira,  born  March  30.  1825.  wife  of  Alex- 
ander Kyner,  living  near  Shippensburg,  Cumberland  County;  Sarah,  born  March  25,  1827, 
living  with  her  mother;  William  S..  born  May  10.  1829.  married  to  Martha  White,  living 
near  the  old  home;  Benjamin,  born  January  26,  1831.  married  to  Molly  Seifert.  living  in 
Hamiltonban  Township,  this  county;  Mary,  born  April  10,  1833,  liviug  with  her  mother; 
Charles  M.,  born  January  15.  1836'  married  to  Mary  E.  Peters,  of  Hamiltonban  Town- 
ship, this  county,  living  near  the  home-place;  Eliza  B.,  born  January  20.  1838,  and  Mar- 
garet P.,  born  July  4,1847,  are  living  with  their  mother.  The  father  of  this  numerous 
family  never  left  "his  birthplace,  except  during  the  war  of  1812,  when  he  served  in  the 
army.  He  was  contented  with  his  lot,  and  never  aspired  to  office  or  to  place  of  any  kind. 
His  aged  widow  is  now  living  with  her  daughters,  awaiting  the  summons  to  join  him  on 
the  other  shore,  and  her  children  are  making  her  last  days  as  pleasant  and  comfortable 
as  possible.  She  has  always  been  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  and  is  sustained 
in  her  last  days  bvthe  hope  of  eternal  life  to  come. 

DANIEL  B.  'RILEY,  farmer,  P.  O.  Fairfield,  is,  on  the  paternal  side,  of  Irish,  and 
on  the  maternal  side  of  German,  extraction.  His  grandfather  settled  in  Hamiltonban 
Township,  this  county,  and  the  hitter's  son  Barnabas,  father  of  Daniel  B.,  was  born  here 
in  1799,  where  he  died  in  1880.  Barnabas  Riley  was  a  carpenter  by  trade,  at  which  he 
worked  the  greater  part  of  bis  life.  He  also  cultivated  a  farm  in  Liberty  Township,  this 
county,  which  he  bought.  He  built  the  Maria  Furnace  Works,  in  Hamiltonban  Town- 
ship, and  the  Caledonia  Iron  Works,  in  Franklin  County.  Penn.  He  was  an  industrious 
man,  of  good  character,  and  a  deacon  in  the  Lutheran  Church  for  many  years.  In  1869 
he  removed  to  Fairfield,  this  county,  in  which  place  he  died.  His  wife,  Mary  Sheet-,  was 
born  in  Freedom  Township,  this  'county,  in  August,  1805.  They  had  ten  children,  of 
whom  two  died  in  infancy.  The  others  were  named  Adeline,  wife  of  Rev.  William  Ger 
hardt,  of  Martinsburg,  W.'Va.;  Isadore,  deceased  wife  of  John  Nunemaker  (deceased),  of 
Liberty  Township,  this  county;  Allah. wife  of  John  Butt,  of  Highland  Township,  this 
county;  Margaret,  who  died  at  the  age  of  seventeen;  Paxton  H.,  married  to  Harriet  Mus- 
selman, and  living  in  Liberty  Township,  this  county;  Trimper,  married  to  Malinda  Spren- 
kle,  and  living  in  Franklin  County;  Lucretia,  wife  of  Frederick  Shully,  of  Hamiltonban 
Township,  this  county;  and  Daniel  B.,  the  youngest.  Our  subject  was  born  September  14. 
1848,  on  the  farm  in  Liberty  Township,  where  he  worked  until  1869.  when  he  learned  the 
trade  of  a  saddler  in  Fairfield,  at  which  he  worked  until  the  spring  of  1885,  when  he 
rented  the  farm  of  Robert  R.  Blythe,  where  he  is  now  living.  December  27.  1870.  he  was 
married  to  Amanda  A.,  daughter  of  David  Musselman.  of  Hamiltonban  Township,  this 
county,  and  to  this  union  three  children  have  been  born:  Harry  Johnston,  born  May  19, 
1874;  'Howai'd  Beaver,  born  September  25,  1876:  and  Ira  Bair,  born  May  29,  1883.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Riley  arc  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church.     In  politics  he  is  a  Republican. 

ABRAHAM  O.  SCOTT,  physician.  Fairfield,  is  a  great-grandson  of  Hugh  Scott,  who 
emigrated  from  the  North  of  Ireland  in  the  first  part  of  the  last  century,  in  company 
with  his  brother,  Josiah,  aud  located  in  Lancaster  County,  a  few  years  later  coming  to 
Highland  Township,  this  countv,  on  a  farm  now  occupied  by  Washington  Irwin.  Hugh 
Scott  had  four  sons  and  three  daughters,  aud  his  son.  Abraham,  the  grandfather  of  our 
subject,  was  born  on  the  farm  mentioned  in  1756,  and  when  about  twenty  years  old  went 
with  his  parents  to  what  was  then  Westmoreland  County,  where  his  parents  died.     Re- 


I  17 
I1WI1I.TONBAN  T0WH8HIP. 

«*«  to  this  count,  -,  1 gh<  ■  g-  *  t?<  ^nT  iS^SSS^!!^ 

Sterwlrd  sold,  and  &n  Lou. I.    :.  <■'      ;     ,   ■"    ,;.  v,  :l    „„.„.,.  married,  and  by  his  flrsl 

whichi P  ^Sg?  by  his  second,  Fane  Eerr,  he  tad  five; 

wife,  wwJane  McCIean,  be£»* ftu' Xsre  was  no  .  Thr  children's  names  to  the 

byhis    I  ffi™;,  Marea^t  Mary,  George  Kerr,  William  KcOlau, 

order  oi  their  birth  are  Hugh.  John  Margaret,  s.„n  „„.  E|ther  of  the  subjec  of  thw 
Abraham,  James  and  Wary.     Wil lum  B ■  '<  this  county,  and  on  the  death 

gketch,  was  born  January  9  1798,     >  Freed  ■  «   ■  !,  hia  ,,,.,,,,   „,,-„,,  occurred  Au- 

„1  bisfatherhe  inherited  a  ten.' onwhi  en  ma  pulton  County,  who  waaborn 

gust  15,  1863.     Be  was  married,  in  1831,  to  Jan;  k  children,  Eour  now  living: 

f>ecember23,  1794,  and  died  in  A-uguat,  1W7. l  ^  £.  n  „,-  Fairfield,  thia  county; 
Abraham  0.;  Margaret  Rebecca  w if,  ■',.;;, nv  livin,  OM  a  pan  of  the  old  home- 
Qeo   Washington,  married  to  Flonnda ,  Jan.  m  ,  .,-,„,„.,,,,,,  ,,,, ,  county.    Our 

stead;  Man    '  ,  ,     ,     „  ,iiv™  q  iv=...i:.  ,  -..n--     -      ivsburg.and 

subject  was  born  February  31,  W~>.     "'   ■'  ""• '  ' '    '  •,.i.,..tcd  ;„  |s:,(i.     lie  read  medi- 

SSr  Jefferson  Oo\^Om>ooam^m^J»^^^  Qj  ,,, .,„,  yl  ia,  jn 
cine  under  Dr.  David  Horner,  o  E  Get    »g ^  ;'     "  iu  „,:!      „,.  began  practacmgin 

Pbiladelphi ..  and  graduated  with  -  EWriWd,  wh,  re  he  has  bail  ing an 

Hunterstown,  tins  county,  bu1  in  's'''' '';.„,,,  ,„.;„„■  a  skillful  physician.  April  3, 
^tensive  practice,  and  acquired    h,         utato       o    Demg  Hihfand  Township,  this 

1868,  he  was  married  to  Jane  R.  daughtei  oi  i  au,, ,     this  ull,,„,  thereare 

county,  whose  father  was  anofflcei  m  the  K  e* ■  -    _t      •'  .  vVUson,  in  Kansas;  Mary 

ni^e  children,  two  of  whom  died  young.    The  hvtog  an      ^  Jeannette  Rebecca, 

li   wi.Vori'h.ihsA   Si...".!,...!     i.;u-  ;.,.;y  J«2S^toSu^SSlTtag»iai  their  p« 
aherman,  Clara  Margaret,  1-   in     st  n  ik  .in     \  u  h  ^,,.(,m  as  ,  „    „ 

Co    Penn.     His  grandfather,  on  his  fathe   s  side,  w  >    ?i  n  -y  |n  Cn 

0n-his  UlOther'sJalde  his  grand  «0«r™  ^;  U  w  as  h^'n  in  P-'rv  Toun.v  IV.tn  in 
bersbure  after  the  war.     lit-  father,  uamei  w«>  '.  rl  hia  deata.  Q8  died 

SJSFS came  to  Chambersburg  when ayouw J^^^Sbabeti.  Eennaberger, 
in  is,;;:   ;,  the  age  oi  eighty-three.    Our  auMect  a  moiae i,  Tney  had  nine  chil 

"on,  i„  Chambersburg  in  1*8,  died  there  in      .  .    ,;     : ev enty  five        ^ 
dren:  Catherine,  »'    ;ftl^f  "ll     ,     ':    '^  ia,  wfdow  of  Benjamin  Ceefer 

Deckert,  living  in  Blaireville  Indiana/  >■■  i ;  '   ■■  -     '  wb0  died  in  the  spring  of 

livin-  in  Cha£bersburg;  W  illiam,  married  to  fl^abetb       ^",;;  liying  in  Chambers- 

,   u,  liv,s  in  Lafayette  Ind);bid^  w  ,  I,  wo    Lon»  \. . .«    •  ^   wgo         m;u.,,,d 
burg   John,  living  in  Chambersburg,     < ■in     i     «-  •  > '      "  v       wl,„  diedwhen  quite 

to  fohn  McCleary,  of  Ch  ,    ;,         dhs  youth  learned  the  trade  oi  a 

young.    Peter  Shively  was  born July IA  is  .  .aim    n  m    yo  Pairfleid  and  kept 

saddfer,  which  he  worked  at  only  a      i rye,  ot.    in  1°*IflQet^   «Eagie  Hotel,"  for  three 

i''fl  f-'  "»■-  >'":ir-  ,1"-"  'h;-'    "y^Hi'i;     'u       l^u"       th"'    lansionllous,--   ,vo|,,;,-.y. 
I     and  then  he  returne.l     <>  rimtiehl.   .  n,      '"'.-j'11  "''       . .      ,         as  miirri,,l  to  Eliza- 
wWch   he   ha-   ever   -inee  eon; U.ctec        Mar  h   VW,  Ml     Shiv     >  ^^   mum.  ,, 

bcth.1.  I'.elle.eh,  bom    A|.r,l      ■„  1  s J,  .        a  >    '    ;         G    ,„„.„  May  21,  1846,  Wife 

Qelbach.  I  n>r  subject  and  wife  ii  u  l ud  hv. e  u ui ,n.  n  a  ,  ^  w|U  ,„,. 
of  Joseph  Sullivan,  who  ,s  traveling  n  )  c^us t.«^  '  ilnl.,  tore  ()t ,,;,  uncle  ... 
parentsWbas  two  sons,  one  oi  ^T'X^roiuce  business  in  Monrovia,  M<U.  and 
Waynesboro,  and  Percy,  with  an  ™  l'  "  '  "^J  1o1s|1i  wife  of  .1.  I  |,t,..,  Xeely, 
the  other  children  are  Mary  Elizabeth,  bom  December  lrf.io*  n  ,s.v>  dled 
of  Fairfield,  ex-member  of  the :  State  L-eg'^ure  \\  ha.  M  ^  Jrnnir  sli:„.,rer.  ..f 
November  31, 1859;  George  G.,  born i»gJ» >^®* Xro^a^  Jobn  Charles,  born  Sep 
l.ae  i   1    7"™V""'       "ft    \ Ir    si    velv        a'  mc-nibrr  of   Q 1   Samaritan 

In  politics  he  is  a  Republican.  Fairfield    is  a  grandson  of  Adam  Swopc, 

RTJFUSC.  SWOPE,  retired  tannei    I  .  O.  t  airfield    is  a .  ^  i,i,ti,.,t. ,wn. 

who  ean.e  from  f,a„eas.er  County   to  th's  eounty,  locating  t WO^  Sw„p,  live,l  on  the 
and  whose  youngest  son.  Bphraun .was ithe  f ather of  B«™^nd  M  in  building,  con 

farm  until  his  marriage,  when  he  r-ni  'i,       o    .  >       i    v  .^    w)rli   on  Thaddeua 

tracting  for  masonry  an.    bricklaying.    »«"     owing  to  political  animosities, 

Steven!  rail I,  partly  la.,1    ...  &e     fortaes,      ut  win.  w^colonel  of  a.Penn- 

:l  '■'""l'l.-'ed      '  ':       k'ow .      ii  ■    va,  married  to  Catherine  Le 

K^STSSSS^A1%S^^^^  bare  with  her  parent-      V^hen 


448  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

her  father  bought  the  farm  he  paid  for  it  .$40,000,  all  in  silver  dollars,  brought  in 
kegs  by  wagon,  and  it  took  several  days  to  count  it.  Col.  Swope  was  twice  married;  his 
second  wife  being  Susan  Keyports,  now  living  in  Hanover.  He  died  in  1862.  By  his'first 
wife  he  had  eight  children,  of  whom  Rufus  C.  is  one.  Four  died  when  quite  young,  and 
a  son,  Amos  A.,  married  in  the  western  part  of  the  State,  removed  to  Florida,  and'  died 
there  in  1876.  Two  daughters  still  survive:  Josephine,  wife  of  P.  H.  Bittenger,  of  Hano- 
ver, and  Lucinda  C,  wife  of  George  Stonesifer,  of  Littlestown.  By  his  second  wife  the 
Colonel  had  eight  children  also,  all  now  living,  and  all  married,  except  Luther,  a  profes- 
sor of  languages  in  Boston,  Mass.  John  is  an  engineer  on  the  Short  Line  Railroad;  William 
is  on  a  railroad  in  New  Mexico;  Eliza  lives  in  York,  Penn. ;  Margaret  is  in  Westminster 
Md.;  Georgia  is  in  Washington  City;  Ellie  is  in  this  countv;  and  Emma  is  in  Hanover' 
York  County.  Rufus  C.  was  born  August  20,  1822,  in  Littlestown.  His  mother  died 
when  he  was  thirteen  years  old.  and  he  was  then  sent  to  learn  the  trade  of  a  tanner  with 
Daniel  Crome.  at  Littlestown,  where  he  stayed  until  he  was  nineteen,  when  he  rented  a  tan- 
nery in  that  place,  which  he  carried  on  until  1852,  at  which  time  he  bought  a  tannery  in 
Fairfield,  which  he  ran  until  1866.  when  he  sold  it.  He  has  since  1868,  been  agent  for  the 
North  American  Lightning  Rod  Company  of  Philadelphia.  In  1862  he  was  appointed,  by 
Gov.  Curtin,  draft  commissioner  of  this  district,  and  delivered  a  regiment  to  the  authori- 
ties at  Gettysburg.  In  December,  1862.  he  was  appointed  by  President  Lincoln  captain, 
assistant  quartermaster,  and  remained  in  the  service  until  August.  1866,  being  on  duty  in 
Washington  for  a  year  after  the  close  of  the  war.  In  the  fall  of  1866  he  was  appointed  in- 
ternal revenue  collector  of  the  Sixteenth  Congressional  District,  which  position  he  held 
until  March,  1867,  when  he  failed  to  be  confirmed  by  the  Senate,  in  consequence  of  having 
identified  himself  with  the  Johnson  administration.  December  25,  1846,  he  married  Miss 
Evaline  C.  Forrest,  of  Littlestown,  born  June  28,  1823,  and  they  have  had  eight  children, 
two  of  whom  died  in  infancy.  Those  living  are  Elvira  France's,  born  December  14,  1847', 
wife  of  Dr.  J.  Krumrine,  and  living  in  Irvington,  Iud. ;  Granville  H,  born  Juiy  12,  1849' 
married  to  Emma  Buckingham,  of  Gettysburg,  and  living  in  Baltimore;  Augustus  S  ' 
born  August  26,  1850,  married  to  Mattie  Taylor,  of  Clearfield  Countv,  Penn.,  and  livin°-  at 
Colorado  Springs,  Col.;  Ephraim  B.,  born  March  24,  1854.  married  to  Laura,  daugh- 
ter of  Joseph  Gelbach,  of  this  township,  and  living  in  Fairfield;  Clayton  M.,  born  August 
15,  1856,  single,  living  in  Baltimore;  and  Edward  McP.,  born  October  18,  1858,  married  to 
Cora  Stryker,  and  living  in  Petersburg,  Penn.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Swope  are  members  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  and  he  is  likewise  a  member  of  the  Union  Sunday-school  in 
Fairfield.     In  politics  he  is  a  Republican. 

SAMUEL  WALTER,  farmer.  P.  O.  Fairfield.  The  grandfathers  of  the  subject  of 
this  sketch  were  George  Walter  and  Jacob  Lady,  both  of  this  county,  the  former  of  whom 
lived  and  died  in  Franklin  Township,  this  county;  his  wife  was  a  Miss  Settle.  They 
had  six  sons  and  several  daughters.  One  of  the  sons.  William,  the  father  of  Samuel, 
was  born  in  Franklin  Township,  this  countv,  and  died  June  2.3.  1882,  on  our  subject's 
farm.  He  married  Mary  Lady,  who  died  in  1854,  and  they  had  eleven  children:  Jacob, 
married  to  Lucinda  Stover  (now  living  in  Fairfield  Township);  George,  married  to  Cathe- 
rine Herring  (living  in  Nebraska);  Eliza,  wife  of  Daniel  Micklev,  of  Fairfield,  this  county; 
Hetty,  wife  of  John  Pitzer.  of  Gettvsburg;  Daniel  and  Catherine,  both  deceased;  Samuel- 
Mary,  wife  of  John  B.  Weikert,  of  Highland  Township:  William,  deceased;  Harriet  R., 
wife  of  Charles  Weikert,  and  Martha  Jane,  who  died  young.  Our  subject  was  born  Feb- 
ruary 22,  1842,  and  worked  for  his  father  until  November,  1864,  when  he  was  drafted  into 
the  Eighty-second  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry.  He  took  part  with  his  regiment  in 
several  battles,  including  the  siege  of  Petersburg,  and  a  few  days  after  that,  at  a  place 
near  there,  called  Sailor  Creek,  he  was  wounded  in  the  left  arm  by  a  minie  ball;  was  in 
hospital  until  the  close  of  the  wTar,  and  did  not  recover  until  long  after.  December  10, 
1869,  he  was  married  to  Regina  Ellen,  daughter  of  Henry  Walter,  of  Arendtsville' 
Franklin  Township,  this  county.  They  had  three  children:  Minnie  Myrtle,  born  Sep- 
tember 5, 1869,  at  home;  Mary  Blanche,  born  August  2, 1872,  at  home,  and  William  Henry 
Harrison,  born  January  29,  1881,  died  in  infancy.  For  eight  years  after  their  marriage 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Walter  lived  on  his  father's  farm,  when  he  and  his  father  bought  the  farm, 
on  which  he  now  lives,  he  afterward  buying  his  father's  share.  It  comprises  202  acres  of 
fine  land,  with  excellent  buildings.  He  and  his  wife  and  eldest  daughter  are  members  of 
the  Lutheran  Church. 

GEORGE  WATSON,  farmer,  P.  O.  Fairfield,  is  a  native  of  this  county,  born  Febru- 
ary 7,  1829.  James  Watson,  father  of  our  subject,  was  born  in  County  Londonderrv, 
Ireland.  August  1,  1768,  and  immigrated  to  this  couutj',  buying  a  farm  at  the  foot  of  the 
Green  Ridge.  His  wife,  nee  Mary  Gibson,  was  also  a  native'  of  Ireland.  They  had  six 
children,  one  of  whom  died  when  an  infaut.  The  others  were  Robert  (married  to  Han- 
nah Mintzer,  and  living  in  Fairfield,  this  county),  James  (married  to  Elizabeth  Carbaugh, 
and  living  in  Hamiltonban  Township,  this  county);  John  (deceased,  married  to  Elizabeth 
Benschoof),  Eliza  (wife  of  William  Stemm,  of  Cashtown,  this  county),  and  George,  the 
youngest,  Our  subject  lived  on  the  home-farm  until  1874.  he  having  become  its  owner  on 
the  death  of  his  father.     At  the  time  mentioned  he  sold  it  and  bought  the  one  (of  over  15ft 


11  \  MILTON BAN   TOWNSHIP. 


15] 


BfiMB)  on  which  he  lives,  ahout  amUe  weal  of  Fairfield.     Herehe  erected  a  comfortable 
houseand  -"'"I  outbuildings,  and  is  bringing  bis  farm  into  a  fine  ■  ration 

\   .n  s  :   1859  be  was  mamed  to  Mahala.  daughter  of  James  Bmith,  a  nativ Virginia, 

bntai  thai  time  livingin  Hamiltonban  Township,  this  counts      They  have  ten  children 
K.  and  one  George,  who  was  accidently  killed  December  28,  1871,  »l™«««7"«f 
old  By  the  running  away  of  a  team,    The  living  are  James,  born  August  17,  1859  (ma 
,.  ,,!  Scora  HerriSg,  and  living  on  a  pari  of  hislather'a  farm);  Margaret  h    born  Febm- 
,:,,;   1861  (wife  of  Bphraim  Sanders,  of  Hamiltonban  Township);  Eliza,  born  January 
86y  1868  (wife  of  Franklin  Wetzel,  living  below  Bmmittsburg,  Bid.);  EmmaC.,  born  De 
cembeYaV  1867  (wife  of  Henrj  Cleusman,  of  Franklin  County,  Penn.);  I  narlesM.,  born 
Pebruarya   1869;  Sarah  Annie,  born  December  9,  1870;  John,  born   December  80,   1872 
AliwGfbson,  born  January  37,   1874;  Susan  Caroline,  born  Ju j  9,  1877;  and  Robert  W 
C   born  Vmil-'T    1881.    The  six  last  named  are  living  with  their  parents.    Mr.Watsonis 
abicUv  a  farmer.  giving_his  entire  attention  to  agriculture.     hpohtics  he  is  a  Democrat 
1   s'itw  \RT  \\ri'lu:iM\\    farmei  and  surveyor,  P.  0.  Fairfield,  is  ol  Scotch-Irish 
descent  his  grandfather,  John  Witherow,  having  emigrated  when  a  young  man  and  set 
Sed  in  Frederick  County,  Md.,  shortly  aftrrw.nl  returning  to  his  old  home,  and  bringing 
,   ,1  .  res.  of  the  family    His  children  were  Jehn,  William,  David,  Samuel,  Jane  Sarah, 
TOrzabeth  and  Margaret  (all  deceased).     David,  the  father  of  J-  Stewart,  was  born  in 
Frederick  County,  m,  where  he  lived  until  1818,   when   he  and  his  brother,  Samuel, 
bougWa  mill  property  on  Marsh  Creek,  Cumberland  Township,  this  county  wherehe 
iv'.l    ,r  two  years!  when  he  purchased  the  tarmwhere  J.  Stewart  now  lives.     He  retained 
hte  interest  in  the  mill,  but  hfa  brother  having  failed,  his  title  was  sold,  and  the  purchase 
daimed  the  entire  property.    This  claim  was  resisted  and  after  forty  years'  litigation,  was 
I '.  !     .    i     favor  ofthe  hefrs  of  David,  w  ho  still  hold  the  property.     While  at   the  mill, 
I  .  v  id  Witherow  was  married  to  Nancy  Walker.     He  died  in  1847,  aged . sixty-two  years, 
anTbtewidow  i„  1878,  aged  seventy-six.    They,  had  six  children:  Harriet  (who  died  un- 
married   Joseph  (marrieci  to  Miss  Ridinger;  he  is  a  farmer  andowns  property  in  Cumber- 
land Township,  formerly  owned  bj    Lis  great  grandfather  on  his  mother^  side,  his  house 
bdngflvtted  bVtheMason  and  Dixon  Unci.  Washington  imarnc.  toMary  Crooks,  they  live 
'h,    11  mill'..  Elizabeth  (wife  of  James  J.   Hill,  of  Path  Valley.   Franklin  County), 
Barahfwife  of  William  G.  Black,  of  Cumberland  Township),  andj.  Stewart  (born  July  8 
1880  ,  „  the  place  «  here  he  now  lives).   I  >ur  subject  learned  surveying?!  his  father  which 

,.  has  practiced  ever  since,  and  has  been  for  years  the   only  surveyor  in  this  local  ty         n 

V,    he  acquired  possesion  of  the  farm,  which  he  has  also  earned  on.     May  I 18W  he 

i'l    o  Sarah,   daughter  of  Thomas  White  of  Hamil  onban    rownship,  this 

,         To. hi.  union  nine  chUdren  were  born,  three  dying  ...  infancy,  and  the  chest 

n       Willi.-,  when  he   was  twenty  years  old.    The,  survivors  are  Nannie  B.  (wedded  to 

1  ,'i  B  Musselman,  of  Hamiltonban  Township,  this  county);  Mary  C,  H.  Belle,  Mattie 

W   and  Flora  W.,  who  live   with  their  parents.     Mr.   Witherow  was  county  surveyor  for 

three  V cars    and  is  now  county   jury  commissioner.     He  is  a  member  Of  Valley  Home 

T  od  n     \,'  740   I    <».  <).  F,  of  which  he  has  been  secretary  for  years   and  lie  is   ikcw.se 

Dfafflct  DeDllty  Grand  Master.     All  the  family  arc  members  of  Marsh  Creek  Presbyterian 

.'„,,,,    ,,  -  im    war-,  he  has  been  a  trustee.      In  politics  he  ,s  a  Republican. 

CFORCF   W     WORTZ    merchant     Fairfield.       The   -ran, II ather  ol    this  gentleman 

came  from  I  ebanon  County,  Penn.,  and  settled  in  Conowago  Township,  ibis  county,  near 

1  s|, ,'r  t  own  He  bad-even  children:  Jacob,  Peter,  Marcus.  Henry.  George,  Mary 
■  ,1  '„  all  deceased,  most  at  an  advanced  age.  Marcus,  lather  of  George  W  .,  lived 
,'  hi-  f  er'-  farm  until  after  his  marriage,  and  being  the  only  son  at  home.  was.  during 
the  war  of  812  exempt  from  military  duty  on  account  of  his  father  s  advanced  age.  He 
wis  a  fVrmr  but  for  several  years  kept  a  boardi.cz  house  in  McSherrystown.  wliich  he 
f  crw-  r  1  old  and  bought  a  fan.,  from  his  sister,  Mrs.  Stouffer  a  widow,  wherehe  lived 
in   il     few  years  before  his  death,  when,  being  afflicted  with  blindness,  he  sold  the  farm 

I  , m  d  t  a  hou-e  in  Hanover.  Vork  County,  where  he  lived  until  his  death  His  Wife, 
I r  ■  '  I.  II crl-l  was  born  in  Carlisle,  Penn.,  March  5.  1800  and  died  at  York  Springs, 
,1  is  ,tv    May  16    1882.    She  was  a  daughter  of  Rev.   John  Herbst,  pastor  ol 

Luthwan  Church  in  Carlisle,  and  later  in  Maryland  and  in  York  and  other  countie 
P  ,-v lvu.ia  The  children  of  Marcus  and  Elizabeth  Wort/,  were  Eliza  Ann,  born 
August  3  1818  who  became  the  wife  of  John  Allabaugh.  and  alter  his  decease  married 
Michael  Bushey,  of  East  Berlin,  this  county,  where  they  live;  Julia  Ann,  born  Novembet 
s  sp  widowof  Jesse  1).  Keller,  of  Conowago  Township,  this  counw,  hying  ...  Hanover; 
Jacob  M  born  dune  15,  1827,  married  to  Maggie  Shaeffer,  both  died  at  Glen  Rock,  York 
Co  IV..;  Amelia,  born  August  20,  1821,  was  wife  of  Jacob  Musselman,  o Hamiltonban 
TownshiD  this  county,  both  deceased;  Sarah  11..  born  July  I,  1833  wifeol  Daniel  Mus- 
aetaan of  Fairfidd,  this  county;  Louisa  E..  born  July  I.  1831  wife  ol  Dr  D.  Diller  of 
Yo?k  Springs  this  county;  a  sin,  who  died  at  ten  j>  i  daughter,  who  died 

whe,,  an  infant,  and  G rge  W  .  the  youngest  child.    Our  subject  was  bom  September  1, 

1840  in  M^herrystown,  and  lived  on  the  farm  (to  which  his    ather  had  removed)  un  d 
heWassUte^n  years  old,  when  he  clerked  for  tw  .  rears  for  John  Busbyinthe  house  in 


452  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

which  he  was  born;  two  years  for  his  brother  in  New  Oxford;  then  farmed  the  home, 
place  for  four  years,  teaching  in  winter;  farmed  a  year  near  Fairfield;  then  started  a  gro- 
cery, to  which, in  1866,  he  added  a  dry  goods  store.  He  has  made  several  business  changes 
since  then;  was  for  three  years  running  a  steam  saw-mill,  where  a  board  hurled  by  the  saw 
against  his  face  nearly  killed  him.  He  also,  at  different  times,  built  twenty-eight  houses 
in  the  town,  adding  largely  to  its  growl  h  and  prosperity.  In  January,  1886,  he  bought 
back  the  business  carried  on  in  his  own  building,  and  is  now  engaged  in  merchandising. 
December  17,  1863,  Mr.  Wortz  was  married  to  Martha  .T.  Myers,  of  York  Springs,  ihi- 
county,  born  March  24,  1843.  They  have  four  children:  Minnie  F.,  born  January  16,  1865; 
Harry  L.,  born  June  23,  1868;  Alice  R.,  born  January  26,  1873,  and  Ella  Gertrude,  born 
October  2,  1875,  all  living  with  their  parents.  Mr.  Wortz  has  been  a  school  director  for 
nine  years,  all  of  which  time  he  was  secretary  of  the  board;  is  a  member  of  Valley  House 
Lodge, No.  740,1.  O.  O.  F.,  in  which  be  has  filled  all  the  chairs, and  of  which  he  was  secre- 
tary for  several  years.;  has  also  been  District  Deputy  Grand  Master.  Mr.  and  Mrs. Wortz, 
their  eldest  daughter  and  son  are  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church,  in  which  he  was  a 
deacon  six  years.  In  politics  our  subject  is  a  Republican;  is  at  present  the  judge  of 
elections,  which  office  he  filled  several  times. 


CHAPTER   LVIII. 
HIGHLAND  TOWNSHIP. 

DAVID  BAUMGARDNER,  farmer,  P.  0.  Fairfield,  was  born  in  Adams  County, 
Penn.,  July  1,  1830,  and  is  a  son  of  John  and  Mary  (Angel)  Baumgardner,  the  former  a 
•native  of  Pennsylvania  and  the  latter  of  Maryland.  David  was  three  years  of  age  when 
his  parents  moved  to  Carroll  County,  Md.,  where  his  father  engaged  in  farming  until  his 
death.  He  lived  on  the  homestead  in  Maryland  until  1863,  when  he  returned  to  Pennsyl- 
vania and  located  in  Fairfield.  Shortly  after  he  moved  to  Franklin  County,  where  he 
resided  three  years  and  then  moved  to  Hamiltonban  Township,  this  county,  where  he 
bought  property  and  resided  three  years.  He  then  bought  a  small  farm  in  Franklin 
Township,  on  which  he  lived  eighteen  months  and  moved  to  his  present  place  in  1872, 
where  he  owns  thirty  acres  of  land.  He  was  first  married,  in  1854,  to  Catherine  Wolf, 
who  bore  him  four  children:  Louisa  Adelaide,  married  and  living  in  this  county;  John  S., 
married  and  moved  to  Ohio;  Catherine  E.,  married  and  moved  to  Florida,  and  William  D., 
married  and  moved  to  Ohio,  Mrs.  Baumgardner  died  in  1862,  and  our  subject's  second 
marriage  took  place  in  1863,  with  Hettie  Musselman,  to  which  union  five  children  were 
born:  Amos  M.,  Hettie  V.,  Laura,  Elmer  J.  and  Samuel  R.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Baumgardner 
are  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church.  Politically  he  is  a  Republican.  Our  subject  has 
one  brother,  named  Samuel,  and  three  sisters:  Maria,  Elizabeth  and  Susann.  He  was 
drafted  into  the  Union  Army  in  1864,and  August  6,  of  that  year,  he  supplied  a  substitute  at 
a  cost  of  $S30. 

DANIEL  BEARD,  farmer,  P.  O.  Gettysburg,  was  born  in  Adams  County,  Penn., 
July  8,  1822,  and  is  a  son  of  George  and  Sarah  (Minta)  Beard,  natives  of  Pennsylvania. 
His  father,  a  farmer,  died  in  1843,  and  after  his  death  the  family  moved  to  Freedom 
Township,  where  they  resided  for  several  years.  Daniel  went  to  Illinois  and  located  in 
McLean  County,  where  he  lived  for  two  years,  and  in  1861  he  moved  to  where  he  now 
resides,  where  he  owns  thirty-three  acres  of  good  land.  In  1861  he  was  drafted  into 
Company  C,  One  Hundred  and  Sixty-fifth  Regiment,  and  served  under  Capt.  McGinly 
for  nine  months,  during  which  time  he  participated  in  several  skirmishes.  He  married, 
November  11,  1847.  Barbara  Kelly,  who  bore  him  eight  chddren.  three  now  living:  Charles 
E.,  Virginia  and  Henry  Foster.  Mrs.  Beard  died  March  20,  1882,  and  April  6,  1886,  Mr. 
Beard  married  Catherine  Haldeman.  Mr.  Beard  is  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  and  Mrs. 
Beard  of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 

R.  WILLIAM  BREAM,  farmer,  P.  O.  Gettysburg,  was  born  in  Cumberland  Town- 
ship, Adams  Co.,  Penn.,  April  10,  1850,  and  is  a  son  of  ex-Sheriff  Francis  and  Elizabeth 
(Slaybaugh)  Bream,  natives  of  this  county.  His  father,  who  was  the  first  Democratic 
sheriff  of  Adams  County,  elected  in  1842,  and  serving  one  term,  died  in  the  spring  of  1882; 
his  widow  still  survives.  Our  subject  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  remained  with  his  parents 
until  he  was  twenty-five  years  old,  when  he  married.  After  that  event  he  engaged  in  the 
milling  business  at'  the  Mineral  Mills  successfully  for  five  years.  In  the  spring  of  1882 
he  moved  to  where  he  uow  resides  in  Highland  Township,  here  owning  a  farm  of  110  acres. 
He  erected  a  large  brick  residence  and  a  fine  barn,  and  has  one  of  the  best  improved  places 


HIGHLAND   TOWNSHIP 


153 


,•       n      ,  ,i    rO    ift7R   hn  married  Ida  B   Weirman,  who  has  borne  him  two 

',;";-,r^a'i;.         -'i "       .'■■  nR     Tl       .,v,„\,v  iembersol  tta.   Lutheran  0 ch 

I S!'i^     :^  «= 

'I',  '.,■•   .„  V  H'  dfatlier,  Adam  Byers.  came  fr «£ 

/  f«.hp'r  who  lived tuntill866,   when  he  moved  to  the  upper  end  oi  the 

pi  gi£J 

15,  'sir.  M  in   and  Janet.     Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cunningham  are  members  oi   the   1  resbytenan 
C'U'hi'vh   \    McOAUQHY  farmer,  P.  0.  Gettysburg,  was  born  in  Cumberland  Town- 

cared foi  them  until  they  both  passed  away;  tbefathei  dii d  "'  j^1;!'    ,  ,  .",    .,  ,   „,,„ 

ISTs.      Mr.  Ploulz  has  been  twice  married;  hr-l    ...   FetaW,  g ■  '■■    .< So ph,     II.     «    0 
bore  him  five  children,  two  living,  Margarel  B.  and  Emma  B.     His  nrst  win  oymg 


454  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

29,  1867;  he  next  married,  May  3.  1881,  Sarah  J.  Jacobs,  a  native  of  Frederick  County. 
Md.  To  this  union  two  children  were  born,  one  now  living,  Mary  E.  In  1869, 
Mr.  Pfoutz  moved  to  his  present  place,  and  now  owns  241  acres  of  good  land  and  forty- 
four  acres  of  mountain  land.  He  has  fine  improvements  and  his  surroundings  show  him 
to  be  an  industrious  and  intelligent  citizen.  He  has  served  for  two  years  as  director  of 
the  poor.  Politically  he  is  a  Democrat.  He  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  German 
Baptist  Church. 

DANIEL  K.  SNYDER,  miller,  P.  O.  Gettysburg,  was  born  in  this  county  Novem- 
ber 25,  1834,  a  son  of  George  and  Susan  (Fair)  Snyder.  His  father,  also  a  native  of  Adams 
County,  a  farmer  by  occupation,  served  in  the  war  of  1812,  resided  nearly  all  his  life  in 
the  neighborhood  of  Bonneauville,  and  died  in  1865.  His  mother  was  a  native  of  Mary- 
land, and  died  in  1859.  Daniel  K.  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  remained  with  his  parents 
until  he  was  twenty  years  of  age.  He  then  learned  the  miller's  trade,  and  worked  three 
years  in  the  mill;  then  learned  the  mason's  trade,  which  he  followed  for  nine  years 
and  taught  school  during  the  winter  seasons.  He  married,  May  30,  1866,  Mary  A.  Dear- 
dorff,  who  has  borne  him  seven  children:  Elizabeth  M.,  Susan  C,  Sarah  E.,  Agnes  H., 
Georgie  L.,  Jacob  D.  and  Harry  L.  After  marriage  he  went  to  farming  in  Franklin 
Township,  this  county,  where  he  remained  five  years;  "then  moved  to  Gettysburg,  and  after 
one  year  returned  to  Franklin  Township,  where  he  remained  eight  years.  In  1879  he 
moved  to  where  he  now  resides  and  bought  the  Gleenwood  Mills,  on  Marsh  Creek,  which 
he  has  operated  ever  since;  he  conducts  both  a  grist  and  saw  mill.  This  mill  is  said  to 
have  been  in  operation  during  the  Revolution,  and  ground  food  for  the  soldiers.  Mr. 
Snyder  owns  eighty-three  acres  of  land,  which  he  farms  in  connection  with  his  mill.  He 
and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church. 

GRANVILLE  STULTZ,  farmer,  P.  O.  Gettysburg,  was  born  in  Frederick  County.Md., 
December  19,  1827,  a  son  of  Nicholas  and  Catherine  (Crumb l  Stultz,  natives  of  Lancaster 
County.  The  parents  moved  to  Maryland  in  an  early  day,  where  they  remained  until 
1830;  then  returned  to  Pennsylvania,  and  resided  three  years  in  Cumberland  Township, 
this  county;  then  moved  to  Hamiltonban  Township,  where  the  mother  died  in  September, 
1863,  and  the  father  in  July,  1865.  Granville  was  reared  on  the  farm  and  remained  with 
his  parents  until  twenty-four  years  of  age,  when  he  married  and  returned  to  Frederick 
County,  Md.  There  he  remained  one  year,  when  he  located  in  Highland  Township,  this 
county,  where  he  has  since  resided,  with  the  exception  of  one  year  he  spent  in  Liberty 
Township.  In  the  spring  of  1872  he  moved  to  his  present  place,  where  he  owns  fourteen 
and  one-half  acres  of  land,  and  on  which  he  has  put  all  the  buildings  and  improvements. 
In  November,  1862,  he  was  drafted,  served  nine  months,  and  participated  in  some  skir- 
mishes. After  his  draft  expired  he  was  re-drafted  and  served  until  the  close  of  the  war. 
March  2,  1854,  he  married  Margaret,  daughter  of  Henry  and  Barbara  (Valentine)  Damauth, 
and  their  union  was  blessed  with  two  children;  Robert  K.  and  an  infant  deceased.  Mr. 
Stultz  has  held  the  office  of  supervisor,  and  has  also  served  as  the  first  township  clerk  of 
Highland  Township,  inspector  and  judge.  He  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  German 
Baptist  Church. 

EMANUEL  G.  TROSTLE.  farmer,  P.  O.  Gettysburg,  was  born  in  Adams  County, 
Penn.,  December  1,  1839,  son  of  Henry  and  Jane  (Pitzer)  Trostle,  natives  of  Pennsylvania. 
His  father  was  a  miller  and  blacksmith,  but  followed  farming  during  the  latter  part  of  his 
life.  Emanuel  G.  was  reared  on  the  farm  until  seventeen  years  of  age,  when  he  hired  out 
on  a  farm  for  two  years;  then  learned  the  shoe-maker's  trade,  which  he  followed  until 
1866.  In  1868  he  went  to  Lee  County,  111.,  and  there  remained  six  months;  then  returned 
to  Pennsylvania,  locating  at  Gettysburg,  where  he  farmed  and  followed  his  trade  for  two 
years.  He  then  abandoned  his  trade  and  devoted  his  time  exclusively  to  agriculture.  In 
1880  he  bought  fifty-two  acres  of  land,  where  he  has  since  resided.  In  October,  1859,  he 
married  Mary  Plank,  a  daughter  of  John  and  Hester  (Mickley)  Plank,  and  three  children 
have  blessed  their  union:  Harry  M.,  Ida  M.  and  Minnie;  they  also  have  an  adopted  child 
—Oscar  Muudorff.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Trostle  are  members  of  the  German  Reformed  Church 
of  Gettysburg.  He  has  held  the  offices  of  township  judge,  assessor  and  collector.  Dur- 
ing the  war,  while  Mr.  Trostle,  his  wife  and  child  were  residing  on  the  Emmittsburg  road, 
about  three  miles  from  Gett3rsburg,  a  rebel  colonel  rode  up  to  him  one  evening,  and 
advised  him  to  leave  the  place  as  his  life  was  in  danger.  Mr.  Trostle,  who  was  crippled 
at  the  time,  and  walked  with  the  aid  of  a  staff  and  crutch,  told  the  colonel  that  he  could 
not  pass  through  his  pickets.  The  colonel  told  him  that  he  would  take  him  through,  and 
accordingly  did  so.  The  next  morning,  however,  becoming  uneasy  about  his  household 
goods,  he  started  back,  accompanied  by  a  friend,  and  got  as  far  as  the  pickets  when  he 
was  captured.  He  was  takeu  to  the  battle-field,  expecting  to  be  paroled,  but  the  firing 
opened  before  the  parole  could  be  made  out.  He  was  taken  to  Staunton.  Va.,  walking 
the  entire  distance  of  175  miles;  was  on  the  road  si\  days,  and  for  three  days  had  not  a 
mouthful  to  eat.  He  was  detained  in  Richmond  prison,  Libby,  Castle  Thunder,  Hell's 
Delight,  and  Salisbury,  N.  C. ;  iu  all  twenty-two  months.  He  had  been  reported  killed, 
but  his  wife  always  held  hopes  of  seeing  him  again.  After  his  release  he  returned  home, 
feeling  better  than  he  had  ever  been  before. 


in  NTINGTON    TOWNSHIP. 


155 


rnHN  WILSOS   fanner  P  0.  Gettysburg,  was  born  in  Highland  TownsMp.  Adams 
Coun       Pen  ,     Ma,vh  10  "s::,i,  and  is  a  son  ol  Willi:,,,,  and  ^naf Meredith)  Wi 5son  na 

tives  of  Pennsylvania,  and  of  Scotch  Irish  descent,  the  formeroi  « '''/.,,' 

180*    has  been  a  resident  of  this  county  all  bis  life.     Our  subject  was   eared  on  th 

Third  Reriment  PennsyyaSis  Volunteer  Cavalry,  and  served  three  years  under  <  . 
':"'l',;n,  and  •*  illiani  E.  Miller  He  participated  in  the  baUles  oj  Chancdlors^ 
Gettvsbun:  ami  from  Bamp  Harrison's  Landing,  Cold  Harbor,  \y  n\  a  *ora 

mdMverfloth  ,-  and  lost  the  sight  of  bis  left  eye,  bj  a  BheTl  burstings  bis  face;  at  Bull 
Run  October  14    868  he  was  wounded  in  the  left   arm  by  a  .charge,  ^  horse  fe  11         I 
.     t  co    i     11., „,,,„„'     division  ran  over  him.     lie  was  ana,,,   wounded,  at   .Mine  Hun. 
^  ;:,,  -  ?8     '  audi,    Jun  "Si  ™  funded  inthe'right  knee  at  Petersburg  but 

n       i  bis  wounds" ved  in  all  the  bard  fought  battles      He  wasdischarged  August 

^ttatPniradefphiaandretur I  home    Shortly  after  hewent  to  Ohio  an? Ire mamed 

,„  ,•  year    thence  to  Illinois,  where  be  resided  two  years,     in  1873  he  went  to  I  .mtomia 

wd  was'absen    nine  years  three  of  which  were  spent  in  Nevada.     He  now  makes  l,,s 

ewfth^fsparentV     He  was  a  brave  soldier  and  has  an  interesting  war  record. 


CHAPTER  LIX. 


HUNTINGTON  TOWNSHIP  AND  BOROUGH  OF  YORK 
SPRINGS. 

SSS^^»fi^Aaas^5flfiafff» 

Und  County     In  18M  he  left  the  farm  and  took  charge  oi  a  school  near  fork  Springs, 

Us,  internalrevenue  in  the  BixteenS  Pennsylvania  District,  mnllM  when  he 

.   movedfor  no  endorsing  the  policy  of  President  Andrew  Johnson.  _  A\  rule  assistant 

J,,!,,  was  also  appointed  and  served  as  United  States  inspector  oi  cigars  and  tobac- 

',„  for \  l.i,    V  untv      11, ■  i-  an  earnest  advocate  of  the  free  school  system,  and  is  no* 

;      ,:  ,„        h„"l  director,  an  office  that  he  has  tilled  for  the  past,  twelve  consec 

;, ,   ■    C.-aJ    S?nfel871  be  has  been  a  justice  of  the  pear,.,  and,  as  a  slight  evidenced  he 

p^te  manner  in  Which   be  tilled  the  important  trust   he   was   .,,,,„,   v  .;.:  -|''    »>    '^ 

M«Rfi   hvaixtv-fourmaiority  out  of  eisrhty-four  votes  cast,     in  1H<-  ana  t-.-i  no 

;  "    ,  ,'   i    .,    I     .    ,  '  V  ,        !  '.I,,),  ...  •■ 1.  ,,„.'l  i"  1882  was  ,„."„■ ■.,  by  II   ».„1  ;,,n 

stTt esCo  ,  at  Philadelphia,  and  was  notably  a,„l  publiclj  commended  by  the  pressing 
hi,.  Cadwalladei  for  his  services  on  that  occasion  and  for  l,,s  prompt  and  energetic ,ac 
fflnpromoting  he  cause  of  justice.  Mr.  Beales  i  achartet  memberoi  Hebron  Lodge, 
No  65  A  V  &  A.  M  .  at  York  Springs;  hasserved  as  master  and  is  now  ts  treasurer 
Hewas'one  o  .!„•  organizers  and  a  charter  member  of  the  \  ork  Springs  Building  &  Loan 
\  s,  ,,i,n  and  acte^  as  its  president  for  eleven  years.  I  was  chartered  in .1889 ,and 
continued  until  issi.  and  proved  a  success.  He  is  now  aein,,-  as  a  director  ot  he  Adams 
r,  ,  v  l'.r  nsuranee  Company.  Mr.  Beales  has  the  well-deserved  confidence  of  the 
,  ,  win:;:  he  re'i.'L:  I  constantly  employ,,!   in  his  ;''Vn;n.l  dut.es    an,    ..ttends 

t(,  „,,l,,v  all  the  le.a!  business  and  settlementSO    estate-,  etc     e  c..  ,     <tob»oaghof    • 
Rnrinomuid  vicinity       lie  has  been   twice   married:  lust   in    1804,  to   JMlzaoein  onaner,  u 
SudKf  S  Shaffer,  and  by  this  union  one  el.ihl  was  born,  now  deceased;  his  Wife 
du'd  in 1860   ami  September  19,  1865,  he  married  Susan  It.  Hoover,  of  Carlisle,  a  daughter 


456  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES : 

of  Samuel  M.  Hoover.  Mrs.  Beales  died  April  1.  1877,  leaving  two  children,  Florence  E., 
born  September  19,  1866,  and  Mary  Eva,  born  June  17.  1869,  who  both  reside  with  theil 
father  at  York  Springs.  Mr.  Beales  is  a  consistent  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church.  The 
Beales  family  is  a  very  old  one  in  Adams  County,  settling  in  what  is  now  Latimore  Town- 
ship early  in  the  eighteenth  century.  The  first  was  Caleb  Beales  and  his  wife,  Mary.  He 
and  wife  both  died  in  Latimore  Township.  Their  sun,  Caleb,  died  in  1840,  aged  eighty 
years,  married  Lydia  Walker  a  native  of  (  Ihester  County,  Penn.  A  son  of  the  last  union 
was  also  Caleb,  wlni  married  Evaliue  Godfrey,  a  native  of  Culpeper  County,  Va.,  and  a 
daughter  of  Thomas  and  Mary'(Settle)  Godfrey.  These  three  Caleb  Beales  and  their 
wives  all  lived  and  died  on  the  farm  near  York  Sulphur  Springs,  in  Latimore  Township. 
The  family  were  originally  members  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  and  those  mentioned  are 
buried  in 'the  Friends'  burying  ground,  in  Latimore  Township.  The  Godfreys  and  Set- 
tles were  Episcopalians  and  were  all  of  pure  English  extraction.  Caleb  and  Evaline  (God- 
frey) Beales  were  the  parents  of  four  children:  Cyrus  G.,  mentioned  elsewhere;  Mary  C. 
who  married  Dr.  I.  W.  Pearson,  of  York  Springs;  Lydia  W.,  who  died  aged  four  years; 
and  Charles  W.,  of  York  Springs. 

FRANCIS  COULSON,  farmer,  P.  O.  York  Sulphur  Springs,  was  born  October  22, 
1818,  and  is  a  son  of  William  and  Susan  (Lobach)  Coulson.  He  was  reared  a  farmer  in 
Latimore  Township,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty-two  began  to  work  for  himself  at  different 
occupations.  February  17,  1847,  he  married  Catharine  R.,  daughter  of  Moses  and  Rachel 
(Deardorff)  Funk,  and  who  was  born  and  reared  on  the  farm  where  our  subject  now  re- 
sides. Her  grandparents,  Daniel  and  Elizabeth  (Hull)  Funk,  settled  on  a  farm  one-half 
mile  west  of  our  subject's  residence,  and  afterward  moved  to  an  adjoining  farm  where 
they  died.  The  Funks  were  originally  from  Switzerland,  Mrs.  Coulson  being  of  the  sixth 
generation  in  America.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Coulson  two  children  were  born:  Sarah  E..  born 
May  10,  1848,  died  April  20.  1864,  and  Nancy  Jane,  born  August  20,  1849,  died  in  infancy, 
Mr.  Coulson  has  always  been  engaged  in  farming  the  homestead,  which  consists  of  156 
acres,  two  miles  north  of  York  Springs,  and  is  a  highly  honored  and  respected  citizen. 
Charles  Coulson,  his  great-grandfather,  w7as  probably  born  in  England,  and  entered  606 
acres  of  land,  in  1749,  in  Monaghan  (now  Franklin)  Township,  York  Co.,  Penn.,  which, 
at  his  death,  in  17!I0.  he  bequeathed  to  his  two  sons,  William  and  Francis.  He  is 
buried  in  the  Episcopal  Cemetery,  three  miles  southwest  of  York  Springs.  Francis 
Coulson,  the  grandfather  of  our  subject,  was  born,  probably,  in  Franklin  Township,  York 
Co.,  Penn.  He  was  twice  married;  first  to  Miss  Margaret  Neely,  who  bore  him  the  fol- 
lowing-named children:  Jane  Love,  Charles,  William,  Mary  and  Francis.  After  his  first 
wife's  death  he  married  Tamar  Hendricks,  but  had  no  children.  He  had  at  his  death, 
which  occurred  in  1835.  250  acres  of  land,  part  lying  in  York  County,  and  part  in  Latimore 
Township,  this  county,  which  land  he  divided  between  his  three  sons,  Charles,  William 
and  Francis.  His  son,  William,  the  father  of  our  subject,  a  farmer  by  occupation,  was 
born  just  across  the  line,  in  York  County.  He  married,  about  1816  or  1817,  Susan  Lobach, 
a  daughter  of  Andrew  Lobach,  of  Latimore  Township,  this  county,  formerly  from  Berks 
County,  Penn.,  and  after  his  marriage  lie  lived  until  his  death  on  the  other  side  of  the 
road  in  Adams  County.  The  Coulson  name  is  strictly  English  and  the  family  were  mem- 
bers of  the  Episcopal  Church.  William  and  Susan  (Lobach)  Coulson  had  eight  children: 
Francis,  our  subject;  Mary  A.,  still  residing  in  Latimore  Township:  Tamar,  who  died 
single,  Andrew  L.,  who  married  and  reared  a  family  of  seven  children  (is  now  deceased); 
Elizabeth,  married  to  Joseph  Manges,  of  York  County,  Penn.;  John,  who  married  and  re- 
sides in  Latimore  Township,  this  county;  Benjamin,  who  married  a  Miss  Deardorff  (both 
now  deceased);  George  W.,  married  to  Mrs.  Hubbs,  nee  Blair  (is  a  widower  with  two  chil- 
dren and  resides  in  Philadelphia). 

ARMSTRONG  B.  DILL,  M.  D.,  York  Springs.  The  family  from  whom  Dr.  Dill  is  a 
descendant,  in  a  direct  line,  were  of  Scotch-Irish  ancestry,  and  came  to  America  during  a 
very  early  date  in  its  history.  They  were  Presbyterians  and  some  of  their  descendants 
have  occupied  high  positions  of  trust  and  honor  in  public  office  and  in  the  different  profes- 
sions. John  VVitherspoon,  a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  president  of  Prince- 
ton College  New  Jersey,  married  a  Mrs.  Ann  Dill,  the  widow  of  Dr.  Armstrong  Dill,  of 
Dillsburg,  York  County,  the  place  being  named  after  the  family.  The  first  now  known  by 
name  was  a  Capt.  Matthew  Dill,  who  obtained  his  official  title  in  the  early  Indian  wars, 
and  lived  in  Carroll  Township,  York  County,  or  at  Dillsburg,  where  he  was  buried  in  1725. 
His  son.  Col.  Matthew  Dill,  was  an  officer  in  the  Revolution,  and  seven  of  his  sons  and  one 
son-in-law.  named  Johnson,  served  in  the  Continental  Army.  He  died  about  1816,  and 
was  buried  at  Fairfield.  Adams  County.  Nothing  definite  is  known  of  Col.  Matthew 
Dill's  seven  sons,  except  Thomas  and  George.  The  former  moved  to  Washington  County, 
Penn,,  and  several  of  his  grandchildren  became  very  prominent  in  the  ministry,  viz.:  Prof. 
Henry  Wilson,  said  to  be  one  of  the  ablest  Presbyterian  divines  in  the  State,  also  Revs. 
Calvin  Dill  Wilson  and  William  R.  Paxton,  now  of  Princeton  College,  were  descendants  of 
the  same  family.  The  latter  was  a  soldier  in  the  war  of  1812,  and  after  serving  through 
that  struggle,  while  returning  home,  died  of  disease.  He  had  two  children:  George 
and  Matthew.     Matthew,  last  named,  was  born  at  Dillsburg,  about  1790,  and  was  married 


HUNTINGTON   TOWNSHIP. 


I.u 


manhood:    1    -  ;  ;       -x;  ■      ,    ,  ■„,   Volunteer  Infantrj    and  was  the 

r;'';;,"::  ;,-  '     ,  -" M  *7*y»  own  expense  „.. 

'  i    iU  .  w.  re    ,,,-k.v.I  into  the  Sixth  Wisconsin  Volunteer  Infantrj      He    erved 

frescott,  andth  ej  wer<  muster^  ,     Willi:l„,  .,    Dill  died  ai  Sandu 

"'r,'    oil i  JlS    D  r  Anns*  •  E.  who  married  William  Clears  of  Pres- 

r'fifvSeobtSnedhis  literary  education  in  the  schools  oi  therein  elect 

( '""'■■,  WplUville  in  York  Count]      In  his  twenty  second  year,  he  begi adins  medl 

t'/wi       ,     w    ia     II  r..;.v,-r.  of  Dillsburg.     tfe  attended  Jefferson  Medical  doll 
SphSidetohU/  in 1859  and  graduated  at  the  Bellevu,    S;    pital  Medical  I  pllege.of  New 
York  inl88S     On  the  26th  of  March,  i860,  the  Doctor  began  practice  at  York  Sulphm 

":|-  r,rr"1  :'"'  T,  ,     ,-    Kn    '.v  ,',i  \s  nroi.lcn)  of  the  school  board  intheboroi 

,rT  ''      i      Vnili,  h  ,,  , r-h .    I  nuaVyS    868,  Emma  J.  Breechbill,  of  Scl 

^CouXi  tvTeighVchUdreyn:'ZulaB.,  George  McKendree.  Will 

K  ,V  nn- .1 \ Tii.-i.  Matthew  Thompson,  Emma  J.,  Hope  and  Alice  Johnson  Ru 
Kr  and  his  wife  are  both  members  of  the  Methodist  Church  and  he  has  served  in 
1  ftvi  the  church  offices      He  is  one  of  the  most  substantial  oi  its  supporters  m  the 

,[      Andrew  H   Dill    a  prominent  candidate  a  few  years  since  for  governor  of 
"v     ,ni,  WW  alrel't-grandson  oi  Col.  Matthew  Dill,  before  mentioned      Th  Doctor 
Kyil?poXteblysiu[aTedthe 'owner  of  two  good  farms,  near  th  «da 

^d|lC^VEeW^MMBRTe&VBkO.,  gener terchahts,  York  Springs.      This  Arm 

1      , ',     ,v  i-i    taoA   hi  c,,,.  ■■!•  w    and  Gilbert  P.  Emmert,  sons  of  W.  D. 

--"' '':;;"•,,.  oldest  in  Adams  County,  and  who  ha, 

'■"""r     ,'    l  f"      I-  .  v'f      rvcrs.  as.^nrnilnK.vh.un.a.  Nru()MM,,l.      Both 

'„  ,,.,,,  ,!„■..  I.oolsof  New  Oxford.     Bringing,  as  they  did,  the  experience 

ofSe^tothefr  a°d  in  establishing  their  present  business  U  a,  once  became  a  succ^s. 
ti  ■'..„■,.,■,„,  their  shelves  the  year  round,  an  average  stock  worth  lion  ^i»«'  t<>  s;^- 
LdX^^avewS  upward  oi   $16,000  per  annum.    This  stock  consists  oi  everything    _ 

*"&££&  ™  M5£Mv5*&  was  employed  in  his  father's  store,  a. 
NeJ  eSutiyeyears;  ^  «^%£  ^  £^M=-/ »5 

M'    ,!;".",'    '  ■'  ^  V    M,n  August    8,  1858,  and  on  leaving  scl 1  1 sis  years'. exper 

;,.„,.  '   ,ii  '  ,  I,'.',"  -ton      In  1880  he  began  to  learn  the  trade  of  a  hardwood  finisher  in 

i  mam    i 

nn  tannine  a  number  oi   years,  and  was  followed  m  Hint  business   n\    n\oo.  .uii= 

of  carriages  on  a  large  Bcale,  each  having  a  separate  establishment.     I"  th.  lattei  part  oi 


458  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

burg,  Perm.,  and  later  entered  Dickinson  College,  at  Carlisle,  Penn.,  where  he  remained 
two  years.  In  the  spring  of  1854  he  entered  the  Baltimore  Conference  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church.  His  pastorates  have  been  Mercersburg.  Penn.,  Middletown  and  Lib- 
erty, Md.,  McConnellsburg,  Penn..  Hancock,  Md.,  Lock  Haven  and  Curwensville,  Penn., 
Exeter  Street.  Strawbridge,  Eastern  Avenue  and  Franklin  Street,  in  Baltimore  city,  and 
Ryland  and  Mount  Zion,  Washington,  D.  C,  and.  by  special  transfer,  for  three  years  at 
the  old  Liberty  Street  Church.  Pittsburgh,  Penn.  He  is  at  present  pastor  of  the  Franklin 
Street  Church,  in  Baltimore.  During  the  war  he  was  an  ardent  Union  man,  and  supported 
the  Government  in  every  proper  and  patriotic  way  in  its  effort  to  suppress  the  Rebellion. 
On  the  early  morning  of  July  .4,  1863,  before  the  result  of  the  battle  of  Gettysburg  was 
known,  a  messenger  from  Gen.  Smith,  en  route  for  Gen.  Meade's  headquarters,  with  impor- 
tant dispatches,  met  Mr.  Gardner  in  front  of  his  father's  house,  in  York  Springs,  and 
asked  for  directions  to  get  around  the  rebel  army  to  Gen.  Meade.  Our  subject  volun- 
teered himself  as  a  guide,  and  successfully  conducted  him,  by  way  of  New  Oxford,  arriv- 
ing on  the  battle  ground  at  6  P.  M.,  and  during  the  following  week,  in  connection  with 
the  Christian  Commission,  was  occupied  in  caring  for  and  attending  to  the  sick  and 
wounded  soldiers  of  both  armies.  The  year  following,  as  a  member  of  the  Christian 
Commission,  he  was  with  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  through  the  battle  of  the  Wilderness, 
and  until  the  army  crossed  the  James  River.  The  greater  part  of  the  time  he  was  at- 
tached to  the  field  hospital  and  exposed  to  the  usual  dangers  consequent  to  marching  and 
fighting.  Of  all  the  numerous  progeny  of  Bernhard  Gardner  first  mentioned,  now  number- 
ing many  hundreds,  the  Rev.  Leonard  M.  is  the  only  one  who  ever  became  a  minister  of 
the  gospel,  and,  though  only  one  from  the  flock,  the  Lord  has  made  him  a  host.  In  the 
power  of  ministerial  oratory  and  success  as  a  preacher,  he  stands  in  the  front  rank.  He 
owns  a  farm  and  homestead  at  York  Springs;  the  house  is  kept  furnished  and  ready  for 
occupancy,  and  each  summer  and  at  other  seasons,  he  returns  to  it  for  quiet,  or  engages 
in  the  agricultural  pursuits  necessary  to  its  care,  and  returns  after  each  vacation  to  his 
ministerial  labors  with  renewed  vigor.  He  was  married  December  24,  1856,  to  Miss  An- 
nie M.  Rhodes,  an  estimable  lady,  formerly  of  Greencastle,  Franklin  Co.,  Penn.,  a  daugh- 
ter of  William  P.  Rhodes.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Gardner  have  two  sons:  George  W.  and  Leon- 
ard M.,  Jr.,  both  now  residents  of  Florida. 

ARNOLD  GARDNER  was  born  in  what  is  now  York  Springs,  where  he  resides,  in 
August,  1812,  and  is  a  son  of  Jacob  and  Joseba  (Fahnestock)  Gardner.  When  about 
twelve  years  of  age  he  began  to  learn  the  tanner's  trade  in  his  father's  yard,  and  in  his 
youth  obtained  a  good  common  school  education.  In  1838,  in  company  with  Charles 
Kettlewell.  he  rented  the  York  Sulphur  springs  from  the  Robert  Oliver  heirs  for  six  years, 
and  at  the  expiration  of  the  lease  he  bought  one-half  interest  in  the  springs  from  J. 
Boggs,  and  conducted  and  superintended  the  same  for  nine  years.  Under  his  administra- 
tion they  became  a  success  and  a  popular  resort.  He  accommodated  as  many  as  150 
guests,  and  some  seasons  had  to  find  accommodations  for  some  of  his  patrons  in  the 
neighboring  farm  houses.  At  the  end  of  the  nine  years  he  sold  out  his  interest,  and  since 
that  time  has  lived  retired,  with  the  exception  of  settling  some  estates  occasionally.  He 
has  an  elegant  residence,  erected  by  himself  in  1850,  a  beautiful  veranda  alone  costing 
$900;  the  yard  and  lawn  are  finely  kept,  and  ornamented  with  pieces  of  statuary  and 
works  of  art.  Mr.  Gardner  is  a  thorough  Republican,  though  never  au  office  seeker.  He 
was  married,  in  1844,  to  Elizabeth  Shuier,  of  York.  They  have  no  children.  Mr.  Gard- 
ner has  always  been  an  advocate  of  educational  and  other  interests  calculated  to  improve 
the  community,  and  contributes  to  all  religious  denominations,  although  not  a  member  of 
any.     Mrs   Gardner  is  a  memberof  the  Lutheran  Church. 

ALBERT  C.  GARDNER,  postmaster  at  York  Sulphur  Springs,  was  born  at  York 
Springs  June  11,  1835,  and  is  a  son  of  William  Gardner  (elder  brother  of  Arnold  Gard- 
ner), an  old  merchant  of  York  Springs,  who  began  business  there  when  eighteen  years  of 
age  and  continued  until  fifty-six  years  old,  when  he  died.  Part  of  the  time  he  did  a 
wholesale  trade,  and  supplied  many  of  the  store-keepers  in  the  small  towns  adjoining. 
He  carried  a  general  stock  of  everything,  even  to  hoop-poles,  and  his  sales  in  one  year 
amounted  to  $50,000.  He  was  probably  the  most  successful  merchant  that  ever  did  busi 
ness  at  York  Springs.  Our  subject,  for  five  years  after  leaving  college,  was  in  the  wholesale 
boot  and  shoe  business  at  Philadelphia,  and  afterward  in  the  straw  goods  trade,  being  in  all 
very  successful.  He  was  appointed  postmaster  at  York  Sulphur  Springs  July  1,  1885,  by 
President  Cleveland's  administration.  Mr.  Gardner  has  been  twice  married,"  and  is  verv 
comfortably  situated. 

JOHN  B.  GROUP,  retired  farmer,  P.  O.  Idaville,  was  born  August  11,  1815,  about 
one  mile  and  one-half  southwest  of  Idaville,  in  Tyrone  Township,  this  county,  a  son  of 
Philip  and  Elizabeth  (Rex)  Group,  both  natives  of  Adams  County.  The  grandfather, 
Philip  Grube,  was  a  native  of  Germany,  and  settled  in  Tyrone  Township  prior  to  the 
Revolution.  John  B.  was  reared  on  the  farm,  and  during  his  youth  was  quite  delicate  in 
health.  He  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  the  vicinity,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty-four 
married,  May  19,  1839,  Mary  Ann  Haynes,  daughter  of  John  and  Susan  (Stock)  Haynes. 
The  following  named  children  blessed  this  union;  Howard  Washington.  William  Mont- 


^u^'^M 


HUNTINGTON    TOWNSHIP. 


401 


n  Lucj  A  B.,  Mary  J..  Jesse  Lunger  and  Hiram  Leander,  living,  and  John  B.,  Jr., 
deceased  [nearly  manhood  Mr.  Croup  worked  forflve  years  for50  cents bj  the  day,  and 
for  three  months  each  winter  taughl  subscription  school.  When  the  free  schools  were 
established  he  was  examined  by  the  county  board,  given  a  certificate,  and  then  taught  tor 
sUorseven  ■  permonth.     At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  becamea  member 

of  the  Lutheran  Church:  hut  some  f.mr  or  five  years  lain-,  becoming  convinced  thai  the 
doctrine  of  the  Evangelical  Association   •  accordance  with  the  divine  tear, 

loined  that  denomination.  Since  then  he  has  always  bad  a  f amilj  altar  and  ai- 
Tine  worship  at  his  house  daUy.  He  has  served  for  many  years  as  class  leader,  exhorter 
and  steward  of  that  church,  and  has  been  a  trustee  ever  since  the  organization  ol  tne 

Zion  Church  congregation  ai  [daville.    lie  and  his  wife  and  on her  are  the  onlj  ones 

now  living  of  the  Hrsi  members  of  the  congregation.  Zion  Church  was  organized  in 
,,„1  ,,n  the  erection  of  the  first  church  edifice  Mr.  Croup  contributed  *.>n  toward  us 
completion,  and  has  always  been  one  of  its  chief  supporters.  He  was  formerly  a  Demo- 
crat but  now  a  Republican,  and  has  served  as  township  supervisor  for  five  years,  school 
director  judge  of  election,  clerk,  etc.  He  was  always  a  friend  of  education  and  when  a 
school  director  favored  the  erection  ol  the  York  Spring  public  school  building,    i  e  is 

one  advocate  of  temperance,  and  one  of  the  oldest  and  best  citizens  ol  the  township. 

name  was  formerly  spelled  Grube,  which,  in  German,  signifies  s  digger  ol  a  won  pit; 
it  was  afterward  changed  to  Grupe,  and  is  now  spelled  Group. 

VISRUIAM  MEALS,  fanner.  P.  O.  York  Bulphur  Springs,  was  horn  Ma\  9  1838,  on 
the  farm  he  now  owns  and  occupies.  At  the  age  of  nineteen  he  began  to  work  for  Mm- 
Belf  and  now  owns  the  homestead  of  over  400  acres  in  Huntington  rownship.     tie  is  one 

Of  the  most    substantial  and  independent    farmers  of  the  county;  is  a  friend  to  education, 

and  during  the  past  winter  established  a  select  school  at  his  own  house  for  the  benefit  of 
hi,  children,  and  intend,  having  it  for  the  future.  He  is  a  Republican  was  a  firm  friend 
of  the  Union,  and  during  the  war  was  once  drafted,  but  procured  a  substitute,  and  atter- 

ward  furnished  another      He  married.  March  4.  1861,  Hannah  Shelley,  a  daughter  ol  Ben- 

Jamin  and  Catherine  (Faus)  Shelley,  of  Huntington  Township.  I  hey  are  the  parents  ol 
rive  eirls;  Katie  A..  Coro  M..  Lottie  V  .  Hayesanna  and  Geortrie.  'lhe  family  attend  the 
Evaneelical  Church.  Mr  Menu'  mother  resides  with  him  and  is  aired  seventy  two  years; 
his  father  died  in  1855.  The  firsl  of  the  Meals  family  in  America  was  William  Meals,  the 
m-eat-erandfather,  who,  with  his  wife  Margaret,  came  from  Germany,  andVsettled  in 
Tyrone  Town-hip.  Adams  County,  near  Deals'  Mills,  prior  to  the  Revolution,  rhe  grand- 
father of  our  Bubject,  William  Meals,  married  Elizabeth  Hartzwell,  and  had  a  f amily  of 
seven  children:  Mary  (married  to  Adam  Weigle),  Henry,  Margaret  (married  to  William 
H  Cardncr)  Jacob,  Elizabeth  (married  to  George  Guise),  William  (the  fattier  of  our  sub- 
ject) and  Catherine  (who  married  Henry  Harman).  William,  above  mentioned,  was  mar- 
ried about  1886  to  Leah  Featts,  of  this  county,  a  daughterof  Simon  and  Barbara  (Spang- 

ler)  Yeatts.     To  this  union  four  children  were  horn,  two  living:   Abraham,  ami  Leah, Who 

married  Samuel  Brown,  who  is  now  deceased,  leaving  two  children. 

Miss  EMILY  E  MOORHEAD,  York  Springs,  was  born  January  14.  1824,  to  William 
and  Esther  (Kinyon)  Moorhead.  she  was  educated  at  the  schools  of  \ork  Springs,  also 
was  a  pupil  for  a" short  time  under  the  tuition  of  Dr.  John  II.  Marsden;  and  finished  her 
education  at  Lititz,  Lain  aster  Co..  Penn.  Although  never  having  intended  to  become  a 
her  she  took,  in  L845,  charge  of  her  first  school,  and  for  twenty-five  consecutive  years 
followed  that  vocation,  with  the  exception  of  fourteen  months,  and  continued  until  her 
father's  death  in  1868.  She  taught  for  several  terms  in  Fork  Springs,  three  years  at 
Tyrone  three  years  at  Cottage  Hill  and  other  places,  and  since  1  still  has  lived  retired  in 
,l„.  house  where  her  father  died  at  York  Springs.  She  is  a  very  intelligent  and  affable 
ladv  highly  respected  and  honored  by  all.  The  first  of  the  family  to  eonie  to  America 
were  Robert  Muirhead  and  wife,  natives  of  the  County  Clare.  Ireland,  who  arrived  in  this 
country  about  the  year,  or  some  time  prior  to,  1718.  They  entered  :Simi  acres  ol  laud  about 
three  miles  north  of  York  Springs  near  the  Carlisle  Pike,  and  some  ol  the  receipts  now  in 
existence  in  part  payment  for  the  same,  arc  dated  1748.  They  had  one  ehild,  James  Muir- 
head who  was  born  upon  the  ocean,  and  who  married  Elizabeth  Fletcher,  and  lived,  like 
bis  father  and  mother,  on  the  old  farm  in  Huntington  Town-hip,  where  they  died  and 
were  1, uned  and  where  he  and  hi- wife  were  also  buried,  in  Leers  graveyard,  m  the  same 
town-hip.  Thee  had  eight  Children,  as  follows:  Robert  (who  married  sally  Brandon), 
Edward  (who  married  Sally Parsel),  Fletcher  (who  married  Sally  Livingston),  William 
(who  married  Sally  Proctor),  John  (who  married  Sarah  Morrison),  Mary  (who  became  the 
wife  of  :,  Mr.  Ke'lethan),  Kebeeca  i  who  married  a  Mr.  Richardson)  and  Elizabeth  (who 
married  William  PrOCtOr).  John  Moorhead  (who  married  Sarah  Morrison)  had  three 
sons  a-  follows:  Janes  (married  to  a  Miss  Titsworth.  had  four  children:  W  illiam,  John, 
Man  and  Sarah),  William  (who  married  Esther  Kinyon.  daughter  of  Roger  and  .Esther 
(Maxon)  Kinyon,  of  Rhode  Island;  they  had  two  children:  Emily  Esther,  whose  name 
heads  this  sketch,  and  Eliza  Jane,  who  re-ides  in  Kewance.  111.,  the  widow  ol  Rev.  Will- 
iam Lieber  a  Methodist  minister).  Samuel  Moorhead,  the  third  son  ol  John  and  Sarah 
(Morrison)  Moorhead.  married  Sarah  Holmes  and  had  five  children:  Eliza  Eundica  (who 


-K'-  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

married  Samuel  Gray),  John  (who  was  thrice  married,  first,  to  a  Miss  Adams,  then  to  her 
sister,  and  lastly  to  Mrs.  Helen  Hannah),  Holmes  (who  died  while  a  soldier  in  the  Armv) 
Sarah  Jane  (married  to  Samuel  Thompson)  and  Morrison  (who  married  Jennie  OsbornV 
I  he  Moot-heads  were  originally  Episcopalians,  but  the  later  generations  have  belonged  to 
the  Presbyterian  Church.  " 

DR.  f.  W.  PEARSON,  York  Springs.  The  first  of  the  Pearson  family  in  America 
came  over  with  William  Penn  in  the  seventeenth  century,  and  were  probably  from  Eng- 
land. 1  he  first  to  come  to  Adams  County,  as  far  as  now  known,  was  Elias  Pearson  who 
with  his  family  lived  in  Latimore  Township.  He  had  a  son,  Isaac,  who  reared  a  family 
in  Huntington  Township,  where  he  died.  Isaac,  second,  also  had  a  son,  Isaac,  who  mar- 
ried Mary,  a  daughter  of  William  Wierman,  of  Huntington  Township,  and  who  generally 
was  termed  "  Prince  William,"  on  account  of  the  number  of  Williams  of  the  same  name 
Isaac  and  Mary  (Wierman)  Pearson  had  three  children:  Charlotte:  Martha  (who  married 
Joel  Cook,  and  resides  in  Harford  County,  Md.),  and  Dr.  I.  W.  The  Pearsons  were 
originally  members  of  the  Society  of  Friends.  Dr.  Pearson  was  born  June  6  1824  and  is 
the  son  of  Isaac  and  Mary  Pearson,  former  of  whom  died  when  our  subject  was  but  four 
years  of  age,  and  latter  when  he  was  but  fourteen,  so  that  early  in  life  the  Doctor  was 
thrown  upon  his  own  resources.  He  was  educated  in  the  common  schools,  and  in  1848 
began  to  read  medicine  with  Dr.  H.  C.  Metcalf,  of  York  Springs,  completing  his  medical 
education  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia,  in  the  winter  of  1849  and  1850 
and  in  the  latter  year  located  at  York  Springs.  He  followed  his  profession  in  partnership 
with  his  preceptor,  Dr.  Metcalf,  for  four  years,  and  since  then  has  been  in  continuous 
practice,  being  at  present  (1886)  the  oldest  practicing  physician  in  the  place.  He  is  ex- 
president  of  the  county  and  permanent  member  of  the  State  medical  societies  The 
Doctor  takes  an  active  part  in  public  affairs,  and  generally  votes  with  the  Republican 
party.  He  has  served  in  nearly  all  the  offices  in  the  gift  of  the  borough,  and  was  its  first 
burgess,  has  been  councilman  and  school  director,  etc.  He  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A 
M.  and  I.  O.  O.  F.  lodges  at  York  Springs,  and  was  a  charter  member  of  each;  has  served 
two  terms  as  Master,  and  is  the  present  secretary  of  the  Masonic  lodge;  and  has  been  a 
member  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Pennsylvania,  I.  O.  0.  F.  since  1850.  He  served  thirteen 
years  as  treasurer  of  York  Springs  Building  Association,  which  institution  was  a  financial 
success.  The  Doctor  married,  in  March,  1854,  Mary  Caroline  Beales,  and  they  have  had 
a  family  of  six  children:  Mary  E.,  Charles  G.  and  Isaac  W.  (twins,  the  former  deceased) 
Harry  B.,  Francis  W.  (deceased),  and  Charles  E.     Their  three  sons  are  all  "disciples  of 

to   (l"'lllU'rs>-  although  two  of  them  are  at  present  engaged  in  other  pursuits 

ISAAC  W.  PEARSON,  Jr.,  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  York  Springs  Comet,  York 
Springs,  was  born  September  26,  1858.  He  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  his  native  place 
and  completed  his  studies  at  Shippensburg  Normal  School:  then  for  three  years  fol- 
lowed civil  engineering  on  railroad  construction.  January  10,  1878,  he  became  the  pro- 
prietor of  the  Comet,  a  six-column  folio,  with  a  subscription  of  about  200  It  was  neu- 
tral in  politics  and  is  so  still.  In  1880  Mr.  Pearson  enlarged  the  paper  to  a  seven-column 
folio  and  it  has  gradually  gained  in  popularity,  having  now  a  circulation  of  about  1  200 
copies,  450  in  the  surrounding  counties  and  other  States  and  the  balance  in  Adams  Coun- 
ty. Mr.  Pearson  recently  erected  a  new  building  on  Main  Street,  York  Springs  and  occu- 
pies the  ground  floor  for  his  editorial  and  printing  rooms.  June  9,  1885,  he  married  Han- 
nah M.  Fickel.  only  daughter  of  William  A.  Fickel,  of  York  Springs,  born  June  28  1860 
On  July  21,  1886.  were  born  of  this  union,  Jean  and  Hazel,  twin  daughters,  an 'event 
which  occasioned  considerable  stir  in  the  village.  Mrs.  Pearson  is  a  member  of  the  Lu- 
theran Church.  Mr.  Pearson  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  at  York  Springs  The  pre- 
decessor of  the  York  Springs  Comet  was  established  at  Gettysburg  in  1874  by  A  L  Heikes 
and  moved  to  York  Springs  in  1877.  The  Comet  office  at  present  (1886)  is  fitted  with  a 
Rankin  cylinder  press,  its  full  capacity  being  about  600  per  hour.  The  office  also  has  two 
job  presses  with  other  fixtures  of  the  most  improved  kinds. 

HARRY  B.  PEARSON,  hardware  merchant  at  York  Springs,  was  born  July  8  1861 
and  is  a  son  of  Dr.  Isaac  W.  Pearson.  He  obtained  his  education  in  the  schools  of  York 
Springs  and  when  sixteen  years  old  he  learned  the  printer's  trade,  and  opened  his  present 
store  August  1,  1885.  The  business  has  steadily  increased  and  Mr.  Pearson  carries  a  full 
line  of  hardware,  ready  mixed  paints,  guns,   powder,  shot,   etc.,  etc.        Mr.  Pearson  is 

a  pi'ir1i1^;'>'ll^'T>'1''1'  0f  both  the  L  °-  °-  F-  aQd  the  F-  &  A-  M-  societies  of  the  town. 
c  „,  ,J  C-  PETERS,  proprietor  of  fruit-canning  business,  York  Springs,  is  a  native 
ot  Oxford  lownship,  born  near  New  Oxford,  this  county,  November  18,  1828  and  is  a  son 
of  Henry  and  Elizabeth  (Bottorff )  Peters,  both  natives  of  this  county.  The  father  was 
born  March  16,  1797,  and  the  mother  August  10,  1800,  in  Straban  Township,  this  county 
I  he  grandparents  were  Isaac  and  Abigail  (Thompson)  Peters,  the  former  of  whom  died  in 
™9  °r  1830  in  Baltimore  City,  Md.,  and  the  latter  about  1858,  aged  ninety-three  years,  in 
Oxford  Township.  The  maternal  grandparents  were  John  and  Elizabeth  (Taney)  Bot- 
tom, who  both  died  in  Straban  Township,  this  county,  aged  seventy  and  seventy-five 
years,  respectively.  Henry  C.  lived  with  his  father  until  the  age  of  nineteen,  when  he 
went  to  Gettysburg  and  learned  the  tinner's  trade  with  George  E.'Buehler,  with  whom  he 


HUNTINGTON    TOWNSHIP. 


163 


remained  four  years.    In  1851  he  came  to  Fork  Springs  and  opened  a  stove  and  tin  shop, 
which  business'  lie  conducted  ..mil   L876,  when   he  turned  the  establishment  over  to  his 
Bona      |„  [855  he  bee  ime  interested  in  the  fruit-canmng  industry,  under  the  Arm  nam. 
Worle^  &  Peters      In  1858  the  firm  became  11.  C.  Peters  &  Co.,  and  since  1862  Mr   P.  t.  - 
has  conducted  the  business  alone  and  has  been  largelj  inter. 

cannins  $27,000  worth  of  goods,  ..".I  for  ten  yeat    h  pel 

;im,„,IK    Th# business  is  nov,   conducted  under  th.      i    i  rh^niiyside  (  anning 

Company."    Thej    put  up  all  kinds  of  fruits,   vegetables,    tellies,  etc.    Mr.    Peters  was 
oriSnaUv  b  \\  big,  but  is  no*   a  Republican,  and  lias  served  the  ...»  nship  as  school  .1. 

rector  and  the  borough  three  limes  as  burgess;  has  been  a  member  e  council  three 

term8  and  was  elected  in  1878  a  justice  of  the  peace,  and  in  1883  re-elected  for  five  year?. 
M,.  Peters  takes  an  active  interest  in  the  affairs  of  the  community;  is  a  prominent  mem" 
her  of  the  I  0  0  F  Lodge  of  York  Springs,  Grand  Lodge  and  Grand  Encampment;  has 
beenaRoyal  Arch  Mason  for  twenty  eight  years,  a  Knight  Templar  for  twentj  iron 
years  and  a  Master  Mason  twentj  nine  years;  isamembei  ol  Lodge.No.465  York  Springs, 
alsoofSt.  John's  Chapter,  at  Carlisle,  No.171,  and  Commandery  No.  8.  In  1851  Mr.  Pe 
tos  married  RebeccaL  daughter  of  Jacob  Kuhns,  of  Cumberland  rownslup  this  county 
TI„n  have  had  eight  children,  four  of  whom  are  living:  John  P.  Charles  Harry,  Marj 
EateandMyra  I.  Mrs.  Peters  died  November  30,  1884,  amemberoi  the  Lutheran  Church, 
of  which  Mr  Peters  i-  still  a  member;  he  served  ten  years  as  Sunday  school  superintend 
,,,,,      He  was   prominent  in  getting  a  charter  for  the  borough;  active  in  educational  ai 

fain    buildins   ol    the  scl (house,  etc    i a  charter  member    first  president  and  last 

aecretary  of  the  T/orkSprings  Building  &  Loan   Association,  and  a  member  of  the  board 
of  directors  for  thirteen  out  of  its  fourteen  years  oi  existence. 

IOIIN    F    PETERS    dealer  in   stoves,   tinware,  bouse-furnishmg  goods,  etc.,  lork 
Borings     This  business  was  established  about  1843,  bj    Isaac  D.  Worley,  and  ten  years 
later  In  is:,;!.  »;,!..,•>  to  II   C.  Peters  and  conducted  by  him  until  1875,  when  he  was 
,  ,,lcdln  his  s,u,s.  John  F.  and  C.  B.  Peters,  under  the  firm  name  of  J.  F  &  <  .    I. 
Peters      In  lsso    c    11.  retired  from  the  firm,  and  is  now  conducting  business  of  the 
game  kind  ...   Shiremanstown.  Cumberland  Co.,  Penn.    Since  the  above  date  John  F. 
has  continued  the  business  at  Fork  Springs,  and  recently  bought  a  large  store  building, 
formerly  known  as  the  Jacob  Gardner  property,  to  which  he  has  moved,  and  now  carries 
a  full  line  of  goods.     He  is  a  practical  mechanic,  having  learned  the  tinner  s  trade  when 
nineteen  yeari  of  .....       Mi    Peters  was  born  August  9,  1851,  and  is  a  son  oi  II.  <  .  and 

Rebecca  L.  (Kuhns   Peters.     He  was  educated  at  the  schools  of  York  Springs,  and  fin- 
Shed  his  literan  studies  bj  a  two-years' course  at  the  Pennsylvania  College,  Gettysburg. 
He  first  began  business  for  himself  April  I,  is::,     November  9,  1875  he  married  Lovie  I, 
Myers,  adaughterof  Cornelius  Myers,  of  Hampton,  this  county.     They  have  two  chd- 
flren   Myra  Elsie  and  John  F..  Jr.     Mr.  Peters  has  been  a  piemher,  smee  1872,  of  the  A.  F. 
&   v'  M    and  served  in  all  its  different  offices,  including  Master,  etc.    The  same  year  he 
became  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.;  has  served  in  all  its  different  official  positions.  .....  I 

nas   ..  ei  ,rv,  with  the  exception  of  one  year,  since  is,  1      He  is  a  Republican  ... 

,„,,,,;,  B    bas  b.  i  a  identified  with  the  educational  institutions  ol   the  place  since  attaining 

his  majority.     He  was  a  member  of  the  scl 1  board  for  twelve  years,  and  takes  a  prom. 

nent  part  and  interest  in  the  politics  of  the  vicinity  and  county.  ,  .... 

COL  WILLI  \M  WARREN  STEWART,  civil  engineer,  Wk  Springs,  is  a  nah\e  ..I 
York  Springs  Borough,  and  was  born  August  8,  1836,  ason  of  Dr.  William  Rippy  and 
Diana  (McKinney)  Stewart;  the  former  a  native  of  Shippensburg,  Cumberland  County, 
and  a  son  of  Alexander  Stewart,  M.  D.,  and  Jane  (Rippy)  Stewart  Diana  Mcl&nney 
was  a  daughter  of  David  McKinney,  a  tanner  of  Strasbnrg,  Franklin  Co..  Penn.  The 
Stewarts  are  of  Bcotch  the  McKinney's  of  Scotch-Irish,  and  the  Rippys  of  Scotch  extrac- 
tion Dr.  William  Rippy  Stewart  located  at  York  Springs  in  1827.  and  was  in  continuous 
and  successful  practice  there  up  to  within  one  year  of  his  death,  which  occurred  March  9, 
He  left  a  widow,  now  1 1886)  aged  seventy  eight,  and  eight  children.  He  was  an 
enterprising  and  progressive  citizen  and  had  the  confidence  and  respect  ol  the  cut. .e  com 

munity  to  a  remarkable  degree.  Col.  Stewart,  at  about  the  age  of  fourteen,  became  a 
student  at  Cumberland  Valley  Institute  for  one  year;  then  at  Juniata  Academy,  Shirleys- 
bure   Huntingdon  County,  two  years.    At  the  latter  place  he  paid  considerable  attention 

to  mathematics  and  Hvil  engineering  with  the  intention  of  following  that  profession,  in 
1857  he  became  a  member  of  a  corps  of  United  Stabs  engineers  ...  the  survey  of  govern- 
ment lands  in  Nebraska;  returned  in  1859,  and  shortly  after  obtained  employment  m  the 
nllice  of  the  Adams  Express  Company  at  Baltimore;  was  with  them  When  Fort  Sum  er 
was  tired  111...11.  and  about  that  time  returned  to  York  Springs.  In  June.  1861,  he  enlisted 
in  Company  K.  First  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Reserve  Volunteer  Corps,  and,  two  weeks 
after  arriving  in  camp  at  West  Chester,  Penn.,  was  made  first  sergeant;  September  of  tne 

game  year  was  made  first  lieutenant  Of  Company  K.  then  Stationed  at    IYnne  lytown.  V  a.. 

November  of  the  same  year  he  was  detached  from  Company  K,  and  made  adjutant  oftne 
regiment  June  30.  1862.  During  the  seven  days'  battle  of  the  peninsula  at  (  narles  I  tty 
Cross  Roads  he  was  wounded  by  a  minie  ball  through  the  left  thigh,  and  taken  prisoner 


164  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

He  was  confined  in  Libby  prison  until  September,  when  be  was  paroled.  While  in  prison 
he  was  promoted,  June  30;  the  captain  having  been  killed,  the  captaincy  of  his  company 
devolved  on  him.  When  his  exchange  was  duly  effected  he  was  released  from  this  parole 
and  assumed  the  command  of  the  company.  January  7,  1863.  he  was  appointed  lieuten- 
ant-colonel of  the  regiment,  it  being  a  part  of  the  Twenty-second  Army  Corps,  in  Fairfax 
County,  Va.,  and  a  brevet-colonel  March  13,  1864.  for  gallant  conduct  at  the  battle  of  \hf 
Wilderness  and  Spottsylvania  Court  House.  The  regiment  was  mustered  out  in  June, 
ism.  The  Colonel  took  part  in  the  following  battles:  Drainsville,  Hawkshurst  Mills, 
Mechanicsville,  Gaines  Mills,  Charles  City  Cross  Roads,  Fredericksburg,  New  Hope 
Church,  Mine  Run,  Rappahannock  Station,  Spottsylvania  Court  House,  Wilderness,  North 
Anna  (where  he  was  slightly  wounded  in  the  side  by  a  piece  of  shell),  Pamumky  River. 
Cold  Harbor,  Bethesda,  and  the  battle  of  Gettysburg.  At  the  last  named,  the  Colonel  with 
his  command  came  on  the  battle-ground  early  in  the  morning  of  the  second  day.  having 
marched  thirty-five  miles  the  day  previous.  The  command  occupied  Little  Round  Top.  and 
charged  with  their  brigade,  which  recovered  the  ground  lost  by  the  First  and  Second  Divis- 
ions of  the  Fifth  Army  Corps.  He  had  charge  of  the  skirmishers  that  afternoon  and  night, 
and  continued  to  do  duty  until  the  charge  of  his  brigade  on  the  third  dav,  which  was  per- 
sonally ordered  by  Gen.  Meade.  In  the  charge,  some  eighty  or  ninety  prisoners  were  cap- 
tured, two  battle -flags  and  from  2,200  to  3,500  stand  of  muskets.  The  brigade  lay  on  the 
field  that  night,  making  forty-two  hours  they  had  been  without  rest.  March  15,  "1865,  he 
was  commissioned  a  colonel  of  the  One  Hundred  and  Ninety-second  Regiment,  Pennsyl- 
vania Volunteer  Infantry,  and  with  it  participated  in  the  campaign  against  Richmond,  and 
took  part  in  some  skirmishes  in  the  valley  of  Shenandoah  and  Virginia.  Part  of  that  time 
he  was  in  command  of  the  Third  Brigade  of  the  Second  Division  of  the  Army  of  the  Shen- 
andoah. After  the  surrender  of  Lee,  he  had,  as  brigade  commander,  charge  of  the  post  at 
Staunton,  Va.,  which  embraced  Harrisonburg  and  Lexington,  Va.,  and  the  latter  part  of 
July,  1865.  was  assigned  to  command  the  post  at  Harper's  Ferry.  Was  mustered  out  August 
24,  1865;  and  for  gallant  conduct  at  North  Anna  River,  where  he  led  the  forlorn  hope,  was 
brevetted  a  brigadier-general,  dating  from  March  15,  1865.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he  re- 
turned to  York  Springs,  and  has  since  followed  the  profession  of  a  civil  engineer.  The 
Colonel  resides  on  the  old  homestead  of  his  father,  at  York  Springs. 

E.  C.  STOCK,  general  merchant,  York  Springs,  is  a  native  of  Mountpleasant  Town- 
ship, this  county,  born  August  20,  1858,  to  John  W.  and  Cordilla  (Weikard)  Stock,  now  of 
Mountpleasant  Township.  He  received  his  early  education  at  the  schools  of  his  neigh- 
borhood and  completed  his  studies  at  East  Berlin  Normal  School.  During  the  winters 
of  1876-77  and  1877-78  he  taught  school,  first  at  Swift  Run  and  then  at  Mount  Fairview. 
In  1878  he  was  employed  in  the  hardware  store  of  Tanger  &  Etzler.  at  Hanover,  and  re- 
mained with  them  until  August  31,  1880.  and  September  1,  the  same  year,  he  opened  his 
present  business  in  company  with  E.  J.  Myers,  under  the  firm  name  of  Myers  &  Stock,  and 
so  continued  until  June  10.  1881,  when  he  bought  out  Mr.  Myers'  interest,  and  has  since 
conducted  the  business  alone.  He  carries  a  full  line  of  general  goods,  averaging  $7,000 
the  year  round,  with  sales  of  $15,000  to  $18,000  per  annum.  Mr.  Stock  is  a  Republican, 
and  takes  an  active  interest  in  public  affairs.  He  has  served  the  borough  in  various  local 
offices;  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  in  which  he  has  held  all  the  offices,  and  was  the  repre 
sentative  to  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Pennsylvania,  which  met  at  Harrisburg,  in  May,  1886;  is 
also  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church.  June  5,  1884,  he  married  Alice  J.  MarkJey,  a 
daughter  of  Daniel  H.  Markley,  formerly  of  Lancaster  County,  but  now  of  York 
Springs,  and  they  have  one  son— Guy  M.,  born  June  26,  1886.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stock  reside- 
in  an  elegant  brick  house  adjoining  his  store,  erected  by  himself  at  a  cost  of  upward  of 
$3,000. 

GEORGE  A.  TRIMMER,  hardware  merchant.  York  Springs,  was  born  in  Huntington 
Township,  this  county,  August  17.  1856.  a  son  of  Joseph  and  Julia  Ann  (Spangler)  Trim- 
mer, both  natives  of  this  county.  He  was  reared  on  the  farm  until  twenty-one.  and  re- 
ceived his  early  education  in  the  schools  of  his  native  township,  finishing  his  studies  at 
Millersville  State  Normal  School.  June  15.  1882,  he  opened  a  hardware  store  at  York 
Springs,  it  being  the  first  store  established  in  the  borough  for  carrying  on  an  exclusive 
hardware  business.  Several  general  stores  had  carried  more  or  less  goods  in  that  line, 
but  their  proprietors  agreed  to  cease  doing  so,  provided  Mr.  Trimmer  would  buy  their 
stocks.  This  he  agreed  to.  and  accordingly  purchased  the  stock  of  A.  S.  Hartnian  for 
$381.29  and  that  of  E.  C.  Stock  for  $718.24,  and  immediately  began  business,  which  has 
since  steadily  increased.  He  carries  a  full  line  of  hardware,  paints,  oils,  guns,  powder, 
shot,  Hercules  dynamite,  and  other  goods  generally  found  in  first-class  hardware  stores. 
He  keeps  a  well  assorted  stock,  averaging  the  year  round  $5,000,  with  sales  per  annum  of 
$10,000.  He  is  special  agent  and  has  control  of  Adams  County,  and  the  territory  surround- 
ing York  Springs,  for  the  sale  of  Dupont  powder,  Hercules  dynamite,  the  "Genuine  Royal 
Mixed  Paints,"  manufactured  by  A.  Wilhelm  &  Co.,  Reading,  and  of  the  well  and  favorably 
known  "  Champion  Force  Pump."  He  is  also  special  agent  agent  for  the  "National 
Harness  Oil  Company,"  of  Detroit,  Mich.,  keeping  a  full  iine  of  their  manufactures,  and 
devotes  part  of  each  year  in  the  employment  of  the  above  named  company,  as  its  com- 


ill  NTINGTON    TOWNSHIP.  |r''' 


memAlRlHt^LTROSTELU(deceased)  was  a  native  of  Germany,  and  came  to   jfork 

AI.UAHA.u    iw  •  ''■'"'.      ,  ,  ,  (,r  tne  eighteenth  century.     Helived 

^HENRY  VTOOffnmfSff  P-  0.  York  Sulphur  Springs,  was  born  July  20,  1838, 
LU,OEORaErH    TBOSTBL    farmer  and  proprietor  of   lime-kiln    P.    0.  York  Sul 

i!rr »vfe^fe^fe&  A. afs 

,,,ii„,   wiih   hiq    father       In   January,  1872,  he  married  Elizabeth  Rebert,   ot    K-ast 

Sn  I  dlught^rof  Charies  and  Elizabeth  (Wtet)  Kebert,  who  were  born  near  Spring 

F  ,r     '  fork  County      Mr.  Trostel  bought  the  farm  of  seventy-eigh   acres,  where  he  nou 

il mrm»    ThVrP  is  a  limestone  auarrv  on  this  land,  and  he  is  also  engaged  in  burning 

itafSrtSEXal  on     ,  av  •    '  ■  SbJshe?  per  x  ear.     The  quarry  is  an  extensive  one 

aTdJmosK  Eee'  f°ng,^nd36«f?J  t2 

,  V  ■  wa  m  las  Sason  $700,  and  the  entire  drainage  since  he  quarry -was 
i  ,  1  '„.i  over  $2,000.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Trostel  have  three  sons  and  one  daughter 
•  , r,  V  horn  \pr,l  13,  1873;  Henry  Elmer,  born  January  27,  1875;  Annie  E.,boin 
;,i  im  fn'oGeorge  M ..  bornApril2,  1886.  Mr.  Trostelisa  Republican;  is no« 
,r  ""'  pt'm f  he  ownship,  Sad  has  served  twice  before;  is  one  of  the  directors .of .Sunny- 
aWeCemeter  He  is  one  of  the  substantial  men  of  the  township.  He  employs  in  his  busi 
ne^si?hana9  the  year  round,  and  as  an  evidence  of  the  pleasan  relations  existing  be< 
w,.,-n  hi'  employed  and  himself,  his  foreman  in  the  lime-burning  intern .Mr.  John 
TtaSd.  hL  been  *  lib  him  ten  years;  his  girl  at  his  house  for  nine  years;  and  non e  of  he 
remainder  less  than  four  orflve  years,  or  until  they  were  married.    Mr.  and  Mrs.  irostei 

""  Vl'IVsWiMl"  WIKKM AN ^toS)  was  born  January  18,  1795  a  son  of  Nicholas  and 
LvdiMGriest)  Wierman,  and  died  December  11,  1871.  Heownedand  operated  the  old 
,;',,!  „,  also  ■  fanner.  He  married  May  4  1826,  Susan  \\  .erman,  whc .was born 
October  13  1805  and  died  May  7,  1848.  They  had  nine  children:  Alfred  A  A dal iz i  &. . 
Theodore  \  John  W..  Mary  E.,  Martha  M..  Joseph  E.,  Henry  H.  and  Lydia  J.  John 
V  W°e man  one  of  he  above  family,  was  horn  May  1,18k  and  was  eared  to  and 
1,  a'rned  .!„■  milling  business  at  the  old  stand  of  his  father.    At  the  age  of  twenty-seven  be 


406  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

went  West,  and  worked  at  the  milling  business  near  Sterling,  111.,  for  two  vears  At  the 
outbreak  of  the  Rebellion  he  returned  home,  and  in  August.  1862.  enlisted  in  Company  C 
Fifteenth  Regiment  Pensylvania  Volunteer  Cavalry,  for  three  years.  The  regiment  was 
nmstured  in  at  Carlisle  andrecruited  as  a  body-guard  for  Gen.  Buell,  but  as  he  was  super- 
seded, they  were  sent  to  Louisville,  Ky.  There  the  regiment  wasequipped  and  sent  to  Nash- 
ville, lenn.,  as  escort  or  body  guard  for  Gen.  Rosecrans.  Their  first  engagement  was  at  the 
battle  of  Stone  River,  where  they  suffered  severely.  For  meritorious  conduct  while  on  a 
scout.Mr.  Wiermau  was  made  first  duty  sergeant  and  served  in  that  capacity  until  mustered 
out  June  11.  1865.  He  took  part  in  the  battles  of  Chickamauga,  Strawberry  Plains,  siege  of 
Ivnoxville,  and  was  on  a  scout  through  Mississippi  and  Alabama;  captured  two  pontoon 
trains  of  Gen.  Hood  and  wagon  trains,  burning  them  all.  In  the  spring  of  1865  he  started 
from  Knoxville,  Tenn.,  to  meet  Sherman  on  his  march,  and  engaged  in  an  expedition  to 
destroy  the  rebels'  railroads.  He,  with  a  detachment,  was  sent  on  this  errand,  and  while 
in  the  rear  guard  was  taken  sick,  and  stopped  in  a  house  to  rest  with  a  comrade.  In  the 
night  the  house  was  surrounded  by  rebels,  and  they  were  captured  and  detained  at  States- 
73     -a  "n,il   the  close    of    tne   war'    wuicn    lasted    only    three    weeks    longer. 

Besides  the  engagement  mentioned,  Mr.  Wierman  was  in  innumerable  scouting  expedi- 
tions. He  returned  home  after  the  war.  and  in  1866  rented  his  father's  mill.  In  1877  on 
the  death  of  his  father,  he  succeeded  him  in  the  business,  and  in  1880  became  it-  owner 
by  purchase.  He  was  married  in  1877,  to  Nannie  E.  Myers,  who  was  born  May  27  1850 
a  daughter  of  Cornelius  and  Lovina  (BrougU)  Myers.'  They  have  one  child,  Maud  L.', 
born  May  4,  1881.  Mr.  Wiermau  is  a  Republican,  and  has  served  in  various  local  offices 
as  school  director,  etc.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Society  of  Friends;  Mrs.  Wierman  is  a 
Lutheran. 

JUDGE  ISAAC  E.  WIERMAN,  P.  O.  York  Sulphur  Springs,  is  descended  from 
German  ancestry.  His  great-grandfather,  whose  name  was  William,  was  a  native  of  that 
country,  and  had  a  son,  Nicholas,  who  was  born  in  this  section,  a  farmer,  who  built  what 
is  known  as  the  Wierman  Mill,  in  Huntington  Township,  about  or  previous  to  the  year 
1800,  and  which  has  always  been  owned  and  operated,  and  is  at  present,  by  one  of  the 
name.  Nicholas  had  a  son  Nicholas,  who  was  born  in  1755,  on  the  homestead  at  Wier- 
mau's  Mills,  a  house  still  standing  on  this  site  that  was  erected  in  1772.  He  was  a  farmer 
owned  some  430  acres,  and  also  operated  a  mill.  He  died  in  1839,  aged  eighty-four  years 
1  o  him  and  his  wife  {nee  Lydia  Griest)  nine  children  were  born,  as  follows:  John,  Thomas 
Nicholas,  Daniel.  Joseph.  Isaac  E..  Sarah,  Susan  and  Phcebe  T.  The  mother  of  this  fam- 
ily died  in  1850,  at  about  the  age  of  ninety-two  vears.  She  and  her  husband  were  mem- 
bers of  the  Society  of  Friends,  and  are  buried  in  the  graveyard  of  the  Friends,  in  Latimore 
Township.  Judge  Isaac  E.  Wierman.  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  a  son  of  Nicholas  and 
Lydia  (Griest)  \\  ierman,  was  born  March  4,  1802,  was  reared  on  the  old  homestead  in 
Huntington  Township,  and  obtained  a  good  common  school  education  in  the  school  a  few 
steps  from  his  father's  place,  and  remained  with  his  father  until  1832,  when  he  moved  to 
his  present  farm.  He  had  married,  in  1831,  Louisa  Arnold,  a  daughter  of  Dr.  John  B. 
Arnold.  Judge  Wierman  has  been  a  life-long  Democrat,  and  has  served  his  township  in 
various  offices.  He  served  as  justice  of  the  peace  five  years,  and  in  1860  was  appointed, 
by  Gov.  Packer,  associate  county  judge,  to  fill  a  vacancy  for  one  year,  at  the  expiration 
of  which  time  he  was  elected  associate  county  judge,  and  at  the  end  of  his  term  of  service 
(five  years)  was  re-elected,  and  has  served  the  county  eleven  years  in  all.  He  is  a  member 
ot  the  Society  of  Friends.  His  wife,  who  was  a  Presbyterian,  died  in  August,  1880,  a°-ed 
seventy-two  years.  They  had  four  children:  Sarah  Virginia  (now  living  with  her  father), 
John  A.  (a  farmer  of  Huntington  Township).  Susan  Emily  (married  to  J.  W.  Neely,  of  Ty- 
rone Township),  and  Harriet  L.  (who  married  P.  A.  Myers,  and  resides  with  her  father  mi 
the  old  homestead).  Judge  Wiermau  has  always  retained  the  confidence  of  the  commun- 
ity in  which  he  has  resided;  has  been  appointed  and  served  as  administrator  for  many  es- 
tates, the  affairs  of  which  he  has  always  attended  to  with  fidelitv  and  generally  to  the 
satisfaction  of  those  concerned.  He  was  also  appointed  and  acted  "as  guardian  of"  the  in- 
terests of  many  minors.  He  was  appointed  by  the  officers  of  the  bankrupt  court  a  receiv- 
er for  the  bankrupt  estate  of  Joel  Griest,  of  some  f  20,000,  an  office  he  filled  to  the  best 
interests  of  the  estate  and  creditors. 

COL.  JOHN  WOLFORD  (deceased).  The  first  ancestor  of  this  gentlemen  to  settle  in 
America  was  George  Wolford.  a  native  of  Germany,  who  located  in  York  County,  Peun.. 
early  in  the  eighteenth  century.  His  son.  Peter,  resided  for  many  years  near  Gettysburg, 
but  afterward  moved  to  York  County.  He  married  Margaret  Albert,  and  they  had  four 
children:  John,  Elizabeth  (married  to  Martin  Herman. of  Cumberland  County  ;.Tudge  Martiu 
Herman,  of  Carlisle, was  their  son),  Peter(married  to  Mary  Ann  Carl. of  York,  York  County), 
and  Andrew  (who  was  drowned  at  the  age  of  sixteen).  Col.  John  Wolford  was  born  Feb- 
ruary 13,  1800,  near  Gettysburg,  and  his  father  afterward  moved  to  York  County,  locating 
near  Clear  Springs,  where  our  subject  was  reared  to  the  life  of  a  farmer.  Our  subject's 
father  owned  400  acres  of  land,  and  was  proprietor  of  and  operated  two  large  flour-mills 
for  many  years.  Col.  John  Wolford  received  a  good  common  school  education,  and  dur- 
ing his  long  life  was  a  student,  constantly  seeking  and  acquiring  knowledge.     At  the  age 


LATIMOKE  TOWNSHIP.  "" 


I  twenty  I ■  he  -narried  Kiss  Jane  Jg^*g**ffl£B  BSTiiSS 

bHi.^»-';«' »;'»';■:. tor  over  forty 

Township,  Adams  I  ounty,  and  hougnt  »ia™"     m       ,  ,Wc,         miU>  .,,,  „,•  which  were 

---■  -/'"TV"  r"    I';      T    ■    ..     -t  eadw  '  onehal  the  famous  York 

ited  under  his  direc  ;■■■;,,,       '  D  , lent  friend  and  sup 

Sulpha  Springs  Be*  -  an  uncompi  raising  i  ^  r  and  patriotic 
porter  of  the  tree  school  system,  ''"'""-.  ,  innhence  At  the  age  of  ifty  he 
ways  ...  support  the     „,,,,  ^™^£^%™%?t sistent  tohfl  profess 

\V  :'""'  ;l  "" "*?  ",'",,':,;  tne  community,  was  trusted  almost  to  an  unlimited  degree, 
He  was:!  general  controllei  o  tn«  '  "  ,.■  vrVrr.,i  minors.  Hewas  kind  and  Bym- 
wd  settled  manj  «^^dJ^J?SK^rtS^tto5*M  to  be  deserving,  andlost 
Poetic b3  aatu£,an.  ;;;■'; '>       ^  '    .,.„    "j„t,avsp,i  fi  coal  lands,  andtn  L865,o, 

fn  this  way  nearly  $  100,000.    in    oou  nt  Company,  which  proved  to  be 

about  that  toe-becajnes  paxtneHnthe  Honeytaook  Coa^mg  g^  C(P  p  In 

cessful  venture,     l  in    m m.   «       '      .        Boroueh  which  was  subsequently  his 
1878  ie  left  his  farm  and  moved  to  York  B £nng  «Bw  -  .Mivsimrg.  and  a 

denoe-  n'1";"^  ffllo8 its  leaving  Xgl  fstfteTup^v,,  „f  ^.o.imo  11,  had, 
director.  Be  died  April  10,  was  ,'  l(  :,,,„, ,"i,is  children.  His  widow  died  December 
however,  previously  distributed  s  1  U  .  OOU H  ni  ..     ^  l '  n  ,  follows;  Albert,  mar- 

9    188  I  about  eighty-one.      1  h.  •  nanus  (  uin  c  n     l m..i  •'  rormi.riv  of  York 

*°*  to  ''*">  M:,'"i,V  *TSSS^l!m^^SiX^^h5a UTS&lSS  anVdied.  leav- 
BP™  !'"!;";"'     hr'    i         ,,    ,  a-   rlt     Herman  Beltzhoover,  and  left  a  sun 

ing  two  daughters;  Kebccca  K.,  dc..  msc  d  m. mit u L°  "  who  was  a  partner  in   thi 

S^'5S^«rS?S^*S^S  tLd ,-?»/..  coio,,,:, .,<  u.  a..,. 


militia. 


CHAPTER  LX. 
LATIMORE  TOWNSHIP. 
DR.  JOHN  B.  ABNO^Cdece^wa,  born  *J^^'£H^w2 

Sl^Tu^ 
SmM^ 

SVt4^>w'^ 

the  onh  one  of  this  family ;now. (1888)  living  s,.,nh,ir  SDrines.    The  Bonner  family 

WILLIAM   F.    BONNER,  famer,  P.  O.^orkSuhvirprn  America  in 

in  Adams  County  are  descendants  from  Bc^ch  ancestry  >  *_   . m>  _    ^ 

the  ,arh  ,.an  of  the  eighteenth  eentary.  ,R*  ' '  "'^  Jta,  were  in  service 
the  grandfather  of  our  subject.    HeWs at ions,f bur  or ^w     ;  n.w 

during  the  Kevolut  on  Franeis  was  a 1,  ten.  < . I. ^  ^n  on  U,e  eas,'  sid,  of  the 
Thompson  a  colonel.     E  nmcu  and  John  ort  YVa      n       i  lieutenant,  strip- 

Hudson  River  on  the  evening  before  it  was  taKen  DVUU  brought    it   over  to 

ping  the  flag  from  the  flag-staff,  wrapped  >t  aroun »s  a   ,  1      s  andMoug  np 

'!,,„.,  Leeon  the  west  side  of  the  over  The  taoUwn  «"  Bonner  was  afterward  major 
Creek.  White  Horse  Tavern,  Monmouth ind other .  John  gjw™^  in  ,h(,  Dius. 
of  militia,  county  commissioner  and  held  to«  «Ji  '  «■■*■  ,  j1'  ,,,  '  of  ,,olin  Thompson,  , 

burg  Presbyterian  Church.    John  Bonner  married  .  a n,    .  da.U  t      .t  fa    V 

school-teacher  and  surveyor,  who  came  here  tio m  C  >un niy r.,n  Thomp80D  T. 


468 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 


(Thompson)  Bonner,  and  was  born  in  York,  now  Adams,  County,  Penn    April  10  1797 

TM.  wa,1edimemb°r?  "f  ^e-B0^neJ  ,f,amil-V  ai'e  aU  now  buried  1Q  Sunnyside  Cemetery 
This  burial  place  was  founded  in  the  following  way:  Some  twenty  years  ago  Mr  Bonner 
our  subject  donated  twenty-six  acres  of  land  to  the  general  public  as  a  place  of  burial' 
VilZ  w  "f  Ct"U  WaS  ma,de  and  a  number  of  men  appointed  as  trustees.  The  lots  are 
thirty-two  feet  square,  and  are  open  to  any  people  or  denomination.  They  are  nomin- 
ally .sold  at  $2o  per  lot,  but  the  purchaser  may  be  allowed  to  pay  for  it  in  work  on  the 
grounds.  One  acre  is  set  apart  as  a  potters'  field  for  the  burial  of  strangers  and  poor 
En££\J£  IS'0Cated  0"  the  sunny  side  of  a  hill,  and  can  be  seen  by  the  onlooker  for 
miles  away,  The  grounds  and  their  improvements,  will  be  a  monument  to  the  enterprise 
and  generos.ty  of  the  donor  long  after  he  has  ceased  to  be  an  actor  in  the  surrounding 
scenes.  At  present  (1886),  he  is  eighty-nine  years  of  age.  and  were  it  not  for  a  faU  somf 
ten  years  ago,  he  would  be,  probably,  comparatively  active  now,  as  his  general  health  is 
IwLp  nTaS  0n\!rn  'rf  oldh?use  within  thi"y  y«ds  of  his  present  residence,  and  has 
lived  here  always.  Mr.  Bonner  has  never  married.  He  now  owns  some  210  acres  of  the 
old  Bonner_  homestead  where  he  lives,  also  t,vo  other  farms  of  120  and  143  acres  respect 
ively  He  is  a  1  resbytenan  in  religion,  a  Republican  in  politics,  and  was  a  Arm  friend  to 
the  administration  during  the  Rebellion. 

r  RWIfjLIA1!1  ?•  GARPNER.  farmer,  P.  O.  York  Sulphur  Springs,  is  a  great-grandson 
of Bern  hard  Gardner,  and  a  grandson  of  John  Martin  Gardner  and  Susan  (Seabold)  Gard 

itm  Tnll  w,nH  f  ?umel-  "^  ST**  feld)  Gardner-  The  latto  w«e  carried  June  5, 
1837.  and  had  the  following  children:  William  H.,  born  February  23,  1838;  John  M.,  bom 
February  23,  1840;  Susan,  born  April  12,  1841;  Arnold  W.,  born  November  17  1846 
1M  ?^f^!?d  AW UStul9'  1.863.  and  his  widow,  aged  seventy-one  years,  now  resides 
with  her  son    William  H.     She  is  a  daughter  of   Dr.   John  B.  Arnold, 'who  is  mentioned 

hr,r^fcmw87f,°  ?^«-  1°*°  Ma?tin  Gardner  Was  a  S0Q  of  Bemhard  Gardner,  and  was 
born  November  10  1,66.  He  married  Susan  Seabold.  who  was  born  January  27.  1778. 
He  died  October  9,  1H19,  and  his  widow  April  8,  1860;  both  are  buried  in  the  Lower  Ber- 
Wovpmhfr  o7ey,a"5p  'a  Lat,,»0.re  Township.  They  bad  the  following  children:  George,  born 
hZ  Anrii  or Mfi'ni hamuel  bon?  Au'^Tst  6'  lr!IS;  WUliam.  born  September  18,  1800;Mary, 
l£n7  M?"  h  It;  bUSa,nnak  b?J\l  HoTOpbm  18.  1803;  Beruhard.  born  December  24 
1804;  Maria,  born  November  33,  1806;  Martin,  born  December  24.  1808;  Simon,  born  Sep- 
tember 16  1810;  Darnel,  born  September  20,  1812;  James  R.,  born  December  24  1814- 
Julianna,  born  February  22,  1819.  These  children  were  born  and  reared  on  the  farm  now 
owned  by  William  H.  Gardner.  Latimore  Township.  William  H.  was  reared  on  the  farm 
and  received  the  educational  advantages  afforded  by  the  schools  of  the  vicinity;  later  at- 
tended Bloomfleld  Academy,  in  Perry  County.  October  14,  1863,  he  married  Alice  L 
Myers,  a  daughter  of  Amos  C.  Myers,  and  after  marriage  thev  began  house-keeping  on  the 
o  d  homestead,  one-quarter  mile  east  of  York  Springs  Borough.  The  place  consists  of 
about  loO  acres  greatly  improved,  with  good  residence,  fine  grounds  and  outbuildings  In 
politics,  Mr.  Gardner  is  a  Republican.  He  takes  an  active  interest  in  the  educational  and 
other  public  enterprises,  and  he  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church  at  York 
.Springs  They  have  a  family  of  seven  children:  Daniel  A.,  born  August  21.  1864;  Lou- 
isa M.,  born  May  7.  1866;  Edmund  A.,  born  August  14.  1868;  Annie  H..%orn  July  18  1871- 
bornMa  ^^November  2S'  187i-  Mary  A.,  born  November  27,  1879,  and  Naomi  R.,' 

^n110'^8  VAN  ^CnPY0,C'  fa,'mer'  R  °'  York  Sulphur  Springs,  was  born  January  10 
1810,  and  is  a  son  of  Enoch  and  Hepsibah  (Walker)  Van  Scoyoc.  both  of  whom  died  in 
Latimore  Township.  The  grandparents  of  our  subject  were  Moses  and  Susannah  (Bid- 
die)  Van  Scoyoc,  both  natives  of  Long  Island,  former  of  whom  was  a  stone  mason,  and 
also  owned  and  operated  over  200  acres  of  land  near  York  Springs.  They  died  in  this 
township  and  are  buried  in  the  family  buryiug-grouud  on  the  farm  he  owned,  which  is 
fi^T  f  w  p™PTy  ,0t  fr-  ,8he'le-y- ,  The  great-grandfather  was  Aaron  Van  Scoyoc,  a  na- 
tive or  Holland,  who  also  lived  in  this  township,  where  he  died  at  an  advanced  age.  Our 
sui.icct.  was  reared  on  the  farm,  and  when  about  twenty  years  of  age  learned  the  carpen- 
ter s  trade  which  he  followed  for  about  twenty-five  years.  At  the  age  of  thirty  he 
bought  the  farm  where  he  lives,  which  then  consisted  of  ninety-eight  acres.  He  married 
Jane>  hcholl.  who  bore  him  seven  children,  and  died  thirteen  years  ago.  The  chil- 
dren s  names  are  as  follows:  Ira  D.,  a  farmer  and  teacher  in  Dickinson  County,  Kaa 
Lloyd  Or.,  a  physician  at  Abilene,  Kas.;  Alice,  at  home;  Rebecca,  William  C,  S.  Estella 
and  Jessie  A.,  at  home  Alice  had  been  for  four  years  one  of  Latimore's  most  successful 
teachers  but  owing  to  declining  health  was  obliged  to  give  up  the  profession.  William 
has  taken  charge  of  the  home-farm.  Rebecca  is  at  present  a  teacher  in  Latimore  Town- 
ship. Lstella  is  an  artist,  and  Jessie  is  attending  school.  Mr.  Van  Scoyoc  has  always 
been  a  worthy  citizen,  retaining  the  respect  of  every  one.     The  Walkers  were  of  English 


extraction. 


LIBERTY    TOWNSHIP. 

CHAPTER  LXI. 

LIBERTY  TOWNSHIP. 


471 


,'ni      h"  1 .  v,u  ,'      ever     ,„■,      Abraham  lived  In  a   log  House  whirl,  it 1  on   he  spot 

5SS  now  3s  lh*  stone  house  which  he  built  in  1816,  and  inwhich  to  son  Jacob  now 

bounty,  who  died  April  3,  1864,  in  her  eighty  seventh  year.     Their  '"fflJ.'JS"    now  de- 

v    ■    1     -w  -•  unmarried  living   n  this  township;  Abraham,  a  twin  brother  oi  <  hiu 
'■;,!:""  to  into  ztmmermln,  and  now  deceased;  Jacob  unmarrjed  hvmg^n      , 

fine  new  house  in  1850.  The  farm  was  but  little  improved  when  he  got  i .  tad  work 
and  good  management  has  brought  it  to  a  high  state  of  ^ltivation      ^  man  of  wonder 

fnl  constitution^  he  has  I n  a  g.real  worker,  a  ««^^h8(SS^teto?1wat  at  m  • 

Rftv  vnnrn  has  never  beenkeDt    n-doors  on  account  of  ill  health  tot  nu<i   na\.  .u  a 
"1-/3       ":      .  '  2nl3   Stab*    Ohntauj*.  -H-"    Ooujty    «fej»S»J 

i.van.l  piety,  the  poor  and  needy  ever  Bnding  a  friend  in  her  Mr.  !&•»«*« 
spected  for  his  gooS  sense,  Ins  straightforward  principles  and  integritj .      He  is  a  memoei 

of  ^^erHCRaEYnfS!p%rSBmmitsbur^  Md..  is  descended  from  grandpar- 
^fSaadS'eSou,  who  lived  ^^^J^S^'^t^i 
parents  died;    the  maternal  grandfather  died  in  freedom  Township    where he  w*s  a 

fermer.     Barnabas  Riley.fathe,  of  oui  |eet,  m<    "™'V  7    '     ^         K 

Held  in  November,  isso.  lie  was  a  carpenter  by  trade,  but  later  bought  a  l.  im  >'  '  '  > 
Tow,,' hip.  which  he  sold  a  few  years  We  his  death,  when  he  "*£*&££*$& 
His  widow  lives  near  Fairfield  with  her  daughter  Lucretia.     I  wo  of  tb  eir  c  " 

,|Ui„.  young,  and  a  daughter,  Margaret,  when  seventeen  years  old.    Those  who .amy*  at 
vearsof   mlturitj   were   Lucinda  A..  Wife  of  William  Gwhudt,  of  Mar  losbu  rg.  u.       • 
Allah  B..wifeo?  John  Butt,  of  Highland  Township;  Paxton  H..  feaa  i  w         < 

MclindaSprenkle.  and  living  in   Franklin  County.  Lucretia  V.  \\   ''    .V    ,', ',,„.,     ;ik, 
of  BamUtonban  Township,  this  county;  Dan, el  11  ..married  to  An    nda  M    -  '  ;'  ;s 
of  Hamilton!,;,,,  Tow,,. hip.  tsadore  A.,  was  wife  of  John Nunemaker  of  this  to    m 

and  died  in  1878.  The  subject  of  this  .ketch  was  bom  r,l,r„:,n  W  1838  I t  <■;!»"£ 
Furnace.  Franklin  Co.,  Penn.,  where  his  parents  were  living  f 01  <     ho,      itn.       Wnenne 

was  an  infant  they  removed  to  Fr lom  Township,  and  later  to  bis  father^ S I arm  in       i 

township,  where  Paxton  lived  until  1866,  when   he  Came  to   thefa        he      0W  OWnS^         1 

he  i git  a  s  ear  or  two  later.     Since  then  he  has  bought  an  £ J™ingfarm _awl  saw mm, 

:rmLTto^iS°dSfo« 

,„„.„  December  It    1864    married  to  Laura  I.  Halm,  living  on  Ins  tathe    *  .m.  oiniii,  i.iiin, 
' '    •    1      ,     I sador      1    „',    I  ,Ust   IS.  1866,  wedded  to  Samuel  Manlier/.,  living  in  ""e  of  her 

a  ',,'     Trin.pl.-  GeVhardt,  born  April   1 ..  1868;  Harry  Elmer  horn ,  May ^26  gO. 

Maggie  Elizabeth,  born  April  80,  1872;  EUza  Jane,  bom  February  U.  18.4.  and  Pan  Ivn  , 


472  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

bora  July  24,  1879.  The  five  latter  live  with  their  parents.  Mr.  Riley  is  a  leader  in  pub- 
lic affairs  in  his  township.  He  was  a  justice  of  the  peace  for  five  years  from  1879  and  has 
held  nearly  all  the  township  offices,  and  whenever  he  is  a  candidate  "gets  there"  in  spite 
of  an  adverse  majority.  He  is  an  active,  enterprising  and  wide-awake  citizen  of  unblem- 
ished character.  He  and  his  wife  and  family  belong  to  the  Lutheran  Church  In  politics 
he  is  a  Republican. 

HENRY  A.  WELTY,  farmer,  P.  O.  Fairfield,  is  a  great  grandson  of  a  German 
ancestor,  who  settled  in  Washington  Countv.  where  his  son,  Henry,  grandfather  of  our 
subject,  was  born,  and  where  he  married  a  Miss  Mary  Zimmerman,  a  native  of  Maryland 
Henry  Welty,  later,  bought  a  farm  in  Liberty  Township,  this  county,  on  which  he  died  in 
1840.  his  widow  dying  on  the  same  place  in  1862.  Their  children  were  as  follows-  Henry 
married  to  Lydia  Eiker.  and  living  in  Illinois;  Susan,  wife  of  Henry  Martin  both 
deceased;  Nancy,  wife  of  Eli  Shockey,  living  in  Washington  County,  M.I.";  Mary,  wife  of 
John  Shank,  of  Mummasburg,  this  county;  Elizabeth,  who  died  unmarried;  David  who 
died  a  few  days  before  his  intended  wedding,  and  John  Z.,  the  youngest,  the  father  of 
Henry  A.  John  Z.  Welty  was  bom  January  25,  1829.  on  the  home  farm,  which  he  subse- 
quently inherited  and  which  he  has  always  worked;  for  many  years  he  was  also  a  butcher 
He  married  Harriet,  daughter  of  Henry  Wortz,  of  Liberty  Township,  this  county,  who  is 
still  living.  They  had  six  children:  Henry  A. ;  Mary  Elizabeth,  wife  of  John  D  Over- 
holtzer,  of  Liberty  Township,  this  county;  Catherine,  widow  of  Robert  Hockensmith  of 
Frederick  County,  Md.,  where  she  died;  John  Lewis,  teacher,  living  with  his  parents; 
George  Wortz,  also  living  at  home;  Harriet,  who  died  when  five  years  old.  Henry-  A., 
the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was  born  March  3,  1852,  on  the  home-farm,  where  he  worked 
until  a  year  after  his  marriage,  when  he  removed  to  the  farm  owned  by  him  and  his  wife. 
October  1,  1878,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Coralia  Haines,  born  in  Frederick  County,  Md., 
March  6,  1851,  a  daughter  of  Stephen  Haines,  a  farmer  of  that  county,  who  died  regretted 
by  all  who  knew  him,  and  is  missed  bv  the  poor  of  that  region,  to  whom  he  was  ever 
remarkably  kind  and  charitable.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Welty  have  one  child.  Adria  Gertrude 
born  October  6,  1879,  at  the  home  of  her  grandfather.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Welty  have  a  com- 
fortable home,  a  good  farm,  and  are  as  happily  situated  as  can  be  desired.  They  are 
members  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  Fairfield,  in  which  he  has  for  a  long  time  been  a 
deacon,  and  their  many  good  traits  endear  them  to  a  large  circle  of  friends.  In  politics  he 
is  a  Republican. 

JAMES  WHITE,  farmer.  P.  O.  Fairfield,  comes  of  an  old  Scotch-Irish  family,  his 
great-grandfather,  John  White,  having  come  from  Ireland  early  in  the  last  century,  locat- 
ing first  near  Philadelphia,  and  removing  thence  to  Lancaster  County,  where  his  son 
James,  grandfather  of  our  subject,  was  born  in  1762.  This  James  White  came  to  Hun- 
terstown,  in  what  is  now  Straban  Township,  this  county,  but  afterward  took  up  a  large 
tract  of  laud  on  Middle  Creek,  in  Freedom  Township,  which  is  now  cut  up  into  three  or 
tour  farms,  one  of  which,  including  the  homestead,  is  now  owned  by  his  grandson.  Judge 
A  Fleming  White.  On  this  place  he  remained  until  bis  death,  in  1840;  he  died  at  the  age 
of  seventy-eight.  He  was  twice  married— first  to  Elizabeth  Paden,  who  bore  him  four 
children :  Samuel,  John,  Elizabeth  and  James.  After  his  wife's  decease  he  married  Elizabeth 
Ross,  who  had  five  children:  Hetty,  Jane,  Andrew,  Margaret  and  Thomas.  Of  this  family 
only  James  survives,  living  in  Springfield,  III.  Samuel,  the  father  of  our  subject,  was  born 
April  9,  1791,  and  lived  on  the  homestead  until  his  marriage  at  the  age  of  twenty-four, 
when  he  removed  to  another  part  of  the  tract,  where  he  died  in  1869.  aged  seventy-eight. 
His  wife  was  Elizabeth  Witherspoon,  born  in  1797,  and  who  died  in  18H4^  a>'ed  sixty-seven. 
Ihcir  children  were  Mary,  widow  of  Andrew  Reid,  living  in  Freedom  Township,  this 
county;  Margaret  and  Susan,  who  both  died  young;  Margaret  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Robert 
Lott  (she  died  on  the  homestead);  Rebecca,  wife  of  John  G.  Neely  (she  died  in  Iowa); 
John  E.,  married  to  Clarissa  Jaue  Waybright,  and  living  in  Kansas.  James,  the  subject  of 
this  sketch,  was  born  February  12,  1825,  and  lived  with  his  parents  until  his  marriage,  when 
he  rented  a  farm  for  three  years,  at  the  end  of  which  time,  in  1851,  he  went  to'lllinois, 
slaying  there  until  1870,  when  he  moved  to  Nebraska,  leaving  there  in  1880  for  the  place 
where  he  now  lives.  October  5,  1847,  he  was  married  to  Mary  Jane  Scott,  of  Freedom 
Township,  this  county,  born  January  27,  1828,  who  died  in  Nebraska,  July  31,  1877.  She 
had  nine  children,  four  of  whom  died  young:  Samuel  O,  Rachel  P..  Elizabeth  L.  and  an 
unnamed  infant;  five  now  survive:  James  W,  born  November  6,  1852,  married  to  Ella  J. 
Warner,  and  living  in  Nebraska;  William  E.,  born  August  4,  1855,  married  to  Mary  F.  Kean, 
and  living  in  Washington  Territory;  Scott  A.,  born  March  6,  1860.  and  living  at  Steelton, 
Dauphin  Co.,  Penn.;  Margaret  R.,  born  March  31,  1862,  wife  of  Milo  J.  Minor,  and  livino- 
in  Washington  Territory;  and  Rosa  B.,  born  March  10,  1869,  living  with  her  father.  De- 
cember 30.  1879,  Mr.  White  was  married  to  his  deceased  wife's  sister.  Rosa  E.  Scott,  born 
May  14,  1841,  who  has  no  children.  Mr.  White  has  always  been  a  farmer.  He  is  now  a 
justice  of  the  peace,  a  position  to  which  he  was  twice  elected  in  Nebraska,  but  refused  to 
accept.  He  is  a  Prohibitionist  in  principle,  and  is  prominent  in  church  matters.  He  was 
one  of  sixteen  who  organized  the  Presbyterian  Church  at  Farmer  City,  111.,  and  on  his  re- 
moval to  Hall  County,  Neb.,  was  one  of  fourteen   to  organize  the  Wood  River  Church, 


Ml'NAI.l.r.N  TOWNSHIP.  1,,! 

;h, 

acl  ive 


Bh0w  the  h.n.i ...  .-»-;,;;"  1wi:;.V  ;  .,•'    "  ■  n/Ki,-,;..,..,  smith,  » id  m-v 

andhetoScotl      denn  wonzwas  ■«"»_ «  _.  aurvive   and  arc  mar 

land  family.    Of  their  family  oi  ten  three  died  young.    The  rest  rami    ,  ho 

onesurvmng    Laura— hvingwithbei  tatner,    u    i'  if     f  \11(1,,.u  ,;   Donald 

K.rs.'Sde;,irit'KX^& %.";  s1* & * «- 


Lutheran  Church. 


CHAPTER  LXII. 

MENALLEN  TOWNSHIP. 


FREDERICK  A   ASPER,  railroad  and  Adams  Express  agrat,  mUl-owner  and  grain 

SotSSSSiI  employ     In  the  spring  of  1884  he  came    o  ^^f^^cfiy  [' 
clerk  in  the  store  of  G.  W  .  Spangler,  and  in  the  fa  1  of  ■> 4  1       n iim.  i 
Two  Hundred  and  Ninth  Pennsylvania  Voluntee -  Infan try,        .       hi    ion  JN '"^^y 
Corps,  serving  until  after  the  surrender  of  Lee.     He  was  in  t  ,  i  *i  regiment,  in 

:lni,'th,  charge  before  Petersburg,  and  was  honora  b  lyd  ad  iarg   1  ^     ,  -,.„.  „,„,,,, 

June,  1865.     After  his  return  home  he  engaged  asa  broker,  selling        ;  '•„  '  l  , 
thiru-cn  vears      In   1869  he  cane  to  Menallen  Township,  and  Lo.  at d  net  r  tnei 
,.  oVa  fan,,  [n  1878  he  turned  his  entire  attention  to ^farming ;and ^Jg^j 
time  bouehl  the  brick  mill  at  thestataon,  having  previously  P  lu    '"     ' 
Xihofl^h-vill,  a.l  operated  both  for  ,hn ...  v,„ ;J:;;:tif  P^f^J^ 
them.     In  1882,  when  the  railroad  was  first  proposed,  he  took  an  a ,  ti 1.  1 .  i ii 
,;  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  executive  committee,  and  probably secured  more 
scription'foV  stock,  rrom  the  proceeds  of  which  the  ™aroa,   wash,   t.  > 'u  ;^  U  :,  ,,,  ,,, 

in  the  county,  outside  ..f  Setl  .    e       He  contntmtcd  *..00  in  oy h       .1  . i  > 

ward  the  completion  of  the  railroad.     When  finished  he  was  appointedpassen©   ,        - 
and    express  agent  at  Bendersv  lie  Station,  which  position  he  Mill  nils       u  ou  in 
owns  an  efevator  on  the  track,  worked  hy  water  Pow^conveyed    L»^to»  water 
wheel  340  feel  off.    The  mill  site  was  occupied  for  the  <;i.m  i in  i in-      50  years  ago.     i 
present  mill  structure  was  hu.lt  about  ninety  years  ago  by  John  Lemon.     It  is  on. 


474 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 


oldest  mill  sites  in  the  county,  has  the  best  wafer  power,  and  now  grinds  custom  work 

jLnu^Tfi   ?S7i°,WnS   tW°     %mSi°llri  an,d  59   acrc's'    respective,    near  the  depot! 
SP  V       \    °  ma,™d  Sarah  C.   Eppelman,  a  daughter  of  Henry  Eppelman,  of 
?w1!f   ^nhlPMa"d  gfaderaville..    They  have  four  children:  Dennis  C.P  Elsie  M 
Mr   iTJr^&J8,  May''  ?la?C,he  S'-illed  at  the  a«e  of  four  mo"ths  and  twenty-six  days 

^VtZ^It  hrls  JSKSSSi  bnck  residence  in  1880,  at  a  cost  of  $4,500. 
Pr„lr     t  ,'•  BtTTIN«ER,  farmer  and  lumberman.  P.  O.  Arendtsville,  was  born  in 

R  r £ (R0WnS\lP,V'I?ar  Aren4tsvilIe.  September  6,  1839.  and  is  a  son  of  Andrew  and 
Pwenfv  on? Z mel')  BlUlnSerr'  He  wa8  rearefl  t0  farmin  and  remained  at  home  until 
Sr  .^ ;°°eJ ea  ™  of  "K6-  J?  "*>  he  married  Anna  K.  Warren,  a  daughter  of  Elijah 
Warien,  of  Menallen  Township,  this  county,  and  soon  after  took  charge  of  his  father's  old 

I'rried  on  ,'  b nf"  t'°nS'StF"1  °'  ~G"  T^  In  1881  he  bou*ht  tUe  ProPer^  ^  has  since  also 
earned  on  a  lumber  manufacturing  business, turningout  about  CO.OOOfeet  per  annum,  mostly 

•  T^i, tPm!i  VS  a  RePul>lican  in  politics;  has  served  his  vicinity  as  school  director 
i^IJt  '■!,  0n,e /f m  as  asslstant  assessor.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church  at 
™?0,  ,  takes  alLactlvS  Part  in  supporting  it:  has  also  served  as  elder  of  that 
congregation  two  years  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bittinger  have  four  children:  Edward  <;..  Addie 
o.,  JLmma  J.  and  Osia  O. 

ti,!.'1011?  BURKHOLDER  postmaster  at  Bendersville,  was  born  in  Latimore  Township, 
this  county,  May  8,  1811,  and  is  a  sou  of  Samuel  Burkholder,  a  son  of  John,  who  was  a 
native  ot  Germany,  and  settled  in  Latimore  Township,  this  county,  at  a  very  early  period 
Samuel  was  born  about  1785,  was  drafted  in  the  war  of  1812,  but  furnished  a  substitute. 
His  death  occurred  in  Latimore  Township,  about  1870.  His  wife,  Elizabeth  (Troutner) 
Burkholder,  was  a  native  of  Latimore  Township,  of  German  descent,  and  died  shortly 
alter  her  husband.  Our  subject  was  reared  on  a  farm,  and  at  the  age  of  nineteen  began 
to  learn  the  blacksmith  s  trade,  near  York  Springs,  with  Abraham  Livingston;  later  worked 
as  a  journeyman  in  Tyrone  Township,  this  county,  for  one  year;  then  conducted  a  shop 
for  three  years  in  Franklin  Township,  York  County;  then  in  what  is  now  Butler  Town- 
ship, this  county,  for  twelve  years;   then  for  three  years  kept  what  was  known  as  the 


Burkholder,  and  George  Wilson.  He  then  engaged  extensively  in  the  nursery  business 
for  twelve  years  and  in  1871  again  entered  trade  by  purchasing  his  son's  interest  in  the 
firm  of  Burkholder  &  Hoffman.  In  1879.  he  met  with  some  reverses,  and  closed  out  his 
business,  and  in  1883  again  began  merchandising,  which  he  still  continues.  He  was  ap- 
pointedLin  July  iss,.,.  under  the  Cleveland  administration,  postmaster  at  Bendersville. 
hmce  18,b  Mr.  burkholder  has  been  a  Democrat;  prior  to  that  was  a  Whig  and  a  Repub- 
lican. He  has  served  the  township  in  several  offices  of  trust  and  was  justice  of  the  peace 
tor  ten  years  He  was  formerly  a  very  active  worker  and  influential  politician  in  his  vi- 
cinity, though  he  does  not  take  so  active  a  part  now.  He  was  married,  at  York  Springs, 
February  2,,  1832,  to  Elizabeth  Gardner,  a  daughter  of  Adam  Gardner,  of  that  plate! 
They  hayeone  child,  Samuel  A.  Burkholder.  born  January  6. 1833.  who  resides  at  Benders- 
ville, and  is  a  commercial  traveler  for  a  wholesale  boot  and  shoe  house,  of  Worcester, 
Mass.  He  married  Elizabeth  Minnich,  a  daughter  of  George  Minuich,  of  Bendersville 
and  they  have  two  children:  Leella  and  John  E. 

to  ^R^NCJS  COLE,  lumberman  and  farmer,  P.  O.  Arendtsville,  was  born  September 
13  182b.  in  Berkenour  Hessen-Darmstadt, Germany,  a  son  of  George  and  Elizabeth  (Geltz) 
Cole.  They  came  to  this  country  in  August.  1830,  and  located  in  Green  Township.  Frank- 
bounty;  thence  moved  to  this  county  in  1840.  The  father  died  in  what  is  now  Franklin 
Township,  and  was  buried  iu  the  grave-yard  belonging  to  the  Church  of  St.  Ignatius;  the 
mother  died  m  1  ranklin  County,  and  was  buried  in  the  Catholic  grave-yard  at  Chambers- 
burg  francis  was  reared  to  agricultural  pursuits  and  began  life  for  himself  as  a  farmer 
and  lumberman.  At  the  age  of  eighteen,  in  company  with  his  brothers,  George  and  John 
he  took  charge  of  the  homestead.  May  18,  1854,  he  married  Sarah  A.,  daughter  of  Will- 
iam Devine;  she  died  February  2,  1861,  aged  twenty-five  years,  the  mother  of  the  follow- 
ing children:  Mary  E..  born  May  22,  1855;  Jane  A.,  born  February  4,  1857;  Sarah  E 
born  March  4,  1859,  died  January  24,  1880;  and  Agnes,  born  January  21  1861  died  Feb- 
ruary 11  of  the  same  year.  Mr.  Cole  married  for  his  second  wife.  October  20.  1862  Mary 
P.  Livers,  a  daughter  of  Arnold  Livers,  and  she  has  borne  him  the  following  children  •  Will- 
iam Edward,  born  August  11.  1S63,  died  April  15,  1864;  Johu  F.,  born  May  25.  1865;  Anna 
M  born  January  19,  1868;  William  A.,  born  November  17,  1869;  Loretto  O,  born  May  8 
1872;  ReginaC,  born  November  5,  1S73;  Charles  I.,  born  November  18,  1875;  Edith  G  ' 
o0^?,0^1^1!'  1878;  James  C"  b01'n  November  3,  1880;  and  Francis  J.,  born  October 
-5,  1882.  Mr  Cole  settled  on  his  present  place  in  1856,  and  now  owns  1,800  acres  in 
Buchanan  Valley.  He  operates  the  saw-mill  at  the  home-place,  and  manufactures  125,000 
feet  of  lumber  annually,  besides  50,000  plastering  lath  and  200,000  shingles.  Politically  he 
is  a  Democrat,  but  has  never  been  an  office-seeker.  He  and  his  family  are  members  of 
the  Catholic  Church. 


MIA  \ I . I . l . n    TOWNSHIP.  '"' 

CHARLES  DELAP  Kl.l'KN.  Bendersville,  was  bom  one  mile  east  of  Bendersville, 
aagustSO,  1820,  and  is  a  son  of  Robert  Elden.    He  was  reared  on  afarm,  and  earlviniire 
,„,::,„,,  9  qualified  miller  and  shoe  maker.     Being  of. a  mechanical    urn  of  mm. ,      S 
be  began  to  repair  clocks  and  watches   without  having  any  instruction.     He  had  an  old 
watclf  which  needed  repairing  and  had  been  condemned  by  other  workmen.     He  tooki 

for  mans  years.     He  has  since  continued  to  repair  clocks  an  I  watches,  and  has  the  repu 
StfSra  being  the  best  watch  maker  and  repairer  in  Adams  ( lountj      He  keeps  con   ant 
on  hand  and  for  sale  a  largi     tock  o1    watches  and  jewelry  and  Beems  to  be  peculiarij 
Qualified   or   his  delicate  mechanical  business.  Mr.  Elden  bas  been  rerj  successful  and  has 
2  comfortable  property.     He  married  Anna  Marj  M ..  daughter  of  Jonas  Raunzahn. 

aC°JB88B  W   GRIEST(d 1)  was  bom  June  20,  1887  in  York  County, Penn    ason 

ofCvrusandMan  Ann  Griest,  members  of  the  Bociet]  oi  Friends.  He  had  f  air  educa- 
Sonfiad  antages  being  aught  principally  in  a  Friends'  school  at  his  father  a  bouse,  and 
iter  he  attended  he  Mlllersville  Normal  School.  Al  twenty  one  yeara  ol  age  he  became 
aoMtner  with  Lis  father  Cyrus,  in  the  nursery  business.  He  was  twice  married;  Brsl  in 
,  IB  oMaryHalse3  Hollingshead,  of  Sew  Jersey,  and  by  this  union  there  were 
ihr  ,'•  chUdren  Ifla  M.  0*  Esther  II  and  Charles  H.  firs.  Griest  died  in  July,  1886,  and 
Mr  Griest  next  married,  in  1869,  Sibbilla  E.  Moore.  SamuelM.  Janney,  a  prominent  mem- 
ber'of  theSociety  of  Friends,  and  formerly  superintendent  or  the  Indian  agencies,  under 
e  ore  of friends,  was  personally  acquainted  with  Mr.  Griest,  and b?lievmghim  to  have 
those  Bterling  qualities  of  mind  and  heart  that  would  make  him  a  fitting personto  till  an 
offlceof  control  among  the  Indians,  recommended  him  to  the  Friends  committee  and 
thev  reported  his  name  to  the  President  at  Washington  for  nomination.  He  receivedthe 
,  nnoii  itment  of  United  States  Agent  for  the  Otoe  and  Missouri  Indians,  m  southeastern 
Kwha  and  entered  upon  thldutiesof  his  office  in  May.  1878,  his  place  oi   residence 

and  age,»cv  h-im:  in  Gage  County,  Neb.     While  there  b<    ;  n  i  ted  i -     -<  uc3  budding 

a  large  ancl  commodious  schoolhouse,  a  ...ill  and  most  oi  the  other  improvements.  he 
ofl  grew  to  be  popular  in  time,  though  at  first  the  Indians  were  reluctant  to  attend  it. 
aibbilla  E.  Griest,  the  teacher  for  seven  years,  was  greatly  interested  in  her  work,  and  to 
her  own  words,  "enjoyed  the  labor."  Mr.  Griest  served  tour  years;  was  reappointed 
and  served  until  July  1880,  when  he  resigned.  His  administration'had  been  generallj 
satisfactory  to  the  Indians,  and  his  accounts  were  promptly  settled.  After  his  resignation 
he  returned  to  his  home  in  Menallen  Township,  where  he  resided  until I  March  JO,  mo, 
when  he  died  of  pneumonia,  and  was  buried  in  the -rave-yard  near  the  Friends  meeting- 
house in  Menallen  Township.  After  returning  from  Nebraska  a  company  was  organized 
called  the  Kent  &  Bissell  Cattle  Company,  of  which  he  was  a  vice  president  .was  appointed 
agent  to  purchase  cattle  for  the  company,  and  for  that  purpose  went  to  lexas  in  Jan.. 
arv  1884  and  bought  2,000  or  8,000  head.  Later  he  went  to  Wyoming,  and  located  a 
ranch  for  their  accommodation.    This  company  was  in  successful  operation  at  the  time 

Of  his  death,  but    the    family    have  since  sold  their  interest    m   it.     The  line   large  brick 

residence  titled  with  all  modern  <  on  veniences  from  plans  drawn  by  Mr.  Griest,  was  en 
in  1882  Mi  dies,  was  an  influential  member  of  theSociety  of  Friends,  and  in  every 
community  in  whirl,  he  resided  was  a  patron  of  education,  takings  deep  interest  in  the 
welfare  of  his  society  His  daughters,  Ella  M  G.  and  Esther^.,  were  educated  at 
Swarthmore  College,  Swarthmore,  Penn.  Ella  M.  G.  was  married,  December  15,1885,  to 
Josiah  W.  Prickett,  of  Vincentown,  N.  J.;  they  now  possess  and  reside  at  the  home  of 

L'r  AMOSW  GRIEST,  dealer  in  fertilizers  and  fanner,  P.  O.  Flora  Dale,  a  native  of  Men- 
alien  township  was  born  Au-usl  J4.1848,  and  now  owns  and  resides  on  the  old  homestead 
of  ISO  acres,  which  his  father  settled  on,  having  moved  from  York  County  in  bSH).  He 
wis  educated  principally,  in  a  select  school  in  his  father's  house,  and  completed  his  stud 
ics  at  Kennrt's,|iiare  Academy.  Chester  County.  In  1870  lie  commence!  business  on  his 
own  account,  and  took  char-.'  of  the  home  farm.  In  1S72  he  acted  as  salesman  for  a  fer- 
tilizer company  and  became  a  charter  member  of  the  Susquehanna  Fertilizer •Company, 
organized  in  l's;3  and  was  a  director  until  the  company  was  reorganized,  in  1880,  under 
the  name  of  the  Susquehanna  Fertilizer  Company,  of  Baltimore  City.  He  is  still  a  stock- 
holder and  with  his  brother,  attends  to  the  business  of  the  company  in  this  section  oi  the 
county.    Mr.  Griest  was  married,  in  1875,  to  Eliza  R.  Wright   a  daughter  of  Charles  and 

Hannah  Wright.      They   have   one  child.  Frederick    Kaile,  bom   March  4,  1888.      Mr.  and 

Mrs   (iriest  an-  both  me is  of  the  Society  of  Friends.  _ 

ALEXANDEB  W.  HOWARD,  M.  D.,  Bendersville,  is  a  native  of  Straban  rownship, 
this  county,  born  November  30,  1845,  a  son  of  George  and  Elizabeth  (Miller)  Howard,  both 
natives  of'  Mountpleasant  Township,  this  county,  and  of  German  descent      (.corge  How 

ar.l  who  was  a  drover  and  farmer,  a  respected  and  honored  citizen,  died  in  Mountpleas 
ant'  V.i'oisl  1.  1S(I!I.  His  widow  now  resides  with  her  son  Ephraim.  m  Straban  lownship. 
on  the  old  homestead.  Dr.  Howard  obtained  his  literary  education  in  the  schools  of  Get- 
tysburg and  in  1867  began  reading  medicine  will,  Dr.  A.  Isoel,  of  Iionneauvillc,  this 
county!'    Subsequently  he  attended  the  University  of  Maryland,  Baltimore,  from  which 


476  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

he  graduated  March  1,  1870.  He  began  practice,  and  remained  at  Idaville  four  years;  he 
then  came  to  Bendersville,  where  he  has  since  enjoyed  an  extensive  practice.  He  also  has 
some  200  acres  of  land,  to  the  improvement  and  management  of  which  he  devotes  much 
time  and  attention.  The  Doctor  is  a  member  of  the  United  Brethren  Church;  a  hitrhly 
esteemed  citizen  and  professional  man.  He  has  a  large  modern  house  in  Bendersville, 
where  he  resides.  He  and  his  wife  have  six  children";  Georgiana  E.,  bom  October  27 
1873;  Ariadne  M..  born  February  29.  1876;  Laura  A.,  born  August  29.  1877;  Dwight  L., 
born  July  31,  18T9;  Morris  H.,  born  September  3,  1881,  and  Harry  B.,  born  October  22 

1SN4. 

CHARLES  L.  LONGSDORF,  nurseryman.  P.  O.  Flora  Dale,  is  a  native  of  Williams- 
port,  Penn.,  born  June  15,  1851.  Rev.  Alexander  Longsdorf.  his  lather,  of  the  Evangel- 
ical Association,  a  native  of  Philadelphia,  had  been  a  tailor  by  trade,  but  entered  the  min- 
istry, and  when  but  twenty-one  or  twenty  two  years  of  age.  preached  on  his  first  circuit 
in  Clinton  County,  Penn.,  known  as  the  Sugar  Valley  Circuit;  and.  after  thirty-five  years 
of  faithful  service,  this  circuit  was  also  the  scene  of  his  final  labors,  the  last  two  years  oi 
his  ministerial  work  having  been  there.  He  was  then  placed  on  the  retired  list,  and  died 
in  February,  1877.  aged  sixty-five  years.  He  and  his  wife,  Rebecca  (Keisling)  Longsdorf, 
lie  buried  in  the  old  cemetery  at  Williamsport,  Penn.  At  the  age  of  twelve  years  our  sub- 
ject began  t<>  work  for  himself,  but,  at  fourteen,  his  father  sent  him  to  the  Union  Semin- 
ary, New  Berlin,  Union  County,  for  one  year.  This,  with  the  advantages  of  the  common 
schools,  when  young,  and  one  winter  at  Bendersville  High  School  completed  his  studies 
At  the  age  of  fifteen  he  became  a  clerk  for  Jacob  Pitzer  &  Son,  at  Bendersville.  Adams 
Co..  Penn.,  with  whom  he  remained  eighteen  months.  Since  then,  with  the  exception  of 
conducting  a  green  grocery  at  Harrisburg  for  eighteen  months,  he  has  been  identified  with 
the  nursery  business,  either  selling  or  raising  nursery  stock.  He  is  now  the  owner  of  the 
Oak  Hill  Nurseries;  has  forty  acres  planted  in  nursery  stock,  and  grows  largely  apple. 
peach,  plum,  cherry,  apricot  and  quince.  His  business  is  done  almost  entirely  on  the 
wholesale  plan;  he  employs  no  agents,  keeps  his  own  books,  and  personally  superintends 
his  grounds.  Mr.  Longsdorf  was  married.  December  25.  1878.  to  Elizabeth  Wright,  and 
they  have  four  children:  Rebecca  Alice,  Paul  Wright.  Julia  Keyport  and  Hiram  Starr. 
Mr.  Longsdorf  is  a  Republican,  takes  an  active  interest  in  the  public  affairs  of  his  vicinity, 
and  is  at.  present  serving  his  second  term  as  president  of  the  Menallen  school  board.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  Evangelical  Association,  and  his  wife  of  the  Society  of  Friends. 

HON.  WILLIAM  A.  MARTIN,  P.  O.  Arendtsville,  an  extensive  lumberman  of  Men- 
alien  Township,  was  born  in  Franklin  Township,  this  county.  August  17,  1842,  a  son  of 
William  B.  and  Elizabeth  (Logan)  Martin.  He  was  reared  on  the'farm,  and  at  the  same 
time  received  the  benefits  of  a  good  education.  At  the  age  of  twenty  he  learned  the  am- 
brotyping  business,  which  he  followed  for  two  years  in  various  places,  and  since  then 
has  been  engaged  in  lumbering  .  charcoaling  and  farming,  and  now  owns  some  500  or  600 
acres  of  land.  Politically  he  is  a  Democrat,  and  was  nominated,  out  of  thirteen  candi- 
dates, in  1877,  and  elected  by  over  400  majority  a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania  House  of 
Representatives.  In  1880  he  was  appointed  enumerator  fur  taking  the  L'nited  States  cen- 
sus for  Menallen  Township,  and  at  the  building  of  the  railroad  through  Menallen  took  a 
prominent  and  active  part  in  obtaining  subscriptions  for  its  stock,  and  raised  over  $5,000 
of  it  in  Harrisburg.  He  also  secured  the  right  of  way  for  the  whole  length  of  the  line, 
and  probably  to  his  labor  and  energy,  as  much  as  anything,  may  be  attributed  its  prompt 
completion.  He  was  the  inspector  of  all  the  first  ties  used  in  its  construction,  and  sub- 
scribed two  shares  of  stock.  He  married,  in  1870,  in  Menallen  Township,  Miss  Mary, 
daughter  of  Henry  Beamer,  and  to  this  union  seven  children  were  born,  six  now  living: 
Harry  Boyd.  Minnie  Alverta,  Dora  Alice,  Elsie  Natalie.  Paul  A.  ami  Mary  Matilda.  Mr 
and  Mrs.  Martin  are  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church  at  Arendtsville.  The  house  occu- 
pied by  Mr.  Martin  was  built  by  a  Mr.  Kelsey  119  years  ago.  and  occupied  by  Mr.  Mar- 
tin's great  grandfather,  William  Boyd,  about  100  years  ago."  His  grandfather's  deed  was 
recorded  in  1780,  the  fees  charged  being  £9  6d.  The  great-grandfather  Bovd  paid  £3,000- 
for  the  tract  of  1.300  acres.  June  14,  1886.  Mr.  Martin  was  nominated  for  joint  senator 
for  Adams  and  Cumberland  Counties  by  the  Democratic  party,  and.  when  elected,  will 
serve  with  honor  to  himself  and  constituents. 

REV.  GEORGE  McSHEKRY.  pastor  of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church,  Benders- 
ville. is  a  native  of  East  Berlin,  Hamilton  Township,  this  county,  born  December  10, 
1854,  son  of  Michael  and  Susannah  (Weaner)  McSherry.  both  natives  of  this  county.  The 
father  was  engaged  in  operating  a  cigar  manufactory  at  East  Berlin  nearly  all  his  life. 
He  was  a  zealous  member  of  the  German  Reformed  Church,  and  assistant  superintend- 
ent of  the  Sabbath-school  many  years.  He  was  a  charter  member  and  past  officer  of  Oniska 
Tribe.  No.  40,  I.  O.  R.  M.,  and  an  active  member  of  Berlin  Beneficial  Society  at  the  time 
of  his  death.  He  died  March  15,  1886.  aged  fifty -eight  years,  nine  months  and  eight  days. 
Politically  he  was  a  Republican,  though  never  an  office  seeker.  His  widow,  who  is  a 
member  of  the  EvangelicVl  Lutheran  Church,  resides  at  East  Berlin.  Our  subject  ob- 
tained his  literary  and  theological  education  at  the  College  of  Gettysburg,  being  a  stu- 
dent at  Penn  College  in  the  fall  of  1876,   and   graduated  in  June,"  1880."     He  immedi- 


Ml'NAI.UA   TOWNSHIP.  *'  ' 

..,..lv  entered  the  theological  seminary  (Lutheran  Evangelical  Genera]  Synod),  andgrad 
Sated  therefrom    n  June  1888.     He  qualified  himself  lor  teaching  in  a  select  schoo    a 

EastBeriin and  when  rears  of  age  took  charge  ol  a  scl 1  ...  Reading  ["own 

Eas   Berliu;  followed  teaching  for  two  more  winters,  when  with  the    ntentioi 
of  &k?nJ  TcolleKiate  course,  lie  entered  tl..  preparatorj  co  legiate  school  at  Gettj 

received  a  call  to  the  Lutheran  charge  at  Bendersville,  which  he  accepted.     I  a 
i„    |  :,.    the  synod   i  '  arlisle,  and  remains  lb    regular  pa  to 

5S  charge  consists  of  Wenksville,  Bethlehem  ...   Bendersville,   Bi 

December   1883,  our  subjecl  married  Eudor,    Lues     a  daughter  ol 

piny and  Elizabeth   I  lie,  Centre  Co.,  Penn.    Mr.  and  Mrs.  Mc8herry 

1,il,,i,,,w,Ml,M^{l%|:,V»'l'l!!'..1l,r>vill,.  »■»<!,«,  in  what  is  no*  Waverly,  Baltimor, 
c,  lid  Julvia  1829  asonof  David  and  Julia  A.  (Taylor)  Mumma,  the  former  of  Ger 
1,ni,,r,i,1    lattei   of  English  origin.    Thej  Loth  died  al  Waverly,  and  arebuned   n 

QreenMoun   Cemetery,  Baltimore  City,  Md.     DavidMun wa     for  a  long  time  super- 

of  the  Baltimore  &  York  Pike  Road,  and  for  manj   years  kept  'he  first  toll 

£,nse  out  of  Baltimore  City.     Our  Bubiect  obtained  the  rudiments  ol  his  education  at 

.',  „      .,,  school*  and  completed  Wsliterary  studies  al  St.  Mary  s  College  Baltimore 

WTiennineteen  years  of  age  he  began  reading  medicine  in  the .office  of  James  A   Reed  M. 

:  j  ,„„.,:  gradual.  .1  ...  the  University  of  Marylandin .180 1, ......I  in  .lanua.-v.  1862   o 

Bendersville.     From  the  start  the  Doctor  succeeded  in  his  pra.  bee,  being  favora- 
bly and  kmdly  received  by  the  people  amongst  whom  he  had  cast  his  fortunes  and  in 

tonwas  much  pleased  with  th.  ...  on  ac. .1  of  their  sterling  worth  ...  all  those  quali- 

ti^whichmike tiie  trusty  friend  and  generous  neighbor,,  and  describes  the  vicinity  at  that 

„,  a    ■  -or.  of  Arcadia  where  every  one  took  dUigh!  in  the  good  fortun his  aei|h- 

lir,.n    and  malice  were  unknown.    The  Doctor  has,  up  to  the  present,  enjoyed 
,,    k  of^emedkaJ  practice  of  the  vicinity,  and  is  one  of  the  most  papa  lar  c,  tizens  „i 
,  he  county      He  was  elected,  on  the  Democratic  ticket,  as  coroner  and  Berved  one  term 
,.l  1     at-  ...  the  Democratic  State  Convention  it.  1884,  and  the  same  year  was  ap 
n^nted  a  presidential  elector.     He  has  been  twice  married-first  to  Sarah  Parker,  a  .... 
■    of C fa  arte  sCountJ ,  M.l ..  and  a  daughter  of  Walter  Parker.     By  this  union  there  were 
fourchildren:  Darid,  Julia,  EUa,  and feward.who  diedin  September,  1877.    Mrs.  Mumma 
,  F ebruary,  1859,  and  the  Doctor  .hen  married,  in  1862,  Sarah  Wilson,  adaughterof 
BraifSrun  F-anil  Susans  ierman)  Wilson,  of  Menallen  Township,  tins  county.    By  this 
union  there  are  two  children:  Richard  T.  and  Susan.  T,.«i0r,H 

Tm  Wh.son  Family  w.-n-  originally  from  Lochgall,  County  Tyrone  I.  la  n.  , 
and  the  first  of  the  immediate  ancestors  of  those  who  afterward  settled  in  MenaUen 
Township  was  George  Wilson,  who  settled  in  Chester  County,  Pen.;..  ...  1690.  He  also 
haTabrother  Michel,  who  afterward  moved  to  North  Carolna.  George  came  to  what 
tenowMenaTien  Township,  and  built  a  log  house  just.adjoining  he  vriwe of  Benders- 
ville about  1785.  He  had  a  family  of  one  boh,  Benjamin,  and  Beveral  daughters.  Benja 
in  li v  ■  1  and  died  in  the  tog  house*  He  had  several  daughters  and  one  ««i^S^. 
kept  the  first  postofflce  in  Bendersville.  GeoTge  had  the  following  <■]. ldren  \  i  1 1.  . 
Benjamin  F.who  made  the  first  survey  for  the  village .ol  Bendersvdle  John  Ruth 
wlo  married  James  J.  Wills,  andbecame  the  mother  of  Judge  David  Wills,  of  Get^s- 
"Elizabeth,  who  died  in  infancy.  Benjamin  F.  WBson,  of  1 he  *ourthgen er a- 
Son  here  married  Susan  W  ierman,  Their  children  are  Sarah,  wife  of  Dr.  E.  W  Mumma. 
X,.,  now  the  superintendent  of  the  cemetery  at  Gettysburg;  .and  Benjamin  F 
of  Norfolk  Va.  The  father  died  in  1884,  aged  thirty  three  years.  His  widow  remained 
ringleflfty  years,  .....I  died  July  86,  1884  The  Wilsons  were  originally  member* of  the 
oXdoxBodetj  of  Friends,  and  many  of  their  descendants istill adhere  to  ^to^Be- 
me  the  only  members  of  that  society  in  their  part  of  the  county  they  neve  erectea 
meeting-nouse,  but  meetings  were  held  every  Sabbath  at  the  house  ot  George  A\  dson,  a 

18"  .  i.  Mi-nallen  Township,  this  county,  and  i-  a  son  of  Henry  and  SaralHKnous  •  Oinei 
He  ha"  hn.  1.' .  n  identified  With  the  educational  affairs  of  this  township,  and  ^htschool 
for  over  fourteen  sessions.  He  has  been  for  over  twenty-eight  years  a  Professional  and 
practical  surveyor,  and  is  probablj  better  posted  on  matters  pertaining  ^  property  than 
Syotiier  man  throughout  the  county.  He  hasa.  ted  for  yearsas  scrivener  i..r  bis  e, n  y 
making  on,  with  accuracy,  in  their  proper  forms,  all  kind-  of  legd  doenmoitt  and  bu«- 
nes-  au-reem.  nts.     Politically  he  is  a  Democrat.     He  takes  an  active  interest  in  all     u  in 

enterprises  that    he  thinks    a're    calculated    to   benefit    soe.e.y    and    the .CO  m     .  .        I.        ; 

elected  a  fevt  years  ago,  and  served  one  term  as  justice  of  the  peace.    Mi .  <  >r ... .  h, is  ne 

,  Dut.  Since  the  death  of  his  mother,  with  wh„n,  he  lived  and. cared  1 tor ,  he witi. 
his  father,  who  is  now  eighty-nine  years  old,  makes  his  home  with  h.s  brother  Francis  W. 
Mr  Orner  is  honored  and  respected  by  all.  and  lives  in  the  enjoyment  of  a  comfortable 


competency. 


478  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

FRANCIS  W.  ORNER,  son  of  Henry  and  Sarah  (Knouse)  Orner,  was  born  February 
19,  1828,  and  first  learned  the  trade  of  shoe-making.  He  married  Elizabeth  Frommeyer, 
August  19,  1861,  and  bought  his  present  home,  to  which  he  has  since  added,  and  which 
now  consists  of  ninety  acres.  He  taught  school  for  nine  sessions  before  marriage  and  one 
session  since.  He  still  keeps  a  shoe  shop,  and  being  a  natural  mechanic  operates  a  regu- 
lar wood-working  establishment;  manufactures  tubs,  churns,  harrows  and  almost  every- 
thing that  is  used  on  a  farm.  Politically  he  is  a  Democrat.  He  and  his  wife  are  the 
parents  of  the  following  children:    Theresa  A..  Emery  F.,  Augustus  C.  and  Pius  S. 

JOHN  H.  ORNER  a  son  of  Henry  and  Sarah  (Knouse)  Orner,  was  born  February 
18,  1833.  He  married  Lovina  Crurn,  and  the  following  named  children  have  been  born 
to  this  union:  Emma  O,  Anna  M.,  Rosetta,  David  H.  and  Flora  J.  The  first  of  the 
Orner  family  to  settle  in  this  county  was  Felix  Orner  of  Northampton,  Penn.,  who 
located  in  Butler  Township  about  the  time  of  the  Revolution.  He  was  a  car- 
penter, but  owned  and  resided  on  a  farm.  He  and  his  wife,  Julia  Ann  (Becker)  Orner, 
were  of  German  descent  and  had  a  family  of  fifteen  children.  Henry  Orner,  one  of  their 
sons,  was  born  November  2,  1797.  In  early  manhood  he  worked  at  the  carpenter's  trade, 
but  later  bought  a  farm  in  Menallen  Township,  this  county,  and  operated  it  until  his  wife's 
death.  Her  maiden  name  was  Sarah  Knouse;  she  was  born  in  1798,  and  died  in  the  spring 
of  1870.     They  had  seven  children,  only  three  of  whom  are  uow  living. 

AMOS  SCHLOSSER,  lumberman,  store-keeper  and  farmer,  P.  O.  Wenks.  Peter 
Schlosser,  a  native  of  Germany,  was  the  first  of  this  family  to  come  to  America.  He 
settled  in  Berks  County,  Penn.,  about  1700  and  reared  a  family  of  three.  His  son,  Peter 
was  born  in  1750,  and  came  to  this  county,  in  1790;  built  the  stone  house,  in  1812,  where 
his  grandson,  George,  now  resides,  and  where  he  and  his  wife,  Elizabeth,  both  died.  He 
was  a  farmer  and  wagon-maker.  Jacob  Schlosser  was  born  in  this  county,  and  died 
in  1878,  aged  eighty -four  years.  He  was  also  a  farmer;  his  widow,  Susannah,  is 
still  living  in  good  health,  aged  ninety-one,  and  resides  with  her  son,  George.  The 
family  were  all  members  of  the  Reformed  Church.  Amos,  a  son  of  Jacob,  last  men- 
tioned, was  born  June  16,  1824,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty-five  began  business  for  him- 
self at  farming,  later  adding  lumbering,  and  has  carried  on  business  in  the  township 
for  upwards  of  forty-five  years.  Twelve  years  ago  he  built  the  steam  saw-mill  that  his 
son  Aaron  now  operates.  He  owns  678  acres  of. land  in  the  township,  and  also  operates 
a  store  at  Wenks,  which  he  opened  two  years  ago.  In  1849,  Mr.  Schlosser  married  Cath- 
erine Newcomer,  who  bore  him  seven  children,  four  living:  Mary  Ellen,  Aaron,  Georgi- 
ana  and  Laura  Jane.  Mr.  Schlosser  is  a  Prohibitionist  and  a  member  of  the  Lutheran 
Church,  at  Wenksville;  has  served  his  party  as  judge  and  inspector  of  elections,  and  is  one 
of  the  most  substantial  men  in  the  township.  The  Schlosser  family  are  descendants  of 
that  German  nationality  to  which  the  United  States  are  more  indebted  for  her  most  pros- 
perous, upright  and  wealthy  citizens  than  to  any  other.  They  began  poor  in  this  coun- 
try, and  by  careful  dealings,  strict  economy  and  industry,  have  become  the  possessors  of 
considerable  property.  This  volume  mentions  them  in  various  ways  from  1790  down  to 
the  present  time. 

C.  J.  TYSON,  farmer  and  dealer  in  fertilizers,  P.  O.  Flora  Dale,  Adams  Co.,  Penn, 
is  a  native  of  Burlington  County,  N.  J.,  and  was  born  September  5,  1838,  a  son  of 
E.  C.  and  Susan  (Griffith)  Tyson.  At  elven  years  of  age  he  went  to  work  for  himself  in 
a  house  furnishing  establishment  at  Philadelphia,  and  later  was  employed  six  years  in  a 
grocery.  He  then  learned  daguerreotyping  and  August  16,  1859,  came  to  Gettysburg, 
this  county,  with  his  brother,  Isaac  G.,  and,opened  a  gallery  there  and  made  the  first 
photographs  ever  finished  iu  Adams  County.  *In  1864  he  bought  a  one-third  interest  in  the 
Spring  Dale  nurseries  of  Cyrus  Griest  &  Sons,  still  retaining  his  interest  in  the  photo- 
graph business,  which  however,  he  sold  iu  1865.  and  turned  his  entire  attention  to  the  nursery 
business.  Iu  1866  he  bought  back  the  photograph  gallery  and  in  1867  the  entire  interest  in 
the  nursery.  In  1868  he  sold  out  the  gallery  and  in  1869'bought  a  farm  of  167  acres  where 
he  now  resides;  closed  out  the  nursery  business  at  Gettysburg,  and,  in  1873,  bought  a  half- 
interest  in  the  Chambersburg  nurseries,  but  continued  to  reside  in  Menallen.  In  1874  he 
bought  the  one-half  interest  in  the  same  photograph  gallery.  In  1875  he  sold  out  his 
nursery  business;  in  18S0  exchanged  his  half  interest  in  the  photograph  business  for  a 
dwelling  in  Gettsyburg,  and  in  1881  became  a  charter  member  of  the  Susquehanna 
Fertilizer  Company.  This  companv  built  a  factory  near  Perryville,  Md.,  capital 
stock  of  $15,000,  increased  in  1882.  to  $35,000;  the  plant  was  burned  September  20,  1882,  and 
the  company  was  reorganized  in  Baltimore  with  a  paid  up  capital  stock  of  $100,000,  and 
became  known  as  the  Susquehanna  Fertilizer  Company  of  Baltimore  City,  with  officers 
as  follows:  C.  J.  Tyson,  president;  George  B.  Passmore,  treasurer;  S.  P.  Broomell,  superin- 
tendent. The  plant  cost  about  $50,000^  They  sold,  in  1881,  1,200  tons  of  fertilizers,  and 
in  1885  11,000  tons.  Mr.  Tyson  is  one  of  the  substantial  citizens  of  the  county,  and  has 
been  the  architect  of  his  own  fortune,  for  on  his  arrival  in  Gettysburg  his  ready  cash  con- 
sisted of  $10  and  was  $150  in  debt.  His  house  is  a  fine  brick  structure  and  the  grounds 
surrounding  it  evidence  the  care  of  an  enterprising  and  prosperous  man.  April  30,  1863, 
Mr.  Tyson  married  Maria  E.  Griest,  who  was  born  in  this  township  March  7,  1840,  adaugh- 


MENALLEN    TOWNSHIP.  Is' 

ler  of  Cyrus  and  Mary  A.  (Cook)  Qrieat  They  were  natives  of  York  County,  members  of 
the  Bociety  of  Friends,  both  are  now  deceased,  they  lefl  eight  children,  all  now  comfort- 
ably Bettled  in  Butler  and  Menallen  Townships.    Mr.  ami  Mr-    Tyson  have  four  children, 

Edwin  C,   M :ir\    A  ,  Chester  J.  and  William  C.      Mr.  Tyson    anil    wife   commenced    house 

keeping  at  Gettysburg  just  three  weeks  before  the  time  of  the  famous  battle,  and  he  was 
among  the  last  to  leave  his  business  in  the  town  when  the  fight  commenced.  During  his 
absence  the  rebels  occupied  his  house,  and  on  his  return  he  found  nothing  of  conse- 
quem  e  missing,  except  the  proi  isions  and  his  wearing  apparel,  «  hich  wen'  all  none.  Mr. 
bed  liberally,  and  otherwise  aided  in  the  completion  of  the  Gettysburg  & 
Harrisburg  Railroad,  through  Uenallen  Township.  In  1874  Mr.  Tyson's  mother  was  de 
ceased,  since  which  time  his  father,  now  in  his  seventy-eighth  year,  has  been  furnished  with 
a  comfortable  borne  under  his  roof 

WILLIAM  WALHEY.  retired  farmer,  Bemlersville,  was  born  Augusl  2,1816,  in 
Menallen  Township,  this  county,  an-li-  a  bod  of  John  and  Elizabeth  (Bender)  Walhey, 
former  a  native  of  Armstrong  County,  Penn.,  a  son  of  Nicholas,  and  of  French  extrac- 
tion; the  latter  a  native  of  Dover,  Fork  Co.,  Penn..  a  daughter  of  Henry  linn  In-,  and  a  -is 
ter  of  Henry  Bender  who  was  part  owner  of  the  original  plat  of  Bendersville.  John 
Walhey  was  a  moulder  by  trade,  but  while  living  in  this  county  followed  farming.  Be 
died  in  1819,  amemberof  the  Catholic  Church,  at  the  age  of  fifty  years;  his  widow  was  a 
member  of  the  Evangelical  Church,  and  died  at  the  age  of  eighty  -even  years  and  eight 
months,  iii  about  tSiiri.  William  Walhev  was  reared  a  farmer;  on  December  18,  1848,  lie 
married  Catherine  Rice,  of  Gettysburg;  she  died  in  1871,  the  mother  of  the  following 
children:  Eliakim,  Elizabeth  C,  Angefine,  John  W.,  William  W.,  Samuel  H..  and  Annie 
Armenia,  who  died  in  childhood.  March  4,  1873,  Mr.  Walhey's  second  marriage  was  cele- 
brated with  Ruth  Wilson  Wills,  a  daughter  of  James  J.  Wills,  and  a  Bister  of  Judge 
Wills  of  this  county.  Mr.  Walhey  now  resides  at  Bendersville,  retired  from  his  main 
farm,  and  now  operates  twenty  acres  near  town.  He  is  a  Prohibitionist;  has  served  his 
township  in  local  offices.  Be  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Church,  in  which  he  has  been 
steward  and  trustee.     Mr-.  Walbej  i-  alsoamember  of  the  same  church. 

MORRIS  S  WICKERSBAM,  Bendersville,  was  born  in  Newberry  Township,  York 
Countv.  Penn..  March  19,  1854,  and  is  a  son  of  Joseph  and  Hannah  C.  (Squibb)  Wickers- 
liam.  Be  was  reared  to  farming  until  the  age  of  sixteen,  at  which  time  he  became  a 
student  at  the  Millersville  State  Normal  School,  to  qualify  himself  for  the  profes 

1872,  he  taught  a  school  one  session  in  Fairview  Township.  York  County, 
and  in  is?::,  came  to  Bendersville,  \\  here  he  was  appointed  and  served  two  years  as  prin- 
cipal of  the  high  school  at  that  place.  In  1875  he  resigned  his  position  and,  in  company 
with  .T.  A.  Mickhv.  under  the  firm  name  of  M.  S.  Wickersham  &  Co.,  bought  out  the 
confectioner]  3ton  of  his  brother  John  Wickersham.  In  the  winter  of  1876Mt.  Wicker- 
sham  bought  Mr.  Mickley's  interest,  and  in  the  fall  of  [1877  sold  out  the  business.  He 
immediately  opened  another  store,  keeping  principally  notions  and  groceries;  since  then 
ontinuallj  added  to  his  stock  and  .now  keeps  a  full  line  of  goods  usually  found 
tore,  and  carries  on  an  average,   a  stock  valued  at    $7,000  the  year  round, 

with  annual   sales  amounting  to   spi, md  upward       He    was  appointed    postmaster, 

August  25,  1884,  and  Berved  until  August  18,  1885,  when,  against  the  protest  of  a  large 
majority  of  the  citizens,  both  Democratic  and  Republican,  he  was  removed  by  the  present 
Administration.  He  is  one  of  the  prominent  and  energetic  business  men  in  this  section  of 
;tv:  takes  a  deep  interest  in  the  public  affairs  of  his  vicinity;  and  is  generally  the 
presiding  officer  in  the  public  meetings  of  the  Republican  party  at  Bendersville.  June 
29,  1870.'  he  married  Miss  Lizzie  M.  Elden,  a  daughter  of  Charles  I).  Elden  of  Bendersville. 
Mr.  and  Mr-.  Wicker-ham  have  one  child,  Charles  J.,  born  May  18,1878;  another,  Hannah 
Mary,  born  May  17,  1884,  died  October  27, 1884.  Our  subject  and  wife,  are  both  mem- 
bers of  the   Lutheran  Church. 

WILSON  FAMILY.  The  first  of  the  Wilson  family  to  settle  in  Menallen  Township 
was  George  Wilson,  in  about  1745.  He  died  September  r>.  1785.  aged  nearly  seventy-six 
Hi- wife,  Ruth,  died  from  the  effects  of  a  bite  of  a  copperhead  snake,  July  12, 
ariy  seventy-five  years.  Their  children  were  Alice',  bom  September  10, 
1741;  Benjamin,  bom  October  10,  1748;  Sarah,  born  January  15,  1745,  and  Lydia  D.,  born  in 
Februarv'  1717.  Benjamin  Wilson  and  Sarah,  his  wife,  had  the  following  children:  Ruth, 
born  November  i,  1775;  George,  March  10,  1778;  Mary,  September  18,  1780;  Alice,  De 
cemlicr  6,  17*2;  Sarah.  January  211,  1785.  The  following  arc  the  names  of  the  children  of 
Wilson  and  hi-  wife,  Sarah  (Wright)  Wilson;  William  B.,  born  February  11,  1800, 
died  April  22,  1873  (was  the  father  of  George  W.  Wilson,  now  living  in  Menallen  Town- 
ship, and  carrying  on  the  nursery  business);  Benjamin  F.,  Ruth  W.,  Lydia  and  John. 
William  B.  Wilson,  of  the  fourth  generation  here,  was  married  to  Mary  Wierman,  a 
daughter  of  Nicholas  Wierman.  and  they  had  five  children:  George  W.,  Eliza  (who  mar- 
ried William  Tudor,  now  deceased),  Jane  (married  to  Samuel  Way.  of  Bedford  County), 
Hannah  and  Ruth  (unmarried  and  residing  at  Bendersville).  William  B.  Wilson  died  in 
1873,  aged  seventy-three,  and  his  widow  in  1876,  aged  seventy-five  years. 

28A 


482  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

GEORGE  W.  WILSON,  nurseryman,  P.  0.  Flora  Dale,  was  born  April  6,  1830,  and 
is  a  son  of  William  B.  and  Mary  (Wierman)  Wilson.  He  enlisted  in  the  Union  Army  in 
1861;  was  appointed  first  lieutenant  of  Company  G,  One  Hundredth  and  Thirty-eighth 
Regiment,  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry,  and  served  with  the  company  and  regiment 
until  the  summer  of  1864,  when  he  was  detached  from  his  regiment  and  given  command 
of  the  Second  Brigade,  Third  Division  of  Sharpshooters  of  the  Sixth  Army  Corps,  serv- 
ing until  January^,  1865,  when  he  was  discharged  on  account  of  physical  disability.  In 
September,  1853,  he  married  Margaret  Porter,  of  Gettysburg,  a  daughter  of  John  Porter, 
of  Martinsburg,  Va.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wilson  have  had  five  children:  William  B.,  who 
married  Ollie  J.  Van  Lear,  and  died  at  Pittsburgh,  Penu.,  February  7,  1886;  B..  F.  Wil- 
son, now  a  nurseryman  at  Bendersville;  John  E.,  a  jeweler  at  Pittsburgh,  and  Charles  S., 
who  lives  at  home.  Mr.  Wilson  was  formerly  a  Republican,  but,  being  a  strong  temper- 
ance man,  acts  with  the  Prohibition  party. 

THOMAS  H.  WRIGHT  (deceased)  was  born  in  Menallen  Township,  this  county, 
October  30,  1806,  and  was  a  son  of  William  Wright.  He  followed  farming,  and  was 
highly  respected.  He  married  Charlotte  J.  Steward,  a  native  of  Butler  Township,  this 
county,  born  May  3.  1811,  a  daughter  of  David  Steward.  By  this  union  there  are  two 
children:  Rachel  A.,  born  December  25, 1843,  now  the  wife  of  Eliakim,  Walhey  (they  reside 
on  a  part  of  her  father's  homestead  in  Menallen  Township,  this  county),  and  Albert  S., 
born  December  30,  1845.  Mr.  Wright  was  a  member  of  the  Society  of  Friends.  His  wife 
was  reared  a  Presbyterian,  and,  although  never  joining,  usually  accompanied  her  husband 
to  the  Friends'  meetings.  Mr.  Wright  died  July  8,  1883,  and  his  widow  August  18, 
same  year. 

ALBERT  S.  WRIGHT,  retired  farmer,  Bendersville.  was  born  December  30,  1815, 
and  is  a  son  of  Thomas  H.  and  Charlotte  J.  (Steward)  Wright.  He  began  farming  a  part 
of  the  old  homestead  on  his  own  account  at  the  age  of  twenty-four,  and  followed  agri- 
culture until  the  spring  of  1885,  when  failing  health  compelled  him  to  abandon  the 
arduous  duties  of  the  farm.  He  then  came  to  Bendersville,  and  erected  a  commodious 
brick  house,  where  he  now  resides.  He  still,  however,  retains  150  acres  of  the  homestead. 
He  married,  November  11,  1869,  Sarah  M.  Bender,  a  daughter  of  John  and  Elizabeth 
(Slaybaugh)  Bender,  and  they  have  one  son,  Scott  S.,  born  September  29,  1879.  Mr. 
Wright  is  a  member  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  but  his  wife  is  a  Lutheran,  and  he  usually 
accompanies  her  to  her  church.  Mr.  Wright's  ancestors  were  Scotch-Irish,  and  first  came 
to  America  about  1691-93.  or  shortly  after  the  battle  of  the  Boyne,  in  which  some  of  them 
were  participants.  The  first  of  the  family,  however,  that  it  is  possilde  to  identify  by 
name,  was  John  Wright,  who  was  a  member  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  a  farmer.  He 
lived  manv  years  in  this  county,  and  died  in  1831  or  1832,  aged  about  eighty  years.  His 
wife  was  Elizabeth  Hammond,  a  native  of  this  county,  born  near  the  Friends'  meeting 
house;  she  died  in  1823  or  1834.  William,  their  son,  was  born  September  29.  1778,  in 
Menallen  Township,  this  county;  November  30,  1803,  he  married  Rachel  Thomas,  a 
daughter  of  Abel  and  Ellen  (Roberts)  Thomas,  natives  of  Berks  County,  and  who  came 
to  Adams  County  in  1801.  William,  who  had  been  a  farmer  all  his  life,  died  March  8, 
1853;  his  wife  was  born  March  8.  1778.  and  died  April  19,  1S36.  They  are  both  buried  in 
the  Friends'  burying-ground  in  Menallen  township.  Their  children  were  Ellen,  Thomas 
H.,  Elizabeth,  Abel  T.,  Isaac  J.,  Savannah  R.,  all  now  deceased,  except  the  youngest  two. 


CHAPTER  LXIII. 
MOUNTJOY  TOWNSHIP. 

SMITH  BARR,  farmer,  P.  O.  Two  Taverns,  was  born  on  the  farm  where  he  and  his 
family  now  reside,  in  Mountjoy  Township,  Adams  Count)',  Penn..  and  is  descended  from 
one  of  the  old  pioneer  families  of  this  county.  James  Barr,  Sr.,  the  great-grandfather,  a 
native  of  Ireland  (but  of  Scotch  descent)  came  to  America  before  the  Revolutionary  war, 
and  settled  on  the  farm  where  our  subject  resides,  marrying  a  Miss  Watson.  James,  his 
son,  who  was  but  a  boy  when  they  settled  here,  in  the  course  of  time  was  united  in  mar- 
riage with  Miss  Leckey,  and  they  became  the  parents  of  three  sons  and  four  daughters: 
George,  Mary,  James,  Sarah,  Nancy.  Margaret  and  Alexander.  Of  these,  James  was  also 
born  on  the  old  homestead;  he  married  Miss  Margaret,  daughter  of  Joseph  Hunter,  who 
bore  him  seven  children:  James  W.,  Jane  A.,  Isabella,  Smith  (our  subject),  Sarah  M., 
Albert  L.,  and  Agnes  S.  James  Barr,  the  father  of  these  children  died  in  1852,  aged  sixty- 
seven;  and  his  widow  departed  this  life  in  1870,  aged  seventy-nine  years.     Smith  Barr  was 


moi  stjoi    township. 


183 


home  and  is  no*  one  of  the  bui  cesssful  farmers  oi  Adams  County,  owning 
„l  with  itood  substantial  buildings  thereon.     He  was  umied  in  m  u 
,lum-"   L859   with  Miss  Harriel  Horner,  daughter  of  Eli  Horner,  oi  Cumberland  rown 

gnip  thiscountj      To  this  union  have  beei n  two  children    MervinG.  and  M 

.1  Thefamih  are  members  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  at  Piney  Creek,  oi  which  Mr. 
Barr  has  been  elder  nearly  twenty  years.    Our  subject  enlisted  hi 

his  country  during  the  late  civil  war,  serving  in  Companj  G,  One  Hundred  and  tirst 
Pennsylvania  Volunteer  infantry.  Politically  be  has  ever  been  identified  with  the  Re- 
publican partt  and  has  served  his  township  as  iusticeof  the  peace  .or  tin/last  eight  years 
with  credit  to  himself  and  to  the  satisfaction  of  his  constituents,  lie  and  Ins  family  are 
loved  and  respected  by  all  who  know  them.  . 

x  i  COL1  INS  farmer,  P.  0.  Two  Taverns,  was  horn  November  I  I.  1849,  in  Adams 
Coumv  Penn  Bon  of  Edward  Collins.  He  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  this  county, 
and  hie  earh  life  was  spent  on  his  father's  farms.  At  the  age  oi  eighteen  he  entered  Ihe 
emplw  of  Reyburn  Hunter*  Co.,  of  Philadelphia,  in  the  lightning  rod  business,  and  for 
nine  years  traveled  for  the  firm  through  Pennsylvania,  New  Jersey,  Maryland,  Virginia 

:  Virginia.     After  this  he  returned  to  his  native  county,  and  engaged  in  fanning, 

was  married  to  Miss  Maggie  8.,  daughter  of  Joseph  Mackley.  To  Hits  union  was 
born  October  28  1879  one  son— Ellis  C.  After  marriage  Mr.  Collins  farmed  lor  two 
a  one  of  his  father's  farms.  He  next  engaged  in  mercantile  business  at  CVo >Tav 
erns  keepings  general  store  and  running  a  market  ear  from  LitUestown,  Penn.,  to  Balti- 
more Mil  tor  ahout  fiveyears.  While  making  one  of  these  trips,  in  the  night  of  June  20, 
1881  and  while  wing  at  full  speed,  his  car  was  run  into  by  another  car.  and  wrecked,  and 
his  right  leg,  being  otherwise  injured.     He  proved  by  the  suit  which  he  entered 

the  railroad  company,  that  the  cars  were  n ing  at  a  speed  ol  fourteen  miles  an 

hour,  and  obtained  a  verdict  for  SS.000  da. nam-,  after  which  the  suit  went  to  the  court 
of  appeals  where  the  verdict  was  sustained,  with  interest  from  date  ol  accident,  the  lit- 
igations lasted  four  years.  Mr.  Collins  obtaining  judgment  May.',.  1884.  Our  subject  s 
whole  life  has  been  an  active  one  He  -old  lii-  interest  in  the  mercantile  business  in 
March  1883  when  he  bought  his  farm,  on  which  ho  now  resides,  and  which  comprises 
185  acres  of  land.  He  is  a  stanch  Democrat  in  politics,  and  has  ever  taken  an  active  inter- 
est in  political  matters. 

[8A  \t  N  DURBOBAW,  farmer,  1'.  0.  Two  Taverns,  was  horn  October  31,  1888  on 
his  grandfather's  homestead  in  this  county.     His  -real  great-grandfather,  JohnDurboraw, 

-   b\   occupation,  had  three  sons:  Thomas  (who  begat  John,  Isaac  and  Absalom), 

John  (who  begat  Thomas,  John.  Isaac,  David  and  James),  and  Isaac.  'Ihe  last  named 
farmed  on  land  in  this  county,  which  is  the  site  of  Middle-town;  he.  Isaac,  married  Martha 
Holmes  a  descendant  of  an  old  family,  and  to  this  union  were  horn  Hie  following  named 
children:  Thomas.  John  and  Isaac,  of  these  Isaac  came  to  Mountjoy  Township,  this 
count!  and  bought  a  farm  of  John  McCalleii.  in  1804;  he  married  Rebecca  Beard,  who 
did  on  our  subject's  farm  To  Isaac  and  Rebecca  (Beard)  Durl.oraw  were  horn  William, 
Isaac   II     John    Thomas  and  Samuel.     Their  son  Samuel  was  horn  June  8,  18UU,  on   an 


When  the  war  of  the  Rebellion  broke  out  he  took  an  active  interest  in  the  cause  ol  the 
Union,  and  was  identified  with  the  Republican  party  (formerly  was  a  Whig).  He  was  in 
the  revenue  Bervice  of  Adams  Count;  during  the  war.  and  before  the  battle  ol  Gettysburg; 
was  taken  prisoner  by  the  rebels  at  Hanover,  but  managed  to  effect  bis  escape  while  they 

I  ing  to  open  the  depol  safe.  He  hid  in  the  wheat  fields  nil  night,  when  the  dew 
was  on  the  grain,  and  caught  cold,  from  the  effects  of  which  he  died  the  following  year, 

18  1864.  In  his  passing  away  Adams  County  lost  one  of  her  most  useful  and 
respected  citizens.      He  was  upright   and    honest,  and  known,  tar  and  wide  tor   Ins  ma  ny 

1  qualities  of  head  and  heart.     Hon.  Samuel  Durboraw  was  thnce  married,  the  first 

Miss  Anna  Brinkerhoff,  who  died,  leaving  one  daughter,  Mrs.  M.  R.  I  ress,  wlio  is 
yet  living  in  Upper  Sandusky,  Ohio.  His  second  wife,  Man  J,  Horner,  was  a  daughter  ol 
Alexander  Horner,  one  of  the  pioneers;  she  died  here  January  IT,  1849,  aged  thirty-seven 

years    the  mother  of  three  children   now   living:  Mrs.  Sarah  J.  Coshun,  Isaac  V  and  Mrs. 
His  third  wife.  Mary  K    Coshun,  who  is  yet  living,  is  the   m 

Charles  T.  Durboraw,  now- of  Kansas.     Isaac  V  Durboraw  was  educated  m  the 

Is,  and  for  a  short  time  studied  under  private  tin  or  Converse,  at  Gettysburg; 

,  a  farmer  all   his  life,  with  the  exception  of  the  time  he  devoted  to  his  country. 

June8,  roj  K.  Firsl  Pennsylvania  Re  erv<  3(he  want'  d  to  enlist 

when  the  first  sun  was  tired,  but  his  father  did  nol   think  he  could  spare  him);  he  was 

elected  corporal   and  promoted  to  se<  end  sergeant,  and  participated  in  all  the  engagements 

in  which  his  reginu  al  I  tcepl  during  a  short  time  hewassick,  and  waswounded 

at  Charles  City  Cross  Roads  June  30,  1862.    our  subjeel  was  married  m  the  fall  ol  1864  to 

Miss  Margarel  E  .  daughter  of  Peter  Conover.     The  children  born  to  this  union  now  liv. 


484  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

ing  are  Mary  J.,  Willie  G..  Addison  H.,  Isaac  N.,  Jr.,  Robert  H.  and  Charles  H.  (twins), 
Martha  E.  and  Margaret  E.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Durboraw  are  members  of  the  Reformed 
Church.  Politically  he  has  been  a  lifelong  Republican,  casting  his  first  vote  for  Abra- 
ham Lincoln.  He  has  been  elected  five  times  justice  of  the  peace  in  a  Democratic  town- 
ship, and,  besides,  has  served  as  school  director  two  terms. 

STEPHEN  GIETTIER,  farmer,  P.  O.  Harney,  Md.,  was  born  August  28,  1810,  in 
Manchester,  Carroll  Co.,  Md.,  and  was  ten  years  old  when  became  to  Adams  County. 
Penn.  John  Giettier,  father  of  our  subject,  died  when  the  latter  was  about  three  weeks 
old,  and  the  widow  subsequently  manied  John  Morris  (both  are  now  deceased).  The 
mother's  maiden  name  was  Elizabeth  Boran,  a  daughter  of  Ezekial  Boran.  Our  subject's 
paternal  grandfather,  Peter  Giettier,  was  a  native  of  Germany,  and  when  young  came  to 
America.  To  John  and  Elizabeth  (Boran)  Giettier  were  born  three  sons  and  three  daugh- 
ters: John,  Joshua,  Stephen,  Elizabeth,  Rachel  and  Anna.  Stephen  Giettier  made  his 
home  near  Hampton,  this  county,  with  Jacob  Meyers,  with  whom  he  remained  till  he  was 
sixteen  years  old.  when  he  learned  the  shoe-maker's  trade,  which  he  never  followed,  how- 
ever, but  engaged  in  farming  there  until  some  twenty-five  years  ago.  when  he  came  to 
Mountjoy  Township,  this  county,  and  bought  a  farm  of  180  acres,  where  he  has  since 
lived.  '  He  was  married  to  Elizabeth  Schroeder,  by  whom  he  had  twelve  children  living: 
Henrv,  a  resident  of  California;  Stephen.  Tobias.  John.  Charles.  Elizabeth,  Emelia, 
Maggie,  Hannah,  Rosanuah,  Emma  and  Ellen  M.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Giettier  and  children  are 
members  of  the  Mountjoy  Church.  Mr.  Giettier  is  a  Democrat  in  politics  and  has  filled 
many  offices  of  trust;  is  now  school  director,  and  at  one  time  was  supervisor  of  Menallen 
Township,  this  county.  He  has  been  a  successful  farmer,  horse  farrier  and  veterinary 
surgeon  for  fiftv  years.  .  , 

ABRAHAM  'HESSON.  P.  O.  Harney,  Md.,  was  born  October  20,  1828,  in  Frederick 
County,  Md.  The  family  is  of  German  descent,  and  the  grandfather,  who  came  to  Amer- 
ica wlien  a  young  man,  settled  in  Carroll  County,  Md.,  where  he  farmed,  and  there  died 
on  the  old  homestead,  aged  ninety-five  years.  Of  his  family  of  eight  children  Daniel, 
who  was  born  in  Carroll  County,  Md.,  became  a  farmer;  was  married  to  Magdalena, 
daughter  of  Michael  Haruer,  who  bore  him  seven  children:  Caroline,  Barney.  Catharine, 
Abraham.  Daniel.  James  and  Margaret.  Daniel  Hesson.  Sr.,  died  in  Frederick  County, 
Md.,  aged  eighty-two,  and  bis  wife  in  Adams  County,  aged  seventy-four  years.  Of  their 
children  Abraham  was  educated  near  home  and  spent  his  early  years  on  the  homestead. 
At  the  age  of  nineteen  he  learned  the  carpenter's  trade,  which  he  followed  for  seven  years, 
■when  he' returned  to  farming,  which  he  still  continues.  He  owns,  altogether.  140  acres  of 
land,  located  in  Adams  County  and  Maryland.  Abraham  Hesson  was  married  to  Miss  Ann 
M.,  daughter  of  Abraham  and' Margaret  (Mehring)  Waybright,  natives  of  Adams  County. 
Penn.  (the  latter  of  whom  is  yet  livim?).  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Abraham  Hesson  have  seven  chil-. 
dren:  Abraham  W.,  John  P.,  Mary  C,  Caroline  C,  Jennie.  Jacob  and  Harriet.  They  are 
both  members  of  the  Mountjoy  Lutheran  Church.  Mr.  Hesson  has  ever  been  identified 
with  the  Democratic  party  and  has  filled  different  township  offices  of  trust. 

GEORGE  W.  HOFFMAN,  farmer,  P.  O.  Two  Taverns,  was  born  February  22,  1S38, 
in  Mountpleasant  Township,  this  county.  His  father,  George  Hoffman,  was  born  Novem- 
ber 20,  1805.  in  Straban  Township,  this  county,  a  son  of  Frederick  Hoffman,  who  was 
born  in  1773;  married  Miss  Catharine  Gilbert,  to  whom  were  born  twelve  children.  His 
father  Nickolas  J.  Hoffman,  was  born  in  Germany  December  18,  1700.  George  Hoff- 
man married  Lydia  Stock,  a  native  of  Lancaster  County,  Penn.,  now  nearly  seventy-sev- 
en years  old,  and  the  only  survivor  of  a  family  of  fifteen  children,  all  of  whom  grew  up, 
married  and  were  farmers.  George  Hoffman  departed  this  life  in  Mountjoy  Township  in 
the  fall  of  1885.  aged  nearly  seventy-nine  years.  To  George  and  Lydia  Hoffman  were 
born  seven  children:  Josiah  (deceased),  Catharine,  Nancy,  George  W.,  Lydia,  Margaret  A. 
and  Lucy  A.  B.  George  W.  Hoffman  was  educated  near  home,  but  is  principally  self-ed- 
ucated. In  early  life  he  taught  for  eight  winters,  four  of  which  were  in  the  school  he  had 
attended  in  his  boyhood  in  this  township;  but,  his  health  failing,  he  had  to  give  up  teach- 
ing, and  in  March,"  1865,  left  the  school-room  with  part  of  a  term  untaught,  and  enlisted 
in  the  Union  Army  and  served  as  a  private  in  the  One  Hundred  and  First  Regiment  Penn- 
sylvania Veteran  Volunteer  Infantry,  during  the  remainder  of  the  war;  since  when  he 
has  been  farming,  and  has  now  120' acres  of  land  in  this  township,  composed  of  two  small 
farms.  He  was'married  here  in  October,  1861.  to  Miss  Agnes  Sheeley,  a  native  of  the 
county,  daughter  of  Andrew  Sheeley.  Our  subject  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Reformed 
Church,  in  which  he  has  been  a  deacon  for  ten  years.  He  has  been  a  member  of  church 
since  he  was  eighteen  years  old.  Politically  he  was  a  Republican,  and  has  filled  different 
offices  of  trust  in  the  township,  and  now  he  advocates  Prohibition. 


M01  NTPLEASANT  TOWNSHIP. 


485 


CHAPTER   LXIV. 
MOUNTPLEASANT  TOWNSHIP. 

I  \v  BA.CHMAN,  farmer.  P.  0.  New  Oxford,  was  born  in  April.  1819,  In  Hanover, 
York  Co  Penn  His  grandfather  Bachman  was  born  and  married  in  Germany,  and  when 
a  young  man  Came  to  America  and  tanned  in  York  County.  Penn.,  bul  was  accidentally 
killed  in  ^.dams  County,  Penn.,  by  a  wagon  running  over  him  as  he  was  returning  from 
a  mill  after  night.  He  lefl  two  sons  and  one  daughter.  Of  these  David,  who  was  horn 
shortly  after  ihe  death  of  his  Cather,  learned  the  Baddler  and  harness  maker  s  trade,  which 
he  followed  nearly  all  bis  life.  He  married  Rebecca,  daughter  of  David  Hellman,  ami  had 
six  children:  A.nn,  John  W.,  Louise.  Amelia,  Emma  and  Maria.  David  P.aclnnan  and 
wit',,  died  at  Hanover,  York  Co.,  Penn.,  age"d  eighty  and  sixty  years,  respectively.  Ot 
their  children  John  W.,  was  educated  in  Hanover.  Penn..  and  there  learned  ins  fathers 

trade  and  carriage  trimming,  which  he  followed  forty  years  and  gave  k 1  satisfaction  to 

bis  customers,  having  learned  his  trade  thoroughly.     He  removed  to  his  farnj  of  forty 

acre-    in  t  his  count  V.  in  1860,  and  has  remained  on   it  ever  since,  engaged   principally  in 

agricultural  pursuits  since  coming  here.     He  was  married  to  Nancy,  daughter  oi  David 
Id  pioneer  of  Oxford  Township.    They  have  two  children  now  living:  Otis  U. 

and  Emma  E  Otis  G.  has  been  n  successful  teacher  most  of  his  life  and  an  active  busi- 
ness man  well  known  nearly  all  over  the  county  in  local  and  political  circles.  Our  sub 
■eel  has  been  identified  with  the  Democratic  party  all  his  life  and  has  served  his  neighbors 
and  friends  in  different  offices,  especially  in  the  capacity  of  justice  of  the  peace,  and  was 
re-elected  without  opposition  in  the  spring  of  1885.  . 

W  -1  BEAMER,  farmer  and  preacher,  P.  O.  Granite  Hill,  was  horn  in  Gettysburg, 
Penn.  The  family  originally  came  from  Germany.  The  paternal  grandfather  of  our  sub- 
ject was  a  farmer  by  occupation,  and  died  near  Taneytown,  Md.  His  sou.  Jacob,  was 
born  near  Taneytown,  Md  .  was  a  carpet  weaver  by  trade,  bul  followed  farming  in  latei 
years  and  died'  in  Gettysburg,  where  he  spent  the  last  years  oi  his  life.  Jacob  Beamer 
was  identified  with  the  Whigs  at  first,  but  later  voted  with  the  Republican  party  in 
early  life  he  was  a  zealous  member  of  and  deacon  in  the  Reformed  Church,  but  in  later 
years  he  was  a  member  of  the  United  Brethren  denomination  and  was  a  class-leader. 
Jacob  Beamer  was  married  to  V.nn  M.  Wentz,  of  German  descent,  born  in  York  i  ounty, 
p,  „,,.    m  i\   14    1815,  daughter  of  John  Wentz,  who  came  here  from  York  County,  and 

died    aged  eigbty-four.  near  the  famous  peach  orchard  where  he  resided  during  the  battle 

of  Gettysburg  his  own  son  being  an  officer  of  a  Confederate  battery  thai  was  stationed  at 
I  of  the  lot,  his  nephew  facing  the  battery  in  the  Union  Army.    The  widow  oi 

B  Miner  is  -till  living.  Thev  were  parents  of  ten  children,  of  whom  the  living  are 
Henry  II  Harriet  E.,  Walter  J.,  Franklin  8.,  Jacob  H.,  Emma  ('..  Philip  W.  <>!  these, 
Walter  J  was  reared  on  the  farm  and  attended  the  common  school-  m  <  b  I  lysburg -ami 
vicinity  but  is  mainly  -elf  educated.  He  joined  the  United  Brethren  Church  "hen 
twenty  foui  years  of  age,  and  commenced  to  study  for  the  ministry  when  twenty-six.  and 
tter  was  ordained  at  Shippensburg,  Penn.,  since  when  he  has  been  laboring 
for  the  Lord.  Bis  firs!  charge  was  Fulton  Mis-ion.  in  Fulton  County;  he  next  had  the 
Perry  Circuit,  in  Perry  County;  then  Shqpps  Station,  in  Cumberland  County;  and  later  the 
Otterbein  Church,  in  Baltimore  City.  In  1880  he  was  elected  presiding  elder  over  the 
Chambersburg  District.  Pennsylvania  Conference,  which  position  he  filled  six  years 
Making  his  headquarters  one  year  in  Mechanicsburg,  Penn,.  and  then  on  ins  farm  Coi  144 
:  \b»,,ni  p lea-ant  Township,  this  county,  where  he  now  resides,  having  charge  oJ 
the  Hanover  Church.  Mr.  Beamer  was  married,  in  this  township.  June  a,  1870,  to  Miss 
Miller,  a  native  of  this  county  daughter  of  John  Miller  of  the  old  Miller  family. 
Two  children  are  the  result  of  this  union:  Alice  C  and  LauraE,  Oui  subject  is  identi- 
fied with  the  Republican  party.  During  the  war  of  the  Rebellion  he  served  two  years  for 
hie  country.     He  enlisted  in  June,  1868,  first  in  the  six  month's  service,  in  Bell  s  company 

of  cavalry,  and    at    the    expira  t  ion  o  f   his  t  i  me  re  enli-ted  in  the  three  n  ea  i  -    si  >  \  ice  in  I  he 

same  company    and  regiment,  and  remained  till  the  close  of  the  war.     He  was  in  the 

hat  tie  of  Cold 'Harbor,  siege  of  Petersburg,  where  they  were  engaged  in  the  entrenchments 

month  (this  was  while  in  Company  B,  Twenty-firsl   Regiment  oi  Cavalry,  being 

dismounted  for  five  months);  after  which,  with  Gregg's  Second  Division,  he  participated  in 

many   -kirmi-he-.     After   the  war   he  returned  to  his  farm,  and  subsequently  entered   the 
ministry. 


486  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

JOSEPH  COSHUN,  farmer,  P.O.  Bonneauville.  John  Coshun, the  great-grandfather  of 
this  gentleman,  came  from  Flanders,  and  settled  in  New  Jersey.  He  had  three  sons:  John. 
Joshua  and  Peter,  and  of  these  Peter  setlled  in  Frederick  County,  Md. ,  Joshua  in  New 
York,  and  John  in  Mountpleasant  Township,  this  county,  where  he  farmed  and  eventually 
died,  aged  sixty  years.  He,  John,  married  Hannah,  daughter  of  John  Conover,  a  native 
of  Long  Island  and  of  Dutch  descent.  John  and  Hannah  Coshun  had  nine  children, 
of  whom  Joseph  married  Sarah,  daughter  of  Isaac  and  Sarah  (Barr)  Robinson.  Her 
mother  was  a  daughter  of  William  and  Rebecca  (Torrence)  Watson,  and  the  latter,  Re- 
becca Torrence,  was  a  daughter  of  Aaron  Torrence.  To  Joseph  and  Sarah  (Robinson) 
Coshun  were  born  seven  children:  Mary  R.,  Catharine,  Amanda  (deceased),  John,  Sarah, 
Ann  J.  (deceased),  and  Joseph.  Joseph  Coshun,  St.,  was  a  farmer  by  occupation;  took 
an  active  interest  in  educational  matters,  serving  as  school  director  for  a  long  time;  he 
died  in  this  township  aged  fifty-two,  and  bis  widow  when  sixty-four.  Of  their  children 
our  subject  was  educated  in  this  county,  and  is  a  farmer.  He  was  married  in  Gettysburg, 
Penn..  to  Sarah  J.,  daughter  of  Squire 'Samuel  Durboraw,  and  by  this  union  there  are  six 
children  now  living:  Mary  J.,  John  N.,  Anna  L.,  William,  Emma  J.,  and  Alice  F.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Coshun  are  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church.  He  has  been  identified  with  the 
Republican  party  ever  since  its  organization.  During  the  late  civil  war  he  served  as  a 
member  of  Company  C,  Ninety-eighth  Pennsylvania.  Sixth  Corps,  Army  of  the  Potomac, 
enlisting  in  March,  'i860,  and  serving  till  the  close  of  the  Rebellion. 

HENRY  M.  FORRY,  farmer,  P.  O.  Bonneauville,  was  born  two  miles  northeast  of  Han- 
over, York  Co.,  Penn.;  son  of  John  (a  farmer  by  occupation)  and  Nancy  1. Myers)  Forry. 
who  died  in  Hanover,  aged  sixty  six  and  eighty-three  3'ears.  respectively.  They  had  four- 
teen children:  Jacob  and  John  (twins),  the  latter  liviug  in  Ohio;  Eliza;  Nancy;  Mattie; 
Abraham;  Maria;  Henry;  David,  a  farmer  in  Indiana;  Amanda:  Millie;  Mrs.  Barbara 
Kindig,  who  died  in  Washington,  D.  C;  Benjamin  and  Martin  (the  latter  deceased),  and 
Frances,  married  to  Amos  Rohrbaugb.  The  Forry  family  originally  came  from  Germany. 
Henry  Forry  has  been  a  farmer  nearly  all  his  life,  though  he  resided  for  four  years  in  Lit- 
tlesto'wn,  Penn..  but  subsequently  removed  to  Bonneauville,  in  the  fall  of  1865;  bought 
land,  and  has  still  a  farm  of  110  acres.  He  was  married  to  Louise,  daughter  of  Benjamin 
Landis,  and  she  has  borne  him  three  children :  John  L.,  married  to  Addie,  daughter  of  Levi 
Weikert(have  one  child.  Charles  Forry);  Mary  Jane  (deceased),  and  Harry  G.,  win. was 
partly  educated  in  the  home  schools,  partly  under  the  private  instruction  of  Dr.  A.  Noel, 
partly  at  the  Preparatory  to  Pennsylvania  College  and  Select  Classical  School  at  Littles- 
town,  Penn.,  necessary  branches,  preparatory  to  his  taking  a  medical  course.  Our  subject 
Las  ever  been  a  Republican  in  politics. 

MICHAEL  H.  GEISELMAN,  farmer,  P.  O.  Centennial,  a  native  of  this  township, 
was  horn  May  6,  1848,  on  the  old  homestead  which  his  grandfather,  Michael  Geiselman, 
had  purchased  from  McCreary,  who  bought  it  from  the  Indians  and  from  the  Government. 
Michael  Geiselman.  Sr.,  was  born  in  York  County.  Penn..  and  came  here  from  near  Abbotts- 
town,  Penn.;  married  Catharine  Keller,  and  had  seven  children:  Daniel.  Samuel,  Mary 
A.,  Catharine,  Sarah.  Louise  and  Michael.  The  parents  died  in  Hanover,  Penn.,  aged 
seventy-four  and  eighty-three  years,  respectively.  The  paternal  great-grandfather  of  our 
subject,  a  native  of'  Prussia,  married  a  Polish  lady  (both  had  immigrated  to  America  in 
youth),  and  settled  in  York  County.  Penn.,  where  they  lived,  died,  and  are  buried.  The 
grandmother  was  interred  in  winter  time,  under  an  apple  tree,  close  to  the  house,  which 
was  on  an  embankment,  fifty  feet  high,  near  Seven  Valley,  and  over  which  the  Northern 
Central  Railroad  now  runs.  Of  the  seven  children  born  to  Michael  and  Catharine  (Keller) 
Geiselman,  Samuel  was  born  near  Abbottstown,  Adams  County,  Penn.,  has  been  a  farmer 
all  his  life,  but  is  now  living  retired  in  Hanover,  Penn.  He  inherited  the  old  homestead, 
and  has  much  improved  it.  "He  married  Catharine,  daughter  of  Harry  Felty.  an  old  set- 
tler, whose  father  was  a  captain  in  the  Revolutionary  war.  To  this  union  were  born  seven 
children,  two  of  whom  died  in  infancy,  and  one.  Samuel  A.,  when  twenty-two  years  of 
age.  Those  now  living  are  Michael  H.,  Mrs.  Sarah  A.  Heaggy,  Charles  W.,  John  C,  a 
merchant  at  Hanover.  Penn.  Of  these  Michael  H.  was  educated  near  home,  has  been  a 
farmer  all  his  life,  and  now  owns  a  part  of  the  old  homestead.  He  was  married  to  Miss 
Sarah  E.,  daughter  of  George  Basehoar,  and  by  this  union  has  six  children:  Mary  K., 
Sarah  G.,  Harris  B.,  Annie  M.,  Michael  L.  and  Elsie  I.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Geiselman  are 
members  of  the  Lutheran  Church.     Politically  he  is  a  Democrat. 

SIMON  HARNISH,  farmer,  P.  O.  Bonneauville,  was  born  November  9,  1804.  111 
Heidelberg  Township,  York  Co.,  Penn.  The  Harnish  family  originally  came  from 
Germany,' and  after  arriving  in  America  first  settled  in  Lancaster  County,  Penn.,  but 
their  descendants  soon  scattered  themselves  over  different  parts  of  southern  Pennsylvania. 
Samuel  Harnish  (grandfather  of  our  subject),  who  was  a  farmer,  settled  in  the  valley  of 
Pigeon  Hills.  One  of  his  brothers  settled  near  Chambersburg,  and  another  near  Carlisle, 
Penn.  Samuel  Harnish  was  a  Democrat  in  politics,  served  as  county  commissioner; 
married  Elizabeth  Burghart,  and  had  nine  children:  Jacob.  Elizabeth,  Samuel,  Sally, 
Barbara,  John,  Michael  Nancy  and  Daniel.  The  parents  died  on  the  old  homestead  at 
an  advanced  age.     Of  their  children,  Jacob,  born  March  11,  1794,  was  a  farmer;  married 


MOUNTPLEASANT    TOWNSHIP. 


1ST 


Nancy  daughter  of  Samuel  Bechtel,  and  whodiedaged  thirty  five,  the  mother  of  seven 
children:  Elizabeth,  Sarah,  Bimon,  Barbara  and  Anna  (twins)  Joseph  and   Magdalena. 


mish's  second  wife  was  Sarah,  daughter  of  John  Meyers;  she  died  aged  nfty-flve. 
,r,,t  three  children  Mariajacob  and  John;  Jacob  Barmsh  died  neartheold  farm  in 


Hal]   when  he  continui  A  four  years,  and  kept  a  general  Btore  id  Bonneauville.P; 

vear'     1m  1*71  he  icrauvnl  to  tiir  farm  where  hehas  been  ever  since,  and  has  120 
hl„l      Hewas  married  here  to  Miss  Margaret,  daughter  of  Benry  Shnner,  of  Cernian 
descent    who  was  a  resident  of  Carroll  County,  Md.,  and  to  this  union  were  born  six  sons 
and  two  daughters:  Theodore  B.;  William  P.  P.,  an  artist  who  died  in  Milford,  111.,  aged 
iu,,ltv  oneyears;  ClintonS.,  Charles  S.,  Barry  W.,  Oliver  P.,  Abanlla  J.  (deceased)  and 
Nannie  I      'Mr   II  uni-li  is  a  member  of  the  German  Reformed  and  Ins  wife  of  the  United 
Brethren  Church     Politically  Mr.  Harnish  hasbeen  identified  with  the  Democratic  party, 
ami  has  tilled   township  offices.      He   has  always  taken  an   active   interest  in  educational 
and  hasbeen  school  director  for  over  twenty  years. 
BARB'S  ■!    LILLY.    (See  next  sketch  below).    The  great-great-grandfather,  Samuel 
1  iih-  came  from  Bristol,  England,  landing  at  Philadelphia,  Penn.,  thence  went  to  Ches- 
ter County   Penn     but  after  a  short  time  came  to  Conowago  Township.  Adams  County, 
Penn    (where  his  great-grand  daughter,  Sarah  Lilly,  still  resides)  in  1733.    Be  was  nine 
months  making  the  trip  from  England,  being  wrecked  on  thecoast  of  Ireland,    He  learned 
the  trade  of  toiler  in  his  native  land,  and  first  settled  on  the  west  side  of  Conowago 
Creek    on   account   of   the  water  power,  and  erected  a   factory,  which  was  earned  on  for 
many  rear-   his  son  succeeding  him,  but  which  was  finally  abandoned,  as  it  did  not  pay, 
cloth  being  manufactured  30  cheap  in  Eastern  cities.    No  vestige  of  the  building  now  re- 
main- everything  being  torn  down.    Samuel  Lilly,  also,  operated  a  feed  and  saw-mill, 
which  was  replaced  by  a  -tone  mill.    Be  entered  a  great  deal  ol   land,  and  the  homestead 
be  first  settled  is  still  in  possession  of  his  descendants.     When  he  first  came  to  tins  town- 
shin  the  Jesuits  had  the  only  log  church,  Which  was  served  once   a  month  by  priests,  who 
came   from    Barford  Co.,   Md.      Indians   still  roamed  over    the    lore-Is.      Mr.  Lilly  was    a 
man  of  great  pin  sica]  endurance,  and.  although  not  of  large  size,  was  undaunted  by  dis- 
sents or  Obstacles  that  were  thrown  in  his  way.      lie  had  several  sons  and  daugh- 
ter-   and  one  of  hi-  daughters  married  Dudley  Digges,  Who  at  one   nine  owned  much  land 
around  Conowago  Chapel,  and  was  -lot  by  one  of  Michael  Kitzmillers  boys.    Samuel 
I  illv's  Bona-  Richard,  John  and  Thomas— were  mentioned  in  his  will,  which  was  signed 
.  by  John  Digges,  Benry  Blagle  ami  Archibald  Irwin.    Sarah  Lilly,  a  daughter  of  Samuel 
Lillv   who  was  a  grandson  of  Samuel  Lilly  the  first,  was  born  October  L".\  1800,  and  has 
always  resided  on  the   homestead,  with  the  exception  of  the  time  she  attended  school  in 
Baltimore   and  to-day,  although  she  has  seen  more  than  four-score  year-,  -he  is  one  oi  the 
most  sensible  ladies  in  the  county;  she  still  owns  several  hundred  acres  of  the  original 
homestead    which  is  farmed  by  her  nephews,  Edgar  and  John  L.  Jenkins.     Miss  Li  ly  is  a 
r  of  Conowago  Chapel,  which  her  ancesters  helped  build,  and  is  most  highly  re- 
d  by  its  members,  who  are  in  perfect  harmony  with  all  denominations. 
'      II  \KRY  J.  LILLY,  farmer,  P.  ().  Centennial,  was  born  on  his  fathers  old  home- 
Stead   a  part  of  the  Lilly  tract,  in  Mountpleasant  Township,  this  county,  September  1\ 
1848  '   His  grandfather,  Benry  Lilly,  was  born  in  Eden.  Oxford  Township,  Adams  County, 
and  at  an  advanced  age,  built  the  house  where  our  subject  m.w  resides,  and  a  mill.    He, 
lb, u\   Lilly    was  twice   married,  first  to  Miss  Kane,  a  native  of  Harford  Co.,  Md,,  who 
died  leaving  three  sons,  who  grew  up  to  manhood:  Thomas,  who  was  educated  at  George- 
town College,  of  which  he  subsequently  was  teacher,  and  then  treasurer,  and  finally  a 
priest  later  was  stationed  at  St.  Inigoes,  in  Maryland;  afterward  was  sent  toBt.  Josephs 
Church   ai  Philadelphia,  and  there  died;  George,  who  fanned  here  until   L860,  when  lie 
wen:  to  Texas;  Col.  James,  who  resided  in  this  neighborhood  until  1859;  when  he  went  to 
Richmond     Va.    where    he    remained   till    Fort   Sumter  was    fired  on,    when   he   went  to 
White  Sulphur  Springs,  Va.,  and  there   resided  until    l*!:!.  when    he  moved  to  Hmton,  W. 
Va      where    lie   died    in    1881,  aged   seventy  four   year-.      None   of  these   three   sons   were 

married  Mr-.  Benry  (Kane)  Lilly  died  at  an  earl;  age,  and  Benrj  Lilly  subsequently 
married  Catharine,  daughter  of  John  Sneeringer,  and  who  died  at  an  advanced  age  in  Mc- 
Sherrystown,  Penn.,  the  mother  of  six  children:  Joseph,  John,  Henry,  Samuel,  Caroline 
,„,|  M..,rv  <  >:  tin  -e,  Joseph  was  born  in  1810,  on  the  old  Lilly  farm;  became  a  farmer 
and  miller  and  while  still  single,  in  1832,  moved  to  the  place  where  our  subject  now  re- 
sides; he  died  August  11.  1869,  at  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  where  he  was  under  treatment  tor 
hi  tac  Politically  he  was  a  Democrat,  as  were  all  the  members  of  the  family 
but  the  elde-t.  who  was  a  Whig.    Joseph  Lilly  was  married  to  Catharine  Reily,  who  is 

now  seventy  year-  old,  a  daughter  of  Edward  Reily,  an  old  pioneer,  who  came  here  about 
797    <  )f  the  six  children  horn  to  Joseph  and  Catharine  Lilly,  three  attained  maturity:  .Mary 


488  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

J.,  Harry  J.,  and  Edward,  now  residing  at  Cape  Girardeau,  on  the  Mississippi  River.  150 
miles  south  of  St.  Louis.  Of  these,  Harry  J.  was  educated  at  Calverd  College,  New 
Windsor,  Carroll  Co.,  Md.,  with  the  exception  of  two  years,  when  he  took  his  father's 
place  at  the  mill.  Our  subject  has  followed  agricultural  pursuits,  and  now  owns  about 
seventy-five  acres  of  the  old  farm;  he  has  been  quite  a  traveler,  and  has  made  many  trips 
to  St.  Louis  and  other  western  points.  Our  subject  was  married  in  Baltimore  County, 
Md.,  September  13,  1876.  to  Miss  Helen  Jenkins,  who  was  born  in  March,  1856,  daughter  of 
Edward  P.  Jenkins,  formerly  a  citizen  of  Baltimore,  Md.  This  union  has  been  blessed 
with  four  children:  M.  Josie,  Edward  J.,  Mary  L.,  Alfred  Austin.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lilly 
are  members  of  Conowago  Chapel.  Politically  he  is  a  Democrat,  and  has  been  iden- 
tified with  this  party  nearly  all  his  life. 

EPHRAIM  MILLER,  farmer,  P.  O.  Granite  Hill,  was  bom  August  26,  1828,  on  the 
old  homestead,  in  this  county,  where  his  father,  John  H.  Miller,  had  settled  in  an  early 
day.  The  Millers  are  descendants  of  Michael  Miller,  who  came  from  Germany  in  an  early 
day  and  settled  in  this  county,  near  Round  Top,  where  George  Luckenbaugh  now  lives. 
Michael  Miller  was  married  here  to  a  Miss  DeGraff,  and  died  at  an  advanced  age.  His 
widow  was  over  ninety  at  the  time  of  her  decease.  Of  the  several  children  born  to  this 
couple.  John,  a  native  of  this  township,  first  engaged  in  farming  and  huckstering  in  early 
life,  but  later  kept  a  store  in  Mountpleasant  Township,  where  our  subject  now  resides. 
He  commenced  doing  business  on  a  small  scale,  with  one  horse,  but  afterward  used  four 
horses.  He  was  quite  successful,  financially,  and  in  the  course  of  time  became  a  wealthy 
man.  He  bought  land  from  time  to  time,  till  he  owned  about  545  acres.  He  was  a  busy 
man,  and  built  and  repaired  much  property.  Politically  he  was  a  Democrat.  He  married 
Sarah  Flater,  who  died  here,  aged  seventy  years,  Mr.  Miller  being  seventy-three  at  the 
time  of  his  demise.  To  this  couple  were  born  eight  children:  Elizabeth,  Noah,  Catharine, 
John,  Michael,  Margaret,  Mary  Ann  and  Ephraim.  Of  these,  Ephraim  attended  the 
county  school,  which  was  held  in  a  cabiu,  and  was  conducted  on  the  old  subscription  plan. 
He  and  his  brother  John  took  up  their  father's  business  (general  store),  and  after  his  death 
were  in  partnership  for  fourteen  years.  John  next  died,  and  Ephraim  became  sole  pos- 
sessor of  the  business,  and  has  also  a  farm  of  155  acres.  Ephraim  Miller  has  been  a  suc- 
cessful business  man,  as  was  his  father  before  him.  He  was  married,  June  5,  1849,  to  Miss 
Susan,  daughter  of  David  Showalter,  who  has  borne  him  four  children — three  daughters: 
Lida  K..  Cora  A.  and  Sarepta  Alice  (latter  of  whom  died  in  infancy),  and  one  son,  Charles 
H.,  a  bright  lad,  who  died  when  fifteen  years  old.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Miller  are  members  of 
the  United  Brethren  Church  of  Christ.'   Politically  he  is  a  Democrat. 

JACOB  E.  MILLER,  farmer,  carpenter  and  undertaker,  Bonneauville,  was  born  Au- 
gust 23,  1828,  in  Straban  Township,  Adams  Co.,  Penn..  son  of  Peter  Miller,  a  native  of 
Hamiltonban  Township,  this  county, who  was  a  potter  and  farmer  by  occupation,  and  a  Dem- 
ocrat in  politics.  He  married  Elizabeth  Kemp,  and  had  six  children:  Catharine,  who  died 
aged  ten  years;  Mathias  (deceased,  aged  twenty),  Mrs.  Mary  Bricher  (deceased),  Jacob  E., 
Mrs.  Elizabeth  Gitt,  Peter.  Jr.  Peter  Miller,  Sr.,  died  in  Mountpleasant  Township,  and 
his  wife  in  Oxford  Township,  this  county.  Great-grandfather  Miller  came  from  Germany. 
Jacob  E.  Miller  was  educated  in  the  common  school^,  and  in  early  life  learned  carpenter- 
ing, which  he  has  followed  more  or  less  all  his  life.  Since  1865  he  has  also  been  an  under- 
taker. He  was  married,  in  Conowago.  this  county,  to  Miss  Catharine,  daughter  of  Henry 
Weaver,  who  has  borne  him  six  children,  two  of  whom  are  living:  John  H.  and  Jacob  F. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jacob  E.  Miller  are  members  of  the  Catholic  Church.  Politically  our  sub- 
ject has  been  identified  with  the  National  Greenback  party;  is  no  office-seeker,  and  votes 
tfor  the  best  man.  During  the  late  civil  war  he  responded  to  the  nine  months'  call;  was 
elected  captain  of  Company  G,  One  Hundred  and  Sixty-fifth  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  In- 
fantry, and  filled  the  office  till  his  term  expired,  and  with  his  regiment  participated  in 
various  engagements. 

LEVI  D.  MILLER,  farmer  and  merchant,  Bonneauville.  was  born  in  December,  1861, 
in  Carroll  County,  Md.,  son  of  Louis  and  Elizabeth  (Hann)  Miller,  who  were  parents  of 
two  children:  Mrs.  Mary  E.  Sherman  and  Levi  D.  Louis  Miller  was  a  native  of  Mary- 
land, a  farmer  by  occupation,  and  died  at  Two  Taverns,  Adams  Co.,  Penn.,  aged  forty- 
nine  years.  Our  subject,  who  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  his  native  county,  worked 
on  a  farm  until  the  spring  of  1883,  when  he  embarked  in  a  mercantile  career,  becoming  a 
partner  with  Jacob  Sherman,  a  merchant  of  Two  Taverns,  Penn.  They  kept  a  general 
store  for  a  year  and  a  half,  when  the  partnership  was  dissolved,  and  Mr.  Miller  removed 
to  Bonneauville,  this  county,  where  he  engaged  in  the  same  business  on  his  own  account, 
and  has  been  very  successful.  He  was  married  here  to  Miss  M.  Ella,  daughter  of  Michael 
Fiscel,  a  representative  citizen  of  Mountjoy  Township,  this  county.  One  child  has  been 
born  to  this  union — M.  Edna.     Mr.  and  Mrs.  Miller  are  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church. 

DR.  AGIDEOUS  NOEL,  physician  and  surgeon,  Bonneauville,  was  born  in  Mount- 
pleasant Township,  Adams  Co.,  Penn.,  son  of  Samuel  E.  Noel,  whose  ancestors  were  of 
French  descent  and  settled  in  Adams  County  in  the  beginning  of  the  eighteenth  century, 
near  the  Pigeon  Hills.  The  paternal  great-grandfather,  a  farmer  by  occupation,  in  an. 
early  day  resided  near  East  Berlin,  this  county,  and  died  here  at  an  advanced  age;  his  son, 


MOUNITLEASANT    TOWNSHIP. 


189 


Peter  Noel  also  a  farmer,  was  a  mill-wrighl  by  trade  and  died  mar  Bonneauville,  this 
county  aged  over  ninetj  years;  be  was  a  Whig  politically.  He  (Peter)  was  twice  mar- 
ried' the  Aral  time  to  Miss  Dull,  who  died  leaving  ten  married  children:  Jacob,  Bamuel, 
Peter  Henry  Bernard,  Louis,  Qerome,  George,  Elizabeth  and  Margaret.  ByPeter  Noel  a 
second  marriage  with  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Nicholas  Noel,  hehad  onesonand  several 
daughters  ot  Peter  Noel's  children,  Bamuel,  a  hatter  by  trade  married  in  this  township, 
Barbara  Ease  a  nam.'  of  Northampton  County,  Penn.,  and  of  German  descent,  Samuel 
Noel  died  October  9,  I860,  and  his  widow  August  30,  L871,  aged  seventy-six  years,  [hey 
had  two  Children  Francis  a  ,  who  resides  on  the  old  homestead,  and  Agideoiis.  Our  aub- 
jecl  received  a  primary  education  near  home  and  his  literary  education  at  the  New  Oxford 
Institute  \t  the  age  oi  fourteen  he  became  imbued  with  the  desire  of  studying  medicine, 
and  read  with  Dr  M.  D  G.  l'hietl'er.  of  New  Oxford.  lVnn..  who  was  also  the  principal 
Of  the  New  Oxford  Institute.  He  afterward  attended  the  University  of  Maryland,  at 
Baltimore,  where  he  graduated  in  1868.  After  graduating  the  Doctor  located  m  Bonneau- 
,  iUe  penn  of  which  place  he  is  now  the  oldest  physician,  and  here  he  enjoys  the  esteem 
and  n  api  cl  of  his  neighbors  and  has  a  lucrative  practice.  Dr.  Noel  was  married  here  to 
Mrs  Lucinda  M.  Bwope,  a  daughter  of  Benjamin  Landis  (Mrs.  Noel  had  three  sons  by  her 
Bre,  marriage)  During  the  late  war  Dr.  Noel  offered  his  services  to  his  country,  and 
September  5  1864,  was  commissioned,  by  Gov.  Curtin,  first  assistant  surgeon  of  the 
Two  Hundred  and  Fifth  Regiment,  Pennsylvania  Volunteers.  Third  Division.  Ninth 
Corps,  Army  of  the  Potomac.  He  served  at  the  Third  Division  Seld  hospital  till  the  close 
of  the  war,  and  received  an  honorable  discharge  June  2, 1865. 

FRANCIS  POHLMAN,  fanner.  P.  0.  Centennial,  was  horn  June  I,  1848,  at  Mount 
Rock  Mountpleasant  Township.  A. lam-  Co.,  Penn.,  son  of  Francis  I'ohlman,  Br.,  who 
wash,. rn  mar  Osnabruck,  Germany,  and  who  came  to  America  before  he  was  Of  age. 
The  latter  was  the  youngest  son  in  his  father's  family  and,  as  was  the  custom  in  that 
country    BUppOSed  he  WOUld   inherit  his  property,  on  which  there  was  a  small   debt,  so  he 

came  to  America  to  make  up  the  money  owed,  but  found  on  his  return  to  Europe  with  the 

necessary  funds  that  his  eldest  brother  had  taken  possession,  and  as  he  did  not  wish  I" 
disturb  him  though  he  was  entitled  to  the  place,  he  returned  to  America  an.  I  to  Adams 
Couim  Penn  where  he  farmed  the  latter  part  of  his  life.  He  wasalso  alime  burner. 
and  probably  burned  more  lime  than  any  other  man  in  the  county.  He  died  at  Mount 
Rock  Februarj  6,  issl.  aged  Beventy  years.  He  was  married  here  to  Mary  Gosman.  who 
was  born  in  Bavaria,  Germany,  daughter  of  Frederick  Gosman,  and  is  yet  living.  01  thi 
-even  children  born  to  them  three  are  living:  Francis,  John  and  Mrs.  Susie  Muni,.  Mar> 
another  daughter,  died  at  the  age  of  sixteen.       Francis  I'ohlman,  Jr.,  was  educated   near 

home  and  at  New  Windsor,  Md.  He  was  married,  in  this  township,  to  Miss  Mary,  daugh- 
ter of  Dominic  Gosman,  and  by  this  union  there  is  one  child,  Joseph  Dominie.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  I'ohlman  are  members  of  ConowagO  Chapel.  Politically  he  is  identified  With  the 
Democratic  party.  .  ,  _n    ,,-,,.„    . 

EMANUEL  RUDI8ILL,  farmer,  P.  0.  Gettysburg,  was  born  August  80,  18.47,  m 
Heidelberg  Township,  York  Co.,  Penn.  The  family  was  originally  ..1  French  or  German 
Three  brothers  came  to  Pennsylvania  at  an  earh  date,  one  settled  near  York, 
one  in  Lancaster  County,  and ■  near  Jefferson,  in  York  County.  Our  subject  s  grand- 
father Vndr.w  Rudisill,  was  horn  and  reared  in  York  County,  and  wa  a  s.n  ol  U  orlc\ 
Rudisill  who  was  born  at  Codorus,  same  county.  Andrew  Rudisill  was  a  poor  boy  when 
he  Started  out  in  life  for  hini-elf;  was  a  shoe-maker  bv  trade;  became  quite  wealthy,  and 
gave  each  of  hisfoursons  a  homestead  farm  near  Hanover,  York  County.  He  was  an 
industrious  man.  a  remarkable  character,  and  was  a  representative  citizen  of  York!  ounty. 
He  married  Miss  Elizabeth  Wildesin.  a  descendant  of  one  of  the  oldesl  families  in  lork 
County  where  her  father's  brothers  used  to  hunt  with  the  friendly  Indians  in  an  early 

day.     'Mrs.    Andrew    Rudisill   died   in  York    County  when    over  one    hundred    and    eleven 

i  age  (when  one  hundred  and  three  year- ..1.1  she  would  still  go  out  fishing,  and 

'she  kepi  all  her  faculties  till  the  last).      To  Andrew  and  Elizabeth  Rudisill  were  bom  fOUI 

-.„,-  and  three  daughters,  who  lived  to  a  g I  old  age:  Mary  was  ninety-one  years  and 

some  month-  John  was  ninelv-one.  Andrew  was  over  ninety-one.  Eve  was  eighty-si\..l  aeob 

was  sixty-two,  Henry,  who  is  still  living,  is  about  eighty-eight,  Elizabeth  was  fifty  years 
old  when  -he  died.  Of  these,  Jacob,  who  was  also  a  fanner,  married  Christiana  Lohr. 
who  wa-  aeventy-tWO  years  old  at  her  death.  They  both  died  m  Hanover,  1  enn.  lhey 
had  six  children:  Jacob,   Emanuel,   Rebecca,  Christiana,  John  and  Abraham.    Ol  these. 

Emanuel  Rudisill  was  educated  near  home  and  has  been  a  farmer  all  his  life;  he  now  Owns 

230  acres  of  land  in  Mountpleasanl  Township,  this  county.  He  was  united  in  marriage 
with  Leah  Spangler,  born  in  York  County,  Penn.,  daughter  of  Zachanah  Bpangler. 
Twelve  children  wen-  bom  to  thi- union,  all  now  living:  Bpangler,  Alice.  \\  orley  Charles, 
Martin.  Frank.  Jacob,  Alverta.  Katie,  Andrew,  Minnie  and  Rebecca.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kudi- 
sill  are  members  of  St.  James  Lutheran  Church.  Politically  he  is  a  Democrat,  but  i-  no 
office  seeker,  preferring  a  quiet  life.  QQQ  . 

MELCHIOR  SLUXGTIOFF.  farmer.  P.  O.  Red  Land,  was  born  September  39,  18d8,  in 
Hessen  Casscl,  Germany,  son  of  Richard  and  Margaret  (Rosenberger)  Slinghoff  (who  died 


490  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

in  Germany),  the  parents  of  three  children:  William,  residing  in  Germany,  Mary  wife  of 
Jacob  Hupser,  of  Russell  County  Kas.,  and  Melchior.  Our  subject  went  to  school  in  his 
native  land  until  he  was  twelve  years  of  age,  when  he  was  left  an  orphan,  and  was  sent  by 
an  uncle  to  the  United  States,  he  and  his  sister  coming  over  by  themselves,  and  landing  at 
Philadelphia,  Penn.,  where  Melchior  worked  one  month  and  then  came  to  this  county, 
■where  he  worked  on  a  farm  for  a  time  and  then  learned  the  carpenter's  trade,  which  he 
followed  for  some  time.  In  August,  18(31,  he  enlisted  in  the  Union  Army,  and  served  as  a 
nine  months'  volunteer.  After  that  he  obtained  an  honorable  discharge,  and  shortly  after 
went  to  Washington,  D.  C,  where  he  worked  at  his  trade  for  the  Government,  till  the 
death  of  Abraham  Lincoln,  when  he  returned  to  this  county,  bought  150  acres  of  land 
and  went  to  farming,  in  which  he  has  been  very  successful.  Melchior  Slinghoff  was  mar- 
ried, October  13,  1865,  to  Miss  Rebecca,  daughter  of  Daniel  Bonnetts  and  by  her  he  has 
six  children  now  living:  Charles  H.,  Emma  E.,  Sarah  J.,  Ellen  M.,  Millie  R.  and  Lillie  St. 
Mr.  aud  Mrs.  Slinghoff  are  active  members  of  the  German  Reformed  Church,  in  which  he 
was  deacon  for  about  eight  years.  Our  subject  is  one  of  the  representative  citizens  of 
this  township,  is  a  Democrat  in  politics  and  has  filled  minor  township  offices. 

HON.  J.  E.  SMITH,  merchant,  P.O.  Centenuial,  was  born  mar  Bonneauville,  Mount- 
pleasant Township,  Adams  County,  Penn..  March  28,  1829.  (His  grandfather,  Charles 
Smith,  who  came  from  Germany  when  ayoung  man,  and  settled  in  Mountpleasant  Town- 
ship, was  a  farmer  and  distiller;  married  a  Miss  Spittler  who  bore  him  eleven  children 
that  attained  maturity  (eight  at  one  time  were  cradling  wheat  in  their  father's  field),  all 
of  whom  married  anil  had  large  families  of  their  own,  who  showed  the  sturdy  stock  from 
which  they  sprang  and  made  good  members  of  society.  The  names  of  the  living  are 
John,  Andrew,  Anthony,  Jacob,".Joseph,  Charles,  Peter,  Adam,  Elizabeth,  Anna  and  Cath- 
arine. Mr.  and  Mrs.  Charles  Smith  died  near  Bonneauville.  at  a  good  old  age:  they  were 
quiet  country  people,  highly  respected  by  those  who  knew  them,  and  were  devout  Catho- 
lics, members  of  Conowago  Chapel.  Their  son,  Peter,  also  a  farmer  by  occupation,  died 
■on  a  farm  between  Bonneauville  and  McSherrystown,  aged  ninety  years;  he  held  some 
township  and  county  offices,  was  a  prominent  Whig  until  the  Know-uothing  party  sprang 
up,  when  he  became  identified  with  the  Democratic  party.  He  volunteered  in  the  war  of 
1812  under  his  brother-in-law,  Capt.  Adams,  and  was  one  of  the  defenders  of  Baltimore. 
Peter  Smith  married  Magdalena,  daughter  of  Jacob  Adams,  of  Oxford  Township,  this  county, 
a  miller  and  farmer  by  occupation.  Mrs.  Peter  Smith  died  at  the  homestead,  aged  seventy- 
two  years,  the  mother  of  eleven  children,  of  whom  eight  reached  maturity:  Anna  S.  (now 
Sister  DeSales,  Order  of  St.  Joseph).  John  E.,  David  B.,  Peter  G..  Maria.  Louisa,  Anthony, 
Francis  J.  John  E.  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and  also  by  private  teachers.  In 
early  life  he  farmed  and  taught  school  (five  winters  in  all),  and  then  entered  a  mercantile 
career  at  Irishtown,  Penn.,  where  he  continued  for  five  years;  thence  came  to  Mount  Rock, 
where  he  has  been  keeping  a  general  store;  has  been  also  engaged  in  the  lime  industry 
since  1855.  and  has  done  a'large  business  (he  has  had  several  partners  at  different  times), 
and  for  the  past  five  years  has  manufactured  cigars  extensively,  making  usually  900,000 
per  annum,  which  he  sells  to  Eastern  markets.  Mr.  Smith  has  been  twice  married  in  this 
county.  His  first  wife.  Maria,  daughter  of  George  Lawrence,  died  aged  thirty-eight  years, 
the  mother  of  four  children,  all  now  living:  Louise.  Rosa,  Gregory  and  Ignatius.  His 
second  marriage  was  with  Miss  Mary  Jane,  daughter  of  John  Kuhn,  and  by  this  union 
there  is  one  child  living— Edgar.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Smith  are  prominent  members  of  Cono- 
wago  Chapel.  Politically  he  was  a  Whig,  but  left  the  party  with  his  father,  and  for  the 
same  cause,  and  has  since  been  identified  with  the  Democratic  party.  He  was  elected 
justice  of  the  peace  about  1850,  re-elected  twice  to  this  office,  and  in  the  fall  of  1876  was 
elected  county  commissioner;  was  subsequently  a  member  of  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives; and  two  years  ago  was  appointed  by  Gov.  Pattison  to  fill  the  office  of  associate 
judge  of  Adams  County,  holding  the  office  one  year. 

D.  C.  SMITH,  farmer,  P.  O.  Centennial,  was  born  November  5,  1836.  in  Mountpleasant 
Township,  this  county,  son  of  Anthony  B.  Smith,  who  was  born  and  died  here.  Charles 
Smith,  the  grandfather  of  our  subject. "and  his  brother,  Andrew,  were  born  in  Alsace,  Ger- 
many, and  there  their  mother  died,  and  their  father,  Gabriel  Smith,  re-married.  The  step- 
mother  made  home  unpleasant  for  the  boys,  so  Charles  and  Andrew  obtained  their  father's 
permission  to  come  to  America,  at  the  ages  of  seventeen  and  fifteen,  respectively.  They  had 
to  work  their  way  over,  paving  for  their  passage  by  earning  the  money,  Charles  working  at 
grubbing  three  and  a  half  "years  for  this  purpose,  and  his  brother  four  years  and  a  half  at 
spinning.  Andrew  Smith'married  and  had  children,  but  his  family  finally  died  out. 
Charles  Smith  came  to  Mountpleasant  Township,  this  county,  and  here  married  and  reared 
■eleven  children:  John.  Andrew.  Elizabeth.  Jacob,  Charles.  Mary,  Joseph.  Katie,  Peter, 
Anthony  aud  Adam.-  They  all  married,  aud  had,  collectively.  Ill  children  (of  the  grand- 
children, only  the  last  born  of  Adam  Smith  were  twins).  Of  Charles  Smith's  children, 
Anthony  dieil  here  in  1855,  aged  nearly  sixty  years.  Anthony  Smith  was  a  farmer  and 
weaver  by  occupation;  he  married  Rachel,  daughter  of  Jacob  Adams.  She  died  here  in 
1859,  aged  fifty  years,  the  mother  of  eighteen  children,  of  whom  fifteen  reached  maturity 
and  thirteen  are  still  living.     Of  these.   D.  C  our  subject,  attended  school  in  this  town- 


MOUNTPIiBASANT  TOWNSHIP.  I'" 

Bhip  but  is  principally  self-educated,  especially  in  music.  He  was  a  music  teacher  in 
i  iv  life  and  still  follows  the  profession  in  addition  to  farming,  and  is  also  an  orgams  of 
CtonowaKo  Chapel.     He  taugh  school  for  tenyeai  ftl  I  onowago  Chapel),  and 

Kaught  hiinself  practical  surveying,  He  was  man,,,!  here  to *  J.  °.,  youngest 
daughter  of  Henn  Spalding,  and  they  have  six  children;  Paul  .V..  Rose  G.,  Henry  »., 
Mary  M,  Helen  M.,  Mark  J?    The  family  are  all  memto  ■        wago  Chapel.    Pohfa- 

.  ill\   Mr   Smith  is  a  Democrat.  .  ,  ,  T  ,.,.,.,    • 

r\i:i;cl  I    .1   SNEERINGER,  fanner,  P.  0.  Centennial,  was  born  June  8,  1833,  in 

MountDleasant  Township,  this  county,  son  of  John  Bneeringer,  a  native  of  Conowago 

P  Adams Co.,  Penn..  and  a  descendant  of  the  old  Sneerlnger  family.   John  Sneer- 

LPatemer  all  his  life;  a  Whig  politically.    He  married  Lyd.a  House,  by whom the 

Children:  Carrie,  Carroll  J.,  Joieph,  William.  Thomas  and  Mary.  Mr.  and  Mrs .John 

SneerLwre"  died  in  this  township,  the  latter  at  the  age  of  seventy-five  years.    Carroll  .1. 

"  wafeducated  in  the  town  schools;  was  a  carpentei  in  earlj  life,  and  then  was 

ful  merchant  at  Hanover.  York  Co.,  Pen,,.,  fourteen  years.     He  first  wwtodal 

rine  lhere  and  then  embarked  in  the  coal  and  lumber  business.    In  April,  1880, 

SKSSPto  agricultural  pursuits,  and  purchased  the  old  Reilv  farm  and  has  now  100 

aeresofland     Oursubiecl  was  married  in  tins  township  to  .Miss  Sarah  E..daugtitei  ot 

rh0mas    and   bj    this  union  there  are   two  children:  Edgar  and  William  bo  h 

,'„  v,he„,  were  educatedal  l. and  are  now  on  the  farm.     Mr.  Sneeringer  and   tarn  ly 

,ago  Chapel      Politically  he  has  been  a  Democrat  all  his  life.    He 
has  been  as  successful  as  a  farmer  as  he  was  as  a  merchant. 

NEWTON  \  TAWNEY,  farmer,  P.O.  Gettysburg,  was  born  October  23,1845,  in 
Mountjoy  Township,  Adams  Co..  Penn.,  son  of  Abraham  Tawney,  a  native  o  th.seonn  ty 
I  „,  Sftferman  deswut.  Abraham  Tawney,  who  has  been  a  successfu  mas,,,  and  con- 
tactor, erected  many  of  the  important  buildings  oi  this  county,  and  among  those  „  .  . 
tysbure  may  be  mentioned  the  gas  works,  churches,  court  house  etc.  He  wnOT 
Sventf-sS  years  of  age;  is  self-male  in  every  respect;  starting  out  in  life  a  poor  boy.  en- 
,,  ,  '  .,  V.i  ,1-  bt,  hehas,  by  hard  work,  perseverance  and  an  indom.  able  wm  made 
anlacefoi  himself  in  the  World,  and  to-day  enjoys  the  respect,  and  esteem  of  all  who 

k,     w    rim  never   was   a   politician,  but  has  ever  taken   an   active   interest  in  public 

™d  is  identified  with  the  Republican  party.     He   was  married  in  this  countj 
M.~  Catharine  A,  daughter  of  David  Zuck,  a  member  of  an  old  pioneer  family  and  an 
old  wagonerto  Pittsburgh;  he  kept  hotel  on  the  Pittsburgh  Pike.    Abraham  Aww" 
DOW  seventy-six  years  old.  and  his  wife  about   sixty  -rive;  they    are    members  ol   th      . 
man  Reformed  Church.      The  children  born  to  this  couple,  four  IE  number,  wen      Newton 

v  Susannah  E  Selena  M.,  and  Clinton  J.,  who  was  a  born  mechanic  and  died  when 
;;,„•„,„  Jearso  ajte  Oursubject,  Newton  A,  was  educated  in  his  native  county;  has 
,  •„  :l  „,„,,,!„„,  „;l,urally.  though  he  has  followed  armingthe  peater 
nil  life.  He  was  married,  it.  this  county,  ^  Clara  J.,  daughter  of  Daniel  btall 
'mill,,  and  by  this  union  there  are  four  children:  Alverta  G.,  Clinton  E.,  arr«  E.and 
Charles  B.  Mr.  and  .Mr-,  Newton  Tawney  are  members  of  the  St.  Marks  Ki  tormea 
Church.    Politically  he  is  a  Republican.  .  . - 

Dl{  J  \.\ii;s  c  WATSON,  physican  and  surgeon,  Bonneauville,  was  bom  August  1, 
1851  inQuincy,  Franklin  Co.,  Penn.,  -on  of  Robert  Watson,  who  was  born  in  Washing- 
ion  Township,  Franklin  Co.!  Penn.,  from  where  his  father,  who  was  a  fi™«.*»? 
removed,  in  about  1820,  to  Hamiltonban  Township,  where  he  spent .the  balance  of ha  days, 
dyine  March  22,  1869,  at  the  ripe  old  age  of  one  hundred  and  two  years.  Iln  grano- 
falher  of  our  subject  was  a  native  of  Londonderry.  Ireland,  and  came  to  America  When 
fifty  years  old  He  was  married  here  to  Mrs.  Mary  Hindman  (raeeGibsqn),  who  died 
SaK-eJght,  Se  mother  of  five  children:  Robert,  Tunes  and  EHza  (twins)  John  and 
ffitonje  -of  these  Robert,  who  has  been  a  dentist  in  Fairfield,  this  county,  about  forty 
was  marned  i„  Franklin  County,  Penn.,  to  Hannah  Mentzer,  who  has  borne  him 
five  children,  of  Whom  four  are  living:  Tunes  Q.,  John  Mrs  Anna  E  Mussel  c  1  1  . 
Stuart.  Hehas  taken  quite  an  active  part  in  local  politics;  has  filled  nearly  everj  town- 
ship office,  and  is  one  of  its  prominent  citizens.  Our  subject  received his  pnmar  ed Na- 
tion in  this  county;  then  attended  the  Mercersburg  College  Franklin  (  ounty  1  •■»»■•■' » 
later  the  first  session  al  the  I  Diversity  of  Pennsylvania,  and  second  session  at  the  I  hil.i 
delphia  University  of  Medicine  and  Surgery,  whence  he  graduated  ,n  the  spring  .. t     »,b 

He  then  loc I  at  Mont, ,ry  Square,  Montgomery  Co    Penn  ,  where  he  renamed  but 

eighteen  months,  however,  and  then  went  to  Sabillasville,  Md     and  aftei  three  years 
practice  I  ame  to  Bonneauville.  this  county,  in  April.  1881    where  he  has  curved  all,    a- 

&ve  practia  evei  sin©      The  :toi  was  married,  in  Philadelphia,  Penn.,  November  18, 

1875,  to  Miss  Marie  E.,  daughtei  ol  August  Diehm,  a  native  ot  Germany,  and  they  have 
hildren    living:    Robert  .1  .  A, ma  L.  and  William  smart.     Dr.  and  Mrs.  Watson 
are  members  of  the  Reformed  Church.     Politically  he  has  always  been  a  Democrat. 

D  \VII>  C.  WKNTZ,  farmer,  P.O.  Bonneauville,  was  bom  November  »,  1834  in 
Carroll  County,  Md..  a  grandson  of  Frederick  Went/,  a  native  o)  America,  but  ol  ucr- 
,„,,„  descent,  a  farmer'  by   occupation,  who  died  i„  Carroll  County.. Md..  when  nearly 


492  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

eighty  years  old.  David,  the  son  of  Frederick  Wentz,  was  born  and  died  in  Carroll 
County,  aged  eighty-two  years.  He  was  well  known  in  the  community,  was  a  prominent 
member  of  the  Lutheran  Church.  He  was  married  to  Catharine  Crouse,  a  native  of  Car- 
roll County,  Md.,  daughter  of  Michael  Crouse,  and  who  is  yet  living  in  Carroll  County, 
the  mother  of  eleven  children,  all  of  whom  are  living  but  two:  Valentine  C,  John  D., 
David  C,  Samuel,  William,  Noah,  Henry,  Louis  and  Mrs.  Lydia  Kemford.  Our  subject 
was  educated  in  his  native  State,  and  there  farmed  and  worked  at  carpentering  for  fifteen 
years.  In  April,  1870,  he  came  to  Mountpleasant  Township,  this  county,  where  he  has 
176  acres  of  land.  He  was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Mary  E.  Bankert,  also  a  native 
of  Carroll  County,  Md.,  daughter  of  Peter  Bankert.  Of  the  twelve  children  born  to  this 
union  ten  are  now  living:  Mary  J.,  William  P.,  Anna,  Emma,  Edward,  Martin,  Laura, 
Clara,  Ellen  and  Alverta.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  David  C.  Wentz  are  active  members  of  St.  Luke's 
Lutheran  Church.  Politically  he  is  identified  with  the  Democratic  party,  and  has  filled 
the  office  of  supervisor  two  terms,  being  re-elected  in  the  spring  of  1885. 


CHAPTER   LXV. 
TOWNSHIP  OF  OXFORD  &  BOROUGH  OF  NEW  OXFORD. 

MRS.  LEAH  DIEHL.  John  Adam  Diehl  and  wife  emigrated  to  this  country  from 
Germany  in  the  year  1731.  Their  descendants  to-day  are  numerous  and  are  singularly 
prosperous,  and  are,  with  a  few  exceptions,  stanch  Lutherans.  They  are  always  to  be 
found  on  the  moral  side  of  all  public  questions.  The  erection  and  maintenance  of  the 
Lutheran  Church  in  New  Oxford  was  and  is  due  in  a  marked  degree  to  the  energy  and 
liberality  of  that  portion  of  the  family  residing  in  and  around  the  village. 

This  original  couple  took  up  360  acres  of  fertile  land  in  what  is  now  known  as  Spring 
Garden  Township,  York  County.Penn., paying  an  English  agent  £12  ($60)  for  it.  To  this 
pair  were  born  four  sons:  Peter,  Daniel,  George  and  Nicholas.  Daniel  settled  in  Seven 
Valleys,  York  County;  George  in  Virginia,  and  Peter  and  Nicholas  in  Hellam  Township, 
York  County,  having  purchased  the  original  tract  from  the  heirs  after  the  death  of  their 
father. 

Peter,  the  grandfather  of  our  subject's  husband,  was  born  in  Germany,  and  was 
probably  three  years  old  when  his  father,  John  Adam,  came  to  this  country.  He  was 
married  in  1748,  and  had  a  family  of  six  children:  Peter,  Nicholas,  Jacob,  Daniel,  Eliza- 
beth, married  to  Henry  King,  and  Catharine,  married  to  John  Brillinger. 

Peter,  the  father  of  our  subject's  husband,  was  born  in  Hellam  Township,  York  Coun- 
ty, and  had  a  family  of  three  sons  and  four  daughters:  Daniel  (our  subject's  husband), 
George,  Jacob,  Elizabeth  Golden.  Sarah  Blair.  Mary  Albert  and  Susan  Diller.  This  fam- 
ily moved  into  Adams  County,  Peun.,  in  all  probability  about  the  year  1801,  settling  in  Ox- 
ford Township, having  purchased  a  large  tract  of  land  lying  along  the  Gettysburg  Turnpike 
and  reaching  from  the  village  of  New  Oxford  to  the  banks  of  the  Little  Conowago,  em- 
bracing several  hundred  acres  of  choice  laud.  Mr.  Diehl  paid  half  a  bushel  of  silver  for 
the  tract,  and  brought  the  money  from  Hellam  Township  to  New  Oxford  in  saddle-bags, 
thrown  across  the  back  of  his  horse,  It  is  said  the  animal  presented  a  sad  sight,  having 
been  sorely  blistered  by  the  weight  and  friction  of  the  coin.  Daniel  was  born  in  the  old 
mill  near  York,  which  (being  rebuilt)  is  still  in  possession  of  the  name,  and  was  fifteen 
years  old  when  the  family  moved  into  Adams  County.  His  birth  occurred  on  the  20th  of 
August.  1791.  His  first  marriage  was  with  Elizabeth  Carl,  October  26,  1809,  by  whom  he 
had  fifteen  children,  seven  of  whom  are  yet  living:  Amanda  Baehr,  Amelia  Butt,  Cath- 
arine Schaeffer,  Deliah  D.  Feiser.  Mary  E.  Wagner.  Jesse  (a  practical  farmer)  and  Carl,  a 
professional  teacher  of  high  rank  in  the  schools  of  Illinois.  These  remaining  seven  chil- 
dren are  all  married  and  prospering.  Mrs.  Diehl  died  September  19,  1833.  Mr.  Diehl 
married  again  on  the  22d  of  February,  183");  this  time  Leah  (Myers)  Baugher,  whose  name 
heads  this  sketch.  Her  parents.  John  and  Margaret  Myers,  now  deceased,  were  residents 
of  Bucks  County,  Penn..and  at  an  early  day  moved  to  York  County.settling  in  Warrington 
Township.  Mr.  Myers  was  an  educated  man,  being  able  to  converse  in  three  different  lan- 
guages. Two  of  his  sons  lost  their  lives  in  the  war  of  1812.  The  original  Myers  stock 
came  from  Holland  a  century  and  a  half  ago.  From  this  union  of  Daniel  Diehl  with  our 
subject  six  children  were  born:  Rebecca  (now  deceased);  Joseph  R.,  proprietor  of  the 
well-known  "Diehl's  Mill,"  on  the  banks  of  the  Little  Conowago;  Elijah,  a  scientific  farm- 
er, and  a  newspaper  correspondent  of  some  note;  Emma,  wife  of  Henry  Weikert,  a  suc- 
cessful farmer;  Samuel  A.,  a  rising  young  minister  in  the  Lutheran  Church,  who  has 
already  made  for  himself  a  name  for  usefulness,  and  Miriam,  wife  of  Jacob  Heltzel. 


OXFORD    TOWNSI11IV 


193 


PETER  DIEHL.  retired  farmer  and 'tanner,  1*.  0.  New  Oxford,  iaanative  oi  5Tork 
Countv  Penn  where  his  birth  occurred  in  1808,  having  descended  from  the  prominent 
and  influential  Family  of  Diehl,  who  Bettled  in  an  early  day  in  York  County,  and  whose 
histon  is  recorded  elsewhere  in  this  work.  His  parents  were  Daniel  and  Rosanna  Diehl. 
Peter  was  reared  in  York  County;  was  there  married  in  November,  1828,  to  AnnaM 
Smyser  whose  famih  wa<  one  of' prominence  in  York  County,  Daniel  Bmyser  having 
.  judge  on  the  bench  and  his  father,  George  Smyser,  our  of  the  early  a  jpciate 
judges  of  that  county.  Our  subject,  in  February,  1884,  after  bis  marriage,  located  mthe 
neighborhood  where  be  now  resides,  being  the  first  member  oi  Ins  family  to  Bettle  in  that 
vicinity  He  purchased  a  -mall  farm  and  in  connection  with  it  a  tannery,  thai  was  es- 
tablished in  1800 by  John  Slagle,  which  business  hecarried  on  successfully  for  many  years, 
retiring  therefrom  in  1S'W.  A  portion  of  his  land  lying  adjacent  to  NewOxford,  he 
had  it  laid  out  into  lots  and  platted,  and  it  now  forms  an  addition  to  the  borough.  In 
1880  he  erected  the  brick  mansion  in  which  he  now  reside-,  where  he  and  his  wife  are 
spending  the  evening  of  their  lives  together,  surrounded  with  all  comforts,  the  fruits  of 
their  industry  and  economy  in  former  veai's.  Kaeh  ha-  heen  a  member  of  the  Lutheran 
Church  since  1830,  and  they  have  contributed  liberally  to  its  support.  Time  has  dealt 
[y  u  ith  this  aged  couple,  «  bo  have  journeyed  together  through  a  period  oi  sixty  odd 
Sears,  and  are  in  reasonably  good  health  and  in  full  possession  of  all  their  faculties. 
Mr.  Diehl  is  now  the  oldest  person  livingin  New  Oxford.  He  remarks,  with  great  pride, 
that  since  1880  be  has  been  an  earnest  advocate  of  the  cause  of  temperance  and  was  the 

first  person  in  bisneighborh 1  to  openly  announce  his  principles,  which  were  instilled  m 

hi-  posterity,  and  some  of  hi-  sons,  all  grown,  never  have  tasted  intoxicating  liquors. 
( inr  subject",  in  his  younger  life,  \\  as  an  active  local  politician,  and  held  almost  every  of- 
fice in  the  township.  He  has  heen  a  good  business  man.  and  is  one  of  the  substantial  citi- 
zen- of  Adams  County.  He  was  at  one  time  a  director  of  the  Hanover  branch  oi  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  [n  1842  he  was  chosen  one  of  the  county  commissioners,  and  in 
is;:,  he  was  elected  a  director  of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Gettysburg,  a  position  lie 
still  retains.  To  this  couple  have  been  born  seven  sons  and  four  daughters  (ten  living), 
viz  Martin.  Israel.  .Jeremiah.  Henry,  Andrew,  Edward,  Charles,  Sarah  A.,  Louisa  S., 
Anna  M.  and  Elvira  . I.  October  r,  1883,  there  was  a  family  reunion  in  the  old  mansion, 
each  living  representative  being  present.  Israel  was  one  of  the  most  renowned  temper- 
orator- in  the  I  nited  States,  and  traveled  extensively  in  Europe.  Having  been  edu- 
cated for  a  Methodist  minister,  he  accomplished  a  great  work  prior  to  Ins  death,  which 
occurred  January  t.  187-V  Five  children  vet  remain  in  Adams  County,  all  arc  married 
and  doing  well  '  Sixty  three  years  of  married  life  have  sat  lightly  on  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Diehl. 
GEORCE  W.  DIEHL  (deceased)  was  a  native  of  Adams  County.  Penn.,  born  on  the 
homestead  located  on  the  banks  of  the  Little  Conovvago  Creek  July  '-':',,  1818.  His  par- 
ents were  Daniel  and  Elizabeth  (Carl)  Diehl.  the  history  of  whose  ancestors  is  given  in 
the  Bketch  of  Mrs.  Leah  Diehl.  Our  Bubject  was  twice  married— the  first  time  to  Susanna, 
daughter  of  George  Emig,  which  event  occurred  in  1840,  and  to  this  union  were  bom 
three  daughters:  Leah  E.,  Sarah  E.  and  Amanda.  Mrs.  Diehl  did!  in  1854,  and  in  1858 
Mr.  Diehl  was  married  to  Sarah,  daughter  of  John  Emig,  and  a  cousin  to  his  first  wife. 
To  the  second  marriage  one  son.  John  M.,  was  born,  who  died  in  infancy.  The  mother 
of  this  child  died  in  1883,  and  two  years  later  Mr.  Diehl  died,  leaving  one  daughter,  Miss 
Sarah  E  .  the  only  surviving  heir.  'Mr.  Diehl  was  a  substantial  citizen  and  a  useful  mem- 
ber of  society,  bight]  esteemed  and  respected  by  all.  His  daughter,  since  1885,  has  re- 
sided iii  New  Oxford  ,  ,  .  , 
ELIJAH  F.  DIEHL.  P.  O.  Leesburg,  Kosciusko  County,  [nd.,  son  of  Daniel  and 
Leah  Diehl.  whose  family  history  is  given  in  the  -ketch  of  the  latter,  was  born  near  New 
Oxford  Adams  Co.,  Penn.,  March  18,  1841.  He  attended  the  schools  of  the  neighbor- 
hood, supplemented  by  several  terms  m  Dr.  PfeifTer's  College,  at  New  Oxford.  At  lin- 
age of  seventeen  be  began  teaching  in  Mountpleasant  Township,  winch  occupation  he 
followed  until  1862.  [n  August  of  that  year  lie  enlisted  in  Company  B,  One  Hundred  and 
Thirty-eighth  Regiment  Pennsylvania   Volunteer  Infantry,  and  served  in  the  Army  of 

the  Potomac.      After  hi-  service  in   the   army   lie   went  to  Leesburg.  Kosciusko   Co.,  Intl., 

and  there  taught  school  one  term;  thence  he  went  to  St.  Joseph,  Mo.,  "here  he  was 
again  for  a  time  engaged  in  school  teaching.  He  then  returned  to  Leesburg,  where,  in 
1867  he  was  married  to  Miss  M.  Annie  Berst,  and  to  them  have  been  born  the  following 
named  children:  Willis  Edwin,  Leah  Hulda,  Miriam  Alice,  Henry  Albert,  Man  ,  Lama 
Kate  Ruth  (deceased)  and  Carl  8anford.  After  his  marriage  Mr.  Diehl  took  charge  of 
one  of  his  father-in-law's  farms,  and  for  several  years  during  the  winter  months,  in  con- 
nection with  farming,  was  employed  in  teaching  school.  Since  1880  he  has  served  as  as- 
sessor, and  during  that  year  and  in  1886  was  land  appraiser,  and  is  now  tilling  hi-  third 
term  Conrad  Berst,  paternal  grandfather  of  Mrs.  Diehl,  was  born  near  stra-hurg,  <.er 
many,  in  1779,  and  immigrated  to  America  in  1798,  and  in  1807  married  Catherine  (inn 
ther,  of  Lancaster  County,  Penn.,  whose  birth  occurred  in  that  county  in  178,.  Her 
father  was  a  soldier  in  the  Revolutionary  war,  and  died  of  wounds  received  at  the  battle 
of  Bunker  Hill.     Henry  Berst.  the  fourth  of  thirteen  children  and  father  of  Mrs.  Diehl, 


494  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

was  born  in  Lancaster  County  August  28,  1814.  In  1829  the  family  moved  to  Butler 
County,  and  in  1832  to  Erie  County,  Penn.;  thence  Henry  went,  in  1836,  to  Kosciusko 
County,  Ind.,  where  he  purchased  a  large  tract  of  land  on  Big  Turkey  Creek  prairie  and 
adjoining  it.  In  1837  his  parents,  two  brothers  and  two  sisters,  located  in  this  locality, 
where  the  mother  died  in  1849,  and  the  father  in  1859.  Henry  Berst's  marriage  with  Mary 
A.  James  occurred  June  14,  1840,  and  to  them  were  born  eleven  children,  of  whom  Mrs. 
Diehl  is  the  fifth,  born  June  17,  1848.  Her  maternal  ancestors  came  to  America  prior  to 
the  war  for  independence,  the  Jameses  from  England,  the  Wards  from  Ireland.  Her 
grandfather.  James  Ross  James,  was  born  in  Sussex  County,  Del.,  in  1796.  and  his  wife, 
«('(  Lavina  Ward,  in  the  same  county  in  1797.  The}'  were  married  in  1817,  moved  to  Pick- 
awaj  county,  Ohio,  in  1822,  and  to  Kosciusko  County,  Ind..  in  1837.  Mrs.  James  died  in 
1864".  and  her  husband  in  1871.  Mary  A.  James,  mother  of  Mrs.  Diehl,  was  born  January 
31,  1819,  in  Sussex  County.  Del.  The  Berst  and  James  families  stand  high  in  the  estima- 
tion of  the  people  of  their  respective  communities,  and  members  of  both  families  filled 
important  official  positious  in  the  war  of  the  Rebellion. 

JOSEPH  R.  DIEHL.  miller.  P.  O.  New  Oxford,  is  a  native  of  Adams  Count}-,  Penn.. 
born  June  3,  1838,  near  the  old  mill  in  Oxford  Township,  which,  since  1790,  has  been  in 
possession  of  the  Diehl  family,  first  owned  and  carried  on  by  Peter  Diehl,  the  grandfather 
of  Joseph  R.  The  parents  of  the  latter  were  Daniel  and  Leah  (Myers)  Baugher  Diehl, 
the  history  of  whose  ancestors  appears  in  the  sketch  of  Mrs.  Leah  Diehl.  Joseph  R.  at- 
tended the  common  schools  of  his  neighborhood,  and  completed  his  studies  at  the  college 
or  academy  of  Dr.  Pfeiffer,  located  in  New  Oxford.  In  1854,  he  was  employed  as  clerk 
for  one  year  for  William  D.  and  Alexander  S.  Himes,  and  then  entered  the  employ  of 
Aaron  Heagy,  with  whom  he  remained  three  years.  After  this  he  learned  the  miller's 
trade,  with'George  W.  Diehl.  In  1860  he  again  engaged  in  mercantile  business  with  .Mr. 
Heagy,  and  March  4,  1862.  was  united  in  marriage  with  Katie,  daughter  of  Elias  and  Eliz- 
abeth Slagle.  The  domestic  life  of  our  subject  and  wife  was  commenced  in  the  old 
Diehl  mansion,  and  Mr.  Diehl  took  charge  of  the  mill  near  by.  In  1863,  after  the  death 
of  his  father,  he  purchased  the  mill,  since  which  time  he  has  been  engaged  in  the  milling 
business.  To  the  marriage  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Diehl  have  been  born  three  sons  and  one 
daughter:  Charles  E.,  Martin  D.,  Alverta  L.  and  Ervin  J.  Charles  E.  has  received  a  com- 
mercial education,  and  is  now  engaged  in  mercantile  business  in  New  Oxford.  The  oth- 
ers are  still  with  their  parents.  Both  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Diehl  have  been  lifelong  member^  of 
the  Lutheran  Church,  of  the  council  of  which  he  has  been  a  member  for  a  quarter  of  a 
century.  Mr.  Diehl  has  for  many  years  been  earnestly  devoted  to  and  interested  in  the 
cause  of  education,  and  has  since  1870  been  secretary  of  the  school  board  and  a  director. 
A  Republican  by  education  and  principle,  he  has  always  voted  with  that  party,  and  was, 
in  1884  their  candidate  for  county  commissioner,  but  was  defeated  by  a  small  majority  in 
a  strong  Democratic  county. 

JOSEPH  S.  GITT,  civil  engineer,  P.  O.  New  Oxford,  is  descended  from  one  James 
Gitt,  who.  with  his  wife,  Mary  Magdalena,  came  to  this  country,  he  from  Ireland  and  his 
wife  from  Germany,  about  the  year  1740,  and  settled  in  the  "Pigeon  Hills."  near  Han- 
over. His  memory  was  a  most  retentive  one,  and  to  him  his  descendants  are  indebted  for 
many  reminiscences.  The  red  man  still  occupied  the  land,  and  the  site  of  Hanover  was 
still  a  primeval  forest.  At  that  date  he  was  a  constable  in  the  service  of  his  Britannic 
Majesty.  Hanover  was  controlled  by  the  British,  and  the  town  in  its  early  settlement 
was  known  as  a  "town  of  refuge."  or  "  rogues'  harbor."  William,  their  only  son.  was 
born  in  a  cabin  among  the  hills. "October  15,  1746.  Five  years  later  his  parents  came  to 
Hanover,  and  the  father  disappeared  and  was  never  heard  from.  His  son  purchased  a 
farm  in  Adams  County,  and  was  there  married  to  Magdalena.  who  was  born  November 
13.  17."i7,  and  died  October  14,  1826.  Mary,  the  wife  of  James  Gitt.  was  born  September 
'.*;.  1720,  and  lived  to  the  remarkable  ageof  one  hundred  and  three  years.  William  and 
Magdalena  Gitt  were  the  parents  of  Jacob,  George  Henry,  William  and  Daniel,  and  left 
seventy  grand  and  great-grandchildren  to  represent  them.  William  and  Magdalena, 
grandparents  of  Joseph  S.,  died  on  the  farm  of  Daniel  Gitt,  in  Adams  County,  he  at  the  age 
of  ninety-eight  years,  and  she  when  upward  of  eighty  years.  Our  subject  was  born  near 
McSherrystown,  Penn.,  September  9,  1815,  a  son  of  Daniel  and  fLydia  Gitt,  the  former 
born  near  New  Oxford,  this  county,  the  latter,  a  daughter  of  David  and  Catherine  Slagle, 
and  now  living  at  the  advanced  age  of  eighty-eight  years.  Daniel  ami  his  wife  resided  ' 
more  than  half  a  century  upon  the  spot  where  they  first  settled;  then  moved  to  McSher- 
rystown and  finally  to  Hanover,  in  York  County.  The  children,  Joseph  S.,  Henry,  David. 
Maria,  Permelia,  Alexander.  Nathaniel.  Howard,  Walter  and  Belinda  were  born  and 
reared  in  this  county,  and  are  all  living  but  three.  Joseph  S.  was  educated  at  Gettysburg 
College,  and  in  1836  was  rodman  on  the  "  Old  Tape-worm"  Railroad.  He  taught  school 
near  his  father's  farm  two  years,  and  was  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Herald,  Democrat, 
Planter  and  Weekly  News,  at  Hanover  for  four  years.  In  March,  1841,  he  was  married  to 
Anna  M.  Bachman,  and  one  daughter,  Alice  L.,  now  the  wife  of  Frederick  G.  Stark,  jew- 
eler at  Hanover,  was  born  to  them  in  that  borough.  In  1846  Mr.  Gitt  removed  to  Car- 
lisle, and  commenced  the  publication  of  the  Pennsylvania  Statesman,  a  semi-weekly  Dem- 


OXFORD    TOWNSHIP.  195 

ocrntic  paper,  and  also  the    I  at,  which  he  sold  four  years  later,  and 

moved  bai  k  to  Hanover  and  published  a  campaign  paper,  and  also  conducted  a  book-store 
and  bindery.  The  absorbing  topic  of  that  daj  was  the  building  of  the  Hanover  Branch 
Railroad,  and  he  was  engaged  as  assistant  engineer  upon  thai  line  continually  until  its 
completion  when  he  moved  to  Media,  Delaware  Co.,  Penn  .  and  accepted  a  position  as 
chief  engineerol  the  Philadelphia  &  Westchester  Railroad.     When  the  Gettysburg  & 

3  were  built,  he  assumed  charge  of  them  in  a  similar  capacity,  1 

later  performed  his  flrst  service  on  the  Western  Maryland  Railroad      He  afterward  pei 
formed   d  nee  on   the  European*  North  American  Railroad     i 

Me.  to  New  Brunswick;  later  he  assumed  the  Bame  position  on  the  Harrisburg<&  Potomac 
and  Hanover  4  \  ork  Railroad;  also  on  the  Bachman  Valley  Railroad,  the  Emmittsburg.Md., 

I  the  Berlin  branch,  and  numerous  Burveys  tor  proposed  lines,  traveling,  while 
making  these  surveys,  18,580  miles,  he  is  still  engaged  by  the  Hanover  Junction,  Hanovei 

jburs  Railroad,  bul  will  soon  retire  from  active  service.  Fourchildren,  thi  om 
above  mentioned,  Luther  B.  (deceased)  was  born  at  Carlisle;  Maria  I.,  was  born  at  Hanover, 
and  A.la  M.  (deceased)  born  al  New  Oxford,  comprised  the  family,  of  whom  Maria  I.  is  thi 

William  G.  Smyser,  civil  engineer,  novi  located  al  ropeka,  Has.  During  his  busy 
\l  Gin  has  beenaverj  successful  man.  ami  will  now  retire  with  a  competent 
estlj  earned.  Hswasthe  first  president  of  the  borough  council  of  New  Oxford,  and  ha  bi 
a  member  continuously  up  to  date.  For  nearly  forty  years  Mr.  Gitt  has  been  a  membei 
ofthe  I.  0.  0.  F.,  and  with  his  wife  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  In 
politics  he  is  a  Republican.  He  is  liberal  and  progressive  in  all  affairs  of  public  benefit 
ami  improvement.  He  is  also  a  trustee  and  mi  the  building  committee  of  the  new  Meth- 
odist Episcopal  Church  inprogress  of  erection  in  Nc«  Oxford. 

JACOB  HELTZEL.  The  ancestorsof  our  subjei-l  —  citizens  of  the  Palatinate— shipped 
onboard  the  "  William  and  Sarah  -'  with  400  Other  Palatines  in  the  year  I  ,'-'..  and  came 
to  this  country  to  find  a  retreat  from  religious  persecution.  These  early  progenitors  of 
tin-  Heltzel  family  settled  in  the  county  of  York.  Peine,  on  a  large  tract  of  land,  and  were 
the  parents  of  four  sons:  Nicholas,  Stephen.  Philip  and  one  whose  name  i-  not  known; 
the  last  son  and  two  uncles  on  the  maternal  side  were  slain  in  the  Involutional 
the  two  Latter  in  the  battle  of  Long  Island.  The  old  gentleman,  prior  to  his  shippi 
\imii.i  being  somewhat  prominent  in  the  Palatinate,  was,  on  account  of  the  persecu- 
leputized  to  petition  the  Crown  for  protection.  Nicholas  Heltzel  was  married  to 
Catharine  Hershinger,  and  with  the  grandfather  of  our  subject  moved  to  Adams  County 
in  1822  settling  in  Mountpleasant  Township.  Five  Children  were  born  oi  this  union. 
viz  ■  Christina  Greenawalt;  Jacob,  a  bachelor;  Daniel,  a  farmer  and  hatter,  who,  alter  a 
retired  life  of  twenty-five  years,  died  July  '->«.  1879,  at  the  age  of  eighty  years;  Catherine 

McMaster;   and  Nicholas,  a  printer  the  former  part    of    his  lif".  and  during  the  latter  part 

an  extensive  farmer;  he  represented  Adams  County  in  the  Legislature  during  tie 
l-;;  >,  and  filled  other  important  places  of  trust. 

Daniel  our  subject's  father,  married  Elizabeth  Voglesong (whose  ancestry  came  from 
Germany)  January  10,  1824,    To  this  couple  eleven  children  wen-  born,  viz.;    Lucj  Ann 

a  soldier  in  the  regular    army,  who  lost  his  life  on  the 

frontier.  Caroline,  deceased;  Daniel,  who  served  three  years  in  the  infantrj  service  oi 

the  United  Sta  late  war,  and  who  was  captured  at  Winchester  and  taken  to 

Danville,  where    he    died  the   miserable   death   of  starvation;  Franklin,  a    carpenter  and 

an;  Alfred,  a  car  inspector  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  and   who  ga 

■  defense  of  hi-  country;  .Martin,  a  confectioner,  who  served  m  the 
rn     Pennsylvania;   William,  a   carpenter   and   soldier   for    three  years: 

John  (deceased),  a  printer  ana  telegraph  operator,  and  who  was  employed  a-  proof-reader 

on  the  new  constitution  of  Pennsylvania,  ami  Jacob.    The-  latter  was  horn  September 

:    and  was  married  to  Miriam  Diehl  (youngesl  daughter  of  a  family  of  twenty-one 

children)  June  1,1871.     His  life  was  made  up  of  clerking,  teaching,  justice  oi    the  peace, 

census  enumerator,  in  1880,  and  of  filling  the  different  offices  of  the    district   Hi  which  he 

resides,  lie  i-  at  present  engaged  in  manufacturing  infants'  and  children's  .-hoes  for  the 
wholesale  trad.-.    The  famih  an-  Btricl  adherents  to  the  faith  of  the  Reformation. 

.1    W    HENDRIX,  M.  D.  (deceased),  was  a  native  of  York  County,  Penn.,  born  near 

Shrewsbury,  in  May,  1823.     His  parents  were  Joseph  and  Nam  \  Hendrix.     Our  subject 

iredon  hi- father's  farm,  and  received  his  scholastic  education  in  the  State  ol  Mary- 

I  tie'  -ludvof  medicine  under  Dr.  tleary,  Si\.  al  Shrewsbury,  in  1  ork 

County,  and  subsequently  graduated    in    medicine  from   the  University    pi   Maryland.      In 

practitioner  ol  medicine  al  New  Oxford,  where  he  continued  in  his 
;  bis  death,  which  occurred  May  26,  1885.  November  I,  1852,  Dr.  Hendrix 
was  united  in  marriagewitb  Mis-  Helen,  the  daughter  of  Col.  George  and  Helen  (Barnitz) 
i  imily  history  i-  given  elsewhere  in  this  volume,  The  Doctor  b  widow  was 
born  in  what  was  called  'Butcher  Frederick's  Stand."  an  inn.  and  the  first  hon  i 
in  New  Oxford  Hi-  Hendrix  was  one  of  the  borough's  useful  andmosl  esteemed  citi- 
zens His  popularity  as  a  gentleman,  pie.  usiness  man  of  enterprise  made  him 
the  unanimous  choice  of  the  citizen-  for  the  office  of  burgess,  to  which  he  was  elected  at 


496  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

the  first  election  held  for  the  borough  officers  in  October,  1874.  To  this  office  he  was  con- 
tinuously re-elected  until  his  failing  health  caused  him  to  decline  a  nomination  the  year 
of  his  death.  As  a  public-spirited  citizen  and  an  advocate  of  everything  pertaining  to  the 
advancement  of  social  and  educational  interests,  he  had  no  peers.  Both  he  and  his  wife 
were  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  from  childhood,  and  his  death  deprived 
that  body  of  one  of  its  most  faithful  workers.  His  widow  recently  purchased  the  lot  at 
the  corner  of  Pitt  and  Hanover  Streets,  New  Oxford,  and  donated  this  and  $1,000  cash  to- 
ward the  new  edifice,  which  will  be  completed  this  year.  Dr.  Hendrix  left  no  heir  to  per- 
petuate his  name,  but  his  good  deeds  will  remain  enshrined  forever  in  the  hearts  of  those 
who  knew  him.  Modest  and  retiring  in  disposition,  but  earnest  in  everything  undertaken, 
he  made  a  success  of  his  business  life,  and  leaves  his  widow  in  easy  circumstances.  She 
resides  in  the  mansion  where  so  man}7  years  of  happiness  were  spent  with  her  devoted 
husband.  For  a  number  of  years  the  Doctor  was  a  trustee  of  Dickinson  College,  and 
made  liberal  donations  from  his  private  purse  to  that  institution.  He  was  also  one  of  the 
committee  that  erected  the  scientific  building  connected  with  that  college. 

WILLIAM  D.  HIMES,  retired  merchant,  P.  0.  New  Oxford,  is  a  native  of  Adams 
County,  Penn.,  born  at  New  Oxford  May  29,  1812.  His  father,  Col.  George  Himes,  a  son 
of  Francis  Himes,  of  Hanover,  York  County,  was  born  December  16,  1775.  and  was  mar- 
ried to  Helen  Catherine  Barnitz,  whose  birth  occurred  in  1787,  and  in  1810  removed  from 
Hanover.  York  County,  Penn.,  to  New  Oxford,  where  he  purchased  from  John  Hersh 
and  took  charge  of  a  tavern,  known  as  "Butcher  Frederick's  Stand,"  the  first  inn  or 
tavern  built  in  the  place,  and  this  he  conducted  until  1828.  Iu  the  early  muster  days  he  was 
commissioned  a  colonel  of  a  regiment  of  State  militia,  and  bore  the  title  through  life.  The 
wife  of  Col.  Himes  was  adanghter  of  Daniel  and  Susan  (Eichelbarger)  Barnitz,  the  former 
of  whom  served  as  fife  major  throughout  the  Revolutionary  war,  and  whose  family  was 
one  of  note  in  York  County.  The  first  son  born  to  Col.  George  Himes  was  Charles  F., 
who  was  graduated  from  Dickinson  College,  and  read  law  with  Hon.  Thaddeus  Stevens 
before  being  admitted  to  the  bar.  He  became  one  of  the  first  engineer  corps  that  surveyed 
the  route  taken  by  the  old  "Tapeworm  Railroad,"  and  was  a  man  of  great  promise.  His 
death  occurred  July  23,  1838.  The  other  children  were  as  follows:  William  D.,  Susan  C, 
(who  became  the  wife  of  Thomas  Himes);  Anna  M.,  (married  to  Rev.  James  H.  Brown); 
George  B.  (married  to  Elizabeth  Eby);  Elizabeth  C.  (married  to  John  R.  Hersh);  Helen,  the 
widow  of  Dr.  Joseph  W.  Hendrix,  and  Alexander  S.  Our  subject  was  schooled  in  his  na- 
tive town,  and  learned  the  tanner's  trade.  May  23,  1836,  he  married  Magdalene,  daughter 
of  Christian  Lauius,  of  York,  and  to  them  were  born  eight  children:  Edwin  (died  in  in- 
fancy), Charles  F.,  Helen  A.  (wife  of  Rev.  William  H.  'Keith),  James  L..  Mary  E.,  Sarah 
M.  (died  in  childhood),  William  A.  and  Harry  O.  After  marriage  Mr.  Himes  engaged  in 
mercantile  business  in  Lancaster  County,  where  he  remained  three  years;  disposed  of  his 
stock  and  returned  to  New  Oxford  and  managed  his  father's  business,  who  for  many 
years,  in  company  with  John  and  Charles  Hann,  had  been  extensively  engaged  in  mining 
enterprises  in  York  County.  These  were  subsequently  purchased  and  carried  on  by 
Himes,  Curran  &  Himes.  William  D.  is  still  in  possession  of  the  furnace  property.  In 
1858  Mr.  Himes  engaged  in  mercantile  business  at  New  Oxford,  which  he  carried  on  until 
1863,  when  he  retired  from  active  business  life,  flince  1842  he  has  been  officially  con- 
nected with  the  Bank  of  Gettysburg,  a  National  Bank  since  1866,  and  in  1884  was  chosen 
vice-president  of  that  institution.  For  forty  years  he  has  been  a  director  of  the  York  & 
Gettysburg  Turnpike  Company,  and  for  fifteen  years  president  of  the  Petersburg  ifc  Gettys- 
burg Turnpike  Company.  He  also  served  as  president  of  the  first  and  only  building  and 
loan  association  organized  in  New  Oxford,  in  which  $60,000  were  handled  without  the  loss 
of  a  penny  and  without  suit  to  any  stockholder.  He  was  president  of  the  New  Oxford 
Cemetery  Association  for  ten  years.  As  a  business  man  he  has  been  successful.  He  Is 
the  oldest  man  now  living  in  this  borough  that  was  born  in  New  Oxford.  Mrs.  Himes 
died  September  25,  1874.  Charles  F..  Ph.  D.,  son  of  our  subject,  is  now  professor  of 
science  and  mathematics  in  Dickinson  College,  and  was  a  professor  in  the  female  semi- 
nary at  Baltimore,  Md.,  and  in  Troy  University,  N.  Y.,  after  which  he  went  to  Europe, 
and  as  a  pupil  attended  the  university  at  Giesen,  Germany,  for  eighteen  months.  He  is 
the  author  of  numerous  text  books,  and  is  authority  in  photographic  science.  He  Was  one 
of  the  number  recently  appointed  by  the  government  to  photograph  an  eclipse  of  the  sun. 
His  wife  was  Mary  E.  Murray.  James  L.,  another  son  of  our  subject,  was  graduated 
from  Dickinson  College,  studied  law  with  Erastus  Weiser.was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  York 
County,  and  died  in  1881,  leaving  a  widow,  Bellmina  E.  (Kline)  Himes.  Mary  E.,  a 
daughter  of  William  B.  Himes,  was  married  to  Lieut.  Freemont  M.  Hendrix,  and  after  his 
death  became  the  wife  of  J.  W.  Kilpatricfe,  professor  of  natural  sciences  in  Central  Col- 
lege, Fayette.  Mo.  William  A.,  another  son  of  William  D.  Himes.  was  educated  in  Dick- 
inson College,  from  which  he  graduated;  was  married  in  1877  to  Kate  W.  Gitt;  and  is  now 
a  dealer  in  coal  and  lumber,  at  New  Oxford.  Harry  O.,  the  youngest  son  of  our  subject, 
was  educated  in  Cornell  University,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  and  is  now  professor  of  music  in  a  fe- 
male seminary  at  Ashville,  N.  C. 


OXFORD  TOWNSHIP. 


I  '.IT 


\l  PXANDER  S.  HIMES,  P    0.  Knv  Oxford,  youngest  sonol  Col.  George  and 
Eelen  Canine  (Barnita)  Bimes,  whose  family,  historj  is  given  m  the  sketch  ol  wiMam 

,,  „„...  is  a  native  of  Adams  County,  -n  Id  the  old  family  mansion ,  at  New  Oxford, 

,  i  ,"•,'• '.r'is-js     H,.  received  ir  education,  oral  attending  Oak  Ridge  A.cademy  a 

'  l  ,'t  Mhoni  al  Gettysburg;  then  pursued  a  course  of  Btudy  in  the  academy  ofDr.  Pfeii 
wfwOxford     Two  year  later  he  engaged  with  Thomas  Bimes  his  brother  in  law, 
tanMrcantile  bu  iness  in  Lancaster  County,  where  he.was  occupied  two  years  and  in 
comp.in    withhis  brothel  in-law,   whowas  interested  in  the  Margaretta   furnace,  took 
e0f  a  store  in  that  vicinity.    One  year  later  he  entered    he  employ  ol  John  A  Wei- 
fork.    Then  « 'his  father  occurred  and_ Alexander 

S ni.  nil- 1 Y>  Hi-'  home  of  his  «>"'  "«?  brother^  William  D., 

r,'i .-'.  '  "  .... trcantile  business,  in  which  he  continued  until  1861.  In  870  Mr.  Bimeswas 
,,uT't.  M,.  Sarah  P.  Reed,  daughter  of  Hon.  R.  G.  Harper,  of  Gettysburg.  Oneson 
Haroer  \  has  blessed  this  union.  Soon  after  his  marriage  Mr.  Bimes  again  engaged  in 
mercantile  business  in  New  Oxford,  .....l  two  years  later  disposed  of  the  same  to  m 
nenhew  George  T  Himes.  In  1866  Alexander  5.  Bimeswas  elected  a  director  of  the 
Fu-i  National  Bank  of  Banover,  and  has  since  held  the  same  p  .siti.m.  He  was.  prior  to 
{",■„;  adirectorol  the  bank  of  Gettysburg.  Bis  attention  is  now  devoted.to  themanage- 
n^t  of  Ids  extensive  f  arms  in  Adams  County.  Bis  handsome  residence  in  New  Oxford 
was  ■  ee  ted  he  vear  of  his  marriage,  every  brick  of  which  Mr.  Bimes  selected  with  his 
own  h'a.'ls  Eli  Roth  was  the  builder,  and  the  Bite  was  purchased  of  .loin,  K.  Bersb.upon 
which  was  formerly  located  the  first  tannery  in  the  borough. 

PAP-TAIN  1  VMKS  LEECE  landlord  6f  the  "Eagle  House."  New  Oxford,  was  born  in 
YorkCountv"  Penn  M a\  .'  1^:;:,.  -"„  of  .lames  and  Elizabeth  (Palmer)  Leece.  the  former 
of  whom  was' a  native  of  Conewago  Township,  York  Co.,  Penn  and  lor  a  time  operated 
an  if'  ton-  at  York,  .lames  Leece.  Sr.,  was  married  about  1833,  and  to  the  union  were 
b\)TflTOchMren:  James,  Jacob,  Sarah.  Benjamin  and  Rebecca  of  whom  the  captain  is 
the  only  resident  of  Adams  County.  George  and  Elizabeth  1'almer.  the  parents  ol  Mrs. 
KbethLeece.  were  among  the  earliest  -  ttlers  of  fork  County,  and  lived  to  the  rare 
aeeTof  ninety  nine  and  ninety  two  years.  ,-.  spectively.  The  latter  wasa  daughter  of  one 
of  the  Bentzels  and  both  she  and  her  husband  were  bom.  married,  lived  and  died  in  York 
County  George  Palmer  and  the  Bentzels  were  soldiers  of  the  Revolution;  one  of  the  lat- 
ter (co.ee  Bentte]  was  i  captain  in  that  war.  The  ruber  of  Elizabeth  Palmer  was  the 
first  mill.-r  in  Conewago  Township,  York  County,  and  built  the  first  mill.  Our  subject, 
wh en vmni:.  learned  U.e  nail  making  trade  under  his  father.     Cn     355  be  enlisted  ...  the 

re,'ul,r  army  and  in  ISM  was  married  to  Catherine  Kelly,  of  Leavenworth,  Kas.,  at 
which  tort  he  was  stationed,  beingat  that  time  quartermaster  sergeant  in  Company  K, 
F  it  Regiment    Onited  States  Regular  Cavalry.    At  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  service 

tl  ey  catne  to  York,  where  Mr.  l.eeee  was  engaged  in  Stock-dealing  until  1862  He  then 
raised  Co.npa.n  K.  One  Bundred  and  Thirtieth  Regiment,  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  In- 
fantry Of  which  company  he  was  commissioned  first  lieutenant,  and  soon  afterward  was 
promoted  to  acaptafney.  Hi-  regiment  participated  in  the  battles,,  Antietam  South 
Mountain,  Fredericksburg  and  ChancellorsviUe.    His  term  of  service  having  at  this  tone 

expired,  be  returned  home,  and  in  is,',:!  organized  Company  K.  Thirteenth  Regiment  Vol- 
unteer Calvary  of  which  he  was  made  captain.  The  command  was  at  Brandy  Bta 
SonWarrenton  Junction,  Bull  Hun.  Mine  Run,  and  in  numerous  skirmishes  with  Mos- 
Ws  guerrillas,  battle  of  the  Wilderness  and  on  to  Richmond.    Capt.  Leece  was  three 

times  wounded,  and   is  01 f   the  tew  who  have   made  no  application    lor  a   pension.      He 

ropric.or  of  the  "  Eagle  Bojise,"  at  New  Oxford,  and  has  »;,,,:,!,  w.ib  him  in  toe 
hotel a  "on  Louis,  who  was  married  to  I.ydia  A  I  llemUer  on  the  4th  of  February.  1885. 
The  hotel  is  inviting,  and  is  properly  kept  in  every  way.     The  Captain  also  owns  a  fine 

"jACOB  M  Utr'lN  (deceased)  was  a  native  of  Adams  County,  born  in  the  village  oi 

NewOxfordOD  the  1st  of  Mav.  1806.  His  parents  were  Matthias  and  Elizabeth  (Mar- 
snail)  Martin  highly  respected  peo]  i  County.  Our  subject  was  a  tailor  by 
Srie  wnich  occupation  he  commenced  in  1831,  and  aftei  following  it  forapenodof  ten 
years.!,,-  eon, need  mere ilc  bu  iness  for  himself,  in  which  I,  ed  for  eight- 
een years  Be  <  I  npathizing  and  confiding  nature,  which  brought  upon  I,,,. 
embankments  in  a  financial  nay.  and  favors  extended  to  acquaintances  and  friends 
Drovedannancial  ruin  to  him.  i  i  of  ten  years  after  retiring  from  mercantile 
b  urines s  he  managed  the  "Eagle  Hotel."  Be  was  twice  married;  first,  to  Catherine 
!,,■.  bTwhom  he  bad  two  sons,  Franklin  and  Anthony  M  bothsoldiers  ,n  the  late 
war  the  Ian,,-  serving  ;,-  first  lieut,  nant  of  Company  I,  Eighty-Seventh  Reg.mcn.  Penn- 
Syh-ania  Volunteei  fnfantry.  Be  was  subsequently  promoted  to  adjutant  .and  was  k,  1  d 
atMonacaci  Junction,  Md.  The  Adjutant  Mart...  Post,  No  510,  G.  A.  R.,  at  Not  Ox- 
ford, I  „;,n,ed  in  bit  honor.  Three  years  after  the  death  of  bis  first  wife  ^-Martin was 
united  in  marriage  with  Lydia  Smith,  a  daughter  oi  Jacob  and  I  athanne  (Foljovs .  SnMth, 
of  A(i:  tad  of  this  union  were  born  five  children:  Lizzie  and JJarry,  who 
passed  childhood' year,  (no*   deceased)  and  three  who  died  in  infancy.    Mr.  Martins 

26A 


498  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

death  occurred  May  10,  1885.  He  lived  a  long  and  useful  life,  which  was  passed  in  New 
Oxford.  He  was  a  devoted  Catholic  (to  which  church  his  widow  belongs),  and  donated 
the  lot  and  aided  largely  in  building  the  church  at  New  Oxford. 

DAVID  J.  A.  MELHORN,  justice  of  the  peace,  P.  O.  New  Oxford,  is  a  native  of 
Adams  County,  Penn.,  born  near  McSherrystown  April  14,  1833.  His  great-grandfather 
was  Simon  Melhorn,  a  native  of  Suabia,  in  South  Germany,  where  his  birth  occurred 
September  3,  1725.  and  when  young  was  brought  by  his  parents  to  America,  the  family 
settling  in  this  county.  Here  Simon  married  Anna  Barbara  Dubbs,  and  located  at  what 
is  now  McSherrystown,  and  to  this  union  wore  born  four  sons  and  one  daughter,  of  which 
children  David  was  the  grandfather  of  our  subject.  David  was  born  at  what  is  now 
McSherrystown,  this  county,  August  19,  1761,  and  in  1784,  was  married  to  Rosanna 
Swartz,  whose  birth  occurred  near  Littlestown,  this  county,  January  28,  1763,  and  in 
McSherrystown  they  settled  and  lived  during  their  married  life,  to  their  death,  which  oc- 
curred— David's  on  May  24,  1831,  and  Rosanna's  on  June  28,  1816.  To  them  were  born 
eight  children:  Mary,  Elizabeth,  Simon,  John,  .7.  Henry,  J.  Michael  J.  Jacob,  and  Daniel. 
J.  Jacob,  the  father  of  our  subject,  was  born  December  23,  1801,  and  when  about  eight- 
een years  of  age  married  Catharine  Reigle  (born  April  6,  1796),  a  daughter  of  Henry 
Reigle,  whose  wife  was  a  Miss  Greisher.  J.  Jacob  Melhorn  and  his  wife  located  near 
McSherrystown  and  there  resided  several  years,  when  they  bought  property  south  of  that 
village,  where  they  resided  until  1849,  and  where  all  of  theirchildren  were  born, viz. :  Henry 
Mary  Ann,  Harriet,  Emanuel,  Rosanna  E.  A.,  Catharine,  David  J.  A.,  Caroline  and  Flora. 
From  1849  until  his  death,  which  occurred  October  6,  1880,  Jacob  lived  on  various  farms 
and  in  different  places  in  Adams  County,  occupied  mainly  as  a  farmer,  though  latterly  he 
was  emphrytd  as  a  school-teacher.  Toward  the  latter  part  of  the  decade  between  1860  and 
1870  he  was  elected  to  the  office  of  prothonotary  of  Adams  County  and  served  three  years. 
He  was  for  upward  of  twenty  consecutive  years  chosen  as  justice  of  the  peace  of  his 
township,  and  for  many  years  taught  school.  His  wife  died  July  17,  1869,  and  he  was 
subsequently  married  to  Mrs.  Thoman  a  widow.  Our  subject  worked  at  agricultural  pur- 
suits for  his  father  until  twenty  years  of  age;  then  began  teaching  school,  first  in  Reading 
Township.  In  1852  he  commenced  learning  the  plastering  trade  with  Jacob  Melhorn  and 
Absalom  Aulabach,  near  Hanover,  and  after  finishing  it  worked  at  the  same  during  the 
summer  seasons  (teaching  school  during  the  winters)  a  portion  of  time  in  Delaware 
County,  Ind.,  for  eight  months.  He  then  returned  home,  and  on  January  22,  1861,  was 
married  to  Sarah  L.  Bender,  a  daughter  of  Daniel  Bender 'of  Hamilton' Township,  this 
county.  The  latter,  when  quite  young,  came  from  Lancaster  County,  and  was  here  mar- 
ried to  Mary  Spangler,  a  daughter  of  George  Spangler  of  East  Berlin.  Our  subject  and 
wife  began  their  married  ,lii'e  in  Mountpleasant  Township,  where  a  child,  Jacob  Daniel, 
was  born  to  them  January  5,  1862,  which  died  August  25  of  the  same  year.  During  the 
years  1863  and  1864  Mr.  Melhorn  was  engaged  in  the  butchering  business  in  partnership 
with  his  father.  In  1868  he  sold  his  property  in  Mountpleasant  Township,  and  moved  to 
New  Oxford,  where  he  engaged  in  photographing,  and  in  the  spring  of  1869  he  became  a 
partner  with  D.  S.  Bender  in  the  grain  and  produce  business,  which  partnership  continued 
for  three  years,  when  Mr.  Bender  withdrew,  and  Mr.  Melhorn  added  to  his  business  the 
manufacturing  of  ice  cream  and  huckstering.  Deceiriber  4.  1882,  he  disposed  of  the  busi- 
ness, excepting  the  ice  cream  department,  which  he  still  carries  on.  In  the  spring  of  1882 
he  was  elected  a  justice  of  the  peace,  an  office  he  still  holds.  February  7,  1881,  after  a 
lapse  of  nearly  nineteen  years  from  the  birth  of  their  first  and  only  child,  another  son  was 
born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Melhorn,  by  name  David  John  Andrew,  whose  death  occurred  in 
Ohio  November  5,  1881,  where  the  parents  were  visiting. 

HON.  HENRY  J.  MYERS  is  a  native  of  Adams  County.  Although  now  engaged  in 
the  business  of  forwarding  and  commission  merchant  and  dealer  in  produce,  he  was  for- 
merly an  extensive  farmer,  with  large  merchant-mill  on  Conewago  Creek,  Tyrone  Town 
ship,  near  New  Chester,  at  which  occupation  he  was  engaged  until  he  removed  with  his 
family  to  New  Oxford,  April  1,  1873. 

Nicholas  Myers,  wife  and  sons  migrated  from  Amsterdam,  Holland,  in  1753,  and 
located  in  Lancaster  County,  Penn. ;  ten  years  later  Nicholas  bought  900  acres  of  land  in 
Adams  County  and  moved' to  the  tract,  building  near  Round  Hill.ln  the  vicinity  of  York 
Sulphur  Springs.  Their  children  were  John,  Jacob,  David,  William.  Ludwick,  Nicholas, 
Jr.,  Elizabeth,  Susan,  Margaret  J.  and  Mary.  John,  the  eldest,  was  born  in  Amsterdam, 
married  Miss  Sherman,  of  York  County,  and  had  issue.  Jacob,  our  subject's  grandsire, 
was  born  in  1760,  married  Hannah  Smith,  and  in  1796  removed  to  Canowago  Mills,  and 
later  to  New  Chester.  Their  children  were  John,  Philip,  Henry  and  Elizabeth.  The 
father  lived  to  be  eighty-five  and  the  mother  seventy-five  years  of  age,  and  their  remains 
were  interred  in  the  Bermudian  Cemetery.  David  married  Mary  Sultzbach.of  York  County, 
and  to  them  three  daughters  and  one  son  were  born.  Margaret  married  Peter  Binder,  and 
became  the  mother  of  four  sons  and  one  daughter.  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  David  Myers, 
married  James  Jameson,  grandsire  of  Henry  J.  Myers,  and  died  October  14,  1805.  aged 
twenty-five  years.  They  resided  a  number  of  years  at  East  Berlin,  and  were  buried  at 
Abbottstown.     William  Myers  married  MissErb,  of  Frederick,  Md.,  and  died  in  Virginia. 


OXFORD  township.  499 

They  had  issue  whoso  names  arc  unknown.  Ludwick  married  a  sister  of  the  above 
lady  and  bad  issue.  His  second  wife  was  a  Miss  Dull,  living  near  Abbotstown,  and  they 
were  the  parents  of  eighteen  children.  Ludwick  was  seventy  nine  years  of  age  al  liis 
death,  and  was  interred  at  the  Bermudian  Church.  Nicholas,  Jr.,  murried  a  Miss  Weaver, 
and  had  issue.  His  second  wife  was  a  Miss  Chronister;  the  two  bore  him  twenty-six  child- 
ren, all  of  whom  reached  an  advanced  age  except  two.  Philip  wedded  Mary  Heikes,  and 
to  their  union  were  born  five  suns  and  one  daughter.  The  parents  were  interred  nt  the 
Bermudian  Chuivh.  Peter  also  married  a  Miss  Erb,  who  bore  him  three  sons  and  two 
daughters.  Elizabeth  married  Michael  Miller;  they  had  issue  whose  names  are  unknown. 
Busan  wedded  Andrew  Albert,  and  (heir  issue  was  Jacob  and  Anna.  They  resided  near 
DUlsburg.  Margaret  married  Col.  Anthony  Kimmel,  of  Frederick  County,  Md.,  who  was 
elect!  d  Slate  senator  of  that  district,  and  to  this  marriage  one  son.  Anthony,  was  born. 
arried  a  Mr..  Weaver,  of  York  County,  and  had  sons  and  daughters,  whose  names 

are  unknown.  John,  the  eldest  son  of  Jacob  Myers,  was  horn  in  1788,  and  married  Eva 
Myers,  who  became  the  mother  of  five  sons  and  three  daughters.  After  her  death  John 
married  the  widow  of  Adam  Myers,  who  died  April  11,  1872,  aged  eighty-nine  years. 
Philip  was  born  in  November,  1788,  and  married  Elizabeth  Smyser,  who  bore  him  live  sons 
and  Bve  daughters.  After  her  death  he  married  Annie  Hersh.  His  death  occurred  August 
5,  1881,  at  the  age  of  ninety-three  years.  Elizabeth,  only  daughter  of  Jacob  Myers,  mar- 
ried Peter  Myers,  and  their  issue  was  two  sons  and  three  daughters.  The  parents  lived 
and  died  near  Round  Hill;  Bhe  at  eighty-three  and  he  at  seventy-nine  years  of  age.  Henry, 
youngest  son  of  Jacob  Myers,  was  horn  April  1,  1791,  on  lands  located  by  his  grandsire, 
Nicholas,  Sr.  His  parents  later  moved  to  Conewago  Mills.  At  the  age  of  twenty-one  years 
he  married  Nancy  Jameson  ttheir  children  are  mentioned  in  note  of  David  Jameson).  In 
1842,  when  the  Whigs  had  a  majority  of  700  in  Adams  County,  Henry  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Legislature  by  the  Democracy.  He  died  at  New  Chester,  this  county,  February 
29,  1868,  aged  seveuty-seven  years.  For  the  following  maternal  history  of  our  subject 
the  writer  is  indebted  to  Gen.  Horatio  Gates  Gibson.  It  embraces  five  generations. 
David  Jameson,  a  graduate  of  the  Medical  University  of  Edinburgh,  Scotland,  immi- 
grated to  America  about  1740,  stopping  first  at  Charleston.  8.  C.,  and  finally  set- 
tling in  York  Couuty,  Penn.  He  was  commissioned  first  as  captain,  then  as  brigade- 
major  and  lastly  as  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  Provincial  forces  of  Pennsylvania,  and  also 
held  a  commission  as  colonel  of  militia  of  Pennsylvania  during  the  Revolutionary  war. 
He  also  held  civic  offices  by  executive  appointment  in  the  county  of  York  in  1764  and  1777. 
He  practiced  his  profession  many  years  in  York.  His  wife,  nee  Elizabeth  Davis,  bore  him 
a  family  of  Bve  children:  Thomas,  James.  Horatio  G.,  Cassandra  and  Emily.  Thomas 
was  a  physician  of  York  until  1838;  he  served  as  coroner  from  1808  to  1818.  with  the  ex- 
ception of  two  years,  and  as  slierill"  from  1821  to  1824.  His  first  wife  was  Miss  Hahn,  of 
Yorki  whose  children  were  Thomas,  Catherine,  Charlotte  and  Margaret.  His  second  wife 
was  Mrs.  McClellan,  with  two  children,  and  she  bore  him  one  son,  Charles.  Catharine 
P..  daughter  of  Thomas  Jameson,  married  Daniel  P.  Weiser,  of  York,  and  had  issin — 
Gates  J..  David.  Oliver  P.  and  James.  Charlotte,  the  daughter  of  Thomas  Jameson,  mar- 
ried Adam  J.  Glossbrenner,  formerly  member  of  Congress  from  the  Fork,  Adams  and 
Cumberland  District,  and  had  issue — Emily.  Jameson  C,  Mary  and  Ivan.  Margaret, 
daughter  oi  Thomas  Jameson,  died  unmarried.  Charles,  son  of  Thomas,  became  a 
Methodist  minister  and  located  in  or  near  New  York.  Oliver  P.,  son  of  Daniel  P.  and 
Catherine  J.  Weiser,  married  and  had  issue — Emily.  Grace,  Oliver  and  James  (latter  de- 
Bmily  and  Mary,  daughters  of  Adam  J.  and  Charlotte  J.  Glossbrenner  reside  in 
Philadelphia  (unmarried).  Jameson  ('..  son  of  Adam  Glossbrenner,  died  young.  He  was  a 
page  in  the  House  of  Representatives  at  the  time  his  father  was  sergeant  at  arms  of  that 
body.  Ivan,  son  of  Adam  J.  i  liossbrenner,  married  Annie  Hantz,  of  York,  where  they  now 
reside,  their  issue  being  Lottie  L.,  Adam  J.,  Emily  M.  and  Magdalena. 

Horatio  Gates  Jameson  was  born  in  1778,  and  August  3,  17U7.  was  married  to 
Catharine  Bhevell,  of  Somerset,  Peru.  They  resided  at  villages  in  Pennsylvania,  the 
last  place  being  Gettysburg,  until  lSlu.  when  a  permanent  location  was  made  at  Balti- 
more, where  he  founded  and  became  president  of  the  Washington  Medical  College.  Their 
children  were  Cassandra,  Elizabeth,  Rush,  Catharine.  Alexander  C.  David  D.  and  Hora- 
tio G.  David  D.,  n  physician  of  Chambersburg,  Penn..  died  in  1832,  without  issue.  His 
brothers  Alexander  C.  and  Rush  wire'  also  physicians,  and  died  without  heirs,  the  lat  ter  "in 
ist7,  while  in  military  service.  Horatio  G.,  Jr.  (son  of  Horatio  Gates  Jameson),  was  horn  in 
'duated  at  the  Ohio  Medical  College.  In  1841  lie  married  Sarah  Mc- 
Culloch,  daughter  of  Mary  (Pannell)  and  William  Porter  of  Baltimore,  Md.,  whose 
brothers,  David  R,  and  George  B.  Porter,  were  governors  of  Pennsylvania  and  Michigan, 
vi  ly.  and  James  M.  was  secretary  of  war  under  President  Tyler.  The  Doctor  and 
wife  lefl  no  heira  and  died,  within  a  few  weeks  of  each  other,  at  their  home  at  Mount, 
dra  Jameson  was  born  in  1798  in  Somerset,  Penn..  and  married  the 
Rev.  William  James  Gibson  in  Baltimore  in  1833,  and  had  issue — Catharine,  Cassandra, 
William  and  Robert;  Of  whom  Catharine  only  survives  Cassandra  Jameson  (libson  died 
in  186--.  and  the  Rev.  Dr.  Gibson  married  Elizabeth  Murray  in  187--,  and  had  issue — Rob- 


500  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

ert  and  William.  Catherine,  daughter  of  Rev.  J.  W.  Gibson,  of  Philadelphia,  became 
the  wife  of  George  R.  Maze,  a  merchant  of  Chicago;  Cassandra  and  Robert  died  without 
issue.  Elizabeth  Jameson  was  born  in  Wheeling  W.  Va..  February  20,  1801,  and  mar- 
ried the  Rev.  John  Gibson,  September  27,  1821,  and  had  issue — Margaretta  Rebecca  Mitch- 
ell, William,  Horatio  Gates  Jameson.  John  and  Robert.  Elizabeth  Jameson  Gibson  died 
in  York,  November  9,  1855.  William  Gibson  was  born  in  Baltimore  May  26,  1825.  As  a 
protege  of  Capt.  Isaac  McKeever,  he  made  a  cruise  of  three  years  in  the  Pacific,  1837-40. 
February  11,  1841,  he  was  appointed  by  President  Van  Buren  a  midshipman,  and  rose  to 
the  grade  of  commander  on  the  active  list  of  the  navy — which  rank  he  now  holds.  He 
married  at  New  Orleans,  December  26,  1868.  Mary  Meade  Addison,  of  Washington — a 
niece  of  Rear- Admiral  Sands.  Horatio  Gates  Gibson  was  born  in  Baltimore  May  22,  1827, 
and  is  now  colonel  of  the  Third  United  States  Artillery.  He  was  appointed  cadet  at  West 
Point  March  8,  1843,  by  John  C.  Spencer,  Secretary  of  War,  and  from  that  institution 
his  diploma  was  received  in  1847.  March  16,1863,  he  was  married  to  Harriet  L..  daugh- 
ter of  Mary  H.  and  Benjamin  Walker  of  St.  Louis,  and  to  them  were  born  Annie,  in 
St.  Louis;  Horatio  G.  J.,  in  Louisville,  Ky.,  and  Catherine  F.,  in  Fort  Preble.  Mar- 
garetta  R  M  ,  in  1844,  married  Hiram  Schissler,  of  Frederick,  Maryland,  and  to  them  were 
born  Catherine  C,  Annie  M..  Horatio  G.,  William  and  John.  The  mother  died  in  1879 
and  the  father  in  1882.  Catherine  S.,  daughter  of  Hiram  Schissler.was  born  in  Williams- 
burg, Penn.,  in  1847,  and  in  1872  was  married  to  Hon.  F.  J.  Nelson,  of  Frederick.  Annie 
M.,  her  sister,  married  Hon.  James  II.  Hopkins,  of  Pittsburgh.  Penn.,  late  member  of 
Congress  from  that  city,  and  to  them  win-  born.William  F.,  Kate  and  James  H.  John 
Gibson  was  born  in  Baltimore  April  17,  1829.  He  studied  law  with  C.  F.  Mayer,  Esq.,  and 
Hon.  Robert  J.  Fisher,  and  in  1849  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  practiced  until  his  election 
to  the  bench  in  York  County,  in  1881.  June  22,  1865,  he  married  Helen  Packard,  of  Albany, 
N.  Y.  Their  children  were  Robert  F.,  Charlotte  P.  and  John.  Robert  Gibson  was  born 
in  1831,  served  in  1847  and  1849  as  a  page  in  the  United  States  Senate,  and  was  assistant 
on  coast  survey,  and  in  1857  was  appointed  by  President.  Buchanan  second  lieutenant  in 
Third  Infantry,  United  States  Regiment.  He  afterward  graduated  in  law,  and  died  at 
his  home  in  Warreusburg  Mo.,  in  1861,  without  issue.  Catharine,  daughter  of  Horatio 
Gates  Jameson,  who  was  born  in  Baltimore  in  1808,  was  married,  in  1836.  to  Rohert  J. 
Fisher,  Esq.,  who  for  thirty  years  was  president  judge  of  the  Nineteenth  Judicial  District 
of  Pennsylvania.  To  the  marriage  were  born  eight  children,  of  whom  George,  Catherine, 
Emily  S.,  Annie,  Helen  C.  and  David  A.  grew  to  maturity.  Catherine  J.  Fisher  died  in 
1850.  Catherine  Fisher  was  born  in  York,  Penn.,  in  1837.  July  2.  1867  she  married 
James  M.  Marshall,  an  army  officer,  and  to  the  marriage  were  born  Kitty  F.,  Ellen  M., 
Robert  J.,  Jonas  F.,  Thomas  A.  and  Emily  S.  Annie  H.  Fisher  was  born  in  York, 
and  married  James  W.  Latimer,  Esq.,  now  one  of  the  judges  of  the  Common  Pleas  of 
York  County,  and  to  them  three  daughters  were  born,  viz.:  Catherine  J.,  Janet  C.  and 
Emily  F.,  and  a  son,  Robert  Cathcart.  Robert  S.  J.  Fisher  was  born  in  York,  Penn.,  July 
4.  1847.  He  studied  law  with  his  father,  Robert  J.,  and  from  the  position  of  examiner  in 
the  patent  office  was  promoted,  in  1883,  to  that  of  chief  examiner  by  President  Arthur. 
His  wife  is  Harriet  Tyler. 

James  Jameson,  grandfather  of  our  subject,  married  a  daughter  of  David  Myers,  of 
Adams  County,  to  whom  were  horn  Nancy  and  David.  The  father  was  also  a  physician 
of  Allentown,  Penn.,  and  principal  owner  of  a  chain  bridge  across  the  Lehigh  River  at 
that  place.  He  was  born  in  1771  and  died  in  1831.  Nancy,  daughter  of  James  Jameson, 
married  Henry  (her  first  cousin),  son  of  Jacob  Myers,  of  New  Chester,  Penn.,  and  had  is- 
sue: Jacob  A.,  Singleton  (deceased),  Henry  Jameson.  Ann  E.  J..  Horatio  Gates,  David  P. 
and  William  (latter  deceased).  David  Jameson,  son  of  James,  married  and  had  issue; 
Henry  M.,  Amelia,  Nancy,  James  B.,  Rush  and  Elnora.  They  lived  one  and  a  half  miles 
east  of  Gettysburg,  and  their  brick  barn  was  used  as  a  field  hospital  by  the  Confederates 
duriug  and  after  the  battle  of  Gettysburg.  Jacob  A.,  son  of  Henry  and  Nancy  J.  Myers, 
a  native  of  Adams  County,  married  Sarah  Deardorff.  of  York  Springs,  and  their  children 
were  Emily  S.,  George  H..  Ellis  G  (deceased)  Nancy,  Leigh  R.,  Jacob  U.  and  William  B. 
Jacob  A.  resided  many  years  on  a  farm  near  York  Springs,  in  Adams  County;  then  moved 
to  Bethlehem,  Penn..  where  he  operated  coal  lands,  which  made  him  rich.  Henry  J.  My- 
ers, son  of  Henry  and  Nancy  Myers,  and  the  subject  proper  of  this  sketch,  was  born  in 
Adams  County  November  22,  1826.  He  married.  Belinda  M.  Slagle.  of  Hanover,  York 
Co.,  Penn.,  and  to  them  were  born  Charles,  Robert  Gates,  Jacob  Ross,  Edward.  Annola,  all 
of  whom  are  deceased,  except  Jacob  Ross  (Charles  reached  his  sixteenth  year).  Henry  J. 
Myers  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature  in  1860.  and  re-elected  in  1862,  and  since  1873 
has  been  agent  at  New  Oxford  for  the  H.  J.  H.  &  G.  Railroad  in  connection  with  his  busi- 
ness, that  of  a  commission  merchant  and  produce  dealer.  Ann  E.  J.,  daughter  of  Henry 
and  Nancy  J.  Myers,  was  born  in  Adams  County;  married  Dr.  Lewis  Stonesifier.  of  Littles- 
town,  and  had  one  son,  A.  C.  Stonesifier.  After  the  Doctor's  death  she  married  J.  M.  Wal- 
ter, of  Gettysburg,  by  whom  she  had  one  son.  George  M..  now  an  attorney  at  law.  Horatio 
Gates  Myers  married  and  had  issue — Herndon  and  Elizabeth.  He  was  a  merchant  of  Han- 
over, and  at  the  outbreak  of  the  late  war  became  captain  of  a  company  in  a  Pennsylvania 


OXFORD   TOWNSHIP.  :>(|1 

regiment,  and  died  from  exposure,  al   Verdant   Mi  id    Bagei  town,  Mil      Mollie,  his  wid 
ow,  married  William  Russell,  ol  Lewistown,  Penn      Emilj   8  .  daughter  of  Jacob  A    My 

ried  James  Ellis,  ol    Pottsville,  Penn.,  attorney  for  the  Philadelphia   &   Reading 
of  the  Legislature  from  Schuylkill.     George  H    Myers,  president   of 
First  National  Bank  and  burgess  of  Bethli  hi  m,  Pi  nn.,  married  Collie  Weiss;  Nau 
Bister,  wedded  F.  I     Man.-      Leigh  R.,  a  prominent   lawyei   of  Bethlehem,  Penn.,  mar 
ried  Kitt\  Weiss      w  illiam  B   resides  In  Bethlehem,  Penn  ;  h 

and  has  issue     J    Upton   anothei  aon    is  a  capitalist  in  Bethlehem    Penn.    J.  R i 

of  our  subject,  was  born  neai  New  Chester,  Penn.,  June  80,  1867;  now  a  student 

mtgomerj  I  ounty,  Penn.     Berndon  Myers  Bon  "I   Boratio  Gates  Myers, 

married  Edith,  daughter  of  Gen.  .1   [rvin  Gregg,  and  resides  al  Al as   Pi  on,     Elizabeth, 

ried  a  son  of  B,  L   Bewitt,  of  Bollidaysburg,  and  now  resides  in  Jamestown, 
Dakota.     Rush,  son  of  James  Buchanan  Jameson,  is  a  telegraph  operatorin  Philadelphia, 
Penn.    .1-  B  Jameson,  Sr.,who  was  during  the  late  war  first  lieutenant  of  the  I  nil 
Guard,  Ohio  Volunteer  Ca\  a  In  .  and  commander  of  President  Lincoln's  and  Andrew  John 

,i\  guard,  married  for  his  second  wife  Miss  Amanda C.  Myers,  of  Hanover,  and  re- 
Laki  Como,  Putnam  County,  Florida,  where  he  dob 
PIUS  J.  N(  i HI.,  grocer,  New  Oxford,  was  born  in  Oxford  Township,  this  county,  in 
1888,  a  Bon  of  Peter  I  J.  and  Lydia  A   (Clunk)  Noel,  who  for  many  years  have  resided  on  a 

farm  in  the  vicinity  <>f  Oxford,  and  to  whom  were  born  twelve  childre II  in  Adam 

County),  viz.:  Caroline,  Pius  J.,  Mary,  John,  Agnes,  William.  Joseph,  James,  Louisa, 
Lydia  A  and  Lui  inda.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  Pius  ,1.  began  the  blacksmith's 
trade  with  his  uncle,  Joseph  Clunk.  In  1854  tin'  family  removed  to  Grand  Rapids,  Mich., 
where  William.  Pius  J.,  Joseph  ami  James  opened  a  wheelwright  shop,  the  former  two 
being  smiths  and  the  latter  wagon-makers.  The  brothers  continued  the  business  until 
]*',:'•.  when  Pius  J,  returned  to  Adams  County  ami  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  at 
New  Oxford,  in  which  he  is  still  engaged.  In  1856  our  Bubiecl  paid  a  visit  to  Pennsyl 
vania,  and  married  Miss  Caroline,  daughter  of  .lames  and  Marj  (Myers)  Robinson,  who 

n  neighhors  of  the  Noels  for  mam  Mats.  Miss  Robinson  being ■  <<i  his  school 

mates.  Mr.  Noel  ret  in  tied  to  Grand  Rapids,  taking  with  him  his  young  bride,  and  during 
their  stay  there  eight  children  were  born  to  them:  Mary,  William,  .lames.  Ella,  Martha. 

and    Carrie     deceased).      After   their   return    to    New   Oxford,  two 

son-,.  Pius    and    I.ewi-.  were   born.      Mrs.    Noel  died   in   March,   1882.      Mr.  Noil    i-  a  self 

an,  and  ha-  earned  every  dollar  he  is  worth.      In  business  he  has  always  Keen  sue 

and  has  a\  oided  politics,  BO  far  as  a  de-ire  for  official  honor-  is  concerned       From 

infancy  he  has  been  a  consistent   Catholic.     Mary,  the  eldest  daughter,   is  a  Sister  of 

Charity.     Ella  and  Cora  received  a  liberal  education  at  the  academy  at  McSherrystown, 

and  are  housekeepers  for  their  father.  One  son,  .lames,  is  engaged  in  business  for  him 
self  at  Waynesboro,  and  another  son,  William,  is  clerking  for  hi-  father  at  the  present 
time. 

ELIAS  ROTH,  architect  and  builder.  New  Oxford,  was  bom  at  Rot h's  Mills,  in  But- 
ler Township,  Adams  County,  Penn.,  July  21,  1829,  a  son  of  Jonas  and  Barbara  (Kauff 
man)  Roth,  natives,  former  of  York  County,  and  the  latter  in  the  vicinity  id'  East  Berlin, 
The  parents  came  to  the  neighborhood  of  Roth's  Mill-  about  1825,  and  the  father  was  oc- 
cupied as  a  farmer  through  life.  Thej  reared  nine  children:  Maria.  Elias,  Jeremiah, 
Henry,  Abraham.  Reuben  and  Sarah  (twins),  Leander  and    Susanna,  the  latter  died  in 

infancy)  all  of  whom,  exo  pi  Susanna,  attended  public  scl I-  and  received  a  fair  educa 

tion.  Leander.  who  is  now  practicing  in  York  County,  studied  medicine,  and  graduated 
at  the  Philadelphia  Medical  College      Elias  was  gifted  with  unusual  abilitj  in  the  art  of 

mechanism,  and  witl t  instructor  (while  working  on  a  I .and  before  he  was  twenty 

years  of  age)  was  making  furniture  which  found  a  ready  sale.  His  first  attempt  at  build- 
ing was  the  bam  on  the  home-farm,  still  Btanding,  which  he  put  up  when  twenty  one 

years  of  am-,  from  which  tin,,   I \    jed  regularly  in  thi   bu  in  Forthirtj  live  years 

he  ha-  been  the  leading  architect  and  builder  in  A.dams  County,  and  has  furnished  designs 
for  thirty  churches,  located  in  Adams,  York.  Franklin  and  Montgomery  Counties,  Penn., 
and  Frederick  County,  Md.  He  has  erected  one-half  of  these,  notably  among  which  are 
the  Reformed  Cburchal  New  Chester  and  the  Lutheran  at  the  Pines,  the  Reformed  and 
Lutheran  Churches  at  Emmittsburg.  Md.,  the  Reformed  Church  and  public  school  build- 
in-  at  Waynesboro,  the  Lutheran,  Reformed  and  Mi  thodiM  <  hurches  at  New  <  txford,  the 

Refi id,  Lutheran,  Methodist  and  Catholic  Churches  at   Hanover,  York  Count)'.     All 

the  principal  houses  erected  in  New  oxford  since  i860  were  designed  and  built  by  him. 

He  has  invented   and    manufactured   a  saw  file  set  and    jointer  that  lia-  revolutionized  the 

art  of  saw-filing,  and  to  date  has  sold  over  80,000.     He  came  to  New  oxford  in  1800,  and 
r  was  married  to  Sarah  Shane  and  to  them  were  born  ten  children,  six  of 
whom  are  living,  viz.     Anna  M  .  Harry  Q.,  Kate  K..  Jennie  S.,  Cora  B.  and  John  E. 

W.  C.  SANDRO*  K.  M.  1»  .  P.  0.  New   Oxford,  was  horn  in  Baltimore.  Mil.,  in  1854, 

a  son  of  Julius  F.  and  Sophia  Sandrock,  the  former  of  whom  was,  for  upward  ol  aquar 

ominent  grocer  of  that  city,  and  reared  a  family  of  four  children,  of 

whom  the  Do. 'tor  is  the  eldest,     Our  subject  received  his  scholastic  education  at  Knapp'e 


502  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

Institute,  Baltimore.  There  he  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  H.  W.  Webster,  Jr.,  a  promi- 
nent physician  and  surgeon,  as  well  as  a  member  of  one  of  the  most  noted  families  of 
Maryland  In  1873  he  entered  the  College  of  Pharmacy,  and  in  1875  was  graduated  from 
that' institution,  taking  the  first  prize  in  a  class  of  fifteen.  In  the  same  year  he  matricu- 
lated in  the  University  of  Maryland,  and  in  the  spring  of  1878  graduated  in  medicine. 
Locating  in  Baltimore,  he  practiced  five  and  a  half  years,  and  had  an  extensive  practice, 
but  close  application  to  the  laborious  duties  of  a  practicing  physician  caused  ill  health,  which 
necessitated  his  removal  to  a  more  salubrious  clime,  and  the  smoky  air  of  the  city  was  ex- 
changed, in  the  autumn  of  1883,  for  a  home  in  the  pleasant  borough  of  New  Oxford.  In 
1879  his  marriage  with  Miss  Louisa,  daughter  of  Henry  and  Louisa  Wagner,  was  cele- 
brated. Mr.  Wagner  was  one  of  the  celebrated  Seventh  Regiment  of  Hussars,  Col.  Baron  De 
Marbot  commanding,  under  Napoleon  Bonaparte,  and  was  in  action  at  Waterloo.  While 
residing  in  Baltimore  Mr.  Wagner  was  a  teacher  of  languages.  He  died  in  1865  To  the 
Doctor  and  his  wife  two  sons  have  been  born:  Edgar  and  Walter.  Dr.  Sandrock  has,  by 
reason  of  merit  and  skill,  firmly  established  himself  in  practice,  which  is  not  only  large 
but  is  rapidly  extending  among  the  best  families  of  this  section  of  the  county.  Although 
a  young  man,  his  education  and  lengthy  training  has  eminently  fitted  him  to  discharge 
well  the  practice  of  medicine  and  surgery,  and  his  success  is  all  that  could  be  desired,  in 
both  a  social  and  professional  sense.  He  is  a  member  of  the  school  board,  also  belongs  to 
the  Patmos  Lodge,  No.  348,  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  of  Hanover,  and  is  a  member  of  Adams  County 
Medical  Society.  ,  ,  T ....     . 

ABRAHAM  SHEELY,  dealer  in  lumber,  New  Oxford,  was  born  near  Littlestown, 
Adams  Co  ,  Penn.,  January  20,  1828.  His  father  was  Jacob  Sheely.  a  son  of  Nicholas 
Sheely,  who  emigrated  from  Germany  in  an  early  day  and  settled  in  Mountpleasant  Town- 
ship on  land  now  owned  by  Solomon  Snyder,  which  he  entered  from  the  Government. 
He  subsequently  married  Elizabeth  Rife,  of  this  county,  and  their  first  son.  Jacob,  was 
born  in  1799.  Jacob's  birth  was  followed  by  that  of  John,  Hannah,  Mary  and  two  other 
daughters  whose  names  are  unknown.  Upon  the  farm  the  parents  remained  until  the  death 
of  the  sire,  when  the  mother  rented  the  farm  and  remained  upon  it  until  her  death,  which 
occurred  in  1840.  Jacob  was  married  to  a  daughter  of  Diederich  Bishop,  by  whom  he  had 
six  children,  of  whom  John,  David,  Rebecca  and  Eliza  were  reared.  Jacob,  by  trade,  was 
a  blacksmith,  and  had  a  shop  near  Alloway's  Creek,  on  the  Gettysburg  Turnpike;  he  also 
owned  a  small  farm  in  that  vicinity.  The  death  of  his  wife  occurred  about  1820.  and  two 
years  later  he  was  married  to  Catherine,  daughter  of  John  Erhart,  of  this  county.  Sub- 
sequently he  moved  to  Germany  Township,  and  worked  at  his  trade,  one  and  a  half  miles 
distant  from  Littlestown,  where  our  subject  was  born.  Six  children  were  born  to  Jacob 
Sheely  and  his  wife  Catherine,  of  whom  he  reared  Abraham.  Joseph  and  Catherine  the 
others  dying  in  infancy.  Jacob  purchased  a  farm  in  that  vicinity,  and  erected  a  black- 
smith shop,  and  there  lived  for  several  years.  Our  subject  was  educated  principally  in 
Germany  Township,  and  was  married,  at  the  age  of  twenty-four,  to  Catherine  Eckert. 
They  commenced  housekeeping  on  a  small  farm  in  Union  Township,  now  owned  by  Will- 
iam Weikart.  For  a  number  of  years  he  was  engaged  in  the  huckster  business,  and  in 
1861  came  to  New  Oxford,  and  in  connection  with  huckstering  engaged  in  the  dry  goods 
trade.  Later  this  was  abandoned  for  the  grain  and  produce  business,  to  which,  in  ISbf, 
he  added  a  stock  of  lumber,  to  which  branch  of  business  he  has  since  devoted  his  attention. 
He  was  one  of  the  members  of  the  first  borough  council,  after  the  incorporation  of  New  Ox- 
ford borough,  and  from  that  time  to  the  present,  with  the  exception  of  two  years,  he  has 
remained  a  member  of  that  body.  His  popularity  and  business  qualifications  marie  him 
the  choice  of  the  Democratic  party,  in  1884,  for  county  commissioner,  to  which  office  he 
was  elected,  and  is  now  one  of  the  present  incumbents.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Sheely  nine 
children  have  been  born,  seven  of  whom  are  living:  George  C.  (married  to  Clara  Dienl), 
Charles  H.  (married  to  Sallie  Chronister).  William  F.,  Catherine  Elizabeth  (wife  of  H.  G. 
Sanders),  Sarah  Jane,  John  A.  and  Edward  V„  all  residents  of  New  Oxford  except  Mrs. 
Sanders,  who  resides  at  Harrisburg.  During  the  long  business  lite  of  Mr.  Sheely  his 
sterling  qualities  have  made  him  a  central  figure  in  commercial  circles,  and  as  a  man  01 
merit  his  repeated  official  terms  furnish  abundant  proof.  „     ,   .  .         .  -vr     , 

HENRY  I.  SMITH,  editor  and  publisher,  P.  O.  New  Oxford,  is  a  native  of  ^ork 
County,  Penn.,  born  at  Hanover.  May  13,  1859.  His  parents  were  Jacob  and  Mary  A.  (fcc- 
kenrode)  Smith,  whose  history  is  given  above.  Henry  I.  obtained  a  fair  education  in  the 
public  schools  of  his  native  place.' and  in  the  spring  of  1878  commenced  the  printer  s  trade 
with  H.  J.  Miller,  of  White  Hall.  Adams  County,  and  in  the  autumn  of  that  year  pur- 
chased an  interest  in  the  Weekly  Visitor,  then  owned  by  Mr.  Miller.  In  the  spring  of  1879 
the  press  and  material  were  removed  to  New  Oxford  and  the  name  of  the  paper  was 
changed  to  the  New  Oxford  Item,  the  first  number  of  which  was  issued  on  April  18.  In 
February  1880,  Mr.  Smith  purchased  his  partner's  interest  and  has  since  conducted  tne 
paper,  the  circulation  of  which,  under  his  judicious  management,  has  been  greatly  increased 
and  the  paper  improved.  There  is  connected  with  the  Item  one  of  the  finest  job  printing 
offices  in  the  eastern  part  of  Adams  County.  December  25.  1881.  Sir.  Smith  was  married 
to  Mary  C  ,  daughter  of  H.  J.  and  Louisa  Hemler,  of  Mountpleasant  Township,  Mrs.  Smith 


READING    TOWNSHIP. 


303 


being  the  eldest  of  seventeen  chUdren,  her  birth  occurring  in  1868.  Both  the  Smith  and 
the  Bemler  families  are.long-time  residents  of  Adams  Count;  and  have  always  been  enter 
prising  fanners  ,  ,   ,  .        _.     ,     _    ...       .      . 

.1 ICOB  SMITH,  farmer,  P.O.  New  Oxford,  is  descended  from  (  harles  Smith,  who,  In 
aboul  1766  with  a  brother,  came  from  Germany,  both  of  whom  were  sold  to  pay  iheir 
passage  and  parted  never  to  meel  again.  Charles  was  thru  eighteen  years  of  aire:  subse- 
quently he  was  married  to  Miss  Spitler.  and  settled  on  a  farm  in  Mountpleasant  1  ow  Qship, 
itj  near  the  village  of  Bonneauville.  Bight  sons  and  four  daughters  were  born 
to  ibis  union  of  whom  the  following  named  can  be  located  Joseph,  John,  Jacob,  Cathe- 
rine \mlrew  Charles,  Peter  and  Anthony.  Of  these,  Joseph  was  the  father  oi  our  sub- 
ject The  death  of  the  mother  occurred  several  years  before  that  ol  the  lather,  who  lived 
to  the  ripe  -Id  age  of  eighty-Six  Joseph,  at  the  age  of  twenty  seven,  was  married  to 
Magdalene  daughter  of  Jacob  Lawrence,  ami  they  commenced  housekeeping  on  the  Smith 
homestead  lie  was  given  a  part  of  that  Earm,  and  afterward  purchased  the  remaining 
interests  This  [arm  lie  sold  about  1833,  and  purchased  another  nearer  Gettysburg.  Of 
the  children  born  to  this  union.  Qeorge,   Jacob,  Catharine,  Marian,  John,  Joseph,  Allo- 

Viece   and    Levi   were   bom    on    the    old    farm,  and  Sarah,   Louis,  1'ius  and  ( 'ordelia  on  the 

subsequent  purchase.  Joseph  had  reared  his  children  strictly  to  the  Catholic  faith,  and 
until  his  drath  in  1859,  was  a  regular  attendant  at  church  services.  Jacob  Smith  was 
born  November  7.  1822.  Be  learned  the  blacksmithing  trade  with  John  Felix,  commenc- 
ing the  same  at  the  age  of  eighteen  years,  lie  has  since  worked  at  the  trade  in  different 
parts  of  the  United  States,  and  during  the  Mexican  war  was  employed  as  a  blacksmith  by 
rnment,  After  peace  was  declared  he  traveled  through  Mexico,  and  sailed  from 
the  Gulf  of  California  to  San  Francisco,  returning  home  via  the  Isthmus  of  Panama. 
In  1*50  be  was  married  to  Marv  A.,  daughter  of  John  and  Elizabeth  (Hemler)  Eckenrode. 
During  his  wandering  our  subject  secured  money  enough  to  procure  a  farm,  winch  be  now 
owns,  and  upon  which  he  has  since  resided,  with  the  exception  of  two  years  spent  m  Han- 
over and  on  which  were  born  the  following  named  children:  Edward  J..  John  b., 
William  W.  (deceased),  Mary  L\,  Laura  (deceased).  Maternus  J..  Emory  N..  Francis  B, 
and  Oliver  A  Two  of  their  children  were  born— Josephine,  at  her  grandfather  s  home  m 
Mountpleasant  Township,  and  Henry  I.,  in  Hanover,  York  County.  Of  this  large  family 
of  sons  and  daughters  all  are  living  but  two. 


CHAPTER  LXVI. 
READING  TOWNSHIP. 

JOHN  L.  B088ERMAN,  fanner.  P.  O.  East  Berlin,  was  born  in  Reading  Township, 
Adams  Co..  Penn.,  December  28,  1844.  and  is  a  son  of  Daniel  and  Susanna  (Lerew) 
Bosserman.  natives  of  this  county.     His  father  resided  all  his  life  in  Reading  Township, 

in  fanning,  but  retired  from  active  life  some  time  prior  to  his  death,  which 
occurred  March  27,  1886;  his  widow  is  vet  living  at    the  age  of  sixty-six  years.     John  L. 

d  00  a  farm,  remaining  with  his  parents  until  twenty  five  years  of  age,  when  he 
married  and  located  on  his  father's  farm,  where  be  Uveal  until  the  spring  of  ISHfi.  He  then 
moved  to  where  he  now  resides,  and  where  lie  owns  100  acres  of  land.  He  makes 
a  specialty  of  raising  tine  stock,  cattle,  etc.  He  was  married  Septembers,  1869,  to  Dilla 
J.  RaffenspigV.  They  are  the  parents  of  six  children:  Minnie  K..  Albert  L..  Almira, 
Nettie  M.,  Collin  A.  aiid  Ryno.  Mr.  Bosserman  was  drafted  during  the  Rebellion,  but 
paid  $8.">U  for  a  substitute.  '  He  is  a  lie  publican  in  politics. 

W.  HOWARD  DICKS,  fanner.  P.  0  New  Che  ister,  was  born  in  Adams  County,  Penn., 
September  18,  1842,  and  is  a  son  of  Thomas  N.  and  Lydia  A.  (Hanes)  Dicks,  natives  of 
Adams  County.  His  father  was  a  farmer,  but  in  his  younger  days,  when  tic  railroad  was 
yet  in  its  infancy,  he  was  engaged  in  hauling  goods  from  Baltimore.  Md.,  to  Pittsburgh, 
Penn.,  taking  aboul  eighteen  'lavs  to  go  throunh.  Hi'  engaged  in  farming  where  W. 
Howard  now  reshlcs  on   bi?  acres,  until  his  death,  which   occurred  October  25,    1884. 

Our  subject  was  brought  up  on  a  farm,  remaining  with  his  parents  until  twenty  years  of 
age,  When  be  attended  the  College  at  New  Oxford,  under  Dr.  Pfeiffer  fen-  two  years.  In 
1868  he  took  a  pleasure  trip  through  Illinois  anil  Iowa,  and  while  in  the  West  taught 
three  months,  but  hunted  most  of  the  time.  Previous  to  going  West  be  had  taught  four 
terms  of  school,  and  four  terms  after  coming  home,  and  is  a  well  educated  man.  lie 
farms  on  the  old  homestead,  comprising  187  acres,  and  makes  a  specialty  of  raising  cattle, 


504  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES  : 

also  buying  and  selling  some.  He  is  a  great  lover  of  sport  and  spends  his  leisure  time  in 
hunting,  killing  deer,  etc.,  and  has  now  in  his  posession  a  set  of  ei  gin-prong  antlers, 
which  tie  took  from  a  deer  he  killed  in  Virginia.  There  were  ten  children  in  his  father's 
family,  nine  of  whom  are  now  living:  W.  Howard,  .1.  W..  John  A.,  Neely,  H.  B..  R.  M., 
Margaret  A.,  Kate  E.  and  Mattie  A.  Most  of  the  family  are  members  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church.  Mr.  Dicks  has  held  the  offices  of  township  and  county  auditor.  He  received  the 
nomination  for  Assembly  at  the  Democratic  ( lounty  Convention  on  the  14th  of  June,  1886, 
and  will  heelected,  as  this  county  is  largely  Democratic. 

AARON  B.  KAUFFMAN.  farmer,  P.  O.  Bermudian,  was  born  in  Reading  Township, 
this  county,  December  12,  18*8,  and  is  a  son  of  Christian  and  Margaret  (Binder)  Kauffman, 
natives  of  Pennsylvania.  His  father  followed  farming  nearly  all  his  life  and  came  from 
Lancaster  to  Adams  County  when  quite  small.  He  died  October  1.  1881 ;  his  widow  is  still 
living  at  the  age  of  seventy-seven  years.  Aaron  B.  was  reared  on  a  farm,  and  remained 
with  his  parents  uutil  twenty-three  years  of  age,  when  he  married  and  settled  on  the  old 
homestead,  where  he  remained  about  two  years.  He  then  moved  to  another  farm,  which 
his  father  owned,  where  he  lived  eight  years.  In  1*74  he  moved  to  where  he  now  resides, 
and  owns  200  acres  of  land  with  very  good  improvements.  He  married.  September  20, 
1860,  Anna  M.  Bushey,  who  bore  him  seven  children,  six  of  whom  are  living:  EliasL., 
Christian  B.,  Ida  N.,  Ellen  J.,  Mary  E.  and  Minnie  M.  Elmira  J.,  is  deceased.  Mr. 
Kauffman  is  now  engaged  in  the  poultry  business.  He  gets  from  eighty  to  ninety  dozen 
eggs  a  week,  has  a  flock  of  200  hens  and  a  fine  poultry  yard.  He  also  raises  cattle  to  some 
extent. 

LEVI  LAYDOM,  farmer,  P.  O.  New  Chester,  was  born  in  Adams  County,  Penn., 
December  31,  1826,  and  is  a  son  of  John  and  Rebecca  (Chronister)  Laydom,  natives  of 
Pennsylvania,  the  former  of  whom,  a  farmer  by  occupation,  died  in  January,  1878.  Levi 
was  reared  on  a  farm,  and  remained  at  home  until  the  war  broke  out.  In  1862  he  was 
drafted  in  Company  F,  Fifty-sixth  Pennsylvania  Regiment,  served  ten  months,  and  par- 
ticipated  in  the  battle  of  the  "  Deserted  House,"  in  Virginia.  His  draft  expired  in  July, 
1863,  when  he  was  honorably  discharged.  He  was  again  drafted  in  November,  1864, 
and  served  until  the  close  of  the  war,  when  he  was  discharged.  He  returned_  home,  en- 
gaged  in  jfarming,  and  now  owns  seventy-five  acres  of  good  land.  He  married,  May  9, 
1877,  Eliza  A.  Myers.     He  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  church. 

CORNELIUS  MYERS,  retired  farmer.  P.  O.  Hampton,  was  born  October  29.  1815,  in 
Adams  County,  Penn.,  and  is  a  son  of  Philip  and  Elizabeth  (Smyser)  Myers,  natives  of 
York  County,  Penn.,  who  located  in  Reading  Township  in  an  early  day,  where  the  form- 
er followed  farming  until  he  was  about  sixty  years  of  age, when  he  removed  to  New  Ches- 
ter, Steuben  Township,  where  he  remained  uutil  his  death  in  1881.  Cornelius  was  reared 
on  a  farm  until  he  was  sixteen  years  of  age,  when  he  entered  the  store  of  John  Brough, 
where  he  clerked  about  one  rear;  then  went  to  New  Oxford  and  there  clerked  for  two 
years;  next  went  to  Gettysburgand  clerked  for  six  months;  then  returned  to  Hampton  and 
clerked  for  about  three  years;  afterward  worked  at  farming,  etc.  He  was  employed  in 
driving  a  team  from  Baltimore  to  Pittsburgh  for  about  one  year.  November  29,  1838,  he 
married  Levina,  daughter  of  John  and  Nancy  Brough,  natives  of  Pennsylvania.  To  Mr. 
ami  Mrs.  Mvers  the  following  children  were  born:  Cornelius  L..  Serigbt.  Nancy  E.,  and 
Levina,  all  living  and  married,  and  John  aud  Philip  L.  are  deceased.  After  marriage,  Mr. 
Myers  settled  on  his  father-in-law's  farm,  where  he  remained  three  years;  then  bought 
100  acres  of  land  from  his  father,  on  which  he  remained  twelve  years,  when  he  sold  out 
and  bought  118  acres  from  his  father-in-law.  on  which  he  remained  until  1ST7.  He  then 
moved  to  Hampton,  where  he  is  now  leading  a  retired  life.  He  owns  the  property  where 
he  resides  and  140  acres  of  good  land.  He  has  held  he  offices.of  inspector  of  elections  and 
school  director,  and  also  several  other  offices.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Myers  are  members  of  the 
Lutheran  Church. 

ANDREW  MYERS,  farmer,  P.  O.  Hampton,  was  born  in  Reading  Township,  this 
county,  in  March.  1826,  and  is  a  son  of  Philip  and  Mary  (Haverstock)  Myers,  natives  of 
Pennsylvania.  He  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  remained  at  home  until  he  was  thirty-five 
years  of  age,  when  he  went  to  work  for  himself.  He  married  and  moved  to  where  he  now 
resides,  and  owns  seventy-seven  acres  of  land.  In  1863  he  was  drafted  into  Company  I, 
Fifty-sixth  Pennsylvania,  Eleventh  Corps;  served  about  four  months  under  Gen.  Leacock, 
and  traveled  300  miles  in  thirteen  days  on  foot.  He  did  not  participate  in  any  battles,  but 
was  always  in  readiness.  He  married,  in  January,  1867.  Susanna  Border,  who  bore  him 
seven  children:  Lewis,  Mary  E.,  Charlie,  Alice.  Soder.  Emma  and  Anna.  _  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Myers  are  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church.     He  is  a  Republican  in  politics. 

HENRY  MYERS,  merchant,  Hampton,  was  born  in  Adams  County,  Penn.,  to 
Philip  and  Mary  (Haverstock)  Myers,  also  natives  of  Adams  County.  His  father,  who 
was  a  farmer,  died  on  the  old  home  place.  His  grandparents  were  also  natives  of  Penn- 
sylvania. Henry  .Myers  was  reared  on  the  farm  until  he  was  eighteen  years  of  age.  He 
then  learned  the  carpenter's  trade,  which  he  followed  for  about  ten  years.  From  1869 
until  1870  he  was  engaged  in  the  grocery  business  at  Harrisburg,  Penn.,  aud  in  the  latter 
year  moved  to  Roxbury,  Cumberland  County,  where  he  engaged  in  mercantile  business, 


aEADING    TOWNSHIP.  505 

keeping  dry  goods  and  groceries,  and  thus  continued  for  two  years.  In  1871  tie  came  to 
Bampton,  "where  he  has  been  engaged  in  business  ever  since.  He  keeps  a  good  stock  of 
groceries,  has  a  large  trade,  and  Ua^  won  the  confldeno  of  the  entire  com 
munity  by  dealing  honestl}  with  all  He  was  married  Man  b  12,  1 870  to  Sarah  A  .  daugh- 
ihn  and  Elizabeth  (Snader)  Cline,  aatives  of  Lancaster  County,  Penn.  Mr  and 
Mi-  Myers  are  the  parents  of  five  children,  four  of  whom  are  living,  Raymond,  Luther, 
Clara  and  Minnie;  the  deceased  was  an  infant.  The  pan  nU  are  mi  mbers  of  tbe  Lutheran 
Church.     Mi  ippointed  postmaster  in  1871,  and  served  until  1875 

CORNELIUS  smith,  retired  farmer,  P  0.  Hampton,  was  born  iugusl  26,  I 

Adams  County,  Penn.,  and  is  a  son  of  Jacob  and   Margaret  (Crumb)  Smith,  aatives  of 

r  was  a  farmer  and  moved  to  Adams  County,  Penn  .  at  an  early  day, 

lived  until  his  death  in  is;s.    Our  subject  was  reared  on  a  farm,  and  remained 

with  his  parents  until  he  was  thirty  five  years  of  age,  when  lie  commenced  farming  on  his 

ount  and  lived  on  the  homestead  six  years     In  1866  he  moved  to  Hampton  and 

bought  the  property  where  he  now  resides,  and  where  tie  has  followed  farming  until  last 

b.en  he  retired.     He  owns  twenty  five  acres  ol  good  land.     March  6, 1860,  he  mar 

ried  Nanc]  Dicks.    Mr.  Smith  is  an  enterprising,  intelligent  citizen;  Mrs.  Smith  is  a  mem- 

bei  of  i  he  Presbyterian  <  Ihurcb 

GEORGE  W.  8PANGLEB.  miller,  P  0.  Hampton,  was  bom  in  Reading  Township, 
this  county,  Januan  81,  1844,  and  is  a  son  ol   Rudolph  and  Mary  (Snyder)  Spangler,  na- 
His  father  spent  his  life  in  agricultural  pursui 
i     I  on  a  farm,  remaining  at  home  until  he  was  ten  j  ears  ol  age,  h  hen 
he  was  put  out  among  strangers  until  eighteen  years  of  age      He  then  learned  the  miller's 
A.theburg's  Mill,  serving  an  apprenticeship  of  one  year.     He  has  worked  in  dif- 
ferent places  ever  since     He  lias  lately  rented  the  grist-mill  owned  by  William  P.  Himes, 

about  two  miles  northwest  of  Hampton,   which  he  has  operated  al t  one  year. 

ompetent  miller  and  does  good  work.     He  is  a  member  of  the  Reformed  Church; 
politically  he  is  a  Democrat. 

JOHN  SPANGLER,  farmer,  P.  O.  New  Chester,  brother  of  the  above,  was  born  in 
Reading  Township,  this  countj  .  March  I.  L845.  He  was  reared  on  the  farm  and  n 
with  his  mother  all  his  life,  his  father  having  died  when  he  was  but  four  months  old.  He 
now  owns  sixty-four  acres  of  land  where  he  resides.  He  married  January  30,  1870, 
Amelia  Morrow,  daughter  of  Samuel  and  Sarah  Morrow,  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  and  to 
this  union  were  born  three  children;  G"eorgiana,  Charles  and  James  Franklin.  Mr.  and 
Mrs  Spangler  are  members  of  the  Reformed  Church,  and  in  politics  he  is  a  Democrat. 

DR.  DAVID  M.  C.  WHITE,  P.  O.  Hampton,  was  horn  November  8,  1820,  near 
Hampl.ni.  A.dams  County,  ason  of  David  and  Sarah  (Dicks)  White,  also  natives  of  tbe 
same  county.  His  father  followed  farming  until  1826,  when  he  moved  to  Hampton  and 
intile  business,  which  he  followed  for  a  number  of  years.  Later  he  engaged 
i  ating,  but  died  suddenly  at  Fort  Wayne,  [nd.,  August  10,  1853,  and  was  buried  in 
Hamilton.  Our  subject  was  six  vcat's  ..f  age  when  his  parents  moved  to  Hamilton.  In 
early  life  he  received  a  good  education  and  assisted  in  his  father's  store.  Later  he 
studied  dentistry  and  located  in  Hampton,  where  he  has  since  resided  and  where  he  has 
an  extensive  practice,     in  1845  he  married  Retura  S.  Blish,  who  bore  him  seven  children: 

Emma,  Wert.  David,  John,  Sarah  and  Heber,  live  of  Whom  are  now  living.      Mrs. 

White  died  October  1,  1868      Her  father,  Dr.  Charles  Blish,  was  a  native  of  Massachusetts 

and  one  of  the  pioneer  settlers  of  Hampton.  Adams  Co.,  Penn..  where  he  located   in  1818, 

and  established  an  extensive  practice.     He  was  also  the  first  postmaster  of  Hampton,  and 

took  an  active  part  in  everything  calculated  to  huild   up  the  place  and    promote  the  inter- 
ests of  the  community.     He  died  May  9,  1861,  at  the  age  of  sixty-nine  years,  leaving  three 
daughters:  Retura,  Hannah  and  Addie.     Dr.  White's  second  marriage  took  place  m  1876. 
JACOB   WOLF,    merchant,    Hampton,   was  lorn   in    Adams   County.    Penn.,   .lone    I. 
d  is  a  son  of  .Tames  and  Polly  (Little)  Wolf,  natives  of  Pennsylvania.     His  enind- 
-  .-.ere  also  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  hut  his  great  grandfather  was  hom  in  Ger- 
many,   .lames  Wolf,  in  early  life,  was  engaged  al  carriage-making    but  later  toll.,  wed  the 
trad,'- id'  a  chair-maker,  and  died  in  Adams  Countj  March   16,  1855,  and  was  buried  in 

Hampton   Cemetery.      Our  subject  was    reared   near    New   Chester,  where    he  lean 

chair-maker's  trade,  which  he  followed  for  thirty  years  at  different   points,     in    L858  he 

entered  mercantile  business  al    Hampton,  Which  he   continued  Until  1865,  when    he  moved 

to  Hollinstown,  Cumberland  County,  and  engaged  in  the  sa  for  four  years. 

working  one  year  at  his  trade.     In  1869  he  moved  to  Hunterstown,  where  he  bought   a 

which  he  rented  out,  working  at  his  trade  for  twelve  years.     In  1880 

1  his  farm,  moved  back  to  Hampton,  and  again  entered  mercantile  business,  winch 

nice  followed.     He  was  married  January  B,  1848,  to  Marj  A  .  daughter  ol  Griffith 

and  Anna  E.  Conner,  and  to  this  union  ten  children  were  horn,    nine  ol    u  I i  are  In  mg: 

(an  Evangelical  missionary  in  the  Indian  Territory),  Martha  A,  Susan  A,  Rosa 
- '  .  Marv  A..  George  B.  M.  and  Effle;  the  deceased  was  an  infant  son. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wolf  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Church.     He  has  served  as  township 
clerk. 


506  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 


CHAPTER  LXVII. 
STRABAN  TOWNSHIP. 

W.  D.  BREAM,  farmer,  P.  O.  Unity,  was  born  in  Butler  Township,  this  county, 
March  24,  1840,  and  is  the  son  of  John  and  Margaret  (Myers)  Bream,  natives  of  this  coun- 
ty. The  father  was  a  farmer,  and  reared  a  family  of  five  children,  of  whom  W.  D.  is  the 
eldest.  Our  subject  was  reared  on  the  farm  and  educated  at  the  schools  of  his  neighbor- 
hood. He  chose  the  vocation  of  farming  and  in  it  has  met  with  success.  He  is  also  a 
natural  mechanic,  and  is  able  to  turn  his  hand  to  any  kind  of  mechanism.  He  was  mar- 
ried, in  1866,  to  Anna  E,,  daughter  of  Jonas  Rebert,  and  of  German  descent.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Bream  are  the  parents  of  the  following  named  children:  Harry  C.  Ella  M..  John  M., 
Edwin-  8.,  Edith  A.,  Mary  X  and  Edna  Merttle.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bream  are  members  of 
the  Lutheran  Church.     In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat. 

ISAAC  F.  BRINKERHOFF,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  P.  O.  Granite  Hill,  was  born 
on  the  farm  where  he  now  resides  February  16,  1825,  a  son  of  James  and  Susan  (Range) 
Brinkerhoff ;  the  latter  a  native  of  this  county  and  of  German  descent.  His  father,  grand- 
father (Johu  Brinkerhoff)  and  great-grandfather  were  all  born  on  the  farm,  which  is  now 
occupied  by  the  seventh  generation,  and  which  formerly  consisted  of  640  acres,  but  which 
now  numbers  only  112.  James  and  Susan  Brinkerhoff' s  family  consisted  of  six  children, 
of  whom  Isaac  F.  is  the  second.  Our  subject  received  a  rudimentary  education,  and  from 
his  youth  up  has  been  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits.  In  1846  he  was  united  in  mar- 
riage with  Margaret,  daughter  of  Nicholas  Moritz,  a  farmer  of  German  origin.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Brinkerhoff  have  a  family  of  rive  children,  as  follows:  J.  Frank  (employed  in  the 
Government  Mint,  at  Philadelphia).  Mary  Jane,  Anna.  Maggie  and  Fannie.  The  family 
are  members  of  the  Reformed  Church,  in  which  Mr.  Brinkerhoff  is  elder.  He  has  also 
served  as  school  director.     In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat. 

AMOS  CASHMAN,  farmer  and  stock-grower.  P.  O.  Plainview,  was  born  on  the  farm 
where  he  now  resides  January  25,  1833,  a  son  of  George  and  Rebecca  (Thomas)  Cashman, 
also  natives  of  this  county;  former,  a  farmer.  Their  family  consisted  of  five  sons,  all  liv- 
ing, of  whom  our  subject  is  the  third.  Amos  was  reared  on  the  farm  where  he  now  re- 
sides, and  where  he  has  lived  all  his  life,  except  two  years  spent  in  Ohio.  He  has  made 
farming  his  business,  and  is  the  owner  of  seventy-five  acres  in  Straban  Township.  He  has 
been  twice  married;  first  in  1865,  to  Lydia  Ann  Deardorff,  who  bore  him  five  children; 
Caroline  E.,  Rebecca  E..  Mary  Jane,  Emma  Kate  and  Absalom.  Mrs.  Cashman  died  in 
1875,  and  in  1877  our  subject  married  Lucy  Shull,  a  lady  of  German  descent,  who  has 
borne  him  five  children:  Cora  E.,  Luther  F.,  Maggie  B.,  Amos  B.  and  Charles  H.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Cashman  are  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church.  Politically  he  is  a  Republican.  The 
Cashmans  are  of  German  origin  and  have  been  generally  agriculturists.  The  farm  where 
our  subject  now  resides  lias  been  in  the  possession  of  the  family  ninety-four  years. 

JOHN  CLEVELAND,  farmer,  P.  O.  Unity,  was  born  on  the  farm  where  he  now  re- 
sides February  7,  1831,  a  son  of  John  and  Sophia  (Essick)  Cleveland;  latter  a  native  of 
this  county.  His  father,  who  was  a  native  of  New  York  and  of  English  descent,  fol- 
lowed farming  and  died  March  6,  1872.  Their  family  consisted  of  four  children,  three  of 
whom  survive,  our  subject  being  the  third.  The  paternal  grandfather,  Frederick  Cleve- 
land, came  from  New  York  to  Pennsylvania,  participated  in  the  Revolutionary  war.  and 
the  paternal  great-grandfather.  Jabez  Cleveland,  was  killed  at  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill. 
The  paternal  grandmother,  Mrs.  Cleveland,  was  Maria  VauBuren,  of  Dutch  extraction, 
born  in  New  York,  daughter  of  Henry  VanBuren,  a  full  brother  of  ex-President  Martin 
VauBuren's  father,  which  made  her  mother  a  first  cousin  to  the  ex-President.  Our  sub- 
ject was  reared  on  the  farm  and  educated  in  the  common  schools.  He  married,  January 
21,  1864,  Anna  M.  Lower,  daughter  of  George  C.  and  Sarah  (Crum)  Lower,  who  were  of 
German  origin;  former  a  carpenter  aud  farmer.  The  names  of  the  children  of  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Cleveland  are  as  follows:  George  Elmer,  Sally  K.,  John  Emory,  Anna  Mary.  Ella 
Margaret  (deceased)  and  Robert  Calvin.  The  family  are  members  of  the  German  Re- 
formed Church.  In  politics  Mr.  Cleveland  is  a  Republican.  By  referring  to  the  history 
of  the  Cleveland  family  it  is  found  that  our  subject  is  a  relative  of  President  Cleveland. 

EPHRAIM  DEARDORFF,  farmer  and  stock  grower,  P.  O.  Gettysburg,  is  a  native 
of  this  county,  horn  January  19,  1822,  a  son  of  Daniel  and  Eva  M.  (Miller)  Deardorff, 
the  former  of  whom  was  born  of  German  parents  in  this  county,  where  he  spent  most  of 
his  life;    the  latter  was  born  in  York   County,  Penn.     Ephraim,  their  only  child,  was 


•  STRABAN    TOWNSHIP.  r'07 

educated  in  the  district  school,  and  from  his  youth  has  followed  agricultural  pursuits.  In 
which  he  lias  been  successful.  He  is  the  owner  of  150  acres  of  land  on  which  he  resides 
ami  which  he  acquired  by  Industry  and  Belf  denial.  In  1844,  he  married  Jane  M.  Deam 
ree  who  bore  him  the  following  named  children:  Barah  B.,  Mary  M  .  John  and  l>.  w.,  a 
farmer  and  teacher.  Mr-.  Deardorff  died  October  86,  !*">•;.  and  A ngusl  38,  1855,  our  bud- 
jecl  was  anited  in  marriage  with  Anna  M.  Lott,  to  which  union  were  born  Jacob  (de- 
Elizabeth  E.,  Ephraim  Oscar,  Anna  Belle  (a  teacher),  Charles  Howard  and  Will- 
iam Hem  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Deardorff  arc  members  of  the  German  Baptist  Church, 
in  which  denomination  he  has  been  deacon.  He  is  a  useful,  influential  farmer,  and  it  is 
said  of  him  that  ao  man  was  •  ver  turned  from  his  door  hungry. 

W  Vl.'l  i'K    11     DECHERT.  farmer  and  BtOCk   raiser,   P.  0.  New  Chester,  was  born   m 

Ohambersburg,  Franklin  Co.,  Penn  .  Maj  3,  1854,  a  son  of  Peter  and  Margaret  (Hoffman) 

Decherl  the  latter  Of  whom  was  horn  on  the  farm  where  \\  alter  11.  now  resides,  in  Mill' 
bau  Township  and  with  whom  she  make- her  home.  IVier  Decherl  was  horn  in  Cham 
origin,  and  for  many  years  was  proprietor  and  editor  of  the  Valley 
Spirit  al  Cbambersburg,  and  was  widely  known  for  his  ability  a-  an  editor.  Politically 
he  was  a  Democrat     He  died  March  I,  1875.  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church.     He  was 

■  man  Of  enterprise  and  a  citizen  of  much   influence  in  the  community.      Ills    famih   COD 
Bieted   of  two  children,  of  whom  Walter    II.    survives.      Our   suhjeet    received    a    common 

school  education  in  youth,  and  later  attended  the  Pennsylvania  College,  al  Gettysburg. 

He  adopted  farming  "as  his  vocation,  at  which  lie  has  been  very  successful,  and  is  Hie 
owner  of  832  acres  of  land  where  lie  resides,  which  is  well  improved  and  stocked.  In 
is;:,  be  married  Emma  Thomas,  of  German  origin.  They  have  one  child— Meryin  ttoy. 
Mr  and  Mr-  Decherl  are  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church,  oi  which  he  ba  been 
deacon.    In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat.     He  is  one  of  Straban's  prominent  farmers. 

AMOS  \l  DETRICK,  farmer  and  slock  raiser.  P.  O.  Gettysburg,  was  horn  in  Ileui- 
teraburg,  this  county,  November  20,  1889,  a  son  of  David  and  Elizabeth  (Houck)  Detrw*. 
native-  ,,f  Pennsylvania,  latter  of  whom  was  horn  in  Lancaster  County,  Penn.,  in  1B01, 
and  died  in  November,  1885.  His  father  was  born  in  this  county  in  180l>,  and  sti  1  sur- 
vives; he  is  of  German  descent;  was  in  early  life  a  carpenter,  hut  later  a  farmer  and  mer- 
chant His  family  consisted  of  four  children.  Amos  M.  was  reared  on  the  farm  and  has 
alwavs  followed  agricultural  pursuits.  He  ha-  passed  his  life  in  this  county,  except  some 
year-  alter  the  war  which  he  spent  in  Maryland.      In  1802  he  enlisted  in  the  One  Hundred 


Gap  Charlestown.  Smithtield,  New  Market.  The  distance  he  traveled  was,  by  rail,  (USD 
miles;  by  water.  685  miles;  distance  marched,  1,975  miles;  total.  8,425  miles,  lie  served 
until  the  close  of  the  war.  when  he  was  honorably  discharged,  and  has  smce  lolloweil 
farming.  June  9.  1801.  Mr.  Detrick  married  Lydia  A  .  daughter  o!  Jonathan  t  .  Borest, 
who  lived  to  be  ninety  two  years  old.  and  was  never  sick  a  day  in  hi-  life,  except  the  two 
weeks  before  his  death.  Mrs.  Detrick  is  of  German  origin,  and  a  member  Oi  the  Metnoa- 
i-t  Episcopal  Church.  Mr.  Detrick  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  and  commander  Oi  (  orp. 
SkellyPostNo.it.     He  is  a  Republican  in  politics.  . 

•I  R  DICKSON  A.  M  .  M.  D..  Hunterstown,  was  born  near  this  place  bebruary-SJ, 
1853,  a  son  of  John  ami  Martha  E.  (Campbell)  Dickson,  natives  of  Pennsylvania  His 
paternal  and  maternal  ancestor-  were  among  the  early  Scotch-Irish  settler-  ol  StraDan 
Town-hip  this  county.  Hi-  father  was  a  farmer,  and  bis  family  consisted  ol  five  chil- 
dren, the  Doctor  being  the  second.  Our  subjectwas  reared  on  the  (arm.  attended  the  com- 
mon   school,  and    -pent    two    years   at    Ohambersburg   Academy  under  the   instruction  01 

Prof  siminaker.  then  entered  Lafayette  College.  Penn.,  and  graduated  in  the  class  ot 

1877  The  same  year  he  entered  tin  medical  department  of  the  University  of  Pennsylva- 
nia, where  he  -ra.l i. at e.  1  in  IKKO.  and  has  been  in  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Straban 
Town-hip  since  1S81.  He  married.  January  81,  1888,  Margarel  R.,  daughter  ol  Join,  and 
Rebecca  (TanghinbaughiMcCrea.  of  Scotch  Irish  origin;  former  of  whom  wassuperintend- 

ent    of  iron   furnace-   in    Armstrong  County,  Penn..  many  years.      Mr    and    Mrs.  UlcKsotl 

are  parents  of  the  following  children;  James  Allen,  Martha  Campbell,  and  an  infant  not 
named.     Mrs.  Dickson  is  a  consistent  member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church.     Mr.  Dickson 

-,  boo!  director,  and  at  present  is  justice  of  the  peace  ot  in-  township.    He  is  tne 
owner  of  240  acres  of  land,  well  improved  and  valuable,  where  be  resides.    _ 

JOSEPH  A.  DIEHL,  farmer  and  thresher,  P.  0  Plainview,  was  born  in  this  county, 
November  7, 1*40,  a  so,,  of  Samuel  la  farmer)  and  Catherine  (Bream)  Diehl  natives  of 
York  and  Adams  Counties.  Penn..  respectively,  ami  of  German  origin.  I  heir  family  con 
sisted  of  seven  children,  Joseph  A  being  n, e  fourth.  Our  subjeci  was  reared  on  the  farm, 
received  hi-  education  in  the  common  schools,  and  chose  farming  as  hi-  occupation,  in 
connection  with  which,  lor  Beventeen  years,  he  has  operated  a  threshing  machine 
la-t  eight  years  a  -ten,  thresher.  In  1868  he  married  Anna  Man  Heagy,  daughteroi 
John  and  Amanda  (Weigle)  Heagy,  natives  of  this  county,  and  of  German  origin       Mr 


508  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

and  Mrs.  Diehl  have  one  child — Hermie  Irene — whose  profession  is  music  teaching.  The 
family  are  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church.     In  politics  Mr.  Diehl  is  a  Repuhlican. 

S.  A.  GILLILAND,  farmer  and  stock  grower,  P.  O.  Gettysburg,  was  born  on  the  farm 
where  he  now  resides,  June  4,  1834,  a  son  of  Flemming  and  Sarah  Gilliland.  natives  of  Stra- 
ban  Township,  this  county.  His  paternal  and  maternal  ancestors  were  among  the  early 
Scotch-Irish  settlers  of  Adams  County,  and  many  of  them  participated  in  the  Revolution 
and  also  in  the  war  of  1813.  Our  subject's  father,  who  was  a  farmer  by  occupation,  was 
a  soldier  in  the  latter  struggle.  His  family  consisted  of  four  children,  three  of  whom 
are  still  living:  J.  J.  F.,  a  druggist  in  Texas;'  S.  A.:  and  Sarah  E.,  who  resides  in  Gettys- 
burg. S.  A.  grew  to  manhood  in  Straban  Township  on  the  farm  where  he  now  resides, 
and  was  educated  at  the  country  school.  As  an  agriculturist  he  has  met  with  great  suc- 
cess, and  his  farm  consists  of  225  acres  of  land.  In  1865  he  married  Margaret  G.,  daugh- 
ter of  James  McKuight,  of  Allegheny  County,  Penn.,  and  their  union  was  blessed  with 
five  children,  three  now  living;  W.  Fleming,  Sarah  E.  and  John  H.  Mrs.  Gilliland  died 
May  20,  1885.  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  Politically  Mr.  Gilliland  is  a  Dem- 
ocrat. His  grandfather  was  a  judge  and  held  the  first  court  in  Adams  County;  also  was 
in  the  State  Senate  a  number  of  terms. 

DR.  CHARLES  EDWARD  GOLDSBOROUGH.  Huuterstown,  was  bom  December 
16,  1834.  at  Graceham,  Frederick  Co..  Md.,  and  studied  medicine  iu  his  father's  office 
and  at  the  University  of  Maryland.  His  family  on  his  father's  side  were  Anglo-Saxon, 
and  on  his  mother's  Scotch.  His  paternal  ancestors  were  seated  at  Goldsborough  Hall, 
near  Knaresborough,  Yorkshire.  England,  on  several  cates  of  land  granted  to  the'head  of 
the  family  by  William  the  Conqueror.  The  head  of  the  family  in  America  was  an  officer 
iu  the  British  Army,  who  settled  near  Cambridge,  Dorchester  Co.,  Md.,  in  early  colonial 
times.  Robert  Goldsborough.  the  great-grandfather  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was  a 
distinguished  black-letter  lawyer,  and,  although  educated  at  the  Middle  Temple,  in  Lon- 
don, and  married  there  Miss  Sarah  Yerbury,  he  headed  the  Maryland  Delegation  in  the 
First  and  Second  Continental  Congresses  that  met  in  Carpenter's  Hall,  Philadelphia,  in 
1774-76,  against  the  mother  country.  He  supported  and  voted  for  Richard  Henry  Lee's 
resolution,  July  2,  and  also  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  July  4,  1776;  but  as  the  Dec- 
laration was  ordered  to  be  engrossed  and  was  not  signed  until  August  2,  following,  a  sick- 
ness, that  soon  after  proved  fatal,  prevented  his  being  present  at  that  time,  and  it  was 
signed  by  Charles  Carroll,  of  Carrollton.  who  succeeded  him,  but  was  not  a  member  when 
the  bill  was  passed,  July  4.  His  son  William,  also  a  lawyer  by  profession,  married  Miss 
Sallie  Worthington,  of  Aunapolis,  Md.,  and  located  at  Frederick  City  after  the  Revolu- 
tionary war,  where,  in  May,  1804,  Leander  W.,  his  youngest  son.  was  born,  who  married 
Sarah  Ann,  daughter  of  Capt,  Perry  Dunkin,  who  for  many  years  sailed  from  Baltimore, 
and  was  finally  lost  in  the  ship  "  Cervantes."  From  this  marriage  six  sons  and  one  daugh- 
ter were  born,  Charles  Edward  being  the  third  child.  After  crossing  the  plains  with  an 
ox-team,  during  the  immigration  to  California,  in  1853,  he   returned  via  Cape  Horn,  in 

1854,  and  commenced  the  practice  of  medicine  in  Hunterstown,  Adams  Co.,  Penn.,  in 

1855.  March  4,  1857.  he  married  Mary  McC.  Neely,  daughter  of  the  late  Capt.  John 
Neely,  by  whom  he  had  two  daughters;  Grace  Anniev  born  Januarys,  1858.  and  now  mar- 
ried to  James  F.  Bell,  and  Mary  McConaughy,  born  March  4,  1860,  and  died  August  31, 
1860.  His  wife  dying  March  10.  1860,  he  entered  the  United  States  Army  at  Frederick 
City,  Md.,  soon  after  the  battle  of  Ball's  Bluff,  and  assisted  in  establishing  the  United 
States  General  Hospital  at  that  place.  Upon  the  invasion  of  Maryland  by  Gen.  Lee  he 
was  captured,  September,  6,  1862,  but.  upon  Lee  evacuating  the  city,  was  released  and 
did  efficient  service  after  the  battle  of  Antietam,  as  executive  officer,  in  establishing  hos- 
pitals for  the  wounded  at  Frederick.  At  the  battle  of  Winchester,  Va..  June  15,  1863,  he 
was  again  captured  on  the  field  at  Carter's  Woods,  by  his  brother,  William,  who  was 
serving  as  major  of  the  Second  Maryland  Infantry,  Confederate  States  Army,  and  sent  to 
Libby  prison,  where  he  was  confined  a  prisoner  until  November  following,  when  he  re- 
ceived the  following  parole: 

"Richmond,  October  20,  1863. 

"Dr.  Charles  E.  Goldsborough  has  permission  to  go  North,  upon  his  giving  his  parole 
of  honor  to  return  to  Richmond,  Va.,  within  forty  days,  if  he  does  not  secure  the  acqui- 
escence of  the  Federal  authorities  in  the  following  propositions,  to  wit:  That  all  surgeons 
on  both  sides  shall  be  unconditionally  released,  except  such  as  have  charges  preferred 
against  them.  Such  proposition  is  to  be  understood  as  embracing  not  only  those  already 
in  captivity,  but  all  surgeons  who  may  hereafter  be  captured.  Ro.  OtJLD. 

"  Agent  of  Exchange." 

(Indorsed.)  "  I  accept  the  conditions  proposed  in  the  above  instrument  of  writing, 
and  hereby  give  my  parole  of  honor  to  comply  with  its  requirements. 

"C.  E.  GOIDSBOROUGH, 

"  First  Assistant  Surgeon  Fifth  Regiment  Maryland  Infantry." 

Aided  by  Sec.  S.  P.  Chase  and  others,  he  succeeded  in  effecting  the  release  of  about 
100  Federal  surgeons  confined  in  Libby  prison,  and  more  than  as  many  Confederate  sur- 


STKABAN    TOWNSHIP. 


509 


wons  confined  in  Fori  McHenry;  but  through  the  oppos i  ol  i 

Si.  Stanton  he  was  unable  to  do  anything  toward  effecting  a  general  exchange  ol  prison- 

.  waa  doped      In  December,  1888,  he  wa  o  dutj  a1  Fori   Delav 

hefound  hisbrother  William,  who  had  been  Beveriy  woun  ptured  al   Gettys- 

burg and  E  Gilmore's  battalion  of  ca?  ilri    both  prisoners  of  war. 

Eugene  dteda  prisonei    and  William,  after  being  senl  to  Morns  [aland  and  Fort    I  ulaski, 

eturned  to  Fori  Delaware  and  released  in  July,  1865,  after  being  a  prisoner  more 
than  two  vears  [n  the  soring  of  1864  Dr.  Goldsborough  went  with  bis  regiment  to  Ber- 
&Huffi-.onthrjamresliver,  and  joined  thefts  of  Gen  B   F  Buto.  and assisted 

in  the  sii of  Petersburg,  where  he  was  wounded  July  6, 1864,  ape  sent  to  Chesapeake 

Hospital.  A.',,,-  his  recovery,  being  unfit  for  field  duty  because  o  disability  «>«»tracted  in 
dutj  al  Lincoln  Hospital,  in  Washington,  1>.  (  .,  wher.  hi 
remained  until  August,  1865,  when  1...  returned  to  Hunterstown  and  resumed  bis  prac 
,ged  extensively  in  [arming.  November  11.  1886  he  married  Miss  Alice  E., 
daughter  of  Jesse  McCreery,  and  had  ten  children,  as  follows:  Eugene  Worthington, 
bortf  A.pril  9  1868;  Al.-  Lenore,  born  January  28,  L870;  Virginia  G.,  born  August  29, 
is;i;  Pannie  Josephine,  born  Maj  S,  1874;  Charles  Edward,  born  September  15,  1875;  Mar- 
tha Bstelle,  born  March  25,  1877;  Sara  Neva,  born  Beptember  *  1878;  Vera  S  bom  May 
m  L880'  Robert  McCreery,  born  Septembers,  1881;  and  died  March  1.1888;  and  William 
Worthineton  born  March  29  L888  In  politics  Dr,  Goldsborough,  although  descended 
from  oldFederal  Btock,  early  in  life  embraced  the  faith  of  Jefferson  and  Jackson,  ami  al- 
ways ee ised  Democratic  principles;  but  when   the  party   became  contaminated  with 

Hamiltonianism,  he  refused  to  be  bound  by  its  conventions,  and  voted  independents  tor 
such  candidates  a.  nearest  conformed  to  his  political  news  He  tennis  the  mug- 
wump "  as  the  offspring  of  political  adultery,     lie  is  a  member  of  Corp.  Skellj  lost,  JNo. 

'     GEORGE  J.GROVE,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  i'.  <>.  Gettysburg,  was  born  in  Wesl 
minster    Carrol]    Co      Md.,  June  19, 1848,  a    son  of  Jacob  and    Mary  (Harbod)  Grove; 

the  latter  a  native  of  Pennsyb  m  descent.    Th.  father  was  bornin  Mar- 

tinsburg,  Va.,  March  31,  1790,  of  German  descent.  Hewasasono  Jacob,  Sr.,  who  was 
a  native  of  Germany,  a  wheelwright  (he  spelled  bis  name  Groff  insteadoi  Grove).  Jacob 
Jr.,  was  also  a  wheelwright  in  early  life,  having  learned  his  trade  in  Hanover  bu  later 
followed  farming.  He  was  twice  married,  George  J.  being  the  third  child  bj  he  second 
witv.  Our  subject  was  educated  al  Westminster,  Md.;  has  traveled  over  most  ol  the 
western  country,  ami  [or  a  lime  was  engaged  in  mining;  has  made  altogether.flve  trips  to 
the  far  West.  On  his  return  in  1883  he  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits  on  the  farm  eft 
by  install,.,-,  which  consists  of  130  acres.  His  motler  is  still  Living,  and  resides  wu 
bin.,  la  1886,  Mr  Grove  married  Amanda,  daughter  oi  Jacob  Foot,  a  [armer,  she  is  of 
German  origin  and  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church.  Mr.  Grove  is  a  member  of  the 
United  Brethren  Church,  and  also  a  teacher  in  the  Sunday-school.  Politically,  he  is  a 

PFb  A^HANKEY,  [armer  a  ower,  1'.  0.  Gettysburg,  was  bornin  Cumber- 

land Township,  this  county,  March  6,  1886,  a  son  of  Jacob  and  Elizabeth  (Shnver)  Han 
key.  natives  of  Maryland  and  of  German  origin.  Jacob  was  a  farmer  and  also  a  cattle 
dealer  and  drover  «  hich  occupation  he  followed  for  many  year,.  His  family cons  st,  ,i I 
eight  children,  F.  A.  being  the  [ourth.  Our  subject's  earlj  education  was  obtained  at  the 
common  schools  and  later  at  Pennsylvania  College,  Gettysburg,  lie  was  reared  on  the 
farm  and  has  followed  agricultural  pursuits,  in  which  he  has  met  with  Buccess  in  1  _',.., 
he  married  Ellen  C,  daughter  of  Joseph  Wible  ol  G,  rman  ""'Jin  1"  Mr.  a i.d  J  rs 
Hankev  the  following  named  children  wereborn:  Joseph  8.  G.,  B.  W.,  p.  S.,  >''••''' 
Rebecca  A.,  and  Willie  Fred.  .Mr.  and  Mrs.  llankey  are  members  of  the  Lutheran 
Church.  He  enlisted  in  i*H3.  in  the  One  Hundred  and  Sixty-fifth  Pennsylvania  \  olui  teer 
Infantry,  and    served  on   detaehed  duty  most   of  the  time,      lie  entered  I  he  enemy   s     in   s 

ami  was  the  first  man  to  go  through  the  enemy's  camp  at  Gettysburg  %°d  report  »°  Gm. 

Meade  what  he  -aw.    After  the  battle  of  Gettysburg  he  look  charge  of  the  hospital  here 

^OsVpFHOLTzTarmer  and  sto  P.  O.  Ne*  Chester  was  born  in  Straban 

Township,  this  county.  September  'J.  1839,  a  son  of  Frederick  and  Sarah  Snyder)  Holtz, 
natives  ,'f  York  ami  l'e.ry  Counties,  Fen,,.,  respectively.  The  family  are  of  Jrench- 
Germao  descent.  The  Grandfather  Holt/,  was  a  soldier  in  th.  Revolutionary  war,  whOe 
crossing  the  ocean  was  Bhipwrecked,  but  wassaved  by  clinging  to  a  mast.  Alter  arriv- 
ing  in  America,  he  workedin  th,  powder  mill  at  Philadelphia,  to  pay  hisP^age™ 
Frederick  Holtz  was  married  in  York  County,  in  1883,  and  had  a  family  of  seven  children 
of  whom  Joseph  is  the  sixth.  Our  subject  was  reared  on  the  farm  and  educated  in  the 
common  schools  and  Pennsylvania  College,  Gettysburg.  For  three  ye*™^  "*•"" 
in  the  grocen  and  produce  business  in  New  Oxford,  under  the  firm  name  of  Myers * 
Holtz.  Since  then  In-  ha-  been  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits  and  is  1 1..-  ownei  ..  lb. 
acres  of  land.  The  names  of  his  brother*  and  sisters  are  as  follows;  (.  an.  me.  s  ,  ( wife 
of  P.  C.  Harbold).  Susan  (wife  of  B.  F.  Leineberger),  David  (a  farmer),  Abraham  (a  phy- 
sician, who  died  in  Hampton  i  and  G.  W.    farmer). 


510  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

ISAAC  N.  HULICK,  farmer,  P.  O.  New  Chester,  was  born  on  the  farm  where  lie  now 
resides,  in  Straban  Township,  this  county,  January  7,  1840,  a  son  of  Jacob'and  Sarah  (Mon- 
fort)  Huliek;  former  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  both  of  low  Dutch  origin.  Latter  died 
June  18,  1858.  His  father,  a  tanner  in  early  life  but  later  a  farmer,  died  March  29,  1882; 
he  came  into  possession  of  the  farm  in  1839  from  the  executor  of  David  Demeree.  Isaac 
N.,  the  eldest  of  the  family  of  two  children,  was  reared  on  the  farm,  receiving  his  educa- 
tion in  Hunterstown  Academy.  He  engaged  in  farming  and  owns  the  farm  of  ninety-eight 
acres  where  he  now  resides,  which  is  well  improved  and  well  stocked.  In  1868,  he  married 
Elizabeth  A.  Haverstock,  a  daughter  of  Isaac  Haverstock,  who  was  a  farmer  and  of  Ger- 
man origin,  and  their  children  are  as  follows:  Jacob  ML,  Sarah  Olive,  William  N.,  Mary 
Jane  and  John  Luther.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Huliek  are  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church.  He 
is  a  Republican  in  politics. 

J.  B.  LEAS,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  P.  O.  Gettysburg,  was  born  in  Menallen  Town- 
ship, September  2,  1823,  son  of  Joseph  and  Margaret  (Bender)  Leas,  natives  of  this  county. 
The  father  was  a  brick-layer  in  early  lite,  and  later  a  farmer.  His  family  consisted  of 
three  sons  and  three  daughters.  J.  B.,  being  the  second  child.  The  early  life  of  our  sub- 
ject was  spent  with  his  parents  on  the  farm,  and  his  education  was  acquired  at  the  district 
school,  and  from  his  youth  to  the  present  has  followed  agricultural  pursuits.  By  his 
energy  and  industry  he  has  succeeded  and  is  now  the  owner  of  187  acres  in  Straban  Town- 
ship, on  which  he  resides.  In  1850,  he  married  Mary  A.  Walter,  a  daughter  of  Adam 
Walter,  of  Gettysburg.  Her  parents  are  of  German  origin,  while  Mr.  Leas  is  of  French 
and  German.  To  them  have  been  born  six  children:  Louisa  S.,  Ellen  Mary,  Maggie  So- 
phia, Anna  K.,  J.  Walter  and  John  H.,  a  farmer.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Leas  are  members  of  the 
Lutheran  Church  in  which  he  has  been  deacon;  he  is  also  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  He 
possesses  the  respect  and  confidence  of  the  community  in  which  he  resides.  In  politics  he 
is  a  Republican. 

CORNELIUS  LOTT,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  P.  O.  Plainview,  was  born  in  Mount- 
pleasant  Township,  this  couuty,  in  1821,  to  Henry  (a  farmer)  and  Magdalena  (Houghtelin) 
Lott,  natives  of  Adams  County  and  of  Holland-Dutch  descent.  In  a  family  of  eleven 
children,  Cornelius  is  the  eldest.  He  spent  his  earlier  years  with  his  parents  on  the  farm; 
received  his  education  in  the  school  of  his  neighborhood;  and  since  youth  has  followed 
agricultural  pursuits.  He  is  the  owner  of  150  acres  of  land,  where  he  now  resides.  In 
1849  he  married  Elizabeth  Beggs,  who  died  in  1853,  in  Lauderdale  County,  Tenn.,  where 
he  resided  at  that  time.  He  then  married,  in  1857,  Mary  J.,  daughter  of  John  Mcllhenny, 
and  of  Scotch-Irish  origin.  She  has  borne  her  husband  four  children,  three  of  whom 
John  K.,  David  G.  and  M.  Lizzie  are  living.  Mr.  Lott  is  a  member  of  the  United  Presby- 
terian Church,  in  which  he  has  been  elder  for  eight  years,  and  Mrs.  Lott  is  a  member  of 
the  Presbyterian  Church.  He  is  a  Republican  in  politics;  and  takes  an  active  interest  in 
school  matters  and  the  education  of  his  children,  two  of  whom  are  teachers.  He  was  jury 
commissioner  from  1867  to  1870. 

JOHN  H.  MAJORS,  P.  O.  Gettysburg,  was  born  in  Adams  County,  Penn.,  May  25, 
1832,  and  is  a  son  or  Robert  and  Margaret  (Kerr)  Majors,  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  and  of 
Scotch-Irish  descent,  former  of  whom  was  a  farmer  in  early  life,  but  later  followed  mill- 
ing for  many  years,  and  died  in  Straban  Township,  this  county,  in  1854.  Their  family 
consisted  of  two  children:  John  H.  and  Margaret  Jane  (married  to  Harney  Scott,  now 
deceased).  John  H.  was  reared  on  the  farm,  educated  in  the  district  school,  and  chose 
farming  for  his  vocation,  which  he  has  continued  to  follow  to  the  present  time.  He  owns 
ninety-four  acres  of  land,  well  stocked  and  improved.  November  24,  1857,  he  married 
Martha  Jane,  daughter  of  Hugh  Mcllhenny,  who  is  still  living,  at  the  advanced  age  of 
eighty-four  years;  has  retired  from  active  duties,  and  now  resides  in  Gettysburg.  The 
children  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Majors  are  as  follows:  Margaret  Jane,  wife  of  S.  R.  Bayly; 
Robert  K.,  a  farmer;  and  Anna  H.  The  family  are  members  of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 
Politically  Mr.  Majors  is  a  Republican.  He  and  wife  are  very  highly  esteemed  in  the 
communitv  to  which  they  belong. 

JACOB  G.  McILHENNY,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  P.  O.  Hunterstown,  was  born 
in  Adams  County,  Penn.,  February  19,  1830,  a  son  of  Hugh  and  Ann  (Taughinbaugh) 
Mcllhenny,  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  and  of  Scotch-Irish  and  English  origin;  former  of 
whom  was  a  miller  and  a  farmer,  but  made  milling  his  principal  occupation.  They  had  a 
family  of  eight  children,  five  of  whom  are  living,  and  of  whom  Jacob  G.  is  the  second. 
Our  subject  was  reared  on  a  farm,  educated  at  the  common  schools,  and  learned  the  mill- 
ing trade  with  his  father,  which  business  he  followed  for  twenty  years,  but  of  late  years 
he  has  devoted  his  time  to  cultivating  the  farm  where  he  now  resides,  and  which  consists 
of  180  acres,  all  acquired  by  his  own  exertions.  Mr.  Mcllhenny  was  united  in  marriage, 
in  1854,  with  Miss  Sarah  A.,  daughter  of  Henry  Lott,  a  farmer.  Her  paternal  and  mater- 
nal ancestors  were  Holland-Dutch  and  early  settlers  of  this  county.  Mrs.  Mcllhenny 
was  a  very  successful  school  teacher,  and  taught  in  Adams  County  for  several  terms.  _  Our 
subject  and  wife  are  the  parents  of  the  following  children:  Henry  Lott,  now  a  practicing 
physician  in  the  State  of  Kansas;  William  Bell,  a  farmer  in  Adams  County;  Jacob  Harri- 
son, a  teacher  in  Kansas;  Robert  Alexander,  a  merchant  in   Ohio;  John  King,  with  his 


STRABAN   TOWNSHIP. 


511 


tether  on  the  farm-.  Rebecca  (deceased)  and  James  Gray.  The  family  are  members  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church,  oi  which  Mr.  Mollhenny  has  been  trustee  many  years.  He  takes 
great  interest  in  church  and  achool  mattera;  has  served  hisdwtncl  as  Bcbool  director  for 
six  yeara.  In  l*s-'  he  was  elected  county  commissioner  of  Adams  County,  aud  served  one 
term     Politically  he  is  a  Republican.  . 

JACOB  ROMMEL,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  P.  O.  Hunterstown,  wan  born  in 
Idams  Counts  Penn.  December  L8,  1885.8  son  of  Jacob  and  Elizabeth  (Stallsmith)  Rum- 
mel  They  were  of  German  orgin,  and  had  a  family  of  twelve  children,  of  whom  Jacob 
is  the  youngest    our  subject  was  reared  on  the  farm,  attended  the  district  school,  and 

subsequently  learned  the  carpenter's  trade,  and  devoted  his  time  to  that  occupation  for 
ten  years  then  turned  his  attention  to  agricultural  pursuits,  which  he  lias  since  success- 
fully followed  and  has  a  tine  farm,  on  which  he  and  his  family  now  reside  lie  was  mar- 
ried' March  18  1848,  to  Julian  Eckert,  of  German  extraction,  daughter  of  Henry  JflcKert, 
•i  farmer  and  an  early  settler  of  Adams  County.  Mrs.  Hummel  bore  her  husband  eight 
children  four  of  whom  are  still  living:  Charles  H..  a  farmer;  Hosanna  C.;  Emma;  Jacob 
E  a  farmer  residing  in  Straban  Township.  Mrs.  Rummel  died  January  19,  1884,  a  member 
of' the  Reformed  Church,  of  which  Mr.  Hummel  is  an  elder,  lie  enlisted,  in  18b4,  in 
Company  K,  One  Hundred  and  Eighty  fourth  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry.  Second 
Brigade,  Second   Corps,  and  served  until  the  close  of  the  war.     Politically  he  is  a  Re- 

PU' IACOB  C  SCHRIVER,  carpet  weaver,  P.O.  Gettysburg,  was  born  December  7, 
1816  a  sou  of  John  and  Elizabeth  (Chronister)  Schriver,  natives  of  Adams  County,  and 
of  German  origin.  The  ancestors  of  our  subject  came  from  Germany  to  America  about 
1726-  one  settling  in  Hampton.  Rending  Township,  one  at  Annapolis,  M.I..  and  another  at 
West  Philadelphia.  Our  subject  is  a  member  of  the  Hampton  branch  of  the  family.  Uis 
tether  was  a  weaver  by  occupation,  which  he  followed  until  his  eighty-fourth  year,  and 
died  in  his  eighty-eighth  year;  his  wife  lived  to  be  eighty  four  years  old.  Jacob  C.  was 
educated  in  the  district  school,  and  early  in  life  learned  the  weavers  trade  with  his 
father  and  has  made  that  his  principal  business  in  connection  with  bis  farm,  which  con- 
sists of  eighty-two  acres  of  land.  In  1840  be  married  Elizabeth  Reynolds,  a  daughter 
of  Jonathan  Reynolds,  and  of  French  and  German  descent,  Her  father,  who  was  a 
farmer  died  at  the  age  of  Beventjy  -yen  years.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Schriver  bad  a  lainily  of 
eight  children.  Ave  of  whom  are  stall  living;  Anna  Maria,  wife  of  John  Rummel;  Emma 
Amelia  wife  of  Henry  Weigle;  Sidney  8.;  Francis  R..  a  farmer,  and  Sadie  A-  The  family 
are  members  of  the  Reformed  Church,  of  which  Mr.  Schriver  has  been  elder  and  deacon. 
He  has  also  served  as  register  and  recorder  of  Adams  County  and  school  director,  and 
served  nine  years  as  postmaster  at  Hampton,  from  1851  to  1860. 

SAMUEL  SHELL,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  P.  O.  New  Chester,  was  born  on  the 
farm  where  he  now  resides  November  9,  1810.  a  son  of  John  (a  farmer)  and  Elizabeth 
(Casbman)  Shull.  natives  of  this  county,  and  of  German  descent.  The  family  ot  John 
Shull  consisted  of  eleven  children,  eight  of  whom  grew  to  maturity,  and  four  are  now  hy- 
ing of  whom  Samuel  is  the  third.  Our  subject  was  reared  on  the  farm,  and  acquired  his 
education  in  the  district  school.  He  chose  agricultural  pursuits  as  a  wwation,  which  he 
still  follows,  and  is  the  owner  of  the  farm  where  he  now  resides.  In  1868  he  enlisted  in 
Company  B  Twenty-first  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Cavalry,  was  slightly  wounded,  and 
served  until  the  close  of  the  war;  when  the  time  of  his  first  enlistment  expired  he  again 
enlisted  in  the  same  company.  In  ls?o  he  married  Miss  Retina  E.  ElholtZ,  daughter  of 
John  Eiholtz,  and  of  German  origin;  she  bore  her  husband  the  following  nan.cd  chil- 
dren: Grace  A.,  Anna  U.,  Emma  M.,  Gertrude  E.  and  Kate  V  .  Mrs.  Shull  died  in  188^  a 
member  of  the  Lutheran  Church.  In  this  church  Mr.  Shull  has  been  deacon.  He  has 
also  been  clerk  and  inspector  of  elections;  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.;  a  Republican  in 

P°  "pETER  STALLSMITH,  farmer  and  stock-raiser.  P.  O.  Gettysburg,  was  born  near 
that  place  September  03.  1SKJ.  to  John  and  Catherine  (Knop)  Stallsmith,  natives  of  Penn- 
sylvania; the  former  a  cooper  in  early  life,  but  later  a  farmer;  he  reared  a  family  of  ten 
children,  of  whom  Peter  is  the  fourth.  Our  subject  was  educated  at  (lie  country  school, 
grew  to  manhood  on  the  farm,  aud  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits,  which  he  still  lol- 
lows.  In  1889  he  married  Rebecca  Rinehart,  a  daughter  of  John  Rinehart.  and  of  German 
descent.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Btallsmith  were  the  parents  of  the  following  children.  Mary  Jane. 
wife  of  Emanuel  Reed;  William  Henry,  died  in  1862;  Rebecca  wife  oi  t^rjjrdoif, 
John  A.,  married  to  Sally  Blair.  Mrs.  Btallsmith  died  in  1868,  and  in  1869  Mr.  Stall- 
smith  married  Mrs.  Hannah  Herr,  a  daughter  of  George  and  Mary  (Bream)  Hartzel  Mrs. 
Stallsmith  had  one  child  by  her  first  husband:  Freddie  Anna  Herr    now  the  wife  of  George 

Btallsmith.  The  family  are  members  of  the  German  Reformed  Church,  in  which  Mr. 
Btallsmith  has  been  deacon  and  elder.  He  votes  for  the  man.  not  for  the  party,  on  politi- 
cal questions,     lie  is  a  useful,  influential  citizen. 

WILLIAM  CLAYTON  BTORRICK,   farmer,  stock-rawer  and  school  teacher.  1.  O. 

Gettysburg,  was  born  in  this  county.  September  16.  1866,  a  Bon  of  Ada,,,  'Margaret 

(Seltzer)  Storrick,   natives  of  Germany.     Adam  came  to  America  in  IS6Z,  and   in   1840 


512  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

settled  in  this  county.  He  was  a  tailor  in  early  life,  but  later  a  farmer,  and  died  in  1881; 
his  widow,  who  came  to  America  in  1833,  now  resides  with  her  son.  Their  faini  y  con- 
sisted of  seven  children,  five  of  whom  are  living,  and  of  whom  William  C.  is  the  youngest. 
Our  subject  was  reared  on  the  farm,  and  educated  at  the  country  school  and  at  Set!  ya- 
burg  Normal  School.  He  commenced  teaching  at  the  age  of  seventeen,  and  taught  twelve 
terms  iu  this  county,  four  schools  in  all.  In  1879  he  married  Mary  J.  Brinkerhoff,  of  Hol- 
land Dutch  descent,  and  their  children  are  Charley  C,  Nina  G.  and  Norman  VV.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Storrick  are  members  of  St.  James'  Lutheran  Church.  In  politics  he  is  a  Re- 
publican. 

SAMUEL  H.  TAUGHINBAUGH,  farmer  and  stock-raiser,  P.  O.  New  Chester,  was 
born  in  Reading  Township,  this  county,  June  12,  1838.  a  son  of  John  L.  and  Barbara 
(Shank)  Taughinbaugh,  natives  of  this  county,  of  German  origin.  John  L.  was  a  saddler, 
a  trade  he  followed  successfully  through  life.  Samuel  H.,  the  eldest  of  the  family,  was 
reared  on  the  farm,  attended  the  common  schools  and  also  Cumberland  Valley  Institute, 
and  taught  school  for  two  winters,  but  has  made  farming  his  principal  occupation,  in 
which  he  has  met  with  success.  He  is  the  owner  of  270  acres  of  well  improved  land— the 
farm  where  he  resides,  near  New  Chester,  consisting  of  130  acres.  He  married,  in  1861, 
Sarah  E.,  daughter  of  Samuel  Deardorff,  a  farmer  of  German  descent  Their  children  are 
Christian  D.,  Anna  C.  William  A..  Samuel  Emory,  Charles  G..  Jacob  Harvey.  Sarah  Ida 
and  Alice  May.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Taughinbaugh  are  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church.  In 
politics  he  is  a  Democrat. 

WILLIAM  F.  THOMAS,  farmer  and  stock  grower,  P.  O.  Gettysburg,  was  born  near 
East  Berlin,  Adams  Co.,  Penn..  September  17,  1834.  son  of  Isaac  C.  Thomas,  who  was 
born  April  10.  1807.  and  Anne  Riffle,  who  was  born  February  29,  1809.  Isaac  C.  Thomas 
had,  by  his  first  wife,  six  children:  Sarah  A.,  born  September  23,  1829;  Mary  Jane,  born 
September  23.  1830;  William  F. ;  Isaac  R.,  born  January  28,  1836;  Joseph,  born  May  19,  1838; 
Catharine,  born  August  14,  1840.  By  his  second  wife.  Sally  Riffle,  who  was  a  sister  of 
his  first,  there  was  but  one  child— Lydia  Ann — born  February  9,  1842,  married  to  Adam 
Bupp,  now  with  her  mother  near  East  Berlin.  Isaac  C.  Thomas  was  a  Whig  in  politics,  a 
member  of  the  Catholic  Church.  He  died  March  11,  1856.  William  F.  Thomas,  in  his 
early  day,  learned  the  mason  trade,  and  went  to  Fulton  and  Schuyler  Counties,  111.,  in 
1853.  and  worked  at  the  mason  trade  one  year.  In  1854  he  went  on  the  Ohio  and  Missis- 
sippi Rivers  as  second  engineer  one  year,  and  had  to  leave  the  boat  on  account  of  illness 
of  his  father,  who  died  March  11,  1856,  and  since  that  time  Mr.  Thomas  has  remained  in 
Adams  County.  In  1859  he  married  Susanna  Yoe.  who  hore  him  fourteen  children,  all  of 
whom  are  living  at  home:  Joseph  I.,  born  August  10.  1860;  Mary  A.,  born  August  15. 
1861;  William  F.  Thomas,  Jr.,  born  October  17/1882;  Henry  Edwin,  born  December  17, 
1863;  Jacob  L.,  born  February  1,  1865;  George  A.,  born  March  11,  1867;  Lydia  Jane,  born 
August  1.  1868;  Sara  Catharine,  born  June  24.  1870;  Susanna  Ellis,  born  January  25, 
1872;  James  Adam,  born  March  4.  1873:  Amanda  Ella,  born  December  25.  1874;  John 
Andrew,  born  January  1, 1877;  Elza  Anna,  born  July  2,  1878;  Theodore  Pius,  born  Decem- 
ber 17,  1879.  The  family  are  all  members  of  the  Catholic  Church.  In  politics  Mr. 
Thomas  is  a  Democrat.  He  was  elected  director  of  the  poor  in  1884,  and  has  now  served 
three  years.  Since  residing  permanently  in  Adams  County  he  has  followed  agricultural 
pursuits  successfully,  and  is  the  owner  of  some  very  fine  stock,  making  a  specialty  of 
Hereford  cattle. 

HENRY  B.  WEANER,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  P.  O.  Gettysburg,  was  born  in  this 
county  September  22,  1827,  a  son  of  Conrad  (a  farmer  by  occupation)  and  Sarah  (Bream) 
Weaner,  natives,  respectively,  of  York  and  Adams  Counties,  Penn.  Their  family  con- 
sisted of  twelve  children,  ten  of  whom  grew  to  maturity,  of  which  number,  Henry  B.  is 
the  second.  Our  subject  was  reared  on  the  farm,  attended  the  common  schools,  and  at 
the  age  of  eighteen  commenced  to  learn  the  carpenter  trade,  a  vocation  he  followed 
twelve  years.  In  1856  he  married  Margaret  E.  Cashman,  a  lady  of  German  origin,  daugh- 
ter of  William  Cashman;  she  bore  her  husband  seven  children,  of  whom  the  following 
are  living:  Cornelius  J.,  James  O.  G.  and  Phebe  Jane.  The  family  are  members  of  the 
Lutheran  Church.  Mr.  Weaner  has  served  his  township  as  school  director;  has  been  suc- 
cessful in  business,  at  present  owing  125  acres  of  land.     Politically  he  is  a  Democrat. 

JOHN  WERTZ.  farmer  and  stock-raiser,  P.  O.  Gettysburg,  was  born  on  the  farm 
where  he  now  resides,  November  7.  1819,  a  son  of  Henry  and  Susan  (Thoman)  Wertz, 
natives  of  York  County,  Penn.  The  paternal  and  maternal  ancestors  were  natives 
of  Switzerland,  and  early  settlers  of  Straban  Township,  this  county.  The  Wertz 
family  first  settled  in  Lancaster  County,  Peun.,  in  1743,  where  the  grandfather  of  our  sub- 
ject and  his  three  brothers  enlisted  in  the  Revolutionary  war,  in  which  struggle  the  last 
three  mentioned  lost  their  lives  in  defense  of  their  country.  Henry  Wertz,  who  was  a 
farmer,  settled  on  the  place  where  his  son  now  resides,  in  1810.  His  family  consisted  of 
six  children.  Our  subject  was  reared  on  the  farm  and  received  a  common  school  educa- 
tion. He  chose  farming  for  his  vocation  and  is  the  owner  of  128  acres  of  land.  He  is  a 
Democrat;  is  unmarried;  served  twelve  years  as  school  director  in  this  township.  He  is 
a  deacon  in  the  Reformed  Church,  a  great  reader  and  well  posted. 


Tl  RONE   TOWNSHIP.  518 

MARTIN  3   WrTMOR,  tanner  and  atock  grower,  P.  0  Table  Rock,  was  born  in  this 
,.,„,„,  v    VueustW    Ifi  Henry  arid  Catherine  (Eabollz)  Witmor;  the  former  ol 

whom  was  born  in  Maryland,  July  I.  1801,  and  died  in   1874;  was  a  farmer  and  - 
aeveral  minoi  offlci  -  «  bile  a  resident  of  Butler  Township;  latter  was  born  in  this  county, 

md  is  still  living  with  her  son  (our  Bubject);  Bhe  is  ol  German  origin      I  ■■■ 
parents  of  nine  children,  eight  of  whom  grew  to  maturity     Martin  B    being  the 

reared  on  the  farm   attended  the  common  schools  ol   bis  native  county,  andem- 
business  which  be  followed  until   1880.  and  during  that  time  also 
,  farming,  bul  made  the  nurserj  business  his  principal  occupation.  Be 
is  the  owner  of  theold  bomi  '   ">  »■  '■'  improved,     I"  1865  he  en- 

listed in  the  One  Hundred  and  Firsl  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  I  charged 

at  the  close  ol  the  war.     He  is  a  member  of  the  [.  0  0.  F  .  ol  the  Refoi I  I  burch,  and 

ed  bis  township  as  assessor.  .  , 

I    i;   Witmor  elder  brother  of  our  subject,  and  who  resides  on  the  adjoining  farm, 

was  born  in  this  county,  May  18,  1827;  was  reared  on  the  farm  and  fori ic  engaged  in 

the  nursery  business  since  which  he  has  followed  farming  and  Btock-raising.     in  1858  ne 
married  Margaret  Tool   daughter  of  Jacob  root,  who  was  a  farmer  and  of  German  origin 
The  children  of  Mr  and  Mrs.  Witmor  are  as  follows;    Anna  Maria.  \\  illiam  II..  a 
Franklin  G    and  George   E.     Mr.  Witmor  is  a  member  of  the  Reformed  Church,  Mrs. 
Witmor  of  the  Lutheran.     Mr.  Witmor  owns  188  acres  of  well  improved  land. 


CHAPTER  LXVIII. 

TYRONE  TOWNSHIP. 


THOMAS  EHREHART,  fanner,  P.  0.  New  Chester,  was  horn  in  ibis  township,  in 
is-'.,  and  is  as, ,n  ofThomas,  Sr.,  and  Margarel  (Messersmith)  Ehrehart.  natives  ol  York 
County  Penn  who  settled  in  this  county  in  1808  or  1810.  They  first  located  m  Not 
Oxford.' and  ten  year,  later  located  in  Tyrone  Township,  where  the  father  engaged  in  farm 

in- and  tanning:  he  was  county  commissioner  one  term,  and  held  some  of  the  offices  o 

township;  was  a  gentleman  of  large  business  capacity,  moderately  successful,  ami 
liver     Thomas  Ehrehart,  Sr..  had  ten  children:    George,   Sarah  .deceased).   <  at! 

Elizabeth    (deceased),     Mary.    Daniel,    Thomas,    (  ceased  I.    Mar-aret  (deceased) 

Affnes  K    He  and  his  wife  belonged  to   the  Lutheran  Church,  of  which  he  was  an  official 
mimbenhediedin  1855,  aged  sixty-eight  years,  and  Mrs,  Ehrehartonlj  a  tew  be 
the  demise  of  her  husband,  and  was  buried  in  the  same  grave.      Hernias   Ehrehart  (our 
subject)  was  reared   to  farm  pursuits,  and  received  a  common   school  education,     lie 

'married    in  1851,  Susanna,  daughter  of   John  Thomas,  and   located  on  the  place  where  he 

now  resides.  He  ha-  idled  some  of  the  township  offices.  He  and  wife  are  members  ol  the 
Lutheran  Church,  and  officially  he  has  held  the  positions  of  deacon  and  elder.  Thej  are 
parents  of  four  children:  Milton  .1..  Luther  T.,  Mar-are.  I.  and  Harry  E.  (latter  de 
ceased).  Mr.  Ehreharl  owns  a  farm  of  120  aces  of  land,  which  iswell  improved,  produces 
grain  and  rears  stock.    Politically  he  is  a  Democrat. 

'       GEORGE  MECKLEY,  farmer  and  justice  of  the  peace  P.  0.  Heidlersburg,  v 
i„  Tvrone  Township,  this  county,  June  29,  1842,  and  is  a  so,,  of  George  Meckley,  Br.,  who 
was  a  Bon  of  George,  the  latter  being  a  so,,  of  .loin,  George,  a  native  ol  Germany,  and  the 
founder  ,,f  the  fatSily  in  this  country.    George  Meckley,  Sr    was  born  m  York  County 
Penn,.  and  removed  to  Adams  County.  Penn.,  with  his  wife  and  two  children, 
and  William,  in  is:;.;.     He  died  in  August,  1870,  aged  sixtj  Uiree  years.    His  wife  died  in 
1854  aged  forty-five  years.     Both  were  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church.     He w 
redo,- of  the  poor  from  1863  to  1866.    To  him  were  born  eighl  children,  six  of  whom  were 
horn  in  A.l.inU  Countj    AnnaM  (deceased).  Catherine  (deceased),  George.  Elizabeth  Ann, 
John   F  (killed  in   a' runaway  ic, ma,,,!  Lucj   A      Mr    Meekley  married  Lydia  (Wolf) 
Flickinger  for  bis  second  wife.     George  Meckley,  our  subject,  was  reared  on  a    arm,  and 
in  the  district  scl Is  obtained  a  practical  education.     In  1865  he  married  Mary  Get  z,  and 

immediately  afterward  settled  where  he  now  reside-,  | bs  ID      ttt  the   time    1-1  acres Of 

land        In  1879  he  Was  elected    justice  Of  the  peace  ot   Tv.n.e    [owndup.  and  W88  N      I       tl 

in  18S4.  his  term  expiring  in  1889;  was  director  of  his  school  dutncl  five  years,  for  four  of 
which  be  was  secretary  of  the  hoard,  also  served  as  secretary  of  the  hoard  ol  directors  ol 

the  , r  of  Adams  County,  from   1-S2  to  issii       He  i-  one  o    the  directors  of   the  Mum- 

maBburg  Mutual  Fire  Protection  Society,  having  been  elected  in  1886.     Mi    Meckley  pos- 


514  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

sesses  good  executive  ability,  and  in  the  discharge  of  his  duty,  whether  of  an  official  or 
private  nature,  he  is  always  found  on  the  side  of  safety  and  right.  As  proof  of  this,  we  cite 
the  fact  that,  out  of  seventy-nine  cases  tried  before  his  tribunal,  only  one  has  been  ap- 
pealed. He  and  his  wife  are  exemplary  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church,  with  which 
they  have  been  connected  upward  of  twenty-rive  years.  In  the  church.  Mr.  Meckley  is 
an  untiring  worker,  and  a  generous  supporter  of  all  Christian  and  benevolent  enterprises. 
Seven  children  were  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Meckley:  Anna  K.,  Mary  A.,  William  F.,  Min- 
nie E.,  Alta  A..  Clara  M.  G.  and  Maggie  M.     He  affiliates  with  the  Democratic  party. 

J.  P.  MILLAR,  farmer,  P.  O.  Heidlersburg,  was  born  in  Tyrone  Township,  this 
county,  in  1826,  and  is  a  son  of  Peter  and  Anna  Margaret  (Yett)  Millar;  former  of  whom 
died  in  1873,  aged  eighty-six  years,  and  the  latter  January  30,  1873,  aged  eighty-four  years. 
Peter  Millar  held  some  of  the  offices  of  the  township,  and  he  and  wife  were  members  of  the 
Lutheran  Church,  and  are  consistent  Christian  people.  J.  P.  Millar  married,  in  1863, 
Eliza  Flickinger,  and  settled  where  he  now  resides.  He  is  the  father  of  five  children: 
Maggie,  wife  of  Franklin  March:  P.  Emory,  J.  Harry,  R.  M.,  Katy  and  Emma.  Our  sub- 
ject is  one  of  Adams  County's  self-made  men.  Having  begun  life  with  small  means,  he 
has  succeeded  admirably;  carries  on  a  farm  of  100  acres,  and  owns  another  of  100  acres, 
all  well  improved.  He  and  his  wife  belong  to  the  Lutheran  Church,  with  which  they  have 
been  connected  since  quite  young.  For  the  past  three  years  Mr.  Millar  has  been  an  elder 
in  this  church,  having  previously  been  deacon.     In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat. 


CHAPTER  LXIX. 
UNION  TOWNSHIP. 


JACOB  G.  BASEHOAR,  farmer  and  miller.  P.  O.  Littlestown,  was  born  August  1, 
1828,  in  Union  Township,  this  county;  son  of  George  Basehoar,  Sr.,  who  was  born  Dec- 
ember 26,  1800,  nearPequea,  Lancaster  Co.,  Penn.,  and  died  in  April,  1878,  at  Littlestown, 
Adams  Co.,  Penn.  George  Basehoar,  Sr.,  came  to  Union  Township,  this  count}',  in  1828; 
settled  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  Elias  Basehoar.  and  was  a  farmer  all  his  life.  He 
married  Miss  Mary  Grove,  born  near  New  Holland,  Lancaster  Co.,  Penn.,  daughter  of  Ja- 
cob Grove,  and  who  died  on  the  homestead,  aged  forty-five  years,  the  mother  of  nine 
children,  who  reached  maturity:  Mrs.  Susan  Kindig,  Jacob  G.,  Mrs.  Margaret  Swartz, 
George  D.,  Mary  A.,  Samuel,  David,  Elias,  and  Mrs.  Sarah  Geiselman.  Jacob  G.  Base- 
hoar was  reared  and  educated  in  his  native  township,  aud  has  been  a  farmer  and  miller  all 
his  life,  operating  the  mill  built  by  his  father  in  1845,  and  owns  a  farm  of  150  acres  of 
well  improved  land,  on  which  he  built  a  barn  in  1863.  Our  subject  was  married,  in  Novem- 
ber, 1851,  to  Miss  Lydia  Bitiuger,  born  August  25,  1828,  in  Germany  Township,  this  county, 
daughter  of  Frederick  Bitinger.  Four  children  were  born  to  this  union,  all  living:  Charles 
H.,  John  B.,  Mary  A.  and  Edward  D.  The  whole  family  are  members  of  the  Lutheran 
Church  Politically  Mr.  Basehoar  has  generally  been  identified  with  the  Republican 
party,  but  at  home,  in  township  affairs,  he  votes  for  the  best  men.  He  has  been  successful 
financially,  having  secured  a  well  earned  competence,  and  intends  to  retire  from  active 
business. 

GEORGE  D.  BASEHOAR,  farmer,  P.  O.  Littlestown,  was  born  on  the  old  homestead 
in  this  township,  March  10,  1837,  son  of  George  and  Margaret  (Grove)  Basehoar.  He  was 
educated  in  this  county,  and  has  been  a  farmer  all  his  life.  Our  subject  was  married  here, 
February  23,  1860,  to  Miss  Louisa  Duttera,  born  in  Adams  County,  Penn.,  in  December, 
1836,  daughter  of  John  and  Margaret  (Weikert)  Duttera,  who  were  among  the  old  settlers 
of  Union  Township.  George  D  Basehoar  and  wife  were  the  parents  of  eight  children: 
Henry  H.,  E.  Frances.  George  W.,  Louise  Ann.  John  D.  (killed  by  an  accident  at  ten 
years  of  age);  Sarah  E..  Jennie  D.  and  Daniel  D.  The  family  are  all  members  of  the 
Lutheran  Church.  Mr.  Basehoar  resides  on  a  farm  of  122  acres  of  land  with  good  im- 
provements, aud  is  counted  among  the  well-to-do  farmers  of  this  township.  He  has 
been  identified  with  the  Republican  party  all  his  life. 

HARUY  FELTY.  farmer,  P.  O.  Red  Land,  was  born  September  1,  1863.  on  the  old 
homestead  which  his  grandfather,  Harry  Felty,  got  from  his  father-in-law,  John  Young, 
one  of  the  earliest  settlers  'in  this  county.  Harry  Felty,  Sr.,  was  born  and  raised  in 
Hanover.  Penn.,  where  his  parents,  who  came  from  Germany,  died.  He  died  on  the  home 
farm,  aged  eighty-four  years;  aud  his  wife  Sally  (Young)  died  there,  aged  forty-four  years. 
They  were  parents  of  four  children:   Mrs.   Catharine  Geiselman,   Mrs.  Rebecca  Young, 


UNION  TOWNSHIP.  515 

Mrs.  Anna  M.  Faver  niul  Harry.  Harry  Felty.  Sr.,  was  married,  OH  second  occasion,  to 
Miss  Schwartz,  Of  his  children,  John  H  married  Sarah,  daughter  of  John  Spang 
she  bore  him  four  children:  George  W.,  Mrs.  Janr  liife,  Emma  and  Barry.  Our  subject 
was  educated  at  the  Union  Schoolhouse,  has  been  an  agriculturist  all  his  life,  and  is  now 
farming  on  the  old  homestead.  He  was  married,  August  28,  i^si.  at  Gettysburg,  Penn., 
to  Hias  Sally,  daughter  of  Edward  Stambaugh,  by  whom  he  baa  one  on,  Mark  n  born 
July  17.  1886.  .Mr.  Felty  is  a  member  of  the  Reformed  Church  and  Mrs.  Felty  of  the 
Lutheran  denomination.    Political!]  our  subject  is  a  Republican,  as  was  also  his  father 

HON.  DANIEL  GEISELMAN,  farmer,  P.  O.  McSherrystown,  was  born  February  19. 
1819,  in  York  County,  Penn.    The  family  was  originally  or  German  descent,  though  the 

andfather  came  to  America  from  Switzerland  (tne  family  in  the  old  conn 
of  noble  birth),  first  Bottling  in  links  County,  Penn.  Frederick  Geiselman  (grandfather 
of  our  subject),  a  fanner  and  blacksmith  by  occupation,  wenl  to  York  County,  Penn.,  in 
an  early  day.  and  there  died  at  the  age  of  eighty-four.  His  wife.  Eva  (Pheanus),  also  died 
in  York  County  when  nearly  seventy  years  old.  They  had  nine  children,  all  of  whom 
married  and  reared  families  of  their  own.  Of  these  Michael,  who  followed  farming  and 
tanning  in  early  life,  married  Catharine,  daughter  of  Jacob  Keller.  Michael  G( 
and  wile  died  in  Banover,  Penn.,  aged  sixty-eight  and  seventy-four,  respectively.  They 
were  members  of  the  Lutheran  Church.  They  reared  a  family  of  eight  children:  Daniel, 
Samuel,  Mary,  Catharine,  Jacob  (deceased),  Michael,  Sarah  and  Louisa.  Daniel  Geiselman 
attended  the  common  schools  of  Adams  and  York  Counties,  but  is  principally  sell  educated. 
He  has  been  a  successful  farmer  and  is  still  owner  of  144  acres  of  good  land.  Be  was 
united  in  marriage,  in  this  township,  with  Fannie,  daughter  of  Abraham  Rife,  by  whom 
-  ight  children  now  living:  George  R.,  M.  Alexander.  Daniel,  Elder.  Mary',  Ellen. 
Clara  and  Baiah  J.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Geiselman  and  family  arc  numbers  of  the  Lutheran 
Church,  at  Hanover.  Our  subject  is  identified  with  the  Democratic  party,  and  has  filled 
many  township  oflices.of  trust ;  was  elected  assessor;  then  county  commissioner,  and  from 
1876  to  1876  was  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature.  Be  has  always  held  to  the  true 
principles  of  his  party,  and  has  filled   the  offices,  to  which  he  was  elected,  with  ability. 

JOHN  KINDIt:.'  farmer,  P.  <>.  Sell's  Station,  was  born  November  36,  1819,  in  Spring 
Garden  Township,  York  County,  Penn.  His  father.  John  Kindig,  also  a  native  of  York 
County,  a  farmer  and  distiller,  came  in  1837  to  Conowago  Township,  this  county,  where 
iged  eighty-one  years,  lie  married  Mrs.  Catharine  Longnecker,  nee  Lindermoot, 
who  was  born  in  Lancaster  County,  Penn.,  and  died  in  York  County.  Penn.,  the  mother 
of  four  children  by  her  first  husband  and  of  eight  by  Mr.  Kindig:  Levi,  Matilda,  John. 
Anna,  Jacob,  Sarah,  Martin  and  Mary.  Our  subject  was  reared  on  the  farm  and  has 
followed  agriculture  all  his  life.  He  was  married  in  Conowago  Township,  this  county. 
March  86,  1846,  to  Susan,  daughter  of  George  Basehoar.  She  was  born  in  Lancaster 
County,  Penn.,  November  28,  1836,  and  died  June  8,  1878,  the  mother  of  ten  children,  all 
of  whom  are  now  living:  Henry.  Mary  C.,  Lucy  M.,  Emma  J.,  Alice  R.,  Susannah  M., 
George  D..  Charles  W.,  Samuel  G.  and  Franklin  D.  The  family  are  all  members  of  the 
Lutheran  Church.  John  Kindig  came  to  Union  Township,  litis  county,  in  1848,  and 
bought  the  old  Jacob  \\  agnerfann,  and  has  now  140  acres  of  land  with  good  improvements, 
most  of  which  he  has  made  himself,  as  he  has  been  a  very  industrious  tanner.  Politically 
he  is  a  Republican 

JOSEPH  L.  SHOKB,  farmer,  Littlestown,  The  ancestors  oi  this  old  pioneer  family 
left  Lorraine  when  it  was  attached  to  France,  because  thej  loved  the  old  German  father 
land  and  language  better  than  the  French.  Three  brother-.  Bupposed  to  have  been  named 
John,  Jacob  and  Anthony,  immigrated  to  America,  and  settled  in  Pennsylvania.  One 
kept  a  hardware  store  in  Hanover.  York  County,  buying  bis  Stock  in  German),  and 
making  seven  sea  voyages  for  the  purpose;  one  settled  in  York  County,  near  Banover, 
and  the  other  near  Goshen  Buppen,  Berks  County,  and  there  they  farmed,  and  their 
-nts  lived  for  many  years.      John   Shorb,  the  brother  that  settled  in  Hanover,  was 

the  great-grandfather  of  our  subject,     lie  married  a  lady  by  the  name  of  Fricker,  who 

bore  him  three  sons  and  one  daughter:  Anthony,  Jacob.  John  and  Mrs.  Maty  Obold.  Of 
the  Bons  Jacob  and  John  finally  settled  in  Frederick  County.  Md.,  and  Anthony  (who 
died  in  Conowago  Township,  this  county,  inJlSOO)  married  a  Miss  Obold,  by  whom  he  had 
six  children,  four  of  whom  attained  maturity:  John.  Anthony.  Jr.,  Joseph  and  Mis,  Mary 
Shultz.  Of  these,  Anthony  Shorb,  Jr.,  moved  to  Tyrone,  Blair  County, Penn  .  and  there 
engaged  in  the  iron  business  as  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Lyon.  Shorb  &  Co.  Be  died  in 
Littlestown  while  on  a  visit  to  relatives.  Joseph  was  a  physician,  who  lived  and  died  in 
Littlestown.   Penn.     Mrs    Mary  Shultz  died   in  Missouri.     John,    the   eldest,  a    farmer  by 

occupation,  was  married  in  Littlestown,  this  county,  to  Mis-  Mary,  daughter  of  Samuel 
Beecner,  and  of  the  eight  children   thai  blessed  this  union  all  attained  maturity     B    il 

A  ,,  Joseph  L.,  Alexander  ( ' . .  SamUl  1  J.,   Edward,  Matilda  M..  Sal  lie  and    Johanna.      John 

Bhorb's  first  wife  died  February  15,  1888,  and  his  second  marriage  was  with  Mrs.  Susan 
Stonesifer,  who  also  died  mar  Littlestown,  the  mother  of  oni  child  Ji  mes  K  .  now  re- 
Biding  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.    John  Shorb  bi  ught  the  farm  where  his  son  Joseph  L.  now  lives, 

was  a  successful  farmer,   and  died  near  Littlestown,  this  county,  February  5,  1847,  aged 


516  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 

sixty-two  years.  He  took  an  active  part  in  public  matters,  and  was  much  respected  by 
all  who  knew  him  for  his  honesty  and  uprightness.  He  had  a  remarkable  memory,  and 
possessed  those  sterling  traits  of  character  for  which  the  whole  family,  from  the  great- 
grandfather down  to  our  subject,  have  been  noted.  Joseph  L.  Shorb  was  born  on  the 
old  homestead  March  19,  1812,  and  has  been  a  farmer  as  well  as  a  business  man.  _  When 
the  Littlestown  Savings  Institution  was  started  he  became  its  president,  and  remained  so 
for  eighteen  years,  when  his  health  failed  him  and  he  refused  a  re-election.  He  has 
served  as  justice  of  the  peace  for  forty  years,  which  shows  for  itself  how  well  he  is  loved 
and  respected  by  his  neighbors.  In  the  evening  of  life  Mr.  Shorb  may  look  back  over  a 
busy  career  that  can  give  him  unqualified  satisfaction. 


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