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HISTORY

Cuyahoga County

Soldiers' and Sailors*

Monument.

SCENES AND INCIDENTS FROM ITS INCEPTION

TO ITS COMPLETION.— DESCRIPTION OF

THE MEMORIAL STRUCTURE,

AND ROLL OF HONOR.

By WILLIAM J. GLEASON.

Published by the Monument Commissioners,

Cleveland, O.

1894.

736377

Copyrighted 1S94,

WILLIAM J. GLEASON.

The Cleveland Printing & Publishing Co.

DEDICATION.

LOVINGLY DEDICATED TO THE MEMORY OF THE UNION
SOLDIERS AND SAILORS OF THE WAR OF THE
REBELLION, BY WHOSE VALOR AND UN-
FLINCHING PATRIOTISM OUR
COUNTRY WAS PROTECTED
AND PRESERVED.

THE AUTHOR.

cuyahoga county

Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument

Commissioners.

WM. J. GLEASON, President.

LEVI F. BAUDER, Secretary.

J. B. MOLYNEAUX, J. J. ELWELL,

EDWARD H. BOHM, CHAS. C. DEWSTOE,

LEVI T. SCOFIELD, JAMES HAYR,

EMORY W. FORCE, R. W. WALTERS,

JAMES BARNETT, M. D. LEGGETT.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.

WM. J. GLEASON, Chairman.

JAMES BARNETT, J. B. MOLYNEAUX,

JAMES HAYR, LEVI T. SCOFIELD,

LEVI F. BAUDER, Secretary.

LEVI T. SCOFIELD, Architect and Sculptor.

The Perpetual Commission,

Elected July iSth, 1894:

WILLIAM J. GLEASON, ------ President.

JOSEPH B. MOLYNEAUX, Secretary.

J. J. ELWELL, M. D. LEGGETT, JAMES PICKANDS.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.

WILLIAM J. GLEASON, - Chairman.

JOSEPH B. MOLYNEAUX, Secretary.

J. J. ELWELL.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

The Author Frontispiece.

FACING PAGE—

Northeast View of Monument 13

Statue of Liberty 23

Bronze Infantry Group, " The Color Guard" 34

Bronze Artillery Group, " At Short Range " 44

Bronze Cavalry Group, " The Advance Guard " 54

Bronze Navy Group, " Mortar Practice " 67

Bronze Panel in Face of Pedestal — Infantry Group 74

" " — Artillery Group 84

" " " — Cavalry Group 96

" " " — Navy Group 113

Bronze Capital to Shaft 120

Infantry Emblem in Capital 130

Artillery " " 142

Cavalry " " 152

Navy " " 162

Quartermaster " " 172

Signal Service " " 182

Engineer " " 192

Ordnance " " 202

Bronze Doors, North and South Entrances 212

" The Beginning of the War, in Ohio " 218

" The Emancipation of the Slave " 228

" The End of the War ; or, The Peace - Makers at City Point " . 238

Bust of Brigadier - General James Barnett 248

Captain W. J. Woodward 258

Colonel W. R. Creighton 268

Captain William Smith 279

" Captain Levi T. Scofield 288

" Captain W. W. Hutchinson 301

VIII LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

FACING PAGE —

Bust of Lieutenant - Colonel Mervine Clark 308

" Major J. B. Hampson 31S

Medallion of Major - General James B. McPhersou 328

" Surgeon Charles A. Hartman 338

" Brigadier- General J. J. Elwell 351

View of Monument from Southwest 355

Medallion of Major - General A. C. Voris 362

Major - General Emerson Opdycke 372

" Brigadier - General J. S. Casement 382

Major - General Alex. McD. McCook 395

Major - General \V. B. Hazen 400

Hon. Edwin M. Stanton 408

Major - General J. B. Steedman 416

Major - General M. F. Force 424

Brigadier - General George W. Morgan 432

Panel Commemorating Northern Ohio Soldiers' Aid Society

and Sanitary Commission 43S

Lucy Webb Hayes in Field Hospital at Frederick, Md., after

Battle of Antietam, 1862 462

Governor William McKinley 494

Ex - Governor Joseph B. Foraker 505

Major William J. Gleason 556

Captain Levi F. Bauder 563

Captain Joseph B. Molyneaux 564

Captain Edward H. Bohm 568

Captain Levi T. Scofield 572

Colonel Emory W. Force 576

General James Barnett 581

General J. J. Elwell 582

Colonel Charles C. Dewstoe 5S6

Sergeant James Hayr 5QI

Dr. R. W. Walters 5g2

General M. D. Leggett 597

Northwest View of Monument 6ri

INTRODUCTORY.

THE Memorial structure to perpetuate the memory
of the Union Soldiers and Sailors of Cuyahoga
County is now a reality. It is also and equally a
Monument to the patriotic citizens who were obliged
to remain at home, and made great sacrifices to furnish
the ways and means and moral support, without
which the War could not have been sustained nor
the country saved. It is a Monument to patriotism at
home and in the field. It is an object lesson of vast
importance in nationality, personal courage, and sacri-
fice, for coming generations of American youth. It will
speak to the unborn millions who will not have seen
one of the participants of the War it commemorates,
and who will people this goodly land, of the noble work
done by their patriotic ancestors when the Republic in
its infancy was in great danger. The child will ask the
meaning of the Monument, and will be told the story of
Lincoln and Grant, of Sherman and Sheridan, of Meade
and Thomas, of Hancock and Custer, of Farragut and
Porter, of Hayes and Garfield, and of the brave men
who followed and fought with them for their country
and its liberties. This is the lesson of the Monument,
and fully justifies its erection by the patriotic people of
Cuyahoga County to whom it belongs.

If at times we have faltered in our fifteen years of
wearisome work because of great obstacles which ob-
structed our way, after all it must be remembered that
it has always been so with work of this kind. It may
be said that while no people have higher appreciation
and respect for important national events and for pure

X INTRODUCTORY.

and noble manhood than the Americans, no people on
the face of the earth are so backward in building mon-
mnents of the character of onrs. They are proud and
delighted with them when finished, but very slow in
their construction.

Monuments can neither add to reputation nor insure
immortality. Good works alone have immunity from
death and forgetfulness. Right action, noble deeds,
heroic conduct are immortal without monuments made
by human hands. Words and names alone, though cut
in stone and engraved in bronze, mean nothing if they
tell not the story of "well done, good and faithful serv-
ants." Lincoln said in his immortal speech at Gettys-
burg: "The world will little note nor long remember
what we say here, but it will never forget what these
Soldiers did here." The many monuments on the
battlefield of Gettysburg add nothing to the fame of
the men who died there for their country. They only
tell where, when, and why they died. The magnificent
Cleveland Monument, so laboriously and patiently con-
structed, rescues nobody personally from obscurity nor
ultimately from that oblivion which surely awaits the
builders and all those whose names are inscribed on its
walls. It is only a record of their deeds.

"The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power,
And all that beaut}-, all that wealth e'er gave,

Await alike the inevitable hour,

The path of glory leads but to the grave."

Incidental to the accomplishment of our undertaking,
it became necessary to engage in a few legal battles to
carry our mission to success. When we were ready to
commence the construction of the Memorial, we were
compelled to meet our Bull Run in the lower Courts.
After a brief rest, and the re-forming of our lines, a test
of strength and authority before the Supreme Court of
the State brought about our Gettysburg. A final

INTRODUCTORY. XI

appeal to the United States Court resulted in the com-
plete and unconditional surrender of our opponents.
Appomattox had been fought and won.

The Memorial is strikingly original in its character
and design. It is not alone a Monument to the valor
and heroism of the gallant Union Soldiers and Sailors of
our County and to the noble services of the Women's
Aid Society of Northern Ohio, but it is a National Memo-
rial of the War of the Rebellion as well. Every feature
in it is strictly American, and vividly portravs the
scenes and incidents of the most destructive conflict of
ancient and modern times. It is highly creditable to
the genius and brilliant skill of the Architect and
Sculptor, who gave his time and splendid ability during
the entire accomplishment of the work without any
reward except the appreciation of the Commission and
the gratitude of his comrades and fellow-citizens.

The superb Memorial was appropriately dedicated on
the anniversary of the Nation's Independence — July
4th, 1894. Most impressive exercises marked this
crowning event. Hundreds of thousands of people
turned out in gala attire to honor the occasion. The
day was made memorable by scholarly addresses from
America's most noted statesmen and orators ; by patri-
otic songs rendered by the future patriots and citizens
of our Republic — the children of our public schools ;
by the prayer and benediction of noted divines, and
by the spirited rendition of intensely patriotic poetry.
Amidst the reading of the immortal Declaration of
Independence, the booming of cannon, under a canopy
of myriads of the glorious flag of freedom, in the pres-
ence of thousands of the brave survivors of the Civil
War bearing their battle-scarred flags, together with
the finest procession of citizen soldiers, civic societies,
trade and manufacturing representations, with our
lovely city lavishly decorated as never before in its

XII INTRODUCTORY.

history, that, all combined, made tip the most notable
demonstration ever held in the great State of Ohio, the
handsomest tribute to patriotism in the world was for-
mally turned over to the free use, benefit and admira-
tion of present and future generations.

Now that the people may freely view the exquisite
Memorial in all its historic accuracy and architectural
grandeur, the slight temporary opposition to the struct-
ure and its unrivaled site has happily ceased. The
peerless work of the Designer and of the Commission
meets with the unqualified and hearty approval of
all of our citizens, as attested by the earnest words of
sincere commendation heard upon every side from the
thousands who daily visit the Memorial — our own peo-
ple as well as strangers — to admire its manifold beauties :
the interior and exterior, the lovely surroundings — all
true to the events and time it commemorates.

Notwithstanding all that the Commission have had
to contend with, we console ourselves with the pleasing
reflection that others have had similar difficulties, with-
out our corresponding triumph. We have been remark-
ably fortunate in successfully finishing the loving work
committed to our care within our lifetime, and by the
same men who originated the enterprise.

We are glad to be able to say that our task is com-
pleted. With gratitude and thanks to God for life and
success, we gladly surrender to those who come after us
the trust we have tried faithfully to carry out, conscious
of having discharged our stewardship to the best of our
ability. To our successors in office we sav, guard
sacredly this grand and beautiful Memorial, which has
been to us a work of love and patriotism.

William J. Gleason,

President Monument Commission.
Cleveland, O., July 15th, 1894.

CUYAHOGA COUNTY SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS' MONUMENT,
CLEVELAND, O.

Levi T. Scofield, Architect and Sculptor.

View from Northeast.'

IN the War of the Revolution, Ohio was unknown,
being then but a wilderness of forest, uninhabited
by civilized man. A generation later there existed the
pioneer settler and patriotic white man, who served in
the defense of the Nation in the second war with Eng-
land and shared in the triumphs of Lundy's Lane and
the Naval victory of Lake Erie. Thirty-three years
later the sons of the Buckeye State bore a conspicuous
part in the gallant victories of the Mexican War. But
fifteen years after that memorable event it was reserved
to the patriot Soldiers of Ohio, in common with all
others of the Northern States, to participate in the
mighty struggle for the preservation of the Union, in
the fiercest and most sanguinary Civil War known in
the history of the world. The grateful memory of the
people everywhere has prompted the erection of endur-
ing monuments and engraved tablets that shall tell the
marvelous story and perpetuate the name and fame of
the deserving soldier and the heroic dead.

The idea of erecting a Monument to commemorate
the valor and patriotism of the Union Soldiers and
Sailors of Cuyahoga County, State of Ohio, in the War
of the Rebellion, from 1861 to 1865, was first proposed
by Comrade Wm. J. Gleason, at a meeting of Camp
Barnett, Soldiers' and Sailors' Society, held in the
Crocker Block, Cleveland, Ohio, on the evening of
October 22nd, 1879. The original resolution introduced
by Comrade Gleason was as follows:

" Resolved, That the President of the Society be and he is hereby
directed to appoint a Committee of three, whose duty it will be to

14 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

formulate a plan for the erection of a suitable Monument or
Memorial to commemorate the Union Soldiers and Sailors of Cuya-
hoga County."

After an agreeable discussion among the Comrades oi
the Society, the project was unanimously and enthusi-
astically approved ; whereupon President Charles C.
Dewstoe appointed Comrades Wm. J. Gleason, Edward
H. Bohm and Joseph B. Molyneaux as the Committee.

At this time arrangements were being perfected for a
grand reunion of all ex-Soldiers and Sailors of Cuya-
hoga County, to be held in Case Hall, Cleveland, Ohio,
October 30th, 1879. The Committee named were re-
quested to report to this meeting the feasibility of the
undertaking and a plan for carrying it out. The Com-
mittee held a meeting, discussed several modes of pro-
cedure, and finally adopted the plan proposed by
Comrade Gleason. His colleagues requested him to
reduce it to writing and report the same to the General
Reunion for action, the plan being as follows:
"To the Union Soldiers and Sailors of Cuyahoga County.

"Comrades: — The undersigned Committee, appointed by a meet-
ing of ex-Soldiers and Sailors held in the City of Cleveland, Wednes-
day evening, October 22nd, 1S79, to take into consideration the
feasibility of the erection of a Monument and a plan for carrying it
out, submit the following report :

" For the purpose of perpetuating the memory of the men of
Cuyahoga County who responded to the call of patriotism in the
War of the Rebellion, we favor the erection of a Memorial Monument.
Believing that the people of this county appreciate the gallantry
and heroism of the Soldiers and Sailors who represented them in the
Union Army and Navy in the years of the Rebellion, and feeling
that the record made at that time by the men who went from their
midst redounds to the glory and is the common heritage of the
people of this county, we favor the building of a Monument by the
entire people of Cuyahoga County. To accomplish this result, we
recommend that our Senator and Representatives in the General
Assembly of Ohio draft a bill, and use their influence in its passage
by the Legislature, authorizing the levying of a tax on all of the
property of the count)', amounting to three-tenths of a mill on the
dollar, to be paid in three equal annual installments, said money,

SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS' MONUMENT. ir

when so raised, to be placed in a special fund, to be known and
designated as the Cuyahoga County Soldiers' and Sailors' Monu-
ment Fund; said fund to be applied to the erection of a suitable
Monument that will stand for ages as a memorial to our county, and
be a perpetual reminder to the present and future generations of
the sentiment entertained by all loyal people for the volunteer
Soldiers and Sailors who risked their lives in defense of a free,
united country. We further recommend that the Convention of ex-
Soldiers and Sailors appoint a Committee of seven ex-Soldiers, who
will have all plans submitted to them, and also have sole charge of
the erection of the Monument.

"We would earnestly recommend that the Monument be located
in the center of Monumental Park, in the City of Cleveland.

"Respectfully submitted,
[Signed.] "Wm. J. Gleason,

" Edward H. Bohm,
"J. B. Molvneaux,
"Committee Camp Barnett, Soldiers' and Sailors' Society.
"Cleveland, O., October 30th, 1879."

The General Convention, held in Case Hall, October
30th, 1879, at which more than twelve hundred ex-
Soldiers and Sailors were registered as being in attend-
ance, unanimously adopted the plan proposed by the
foregoing Committee. The Convention thereupon
elected Comrades Wm. J. Gleason, Edward H. Bohm,
Emory W. Force, W. F. Goodspeed, E. H. Eggleston,
Levi T. Scofield and Edwin Andrews a permanent
Committee on the erection of the Cuyahoga County
Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument.

This Convention was presided over by Comrade
James Barnett. The principal speakers on the occasion
were Comrades James A. Garfield, James B. Steadman
and William H. Gibson.

Subsequently, at the request of the Monument Com-
mittee, State Senator and Comrade Thomas J. Carran
drafted and introduced the following bill in the Ohio
Senate :

l6 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

"[Senate Bill No. 126.]
"AN ACT

" To authorize the County Commissioners of Cuyahoga Count}- to
build a Monument or Memorial Tablet, commemorative of the
deceased Soldiers and Sailors of said county, and to purchase a
site therefor.

" Section i. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State
of Ohio, That the County Commissioners of Cuyahoga County be
and they are hereby authorized to levy a tax upon all the taxable
property of said county, not exceeding three-tenths of one mill, not
more than one-tenth of which shall be levied and collected an-
nually, for the purpose of erecting a Monument or Memorial Tablet
commemorative of the bravery and valor of all the Soldiers and
Sailors from said county, who were killed in any of the battles
fought in the service of the Republic of the United States, or who
died from wounds or disease received or contracted in such service,
and purchase a suitable site therefor.

" Sec. 2. All plans and specifications for such Monument or
Tablet, and the site thereof, together with the contract for the erec-
tion of which, shall be approved by the Commissioners and the
Committee on Monument of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Association
of said county ; but the building thereof shall be supervised by, and
the expense thereof paid upon vouchers approved by said Com-
missioners ; provided, however, that the cost and expense of such
Monument or tablet and site shall not exceed the amount of said
levy.

" SEC. 3. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after
its passage. .< Thos a Cowgii^

" Speaker of the House of Representatives.
" R. G. Richards,
" President pro tem. of the Senate.
" Passed April 2, r88o."

It will be noticed that Senator Carran's bill added
the County Commissioners to the Monument Com-
mittee, requiring their approval of the plans and speci-
fications, and that the building of the Monument should
be under their supervision. When the tax was about
to be levied for 1881, County Auditor and Comrade
Levi F. Bander discovered a clerical error in Senator
Carran's bill, whereby the tax therein provided for
would require thirty years for its collection, instead of

SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS' MONUMENT. 17

three years, as intended. To correct this error, Senator
Carran introduced the following amended bill early in
the session of 1881 :

" [Senate Bill No. 247.]
"AN ACT

" To amend section one of an act entitled, 'An act to authorize the
County Commissioners of Cuyahoga County to build a Monument
or Memorial Tablet commemorative of the deceased Soldiers and
Sailors of said county, and to purchase a site therefor.'
" Section i. Be it enacted by the Genera/ Assembly of the State
of Ohio, That section one of said act be so amended as to read as
follows :

" Section r. That the Count}- Commissioners of Cuyahoga County
be and they are hereby authorized to levy a tax upon all the taxable
property of said County, not exceeding three-tenths of one mill, not
more than one-third of which shall be levied and collected annually,
for the purpose of erecting a Monument or Memorial Tablet, com-
memorative of the bravery and valor of all the Soldiers and Sailors
from said county, who were killed in any of the battles fought in
the service of the Republic of the United States, or who died from
wounds or disease received or contracted in such service, and
purchase a suitable site therefor.

"SEC. 2. Original section one is hereby repealed.

"SEC. 3. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after

its passage.

"Thos. A. Cowgili.,
" Speaker of the House of Representatives.

"R. G. Richards,
" President pro tern, of the Senate.
" Passed February 4. 1881."

II.

THE Monument Committee reported progress at the
Annual Reunion of the Soldiers and Sailors of
the county, and were, by resolutions adopted thereat,
continued in their work. From the formation of the
Committee its meetings were held in the office of County
Auditor and Comrade Levi F. Bauder, on his invitation.
He represented the County Commissioners as their
Clerk, and was, on regular motion, chosen Secretary
at the joint meetings of the Committee and Commis-
sioners. At the Reunion held June 17th, 1882, his
term as County Auditor having nearly expired, he was
elected a regular member of the Monument Committee.
Subsequently, he was elected its permanent Secretary.

Comrade Edwin Andrews, of Rockport Township, a
member of the original Committee of seven, died in
1883, sincerely regretted by all of his associates.

At the Annual Reunion held in Chagrin Falls, June
20th, 1884, Comrades James Barnett and Charles C.
Dewstoe were, by resolution of Comrade J. J. Elwell,
added to the Committee. On the same date, by resolu-
tion of Comrade Dewstoe, Comrades J. J. Elwell, Joseph
B. Molyneaux, James Hayr and R. W. Walters were
added to the Committee. The original Committee, to-
gether with the additions thereto, were continued at
each Annual Reunion ; reports of progress being regu-
larly submitted and approved.

A number of meetings were held by the Committee
in the Fall of 1884 and in the Spring of 1885. The
most important one took place February 28th, 1885.
At this meeting the Chairman of the Committee pro-

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 19

posed the propriety and necessity of requesting the
Legislature to give authority to raise an additional levy
of five-tenths of a mill on the taxable property of the
county, so that a suitable Monument might be erected.
His views met with the hearty approval of all of the
members of the Committee. Comrade Dewstoe offered
a resolution to carry out the Chairman's recommenda-
tion, which was unanimously adopted. At this meeting,
on resolution of Comrade Elwell, a Subcommittee of
five was appointed on legislation, with instructions to
prepare a bill for raising the additional tax levy, said
Subcommittee to report to the General Committee
March 28th, 1885. The Legislative Committee, consist-
ing of the Chairman and Comrades Elwell, Bander,
Dewstoe and County Commissioner B. F. Phinney,
carried out the duty assigned them. The bill, as drafted,
was approved by the General Committee. It was trans-
mitted to Senator and Comrade A. J. Williams, by
whom it was promptly introduced and passed into law.
The bill was as follows:

" [Senate Bill No. 446.]

"AN ACT

" To amend section one of an act entitled, 'An act to authorize the
County Commissioners of Cuyahoga County to build a Monu-
ment or Memorial Tablet commemorative of the deceased Soldiers
and Sailors of said county, and to purchase a site therefor,'
passed April 2, 1880 (vol. 77, p. 368), as amended February 4, 1881
(vol. 78, p. 316), and to amend section two of said original act.

" Section i. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State
of Ohio, That section one of an act entitled, 'An act to authorize the
County Commissioners of Cuyahoga County to build a Monument
or Memorial Tablet commemorative of the deceased Soldiers and
Sailors of said county, and to purchase a site therefor,' passed
April 2, 1880, as amended February 4, 1881, be amended so as to read
as follows:

"Section 1. That the County Commissioners of Cuyahoga
County be and they are hereby authorized to levy a tax upon all the
taxable property of said county, not exceeding five- tenths of one

20 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

mill on the dollar of the valuation of said property, in addition to
any tax heretofore levied under said act, not more than one-fifth of
which shall be levied and collected annually, for the purpose of
erecting a suitable structure commemorative of the services,
patriotism and valor of the Soldiers and Sailors of the Union Army
and Navy in the War of the Rebellion, who enlisted from Cuyahoga
County, and either were killed, died of wounds or of disease con-
tracted in said service, or subsequently died residents of said
county, and to purchase a suitable site therefor, and the funds
heretofore collected under said act shall be applied, together with
that raised under and pursuant to this act, to the purpose aforesaid.

" Sec. 2. That section two of said act, passed April 2, 1880, be
amended so as to read as follows :

" Section 2. All plans and specifications for said structure, and
the site therefor, together with all contracts for the construction of
the same, shall be submitted to and approved by the Commissioners
of said county, as well as by the Committee on Monument of
Soldiers and Sailors of said county, and the building of said struct-
ure shall be supervised by, and the bills of expense for the same
paid upon vouchers approved by said Commissioners. Provided,
however, that the entire cost and expense of such structure, includ-
ing the site therefor, shall not exceed the levy heretofore made
when increased by the lev}- authorized by this act.

" SEC. 3. Said original section two and said original section one,
as amended February 4, 1881, are herein- repealed.

" Sec. 4. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after
its passage.

"A. D. Marsh,
" Speaker of the House of Representatives.
"John G. Warwick,
" President of the Senate.

"Passed April 22, 1885."

Senator Williams was subsequently tendered a unan-
imous vote of thanks, on behalf of the three thousand
Soldiers of the county, for his prompt action and per-
sonal attention given to the request of the Committee.

STATUE OF " LIBERTY."

III.

TOURING the years 1885 and 1886, there was a
-L' spirited but amicable controversy among the ex-
Soldiers and Sailors of the county as to the style of the
Memorial. Some favored a monument, or shaft; others
a memorial hall. For the purpose of giving general
satisfaction, the Monument Committee held the matter
open for a year, and gave notice to all ex-Soldiers that
the question would be decided by ballot at the reunion
to be held in Bedford on June 17th, 1886. This reunion
was largely attended. Lively and interesting speeches
were made by a number of Comrades, and, after a full
and free discussion, the vote resulted in a very decisive
majority in favor of a Memorial Monument, with a
towering shaft.

Pending the slow, but sure, accumulation of the
money raised by the collection of the tax levy for the
Monument Fund, the site originally recommended and
desired for the location of the structure was lost to the
Committee. The intention was to round off the four
corners of the different sections of the Public Square,
and erect the Monument in the center, at the junction
of Superior and Ontario Streets. The street railroad
corporations, however, were active in the scheme of
obtaining all of the best streets in the city for the pur-
pose of occupying the same with their tracks ; and,
before the Committee were ready to proceed with the
work of construction, they gained control of Superior
and Ontario Streets through the Square, thus depriving
the Monument of the best location in the county.

Several meetings were held by the Committee, late

24 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

in 1886 and early in 1887. On January 29th, 1S87, tne
Chairman of the Committee and Comrades Levi F.
Bauder, C. C. Dewstoe, J. B. Molyneanx and James
Hayr, and County Commissioner George A. Schlatter-
beck, were appointed a Subcommittee to select and
report a suitable site for the Monument. This Com-
mittee met, and made a personal tour in examination
of the different points thought of or suggested to them.
After carefully taking into consideration the merits of
the several places inspected on the East, West, and
South Sides of the City, and Lake View Park on the
north, the Committee named unanimously reported in
favor of locating the Monument on the southeast sec-
tion of the Public Square. The General Committee
approved and adopted said report without a dissenting
voice. At this meeting, also, the General Committee
appointed Comrades James Barnett, J. J. Elwell, J. B.
Molyneaux, Levi T. Scofield, Levi F. Bauder, and the
Chairman a Subcommittee to prepare or procure a
design for the Monument.

A resolution offered by Comrade Molyneaux, sec-
onded by Comrade Elwell, was introduced, as follows:

"Resolved, That Captain Levi T. Scofield be requested to submit
to the Committee a plan for a Soldiers' Monument, to be subject to
such suggestions or alterations as may be agreed upon by the Com-
mittee; it being understood, however, that nothing in this resolu-
tion shall be construed as to, in any way, commit or bind this Com-
mittee to the acceptance or adoption of such design or plan."

The resolution was adopted.

Comrade Scofield proceeded to comply with the
resolution, and, in due time, prepared and presented a
design for the proposed Monument. Important changes
in the same were suggested from time to time, as are
shown in the description of the Monument herein pub-
lished. When the work was properly advanced to begin
the erection of the structure, the Subcommittee on site

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 25

called upon the Park Commissioners of the City, and
informed them, officially, of the location selected. The
meeting at which this action was taken was held on the
17th day of May, 1887. Several meetings of the Park
Commissioners and Monument Committee ensued. On
June 14th of the same year, the following communica-
tion was received :

"City of Cleveland, O., "}

" Office of the Park Commissioners, }
"June 14th, 1887. J
" To W. J. Gleason, Chairman of the Soldiers' Monument Com-
mittee.

" Dear Sir : — The Commissioners, having had your proposition
and request under consideration, find some objections to the site
selected, and, while these objections may not be insuperable, we are
averse to giving your Commission a final answer until further con-
sideration can be given to the question. These objections apply
only to the quarter of the Square selected by your Commission.
Should either of the other quarters be determined upon, the Com-
missioners would not hesitate in giving a ready consent; or should
the intersection of Superior and Ontario Streets be selected, the
Commissioners would consent to such changes as might be neces-
sary to widen the roadways around the Monument.®
" By order of the Commissioners,

"W. H. Eckman, Secretary."

Several subsequent meetings were held with the
Park Commissioners, but no definite conclusion was
reached.

Let it be borne in mind that, from the commence-
ment of the Monument project up to this time, the only
objections to the site selected came from the Park
Commissioners, as stated in their communication, and
from Judge Samuel E. Williamson, a property owner

* [At this date, the street railroad corporations had their rails
laid through the streets named, by virtue of a City ordinance and
the consent of the Park Commissioners, giving them a free franchise
for twenty-five years; hence the offer of the Commissioners, made
in the latter clause of their communication, could not be carried out
by them.— W. J. G.]

26 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

on the corner of Euclid Avenue and the Public Square.
On the 3d of October, of the same year, the latter filed
the following letter with the Park Commissioners :

" Law Office of
" Williamson, Beach & Cushing, j
" Merchants Bank Building,
" Cleveland, O., October 3rd, 1887. J

"A. H. Stone, Esq., President of Park Commissioners, City.

"Dear Sir: — Information has reached me that some gentlemen
especially interested in the matter of the Monument to the Soldiers
and Sailors seriously propose to have the Monument erected upon
the southeast corner of the Public Square, and the}- are likely to ask
the consent of your Board to this location.

"I must very earnestly protest against such use of the Public
Square. I may as well say frankly, at the outset, that my father's
family own property upon the corner of Euclid Avenue and the Park ;
and as such a structure as is proposed will substantially occupy all
that part of the Park lying east of Ontario Street and south of
Superior Street, it will substantially convert what is now a front
upon the Park into a mere front upon a street, and thus very ma-
terially impair the value of the property in which we are interested.
I should therefore be compelled to avail myself of such legal rights
as I may have, if you should give your consent to the location.

"I am confident, however, that when the matter is thoroughly
understood, you will not consent to have the Monument placed in
the Public Square ; and that the gentlemen who have made the ap-
plication will not press it. The fact that it will completely close the
view from Euclid Avenue across the Square ought to be a sufficient
reason for refusing the application ; but there are other reasons still
more weighty. It will close the walk across that part of the Square,
which is a great convenience to thousands of citizens, and was never
thoroughly appreciated until the Square was fenced in, some years
ago. It would dwarf the Monument itself, which is to be of such
proportions that it ought to be placed on a much larger tract of
land; but most of all, it would substantially reduce by one-fourth
the dimensions of a park which probably gives more enjoyment and
comfort to the people of this city than any other one thing in it;
and zvould probably be the commencement of a change which would
result in the use of the whole of the Park for buildings.

" But, even if it were expedient, in view of all the circumstances,
to use the Park in the manner proposed, I believe that you have no
right to do so. To introduce a few statues for ornamentation is
doubtless within }-our powers, but it is, at least, doubtful whether

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 27

you would have the right to permit the erection of a Court House or
City Hall, or any other building for purely public purposes; and, in
my judgment, it is entirely clear that you have not the right to
permit the erection of a building not to be under your control, and
not to be used for a strictly public purpose.

" I have stated my views of the matter very briefly, but, perhaps,
sufficiently to bring them to your attention. If, however, you should
conclude that it is expedient to allow the erection of the Monument,
as is proposed, and have doubts as to your legal rights in the matter,
I shall be very glad to be heard upon that subject before you come
to final decision.

" Very respectfully yours,

" vSAM'L E. WILLIAMSON."

In the several conferences with the Park Commis-
sioners the latter body never flatly objected to the site
selected ; never absolutely refused their consent. They
simply withheld their permission, and, with excuse after
excuse, kept putting the Committee off, invariably ex-
pressing the hope and desire that the Monument Com-
mittee would take and occupy either of the other three
sections of the Public Square.

Every meeting of the Committee was open to the
public. The reporters of the city newspapers were
present. All of its proceedings were published. Not
one nezvspapcr objected to the site selected. Not one
citizen objected, either orally or in writing, in private
or public, so far as the Monument Committee ever
heard or learned. On the other hand, the monument
project and the site selected were universally approved
by all of the newspapers and the people of the city and
county.

The genuine objection to the site, as recognized by
the Monument Committee, and subsequently by the
Commission, was frankly stated by Hon. J. H. Wade,
President of the Board of Park Commissioners, at one
of the early meetings with the Committee when the
question of location was still in controversy. He said,
in substance : " That in his opinion, Cleveland was

28 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

destined to be a great and populous city ; the down-town
streets would be so crowded by people that more room
would be required ; the increase of street car travel
would be so large that the cars would need more out-
lets. So far as he was personally concerned, he strongly
favored the extension of Euclid Avenue througli the south-
east section of the Public Square, joining with Superior
Street, so that the street cars would have a direct route."
All future events clearly demonstrated that the feeling
thus emphatically expressed was the real power behind
the throne, even though the object was endeavored to
be disguised by interested parties, so far as the general
public were concerned.

During the prolonged and numerous conferences with
the Park Commissioners, all conducted in the seem-
ingly most friendly spirit, no determination was reached.
Sincerely feeling that the location selected was the best
and most desirable one to be had in the county, the
Committee concluded that the time had arrived to pro-
ceed on business principles, so that we might accom-
plish the object for which we were selected.

Early in 1888, the Committee was deprived of the
further services of two of its original and esteemed
members, Comrades W. F. Goodspeed and E. H. Eg-
gleston. The former gave up his residence in the
county, having moved with his family to Columbus, O.,
to go into business there ; the latter, owing to pressing
engagements and ill health, did not have the necessary
time to give attention to the duties of his position.
The resignations tendered by these Comrades were re-
ceived with regret. Their valuable aid in the prelimi-
nary work of the Committee was earnest and cordial,
and, as the project advanced in future years, their per-
sonal interest and influence never ceased.

IV.

SLIGHT differences of opinion had also arisen be-
tween the County Commissioners and the Com-
mittee in relation to authority or separate jurisdiction,
under the law, in connection with the manner of pro-
curing plans for the Monument. To obviate any
further dispute with the Park Commissioners or the
County Commissioners, the Committee requested Com-
rade Allen T. Brinsmade, then City Solicitor, to draft a
bill setting aside the southeast section of the Public
Square as the location for the Monument, excluding
the County Commissioners from future jurisdiction, and
creating the Cuyahoga County Soldiers' and Sailors'
Monument Commission, giving them full power to pre-
pare plans and proceed with the construction of the Mon-
ument. Fully realizing the importance of the measure,
and desiring to have it perfect, Comrade Brinsmade
called to his aid Judge Rufus P. Ranney and Judge
Seneca O. Griswold. These eminent lawyers were
ardent friends of the Monument Committee and of the
site selected by them, and freely gave their brilliant
services in the preparation of the bill. The result of
the high order of talent engaged in the work success-
fully withstood all assaults subsequently brought
against it in the several courts through which it passed.
When the bill was completed, it was transmitted to
Representative and Comrade William T. Clark, by
whom it was presented and passed through the House.
Senator and Comrade Vincent A. Taylor took charge of
it in the Senate, and had it made law on the 16th day
of April, 1888, as follows :

30 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

"[House Bill No. 462.]

"AN ACT

" Supplementary to an act entitled, 'An act to authorize the County
Commissioners of Cuyahoga County to build a Monument or Me-
morial Tablet commemorative of the deceased Soldiers and Sailors
of said county, and to purchase a site therefor,' passed April
2d, 1S80 (vol. 77, p. 36S), as amended April 22d, 18S5 (vol. 82, p.
368), and to repeal section two (2) of said last mentioned act.
" Section i. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State
of Ohio, That there be and hereby is created a Board of Commis-
sioners, to be called the Monumental Commissioners of Cuyahoga
County, to be composed of twelve persons, who shall be resident
electors of said county, and members of the present Monumental
Committee of the Cuvahoga Count}' Soldiers' and Sailors' Union,
to be appointed by the Governor of the State of Ohio, by and with
the consent of the Senate, and shall hold their term for five years,
or until the Monument or structure herein provided for shall be
completed, and shall perform the duties and exercise the powers
prescribed by this act; and any vacancy occurring in said Board
shall, at the next annual meeting thereafter of the Cuyahoga County
Soldiers' and Sailors' Union, be filled by such union selecting a
member having the qualifications herein prescribed, who shall take
an oath as prescribed in the next succeeding section.

" SECTION 2. That upon the appointment and confirmation of
said Commissioners, they shall each take an oath to well and truly
perforrii the duties imposed upon them by this act, and shall organ-
ize by selecting one of their number as President, another as Secre-
tary, and an Executive Committee of five, of whom the President of
said Board shall be one, and ex officio Chairman.

"Section 3. Said Board of Monument Commissioners, when duly
organized, shall have full power to select a place for the proposed
Monument, and shall have the exclusive control of the building of
said Monument, and the plan for the same, and are empowered to
have designs and models prepared, and are hereby authorized, if
they so determine, to locate the site of such Monument on the
southeast side of the " Public Square " so called, at the junction of
Superior and Ontario Streets in the City of Cleveland, and in case
thev so determine, the Park Commissioners of said City are hereby
authorized and required on demand in writing by said Commission-
ers, at the expense of said City, to remove the monument of Com-
modore Perry, now in said southeast corner of said Square, to some
other square or public park in said City, and all other obstructions
therein ; but if the said Board of Monument Commissioners do not
determine to locate the site for said Monument in said southeast

soldiers' and sailors' MONUMENT. 3t

square of said Public Square, they are authorized to purchase or
procure any other site for the same within said county.

"Section 4. Said Board of Monument Commissioners having
determined upon a site for said structure as herein authorized, shall
determine upon a plan for such monument or structure, and are
authorized to contract with the lowest and best responsible bidder,
for either the whole or any part of the work, or they may, in their
discretion, contract for the same by the day's work or piece ; pro-
vided, however, the entire cost of the same and any expense of the
Commissioners shall not exceed the amount already authorized by
this act to be levied for the same, and provided further, that said
Board of Monument Commissioners are authorized to receive dona-
tions in money and materials for said structure, or time or services
of any person or persons, the amount and value of which shall not
be computed in the amount of the total cost hereinbefore provided,
nor any interest that may be received, but shall be in addition
thereto.

" Section 5. The said Board of Monument Commissioners are
also hereby authorized to appropriate for temporary use, at the
commencement of and during the progress of their work, any pub-
lic property of the County of Cuyahoga or of the City of Cleveland,
which may at the time be vacant, and to erect temporary structures
thereon in which work for the Monument can be prepared, and to
have heat and light furnished free upon application of said Board
of Commissioners, from any public building of either the said
county or city, in ample quantity for such temporary structure
which may be contiguous to such public building.

" SECTION 6. The County Commissioners of Cuyahoga County
are hereby authorized and directed, upon the passage of this act, to
loan out to the various banks of the City of Cleveland, on approved
security and at a rate of interest not less than three per centum per
annum, the money collected for the purposes herein mentioned,
and to be collected under the levy authorized by this act, and the
interest thereon shall be placed to the credit of the fund to be used
for the building of said structure, and the Auditor of Cuyahoga
County is authorized and required to draw a warrant on the Treas-
urer of said County from time to time for the money by said Treas-
urer collected for the purpose herein stated, in order that the said
Commissioners may invest the same as herein provided; such inter-
est as may be received from such investment shall not be charged
to said Commissioners as a part of said original fund, but shall be
an additional fund to that received under the several levies as pro-
vided by law, and shall be used in the building of the structure
herein contemplated, and such entire fund shall be subject to the
drafts of said Board of Monument Commissioners.

32 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

"Section 7. The Board of Monument Commissioners shall have
power and are hereby authorized as the work on the Monument or
structure by them determined upon progresses, to make drafts upon
the Auditor of said County, to pay for such work done and materials
furnished uuder their direction, such drafts to be signed by a ma-
jority of the Executive Committee of said Board, countersigned by
its Secretary, and upon receiving such drafts said Auditor shall
draw his warrant upon the Treasurer of Cuyahoga County for the
amount of such drafts; and the said County Commissioners are
hereby authorized and required to withdraw any portion of the
money invested by them as herein provided, as the work on such
structure progresses, and place the same in the County Treasury to
the credit of the Monument Fund; and the Secretary of said Board
of Monument Commissioners is hereby required to give said
County Commissioners reasonable notice in writing of the inten-
tion of said Monument Commissioners to make drafts on the
County Auditor for money for such work or material. Upon the
completion of the Monument or structure, the said Board of Monu-
ment Commissioners shall turn the same over to the Park Commis-
sioners of said City or other properly constituted authorities per-
forming like duties, who shall thereafter care for the same and the
grounds surrounding, and who shall be empowered to employ an
ex-Soldier as an attendant and guardian of such Monument at a rea-
sonable compensation, and such attendant shall be vested with the
ordinary powers of a policeman ; and upon the completion of such
Monument or structure, and after the same shall have been turned
over as herein provided, the duties and powers of said Board of
Monument Commissioners shall cease, and all balances of the
Monument Fund unexpended after the Monument is completed and
dedicated shall be turned over to the General Fund of Cuyahoga
County.

" Section S. That section two, as amended April 22d, 1885
(vol. 82, O. L., pp. 368 and 369), be and the same is hereby
repealed.

" SECTION 9. This act shall take effect and be in force from and
after its passage.

" Elbert D. Lampson,
" Speaker of the House of Representatives.
" Theo. F. Davis,
" President pro tern, of the Senate.

" Passed April 16, 1888."

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 33

Pursuant to this act of the General Assembly of Ohio,
Comrade and Governor Joseph B. Foraker appointed
the following Comrades as the Board of Monument
Commissioners of Cuyahoga County :

WILLIAM J. GLEASON,
EDWARD H. BOHM,
EMORY W. FORCE,
LEVI T. SCOFIELD,
LEVI F. BAUDER,
JAMES BARNETT,
CHARLES C. DEWSTOE,
J. J. EL WELL,
JOSEPH B. MOLYNEAUX,
JAMES HAYR,
R. W. WALTERS,
M. D. LEGGETT.

THE Board of Monument Commissioners, having
received their commissions from the Governor of
the State, held their first meeting in the office of the
Board of Elections, City of Cleveland, on May 16th, 1888.
Their term of enlistment was for five years, or ("during
the war ") until the completion of the Monument. We
clip the proceedings of the initial meeting from the
Leader of May 17th :

" The first meeting of the Cuyahoga County Soldiers'
Monumental Commission was held yesterday afternoon
in the rooms of the Board of Elections. The Commis-
sion was appointed under an act of the Legislature,
passed on April 16th, 1888. Those present were Major
W. J. Gleason, Captain E. H. Bohm, Emory W. Force,
Captain Levi T. Scofield, General James Barnett, Gen-
eral J. J. Elwell, Captain Levi F. Bauder, James
Hayr, C. C. Dewstoe, Captain J. B. Molyneaux and
General M. D. Leggett. The only absentee was Dr. R.
W. Walters, of Chagrin Falls.

" A temporary organization was formed yesterday
afternoon by making Major W. J. Gleason Chairman,
and Captain Levi F. Bauder Secretary. The bill creat-
ing the Commission was read, and the Commissioners
were given the oath of office by Mr. Bauder, he in turn
being sworn in by Captain Bohm. Acting upon the
suggestion of Mr. Emory Force, the Commission pro-
ceeded to a permanent organization. Major W. J.
Gleason was nominated for Chairman, and was unani-
mously elected. He made a few remarks in which he
said it would be his highest ambition to hasten the

soldiers' and sailors1 monument. 37

completion of the Monument. He thought that a shaft
should be erected which would be a pride to every
man, woman and child in the county, and a fitting
tribute to the memory of the boys of the Rebellion.
Levi F. Bauder was elected as permanent Secretary,
and the following Executive Committee, of which the
President is a member, was elected : General James
Barnett, James Hayr, Captain J. B. Molyneaux and
Captain Levi T. Scofield. Captain Bauder was subse-
quently chosen Secretary of the Committee. Captain
Boh m thought it would be the proper thing to inform
the County Commissioners that the Commission had or-
ganized, so that necessarv arrangements could be made.

" General Barnett said that it was the sense of the
Commission that the Monument should be erected in
the southeast corner of the Public Square, where the
Perry Monument now stands, and the Park Commis-
sioners will be so notified.

" The general plan of the Monument was discussed,
and it was the general impression of the members that
the design of Captain Scofield was the best that could
be obtained. The Captain does not claim the design as
his own, it being made from suggestions of the mem-
bers, and he will accept no compensation for it. The
question of advertising for designs was discussed and
then dropped.

" Captain Bohin offered the following resolution,
which was adopted :

" That the Secretary of this Commission be instructed to inform
the County Commissioners of Cuyahoga County of the fact that
the Monumental Commission of Cuyahoga County, created by act
of General Assembly of the State of Ohio, passed April 16th, 1888,
has been duly organized in accordance with the provisions of that act ;
that the Monument Commission respectfully desires the County
Commissioners to advise, as early as possible, the Monument Com-
mission of the exact amount of funds now in the hands of the
County Treasurer to the credit of the Cuyahoga County Soldiers'
Monument, and that the Monument Commission requests the

38 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

County Commissioners to deposit said funds to the credit of said
Monumental Commission, on interest, as required by said act, at
their earliest convenience.

" After a great deal of discussion, the following reso-
lution by E. H. Bohm was adopted :

" Resolved, That Commissioner Levi T. Scofield be requested to
present to this Commission, at his earliest convenience, his develop-
ment of the suggestions heretofore made as to plan and model of
the proposed Cuyahoga County Soldiers' Monument, without cost
to the Commission.

" The Commission then adjourned to meet at the call
of the Chairman. The meeting was a long one, and
much enthusiasm was displayed."

The Monument Commission, having its duties clearly
denned, proceeded to systematic work. Recognizing
their rights and responsibilities under the law creating
them, they nevertheless desired to work in harmony
with the City authorities. Agreeable thereto they made
a written request to the Honorable City Council of the
City of Cleveland, asking consent from that body, as
representing the City, to locate the Monument on the
site selected by them, viz., the southeast section of the
Public Square. On June 29th, 1888, the records show
that the following resolution was introduced in the City
Council :

" By Mr. Robert S. Avery :

"Whereas, The Monument Commission of Cuyahoga County,
authorized by the General Assembly of the State to have full charge
of the erection of a Monument commemorative of the Soldiers
and Sailors of Cuyahoga County, have selected in accordance with
the provisions of the law the southeast section of the Public
Square as a suitable site for such Monument ; therefore, be it

" Resolved, That the consent of the Common Council of the
City of Cleveland be and it is hereby granted to such Commission
to erect such Monument on the site so selected."

The resolution was adopted without a dissenting
voice. The Common Council was composed of the
members of the Council and Board of Aldermen, and

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 39

their combined action was highly pleasing and satis-
factory to the Commission.

Following this consent the Commission asked and
received permission from the Board of Improvements
of the City to occupy a portion of the ground in the
rear of the City Hall, on which to erect a studio,
wherein might be commenced the practical work of the
Monument. The Commission were largely encouraged
and aided in their preliminary work by Hon. Brenton
D. Babcock, then Mayor of the city. The studio was
promptly built, and, immediately thereafter, artists,
sculptors and modelers were employed. The grand
undertaking of the Commission, thus auspiciously be-
gun, was prosecuted with vigor.

At the reunion of Cuyahoga County Soldiers and
Sailors, held in 1889, the Secretary rendered a report of
the work performed by the Commission up to that time.
At this reunion the President demonstrated the neces-
sity of providing more funds for the Monument. A
resolution was unanimously adopted approving his
recommendation. Agreeable thereto, one of the first
bills introduced in the Ohio Legislature, at its session
in January, 1890, was the following by Representative
and Comrade W. D. Pudney, through whose zeal and
influence it was at once made into law :

"[House Bill No. 87. ]
"AN ACT

" To amend section one of an act entitled, 'An act to authorize the
County Commissioners of Cuyahoga County to build a Monu-
ment or a Memorial Tablet commemorative of the deceased Sol-
diers and Sailors of said County, and to purchase a site therefor,'
passed April 2d, 1880 (vol. 77, p. 368), as amended Feb. 4th, i88r
(vol. 78, p. 316), as amended April 22d, 1SS5 (vol. 82, p. 368).
" Section i. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State
of Ohio, That section one of an act entitled, 'An act to authorize the
County Commissioners of Cuyahoga County to build a Monument
or Memorial Tablet commemorative of the deceased Soldiers and

40 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

Sailors of said County, and to purchase a site therefor,' passed April
2d, 1880 (vol. 77, p. 368), as amended February 4th, 1881 (vol. 78, p.
316), as amended April 22d, 1885 (vol. 82, p. 368), be so amended as
to read as follows :

" Sec. 1. That the County Commissioners of Cuyahoga County
be and they are hereby authorized to levy a tax upon all the taxable
property of said County, not exceeding three-tenths of one mill on
the dollar of the valuation of said property, in addition to any tax
heretofore levied under said act, not more than one-third of which
shall be levied and collected annually, for the purpose of erecting
a suitable structure commemorative of the services, patriotism and
valor of the Soldiers and Sailors of the Union Army and Navv in
the War of the Rebellion, who enlisted from Cuyahoga County and
either were killed, died of wounds or disease contracted in said
service, or subsequently died residents of said County, and to pur-
chase a suitable site therefor ; and the funds heretofore collected
under said act shall be applied, together with that raised under and
pursuant to this act, to the purpose aforesaid.

" Section 2. That said section one (1), as amended April 22d,
1885, is hereby repealed.

" Section 3. This act shall take effect and be in force from and
after its passage.

" NlAL R. HYSEIvL,

" Speaker of the House of Representatives.

" Elbert L. Uampson,

" President of the Senate.
" Passed January 30th, 1S90."

VI.

DURING the Spring and Summer of 1890, the
Executive Committee held several meetings,
approving bills and carefully watching the progress of
the work. Artists, models and modelers were con-
tinually employed. When the result of their work was
ready, bids for casting it into bronze were advertised
for. Proposals were received from the best known
bronze companies in New York, Massachusetts, Penn-
sylvania and Illinois, and contracts were let, at satis-
factory figures.

In the meantime, the great task of obtaining the
name, regiment, company and rank of each and all of
the Soldiers and Sailors of Cuyahoga County during the
War was going steadily forward. This was the solid
foundation on which was to be erected the splendid
Memorial that would hand down to future generations
the names of the boys in blue who represented our
county in the long and trying days when the union of
our States was endeavored to be sundered by foes from
within, encouraged and aided by hereditary foes in
other lands. The names were to be chiseled on endur-
ing marble, suitably arranged around the walls of the
Memorial building, and surrounded by emblematic
scenes and actual incidents that occurred while the
boys of '61 to '65 were engaged in the patriotic work
of doing their share to protect the Constitution, pre-
serve the Union, and make our people what by right
they should be, in fact as well as in name — free, equal,
and united.

In the Winter of 1888, Mrs. Levi T. Scofield compiled

42 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

a preliminary list of names, carefully going over all of
the records available at that time. There was no
printed roster in the State of Comrades who had
enlisted in the first three months' service, the Regulars,
the Navy, or of those who were temporarily absent
from the county and volunteered from other States.
She procured and arranged about six thousand names.
The compilation comprised a large amount of intelli-
gent, painstaking work, which was cheerfully and
gratuitously done. It served a very useful purpose,
ten thousand copies of it being printed in pamphlet
form and circulated throughout the Grand Army Posts
of the County, State and Nation. It was thus an
indispensable medium for obtaining as nearly a correct
record of the Soldiers and Sailors of our county as has
been possible. The pamphlets were issued on May
15th, 1889, and corrections and additions to same were
held open till May 15th, 1891. The revision of the
roster was performed by the President and Secretary,
pursuant to a resolution of the Commission. Their
work entailed a large volume of correspondence, run-
ning along through two years, five thousand letters and
requests being freely answered. More than six thou-
sand corrections, erasures and additions were made.
There may possibly be a few errors in the spelling of
names, or in omissions, but the Roll of Honor of
the Cuyahoga County Soldiers and Sailors is as nearly
perfect as the Commission have been able to make it,
with the information at hand. Every surviving Com-
rade in Cuyahoga County, and the relatives and friends
of dead or living Comrades, have had ample opportunity
and time for furnishing names and making proper cor-
rections. If any errors or omissions still exist, it is
certainly not through any lack of perseverance, zeal or
industry on the part of the Commission.

In a large number of instances, Comrades served at

SOLDIERS1 AND SAILORS' MONUMENT.

different times with different commands. It has been
the intention of the Commission, however, that in the
Roll of Honor, and on the marble slabs in the Monu-
ment, each Comrade's name appear but once. His
name is recorded with the command, and given the
proper rank in said command that he is entitled to, for
which he or his family have expressed a preference. A
carefnl reading of the names will demonstrate that
nearly every one of the old families in Cleveland and
the townships in Cuyahoga County had one or more
representatives in the Civil War. To illustrate: The
population of Cuyahoga County from 1861 to 1865 was
about 60,000. The Roll of Honor contains, by actual
count, nearly nine thousand names, representing the
Infantry, Artillery, Cavalry, and Naval branches of
service, also staff appointments, and the Women's Aid
Society. This extraordinarily large list of volunteers
strongly exhibits the universal spirit of loyalty and
patriotism that pervaded the people of our County in
the dark and trying days of the Rebellion. The Roll
of Honor, as it appears in the Memorial room of the
Monument, will be found in an appropriate place in
this volume.

As soon as the obtaining of the names was com-
pleted, and the additions made and errors corrected, a
contract was entered into to place them on marble
tablets. The contract was finished and delivered in the
latter part of 1891.

The bronze groups were completed, as was also the
material for the granite shaft, and the time for com-
mencing the erection of the main structure had arrived.
In order to proceed in a dignified and business-like
manner, and to prevent any further vacillating delay
on the part of the Park Commissioners, the Commission
ordered the following- communication to be sent them:

44 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

" Headquarters Cuyahoga County
" Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument Commission, [
" Room 20, City Hall,
"Cleveland, O., September 1st, 1890. J

"To the Honorable, the Board of Park Commissioners of Cleve-
land, O.

"Gentlemen: — Pursuant to an act of the Legislature of Ohio,
and the request of this Commission, the Common Council of Cleve-
land has set apart the southeast section of the Public Square of
Cleveland as a site for the Cuyahoga County Soldiers' and Sailors'
Monument.

"As the Commission expects to break ground on the selected

site on or before the 1st day of March, 1891, your Honorable Board

is respectfully requested to remove the statue of Commodore Perry,

and other things of use or ornament now occupying said site, to

enable the Commission to begin work by the above mentioned date.

" Very respectfull\%

" The Cuyahoga County Soldiers' and Sailors'

Monument Commission,

"Wm. J. Gleason, President.
"Levi F. Bauder, Secretary."

This letter not being immediately answered, an
amended communication was transmitted, in which
the word "demanded" was substituted for the word
"requested," as the law technically required. The only
result accomplished was the repeatedly expressed wish
of the Park Commissioners " that the Commission
would take and occupy either of the three other sec-
tions of the Public Square as a suitable site." Each of
said sections being of exactly similar dimensions, the
Commission could not see the sense or propriety of
giving up what the law entitled them to, and what was
considered by them to be by far the most desirable site.

Then the Park Commissioners made a novel and
purely original proposition : In the sweet bye and bye
— very remote bye and bye — they would provide a
grand boulevard to encircle the city. On said proposed
boulevard they would locate a system of small parks.
On one of said parks, to be established at the corner of

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 47

Woodland Avenue and Woodland Hills Avenue, to con-
tain fifteen acres, they would set aside a plat for the
Soldiers' Monument ! Happy thought ! Great heads
had these Park Commissioners ! Their generous offer
was promptly declined, without thanks.

Following along in rapid succession, the schemes of
the different street railroad corporations began to
unfold. The East Cleveland Company, through its
attorney and stockholders, argued for Wade Park ; the
West Side Company for the abandoned sand hill known
formerly as the Water Works Reservoir; the South
Side Company for the "old camp ground," Pelton
Park; the Superior Street Company for Payne's Com-
mons. Still, they all pretended to be disinterested; but
the Commission knew their schemes, and baffled them.
The street railroad corporations gained possession of all
of the leading streets in the city, without the payment of
a dollar for the privilege ; but they could not, and did
not, gobble the best site left in the county for the
Monument. Neither did thev succeed in establishing-
the location of the Monument, so that all who visited it
would be compelled to pay them tribute.

From April, 1889, to April, 1891, Hon. George W.
Gardner was Mayor of the city. During his administra-
tion, he aided the Commission in every way possible,
frequently visiting the artists' studio, and commending
the work accomplished. Mayor Gardner, like his
predecessor, Mayor Babcock, was an old and respected
resident of the city; hence he took an active and per-
sonal interest in the Soldiers' Memorial that was
destined to beautify and render attractive and historic
his old home. We very much regret that we cannot
truthfully compliment his successor in the same
manner.

Work was continually progressing on the Monument.
To carrv out the elaborate scale on which it was to be

48 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

erected, more funds were required. On request of the
Commission, Comrade and Representative W. D.
Pudney introduced the following bill in the Ohio
Legislature, early in the session of 1891. His col-
leagues generously co-operated with him in securing its
passage into law:

" [House Bill No. 1609.]
"AN ACT

" Supplementary and amendatory to an act to amend section one of

an act entitled, 'An act to authorize the County Commissioners of

Cuyahoga County to build a Monument or a Memorial Tablet

commemorative of the deceased Soldiers and Sailors of said

County, and to purchase a site therefor,' passed April 2nd, 1880

(vol. 77, p. 368), as amended February 4th, 1881 (vol. 78, p. 316), as

amended April 22nd, 1885 (vol. 82, p. 368), as amended April 16th,

1888 (vol. 85, p. 564), as amended January 30th, 1890 (vol. 87, p.

391), be so supplemented and amended as to read as follows:

" Section i. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State

of Ohio, That section one of an act entitled ' An act to authorize the

County Commissioners of Cuyahoga County to build a Monument

or Memorial tablet, commemorative of the deceased Soldiers and

Sailors of said County, and to purchase a site therefor,' passed April

2nd, 1880 (vol. 77, p. 368), as amended February 4th, 1881 (vol. 78, p.

316), as amended April 22nd, 1885 (vol. 82, p. 368), as amended

April 16th, 1888 (vol. 85, p. 564), as amended January 30th, 1890

(vol. 87, p. 391), be so supplemented and amended as to read as

follows :

"Sec. 1. That the County Commissioners of Cuyahoga County
be and they are hereb)' authorized to levy a tax upon all the taxable
property of said County, not exceeding six-tenths of a mill on the
dollar of the valuation of said property in addition to any tax here-
tofore levied under said acts, to be levied and collected as follows :
For the year 1891, one-tenth of a mill; for the year 1892, one-tenth
of a mill ; for the year 1893, two-tenths of a mill ; for the year 1894,
two-tenths of a mill ; which amounts shall be levied and collected
annually, as aforesaid, for the purpose of erecting a suitable struct-
ure commemorative of the services, patriotism and valor of the
Soldiers and Sailors of the Union Army and Navy in the War of the
Rebellion, who enlisted from Cuyahoga County, and either were
killed, died of wounds or disease contracted in said service, or sub-
sequently died residents of said County, and to purchase a suitable
site therefor ; and the funds heretofore collected under said act

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 49

shall be applied, together with that raised under and pursuant to
this act, to the purpose aforesaid.

" Section 2. That, for the purpose of anticipating the collection
of said tax, the County Commissioners of said County be and are
hereby authorized and directed to issue bonds or notes, payable at
such times and in such amounts as will be, as near as practicable,
equal. to the annual or semi-annual collection of taxes levied for that
purpose, which bonds or notes shall bear interest at a rate not to
exceed six per cent, per annum, which bonds or notes may be de-
livered to the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument Commission of said
County, to be sold by them, or by the said County Commissioners,
for money, at not less than their par value, but none of said bonds
shall run more than five years from their date.

"Section 3. That as soon as said bonds or notes shall be con-
verted into money, as provided for in Section 2, in this act, the
same shall be placed at the disposal of said Soldiers' and Sailors'
Monument Commission, as is now provided for by the several acts
to which this act is supplementary and amendatory.

" Section 4. That said Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument Com-
mission be and they are hereby authorized to direct the Count}'
Commissioners of said County to supply the said Monument with
steam heat and lights from the County Court House.

" Section 5. This act shall take effect on its passage.

" Nial R. Hysell,

'' Speaker of the House of Representatives.
" Perry M. Adams,
" President pro tern, of the Senate.
"Passed April 2, 1891."

The enactment of the foregoing law rendered the
speedy completion of the Monument a certainty, pro-
vided the few recently developed intermeddlers and
interested parties would cease their senseless, unlawful
opposition. But, unfortunately for the taxpayers of the
county and for the Commission, such was not to be the
case.

VII.

WHILE in the height of the controversy, a few
ward politicians succeeded, through the not
uncommon accident of indifference and lack of interest
on the part of the majority of good citizens, in electing
to the Council a misguided opponent of the Monument
site already granted by statute and confirmed by a
former Council. This new member signalized his
advent by introducing at the first meeting of the new
Council, held on April 7, 1891, the following resolution:

"That the resolution passed by the Common Council of the City
of Cleveland, June 20, 18SS, giving consent to the Board of Monu-
ment Commissioners to erect a Monument on the southeast side of
the Public Square, be and the same is hereby rescinded."

The author of the resolution supported it by his
maiden speech, in the delivery of which he felt encour-
aged by the audible smiles on the countenances of all
the members. A few remarks were made by others,
touching the status of the whole matter and the
impropriety of the resolution. On a vote, there being
forty members of the Council, it was practically
unanimously rejected, the only member voting in its
favor being the introducer. Thus again was the voice
of the representatives of the citizens of Cleveland
emphatically pronounced in favor of the laws of the
State, and in approval of the work of the Commission.

Agreeable to the communication sent to the Park
Commissioners on Sept. 1st, 1890, "that ground would
be broken on the selected site in March, 1891," a load
of lumber was procured and conveyed to the southeast
section of the Public Square, said lumber being

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 51

intended for a fence, preparatory to proceeding with
the erection of the structure. This event took place on
April 10th, 1 89 1. Commissioners Scofield and Hayr
had charge of the lumber, and proceeded to unload it
on the ground where its use was intended. When they
commenced the work, for which they volunteered, they
were peremptorily ordered to discontinue by the park
policeman. On failure to stop, he informed them that
he had orders from the Park Commissioners to place
them under arrest. Our representatives continued their
work, whereupon the park policeman rang up the
patrol wagon, and Commissioners Hayr and Scofield
were given an unwilling ride to the Police Station.
Thus was the first gun in the municipal war of the
rebellion against the statutes of Ohio, supplemented by
the action of two City Councils, fired off by the Park
Commissioners. We quote this overt act from The
World of April 10th, 189 1 :

" The Soldiers' Monument Commission fight started
in real earnest Friday morning, but it looks as though
the Park Commissioners had made a bad bull of their
case at the outset.

" Late Thursday evening, an order was sent to Woods,
Jenks & Co., lumber dealers, by James Hayr, one of the
Commission, to send a load of palings and posts to Con-
tractor Slatmeyer's office on Bright street, Friday morn-
ing. At 9 A. M., the teamster drove up with his load
and was met by Commissioner Hayr. He ordered the
driver to proceed to the Public Square, where Architect
Levi T. Scofield joined the procession.

" Hayr and Scofield held a consultation and decided
that the best place to start building the fence which
will surround the new Monument would be at a point
south of Perry's Monument. Accordingly, Scofield
seized the horses by the bits and led them over the
sidewalk and upon the grass.

52 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

"Just at this point, Park Policeman Terry Boylan
appeared on the scene and said :

" ' Gentlemen, I am instructed to arrest anybody who
attempts to unload lumber in the Square.'

" Architect Scofield drew out his commission as a
member of the Monument Commission and read it from
top to bottom. Boylan still remonstrated, but Scofield
and Hayr mounted the wagon and began throwing off
logs. Boylan reached up and grasped Hayr by the arm,
but that individual jerked away from him and kept on
working. Boylan hesitated, and then going over to the
other end of the wagon he repeated the same act on
Scofield.

" The park policeman didn't know what to do, but in
a few minutes he disappeared. The load was getting
smaller all the time and Hayr descended to the ground.
Boylan again hove in view, and placing his hand upon
Hayr's shoulder, placed him under arrest.

" Scofield stopped work and the officer also grasped
him by the arm. All this time the latter was protest-
ing that he was a State Officer, and was engaged in
the performance of his duty, under the law.

" Hayr jerked away before the corner of Ontario Street
was reached and walked over to the point where the
teamster was standing. Just at this time there was a
clanging of bells and the police patrol drove up.

" Sergeant Denzer and Patrolman Walker demanded
the cause of the trouble. Boylan told them and Denzer
explained to Scofield and Hayr that he would be obliged
to take them to the Central Station.

" Scofield didn't relish the idea at all, and said that
he would rather walk down. Hayr didn't care, and
after a moment's hesitation, both stepped into the wagon
and were driven to the Central.

" At the Police Station, Architect Scofield braced up
to Lieut. Burns' desk and protested against his arrest.

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 53

" ' I want this officer taken in charge for assault
and battery upon Mr. Hayr and myself. In the per-
formance of our duty as State Officers he laid hands
upon us.'

" Boylan explained the case to the lieutenant, and the
latter refused to take any action until Police Prosecutor
Estep was consulted. The trio then ascended to the
top floor, where Estep was found in his office.

" ' I want a warrant for this policeman's arrest,' said
Scofield immediately.

" ' I arrested them on view,' said Boylan, ' and I want
my warrants first.'

" After the case was explained to Estep, he prepared
a warrant charging Boylan with assault and then start-
ed to look up the law in the case against the Monu-
mental Commissioners. The statutes provided against
the erection of poles, posts, fences, bill-boards and the
like, but nothing could be found in the law-books or
rules of the Park Commissioners which made it an of-
fense to dump lumber in the Public Square.

" Estep racked his brain for a charge that could be
placed against the two men, but to no avail. He then
informed the three men that he would do nothing in the
case until Friday afternoon. Mr. Scofield demanded
that the warrant be issued for Boylan, but Mr. Estep
refused the request.

" After this conversation, Boylan and Messrs. Scofield
and Hayr returned to the Lieutenant's office. Mr. Sco-
field made another demand for the park policeman's
arrest, but Lieut. Burns explained that it would be im-
possible to comply with it. Boylan then asked that his
prisoners be registered. Lieut. Burns asked for the
warrants and refused to take the responsibility of form-
ally arresting the men without those very necessary
papers.

" Prosecutor Estep was called down, and after a

54 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

lengthy discussion, the Prosecutor told the Lieutenant
to docket Scofield and Hayr the same as other prisoners
who are arrested on view. This was done. Mr. Scofield
gave his residence at 338 Erie Street, and Mr. Hayr at
376 Franklin Avenue.

u Lieutenant Burns accompanied Hayr to the Clerk's
office, where he was informed that he would be released
upon signing his own bond. This Mr. Hayr did and he
departed. When Mr. Scofield's turn arrived to be taken
to the Clerk's office, he refused to sign a bond.

"'If I am under arrest,' said he, 'I demand to be
locked up in the prison, because I will not sign a bail
bond.'

" Again was Prosecutor Estep called in and this time
he came out flatly against the arrest.

" ' It was an outrage,' said he, 'to arrest these men
and lug them down to the Central Station. If they have
no rights in the Public Square, the Park Commissioners
should have enjoined them. There is a State law
granting them the right to build the Monument in the
southeastern portion of the Public Square, and the City
Council has given them the necessary permission. The
latest park ordinance that I can find makes this arrest
illegal. You had better let them go, Lieutenant.'

" His advice was taken and the Monument Commis-
sioners left the Station.

" Mr. Scofield was determined that the work he had
started would be completed, and returning to the
Square, where the wagon, half unloaded, wras standing,
surrounded by a big crowd, Scofield ascended it, and in
a few minutes the lumber was lying in a pile on the
ground.

" In the meantime, Park Policeman Boylan had noti-
fied members Stone and Hill, of the Park Commission,
and they hustled down to the City Hall. It was decided
to stop the unloading of any more lumber, and telephone

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 57

messages were sent to the employes at Wade Park,
Lakeview Park, Pelton Park, Clinton Park and Miles
Park, instructing them to report post haste at the office
in the City Hall. Ten men quickly responded and un-
der the command of Policeman Boylan they were placed
at the disputed point in the Public Square with instruc-
tions to stop any more wagons from crossing into the
Park.

" Upon their arrival the teamster unhitched his horses
from the wagon and drove them away. The wagon
was then pushed out upon the pavement, and the work-
men loaded the lumber back upon it.

" Members Hill and Stone met with Solicitor Burns
and the situation was discussed. The Solicitor said he
thought the Courts would decide that the Monument
Commission had no right to occupy the southeast por-
tion of the Public Square, and the Commission con-
cluded that as it would be impossible to do anything in
Police Court, it would be best to commence injunction
proceedings.

" Solicitor Burns started immediately upon the prep-
aration of the papers, which will be filed in the Com-
mon Pleas Court before Friday night.

" Architect Scofield told a World reporter that this
was just what the Monument Commission desired and
he believed that a gross mistake had been made in
causing the arrest of Hayr and himself.

" In the meantime, the Park Commission will keep
guards on duty in the Public Square, to prevent any
further attempt to unload lumber."

The Park Commissioners, humiliated at the result of
their premature discharge, were too timid to proceed on
the line they so ingloriously commenced. No charges
were preferred against Commissioners Scofield and
Hayr. When the question was closely investigated, it
was found that they were engaged purely in their line

58 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

of duty, hence they were not locked behind prison bars,
but were told by the sensible police officials to go their
way in peace. The fact was brought to light at this
time that the Park Commissioners, who had frequently
expressed so much sympathy with the work of the Com-
mission, had guards posted around the Square and
Perry's statue for weeks, expecting a midnight attack
from the members of the Commission on the site given to
them in trust by the laws of Ohio for the occupancy of
the Monument. From the close of the Civil War up to
1888, the Soldiers of Cuyahoga County, among them
some of the members of the Commission, had volun-
tarily and gladly decorated the Commodore Perry statue
with beautiful flowers and wreaths every recurring Me-
morial Day. In the latter year the Park Commissioners
ordered that kindly remembrance to be stopped, giving
as a reason therefor " that the flowers and wreaths soiled
and streaked the statue ! " There was no danger of the
Park Commissioners ever ''soiling" the statue of Com-
modore Perry, for they were never known to place a
flower upon it, or in any other way decorate it. They
did, however, remove the statue from the center of the
Square, where the gallant Commodore defiantly faced
a foreign shore, with his stalwart right hand pointing
to Lake Erie, the scene of his grand victory over the
British. They gave the original and most suitable site
for his statue to the use and benefit of their friends, the
Street Railroad Corporations. When their predecessors
located him on the southeast section of the Public
Square, instead of in Lake View Park, where an appro-
priate site had been reserved for him, they negligently
and ignorantly faced him looking toward the Old Court
House, with his right hand pointing directly to a
tumble-down fish market. Remarkable, how these
amiable gentlemen, the Park Commissioners, did revere
the memory of Commodore Perrv !

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 59

The utter neglect of the Public Square for years was
the cause of frequent comment in all of the newspapers
of the city, as well as the subject of complaints by
citizens. On one section was a pond used as a recep-
tacle for decayed vegetables and a bathing place for
mangy curs ; on another, an auditorium, or sort of
Roman forum, " fearfully and wonderfully made," and
utilized principally as a lounging place ; on a third one
an ancient fountain that did not " play; " while on the
surrounding streets and gutters were stacked filthy,
foul-smelling manure heaps ; Superior Street, through
the Square, being allowed to be itsed as a scrap-iron
yard by the Street Railroad Companies.

The outcome of the indiscreet arrest of Commission-
ers Scofield and Hayr convinced the Park Commissioners
that the Monument Commissioners knew their rights
and were determined to maintain them. On April 13th,
1891, a meeting of the Commission was held to take
action on the ungentlemanly treatment, not to say gross
insult, of the Park Commissioners in ordering the arrest
of Commissioners Scofield and Hayr while in the dis-
charge of their duty. The following resolutions, by
Commissioner Dewstoe, were adopted :

" Whereas, Published statements have been made to the effect
that the Board of Park Commissioners have had extra guards and
pickets placed in the Public Square with a view of protecting the
statue of Commodore Perry from violence and the Square from
forcible occupancy by the Soldiers' Monument Commission ; there-
fore,

" Resolved, That this attempt to prejudice public sentiment is a
gratuitous insult, not only to the gentlemen of the Commission,
but to the thousands of ex-Soldiers they represent ;

" Resolved, That we extend to the Park Commissioners, and the
public generally, our assurance that all our actions in the future, as
in the past, will be open, moderate, and in accordance with the laws
and ordinances under which we were organized and are operating,
and that we denounce all attempts to influence the public mind and
to convey the impression that we propose violent or revolutionary
proceedings as false, unjust and malicious."

60 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

Commissioner Hayr remarked that he had not en-
gaged in any underhand work. He had told the Park
Commissioners that the lumber was to be taken on the
Park. " Men," said he, " who faced the enemy for four
years have too much manhood and too much respect
for the citizens of Cleveland to do any underhand busi-
ness ; " that if he could not go into the Square in the
broad daylight, he did not desire to go at all.

" The way Gen. Elwell dressed down the Park Com-
missioners was soul-thrilling. He said the saintly Park
Commissioners never did anything except to tear up the
turf, build houses for the sparrows, erect a dilapidated
cow shed for public meetings and permit the Square to
be used as a scrap-iron yard, while Commodore Perry
could point forever without ever being dusted or having
his face washed or his many injuries attended to. He
denounced the Park Commissioners for spreading
abroad the report that the Soldiers' Monument would
be of such dimensions as to obscure the canopy of
heaven.

" Gen. Elwell opened the meeting by stating that the
object of the gathering was to take action upon the
course of the Park Commissioners in putting a picket
guard about the Square.

" ' I was surprised to learn that we have been placed
under surveillance for the past two weeks by having
the Square picketed and having sentinels pacing back
and forth before the Monument as though we intended
to despoil the old Commodore like thieves in the dark,'
said he. ' It is an insult to treat us like burglars. It
was bad enough to take Capt. Scofield to the Central
Station in a patrol wagon, but that is nothing to being
dogged and watched. What have these Commissioners
done for the old Soldier? Nothing. They are capital
at building sparrow houses in the Square, at tearing up
the turf and making gravel beds out of it, at cutting

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 6i

down the finest buckeye trees in the Square, but what
have they done for the old warrior ? They have not
even washed or cleaned his face. He is going to decay,
but they do not care. I am pleased to announce that
several prominent attorneys have volunteered their
services. Mr. Prentiss, wdio is well versed in municipal
law, was one of the first to volunteer and is here to-day.
Ex-Solicitor Brinsmade wrote me a letter telling us
not to hesitate to call upon him. He suggests that
the Commission have all the County Grand Army
Posts adopt resolutions indorsing us. I see an after-
noon paper has the audacity to challenge this pro-
ceeding, as though the old Soldiers would not stand
by us.'

" Gen. Elwell spoke with considerable warmth and
said that the course of the Park Commissioners was un-
warranted and insolent.'"

Commissioner Elwell, Comrade A. T. Brinsmade, and
Loren Prentiss, Esq., were delegated to confer with
City Solicitor Burns, to arrange for a speedy settlement
of the case. The position of the contractor who made
the lowest bid for the work was considered. He had
refused other contracts, and he said that if the Monu-
ment was not begun at once he would suffer serious
loss. Under the circumstances, however, the Commis-
sion could not see their way clear to proceed with the
work.

After the meeting a conference was held with City
Solicitor Burns. He agreed to prepare the application
of the Park Commissioners for an injunction without
delay.

He filed the petition in the Court of Common Pleas
on April 15th, 1891.

The papers read :

62 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

" The City of Cleveland, plaintiff, vs. William J. Gleason, Levi F.
Bauder, J. B. Molyneaux, Edward H. Bohni, Levi T. Scofield, Emory
W. Force, James Barnett, J. J. Elwell, Charles C. Dewstoe, James
Hayr, R. W. Walters and M. D. Leggett, defendants.

" In the Court of Common Pleas, Cuyahoga County, O. Petition.

" Plaintiff, the City of Cleveland, is a Municipal Corporation or-
ganized under the laws of Ohio, and as such is a city of the second
grade and of the first class, and is situated within this county.
Within the limits of said city is situated a certain tract of land of
about ten acres in area, square in form and divided into four nearly
equal squares, by two certain public streets of said city, to wit :
Superior Street and Ontario Street, passing through the same from
east to west and from north to south respectively and intersecting
near the center of said tract of land, which said land is known as the
Central Park and Public Square of said city. At a remote date, to
wit, about the year 1796, the said land was duly dedicated to public
use by the then owners thereof, to wit, The Connecticut Land Com-
pany, to be used and enjoyed by the residents of the vicinity and
the public as public ground, as a public park, and the same has ever
since so remained and been so used and enjoyed. And ever since
the organization of said Municipal Corporation, to wit, in the year
1796, the said land has been under the charge and control of said
Corporation, and still is preserved and maintained by it, as a public
park, with public walks or highways for foot passengers, for the use
of its citizens and the public. Said city has during said time ex-
pended large sums of money in so preserving and maintaining the
said land as such park, and the improvement and embellishment of
the same. And besides other improvements, two certain public
walks of said kind and for said purpose have been laid out and im-
proved by said city diagonally across the southeast section of said
Public Square so cut off and separated by said public streets ; the
said walks extending from the four corners of said section diagonal-
ly across the same and forming public highways for foot passengers
passing to and fro in said city, and the same are in constant use for
said purpose by the citizens of said city and the public generally,
and the same have been so kept and maintained by the said city, and
have been so used and enjoyed by said citizens and the public for a
long period of time, to wit, about 100 years. And, by and under
the direction and control of said city there has been placed upon
said section of said Square, near the center thereof, a large stone
statuary monument, known as the statue of Commodore O. H. Perry,
which said monument still stands at said place and is a part of said
Park, and is of great use and value as such to said city, its citizens
and the public. The following persons, A. H. Stone, H. E. Hill, and
H. M. Claflen, are the duly appointed, qualified and acting Park

SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS' MONUMENT. 63

Commissioners of said city, and as such are in charge of the said
Public Square and Park, as well as the other Parks of said city. The
defendants have organized themselves together as a commission or
body for the purpose of erecting within said city a large Monument
in memory of the Soldiers and Sailors of Cuyahoga County engaged
in the late War, and claim to have been duly appointed for said pur-
pose by the Governor of this State and under its laws. The defend-
ants as such Commission have selected as a site on which to erect
such Monument said southeast section of said Public Square and
without the consent and against the objection and protest of said
Park Commissioners and without any warrant or authority of law-
whatever threaten to, and unless restrained therefrom, will appro-
priate a large portion of said section of said Public Square for said
purpose and will take down and remove from said place said Monu-
ment of Commodore Perry and will build up and occupy for said
purpose a portion of said section of said Square about ninety-five
feet square to a height of about five feet above its present level and
above part of the surrounding ground, and about ten feet above the
level of the remainder thereof, and will erect thereon a large stone
building forty-six feet square and about thirty feet in height and
will build upon and above the said building a tall stone shaft about
100 feet high, said entire construction to be and remain a permanent
Monument and occupy said ground as such, and said defendants
will immediately inclose the said section of said Square with a high
board fence and exclude the citizens of said city and the public from
the use of the same as such Park, and from the use of the said
walks as highways for the travel of foot passengers during the
entire time of erecting said Monument, to wit, about one year.
Said Monument, if erected in said place, will completely and
permanently obstruct said public walks across said section of
said Public Square to the great inconvenience of the citizens of
said city and the public, and will practically destroy said entire
section of said Square for any other use than such site for such
Monument, and as well, will materially injure the remainder of said
Public Square and Park for Park purposes, and the said structure
will materially obstruct the view in all directions about the same.
Plaintiff says, that if the said things or any of the same are per-
mitted to be done, it will result in irreparable injury to plaintiff, its
citizens, and the public. Wherefore, plaintiff prays that pending
final hearing hereof, each of said defendants be restrained from
fencing in, or inclosing any part of said section of the Public
Square, from in any manner interfering with said Perry Monument,
and from doing anything in the way of erecting said Monument
upon said section of said Square, and from interfering in any way
with said portion of said Park, and that upon final hearing the said

64 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

defendants may each be perpetually enjoined in said particulars,
and for such other and further relief as plaintiff may be entitled to.

" Burns & Reynolds,
" Gilbert & Hills,

" Plaintiff's Attorneys.

" State of Ohio, Cuyahoga County, ss. — A. M. Burns, being duly
sworn, on his oath says that the plaintiff is a Municipal Corporation
of the State of Ohio ; that he is its duly appointed, qualified and
acting Solicitor, and that the matters and facts set forth in the fore-
going petition are true. " A. M. Burns.

" The City of Cleveland, plaintiff, vs. William J. Gleason, Levi F.
Bauder, J. B. Molyneaux, Edward H. Bohm, Levi T. Scofield, Emory
W. Force, James Barnett, J. J. Elwell, Charles C. Dewstoe, James
Hayr, R. W. Walters and M. D. Leggett, defendants.

" In the Court of Common Pleas, Cuyahoga County, O. Precipe."

The action of the Park Commissioners illustrated
their frequently expressed friendship for the Monument.
The law then invoked proved. an expensive experiment
to the people of the city and county, for at the end the
people had to pay all taxable costs of court and the
largely increased cost in. the construction of the Monu-
ment. The final outcome thus far and ultimately be-
ing the judicial defeat alike of the several meddlesome
persons and a few interested and honorable property
owners on the ancient Public Square, who conceived an
imaginary detriment to their inheritance, and therefore
honestly opposed the selected site. The final result in
all the unhappy and retarding litigation was alike grati-
fying to the Commission, to the old Soldiers and Sailors
of the County, and to the patriotic £ax-paying citizens
who nobly stood by them, the Monument, and its
chosen site.

VIII.

ON the day the first suit was entered, the Plain
Dealer said :

" The Soldiers' Commission charge the Park Com-
mission with adopting the most aggravating course,
with treating them as criminals and as suspicious people
in general. The Commission claims to be acting under
the authority of the State of Ohio and Council of Cleve-
land, and bases its right to locate in the Public Square
upon the hypothesis that the Square is not a Park but
is, in fact, a Public Square, an enlargement of the street
area of the city. The Commission laughs at the idea of
the land reverting to the original grantors. What stirred
the blood of the Soldiers was the action of the Park
Commissioners in ordering a police guard for the
marble Commodore. The Soldiers indignantly resent
the imputation that they have violent designs upon
the Commodore.

" ' We are honorable men,' said Major W. J. Gleason,
hotly, yesterday. ' We do not do things in the dark.
When we make a move it will be in the broad daylight.
We are neither criminals nor suspicious characters.'

" There is no help for it now. The case will have to
go into Court. The Park Commissioners might gain
some sympathy in their stand were they opposed to the
Public Square. But they are not. They are merely
opposed to locating the Monument in that particular
section. The other three sections are open for choice.
The Soldiers' Commission charge that the Park Com-
missioners individually have distorted and misrepre-
sented things, especially the size of the Monument."

68 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

Judge Samuel E. Williamson joined with the Park
Commissioners, on the claim that the property he in-
herited, at the corner of Euclid Avenue and the Public
Square, would be depreciated by the erection of the
Monument on the contemplated site. His attorneys
were Judge W. W. Boynton, Director and Attorney of
the East Cleveland Street Railway Corporation, and
Messrs. Estep, Dickey, Carr & Goff.

The filing of the petition on April 15th, 1891, was de-
scribed in manner following by the Plain Dealer :

" Bright and early Tuesday morning, City Solicitor
Burns, with Attorneys Reynolds, Gilbert and Hills,
appeared before Judge Stoue of the Court of Common
Pleas with the petition to enjoin the Soldiers' Monu-
ment Commission from fooling with the southeast
corner of the Public Square. As soon as the City Solic-
itor could get the attention of the Court he read him
the essential part of the petition and asked that a tem-
porary restraining order be granted.

" The Soldiers' Monument Commission was represent-
ed by Col. Allen T. Brinsmade, Mr. Loren Prentiss, Gen.
J. J. Elwell and Gen. M. D. Leggett. Col. Brinsmade in-
timated that a restraining order would be unnecessary,
the gentlemen of the Monument Commission would
not take any steps in the matter while it was in Court.

" Attorney Gilbert said that at a meeting between
the City Solicitor and counsel for the Monument Com-
mission it was agreed that in consideration of the
speedy filing of a petition and hearing of the issues, a
temporary restraining order would be acceded to.

" Attorney Prentiss replied that he had not so under-
stood it. The Monument Commission had in no way
solicited the filing of the petition ; it had desired a
speedy hearing since one was to be filed. No restrain-
ing order ought to be necessary with gentlemen of such
reputation as the Monument Commission.

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 69

" Mr. Gilbert said that if the agreement was not to
be adhered to, the petition would not be filed.

" Mr. Prentiss again began to explain, when Jndge
Stone cut him short by saying that if no petition was
to be filed, there was nothing before the Court.

" Attorney Gilbert explained to a Plain Dealer re-
porter that if there was to be no restraining order, the
issnes involved would be better presented in a petition
filed by property owners than by the City and that it
would be unfair to Judge Williamson and other counsel
to depart from the arrangement.

" Mr. Prentiss said that he had recognized no ar-
rangement that there should be a temporary restrain-
ing order. ' You suggested it,' he said to City Solicit-
or Burns, ' and I rather discouraged it.'

" ' I did not hear you,' said Major Burns, ' and I sup-
posed you assented to it.'

" Gen. Elwell said : ' This is like your action all
along ; like your picketing the Square. You are afraid
we will do something.'

" ' I'll tell you what I'll do,' said Major Burns. ' Pre-
pare a stipulation in writing that you will let the Square
alone and it will be all right.'

"The stipulation was prepared and filed with the pe-
tition. It was as follows :

" The Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument Commission
of Cuyahoga County hereby agree to and with the at-
torneys for the City of Cleveland that pending the pre-
liminary hearing in the Court of Common Pleas of a
case to be this day filed in the Court of Common Pleas,
in which the City of Cleveland is plaintiff and Levi T.
Scofield and other members of said Commission are
defendants, and in which an injunction will be prayed
for, that no steps will be taken for the erection of a
Monument upon the Square of said City, nor for the
removal of the Perry statue, nor shall any material

7<D HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

be placed upon said Square for such purpose by said
Commission, nor by anyone acting under or for them.
This condition and agreement is based upon the fact
that such petition is this day filed.

" L. Prentiss,
" Allen T. Brinsmade,
" M. D. Leggett,
"J. J. Elwell,
" Attorneys for said Commission."

Pending the hearing of the suit, the Monument Com-
mission strictly carried out the agreement made by its
attorneys, and matters remained in statu quo.

The preliminary trial was heard by Judge Carlos M.
Stone, on May nth, 1891, in the Cuyahoga Court of
Common Pleas. The argument for the Commission,
made by Comrade A. T. Brinsmade, so clearly and ably
sets forth all of the salient points in the case that we take
much pleasure in reproducing a synopsis of it, copied
from the Cleveland World of May 15th :

" For many years, the Soldiers of Cuyahoga County
have contemplated the erection of a Monument in com-
memoration of the Soldiers of the Union Army who
enlisted or were appointed from this county.

" This is only in keeping with what a grateful people
of countries the world over, and for ages of time, have
done in commemoration of their Soldiers and their
heroes of memorable wars.

" No wars have been more memorable than the War
of the Rebellion, and no Soldiers are more entitled to
recognition by a grateful people than those of this
country, who fought for the preservation of the Union.

" Rather than raise the money by subscription from
the citizens of the county, who would readily have
■contributed to such a purpose, it was deemed proper
and more equitable that all should contribute, and that
a trifling assessment should be imposed for a series of

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 71

years upon all property owners of the county for this
laudable purpose ; the assessment running for several
years, so that it would not be burdensome.

"The members of the Legislature from this county
coincided with the views of the Commission of Soldiers,
and accordingly laws have been passed, and money
raised by assessment upon the people of the entire
county for this purpose.

" The assessment so made was cheerfully acquiesced
in by the people of the county, and a sufficient amount
of money has been raised to warrant the commence-
ment of the structure proposed and its speedy comple-
tion.

" In point of fact, very much of the work has been
done and is stored in suitable places, and it is confi-
dently hoped that unless checked or frustrated by
delays in the Court, that this splendid Monument can
be completed and dedicated during the Fall of the pres-
ent year.

" When it was substantially determined that a Monu-
ment should be erected, the Monument Commissioners
took counsel of the Soldiers of the county, who were
the most immediately interested in its erection, and
after full and free discussion, the Soldiers of the city
and county were practically unanimous that the Monu-
ment should be erected in the southeast section of the
Square.

"The Monument Commission (these defendants)
were unanimous in their opinion, possibly with one
exception, that all things being considered, such loca-
tion was the very best, and so they decided.

" They desired, however, before proceeding with the
plans for the Monument and its surroundings, that
everything should be done lawfully and properly, with-
out haste, with all care and precaution, and with a due
regard as to the responsibilities placed upon them.

72 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

Further, that all possible authority should be obtained ;
therefore it was that in April, 1888, the Legislature of
the State passed an act, authorizing the appointment
by the Governor of twelve persons, who should consti-
tute the Monument Commission.

" Under the authority of such act, the Governor
appointed the following named gentlemen as such
Commission, and these gentlemen, thus far, have faith-
fully and zealously performed all the work assigned to
them : William J. Gleason, Levi F. Bauder, J. B. Moly-
neaux, Edward H. Bohm, Levi T. Scofield, Emory W.
Force, James Barnett, J. J. Elwell, Charles C. Dewstoe,
James Hayr, R. W. Walters, M. D. Leggett.

" The plans for the Monument, and all details and
specifications for it, have been by them patiently and
carefully examined, and the work of Levi T. Scofield,
architect — a man not of local only, but of national rep-
utation— was the designer of the Monument and the
artistic features of it, receiving, of course, suggestions
from various members of the Commission in regard to
it ; the result of which will be, that if this Monument
is erected in its proposed location, it will be one of the
most beautiful and artistic monuments to be found in
the world.

"There has been some misapprehension on the part
of the people, and, no doubt, of these plaintiffs in these
cases, as to the character of this proposed structure,
and of its character and detail I will mention hereafter.

"Section 3 of the act to which I have referred is as
follows :

" Said Board of Monument Commissioners, when duly organ-
ized, shall have full power to select a place for the proposed Monu-
ment, and shall have the exclusive control of the building of said
Monument, and the plan for the same, and are empowered to have
designs and models prepared, and are hereby authorized, if they so
determine, to locate the site of such Monument on the southeast
side of the ' Public Square ' so called, at the junction of Superior

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 73

and Ontario Streets, in the City of Cleveland ; and in case they so
determine, the Park Commissioners of said City are hereby author-
ized and required, on demand in writing by said Commissioners, at
the expense of said City, to remove the monument of Commodore
Perry, now in said southeast corner of said Square, to some other
square or public park in said city, and all other obstructions there-
in ; but if the said Board of Monument Commissioners do not de-
termine to locate the site for said Monument in said southeast
square of said Public Square, they are authorized to purchase or
procure any other site for the same within said county.

" The Commission deemed the act of the General
Assembly sufficient to give them full power in the prem-
ises as to the selection of the site for the Monument,
yet desirous of proceeding in full harmony and accord
with the Legislative department of this City government,
the City Council^was respectfully requested to take such
action in the premises as it might deem proper, and
accordingly this preamble and resolution was adopted
by that body June 29, 1888 :

"Whereas, The Monument Commission of Cuyahoga County,
authorized by the General Assembly of the State to have full charge
of the erection of a Monument commemorative of the Soldiers and
Sailors of Cuyahoga County, have selected, in accordance with the
provisions of law, the southeast section of the Public Square as a
suitable site for such Monument; therefore be it

"Resolved, That the consent of the Common Council of the City
of Cleveland be and it is hereby granted to such Commission to
erect such Monument on the site so selected.

" Having thus obtained the necessary permission
from every possible authority, from that time to the
present all plans and specifications for the Monument
have been made with reference to its location in the
section of the Square thus selected.

" Right here it must be remembered that the Park
Commissioners, at whose instance the suit by the City
was brought against these defendants, made no objec-
tion to the occupation of the other sections of the
Square, for in their communication to the Chairman of
the Commission they say that while they find some

74 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

objection to the site selected, and while such objections
may not be insuperable, such objections apply only to
the quarter of the Square selected by the Soldiers' Com-
mission ; should either of the other quarters be deter-
mined upon, the Commissioners would not hesitate in
giving a ready consent.

" Why this objection to the southeast section of the
Square on the part of the Park Commissioners ?

" The answer is known to many, that it was a cher-
ished idea, or the plan of at least one of the Commis-
sioners, that Euclid Avenue should be extended through
this section, and a portion of the southwest section of
the Square, until it intersected Superior Street. In
such case, the East Cleveland Street Railroad Company
could run its cars diagonally through the Park, and
thereby save two curves.

" By the directions of the Park Commissioners, this
suit was brought by the City Solicitor to enjoin the
Commission from the occupancy of the southeast sec-
tion of the Square.

" This seems to be rather an irregular way of pro-
cedure, as I will show :

" First. We have authority from the Legislature to
place the Monument there, and of the power of the
Legislature in this regard I shall refer hereafter.

" Second. The authority of the Legislative Munici-
pal body. Hence it is that I claim that the City has
not, nor should it have any standing in Court in this
case irrespective of other legal, valid and substantial
reasons.

" Judge Sherwood, in the case of Barris vs. The Cleve-
land City Cable Railway Company, decided September
1 6, 1890, referring to Section 2640 of the Revised Stat-
utes, wherein it provides that the Council shall have
the care and supervision of public highways and pub-
lic grounds, says : ' If the park is to be classed as pub-

soldiers' and sailors' monument. JJ

lie grounds, then there is jurisdiction and control in the
Council.'

"Further, he says: 'The City Council has the
authority under the statute to determine what improve-
ments shall be made there.'

" And in this connection, I refer the Court to Section
1692 of the Revised Statutes, paragraph 32 ; also to
Section 2640.

" And yet in the petition of the City in this case, it is
said that the Commission ' without any warrant or
authority of law whatever, threaten to, and, unless re-
strained therefrom, will appropriate a large portion of
said section ' for the Monument.

"Again, under Sections 1774 and 1777, I claim that
the City Solicitor had no right or authority to bring
this suit without the authority of a resolution or ordi-
nance of the City Council.

" There is no allegation in the petition that the City
has abused its corporate powers in granting to the Com-
mission the right to place the Monument in the Square.

" Furthermore, I claim that when the City Council
granted such authority to the Monument Commission,
that such grant was a contract by and between the City
and the Commission, and that the City is thereby
estopped from interfering in any manner whatsoever
with such contract, unless such contract is being evaded
or violated, and certainly that cannot be claimed, for
the Commission are endeavoring to live up to it faith-
fully.

" Waiving, however, for the present, the question of
the right of the City to bring this case, it is an estab-
lished rule of law that when the rights of the complain-
ants are doubtful, an injunction will not be allowed ;
and I submit that neither for the City nor the complain-
ants in the other case is there legal or tenable grounds
upon which either can stand for a moment and ask

78 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

that an injunction be granted restraining these Com-
missioners from progressing with their work.

" The placing of the Monument upon the Public
Square is a legitimate use of the Square, and so far as
the complaints in either of the cases are concerned, it
is not a taking of private property for public use within
the constitutional provision, and I refer your Honor to
27th N. Y., pages 203, 213 and 214; 31st N. Y., pages
183 and 193 ; 36th Pa., 104.

" There can be no doubt of this proposition that the
use is perfectly legitimate ; however, should such use
be doubtful, and no irreparable injury is inflicted by the
construction of a Monument, then this is not a proper
case for an injunction, and I apprehend that it would
be rather an arduous task for my friends to obtain affi-
davits of reputable persons who would claim that the
erection of the Monument on the section of the Square
proposed would damage their property one iota.

" On the contrary, nine-tenths of the people of the
city would say that it would be a great benefit to the
property of these plaintiffs to have a Monument erected
in the proposed section.

" The Court, perhaps, is familiar with the location of
the Probasco Fountain in the City of Cincinnati. The
fountain and esplanade or plaza were erected on a for-
mer market space. The buildings surrounding such
market space were of an inferior character. Since the
placing of the fountain in that locality, magnificent
buildings have been built all around it. It is a popular
attraction and ornament to the place, and the business
in that locality has increased tenfold.

" There is a misapprehension on the part of many as
to the nature and extent of the dedication of the Pub-
lic Square, and a brief history of it will not be out of
place at this time.

u The Connecticut Land Company were the original

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 79

owners of the land which is now embraced within the
City of Cleveland, and this company, in 1796, caused a
survey and town plat to be made of what was then des-
ignated as the City of Cleveland, the name Cleveland
being given it from the name of Gen. Moses Cleaveland,
whose statue now stands in the southwest section of
the Square.

" The original surveying was done under the direc-
tion of August Porter, assisted by Seth Pease and Amos
SpafFord as principal surveyors.

" By the provisions of an act of the Territorial Legis-
lature that town plats should be recorded, the minutes
of the survey of 1796 were retaken by Amos SpafFord,
and so we find a record with the Pease notes and rec-
ords, describing certain streets, as follows :

" Superior Street, beginning at the west end where it connects
with Water Street, 20 chains to the Square ; thence keeping the
same course across the Square to a corner post on the other side of
the Square.

" Ontario Street east side, from Huron Street to the Square, is
14 chains; from the Square to Lake Street is 16 chains; from
Maiden Lane to the Square is 6 chains 70 links ; from the Square to
Lake Street is 16 chains.

" The Square is not described in the Pease minutes
other than in the description of Superior and Ontario
Streets. However, in Spafford's minutes, the Square is
described :

" The Square is laid out at the intersection of Superior Street
and Ontario Street, and contains ten acres. The center of the junc-
tion of the two roads is the exact center of the Square.

" This is all there is to the so-called dedication. Yet
it was a good dedication for a Square, from the fact of
the surveys, the laying out of lots bounding on the
Square, their adoption by the Connecticut Land Com-
pany, the subsequent sale of such lots by the company,
and its use by the public.

" Though there was no municipality at the time of

8o HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

such dedication, yet it is well settled that in cases ot
dedication the law does not require any specific guaran-
tee in esse at the time, to whom the fee could be
granted, or in whom the title could vest.

"If there was none capable of taking at the time of
such dedication, the fee would remain in abeyance
until there was a grantee capable of taking, as was de-
cided in Sixth Peters.

" It will be seen, therefore, that there was no qualifi-
cation in the dedication of the so-called Square, and I
claim that when land is dedicated as a public square
without other qualifications, and such dedication ac-
cepted, the particular use to which it is directed is with
the municipality.

" In Dillon's work on Municipal incorporations, para-
graph 645, the learned author says :

" Where the words 'public square ' are used on a plat, this is au
unrestricted dedication to public use, and the use varies according
to circumstances, to be judged of and directed by the proper local
authorities or corporate guardian, subject to the control of the laws
and the courts.

' Therefore, where there is an unrestricted dedica-
tion, as in the case at bar, the use to which the Square
may be put is necessarily left to the sound discretion of
the Legislative Municipal body, and no wanton acts by
that body can be presumed.

" It is a well settled principle of equity jurisprudence
that a Court of Equity will not sit in review of proceed-
ings of Municipal tribunals where matters are left to
the discretion of such bodies. The exercise of such
discretion in good faith is conclusive, and will not be
disturbed in the absence of fraud or flagrant abuse of
such discretion. And it is also well settled that when
a private party seeks to restrain the action of such
tribunals, he must show some special and peculiar
injury sustained by himself independent of and distinct

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 8i

from the common and general injury shared by the
public alike, in default of which equity will not in-
terfere.

" I come now to the discussion of the question as to
whether the erection of this work of art in the Public
Square comes within the appropriate use and object to
which the Square was dedicated.

" It must be remembered, in this connection, that for
years there stood upon the southwest section of the
Square the County Court House, occupying a larger
tract of ground than that proposed for the Monument,
and I claim such was an appropriate and legitimate
one, and in this assumption I am squarely borne out by
the decision of the Supreme Court of Ohio, in the case
of Langley vs. Trustees of the Town of Gallipolis, Sec-
ond Ohio State, from which I quote :

" Many decisions may be found in the courts of the several States
with reference to the use and occupancy of squares and parks,
especially parks, but as this Court has heretofore held, ' parks are
much more limited in the use and purpose to which they may be
devoted than squares.'

" We need go no further than the Supreme Court of
our own State for authority upon this subject, for
the Court says in the case I have just cited : k But
the use or beneficial purpose of a public square or
common in a city or village, where no special limi-
tation or use is prescribed by the dedication, is such
that it may be improved and ornamented for recrea-
tion and health, or for the public buildings, or as a
place for the transaction of public business of the peo-
ple of the city or village, or both for the purposes of
pleasure and business, at the discretion of the Munic-
ipal authorities.'

" Some of the definitions, as given by the courts, of
squares and parks, are: 'A public square is not de-
signed for a highway or a thoroughfare for all sorts of

82 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

conveyances, but is intended as an ornament of a town
— a place of recreation and amusement.'

" Again, ' a park is, in a strict sense, a piece of ground
enclosed for the purposes of pleasure, exercise, amuse-
ment or ornament.'

" ' A park is an enclosed space in a city or village set
apart for ornament.' ' The square was intended for
beauty and adornment, and for the health and recrea-
tion of the public'

" ' The word ' square ' as a term of dedication indi-
cated a public use, either for purposes of free passage
or to be ornamented for grounds of pleasure, amuse-
ment or recreation.'

" I ask the Court, then, is the use of this Square for
the Monument inconsistent with its use under the defi-
nitions here given ?

" And as to the intention of the Municipal authorities
in this matter way back in the sixties, it may be
remarked in passing, that by an ordinance they gave
the name of Monumental Square to this ten acres of
ground situated in the heart of the city.

"The Supreme Court in the case of Baker vs. John-
son, Twenty-first Michigan, 342, says: 'Where land has
simply been designated as a public square, it did not
necessarily mean more than that it was for public uses,
without showing what uses were intended. The space
may have been destined for commons, or schools, or
county buildings, or burial places, or any other use
which could be legitimately regarded as public, and
nothing but extrinsic evidence or subsequent agreement
could remove the ambiguity.'

"Further along in the same case the Court says:
'The plat shows that it was to be kept as a block, sep-
arate from the adjacent streets and bounded by their
exterior lines. It was meant for some other passage
than a passageway.

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 83

"In the case at bar, here was a block or square with
lots laid out abutting upon it, separated from the adja-
cent streets, and hence it is, under the last decision re-
ferred to, that these sections were meant for some other
purpose than a mere use for cross-walks.

" And no one will dispute the authority of the City to
close all of these cross-walks, and to devote the space
occupied by them for any other legitimate purpose for
which a square or park is intended.

" However, the walks in that section will not be de-
stroyed, nor will it practically destroy that section of the
Square for any other use, as is alleged in the petition
of the City, for it is the design, and so the plans show,
and so we affirm the fact to be, that there are still to be
diagonal walks, and only a few more steps will be nec-
essary for one who desires to cross the Square diagonally
in that direction.

" On account of the fountain in the northwest section
of the Square, a few more steps are required of the pe-
destrian, but no one has ever wished to displace the
fountain on that account.

" Is there any great irreparable injury inflicted
upon the public by such a trifling matter? Certainly
not.

" Now the City claims in its petition that these cross-
walks in the southeast section, by reason of the erection
of the Monument there, will be destroyed, and that the
view from Euclid Avenue will be obstructed, and that
great and irreparable injury is occasioned thereby, and
this, as I will show you from their petition, is substan-
tially the only grounds upon which they base their
claims for an injunction. Obstruct the view of the Park ?
A single glance, your Honor, at the style of the Monu-
ment as it appears on the plans before you sufficiently
refutes such an allegation. Yet, the Corporation Coun-
sel says in argument, that the City has full authority to

84 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

place upon that or either section of the Square — public
buildings.

"So we find, therefore, that this Soldiers' Commission
have no right to occupy this section of the Square
with a beautiful public Monument, a public recognition
of the ' boys in blue,' because, forsooth, it interferes
with a cross-walk and obstructs the view from Euclid
Avenue ; yet the City can place an immense building
there, which would certainly destroy all the cross-walks
and materially obstruct the view of the Park, with
irreparable injury to no one. Such, you know, is the
position of the City.

" There is some, but very little opposition to the mov-
ing of the statue of Commodore Perry, which now stands
in the southeast section of the Square, but this opposi-
tion arises from the simple fact of its having been
already once moved. My idea is that one more removal
would be about the correct thing, and that removal
should be to Lake View Park, say at the foot of Ontario
Street. Then, instead of pointing back to a fish market
as he now is, he would stand on the bank of the lake
facing toward the city, and would be pointing to the
beautiful lake where he won his great victory.

" However, the removal of the statue has very little
to do with this case, and I only mention it for the rea-
son that the City says in its petition ' that there has
been placed upon said section of said Square, near the
center thereof, a large stone statuary monument known
as the statue of Commodore O. H. Perry, and that such
monument is of great use and value to said City, its
citizens and the public'

" And yet the City says in its petition that if this
magnificent Monument, costing over $200,000, is erected
in that section, that ' it will result in irreparable injury
to the citizens and the people.'

"Consistency, thou art a jewel.

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 87

" I claim that the use of this section of the Square for
the Monument is perfectly consistent with the use for
which it was intended.

''We find in the public squares, public commons and
parks the world over, monuments are erected. We find
monuments in Union and Madison Squares in New
York,t Soldiers' Monument in the Public Commons of
Boston. In Philadelphia, Gen. Reynolds' Monument in
front of the Public Building. In Baltimore, Washing-
ton Monument, Battle Monument, and other large
monuments in the most important parts of the public
streets and squares in the heart of the city. In Wash-
ington, at all the principal parks and streets, here and
there you will find beautiful monuments, notably, the
statue of Gen. Thomas, right in the center where five
or six streets radiate. In Richmond, the Washington
Monument, a very stately one immediately in front of
the State House. Buffalo Soldiers' Monument occupies
the most prominent place in the heart of the city. In
Detroit, Soldiers' Monument directly in front of the
City Hall.

" In Trafalgar Square, London, which is spoken of as
one of the finest open places in London, and a great
center of attraction, you find a monument dedicated to
Lord Nelson, commemorating his glorious death at the
battle of Trafalgar in 1805. This is a massive granite
column 145 feet in height ; is crowned with the statue
of Nelson, 17 feet in height, with four colossal bronze
lions, modeled by Sir Edwin Landseer, couched upon
pedestals running out from the column in the form of a
cross.

" This monument cost over $200,000, yet I venture
the assertion that our proposed Monument will be more
beautiful and more grand than that. In this same
square you will find two fountains, a statue of Sir Henry
Havelock, the deliverer of Lucknow — a statue of Sir

b8 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

Charles James Napier, the conqueror of Scinde. Also
in another corner of the square is an equestrian statue
of George IV., in bronze.

" All of the other squares in the heart of this great
City of London are filled with monuments.

" In Edinburg, in one of the principal streets, is the
magnificent, lofty monument of Sir Walter Scott, 200
feet high. In Paris, in Place de la Bastile, is the column
of July, 154 feet high ; Column Vendome, 135 feet high.
Port St. Dennis, Port St. Marten, all the principal
places in the heart of the City of Paris are filled with
magnificent monuments, fountains and triumphal
arches, and so likewise in all the principal cities of
France. In Brussels, the National Monument of God-
frey de Bouillon. In Berlin, the monument of Fred-
erick the Great is in the principal street. Unter den
Linden and other public monuments and arches are in
the principal thoroughfares.

" Vienna and Stuttgart have numerous monuments
and fountains and lofty columns in the central places in
the citv. And so the Arne fountain at Nuremberg-,
Christopher Columbus' Monument at Genoa, Gutenberg
Monument at Frankfort, King Ludwig's Monument at
Munich, Napoleon I. at Rouen, the Column of Victoria
at Naples. In all prominent cities in the public squares,
and commons, and streets, these monuments are placed,
and so in our own country. Indianapolis, Painesville,
Geneva and numerous other places — in fact, nearly all
the prominent monuments of the large cities of the
world are placed in central locations, where the public
and strangers from without the city can see them at all
times.

" And yet the Williamsons, plaintiffs in one of these
cases, say that this magnificent work of art — this Mon-
ument in the Square — would spoil the view from Euclid
Avenue. As my friend, Capt. Scofield, very aptly re-

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 89

marks, ' It would be a tough looking monument that
would spoil any view in the business part of Cleveland.'

" The Commission are eleven to one in favor of such
site ; that one, I suppose, is like the obstinate juror who
characterized the other jurors as ' eleven fools.'

" It is not a private building or a private scheme, but
a Monument with a Memorial Room, to be erected with
the public funds — to be erected from the entire public
— to be forever free to the public, and under the
law, to be forever controlled by the Municipal author-
ities of this city. Yet it is said we are to erect a private
building, and this statement comes from the parties who
are the owners of land on which stands a building from
which a considerable income is derived, solely by reason
of the encroachments of five feet upon the street fronting
upon this very Square, using the public street for their
own private purposes, and the City permitting this unlaw-
ful and continuing nuisance.

" We hold, therefore, that these defendants, the Mon-
ument Commission, have absolute authority from the
Legislature of the State to place the Monument upon
the section designated. We hold that the City, acting
within its powers and exercising a reasonable discretion,
has given its full and free consent to its occupancy.
We hold that the placing of the Monument in that sec-
tion is but in furtherance of the use to which the Square
may properly be put to by law, by usage and by custom.

" We confidently assert that there is no valid and
legal objection to the use of the Square as contemplated,
and, therefore, that no restraining order should be
allowed in this case.

" And, your Honor, when this Monument shall be
erected in this most appropriate and public place, and
shall there stand, grand and beautiful, we will be
reminded of the words of the poet Whittier, when he
wrote relative to the Washington Monument : ' Surely

90 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

it will not have been reared in vain if, on the day of its
dedication, its mighty shaft shall serve to lift heaven-
ward the voice of a united people, that the principles
for which the fathers toiled and suffered shall be main-
tained inviolate to their children.'"

Upon the conclusion of the hearing, the Jndge took
the case under advisement, promising to give a decision
as soon as he had an opportunity of looking into its
merits. The result of his deliberation was made known
on June ist, 1891, and was published in the Leader of
the following date, as follows:

" The controversy over the location of the Soldiers1
and Sailors' Monument was brought to a close vesterday
afternoon so far as the Court of Common Pleas is con-
cerned, by Judge Stone deciding adversely to the Com-
mission. At the appointed hour, the attorneys for the
various parties to the well-known injunction suits met
in room 1, and anxiously awaited the result. The Mon-
ument Commission was well represented, and upon the
brow of each member was settled a look of hopeful
confidence. At a few minutes before 2 o'clock, Judge
Stone took his seat and read his decision from manu-
script. As he proceeded, a blank expression overspread
the faces of the Commissioners, and at the turning point
broad smiles played over the features of Judge William-
son and the attorneys of the City.

" Judge Stone commenced by giving a careful resume
of the famous cases, stating the facts accepted by both
sides, and concisely reviewing the points at issue. He
gave the history of the Public Square from the time it
was owned by the Connecticut Land Company, and
called attention to the various changes that it had
undergone. He quoted the acts of the General Assemblv
and the ordinances of the Councils of Cleveland bearing
upon the case, and reviewed the controversv between
the Monument and Park Commissioners.

SOLDIERS1 AND SAILORS' MONUMENT. 91

" Coming to the law in the matter, Judge Stone first
considered the rights of the plaintiffs in both cases to
bring suit. In the Williamson case, it was shown by
the citation of authorities that individual owners of
adjacent lots may proceed in equity to enjoin the appro-
priation of a Square dedicated to public purposes. It
was the opinion of the Court, that upon general equit-
able principles the plaintiffs in the Williamson case had
a right to maintain the action if it was found that the
uses contemplated to be made of the Public Square
were not within the terms of its dedication. The tech-
nical objections to the City of Cleveland being a plain-
tiff were not insisted upon during the trial, and the case
was considered and decided upon its merits. It was
held by the attorneys for the Monument Commission,
that the City, by its resolution of consent to the use of
the Square for the Monument and its subsequent silence,
was estopped from making any objection. The Court
held, that if the use of the Square that was proposed
was not a lawful one, the City had no right to give con-
sent, and the case was as though a resolution of consent
had never been passed. The case was found to ulti-
mately depend upon the lawfulness of the contemplated
use. With reference to the status of the Monumental
Commissioners, it was held that they were the agents of
the County, employed for local and temporary purposes,
and were not officers within the meaning of the Consti-
tution. The proposition of the plaintiffs, that the act
of the General Assembly in 1888, authorizing the Com-
mission to locate the Monument in the southeast corner
of the Public Square, was inoperative, the Court held
to be well taken. Such a provision of law directed the
use of the Square for a Monument, the Court said,
regardless of the will or rights of the City of Cleveland.
The proposition of the attorneys for the Monument
Commission that neither the consent of the Citv Council

92 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

nor of the Park Commission was necessary, and that
the will and direction of the Legislature was all-suffi-
cient, the Court held to be untenable. A Municipal
corporation had a twofold nature, one governmental,
and the other </ //^/-private. In the latter capacity and
not in the former, the City held the Square in trust for
the purposes for which it was dedicated, and the State
could not interfere with its control, nor could it direct
as to its use or method of adornment. The statute was
held to be inoperative, unauthorized, and void, as far as
it would serve to be compulsory on the City, and it cre-
ated no obligation or duty upon the municipality either
to give its consent to the irse of the Square, as proposed,
or to remove the Perry Monument from its present site.

" We are now brought to the most important question
of the case," continued Judge Stone. "Is the use that
is proposed within the terms of the dedication ? We
have then two propositions established. The Square is
a place to be kept open and unobstructed, for the pur-
poses of free passage, for pleasure grounds and amuse-
ments, for recreation and health ; it may be beautified
and ornamented — or it may be used for the public
buildings for the transaction of the public business. It
cannot be lawfully used for any other purpose than that
named, expressed, or intended by the dedicator.

" Is this Monument within the uses intended? It is
transparently clear that it is to be permanent in its
character, and not a place for the transaction of the
public business. If then, it may be properly placed in
the Square, it is because it is suitable by way of orna-
menting, beautifying, or adorning it and in harmony
and keeping with its use for pleasure grounds for recre-
ation or health. The space now composing the south-
east quarter of the Square within the sidewalk sur-
rounding it is 184 feet square (33,856 square feet). The
Monument is to be 95 feet square, located in the center

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 93

(covering 9,025 square feet). If the Monument is
placed there, it is apparent that one-quarter of the
Square is thus devoted permanently and practically for
all time to this object. It can, in the nature of the
case, contain nothing else, since it will cover some-
thing more than one-fourth of the space described.
The Memorial or Tablet Room is 40 or 46 feet square,
and 20 feet high and something more than that, in-
cluding ornamentation. This section of the Square
would certainly no longer be open and suitable for
pleasure ground and for the purposes of unobstructed
passage. Does this constitute so important a part of
the whole Square as to make the use proposed an
abridgment of the rights and uses for which the Square
was intended? We think it does, and that the erection
of so large and permanent a structure is not within the
lawful, contemplated, and intended uses of the grant.
We are not unmindful that in all civilized countries
these public places or squares in cities and towns have
ever been regarded as appropriate and suitable places
for the erection of monuments, commemorative of great
national or local events, and statues in honor of the
world's heroes and eminent men. We have no doubt
that within certain lines this Square may be so used,
and be consistent with the dedication, but we venture
the opinion that the structures must be such as shall
not, in any appreciable degree, interfere with the free,
open, and unobstructed use of the Square by the public,
but shall be incident to its use and more complete en-
joyment. This Monument, magnificent and beautiful
in its proportions, if erected on the site proposed,
will not be an incident to that section of the Square,
but that section will have become an incident to it. If
this structure may be erected upon one section, by the
same token, for reasons and purposes equally meritori-
ous, may there not be another structure, still larger in

94 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

size, erected on the northwest quarter, and still another
on the southwest quarter? There is still left another
quarter upon which to erect a building for the transac-
tion of the public business. When this is all done the
city may thereby be greatly beautified and adorned, but
we inquire, what has become of the Public Square ?
The place is beautified and adorned, but the Square
has disappeared ; it is no longer open, unobstructed for
the free use and enjoyment of the people. It is no
longer open, where great masses of our people may as-
semble to listen to public discussion, or take part in
public celebrations, or witness great military or civic
demonstrations. It is no longer an open breathing
place in the heart of a great city. The case supposed,
of a large structure on each quarter of the Square, is of
course extreme and improbable, 'but sometimes to sup-
pose an extreme case is the best method of demonstrat-
ing the danger of false doctrines.' But we affirm that
under this dedication, no section or quarter of the
Square can be lawfully used as a site for a large and
permanent structure (saving possibly and only a build-
ing for the transaction of the public business) that in
effect would amount to the permanent appropriation of
such section. And such, we think, would be the prac-
tical result in this case, if the Monument be placed where
proposed. It is urged that the plans and design for this
Monument were made with special reference to this site,
and that the Monument is not adapted to any other.
The facts, we think, do not warrant this claim. The
affidavit of Mr. Scofield, the artist and designer of the
Monument, is to the effect that ' said Monument was
designed and planned in March, 1887, and was of the
same size as the present plans of the same, including
the esplanade, the building for the Memorial Tablet
room, the shaft, and every other part of the Monument,'
etc. This was more than a year before the law was

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 95

passed authorizing the use of the Square as a site, and
a year and a quarter before the City Council adopted
its resolution giving consent. In March, 1887, no law
or resolution had been passed, so far as the proof shows,
indicating the Square as a site, but all the State legis-
lation on the subject authorized the ' purchase of a site
therefor.'

" We have sought to examine and determine these
cases along purely legal lines and upon legal principles,
wholly apart from sentiment ; and the conclusions
reached are not born out of any desire we have to see
this beautiful Monument, in which all our people will
take great pride, kept out of the Public Square ; and
should the views held by this Court be sustained, the
gentlemen composing this Commission, in whose wis-
dom, judgment and fidelity the public have great con-
fidence, we doubt not will find and secure a site for this
Monument that will meet with public approval. For
the reasons already expressed, perpetual injunctions
are awarded."

" The attorneys of the Commission immediately gave
notice of an appeal of the case, under a bond of $200."

Thus we had met our Bull Run ! Subsequent pro-
ceedings in the higher Courts clearly demonstrated that
the learned Judge erred.

" To err is human, to forgive divine."

The preliminary judicial opinion of Judge Stone
did not eventually stand in law, but it served the pur-
pose of interested and misguided individuals, and the
few honest opponents of the selected site. It goes with-
out saying, that the Monument Commissioners were
disappointed, but they were not disheartened. Re-
pulsed in the first skirmish, they re-formed their lines
and moved forward, knowing their cause was just and
would ultimatelv end in victory.

IX.

TO continue the historical sequence of events, we here
record that with the advent of the new City gov-
ernment which came into power on the third Monday
of April, 1 891, pursuant to the new Municipal law, the
board of Park Commissioners became officially extinct.
They left behind them the memory of work undone,
of achievements long cherished but unaccomplished.
Nevertheless the Parks will be extended, and better
cared for in the future, and the Soldiers' Monument will
adorn and grace the southeast section of the Public
Square. City Solicitor Burns, who had faithfully served
the Park Commissioners, shared the fate of the son of
Jacob, when there arose a new king which knew not
Joseph.

The new form of Municipal government was originally
contemplated and represented to be an imitation of the
plan of the Federal government, conducted with indi-
vidually responsible heads of departments, their official
designation being Directors. In practical administra-
tion, however, it is but a slight apology for its assumed
original pattern ; the Mayor, and the Directors, face-
tiously called the Mayor's "Cabinet", being therein
unfortunately constituted a Board of Control, with
practically legislative, as well as executive functions,
thus depriving the system of individual responsibility
and efficiency, as contemplated by its honest and earnest
originators. It has been with the two most important
members of the " Cabinet" the Monument Commission
has been necessitated officially to deal — the Directors
of Law and of Public Works.

SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS' MONUMENT. 99

At the first election under the Federal Plan Municipal
law, in xA.pril, 1891, Hon. William G. Rose succeeded to
the mayoralty. He appointed R. R. Herrick Director of
Public Works, and General Edward S. Meyer Director
of Law ; the former succeeded to the duties of the old
Board of Park Commissioners. These three officials
went into office as the supposed friends of the Soldiers'
Monument and the members of the Commission. A lit-
tle experience with them, however, forcibly reminded us
that this is truly a world of disappointment. We had
confidently expected that the "amicable" lawsuit that
had been commenced by the late Park Commissioners
would be at once withdrawn by the Director of Law.
As a private citizen, he was our professed friend, and, if
need be, a volunteer defender of our rights ; but as an
official, he was compelled to follow the instructions of
" his chief," the Mayor. As time went on, however,
his former professed friendship seemed gradually to lose
its ardor. We soon observed the changed condition, but
went serenely on our way, feeling that time at last
would set all things right.

Work was continued in the studio on the several
groups of the Monument during the Summer of 1891,
but no work was done on the site, pending the appeal
to the Circuit Court.

At the Fall term of the Court the case came up for
hearing. The City's interests were in charge of General
Meyer, who showed by his grave solemnity the weighty
responsibilities that were thrust upon him by his chief.
Judge Boynton, of the East Cleveland Street Railroad
Company, was on deck for Judge Williamson's inherit-
ance. The Circuit Court rendered its opinion on De-
cember 3d, 1 891, its decision being published in the
Leader of the following date, as follows :

" The Soldiers' Monument will not be erected in the
Public Square, unless the Supreme Court of the State

km^t * ■% /T» t^L U^lL^m. .

IOO HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

reverses the decision of the Circuit Court rendered
Friday morning. The decision which was delivered by-
Judge Caldwell was a very lengthy one, and covered
all the points involved. After reciting the course of
events which led to the application by the City and the
Messrs. Williamson for an injunction restraining the
Monument Commission from erecting the Monument
in the Public Square, Judge Caldwell proceeded as
follows : ' The issues before us are these : First, it is
contended that the Commission is not a legal one, for
the reason that it was not constitutionally appointed,
as there was no number of persons to select from, but
it was necessary to appoint all the members of the
Soldiers' Committee. There is no dispute as to the
facts regarding this point. The Commission consisted
of the same number of persons as did the old Commit-
tee, and it was provided in the act that they should be
named as Commissioners, thus allowing no room for
selection. The Commission was therefore illegally ap-
pointed. The second point in dispute is as to the
character of the proposed Monument, and the effect it
would have upon that section of the Square, and, further,
whether or not the property of the Williamsons would
be injured by its location at that point.'

" The base of the Monument, as proposed, is of such
a size, continued the Court, that it would be necessary
to divert the straight walks now across that section of
the Square, and make them pass around the Monument.
This would necessitate the formation of two grades —
one from Euclid Avenue to the Monument, and the
other from the Monument to the corner of Ontario and
Superior Streets. These grades would have to be at
least one and one-half inches to the foot, and would be
altogether too steep for the safety of pedestrians in wet
or icy weather. The course of travel would therefore
be diverted from that section of the Square, and conse-

soldiers' and sailors' monument. ioi

quently the number of persons passing the Williamson
property would be diminished, and its value for rental
purposes would undoubtedly fall. There was, therefore,
no question that the Monument would cause injury to
the Williamson property. It was contended by the
Commission that the Williamsons could not complain
of any improvements placed in the Park, as long as
such improvements were within the purposes for which
the land was originally given. The City would have
an undoubted right, said Judge Caldwell, to entirely
enclose the sections of the Square for the purpose of
ornamentation, but the walks as now arranged are of
such convenience that they have almost become a public
necessity, and the public would demand that they be
retained in such terms that the representatives of the
public would hardly dare close them up.

" The attorneys for the Commission relied to a great
extent upon the resolution passed by the Council au-
thorizing the Commission to place the Monument in the
Square, but the City contended that the ordinance was
illegal, because it was passed on the same night on
which it was introduced, and without the necessary
suspension of the rules. The Court upheld the latter
contention, and said the Council's action was null and
void. But the Commission contended that even if the
Council's action was illegal, such action was not neces-
sary, as the Legislature had the right to take the Square
for county purposes, as the Monument was for the ben-
efit of Cuyahoga County, and not of the City alone.
This was met by the contention on the part of the
plaintiff, that the State had no jurisdiction to undertake
the ornamentation of the Square. The whole matter
could, therefore, be resolved into three questions, con-
tinued Judge Caldwell. First, has a Municipal corpora-
tion two natures, one public, the other private? Second,
if the Square comes under the private nature of the

102 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

Municipal corporation, has the State the right to step in
and dictate how the City shall ornament the Square ?
Thirdly, does the action taken by the State fall under
the private business of the corporation, or under its
public business ?

11 The Court held that the Municipal corporation has
two distinct functions. As to the second proposition, it
was held that while the State has authority to say what
officers shall exercise authority over the private affairs of
a corporation, it has no right to prescribe the mode and
manner in which those affairs shall be carried out. As
to the third proposition, the Court held that the care of
the Square was part of the City's private business, and
that the State had, therefore, no right to interfere with
it. The City has a right to enclose the Square, but it
has no right to enclose any street, because every citizen
of the State has an interest in the public highways.
Continuing, Judge Caldwell asked : ' How much con-
cern is it to the people of other counties how the Public
Square in this City shall be ornamented ? It is perfectly
inconsistent to presume that the State can say to this
City, ' you must put a flower-bed here, and plant a tree
there, and build a mound over yonder.' Who has
asked that Perry's Monument be removed? Have any cit-
izens of Cleveland requested its removal ? Who's going
to pay for the work of removing it ? The money would
certainly come out of the pockets of the citizens of Cleve-
land, and the Legislature has no right to say to the citi-
zens, 'you must go to this expense, although you haven't
asked to be allowed to do so.' The Legislature has no
right to dictate to the City of Cleveland how its Parks
shall be ornamented. The assent of the City was not
obtained to this disposition of that part of the Square,
and the Legislature had no authority to order the Mon-
ument to be placed there. The injunction restraining
its erection at that point is therefore made perpetual.' '

SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS' MONUMENT. 103

Well, well ! Bull Run continued ! Again repulsed !
Quite a strong decision, that ! While we had hoped
for a different result, we were now speedily becoming
convinced that judicial judgments and decrees are alike
subject to error, as the opinion of common humanity.
Knowing, however, that our opponents had no reserve to
bring up, or fall back upon, we felt that, in the general
engagement soon to follow, we would win the field.

Loren Prentiss, Esq., in behalf of the Commission,
excepted to the Circuit Court's decision, and the case
was carried to the Supreme Court.

THE Winter of our discontent and disappointment
was made glorious Summer by the receipt of the
decision of the Supreme Court, handed down June 21st,
1892. The Plain Dealer, of June 22d, describes our
feeling :

" The happiest people in town yesterday were the
members of the Soldiers' Monument Commission, when
the news was received that the Supreme Court had over-
ruled the decisions of the Common Pleas and Circuit
Courts and decided that the Soldiers' Monument might
be placed in the Public Square. Major Gleason's face was
beaming with joy, and Gen. Barnett shook hands with
everybody. Major Gleason said he thought there soon
would be a meeting to arrange for beginning work on
the foundation.

" The Common Pleas Court granted an injunction
more than a year ago, on the petitions of the City
and of Judge S. E. Williamson and his two broth-
ers, who own a business block on the Square. The
Court held that the placing of the big Monument on
the Square would be to divert it from the public
purposes for which it was intended and dedicated.
The Circuit Court of this judicial district sustained
that decision. The Supreme Court reverses both
lower Courts."

The full text of the decision of the Supreme Court
is as follows :

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 105

"[Copied from the 49th volume Ohio State Reports, pages 431

to 437-]

"DECISION OF THP: SUPREME COURT.

" GlEason et al. v. Cleveland.

" Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument, Cuyahoga County : Act of the
General Assembly, passed April 16, 1888, (85 Ohio Laws, 564,)
authorizing the selection of the southeast quarter of the Public
Square in Cleveland as the site for its erection, held constitu-
tional.

" (Decided June 21, 1892.)

"ERROR TO THE CIRCUIT COURT OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

" The plaintiff in error, defendants below, were appointed by the
Governor of the State, Commissioners, under the act passed April
16, 1888, (85 Ohio Laws, 564,) for the erection of a Monument to the
Soldiers and Sailors of Cuyahoga County in the late War ; and, in
pursuance of the power conferred on them by that Act, have se-
lected the southeast corner of the Public Square in the City of
Cleveland, as the site for the Monument, and propose to build the
same thereon. The City of Cleveland objects, and claims that,
without its consent, which has not been given, the site selected
cannot be appropriated to that use; and furthermore, that the act
of the Legislature is unconstitutional. The case having been de-
termined in the Common Pleas, was appealed to the Circuit Court,
where, upon the trial, the Court stated its conclusions of fact and
of law separately, and rendered judgment for the plaintiff. The
findings are as follows:"

(Parts deemed immaterial being omitted.)

" 1. That the Connecticut Land Company was in 1796, and for
some time prior thereto, the owner in fee simple of all the lands
now comprised within the limits of the City of Cleveland.

"2. That on or about the first day of October, 1796, the Connect-
icut Land Company caused a survey and plat and allotment of what
was then intended by said company to be the City of Cleveland to
be made, designating as shown upon said plat the location of streets,
alleys and public places, and the boundaries and number of lots ;
that said survey and map were made for the purpose of selling lots
designated and numbered as aforesaid with reference to said plat
and allotment, and to dedicate to the public the streets, public
highways and public places as shown by said allotment, survey and
map — a copy of which map is attached to plaintiff's petition and
made a part of these findings of fact.

"That afterwards, on the 6th day of November, 1801, the Connect-
icut Land Company, being still the owner of said lands, caused a

106 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

resurvey of all the lauds included in the first plat and survey to be
made, differing in no essential particular from the first survey and
plat, and recorded in the office of the Recorder of Trumbull County,
the premises at that time being within the limits of that county.

"This resurvey and record were made in compliance and in con-
formity with the act of the Territorial Legislature of December 6,
1800. (1st Chase's Statutes, 291-292.) That said last map, minutes
and survey were subsequently recorded in the records of Cuyahoga
County, on the 22d day of November, 1814, Cuyahoga County having
been organized in 1810.

" That upon the said map and by said survey and resurvey, there
is marked and designated a square space at the intersection of Supe-
rior and Ontario Streets, and in said survey the following language
is used as to each square space : 'The Square is laid out on the in-
tersection of Superior Street aud Ontario Street, and contains ten
acres. The center of the junction of the two roads is the exact cen-
ter of the Square.' There is no other provision in reference to said
Square on said map or on said survey.

"3. When this original allotment was made, no streets extended
into the Square except Superior and Ontario Streets, which two
streets extended through its center, or nearly so, at right angles.
In 1816, when the village of Cleveland was incorporated, Euclid
Road was extended where Euclid Avenue now is, from its intersec-
tion with Huron Street to the southeast corner of said square space
known as the Public Square.

" For many years after this allotment was made, the Public Square
was kept or permitted to be an open space, and free to the public to
walk or drive upon, and to cross it as they saw fit.

"A traveled roadway existed across the southeast quarter of the
Square, and teams and stage coaches to and from Buffalo to Cleve-
land, coming along the Euclid Road, passed diagonally across this
section of the Square into Superior Street near the center of the
Square, and this roadway was so used until about 1838, when the
four sections of the Square were enclosed with fences, leaving a
roadway around, and Superior and Ontario Streets extending
through the Square. This condition continued until about 1857,
when fences were placed across Ontario and Superior Streets, and
around the whole space known as the Square, except so much
thereof on the four sides of the same as was necessary for the pur-
pose of streets ; and about ten years later, on order of the Court of
Common Pleas of this county, the City of Cleveland was ordered to
remove so much of the fences as interfered with the use of Superior
and Ontario Streets as public streets through the Square.

" From the year 1812 to 1830 there was a County Court House
upon the northwest corner of the Square, used as a Court House and

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 107

Jail ; and in the year 1828 a two-story brick Court House was erected
by the County on the southwest quarter of the Square, about the
center thereof, which remained until 1S58 or i860, when it was taken
down and removed. During the War of the Rebellion, temporary
'Sanitary Fair' buildings were erected on those portions of the
Square now designated as Superior and Ontario Streets, and re-
mained about a year, when they were taken down and removed.
These are the only buildings ever erected upon the Public Square,
and ever since the removal of the Court House in 1858 or i860, this
space has been wholly under the control of the City of Cleveland,
used as a public ground and improved and beautified after the man-
ner of a park, having a rostrum or speaker's stand in the northeast
quarter, and latterly the 'Moses Cleaveland Statue;' and the 'Com-
modore Perry Monument," erected in the center of the Square in
i860, by direction of the City Council, but subsequently removed to
its present site on the southeast quarter of the Square, where it has
remained for man}- years and still remains.

" For many years past, public walks have been maintained diago-
nally across the southeast section, as well as the other sections of
the Square, excepting that there is no diagonal walk from the south-
west corner of the southwest quarter.

" That said walks diagonally across the southeast section of the
Public Square are daily used to a great extent by a great many peo-
ple ; and in the northwest quarter of the Square the walk goes
around the fountain 48 feet in diameter. For ten years and more
prior to Februarv 26, 1891, the Park Commissioners of the City have
had charge of the beautifying and improving of the parks of said
City, and of the parks themselves, including this open space or
Square, and that such Park Commissioners were duly appointed
and constituted, and continued in office from the time of their ap-
pointment until the reorganization of the City of Cleveland under
the act passed March 16, 1891, and the charge and control of said
citv parks were devolved upon said Park Commissioners by ordi-
nances of the City in addition to such control as was conferred upon
them by statute, in the following language: 'Said Commissioners
shall take charge, and have the entire management, control and reg-
ulation of all public grounds and parks belonging to the City, sub-
ject to the city ordinances, and shall lay out such grounds and parks,
with avenues, walks and paths, and make such other improvements
and embellishments therein as they may deem proper, and shall pro-
tect and preserve the same.'

"4. That the defendants, the Board of Monument Commis-
sioners, were appointed by the Governor, with the advice and con-
sent of the Senate, and qualified and organized and entered upon
the performance of their duties. That at the time of said appoint-

IOS HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

meat, and at the time of the passage of the act of April 16, 18S8,
under which they were appointed, the Monumental Committee of
the Cuyahoga County Soldiers' and Sailors' Union consisted of only
twelve members, eleven of whom only were appointed by the Gov-
ernor as members of the said Board of Monumental Commissioners,
the membership of which also consisted of but twelve, who were not
all residents of Cleveland. The Court further find that said Monu-
mental Commissioners so composed selected the southeast corner
of the Square as the site for the proposed Monument.

" That the amount of money provided by the said tax levies is
sufficient only for the erection and completion of the Monument as
designed by the Commissioners on said site, without any expendi-
tures for a site.

" 7. The Court further find that the Park Commissioners of the
City of Cleveland never gave any consent or authority to said Monu-
mental Commission to occupy this section of the Public Square for
the purpose of erecting said Monument, but upon application
therefor refused their consent.

" That the Monument would be of a public character and of a
highly ornamental and worthy character as such and as a work
of art.

"That in the forepart of April, 1S91, but prior to the reorganiza-
tion of the City Government under said act of March 16, 1891, the
said Monument Commissioners were forcibly prevented by the Park
Commissioners of said City from taking possession of said section
of the Square for the purpose of erecting thereon said Monument,
and that the reorganization of the said City Government under said
act took place on the 21st day of April, i89i,and some time after the
commencement of this action."

The Court thereupon also states its conclusions of law
as follows :

" 1. That said survey and map, made and recorded as aforesaid,
operate as a dedication of the said Square to the public, for the uses
contemplated and intended by the donors at the time of the dedi-
cation.

" 2. That upon the incorporation and organization of the City of
Cleveland, the said Public Square became subject to the exclusive
control of the proper City authorities for the purposes so intended,
and to be used for such purposes.

"3. That the City has not conferred upon said Monument Com-
mission any right to occupy said section of said Square for the pur-
pose of erecting said Monument thereon.

"4. That upon the facts above found, the said Monument cannot
legally be placed on said section of the Public Square.

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 109

"5. That the clause in the Act of the Legislature of April 16,
18S8, attempting to confer upon the Monument Commissioners the
right to select the southeast quarter of the Square as the place for
such Monument, would not confer such right without the consent
of the City of Cleveland.

"And thereupon rendered judgment perpetually enjoining the
defendants from constructing the Monument on the site selected.

"The plaintiff in error alleges that there is error in the conclu-
sions of law and the judgment of the Circuit Court, and asks that
its judgment be reversed.

"L. Prentiss, J. M. Jones and A. T. Brinsmade, for plaintiffs in
error.

"Edward S. Meyer, Corporation Counsel, Boynton, Hale & Horr,
and Estep, Dickey, Carr & Goff, for defendant in error.

"BY THE COURT.

"The donation of the " Public Square" in the City of Cleveland by
the Connecticut Land Company was not made to the City of Cleve-
land, but to the public generally ; and the Court erred in so hold-
ing. It was, therefore, competent to the Legislature to authorize
the erection of a Soldiers' Monument upon this Square without the
consent of the City, as done by the act passed April 16, 1888. (85
Laws, 564.)

" The objection that the persons composing the Commission
created for the erection of the Monument are officers virtually
appointed by the Legislature, and that the act is therefore uncon-
stitutional, is, we think, untenable. If they are officers, within the
meaning of the Constitution, the direction for their appointment by
the Governor from 'the present Monumental Committee of the
Cuyahoga County Soldiers' and Sailors' Union' is impersonal, and
does not require the appointment of specific persons ; whoever at
the time the appointment is made compose that Committee may
be appointed by the Governor, whether they were such members at
the passage of the act or not.

"But it also seems clear from the previous decisions of this Court
that the members composing this Commission are not officers
within the meaning of Sec. 27, Art. 2, of the Constitution, denying
to the Legislature the power of appointment to office. Walker vs.
Cincinnati, 21 Ohio St., 14, 50.

"They are created for the accomplishment of a particular purpose
— the erection of a monument, and their functions end with the
accomplishment of that purpose. It was held in the case just cited,
that persons clothed with such temporary functions are not re-
garded as officers within the meaning of the Constitution.

"Judgment reversed, and petition of the plaintiff below dis-
missed."

IIO HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

The turning-point had arrived. Our Gettysburg
had been fought and won ! The faith and confidence
of the Monument Commission in the justice and merits
of their cause had been judicially confirmed. Their
able counsel, Loren Prentiss, Esq., Judge James M.
Jones, and Comrade Allen T. Brinsmade, were congrat-
ulated on every side on the result of their careful prep-
aration and forcible and effective argument of the case.
Unawed by public clamor, unmoved by local prejudice,
purely on its legal merits, the Supreme Judicial tribu-
nal of the State pronounced its judgment and decree.
Would the opponents of the Monument site abide the
result ? We shall presently see.

NOX

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XI.

THE changing panorama of events now begins to
move so swiftly on that the pen — and scissors —
of the historian find it difficult to keep step to the
music of the procession.

A meeting of the Commission was held July 6, at
which action was taken as follows:

"Resolved, That the President and Secretary be and they are
hereby authorized and instructed to officially notify the City Coun-
cil and Board of Control that the time has come for the removal of
the Perry statue, the water pipes and all other obstructions from
the southeast section of the Public Square, so that ground may
be broken at once for the erection of the Monument."

The resolution was adopted, and the officers desig-
nated carried out their duty.

On July 9th, the Mayor materialized long enough to
be interviewed in the newspapers as follows :

" Mayor Rose, although opposed to the occupancy ot
the Square or any part of it by the Soldiers' or any other
big monument, said Saturday morning that he knew of
no way by which the Commissioners could be prevented
from erecting their Monument on the proposed site.
'The decision of the Supreme Court, as I understand
it,' said the Mayor, ' relieves the Commission from the
necessity of even obtaining the Councirs permission to
occupy the Square. Further, it compels the City to
remove all obstructions, and if it refuses to do this the
Commissioners can compel the removal by mandamus
proceedings. Under the Supreme Court decision, such
proceedings could be maintained. The Monument
should not go there, but I guess there is- no way of pre-
venting; it.' "

114 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

The City Council took action on the Commission's

request at its meeting held on July nth, as follows:

" Resolved, That it is the sense of this Council that the proposed
Soldiers' Monument should not be placed upon the Public Square
of this city ; that said Square is not a suitable place for said Monu-
ment ; that the statue of Commodore Perry, now occupying a part
of the southeast section of said Square, ought not to be removed
therefrom ; that this Council will not, unless compelled thereto by
order of Court, authorize or require the removal of said statue
therefrom, nor appropriate any public money to meet the expense
of such removal ; and that the resolution heretofore adopted by the
Council of this city assenting to the erection of said proposed Mon-
ument upon said southeast section of said Square be and that the
same is hereby rescinded and such assent withheld."

This resolution was adopted.

On the same date, a special meeting of the Board of
Control was held. The Director of Law, General Meyer,
submitted the request of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monu-
ment Commission that the City clear the southeast sec-
tion of the Public Square for the Monument. Attached
to the request was a copy of the Supreme Court decision
giving the Commission authority to place the Monu-
ment in the Public Square. General Meyer said that
the Court had not passed upon the question of the
validity of the Board except in an indirect manner. He
could not bring himself to believe that the Supreme
Court would decide that the Commission was legally
appointed. As the Court did not pass upon that ques-
tion, it could be made the subject of another suit if the
City so desired. He was prepared to take any action
recommended by the Board or the City Council. So far
as his personal views were concerned, he did not believe
that the Square was the proper site for the Monument.
The documents were sent to the Council.

Immediately after the action of the City Council be-
came known, supplemented by the report of General
Meyer to the Board of Control, a meeting of the Com-
mission was called. It was held on the 12th of July, at

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 115

which the following action was taken — introduced by
Commissioner Elwell, seconded by Commissioner Hayr,
and unanimously adopted :

" Resolved, That whereas the Supreme Court has decided that the
statute of April 16, 1888, is coustitutional and valid, and that the
Board of Monument Commissioners is a legal and valid board under
the statute to locate and erect the proposed Monument in the south-
east section of the Public Square, the Executive Committee is hereby
directed to take the proper steps to commence and prosecute the
work of the erection of the Monument, and as preliminary to such
work to have the necessary fence erected around the site.

"That in the prosecution of the work, such portion of the work
as will not interfere with the Perry statue or water main be first
done, giving the City time to procure funds for that purpose as
directed by law."

On the evening of July 13th another meeting of the
Commission was held, which was reported in the Plain
Dealer of the following date as follows :

"An intensely interesting meeting of the Soldiers'
and Sailors' Monument Commission was held in Major
Gleason's office in the City Hall last evening. Attorney
Loren Prentiss talked in strong terms to the members.
He advised them of their legal rights in the matter, told
them that the case could not well be appealed to the
United States Supreme Court, gave it as his opinion
that the City was playing a big game of bluff, and urged
them to go ahead, as no legal obstacle stood in their
way. The Commission thereupon decided to build a
fence around the Square on Friday morning, and if not
then on Monday morning. They will have a large force
of men on hand to build the fence — 1,000 old Soldiers,
if necessary, taking part in the work — and it will be
erected by sheer force. Words will not stop them ; fee-
ble physical resistance will not stop them ; they will
only desist when it becomes apparent that the fence
cannot be erected without bodily injury to someone.
Policemen will be thrust aside and treated as ordinary
citizens, unless they display warrants. If the Commis-

Il6 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

sioners are forcibly withheld from building a fence,
they will appeal to the Court to restrain the City from
interfering.

"In the beginning, the Commission discussed the
matter informally. Mr. Dewstoe said that a Council-
man had admitted to him that its action on Monday
night in rescinding permission to occupy the Square
was of no legal effect.

"'After that Monument is located in the Square,'
said Dewstoe, ' you will not be able to find a man who
opposed it.1

" ' I will guarantee that the Monument will be no ob-
struction to travel,' said Capt. Scofield. ' People have
a mistaken notion of the size.'

"Attorney Loren Prentiss was questioned closely as
to the Commission's right in the case, and particularly
as to whether the other side intended appealing to the
Supreme Court of the United States.

" 'I have received no information that Judge William-
son intends going to the Supreme Court,' said he. 'I
have looked over the entire ground, and I cannot see
upon what ground they can base an appeal. I under-
stand that Judge Williamson intends to re-appeal to the
Supreme Court of Ohio in September, but that will not
deter our acting at once.'

"'That's what I want,1 said Mr. Hayr. 'I want to
act at once/

" ' In my opinion,' said Mr. Prentiss, ' I think the City
is playing a big game of bluff and nothing more. Their
policy is purely delay until the Legislature meets, when
a big effort will be made to rescind all former legisla-
tion on the subject.'

"'Mr. Herrick says that there is nothing in the law
which authorizes us to build a fence,' said Capt. Moly-
neaux. ' Is there anything in that?1

' ' Nothing at all,' said Mr. Prentiss, ' the fence is

soldiers' and sailors1 monument. 117

merely incidental to the actual construction of the
Monument. '

u'What course would you advise?' asked Mr. Dew-
stoe.

" ' I would advise you to go right ahead,' said Mr.
Prentiss, ' and build the Monument. You have the
authority. If anyone attempts to stop you, go right on
until you are compelled to desist through sheer force.
You have the right to brush a person aside if he is in
your way. What I mean is, that they must use actual
force before you stop. Then there are several remedies
for you. You ca"n have them arrested for assault and
battery, or you can apply to the Common Pleas Court
for an injunction to restrain them from interfering
with you.'

" ' I don't want to arrest a poor policeman who is
urged on by someone in the City Hall,' said Mr. Havr.
' I had rather get out an injunction.'

"'So would I,' said Mr. Dewstoe.

"'As a lawyer, Mr. Prentiss, do you think that that
injunction could be denied?' asked Mr. Havr.

" ' I think it would be a judicial outrage if it was,' re-
plied Mr. Prentiss.

"'Well, then,' said Capt. Scofield, 'the best thing to
do is to have Mr. Prentiss draw up a paper to-night ad-
vising the City that we propose to go to the Square on
Friday morning and begin work. They certainly can-
not claim that we are trying to steal a march on them.'

" 'That is a good idea,' said Mr. Prentiss; 'we want
to brush aside all technicalities. I will prepare that
notice to-morrow morning.'

" ' Wouldn't it be a good idea to have the Police
Prosecutor notified, too?' asked Mr. Dewstoe.

"'An excellent idea,' said Mr. Prentiss. l It is well
that he should be acquainted with the facts in the
case.'

Il8 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

" Attorney Prentiss was then instructed to notify Gen.
Meyer, Mr. Herrick, Col. Gibbons, the Police Prose-
cutor, and the officers at the Central Station that the
Commission would build a fence about the Square.

" 'Can you have from forty to fifty of your cool-headed
friends in the Square when you begin operations?1 asked
Mr. Prentiss.

"'A thousand, if necessary,' answered Capt. Scofield.

" 'You can use all possible means, except actual vio-
lence, to keep those policemen out of the Square,' said
Mr. Prentiss. ' They have no right to interfere with you.'

"'We, of course,' said Capt. Scofield, 'would rather
use peaceable means. We are not outlaws, as the City
Officials are.'

"'If a man displays a warrant,' said Mr. Prentiss, 'it
is your duty to stop at once; but yoii need not pay any
attention to an ordinary patrolman. Have a sufficient
number of your friends on hand to show that you are
not alone in the movement.'

" 'We will have them,' said Mr. Hayr ; 'we will have
1,000 old Soldiers building that fence.

" 'That's it,' said Mr. Prentiss; 'put the fence up by
force, but don't use violence. Thrust people aside.
Those policemen are nothing to you. You are not only
justified in building the fence and using force, without
injury, but I think you ought to show some soldierly
courage in prosecuting the work.'

" Major Gleason favored deferring action upon the
construction of the fence until Monday, but Capt. Sco-
field was eager to start work on Friday morning.

" ' Mr. Prentiss can issue all the notices Thursday
morning,' said he.

" Mr. Force was also opposed to beginning work on
Friday morning, and Mr. Prentiss was instructed to
issue the notices specifying the time of building the
fence to be ' within a dav or two.' "

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 119

The Leader of the 14th said:

" ' We will now move on the enemy with brass bands,'
said Major W. J. Gleason at the close of the meeting of
the Soldiers' and Sailors1 Monument Commission last
evening. By 'the enemy' the Major referred to the City
Officials. He declared that the battle would take place
within a very few days. There will be less havoc than
that which occurred on the bloody field of Gettysburg.
In place of the artillery there will be several wagon
loads of lumber. Instead of regiments of infantry and
cavalry there will be a small force of carpenters. The
staff of officers will be composed of members of the
Commission. On the other side there will be the police
force under able management. The City will have the
advantage of some artillery in the battle, however, if
they care to make use of the big naval gun in the
Square, captured by Commodore Perry from the British,
and its companion, the field-piece brought back from
the Rebellion by General Barnett. Both sides are
ready for the struggle, and it is awaited with intense
interest."

The Leader reporter got in his work as follows on the
same date :

"A candid exchange of private sentiments between
General Ed. S. Meyer, the Director of Law, and Major
W. J. Gleason, President of the Soldiers' Monument
Commission, caused a sensation at the City Hall yester-
day. According to the rumors, there was everything
but bloodshed in the meeting, and the language was
mainly plain, sturdy Anglo-Saxon. The courtly con-
struction peculiar to diplomatic intercourse was not in
demand and was not used, and when the meeting ad-
journed everybody knew exactly what everybody else
thought of the topics under discussion. The meeting
was largely accidental.

''General Meyer and Major Gleason both have their

120 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

offices in the third story of the City Hall. Major Glea-
son's abiding place is between General Meyer's office
and the ele\-ator. As the Major is President of the
Monument Commission, he is naturally not pleased
with the course of the City in refusing to prepare a part
of the Public Square as a site for the Soldiers' and Sail-
ors' Monument. When he alighted from the City Hall
eleYator on the third floor, yesterday, he met a news-
paper reporter and proceeded to tell him a few things.
These things included some reference to General
Meyer.

" ' He has not been treating us fairly,' said the Major,
in effect. ' For double back action in landing on both
sides of a question, he beats anything I ever saw. Be-
fore he was hired by the City he Yolunteered to act as
Attorney for the Commission, and said he was in favor
of having the Monument placed in the Square. When
he was made Corporation Counsel he, of course, took
the other side. After the Supreme Court decided in
our favor, a few weeks ago, I met him on Ontario Street.
He shook hands, and said he was not sorry that the
Supreme Court had held in our favor. He said that he
was still ' with the boys ' and would place no further
obstructions in our way. Why, while we were talking,
Mooney, one of his assistants, was on his way to Coun-
cilman O'Brien's store with a resolution to repeal the
one giving us the right to use the Square. Mr. O'Brien
refused to introduce the resolution.'

"During the latter part of the Major's talk, General
Mover arrived via the elevator, and when he heard his
name mentioned in an uncomplimentary manner he
stopped. The hallway was dark, and the Major's back
was turned to the elevator. In a very few moments the
General took his turn at the bat. He called the Major
to account for having said on Tuesday in an interview
that General Meyer was running' an opposition Supreme

BRONZE CAPITAL TO SHAFT.

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 123

Court to the one in Columbus, or something to that
effect.

" ' You should not pay any attention to anything in
the newspapers purporting to quote what I have said,'
remarked the General. ' If you want to know my opin-
ions, come to my office.'

" ' Well, how do you know then that I said anything
about you?' asked the Major.

" ' Why, I read it in the newspapers.'

" ' What right have you to presume that I made those
statements if you know that the newspapers don't quote
you correctly, and you do not want people to pay any
attention to what you are reported as saying? I give
the newspapers credit for not always getting things
wrong. I was correctly quoted.'

" ' I want to warn you not to carry it too far,' said
General Meyer.

" ' Oh, I don't care anything for your threats,' re-
sponded the Major. ' I have said, and I repeat, that
you have a pretty small peg to hang a new case on when
you attempt to base it on the claim that one member of
the Monument Commission was not legally appointed.'

" General Meyer denied that he had advised the arrest
of anyone attempting to take building material upon the
Square, but said the police had been ordered to prevent
trespassing. He offered to go down stairs and prove it
by Director Gibbons. ' That was very amusing, and I
laughed at the idea,' said Major Gleason afterwards. 'I
told him that Colonel Gibbons' veracity was sorely in
doubt yesterday, according to the newspapers, and that
it was hardly right to put it to test twice in one week.
He denied that Mooney had taken the resolution to
Councilman O'Brien, and claimed that Mooney had
been away on a vacation for ten days. I told him I did
not care how long Mooney had been on a vacation, as I
had Mr. O'Brien's word for the resolution storv.' '

124 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

The following interview with Commissioner Elwell
was had by the Leader on the 14th :

" General Elwell, a member of the Board of Monu-
ment Commissioners, and who, with General Leggett,
has charge of its legal matters, was asked by a reporter
yesterday what effect an appeal of the Williamson case
to the United States Court would have upon the action
of the Commission.

" ' It will tie everything up indefinitely,' he said.
'The great work upon which fourteen years have
already been spent will probably have to be completed
by our successors in office when we are forgotten. At
the time of our action yesterday we supposed that we
had only to deal with the City Hall strikers and our
State Courts, and as we thought that they would hardly
use Winchesters as the Homestead men have done, we
expected, if they interfered with onr work by police or
otherwise, to whip them in Court, as we have done in
the past. As the case stood before the Williamsons'
appeal, any interference on the part of our City Officials
we believe would be simply contempt of Court, and we
would hand them over to Judge Solders. We may
make mistakes in the future, but to the present time
we have made none. Our title deeds to the southeast-
ern quarter of the Public Square are from the Supreme
Court of Ohio, to which tribunal we were sent by the
City and Mr. Williamson.'

" ' How about the tax ; are you weak on that point?'

" ' Xot at all. We have the same assurance from our
attorneys that it is strictly legal, that we had in regard
to the site. The same line of cases that sustains the
one sustains the other. From the beginning we have
moved carefully, acting under the best legal counsel.
Judge Ranney was our consulting lawyer. He helped
ns much, and would not accept compensation. Judge
Griswold and Colonel Brinsmade drew all our bills, and

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 125

the latter gentleman guided and looked after the Mu-
nicipal legislation. All the laws which they drafted
have been sustained by the Court.'

" ' It is said that your Board is illegal — that General
Leggett was not a member of the Soldiers' and Sailors'
Union, from which the Governor was required to make
the appointment?'

" 'I know it is so said, but the Court says that the
Board is legal. We say that General Leggett was a
member of the Union, having always acted with it, and
considered himself a 'member. The record may be a
little imperfect, but he was a member. If he was not,
it would not invalidate the Commission, of which he is
one of the most efficient members. General Leggett
may not have paid his twenty-live cents admission fee,
but if he did owe, the record fails to show it. I cannot
agree with General Meyer, if the papers report him
correctly, that the Supreme Court could not have
contemplated this fact and decided as they did. The
Court, in the general proposition which they lay
down, affirming our entire right to the Square,
covers all the minor points involved. To sum
up the whole matter, the Commission has simply
tried to faithfully execute the will and orders of the
Soldiers' and Sailors' Union, comprising many thous-
ands of members. After thorough investigation, they
say, and we think, that nineteen-twentieths of the
people of the county say, ' put the Monument on the
Square, where it can be seen without money or time,
and not out in the suburbs, for the benefit of railroads
and land speculators.' If we could have got sufficient
land near the center of the city at a moderate cost — at
a price which we could pay — we should have been glad
to have secured such a site. Captain Scofield did not
accept the Square until We had completely failed else-
where. I am curious to see the report of Mr. Michael's

126 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

committee, now in search of a site for the new City
Hall. We had jnst such a committee, and they worked
faithfully for several months, trying to find a site out-
side of the Square. They totally failed, and Mr. Michael
will find that it will take half a million dollars to buy
such a site as the people will approve, and he will come
back, as we did, to the Public vSquare for a site. The
people will never pay a fabulous sum of money for a
site for a City Hall when the Square belongs to them
for this very purpose. Right here is the secret of the
appearance of Mr. Williamson. He is fighting not so
much the Monument, but the public buildings, from
"being placed there. We are fighting the battle of the
City and County in this matter. I am surprised that
our Municipal authorities should join him in this fight
against the public use of the Public Square.' ''
The following correspondence explains itself:

" City of Cleveland, O.,

" Department of Police,
"July 14, 1892.
" Gen. Ed. S. Meyer, Director of Law.

" Dear Sir : — It is rumored that the Monument Commission in-
tends to take possession of the southeast section of the Monumental
Park and erect a fence around the same. Upon consultation with
His Honor Mayor Rose he referred me to your department for legal
advice as to the action of the Police Department.

" Respectfully,

"John W. Gibbons,

" Director of Police."

Gen. Meyer's reply was :

" City of Cleveland, ~)

"Department of Law,

"July 14, 1892. )
" Col. John W. Gibbons, Director of Police.

"Dear Sir: — I am in receipt of your communication of this date,
in which I am informed that ' it is rumored that the Monument
Commission intends to take possession of the southeast section of
tin- Monumental Park and erect a fence around the same,' and that
upon consultation with His Honor Mayor Rose he has referred you

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 127

to this department for legal advice as to the action of the depart-
ment of police.

"In reply, you are respectfully informed that the Board of Monu-
ment Commissioners, when duly organized, is clothed with such
power and authority as are conferred by the provisions of Section
3 of the act of April 16, 1888 (O. L. vol. 85, p. 565), and are therein
set forth in the following terms :

" ' Section 3. Said Board of Monument Commissioners, when
duly organized, shall have full power to select a place for the pro-
posed Monument, and shall have the exclusive control of the build-
ing of said Monument, and the place for the same, and are empow-
ered to have designs and models prepared, and are hereby author-
ized if they so determine, to locate the site of such Monument on
the southeast side of the ' Public Square,' so-called, at the junction
of Superior and Ontario Streets, in the City of Cleveland, and in
case they so determine, the Park Commissioners of said City are
hereby authorized and required, on demand in writing by said
Commissioners, at the expense of said City, to remove the monu-
ment of Commodore Perry, now in said southeast corner of said
Square, to some other square or public park in said City, and
all other obstructions therein.'

" The Board of Monumental Commissioners, therefore, is not em-
powered to at any time enclose or erect a fence of any kind around
the said southeast section of the Public Square. Your department
has full power to prevent, and is charged with the duty of prevent-
ing such action on the part of said Board or any other organization
or persons.

" Until the Director of Public Works, as the successor of the
Board of Park Commissioners, shall have removed the said
' monument of Commodore Perry ' and ' all other- obstructions
now upon said section of the Square,' as provided in said act,
the said Board of Monument Commissioners has no power to take
possession of, or in any manner disturb or interfere with any
part of section of said Square, for any purpose whatever, and
your department has full power to prevent and is charged with the
duty of preventing any attempt on the part of said Board or of any
persons whomsoever to take possession of, or to disturb or interfere
with any part thereof.

" Should any resistance be offered the officers of your department
while in the lawful discharge of the duties above mentioned and
set forth, the persons so offending should be promptly arrested and
held to answer the charge of disorderly conduct.

" If the Board of Monument Commissioners is dissatisfied with the
course pursued by the Director of Public Works, its remedy lies in
an application to the proper court for a writ of mandamus to com-

128 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

pel the said Director to remove the monument of Commodore
Perrv, and other obstructions on said section of the Square, and
not in a resort to a breach of the peace."
" Very respectfully,

" Ed. S. Meyer, Corporation Counsel."

Mayor Rose, as well as Director Herrick, asserted at
this time that there was nothing in the law which per-
mitted the Commission to erect the fence. When the
attention of the Mayor was called to the fact that the
fence was only preliminary to the actual construction
of the Monument, and that the building law provides
that property must be fenced in before the construction
of buildings is undertaken, he admitted that the general
law did specify buildings, but was silent on the subject
of monuments. This, of course, is a nice distinction.

The Mayor expressed some surprise when he learned
the true dimensions of the Monument. He thought the
structure much bigger than it really is. Though hav-
ing ample opportunity, he never cared, enough to inform
himself.

XII.

THE Fourteenth Annual Reunion of the Cuyahoga
County Soldiers' and Sailors1 Union was held at
Forest City Park, on July 14th. This association em-
braced in its membership representatives of all the ex-
Army and Navy organizations in the county. We clip
the following report of the proceedings from the Leader
of the 15th:

"The blue coats and gold-braided hats of the veteran
Soldiers were very numerous at Forest City Park, yes-
terday. The occasion was the Fourteenth Annual Re-
union of the Cuyahoga County Soldiers' and Sailors'
Union, and it was the success that the gatherings of
veterans always are. Early in the forenoon, the 'boys'
began to assemble with their wives and children, and
at 11 o'clock, when the 'assembly' was sounded, several
hundred people were at the park, and others arrived
as the day wore on, until by the middle of the afternoon
a very large crowd was present. The day was perfectly
adapted for an outing, and the surroundings were made
the most of. Weather-beaten and bullet-scarred vet-
erans tumbled over each other in their efforts to crowd
into the cars of the roller coaster, and yelled with
delight as the swiftly-moving little vehicles carried
them in a spiral curve from a level with the tree-tops to
solid ground. There was also a circular arrangement
called a swing, the motion of which was very suggest-
ive of that which a skiff encounters in a heavy sea.
The swing was better patronized by old Sailors than
old Soldiers. A landsman ran bie chances of being:

130 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

made seasick by merely looking at the swingers in their
see-saw perambulations.

"Old Comrades stood in groups, and fought their
battles over again, and many a yarn was spun of
skirmish and siege, of rebel prison and daring escape.
Then came dinner, and the well-filled baskets provided
by wives and daughters were quickly emptied. After
dinner there was speech-making, and plenty of it,
and, of course, the Monument was the only topic
upon which the speakers talked. The Union placed
itself on record as unalterably in favor of the Square
as the proper site for the Monument. Several of the
speeches were decidedly personal in their trend, and
plentiful doses of hot shot were bestowed upon the
opponents of the Commissioners' plans. After the
business meeting and the speeches came the games,
and it was dusk when the veterans took up their
homeward march, well pleased with themselves and
their holiday.

" Promptly at 2:30 o'clock, the bugle for the second
time sounded the ' assembly,' and the members of the
Union gathered in the open pavilion to hold their
annual business meeting. President Pudney called the
meeting to order. The minutes of last year's session
were read and approved.

"The President delivered the opening address, in
which he said :

"'Comrades, Ladies and Gentlemen: I desire to
return sincere thanks for the honor of presiding over
this Union during the past year. Fourteen years ago,
1,300 of us met in Case Hall, with no other object in
view except that of forming an organization that should
unite the old Soldiers and Sailors. We represented
every State in the Union north of Mason and Dixon's
line, and some of the States south. We have met
every year since that time. The Soldiers' and Sailors'

INFANTRY EMBLEM IN CAPITAL.

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 133

Union of these United States is no sort of false organ-
ization. We have had drafted from onr ranks five
Presidents, in whom we have added to the roll of fame
as grand men as the world ever saw. We, as Soldiers,
have no reason to be ashamed of the record we have
made. Before we sprang into existence as soldiers, we
heard it said that there were no Soldiers like those
trained men who fought at Austerlitz, Waterloo, and
Balaklava. But at every field, from Bull Run to
Appomattox, the deeds of those men sunk into insig-
nificance as compared with what the Volunteer Soldiers
of America did. The State of Ohio and Cuyahoga
County had something to do and something to say in
every battle. Let us, as Soldiers and citizens, continue
to meet and perform our duties, and lawfully do those
things that are right, and thus continue to win a record
of which America may be proud.'

" Captain Levi F. Bauder was then introduced, and
read the report of the Monument Commission.

"'The tax levies provided for by law will produce
funds to complete the Monument according to the
designs. That the Memorial is not now entirely com-
pleted and dedicated, is wholly owing to litigation.
The City of Cleveland and the Williamson estate
brought suits to enjoin the Commission from erecting
the Monument on the site selected. The injunction
was granted by the Court of Common Pleas, and
the findings of that Court were affirmed by the Cir-
cuit Court. The matter was then carried to the Su-
preme Court, and the judgment of the lower Court
was reversed, the Commission winning a complete
victory.'

" Then followed the gist of the decision of the Su-
preme Court. Continuing, the report went on as
follows: 'This apparently disposes of the entire sub-
ject, so far as the rights of the Commission to select

134 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

and occupy the site selected, the southeast quarter of
the Public Square, are concerned. The Commission
naturally expected prompt and cheerful acquiescence
in the decision of the court of last resort in the State,
but it finds itself confronted with hostilities on every
hand. A demand upon the City to remove the statue
of Commodore Perry and a twenty-inch water pipe
which traverses the site was met by the Council with
a refusal to appropriate the necessary funds, and to
emphasize the act, it rescinded its permission to erect
the Monument on the Public Square. The Commission
thereupon held a meeting, and authorized the Executive
Committee to proceed with the actual work of erecting
a fence around the site, preliminary to excavating for
the foundations. We must act soon, because we have
$125,000 worth of material on hand. We have heard
intimations that the Commissioners would be prevented
by the police, by force, from erecting a fence around
the proposed excavation. The effort to build a fence
will be made in a few days, and if blood should be
spilled, we shudder to think of the consequences if
Colonel Gibbons, of the militia, should be ordered by
the Governor to charge bayonets on Director Gibbons,
of the police.'

" The reference to Colonel Gibbons' chances of ap-
pearing in a dual role met with much applause and
laughter. The report was unanimously adopted and
ordered spread upon the minutes. Captain Shields
immediately moved the appointment of a committee on
resolutions to express the Union's sentiments in regard
to the Monument question. The motion was adopted,
and Messrs. Shields, Phillips, Hubbard, Whittaker,
Armstrong, Fairbanks and Rrainard were appointed as
such committee. They retired to draft resolutions, and
the President then called for five-minute speeches from
members of the Union. Nearly all the speeches which

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 135

followed were of more than the allotted length, but the
orators were given full swing, and talked as long as
they had anything to say.

" Colonel C. C. Dewstoe was the first to rise to his
feet. He said that the fact that the Monument had not
been already erected was not the fault of the Com-
mission. 'As far back as October 30, 1879, at a meet-
ing held in Case Hall,' he continued, 'it was recom-
mended that the proposed Monument be erected in the
Public Square, and yet we have been lately accused of
springing that site on the public. Well, if it was
sprung, thirteen hundred people did the springing.'
Captain Dewstoe further said that the late Judge
Ranney, in giving his opinion of the right of the Com-
mission to build the Monument on the Square, used
these words: 'I have no more doubt of your right to
occupy the Square than I have of my right to occupy
the home I live in.' ' I never saw such pitiable, small,
narrow-minded pettifoggery as has been evidenced by
the City authorities in this matter,' continued Colonel
Dewstoe. ' The Director of Public Works says we may
have the right to build the Monument in the Square,
but we mustn't build a fence. The building laws say
we mustn't make an excavation without putting a
fence around it. A certain newspaper in this city has
decried the design of the Monument. I don't claim to
be an artist, or to be a judge of art, but I know that
Professor C. F. Olney, who is a critic above par, said
that he had never seen so beautiful a design, or one so
thoroughly correct, from an artist's standpoint, as that
of the Monument. I consider his opinion fully equal to
that of the artistic editor of the paper in question.
There has been a great deal of false sentiment created
against this Commission. Let the soldier element
make sentiment as well as those on the other side. I,
for one, believe the Monument should stand in the

136 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

Square. I believe it will stand there, and I believe we
will dedicate it next Spring.'

" Major W. J. Gleason was loudly called for. He
said that he wanted the talking to be done by members
of the Union outside of the Commission. l The Com-
mission have done a great deal of talking lately,' he
continued; 'but all our talk and all our work have been
fully and solely for the Soldiers and Sailors of this
county. We have no personal ends to serve. We are
doing a labor of love. We went along peacefully and
quietly for eleven years, and then, when we were ready
to build, we were stopped. It is well known that
Soldiers are law-abiding citizens. We therefore sub-
mitted to the law, and the law has sustained us. Now
we find a City Government that is doing all in its power
to evade the law. General Meyer was with us until he
got his $5,000 job from Mayor Rose. Since then he
has been the worst enemy we have had in the whole
business, and now, when he has been fairly whipped,
he tells Director Gibbons to arrest any one who goes on
with the work. You all know the truth about the
picayune newspaper that is trying to create sentiment
against the Commission. As an old journalist said :

'They're raising to sell a few papers.' If General

Meyer said that five-sixths of the Soldiers of the county
are not in favor of placing the Monument on the
Square, I don't believe he told the truth. I know he
hasn't told the truth in other instances. We have
representatives here to-day from all over the county. If
you will back us up, we'll do our duty, and carry out
the work with which we have been entrusted, despite
all of General Meyer's efforts.'

"There were calls for W. B. Higby when Major
Gleason concluded. ' The man who said that five-sixths
of the Soldiers don't want the Monument on the Square,'
said Mr. Higbv, ' never knew one-sixth as much as the

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 137

men of his own regiment knew on anyone subject. He
never had anything in common with his men.' The
speaker said that there were ' two colored gentlemen in
the woodpile,' as far as the City Government was con-
cerned. One was the street railroad interest, which
wanted the Monument put where it would cost money
to reach. The other was another branch of the street
railroad interest, which, sooner or later, according to
the speaker, intended to ask the City for permission to
run its cars diagonally across the Square. 'Don't
bother about the newspapers,' continued the orator.

' They always give us more than they do news. I

want to say that I'm with the Commission now, hence-
forth, and forever, amen.'

"The tall form of George A. Groot, Esq., was next
recognized by the Chairman. Mr. Groot's remarks were
chiefly directed against the City Government. ' If the
City authorities undertake to prevent the Commission
from occupying the Square,' he said, ' they will be
flying in the face of the law, and will be no better than
rioters. The resolution passed by the Council, the
other day, isn't worth the paper it was written on. I
want to say, here and now, that if this Commission is
made of the material I think it is, the Monument will

go in the Square in spite of , or, in other words, of

the City Government. [Applause.] Go on and remove
Perry's statue and the water pipe ; put them where they
ought to be, and sue the City for the bill. Then vou
will stand on the neck of the City of Cleveland. Go
forward ! If a policeman dares lay his hand on you, the
City will be responsible for damages for his unlawful
act.'

"Hon. J. Dwight Palmer was the next speaker.
'What is insurrection,' he said, 'if it isn't opposition to
the action of our Courts? The honorable position
taken by the Commission crowns its success with the

138 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

almost unanimous sympathy of the people of Cuyahoga
County. I hope no further interruption will impede the
rapid growth of this structure, and that by next Spring
it will stand on the Square in all its grandeur and
glory.'

"At this stage, the Committee on Resolutions pre-
sented their report, which was read by Mr. Phillips. It
was as follows:

"First. \Ye hail with satisfaction the decision of the Supreme
Court of our State, affirming in unmistakable language, in our
favor, all the various points involved in the erection and location of
our Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument, thus effectually and forever
closing the discussion as to the location of said Monument.

" Second. We heartily approve and endorse the quiet, manlv,
law-abiding, and patient course of our Monument Commission, in
carrying out our wishes and desires on this, to us, momentous
question, and promise them our united support in their conscien-
tious efforts to proceed upon the impregnable position accorded
them.

" Third. We view with apprehension and indignation the attitude
of the present Government of the City of Cleveland, in its undigni-
fied attempt to nullify the plain decree of the highest tribunal of
our State.

" Fourth. We insist as law-abiding citizens, who in the past
years freely and willingly risked their health, their limbs, and their
lives for the purpose of upholding the Constitution and laws and
their expounders, that this attempt to frustrate the dictates of the
law, to jeopardize all the work done, and all the money expended,
cease forthwith, believing in the doctrine that such a creation of
the law as a City Corporation should be the first to zealously uphold
laws and courts, its creators and preservers."

" The ayes and noes were called for on the adoption
of the resolutions. There was a mighty shout in favor
of their adoption, and one stentorian voice shouted
'no.' The resolutions were declared unanimously
carried. "

An occasional assertion was made in public and pri-
vate, by those opposed to the Monument site, that the
Soldiers of the county were divided in their sentiment.
To prove this to be utterly false, action was taken by

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 139

every Grand Army Post and every other Soldier organ-
ization in Cuyahoga County. The result was a univers-
al and unanimous approval of the site selected, and a
vigorous endorsement of the work of the Commission.
This action effectually spiked the strongest battery ot
the opposition.

On July 18th, the Leader published the following :
" The necessary preparations for the advance on the
Public Square have been completed by the Soldiers'
Monument Commission. Since the City shows a dispo-
sition to leave the statue of Commodore Perry undis-
turbed, the Commissioners have said that they will
attend to its removal. In anticipation of such action
on the part of the Commissioners, the City has stationed
a policeman on the Square with orders to prevent en-
croachment on the public domain. It has been decided
by the Commissioners to send a notice to the City au-
thorities announcing that they are about to proceed
with the erection of the Monument, and then begin the
work without further ceremony. The notice is awaited
with great interest by the City officials, as it is expected
to mark the beginning of actual hostilities. It has been
arranged that the notice shall be served to-day and
about the time it is delivered lumber will probably be
hauled to the Square. Then there will be an appeal to
the Courts and the judges will decide whether the City
can be required to remove the Perry statue and the
water main extending through the Square.

" Mr. Loren Prentiss, and Judge J. M. Jones, attorneys
for the Monument Commission, have prepared the no-
tice. Mr. Prentiss yesterday gave a reporter a copy of
the following legal opinion, drawn at the request of the
Commission, which will be submitted to the City au-
thorities with the notice :

" First. The Supreme Court having held the act of April 16, 1888,
constitutional and valid, and the Board of Monument Commissioners

140 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

appointed under it a legal and valid Board ; and also, as hereinafter
shown, that the Board, as such, have the right to locate and erect
the Monument upon the southeast section of the Square, without
the consent of the City, the Board have now the full right to take
possession of that site and proceed with the work of erecting a
Monument. Having such right, neither the Mayor, Director of
Public Works, nor of Law, nor of Police, nor any part of the police
force of the City, has any right or authority to forcibly interfere
with the Board, or any of its employes or contractors, to hinder, de-
lay, or prevent the doing of the work ; and anyone so interfering,
or advising, aiding or abetting the same, will be civilly and crimi-
nally liable, the same in all respects as any private person would be
under the same circumstances. They would have no official author-
ity or character in such a case, and would simply unlawfully array
themselves against the State and its laws, as private individuals, as
interpreted by the Supreme Court. In this we have assumed that
the parties were not acting under a warrant issued by any proper
Court ; and no such warrant could be legally issued without a
proper affidavit containing such statement of facts as would, if true,
constitute a criminal offense.

" If any such Court should be applied to for a warrant, it would
be bound to take notice of the statute under which the Commis-
sioners are acting, and also the decision of the Supreme Court con-
firming the rights and powers to so locate and erect the Monument,
and an affidavit which should ignore these facts, and charge those
acting under the Commissioners as wrong-doers, would be both
false and illegal.

" Second. Should there be any such forcible interference with-
out a writ, the Board and those employed under them would have
full right to use so much force as may be necessary to remove all
persons so interfering from the place where the work is being done.

" Third. The fact that a motion has been filed for a rehearing in
one of the cases in no way affects the rights and powers of the
Board, or anyone acting under them. Nor does the misapprehen-
sion, if any, of the Court, in its opinion, as to whether one member
of the Commission was or was not a member of the old Committee,
affect the rights of the Board or those acting under them. The
reasons of the Court for its decisiou are no part of the record, and
do not change or lessen its force and effect. The Court may give a
part or all of its reasons for a judgment rendered, or simply render
the proper judgment without giving any reason, as is done in the
Supreme Court in a large number of cases every year.

" The judgment, however, in all cases is supported by all the
reasons which may be gathered from the record, and all the pre-
sumptions are in its favor, and all questions actually involved and

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 141

decided in the case, and also all points or questions necessary to
the judgment rendered, are conclusively settled and adjudicated
and cannot again be called in question between the same parties or
those claiming under them.

" Fourth. Some of the points and questions, among others, so con-
clusively settled in these cases are the constitutionality and validity of
the statute, the legal validity of the Board of Commissioners, and their
right and power to so locate and erect the Monument on the south-
east section of the Square. All these points and questions were ex-
pressly made in the case, and were necessary to a judgment in favor
of the Commissioners. It was averred by the City and admitted by
the Commissioners that unless restrained by the injunction of the
Court they would take possession of that section of the Square, and
remove the Perry statue and erect the Monument there ; and the
vital question was whether they had the right and power to do so.
If they had not, the City was entitled to the permanent injunction
asked; but if they had such right, the judgment would be in their
favor and against the City, as it was in the Supreme Court, and this
decision, therefore, settles the law that the Commissioners have the
right to remove the Perry statue as one of the essential steps to-
wards the erection of the Monument. All this appears from the
record. But the power to remove the Perry statue, as well as any
other obstruction, is plainly conferred upon the Commissioners by
the statute, for it gives them full general power to so locate and
erect the Monument, and it is a fundamental principle that 'When-
ever the provision of the statute is general, everything which is
necessary to make such provision effectual is supplied by common
law or implication.' South. Stat. Con. Sec. 337.

" The power of the Monument Commissioners to remove the
Perry statue does not, therefore, depend upon the provision giving
them the right to require the City to remove it; but, on the con-
trary, the right to require the City to do it in no way lessens but, on
the contrary, recognizes the power of the Commissioners to remove
it; nor does their right to remove it in any way interfere with the
right of the City to place it in such new location as the City may see
fit. In short, the City having brought suit against the Monument
Commissioners denying their right to remove the Perry statue and
erect the Monument, and having been defeated in the Supreme
Court, cannot legally disregard the judgment by forcibly preventing
the doing of the work.

" Fifth. The talk about taking the cases to the Supreme Court
of the United States is entirely groundless. It cannot be taken
there without the allowance of a citation by some judge of that
Court, nor would it then interfere with work on the Monument un-
less a supersedeas bond should be given to cover all damages from

142 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

delay in case the suit should be dismissed. Besides, a motion to
dismiss could be filed at once, and we doubt not but that it would
be promptly dismissed on motion, for the reason that there is no
possible ground in the record for jurisdiction by the Supreme
Court. " L. Prentiss,

"J. M. Jones,

"Attorneys."

The Leader of the 19th published as follows :

" The ultimatum of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monu-
ment Commission was sent to the City officials yester-
day. Timely notice was given that an advance on the
Public Square would be made at 9 o'clock this morn-
ing. Since the question has arisen whether they have
the right to enclose the section of the Square to be de-
voted to the Monument, the Commissioners have decided
upon other tactics. Unless a change is made at the
last moment, no lumber wagons will cut a figure in the
ranks of the advancing hosts. They will attempt to
assert their authority to the Square by having an en-
gineer survey the ground. An interesting feature of
the program is a call for a meeting of the Commis-
sioners to be held on the Square at 9:30 o'clock this
morning. The idea is that if arrests are made the pris-
oners should include all the Commissioners.

" Director Gibbons has notified the police to arrest
all persons trespassing on the Square.

" The line of action has therefore been fully deter-
mined by each side and it only remains to carry out the
program.

" The following is a copy of the notice sent to the

Citv officials : „ - T . 0 „

" Ci/eveeand, July 18, 1892.

11 To the Mayor, Director 0/ Public Works, of Law, and of Police of
the City of Cleveland.

" The Board of Monument Commissioners have been informed
that you have advised and propose to interfere with and prevent by
force the commencement of the work for the erection of the pro-
posed Monument by them as such Commissioners on the southeast
section of the Public Square, and you are hereby furnished with a

ARTILLERY EMBLEM IN CAPITAL.

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 145

copy of the legal opinion of their attorneys on the subject, denying
your right to thus interfere ; and they earnestly protest against any
such interference. To avoid any excuse for any such interference,
and to give you ample time for any legal action in the premises, you
are hereby notified that such work will be commenced on said south-
east section of the said Square by the direction and authority of the
Board of Monument Commissioners, at 9 o'clock A. M., to-morrow,
Tuesday, by Levi T. Scofield, W. J. Gleason, E. H. Bohm, James
Hayr, L. F. Bauder, C. C. Dewstoe, E. W. Force and J. J. Elwell.
" The Board of Monument Commissioners,
" By L. Prentiss and J. M. Jones,
" Their Attorneys.

" The call for the meeting of the Commissioners is as
follows :

" The Cuyahoga County Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument Com-
mission will meet on the southeast section of the Public Square at
9:30 A. M., July 19, 1892. By order of

"\Y. J. GLEASON, President.

''Levi F. Bauder, Secretary.

"The members of the City Council lined up in battle
array last evening and determined to fight for the Public
Square to the end. No quarter (not even the southeast
one) is to be given, and the fight is to be waged, if nec-
essary, with all the resources of the City. At last even-
ing's meeting of the Council, Air. Wilhelm submitted a
declaration in behalf of the City, in the form of a resolu-
tion, which read as follows :

"Resolved, That the Corporation Counsel be and he is hereby
authorized and directed to institute and prosecute such proceedings
at law or in equity in the proper court or courts, as shall, or in his
judgment may, prevent the occupation of the southeast section of
the Public Square as a site for the proposed Soldiers' Monument,
and to prevent any interference with the water main or the statue
of Commodore Perry, now located and remaining therein, until such
time as the said water main and statue shall have been removed
therefrom by the Director of Public Works in due course of law.
Nothing, however, in this resolution contained shall be held to au-
thorize the Director of Police to permit any interference with the
said southeast section of the Public Square, or the placing of any
obstructions whatever thereon until the said Director of Public
Works shall have so removed the said water main and statue there-
from.

146 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

" Dr. Beeman was on his feet at once. ' The Coun-
cil,' he said, ' has no business to interfere with the erec-
tion of the Soldiers' Monument, and the Supreme Court
has said so. It is buncombe, and I fail to see why we
should give it any attention.'

" Mr. Wilhelm — l It is not buncombe. We are threat-
ened with an invasion of the Public Square, and it is
our duty to resist it.'

" Mr. Straus — ' I am, and have been, opposed to plac-
ing the Monument in the Square, and I favored the
appeal to the Supreme Court. The Court has passed
upon the case, and I do not believe that we are taking
the part of good citizens or representatives of good citi-
zens in now opposing that decision. We were not long
ago decrying the acts of strikers in disregarding the
law, and now we are strikers against the law of the
land.'

" Mr. Herbert — ' Is the City in a position to legally
keep the Monument off the Square?'

" General Meyer — ' The Supreme Court, in deciding
the case, says that the Legislature has the right, inde-
pendent of the City, to authorize the placing of the
Monument on the Public Square. The statute author-
izes the use of the Square, and says that on the written
demand of the Monument Commissioners, when duly
organized, on the Board of Park Commissioners, whose
authority has passed to the Director of Public Works,
the statue of Commodore Perry and all other obstruc-
tions shall be removed from the southeast section of the
Square. No authority is given for the removal of the
Perry statue or other obstructions by the Monument
Commissioners or anyone else except the Director of
Public Works. The excavation for the Monument will
require a shutting off of the water main, thus depriving
a large number of people of their water supply and sub-
jecting the most valuable part of the City to destruction

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 147

by fire. Since the Monument Commission was created,
the Legislature has passed a law making it a penal
offense for a City Director to expend any money except
for the purpose for which it was expressly appropriated.
Before the Director of Public Works can remove the
statue it will be necessary for the Council to provide
money for that purpose. It rests with the Council to
say what shall be done in that regard. It is the duty
of the Directors of Public Works and of Law to protect
and maintain the Perry statue until, by due process of
law, it can be removed from the Public Square. It cer-
tainly was never contemplated that the safety of this
City should be jeopardized by the hasty action of the
Monument Commission. If the Council sees fit to re-
scind the action of last week and orders the Director of
Police to withdraw police protection- from the Square,
I have nothing to say. I have given my professional
opinion and am ready to make it good.'

" Dr. Beeman — 'According to General Meyer's opin-
ion, there is nothing for us to do except to appropriate
money to remove the obstructions in the Square. I can-
not see what this resolution has to do with it.'

" Mr. Herbert — ' I voted for the resolution to keep the
Soldiers' Monument off the Public Square with my eyes
wide open. I do not believe that the Monument could
be shown there to good advantage. I believe that
General Meyer should be authorized to keep the Monu-
ment off the Square.'

" Mr. Straus — ' I would like to hear from the Director
of Public Works about the removal of the water main.'

" Director Herrick — ' Hasty action on the part of the
Monument Commissioners might seriously discommode
a large number of people. The removal of water mains
is attended with danger, and this one has been in the
ground since 1857. The lowest amount for which we
can remove the main, provided the Monument Commis-

148 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

sioners permit us to use part of the southeast quarter of
the Square, will be $2,000. If we haYe to take it around
Bond Street the cost will be $7,000. It will require at
least five weeks to do the work. Unless care is taken
there may be serious results.'

" Clerk Burgess read the notice of the Commissioners
that they would occupy the Square at 9 o'clock this
morning.

" Mr. Wilhelm — 'And it was to prevent them that this
resolution was presented.'

" A vote was taken on the resolution and it was
adopted. Yeas, 12 ; nays, 7."

We call particular attention here to the statement of
Director Herrick as to the difficulty and cost of remov-
ing the water main, and the time it would take. We
shall truthfullv show later on that he was throwing sand
in the eyes of the members of the Council, or he was
prevaricating, and further, that he did not know what
he was talking about. The members of the City Coun-
cil and Board of Control, pursuant to law, took an oath
"to support the Constitution and Laws of the United
States and of the State of Ohio," but they seemed to
forget or ignore that fact when they were acting on the
Statutes of Ohio as to the rights, under the law, of the
Monument Commission.

We reproduce a Cleveland World editorial of July
17th, clearly condemning the illegal proceedings of the
City officials:

'The by-play between the City authorities on one
side and the Soldiers' Monument Commission on the
other is interesting as a spectacle, but its result is
worry and bitterness, without any corresponding gain.

' The City granted the use of the Square to the Com-
mission once, and objection to such use was not raised
until too late to amount to anything. The City has no
legal right to interfere after the Supreme Court has de-

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 149

cided in favor of the Commission, nor has it ethical
right to withdraw the permission given years ago, and
under which a great amount of money has been ex-
pended. The City administration has been beaten in
this, as in nearly everything else which it has under-
taken, and its attempt to blind the public eye to the
fact can only result in making the defeat more ap-
parent.

"Under the Supreme Court's decision, it appears that
the City has no jurisdiction over the Square, which was
given to the general public by the original owners for
public purposes. The general public was not consulted
except through its representatives in the Legislature
when the site was given to the Monument Commission.
No protest was made at the time of the passage of the
act by the Legislature, and the general public thus lost
its right to object for all time."

After a few days' rest, the contest was again renewed.
We quote from the Plain Dealer of Jul}- 20th :

" The warriors invaded the sanctified southeast section
of the Public Square at 9:30 o'clock, Tuesday morning,
and daringly trampled all over Mr. Herrick's green
grass and scornfully brushed against his lovely flower
beds. They boldly surveyed the section — actually meas-
ured its length and breadth and depth before the eyes
of fifty paralyzed policemen — and drove one stake in
the sod, but like the king of France, who, with 40,000
men marched up a hill and then inarched down again,
they immediately pulled it up again, for at that moment
Attorney Loren Prentiss appeared upon the scene and
announced that Gen. Meyer had applied to the Court
for a restraining order, and added that by mutual con-
sent hostilities would cease until Thursday morning,
when a hearing will be had.

" All night policemen had guarded the Square in
order not to be taken by surprise. At 9:00 o'clock,

150 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

Capt. Henry Hoehn arrived from the City Armory with
thirty policemen and placed them under the direct
charge of Lieuts. Koch, Bradley and Wagner. Shortly
thereafter Col. Gibbons strode upon the Square. He
was a regular Pooh Bah, for he was present in his mani-
fold capacity as Director of the Police Force, Chief of
the Health Department and Colonel of the Fifth Regi-
ment. Personally he claimed to be serving in the
health branch of the City with special regard to the
physical welfare of the warriors. Promptly at 9:30
o'clock, Capt. Levi T. Scofield, Major W. J. Gleason,
Gen. James Barnett, Capt. E. H. Bohm, Gen. Elwell,
C. C. Dewstoe; James Hayr, E. W. Force and L. F.
Bander appeared and assumed a commanding attitude
upon the green patch directly north of the Perry Monu-
ment. Capt. Scofield unrolled a large parchment, ex-
hibiting the ground plan of the Monument. The eyes
of the policemen bulged out and the massive chest of
Col. Gibbons heaved like the billows of the ocean.
Frank Merchant and C. C. Merchant, two surveyors,
stuck their transits in the ground and prepared to take
measurements. A light, glittering line of tape was run
along the northerly section of the Square, then the
westerly and then the southerly ends. Still Col. Gibbons
remained passive, though the Commissioners were walk-
ing all over the section with twenty newspaper men at
their heels. By this time an immense throng had
gathered and lined the diagonal and circumferential
sidewalks of the section. The police could do nothing
with the Commissioners, so they resolved to exercise
their authority upon the people. The mandate became
' Move 011/ The people moved — a slow, lethargic,
phlegmatic sort of a move— but the crowd increased
rather than diminished, and it was soon apparent that
they were moving around and through the section and
not away from it. This merry go round kept up steadily

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 151

until the war was over. The police were powerless to
help it. They could order the people to move, but they
could not direct which way they should move. Around
and around they went, laughing, talking and gesticulat-
ing. After the ground had been most boldly and fear-
lessly measured by the warriors, the surveyors prepared
to drive a stake adjoining the outside sidewalk directly
south of the Perry Monument. The purpose of this
stake was merely to guide the workmen in their meas-
urements. It was then proposed that some chalk be
procured and the site for the esplanade and Memorial
structure be marked upon the sod. When Col. Gibbons
heard that the warriors proposed to draw a horrible
chalk line upon the grass and thus disfigure its beauty,
he realized that the time for action had come.

" ' Order the people off the grass,1 said he.

" ' Get off the grass,' said Capt. Hoehn, but his voice
was almost inaudible and the Commission did not hear it.

" Park Tender J. H. Wahn approached the resolute
warriors, who were huddled in a heap holding a con-
clave, and ordered them away. They bravely stood
their ground. He repeated his demand, but the war-
riors calmly continued their deliberations and did not
budge. Then Wahn, being single-handed, retired from
the field. By this time the crowd, impatient that the
scrap had been so tame and bloodless, left the Square
in disgust and declared that the show was not worth
the price of admission.

" Before the chalk could be secured, Attorney Loren
Prentiss came over from the Court House and an-
nounced that Gen. Meyer had applied for a temporary
restraining order. The order had not been granted,
but Mr. Prentiss said that he had agreed that the Com-
mission would postpone action until a hearing was had.
The Commission instantly resolved to vacate the Square
until Thursdav morning. It was at this interesting

152 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

stage that the surveyor was espied busily driving the
preliminary stake adjoining the southerly sidewalk of
the section. The policemen stared at him in wonder.
Capt. Scofield bade him take it out again, which he did,
and everyone then left the Square.

" Major W. J. Gleason and Mr. R. R. Herrick had
an impromptu talk during the exodus. Mr. Herrick
boasted that the Commission had done nothing, and
Major Gleason replied that the Commission had de-
monstrated its right to occupy the Square. Mr. Herrick
laughed. Major Gleason smiled. Mr. Herrick said
that he had read in the morning papers that all the old
vSoldiers had been ordered out.

u< That is not so,' said Major Gleason. ' The notice
was to the Monument Commission only.1

"Corporation Counsel Meyer arose on Thursday
morning before the traditional lark and let himself in
his office in the grey of the dawning. Before ordinary
people had got to work he had drafted a petition to en-
join the Monument Commissioners from removing Com-
modore Perry or in any way starting upon the work of
erecting the Soldiers' Monument upon the southeast
corner of the Public Square. This clone, he called
Judge Noble by telephone just as that jurist was sitting
down to breakfast, and asked him if he could be in
court earlier in the morning than usual. Judge Noble
replied over the wire that he would be on hand at 9:00
o'clock, one hour earlier than usual, and instructed
Gen. Meyer to notify the other side to be present also.

il When Judge Noble reached his court room, he found
Mr. Loren Prentiss for the Monument Commission and
Gen. Meyer for the City both present. Without more
ado Gen. Meyer proceeded to the reading of his petition.

" The title of the petition was: The City of Cleveland,
plaintiff, vs. Levi T. Scofield, James Hayr, William J.
Gleason, Levi F. Bauder, J. B. Molyneaux, Edward H.

CAVALRY EMBLEM IN CAPITAL.

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 155

Bohm, Emory W. Force, Charles C. Dewstoe, R. W.
Walters, J. J. Elwell, M. D. Leggett and James Barnett,
defendants. In effect, its provisions were as follows:

" The plaintiff, the City of Cleveland, says that it is
a Municipal Corporation duly incorporated and organ-
ized under the laws of the State of Ohio, and as such
is a City of the second grade of the first class, and is
situated within said Cuyahoga County. That within
the corporate limits of said City is situated a certain
tract of land about ten acres in area, square in form,
and divided into four nearly equal sections by two
streets of said City known as Superior and Ontario
Streets, passing through the same from east to west and
north to south respectively, and intersecting near the
center of said tract of land. That said tract of land
was, at a remote date, to-wit, about the first day of Octo-
ber, 1796, duly dedicated to public use as a Public
Square by the then owners thereof, the Connecticut
Land Company, and the same is now and has ever since
said remote date been used and enjoyed by the inhabit-
ants of said City and the public as such Public Square.
That ever since the incorporation and organization of
said municipal corporation as a village in 1816, and
which under the provisions of law later became such
City of the second grade of the first class, said land has
been under the charge and control of said corporation
and has continuously been and still is being preserved
and maintained by it through its duly constituted
authorities for said purpose as a Public Square, with
public walks and highways for foot passengers for the
use of its citizens and the public, and has expended
large sums of money in its maintenance and preserva-
tion and has greatly beautified and embellished the
same. Besides other improvements, walks, some fifteen
feet in width, traverse the southeast section of the
Square, diagonally from northwest to southeast and

156 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

from northeast to southwest, which are used daily by
many thousands of people in passing over said Square,
and have been so used for nearly a century. That in
said southeast section of said Public Square there is,
and for more than ten years has been located and main-
tained by the said City, a large water main pipe, twenty
inches in diameter, which traverses the said section
from said northwesterly corner to the southeasterly cor-
ner thereof, which is, and for many years has been,
continually used by said City to supply water to its
citizens and for fire extinguishing and other purposes,
and that a very large part of the said City and residents
thereof are wholly dependent for their water supply
upon said main pipe. That R. R. Herrick, at the time
of the commencement of this action, was and is the duly
appointed, qualified, and acting Director of Public
Works of said City, and as such then was and is in
charge of said Public Square and all other Parks of said
City. That said defendants claim to have organized
themselves as a Commission or body for the purpose of
erecting a large stone Monument in said City in mem-
ory of the Soldiers and Sailors of said County who
were engaged in the late Civil War, and claim to have
been appointed for said purpose by the Governor of said
State, under the laws thereof. That the defendants
have selected as a site on which to erect said Monument
said southeast section of said Square without the con-
sent and against the protest of said plaintiff, and now
threaten to and unless restrained therefrom by this
Court will seize and by force and without warrant of
law at once erect upon said southeast section of said
Public Square said Monument, and in excavating for
the foundations thereof, destroy the said water main
and thereby cut off the water supply and subject the
said large part of said City to great danger of destruc-
tion by fire. That said proposed Monument will oc-

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 157

cupy about ninety-five feet square of said section as an
esplanade raised some five feet or more above its present
level and above part of the surrounding ground, and
about ten feet above the remainder thereof; on said
esplanade will be erected a granite building forty-six
feet square and about twenty-six feet in height, and in
the center of said building will be erected a granite
shaft 128 feet in height and twelve feet in diameter at
the base. Upon the four sides of said esplanade will be
constructed and erected heavy stone pedestals, each
eighteen feet in length, seven feet in width, and ten feet
in height, and upon each a group of figures in bronze
of heroic size. That on said section of said Public
Square there has long since been erected at great cost
a stone statue of the late Commodore Perry, which is
mounted upon large stone pedestals, the dimensions of
which are at the base 11 8-10 feet by ten feet, and in-
clusive of the said statue some twenty-three feet in
height, all of which said structure now occupies a part
of the site selected as aforesaid by said defendants for
said proposed Monument, and will, unless defendants
are restrained by this Court as hereinafter prayed, be
removed by force by said defendants.

" Plaintiff further says that by the provisions of the
statute under which said defendants claim to act, the
Governor of said State was authorized and required to
appoint twelve persons, to be selected by him from the
members of the Monumental Committee of the Cuya-
hoga County Soldiers' and Sailors' Union ; that but
eleven of the defendants were members of said Com-
mittee at the time of their appointment by the said
Governor, and that one of said defendants, the said
M. D. Leggett, was not at the time of his appointment
by said Governor as a member of said Monument Com-
mission or at any time a member of said Commission.
Plaintiff says that said Commission is not now and has

158 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

at no time been lawfully appointed by said Governor,
or in any manner lawfully appointed, organized, or
qualified, and is wholly without lawful power or
authority to act as, or discharge the duties imposed
upon said Commission by law. Plaintiff further says
that by the terms of said statute the said Director of
Public Works of said City is authorized and required,
upon demand in writing by the Monument Commission
created thereby, to remove from said southeast section
of said Square the said monument of Commodore Pern-,
and all other obstructions now in said section, and is
ready and willing to cause such removal whenever such
lawful demand shall be made upon him by a duly ap-
pointed and organized Monument Commission as pro-
vided in said statute ; but plaintiff avers that no such
lawful demand has ever been made by such Commission.

" Plaintiff further avers that it will require a number
of weeks to remove said monument of Commodore
Perry, and said water main from said section, and that
before the said water main can be so removed without
irreparable loss and injury to said City and the inhabit-
ants thereof it will be necessary to open up said
Superior Street and lay a water main of similar size
around said section to the southeast corner thereof and
to Euclid Avenue in said City, and that unless this
Court shall restrain the defendants from so doing said
defendants will at once take forcible possession of said
section and unlawfully remove said statue of said Com-
modore Perry, and injure, remove and destroy said
water main now in said section, to the irreparable in-
jury and damage of said plaintiff, its inhabitants, and
the public, and have so threatened, and still threaten so
to do, and that plaintiff is wholly without adequate
remedy at law.

11 Wherefore plaintiff prays that pending the final
hearing hereof each of the said defendants be restrained

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 159

from taking possession of or in any manner interfer-
ing with or obstructing any part of said southeast sec-
tion of said Public Square ; from in any manner remov-
ing or interfering with the said monument or statue of
Commodore Perry or the pedestal upon which said
statue stands; and from in any manner interfering with
or removing the said water main or any part thereof in
said section of said Public Square; and that upon final
hearing the said defendants may each be perpetually
enjoined in said particulars and for such other and
further relief as the plaintiff may be entitled to.

" Edward S. Mever,
" Corporation Counsel, Attorney for Plaintiff."

"Having made his points and read his petition, Gen.
Meyer was about to proceed to argue for a temporary
restraining order. Mr. Prentiss stated that he would
obviate the necessity of doing this at that time by prom-
ising that the Commission would do nothing more till
the motion for a restraining order could be heard.
Meanwhile he wanted time to prepare and file an an-
swer.

" Gen. Meyer was perfectly satisfied with this prom-
ise and by agreement the hearing was set for Thursday
morning, at 10 o'clock. Mr. Prentiss at once repaired
to the Public Square and notified all hands to stop pro-
ceedings."

The scenes in the Court Room next day were graph-
ically written up in the same journal as follows :

" Thursday morning was the appointed hour when
the legal hosts of the City and the Monument Commis-
sioners were to meet in Judge Noble's Court and battle
for the possession of the Public Square.

" The first to appear were Gen. J. J. Elwell and Capt.
E. H. Bohm, the latter loaded down with law books.
Soon afterwards, Judge J. M. Jones, one of the Com-
missioners' counsel, came, and shortly afterwards his

l6o HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

colleague, Mr. Loren Prentiss, came also. About that
time Judge Noble appeared and after several other
members of the Commission had arrived, Gen. Meyer
and his colleague, Mr. H. A. Kelley, entered and made
up the proper quota for the hearing.

"Judge Noble said:

" ' Gentlemen, are you ready to proceed with the case
of the City against Gleason and others ? '

" 'We are, your honor,' said Mr. Prentiss.

" ' We are not, may it please the Court,' said Gen.
Meyer. ' The defendants herein filed an answer and a
cross-petition yesterday afternoon asking that we be en-
joined from interfering with them, and a copy of the
answer and cross-petition was furnished us at about 4
o'clock yesterday afternoon. That cross-petition con-
tains averments that will require some research and
preparation on our part to meet. Moreover, informa-
tion came to me last evening — I state it professionally —
that will necessitate adding further causes of action to
the petition. As to the averment that Gen. Leggett
was properly appointed a member of the Monument
Commission, it may be necessary to have Gen. Leggett
here as a witness ; possibly not, but it may be. Gen.
Leggett is not in the city. I cannot proceed to this
hearing with any justice to the City, at this time.'

,l Mr. Prentiss took the floor and at some length argued
that the decision of the Supreme Court in the former
case was a plea in bar in this. He said that no new
points were made in this petition except perhaps that
of the water main, and that that also might be considered
as covered under the general question of obstructions
in the former suit. In conclusion, Mr. Prentiss said :

" 'The City is merely asking this continuance as it is
fighting this thing all along, simply to put matters off
until by crook or hook it can ultimately and forever
prevent our going on the Square with that Monument,

SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS' MONUMENT. l6l

and defeat the purpose and order of the Supreme
Court.'

"'Mr. Prentiss' statement,' said Gen. Meyer, 'that
the City is striving- to prevent this Commission from
ever placing that Monument in the Square is true. The
City is trying through lawfully constituted channels, the
Courts, to prevent the unlawful use of that Square. As
to their plea in bar, your honor can readily see that in
the proper presentation of that subject alone to the
Court, the City should have ample opportunity for prep-
aration. Were that the only question in the case that
should be so.'

"Mr. Prentiss: 'Didn't you know when you filed
your petition that you would have to meet the Supreme
Court record ? '

" ' I am addressing the Court, and not answering
questions,' said Gen. Meyer. ' With your permission, I
will continue making my observations to the bench. I
do not know what you intended doing. Last night I
heard what you had done. I know this, that I must
support the allegations to my petition.'

" Judge Jones : ' Allegations all covered in your
former petition, and therefore you must have known
that you had to meet a plea in bar.'

" At this point several attorneys began to talk at
once, and Judge Noble rapped on the bench with his
pencil and said : ' One at a time, if you please, gentle-
men.'

" 'I want to state,' said Gen. Meyer, 'what I learned
last night. There are still four installments of taxes to
be levied for the purpose of constructing this Monu-
ment. These gentlemen have gone ahead and made
contracts for work on the Monument on which there is
due and payable the sum of about $17,000. And there
is on hand less than $13,000 to pay this with.'

" Mr. Prentiss objected to Gen. Meyer going so deep

l62 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

into the contro\-ersy on an application to continue.
Judge Noble overruled him and Gen. Meyer continued,
saying that the County Commissioners had not a right
to levy tax except for police purposes. He said that
because the City had, under the special Soldiers' Monu-
ment statute, to accept the Monument when completed
and pay a man to take care of it, that was no reason
why it should be fenced out of the Public Square for
four years because the Monument was incomplete on
account of lack of funds to complete it.'

" Mr. Prentiss said that the case at bar was for in-
junction and not intended to bring the Commission to
an account as to how it handled its funds. i\ny suit to
enjoin the tax levy for Monument purposes would have
to be directed against the County Commissioners. Mr.
Prentiss was satisfied the tax was valid and the point
was only a new technicality, one of which the City
seemed able to find every day.

' ' Gen. Meyer has traveled outside the record,' said
Mr. Prentiss, ' and I want to travel outside of it also in
replying to him. The City made its preparations to
treat us as criminals and even threatened the arrest of
any member of the Commission who should venture to
go upon the Public Square, even to survey ; and this
right in the face of the Supreme Court decision. It
doesn't sound very well for the gentleman to get up
and talk about what we are doing after what he and his
colleagues have been doing, and besides which, it's not
true and we deny every word of it. No doubt his peti-
tion was hastily drawn. He had been preparing to treat
us as rowdies and lawless persons and consequently
when we served notice on him what we intended to do
he had to get up in the middle of the night to change
his tactics and hastily draw a petition.'

" Gen. Meyer : ' He has neither changed his plans
nor his orders.'

NAVY EMBLEM IX CAPITAL.

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 165

'"The trouble with you people is that you can't prop-
erly make the County Commissioners parties to this
suit,' said Prentiss. 'The attorneys in the office of the
City Solicitor get to think that whatever they say is
law, must be law.'

" Gen. Meyer : ' As a matter of course, I don't intend
making the County Commissioners parties to this ac-
tion. I merely want to set forth the facts I stated and
adduce them as a reason why the defendants should
not be permitted to go upon that part of the Square.'

"Mr. Prentiss: 'And in justice to my clients I want
to say that your statement with reference to our finances
is very largely erroneous.'

" Gen. Meyer (sarcastically) : ' Very largely.'

"Mr. Prentiss: 'We have $28,000 in the treasury,
now.'

" Judge Noble said he thought the showing justified
a short continuance. Gen. Meyer asked that it be till
a week from Monday. Judge Jones objected to any-
thing like so long a continuance, saying :

" 'No anarchistic tendency should be tolerated. We
are at the end of a successful law suit and there should
be no effort to fly in the face of the Supreme Court.1

" Gen. Meyer : ' I think you are at the beginning of
a law suit.'

"Judge Jones: 'We are at the end of one. The
spectacle of an attempted nullification of the Supreme
Court should be put an end to.'

" Finally the hearing was continued till next Thurs-
day morning at 10 o'clock. The question was raised as
to whether the Monument Commissioners would still
agree to do nothing on the Square and save the neces-
sity of the Court making an order. Capt. Scofield ob-
jected and Judge Jones, in arguing with him, said sotto
voce : ' You don't understand.'

" ' I understand that man well enough,' said Capt.

l66 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

Scofield, red and trembling with rage and pointing at
Gen. Meyer.

" ' A few days will make no difference,' expostulated
Judge Jones.

" ' Yes, it will. We had better look up this matter of
contempt a little,' quoth Scofield.

" Finally an agreement was made and nothing more
will be done on the Square for a week."

One of our ablest lawyers paid his respects to the
City Government in The World of July 26th, as follows :

" Judge Seneca O. Griswold, an old resident of Cleve-
land, who is visiting in the city at the present time,
thinks the opposition to putting the Soldiers' Monu-
ment in the Public Square is one of the most singular
and at the same time outrageous things he ever heard
of. He says that Trafalgar Square, in London, is not
nearly so large as our Public Square, yet through it pass
more people in one day than pass through our Square
in a week and a large part of that square is occupied by
the Wellington Monument. The opposition of the City
Government to the construction of the Monument in
the face of a plain statute of the Legislature and the
decision of the Supreme Court, Judge Griswold says, is
absolutely immoral and ought to subject those who thus
contest the carrying out of plain statute law to impeach-
ment proceedings."

XIII.

WE proceed with our history. The hearing of the
case before Judge Noble was resumed on July
27th. The many mysterious movements of the City
authorities were at last brought to the surface. The
sly joker that Director Meyer had so long carefully hid-
den up his sleeve was taken out and exposed to the full
view of the Court. We let the Plain Dealer, of July
28th, describe the playing of Gen. Meyer's trump card :

" The hearing in the matter of the application of the
City for an injunction against the Soldiers' and Sailors'
Monument Commission was continued before Judge No-
ble Thursday morning. Gen. Meyer asked for another
delay, and at times during the proceeding the counsel
on both sides indulged in some pretty strong language,
Judge Jones being especially fiery in his remarks as to
the methods of the representatives of the City. When
Court convened, Gen. Meyer read the amended petition
of the City, setting forth the grounds on which they
asked the injunction. He was followed by Attorney
Prentiss, who read the answer and cross-petition of the
Commission. When he had finished, Gen. Meyer asked
for further delay in the matter. He claimed that for one
reason they had not been given a chance to prepare an
answer to the cross-petition, and further, that for the
Court to properly pass upon the matter, it would be
necessary to first hear the case of the City against the
County Commissioners, the County Treasurer, the
County Auditor and Capt. Levi T. Scofield, and the
other members of the Monument Commission.

"This is the document that was filed at 6:10 o'clock

l68 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

Wednesday evening by Michael P. Mooney, second as-
sistant Corporation Counsel, and is brought to enjoin
the further levy and collection of the tax and the pay-
ment to the Monument Commission of the balance now
in the treasury, and the issuing of any county bonds in
anticipation of the collection of such a tax.

" With this case pending, Gen. Meyer held that
it was impossible to come to a decision in the first
case and he asked the Court to allow the hearing of
that case first.

"Judge Jones most emphatically objected to any
further postponement and insisted that the hearing of
the first case be continued. ' We have had enough of
this delay,' he said. ' We have been struggling for
twelve years to put up this Monument. There is not a
single thing in this petition that has not been adjudi-
cated. They have constantly shifted their position.
They told your honor that they were going to make a
strong point against Leggett, knowing that that point
had been worn threadbare. After begging, almost on
their knees, to have this hearing postponed in order to
give them time to bring in testimony, they now come
here without any testimony and seek to present entirely
different grounds for action. This is a nice way to
fight a battle ; to be constantly shifting their position
in the face of the enemy. We have had enough of this
delay and nothing to warrant it. The only thing that
has not been litigated in the Supreme Court is the mat-
ter of the water pipes, and they were there when the
first suit was begun. Then was their time to mention
them, and not now.

' 'To-day they abandon all this and bring forward en-
tirely different grounds. They say that they have one
ground. ' You have not a great deal of money, and we
are going to stop your getting any more.' You ask
that this hearing be stopped because you are going to

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 169

stop our money. You want the cover of darkness to
keep you away from fighting this case. Does he mean
to say that this can not go forward because another
suit has been brought forward ? They have been try-
ing to bring some John Smith forward to try the legality
of the tax. Why not let us proceed? They began
the suit and it was carried to the Supreme Court and
decided against them, and in face of that they seek to
try it all over again.

" You (to Gen. Meyer) abandoned your position to ar-
rest these venerable men, and well for you that you
did. It has not got to such a point where any Director
of Public Works or any satellite of the Board of Direct-
ors dare defy the Supreme Court. I hope never again
to see such another defiance of the Supreme Court. If
the Court dissolves this injunction, I will go out with
my gun to resist the arrest by the police of anyone
working at the Monument.

" Gen. Meyer here remarked to the Judge that he was
not responsible for the remarks he was making.

" ' I am responsible,' said Judge Jones, ' for what I
say, and will meet you on any battlefield and will put a
hole through you, too, and the City will have to have a
new City Solicitor.'

" ' They want to beat us by hook or by crook,' said
Judge Jones. ' They have already invented two
schemes since the last hearing, and if it is postponed
again they will have another. I hope they will be
compelled to come forward and make their defense.
The law forbids his bringing this suit. We think we
ought to be allowed to, go forward.'

" The reasons for asking for a delay were again stated
by Gen. Meyer and Mr. Kelley. If the case was to go
on, they wished time to prepare an answer to the cross-
petition.

" Judge Noble finally granted them until Friday

i;o HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

morning to prepare their answer and gather their
testimony.

" Gen. Meyer, then in behalf of the City, asked for a
temporary restraining order in the injunction against
the county officers and Monument Commission. The
Court held that as all the defendants had not been
served with notices, he could not grant such order.
They were given until 2 o'clock, and at that time the
hearing was postponed and will be heard in connection
with the other case Friday morning."

A private conference was held by the attorneys at
the residence of Commissioner Barnett, and is herewith
given, simply to show how anxious the City authorities
were to compromise. Attorney Prentiss communicated
the following to the Leader on August 1st.

" To the Editor of the Leader :

" Your paper of Saturday contains the version of Gen. Meyer or
Director Herrick of an interview at Gen. Barnett's house, among
these three gentlemen, at which I was present. I attended the con-
ference at the instance of Gen. Meyer, and expressly stated that I
had no authority to represent the Monument Commission in that
matter, and could attend simply as an individual, with the under-
standing that if anything practical should be suggested by him and
Mr. Herrick on the subject of the location of the Monument, Gen.
Barnett would call the attention of the Commission to it. I do not
know whether he regarded the suggestions made such as to make it
worth while to call the attention of the Monument Commission to
it or not. I mentioned the fact of the interview to the President of
the Board, and explained the substance of what was proposed by
the Directors of Law and Public Works. They proposed that a vote
of the County should be taken at the November election simply for
and against the Square, and that if the majority favored that site all
opposition should be withdrawn, but if against it, that the Monu-
ment should not be placed there, and that the City would, in that
event, bind itself to provide a satisfactory site. I replied that such
a vote, if adverse to the present site, would leave the Commission
entirely at sea; and furthermore that, on such a vote, everybody
who wanted it on the West Side, or South Side, or East Side, or out
in the country, would vote against the present site. That, if any-
thing were to be submitted to a vote, it should be between some
two sites to be agreed upon for that purpose, so that the vote would

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 171

finally decide the location ; for instance, between two different sec-
tions of the Square. Gen. Meyer had suggested the location at the
foot of Ontario Street, between Lake and Summit Streets, and
stated that, if that would be a satisfactory location, the City would
appropriate about one hundred and fifty feet of land on each side of
Ontario Street, between Lake and Summit Streets, and vacate
Ontario Street between those two streets so that the Monument
could be placed in the vacated part of the street. Gen. Baruett and
myself expressed the opinion individually that, while we regarded
the Square as the best location, that would be the next best ; but I
insisted that as Ontario Street was laid out in the original allotment,
it could not be changed from its use as a street, and that a good
title could not be made ; and, besides that, I did not believe the peo-
ple would be willing to be taxed for the expense of a site. Gen.
Meyer claimed that a good title could be made, and that a binding
agreement could be made with the City for it, and it could be paid
for out of the sinking fund, as it would be an addition to Lake View
Park, and within the original seven wards. Gen. Meyer asked what
other section of the Square would be next in desirability, and Gen.
Barnett and I both expressed the opinion that the southwest sec-
tion would be the next best location.

" During the conversation, I stated that the Monument Commis-
sion believed that the main opposition to the southeast section of
the Square for the Monument arose from the fact that very many of
the property owners on Euclid Avenue and the East Cleveland Street
Railway Company wanted Euclid Avenue continued diagonally
through that section of the Square, which the Monument would de-
feat if erected there, and that Director Herrick was reported a few
days ago in a morning newspaper as saying that the City might
some time want to run Euclid Avenue down through that section of
the Square. He replied that he did say that the City might want
to do so some time, but did not use the language reported in the
paper. Both he and Gen. Meyer stated that personally they were
not in favor of doing that. I did not ask Gen. Meyer to postpone
filing his amended petition. That was his suggestion and not
mine, and I simply assented, as I had a copy of it to prepare our
answer and notified him to file it as soon as I have prepared the
answer.

" After the interview, Gen. Meyer walked with me up to Sterling
Avenue, Mr. Herrick going in the other direction, and he then
stated that if the Monument Commission would be willing to take
the southwest section of the Square, he thought that Mr. Herrick
could be induced to consent to it, and that they could have it, and
that this could be done without a vote of the people. This is the
substance of the conversation, and considering that Gen. Meyer

1 72 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

now insists that the City will not consent to the placing of the
Monument on any section of the Square, nor to any vote on any
other basis than the one he suggested, the friends of the Monument
can judge whether there is any want of a fair and conciliatory dispo-
sition on the part of the Monument Commission or anything relia-
ble or practicable in the clamor inspired by the gentlemen on the
other side about compromise and harmony.

" The Monument Commissioners were empowered and charged
with the dutv of selecting the site, and the Supreme Court decided
that the law is constitutional and valid, and that they had the right
to enter upon the site and erect the Monument ; and, in our view,
the Directors of Law and Public Works are simply trying to find
some ground or pretext for evading or nullifying the judgment of
the Supreme Court, and are making all the trouble there is made
about it. On the one side is simply acquiescence in the final judg-
ment of the Supreme Court, and on the other an endless diversity
of opinion as to location, and a large amount of taxation for
another site if one could be agreed upon. l( ^ pRENTISS »

When the trial was resumed it was heard by Judge
William E. Sherwood. The Plain Dealer, of August
i st, reported it as follows :

" The Soldiers' Monument war was waged again, in
Judge Sherwood's Court, Monday morning. On Friday,
when Court adjourned, it was decided that on Monday
morning the hearing should proceed upon affidavits un-
less the City, being unable to prepare its affidavits,
would be given further time.

"When Court opened, Gen. Meyer announced that he
was still in arrears by two affidavits, but intimated that
if he could put those affidavits in during the hearing,
he would proceed. After some cross-talk and wrang-
ling, the hearing proceeded. Gen. Meyer read his
amended petition once again in full, probably because
there was a new judge on the bench.

,l Mr. Prentiss read the cross-petition, commenting as
he read. He said that the true animus of the opposi-
tion to the southeast corner of the Square in contra-
distinction to its other sections was the wish of the
Euclid Avenue property owners and the East Cleveland

QUARTERMASTER EMBLEM IN CAPITAL.

•

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 175

Railroad Company to extend the avenue through the
southeast section straight down town.

" Gen. Meyer: ' Do you mean to say that I am the
tool of the street railway company ? '

" Mr. Prentiss : ' No, I don't ; I merely state the
fact'

" Judge Jones : ' We only say that you are doing
the work of the railroad company for nothing.'

"Gen. Meyer (to Mr. Prentiss): 'Counsel for the
railroad company is your associate ' (indicating Judge
Jones).

" Mr. Prentiss continued his reading and when he
had concluded, Mr. Kain read the petition to enjoin
the tax.

"It was after 12 o'clock when the reading of the
affidavits was begun. The first one to be read was that
of Col. John W. Gibbons, the Director of Police. Col.
Gibbons made affidavit as to the notice that had been
served upon him by the Commission, that it was about
to begin construction work in the Square. Another
affidavit was by Squire Bander, the only one of the
twelve Commissioners opposed to the selected site. Its
principal point was to demonstrate that when Gen. M.
D. Leggett was appointed a Monument Commissioner
he had not been by any act of the Soldiers' and Sailors'
Union constituted a member of the Monument Com-
mittee of that organization.

" After dinner, the first affidavit read was that of Eben
L. Pardee, the Recording Secretary of the Soldiers'
and Sailors' Union. Mr. Pardee produced the record
showing the confirmation of Gen. Leggett as a Monu-
ment Commissioner in June, 1887, at a date later than
the passage of the act constituting the Commission.
Secretary Kingsley of the Waterworks Department fur-
nished an affidavit relative to the water pipe running
through the southeast section of the Square and the

176 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

difficulty, expense and time involved in moving the
same. Director Herrick also swore to one showing the
difficulties attending the removal of Perry and the re-
construction of the water main.

"Gen. Meyer introduced in evidence the special
statutes relating to the Monument Commission and
fund and the decision of the Supreme Court in the
former case ; a decision in favor of the Commission.
He stated that as soon as he could get the figures he
would offer the tax duplicate of the County for 1891
and 1892.

"With the understanding that the City could intro-
duce further affidavits when access could be had to the
plans and specifications of the Monument Commission,
Col. A. T. Brinsmade then proceeded to the reading of
defendant's affidavits. These affidavits were two, sworn
to by W. J. Gleason, and a number of others furnished
by various members of the Commission."

The closing arguments in the case were given as
follows in the Leader of August 3d :

" The Monument case was submitted to Judge' Sher-
wood at 5 o'clock last evening. The Judge will spend
to-day in considering it, and will not hold court. Per-
haps a decision will not be rendered for several days.
There is much speculation as to the probable outcome
of the case. Those who have expressed themselves
most freely have been friends of the Monument Com-
missioners, and they boldly asserted that the City had
lost their case. It was the general opinion, however,
that both sides had made a strong showing, and that
every possible argument had been resorted to by each
of the contestants.

" The arguments proceeded quietly and attracted but
little attention. The attorneys were content to submit
the case to the Court upon the merits of the affidavits
and by simply calling attention to the points of law

SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS' MONUMENT. 1 77

and fact involved. They went into detail, however,
and argued at length upon every possible point to be
considered. There was a slight misunderstanding as
to which side should have the opening speech, on Tues-
day morning. George S. Kain, Esq., Assistant Cor-
poration Counsel, was finally accorded that privilege
and he spoke until about 11:30 o'clock. He was fol-
lowed by Loren Prentiss. Esq., for the Monument Com-
mission.

"Mr. Prentiss spoke for an hour and a half, and was
followed by Judge Jones. He commenced his argument
at 2:30 o'clock. More interest was shown while Judge
Jones was speaking than at any other time during the
case. He became greatly excited at times, and used
the strongest invective in denouncing the City authori-
ties for what he called defiance of the Supreme Court.
He said it was the most amazing thing he had ever
seen in a court of justice. He said it was no wonder
that common men took the law into their own hands,
when the heads of the City Government and their
satraps defied law and order. He said that it was the
duty of the City authorities to surrender cheerfully
when they were beaten. The public looked to them to
obey the law as well as to execute it. Judge Jones
was followed by Director of Law Meyer, who made
the closing argument.

" During his speech, General Meyer referred to the
utterances of Judge Jones concerning himself, when
the hearing was commenced before Judge Noble last
week. He said : ' Suppose a man has what he thinks
is a lawful claim to a piece of property occupied by
another. Is he justified in using force and violence in
defiance of law and the public peace to maintain that
claim ? Yet hear the counsel on the other side urging
the* use of force and violence.' Turning towards Judge
Jones, he continued : l One of them went so far as to

178 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

say across the table the other day that he would shoul-
der his gun and go into the Square and put a bullet
through me.' General Meyer also spoke of insinuations
which he said had been made against him by other
attorneys as to his working in the interest of the street
railway companies and the Euclid Avenue property
owners under the pretense of looking after the City's
interests. The General said that such charges against
an officer of the City coming from men who stood as the
embodiment of honor and Christian gentility were base
and contemptible and showed the character of the men
who made them.

"Judge Sherwood informed the attorneys that he
would not pay the slightest attention to their opinions
of each other in deciding the merits of the case, and he
asked General Meyer to proceed. The remainder of his
speech was upon the points at issue."

Judge Sherwood rendered his decision on August 9th,
the full text of which we copy from the Leader of the
following date :

" Judge Sherwood announced his decision in the Sol-
diers' Monument cases Tuesday morning in the presence
of an audience that completely filled his court room.
He refused the City's application for an injunction to
restrain the Monument Commission from erecting the
Monument in the Square, but granted the City's appli-
cation to enjoin a portion of the tax levied for the Mon-
ument. The effect of the decision is to enjoin the
collection of a tax of 1-10 of a mill, amounting, it is
said, to $13,000. General Meyer, for the City, filed
notice of appeal in both cases, and the appeal bond of
$200 was given in each case.

''The first case decided was that of the City against
the Monument Commissioners, to restrain them from
interfering with or obstructing any part of the south-
east section of the Public Square, from moving or inter-

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 179

fering with the statue of Commodore Perrv, from moving-
or interfering with the water main and from expending
any public funds for purposes other than the purchase
of a suitable site for the proposed Monument.

" The Court reviewed the pleadings and the proof
disclosed by them, and the previous case which was
decided against the City by the Supreme Court.

"Judge Sherwood stated that the Monument Commis-
sioners insisted that the decision of the Supreme Court
constituted a complete bar to the present action and
was conclusive between the parties. On the other hand,
the City claimed that the former action was not a bar,
for the reason that the relief sought and the grounds
upon which it was predicated were different.

" He said the Supreme Court had decided that when
a judgment or decree was relied upon by way of evi-
dence, as conclusive per se, between the parties in a
subsequent suit, that the particular controversy sought
to be precluded was therein necessarily tried and
determined.

" ' Our inquiry then is,' he stated, ' first, what is the
particular controversy in this case? Second, was such
controversy necessarily tried and determined in the
former case ? The controversy now before us is as to
the right of the Commissioners at this time to enter
upon the southeast section of the Square, remove ob-
structions, and erect the Soldiers' Monument thereon,
and use certain money now in the Monument fund for
that purpose. From doing these things the City seeks
to enjoin them. Was this controversy involved in the
former suit ? The relief prayed for in this action differs
from that sought in the former only in the additional
request to enjoin the use of Monument funds for any
other purpose than that of purchasing a site. In the
other respects the relief sought, as determined by the
prayers of the petitions in the two cases, is to all intents

l8o HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

the same. The City contends, however, that the object
of the present suit is to enjoin the occupation of the
Square until such time as sufficient funds may be
accumulated to enable the erection of the Monument
without unreasonable delay, whereas the object of the
former suit was to secure an injunction against the use
of the Square at any time for the location of the Monu-
ment. This distinction, however, is one made in argu-
ment and does not appear on the face of the papers,
nor does such temporary relief any more flow from the
nature of the opposition in the one case than in the other.
" ' It is true that certain allegations are made in the pe-
tition and proof offered which, it is claimed, show that
there is not sufficient money on hand to enable the
Commissioners to prosecute the work to completion
without unnecessary delay, and that such funds cannot
be procured for several years. But all the facts upon
which such allegations are predicated existed at the
time of the beginning of the former suit and were then
equally available and might have been introduced to
secure the same relief. The grounds or reasons urged
in the former suit were not in all respects the same as
those urged in the present case. A number of addi-
tional grounds for relief are now presented, but so far as
I have been able to observe there are none which might
not have been presented in the former action, except
the grounds that a motion for a rehearing in the former
case is pending, and that the City has instituted a suit
to have the tax levies made for the purpose of raising
funds for the erection of the Monument declared illegal
and void. It is specifically declared by our Supreme
Court that when a matter is finally determined in an
action between the same parties it is considered at an
end, not only as to what was determined, but also as to
every other question which the parties might have liti-
gated in the case, and that a subsequent suit cannot be

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 181

maintained between the same parties for reasons exist-
ing at the time and not stated in the former action.

" ' The points here raised not actually presented in
the former suit are : First, that a water pipe exists be-
neath the south-east section of the Square ; (a) that pipe
has been there for thirty years and might have been
made a ground for complaint in the prior suit. They
did not interpose the removal of Perry's statue as
a ground. Second, that the acts authorizing levies are
invalid and hence they have no money, (a) The acts
were all passed at the time of the other suit, and were
as invalid then as now. Third, the taxes authorized by
the act of 1891 cannot be collected in full until 1895.
Fourth, by section of an act of 1888 cannot expend more
than 8-10 of a mill for construction and erection of Mon-
ument, the balance for a site. Fifth, motion for re-
argument pending (a) not good ground. Sixth, proper
notice not given. Seventh, suit pending to enjoin col-
lection of the taxes under acts referred to.
" ' The application for injunction is denied.'
" The second case was the City of Cleveland against
W. H. King and others. This action was brought by
the City to enjoin the County Commissioners from levy-
ing any further taxes under certain acts of the Legisla-
ture, and from issuing any bonds or notes in anticipa-
tion of the collection of any such taxes, and from
delivering such bonds or notes to the Soldiers' and
Sailors' Monument Commission ; also to enjoin the
County Auditor from drawing his- warrant upon the
Treasurer for any drafts drawn upon him by the Monu-
ment Commissioners ; and from placing on the duplicate
any tax portended to be authorized by any of the
legislative acts ; also to enjoin the Count}- Treas-
urer from paying out any money now in his hands
or that may come into his hands or under his con-
trol bv virtue of any of the acts. The Court said :

l82 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

' The relief sought by the City is predicated upon the
claimed unconstitutionality of the laws purporting to
authorize the levying of the taxes which it asks to have
enjoined. The defenses interposed are : First, a denial
of the unconstitutionality of the acts, and second, that
the case has already been decided. The adjudication
which is plead in bar is the suit heretofore mentioned
of the City of Cleveland against William J. Gleason and
others, in which the City sought to restrain the Monu-
ment Commissioners from entering into and erecting a
Soldiers' Monument upon the southeast quarter or sec-
tion of the Public Square. Upon this point it is suffi-
cient to say that we do not think the ' particular
controversy ' involved in the case was 4 necessarily tried
and determined ' in the other. For first, the parties are
not the same. In that case the action was against the
Monument Commissioners. In this it is against the
County Commissioners, Auditor and Treasurer. True,
the Monument Commissioners are made parties in this
case with the County Commissioners, Auditor and Treas-
urer, but no relief whatever is asked as to them. Second,
the relief sought is different in that case. An injunction
was prayed for restraining the Monument Commission
from taking possession of the Public Square and erect-
ing a Monument thereon. In this case the tax for
Monument purposes is sought to be enjoined, and the
appropriation for such purpose and of money raised
under former levies prevented. While the invalidity ot
the tax laws might be assigned as one of the reasons or
grounds for the relief asked for in the former case, the
same as in the suit against Scofield and others now
before us, still we apprehend that the determination of
it was not essential in passing upon the question of the
right of the Monument Commissioners to enter upon
and use the Park for Monument purposes, for the rea-
son that such right does not depend upon the validity

SIGNAL SERVICE EMBLEM IN CAPITAL.

SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS' MONUMENT. 185

of the acts, or portions of the acts, authorizing the taxes.
This is evident from the fact that even if the right to
levy the tax were denied, the Monument Commission
might proceed to erect the Monument on the Square
with money derived from donations, which they are
authorized to receive, or from any other source. Hence,
we say in the absence of any disclosure in the record
that the question was actually before the Court and
passed upon by it, that the validity of the acts purport-
ing to confer authority upon the County Commissioners
to levy this tax was not necessarily tried and deter-
mined by the Court in coming to the conclusion that it
did.

" ' We come, therefore, directly to the question as to
the unconstitutionality of the laws authorizing the levy
of the taxes complained of. The first act of the Gen-
eral Assembly to which reference is made was passed
April 2, 1880, and is entitled, ' An act to authorize the
County Commissioners of Cuyahoga County to build a
Monument or Memorial Tablet in commemoration of the
deceased Soldiers and Sailors of said county, and to
purchase a site therefor.' By this act the County Com-
missioners were authorized to levy three-tenths of a
mill upon the property of the county, not more than
one-tenth of which should be collected annually for the
purpose of erecting a Monument or Memorial Tablet
commemorative of the bravery and valor of all the Sol-
diers and Sailors from said county who were killed in
any of the battles fought in the service of the Republic
of the United States, or who died from wounds received
or contracted in such service, and to purchase a site
therefor. Section No. 2 provided that ' all plans and
specifications for such Monument or Tablet, and the site
thereof, together with the contract for the erection of
which, shall be approved by the Commissioners and the
Committee on Monument of the Soldiers' and Sailors'

l86 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

Association of said county, but the building thereof shall
be supervised by and the expenses paid upon vouchers
approved by said Commissioners, provided, however,
that the cost and expense of such Monument or Tablet
and site shall not exceed the amount of the levy.

" ' Bv this act it will be observed the Legislature un-
dertook to authorize the County Commissioners both to
levy a tax for and build a monument. There does not
appear to be anything imperative about it. So far as
the language of the act is concerned, it seems simply
to vest power or authority coupled with a discretion to
exercise it or not. This and the succeeding acts to
which reference will be made are claimed by the City
to be unconstitutional, invalid and void for two reasons:
First, because the purposes for which the tax is au-
thorized to be levied are not such public purposes as
are permitted by the constitution of the State. Second,
because they contravene sections No. 5 and No. 7 of
article Xo. 12 of the Constitution. Upon the first
ground we are inclined to hold with the Superior Court
of Cincinnati, where the question was as to the uncon-
stitutionality of an act authorizing the levy of a tax for
the erection of a monument to William Henry Harri-
son. The Court said : ' We are of opinion that the pur-
pose for which the tax under the act is to be levied is a
public purpose. The erection of a monument in honor
of a man who has rendered valuable service to his
country is an enduring acknowledgment of the country's
gratitude, which will be a strong incentive to patriotic
service by other citizens.'

' ' Section 7, article 10, of the Constitution, provides
that the Commissioners shall have such power of local
taxation for police purposes as may be prescribed by
law. The legislative acts in question are said to con-
travene this section, for the reason that they seek to in-
vest the County Commissioners with the power of local

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 187

taxation for other than police purposes ; the erection of
a Soldiers' Monument not being a police purpose. The
Commissioners intend, first, that the purposes of the
levy are police purposes within the contemplation of
this section of the Constitution ; second, that the Legis-
lature may authorize under the general taxing power
the County Commissioners to levy the tax independent
of section 7, article 10 ; third, that these acts, especially
the later ones made, particularly involved in this case,
vest no discretion whatever in the County Commis-
sioners, but are mandatory in their character and con-
stitute the Commissioners agents or instruments of the
Legislature in carrying out a clearly constitutional
power.

" ' We consider the original act first, as all the subse-
quent ones are either amendatory or supplementary to
it and may be more or less affected by it.

" ' Our first inquiry then is : Does the erection of a
Soldiers' Monument come within the police purposes
for which County Commissioners as such may levy
taxes under section 7, article 10, of the Constitution?

" ' By police purposes, as here used, we understand are
meant such purposes as are legitimate and proper to be
provided for under the police powers of the State. This
police power looks to the regulation of relative rights,
privileges and duties as between individuals, to the con-
servation of order in the political society, to the encour-
agement of industry, and the discouragement of perni-
cious employment.

" ' This section of the Constitution was obviously in-
tended to limit the power of the Legislature in delegat-
ing the power of local taxation to County Commissioners.

" ' There must be purposes for which taxation may
be had, public in their nature, and yet not included
among police purposes. The erection of a monument
to the memory of those who have fallen in our country's

l88 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

cause is a patriotic public object most commendable
in its character, but intended to express a sentiment
rather than to promote the health, convenience or wel-
fare of a community. We think the tax cannot be sus-
tained as being authorized for police purposes.

" ' May the Legislature under the general taxing
power vested in it authorize the County Commissioners
to levy the tax regardless of section 7, article 10, of the
Constitution ?

" ' We are of the opinion that the General Assembly
might use the County Commissioners as an instrument
for levying and collecting this tax, notwithstanding the
provisions of the Constitution. Having itself the power
to impose that tax, and having determined to impose it,
it might require the levy and collection thereof by the
County Commissioners as its representative. But it
cannot delegate to the Commissioners the power to de-
termine whether or not there should be a tax for the
purpose named, and to levy it or not at their discretion.
By simply authorizing but not requiring them to levy a
tax for monument purposes, it seeks to vest them with
the power of local taxation for other than police pur-
poses, and so contravenes section 7, article 10. Such
we understand to be the import of the holding of the
Superior Court of Cincinnati in the case before referred
to. By the second section of the act the Commissioners
of Hamilton County were authorized to levy a tax to
defray the expenses for the monument. The language
was in substance identical with that of the act before
us. The third section, however, required that before
the tax was levied the question of making the levy
should be submitted to the vote of the qualified electors
of the county.

" ' The act before us of April 2, 1886, clearly vested a
discretion in the County Commissioners not only as to
levying the tax, but as to constructing the Monument

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 189

as well. The Commissioners were under no obliga-
tions to proceed in the matter at all unless they saw fit.
We can see no escape from the conclusion that this act
was unconstitutional and void. The amendatory acts
of February 4, 1881, and April 22, 1885, made no
such modifications as to relief against this objec-
tionable feature. By the latter act an additional levy
of five-tenths of a mill was authorized, and together
with the three-tenths of a mill authorized by the orig-
inal act, has been collected. On the 16th day of April,
1888, an act was passed supplementary to the original
and amendatory acts, by which all the power and au-
thority over the Monument theretofore vested in the
County Commissioners, except the authority to levy the
taxes, was taken from them and vested in a board called
the ' Monumental Commissioners,' to be appointed by
the Governor. This Board was by this act to have full
power to select a site for the proposed Monument, to have
exclusive control of the plans and building of the same,
to locate the same in the southeast quarter or section
of the Public Square if they saw fit, or if not, to pur-
chase or procure any other site within the county.
They were authorized to contract for the whole or any
part of the work, or within discretion, to contract for the
same by days' work or piece. With the law in this con-
dition, the County Commissioners continued to levy or
collect the taxes therefor authorized, receiving the last
installment with the general taxes of 1889. The Board
of Monument Commissioners took charge of all othei
matters pertaining to the Monument, and proceeded
with their labors, selected a site, secured plans and de-
signs for the Monument, and expended a considerable
portion of the fund for the construction of different parts
thereof.

" ' On January 30, 1890, an act was passed amending
section 1 of the original and amendatory acts, and an-

190 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

thorizing the County Commissioners to levy an addi-
tional tax of not exceeding three-tenths of a mill for
the same purpose. This was again amended April 2,
1891, so as to authorize a levy of not exceeding six-
tenths of a mill in addition to any tax theretofore levied
for the same purpose. The first installment of the tax
authorized by the act of 1890 has been collected. The
second installment has been levied, also the first install-
ment of that authorized by the act of 1891, but neither
of the last two has been collected. The City contends,
first, that both of these acts are obnoxious to the same
constitutional objection ; second, that if not, then the
power to levy granted by the act of 1890 was repealed
by the act of 1891 as to so much of the tax as had not
been levied prior to the passage of the latter act. This
would affect the last two installments. As to the act of

1890, we see no reason why it is not open to the same
constitutional objection as the preceding acts. But
whether so or not, it seems clear that all unexecuted
power therein conferred was withdrawn by the act of

1 891. The latter act was both amendatory and supple-
mental to the former, and upon its passage entirely sup-
planted and wiped it out. It was not necessary that the
act of 1890 should be repealed in terms, for by the very
terms and nature of the amendatory act it takes the
place of and is to be read and construed as if it had so
existed from the beginning. The act of 1891, however,
presents much difference in its phraseology. The first
section reads as follows : ' Be it enacted * * * that
the County Commissioners of Cuyahoga County be and
they are hereby authorized to levy a tax upon all the
taxable property in said county, not exceeding six-
tenths of a mill on the dollar of the valuation of said
property, in addition to any tax heretofore levied under
said acts, to be levied and collected as follows : For the
year 1891, one-tenth of a mill ; for the year 1892, one-

SOLDIERS', AND SAILORS' MONUMENT. 191

tenth of a mill ; for the year 1893, two-tenths of a mill ;
and for the year 1894, two-tenths of a mill; which
amounts shall be levied and collected annually as afore-
said.' By section 2 the Commissioners are authorized
and directed to issue bonds and notes in anticipation of
the collection of the tax, and by section 3 are required
to place the proceeds of the sale of the bonds at the dis-
posal of the Monument Commissioners. We see in this
act, therefore, not only authority given the County Com-
missioners to levy the tax, but imperative words requir-
ing specific amounts to be levied and collected in
certain years ; the language is, ' which amounts shall
be levied and collected annually as aforesaid.' There
appears in this act no discretion left to the County
Commissioners in the matter of levying the tax, and
hence under the rule heretofore referred to as the cri-
terion for determining the character of the act, we con-
clude that it constitutes the County Commissioners in-
struments of the Legislature for the exercise of the
broad favor of taxation placed by the Constitution in
that body.

" ' As to the taxes already collected under the acts
by us deemed invalid, we are not disposed to interfere
with their use for the purposes for which they have been
levied and voluntarily paid by the City and other tax-
payers of the county.

" ' The City may take a decree enjoining the further
levy and collection of taxes under all acts authorizing
such levy for monument purposes, except the act of
April 2, 1891.' "

The clear and able decision of Judge Sherwood on
all legal questions involved was received with delight
by the Monument Commissioners, by the Soldiers of
the county and all of their friends. The prevention of
the collection of one-tenth of a mill of the tax, equal
to about $13,000, could be easily and legally supplied

1*92 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

bv future action of the Legislature. It was through no
fault of Director Meyer, Mayor Rose or Director Her-
rick that all of the remainder of the tax levies provided
for the Monument Fund was not knocked out. The
facts herein set forth clearly exhibit their purposes and
desires. They were not satisfied with their attempt to
deprive the Soldiers and Sailors of the county of the
best and most appropriate site for the Monument, but
they would, if they could, utterly destroy the Memorial.
Their words were loud, but their actions were louder.
After the sum of one hundred and fifty thousand dol-
lars had been paid into the treasury by the patriotic
people of the county, and had been expended by the
Commission for the work so far done on the Monument,
the dastardly attempt to enjoin the further collection of
taxes would have the effect, if successful, of completely
destroying and preventing the erection of the Monu-
ment. This action was hinted at, and threatened for
some time, as a dernier ressort. But the threats, like the
attempt, proved abortive. Still, Director Meyer, Mayor
Rose and Director Herrick were " friends" of the Mon-
ument. How some schemers in this world imagine they
can cover up their deception! The Commission, however,
were "onto the pitching" of the curves of the City's
hired men, and could easily bat it all over the Square !

A World editorial of August ioth scores the City
authorities' foolishness in the following vigorous man-
ner :

" By the carefully worded and duly considered decision
of Judge Sherwood in regard to the Soldiers' Monu-
ment case, the City again suffers a serious defeat.

" This result was inevitable. The Monument Com-
mission was acting under a plain statute of the State.
The Legislature that passed this law created the City
government. The attempt to set aside this law was
that of the creature to become greater than its creator.

ENGINEER EMBLEM IN CAPITAL.

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 195

" In addition to the plain statute there was a decision
of the Supreme Court on this matter for the guidance of
Judge Sherwood.

" The fact of the matter is, the City authorities are
not disingenuous in this attempt to set aside the law.
Their only idea is to get the matter into court and pro:
long it till the meeting of the Legislature next Winter,
and then try and get some legislation annulling what
has already been done. Such proceedings could hardly
result otherwise than in defeat/1

XIV.

THE Leader of the nth chronicled the further action
of the City :

" The next move in the Soldiers' Monument case will
be made by the City. Next Monday, General Meyer
will appear in the Circuit Court to ask for an injunction
restraining the Commissioners from proceeding with the
erection of the Monument, until the case can be tried on
its merits in the Circuit Court. Attorney Loren Prentiss
and Judge Jones will be on hand to fight the injunc-
tion. When the decision of the Court has been rend-
ered, the case will be appealed to the Supreme Court.

" Mr. Prentiss was asked, yesterday, how much time
would probably be required to finally end the proceed-
ings, and he said : ' We have arranged for a hearing ot
the case on its merits, before two of the Circuit Court
judges next week. It will then be appealed to the
Supreme Court. A constitutional question is involved,
and the Supreme Court will, therefore, take up the case
out of its order. We should, therefore, be able to get
a final decision in October.'

" ' Will it be possible for the City to delay the consid-
eration of the case in the Supreme Court ? ' was asked.
' No, the case will be taken up on motion of either
of the parties,' replied Mr. Prentiss. ' It is the policy
of the City to delay matters as much as possible, with
the hope that the Legislature may amend the Monu-
ment law next Winter. Judge Sherwood has granted
us an injunction, restraining the City from interfering
with the Commissioners.'

" On behalf of the City, it was said, yesterday, that
only the application for a temporary injunction would

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 197

be heard in the Circuit Court next week. It was stated
that the hearing on the merits of the case would take
place during the regular term of the Court in the Fall."

Quiet reigned for a few days, awaiting the decision of
the Circuit Court. The application for a temporary in-
junction by the City was decided by the Judges of said
Court on August 19th. The Plain Dealer, referring to
it, said :

" Again the Monument Commission are on top.

" Judge C. C. Baldwin, of the Cuyahoga Circuit Court,
in Chambers, Judge H. J. Caldwell, concurring, decided
the Soldiers' Monument cases Friday afternoon.

" Judge Baldwin first said he would be very brief, so
as to handicap himself as little as possible when the
case should be finally heard. Then he said :

" ' In the matter of the Monument, it is claimed that
substantially the same matter has been heretofore de-
cided by both this and the Supreme Court. There are
two cases here, both begun by the City ; the one to en-
join the work of putting the Monument on the Square,
at all events for the present, and the other to prevent
the County Commissioners from levying a tax provided
for in the act passed in 1891 authorizing a tax for
Monument purposes.

" 'As to the first case, every one of the facts urged ex-
isted when we heard the case before, and with the excep-
tion of the water main they were all set up in the former
case. The Supreme Court overruled us in the former
case and gave assent to the erection of the Monument.
To say that a new injunction may issue after the
Supreme Court has spoken finally, merely because par-
ties try again to do what has been determined they can
do, is to say in the boldest way that a thing can be liti-
gated again and again. Since the Supreme Court has
said the Monument can go there, we cannot presume be-
forehand to sav that this is not the time for them to gfo

198 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

there, or that the Monument Commissioners will do the
thing improperly and wrongly. We do not think that
by refusing to remove the statue of Commodore Perry
the City can prevent the act. The Commissioners can
do it, providing it is done in a proper way and manner.'

"Judge Baldwin then held as to the tax enjoined by
Judge Sherwood, under the act of 1890 and previous
acts, that no application having been made to him to
modify that injunction he would not disturb it. This
enjoins the one- tenth of a mill still to be levied under
the act of 1890, and leaves the matter just where Judge
Sherwood left it.

"The act of 1891 was mandatory, and left no discre-
tion with the County Commissioners. Judge Baldwin
declined to enjoin the tax of six-tenths of a mill under
it. He denied the temporary injunction. His decision
leaves both parties just where Judge Sherwood left
them, till October 18th, which is the earliest date at
which the Circuit Court can hear the case on its merits.

" So far as is apparent there is nothing to prevent
the Commissioners from going right ahead with their
work on the Public Square."

The effect of the decision on Director Meyer was
given as follows in the Plain Dealer of the 21st:

" ' The Monument Commissioners can trample all
over the Square,' said General Meyer smilingly, yester-
day afternoon. ' They can plow up the sod. They can
tear up the trees by the roots. They can pluck all the
flowers ; they can do anything they please, and the City
is powerless to prevent. They can take the Perry
statue and dump it into the lake for all we can do.
Until the October term of the Circuit Court, the City
is without power to resist.'

" That is how General Meyer talked after the decision
of the Circuit Court. He was asked whether he pro-
posed to appeal the case to the Supreme Court.

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 199

" ' I cannot appeal at present,' said he. ' Understand
that the Circuit Court is not now in session, and is with-
out power of jurisdiction until its October term. The
Common Pleas Court recently enjoined the City from
interfering with the Monument Commission and like-
wise enjoined the County Commissioners from levying
a tax of some $13,000 for the Commission. Both these
injunctions were lifted bodily into the Circuit Court.
The Circuit Court is not now in session, but the law
provides that two of the judges may at their discretion
act temporarily during vacation. I asked for a suspen-
sion of the restraining order until the October term.
This the judges have refused to grant. They took no
action upon the injunction relating to the levy. Now,
I cannot appeal the case, because it is still in the Cir-
cuit Court and will be heard upon its merits at the
October term. The Court has agreed to advance it up-
on the docket. Xow, if the Monument Commission
decides to take possession of the Square between now
and October we are powerless to prevent it. It can
tear down the Perry Monument and begin the construc-
tion of its own, and the City will not say anything, for
it is law abiding and will obey the injunction. But if
the Circuit Court finally decides against the Commis-
sion, all the work that it may have clone on the Square
will have to come out. In such an event, I suppose
the Commission will appeal to the Supreme Court. If
the case goes against us we certainly shall appeal to
the Supreme Court.'

" l If the Commission invade the Square, will you
make any further resistance ? ' was asked.

'' ' None, whatever,' replied the General."

A meeting of the Commission was held on August
22d, at which action was taken to provide for the pay-
ment of outstanding bills. This action was rendered
necessary, owing to the fact that the Law Director had

200 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

scared the county officers by saying to them that it
would be uat their peril if any further drafts of the
Monument Commission were honored." Commissioners
Elwell and Gleason, with Attorney Prentiss, were ap-
pointed a Committee to confer with the county author-
ities to bring about an amicable understanding. Their
work was successful, as the following action indicates :

« t> tt ™ „,.~ .. x? "August 22, 1892.

" T. K. DlSSETTE, Esq. ' y

" Dear Sir: — We have had presented to us this morning, various
bills for payment amounting to $3,750.50, against the Monument
Fund. The City has renewed its order as before the hearing of the
Soldiers' Monument case in the Circuit Court. Are there, in your
opinion, any legal obligations to the payment of the same, under
the present situation of the case, or any liabilities that the Auditor
and Treasurer are liable to incur by said payment ?
" Respectfully submitted,
" A. E. Akins,

" Auditor Cuyahoga County."

"A. E. Akins, Esq. "August 23,1892.

" Dear Sir : — Yours of August 22 before me, referring to the
various bills presented to you for payment against the Soldiers'
Monument Fund, and asking whether since the hearing of the
Soldiers' Monument case in the Circuit Court, there are any legal
objections to the payment of the same, under the present situation
of the case, or any liabilities that the Auditor and Treasurer are
liable to incur by said payment.

" In reply, allow me to say that there is no order of Court re-
straining the County Auditor from drawing his warrants, or the
County Treasurer from paying any claims against the Soldiers'
Monument Fund, when vouched for agreeably to the provisions of
the statute. The Common Pleas and Circuit Courts have each re-
fused to make such an order after a pretty full hearing. I see no
legal objection to the payment of said claims.

" The application for an injunction, however, is still pending in
the Circuit Court, and there is a very remote possibility that when
the case is heard upon its merits the Court may grant such an in-
junction. "Very respectfully,

" T. K. DlSSETTE,

"Assistant Prosecuting Attorney."

" ' On the strength of this,' said Mr. Akins shortly

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 201

afterwards, ' I shall draw my warrant unless Capt.
Shields tells me he will not honor it. If he does so say,
I shall refuse to issue my warrant, because, if they are
going to begin proceedings in mandamus against him,
they might as well proceed against me, also, and have
the Court determine both our rights.'

" There is no disposition on the part of either officer
to withhold payment, except as a measure of self-pro-
tection. There is plenty of money in the Soldiers'
Monument Fund.

" All thought that the opinion of Capt. Dissette
ought to contain a final answer to the question asked.
After a lengthy discourse, Capt. Dissette consented to
insert the sentence, ' I see no legal objection to the
payment of said claims.'

" This settled it, Mr. Akins said when asked, that he
would draw a warrant in all probability on application.

" When Capt. Shields was asked about it, he said :

" ' I sha'n't pay till I get a warrant.'

" 'And if you get a warrant ?'

" ' If Mr. Akins draws a warrant, I shall undoubtedly
pay it. I am not going to assume to pass on matters
that have already been passed upon.' "

The Committee subsequently reported the result of
their labors to the Commission, by whom the action of
the County officials was warmly commended. Secretary
Bauder renewed the motion he made two months prior,
" that the County Commissioners be required to issue
bonds or notes in anticipation of the collection of the
tax." The motion was adopted.

The further result of the meeting is given from the
Leader of the 25th :

" The Monument Commissioners have at last taken
possession of the Public Square, and, after nearly two
years' delay, active work has been commenced towards
putting up the Memorial to the Soldiers and Sailors of

202 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

Cuyahoga County. On Wednesday morning, half a
hundred cedar posts were unloaded from wagons and
placed in heaps on the sod in the southeast section of
the Public Square, near the statue of Commodore Perry.
A short time afterwards, men commenced to place the
posts in position for the construction of a fence. A
police sergeant who stood watching the proceedings
said that inasmuch as the Court had granted the Com-
missioners the right to occupy the Square, they were
at perfect liberty to proceed.

" The Monument Commissioners were in a happy
frame of mind. They got together in Captain Levi T.
Scofield's office and laid plans for future action. The
decision of the County officers to honor their drafts was
regarded as the final admission of the legal authorities
that all litigation was at an end. When one of their
number reported that Auditor Akins had signed the
warrants, and that Treasurer Shields had paid them,
they got immediately down to business. They resolved
first, to go to work immediately, and put up the Monu-
ment without delay. Secondly, they resolved to request
the City authorities to remove the Perry statue and the
water main. This resolution will be presented to the
Mayor, the Director of Public Works, the Board ot
Control, and the City Council. They further resolved,
that if the City will not have removed the obstructions
by the time they will be ready to put in the foundation,
they will remove them of their own accord. They then
resolved to hold an executive session at Captain Sco-
field's office, Wednesday evening, and to spend more
money. Contractor Grant wanted a bonus, and was
not ready to proceed further without it. He had lost
a great deal by the delay caused by litigation, and his
bid was several thousand dollars lower than any other.
It was urged that there be a full attendance at the
secret meeting, Wednesday evening. Several members

ORDNANCE EMBLEM IN CAPITAL.

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 205

of the Commission thought that there was no necessity
for a full meeting, and suggested that the Executive
Committee attend to what business was necessary.
Finally it was decided to make the meeting one for the
Executive Committee only.

" Count}- Commissioners Mattison and King took
under consideration, Wednesday, the demand of the
Monument Commissioners to issue bonds in anticipa-
tion of the tax for Monument purposes. They took no
action, however. They desired to have legal advice be-
fore proceeding. They were in doubt as to the manda-
tory character of the act of the Legislature which au-
thorizes them to issue bonds. The act states that they
are ' authorized and directed to issue bonds.' The Com-
missioners stated that they were in no hurry to take
any action and did not think it necessary to comply
with the demand of the Monument Commissioners at
once, as they had already about $23,000 to spend in
putting up the Monument.

" One of the Monument Commissioners stated, on
Wednesday, that only a portion of the southeast section
of the Square will be fenced in at present, and that a
board walk will be placed over the sod as an exten-
sion from Euclid Avenue, so that pedestrians will not
be compelled to walk around the entire section. He
said that the contractor will occupy the Square at
once with the granite for the esplanade, and stones for
the foundation, and commence excavating immediatelv.
Considerable work can be done, he said, before the
removal of the Perry statue and the water main.

" The Executive Committee held a long meeting in
Commissioner W. J. Gleason's office, in the City Hall,
last night. It was chiefly for the purpose of inducing
Contractor John Grant, who was the lowest bidder for
the building of the Monument, to sign a contract, as he
agreed to do on March 28, 1891. The Commissioners

206 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

at that time opened the bids and awarded the contract
to Grant for $64,867. Mr. Grant gave a bond for $7,500
at the time as a guaranty that he would enter into a
contract. More than a year has elapsed and Mr. Grant
is not now willing to bind himself to do the work for
the amount mentioned above. He wants damages for
the delay and the work he has lost on account of the
time he has spent in preparing to do the monumental
work. He thinks $3,500 added to the $64,867 will en-
able him to erect the Monument at a profit to himself,
and to the satisfaction of the Commission. All these
facts and claims he presented to the Commissioners, and
a long discussion ensued. The Commissioners offered
to give him an additional $1,000 because the wages of
mortar mixers, hod carriers and cranemen are from
twenty-five to fifty cents a day higher than they were a
year ago. The Commissioners very emphatically de-
clared that they could not pay damages that could not
be plainly shown to have been sustained. The object
of the meeting, so far as Mr. Grant's contract is con-
cerned, was not accomplished, but the Commissioners
believe that the contractor will see fit to sign the agree-
ment before they are ready for him. If he does not,
they will probably make a contract with the next lowest
bidder. Secretary Bauder reported that he had notified
the City to remove the statue of Commodore Perry and
the water main, as he was ordered to do."

The Leader of the following date said :

" The southeast section of the Public Square was al-
most thoroughly surrounded Thursday afternoon by the
fence which the Monument Commissioners are con-
structing. The only portion which will not be enclosed
is a small part of the northeast corner of the section.
The public walks have not yet been closed, but will be
fenced in as soon as the workmen begin to haul the
material for the Monument. There was verv little in-

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 207

terest in the proceedings Thursday, and the workmen
were in no way molested. Several of the [Monument
Commissioners watched the fence building at various
times during the day.

" With regard to the general situation, Major Gleason
said: 'I have not heard a single person complain of the
fence. All this talk about inconvenience to people is a
bugbear rigged up for the occasion. The diagonal walk
through that section of the Square leads nowhere from
Euclid Avenue. It lands you in the center of the
Square and you have to follow a straight line thence
to your destination. A man who desires to reach the
Forest City House corner can just as easily walk to the
southwest quarter of the Square and use the diagonal
walk there. If he wishes to reach the Stone Church or
the Society for Savings, it is just as near for him to walk
down the east line of the Square to the postoffice cor-
ner and cut through the northeast section which con-
tains the auditorium. If the crosswalk at Euclid
Avenue were laid across the roadway to the Square in a
direct line with the sidewalk, the distance to the center
would be shorter than it is now. But the claim that
the Monument would inconvenience pedestrians fur-
nished something to talk about and of course the most
was made of the opportunity.'

" Director Herrick was asked yesterday whether he
would proceed to remove the Perry Statue. 'No, noth-
ing has been decided upon yet,' answered Mr. Herrick.
' I have received a notice of the Monument Commis-
sioners saying that they will remove the 'obstructions,'
as they call the statue and the water main. If they go
ahead and do the work there, we will be relieved of that
duty. I believe that the case is still in Court, however,
and I cannot say what will be done by the City.'

" Another City official expressed the opinion that the
fence would be pulled down between two days.

208 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

" 'By whom?' was asked.

'"Why, by indignant citizens. I do not believe
the people will be satisfied to walk around that section
of the Square. After they have suffered from the
nuisance for a while I think there will be a quiet
gathering in the Square some night and then, good-bye
fence.'

"The Executive Committee of the Monument Com-
mission held another meeting in Commissioner Gleason's
office last night. The contract question is still un-
settled, and it was stated after the meeting that no
definite action would be taken until General Barnett,
who is a member of the committee, returns to the city.
At Wednesday night's session, Contractor Grant declined
to proceed with the building of the Monument unless
he was given a bonus of $3,500 in addition to the con-
tract price of $64,867. The committee offered him
$1,000 extra, but he said that was not enough. The
next lowest bidders at the time the contract was let
were McAllister & Dall, and their bid was about $10,000
more than Grant's. A representative of that firm was
present at the meeting last evening. The gathering
took place behind closed doors, but Secretary Bauder
said after it adjourned that it was never called to order
and was entirely informal. It is possible that McAllister
& Dall will reduce their bid somewhat, and if a reduc-
tion is made they will be given the contract. But, as
before stated, the matter will be left in abeyance until
General Barnett's return."

Commissioner Elwell communicated the following to
the Leader on August 27th:
" To the Editor of the Leader :

"The Monument Commission has no fault to find with the
Leader. It has treated the Board fairly. Its columns have been
open to all sides and the questions involved have been discussed in
every possible aspect. The Commission has never appeared in
print or in the Courts except in self-defense. Its doings have all

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 209

been open and above board. At this late day, when the work on the
Monument is so nearly completed and the questions involved all
settled judicially, it is difficult to see what is to be gained by further
discussion, either in the newspapers or elsewhere. The Leader
seemed to take this view of the case a day or twro ago. To-day,
however, it says it is suggested to hold a public meeting for further
discussion, as if the press for the last two years had not said every-
thing that can be said for and against the site selected, reiterating
what it has said before that a majority of the people were against
the present site. The Leader is probably mistaken about the side
the majority is on. The Commission, on the other hand, has no
doubt, from all the information that comes to it from all quarters,
that the large majority of the people are in favor of the site selected.
They think so, first, because the people's representatives in the
Legislature, representing every ward and township in the County,
right from the people, gave this site to the Commission. It is no
answer to this fact that the question was not submitted to the
people. Nobody asked to have it submitted — there was no objection
from any quarter. The Representatives and Senators do represent
the people on all questions that are not specially excepted. The
Representatives said: 'Take the Square if you cannot find a better
site.' Two or three Legislatures have said this — Republicans and
Democrats alike. Second, Mayors Babcock and Gardner favored the
Square and do so yet so far as anything has appeared to the con-
trary. These officers were positive men and did all they could
officially and individually to help and encourage -us, appearing
sometimes at our meetings, making suggestions, encouraging and
approving what we did. Third, the Board of Aldermen and the
Council unanimously said : ' Take the Square for your Monument.'
Fourth, the Park Commissioners said: 'Take any section of the
Square but the southeast one ; that w'e will hold under advise-
ment for the present. You can have the center, and we will change
the roads around it and widen the grounds.' Fifth, the Commission
was appointed primarily by the Soldiers' and Sailors' Union of the
Count}', comprising all the active Soldiers and Sailors of the County.
The Commission is their agent and does their bidding, and reports
regularly to the Union. The Union said: 'Take the southeast sec-
tion of the Square.' At the last full meeting in June the Union
approved all the Commissioners had done, especially as to site, said
go ahead and build the Monument on the Square, and complete it
as speedily as possible. Sixth, leading citizens say to us daily,
' Don't be driven from the Square by the clamor. It is the proper
site.' Prominent citizens on Euclid Avenue and Prospect Street
say this. Seventh, not a Soldier, so far as the writer knows, objects
to the site, unless he has a pet project, though one or two have

2IO HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

found fault with this or that in the construction of the Monument.
There may be Soldiers who prefer another site, but they have not
pressed the matter.

"The Commission think, therefore, that the}' are representing the
people. They think the battle having been fought and won on this
blood\- field, that they have a right to bivouac on this ground and
hold it, and they intend to do so. J. J. Ei/WEUv."

A joint meeting of the Commissioners and City
officials was held on Angnst 30th, the proceedings of
which we cop}' from the Plain Dealer of the 31st :

" A joint meeting of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monu-
ment Commission and the City officials was held in
Director Herrick's private office yesterday afternoon to
discuss the Monument project. Mayor Rose and
Director Herrick represented the City and there were
present on behalf of the Commission, Gen. M. D. Leg-
gett, Gen. James Barnett, Gen. J. J. Elwell, Maj. W.
J. Gleason, Col. E. W. Force, Capt. J. B. Molyneaux,
Capt. E. H. Bohm, Capt. C. C. Dewstoe and Capt.
L. F. Bauder.

" The meeting almost broke up in a row at the very
start off. Nothing was accomplished. The City offi-
cials thought the meeting was called to harmonize on
another site and the Commission insisted that the meet-
ing was called to co-operate in the removal of the Perry
statue. The City materially weakened its case by
suggesting that the Commission take one of the other
three sections of the Square. Everyone supposed that
the opposition was to the Square. Gen. Barnett was
elected to preside. He stated that the object of the
meeting was to confer with the City officials and secure
their hearty co-operation in the removal of the Perry
statue and the water main.

" 'May I ask,' asked Mayor Rose, 'whether the Com-
mission is determined to have the Public Square or
whether it would be content to have some other loca-
tion if offered ? '

SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS' MONUMENT. 211

" ' No tender of any site has ever been made,' replied
Gen. Barnett.

l"I am satisfied,' continned Mayor Rose, 'that a large
majority of the people are opposed to the Public Square
as a site. Of course, no one is opposed to the Monu-
ment. I would be in favor of continuing the tax for a
number of years longer and I am sure the greater pro-
portion of our citizens would. It would not delay the
Monument very long.'

" Capt. Bohm declared with some warmth that the
controversy between the City and the Commission had
resulted in the formation of an opinion, frequently ex-
pressed, that the old Soldiers might go to h — 1.

" ' < )h, no, no ! ' said Mayor Rose. ' In no city is the
Soldier so respected as in Cleveland. The City is not
responsible for individual expressions.'

" Major Gleason said that it was patent to the Com-
mission that the present City administration had not
given the Monument the attention it deserves. Major
Gleason then gave a clear and concise account of the
progress of the Monument movement and the various
sites that have been offered or suggested.

" ' The old Park Commission offered us either the
center of the Square or any one of the three sections,
excluding the particular section we wanted,' said Major
Gleason. ' What was its objection to the southeast
section? There was no secret made about it. Both J.
H. Wade and J. M. Curtiss said that the purpose was to
extend Euclid Avenue through the Square, and eventu-
ally the street railways would run through it.'

" Major Gleason said that Gen. Meyer, before he was
made Director of Law, had volunteered his services as
counsel to the Commission and had added that the City
had no case in court. He closed an extensive and well di-
rected argument with the assertion that the Commission
had not been treated in just the correct way by the City.

212 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

'" Have you absolutely concluded to take the Public
Square ? ' asked Mayor Rose. ' If you have, there is no
use arguing' with you.'

" The Commission again reiterated that the adminis-
tration had never offered any other site.

" Mr. Herrick replied that the Commission had never
asked for any other site.

" ' I want to say right now,' said Mr. Herrick, ' that
the Commission can have any other site in the other
parks.'

" ' And permit me to say,' said Capt. Bohm, ' that I
do not believe the City has a clear title to Wade Park.
Now Pelton Park was dedicated for park purposes only.
And as to the West Side Reservoir '

" ' What is the matter with the Reservoir property? '
asked Mr. Herrick, ' isn't it on one of the finest resi-
dence streets in the city?'

' ' You may as well put the Monument in a Euclid
Avenue back yard as on the Reservoir property,' said
Capt. Bohm.

" ' I supposed the question of site was all settled,'
said Gen. Elwell. ' I don't see what this talk is all
about. We have let our contracts to build the Monu-
ment and came here this afternoon to see if the City
would kindly remove the Perry statue and the water
main.'

' ' I understood the call was to harmonize on some
other site,' said Mr. Herrick.

" Capt. Dewstoe argued that if the City would co-
operate with the Commission, all opposition on the
part of the people would cease.

' ' On the contrary, I think the opposition would be
inflamed,' said Mayor Rose.

" Major Gleason declared that the present location of
the statue of Commodore Perry was inappropriate and
that the Commodore, instead of pointing to the lake,

BRONZE DOORS, NORTH AND SOUTH ENTRANCES.

r^>

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 215

where he won his victories, was pointing to a fish
market.

" ( 5-en. Elwell insisted that the best place for Commo-
dore Perry was Eakeview Park.

" ' I should be governed by the action of onr represent-
atives,' said Mr. Herrick. ' The Council is a large part
of the administration. The Board of Control is merely
executive. The Council has refused to make an appro-
priation for the removal of Commodore Perry and I
have no authority to remove it.'

" ' Is your objection to removing it merely because
you have no money?' asked Gen. Elwell.

" Mr. Herrick did not reply and the General repeated
the question.

" ' Is that not sufficient? ' answered Mr. Herrick.

" Mr. Herrick a moment later said that as an indi-
vidual he would be very sorry to put his hands upon
Commodore Perry.

"'Would you object to us removing him?' asked
Gen. Elwell.

" Mr. Herrick had nothing to say.

" ' We came here to-day in a friendly spirit,' explained
Gen. Elwell. ' We have selected a site and I under-
stand ground is to be broken at eight o'clock to-morrow
morning. Will you kindly remove the Perry statue ? '

" ' If anyone's hands are to be laid upon Commodore
Perry,' said Mr. Herrick, ' I had rather the Commission
do it than I.'

" ' We have a more sacred regard for that statue than
you have,' retorted Gen. Elwell hotly.

"Col. E. W. Force asked whether any other section
would be more satisfactory to the City, but no one ap-
parently noticed the question.

" ' Wont the Monument be a more glorious object,'
said Major Gleason, ' than the old rookery in one sec-
tion, the fountain that squirts half the year in the other

2l6 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

section, and the rustic bridge with two dirty ponds filled
with banana peels in the third section ? '

" ' If you would consent to take one of the other sec-
tions,' said Mr. Herrick, ' I think something would
grow out of it.

" ' Eitlicv one of the other three sections,' interposed
Mayor Rose.

" Gen. Elwell emphatically declared that the Com-
mission would not take any other section.

"'Well,' said Mr. Herrick, 'if you are determined to
build there, let the blood be upon your own skirts.'

" Here the meeting ended with no conclusion
reached."

The World printed the following sensible editorial
on September ist:

" At this late day, after the matter has been fought
through the Legislature and litigated through the
Courts, and the whole matter fairly and honorably
settled that the Soldiers' Monument should go into the
southeast corner of the Public Square and the work
upon construction has begun, an attempt is being made
to rouse public sentiment by public meetings and to beg
of the Monument Commission to place the Monument
elsewhere.

" It seems to us that all this sort of thing is out of
date.

" It should have been done ten years ago, if at all.

li After the Commission has been subjected to the
annoyance and expense of lawsuits, and has been en-
tirely victorious, it seems very late to enter into the
business of supplicating.

" It is indeed strange that people can never awake to
the seriousness of a situation until it is too late.

" As a matter of fact, we do not believe that there
would have been any special objection raised to the
erection of the Monument on the proposed site had it

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 217

not been for the constant agitation of a certain news-
paper that is simply hostile to the whole Monument
scheme and feels that the more it can annoy the Com-
missioners the greater point it will make.

" Whether the northeast corner of the Square is a
good or bad place for the Monument, it does seem that
it is now too late to kick successfully about locating
it there."

Mark well the proposition of the City government.
They would readily consent to the occupancy of either
of the other three sections of the Square. The object
of the Commission was accomplished. They had
smoked out the City officials, and planted them just
where the defunct Park Commissioners stood. There
would be space enough for the Monument on any of the
other sections of the Square, the structure would be
suitable, but the objection was to the particular section
desired. As an actual fact, all of the sections are of ex-
actly similar dimensions. The puny actions of the City
officials were as utterly devoid of consistency as they
were of fair dealing. They were easily caught in the
trap set for them by the Commission, to test their
motive and sinceritv.

XV.

ANEW " Richmond," fiercely booted and spurred,
rushes madly into the fray ! It will be nicely
tamed by the time its wisdom teeth are cut !

The small squad of cranks now began to get in their
work. The fence around the southeast section of the
Square caused a few " influential citizens" a slight
temporary inconvenience. In their perambulations to
and from lunch, at the Union Club on Euclid Avenue,
they were compelled to walk a few feet more than
formerly. This had a depressing effect on these
methodical gentlemen, resulting in giving them a bad
case of dyspepsia. The fact that a fence had hitherto
been built around the foundation of everv new down-
town business block, agreeable to a City Ordinance
made and provided for such purpose, seemed to be
completely forgotten. That particular fence around the
foundation of the Soldiers' Monument was " an outrage,
and must come down ! " The poor dyspeptics felt
terrifically disgruntled, and they rose right up on their
dignity and protested.

As one of their butterfly dudes expressed himself:
" Weally, dontcherno, the deah boys wouldn't stawnd
it! Us fellahs mus'n't be twi fled with ! Our pawths
must not be obstwucted ! That blawsted fence must
come down, dontcherno."

Notwithstanding the acrimonious protests of a few
unhappy gentlemen, the Monument Commission were
necessitated to go right on in the line of their duty to
the accomplishment of their work. So straightway the
club'diners and luncheon squad sought to plant a new

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 221

battery against the incipient Monument, which would
cause the Commissioners to immediately capitulate.
Their mighty Krupp gun bore upon its breech the sig-
nificant and captivating legend — " Board of Trade."

Neatly printed circulars were gotten out, couriers
were sent hither and yon to collect sufficient recruits to
man the battery. The newspapers were pressed into
the service; glaring headlines, stirring editorials, local
squibs, knowing winks, earnest entreaties, hearty hand-
shakes, and all the preliminaries and paraphernalia
incident to the siege of a castle were brought into
requisition, supplemented and sustained by the muni-
tions and resources of the vast commerce of the inland
seas and the prosperous industries of a beautiful and
expanding city. The Monument Commissioners were
to be annihilated. The promoters of the " Monster
Mass Meeting" started off with the self-satisfied and
martial airs of a new country brass band on its first
public appearance. However, by the time the curtain
dropped on their grand drama of the Board of Trade,
the orchestra could not pump wind enough to fill a
mouth organ.

The old Board of Trade, before its recent reconstruc-
tion, expansion and modern commercial spirit, was in
its infancy but an humble institution with a sonorous
name. Its membership — on paper — was eminently
respectable. The list of members was " long " on the
books, " short " at meetings. Annual fees and dues
were promptly paid — when called or sent for. On
ordinary, everyday occasions, sometimes as many as six
business men and the Secretary came together. Occa-
sionally a huge transaction took place on 'Change, such
as the selling or buying of a full car load of potatoes.
Then again a few crates of eggs would change hands, as
well as the oats in which the eggs were packed. The
dingy headquarters attained to the dignity of being

222 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

supplied with a ticker, which reeled off quotations with
the fascinating interest of base-ball scores, horse-racing
results, and other like important public events.

At last the auspicious occasion had arisen when the
fast decaying Board of Trade would assume a new life,
when they would make one last grand rally in defense
of the Street Railroad Corporations, or perish in the
attempt. Of course this " Monster Mass Meeting of
the Representative Business Men of Cleveland" would
strike terror to the hearts of the Monument Commission,
would cause them to unconditionally surrender the fruits
of the victory for which they had been battling the past
thirteen years ! The fateful day of the conflict at last
arrived. The clans began to gather from the " three
quarters " of the City. The bare floor and unpainted
walls of the rented headquarters of the Board of Trade
began to echo with the tramp, tramp, tramp, and the
voices of as many as three hundred and fifty brave
business men, their aiders, abettors and advisers. The
Monument Commissioners, too, were there; uninvited
and unbidden, meek and humble, in the presence of " so
much influence ! " As the meeting proceeded, pande-
monium reigned supreme. Parliamentary usages were
cast to the winds. Freedom of speech was a lost pre-
rogative, especially as applied to several members of
the Commission. The balky assemblage paid little, if
any, attention to the bell of Col. William Edwards, the
genial starter. After many trials, and frequent " scor-
ing," the word "go" was given, only to result in the
President's unruly horses running away with him. At
last a semblance of order was brought out of chaos, and
the meeting went on. We publish extracts from the
Leader of September 2nd, giving a report of it :

" There was a lively citizens' meeting at the Board of
Trade rooms, Thursday morning, in reference to the
Soldiers' Monument question, but it cannot be said that

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 223

very much was accomplished. There were several elo-
quent speeches on both sides of the controversy, and
resolutions of no uncertain sound were adopted. A
committee on conference, whose duty it would be to
confer with the Monument Commissioners as to the
matter of a suitable site for the Monument other than
the chosen location, was also appointed, but as the
Commissioners refused to meet the Committee, it is
hard to see what benefit will result from their appoint-
ment. The meeting was an extremely lively one, and
while, on the whole, good feeling prevailed, there were
a few personalities which had been better left unsaid.
The citizens were somewhat late in arriving at the
Board of Trade, and at 11 o'clock, the hour set for the
gathering, the prospects for a large meeting looked
rather dim. Five minutes later, the people began to
arrive in droves and they kept coming until when the
meeting was called to order, standing room was at a
premium, and the last comers had to be content with
accommodations in the passage or gallery. All told,
there were over 350 persons present, and among them
were the most representative and influential citizens of
Cleveland. The Monument Commission was repre-
sented by Generals Leggett and Elwell, Captain Sco-
field, Colonel Dewstoe, Major Gleason, Captain Bohm
and James Hayr.

" After rapping for order, President Edwards said a
few words explanatory of the object of the meeting.
He said the question of placing the Monument in the
Square had never been properly discussed by the cit-
izens at large. He paid a glowing tribute to the services
performed by the ex-Soldiers, and said that in no city
of the United States was their memory more revered
than in Cleveland. Still there was a very strong senti-
ment against placing the Soldiers' Monument in the
Square, and it was to discuss that question that the

224 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

meeting had been called. President Edwards then said
that the meeting would like to hear from General M.
D. Leggett. The suggestion was loudly applauded,
and General Leggett was given a hearty round of ap-
plause as he left his seat in the gallery and stepped for-
ward to the President's desk.

" ' I believe the first thing for me to do is to apolo-
gize for being here,' said the venerable ex-Soldier.
' The invitation I received was for those who desired to
protest against placing the Monument in the Square,
and I don't belong to that class.''

" There was a volley of applause at this assertion, and
the fact became apparent that the Monument Commis-
sion had plenty of friends in the room. ' I have been
a member of the Commission since its organization,'
continued General Leggett, ' and I submit that I know
something about the Monument. There is an old
adage common to us lawyers — I think Lord Coke was
the author of it — to the effect that if a man neglects to
speak when he ought to speak, he should be prohibited
from speaking when he wants to speak. [Applause.]
That adage is applicable on this occasion. This site
was chosen twelve years ago, and it was known to every-
body, but there has been no protest until now.' Gen-
eral Leggett said the southeast section of the Square
is the only section that is adapted to the Monument.
The tablet room is to be forty feet square and twenty
feet high, he continued, and it would look altogether
too squatty and unsightly on any other section of the
Square, in each of which the ground is much lower.
' If the citizens have kept still until we have expended
$150,000 and contracted for more expenditures,' the
General went on, 4 1 think it is almost unconscionable
for them to meet at this late day and protest against
the chosen site. We don't want to fly in the face of the
community, but we honestlv believe we are right in the

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 225

matter. The Monument will not be standing thirty
days before nine out of every ten of the people who are
objecting to the site will say the Monument is a beauti-
ful thing and just exactly in the right place. It is not
possible for us to do anything else than we are doing.
No other door is open to us.'

1 T. M. Heard said he had only a few words to say,
and he proceeded to say them, despite considerable in-
terruption. He said he was originally opposed to the
Square as a site for the Monument, but since the Courts
had decided that that was the proper place for it, he had
withdrawn his opposition, and thought everybody else
ought to acquiesce also. Then Mr. Heard went on to
tell a story about a parrot which had acquired the habit
of swearing, but the audience didn't want to hear the
story and the speaker was obliged to desist.

"Colonel Dewstoe moved that Captain Scofield be
invited to submit and explain the plans for the Monu-
ment. The speaker said that a majority of those
present had never seen the plans and should not oppose
the Monument until thev knew what thev were talking
about. The motion was carried, and Captain Scofield
came forward carrying a big roll of parchment. Pres-
ident Edwards asked him to be as brief as possible.
' It wont take very long,' said the Captain.

' Well, then, I'll give you five minutes,' said the
presiding officer.

' I wouldn't think of attempting to explain the plans
in that short time, and if that is all I can have I decline
to say anything,' replied Captain Scofield, and he went
back to his seat.

Hon. R. C. Parsons was called for and went forward.
His speech was a very eloquent one. He began by re-
ferring to a meeting of citizens which he attended
thirty years ago, when recruits were being sent for-
ward to the seat of war. ' People came forward in

226 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

crowds to pay money to help our boys,' he continued,
' and I thought at that time that I had never known a
more loyal or devoted community than Cleveland was.
And when I read in the papers the other day that a
member of this Commission declared that Cleveland
cared nothing for the Soldiers1 Monument and wished
it was in hell, I thought the man must be blind. Why,
Cleveland was the incarnation of loyalty during the war,
and it was here that the cradle of freedom was rocked.'
Then the speaker told of several touching incidents of
kindness to the returning Soldiers at Washington at the
close of the war, and continuing, he said : ' This was
truly God's country, and Cleveland was one of its
brightest jewels. Never let me hear that Cleveland
doesn't love her Soldiers. Never let me see an old Sol-
dier who is worthy of respect walk along our streets
without any one who calls himself a man being ready
to take off his hat. It is true that no one objected to
this site for the Monument until lately. The reason
was that we did not know what the Monument was to
be like. Now we find that the Square and the Monu-
ment are no more suited to each other than the big hat
of a man is suited to the head of a little boy. The
Public Square is sacred to our people, and it is none too
sacred for a Monument to our Soldiers. But when you
come to take away a monument that is already fitted
both by associations and size to that place, and put in
its stead a structure that is forty feet square and a
hundred feet high, you make a great mistake. It has
been said that the Commission have a perfect right to
go ahead. Legally, that is so; morally, it is not so. The
great mass of our citizens are opposed to that location.
The Monument is owned by the people, and ought not
to be placed on any site that the mass of the people are
opposed to. The people are perfectly willing to pay
another $100,000 if the Monument is put elsewhere.'

soldiers' and sailors1 monument. 227

" Rev. Dr. C. S. Bates was asked to say a few words
and he was listened to with marked interest. ' I had
something to do with the army,1 he began, 'and from
the bottom of my heart I sympathize with the honor of
our citizen soldiery. I am opposed to placing the Mon-
ument on the Square. The question is : Is there not, in
fairness, already established a prior claim to this
ground ? Ought we to set aside a monument in mem-
ory of the achievements of eighty years ago to make
room for one in commemoration of those of thirty years
ago? I know the Commission do not think so, but it
will certainly be regarded as a slight to the memory of
Commodore Perry if his statue is removed to make
way for the new Monument. Only once in human his-
tory did an American fleet meet the mistress of the
waves and demonstrate that on some waters, at least,
Britannia does not rule the waves. Perry's Monument
is unique in that it commemorates the victory of an
American fleet over a British fleet, and we ought to call
the place where it stands consecrated ground.

" ' The members of this Commission are all noble men
and fit to stand with the most princely men in the
world,' continued Dr. Bates, ' but they do not represent
our citizens properly in this matter. I want our Soldiers
to be honored by the love of their countrymen, and no
monument that may be erected should stand as an
odium or reproach, but as voicing the acclaims of the
whole people. If the Commission will feel that although
they have won a victory in the Courts, they may rise to
a grander height by losing something of their personal
preference, I believe that for all that they thus lose, they
will find in the honor that will come to them ample
recompense. They say it is too late. It is never too
late for anybody to try and cultivate the good- will of
the community. Suppose that this meeting would ap-
point a Committee on Conference, and that committee

228 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

should say to you, ' we can secure a better site for the
Monument, acceptable alike to you and the people,' is
there not a possibility of adjustment along that line?'

" Dr. Bates' suggestion for a Conference Committee
was loudly applauded and bore fruit later in the pro-
ceedings.

" Mr. John B. Cofhnberry was recognized as Dr. Bates
sat down, and he made a speech that caused a great
deal of amusement. ' Two days ago,' he said, ' the
people of the West Side were relegated to a position of
obscurity by a person who is a Justice of the Peace, and
from whose decision there can therefore be no appeal.
Despite that gentleman's utterances, howeYer, I firmly
belieYe that there are half a dozen suitable sites for the
Monument other than the Public Square, and one of
these sites may be found on the West Side.'

" Captain Scofield said that the people who had not
seen the plans could not comprehend what the Monu-
ment was to be. ' There is no man in the city who
thinks more of Perry's statue than I do,' he added,
' but I belieYe the proper place for him is on the bank
of the lake.'

" At this point, Mr. J. H. McBride moved that the
chair appoint a committee of five on resolutions. The
motion was adopted, and President Edwards named the
following gentlemen as the committee: J. H. McBride,
Hon. M. A. Hanna, S. M. Strong, G. W. Short and W.
H. Corning. They retired to the Secretary's office
to prepare their report. As the door closed behind them,
Col. A. T. Van Tassel said : 1 1 would like to ask Cap-
tain Scofield if the Commission shouldn't spend the
people's money in the way the people say.'

' We were appointed to perform a special duty, and
we haYe been laboring for five or six years to accom-
plish that duty,' replied Captain Scofield. ' We have
spent nearly fourteen years trying to find out the sense

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 231

of the people, and I firmly believe that the largest pro-
portion of the people of Cuyahoga Comity want the
Monument to go on the Square.'

" Major W. J. Gleason, in response to numerous calls,
walked to the front of the room and made an address.
' I am glad that at last something has arisen that is
sufficient to fill this room,' he said, sarcastically. ' It
is a very unusual thing for a meeting of the Board of
Trade to fill this room. Once a year, on the occasion
of the annual free lunch, there is a large crowd here,
but as a rule the attendance is very slim.' The Major's
words were smothered by shouts of protest at the na-
ture of his remarks. For a minute he could not make
himself heard, but finally shouted: 'I've heard geese
before, and these few geese don't bother me a bit.' He
went on to say that Perry's statue was not now placed
right or ' pointed ' right. ' We as a Commission,' he
said, ' wanted to know the sentiment of the people as
regards a site for the Monument, but where have you
been for the past thirteen years ? The people of
this county are not represented here. There are 400,-
000 people in Cuyahoga county, and this meeting can't
presume to speak for the whole county. We are willing
to put the question to a vote, but where do a majority
of the people want the Monument ? Some want it
on the W7est Side, some want it on the South Side,
some want it in WTade Park. They wont all agree
on any one site. From October 30, 1S79, until two
days ago, you have said, 'put it on the Square,' and
that is the place where a majority of the people of the
county want it.'

" N. A. Gilbert, Esq., said he was opposed to placing
the Monument on the Square, yet he wanted to say that
he had seldom heard more manly words than those
spoken by Major Gleason. ' He puts the question
fairly,' continued Mr. Gilbert. ' Where do you want the

232 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

Monument ? The Commission are not to be treated as
men violating the law. They are honest gentlemen
and are doing what they believe to be right. They
have moved on and performed their duty and it is only
now that the people have become awake and concluded
that they don't want the Monument on the Square.
Now is the time and now the place to apply the good
common sense of a committee who shall act as buffers
between the litigants. I heartily approve Dr. Bates'
suggestion that a Conference Committee be appointed.'

" Captain M. B. Gary made an earnest plea for har-
mony, and was followed by Colonel C. C. Dewstoe. The
latter said there was one phase of the controversy which
he could not understand, and that was, why it would
be a sacrilege to move Perry's statue now, when not a
word of that sort of sentiment was breathed when his
statue was removed from its original location to that
now occupied. 'This talk about sacrilege is only an
artificial objection,' continued Colonel Dewstoe. ' Most
of you really think that the lake front is the proper
place for Perry, and the truth of the matter is that you
want to extend Euclid Avenue through the Square.
I'll wager that if such a project as that was started
there would be no talk about the sacrilege of moving
Perry.'

"The Committee on Resolutions returned to the room.
Their report was presented and it recommended the
adoption of the following :

" Resolved, That we cordially approve the erection, at the cost of
the taxpayers of Cuyahoga County, of a suitable Monument to the
memory of the brave Soldiers and Sailors who served with patriotic
zeal in the late Civil War.

" Resolved, That such Monument, paid for by the voluntary tax-
ation of the people themselves, is public property, and its character
and location should meet the approval and convenience, as far as
possible, of the general public.

" Resolved, That in our judgment the selection of the southeast

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 233

corner of the Public Square, in the City of Cleveland, as the site for
said Monument, is prejudicial to the convenience and comfort of
our citizens, because the laud is absolutely necessary to the daily
needs of the people and is wholly unsuitable for the Monument
itself. If the Monument should be built there, it will, so long as it
remains, prove an object of public disapprobation and irritation.
We protest against such location as unnecessary, unwise and im-
politic.

" Resolved, That we recommend the purchase by the City of a
suitable plot of land for the Monument and that the Legislature be
asked for all necessary authority to pay for the same.

" Resolved, That a committee of five members of this meeting be
appointed by the chair to consult with the Monument Commis-
sioners upon the propriety of selecting a new site for the Soldiers'
Monument.

" Chairman Edwards appointed J. H. McBride, Hon.
M. A. Hanna, Hon. George H. Ely, Col. R. C. Parsons,
and S. M. Strong as the Committee on Conference. It
was then moved and seconded that the Commission be
requested to suspend operations until the Conference
Committee could meet with them. The motion was
carried. There were cries of ' we wont,' in which
James Hayr's voice was recognized."

The result of the Board of Trade fiasco added fuel
to the flame. The mouthings and writings of the
cranks began to assume a threatening attitude. A few
misguided people were worked up to take sides with
the opposition. The effect of their work is republished
from the Leader of September 3d :

" The first attempt to tear down the fence which en-
closes the southeast section of the Public Square was
made shortly after 1 o'clock on Friday afternoon. At that
hour quite a large crowd of men assembled at the gate
which opens on Superior Street diagonally across from
the postoffice. There was some talk, and then the gate
was forced open, and the crowd rushed inside the en-
closure, where a force of men were at work excavating
for the Soldiers' Monument. They hooted at the work-
men, and then marched toward the gate at the Ontario

234 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY .

Street entrance. They threatened to tear down that
gate also, and the excitement for the time being ran
high. The leader of the crowd who was inciting them
on to action was John R. McGrevey, who lives at No.
24 Lyons Street. The police were notified, and Mc-
Grevey was placed under arrest. The crowd was then
driven out of the enclosure by the police, and the gate
was again placed in position. McGrevey is about thirty
years of age. A warrant was secured in the Police
Prosecutor's office charging him with malicious destruc-
tion of property.

" Just previous to the storming of the gate there was
a speech to the crowd outside by a large man, well
dressed, and who was somewhat excited. He said that
he honored the Soldiers for their deeds of valor, and
that a Monument should be erected to their memory.
He thought that Commodore Perry was entitled to
credit also, for he was the only American who ever
whipped a British fleet. The Commodore had a dear
spot in their affections, he said, and the Monument
erected to his memory should not be disturbed. He
added that the Square was public property, and that
the public had a right to it.

" Somebody said something about tearing down the
fence. The crowd, which was composed to a large ex-
tent ot bootblacks, newsboys, and loiterers, needed no
further incentive. Voluntarily a rush was made for the
big pine gate, and down it went in a few seconds. The
crowd pressed inside. Men came running from every
direction. Passengers on street cars left their seats and
ran to the scene. It was the hour when the streets
were full of people returning from luncheon. Business
and professional men ran to see the fun and in a few
moments' time the enclosure was nearly filled with
people.

" The onlv member of the Monument Commission

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 235

who was on the scene was Gen. Elwell, who arrived
soon after the fence was stormed. He was very much
agitated. He had just been discussing the subject with
a citizen, and had been asking why it was that so many
people were opposed to placing the Monument in the
Square when those who knew what it was to be knew
that it was the finest work of art of the kind in the
world, and that there was nothing in all Europe which
compared with it. The General's indignation got the
better of him for a moment, and he shouted to Patrol-
man Dangler to arrest the men. Several bystanders
pointed to young McGrevey, who was in custody of Pa-
trolman Dangler, and said that he was the leader of the
mob. There was intense excitement as the patrolman
started to the Central Police Station with the young
man. The crowd followed and jeered. McGrevey de-
nied that he led the crowd, and said that the gate was
down when he appeared on the scene. The crowd had
been persuaded to leave the enclosure and stood on the
outside. When Patrolman Dangler appeared through
the Ontario Street gate with young McGrevey the
crowd followed them to the station-house.

" In the meantime the crowd talked about renewing
the work of destroying the fence. Two stalwart men
were placed on guard at the gate to keep intruders out,
and to open it for the workmen who passed out and in
with their wheelbarrows. There was considerable
angry talk and several excited men besought every pa-
triotic citizen to turn out at 10 o'clock at night and tear
down the fence. Several persons wrote on the fence in
big black letters, ' Wanted, 10,000 men to assemble in
the Square at 10 o'clock to-night, to tear down the
stockade.'

" The workmen were not molested after the first rush,
and the crowd soon dispersed.

"After the crowd was excluded, Capt. Scofield re-

236 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

mained inside the stockade and directed the workmen.
The crowd peered through the cracks in the fence, and
occasionally hooted at the workmen, and uttered de-
risive cries.

" When Patrolman Dangler and McGrevey entered
the station, they were followed by a number of the lat-
ter's sympathizers and a good deal of loud talking was
indulged in on all sides. McGrevey became eloquent
in defending himself and made use of strong language
in maintaining his position. He said : ' This placing
me under arrest does not injure the cause in the least.
The whole city is behind my back, and there are
enough others to carry on the work. Let them build
up the fence, it will be all torn down before long.'

" There was some indecision among the officials as to
what course to piirsue in regard to the arrest. Lieut.
Burns refused to have the arrest entered on the blotter
until the charge upon which McGrevey should be tried
was decided upon. Gen. Elwell then went up stairs to
the Prosecutor's office and a warrant was issued by
Prosecutor Fiedler charging McGrevev with malic-
iously injuring property. Gen. Elwell put up $10 for
costs. The warrant was served upon McGrevey and his
name was then entered upon the books. He was regis-
tered as John R. McGrevey, a riveter, thirty years of
age, living at No. 24 Lyons Street. After his first dis-
play of anger, the prisoner relapsed into moody silence,
and refused to speak at all. Attorney F. E. Dellen-
baugh entered the station with a number of other
men at about the time the registry was made. He at
once caused a bail bond to be made out for $100, and
as he affixed his name to it he remarked that nothing
he had done in a year made him feel any better. The
bond was also signed by L. B. Whitney, F. V. Faul-
haber, S. M. Wolcott, Jr., and A. J. Scribner.

l> Mr. Dellenbaugh remarked to a party of gentlemen

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 237

who stood with him discussing the assault that he
would like to bail out a man every minute who was ar-
rested upon such a charge. Gen. Elwell said to him :

'" What ! do you mean that you would countenance
such conduct as that ? '

" ' Yes, I would like to bail a man out every minute.
The people are speaking, and I have always recognized
the voice of the people as the voice of God.' Mr. Del-
lenbaugh said later that he hoped there would be a
large attendance at the taxpayers' meeting in the Square
Saturday night to discuss the question as to where the
Soldiers' Monument should be placed.

" ' Will they tear down the fence?' asked a bystander.

" ' You can't control a lot of angry men,' he replied.
1 You can't tell what will happen.'

" A meeting of the Monument Commissioners and
the Board of Trade Committee, appointed to confer
with them, will be held at the rooms of the Board of
Control at 11 o'clock this morning. There were all
sorts of rumors last night that a compromise site for
the Monument would be agreed upon, but there was
nothing authentic to give rise to the hope that the war-
fare is closed.

" A meeting will be held in the Public Square, north-
east section, to-night. Conservative citizens who have
spoken at all on the subject deplore the attempt to hold
a meeting, believing that no good can come if a mis-
cellaneous crowd assembles in the Square, as most
likely will be the case, for the purpose of witnessing
excitement.

" One week from to-day will be the seventy-ninth an-
niversary of Commodore Perry's victory, near Put-in-
Bay, over the British naval fleet, under Commodore
Barclay. It was after this battle that the following fa-
mous letter was sent to Gen. William Henry Harrison :

238 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

" U. S. Brig Niagara, off Western Sisters, September 10th, 1813,
4 P. M.

" We have met the enemy, and they are ours.

TI TT ,, " Oliver H. Perry.

" Gen. Wieeiam H. Harrison."

" It has been suggested, and was a current topic of
conversation on the streets yesterday, that all demon-
strations in honor of the anniversary should be post-
poned until next Saturday. At that time, it was stated,
the proper thing to do would be to have a celebration
that would be fitting to the occasion. The fact that
this is the Columbian year ; that an interest is being
taken in American history such as has never been
taken before, and that Commodore Perry's name is a
household word at present, were all used in arguments
in favor of appropriate exercises in honor of his mem-
ory. From the tenor of the suggestions made by a
number of citizens who talked about the matter, it is
safe to say that a call will be issued soon, from some
place, that such a meeting be held.

" ' It is our duty to prevent disturbance, and we must
of course insist on an observance of the law," said
Mayor Rose when informed of the arrest of the fence
breaker yesterday. ' While nearly all citizens object to
the fence in the Square, we can not allow them to tear
it down in violation of law. If a mob of four or
five thousand undertook the task they would probably
have the fence down before the police could be mus-
tered, but it will not be done if we can prevent it.'
[Rather suggestive that, coming from the Mayor of the
city. But the cowardly mob did not act on the hint. —
W.' J. G.]

" Mr. J. H. McBride, Hon. M. A. Hanna, Hon. R. C.
Parsons, Hon. Geo. H. Ely and Mr. S. M. Strong, the
Committee appointed at the Citizens' meeting in the
Board of Trade rooms on Thursday to confer with the
Soldiers' Monument Commission, met yesterday at the

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 241

office of Mr. M. A. Hanna, in the Perry-Payne building.
A communication was sent to Major Gleason, President
of the Monument Commission, asking when and where
they could meet the Commission. The Major replied
that a conference might be held in the Board of
Control room in the City Hall at 11 o'clock this
morning.

" In speaking of the conference to a reporter, Major
Gleason said : ' It will be interesting to see with what
sort of a proposition the Committee will come to the
conference. As business men, they should not ask. us
to abandon the Square without offering us another site
just as good. There are plenty of good sites in the
city, but I know of no desirable one except the one in
the Square that is available for the Monument. I sup-
pose that they will take up the subject where the Board
of Trade meeting left off, and that there will be a lot
of discussion. I understand that they are going to fire
at us the Council resolution giving General Meyer au-
thority to bring proceedings to keep us off the Square.
That resolution was about twelve years behind the
times and should be stowed away with the other an-
cient rubbish.' "

A conference of the Board of Trade Committee and
the Monument Commissioners was held on Sept. 3d, a
report of which we clip from the Leader of the follow-
ing date :

''A score of gentlemen gathered in the Board of Con-
trol rooms, Saturday morning, to discuss the Soldiers'
Monument question. They were members of the Monu-
ment Commission and of the Conference Committee
appointed at the Board of Trade meeting. Before the
meeting was called to order the gentlemen considered
the matter in an informal way.

"'Were there a number of competitive designs?'
asked Mr. M. A. Hanna.

242 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

" 'No; we took Captain Scofield's design, and added
to it from time to time,' responded Major Gleason.

" Mr. Hanna called attention to the fact that every
law providing for an increase in the tax levy included
the provision that it should be used for the construction
of the Monument and the purchase of a site. He took
that as an indication that the Commission had some
other site than the Square in view as a contingency. It
hardly bore out the claim of the Commission that the
Monument was designed for the Public Square and
could not be placed anywhere else.

" 'When was work on the Monument begun?' asked
Mr. Hanna.

" 'In 1885,' responded Major Gleason.

" 'When did you get authority to use the Square?'

" ' In 1888, but from the first we figured on placing it
there.'

"'There has been some talk about this being an
eleventh-hour 'kick,' said Mr. Hanna. 'I believe that
no objection has been made heretofore because people
had no conception of the character of the Monument.
I, for one, supposed that its base would be two or three
times as large as that of the Perry statue, but now I find
that it is to be a house. It will fill the entire section of
the Square, and will be a serious obstruction there.
There is not a person in Cleveland who is opposed to
the Monument, but a majority of the people do believe
that a better site than the Square can be selected.'

" General James Barnett was made Chairman and
Mr. M. A. Hanna Secretary. General Barnett suggested
that the discussion should be conducted without acri-
mony and ill-feeling. ' The Committee are not here to
oppose the Monument,' said Mr. J. H. McBride, 'but to
represent a large class of people who do not think it
should be placed in the Square.'

"General Barnett — 'This Commission have had onlv

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 243

one site available and the work has gone on with refer-
ence to that. If a mistake has been made it should
be pointed out and a remedy suggested. Have the
Committee a definite proposition to make as to any
other site?'

" Mr. Hanna — 'I do not understand that we have. We
spent a good deal of time yesterday discussing various
sites, and we have several men getting information.
We hope to impress the Commission with the fact that
a large majority of the people are opposed to the Square
as a site. If the Square will ever be good for anything
it will be to relieve the congested state of affairs that
will arise with the increase of population. This Com-
mittee were appointed for conference and have not come
with any proposition. If a mistake has been made as
to the site, another should be selected.'

"General Barnett — ' It is to be regretted that nothing
was said during the past thirteen years. The Commis-
sioners have always been willing to meet any citizen
who had a suggestion to make, and it is late now to
bring up this subject. But it may not be too late.'

" Hon. R. C. Parsons asked the Commissioners
whether they would be willing to place the Monument
at the foot of Ontario Street, at the foot of Erie Street
opposite Lakeside Hospital, in Wade Park, at the corner
of Euclid and Huron Street, in Eake View Cemetery,
or the northeast section of tlie Public . Square. He
praised the Monument from an artistic standpoint, and
said that it could not be shown to proper advantage
in the Public Square. He said that he had seen all the
National Monuments of note in the civilized world, and
they all had better sites than was proposed for the
Soldiers' Monument. He asked whether the Commis-
sioners would submit the question to a vote of the peo-
ple. He believed that nine out of ten people were
opposed to the obstruction of the Square. He referred

244 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

to Attorney Frank E. Dellenbaugh. James Hayr inter-
rupted with the exclamation :

" ' Mr. Dellenbaugh's remarks are not appreciated
here ; his uncle is President of the East CleYeland
Railroad Company.'

" ' I would rather have the Monument stand forever
on the Square,' said Colonel Parsons, ' than have the
street railroad run through the Square. I represent no
corporation but the people, and I do represent the
people.'

" Mr. Hayr explained that he did not wish to inti-
mate that Colonel Parsons represented a corporation.

"Another reference was made to Lake View Ceme-
tery, and General Barnett said :

" ' I think that site may as well be eliminated from
the discussion. I do not believe the people would want
the Monument placed in a graveyard.'

"Colonel Parsons — 'You remember, General, that it
was proposed to place the Garfield Monument in the
Public Square. It would have been a monstrosity on
that site. If the Commissioners are satisfied that the
people favor the Square, why not submit it to a vote?'

" He also asked the Commission to name some other
site than the Square that would meet with their ap-
proval, and if its cost was within the bounds of reason
it would be purchased for them.

" Major Gleason declared that the Committee had not
obtained accurate information concerning the Monu-
ment. He gave figures to prove that it would be less
of an obstruction than was claimed by the Committee.
Next to the Public Square he favored Wade Park.

' We will purchase the reserved section in the cen-
ter of Wade Park,' said Colonel Parsons.

'Well, we should like to see in writing any proposi-
tion that may be made,' resumed Major Gleason. 'Dur-
ing the past thirteen years we have been going ahead

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 245

and the people have been with us. Your Committee
represents a very enterprising Board — where were you
all these years? The Park Commissioners offered us
any quarter of the Square except this southeast section.
Mr. Wade said that it might be wanted some day for an
extension of Euclid Avenue. The site at the corner of
Erie and Summit Streets would cost $200,000.'

" 'Why not place it in Lake View Park opposite On-
tario Street?' asked Hon. Geo. H. Ely.

" ' It would be practically impossible to get a founda-
tion there,' answered a Commissioner. ' Besides, Onta-
rio Street is laid out through the Park, and cannot be
legally diverted from public purposes.'

"Colonel C. C. Dewstoe said the only objection that
could be urged against the southeast section of the
Square as a site was the fact that it might be needed
for an extension of Euclid Avenue. He considered it
strange that the Commissioners were offered any other
section of the Square. He said that if the Monument
were placed in the Square it should be in the southeast
section. The Commissioners have no idea of doing any-
thing to inconvenience the people.

" ' What is the basis of all this opposition if the peo-
ple favor the Square as a site?' asked Mr. Hanna.

" 'There is a false sentiment that is being worked up
about Perry,' said Colonel Dewstoe. ' The moving of
his statue would not involve any disrespect to his mem-
ory. No one objected when the statue was moved to
its present position. A number of Euclid Avenue prop-
erty owners are very anxious now to have the street
extended. The attorney of the East Cleveland Railroad
Company offered to bail out a hundred disturbers in the
Public Square. He offered encouragement to persons
who were attempting to coerce us by mob law. The
City Administration has acted in a very peculiar man-
ner, and the newspapers like to favor the public offi-

246 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

cials. They receive printing and other favors. If you
gentlemen know of any better site, I would be very
glad to hear it.'1

"Major Gleason explained that no member of the
Commission, including the designer, received a cent of
money. ' Statuary was modeled in this city for $250,' he
said, ' that would have cost $1,000 if the work had been
done by contract. We handle no money. When com-
pleted, it will be the grandest Monument in the country.'

" 'General Leggett says that it will be the finest in
the world,' said General Elwell.

" ' It has been reported that it will cost the City
$3,000 per year to care for the Monument,' said Mr. S.
M. Strong.

" ' It will not cost the city a cent, if the city will let
the old Soldiers have charge of the Monument,' said
Major Gleason.

" Mr. Bauder suggested that the site at Bond, Lake
and Summit Streets was a good one if it could be se-
cured. If the Commission was to turn back, however,
it must be an honorable retreat.

" Mr. Ely proposed the appointment of a joint com-
mittee to consider another site. General Barnett ex-
plained that a contract for the work had been awarded,
and that operations were being prosecuted with vigor.

" Mr. Hanna expressed the opinion that Colonel Mc-
Allister, the contractor, would not put in a claim for
damages if the work were to be stopped. ' Yes, but he
has been called to New Orleans on a great public occa-
sion,' explained Colonel Dewstoe, 'and it will be some
days before he returns to the city.'

" General Elwell was gratified by the spirit mani-
fested by the Committee, but he said he was discour-
aged by the bitter and almost vindictive spirit displayed
at the Board of Trade meeting.

"Colonel Parsons moved that a joint committee of

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 247

three Commissioners and three members of the Board
of Trade Committee be appointed to consider the ques-
tion of selecting another site.

" Mr. Hayr said he was willing to do anything that
was reasonable. He wondered at the sudden change of
sentiment in men who were until recently in favor of
the Square.

" General Elwell expressed confidence that the true
sentiment of the people was with the Commission.

" Colonel E. W. Force believed that the Monument
should be kept on the Square and that S2oo,ooo more
should not be spent. He did not believe that the tax-
payers would be willing to pay $200,000 more for a site.

" Mr. Henry W. S. Wood insisted that the Monument
should go in the Square. ' Throughout Europe,' said
he, ' the monuments are placed in the squares and not
in the suburbs. The West Side people want the Monu-
ment kept in the central part of the city.''

"The following resolution, offered by Mr Ely, was
adopted :

" Resolved, That a committee of five members of the Commis-
sion, of whom the Chairman shall be one, be appointed for confer-
ence and co-operation with the Committee appointed by the Board
of Trade in an endeavor to procure a site other than that selected
by the Commission, which shall harmonize the present existing
views on the subject.

" The meeting adjourned, subject to the call of Gen-
eral Barnett, the Chairman."

XVI.

THE cranks had at last succeeded in carrying out
their fond desire. They, too, held a "mass meet-
ing," the principal ingredients of which were noise,
personal abuse, and fury. It took place on the evening
of September 3d, and was reported in the Leader of next
day as follows:

" The northeast section of the Public Square was
black with people for two hours last night, and the fate
of the fence around the opposite section, where Perry
still stands in silent majesty, was a matter of conjecture
at several stages of the meeting. If some of the speak-
ers could have swayed the crowd, an attempt would
have been made to demolish the fence. Whether such
attempt could have been successful or not is very doubt-
ful, for forty guardians of the peace in the form of the
most stalwart members of the police force kept watch
and ward outside the enclosure, and it would not have
gone down without an accompaniment of broken heads
and bruised bodies. Fortunately, three-fourths of the
assembly were law-abiding citizens, and the other
fourth had nearly all the fight talked out of them by
the time General Meyer and other speakers had said
what they wanted to say. The meeting did one thing ;
they resolved to hold a celebration of Perry's victory
next Saturday, the proposed program involving the
decoration of the Commodore's statue. The first ratifi-
cation of last night's meeting was given by means of a
piece of black chalk in the hand of one of the moving
spirits in the Franklin Club. Invitations to gather in
the Square were scrawled in black and white on the

BRIGADIER -GENERAL JAMES BARNETT.

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 251

obnoxious fence in sundry places. Many of those who
read the invitation were straightway moved to write
something presumably appropriate themselves, and the
consequence was that by yesterday afternoon there was
a choice aggregation of notices on the outer wall.

" The outside of the big pine fence was literally cov-
ered with a large assortment of inscriptions and notices.
They were written and printed with lead pencils, chalk
of varied colors, and carbon pencils, although the vari-
ety in penmanship and lettering was more marked than
the assortment of ideas. The most conspicuous of the
inscriptions were notices written in a large hand in
many places, reading as follows: 'Mass meeting in the
Square to-night to protest against the removal of Perry's
Monument. Come, everybody/ Near the big gate
which was torn down the other day was written:
'Wanted — 10,000 men to assemble in the Square, at 10
o'clock to-night, to tear down this fence.' In big blue
letters on the fence was written : ' Come prepared for
action to the mass meeting. Bring axes, crow-bars,
picks and sledges.'

"There were not less than 2,000 people on the Square
when Dr. L. B. Tuckerman called them to order last
evening. The Doctor briefly announced the object of
the meeting, and asked that a chairman be appointed.
Thomas G. Fitzsimmons was selected without delay, and
he made a capable presiding officer. Edmund G. Vail
was the first man introduced to the assemblage. He
said the old Soldiers were being 'played for chumps by
the dozen men who were trying to run the Soldiers'
Monument.' 'Why don't some of these champions,
with marks on their faces that they got in slaughter-
houses and not on the battle-field, devote some of their
energies to getting pensions for deserving living old
Soldiers, instead of putting up a Monument to dead
ones where the people don't want it?' demanded Mr.

252 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

Vail. ' We don't want to have any ill feeling with the
South to-day,1 he continued. 'The war has been over
for twenty-seven years.'

" ' Well, we don't want any condemnation of the old
Soldiers. Don't give us any more of that sort of talk,'
shouted one of his auditors, and the words were greeted
with a ringing cheer.

" 'I'm not condemning the old Soldiers,' replied Mr.
Vail. My father and brother were good Soldiers — bet-
ter Soldiers than these men who have so much to say
about the war now. The men who are doing most of
the talking in favor of the old Soldiers are the men who
fought with their mouths thirty years ago. I don't
want you to pull down the fence. [Cries of 'pull it
down.'] The Commissioners put it up ; let them pay
for taking it down. Anyone who advocates pulling
down the fence is an Anarchist.'

'Who's he calling an Anarchist?' demanded a man,
who, if appearance counts for anything, was certainly
entitled to the appellation. As he asked the question,
the man elbowed his way toward the rostrum and shook
his fist at Vail. The question was repeated in louder
tones. The man's friends hustled him back to the edge
of the crowd. Mr. Vail continued his speech, but ever
and anon could be heard the inquiry, 'Who's an An-
archist?'

" The next speaker was WTilliam Heisley, Esq., who
began by saying that he was opposed to moving Perry's
Monument. He did not see much use for building a
Soldiers' Monument anywhere. ' If the men who were
building it must have their names recorded, let them
place it where the people want it,' he continued.
There were several shouts of 'Where do the people
want it?' 'I don't care where they want it. They cer-
tainly don't want it on the Square,' was the answer. ' I
don't question the legal right of the Commission to

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 253

place the Monument in the Square,' continued the ora-
tor, 'but it's mighty bad taste in them to go against the
wishes of the citizens. One thing is certain, they had
no right to place that fence there, and it can be demol-
ished by any man, and they can't punish him for it,
either.' This statement was enthusiastically received.
' The City authorities ought to remove the fence,' the
speaker went on, and he continued in the same strain,
berating the Mayor and General Meyer for what he
termed dereliction of duty. ' If General Meyer had told
the Mayor the fence had no right there, as he ought to
have told him, it would have been taken down in short
order,' was his concluding utterance.

" It happened that General Meyer was listening to
Mr. Heisley's speech, and when that ancient Democrat
retired the Director of Law stepped upon the rostrum
and forced his way through the crowd toward the front
of the stand. ' I am surprised to hear such utterances
from my old friend Heisley,' said General Meyer. ' He
knows, and you know, that for sixteen months I have
been using every means that could lawfully be used to
prevent the removal of Perry's monument, and yet I
heard him say that if I told the Mayor that fence should
come down, it would be taken down at once. Judge
Sherwood has issued an injunction restraining any offi-
cer or employe of the City, or any citizen, from inter-
fering with the fence. That being the case, what is the
duty of the Mayor and other officers of the City ? Is it
not our duty to set an example of respect to the Court
and wait until time shall bring about a remedy for the
wrong we complain of? He who counsels violence or
urges that a single chip of that fence be removed while
the injunction of the Court is in force is a public enemy.
[Applause.] I believe the fence has no right there, and
I would rather lose my right arm than see Perry's statue
taken down, but I, with all other citizens, must abide

254 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

bv the decree of the Court. Do not, by reason of bad
advice, forget your duty as American citizens. Do not
tarnish the honor of this fair city by saying to the world
that Cleveland knows no law and respects no authority.
These Commissioners who have been maligned here
to-night are honorable, patriotic American citizens. Do
not, I beg of you, cast a slur or reflection on the honor
and courage and patriotism of a single one of them.
They are wrong in their action. Protest against that
wrong. Protest that they must not go on with the ,
work. They will hear your voice and respect your
wishes.' [Applause.]

" F. E. Dellenbaugh, Esq., followed General Meyer
in an earnest speech, counseling respect for the Court's
injunction. ' The voice of the law is higher than the
voice of the people as long as the law remains on the
statute books,1 he said. ' Do not resort to violence, but
let time cure this evil. The law that authorized the
placing of this Monument in the Square can be re-
pealed, if need be.'

" Dr. R. A. Vance reached the rostrum at this point
in the proceedings. He made an eloquent speech in
behalf of law and order. ' Wait until the Legislature
meets, and seek redress from the body that made the
law and rendered it possible for the present state of
affairs to exist,' he concluded.

" The following resolution was handed to the Chair-
man, who read it as soon as Dr. Vance retired :

"Resolved, We, as citizens of Cleveland, in mass meeting assem-
bled, most earnestly protest against the removal of Perry's monu-
ment from its place on the Square, for any purpose whatsoever.

" The resolution was adopted with a shout that was
heard a mile away. Colonel Van Tassel then moved
that the Monument Commissioners be requested to
resign, ' so that a new Commission can be appointed
who would carry out the wishes of the people.' There

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 255

was another shout of approval when the motion was
put. The noes were called for, and a considerable
number of people responded. ' You're not in it,' said
the Chairman. ' The motion is adopted.' An individ-
ual, with one eye in mourning, who was under the influ-
ence of liquor, here wanted to know if the Chairman
'was a goin' to appoint a detail to. pull down the fence.'
Some of the kindred spirits in the audience applauded
the questioner, but no notice was taken of him by the
majority of the people. Peter Witt was on the rostrum.
He told the Chairman he would like to say a few wrords,
and was accordingly introduced. He made the most
incendiary speech of the evening. ' General Meyer and
Mr. Dellenbaugh have been telling von to obev the law,'
he began, ' but I say we've had too much law already.
It's nothing but law, law, law. If it hadn't been for so
much law, the fence wouldn't be there. The people
have a right to decide where the Monument should go,
and not a score of blacklegs, like the Monument Com-
mission. Most of you are afraid to say what you really
think about this matter, but I'm not afraid to speak my
mind. I'm not an ofhce-seeker, or a pap-sucker either,
and I speak as my heart directs. The old Soldiers that
people make so much fuss about only did what you or
I would do to-morrow if our services were needed.
They did nothing more nor less than their duty as Amer-
ican citizens. As long as the people are willing to pay
pensions to the old Soldiers, the people should have the
say as to where any monuments that they may be given
in addition to the pensions should go.' The Chairman
and others on the rostrum called Witt to order, and he
retired. Some of the crowd were not satisfied, however,
and, like Oliver Twist, called for 'more.' Dr. Tucker-
man said a few soothing words and urged that there be
no disorder. ' Let us wait the motion of the Courts,' he
added, 'and if the Courts don't move we can move the

256 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

Legislature. The Commission can be legislated out of
office if they don't do the will of the people.' The
Doctor concluded by making a motion that there be a
grand celebration of Perry's victory next Saturday night
in the Square, and that Perry be decorated if he should
still stand, and if he was down by that time the pieces
could be decorated. There were several shouts of 'How
are we going to get in?' and these were greeted with
laughter.

" 'That's not the motion,' said the Chairman. 'The
motion only contemplates a mass meeting and the
decoration of the statue.' The man with the discol-
ored eye said he knew a way to get inside the fence.
Nobody contradicted him. The motion for a celebra-
tion was carried unanimously. It was then moved that
the Commission be requested to open the gates of the
fence next Saturday night so that the statue can be
decorated. That motion also prevailed.

" Dr. Elroy M. Avery, who was standing near the
rostrum, was called on to speak. He said a few words
in condemnation of Witt's utterances. ' I have no sym-
pathy with men who refer to the Monument Commis-
sioners as blacklegs,' he said, 'and such language should
not be tolerated by this audience. I don't blame you
for wanting to pull down the fence, but I do blame you
if you try to pull it down. If Almighty God, in his
wrath and indignation, should strike the fence with
lightning and it should be burned up, I for one would
fold my hands and say, 'Thy will be done,' but we
can't interfere if God doesn't. Let General Meyer
take care of our interests. He and the other authori-
ties of the City will do all they can do legally to pre-
serve our rights.'

" David Rankin made a short speech in which Peo-
ple's party doctrines bobbed to the surface. He said if
the people had exhibited as much anxiety in regard to

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 257

the street car monopolies as they were showing in re-
gard to Perry's monument, they might have owned all
the street car lines in the city long ago. The meeting
was declared adjourned, and five minutes later the
Square was empty of all save the usual number of
loungers."

That was a cheerful gathering ! It forcibly illus-
trated what an unbridled mob would have done, unless
restrained by men of courage and discretion.

To show how public sentiment was working, we re-
produce an editorial from the Leader of September 4th :

" The meeting of the ■Monument Commission and the
Citizens' Committee yesterday was characterized by a
friendly spirit and disposition on- both sides to arrive at
an amicable settlement of the differences on the site
question. General Barnett, in behalf of the Commis-
sion, asked the Committee what mistake, if any, had
been made, and to propose a remedy for it. Both sides
of the controversy were set forth clearly and forcibly.
It remains to be seen whether the impression made
upon the members of the Commission will lead them
to change their plans. The matter ought to be settled
without any further hard words. The Monument Com-
mission is composed of well known and reputable
citizens, all of whom served in the Union Armies. Thus
far they have done nothing that the law did not au-
thorize them to do. They are engaged in a patriotic
work, and well deserve the gratitude of our people.
There should be no difference of opinion among Cleve-
landers concerning their efforts to erect a fitting me-
morial to the men who went forth from this county to
battle for the Union. What they have done has been
done for nothing, without expectation of any reward
other than the satisfaction of having aided in appro-
priately commemorating the valor and patriotism of the
men who went with them to the front. They are,

258 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

therefore, entitled to the most respectful consideration
of the people of Cleveland.

" Members of the Monument Commission have stated
that if their present plans are carried out they will, if
thought advisable, leave the Perry statue in the same
section of the Square where it now stands. This
should put an end to all the sentimental talk about
removing the statue of the Commodore. Its location
has been changed once and it would show no lack of
respect to the hero to move it a few feet from where
it now stands. Members of the Commission also offer
to refund to the county every cent of money thus far
expended on the Memorial, to restore the Square to its
former condition, and to sell the Monument to some
other city. This proposition should not be entertained
for a moment. It sounds like bluff, but no man who
knows the history and character of General Elwell will
accuse him of bluffing. The Monument must be erected
in this city. It will be an ornament to the city, an at-
traction to the people living within a hundred miles of
Cleveland, an effective lesson in history, and an inspi-
ration of patriotism to future generations. The adjust-
ment of the controversy should be left entirely in the
hands of the Committee and the Commission and the
City officials, and any intemperate talk on the subject
will not mend matters in the least. We feel confident
that the matter can and will be amicably adjusted
within a few days. The contending parties have almost
reached an agreement already. When Mayor Rose and
Directors Herrick and Gardner met the Monument
Commission last week, it was proposed on the part of
the City that the site should be changed to the north-
east corner of the Square. Yesterday, Colonel R. C.
Parsons made the same suggestion. Now, let the Com-
mission accept this. If the Board of Control will agree
to this proposition, the Leader believes the Commis-

CAPTAIN W. J. WOODWARD.

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 261

sioners will meet them. The Council should then
rescind the resolution directing the law officer of the
City to institute the suit against the Commission, and
the controversy would be settled by slight concessions
on each side."

The following heartfelt communication from Commis-
sioner Elwell was contributed to the Leader of Septem-
ber 5th :

" To the Editor of the Leader :

" Witnessing, as I did, at the Board of Trade meeting, the strong
and intense feeling of opposition by those present, calling them-
selves the people, and the business men of the City, to the location
of the Monument on the Square, most of whom have never taken
enough interest in the work to visit us, or make a suggestion for or
against work or site or anything else, I felt completely discouraged
and wished myself at an end of the enterprise, and I am frank to
say I have no heart for further work.

" When I heard the pathetic and earnest, and, I may say, tearful
words of General Leggett, every word of which represented the
feelings of the Commission, pleading for a candid investigation of
our work and for peace, fall to the ground amid derisive laughter, I
thought we must give up. Here was an old Soldier bearing five
wounds and some lead in his body, having had shot under him four
horses, stauding as it were on one leg, defending the action of the
Commission and begging for peace without effect, unless we gave up
our site. He said the Commission believed that they had the great
mass of the people of the county behind them and were doing their
work as the people wanted it done, and as every Soldiers' organiza-
tion in the county had directed it to be done ; and as the county
representatives in three Legislatures, the County Commissioners
and the^City Councils had unanimously approved the site, and said
go ahead and erect the Monument without delay. That all these
thirteen years the Board of Trade had not made a suggestion with
regard to site or anything else. He said that the Commission had
tried for three years to find a site elsewhere and failed ; that the
Square was not quite satisfactory to Captain Scofield and some of
the Commission, but they could do no better and took it, and have
made all their plans to correspond with that site. He said no mem-
ber of the Commission had received, or would receive, directly or
indirectly, a cent for what they had done, not even Captain Scofield,
who had given seven years almost entirely to the work. That the
tax had been spread over fifteen years that it might not be burden-

262 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

some to the people. That the man who paid one hundred dollars
taxes only paid one-half cent every six months. That artists, the
best to be had in Rome, Paris and New York, had been hired by the
dav, and that no fancy prices had been paid. He had just returned
from Europe, and there was nothing that would compare with this
work for originality, grandeur and beauty. It was designed by a
Soldier who had seen what he had brought out in bronze. Captain
Scofield had followed Sherman from Chattanooga to Atlanta, and
had been one hundred and nineteen consecutive days under fire,
besides being in many other battles. He had put what he had seen
into bronze ; forty heroic figures in action. He said after the peo-
ple had seen the work completed twenty-four hours they would
glory in the work as the finest adornment in this or any other city.
He pleaded for peace and wanted no contention. All this kind of
talk of General Leggett made no impression upon the Board of
Trade meeting whatever. It gave to him a patient hearing, but
howled down Captain Scofield, whom General Leggett asked to
show his plans for the Monument. The assault upon the action of
the Commission in selecting a site continued long and loud. After
the meeting I heard Mr. Dellenbaugh, who spoke two or three times
in the meeting, and said it would be better to have a railroad there
than a Monument, say that fence must come down.

" General Leggett pleaded for peace. We are all tired of this
bitter feeling over a work of this kind, and it must stop. If the
Monument is erected, it will leave a sting and bitterness behind,
when nothing should remain but joy and beaut)-. Old friends and
neighbors are being alienated, and all satisfaction to the Commis-
sion in pursuing the work is destroyed. I have no angry words of
denunciation for anybody, though I am sure the City government,
in suddenly reversing the action of its three predecessors — Farley,
Babcock and Gardner — as soon as it came into power, and the Board
of Trade in wholly neglecting this great work for the adornment
and patriotism of the City, in which the Board pretends to be par-
ticularly interested, to the last minute, have not treated the Com-
missioners fairly.

" I see but one way out of this trouble and wrangle among old
friends and neighbors. The site cannot be changed. There is no
other available. The Commission has done the best it could, hon-
estly and patiently. Its work is not satisfactory. The Commission
believes that it has done the right thing, and that the people ap-
prove the work as done, and that it has not done an illegal act in all
these years of toil and anxiety — the Courts say this.

" After consulting with my associates, I am prepared to say that
the Commissioners are ready and able to pay back to the county
every dollar the Monument has cost, and take it off the hands of the

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 263

county, and put the Square in its original condition. The statuary
is wanted elsewhere.

" General Leggett pleaded for peace. So do we all. ' Blessed are
the peacemakers, for they shall be called the children of God.' Let
us have peace. We are getting old ; our time is short. The Com-
missioners hoped to see this Monument completed. It has become
as the apple of the eye. But there is little hope of that, except in
bitterness between friends and neighbors. In the words of Cleve-
land's poet-statesman, who has told the story in matchless language
of the greatest American :

" We meet and greet in closing ranks,

In time's declining sun,
When the bugles of God shall sound recall,

And the battle of life is won.

J. J. Evweli,."

The clouds are breaking. A new proposition is made
to the Commission. The City officials, like Satan upon
the mountain, were very prolific in promises. They
would give the Commission almost any place for a site
(at the same time having no place really to give), pro-
viding the Commission would fall down and worship
them. We were not, however, worshiping self-consti-
tuted gods just at that time, hence their proposition
was let into one ear of the Commission, and out the
other. But we met and talked it over, as is shown in
the annexed article from the Leader of September 7th :

"A meeting which may result in a happy solution of
the vexed Monument site question was held in the
office of Captain Levi T. Scofield, on Tuesday morning.
It was a joint meeting of the committees appointed by
the Board of Trade and the Monument Commission to
decide upon a suitable location for the Soldiers' and
Sailors' Monument. Those present were : J. H. Mc-
Bride, Hon. George H. Ely, M. A. Hanna, Colonel R.
C. Parsons and S. M. Strong, of the Board of Trade, and
General James Barnett, General M. D. Leggett, Captain
Levi F. Bauder, Major W. J. Gleason and Captain Levi
T. Scofield, of the Monument Commission. General

264 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

James Barnett presided. The meeting was called for
the purpose of familiarizing the members of the joint
committee with the various sites which have been pre-
pared for the Monument. There was a general inter-
change of opinion, and the result was that the members
of the committee got closer together than ever before.
Some of the members of the Commission said they were
perfectly willing to abandon the Public Sqitare if a site
equally suitable could be decided upon. Hon. Geo. H.
Ely made an earnest plea in favor of placing the Monu-
ment overlooking the lake front. He referred especially
to the site bounded by Erie, Lake and Summit Streets,
if it could be obtained. Mr. Ely said that the United
States Government would eventually transfer all the
Marine Hospital service of the lakes to Cleveland, and
that undoubtedly adequate buildings would be erected.
This, with the Lakeside Hospital building, would add
much to the beauty of the lake front. There was more
talk along the same line, and then Captain Bander of-
fered the following resolution, which was supported by
Mr. J. H. McBride:

" We agree that the Cuyahoga County Soldiers' and Sailors' Mon-
ument is a beautiful and appropriate structure for the purpose, and
should be erected at the earliest practical da}-, on the best possible
site.

" We agree that the Monument should not be built at all unless
it shall be worthy of and receive the commendation of the people.

" We agree that if the Monument be not built upon the Public
Square, that we recommend the site bounded by Erie, Lake and
Summit Streets, if obtainable.

' This proposition met with general favor and it was
unanimously adopted.

'' Captain Bauder was congratulated on what ap-
peared to all the answer of the question which has
caused so much comment of late. After the meeting,
he said : ' The problem has now been reduced clown to
just two points. The Monument will be erected on the

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 265

Public Square, or on the site suggested by the resolu-
tion. I am sure that the latter location, if it can be ob-
tained, will be satisfactory to all concerned. I have all
along looked for a peaceable settlement of the matter,
and I feel confident that the meeting to-day will do
much to secure it. What we want more than anything
else in matters of this kind is calm, quiet reasoning.'

" During the session of the Board of Control, in the
City Hall, shortly afterward, Hon. R. C. Parsons and
Mr. J. H. McBride entered the room and had a brief
consultation with Director Meyer. A few minutes later
the Director of Law addressed the Board. He said he
had been informed by Colonel Parsons that the Monu-
ment Commission had intimated that they would accept
a site at the southwest corner of Erie and Summit
Streets as the location for the Monument. The land
and buildings could be appropriated at a cost not ex-
ceeding $120,000, Director Meyer said. ' The question
is,' he continued, ' whether, for the purpose of saving
the southeast section of the Square, the City will under-
take to expend $120,000 for the purchase of another
site. If the Council decides to proceed in the latter di-
rection, the first steps will be to provide for the sub-
mission of the question to a vote of the electors. It
will require a majority vote of the electors of the city
— not merely of the votes cast — before the appropriation
can be made. If there is any way of saving the south-
east section of the Square, that way should be taken,
but I for one am entirely opposed to making any prop-
osition while the Commission persist in going on with
the work.'

li Mayor Rose suggested that a resolution along the
line of General Meyer's remarks be submitted to the
Board, and the following resolution was therefore drawn
up and passed unanimously :

266 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

" Resolved, That the Board of Control recommend to the Honor-
able Council of the City of Cleveland the passage of such legislation
as shall provide for the submission to the electors of the City at the
ensuing November Election a proposition to appropriate for Park
purposes as a site for the proposed Soldiers' Monument the laud
bounded on the east by Erie Street, on the west by an alley, 270 feet
west of Erie Street, on the south by the north line of Lake Street,
and on the north by the south line of Summit Street. Upon condi-
tion, however, that the Monument Commission immediately desist
from further work on the Public Square of the City, and at once
remove, or permit the City authorities to remove, the fence now
surrounding the southeast section of the Square.

" Early in the Council meeting last night the reso-
lution of the Board of Control recommending that steps
be taken to appropriate land bounded by Lake, Sum-
mit, and Erie Streets for the Soldiers1 Monument was
received and filed. Similar action was taken in regard
to a communication sent by the Monument Commission
and containing formal notice that the Commission in-
tended to begin work on the Square. The notice was
sent two weeks ago, but there was no meeting of the
Council last week. Later in the evening, Mr. Jackson
submitted a resolution instructing the Director of Law
to draw up an ordinance providing for a vote of the
people at the November Election upon the question of
appropriating the Summit Street property for the Monu-
ment. In answer to Mr. Malloy, Gen. Meyer said he
was informed that the Monument Commissioners had
promised to cease work on the Square and give it back
into the City's custody. The resolution was passed
without further comment.

" There was no sign of the proposed cessation of
work late yesterday afternoon. A large force of men
were engaged within the fence and they were working
as if they were being paid by the piece instead of by the
day. The opinion among the Councilmen seemed to be
that the Commission intended to keep at work in the
Square. ' I don't see how they can do otherwise,' said

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 267

one member. ' Supposing the Summit Street site is

submitted to a vote : it may be knocked out on election

day, and in that case if the Commission should cease

work now and restore the Square to its former state they

would have all their work to do over again.' '

At a meeting of the Commission, held on September

9th, they threw out the following "bait" to the City

officials :

" Cleveland, O., September 9, 1892.

" To the Honorable Board of Control and City Council of Cleveland.

"GENTLEMEN: — At a meeting of the Cuyahoga County Soldiers'
and Sailors' Monument Commission held this day, the communica-
tion of this date from the Board of Control, relative to Monument
site, was received, and in response thereto the following resolution
was unanimously adopted :

"Resolved, That if the City Council at its next meeting take
favorable action towards giving the Monument Commission the
northeast section of the Public Square as a site for the Monument
as contemplated in the proposition submitted by the Board of
Control, we will recommend that work be suspended within the
enclosure of the southeast section of the Public Square until the
matter can be considered by the entire Commission, and the meeting
of the Cuyahoga County Soldiers' and Sailors' Union, to be called
next week, with a view of securing their acceptance of the change.
"Very respectfully,

"William J. Gleason,

" Levi F. Bauder, , " President.

" Secretary."

Subsequent developments will show that the City
Government swallowed the " bait," hook, line and
sinker.

In the meantime the Board of Trade Committee and
the City officials were trotting tandem. They were
striving to provide another site. We concluded that it
might be well enough to let them trot around for awhile,
just to keep their blood in healthy circulation. They
continued to offer suggestions and advice, and, when
they got through, they had nothing new to offer. If
the Commission would only give up the site set aside

268 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

for the Monument by the Legislature of Ohio and
former City administrations, approved by all of the
Courts, and of which they held actual and legal
possession, then the Business Men's Committee and the
City officials would try to provide another site. But
the Commission saw through their game of cheap "bluff,"
and "called them." When they were compelled to
show down their hand it was seen that they held a
bob-tail flush against a royal flush ! Our opponents
were nearly " broke," and the indications were that,
after one or two more "deals," they would be com-
pelled to give up their places in their weakly played
game.

The Plain Dealer of the 9th said :

11 The Monument Case may be satisfactorily adjusted,
after all. Both sides were inclined to be decent Friday
morning. Realizing how near the matter had reached
a compromise on Thursday, the Board of Trade Com-
mittee set out Friday to bring both the City and Com-
mission together. Col. Richard C. Parsons, Hon. M. A.
Hanna, Hon J. H. McBride, Hon. George H. Ely and
Hon. S. M. Strong called upon the Monument Commis-
sion and urged a compromise on sites, but were met
with the rebuff that the City had offered no other site
that was within the pale of reason. The Commission
hinted that a reasonable site would be the northeastern
section of the Square. The Committee then set out to
secure a written offer of the northeastern section from
the City. A special meeting of the Board of Control
was called at noon in the Mayor's office. There were
present Mayor Rose and Directors Meyer, Herrick,
Gibbons, Gardner, Morison and Bangs. President
Davidson of the Council was an interested spectator.
Gen. Meyer presented a resolution and prefaced it with
the following remarks :

' ' We have been advised bv the Board of Trade

COLONEL W. R. CREIGHTON.

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 2/1

Committee that if the northeast section of the Square
is offered, the Commission will consider it.'

" Gen. Meyer thereupon offered the following resolu-
tion:

" Resolved, That with a view to securing a compromise of the con-
troversy over the use of the southeast section of the Public Square
as a site for the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument and to prevent the
removal of the monument of Commodore Perry now upon said site,
that the Board of Control hereby submit to the Monumental Com-
missioners the following proposal, viz :

" That if the Monumental Commissioners will undertake to
suspend work on the southeast section of the Public Square, and
promptly remove the fence therefrom, and relinquish all claims
thereto, the Board hereby agrees and undertakes to at once recom-
mend to this Council the adoption of a resolution giving and renew-
ing the consent of the City to said Commissioners to take, use and
occupy the northeast section of said Square as a site for said Monu-
ment, and upon the acceptance by said Commissioners of said last
named section as such site to withdraw and dismiss all pending
litigation instituted by the City to prevent the location of said
Monument on the southeast section of said Square and will heartily
co-operate with said Commissioners in the erection and preservation
of the Monument.

" ' The City has at all times,' said Gen. Meyer, ' been
ready to confer with the Commissioners upon a com-
promise on site. The City has never approved the proj-
ect but has been somewhat opposed to the selection of
the southeast portion of the Square for the Monument.'

" The resolution was then adopted unanimously.

" Col. Parsons and Mr. Ely returned to the Commis-
sion with the resolution. Gen. Leggett was favorably
impressed with it, and a joint meeting was called for at
four o'clock in the Board of Control rooms.

" A joint meeting of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monu-
ment Commission with the Board of Trade Committee
was held in the rooms of the Board of Control yesterday
afternoon. There were present on behalf of the Com-
mission Maj. W. J. Gleason, Gen. M. D. Leggett, Gen.
James Barnett, Col. C. C. Dewstoe, Col. E. W. Force,

272 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

Capt. Levi F. Bauder and Capt. James Hayr, and in
behalf of the Board of Trade Committee Messrs. M. A.
Hanna, R. C. Parsons, J. H. McBride, S. M. Strong and
George H. Ely. Maj. Gleason read the resolution
adopted by the Board of Control in the morning, offer-
ing the northeast section of the Square if the Commis-
sion would relinquish the southeast section.

" ' This is the first direct proposition we have had
from the City,' said Major Gleason. ' It is clear and
concise.1

" ' Are we to stop work now ? ' asked Mr. Hayr.

" ' Not at all,' said Mr. Parsons. ' It is now Friday
and the Council will meet on Monday.'

" ' It seems to me,' said Col. Dewstoe, ' that the policy
of the Administration is delay.'

u ' How does this proposition suit the Board of
Trade?' asked Gen. Leggett.

u 'The Committee can heartily endorse the proposi-
tion,' said Mr. Hanna.

'"I think that it will allay public sentiment,' said
Mr. McBride."

The Leader of the 9th details the breaking away
from our entangling alliances, as follows:

"The Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument Commis-
sioners will not listen to any further discussion concern-
ing a site for the Monument until the City or a company
of private citizens offers one equally as good as the
southeast section of the Public Square, free from all
expense or litigation that will cause delay. This decis-
ion was reached yesterday afternoon at a meeting of
the Commission in Captain Levi T. Scofield's office.
The Commissioners present were Major Gleason, Col.
C. C. Dewstoe, Capt. Levi Bauder, Col. E. W. Force,
Gen. M. D. Leggett, James Hayr, Capt. J. B. Molyneaux,
Gen. James Barnett and Capt. Scofield. Loren Pren-
tiss, Esq., the legal adviser of the Commissioners, and

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 273

Maj. Theodore Voges, formerly a Park Commissioner,
but now a resident of Canton, were present. Capt.
Scofield asked Mr. Prentiss to state the substance of a
conversation they had had concerning what the City
should do if it is anxious to have the Monument kept
off the southeast section of the Public Square. Mr.
Prentiss stated briefly that the City should first agree to
withdraw all the litigation now in the courts and guar-
antee the immediate and peaceful occupation of any site
agreed upon. In the event that the question should be
submitted to a vote of the people, the City should
guarantee the use of one of two sites. These precau-
tions Mr. Prentiss held necessary so as to make the
voting simply a choice by the people between two sites.
' All this opposition to the occupation of the southeast
section of the Square,' he said, 'grows out of the hos-
tility of the Street Railroad Companies who will want
to run their tracks through it as soon as they have been
consolidated. If any street needs relief, it is Ontario
and not Euclid Avenue.'

'"If the occupation of the Square by the Monument
will prevent its use by the Street Railroad Companies,
that is a sufficient reason for my desire to have it there,'
said General Leggett.

"The proposed site near Lakeside Hospital was men-
tioned and Mr. Hayf imparted some information. 'A
man came to me only a short time ago,' he said, 'and
offered to divide profits with me if I would notify him
in time to buy up the land in case the Commission
should decide to put the Monument there.'

" Mr. Gleason said that Mr. Wade, five years before,
had the opinion that Euclid Avenue would be extended.

"'Yes,' said Mr. Prentiss, 'and Mr. Herrick says now
that such a time is coming and all objections originated
originally with the Railroad Companies.'

" ' If you use the northwest section, the Perkins

274 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

estate will object, and if you use the northeast section,
the Society for Savings will fight,' interposed Mr.
Hayr.

"Col. Dewstoe then read the resolutions adopted by
Memorial Post Wednesday night and the accompany-
ing letter of explanation, signed by G. J. McKnight,
John F. Weh and S. P. Mount. The resolutions are as
follows :

"Whereas, The Soldiers and Sailors of Cuyahoga County have
annually since the inception of the Monument project confirmed
the choice of site on the southeastern section of the Square, and,

"Whereas, The Commission was created and the present site
chosen by them, and,

"Whereas, The Commissioners were especially appointed to
represent their wishes, and of late they have publicly acknowledged
themselves as the representatives of the Cuyahoga Count}- Veterans,
now therefore, be it

" Resolved, By Memorial Post No. 141, Grand Army of the Repub-
lic, that in all fairness we protest against the Commissioners chang-
ing from the present site without first obtaining a full expression
of the wishes and feelings of all the Soldiers and Sailors in the
county.

" Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed to bring this
matter to the immediate attention of our comrades, and to respect-
fully ask the Commission that they delay action as to making any
contemplated changes until the voice of the Cuyahoga County Vet-
erans can be heard.

" They were received and made a part of the record
of the meeting. Colonel Dewstoe said that he felt
morally bound to listen to the request of the Veterans
with regard to the site, although he said that the duty
of the Commission was to the whole people and not
solely to the county organization of Veterans.

" After considerable discussion, Colonel Dewstoe
claimed that the Commission could, with honor and re-
spect, change the site only with the expressed wish of
a majority of the originators of the Monument plans ;
therefore, he thought it would be advisable to have a
meeting of the County Soldiers' and Sailors' Union

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 275

soon. General Leggett voted ' no ' because he is
strongly opposed to giving up the southeast section
since the Courts have said that the Commission are
right, and especially as the opponents of the site have
waited so long before acting.

" ' Let us stay where we are,' said Colonel Force. ' I
have no faith in the City or its propositions. Two Coun-
cils have given us the right to occupy, and another has
refused.'

" This emphatic expression of opinion met with
smiles and ejaculations, ' that's it,' by General Leggett,
Mr. Hayr and Captain Scofield.

" A letter was received from General Elwell, who is
sick at Lakewood. He advised cool-headed action, and
said that he would abide by Captain Scofield's decision
as to the fitness of any site.

" Major Voges was called upon to say something, and
in behalf of a number of ex-soldiers of Cuyahoga County
who now live in Canton, he said that the Monument
should go in the southeast section of the Square. ' Why,
a good many people at Canton have taken sides in the
controversy,' he said. 'They read the Leader and form
their own opinions. Twenty years ago, when I was a
Park Commissioner, we prepared a place in Lake View
Park for Perry's monument, and we would have moved
it there if we had had the money then. That's the
place for it, and the talk of General Meyer about pre-
ferring to lose his right arm rather than see the monu-
ment moved sounds very strange and foolish to me.'

" ' I've got another resolution to offer,' said General
Leggett, with a smile, as he looked up from a piece of
paper on which he had been writing during Major
Voges' speech. As the General has the reputation of
being the most prolific resolution writer on the Board,
several other Commissioners smiled. The resolution
offered by the General reads as follows :

276 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

Resolved, That as no practicable site other than the one the law
and the Courts have given us has been offered to us up to this time,
we decline further discussion on this point, and will proceed as rap-
idly as possible to erect the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument on the
southeast section of the Public Square.

" General Leggett's resolution was put upon its adop-
tion by Mr. Hayr's motion. Se\Teral members suggested
in an interrogative manner that the resolution would
forever stop any further discussion, and some contended
that the subject would be open again if a practicable
site were offered.

" ' It stops all further consideration,' insisted Major
Gleason.

" 'That's what it is intended to do, and if it doesn't,
I'll re-write it,' said the General. After his declaration
as to the intent of the resolution, there was no further
discussion. The resolution was adopted, Secretary
Bander alone voting in the negative. The Commission
then adjourned to meet at the call of the President.

" It is quite probable that Captain J. C. Shields, the
President of the County Union, will call a meeting of
that organization in a few days to get an expression of
opinion on the actions of the Commission."

CAPTAIN WILLIAM SMITH.

XVII.

THE enemy massed their forces for a vigorous attack.
We were closely pressed on front and flank, with
the ever ready guerillas and bush-whackers harrassing
our rear. While we knew that final victory would be
won, we felt that the time had come to sound the bugle
for the grand rally of our forces on our always faithful
and reliable reserve. So the following general order

was issued:

Headquarters Cuyahoga County

Soldiers' and Sailors' Union,

Cleveland, O., September ioth, 1892. J

A meeting of the Cuyahoga County Soldiers' and Sailors' Union
will be held Tuesday, September 13, at 2 o'clock P. M., at Army and
Navy Hall, 426 Superior Street. This meeting is called for the
purpose of ascertaining the views and desires of the comrades of
Cuyahoga County regarding the site of the Soldiers' and Sailors'
Monument. A full attendance is earnestly desired.

By order,

J. C. Shields, President.
E. L. Pardee, Secretary.

The ioth of September proceedings were described
in the Leader as follows :

" Seventy-nine years ago Commodore Oliver Hazard
Perry, with his fleet of wooden ships, unmercifully
walloped the British fleet in the only battle that ever
occurred on the great lakes, and yesterday, for the first
time in many years, citizens of Cleveland, in honor of
the anniversary, decorated his monument in the Public
Square with garlands, wreaths, flags, bunting and crape.
Yesterday's demonstration was caused by the proposal
of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument Commission to

28o HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

remove the Perry monument to some other place. Dr.
L. B. Tuckerman, at 7 o'clock in the morning, appeared
before the gates of the enclosure. He procured a step-
ladder with which he climbed to the top of the fence.
Then drawing the ladder after him he descended to the
ground on the other side in safety. He had only crape
to place on the marble statue.

" Shortly after the Doctor's visit, the Monument Com-
mission, at present in possession of the section of the
Square upon which the statue stands, opened the gates
at the northeast and southwest corners and practically
threw the enclosure open to the public. Work on the
foundations for the Soldiers' Monument was temporarily
suspended. Early in the day citizens began to decorate
the Perry pedestal with pots of cut flowers, and before
noon the base was nearly covered. About 1 o'clock,
Frank Dellenbaugh, Esq., with several assistants,
draped the Commodore's figure with a large American
flag, with black entwined in graceful folds. The flag
was the contribution of William Taylor, Son & Co.
Hower & Higbee contributed a quantity of bunting
and placed their store at the disposal of the Decorating
Committee. Several small flags added to the deco-
rations. A large floral wreath was thrown about the
Commodore and flowers were placed in profusion at
every place available.

" The letter of Secretary Bauder, of the Monument
Commission, to contractor McAllister, directing him to
open the enclosure to the public, was posted on the
pedestal.

" Mr. James Hayr was the only member of the
Monument Commission who was seen about as the
decorations were in progress. He heartily endorsed the
work. He said he had been decorating Perry for twenty
years himself and was glad to see others taking up the
work. He had placed a wreath about the Commodore's

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 281

head every year, he said, until he was forbidden to do
so because the evergreen injured the marble.

" Many spectators watched the committee arranging
the decorations. The flags on the Square and on the
City Hall floated from the mastheads in honor of the day.

"The second demonstration in the form of a mass
meeting was held in the northeast section of the Square.
It had been widely advertised, but still at 8 : 30 o'clock
there were only about 200 persons present. The meeting
was not very demonstrative, and the cheers given were
requested by persons on the rostrum. A young man
with a cornet played 'The Star Spangled Banner,'
which evoked applause. Mr. Thomas G. Fitzsimmons,
the Chairman of the adjourned mass meeting, called the
meeting to order and remarked that he believed ' The
Star Spangled Banner ' was sung with a good deal of
fervor on the occasion of the victory at Put-in-Bay.
This was cheered, although the patriotic song was not
written until a year and four or five days after Perry's
victory. Mr. Fitzsimmons also expressed the belief
that the Monument Commission will not move the
Perry statue because they fear the people.

"Frank Dellenbaugh, Esq., was the next speaker,
although he said he had not prepared himself for the
occasion, like General Meyer, who would later address
them. He said that whatever came from him came
from a loyal heart. ' Something has been said about
my connection with a street railway corporation as an
attorney,' he said. ' That is true, but, thank God, not
one hair of my head is owned by a street car company,
and I hope Almighty God will strike off both my hands
and pluck my tongue out by the roots if ever I do or
say anything that will enable any street railway com-
pany to take a teaspoonful of earth from the Public
Square. Perry did more than any man, with possibly
the exception of a Sherman, a Grant or a Thomas, to

282 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

preserve this Union, and his statue should not be dis-
placed. Who are these Commissioners ? They are the
servants of the people, and should obey them. You pay
for this Monument, and you have a right to say where it
shall be placed. Have matters come to a pass that the
servants will not obey ? Shall one of the greatest men,
much greater than any latter day saint [cheers] be re-
moved to give place to one of these modern patriots?
The Perry monument is a National memorial, while
this new Monument is simply to commemorate the serv-
ices of one of eighty-eight counties of this Buckeye
State. [Derisive cheers.] Should such a Monument
displace Perry ? No, no, never ! Don't touch a board
of that obnoxious fence, I beg of you — I would not ad-
vise you to touch it. Let us continue to be patient.
We have been patient enough, God knows, but the last
straw has not been laid on the camel's back. Don't
touch a single board of that fence.'

'" Who's going to touch it?' asked a man in the au-
dience. Mr. Dellenbaugh did not answer.

" ' Perry signified his disapproval,' continued the
speaker, ' this morning when the artillery on high
thundered out a protest. I can remember the thunder
of the cannon when this monument was unveiled.' A
man asked Mr. Dellenbaugh about General Leggett.
Mr. Dellenbaugh replied that he respected Generals
Barnett, Leggett and other members of the Commission
and had no hard words for them.

" W. S. Kerruish, Esq., was the next speaker. His
address was very temperate and deprecatory of any stir-
ring up of ill feeling. He delighted to honor the mem-
ory of Commodore Perry, and he had come for that pur-
pose and not to keep up a wrangle. He had supposed
that this impromptu meeting was for the purpose of
commemorating the valorous deeds of the Commodore,
and not of exciting animosities.

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 283

" Nothing was so inappropriate on an occasion like
this. ' Personally,' he said, ' I do not think Commodore
Perry should be removed, but when I read in the Cleve-
land Leader a few days ago General Elwell's appeal for
peace, I felt as if the old Soldiers should be allowed to
have their way about it if they have set their hearts on
the Square. Levi Bauder told me this afternoon that
the Commission will not remove the Perry statue, and
I hope that is true. If the Monument must be put there,
let us abide by the decision honorably and patriotically.'

" Mr. D. B. Jones, the cornetist, played and Dr.
Tuckerman led the singing for 'The Red, White and
Blue,' after which Vernon Burke, Esq., William Heis-
ley, Dr. Knowlton and Dr. Tuckerman made short
speeches. Resolutions protesting against the use of
the Square by street railroad companies, the removal of
the Perry statue, and to meet again one year hence,
were adopted. The resolution concerning the street
cars was adopted with unanimity, but the Perry resolu-
tion met with a decided negative. A letter from Gen-
eral Meyer was read in which he said that hay fever
prevented him from making a speech. ' Perry's monu-
ment will not be removed from the Square,' was the
concluding sentence of the letter. The meeting then
adjourned to the southeast section to still further deco-
rate the monument."

Comment on these proceedings is scarcely necessary.
We can truthfully add, however, that this was the first
and last time these patriotic citizens ever decorated
Perry's monument since it was unveiled, September
10th, i860. They did not meet again in 1893, as they
had resolved ; the Perry statue has been removed, not-
withstanding General Meyer's positive statement to the
contrary ; the street railroads are not running through
the southeast section of the Square ; the Soldiers'
Monument occupies the chosen site ; the Government

284 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

at Washington still lives, and General Meyer's hay-
fever has ceased its burning rage.

We take pleasure in inserting here the ably written
document of our senior counsel, Loren Prentiss, Esq.,
in reply to the objections raised to the location of the
Monument, clipped from the Leader of the 12th of Sep-
tember:

" To the Editor of the Leader :

" Being Attorney for the Monument Commissioners, I will not
ask any one to give any more weight to what I may say as to the
location on the southeast section of the Square than the reasons
which I may give will clearly command, although I am not repre-
senting the Monument Commissioners, but simply my own views,
in what I now say.

"That the Monument is within the purposes of the dedication of
the Square to public uses has been fully settled by the Supreme
Court by a careful and unanimous decision, sustained by an over-
whelming weight of authority, after full argument and exhaustive
briefs; and, therefore, no legal rights are violated by its location in
that section of the Square.

" But it is said that there are reasons against the present location
which would prevent any arrangement which contemplates its user
however reasonable otherwise. So far the objections urged have
consisted almost entirely of assertions to the effect that the Monu-
ment is too large for that section of the Square; that it would ob-
struct and divert the walk to and from Euclid Avenue and make it
much longer than now; that it would involve the moving of the
Perry statue from that section of the Square, and that this would be
a disparagement to his memory and honor; that it will obstruct the
light and air, and that the great majority of the people are opposed
to that site. Some people sum up their opposition in the blind and
unmeaning statement that it would be an outrage to place the
Monument in that section of the Square. People and newspapers-
using only such language are like the crude and excitable sort by
whom everything is classed as either ' perfectly awful ' or ' perfectly
splendid'; or like the preacher who preferred to preach from texts-
he did not understand because it gave such free scope to his imag-
ination. Of course, there is no argument in such assertions, for the
reason that no facts are given to support them. I have studied the
facts and practical questions as to the location of the Monument as-
thoroughly as I have the law of the cases in Court, and in my judg-
ment none of these objections are well founded.

"First. Too large for that section. The esplanade or platform —

SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS1 MONUMENT. 285

ninety-five feet square and five feet high— will not affect anything
besides the walks, and it requires the statement of only a single
mathematical fact to remove the objection as to the walk to and
from Euclid Avenue, and that fact is, that by running the crosswalk
from the Williamson block diagonally so as to strike the side of the
Square about sixty feet below the southeast corner and continue on
that line to the walk around the esplanade, the distance from and to
Euclid Avenue through that section of the Square will be less than
it is now. This, I think, entirely disposes of the objections as to
the walks. The view of the Monument will be ample. The dis-
tance from the memorial room, 40 feet square and 25 feet high, to
the buildings on the east and south sides of that section of the
Square is 137 feet, and to the curbstone 67 feet— affording ample
room for the viewing of the Monument, besides the longer view
from Euclid Avenue, while on the other sides all the rest of the
Square affords the most ample opportunities for viewing the Monu-
ment at any distance desired. So far from the Monument filling up
that section of the Square, there would be room enough around the
Monument and on the esplanade to accommodate 4,000 to 5,000 peo-
ple at one time, and the rest of the Square could accommodate four
or five times as many more. The walks could be made thirty feet
wide, if necessary, to accommodate people passing as well as those
viewing the Monument. The idea that the aesthetic and imagina-
tive taste should govern in the location of the Monument in some
outside location I think is a mistake. It is built by the people and
for the people, and should be where the people come and go— where
the lines of the street railways converge — where the people ' do
most congregate,' for the most important mission of the Monument
is to teach lessons of disinterested patriotism and courage. The
location should, therefore, be central, and not on the East, the West,
or the South Side. The Monument would be benefited rather than
prejudiced by fine buildings around the Square ; for, standing on
the highest ground, with its shaft 125 feet high, its splendid groups
in heroic size and its highly artistic character give it a character by
itself at once impressive and inspiring.

"The Monument, with its granite and bronze, would not be
affected seriously by the smoke nuisance— not half as much as the
Perry statue is ; and, besides, the smoke nuisance can, and therefore
will, be abated in the near future.

"The obstructing of light and air is another objection. Well,
this needs no argument, for there is simply nothing in it ; and peo-
ple making this objection are like the old lady in Puritan times who
objected to having a stove to warm the church in winter, and fainted
away on a cold winter day because of the stove, but was quite sur-
prised afterwards to learn that there was no fire in it.

286 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

" Second. As to the removal of the Perry statue, it need not be
removed at all from that section of the Square. The Monument
Commissioners have so decided, and propose that he shall stand on
the south side near the naval group on the Monument and be asso-
ciated with it, blending the earlier and later glories of American
naval achievements.

" If the City authorities should prefer to remove it to some other
location on the Square, or to Lake View Park at the foot of Ontario
Street, it could not possibly imply any disrespect to his memory.
The statue has been removed once, and the fact that he has so many
new friends now, clearly shows that the removal of his statue does
not, and cannot, lessen the glory of his achievements, or the affec-
tion with which his memory is cherished.

" Third. It is said that the majority of the people are opposed to
that location ; but, manifestly, that is a matter of opinion, for none
of those expressing it have ever talked with one-tenth of the people
on that subject, and, besides, the groundlessness of the objections
made, as I have pointed out, shows that these opinions have been
formed without investigation or knowledge of the real facts. Much
of what has appeared in a large part of the city press has been of
the same character. It has been in a large measure like the cry of
'mad dog.' One person expresses an opinion in language of denun-
ciation, and another, and another, and so on take it up and repeat
it, and thus an injurious and unjust public sentiment is created.
This is very much like the tactics sometimes used to stampede
political conventions. The great mass of the people are intelligent
and thoughtful, and will not be blindly led on this subject, and cer-
tainly so great a matter as this cannot be determined by mere asser-
tions or denunciation.

" Fourth. But, it may be asked, have none of those who so vio-
lently opposed that location any reasons for so doing? Yes, they
have reasons, but they are not brought to the front. One class ob-
jects simply because they think the Square should be kept entirely
open and free from any structure, aside from here and there a
statue ; but the Supreme Court has exploded that theory, both as to
monuments and purely public buildings.

" The Square has the appearance of belonging simply to a coun-
try village. In fact, many country villages have much better monu-
ments than the Perry statue, though none could commemorate more
splendid braver}- than does his.

" The Square has not a single metropolitan feature in the wav of
ornament or artistic character, and yet the city, no longer a village,
is destined soon to become the metropolitan city of the State. The
Monument would supply that need, and give the Square a character
suited to the growth and wealth of the city. Another class object to

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 287

the location because, as they claim, it may be necessary at some
future time to run Euclid Avenue, with the street railway, down
through that section of the Square to the west side of the Square,
and cutting off a corner of the southwest section. The entire street
railway interest, as well as the property owners on Euclid Avenue,
are directly interested in that project, for the street railway compa-
nies are preparing to combine.

"These two powerful interests have had a large share in the agi-
tation against that location ; and it has even been said, that with
such powerful interests, the Monument, even if erected there, might
be removed at some future time to carry out that plan, and yet
many of the same people are denouncing the idea of removing the
Perrv statue, even to another location on the same section of the
Square

" I do not believe the time will ever come when it will be neces-
sary to run Euclid Avenue through the Square. It has two outlets
— one direct to Superior and the other round the Square, either of
which is equal to the capacity of Euclid Avenue itself; and the
street cars can carry as many passengers on the present line as they
could if run through the Square. I doubt very much if a street, and
especially a street railway, can legally be run through any section of
the Square, but I will not discuss that here.

" But I am perfectly clear that if any street is to be run through
any section of the Square, it should be through the southwest sec-
tion, so as to relieve and accommodate Ontario Street as well
as Euclid Avenue, which needs it much more than does that
avenue. With Superior and Ontario Streets and the streets around
the Square, I am confident the public will never need a street
through any section of the Square; and, in any point of view,
neither the interests of property holders on Euclid Avenue nor the
private interests of street railways should be allowed to stand in the
way of the location of this splendid Monument on the southeast
section of the Square. The majority of the people do their own
thinking, and when they understand this matter, they will, I believe,
decide with no uncertain voice in favor of the present site.

" Fifth. Since writing the above, it is said that the City authori-
ties and the Board of Trade Committee are willing that the Monu-
ment should be located on the northeast section, and the question
is, therefore, narrowed down to the comparative merits of the two
locations. There are legal points, however, to be carefully consid-
ered before any final action can safely be taken by the Monument
Commissioners, if a change of sites should be deemed advisable.
One City Council unanimously gave consent to the present site, but
after a little more than four years, through the influence of a new
administration, that consent was withdrawn. The right of the

288 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

Monument Commission to the present site is fully settled and
established under direct grant from the Legislature, with which the
City cannot interfere, and a certainty should not be changed for an
uncertainty. As to the merits of the two locations, they are both of
the same size, which clearly disposes of the objection as to the
Monument being too large for the present site. It may be that
there are not as many people passing through the northeast as the
southeast section, but the opportunity to make the distance from
Euclid Avenue shorter than it is now by the diagonal walk as those
explained does not exist as to the northeast section, and it is not,
therefore, true that the Monument would be more in the way in the
southeast than in the northeast section. The walks and spaces
around the Monument can be made as broad and convenient in the
southeast as in the northeast section. Why, then, this persistent
objection to the present site ? Is there anything substantial left of
it except the supposed, but to my mind mistaken, interest of Euclid
Avenue property owners and the large private interest of the street
railway companies?

"It is said the public prejudice against the present site, whether
well founded or unfounded, should decide in favor of the new site
proposed ; but a mistaken or unfounded public sentiment might in
the near future be changed into a permanent public regret. We
are, therefore, brought to the final, the one decisive question, which
is the best site ?

" The objections to the northeast section are :

"First. It is merely a corner — shut in with comparatively no
view from the east.

" Second. It is low, and the Society for Savings building is
higher than the shaft of the Monument, and the large new building
opposite the Postoffice may be nearly as high.

" Third. The moving wagons standing around there might move
over on to the other side of the street, next to the Postoffice, and
remain under the generous leniency of the Postoffice and Custom
House officials.

" I know that Mr. Scofield's opinion is decidedly against that
location, and his views are entitled to great weight. He has photo-
graphs or pictures of all the principal Monuments, both in Europe
and this country, with their locations aud surroundings, and has
made the subject a careful study for a great many years, and no man
is more interested and devoted to the interests of the Monument,
now and in the future, than he. Such experience and judgment are
of the highest value, aud should not be disregarded without the
most clear and satisfactory reasons.

" The defects in the proposed site which I have pointed out

CAPTAIN LEVI T. SCOFIELD.

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 291

clearly show by contrast the superior advantages of the present
location :

"First. It is not shut in, but has a splendid view from Euclid
Avenue on the east.

" Second. It is high and sightly, which will give it an important
advantage in relation to buildings around the Square.

" Third. A large amount of work has already been done on the
present site, and, as 1 have shown, the objections to it are not
founded on facts or valid reasons.

" Fourth. It is the best site for the Monument, and the Monu-
ment shoidd have the best site.

" L. Prentiss."

Action was taken by the City Council, at its meeting
held on September 12th, relative to the "bait" cast
before them by the Commission on September 9th, as
follows :

" The City Council last evening decided, by a vote
of fourteen to five, that the northeast section of tlie Public
Square may be used as a site for the Soldiers' Monument.
Last week an intimation was given that the Monument
Commissioners might agree to change from the south-
east to the northeast section if the Council would con-
sent. In order that there might be nothing to interfere
with a change of site if the Monument Commissioners
would agree to it, the following resolution was intro-
duced last evening :

"Whereas, The Monumental Commissioners of Cuyahoga
Count}' have notified this Council under date of September 9, 1892,
that said Commissioners did, on said last mentioned date, unani-
mously adopt the following resolution :

"Resolved, That if the City Council at its next meeting should
take favorable action towards giving the Monument Commission
the northeast section of the Public Square as a site for the Monu-
ment, as contemplated in the proposition submitted by the Board of
Control, we will recommend that work be suspended within the
enclosure of the southeast section of the Public Square until the
matter can be considered by the entire Commission, and the meet-
ing of the Cuyahoga County Soldiers' and Sailors' Union, to be
called next week, with a view of securing their acceptance of the
change. Now, therefore, for the purpose of securing a settlement
by compromise of the existing controversy in regard to the use of

292 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

the southeast section of the Public Square of this city as a site for
the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument, and to prevent the removal of
the monument of Commodore Perry now upon said site, be it
resolved by this Council that the consent of the City be and it is
hereby given to said Commissioners to take, use, and occupy the
northeast section of the Public Square as a site for said Soldiers'
and Sailors' Monument upon condition that the said Commissioners
shall suspend all work on said southeast section of said Public
Square, remove the fence therefrom, and relinquish all claims
thereto, and shall file in the office of the City Clerk within five days
from and after the adoption hereof their written acceptance of said
last stated site upon the terms and conditions of this resolution ;
and that upon the filing in the office of the City Clerk by the said
Commissioners of their acceptance, as herein provided, the Corpora-
tion Counsel be and he is hereby authorized and instructed to with-
draw and dismiss all pending proceedings instituted by the City
to prevent the location of said Monument on the southeast section
of said Square ; and that thereupon this Council will heartily co-
operate with said Commissioners in the erection and preserving of
said Monument.

" There was no discussion upon the resolution until
the roll was being called. Mr. Angell led off by voting
against the resolution. Mr. McKenney, in explaining
his vote, said :

" ' I am not in favor of the Public Square as a site for
the Monument, and I therefore vote no.'

" ' Neither am I in favor of the Public Square,' said
Mr. Bole.

" ' 1 cannot see any difference between sections,' said
Mr. Wilhelm. ' I have been told that the vacation of
the southeast section is in favor of the street railways,
but I do not know that that is so.'

" Mr. O'Brien could not see what earthly use there
was in passing a resolution granting the Commission
the right to occupy the northeast section of the Square
when the Supreme Court had decided that the City has
no authority over the Square. He, however, voted for
the resolution. The measure was adopted by a vote of
fourteen ayes against five nays, Messrs. Angell, McKen-
ney, Bole, Wilhelm and Skyrm voting no."

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 293

Backward, turn backward, oh Time, in your flight,
The Council is anxious to give up the fight ;

" providing the Commissioners will stop work, remove
the fence, relinquish all claims to the southeast section
of the Square, accept the northeast section," ad nauseam.
Back again to the original proposition of the defunct
Park Commissioners. These latter day City officials
would give the Monument Commission any place — with
a string to it — except the place they desired and were
entitled to. The brazen effrontery of these City officials
was only equalled by their imbecility. They were soon
to have an emphatic answer.

The "reserves" were ordered up, and right gallantly
they advanced to the front. Their timely appearance
on the field of action completely demoralized the enemy.
The decisive charge of the reserves was reported in the
Leader of September 13th, as follows:

" There will be no more delay or parley about the
location of the Soldiers' Monument — at least such was
the decision of the ex-Soldiers and Sailors and the
Monument Commission yesterday. A special meeting
of the Cuyahoga County Soldiers' and Sailors' Associa-
tion was held in Army and Navy Hall yesterday after-
noon. Captain J. C. Shields, President of the Associa-
tion, called the meeting to order, but as he was unable
to remain, Hon. W. D. Pudney was called to the chair.
Mr. Pudney stated the object of the meeting to be the
discussion of the Monument site. Over five years ago,
he said, the Soldiers and Sailors of the county had
chosen the southe-ast corner of the Square. Now it was
desired to ascertain whether the Veterans had changed
their minds. G. J. McKnight moved that the meeting
reaffirm their decision that the southeast section of the
Square be used. It was decided to limit speeches on
this motion to five minutes each.

" The first speaker was Joseph Evans. He said the

294 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

recent meetings on the Public Square were disgusting,
and that the sentiments there expressed were not those
of the people but of a howling mob. He thought that
if the Square could be given up as a storage place for
cable machinery it could be used for a Monument.

'' Henrv Wood next spoke, and he said that while he
was no orator he was a Soldier from the word go. He
said that now, as in 1862, he favored no compromise
with the copperheads.

"Captain M. B. Gary asked if a communication from
the City Council and the Board of Control was not to be
presented to the meeting. In reply, Major Gleason
read the Council resolution, passed Monday evening,
offering the northeast section of the Square as a com-
promise site. Major Gleason went on to say that the
members of the Commission were present to hear the
will of the Soldiers of the county.

" Dr. W. A. Knowlton, who has all along been op-
posed to the present site, offered a set of resolutions,
which met with an icy reception and were defeated
with a shout. The Doctor said that for a long time the
people were with this plan ; they furnished money and
aided the project. But of late opposition had grown
up, and the Soldiers must respect the wishes of the
great public as soon as they were expressed. His reso-
lutions were intended to submit the matter to a vote at
the coming election, and to have the City and the Com-
mission abide by the decision thus made. It was moved
to refer the resolutions to a committee, but not a single
" aye'1 was heard, so the motion was lost, and the Doc-
tor's resolutions were not even received.

" Colonel C. C. Dewstoe said that he was a member
of the Commission, and had not attended the meeting
for the purpose of saying anything but to listen.

"At this point the opinion of the counsel for the
Commission, Judge J. M. Jones, Loren Prentiss and

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 295

Colonel Allan T. Brinsmade, was read. Two questions
had been submitted to them — first, whether or not, if
the present site were given up and another section of
the Square taken, the judicial decisions already given
would apply, and whether new complications might
arise ; and, second, if the present site were given up for
the northeast section, and then that be found unten-
able, the southeast section could be reclaimed. The
attorneys said that not only might all the questions now
decided be raised, but new ones might arise in case of a
change. They also said that if the present site should
be given up it could not be reclaimed. They went on
to say that title was now held under the act of the Leg-
islature, but another section would be held by sanction
of the City Council alone and subject to their pleasure.
This statement from the attorneys practically settled
the question of compromise.

" After the reading of the attorneys' decision, Captain
M. B. Gary took the floor and made a vigorous speech
against the occupation of the southeast section. He
said : ' I think that the responsibility resting now on
the Soldiers and Sailors of the county is a very serious
one. The people of this county are our friends, and no
people ever treated Soldiers better than we have been
treated.'

" ' I deny that ! I deny that ! ' shouted James Hayr,
jumping to his feet, and a chorus of ' Sit down,' ' Shut
up,' greeted Captain Gary.

" Chairman Pudney succeeded in quieting all but Mr.
Hayr, who said that he would not be quiet as long as
' slurs were being cast.' At last, order was restored and
Captain Gary continued : ' If we would stand by our
friends, the people, the copperheads would not dare say
a word.'

" A strong speech in favor of the present site was
made by John F. Weh. He said that as ' All roads lead

296 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

to Rome,' so all roads in this county lead to the Public.
Square. Therefore, he thought it was the best place
for the Monument. George A. Groot introduced sub-
stitute resolutions, and Mr. McKnight withdrew his.
The substitute called upon the Monument Commission
to stand steadfast in their work, and emphatically pro-
tested against any change of location.

" The next speaker, L. B. Fish, expressed the hope
that the people could be educated to see that the Square
is the best place for the Monument. He was much
afraid that the present agitation and excitement would
lead to trouble, and he said that he ' would rather see
the Monument broken to pieces or cast into the lake
than to have a drop of blood shed.'

" Major Gleason said it was clear that the Monument
was a desirable thing, since citizens of all parts of the
city were clamoring for its location in their vicinity.
In the Public Square it would benefit all, and the desire
to have it there was not prompted by persons or corpora-
tions with axes to grind. He opposed the City's propo-
sition to compromise, and said it was not a fair or a
manly one.

" George A. Groot said : 'In the words of Perry,
' Don't give up the ship.' We are standing on land
wrested from the enemy, and we should not give up an
inch. A mob has been stirred up by the editor of a
local paper, but we shall not yield a particle. The
people who are doing the objecting have been imported
from Europe, and Tuckerman is a sample.'

" Rev. Dr. John Mitchell said he was proud of the
Soldiers, and proud to see how they stood under the fire
of adverse criticism. He said that he attended the
meeting of the Board of Trade when the matter was
discussed there, and went away disgusted. Instead of
its being a meeting of business men, he thought it was
that of a hired crowd of men. ' I only want to say,' he

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 297

continued, ' if you give up your rights and accept an-
other section of the Square, the Monument will never
go in the Public Square at all. If you take the other
section of the Square, you will deprive the people of
their only public meeting place, and will jump from the
frying-pan into the fire.'

" The question was then put upon the adoption of
the resolutions and they were carried with enthusiasm.

" The meeting adjourned with three rousing cheers
for the Monument."

A meeting of the Commission was at once called in
Captain Scofield's office. Eleven members were pres-
ent, the absent one being Dr. Walters. The proposi-
tion from the City for a compromise on the northeast
section of the Square was presented. The action of
the Soldiers' and Sailors' Union was also communicated.
The opinions of the Commission's counsel were also
read. General Leggett then offered a resolution which
recited that in view of the action of the Soldiers' and
Sailors' Union, and acting upon the advice of their at-
torneys, the Commission must and would respectfully
decline to entertain the compromise. The resolution
stated that in the opinion of the Commission the peo-
ple were in favor of the present site, and that further
discussion of the matter be dispensed with. It was
also advised to push the work as rapidly as possible.
The resolution was adopted unanimously. It was or-
dered to send copies of the following resolution to the
City Council, the Board of Control and the Board of
Trade Committee :

" Gentlemen : Whereas, The City of Cleveland has by reso-
lution of its Council and the action of its other officials refused to
remove the Perry statue, or change the water main, or remove other
obstructions from the southeast section of the Public Square, prepar-
atory to the erection of the Monument thereon, which is provided
for by the act of April 16th, 1888, and the acts supplementary and
amendatory thereto, it is hereby

298 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

" Resolved, That the Executive Committee of this Board is here-
by authorized, on behalf of this Board, to take all necessary steps,
and make all necessary contracts, for the removal of the said Perry
statue and other obstructions, and to change the water main so as
not in any way to interfere with the erection of the Monument, at
the expense of this Board, and to accomplish the work of such
removal and change at as early a time as practicable, and that the
Committee confer with the proper City officials, with the view of'
securing their friendly co-operation in this matter. Adopted."

The Commission then adjourned, subject to the call
of the President.

The truce was ended. The battle must now be
fought to a finish.

The Cleveland World, of the 15th, had the following :

" Major Gleason said Wednesday that the Monument
Commission will consider no further proposals to com-
promise on any other site than the southeast corner.

' The Soldiers of the county have declared them-
selves,' said he, ' and we now propose to abide by their
decision. The members of the Commission, with the
exception of two or three, have left the citY.1

" Mayor Rose said he was surprised at the action of
the County Soldiers' and Sailors' Union. The case, so
far as the City was concerned, was entirely' in General
Meyer's hands, he continued.

" The Law Director stated emphatically that he did
not intend to let the matter drop.

' We shall prosecute the case in Court to the end,'
said he. ' When the Circuit Court opens in October we
will be there, and if the decision is against us, it will
be carried to the Supreme Court of the State.' "

Brave words, wordy General. Great Caesar's ghost !
He will see us again; aye, at Philippi ! "The Ides of
October" have come and gone, and the grim General is
still in hiding:.

CAPTAIN W. H. HUTCHINSON.

XVIII.

FOR some time past hints had been frequently made
that Judge Williamson would appeal his case to
the United States Court. It was several times alleged,
in print, that this action would be taken, the wish be-
ing father to the thought. These fairy tales did not at
all frighten the Commission. When these rumors were
first set afloat, the junior counsel of Judge Williamson,
William F. Carr, Esq., met the President of the Com-
mission and said to him :

" You may quietly say to the Monument Commission
that we have got through. The Supreme Court decis-
ion settled our case. We know when we are whipped.
The old Soldiers have knocked us out, and we sur-
render. The decision is correct, the site is settled, and
we gracefully bow to the law laid down by the highest
tribunal in the State. The outcome will eventually be
a blessing in disguise."

The Commission, knowing this, did not borrow any
trouble from that source, but the kickers continued to
fondly hug their delusion.

It now looked like fairly clear sailing for the Com-
mission, but soon the clouds began to gather. Judge
W. W. Boynton, attorney, stockholder and director of
the East Cleveland Street Railroad Corporation, who
went into a trance after the Supreme Court decision,
again " bobbed up serenely." The objections of every
interested and disinterested citizen had been met and
overcome. A happy thought now entered the mind of
the street railroad attorney. Way down East, nestled
amidst the granite hills of New Hampshire, lived a

3°2

HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

pair of descendants of early Clevelanders whose sun-
light might be obscured and whose breathing space
might be contracted by the erection of the Soldiers'
Monument in the southeast section of the Public
Square. They must be " seen," and made to go to law
about it. What a flimsy pretext ! Whipped and ut-
terly routed in all of the local Courts and the State
Supreme Court, the United States Court was now held
as a coup de grace. This Napoleonic strategy of the
street railway corporations, engineered by Judge Boyn-
ton, in which he was urged on by the City officials and
the organ of the cranks was to be a coup de maitre.
Now, verily, the Monument Commission would quake,
swap sites, throw up the sponge, or do anything asked
of them to stop further proceedings. Our "friends"
Mayor Rose, Director Herrick, Law Director Meyer,
the " Constitutionalists," the cranks, were falling on
each other's necks in their ecstatic bliss.

We let the Leader, of September 15th, show the
"line up " for the last part of the desperate game :

" At 2 o'clock, Wednesday afternoon, application was
made to Judge A. J. Ricks, of the United States Circuit
Court, for a federal injunction against the Monument
Commissioners.

" The controversy over the location of the Soldiers'
Monument was taken into the United States Court by
Mrs. Emma A. Hoyt, and William D. Hoyt, her hus-
band, residing in Manchester, New Hampshire, who
own the property on the Public Square occupied by the
Forest City House. They filed a bill of complaint
against the Monument Commissioners and McAllister
& Dall, the contractors who are engaged in laying the
foundations for the Monument. They asked for an in-
junction restraining them from taking possession of the
Square, from enclosing any portion of it, from removing
the statue of Commodore Perry, and from proceeding

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 303

to erect the proposed Monument on an}' portion of the
Square. They claim that the Square was originally
deeded to the public by the Connecticut Land Com-
pany, and that their property was deeded from the
Connecticut Land Company, with the understanding
that no building or structures of any kind were to be
placed upon the Square. The suit is practically upon
the same ground as the original suit brought in the
Court of Common Pleas and which went to the Su-
preme Court and was there decided in favor of the
Monument Commissioners. Judge Boynton, one of the
attorneys for Mr. and Mrs. Hoyt, said that there was
practically no difference between the present suit and
the one which was decided by the Supreme Court, and
that precisely the same questions were involved. He
said that they believed that the Federal Courts would
look at the matter in a different light from the State
Courts, however.

"Among those present when the arguments were
commenced were General Leggett, of the Monument
Commission ; General Ed. S. Meyer, Judge Boynton,
his associate, J. H. Webster, for the complainants ;
Judge Jones, Loren Prentiss, Esq., and several inter-
ested listeners, besides the government officials. By
general consent Mr. Prentiss was allowed the first
speech in opposing the application for an injunction.
He objected to the proceedings on the ground that the
points involved had already been decided by other
Courts. He said that the City had investigated the
matter very thoroughly ; that it had looked into every
point and had taken advantage of every possible ques-
tion that could be brought up in opposing the location
of the Monument in the Square. He thought that the
same rule applied in the United States Court as in the
State Court as to the right of action and right of in-
junction, and that inasmuch as all these questions had

304 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

been decided, the action could not be continued. Mr.
Prentiss spoke for a great part of the afternoon in re-
viewing the questions and taking issue with the aver-
ments in the bill of complaint, and insisted that the
parties had no standing in the United States Courts
upon those questions.

"Mr. Prentiss was succeeded by Judge Boynton, who
spoke in favor of the application for an injunction. He
stated that the action was brought for the purpose of
showing to the Court that there were many points in
the decision of the Supreme Court in the Williamson
suit which were wrong. He insisted that the decision
of the Supreme Court of Ohio was no bar to the action
in the Federal Courts, even if the same questions were
involved. Judge Ricks stopped the arguments and
stated that he would grant a temporary restraining or-
der until such time as he could hear the full arguments.
He stated that Judge Taft, of Cincinnati, would be
here in a few days and would sit with him in the case.
It is probable that the case will come up for hearing
next Monday, and possibly earlier than then if Judge
Taft arrives this week. The bond of the complainants
was fixed at $1,000. It was furnished by Lee McBride
and R. M. Cobb. In the meantime all work on the
Monument foundation has been suspended by order of
the Court."

Thus again was the advance of the Commission
temporarily checked. Safely entrenched, we patiently
awaited this, the last and most desperate charge of the
very light brigade. We were not long kept in suspense.
The United States Government, through its Courts, as
well as through its armies, moved with a dash and cer-
tainty that completely annihilated the enemy. The
corporations, the cranks, the real estate jobbers were
knocked down and pounded beyond all recognition.
Law, order and justice prevailed.

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 305

The case was argued before Judges Ricks and Taft,
at Cincinnati, the latter part of September. The de-
cision was rendered by Judge Ricks, in Cleveland, on
October 9th, 1892. We copy from the World, of Octo-
ber 10th :

" It looks very much as if the Soldiers' Monument
would be erected in the Public Square.

" Once again the opposition to the site chosen by the
Monument Commission gets a black eye.

" Judge A. J. Ricks, in the United States Circuit
Court, Tuesday morning, denied the application of
Emma J. Hoyt, one of the owners of the Forest City
House, for a temporary injunction restraining the Com-
missioners from proceeding with their work.

" The room was crowded with interested spectators.
Major Gleason, President of the Commission, was there,
smiling and confident. Close to the Judge's bench sat
Director Meyer, Judge J. M. Jones, Gen. Elwell, At-
torney Loren Prentiss, Capt. James Hayr, Capt. Levi
T. Scofield, Capt. E. H. Bohm, Capt. Dewstoe, Gen.
M. D. Leggett, Capt. Molyneaux, Justice Bander, and
many other notables.

" When Judge Ricks ascended his bench, silence
quickly prevailed. His decision in full was as follows :

" The complainant as a tenant in common owns a part of the
property known as the Forest City House, which abuts upon the
Public Square in the City of Cleveland. She has filed a bill and
seeks as such property owner to enjoin the defendants from erect-
ing in the southeast quarter of the Public Square a monument or
mausoleum to commemorate the services of the Soldiers from Cuy-
ahoga County who died in the army during the late Civil War. She
avers that the Public Square when the City thereafter to be incor-
porated was platted was dedicated by the Connecticut Land Com-
pany, the original owners in fee of the land, as a common for the
enjoyment, use and benefit of the public of the City when duly or-
ganized.

" She avers that the dedication gave to her as a joint owner of
property abutting said Square by mesne conveyance from said
original grantor and dedicator a vested right to have said common

306 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

or Public Square forever applied for such public uses as the people
of the City to be organized thereafter might determine, providing
such uses were within the terms of the dedication. She further
avers that the defendants who are organized tinder the Statutes of
Ohio as a Board of Monument Commissioners, propose to erect upon
said quarter of the Public Square a structure called a Soldiers'
Monument, which is in fact a stone building 44 feet square and 20
feet high, constructed upon an elevated stone esplanade about 100
feet square, out of which a stone shaft arises 125 feet high, and that
this structure is of such proportions and shape as to monopolize
the greater portion of that quarter of the Square, and is to have
such rules and regulations as to its control when completed, as to
limit and curtail the public in their right to its use and enjoyment,
and therefore the said Public Square is to be applied to a use not a
public one within the spirit and scope of the dedication.

" She avers that the City has never legally given said defendants
any authority to occupy said Square for the purposes named and
that the sole power to grant the use of any part of the Square for
public purposes is vested in the Park Commissioners, who are a
branch of the Municipal Government, and that said Commissioners
have repeatedly refused to allow the Square to be occupied or used
by the defendants for said Monument.

" This misapplication of the use to which said common was dedi-
cated by the legislative enactment authorizing said Monument
Commissioners to occupy it for the purposes named, and their at-
tempted use of the same for such purposes, the complainant avers
is in violation of her contract and vested rights by State authority,
and is therefore in contravention of the Constitution of the United
States.

" The defendants answer that they are acting under the authority
conferred by the legislative enactment of April 16, 1S88, and that
the power to determine the public uses to which the Public Square
in Cleveland is to be applied is vested in the State Legislature,
which is the creator of Municipal Corporations in Ohio, and vested
with the power to define the limit of their municipal powers. The
validity of the act under which they were appointed and are now
exercising their powers has been affirmed by the Supreme Court in
a suit involving substantially the same issue now presented for our
consideration. It is contended that the decision of the Supreme
Court construing the scope and validity of this act of the Legisla-
ture is the voice of the highest judicial tribunal of the State, affirm-
ing the authority of the Legislature to prescribe the public uses to
which the Public Square of a city may be applied, and that the
Court sitting within the State of Ohio to administer the laws of the

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 307

State when not in conflict with the Constitution and Laws of the
United States, must follow such decision.

" The principle claimed is undoubtedly correct. The Supreme
Court of the United States, in repeated decisions, has well defined
the class of cases in which the Courts of the United States may con-
strue the law for themselves, and in as many decisions has as clearly
held that as to the scope and application of State laws, when not in
conflict with the Constitution and Laws of the United States, the
construction given to them by the highest Courts of the State is
binding upon us.

" It is, therefore, important to determine how far the rights of
the complainant in this case are fixed and controlled by the statutes
of Ohio. At the time the dedication of the common, or Public
Square, was made, in 1796, the City of Cleveland was not yet created.
The fee to the Public Square so set apart for public uses was held
in abeyance until the act of Dec. 6, 1840, when it was vested in the
Count)- in which the land was then located. ' In trust to and for the
purposes therein named, expressed or intended, and for no other use
or purpose whatever.' (First Chase Statutes, 211.) There was
nothing upon the map or plat defining the use intended, except
that the space denoting the present Public Square and streets about
it was to be used as a ' common.' This was the word used in the
statute. The dedication was for the City of Cleveland, to be there-
after organized under the authority of the Legislature, and for its
inhabitants. But to what uses was this dedication made ? If the
grantors had made the nature of their grant specific in written
terms, there is no doubt that the City of Cleveland (or even the
Legislature of Ohio if vested with supreme authority over the trust,
as claimed) would be held by the Courts to strictly apply the com-
mon to the uses defined and to no other.

" But no such written terms were stated. The grant was made
as a common or Public Square and the uses to which it was dedicat-
ed are the uses to which the Courts have held that property similar-
ly dedicated in other cities in Ohio can be applied. We have then
a dedication of the Public Square to public use, with the people of
the City of Cleveland claiming to be sole trustee to determine in
what manner and to what public use it should be applied. If we
grant that the complainant has a vested right as an abutting owner
of valuable property on the Square to have it applied to the uses in-
tended by the grantors, what is the nature and extent of this vested
right? It cannot be to her or her grantors the right to say what
shall constitute a public use of the Square. Her grantors, as the
original donors of the Square, did not see fit to clearly define the
extent and character of the uses to which it should be applied, as
they might have done if they intended or expected the uses to be

308 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

limited or specific. They simply set apart an open space on the
plat and marked it ' common.' This leaves the nature and extent
of the uses to which the common may be applied to be determined
by the trustees under proper legal principles, provided such uses
are public uses. What are ' public uses ' within the meaning of a
dedication so made, is well settled by repeated decisions in Ohio,
beginning with the earliest reports of the Supreme Court and fol-
lowing down to the latest. It has been held that a Court House
was a public use to which such space or common might be applied.

" In the case of Langley vs. Gallipolis, 20 S., the Supreme Court
has said : ' Such a place (a common) thus dedicated to the public
may be improved and ornamented for pleasure grounds and amuse-
ments, for recreation or health, or it may be used for the public
buildings and place for the transaction of public business of the
people of the village or city, or it may be used for purposes both of
pleasure and of business.'

" It appears from the stipulation as to facts filed in this case that
two Court Houses were once placed on this Square, one on the
northwest quarter and one on the southwest quarter. These public
buildings have been removed, and the Square, with streets running
through it, has for years been open and unobstructed.

"We think it fairly established, then, by the decision of the Su-
preme Court of Ohio and other States, that a public Monument
may properly be erected on a Public Square, and that such appro-
priation of public ground is a public use for public purposes. The
size of the Monument, its artistic merit, as well as the judgment ex-
ercised in the selection of the site, are not matters for the consider-
ation of this Court.

" They are within the discretion of public authority, to whom by
law the control of the Public Square is entrusted. In this case no
dedicated public street is to be obstructed by the Monument. The
diagonal paths through the southeast quarter of the Square are not
highways, in which the public has acquired a vested right, but they
are like the walks of a park, subject to change at will of the lawful
authorities in control. The access to complainant's property will
not be interfered with in the slightest degree.

"We, therefore, conclude that the use proposed is within the uses
to which the Square was dedicated. As before stated, the Supreme
Court of Ohio has decided that the Soldiers' Monument Commission
is a public authority lawfully constituted by act of the Legislature
to control the public uses of the Public Square to the extent of
erecting thereon the Soldiers' Monument. This decision deter-
mines finally the right of the Legislature of Ohio, so far as the
limitations imposed by the State Constitution are concerned, to
provide for the appointment of the Commission, and to confer on

LIEUTENANT -COLONEL MERYIN CLARK.

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 311

it the powers given in the act. That decision is final as to the va-
lidity of that statute. The only question, therefore, left to us upon
which we can exercise an independent judgment is, as before stated,
whether the act of the Legislature under which the defendants are
about to proceed, violates the Federal Constitution by impairing
the obligation of the contract of dedication from which the com-
plainant has derived rights in the Public Square as an abutting
property owner. The claim that the contract is impaired by an im-
proper use of the Square, not within the scope of the original pur-
pose, we have already found to be untenable. It remains only to
consider the second claim, i. e., was the City of Cleveland, by the
contract of dedication, made the irremovable trustee to manage and
control the uses of the Public Square, so that an attempt by the
Legislature to substitute another trustee is a breach of contract ?

" The dedication was made originally in 1796, and by subsequent
records in 1S01, by town plot recorded under the territorial statute,
in what was then Trumbull County, and in 1814, by record in the
present Cuyahoga County. The plat was designated on its face as
the plat of the City of Cleveland. By virtueof the statute the pub-
lic ground marked on the plat was vested in fee in the County for
the uses therein specified and none other. The present Public
Square, as shown on the face of the plat, bears no name or descrip-
tive title, but is described in the survey recorded with the plat as
'the Square.'

"It may be conceded that this constituted a dedication of the
land as a Public Square to the public uses of the inhabitants of the
future City of Cleveland and the neighborhood, i. e., to the uses of
the local public as distinguished from those of the State at large.
Rut from this no implication arises that the future Corporation of
Cleveland was to be the sole and irremovable trustee. The grant
was not to the City of Cleveland. The fee was in the County and
is probably there still. After Cleveland was incorporated in [826,
control over the Square was vested in the Common Council. The
City would never have acquired any control over the Square but
for an act of the Legislature subsequent to the dedication. If so,
may not the Legislature of the State again change that control?'
The dedication was made before there was a State Constitution, a
State Legislature, or an incorporated City. The dedicators must
be held to have known that the whole people of Ohio had it in their
power to impose such systems of local government as they saw fit
upon any part of the State, including that part where it was intend-
ed the City of Cleveland should be.

" The presumption is not to be indulged, therefore, that they
intended in their dedication to limit anything but the public uses-
to which the Square should be put. They did not attempt to name

312 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

the public authority which should control the Square or common
within those uses. Even if they had they would have done this
with the knowledge that the power of such public authority might
be taken away and another substituted at the will of the Legisla-
ture and would be presumed to have contemplated a possible change
of trustee. As it was, no trustee was named; and it must be in-
ferred that the whole question as to who shall be the trustee of the
uses was left to the sovereign power of the State.

" We conclude, therefore, that it was no impairment of the origi-
nal contract of dedication for the State by act of the Legislature to
substitute as trustee another local authority in the place of the City
to control the special use to which this particular section of the
Square might be applied. The Monument Commissioners, in se-
lecting this site, are therefore acting within the power lawfully
conferred and have a right to proceed with the work already begun.

" The temporary restraining order heretofore allowed will be set
aside and the application for a preliminary injunction be denied.

" The conclusion we have reached is in accordance with the prin-
ciples of law involved, as we understand them after patient examina-
tion. Our personal views as to whether the location chosen is the
best have not in the least influenced us. Those are considerations
not presented in the record and upon them we have no right to ex-
press an opinion.

" It is with the law of the case alone that we have dealt."

The utter rout of the enemy was complete and over-
whelming. APPOMATTOX had been fought, and
won ! There may be a subsequent dash of a bush-
whacker, here and there, but the backbone of the
enemy is broken into fragments.

Local comment by the Leader relative to the decis-
ion was :

" The decision of the Court seemed to give entire
satisfaction. No criticism was heard even from the op-
ponents of the Square as the proper site. Several
attorneys who were favorable to any location but the
Square stated that the decision of the Federal Judges
was the most able that has yet been passed upon the
question. Soon after the temporary injunction was
•dissolved the contractors were at work within the en-
closure with a few men eettine in readiness for active

SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS' MONUMENT. .313

operations at constructing the Monument. It is said
that they will operate at night by electric light as well
as in daylight, and push the work to completion as far
as possible this Fall."

We reprint an editorial from the Leader of October
10th:

" The refusal of the United States Circuit Court to
grant an injunction against the Soldiers' and Sailors'
Monument Commission leaves that body with full leo-al
authority to proceed with the erection of the Monument
in the southeast corner of the Public Square, where
work has already been begun. The attempt made by
persons owning an interest in the Forest City House
property to secure the intervention of the Federal au-
thority is plainly an utter and final failure, and the
control of the Public Square is left wholly with the
Legislature and Courts of Ohio. Such being the case,
the decision of the Supreme Court of the State will
stand, and it is clearly impossible to prevent the erec-
tion of the Monument on the site already chosen, ex-
cept by act of the General Assembly. Nothing can be
done in the Legislature until January, and by that time
work upon the Monument is likely to be well advanced.

" Under all the circumstances, we believe that the
time has come to acquiesce as gracefully as may be in
the decision of the Monument Commission, upheld as
it has been by the Courts. From an artistic standpoint,
the Memorial to the Soldiers and Sailors of Cuyahoga
County might as well be in the southeast corner of the
Square as any other part of that small space. Indeed,
it will look better there than in any other section. If,
then, the only choice possible is between the site orig-
inally chosen and some other portion of the Public
Square, there is no good reason why a bitter and un-
seemly contention should be prolonged, even if it were
possible now to prevent the Commissioners from goino-

314 ' HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

ahead with their plans. In view of the equally futile
and violent opposition which has been encountered by
the Monument Commission, that body will probably do
all that it can to so clinch its victory before the begin-
ning of the next session of the Legislature that inter-
ference with the completion of the Monument would
seem a great waste of money and labor.

'' It is useless to fight against the inevitable, and the
Monument question might as well be considered closed.
The objections to the site chosen have been much ex-
aggerated in some quarters, and the completed struct-
ure will prove much less of an obstruction to persons
passing through the Square than the present enclosure.
It is quite possible that public opposition, the edge of
which has already worn off, will largely die away before
the completion of the Monument and that the structure
will be less objectionable in all respects than it has
been generally considered. The Leader has never
deemed any part of the Public Square the best place to
erect such a great work of art. We are of the same
opinion now. It seems, however, impossible to secure
the adoption of anything like an ideal site. Considera-
tions of expense, location, etc., have ruled out all but
those among which there can be but a choice of evils,
and hence we feel that it is time to end all bickering
and make the best of the erection of a great Monument
to the Union Veterans of Cuyahoga County in the south-
east corner of the Public Square."

To illustrate the lightning-like rapidity of the changes
of that fickle jade, " public opinion," in this case clearly
manufactured for a purpose : — when we were down our
necks were vigorously jumped upon ; when we were
neither up nor down, " public opinion " was roosting on
the fence ; but now, when we are on top, why, you see,
" public opinion " is different, you know ; the southeast
section of the Public Square is the proper place for the

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 315

Monument. Apropos, we copy the following graceful
editorial from the Leader of October 12th, 1892 :

" No good can follow any further litigation on the
Monument site question. The Commission has won at
every point, and the opposition might as well accept
the inevitable. It will be no disrespect to the memory
of the Commodore to remove his marble form a few
feet to the right or left, or to another section of the
Square. It presented a most imposing spectacle some
years ago when it stood in the center of the Square,
where the streets now cross. Xo noisy hullabaloo was
heard when it was removed to its present location to
make way for travel and street railroads. One objection
urged to the location of the new Monument on the
southeast corner of the Square is that sometime it will
be surrounded and dwarfed by high buildings. On the
other hand, the Commission contends that the view
from the other three sections of the Square and down
the avenue afford a perspective that will set off the
Monument to full advantage. Their judgment on this
matter is certainly entitled to very respectful consider-
ation, as they have given a great deal of careful and
thoughtful attention to the subject. The Monument
will certainly be an honor to this city. A critical study
of the design will convince any competent judge that it
will be one of the most beautiful and appropriate me-
morials ever erected in any country. It is going up on
the Square. The people might as well make up their
minds to that and gracefully acquiesce in the decisions
of the Courts and the wishes of the Monument Commis-
sion."

In the memorable and exciting game of foot-ball,
now drawing to a close in our Courts, the Monument
Commission team was invincible. We had met all
kinds and classes of opponents, and easily vanquished
them. In the preliminary practice, the enemy made a

316 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

respectable showing, but failed to make a touch-down.
In the regular games we had a clean score : 4 touch-
downs and 4 goals kicked. Judge Ricks' decision was
an additional goal, kicked from the field. At the end
of each contest the members of the opposing team
were carried off the gridiron on stretchers. A full
knowledge of the enemy's " signals," and earnest team
work brought victory to the Commission. In all dis-
putes we captured the umpire. Our center, guards,
tackles, ends and backs — especially our backs — were
strong, and knew their business. Our team played for
the patriotic glory of the final result. The players on
the opposing teams were a weak lot of professional
stiffs, out of training, lacking head and good team
work, and apparently objectless save the high salaries
thev received ; therefore, they were scarcely ever in
it at any stage of the game.

XIX.

AND now, at the close of this legal struggle to se-
cure the Monument site, it becomes the charita-
ble duty of the historian to dispose of our friends, the
enemy, the dramatis personcc of the five act Monumental
drama, decently and in order. Here the last shall be
first, with a kindly advice to Judge Boynton, the ac-
complished advocate of the street railroad company ;
an able lawyer unfortunately retained in an already lost
cause, and destined to meet the fate of his legal pred-
ecessors, the amiable Corporation Counsel, Major
Burns, and the later Director of Law, General Edward
S. Meyer. The Supreme Court of Ohio and the United
States Circuit Court strewed alike the flowers of his
rhetoric, the logic of his legal lore and the mythical
claim of his New Hampshire clients, on the sea of ob-
livion, and thus finally and forever established and
confirmed to the Monument Commissioners the site se-
lected by them and granted by the Legislature, and
now adorned and beautified by the long delayed but
noble Monument.

The gentlemen of the Board of Trade retired from
the contest and gracefully submitted to the decisions of
the State Supreme and Federal Courts in the matter of
title of the selected site. Even noisy mass meetings
ceased to assemble in the Public Square to denounce
the protecting fence around the site of the contemplated
Monumental structure.

We resume our line of narrative in this strange,
eventful legal history, now narrowed down to a few side
issues and diminutive technicalities involved in the last

318 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

of the City's legal proceedings still pending in the
local Circuit Court.

In the last interview the Commission had with Mayor
Rose, he was officially non-committal, only deigning to
say, " The case of the City is entirely in General Meyer's
hands." The Director of Law said : " When the Cir-
cuit Court opens in October, we will be there, and if the
decision is against us, it will be carried to the Supreme
Court of the State."

Notwithstanding the Damoclean sword of the Director
of Law was suspended over the heads of the Commis-
sioners with his prophetic admonition that it would de-
scend upon them in October, they nevertheless had
progressed so far with the foundation that the removal
of the Perry statue had become an absolute necessity.
The failure of the City authorities to comply with the
law in that respect, as expressly provided, rendered it
necessary for the Commission to perform the work.
The task was completed December 3d, 1892. The
Leader of the following date described the event, which
we reproduce :

" The removal of the Perry monument from its place
in the southeastern section of the Public Square was
undertaken yesterday morning, and the statue of the
brave Commodore was successfully lowered from the
pedestal shortly after 3 o'clock in the afternoon. The
removal is rendered absolutely necessary by the fact
that the heavy stones for the Soldiers' Monument could
not be taken to the spot from which they will be
hoisted to their places, without great danger to the
base of the Perry monument. Besides that there would
be danger of stones or heavy tools falling on the statue.
Elijah Smith, who moved the Commodore from the in-
tersection of Superior and Ontario Streets twenty years
ago, is again entrusted with the delicate task, but he
left the active work to his son, with Captain Levi T.

MAJOR J. B. HAMPEON.

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 321

Scofield, the designer of the new Monument, to over-
see the operation. It is an interesting fact that Cap-
tain Scofield helped in the building of the Perry Monu-
ment.

" All of yesterday morning was spent in erecting a
derrick and placing a scaffold around the statue of the
Commodore. At about 2 o'clock, the head and breast
of the figure were swathed in coffee bagging and excel-
sior, so that the ropes would not damage the marble.
Shortly after 3 o'clock the statue was hoisted in mid air,
where it dangled for some time before it could be low-
ered to a skid which had been built to receive it. This
couch was softened with a great quantity of excelsior
and braces were placed under the massive shoulders of
the figure so that after it is boxed up the moving of the
receptacle will do no damage.

" In lowering the statue it was not injured in the
least. A rough rope touched the Commodore's whisk-
ers on the left side and the marble was so much
crumbled that the friction rubbed the surface off and
made it look white.

" While the preparations for all this were going on, a
photographer with a big camera came into the enclos-
ure. He adjusted the instrument to photograph the
figure of the midshipman on the west side of the
monument. The middy was photographed, and for a
purpose. The fact is that the figure was already muti-
lated and the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument Com-
mission desire to have a photograph to show that it
was there before the removal. The thumb and little
finger of the midshipman are broken off, probablv by
snowballs thrown by boys. His left trouser leg is
frayed out, two or three inches of the flowing panta-
loon being broken off. The flap of the boy's right
trousers pocket is also gone and the same is true of the
right lapel of his jacket. These mutilations are not

322 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

noticed by the ordinary passer-by, but a close inspec-
tion reveals them. The Commission wish to be able to
demonstrate that when they deliver the Perry monu-
ment to the City officials its condition is the same as it
was before the removal. The midshipmen and the
pedestal will probably be taken apart to-day. In pre-
paring to lower the statue of Perry it was discovered
that the sword hilt was made detachable, and it was
taken off.

" The condition of the Perry monument is such that
something must be done to arrest the decaying of the
marble and repair the mutilation if it is to be preserved.
The entire surface of the statue, which was once
smooth, is serrated and as rough as sandstone. The
profile of the Commodore's nose is jagged and looks as
though it had been nicked and chipped. Where the
surface has been at all protected it is smooth and gives
forth that glow which characterizes polished Carrara
marble. The Commodore's brow is creased with ver-
tical furrows, worn by the elements, while the natural
markings have been entirely obliterated by time. The
north side of the statue is in a worse condition than
the south side, presumably because the vapor-charged
winds come chiefly from the north. The destructive-
ness of Nature's forces is especially marked on the
brave old mariner's coat. The buttons were designed
by Captain Scofield, and he remembers how distinct
were the anchors and stars upon them, thirty odd years
ago. At present, on many of the buttons the anchor is
nearly worn off and the stars have in some instances
entirely disappeared. The buttons on the right leg of
the west midshipman's pantaloons are nearly obliter-
ated, while those on the other leg, which has a southern
exposure, are in a much better state of preservation.

" The Commission are not authorized to again erect
the Perrv monument after the work on the new Memor-

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 323

ial is completed, but in times past in discussing the
matter the Commissioners have all expressed them-
selves willing to put it up again in as suitable a place
as can be found in the southeastern section of the
Square, they having authority only there. It is ex-
pected, however, that the City will place the monument
in Lake View Park.

"The original design of the Perry monument did not
provide for the core base upon which it now rests. As
the monument stood at the intersection of Superior and
Ontario Streets, upon a grassy mound, the base was
formed by two immense blocks of pink Westerly gran-
ite, which had been given by the State of Rhode
Island. When the streets were cut through the Square,
the grassy mound was taken away, exposing the un-
hewn stones of the foundation. In order to hide their
ugly surfaces some one conceived the idea of veneering
them with a cored base of inferior granite and that
veneer now forms the base, the pink granite being the
second tier of stone in the pedestal. Artists and monu-
ment builders have severely criticised the base because
its cored surface, terminating almost in a feather edge,
gives it the appearance of weakness. This veneer,
which hides the foundation stones, is now slightly out
of place. The weight of the blocks of granite above it
has forced open the joints, and if nothing had been
done, in a few years the monument might have fallen
of its own weight. At one place the core veneering
does not come within an inch of making a perfect
joint.

" The statuary had been carefully removed and
boxed. The statuary is in a safe place, safer than it
has been for thirty years or more, for the rigorous
winter weather will not aid in the further disintegration
of the delicate Italian marble. Not until the City again
erects the monument will the destruction be resumed.

324 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

The immense blocks of granite forming the pedestal
were easily moved and drawn out of the way. They
were not boxed, for the weather will do them no harm.
After the core veneer had been removed the rough
foundation was revealed. It consisted of small sand-
stones cemented with ordinary mortar. Wonder was
no longer expressed that the insubstantial base had
been forced apart at the joints when the character of
the foundation above ground was revealed. The
foundation was removed with pickaxes and shovels,
as it was not worth preserving.

" Major W. J. Gleason, President of the Soldiers'
Monument Commission, expects, now that the Perry
statue has been taken down, that it will be taken in
charge by the City. He said that the greatest draw-
back to the removal of the statue was the disinclination
of the City authorities to take it from the pedestal in
the Public Square. ' Now that the statue has been
taken down, we await the pleasure of the City,' said
Major Gleason. ' I expect that the Council will pass a
resolution requesting Director Herrick to remove the
statue to Lake View Park. There is a circular plot on
a line with Ontario Street that would make a splendid
site. In the meantime we shall take the best of care
of the statue. It will be boxed up and fully protected
from the weather. If the City desire to have the
statue erected in the Square again we can provide a
good site for it between the Monument and Superior
Street.'

" ' What would be the cost of removal to Lake View
Park?' was asked.

" ' It would not exceed $500 and might not be more
than $300. The statue could be loaded on a wagon and
taken to the park in twenty minutes. The cost of
taking up the foundation in the Square and removing
it to the park would also be small. At the latter place

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 325

the foundation would not need to be placed deep
enough to encounter the quicksand.'

" Now that the Perry monument has been removed,
the erection of the shaft of the Soldiers' Memorial can
be begun this week. The scaffold is finished and the
sandstone base for the shaft is about completed. The
Perry monument was removed so that the wagons,
upon which the blocks of granite for the shaft are to
be hauled to the Square, can be run upon a platform
under the scaffold. The blocks will then be lifted by
a steam derrick and placed in position with only one
handling, which means a saving of time, labor, and ex-
pense. Across the top of the scaffold the fifteen-inch
steel beams will be placed, and upon these a small
tramway will be constructed. Upon the tramway the
•carriage of the steam derrick will move backward and
forward in carrying the blocks to their places."

As the City authorities claimed they had no monev
with which to take down the Perry statue, the Com-
mission paid the expense for the same, amounting to
only the paltry sum of eighty-nine dollars. We are
pleased to be able to quote the heroic expression of
General Meyer, at the meeting held on the Public
Square, September 2d, 1892, to- wit : UI would rather
lose my right arm than see Perry's statue taken down."
He was not present at the time it was necessary to take
down the statue, hence he did not " see " it done. So
the General's good right arm still clings to him. At
which we all rejoice, for privately and personally, we
sincerely wish our last legal opponent good health, hap-
piness and prosperity, with a perfect body.

On the evening of December 5th, 1892, the City
Council took the following action :

" By Mr. Caswell — That the President of this Council be requested
to appoint a committee of three members of the Council to act
with the Director of Public Works in the selection of a site for the
Monument of Commodore Perry, and that the Director of Public

326 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

Works be and he is hereby authorized and directed to cause the re-
moval of said monument to the site thus selected, the expense of
said removal, together with the erection and construction of an
appropriate base and foundations, to be paid from the general fund,
after the money is appropriated for this purpose.

" Adopted.

" The chair appointed as above Committee Messrs. Caswell, Spil-
ker and Malloy."

The Committee reported on December 12th, 1892, as
follows, quoted from the original document :

" Cleveland, O., December 12th, 1892.
" To the Council.

" Gentlemen : — Your Committee appointed to select a suitable
site for the monument of Commodore Perry submit the following
report : Feeling sure that the majority of the people of our city
would favor some point on the Lake front, your Committee visited
Lake View and Gordon Parks only. In the latter we found many
beautiful sites which had some advantages over those in Lake View
Park, being further removed from the railroad tracks and freer
from the smoke and dust of the city, and having larger park sur-
roundings. After visiting Lake View Park, however, the Commit-
tee were unanimous that the site at the foot of Ontario Street
would be more satisfactory to the majority of our citizens. The
monument, if erected there, can be seen from the Public Square,
and by thousands who reach the city by rail or by boats on the
lake. It is the sense of the Committee that the people who have
become accustomed to seeing the monument in the center of the
city would not favor its removal to a suburban park ; therefore, it is
the unanimous opinion of this Committee that the Monument be
placed in Lake View Park, at the foot of Ontario Street, facing up
the lake toward the scene of the victory it commemorates.

" [Signed.] " D. O. Caswell,

"W. A. Spilker,
" M. C. Malloy,
" R. R. Herrick.
" Report received and its provisions adopted by the Council.

" Howard H. Burgess, City Clerk."

It will be noticed that the foregoing report of the
City Council Committee, unanimously approved by the
Council, is also signed by Director Herrick. From this
it might be inferred that prompt action would be taken
by the City authorities. Nothing, however, was done.

soldiers' and sailors7 monument. 327"

When Director Herrick was asked why he did not com-
ply with the action of the legislative branch of the City
Government, his reply was that the City had no funds
for the purpose. A financial statement, published at
the time, showed $1,500,000 to the credit of the City!
Still the gallant Commodore was allowed to rest in
quiet repose " till other times and other men would rise-
and do justice to his memory."

Owing to the condition of the Perry statue, caused by
" Time's effacing' finger " and the destructive force of
natural elements, recently largely added to by having
the delicate marble scrubbed with acids, under the
ignorant orders of the Director of Public Works, the
Commission recommended to the City authorities that
the figures be duplicated in enduring bronze. If this
would be done, the Commission would gladly re-erect
the Perry statue with the Soldiers' Monument, on the
southeast section of the Public Square. Failing in
this, the Commission suggested that the statue be put
in bronze and placed on the plat laid out for it in 1879,
in Lake View Park, at the foot of Ontario Street, over-
looking the scene on which Perry achieved his ever-
memorable victory over the British. The Commission
would gladly do this work, but they had no legal,
authority, nor were they granted permission so to do.

XX.

THE cold, wintry days of December were upon us,
therefore the Commission could not proceed very
rapidly with work. The failure of the Director of Pub-
lic Works to remove the water main caused consider-
able trouble and expense. This difficulty could have
been readily overcome, had the Commission been al-
lowed to remove the pipes, but the City officials would
not give them permission to do so. Captain Scofield
temporarily solved the problem by building strong
arches of cement over the pipes. This was a waste of
time, material and money, but it was the only thing to
do under the circumstances. The increased cost of
material, the higher prices demanded by contractors,
the loss of one-tenth of a mill revenue through Judge
Sherwood's decision, the several lawsuits against the
work of the Commission, the setting aside of contracts
owing to delay and consequent uncertainty, and the in-
creased expense generally, caused by the evasive and
procrastinating conduct of the City officials and selfish
schemes of interested parties, rendered it necessary to
again go to the Legislature for relief. Comrade and
Representative W. D. Pudney introduced the required
bill, at the request of the Commission. With the gen-
erous aid of his colleagues and of all of the members of
the House and Senate, the bill was unanimously made
law. When the session laws were subsequently pub-
lished, it was found that the bill was not passed as pre-
pared. The objectionable interpolations were, however,
.amended out of the statutes by the succeeding General
Assemblv. The law as enacted is as follows :

MAJOR -GENERAL JAMES B. McPHERSON.

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 331

"AN ACT
" To amend section one of an act entitled ' An act supplementary
and amendatory to an act to amend section one of an act entitled
an act to authorize the County Commissioners of Cuyahoga
County to build a Monument or Memorial Tablet commemorative
of the deceased Soldiers and Sailors of said county, and to pur-
chase a site therefor, passed April 2, 1880, (vol. 77, p. 368), as
amended February 4, 1881 (vol. 78, p. 316), as amended April 22,
1885 (vol. 82, p. 368), as amended April 16, 1888 (vol. 85, p. 564), as
amended January 30, 1890 (vol. 87, p. 391),' and as amended April
2, 1891 (vol. 88, p. 786), and also to amend section seven of said
amendatory act of April 16, 1888 (vol. 85, p. 564).

"Section i. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State
of Ohio, That section one of an act entitled ' An act to authorize the
Commissioners of Cuyahoga County to build a Monument or Me-
morial Tablet commemorative of the deceased Soldiers and Sailors
of Cuyahoga County, and to purchase a site therefor,' passed April
2, 1880 (vol. 77, p. 368), as amended February 4, 1881 (vol. 78, p. 316),
as amended April 22, 1885 (vol. 82, p. 368), as amended April 16, 18S8
(vol. 85, p. 564), as amended January 30, 1890 (vol. 87, p. 391), as
amended April 2, 1891 (vol. 88, p. 786), and section seven of said act
of April 16, 1888 (vol. 85, p. 564), be amended so as to read as follows :

" Sec. 1. That the County Commissioners of Cuyahoga County
be and are hereb}- authorized and directed to levy a tax upon all the
taxable property of said county, of seven-tenths of a mill on the
dollar of the valuation of said property, in addition to any tax here-
tofore levied under said acts, which said seven-tenths shall be levied
and collected as follows : For the year 1893, two-tenths of a mill ;
for the year 1894, two-tenths of a mill ; for the year 1895, three-
tenths of a mill ; which shall be levied and collected annually as
aforesaid, for the purpose of erecting a suitable structure commem-
orative of the services, patriotism and valor of the Soldiers and
Sailors of the Union Army and Navy in the war of the Rebellion,
who enlisted from Cuyahoga county, and putting in proper condi-
tion, and improving the grounds in said southeast section of said
Square around said Monument, and the funds arising from levies
heretofore made shall be applied, together with that to be raised in
pursuance of this amendatory act, to the purpose aforesaid, together
with the necessary expenses connected therewith ; and said County
Commissioners are hereby authorized and directed to issue bonds or
notes, at such times as they may be requested so to do by said Mon-
umental Commissioners, for the amount of the said three-tenths ad-
ditional levy to be made in the year 1895, and such bonds or notes to

332 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

be made payable in such amounts and at such times as will make
them come due, as near as practicable, at the times when the money
will be collected and received from such levy.

" Sec. 7. The Board of Monument Commissioners shall have
power, and are hereby authorized, as the work on the Monument or
structure by them determined upon progresses, to make drafts upon
the Auditor of said county to pay for such work done and materials
furnished under their direction, such drafts to be signed by a ma-
jority of the Executive Committee of said Board, countersigned by
its Secretary, and upon receiving such drafts said Auditor shall
draw his warrant upon the Treasurer of Cuyahoga County for the
amount of such drafts ; and the said County Commissioners are
hereby authorized and required to withdraw any portion of the
money invested by them as herein provided, as the' work on such
structure progresses, and place the same in the county treasury to
the credit of the Monument fund, and the Secretary of said Board
of Monument Commissioners is hereby required to give said County
Commissioners reasonable notice, in writing, of the intention or
said Monument Commissioners to make drafts on the County Audi-
tor for money for such work or material. Upon the completion
and dedication of the Monument or structure, the said Board of
Monument Commissioners shall turn the Monument over to a Board
of three Commissioners selected by them, none of whom shall be one
of their number, which said Commissioners shall be ex-Soldiers or
Sailors, and said Board shall be perpetual, with power of succession,
and such Commissioners so selected shall have power and be re-
quired, within ten days after occurrence of a vacancy, to fill the
same by selecting an ex-Soldier or Sailor, or a member or descend-
ant of members of either of the Army organizations known as the
Grand Army of the Republic, Union Veterans' Union, or a member of
the first class in good standing of the military order of the Loyal
Legion of the United States, which said Board shall serve without
compensation. Said Commissioners and their successors shall take
an oath to faithfully perform their duties in caring for the Monu-
ment and grounds surrounding the same, and shall be empowered
to employ an ex-Soldier of the War of the Rebellion or the Regular
Army, as attendant and guardian of such Monument and grounds,
at a reasonable compensation, to be paid out of the general fund of
the county, upon a voucher of the President and Secretary of the
Monument Commission, and such attendant shall be vested with the
ordinary powers of a policeman. Said Board shall also be authorized
to employ such assistance as may be required by the attendant, to
take care of the Monument and grounds, and to make such
necessary expenditure as in their judgment will be required
to make repairs to the Monument or improvements to the

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 333

grounds, to be paid out of the general fund of said county
in the manner hereinbefore provided. Said Board is author-
ized to prepare books, photographs, engravings, pamphlets
and other souvenirs and through the attendant sell them, the
proceeds of which shall be turned over to the county general
fund. Said Board shall not be allowed at any time to in any manner
charge for admission to said Monument, but shall be required under
their own proper regulations to keep the tablet room open to the free
use of the public. Upon the completion and dedication of such
Monument or structure, and after the same shall have been turned
over as herein provided, the duties and powers of the present Board
of Monument Commissioners shall cease, and all balances of the
Monument fund unexpended after the Monument is completed
and dedicated shall be turned over to the general fund of Cuyahoga
County. The Commissioners of Cuyahoga County shall provide the
necessary steam heating and lighting supply in the county buildings
and permit the Monument Commissioners to connect with same
for the purpose of properly and sufficiently heating and lighting
said tablet room and Monument, and said present Board of Monu-
ment Commissioners are hereby authorized to perform said work
and lay the necessary pipes and conduits through the public
grounds and streets for such purpose, the expense therefor to be
paid from the Monument fund.

" Section 2. That said section 1 as amended April 2, 1891 (vol.
88, p. 786), and said section 7 of said act of April 16, 1888 (vol. 85, p.
564), be and the same are hereby repealed.

" Section 3. This act shall take effect and be in force from and

after its passage.

" Lewis C. Laylin,

" Speaker of the House of Representatives.
" Andrew L. Harris,

" President of the Senate.
" Passed March 27, 1893."

Pending the enactment of said law, the Commission
went into Winter quarters for 1892-93. After its passage,
we knew our resources and carefully mapped out our
future plan of campaign. As soon as the weather per-
mitted in the early Spring of 1893, the contractors em-
ployed a large force of men and work on the structure
was vigorously pushed. While all this was going on,
the Law Director's gleaming Circuit Court blade still
hung dangling over our heads, but subsequent events
proved that the weapon was harmless.

334 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

The curtain is now about to descend on our " live
characters.1' We will let them pass gently away, with
slow music and muffled drums. The triumvirate offi-
cially dead, and the City of Cleveland still lives, grows
and prospers. Miracles will happen — even in the close
of this, the enlightened Nineteenth Century.

As their lovely official bodies were laid out on the
cold marble slabs of the morgue, for public inspection,
a French mourner, from Dublin, was heard to exclaim :
"Aich of 'em made as dacent and purty a corpse as one
would like to gaze upon. Omnibus invideas, Rose,
Herrick, Meyer, nemo libi! Sic transit gloria mwidi !
Nabocklish ! ! "

We are gratified to bid a fond farewell to our "heroes."
Among them were men of pronounced ability, which
was in large part overshadowed by their misdirected
judgment. The splendid opportunity had by them to
make a glorious record was shattered and broken by
their lack of healthy discrimination. We finally part
with them, more in sorrow than in anger ; with a pro-
found feeling of regret o'ertopped by gladness, indulg-
ing the hope that they will find that peace, content-
ment and happiness in private life that they tried so
earnestly to prevent the Monument Commission from
enjoying. Good bye !

Rira bien, qui rira 1c dernier !

VIVE, VALE!

XXI.

" Ring out the old, ring in the new."

AT last we may exclaim, " Gloria in Excelsis; peace
on earth and good-will to men." The long and
hindering litigation is substantially over and congratu-
lations are now in order. We are swiftly approaching
the time for the grand review. The white dove of
peace has descended upon us, and official interference
or legal proceedings in the Courts- no longer disturb the
even tenor of our way. Our long night of darkness and
doubt has been succeeded by certainty and genial
sunshine.

Happily for the Commission, the friends of the
Monument and its chosen site, there was a change in
the Municipal Administration in April, 1893, Hon.
Robert Blee becoming Mayor. He appointed John H.
Farley Director of Public Works, and Hon. James
Lawrence Director of Law. It was especially with these
three officials the Commission had principally to deal,
as had been their unhappy fate under the late admin-
istration. The new Mayor was a gentleman of sobriety
and an unassuming citizen, a man of few words, but
prompt action. The two Directors were imbued with
the same liberal spirit that characterized the Mayor.
Their advent was a welcome change from their vacilla-
ting and procrastinating predecessors. Friendly to the
Monument, to its site, and to the work of the Com-
mission, they practically demonstrated their good-will
by deeds as well as words.

Soon after Director Farley assumed the duties of his
position, he had the old water main removed from the

336 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

southeast section of the Public Square, as provided by
law and requested by the Commission, and a new main
laid in such place and manner as was necessary to
render the site occupied by the Monument perfectly
safe. For the information of the public we insert the
following official correspondence :

" Headquarters Cuyahoga County
"Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument Commission,
" Cleveland, O., January 4th, 1894.

" Mr. John H. Farley, Director of Public Works.

" Dear Sir: — Kindly favor the Monument Commission by reply-
ing to the following questions :

" 1st. How much was the cost of removing the water main on
the southeast section of the Public Square ?

" 2nd. How long did it take to perform the work ?

"3rd. For what length of time was the water shut off, pending
the removal of said water main ?

" A prompt answer will oblige,

" Very respectfully yours,

" Wm. J. Gleason, President."

" Cleveland, January 6, 1894.
"Mr. Wm. J. Gleason, Pres. Monument Commission, City.

" Dear Sir : — In reply to yours of the 4th inst. wherein you ask :

" 1st. How much was the cost of removing the water main on
the southeast section of the Public Square ?

" 2nd. How long did it take to perform the work ?

"3rd. For what length of time was the water shut off, pending
the removal of said water main ?

"Will say that cost of relaying is $1,248.68.

"Commenced the work May 24th, 1893, finished May 29th; 6 days.

" Water was shut off on Sunday, May 28th, from about 8 A. M. to
5 P. M. — 9 hours.

" Yours truly,

"J. H. Farley, Director of Public Works."

Under date of July 19th, 1892, it may be observed
that the late Director of Public Works officially reported
to the City Council that "the removal of the water main
is attended with danger; unless care is taken there may
be serious results. The lowest amount for which we
can remove the main will be $2,000. If we have to take

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 337

it around Bond Street the cost will be $7,000. // will
require at least five weeks to do the work."

The actual facts show that there was no danger in
removing the water main ; that care was taken in the
performance of this work — as there is in all work done
by sensible officials. The cost was $1,248.68, not $2,000
or $7,000 as above officially estimated and asserted.
The work was completed in six days, not five weeks, as
the "old public functionary " alleged, and the water was
shut off nine hours, on Sunday, so that no one was
injured or discommoded.

This statement of the late Director of Public Works
is a sample of the ostentatious and arbitrary assump-
tions, adverse and annoying to the Monument Commis-
sion and deceptive to the public, indulged in by some
officials of the late defunct Municipal Administration
and endured of necessity by the individual personality
of the Commissioners. This remarkable "estimate" of
the late Director is impressively suggestive of the
absolute certainty either of indiscreet dissimulation or
total deficiency of practical knowledge.

The new Director of Daw, James Lawrence, immedi-
ately upon the Session of the Circuit Court, dismissed
the suits therein long pending against the Commission,
at the City's cost.

In the course of a brief time the new City Adminis-
tration took charge of the Commodore Perry statue
and moved it to Wade Park. They erected it there in
a lovely spot ; not in as appropriate a place, by any
means, as Dake View Park would have been, but never-
theless it is in quite a pleasing location. To satisfy
curiosity, we add that it cost the City for removal and
resetting the sum of one hundred and seventy-five
dollars. Ex-Director Herrick, however, could not, or
did not, raise that amount — simply for the reason that
he did not desire to.

338 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

Thus was completely wiped out the last Yestige ot
the petty spite and rank nonsense of the defunct City
Government.

Work was resumed on the structure early in the
Spring of 1893, and vigorously carried forward during
the entire year. In order that the Monument and its
surroundings might be finished as originally designed,
an additional sum of money was required. Hence the
following bill was prepared and given to the Cuyahoga
County Delegation to the General Assembly. It was
taken charge of by our ardent friend, Comrade and
Representative J. Dwight Palmer, upon whose motion
the rules were unanimously suspended in the House
and the measure promptly passed that branch of the
Assembly. Comrade and Senator William T. Clark had
similar action taken in the Senate, after an earnest and
patriotic speech. The Bill, which was made law on
March 6th, 1894, is as follows:

"AN ACT

" Supplementary to and amendatory of an act entitled, ' An act to
amend section one of an act entitled 'An act supplementary and
amendatory to an act to amend section one of an act entitled 'An
act to authorize the County Commissioners of Cuyahoga County to
build a Monument or Memorial Tablet commemorative of the
deceased Soldiers and Sailors of said County, and to purchase a
site therefor, passed April 2, 1880 (vol. 77, p. 368); as amended
February 4, 1S81 (vol. 78, p. 316); as amended April 22, 1885 (vol.
82, p. 368) ; as amended April 16, 1890 (vol. 87, p. 391) ; and as
amended April 2, 1891 (vol. S8, p. 786), and also to amend section
seven of said amendatory act of April 16, 1888 (vol. 85, p. 564),
passed March 27, 1893.'

"Section i. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State
of Ohio, That in addition to the taxes anthorized to be levied by the
County Commissioners of Cuyahoga County, for the purpose of
erecting a suitable structure commemorative of the services, patri-
otism and valor of the Soldiers and Sailors of the Union Army and
Navy in the War of the Rebellion who enlisted from Cuyahoga
County, which authority is vested in said Commissioners by the act
to which this is supplementary and amendatory, the County Com-

SURGEON CHARLES A. HARTMAX.

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 341

missioners of said county are authorized and directed to levy a
further additional tax upon all the taxable property of said county
of three-tenths of a mill, for the year 1896; and said County Com-
missioners are hereby authorized and directed to issue bonds or
notes, at such times as they may be requested so to do by the
Monumental Commissioners of said County, for the amount of said
three-tenths additional levy to be made in the year 1896; such
bonds or notes to be made payable in such amounts, and at such
times, as will make them come due, as near as practicable, at the
time when the money will be collected and received from such levy.

"Section 2. All moneys raised by such additional levy so far
as the same may be necessary shall be expended by said Monu-
mental Commissioners, as provided in the act to which this is
supplementary and amendatory; should there be a surplus of money
after such Monument is fully completed and the grounds surround-
ing the same in the southeast section of the Square placed in
proper condition, such surplus shall be turned over to the County
Commissioners of said county, to be by them placed in the general
fund of said county.

"Section 3. This act shall take effect and be in force from and
after its passage.

"Passed March 6th, 1894."

For the purpose of striking from the statutes the
unjust discrimination against the members of the Mon-
ument Commission, surreptitiously injected into the law
of March 27th, 1893, and to carefully provide for the
future proper care of the Monument and grounds sur-
rounding it, the following supplemental bill was pre-
pared. It was passed through the House by Represent-
ative and Comrade J. D wight Palmer, and was made
law in the Senate by Senator and Comrade William
T. Clark on the 14th day of May, 1894, the act being
as follows :

"AN ACT

" Supplementary to an act entitled ' An act supplementary to and
amendatory of an act entitled 'An act to amend section 1, of
an act entitled ' An act supplementary and amendatory to an act
to amend section 1, of an act entitled 'An act to authorize the
County Commissioners of Cuyahoga County to build a Monument
or Memorial Tablet commemorative of the deceased Soldiers and
Sailors of said county, and to purchase a site therefor, passed

342 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

April 2, 1880 (vol. 77, p. 368), as amended Feb. 4, 1S81 (vol. 78, p.
316), as amended April 22, 1885 (vol. 82, p. 368), as amended April
16, 1890 (vol. 87, p. 391), and as amended April 2, 1S91 (vol. 88, p.
786), and also to amend Section 7, of said amendatory act of April
16, 1888 (vol. 85, p. 564), passed March 27, 1S93, as amended March
6, 1894.'

" Section i. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State
of Ohio, that upon the completion and dedication of the Cuyahoga
Countv Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument, the Board of Monumental
Commissioners shall select and appoint a Board of five Commission-
ers, to be known and designated as ' The Cuyahoga County Soldiers'
and Sailors' Monument Commissioners.'

" Said Board shall be Union ex-Soldiers or Sailors of the War
of the Rebellion, or a member or a descendant of members of either
of the Army organizations known as the Grand Army of the Re-
public, Union Veterans' Union, or a member of the first-class in
good standing of the military order of the Loyal Legion of the
United States, and residents of Cuyahoga County, and shall meet
and organize within ten days after their appointment ; by the elec-
tion from their members of a President and Secretary, and shall
serve without pay. Such Board shall be perpetual, and the members
thereof shall have power, and be required within ten days after oc-
currence, to fill vacancies, by selecting and appointing a Union ex-
Soldier or Sailor of the War of the Rebellion, or a descendant of
same, residing in Cuyahoga County.

" The members of such Board, and their successors shall take an
oath to faithfully perform their duties in caring for the Monument,
and the grounds surrounding it. Said Board shall be empowered to
make such rules and regulations for their government, and for the
care of the Monument and grounds surrounding the same, as in
their judgment is required, and shall have the power to employ a
suitable Union ex-Soldier or Sailor of the War of the Rebellion, or
of the regular army of the United States or descendant of either, as
attendant and custodian of such Monument and grounds, at a rea-
sonable compensation, to be paid from the general fund of the
county, upon a voucher of the President and Secretary of the
Monument Commissioners. Such attendant and custodian shall be
invested with the ordinary powers and authority of a policeman.

" Section 2. Said Monumental Commissioners, and the Board
herein provided for, shall have such control of the grounds of the
southeast section of the Public Square, including the streets, lawns,
and sidewalks surrounding the same, as will enable them to properly
perform their duties as Commissioners, and for no other purpose, and
shall have the authority to direct the manner of curbing the streets

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 343

on the south and east sides of the said southeast section of the
Square, also the laying of the cross-walks therein. Such Commis-
sioners, or the attendant and custodian of the Monument, shall
have full authority to remove and restrict express wagons, moving
vans, drays, public hacks, street railroad transfer stations, hucksters'
wagons, advertising devices, or decorations and all other obstruc-
tions from making their stands within the curbing, or in the streets
adjoining and contiguous to the curbing around said southeast sec-
tion of the Public Square. Any violation of this restriction is hereby
declared unlawful, and offenders upon conviction of such violation
may be punished as for disorderly conduct.

" Section 3. Said Board of Monument Commissioners are author-
ized to employ such assistants as may be required to take care of the
Monument and grounds, and from time to time to make necessary
repairs and improvements to the Monument and grounds, also to
provide for electric heating and lighting; payments to be made
therefor as is provided for the payment to the attendant and custo-
dian. The City of Cleveland shall furnish a sufficient supply of
water for use in and about the Monument, and the grounds sur-
rounding the same free of charge.

" Section 4. Said Board of Monument Commissioners shall
have the authority to place the tools, hose, ladders, and implements
required for use in the tool house used by the Park Commissioners
of the City of Cleveland, located on the Public Square, or in the
basement of the Court House as said Board may direct, without any
cost for storage.

" Section 5. Any person defacing or injuring the Monument, or
the flowers, plants, or sidewalks surrounding the same, shall upon
conviction thereof before the Police Court of the City of Cleveland
be fined not more than one hundred dollars, nor less than five dol-
lars, or imprisoned not more than sixty days, or both. And all
fines collected shall be paid into the general fund of Cuyahoga
County.

" Section 6. All acts and parts of acts so far as the same conflict
with the provisions of this act be and the same are hereby repealed.
" Section 7. This act shall take effect and be in force from and
after its passage.

" Leonidas H. Southard,
"Speaker pro tem. of the House of Representatives.
"Andrew L. Harris,

" President of the Senate.
" Passed May 14, 1894."

Thus was provided all of the funds required for the
completion of the historic structure that graces our

344 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

county, as well as the necessary legislation for its unre-
mitting care and protection.

In this connection, we desire to testify our earnest ap-
preciation of the valuable services of Comrade A. T.
Brinsmade, who freelv gave his time and ability to our
Legislative Committee, consisting of Comrades Elwell,
Leggett and Bohm, in the preparation of the several
laws required for the erection of the Monument.
Throughout the numerous lawsuits brought against the
Commission, he also tendered his brilliant services with-
out any pecuniary consideration.

XXII.

OUR trials and tribulations are happily at an end.
Our triumph is complete and overwhelming. The
Soldiers of the county, their patriotic supporters and
the members of the Commission have been magnifi-
cently vindicated. This being true, we gladly consign
all of the bitterness and misunderstandings of the dead
past to the tomb of oblivion. Our enemies, such as
they were, are forgotten and forgiven. Errors of the
head, of judgment, malicious or personally interested
actions, are relegated to the rear. Life is too brief to
treasure up enmity or ill feeling ; the brotherhood of
man is too human, and comradeship too sacred for
lasting hate ; so in this, our time of glorious victory, all
the harsh, unsavory heart-burnings of the past are
blotted out of sweet memory. " All is well that ends
well." Our future is bright and cheering, with not a
cloud to obsGure our hope or joy. Our enemies of the
past are our friends of the present and our co-workers
of the future. No more trials, troubles, disputes or
harsh feeling among old comrades, friends and neigh-
bors. All is harmony and blessed peace.

As a fitting end to the successful accomplishment of
our many years of labor — no officer or member of the
Commission, including the designer, having received
any pecuniary reward, our services being gladly given
for love of the object — let us take a brief glance at the
grandest memorial to patriotism that the world has yet
produced.

The beautiful granite shaft, surmounted by the ex-
quisitely proportioned and commanding figure of Lib-
erty, towers heavenward. The characteristic massive

346 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

stone and granite walls have assumed pleasing shape ;
our country's proud bird of freedom, the Eagle, with
wings extended, stands guard over the portals ; the
realistic scenes of the War, in the different branches of
the service, reproduced in heroic bronze groups, are in
place ; the old army corps badges, gracefully carved in
stone, entwined in laurel wreaths, adorn each of the
four sides of the memorial room ; the Nation's beautiful
emblem of liberty and justice, the glorious Stars and
Stripes, floats majestically in the breeze from handsome
flag staffs on the four corners of the structure ; while
between the finely constructed walks and the Monu-
ment are beds of lovely flowers, arranged in form and
color representing the corps badges of the different di-
visions of the Army and the badges of the Grand Army
of the Republic, Loyal Legion, Women's Relief Corps,
Union Veterans' Union and the Sons of Veterans, bor-
dered with wreaths of immortelles and forget-me-nots,
surrounded by pretty grass plats.

A visit to the interior is prolific of surprise and delight.
On entering at the south, the first object to attract and
hold attention is the solid and artistic bronze doors.
Then disclosed to the eye is the panel commemorating
the loyal women, in portrait group, who composed the
Executive Committee of the Aid Society of Northern
Ohio. The earnest work and many sacrifices of this
noble band of women are thus fittingly recognized, and
will ever be treasured in fond remembrance by the boys
who wore the blue. Also embraced therein is a modest,
sweet-faced Sister of Charity, binding up the wounds
of a stricken Soldier, a loving reminder of the unselfish
devotion of these angels of mercy and kindness, whose
tender and gentle ministrations were exhibited on every
battle field of the War, in the hospital and camp, regard-
less of rank, creed, nationality or color, purely for love
of humanitv and in obedience to the will of the Divine

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 347

Master. On the east side of the shaft, the panel rep-
resenting the conference at City Point of President
Lincoln with Grant, Sherman, Sheridan, Meade, Leg-
gett, Custer and other leading Generals, the result of
which led on to the surrender of Lee at Appomattox, and
the final complete success of the Union forces, is ad-
mired. Passing around on the north side of the shaft,
is strikingly exhibited the carrying out of the President's
Emancipation Proclamation — the immortal Lincoln
striking the shackles from the slave and putting a mus-
ket in his hands to go forth and do his part in the
truism that " he who would be free must himself strike
the blow." This scene in the panel is flanked by por-
traits of Chase and Sherman, the Nation's financiers,
and Wade and Giddings, Ohio's uncompromising anti-
slavery champions. On the west panel are represented
the War Governors of Ohio, Dennison, Tod and Brough,
with life-size figures of Generals McClellan, Cox,
Hayes, Garfield, Rosecrans and Gilmore. Glancing up
can be seen, in niches and imbedded in the shaft, fine
bronze busts and medallions of a few of our many local
heroes. The visitor's attention is then attracted by the
handsomely colored marble walls, soffits, ceiling and
fasces ; the satin-finished emblematic stained glass
windows ; the finely designed carved floor. Completely
encircling the four sides of the Memorial Room, cut in
appropriate marble slabs, appear in numerical order,
alphabetically arranged, the regiment, name and rank
of each and all of Cuyahoga's gallant defenders of the
Union ; this Roll of Honor being supplemented by the
names of the women of the Soldiers' Aid Society.
Bronze radiators furnish heat to the room, while a profu-
sion of soft, incandescent lights, peering forth from the
bronze electrolier, and suspended from the graceful
chandeliers, aid in displaying the richness of colors and
the soliditv of the interior.

348 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

The appropriateness, the fidelity, the grandeur of
Cuyahoga's noble tribute to the memory of her Union
Soldiers and Sailors stand before the people in all of
their lofty and inspiring lessons of patriotism. The
entire design is worthy of careful study, and exhibits a
combination of fitness and splendor that will continue
a joy forever.

The Monument now speaks for itself. Criticism is
disarmed. Commendation, unstinted praise is heard on
every tongue. Our former opponents have willingly
become our warmest admirers. The energy, the per-
severance, the marvelous skill, the untiring industry,
the wonderful conception of the artist receives its justly
merited reward. The design is what was desired and
intended — purely original. It is strikingly military in
every one of its features, and true in detail to all the
branches and accouterments of the service. The spirit
and dash of every element of the Civil War is repro-
duced and perpetuated with the minutest fidelity ; the
architecture and sculpture is thoroughly American ;
the lessons of history and patriotism it teaches will
demonstrate to present and future generations the price-
less heritage of freedom and union.

The coinage of the fertile and brilliant brain of Com-
rade Levi T. Scofield has given to Cuyahoga County
an artistic and imposing monument, to our country a
national memorial, and to the world a matchless struct-
ure that will for all time reflect credit on his genius,
bring renown and fame to our lovely city, and redound
to the everlasting glory and patriotism of the liberal
people of our county.

The object for which we were chosen is accomplished.
Our work is finished. We approach the dedication
with feelings of unalloyed satisfaction and supreme
happiness. We heartily thank the good people of Cuy-
ahoga County for their encouragement, loyalty and

BRIGADIER -GENERAL J. J. ELWELL.

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 351

earnest co-operation. We bow with gratitude and pro-
found thanks to the Giver of all good, to our Heavenly
Father, for His unceasing care and protection ; for His
preservation of every member of the Commission during
our many years of close companionship while engaged
in our devoted labor of love.

THE DEDICATION

OF THE

MEMORIAL.

VIEW OF MONUMENT FROM SOUTHWEST.

XXIII.

THE Memorial stands forth in all its beauty, a joy
forever, a finished structure. It is at once recog-
nized as a supreme credit to the generous people who
erected it ; to the memory of those whom it perpetuates,
and to the untiring energy of the Monument Com-
mission.

An 'enthusiastic meeting of representative citizens
was held in the Board of Control rooms, City Hall, on
May ist, 1894, t0 take the preliminary steps for a fitting
dedication of the elegant Memorial. Committees were
present representing the Monument Commission, the
City Council, the Board of Control, the Chamber of
Commerce, and the Sons and Daughters of the Amer-
ican Revolution. On motion of Major W. J. Gleason,
Hon. Robert Blee, Mayor, was chosen to preside ; Com-
missioner Charles C. Dewstoe was appointed Secretary.
There was some discussion had relative to the demon-
stration in view which was merely a matter of detail.
We quote the result of the meeting from the Plain
Dealer :

" Major Gleason, who had been sitting quietly by
while the discussion was in progress, pointedly observed
the talk was wholly foreign to the subject at hand, as
it had not yet been decided to have a celebration on the
Fourth. He followed this up with a motion that it be
the sense of the meeting that there be a proper observ-
ance of the Fourth of July, and that the dedication of
the Soldiers' Monument should be the central feature.
The motion was at once carried. He then named a
number of features of the day which should be in the
hands of committees, and moved that a chairman be

356 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

appointed for each by a committee of five, to be ap-
pointed by the Chair.

" On his motion, the Chairman appointed a sub-com-
mittee of five, whose duty it should be to select chair-
men of the necessary committees to carry out the cele-
bration. The committee selected by the Mayor for this
work consisted of Major W, J. Gleason, of the Monu-
ment Commission ; L. E. Holden, of the Sons of the
American Revolution ; W. J. Akers, of the Chamber
of Commerce ; Director W. A. Madison, of the Board of
Control ; and Councilman J. V. McGorray."

We continue the report of the meeting from the
Leader :

" Mr. W. J. Akers spoke of the importance of getting
the pupils of the public schools interested, and said that
they should be given ample time to drill and prepare
for the event. In his opinion, the sub-committees
should be appointed as soon as possible, so that they
might get to work.

" Major Gleason then outlined a program which had
been talked over by the members of the Monument
Commission. He said that the Sons of the American
Revolution had suggested a special feature which they
would carry out. This would be the firing of a salute
at sunrise and sunset, and the reading of the Declara-
tion of Independence. ' That is a good idea,' said the
Major, ' and we should all bend our energies to make
the day as grand a one as possible. We should have a
monster parade of old Soldiers, school children and
others. Then we should have an address by some ora-
tor of national reputation. In the afternoon, a grand
naval display could be given on the lake, under the di-
rection of Commodore Gardner, which would add much
to the interest of the occasion. The day could then be
rounded up with a grand display of fireworks and a
concert. The Monument which is to be dedicated is

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 357

the finest in the country, and is an honor not only to
the City of Cleveland, but to the State of Ohio.' "

The Mayor's Secretary, James Hossack, Esq., was
chosen Secretary of the General Committee.

The preparations for the dedicatory exercises, thus
auspiciously begun, were carried forward to the end
with the most complete harmony and good feeling.

The sub-committee appointed to select chairmen of
the several committees reported the following:

Committee of Arrangements. — Hon. Robert Blee,
Mayor, Chairman. James Hossack, Esq., Secretary.

Program. — Major William J. Gleason, Chairman.

Invitation and Speakers. — General J. J. Elwell,
Chairman.

Reception. — Hon. L. E. Holden, Chairman.

Finance. — Hon. L. E. Holden, Chairman.

Military. — Gen. James Barnett, Chairman.

Veteran Cuyahoga County Soldiers. — Capt.
James Hayr, Chairman.

Grand Army of the Republic. — Capt. G. C. Barnes,
Chairman.

Sons of Veterans. — Capt. Henry Frazee, Chairman.
Civic Societies. — Col. Charles C. Dewstoe, Chair-
man.

Music. — Prof. Charles F. Olney, Chairman.

Printing and Press. — Hon. John C. Covert, Chair-
man.

Merchants and Manufacturers. — Hon. Luther
Allen, Chairman.

Schools and Colleges. — Hon. H. Q. Sargent,
•Chairman.

Transportation. — Hon. William J. Akers, Chair-
man.

358 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

Decoration. — Col. L. N. Weber, Chairman.

Carriages. — Hon. J. V. McGorray, Chairman.

Loyal Women's Aid Society. — Mrs. Lena Spring-
steen, Chairman.

Daughters of the American Revolution. — Mrs.
Dr. E. M. Avery, Chairman.

Sons of the American Revolution. — Dr. E. M.
Avery, Chairman.

Naval Display. — Commodore Percy W. Rice, Chair-
man. .

Salutes and Fireworks. — Col. A. T. Van Tassel,
Chairman.

Early Settlers' Association. — Hon. A. J. Will-
iams, Chairman.

Municipal Bodies. — Hon.C. A. Davidson, Chair-
man.

Police. — Hon. M. J. Herbert, Chairman.

On the members of said General Committee rested
the responsibility of making the celebration a success.
The result showed that they were equal to the occasion,
the brilliant demonstration being freely acknowledged
by the press and public as the most fitting and grand
ever held, not alone in our fair city, but in the great
State of Ohio. On this particular Fourth of July,
Cleveland's celebration surpassed all others held in
America.

After getting down to work, the General Committee
held a regular meeting every week, besides frequent
special meetings. In a brief time the machinery glided
along smoothly, and each chairman announced the
names of his associates, the entire list being as fol-
lows :

soldiers' and sailors' monument.

359'

COMMITTEE ON PROGRAM.

Major William J. Gleason, Chairman.
Captain J. B. Molyneanx, Secretary.

Captain Levi F. Bauder, Captain L. W. Day,
Captain Edward H. Bohm, Captain J. C. Roland,
Captain Levi T. Scofield, Captain D. G. Nesbitt,

Colonel E. W. Force,
Dr. R. W. Walters,
General James Barnett,
General J. J. Elwell,
Col. C. C. Dewstoe,
Captain James Hayr,
General M. D. Leggett,
L. E. Holden,
George A. Robertson,
Captain G. C. Barnes,
Hon. W. T. Clark,
Hon. J. Dwight Palmer,
Hon. W. D. Pndney,
Hon. Elroy M. Avery,
Hon. George W. Gardner,
Captain H. Q. Sargent,
W. J. Akers7
H. H. Hyman,
M. J. Herbert,
J. H. McBride,
Captain Henry Frazee,
Professor C. F. Olney,
Colonel John Dunn,
Hon. J. J. Sullivan,
Ryerson Ritchie,
Colonel A. T. Van Tassel,
Jacob Mandelbaum,
B. Mahler,
Kaufman Hays,

W. M. Bayne.
Charles P. Salen,
Captain Percy W. Rice,
Captain E. M. Hessler,
Sheriff W. R. Ryan,
Colonel Conrad Beck,
Captain L. WT. Bailey,
Captain T. W. Brainard,
H. P. Mcintosh,
Colonel Frank Dowd,
C. C. Schellentrager,
Captain Patrick Smith,
Robert Bandlow,
Colonel A. T. Brinsmade,
Captain Hugh Buckley,
Colonel L. Smithnight,
Captain E. J. Kenned}-,
J. B. Morrow.
C. A. Davidson,
Captain J. C. Shields,
Captain Levi E. Meachamr
Fred. Saal,
James McHenry,
James Lavan,
Hon. C. C. Burnett,
Colonel C. L AldersonT
H. H. Burgess,
C. J. Manix,
John Yevera.

36°

HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

COMMITTEE ON INVITATION.

General J. J. Elwell, Chairman.
Captain Levi F. Bander, Secretary.

Hon. Lee McBride,
Major W. J. Gleason,
Hon. R. C. Parsons,
Captain J. B. Molyneaux,
George S. Russell,
Hon. A. J. Ricks,
C W. Bingham,
Hon. W. W. Armstrong,

J. B. Morrow,
Frank Rockefeller,
Dan P. Eells,
Capt. George A. McKay,
Gen. J. S. Casement,
Gen. A. C. Voris,
Hon. A. J. Williams,
T. M. Irvine.

COMMITTEE ON RECEPTION.

L. E. Holden, Chairman.

General M. D. Leggett, A. Wiener,

Hon. Henry B. Payne, Hon. O. J Hodge,

Colonel William Edwards, Alfred Whitaker,

Hon. M. A. Hanna,
Hon. R. C. Parsons,
Hon. Charles A. Otis,
Lee McBride,
Hon. W. W. Armstrong,
Hon. M. A. Foran,
Charles F. Brush,
John Tod,
George W. Howe,
William J. Akers,
Judge J. M. Jones,
Hon. B. D. Babcock,
William Bingham,
Major Fayette Brown,
Hon. Stephen Buhrer,
H. R. Hatch,
Samuel L. Mather,
Hon. T. E. Burton,

J. B. Zerbe,

E. R. Perkins,

Hon. G. T. Chapman,

Henry D. Coffinberry,

Hon. W. J. McKinnie,

Hon. vStevenson Burke,

Charles Wesley,

H. C. Ranney, Esq.,

Judge J. D. Cleveland,

S. T. Everett,

Hon. George W. Gardner,

S. W. Sessions,

Hon. C. B. Lockwood,

Hon. D. A. Dangler,

Hon. C. C. Burnett,

W. F. Dutton,

J. S. Dickie,

C. H. Bulklev,

soldiers' and sailors' monument.

361

E. C. Higbee,
I. P. Lamson,

Colonel Myron T. Herrick,
Col. Horace. E. Andrews,

F. De H. Robison,
Professor C. F. Olney,
Hon. William Monaghan,
Hon. Tom. L. Johnson,
William Greif,

John Meckes,
Hon. Joseph Black,
C. A. Grasselli,
Hon. E. M: Avery,
Luther Allen,
Bolivar Butts,
Judge A. S. Draper,
Judge J. C. Hutchins,
Judge C. W. Noble,
Judge W. C. Ong,
Judge E. T. Hamilton,
Judge A. W. Lamson,
Judge H. C. White,
Hon. W. J. White,
Major William J. Gleason,
S. D. Dodge, Esq.,
August Zehring, Esq.,
A. T. Anderson,
General James Barnett,
Hon. S. E. Williamson,
Hon. Amos Townsend,
Hon. A. J. Williams,
Hon. V. A. Taylor,
Hon. H. M. Chapman,
Hon. John P. Green,
Hon. H. C. Smith,
Hon. Martin Dodge,

Hon. J. W. S. Webb,
Hon. J. H. Breck,
Hon. E. W. Doty,
Hon. W. H. Clifford,
Hon. O. D. Miller,
Hon. W. R. Coates,
Hon. M. Gallagher,
Hon. J. P. Haley,
Hon. A. G. Harbaughr
Hon. C. M. Le Blond,
Hon. J. M. Williams,
Hon. E. S. Flint,
Hon. F. H. Eggers,
Hon. T. P. Handy,
Hon. J. J. Stranahan,
Hon. J. C. Bloch,
Hon. David Morison,
L. A. Russell, Esq.,
Dan. P. Eells,
Judge C. C. Baldwin,
Judge W. B. Sanders,
Judge M. R. Dickey,
Judge George B. Solders,.
Judge G. M. Barber,
Judge F. H. Kelly,
Judge J. T. Logue,
Judge J. E. Ingersoll,
Mgr. T. P. Thorpe,
Rev. George W. Pepper,
Rev. John Mitchell,
Rev. G. A. Hubbard,
Rev. C. S. Bates, D. D.,
Rev. Levi Gilbert, D. D.,
Rev. S. P. Sprecher, D. D.,.
Rev. H.C. Applegarth,D.D.
Rev. M. A. Scanlon,

.362

HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

Rev. William McMahon,
Rev. M. Machol,
Rev. Moses J. Gries,
Rev. D. H. Muller, D. D.,
Rev. D. O. Mears,
Rev. H. C. Haydn, D. D.,
Rev. C. S. Pomeroy, D. D.,
Rev. Charles Townsend,
Rev. Charles Kohler,
Captain J. C. Keffer,
Captain T. K. Dissette,
Colonel E. S. Coe,
Colonel E. Sowers,
General H. H. Poppleton,
Major Charles H. Smith,
Captain Frank Wilson,
Captain L. W. Bailey,
-Captain W. J. Morgan,

Major Willard Abbott,

Major D. W. Johns,
•Captain George P. McKay,

Dr. G. C. E. Weber,

Dr. H. J. Herrick,

Dr. T. A. Burke,

Dr. John Dickenson,

Dr. George O. Butler,

Dr. B. W. Holliday,

Dr. John Perrier,

Dr. E. D. Burton,

Dr. J. A. Gilbert,

Dr. Rollin Horton,

Dr. X. C. Scott,

Dr. Z. T. Dellenbaugh,

Dr. W. P. Horton,

Dr. G. J. Jones,

Dr. W.J. Scott,

Professor Cady Staley,
Prof. Edward L. Harris,
Professor T. H. Johnston,
Professor Alfred Arthur,
W. S. Kerruish, Esq.,
Virgil P. Kline, Esq..
J. H. Wade, Jr.,
George Hoyt,
N. P. Bowler,
Thomas Maher,
Charles A. Brayton,
Charles F. Brush,
S. M. Carpenter,
W. C. Scofield,
Luke Brennan,

L. H. Severance,

Daniel E. Leslie,

F. B. Squire,

E. H. Perdue,

T. H. Graham,

Isaac Reynolds,

S. H. Curtiss,

A. C. Hord,

J. H. A. Bone,

W. S. Chamberlain,

W. G. Andrews,

N. O. Stone,

E. W. Oglebay,

W. R. Austin,

J. H. Van Dorn,

A. G. Hutchinson,

A. E. Akins,

W. S. Tyler,

Thomas Rodgers,

Gustav Schmidt,

J. F. Gallagher,

•

■

•

*v ;

W r^

fcv

Hs#^ ■ I

, Ik /;;?

MAJOR-GENERAL A. C. VORIS.

soldiers' and sailors' monument.

365

Frank Randel,
J. Wageman,
F. Strauss,
Jacob Steinfeld,
J. H. Bradner,

D. B. Wick,
Chris. Grover,
W. B. Hale,
James Parmelee,
William Monaghan,

B. D. Anne wait,
J. H. McArthur,
W. B. Davis,
Arthur Adams,
Eckstein Case,
Thomas J. Rose,
J. Carabelli,
George A. Groot,
J. A. Smith,

P. E. Mulcahy,
J. P. Madigan,
Joseph Goodhart,
Richard O'Rourke,

E. R. Walker,

J. P. McKinstry,

T. W. Hill,

J. C. Weideman,

R. A. Butler,

J. D. Clary,

P. H. Babcock,

L. S. Fish,

George J. McKnight,

J. M. Henderson,

C. W. Burrows,
W. M. Day,
Alfred Gayton,

N. A. Gilbert,
Thomas Reilley,
M. G. Watterson,
T. M. Irvine,

A. J. Michael,
John F. Weh,
E. D. Sawyer,
W. F. Walworth,
W. H. Brett,

B. F. Phinney,
T. M. Bates,
James Moriarty,
Conrad Mizer,
W. C. Rudd,

J. W. Conger,
Thomas H. White,
George A. McArthur,
H. Trenkamp,
Webb C. Ball,
Harry L. Vail,
W. S. Dodge,
H. W. S. Wood,
A. T. Hubbard,
George Cooper,

E. H. Hopkins,
J. P. Dawley,
W. J. Watterson,

F. H. Glidden,
A. F. Hartz,
M. F. Powers,
E. B. Bander,

R. H. Fetterman,
J. B. Mooney,
J. G. W. Cowles,
Andrew Squire,
Sam Briggs,

366

HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

P. C. O'Brien,
Daniel Connelly,
J. V. Kennedy,
Dr. E. E. Beeman,
A. H. McGraw,
Daniel Myers,
Daniel Bailey,
J. V. Painter,
A. L. Moses,
H. W. Mnnhall,
J. C. Forman,
John M. Tyler,
T. F. Newman,
W. R. Gerrard,
W. H. H. Peck,
D. Perkins,
H. W. Power,
Owen Quigley,
R. R. Rhodes,
W. H. Quinby,
J. A. Beidler,
J. A. Richardson,
C. J. Hills,
C. A. Selzer,
T. A. Selover,
V. C. Taylor,
John B. Smith,
A. P. Winslow,
M. B. Stevens,
M. B. Clark,
George J. Warden,
John G. White,
N. P. Whelan,
Horace W. Whitney,
C. W. Collister,
L. H. Winch,

B. E. Helman,

B. L. Pennington,
Henry C. Miller,
James S. Cockett,
H. P. Card,

C. B. Beach,
W. W. Hazzard,
John C. Compton,
J. W. Walton,

J. S. M. Hill,
John H. Farley,
J. T. Kilfoyl,
J. B. Savage,
F. A. Arter,
H. A. Tidd,
C. C. Shanklin,
Charles W. Chase,
John T. McKee,
William Fnrst,
Charles G. Hickox,
William Becker,
William Southwell,
R. T. Denison,

E. G. Barkwill,
H. B. Corner,
John F. Whitelaw,
P. M. Spencer,
Charles A. Post,

F. S. Sanford,
J. A. Melcher,
Calvary Morris,
H. S. Whittlesey,
Belden Seymour,
C. W. Whitmarsh,
S. M. Strong,

A. I. Truesdell,

soldiers' and sailors' monument.

36;

George Gloyd,

H. W. Luetkemeyer,

J. Krauss,

Sol. Sloss,

J. H. Shaw,

George P. Welch,

E. Heyse,
Ithiel Stone,

F. F. Stranahan,
Henry H. Stair,
William Likly,
W. S. Ranney,
Benjamin Rose,
Charles C. Hills,
Richard Bacon,

B. F. Horner,

C. L. Kimball,

C. L. Hotze,
Carl Clanssen,
Martin House,
William R. Huntington,
H. E. Foote,

A. G. Hopkinson,
George A. Ingersoll,
Emil Joseph,
P. H. Kaiser,

G. W. Kinney,
Theodore Kundtz,
Charles A. Kuzel,
William A. Lamprecht,
Theodore Bury,

T. M. WTarner,

D. H. Tilden,
William Bowler,
J. C. Murphy,
Thomas Manning,

J. M. Mnlrooney,

A. J. Marvin,

Joseph E. Farrell,

J. W. Bntler,

Charles H. Tucker,

Henry Koebel,

H. W. Hnbbard,

George S. Wright,

Alfred Eyears,

Theodore F. McConnell,

S. S. Ford,

M. R. Daykin,

J. S. Goldenbogen,

George A. Meyers,

L. Schlather,

Charles Fries,

James Gibbons,

W. A. Thieme,

L. O. Rawson,

Levi Wherry,

H. L. Taylor,

C. H. Beardslee,

J. H. Morley,

J. F. Walsh,

P. J. Brady,

J. L. Rice,

T. M. Kennedy,

J. D. Connelly,

J. M. Nowak,

John Vanek,

F. B. Skeels,

John Walker,

John B. Lang,

John R. Ouinn,

Peter Forsythe,

J. F. Kilby,

368

HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

J. K. Mealier,
William Manning,

0. P. Mcllrath,
Frank B. Many,
Z. M. Hnbbell,
F. C. Friend,
Frank Harris,
Henry Lewis,
Jacob Striebinger,
M. Bnchmann,
George W. Common,
William A. McKinstry,
D. H. Kimberley,
Peter Daly,

J. M. Booth,
Charles E. Wyman,
William H. Gabriel,
James Walker,
Joseph Colwell,
T. S. Knight,
P. B. Smith,
George E. Hartnell,
L. C. Heckman,
Owen Kane,
A. K. Barstow,
Herman Weber,

1. T. Bowman,
Charles Sheffield,
L. A. Bailey,
James Caldwell,
Harvey Brown,
S. E. Brooks,
Harry C. Bunts,
J. H. Mellen,

D. J. Callaghan,
John E. Crew,

Thomas Guiton,
L. M. Coe,
John Colahan,
James Corrigan,
L. Dautel,
J. F. Ryder,
Amos Denison, Esq.,
N. Weidenkopf,
W. M. Pattison,
James Collins,
M. A. Bradley,
J. H. Schneider,
H. S. Blossom,
H. T. Eubanks,
R. E. Burdick,
J. P. Shengle,

F. Buettner,
M. J. Caton,
E. H. Bourne,
L. Prentiss,
E. Decker,

J. H. Ryder,
Henry Dreher,

G. E. Herrick,
J. L. Athey,
Charles A. Dolan,
Al. Baehr,

E. S. Grauel,
William Downie,
Thomas Boutall,
J. W. Roof,
C. W. Bingham,
A. B. Foster,
Ben. Killam,
Charles A. Willard,
S. H. Benedict,

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 369

N. P. McKean, W. B. Neff,

M. Halle, A. T. Osborn,

J. E. Benson, G. E. Benedict,

F. H. Biermann, M. S. Hogan,

John Brown, Ira Reynolds,

R. T. Holden, O. G. Kent.

COMMITTEE ON FINANCE.

L. E. Holden, Chairman.

Col. Arthur McAllister, Vice-Chairman.

J. B. Savage, Vice- Chairman.

C. H. Beardslee, Secretary.

E. W. Moore, Treasurer.
James Parmelee, Gen. James Barnett,

Kaufman Hays, John Tod,

Wilson M. Day, Myron T. Herrick.

M. A. Hanna,

COMMITTEE ON MILITARY.

General James Barnett, Chairman.

Captain J. M. Carrington, Secretary.
General M. D. Leggett, Col. W. H. Hayward,
Colonel G. A. Garretson, Captain M. B. Gary,
Colonel J. A. Smith, Colonel J. J. Smith,

Colonel L. Smithnight, Colonel James Pickands,
Colonel J. N. Frazee, Colonel A. McAllister,

Capt. F.A.Kendall, U.S.A. Capt. J. H. Munson, U.S.A.

COMMITTEE ON VETERAN SOLDIERS AND SAILORS.

Sergeant James Hayr, Chairman.
Captain George A. McKay and Lieutenant Charles A.
Willard, Secretaries.
General James Barnett, Major William J. Gleason,
Colonel C. C. Dewstoe, William Southwell,
Captain J. B. Molyneaux, T. W. Brainard,
Dr. R. W. Walters, A. L. Knauff,

O. P. Latimer, J. L. Smith,

370 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

Wilbur Sloat, Colonel E. W. Force,

W. D. Pudney, General J. J. El well,

Captain Levi F. Bauder, General M. D. Leggett,
Captain E. H. Bohm, R. Horton,

Captain Levi T. Scofield, Alexander Stewart.
First Ohio Infantry, W. C. Cowin and J. N. Frazee.
Seventh, Charles Preble and L. R. Davis.
Eighth, J. K. O'Reilly and R. O'Rourke.
Eleventh, J. P. Dawley.
Twelfth, W. A. Ludlum.

Fourteenth, John Teel and Henry G. Bigelow.
Fifteenth, Major A. M. Burns.
Nineteenth, H. W. Kitchen.
Twenty-third, Ed. A. Abbott and Ben. Killam.
Twenty-seventh, Chas. Smith and Matthew Madigan.
Twenty-ninth, Wilbur Sloat and J. H. Se Cheverell.
Thirty-second, Herman Meyer and Rev. Dr. John
Mitchell.

Thirty-fourth, John Miller.
Thirty-sixth, Dr. John Dickenson.
Thirty-seventh, Joseph Kaestle and George Jansen.
Thirty-eighth, C. D. Harrington and M. Ostermeyer.
Forty-first, James McMahon and W. J. Morgan.
Forty-second, B. F. Phinney and E. D. Sawyer.
Forty-third, Major Howe and Thomas Pankhurst.
Fifty-first, David Fish and Dr. Charles Gentsch.
Fifty-fourth, J. D. Willis and J. P. McCarty.
Fifty-eighth, A. J. Symes and WTilliam Schwardt.
Sixtieth, W. J. Farrand and R. D. Mahoney.
Sixty-fifth, E. G. Powell.

Sixty-seventh, George L. Childs and Quincy Miller.
Seventy-sixth, Daniel S. Fisher.
Seventy-eighth, J. A. Mcintosh.
Seventy-ninth, William McKinnan.
Eighty-fifth, William H. Gaylord.
Eighty-seventh, Peter Keary.

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 371

Ninety-first, C. L. Richmond.

One Hundred and Third, General "Jack" Casement.

One Hundred and Fifth, O. P. Latimer.

One Hundred and Seventh, Joseph Rothgery and A.
G. Stohlman.

One Hundred and Fifteenth, D. G. Nesbitt and
John B. Lang.

One Hundred and Twenty-fourth, Colonel James
Pickands and J. M. Bowman.

One Hundred and Twenty-fifth, Thomas Fay and
Morris Griffin.

One Hundred and Twenty-sixth, W. H. Warner.

One Hundred and Twenty-ninth, C. H. Tuttle.

One Hundred and Fiftieth, Major J. D. Palmer and
William Nevins.

One Hundred and Seventy-seventh, Hon. V. A. Tay-
lor and Thomas Gilbert.

One Hundred and Eighty-second, W. A. Heinsohn.

One Hundred and Eighty-eighth, J. C. Palmer.

Second Ohio Cavalry, Henry Gordon and W. R.
Austin.

Third, Frank Reiley and Fred Hoffman.

Sixth, A. WT. Fenton and L. Bonesteel.

Ninth, J. F. Oviatt and C. C. Shankliu.

Tenth, Henry Koehler and Thomas H. Farrell.

Twelfth, J. F. Herrick and B. C. Carpenter.

First Ohio Light Artillery, William H. Hayward.

Battery A, W. F. Goodspeed.

Battery B, N. A. Baldwin and William T. Quilliams.

Battery C, T. S. Knight.

Battery D, C. Linehan and Charles H. Stearns.

Battery E, De Witt Eldred.

Battery G, Joseph Speddy and John Crable.

Battery I, Hugh Buckley and Morris Porter.

Ninth Independent Battery, M. A. Lander.

Fifteenth, Daniel Hogan.

372 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

Nineteenth, J. C. Shields.

Twentieth, William Neracher and Henry Hoehn.

Mexican War Veterans, Hon. O. J. Hodge.

Union Veterans' Union, William T. Clark.

Loyal Legion, Captain F. A. Kendall.

Navy, B. A. Woodard and James Dwyer.

COMMITTEE ON GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC.

G. C. Barnes, Chairman.
John C. Roland, Secretary.

J. C. Shields, C. D. Harrington,

J. S. Hobbs, R. S. Goss,

M. A. Lander, E. L. Patterson,

Chas. W. Sanborn, E. M. Hessler,

W. H. Hayward, E. W. Force,

S. E. Gordon, J. F. Herrick,

J. B. Swartwood, D. A. Kimball,

O. P. Latimer, J. C. Walton,

W. C. Cowin, E. S. Libbey,

C. E. Griswold, O. L. Neff.

SONS OF VETERANS' COMMITTEE.

Captain Henry Frazee, Chairman.

H. C. Mason, F. O. Tuttle,

C. H. A. Palmer, H. C. Lund,

R. S. Smith.

COMMITTEE ON CIVIC SOCIETIES.

Colonel C. C. Dewstoe, Chairman.
Colonel John O. Winship, Secretary.

Colonel John W. Gibbons, Colonel Robert Kegg,
H. P. Mcintosh, Colonel George A. Myers,

Colonel T. W. Minshall, C. J. Manix.
Colonel C. L. Alderson,

MAJOR-GENERAL EMERSON OPDYCKE.

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 375

committee on music.
Professor C. F. Olney, Chairman.
Professor Alfred Arthur, Professor J. T. Wamelinky
Professor N. Coe Stewart, A. D. Coe.
Professor Emil Ring,

COMMITTEE ON PRINTING AND THE PRESS.
Hon. John C. Covert, Chairman.
L. E. Holden, E. W. Osborn,

J. E. Mueller, Carl Claussen,

George A. Robertson, H. A. Griffin.

MERCHANTS AND MANUFACTURERS.

Hon. Luther Allen, Chairman.

SUB-COMMITTEE ON MERCHANTS.

George K. Ross, Chairman.

George W. Williams, Vice-Chairman.

Harry R. Edwards, Secretary.
L. A. Bailey, Lucien B. Hall,

Webb C. Ball, George W. Kinney,

W. H. Beaumont, George T. Mcintosh,

H. B. Burrows, James Moriarty,

George H. Chandler, F. P. Root,

J. D. Connolly, George P. Welch,

George Deming, Howard W. White,

Henry Dreher, Otto Seidel,

J. S. Dickie, John Meckes,

W. F. Dutton, D. E. McLean,

R. H. Fetterman, J. P. Brogan,

W. H. Garlock, C. L. F. Wieber.

SUB-COMMITTEE ON MANUFACTURERS.

W. J. Morgan, Chairman.

X. X. Crum, Vice-Chairman.

F. F. Prentiss, Secretary.
Charles F. Adams, W. A. Babcock,

Harry W. Avery, H. J. Boggis,

376

HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

Sylvanus Bourne,
R. F. Burdick,
W. P. Champney,
L. M. Coe,
Hon. D. A. Dangler,
C. A. Davidson,
Herman Frasch,
William Greif,
S. B. Harrison,
Webb C. Hayes,

Z. M. Hubbell,
H. W. King,
G. C. Kuhlman,
C. E. Lowman,
George W. Lewis,
Charles Bausch,
C. W. Scofield,
Sol. Sloss,
C. S. Van Wagoner,
Robert Wallace.

COMMITTEE ON SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES.

Hon. H. Q. Sargent, Chairman.

Martin House,

C. F. Olney,

N. Coe Stewart,

E. F. Moulton,

S. S. Ford,

William Downie,

M. R. Daykin,

E. L. Harris,

Theodore H. Johnston,

Thomas Boutall,

W. D. Buss,
William Backus, Jr.,
Joseph Krug,
G. L. Hechler,
Dr. C. F. Dutton,
Miss Ellen G. Reveley,
Miss Harriet L. Keeler,
Miss Lemira W. Hughes,
Miss Jennie D. Pullen,
Mrs. Elroy M. iVvery.

COMMITTEE ON TRANSPORTATION.

Hon. William J. Akers, Chairman.
B. W. Jackson, Charles L. Kimball,

H. F. Roesser, Charles Fuller.

COMMITTEE ON DECORATION.

Colonel Louis N. Weber, Chairman.
Colonel Conrad Mizer, Secretary.

W. I. Thompson,
Frank Aborn,
Will. V. W. Wamelink,
C. W. Wason,
David Charlesworth,

F. C. Bate,
E. P. Fenton,
Henry J. Wamelink,
W. H. Beaumont,
A. T. Anderson.

soldiers' and sailors' monument.

377

COMMITTEE ON CARRIAGES.

Hon. J. V. McGorray, Chairman.
Hon. Charles P. Salen, Secretary.

LOYAL WOMEN'S AID SOCIETY COMMITTEE.

Mrs. Lena Springsteen, Chairman.
Mesdames Alice W. Fuller, L. W. Bailey,

Nellie Willard,
Florence H. White,
E. R. Walker,
T. W. Brainard,
M. B. Gary,
W. H. Hay ward,
R. C. White,
P. H. Kaiser,
E. L. Patterson,
W. R. Austin,
H. W. Osborn,
L. Smithnight,
Thomas Rodgers,
Mattie Barrett,
Winnie B. Rogers,.
Dora Brush,
Emma Seymour,
Alice Slack,
Nettie Freeman,
Eva Loomis,
G. C. Barnes,
Mary Erwin,
Mary Werner,
H. Barnes,
Gertrude Cary,
Kate K. Dorner,
M. J. Fisk,
Eunice Brown,
Ellen R. Caulkins,

Lois M. Knauff,
E. Knight,
Mary Gressmuck,
Mary Clifford,
Sarah Mitten,
Carrie McReynolds,
Catherine McQuiston,
Mary Seymour,
Lenora Cunningham,
Mary E. Myers,
Thankful Prestage,
Lois Craft,
Clarissa Hubbard,
Rose Mayo,
Jerusha C. Bicknell,
Amelia Ames,
Emma Smith,
Elizabeth Smith,
John Dickenson,
E. M. Hessler,
Miriam Gillis,
Lucy Killam,
Nettie Molyneaux,
Elizabeth Dunn,
Martha Wherry,
A. E. Brockett,
C. J. Sullivan,
Willard Abbott,
James McMahon,

378

HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

W. R. Creighton,

C. C. Dewstoe,
W. J. Gleason,
James Barnett,
Martha L. Hayr,
Levi F. Bauder,
Levi T. Scofield,
M. D. Leggett,
J. O. Winship,
J. W. Gibbons,
N. Coe Stewart,

D. H. Kimberley,
L. W. Day,
Louise M. Roland,
G. E. Frazer,
Susie Worcester,
J. C. Covert,

J. G. W. Cowles,
L. S. Fish,
J. M. Gasser,
Byron Pope,
Hannah Shepherd,
Sarah A. Lane,
Florence Armstrong,
Ida Williams,
M. J. Sloat,
Sue Shengle,
W. F. Walworth,
Mary F. Claflin,
C. F. Olney,
E. L. Harris,
A. C. Hyer,
G. Peterson.

DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION.

Mrs. Elroy M. Avery, Chairman.

Mrs. B. D. Babcock, Mrs. M. D. Williams,

Mrs. A. T. Perry, Mrs. T. D. Crocker,

Mrs. Homer W. Osborn, Mrs. Cyrus Merrill.

SONS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION COMMITTEE.

Hon. Elroy M. Avery, Chairman.

L. E. Holden,
General James Barnett,
Professor C. F. Olney,
J. M. Richardson,
H. H. Ward,
H. A. Kelley,

James H. Hoyt,

R. C. Parsons,

N. P. Bowler,

Pres. Charles F. Thwing,

President Cady Staley,

E. H. Baker. '

NAVAL DISPLAY COMMITTEE.

Commodore Percv W. Rice, Chairman.

soldiers' and sailors' monument.

379

SALUTES AND FIREWORKS.

Colonel A. T. Van Tassel, Chairman.
Capt. J. F. McCauley, Secretary.

A. A. Dittrich,
A. B. Honeeker,
Charles P. Salen,
J. S. Dickie,
Albert Johnson,
Ed. Benham.
H. H. Burgess,
C. A. Selden,

COMMITTEE ON THE EARLY SETTLERS' ASSOCIATION.
Hon. A. J. Williams, Chairman.
H. C. Hawkins, Secretarv.

George G. Mnlhern,
Daniel R. Hanna,
L. Smithnight,
Jacob Waldeck,
Ralph Williams,
E. S. Wright,
E. W. Bowers.

H. M. Addison,
Solon Bnrgess,
Darins Adams,
Judge Frank H. Kelly.

Hon. R. C. Parsons,
Geo. F. Marshall,
R. T. Lyon,
Bolivar Butts,
Wilson S. Dodge,

MUNICIPAL COMMITTEE.

C. A. Davidson, Chairman.
Director J. H. Farley, Director M.J. Herbert,

Dan. O. Caswell,
Supt. Henry Hoehn,
John Willi elm,
P. J. McKenney,
W. I. Thompson,
F. Hesoun, Jr.,

Director H. H. Hyman,

Dan P. Reynolds, Esq.,

H. H. Burgess,

Chief James Dickinson,

B. Wr. Jackson,

R. E. McKisson, Esq.,

Director W. J. McKinnie, J. V. McGorray.

Director W. A. Madison,

COMMITTEE ON POLICE.

Hon. M. J. Herbert, Chairman.

Supt. Henry Hoehn, Captain Michael English,

Captain James McMahon, Captain E. K. Hutchinson,

Captain M. F. Madigan, Captain A. S. Gates.

380 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

The committees thus fully organized proceeded with
their work with a vim and vigor that was bound to be
successful.

The question of Orator of the Day was raised. It was-
thought advisable to select one as early as possible.
General J. J. El well moved that ex-Governor Joseph

B. Foraker be the Orator. It was so decided unani-
mously.

As President of the Monument Commission, it was
Major Gleason's privilege and honor to preside at the
dedication, if he so wished. In order, however, that
National significance might be given that great event,,
he named Governor William McKinley as President of
the Day. His voluntary act was enthusiastically re-
ceived.

At the meeting held May 12, this action was taken :

" Hon A. J. Williams submitted the following state-
ment and resolutions which, on motion of General J. J.
Elwell, were unanimously adopted :

"First to challenge the attention of the visitor as he enters the
imposing Monument erected to the memory of Cuyahoga's volun-
teers in the late War is the bronze representation of a group of
women. ' Who are they ? ' he inquires. The answer comes : ' They
are the noble patriotic ladies who were most prominent in woman's
great work in contributing to the cheer and comfort of the heroes
whose names adorn these walls.' Of that group but three survive,
and as they who know them look upon that picture they at once
exclaim : ' There is Mrs. Josiah A. Harris, now the venerable and
honored Vice President of the Early Settlers' Association ; and
there is Mrs. Peter Thatcher, both living in Cleveland ; and there
is Miss Ellen F. Terry, now Mrs. C. F. Johnson, at present a resi-
dent of Hartford, Conn.'

" How fitting and proper it is that these only living members of
that group should be accorded deserved prominence at the dedica-
tion of the Monument ; therefore it is

" Resolved, That Mrs. J. A. Harris, Mrs. Peter Thatcher, and Mrs.

C. F. Johnson be most cordially requested to be present at the cere-
monies of the dedication, and that the Committee on Reception be
instructed to provide them with proper accommodations.

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 381

" Resolved, That the Committee on Invitations be instructed to
forward a copy of the foregoing to each of the persons named."

A letter which was addressed to L. H. Williams,
Department Commander, and the delegates to the
Twenty-eighth Annual Encampment of the Department
of Ohio, Grand Army of the Republic, requested their
presence at the dedication of the Soldiers' Monument.
The committee approved the letter and ordered that it
be forwarded to the Encampment.

Mr. Luther Allen, President of the Chamber of Com-
merce, made an announcement which was received by
the committee with regret. Mr. Allen was appointed
as the Chairman of the Committee on Merchants and
Manufacturers, and he said that on account of his
numerous business engagements it would be impossible
for him to give the subject the attention which it would
require, and for this reason he desired to tender his
resignation. Major Gleason said he hoped Mr. Allen
would reconsider his determination, as he was eminently
fitted for the head of the committee for which he had
been chosen. He said the merchants and manufactur-
ers' division could be made a great feature of the
parade. Mr. Allen said he fully appreciated the im-
portance of the subject, and finally said he would remain
as chairman of the committee for another week at
least, and in the meantime would appoint the remaining
members.

Of the meeting held May 19th, the Leader said :

" There is no longer any doubt that the Fourth of
July celebration in connection with the dedication of
the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument will be the grand-
est of the kind ever witnessed in Cleveland. Almost
all the committees are actively at work, and they are
assured of success. A meeting of the General Commit-
tee in charge of the demonstration met in the rooms of
the Board of Control, yesterday, and there was quite a
large attendance.

382 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

" Mr. Luther Allen, Chairman of the Committee on
Merchants and Manufacturers, made an encouraging
report. He said that he had been somewhat handi-
capped in his work for the reason that many of the men
whom he wanted to see and interest in the work were
out of the city. He said that his idea was to divide
his committee into two subcommittees, one to be
known as the Merchants' Committee, and the other the
Manufacturers' Committee. The field he said was too
large for one committee, and much better results could
be obtained by the division. He intended to appoint a
chairman and a vice chairman for each committee.
Mr. Allen said that he had already secured the consent
of one gentleman to act as the Chairman of the Subcom-
mittee on Merchants, and a gentleman who had been
selected as the Chairman on Manufacturers had prom-
ised to give his decision on Monday. He said that he
would be able to announce his committees, and make
a full report to the meeting of the General Committee
on next Saturday afternoon. The General Committee
was much encouraged by Mr. Allen's report.

" Professor Olney suggested, and the other members of
the committee agreed with him, that a pleasant feature
of the day would be to have the chorus which will sing
on Memorial Day render patriotic airs during the time
of the dedication of the Monument. The feasibility of
building a platform in the Public Square for this pur-
pose was discussed. It was the general opinion that
the children should have some part in the exercises ot
the day on account of the lesson of patriotism which
it will teach.

" Captain James Hayr, the Chairman of the Commit-
tee on Old Soldiers who are not attached to any Soldiers'
organization, announced that he was meeting with
much better success than he hoped for. He said that
he was in correspondence with Comrades in many

;f^\

B^ £\ -^^v

BRIGADIER -GENERAL J. S. CASEMENT.

vRYl

.soldiers' and sailors' monument. 385

States, and he hoped to have every unattached Soldier
now living whose name is in the Soldiers' Monument
in the parade. He has already heard from fifty-seven
regimental associations, and every one of them will be
headed by their battle flag. The custodian of the flag
room in the State Capitol at Columbus will bring all
the old battle flags to the city for the occasion, and will
be responsible for their safe return. This report was
received with much favor, as the carrying of the blood-
stained battle flags will be a prominent feature of the
parade.'1

Considerable headway had been made by the several
committees previous to the meeting held June 2d, of
which the Leader spoke :

" The General Committee having charge of the ar-
rangements for the Fourth of July demonstration was
well represented at the meeting held in the rooms of
the Board of Control, in the City Hall, yesterday after-
noon. The meeting was the most business-like and
interesting of any yet held by the committee. The
program is well under way, and if the people of
Cleveland are as generous as they haye been in times
past on occasions of the kind, the demonstration on the
Fourth will be the grandest ever witnessed in the State.
When the meeting had been called to order, and the
routine business transacted, reports from the various
subcommittees were called for. The first to respond
was General J. J. Elwell, of the Committee on Invita-
tions. He said that the committee had held a meeting
with a full attendance before the General Committee
had convened. It was resolved that the chairman of
the committee should invite the following distinguished
persons to attend the celebration : President Grover
Cleveland and Cabinet, Vice President Adlai E. Stev-
enson, Major General John M. Schofield, General O. O.
Howard, General Nelson A. Miles, General Nathan A.

386 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

Kimball, General Dan E. Sickles, General Lew Wallace,
ex-President Harrison, Hon. James E. Campbell, Gen-
eral A. V. Rice, General W. H. Gibson, Major E. M.
Hayes, General Aqnilla Wiley, Hon. A. B. Kennedy,
Hon. E. P. Scammon, Hon. J. D. Cox, Hon. J. C.
Cowan, the Garfield family, Speaker Charles E. Crisp,
Hon. Franklin J. Dickman, Hon. A. G. Riddle, Hon.
S. O. Griswold, Hon. John Sherman, Hon. Calvin P.
Brice, Hon. Allen G. Thurman, Hon. George E.
Hoadley, General Thomas Ewing, Hon. Whitelaw Reid,
Colonel John A. Cockerell, General I. H. Sherwood,
Colonel William Perry Fogg, Hon. Joseph R. Hawley,
General Russell A. Alger, General W. H. Powell, trie
Judges of the Supreme Court of Ohio, the surviving
members of the Northern Ohio Sanitary Commission,
and the members of the Ohio Senate and House of
Representatives.

" Major W. J. Gleason reported for the Committee on
Program. He said that his committee had mapped
out a partial program, but many details remained to
be completed. He said that the committee would be
able to present a magnificent program.

"The military part of the program was answered
for by General James Barnett. He said that he had
assurances that all the military companies in the city
and county would be in line in the procession.

"The next committee to report was the Committee on
Grand Army of the Republic, for which Captain G. C.
Barnes responded. He said that a letter had been pre-
pared, and it would be sent to all the Grand Army posts
in Cuyahoga and adjoining counties, requesting them
to participate in the parade. Captain Barnes said that
if satisfactory railway rates could be obtained he was
sure that there would be a large attendance of Grand
Army men from outside the city.

" For the Sons of Veterans, Captain Henry Frazee

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 387

said that he had sent letters of invitation to all the
camps in the county, and he was satisfied that there
would be a large attendance.

" Colonel C. C. Dewstoe responded for the Civic
Societies. He said that his committee was making
good progress. He said that he had a list of all the
uniformed societies in the city, and they were all anx-
ious to turn out and make a creditable division of the
parade. The committee was given power to invite all
the civic societies in the city to participate in the parade.

" Mr. W. J. Akers reported that the Committee on
Transportation had met with the various passenger
agents of the city, and they had agreed to recommend
to the traffic association that tickets be sold from all
points in Ohio, and also from Detroit and Buffalo, at
one fare for the round trip, and that tickets be good
from July 2 to July 7, inclusive.

" A report from the Committee on Music was made
by Professor Charles F. Olney. He stated that it would
be difficult to determine what the Committee on Music
would do until it was known whether a platform would
be erected, and how large it would be. ' If a platform
is erected,' he said, ' which will hold 4,000 people, we
can have a large chorus of school children, which would
be a pleasing feature. If we know definitely about the
platform, we can proceed understandingly.'

" 1 1 hope that enough interest will be aroused to erect
a platform,' said Mr. W. J. Akers. 'We should get the
school children out and instill patriotism into them.
This is a celebration in which they should participate,
and I want to hear them sing. '

" ' We want the children,' said General Elwell. ' It
will be an object lesson for the rising generation, even
if it is not for us old fellows. I want this committee to
tell Professor Olney to go ahead and prepare for a
chorus of school children.'

388 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

ijor Gleason offered a resolution, which was
adopted, providing that Professor Olney should call on
Director Sargent and request him to co-operate in the
movement to secure a chorus of school children to sing
during the dedication of the Monument.

" Captain James Hayr reported for the Committee on
Unattached Soldiers. He said that he already had as-
surances that sixty-two commands would be in line
with their old battle flags. He expected to have fully
one hundred different commands represented in the
parade. He would also have a number of Marines in
his division, and it was possible that they would have
a float representing the Monitor.

" Mr. L. N. Weber reported for the Committee on
Decorations. He said that his committee had held
several meetings and had discussed various plans for
decorating the down town portions of the city. ' We
would like,' he said, ' to build an elaborate arch, and
to decorate the Public Square profusely with flags,
bunting, and mottoes. Evening decorations have also
been discussed by the committee. It has been sug-
gested that we have Chinese lanterns hung about the
Square, and that red, white and blue electric lights be
suspended from the wires over the streets.'

" Mr. McGorray suggested that the committees had
progressed very satisfactorily, and that the time had
arrived when the Grand Marshal of the day should be
chosen. Professor Olney moved that the selection of the
Marshal be left to General Barnett, General Elwell, and
Major Gleason, and Mr. McGorray favored that mode
of procedure. Major Gleason offered as an amendment
that General James Barnett be unanimously chosen
as the Grand Marshal of the day. General Barnett
attempted to utter a protest, but his voice was
drowned in the applause which followed Major Gleason's
amendment. Colonel Dewstoe said that he had rode

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 389

with General Barnett when he had said that it was
positively his last appearance and he wanted to do so
again. General Barnett was then declared the Marshal
of the day, but he said that he would have to positively
decline.

" Major Gleason then eulogized the General. He
said that he had commanded the largest parades ever
held in Cleveland and that he wanted to see him in the
front again. ' General Barnett led the first troops from
Ohio into the enemy's country,' said Captain Hayr,
'and he ought to lead us in our final triumph — the
dedication of our Monument.'

" ' I regret,' said General Barnett, ' that I was the
marshal of the parades at the funerals of two Presidents
in this city. I was in charge of the parade when Gar-
field was buried, and later had the honor to be Chief
Marshal on the occasion of the dedication of Garfield's
Memorial, and I expected and desired that it would be
the last one which I should ever head. I am now at
the time of life when the younger men should take
charge. I understand your kindness, and appreciate
the honor, but you must excuse me.'

" It was finally decided to lay the choosing of a
marshal over to the next meeting."

At the next meeting, held on June 16th, General
Barnett respectfully urged that he be excused, his dec-
lination being received with regret.

General M. D. Leggett was thereupon unanimously
selected as Grand Marshal, and given power to appoint
bis assistants.

General James Barnett presided at the meeting in
the absence of Mayor Blee, and called for reports
from committees. A report for the Committee 011 Pro-
gram was made by Major W. J. Gleason. He said
that the committee suggested a salute at sunrise, a
yacht race on the lake at 9 o'clock, and the dedicatory

390 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

exercises at the Monument to be commenced at 10
o'clock sharp. The procession he thought should form
at 1:30 o'clock, and move at 2 o'clock. There will be
a salute at sunset, and the streets down town will be
illuminated after dark, as will also the yachts on the
lake front. Major Gleason said it was the desire of the
committee that there would be a general decoration of
the dwellings and business houses of the city with flags
and tricolored bunting.

Mrs. Lena Springsteen, representing the Loyal Wom-
en's Aid Committee, said that her committee had held
a meeting and decided that they wished to do some-
thing to add to the celebration. Mrs. Springsteen said
the ladies had decided to furnish two large baskets ot
flowers for the speakers' stand, and each Relief Corps
will furnish five hundred or more button-hole bouquets
for the old Soldiers. When Mrs. Springsteen announced
that this would be clone without calling on the General
Committee for money, she was applauded.

The following letter, received by General J. J.
Elwell, the Chairman of the Committee on Invitation,
from Mr. James F. Rhodes, the historian, who formerly
lived in this city, but who is now located at Cambridge,
Mass., was read at the meeting :

Regretting that it will be impossible for me to be present at
the dedication of your fine Monument, I feel highly gratified at the
receipt of your invitation ; for although I have left Cleveland in
order to have better facilities for the prosecution of my historical
work, my fondest associations cluster around my native city. What
pregnant and glorious memories are called up by the dedication of
your tribute to the patriotism of the Soldiers and Sailors of the Civil
War, on the Fourth of July ! For you bring to mind the greatness
of the men who declared and achieved our independence and ihe
wisdom of those who framed the Constitution, whose work, after
fully recognizing the valuable lessons and experience they had de-
rived from England, still remains a wonder to students of political
science; and you revive still more vividly the recollections of those
four years crowned with events which began with the firing on Fort
Sumter. No nation ever had richer memories. Writing the story

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 391

of the Civil War, and living in imagination in 1861 and 1862, I feel
keenly the meed of admiration dne to the volunteers of those }-earsr
who forsook home and comfort and apparent advancement in life
to risk their health and their lives for what they thought, and what
the world now thinks, was a noble course. For the meaning of the
war, and what gives it a place among the historic events of the
ages, is that the Northern people, although not avowedly at first,
grappled with an evil which they must destroy, or it would destroy
the republic. A brilliant English writer has fitly called it the War
of Liberation. And it would seem as if posterity could not know it
by a better name, for what a liberation it was, not only of the
blacks, but of the white men of both the South and the North, from
association with an evil condemned by the rest of the enlightened
world. Lincoln's leadership in the movement against slavery will
eventually make him the hero of the whole country, as is Washing-
ton now ; and it has already given him a place among the great
benefactors of the world. With the blue and the gray mingling in
fraternal union on the noted battle fields of the War, with the recol-
lection of Joseph E. Johnson as a pall-bearer at both Grant's and
Sherman's funerals, the dedication of such a monument as yours is
not a revival, but rather a burial of sectional discord and hate. For
while the judgment of history will undoubtedly be that the men of
the South were mistaken, the muse will not fail to express her ad-
miration for their manly virtues of heroism and self-sacrifice which
the Soldiers of the North, who met them in bloody contest, have
always been ready to recognize.

At the meeting held on June 28th, the chairman re-
ported the program, which was adopted, and eventu-
ally carried out, as follows:

The day will be ushered in by the booming of cannon, ringing of
all the church and fire bells in the city, blowing of steam whistles
and a general hurrah.

At Sunrise, a Federal Salute will be fired in the East End.
A Prize Yacht Race will be held on Lake Erie, off Lakeview Park,
the boats starting at 9 o'clock.

The Dedicatory Exercises will be opened in the amphitheater on
the Public Square, commencing at 9 o'clock, by a Grand Concert
given by the Great Western Band, under the direction of Prof. F. H.
Hruby, as follows :

1. Ohio Festival March, composed for the occasion and dedi-

cated to the City of Cleveland by Anthony Machan.

2. March Cleveland Grays, F. H. Hruby.

3. Overture — Tancredi, Rossini.

392 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

4. Grand March— From Taunhauser, R. Wagner.

5. Waltz — Heart and Hand, Faust.

6. American Overture, R. X. Cat/in.

Prayer— Rev. John Mitchell, D. D.
Song — Columbia, Columbia — Words by Mrs. N. Coe Stewart; music

by N. Coe Stewart, School Children's Chorus.

Introductory Address, Gov.Wm. McKinley, President of the Day.
Music — American Flag Song — Znndel, School Children's Chorus.
Reading of the Declaration of Independence,

Virgil P. Kline, Esq.
Song — The Red, White and Blue, . . School Children's Chorus.
Oration — The Soldiers' Monument and the Lessons of Patriotism

it Teaches, Hon. Joseph B. Foraker.

Song— The Star Spangled Banner . . School Children's Chorus.
Reading of an Original Poem, . - Rev. Dr. Levi Gilbert.

Song— America School Children's Chorus.

Benediction— Monsignor T. P. Thorpe.
National Salute of Forty-four Guns on Armory Grounds, cor.

Bond and Lake Streets, at mid-day.
Forming of Procession — Under direction of Grand Marshal Gen.

M. D. LEGGETT, at 1:30 P. M. Procession moves promptly at

2:00 P. M.
Naval Salute at sunset on the West Side, foot of Duane Street.
Grand Illumination of ships and yachts in Lake Erie, off Lake

View Park, at sunset.
After Sunset, a brilliant display of electricity, and various colored

lights on the Public Square and all the down-town districts,

commencing at S:oo P. M.
Grand Concert, commencing at 8:00 P. M., in the amphitheater,

Public Square.
The City will be gorgeously decorated and lighted up until mid-
night.

MAJOR-GENERAL ALEX. McDOWELL McCOOK.

XXIV.

ALL ARRANGEMENTS COMPLETE FOR THE DEDICATION.

EVERYTHING is ready for the long-looked-for
event. The preparations are complete, the slight-
est detail not being neglected.

Independence Day has arrived. First ot all, and
above and superior to all, the Kind Ruler of the Uni-
verse has smiled upon and blessed the work of His
people. Our Heavenly Father has given us a day made
to order ; the Monument Commission, the active mem-
bers of the various committees, the distinguished speak-
ers, the patriotic school children, the hundreds of thou-
sands of people will do the rest. The newspapers,
without exception, have nobly done their part to bring
about a triumphant success. The issues of each and
all of them on the morning of Independence Day were
an agreeable surprise. Never before did Cleveland wit-
ness such commendable enterprise among its journals.
No labor or expense was spared in their make-up. The
typographical appearance, the presswork, the elegant
style of the engravings, the graphic scenes and events
in connection with the erection of the Memorial, and its
finished appearance, together with the portraits printed,
were truly worthy of the best metropolitan journals in
the country.

The shrewd and able chief editors, the brainy and
skillful city editors, the intelligent, industrious, omni-
present reporters, all vied with each other in making
their journals eminently worthy of the glorious event
celebrated. Their laudable efforts proved an unquali-
fied success. The souvenir editions of the Plain Dealer

396 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

and Leader were especially marvels of the art preserva-
tive, a positive delight, a revelation to Cleveland jour-
nalism.

The work of the historian in connection with the ded-
icatory exercises is made comparatively light, owing to
the complete and enterprising manner in which all
details were covered by the hustling reporters of the
newspapers named. In the matter following we are
largely indebted to the valuable research of the report-
ers of the Leader and Plain Dealer, who skillfully sought
out every conceivable point in connection with the
dedication : the historical reminiscences, the well writ-
ten biographies, the glowing descriptions, the beautiful
word-paintings and the many striking features and
notable incidents that, all combined, show the demon-
stration to have been the grandest and most memorable
one in the history of our lovely city.

All the newspapers availed themselves of the privi-
lege of publishing copious extracts from the advance
sheets of the History of the Memorial, gladly furnished
by the author.

The day and the occasion were spoken of by the tal-
ented editor of the Leader in the following stirring
style :

" No day in Cleveland's history is more glorious than
this. The splendid Monument which has been erected
by Cuyahoga County upon the Public Square in honor
of her Soldiers and her Sailors will be dedicated with
imposing ceremonies. No more fitting day could be
chosen — the Fourth of July — the birthday of that Union
for whose integrity nearly 10,000 of her sons went forth
to battle. It will be an occasion of patriotism such as
Cleveland has never known. Multitudes will turn from
the pursuits in which they are engrossed, will gather
from near and from far, to give a day to the past and to
the future ; to feel more deeply than before how blessed

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 397

is the heritage of free government and how great was
the price which was paid for it ; and to hear more
clearly than before the voice of their responsibility call-
ing them to be equal to every troublous hour which
shall press upon it. No bride will be lovelier in her
wedding garments than Cleveland in her dress of ban-
ners. Thousands of children will lift their glad voices
in the hymns of the Republic. Gray-haired veterans
will once more stand shoulder to shoulder as they stood
when they faced the storm of battle. Dignitaries of the
State and the Nation will grace the occasion with their
presence. Yachts will test the speed of their white
wings on the blue waters of the lake. A great proces-
sion will wind its splendid length along the principal
thoroughfares ; and, when night shall fall, patriotism
will write its enthusiasm upon the darkness in letters
of fire.

" The Monument to be dedicated is one of the grand-
est which remembrance ever reared to valor. All things
considered, it has no counterpart upon the continent.
As a work of art, in originality of conception and beauty
of execution, no city on earth has a fairer ornament.
It unites what is best in various forms of architecture,
crowning the union with the magnetism of its own in-
dividuality. But it is not what things are in them-
selves, but what they signify, which makes them truly
glorious. It is not the sculptor's work, but what the
sculptor's work suggests, which stirs the heart and dis-
tills the unbidden tear. It is what the eye cannot see
which enriches and illumines what it can see. It is not
the Monument, but the meaning of the Monument —
that which it embodies — which makes of it a public
blessing, the measure of which cannot be taken, and
stamps those whose energy and genius brought it to
pass as benefactors of their kind. By virtue of this
meaning, it shall stand as a perpetual exhortation to

398 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

love of country. Louder than the bustle of the mate-
rial activities which encompass it shall be heard the
truth which it speaks. In the very midst of the strife
for self it shall teach the lesson of unselfishness. In
the fruitful soil of countless hearts it shall sow the seeds
of new sacrifices ; and in the day of peril the Union
shall find no children more devoted than in the sylvan
city of the inland sea."

The gifted editor of the Plain Dealer graced his col-
umns with this handsome compliment:

" On this the natal day of the Nation, the Plain
Dealer- presents to its readers a souvenir edition com-
memorative of the dedication of the Soldiers' and Sail-
ors' Monument. The souvenir is presented because it
is timely and because the Plain Dealer feels that its
readers should have the best of everything. The issue
contains a full description of the Soldiers' and Sailors'
Monument from its inception to its completion, together
with a recital of the stirring scenes which occurred in
Cleveland at the outbreak of the War and the noble
work of the women of the city upon the Sanitary Com-
mission. Not only did the men dedicate their lives, but
the women of the city as well sacrificed much that the
Union might live. No tribute, however great, can suf-
ficiently commemorate the labor they performed.

" Infinite pains have been taken to make the history
and description of the Monument as thorough as possi-
ble. The account is not merely historic ; it is an enter-
taining romance as well, for the scenes surrounding the
placing of the Monument upon the Public Square were
exciting and dramatic in the extreme. The recital em-
braces all. Obstacle after obstacle was encountered
and overcome. The fixedness of purpose and continu-
ity of effort of the Monument Commission, viewed in
the cold light of history, is admirable. The past is
dead ; the Monument is a reality, and thousands upon

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 399

thousands will meet to-day to dedicate the structure
without a tinge of bitterness.

"The greatest care was taken to bring out in the
illustrations in this souvenir edition the infinite deco-
rative detail of the Monument. There is much of curi-
ous interest about the Monument which would never be
seen by a casual observer unless his attention was par-
ticularly directed to it. For instance, the eight em-
blems about the base of the capital figure have been
reproduced. A glance at them will show that they are
beautiful and full of the most delicate relief work. Yet
one needs an opera-glass to thoroughly study them
upon the Monument. In like manner the entire struct-
ure is carefully inlaid with the various accouterments
of war."

We were certain that as time went on, and the com-
pleted work of the Commission could be viewed by the
people from an unprejudiced standpoint, the warm sen-
timents of approval expressed would be universally
held. It is none the less gratifying, however, to pub-
lish the foregoing generous and truly refreshing com-
pliments of the leading molders of public opinion. In
the exuberance of our joy and natural pride we can
afford to draw a veil over the past, only adding that, in
our undertaking, as in all other worthy and successful
projects, hearty commendation is the final reward. The
complete vindication of our work, of our energy and
perseverance, in the face of many trying obstacles, is
highly satisfactory. " Peace hath its victories no less
renowned than war."

The ubiquitous reporter of the Plain Dealer took in
the event and its surrounding scenes in the following
graphic manner :

" To-day is likely to be the greatest day in the his-
tory of the city.

" Never before in its history did the Square appear to

400 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

better advantage than in its holiday garb of yesterday.
Of course, it was not quite up to the high standard of
beauty it will be to-day, but it had attained a sufficient
approach to completeness to attract the admiration of
thousands of people.

" All day long busy hands were engaged in festoon-
ing the various buildings, and one by one each came
out in a new garb as proud looking as a boy with a new
suit of clothes.

" It was as though each building was vieing with its
neighbor to woo public favor, and, as one after another
of the long streams of color shot out from the top of the
tall light mast in the center, they might have been
taken for as many giants attempting a May-pole dance
on a Brobdignagian scale.

" Never was such a rioting of color witnessed in
Cleveland, and when, at 10 o'clock in the morning, the
3,000 school children took their places on the grand
stand in the auditorium corner of the quadrangle, it was
as though some great flower bed had tilted up on edge
for public admiration. Never had the beauty of child-
hood been displayed to better advantage. It was an
exemplification of the beauty of divine example when
the Great Teacher ' took a little child and set it in the
midst of them and said : Of such is the kingdom ot
heaven,' and it is safe to say of all the pageantry to be
exhibited to-day, of all the display of military pomp
and civic greatness, of all the booming of cannon and
shrieking of rockets, no spectacle will prove half so im-
pressive, no sound will have half the melody, as will the
sight and voices of these 'little children' whom the
managers of to-day's celebration have wisely ' set in the
midst of the people.

" But as to the decorations. Beginning at the county
buildings, the outburst of color was harmonious and im-
pressive throughout. The old Court House was arrayed

MAJOR-GENERAL W. B. HAZEX.

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 403

as it never had been in its history. There were festoons
of flags, broad bands of red, white and blue bunting,
with an immense portrait of General Grant, and shields
containing American eagles and the head of the God-
dess of Liberty.

"The Wick building, adjoining, was equally prolific
in decorations, while the tall, castlelike home of the
Society for Savings, from the flag-staff above to the en-
trance ways on the sidewalk, was brilliant with every
color of the rainbow. Festoons of American flags,
streamers and rosettes graced every open space and
made a veritable kaleidoscope of color on every hand.

"The modern Cuyahoga building lent itself readily
to the decorative art, and most tastefully had that art
been employed. From every window floated the Na-
tional emblem, while broad ribbons of red, white and
blue floated from cornice to basement, completely ob-
scuring- everv- foot of the original material.

" Over on Euclid Avenue, William Taylor, Son & Co.,
Crow & Whitmarsh, Fetterman, and other business
houses were tastefully adorned with American flags,
while the motto ' Greater Cleveland ' stood out in
bold relief over Taylor's entrance.

"The Forest City House, the Odd Fellows' building,
in the southwest portion of the Square, were all blazing
with color, while the northwest side, from Richards,
McKean & Co.'s to the Superior Street corner, was a
perfect mass of flags.

" Beautiful as these buildings were, they were after
all only the frame work for the charming picture formed
by the Square itself. Like an emerald set in rubies
the four great quarters of the Park glittered in the July
sunlight and shone forth under the many-colored elec-
tric lights at night. The tall Monument, with its quad-
rilateral set of stories, the gayly decked stands, the
rippliug fountains, the overhanging bower of fluttering

404 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

flags and rows of overhanging lanterns made it a verita-
ble fairy land of beauty. All day large crowds of peo-
ple loitered about it as if loath to leave a spot where for
once at least they could forget their troubles and feast
their eyes on something of the brightness and beauty of
the world about them.

" The Fourth came in at midnight with a fanfaronade
of firecrackers, torpedoes and other explosives that
seemed to echo everything from Bunker Hill to Vicks-
burg, and must have made the life-like figures about the
big Monument in the Square almost ache to join in the
hubbub that their mute muskets could commemorate
but in which they could not participate.

"It was Bunker Hill and Vicksburg over again, sure
enough, and if the engagement began with a few desul-
tory discharges of make-believe firearms it was only the
preliminary skirmish for the real rattle and roar of artil-
lery that announced the breaking of day. Then, with
an explosion that must have warmed the hearts of
every veteran in the county, one piece after another
rolled out its deep-toned note of jubilee for a Nation
' conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition
that all men are born free and equal.' "

The Leader said of the appearance of the city :

" Flags were never so abundant, and the city never
looked so glorious as in the festal attire donned for the
celebration to-day. The scene on every business street
was a patriotic inspiration. American freedom, and the
victory which crowned the Union arms, are the causes
of the celebration, and the spirit of national pride is
manifested in the decorations. Small flags by the thou-
sand flutter overhead and on every side. They adorn
the stays of the trolley wires, and appear in the win-
dows of every block, from the storeroom on the ground
floor to the highest peak of the cornice or the lofty pin-
nacle of the tower. The Public Square never looked

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 405

halt so pretty, and advantage has been taken of oppor-
tunities for decoration which most people never dreamed
of. Streamers of small flags extend from the sides of
the Square to the top of the high electric light in the
center of the Square. Across the street the big city flag
floats from a staff over one hundred feet high. The
Square is walled with decorations. All the buildings
are elaborately adorned with the national colors. The
amphitheater, capable of seating 4,000 persons, is bor-
dered with bright-colored bunting. In front of it is the
speakers' stand, having a canopy of the stars and
stripes. Avenues of flags on the wires of the street
railway companies lead under the festoons extending to
the top of the mast, and lines of Chinese lanterns are
strung among the trees. On every side the eye is
greeted with the colors loyal men like to see.

" This evening, the electric illumination will give a
beautiful effect. Arc lights with colored globes will
appear among the trees, and there will be hundreds of
tiny lanterns such as served to convert the Wooded Isle
into a fairyland at the World's Fair. The mellow glow
of the Chinese lanterns will be seen through tissue
paper of many colors. Merchants have vied with each
other in the decorations of their places of business.
Artistic displays in the show windows supplement the
gorgeous flags and buntings on the outer walls. ' Old
Glory ' will wave to-day over every big building in the
city, and will be notice to ail that Cleveland is cele-
brating the Fourth."

The bright Leader reporter gave the following pen
picture of the Memorial :

" Situated on what is probably the most commanding
spot in the city, in an open space traversed every day
by thousands of people, surrounded by public buildings
and great business blocks from whose offices a fine view
of the structure can be obtained, the Soldiers' and

406 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

Sailors' Monument demands and receives much atten-
tion. From the colossal pile at the base, with its wide
esplanade and great bronze groups, to the towering
shaft, whose top, surmounted with a heroic figure
representing Liberty, overlooks all the other structures
in the vicinity, the Monument is full of interest. Un-
like other works intended to commemorate great things,
this one does not follow what are called classic or con-
ventional forms, but has an originality and personality
all its own. Instead of the usual abstract decorations
and ornaments, the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument is
made up entirely of emblematic designs, all relating to
military and naval service of the United States and all
intended to commemorate the titanic struggle of the
Civil War. The whole of the great structure is covered
with emblematic designs, and there is no part of the
Monument but has features in its decoration that recall
the War. The design, as a whole, is essentially military.
The main features proclaim this without a second
glance, but a closer inspection brings unending dis-
coveries in this line in detail of adornment upon each
other at every point. Here are miniature cannons.
Here a rammer, or a gun wheel. There a piece of rope
shows itself by the side of an anchor or a capstan. A
saber, a pistol, a musket, or another portion of the
equipment of a soldier is seen here and there and all
about. Even at the extreme top of the tall shaft, where
the large statue of Liberty stands overlooking the Square,
the base of the pedestal represents warlike objects.
The beautiful stained-glass windows, through which
the bright sunlight streams into the interior of the
tablet room and illuminates the bronzes and marble
tablets there, were made to carry out the central idea.
There the stars and stripes in all the glory of translucent
colors, brilliant, yet soft and pleasing to the eye, are
shown in company with cannon and knapsacks and

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 407

projectiles. The great bronze doors, which turn noise-
lessly on pivots let into the solid walls of the structure,
are set in relief with Army and Navy designs. And,
finally, the lawn surrounding the whole has its beds of
bright flowers, each one a representation of a badge
designating one of the great corps into which the Union
Army was divided. From the Union flag that drapes
the bronze Liberty on the top of the shaft to the cover-
ing of Nature on the earth below, everything is military,
and all tends to direct the mind to the gallant men who
fought for the Union.

" The feature of the Monument which at once im-
presses itself the strongest upon the beholder is its re-
alism. In the bronze groups on the outside and in the
panels and medallions in the tablet room the persons
depicted are shown exactly as they appeared during the
War. The ladies of the Sanitary Commission are
dressed in war-time costume and are shown at the age
they were then. So with all the others. Lincoln,
Grant, Sherman, Ohio's War Governors, and the Sailors
and Soldiers shown in action appear exactly as they
looked during the great conflict, with no attempt to
soften roughness or change lines in order to get ideal
beauty.

"A description of the Monument in its entirety would
require much more space than can be devoted to the
purpose. The structure does not in any essential
respect follow the design of the conventional soldiers'
monument, but it is in every way emblematical of the
Army and Navy of the Civil War. To this end, con-
ventionality was thrown to the winds, and the architect
and his band of advisers went forward with plans for a
structure which should, in all its details, be commemo-
rative of the great War of the Rebellion, and the heroic
part that the citizens of Cuyahoga County took in it.
It was well understood at the time this decision was

408 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

made that the art critics of the country would fail to
.see the beauty of such a monument, and that there
would be an endless amount of criticism of the design.
That such criticism was made, is well known. How-
ever, the work went on with rapidity and dispatch, and
the finished Monument, entirely unique and unusual in
style and appearance, is to-day, with one exception, the
largest and most comprehensive memorial of Union
Soldiers in the country. Nothing that at all compares
with it exists anywhere except at Indianapolis, where a
whole State has united and spent a half million of
dollars on a monument to the Union Soldiers.

" Seen at a distance, the Monument presents the
appearance of a massive shaft, reaching high into the
air, and expanding into a square structure at the base.
The lower part of the Monument, which is built of
black Quincy granite, is surrounded by an esplanade of
polished stone, one hundred feet square and five feet
above grade. Leading to this are curving steps of the
same material, which, but for a space on each of the
four sides, would extend entirely around the base. The
steps and esplanade are made of red Medina sandstone.
At each side of the Monument, resting upon the top of
a massive pedestal of Amherst stone which, in turn,
stands upon the sweep of the esplanade, is a bronze
group, of heroic size, representing one of the four main
branches of the army service. Surmounting the top of
the shaft, which is composed of great blocks of shining
granite, is an Amazonian figure of Liberty, fifteen feet
high. The lawn surrounding the whole is adorned
with upwards of thirty large flower beds, in colors and
designs to represent the different army corps badges
and the badges of well-known ex-soldiers' societies."

The Plain Dealer describes the floral emblems, re-
producing the army corps and society badges, as
follows :

HON. EDWIN M. STANTON,

Secretary of War.

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 411

• The smooth green lawns and the beautiful beds of
plants of various colored leaves about the Monument
are not the least points of attractiveness. In order to
carry out the general design and purpose of the Monu-
ment, and thus continue to the greatest degree the
harmony of parts, it was determined that the beds of
flowers should represent badges worn by different army
organizations. The plan has been fulfilled in a way
that demonstrates that artistic gardening may be carried
to a high degree. The colors of the badges are made
to appear by the bunching of small plants. These
colors may be clearly distinguished as red, white or
blue, these effects being produced by the leaves rather
than by the flowers.

On the Superior Street side are five badges. The
Grand Army of the Republic badge is seen in the cen-
ter. It consists of an eagle and crossed cannons,
suspended from these a United States flag, and under
this a five-pointed star.

To the right of this is the Loyal Legion badge,
composed of a gold bar with red, white and blue ribbon
and a maltese cross hanging therefrom.

To the left of the center is the Women's Relief
Corps badge — a red, white and blue ribbon with maltese
cross hanging to it.

At the west end of this section is the badge of the
Union Veterans' Union, consisting of swords crossed
under a circle, inclosing the letters U. V. U., and
pendent therefrom a red, white and blue ribbon, from
which hangs a circle with crossed guns and an anchor
over it.

At the east end is the Sons of Veterans' badge.
From a bar of metal, bearing the words 'Sons of
Veterans,' hangs a shield composed of red, white and
blue ribbon. Under this hangs an eagle, and a cross
with the initials of the order upon it.

412 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

The remaining gardens, twenty-four in all, or eight on
each side of the Monument, represent the badges of all
the Army Corps and the Signal Service. The number
of each Army Corps, together with a description of its
badge, follows. The badge of the First Corps is found
at the northwest corner and continue southward and
around the Monument in regular numerical order.

First Corps — A circle.

Second — Clover leaf.

Third — Diamond.

Fourth — Triangle.

Fifth — Maltese cross.

Sixth — Greek cross.

Seventh — Star and crescent.

Eighth — Six pointed star.

Ninth — Shield, with anchor and cannon across it.

Tenth — Bastioned fort.

Eleventh — Crescent.

Twelfth — Five pointed star.

Thirteenth — No badge.

Fourteenth — Acorn.

Fifteenth — Knapsack and cartridge box, with words
"40 rounds."

Sixteenth — Circular cross.

Seventeenth — Arrow.

Eighteenth — Trefoil cross.

Nineteenth — Square Maltese cross.

Twentieth — Five-pointed star.

Twenty-first — No badge.

Twenty-second — Five-armed cross.

Twenty-third— Shield.

Twenty-fourth — Heart.

Twenty-fifth — Square.

Signal Service — Two crossed flags and a torch.

The anchor and cannon in the Ninth Corps badge
is accounted for on the ground that Gen. Burnside, the-

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 413,

commander, had both Marines and Artillery in his corps.
The Eleventh and Twelfth Corps were consolidated and
made the Twentieth, with Gen. Hooker in command.
The badge of the Twelfth was adopted for the new
Twentieth.

So plain are the designs of the various badges that
the visitor will be entertained in examining the beds,
this description held in hand for reference.

Capt. Levi T. Scofield told the Plain Dealer reporter
the following interesting incidents of the construction
of the Monument:

" It required years of study and research," he said,.
"in order to plan a structure that should be correct in
all its details. It was necessary for me to study the
entire accouterments of the Soldiers, including dress,
equipage, trappings, ornaments and such trifling things
as pouches, belts, buttons and other small things. I
read books, I interviewed men connected with various
branches of the Army, I made research through army
records, especially in the War Department at Washing-
ton, and finally I went to New York and bought a full
set of accouterments at a store where nothing is sold
but army relics. As a result of this work, the figures
and emblems of the Monument represent such as might
actually have been seen during the War. In some parts
of the country where soldiers' monuments have been
built, the architects have gone to the nearest armory
and borrowed equipment to use as models. This
modern equipment is totally different from that used in
the War, and such a monument would not represent
the period from 1861 to 1865. In order to show how
careful we were in all details, I will mention the trouble
we had with such a trivial thing as a confederate
officer's belt plate. In one of the groups is a confederate
officer. I did not know the design for his belt plate and
could find no one in the city who did know. Finally I

414 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

happened upon a friend in Cincinnati who had a copy
of the confederate army regulations. In this it was
stated that the design on the officer's belt plate should
be the seal of the confederate states. The next under-
taking was to find a copy of that seal. I learned that
the War Department had one at Washington as a relic,
but I found through correspondence that under no con-
sideration could it be removed. The correspondence
was discouraging, but I insisted that I must have it, and
finallv prevailed upon them to make a drawing of it.
From this we made the design, and then I presented
the drawing to the Historical Society, at whose rooms
it may now be seen.

" In the construction of a mortar in the naval group
we worked from an actual set of working drawings and
plans. They were made for us by the designers in the
War Department at Washington, but as all the work
had to be done after regular hours, we were obliged to
give them double pay. This one feature of the Monu-
ment cost a good round sum.

" I think that I am right in saying that there is not a
detail in the entire Monument that is not correct.

" A great deal of criticism has been offered against
the statue of Liberty. Two things have been ridiculed
— the extended foot of the figure, which is said to be
too big, and the army overcoat in which she is arrayed.
Now, without any bitterness, I must say that if the
critics had studied the figure and had known whereof
thev were talking, they would not have criticised these
points. Six months of hard work were put upon that
figure in my studio. Ever}- effort was made to preserve
correct proportions and make a beautiful figure. The
foot is not out of proportion. In standing on a level
with the figure that fact is evident. The picture of the
figure, taken before it was raised to its high position,
shows a well-proportioned foot.

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 415

"The feature of the army overcoat is not original
with me, but is copied after a famous French artist, who
made a female figure to represent Paris and clothed it
in a full army uniform. The coat that my figure wears
was recut and made to fit her by a tailor who came to
the studio for that purpose. I fail to see any difference
between it and the coats that the ladies wear in Winter.
Both have long skirts and capes. The coat looked well
upon her.

"Architects from all parts of the country have called
upon me or sent letters speaking in praise of the
Monument. They do not find features to criticise, but
rather express commendation of the plan and the
manner in which it has been executed."

THE BEGINNING OF THE WAR — SKETCHES OF THE
SUBJECTS OF THE BUSTS AND MEDALLIONS.

Of the breaking out of the War, the part our county
took in it, and brief sketches of the heroes immortalized
in bronze busts, the Leader wrote :

" Cleveland began to fight the War of the Rebellion
long before the flag was fired upon at Fort Sumter.
The storm cloud in the South made an earl)' impression
on the minds of the Cleveland people, and the year
1861 had hardly commenced when active preparations
for the expected struggle were begun. The files of the
morning Leader of that time are full of the war spirit
and the war preparations which were characteristic of
that period. The first public meeting of any conse-
quence in this connection was held at the Atheneum,
on Wednesday evening, January 9, 1861, when several
hundred persons were present, and the crisis felt to be
at hand discussed at length. Addresses were made by
F. T. Backus, A. G. Riddle, and others, and a set of
resolutions was adopted calling upon the State Legisla-
ture to take such steps as were necessary to at once

4l6 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

place the militia of the State in proper condition so that
whenever their services were needed they would be
ready to go into the field in defense of the country.
The resolutions were as follows :

"Resolved, That we are inclined to listen with respect to the
complaints of the slave-holding States and to exercise moderation
and conciliation, but we are not prepared to change the Constitution
at the dictation of traitors.

" Resolved, That when legal and peaceful means are exhausted,
we are prepared, not in the spirit of aggression or haste, but under
constituted authority, to repel all attacks upon the capital, the reve-
nue, and the public property.

" Resolved, That we call upon the Legislature, now in session at
Columbus, to pass the laws necessary to completely and thoroughly
organize the militia of the State, so that whenever occasion may
call for it, they may be called speedily into service to protect the
interests of the State and maintain the integrity of the law.

" A day or so previous to this meeting, a gathering of
German citizens occurred when sixty-two signed their
names to an agreement to place their services at the
command of their adopted country in case it became
necessary to defend the Republic. In order to properly
achieve the result aimed at, the signers formed a rifle
company and pledged themselves to unite with the first
regiment of volunteers that was mustered into service
in the State.

" From this time until the news came that Sumter
had been forced to surrender, the city was fully alive to
the situation, and the constantly-shifting events made
the war feeling increase with the days. The journey
of President-elect Lincoln through the city on Febru-
ary 16, 1S61, on the way to inauguration, was the occa-
sion for a demonstration which gave all an opportunity
of showing how they felt about the great crisis. The
excitement caused by the firing on Fort Sumter was in-
tense. From the time the first news was received until
late the same night, the office of the Leader was sur-

MAJOR -GENERAL J. B. STEEDMAN.

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 419

rounded with an excited crowd, almost wild to know all
that could be told with reference to the event. The
halls, stairs, and sidewalks were filled with an eager,
inquiring mass of people. On the day following the
publication of the news, an appeal published in the
editorial columns of the Leader served to rouse to the
highest pitch the fighting blood of the Forest City. It
was as follows :

" ' To Arms ! Men of Ohio ! The flag of our country,
the flag that has never yet lowered to a foreign foe ; the
flag that has for eighty years been the ensign to which
the oppressed and downtrodden of earth have looked
with eager and wistful eye ; the flag that tells of heroic
struggles and noble deeds of valor on many a hard-
fought field, and many a staunch old ship ; the flag to
which many a dying Soldier has turned his glazing eye
and thanked his God that it still floated upon the breeze
that kissed his gory brow ; the flag that your fathers
baptized in holy consecration with their blood — this flag
has been torn down from its standard and left to trail
in the dust beneath the banner of a rebellious host !
Shall it remain there ? or will you rescue it from its
degradation and once again give it to the breeze, proud-
ly defiant of native or foreign foes? This is a question
which you must have a voice in deciding. You must
share in the glory or the infamy of the conflict. You
can be idle spectators no longer. Ohio must be in the
van of the battle. When the call comes for volunteers,
fifty thousand men must be ready to shoulder the mus-
ket and march to the scene of war. The fiery impulse
of youth and the cool discretion of manhood will alike
be wanted. There are no political lines to be drawn
here. 'Are you a true American? ' and ' Have you a
heart, hand, and foot ready to keep step with the music
of the Union ? ' are all that need to be asked. All who
can answer yes to these may strike hands in the com-

420 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

mon cause and march shoulder to shoulder where duty
leads the way.'

" The formation of volunteer companies began at
once and went forward with remarkable speed. The
Cleveland Grays, who had been in existence for a num-
ber of years at that time, were among the first to offer
their services to the Government, and they were at once
notified to report at Columbus at the earliest possible
moment. Their departure from the city on Thursday
afternoon, April 18, was made the occasion of a grand
outburst of patriotic feeling, when an immense crowd
of people saw them off. Previous to the departure of
the Grays, a mass-meeting was held in the Public
Square, attended by the Grays and a large portion of
the population of the city. Addresses were made by a
number of prominent citizens, and some of the officers
of the company also spoke. Other military organiza-
tions than the Grays were present, as follows : Five com-
panies of the Cleveland Light Artillery, under Colonel
Barnett, the Dragoons, the Zouave Light Guards, under
command of Captain Robinson, the Sprague Cadets,
under Sergeant Sanford, in the absence of Major
De Villiers, the commanding officer. The Grays were
in command of Lieutenant Ensworth, Captain Paddock
being in New York. After the exercises in the Square,
the line of march was taken to the depot, where a train
on the Cleveland, Columbus & Cincinnati Railroad
was to convey the troops to Columbus. The scenes
at the depot were most affecting, and the departure of
the first company stirred up the war spirit to a high
pitch.

" New companies were formed almost daily, and soon
there were a dozen or more of them soliciting volunteer
members. On the Sunday following the departure of
the Grays for Columbus, special services were held in
the churches of the city, when the crisis that had come

SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS' MONUMENT. 42 1

upon the country was referred to in sermons that
hreathed the fire of patriotism. A meeting for the pur-
pose of organizing a Home Guard was held, and plans
for the proper formation of the companies were adopted.
The object of the -Home Guard was stated to be the
promotion of the enlistment of trained men into the
service of the country, but no member of the Guard
was thereby exempted from more active service when-
ever the emergency should arise. Among the military
companies which were either fully formed or in process
of organization at this time were the Light Artillery
Companies, five in number, the Cleveland Rifle Grena-
diers, the Cleveland Light Guards, the Buckeye
Rifles, the Continental Rifles, the German Rifles,
the Hibernian Guards, the Zouave Light Guard, the
Tod Artillery, the West Side Eagles, the Perry Light
Infantry, and the Light Guards, Junior, of the West
Side.

" During this time the excitement was not confined
to Cleveland by any means. All the smaller towns and
villages about the city were full of the spirit of patriot-
ism and companies were being formed in all of them.
Within a week after the departure of the Grays, volun-
teers from the surrounding country began pouring into
the city, and Camp Taylor, which was the first receiv-
ing station here, was soon well populated. Upwards of
5,000 Soldiers were stationed at Camp Taylor within
two weeks after the fall of Sumter. The volunteer
Soldiers did not remain there long, but were directed to
report nearer the front without delay, and thus there
was a constant stream of the new companies coming in
and passing out of the city. The towns of Olmsted,
Strongsville, Chagrin Falls, Bellevue, Richmond Cen-
ter, Painesville, Elyria, Bedford, and others all did their
duty. The needs of the Soldiers were more at first
than the Government could supply and there were

422 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

many calls for blankets and other articles from time to
time. These calls were responded to with generosity
by the citizens and women of Cleveland.

" Incidents increasing the excitement began to occnr.
A young man arrived in the city from Memphis. He
had been ordered to leave that city or take the alterna-
tive of joining the rebel army. He managed to escape
just in time and his arrival added fuel to the flame,
which even then burned at white heat. The war feel-
ing showed itself in the presentation of innumerable
things needed by Soldiers, the recipients being usually
men who had in some manner won the especial respect
of the donors. Captain W. R. Creighton, who later be-
came a colonel and won great renown as a fighter, was,
on April 28, presented with a fine silver-mounted re-
volver, by the compositors of the Leader office. Other
presentations of various articles were being made all the
time, and the articles varied from stands of colors to
weapons and wearing apparel. The children of the
public schools were soon possessed of the prevailing
spirit, and flags soon waved over the school buildings.
One was raised at the Rockwell School on the last day
of April, with accompanying exercises of a patriotic na-
ture. The Hudson Street School and other schools in
the City soon had their flags, and the children were
early interested in the cause of patriotism.

" One of the interesting events of the first year of the
War in Cleveland was the discussion of the question of
whether the Fourth of July should be celebrated as
usual or not. There was a variety of opinions on this
subject, some thinking that the times demanded other
things of the people. The general opinion, however,
was that no time could be better for the proper celebra-
tion of the Nation's birthday, when the need of rousing
patriotic feeling was the greatest. This view of the
case prevailed and the committee on the celebration

SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS' MONUMENT. 423

arranged plans which were as complete and patriotic as
the times would allow.

" Cuyahoga County's part in the struggle of the Union
was an important one. It furnished some of the first
Soldiers that went to the front and a constant supply
thereafter during the War. It sent many brave men
into battle, and the record made by the county during
the great struggle is one to be proud of."

"COL. WILLIAM R. CREIGHTON.

" In Woodland Cemetery is a tall monument familiar
to many of the people of Cleveland, commemorative of
the bravery and fate of the fallen members of the regi-
ment.

" The reputation of the " Fighting Seventh " is in-
separably connected with that of Colonel William R.
Creighton. He fell at the bloody battle of Ringgold,
Ga., after he had led his command up a rocky hill in
the face of almost certain annihilation, and had been
compelled at last to order them back to a place of safe-
ty. His death was a shock that at first seemed likely
to disorganize the command, and honors uncounted
were showered upon his cold clay at the funeral in this
city. His is one of the bronze busts which adorn the
niches in the walls of the tablet room of the Monument.

" Colonel Creighton was born at Pittsburg, in June,
1837. He removed to Cleveland when he was seven-
teen years of age, and at the time of the outbreak of
the War was a compositor in the Herald office.

" At the time, being a Lieutenant in the Cleveland
Light Guards, he organized a company with that organ-
ization as a nucleus and soon had so many applications
for membership that another company and then a third
was recruited. This was the beginning of the Seventh
Regiment. The Regiment, when its full quota of men
had been obtained, marched down the streets of the

.424 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

city on the way to the train on a beautiful Sabbath
morning in May, 1861. It was the first full regiment
that left the city and the town turned out in full force
to bid the men good-bye. The regiment went to Camp
Dennison, near Cincinnati, and was there when the call
for three-years' troops came. With few exceptions the
members of the regiment volunteered for the three-
years' time service, and Colonel Tyler, the commander
of the regiment, preceded the organization to West Vir-
ginia, where it had been ordered, and Lieutenant-
Colonel Creighton took the men to Clarksburg. After
the battle of Cross Lanes and the pursuit of the rebel
General Floyd, Colonel Tyler was promoted and Creigh-
ton became the commander of the regiment. Colonel
Creighton led his regiment, which was the first in the
famous charge of the third brigade at the battle of
Winchester, and after losing his horse by having it shot
from under him, he took a musket and fought with his
men on foot. He led the regiment in five desperate
charges at the battle of Fort Republic and in the battle
•of Cedar Mountain he handled his men with notable
b>ravery and skill. He was severely wounded in this
engagement, and was compelled to leave the field. He
returned home to await the healing of his wound, but
reported to the regiment while his arm was still in a
sling. He participated in the battles of Dumfries,
Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Lookout Mountain, and
Mission Ridge, everywhere leading his men with re-
markable skill and bravery. After the last-named bat-
tle, the pursuit of Bragg and the terrible encounter at
Ringgold came. Bragg's rear guard was posted on the
summit of Taylor's Ridge, a naked eminence, where it
was folly to attempt to climb in the face of shot and
shell without the use of artillery to cover the assault.
But in the excitement of the moment the command was
given and then Creighton made a speech to his men.

MAJOR - GENERAL M. F. FORCE.

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 427

' Boys,' he said, ' we are ordered to take that hill. I
want to see you walk right up it.' The advance was
made with valorous fury, but it was soon seen to be im-
possible to reach the top in the face of the hot fire kept
up by the rebels. Creighton led his men into a ravine
in the hope of reaching a more protected spot, and
while leaning against a fence, watching until thev
should reach the opposite side, he was stricken with a
bullet in his body. He fell and expired almost im-
mediately. This was on November 27, 1863, when he
was but twenty-six years of age.

"COLONEL MKRVIXE CLARK.

" One of the bravest officers who took part in the War
of the Rebellion was Colonel Mervine Clark, of the One
Hundred and Eighty-third Regiment. He is described
as an effeminate-looking boy, who had never a sug-
gestion of a beard upon his face, and he was only
twenty-one years old when he was killed. At this early
period he had alr-eady advanced in military experience
until, on the day of his death, he was in command of
the regiment to which he belonged. His bravery was
unquestioned. It was said he was an example to all in
the army who saw him. He was killed upon the top ot
the parapet at the battle of Franklin, Tenn. The men
of his regiment were young, as was he, and when
Hood's army came upon them with the powerful onset
of veteran troops, they were unable to withstand their
first baptism of fire. Clark had been a Captain in the
Seventh Regiment during all the period of its bloody
history, and he was so chagrined and mortified to see
his men give way before the foe that he snatched a flag
and sprang upon the parapet. He held the banner over
his head, and implored the men to return and face the
enemy. While calling to the troops, he was shot in the
back, and, falling into the hands of the Colonel of

428 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

another regiment, who was standing near, he died
almost instantly. His likeness is preserved in the
Monument in the form of a bust.

" CAPTAIN WALLACE J. WOODWARD.

"A brave young man, who was stricken when he had
just commenced to show to the world the true worth of
his soldierly character, was Captain Wallace Woodward,,
of the Twenty-third Ohio. He enlisted in Cleveland at
the opening of the War, and was shortly afterward
elected First Lieutenant of Company A. He was soon
appointed Adjutant of the regiment, and in July of 1861
he was made Captain of Company G. At the battle of
Carnifax Ferry, on September 10, 1861, he acquitted
himself with distinguished gallantry, and won many
expressions of admiration. During the retreat of Floyd
to Sewell Mountain, the command was exposed three
days to severe rain. Captain Woodward was taken
with typhoid fever, and died at Camp Ewing, not long
after. He was regarded as a manly and fearless Soldier,
and those who knew him looked forward to seeing him
carry off high honors, but his untimely end cut short
their hopes. His bust is one of those about the Monu-
ment shaft.

"MAJOR JAMES B. HAMPSON.

"An officer who smiled and appeared unconcerned,
even in the hottest battles, and who showed no fear,
even when caught in the deadliest of situations, was.
Major James B. Hampson, who was killed at Pickett's
Mill, Ga. WThen the war cloud burst, he was a printer
in the Plain Dealer office of this city, and at the
time of his death was an inspecting officer on General
Wood's staff. The shot that ended his life came as he
was engaged in forming a new line with a portion of
General WTood's command. He was seen by other
Cleveland officers a few moments before he was shotr

soldiers' axd sailors' monument. 429

and of them he asked the direction of the troops he had
been sent to reform. He then galloped away down the
lines, and the next that was heard from him he was in
the hospital. He is spoken of as a gallant officer, and
as brave as possible for a man to be while in action.
His bust is in the Monument.

"CAPTAIN W. W. HUTCHINSON.

" The features of Captain W. W. Hutchinson, of the One
Hundred and Third Ohio Regiment, have been repro-
duced in the bronze of one of the busts which adorn the
walls of the tablet room. He lost his life at the battle
of Resaca, Ga., where the fighting was severe and dis-
astrous. He was the only member of the regiment, ot
which at the time he had command, who was standing,
the others being concealed among the bushes of the
abattis. He was passing up and down the line just
previous to the final charge, cheering the men to make
the onset. He walked along, unmindful of the bullets,
talking to the men, and as he walked he swung his
sword and cut at the weeds which stood by his path. A
Rebel bullet struck him in the head, and he died at
once. He was a brave officer, greatly respected by his
men.

"CAPTAIN WILLIAM SMITH.

" Captain William Smith, of the Second Ohio Cavalry,
is another officer whose bust stands in one of the niches
in the Monument. He did not die on the field, but his
death occurred a few years ago in consequence of the
injuries he suffered during the War. No greater testi-
monial to his virtues as a Soldier can be given than that
he was chosen by the cavalry officers of the city to be
immortalized in the tablet room of the Monument. As
a citizen, an enterprising business man, and an earnest
friend, he was esteemed by all who knew him."

The Leader sketches the subjects of the medallions
in manner following:

430 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

" Twelve prominent men — men who fonght for the
Union during the War, and added to the fair fame ot
the Buckeye State — are honored by portrait representa-
tions in the interior of the Monument. Their features
have been reproduced in lasting bronze, and stand in
one continuous row about the solid foundation upon
which rests the towering shaft of the structure. In the
selection of the men who were to be honored in this
manner, the Commissioners did not restrict themselves
to Cuvahoga County, but selected representative men
of prominence from all portions of the State.

" SECRETARY OF WAR EDWIN M. STANTON.

" One of them is Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton,
who was appointed to that position by President Lincoln
in 1862. Previous to that time he had been a reporter
of the decisions of the Ohio State Supreme Court, and
Attorney-General under President Buchanan. He was
born in Steubenville, in December, 1815, and received
his education in the public schools of that place and in
Kenyon College. Throughout the administration of
President Lincoln, his influence was all-powerful.

" He was strong-willed, and often succeeded in secur-
ing action desired by him against the heaviest opposi-
tion. The war triumphs won under the administration
of President Lincoln are inseparably connected with his
name.

"MAJOR-GENERAL JAMES B. MCPHERSON.

" General James B. McPherson, who was the highest
ranking officer from Ohio that (ell in the War, has a
medallion next to that of Secretary Stanton. In the
service of his country he was gallant and able, as well
as lovable to such a degree that he was regarded with
feelings of warm friendship by those who knew him.
He fell just on the eve of triumphs that were sure to
have given him prestige and honor beyond any he had

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 431

received. In the minds of those who were familiar
with his history, he ranks high among those who fell
martyrs to the eanse of the Union. He was born in
Clyde, November 14, 1828. He entered West Point,
and graduated at the head of his class, being assigned
to the Department of Engineers. He was recalled to
the academy, and for a year taught in that institution.
During the War he served as Chief of Engineers under
Grant, and was promoted to the rank of Brigadier-
General. His death occurred before Atlanta, when he
was engaged in seeing to the formation of the Union
lines previous to the battle. In appearance he is spoken
of as extremely prepossessing, being six feet in height,
well formed, and graceful.

uMAJOR-GENERAL WILLIAM B. HAZEX.

" The features of General William B. Hazen look
down from a medallion at the side of that of General
McPherson. This officer, who was born in Vermont in
1830, and who came to Ohio with his parents three
years later, made an enviable record on the field as a
Soldier. He was a brave fighter, and made few mis-
takes. He rose to the command of the Fifteenth Army
Corps, and he made his organization efficient through
his method of careful instruction of his officers and the
great care which he took in making his plans. He was
educated at West Point, graduating from the academy
in 1855.

"MAJOR-GENERAL JAMES B. STEEDMAX.

" General James B. Steedman, who was one of the
famous Ohio officers during the War, was living at
Toledo when the War began. He was born in Penn-
sylvania in 1S1S, and previous to the War he had filled
various positions of public trust. Two days after the
call for volunteers, he telegraphed to Governor Den-
nison, offering a regiment of troops, and three days

432 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

after he was appointed Colonel the regiment was ready
to take the field. The regiment, after a time spent in
Camp Taylor, passed through many engagements, and
in July, 1862, he was appointed a Brigadier-General.
His service during the War was distinguished and
highly honorable, and was regarded as most valuable.
He was bold and energetic, and his troops possessed
unbounded confidence in him.

" MAJOR-GENERAL MANNING F. FORCE.

" Major-General Manning F. Force was born in the
District of Columbia in 1824. He passed through the
law college of Harvard University, and then removed
to Cincinnati, where he practiced law. When the Re-
bellion broke out, he at once began to prepare for the
crisis, and in July, 1861, he was appointed Major of the
Twentieth Ohio Infantry. His regiment was mainly
used at first for the guarding of prisoners on the way to
the North, but during 1862 and 1863 he was a partici-
pant in a number of hard-fought battles. He was pro-
moted to Colonel soon after the battle of Pittsburg
Landing, and in August, 1862, he was made a Brigadier-
General for gallant service at the siege of Yicksburg.
He was wounded in the face by a bullet in front of
Atlanta. At the close of the War he was brevetted
Major-General.

"MAJOR-GENERAL EMERSON OPDYCKE.

"Another of the medallions is in honor of Major-
General Emerson Opdycke, who enlisted in the Army
as a private and rose to the high rank given him at the
close of the War, through his gallantry and ability as
an officer. He was born in Trumbull County in 1830.
Within a month after his enlistment, which was in the
Forty-first Ohio, he was made First Lieutenant, and the
success that attended his efforts soon after eave him the

BRIGADIER - GENERAL GEORGE W. MORGAN.

SOLDIERS1 AND SAILORS' MONUMENT. 435

rank of Captain. He commanded a regiment of the
' Squirrel Hunters,' the minute men who inarched to
the defense of Cincinnati when it was threatened by the
Rebels under Kirby Smith, and while home from the
War at that time, he organized the One Hundred and
Twenty-fifth Infantry. At the battle of Mission Ridge
he commanded five regiments, and made several large
captures. He was a fierce fighter, and did not hesitate
to leave his horse and fight on foot when the occasion
demanded. He received the highest commendation
from General George H. Thomas when promoted to
Major-General. He is now the Manager of the Soldiers'
Home at Sandusky.

" BRIGADIER -GENERAL GEORGE W. MORGAN.

"General George W. Morgan had just returned from
acting as Minister Plenipotentiary to Portugal when the
War opened. He was born in Pennsylvania, and he
passed several years in the Military Academy at West
Point, although he did not graduate. He served in the
war with Mexico, receiving the rank of Colonel, and was
later appointed a Colonel of the Fourteenth Regular
Infantry. He served until the close of the Mexican
War with distinction, and when the Rebellion broke
out he was made a Brigadier-General of Volunteers. He
was a man of military appearance, polished manners,
and was every inch an officer.

"MAJOR-GENERAL ALEXANDER MCDOWELL MCCOOK.

"Another of the Ohioans who received a West Point
education, and rose to prominence in the War of the
Rebellion, was Major-General Alexander McDowell
McCook, a native of Columbiana County. He was
graduated from the academy in 1852, and afterward
engaged in the campaign against the Apache Indians.
In the Civil War, he participated in the battles of

436 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

Vienna and Bull Run, and was made in December,
1861, a Brigadier-General of Volunteers. He organized
and equipped the Second Division of the Army of Ohio,
but met with many reverses in the latter part of the
War, and was relieved from his command. He received
many brevet appointments for meritorious services,
however, and retaining his rank in the Regular Army,
he rose to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel.

" SURGEON C. A. HARTMAN.

"The features of Dr. C. A. Hartman, who was killed
at the battle of Chancellorsville, are molded in one of
the bronze medallions which ornament the shaft. Dr.
Hartman was a practicing physician in this city at the
time the War broke out, and the recognition of him in
this manner is due largely to the uncommon occurrence
of a surgeon being killed in battle. The Fifth Ohio, to
which he was attached, had just completed the march
to Chancellorsville when it was surprised by a large
force of the Rebel troops. The men were at rest, their
arms were stacked and not in readiness for use, and the
surprise resulted most disastrously for the Union force.
In the heat of the surprise, when some of the men were
rushing for their guns and others were trying to get
away as fast as they could, the surgeon, sword in hand,
rushed into the fight. He held aloft the colors and
endeavored to rally the men around him, when he was
struck by a Rebel bullet and killed.

"BRIGADIER -GENERAL J. J. ELWELL.

" General J.J. El well, whose features are shown in
one of the medallions, is a member of the Monument
Commission, and his biography is referred to elsewhere.

"BRIGADIER -GENERAL J. S. CASEMENT.

"A dashing fighter and a brave man is General J. S.
Casement, who is a resident of Painesville. He entered

SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS' MONUMENT. 437

the service May 7, 1861, as Major in the Seventh Ohio
Infantry. When the regiment was reorganized for the
three years' service, he retained the same rank, and in
1862 he resigned. In August of the same year he was
appointed Colonel of the One Hundred and Third
Infantry, and he was awarded the rank of Brevet-Briga-
dier-General January 25, 1865. He was a commanding
officer who was not feared, but was much loved and re-
spected by the men under him. When he called upon
them to follow him into the conflict, they were not
backward in doing so, and he always led them.

"major-general a. c. voris.
" General A. C. Yoris, of Akron, was one of the prompt
and ever ready Soldiers of the War, and for his services
in the great conflict he received high commendation
from his superior officers. He was born in Stark
County in 1827. When the Rebellion commenced, he
was a member of the Ohio Legislature, and in Septem-
ber, 1861, he enlisted in the Twenty-ninth Ohio In-
fantry. Without solicitation on his part, he was ap-
pointed a Second Lieutenant for the recruiting service,
and soon afterwards he became the Lieutenant-Colonel
of the Sixty-seventh Regiment. Just preceding the
battle of Winchester, his command took part in the
only engagement where Stonewall Jackson was beaten
by the Union troops, and he was shortly afterward pro-
moted to be a Colonel. He took part in a large number
of engagements, and was successively promoted to
Brigadier-General and Major-General, and at the close
of the WTar he was placed in command of the Military
District of South Anna, Ya., where he was for six
months absolute ruler. His men were full of admira-
tion for him, and at the close of the War they presented
him with a magnificent sword and trappings as a token
of their esteem. He is a lawyer of large practice, and
is also interested in politics."

438 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

NORTHERN OHIO SOLDIERS' AID SOCIETY.

We have very much pleasure in recognizing the
noble and telling work performed by the women of the
Northern Ohio Soldiers' Aid Society and their auxil-
iaries during the entire period of the War, and gladly
devote a part of our volume to the achievements of that
organization, and to a brief sketch of its principal
factors.

Agreeable to our earnest request and cordial invita-
tion, this part of our volume was written by an accom-
plished and gifted native of Cleveland, a lady who is
held in the highest esteem by hundreds of the old
families of this city for her modesty and patriotic
worth; one who is capable and familiar with her sub-
ject. We present the valuable contribution of Miss
Ellen F. Terry, now Mrs. Charles F. Johnson, of
Hartford, Conn.:

The Northern Ohio Soldiers' Aid Society was organ-
ized April 20th, 1861, five days after President Lincoln's
first call for troops, and somewhat earlier than any
other relief association.

Its first efforts were directed towards supplying com-
forts to the Soldiers at Camp Cleveland, and relieving
the wants of the families of enlisted men. Like the
government and people of the Union, they struggled
blindly towards the best, learning what that best was
only after repeated experiment. Out of not infrequent
failure was at length evolved systematic plans and
methods of operation.

On July 1st, 1861, No. 95 Bank Street, Cleveland,
was rented for the uses of office and store-room — as the
serious nature of the national struggle became apparent
and the hopes first entertained of its temporary charac-
ter faded. Impressed by the magnitude of the task be-
fore it, and convinced that individual effort must always
be less efficacious than concerted action, the society,.

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SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS' MONUMENT. ^\1

October 1st, 1861, became auxiliary to the U. S.
Sanitary Commission, as its Cleveland Branch ; thence-
forth directing its contributions chiefly through the
Commission's channels, taking advantage of its agents,,
and availing itself of the privileges granted that body
by the general Government. One of the most impor-
tant advantages gained by this connection was the con-
stant advice and assistance of the Western Secretary of
the Sanitary Commission, Dr. J. S. Newberry, a most dis-
tinguished and patriotic citizen of Cleveland, whose serv-
ices were ever after invaluable to the Cleveland Branch.

From April 20th, 1861, to the close of the Free Claim
Agency, in 1868, the Soldiers' Aid Society continued
its existence as the exponent of the patriotic sentiment
of the people of Northern Ohio. The systematic ar-
rangement of its supply and relief work rendered its
operations regular and important and, it is believed, in
the direction of the greatest utility. Drawing its sup-
plies from a comparatively small area — not greater in
extent than one-eighth part of the State of Ohio — the
results of the society's efforts, thus systematized, showed,
when summed up at the close of the War, a total dis-
bursement of hospital stores, not only far greater, pro-
portionally, than that of any other branch of the Sani-
tary Commission, but actually, in certain respects, in
excess of that of societies which received contributions
from states, not counties.

By gradual accretion, the number of societies in
Northern Ohio whose combination formed the Cleveland
Branch Sanitary Commission was five hundred and
twenty-five. The connection between these branches
and the central office was a close one, and in time the
contributions of each toward the general cause became
as regular as the operations of a business house, and to
stimulate and encourage this systematic activity was
the duty of the parent society at Cleveland. Corre-

442 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

spondence-with each branch was regular and frequent,
not only by personal letters but through the Cleveland
press, and by means of circulars and bulletins. Thus
an interchange of interests was made possible ; all re-
ports of agents in the field were promptly communi-
cated, and suggestions and information conveyed from
the central office to each branch. Through its greater
opportunities, the Cleveland office was able to extend
temporary help to its auxiliaries. When the funds in
the local treasuries were low, hospital garments, cut out
and prepared, were sent them to make, or material for
such sold them at reduced rates, to tide over pass-
ing difficulties. Through these close relations, the
central society gained its knowledge of the innumera-
ble instances of self-sacrifice, unconscious and unre-
corded, which made possible the great work done by the
people of Northern Ohio. To deny themselves comfort
and luxury, and to know no pause in earnest effort and
generous giving was, till the end of the War, the
privilege of the women who formed the Northern Ohio
Soldiers' Aid Society.

At the central office, at 95 Bank Street, Cleveland, all
hospital stores received were examined, assorted and
classified, being also repacked, according to such classi-
fication, in specially prepared boxes to insure safety in
transportation, and to facilitate shipments to definite
points. For regular, unfailing work in this direction
the society depended upon its Cleveland members, many
of whom were in attendance at stated periods from the
beginning to the end of the War. Others, who could
not give regular service, would render assistance when-
ever required, and on many occasions a call through the
daily papers for help in filling some unexpected de-
mand from camp or hospital has secured the manufac-
ture of several hundreds of hospital garments in twenty-
four hours' time.

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 443

To facilitate frequent communication with branches,
a printing office was established, when the society's re-
moval in 1864 to No. 89 Bank Street gave it enlarged
quarters. In this office were set up and worked off the
labels required for the various hospital stores, the cir-
culars to auxiliary societies, letters from agents in the
field and the association's monthly reports.

Another story of the building was used for the stor-
ing of material and the cutting out of hospital sheets,
pillow cases and clothing which were issued to the
branches, or made up in Cleveland.

The shipment of hospital supplies was chiefly
to the Western depot of the Sanitary Commission at
Louisville, Ky., whence they were forwarded, through
the Commission's transportation facilities, to the hos-
pitals in the South and Southwest, to the various
Soldiers' Homes along the rivers, and for the use of the
hospital trains and steamers. There were over one
hundred and fifty of these objective points in Ohio,
Tennessee, Virginia, Illinois, Indiana, Missouri, Kansas,
Kentucky, Army of the Potomac, Maryland, Georgia,
Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, and to
most of these camps, hospitals and homes, repeated
contributions were made.

To the issue of hospital stores was added a new feat-
ure in 1863. The Army of the Cumberland was seri-
ously threatened with scurvy, a disaster only averted
by the prompt action of the U. S. Sanitary Commission.
A steamer-load of fresh vegetables was at once for-
warded to Nashville and issued to the men in camp,
while a hundred barrels of potatoes and onions were
shipped to Gen. Thomas every day during the Summer.
Of these shipments, the contribution weekly of a car-
load of fresh vegetables from the Northern Ohio Sol-
diers' Aid Society formed a part. The auxiliary so-
cieties planted gardens, to aid in the " vegetable raid;"

444 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

one small neighborhood sending sixty barrels of potatoes,
and a little cross-road settlement twenty-eight barrels
at single installments. The great quantity of dried
fruit shipped during the War by the last-named small
society was explained by the fact that the entire product
of the neighborhood was reserved for use of the sick
Soldiers. The systematic methods employed in collect-
ing and shipping fresh vegetables enabled the Sanitary
Commission to supply the Army of the Tennessee with
potatoes and onions until, as it was said, " they captured
Yicksburg." In one shipment to this point, the Sol-
diers' Aid Society of Northern Ohio sent five hundred
boxes of hospital supplies. To accomplish such im-
portant results, even with unflagging individual support,
would have been impossible but for the assistance
which the various corporate bodies tendered the Cleve-
land Branch throughout the War. The contributions
of the railroad companies were unparalleled in magni-
tude. Not only were favors in transportation for
Soldiers and their families freely granted to the request
of the officers of the Soldiers1 Aid Society, and freight
charges often remitted on goods consigned to the Cleve-
land office, but all shipments of hospital stores to the
front were carried free of expense by the Cleveland &
Pittsburg, the Cleveland & Toledo, the Lake Shore and
the Cleveland, Columbus & Cincinnati railroad com-
panies. The extent of the Sanitary Commission's obli-
gation to the Cleveland, Columbus & Cincinnati Rail-
road Co. may be inferred from the fact that the North-
ern Ohio Aid Society was allowed the use of a car on
the passenger trains once every week, and cars on
freight trains as many and as often as desired. To
these favors was added the personal kindness of the
officers of the companies.

Other corporations — though less heavily taxed — con-
tributed as freely. The Western Union Telegraph Co.

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 445

sent the Aid Society's dispatches free ; the Omnibus
Co. gave passes to the officers, after the establishment
of the Soldiers' Home ; the frank of the society was
for three years recognized by the Post Office Department,
which made possible the vast circulation of documents
containing information and issued from its office, amount-
ing to one hundred and twenty-five thousand. To
the Cleveland daily papers the indebtedness of the Aid
Society was very great. The columns of all were open
to the bulletins and reports of the sanitary work, and a
large space in the Cleveland Herald and Cleveland
Leader was weekly occupied by material prepared at the
Bank Street office. From the United States and Ameri-
can express companies, innumerable favors were re-
ceived, as also from the Cleveland gas and water com-
panies. It is, of course, impossible to record within
the present limits the great obligation of the Soldiers'
Aid Society to individuals.

To acquaint themselves with the method of distribut-
ing hospital stores, and to obtain specific information as
to supplies most urgently needed, the officers of the Aid
Society from time to time visited the front, inspected
the Commission's depots and its Soldiers' Homes and
went to Pittsburg Landing on the hospital steamers.
The reports rendered of these inspections did much to
encourage and stimulate the Soldiers' Aid Society and
its branches, since not only was the efficiency of the
Sanitary Commission's system confirmed, but the need
of further effort established.

The hospital steamer Lancaster No. 2, which carried
down cargoes of sanitary stores and brought up the
wounded from the South to the hospitals along the
Ohio River, was, from the first, very largely fitted out
and supplied on every trip by the Cleveland Branch.

One of the most important departments of the sani-
tary work was called the Special Relief Service. From

446 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

the first days of the War, cases where personal aid could
be given were numerous, and a small room in the
Union Depot was occupied in April, 1862, for the ac-
commodation of invalid Soldiers in transit. The occa-
sional services of a nurse were secured, and the patients
fed from the depot restaurant. These limited quarters
proved inadequate, when the two years men, returning
from the lower Mississippi, brought with them so great
a number of sick and wounded. By the favor of the
railroad companies, a site was secured upon the wharf,
parallel with the Union Depot, and a building put up
for the purposes of a Soldiers' Home. This building,
which was on several subsequent occasions enlarged, was
opened on December 12th, 1863. During its existence,
nearly fifty-eight thousand Soldiers received aid and
comfort within its walls. This number comprised men
in transit, who if able to proceed upon their journey,
received only food, lodging or clothing; sick and
wounded men unequal to further travel who remained
under skilled treatment until convalescent ; patients
consigned to Camp Cleveland and awaiting transfer to
that hospital ; regiments en route for other States, upon
their discharge, who were fed and had their sick cared
for ; the sick of those Ohio troops who were entertained
upon their return by the City of Cleveland ; and dis-
charged and disabled Soldiers, awaiting the settlement
of claims for pension and bounty, or out of work and
seeking employment. The number of cases where in-
dividual relief was required made serious demands upon
the sympathy and attention of members of the Soldiers'
Aid Society, and no branch of the general work excited
more interest. In October, 1865, the furniture and out-
fit of the Soldiers1 Home, as well as the patients therein
resident, were transferred to the Home at Columbus,
O., which was maintained by the State until the general
Government could make permanent provision for its

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 447

pensioners. Two rooms in the Cleveland institution were
kept open nntil 1866, for nse in occasional cases and as a
point from which patients conld be sent to Columbus.
In June, 1866, it was finally closed and the building
sold.

The Aid Rooms were from the first a center of inquiry
regarding Soldiers in the field or in hospital, and the
society early availed itself of the Sauitary Commission's
Hospital Directory service. This record of Soldiers in
hospital in the Western Department, daily posted,
enabled the friends of a patient to obtain reliable infor-
mation regarding his condition. Through the field-
agents of the Commission, also, the graves of Union
Soldiers could be often identified and their bodies sent
home, in the care of the Cleveland office.

Another department of the Soldiers' Aid Society's
work was its employment agency, whereby occupation
was secured for disabled Soldiers which was suited to
their physical capacity. Out of three hundred applica-
tions made to this agency, situations for two hundred
and six men were obtained — an unexpected result
under the limitations of the applicants.

At the close of the War, the Cleveland Branch as-
sumed a work which the General Sanitary Commission
then laid down. The society established an agency
for the collection of pension and bounty claims, free of
charge to the Soldiers. This business was put in charge
of Jasper E. Williams, a brilliant young lawyer, whose
subsequent illness threw upon the secretary and treas-
urer of the society the conduct of the agency until it
became apparent that the work must go into other
hands. i\bout two thousand Soldiers' claims were filed,
through this agencv, and all valid ones collected with-
out charge to the applicants.

The number of Soldiers and their families relieved
through the different departments of the special relief

448 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

work reached sixty thousand five hundred and ninety-
eight ; many of these received aid through long peri-
ods, and often to a considerable amount. No statistics
can give the true record of what was asked and granted
in individual cases. The Soldiers' Home, which was
the chief channel of special relief, was conducted upon
a broad principle which allowed always of favorable
doubt in temporary cases. Its general government
rested exclusively with the Soldiers' Aid Society, either
the secretary or treasurer being in attendance every
morning at the Home office.

The financial support of the Soldiers' Aid Society
was, as a whole, purely voluntary. Contributions were
obtained by means of frequent public presentation of
the necessity for the relief work, and of the success at-
tending its operations, rather than upon direct solicita-
tion. An exception was made when for a certain period
the society asked and obtained monthly membership
fees, whereby a small but fixed income was secured.
The Soldiers' Home was also built by funds solicited
for the purpose. The general revenue of the society
was derived from the free-will gifts of the people of
Northern Ohio, either directly contributed, or received
through the frequent successful amateur entertainments.
A portion of California's grand contribution to the San-
itary Commission came to its Cleveland branch, but the
society's great work subsequent to 1864 — when several
carloads of hospital supplies were sent weekly to the
front, when the hospital steamers and trains were sup-
ported, and fifty-seven thousand five hundred and
ninety-two Soldiers were individually relieved — was
only made possible through the results of the Northern
Ohio Sanitary Fair which was opened Feb. 22, 1864.
By means of this fair, the Soldiers' Aid Society was
enabled to show at the close of its operations a grand
total of supplies disbursed amounting in value to $982,-

soldiers' axd sailors' monument. 449

481.25. To this should be added the amount in cash
paid for the special relief service $36,636.33, and $5,000
contributed to the State Soldiers' Home at Colum-
bus. The whole amount expended in the purchase of
material and vegetables and the shipping of the same
amounted to $59,993.09. The total of cash contribu-
tions received from every source during the War was
$119,938.26, advances to societies or Soldiers which were
repaid, or commissions to be executed for U. S. Sani-
tary Commission not being of course included. The
whole amount expended to 1869 was Si 15,751.28, ex-
clusive of the above commissions. The balance of cash
on hand was employed for the benefit of individual
Soldiers in the Columbus Home or in Northern Ohio,
and what remained was, in October, 1884, turned over
to the Grand Army of the Republic, in Cleveland.

The Northern Ohio Soldiers' Aid Society contribut-
ing towns were as follows :

Ashland Co., 11 towns. Kelley's Island, 1 town.

Ashtabula Co., 33 towns. Lake Co., 8 towns.
Carroll Co., 4 towns. Lawrence Co., Pa., 1 town.

Chautauqua Co., N. V., 1 Livingston Co., N. Y., 2

town. towns.

Columbiana Co., 15 towns. Lorain Co., 24 towns.
Crawford Co., Pa., 3 towns. Mahoning Co., 12 towns.
Cuyahoga Co., 26 towns. Medina Co., 18 towns.
DeerCreekCo., Pa., 1 town. Monroe Co., N. Y., 1 town.
Erie Co., 7 towns. Oakland Co., Mich., 1 town.

Erie Co., Pa., 14 towns. Olivesburgh Co., 1 town.
Geauga Co., 19 towns. Ottawa Co., 4 towns.

Hardin Co., 1 town. Portage Co., 22 towns.

Harrison Co., 1 town. Richland Co., 2 towns.

Holmes Co., 9 towns. Sandusky Co., 2 towns.

Huron Co., 18 towns. Seneca Co., 5 towns.

Jackson Co., Mich., 1 town. Stark Co., 20 towns.
Jefferson Co., 3 towns. Summit Co., 25 towns.

450 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

Trumbull Co., 28 towns. Wayne Co., 6 towns.
Tuscarawas Co., 4 towns. Williams Co., 1 town.
Warren Co., Pa., 2 towns. Wood Co., 1 town.

OFFICERS NORTHERN OHIO SOLDIERS' AID SOCIETY.

President.

Mrs. B. Rouse.

Vice- Preside n ts .

Mrs. Wm. Melhinch, Mrs. Lewis Burton,

Mrs. John Shelley, Mrs. J. A. Harris.

Secretary.
Miss Mary Clark Brayton.
Treasurer.
Miss Ellen F. Terry.
Office Assistants.
Miss Sara Mahan, Miss Carrie P. Younglove,

Mrs. Emma L. Miller.
Committees.
Mrs. Geo. A. Benedict, Mrs. Dr. Isom,

Mrs. S. Belden, Mrs. H. Iddings,

Mrs. T. Burnham, Mrs. J. Lyman,

Mrs. L. Alcott, Mrs. Joseph Lyman,

Mrs. D. Chittenden, Mrs. C. W. Lepper,

Mrs. John Coon, Mrs. Wm. Mittleberger,

Mrs. J. H. Chase, Mrs. H. Newberry,

Mrs. Wm. Collins, Mrs. Stanley Noble,

Mrs. Bolivar Butts, Mrs. Joseph Perkins,

Mrs. Hiram Griswold, Mrs. J. M. Richards,

Mrs. C. M. Giddings, Mrs. O. B. Skinner,

Mrs. Charles Hickox, Mrs. South worth,

Mrs. D. Howe, Mrs. W. T. Smith,

Mrs. L. M. Hubby, Mrs. W. E. Standart,

Mrs. J. Hay ward, Mrs. J. H. Sargent,

Mrs. W. H. Hayward, Mrs. Philo Scovill,

soldiers' and sailors' monument.

451

Mrs. C. A. Tracy, Mrs. S. Williamson,

Mrs. Peter Thatcher, Mrs. J. H. Wade,

Mrs. M. C. Younglove.

Assistants.

Mrs. H. G. Abbey,
Mrs. Dr. Arter,
Mrs. T. Bolton,
Mrs. W. J. Boardman,
Miss Bixby,
Mrs. James Barnett,
Miss Annette Barnett,
Mrs. Beverlin,
Mrs. John Crowell,
Mrs. Win. B. Castle,
Mrs. Bradford,
Mrs. S. W. Crittenden,
Mrs. Geo. B. Ely,
Mrs. A. Fuller,
Mrs. E. F. Gaylord,
Mrs. H. B. Hnrlbnt,
Mrs. vS. O. Griswold,
Mrs. Dr. Hopkins,
Mrs. G. A. Hyde,

Mrs. Hunt,
Mrs. A. M. Harman,
Mrs. A. Foote,
Mrs. T. M. Kelley,
Misses Kellogg,
Mrs. S. A. Jewett,
Mrs. R. Landerdale,
Mrs. H. H. Little,
Mrs. Dr. Long,
Mrs. Merritt,
Miss Mahan,
Miss Pickands,
Mrs. J. T. Stevens,
Mrs. A. B. Stone,
Mrs. L. Severance,
Mrs. E. Thayer,
Mrs. Dr. Thayer,
Mrs. Whitman,
Mrs. R. C. Yates.

Document Clerks.

Miss Annie Carter,
Miss Belle Carter,
Miss Annie Baldwin,
Miss Nettie Brayton,
Miss Carrie Grant,
Miss Georgia Gordon,
Miss Helen Lester,
Mrs. Geo. Mvgatt,

Mrs. F. W. Parsons,
Miss Nellie Rnssell,
Miss Mary Shelley,
Miss Sterling,
Miss Stewart,
Miss Lily Walton,
Miss Clara Woolson,
Mrs. Willey,

Miss Yaughan.

452

HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

NORTHERN' OHIO SANITARY FAIR EXECUTIVE COM-
MITTEE.

Chairman.
T. P. Handy.

Secretaries.

Mary Clark Bray ton,

Ellen

Dr. J. S. Newberry,
Joseph Perkins,
George B. Senter,
Samnel L. Mather,
Mrs. B. Rouse,
Mrs. Wm. Melhinch,
Mrs. Lewis Burton,
Mrs. J. A. Harris,
Mrs. John Shelley,

H. M. Chapin,
F. Terry.

Peter Thatcher, Jr.,
Amasa Stone, Jr.,
Stillman Witt,
Wm. B. Castle,
Mrs. Chas. A. Terry,
Mrs. Geo. A. Benedict,
Mrs. S. Williamson,
Mrs. L. M. Hubby,
Mrs. Wm. B. Castle,

CHAIRMEN OF SPECIAL COMMITTEES.

Peter Thatcher,
I. U. Masters,
T. N. Bond,
J. G. Hussey,
M. C. Younglove,
Wm. Bingham,
J. V. N. Yates,
H. F. Brayton,
John N. Frazee,
Mrs. Fayette Brown,
Mrs. A. G. Colwell,

William Edwards,
Wm. J. Boardman,
T. P. Handy,
George Willev,
D. P. Eells,
John F. Warner,
A. W. Fairbanks,
Col. W. H. Hay ward,
Mrs. Dr. E. Sterling,
Mrs. M. C. Younglove,
Mrs. T. Burnham.

MRS. BENJAMIN ROUSE.

Rebecca Cromwell was born in Salem, Mass., Oct. 30,
1799. She married Benjamin Rouse in Boston, Aug.
12, 182 1, and, after living a few years in New York City,
removed in 1830 to Cleveland, Ohio, to engage in mis-
sionary work under the auspices of the American
Sunday School Union. The early years of Mr. and

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 453

Mrs. Rouse in Cleveland were devoted to unremitting,
•earnest work in the cause of religion, and in visiting
the sick and poor. Mrs. Rouse early showed those
qualities which distinguished her after-life. She was
identified with the various charitable organizations in
Cleveland — the Dorcas Society, the charities connected
with the First Baptist Church, and the Cleveland Or-
phan Asylum, whose president she continued for many
years to be.

Mrs. Rouse was elected president of the Northern
Ohio Soldiers' Aid Society in April, 1861, and held this
office till the close of its operations. Gifted with a re-
markable degree of native eloquence, Mrs. Rouse was
able to stimulate the audiences whom she addressed in
the interests of the Sanitary Commission to a point
hardly to be reached by the most practiced orator. Her
own loyal convictions and fervent sympathies were trans-
lated into simple yet forcible language, intelligible to
all who heard her.

She visited Wheeling, Ya., in 1S61, Louisville and
Perry ville, Ky., in 1862. In the latter year, she went
with some other members of the society to Pittsburg
Landing, on the second trip of the hospital steamer
Lancaster, No. 2. The information she gathered dur-
ing these journeys was communicated on her return to
the societies of eager workers in Northern Ohio.

Mrs. Rouse's personality was undoubtedly a powerful
element in the success of the Soldiers' Aid Society.
With her small, erect figure and shrewd, kindly coun-
tenance, she conveyed the impression of quick intelli-
gence and decision of character to all with whom she
came in contact. Her nature was possessed of great
strength, patience and endurance, which her delicate
physical constitution hardly foretold.

With the close of the Sanitary Commission operations,
Mrs. Rouse's connection with public charities ceased,

454 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

save that she continued as its president her active in-
terest in the Orphan Asylum. She died Dec. 23, 1887,
peacefully, in the fullness of years, leaving behind her
the record of a long life, worthily spent.

MRS. WILLIAM MELHIXCH.

Mrs. William Melhinch, whose maiden name was
Rosamond Spooner Dexter, was a native of Ogdens-
burgh, New York, and came to Cleveland to live in
1850, Mr. Melhinch being a commission merchant in
this city. She was elected vice-president of the Sol-
diers' Aid Society at its inauguration and continued in
office throughout the War. Her special work lay in the
superintendence of the hospital stores — in their recep-
tion and repacking — and the influence of her joyous,
sunny nature was felt not only by her associates, but by
the soldier-visitors to the Aid Rooms to whose wants
she ministered. Mrs. Melhinch died in Cleveland in
1888, after many years of grief and suffering. Her
memory is honored by those friends who survive her
for the loving nature and patient courage which she
manifested under all circumstances of personal trial.
She was the last to realize her own worth, or to believe
herself entitled to commendation.

MRS. JOHN SHELLEY.

Clarinda Russell was born in Adams, N. Y.,Juue 7th,
1820, and was married to Mr. John Shelley, of Cleve-
land, January 17th, 1840. Actively engaged from her
early connection with Trinity Church, Cleveland, in the
charities of that parish, she was known as a woman of
ability in affairs and possessed of excellent judgment.
In April, 1861, she was elected vice-president of the
Soldiers' Aid Society, which office she held until early
in 1S63, when she tendered her resignation, upon
her temporary removal from Cleveland. During her

SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS' MONUMENT. 455

connection with the society, she gave it her time and
the benefit of her practical knowledge in executive
matters. In the direction of the work room, and in the
councils of the office, she was always to be depended
upon for calm, reasonable judgment, and unswerving
devotion to the interests of the society. Mrs. Shelley
died in Cleveland, August 27, 1877.

MRS. LEWIS BURTON.

Mrs. Lewis Burton, wife of Rev. Lewis Burton, Rector
of St. John's Church, of Cleveland, West Side, succeeded
Mrs. Shelley as vice-president. Mrs. Burton's term of
office extended to November 1, 1864, when she resigned
the position. Her services were most valuable to the
Soldiers' Aid Society as representing its interests to
members who living at a somewhat greater distance
from the central office were yet among the most constant
contributors to its stores. Mrs. Burton was very faithful
in the duties of her position, and her withdrawal was
greatly regretted by her associates.

MRS. JOSIAH A. HARRIS.

Mrs. Harris was born in Egremont, Mass., in 18 10,.
and removed at an early age to Ridgeville, Ohio, with
her parents. On her marriage in 1830 to Mr. J. A.
Harris, she came to Cleveland, where she has since
lived. Mr. Harris was connected with the Cleveland
Herald during almost his entire life in this city and
was distinguished by his literary appreciation and quick
sympathies. Mrs. Harris has been connected with many
forms of charitable work since her marriage, and has
seen the growth of the city of Cleveland from its feeble
beginnings to its present development. On the organi-
zation of the Soldiers' Aid Society, she became one of
its most active and valuable members, present almost
every day at the store-room, engaged in the business
of the special committee of which she was chairman,

456 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

and also in attendance at the Soldiers' Home, when
regiments were to be entertained, or an increased num-
ber of sick Soldiers required care. On the retirement
of Mrs. Lewis Burton, Mrs. Harris was elected vice-
president, November 1, 1864, an office for which her long
familiarity with the work of the society and her devo-
tion to its interests had peculiarly fitted her. Mrs.
Harris is still living in Cleveland, and in full sympathy
with the charities with which her life has been asso-
ciated.

MARY CLARK BRAYTOX.

None who ever knew Mary Clark Bray ton could fail
to be impressed with the strength and individuality of
her character. Strong to bear, as she was quick to feel
and prompt to act, her nature was marked by a depth
and breadth which disclosed no symptom of over-
growth, or partial development. This conscious power
enabled her to assume and bear the burdens of lives in
close association with her own, to hold them in sacred
trust, so long as her ability to serve should last.

At the outbreak of the War, her mind found in the
Sanitary Commission work a field for the exercise of
powers whose activity had been hitherto comparatively
limited. It had noble work to engage her matured in-
tellect, arousing its resources and bringing into play her
remarkable executive abilities, while touching the
springs of passionate enthusiasm. Of the officers of the
Soldiers' Aid Society, elected in April, 1861, to direct
its work, none save Mrs. Rouse, the president, had
been accustomed to public service, or, indeed, to trained
work of any kind. As secretary of the Cleveland
branch of the U. S. Sanitary Commission, Miss Brayton
met the demands of an unprecedented and comprehen-
sive office with quick resource and inexhaustible energy.
Her correspondence with the five or six hundred soci-
eties which coniDosed the Northern Ohio Soldiers' Aid

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 457

Society exemplifies — perhaps more than any one thing —
her intellectual resources. She maintained constant
intercourse with each of them throughout the War,
explaining to them the Sanitary Commission system,
aiding in the solution of local difficulties, stimulating
them with information from the seat of war, always en-
couraging them with her own belief in the efficacy of
the relief work. There are twenty-one volumes pre-
served of the letters from these auxiliary societies, but
the collection is incomplete without those of the secre-
tary of the central office.

In the interests of the supply work, Miss Brayton
visited Washington in 1861, at the time of the first
battle of Bull Run, and again in 1S62, when the great
rotunda was filled with empty beds waiting for the
wounded from the battle of Antietam, and the city
hospitals were overflowing with patients. In April,
1862, Miss Brayton visited Nashville, where, on the fall
of Fort Donaldson, a depot of supplies was established,
and on the news of the battle of Shiloh, went down to
Pittsburg Landing on the first steamer which carried
relief to the wounded. In October, 1862, she visited,
with Mrs. Rouse, the hospitals at Perryville, and in
May, 1863, accompanied Dr. Read, Sanitary Com-
mission Inspector, to Louisville, Nashville and Mur-
freesboro.

The history of the supply work Miss Brayton has
herself recorded, with the operations of the Sanitary
Fair. She was not less interested in the special relief
service. With the close of the operations of the
Soldiers' Aid Society, and the issuing of its final report
in 1869, Miss Brayton's public service ceased; her na-
ture, too deeply drawn upon, on its intellectual and
emotional sides, needed temporary repose. That her
subsequent life was clouded by illness and was all too
brief, seems now but a tale that is told, since what she

458 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

hoped for has at last been realized, in God's own time
and way.

Measured by time and in the light of human seeing,
the life of Mary Clark Brayton seems sadly short, for
she died in 1879; but measured by energy and work ac-
complished, who can call it incomplete?

ELLEN FRANCES TERRY.

Ellen Frances Terry was born in Cleveland, Ohio, on
December 26, 1837, and was the daughter of Charles
Augustus Terry, M. D., and Julia E. Woodbridge, his
wife.

On the organization of the Soldiers' Aid Society in
1861, she was elected its treasurer, which office she held
throughout the society's existence. Her duties com-
prised not only those specially appertaining to her
office, but the keeping of the records of receipts and
disbursements of hospital stores. Her warmest interest
lay in the special relief work, especially in the Soldiers'
Home, built through the efforts of Mrs. Win. Melhinch
and herself, and to which a large part of her time was
devoted. The history of the special relief service in
the final report of the society, with the accompanying
detailed tables and the statistics of disbursements of
stores, are Miss Terry's work.

In 1872, Miss Terry left Cleveland upon the death of
her parents, and in 18S1 accepted the office of general
secretary of the State Charities Aid Association, of New
York City. This position she held for two years, re-
signing it, upon her marriage, in 1883, to Charles Fred-
erick Johnson, M. A., Professor of English Literature
in Trinity College, Hartford, Conn.

SARA MAHAN,

Sara Mahan was the daughter of the Rev. Asa Mahan,
first President of Oberlin College. She was born May
4th, 1840, and early adopted the profession of a teacher,

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 459

in which her success was very remarkable. She entered
the office of the Soldiers' Aid Society, August, 1862,
with an unusual equipment of methodical training and
business experience. In the rush of impetuous fervor
which, with its passion of generous giving, at times
severely tried the resources of the Aid Society, such
qualities as Miss Mahan possessed were most valuable.
In the printing office, where she acted as forewoman in
charge of the amateur corps, she rendered most efficient
service, as well as in the clerical work, which was her
chief employment.

The strain of these duties was severe, and from their
effects Miss Mahan never entirely recovered. At the
close of the War she took up other occupations, which
her failing health compelled her to lay aside, one after
another. But neither illness nor the sure decay of
her physical nature could conquer the resolute will
and indomitable courage. The end was long delayed, but
came at last, on the twenty-second day of January, 1875.

Associated with Miss Mahan in her sanitary work,
and in close friendship, was

MRS. EMMA L. MILLER,

whose connection with the Society extended from April,
1864, to October, 1865, when, at the strong recommenda-
tion of the Cleveland Branch Sanitary Commission, she
was appointed to the position of matron of the State
Soldiers' Home at Columbus, Ohio. On the establish-
ment of the National Home for Disabled Soldiers at
Dayton, Ohio, she received the commission of matron,
and has since that period performed the important and
comprehensive duties of the office with the same energy,
wisdom and executive ability that was indicated in the
Sanitary Commission days.

CARRIE P. VOUNGLOVE.

Associated with the Soldiers' Aid Society through

460 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

almost its entire history, Miss Younglove, though not
officially connected with it, must always be identified
with its work. In the little Aid Room office, overseeing
the body of youthful document clerks, setting up type
at the forms in the third story of 89 Bank Street, she
was constant to whatever duties for the time engaged
her, and brought into all her own personal enthusiasm.
It was Miss Younglove who, by her personal efforts,
aided in the establishment of the Sanitary Commission
gardens in Tennessee, and who, visiting them a year
later, when in successful operation, wrote from Chatta-
nooga such charming accounts of the results. Miss
Younglove accompanied the Sanitary Inspector, in 1863,
on an extended tour of the hospitals in Kentucky and
Tennessee, and her letters from various points visited
are remarkable for their vivid descriptions and general
literary merit. She married Major Willard Abbott, of
Rochester, N. Y., and now lives in Cleveland.

.MRS. PETER THATCHER.

Mrs. Thatcher was born in Arlington, Mass., January
20th, 1820. She came to Cleveland in 1S50 with her
husband, Peter Thatcher, a noted engineer and bridge
builder. Mrs. Thatcher was one of the first volunteers
in the Sanitary Commission service, and the last to be
mustered out at the close of the War. Unfailing in her
attendance at the Aid Rooms, her important duties
upon the Committee on Fruit and Groceries were
scrupulously performed so long as the necessity for
such services lasted. No picture of the old store-room
at 95 Bank Street, in the minds of the survivors of that
busy corps of workers, would be complete without the
figure of Mrs. Thatcher. Quick, alert, cheerful, inde-
fatigable, she was also as ready for service at the
Soldiers' Home when occasion required. Her husband
always remained the Soldiers' Aid Society's firm friend

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 461

and counsellor. Since his death, Mrs. Thatcher has
continued to live in Cleveland, and is still interested in
the local charities, with which she has been long con-
nected— the Dorcas and Humane Societies and the
Woman's College and Hospital.

It has fallen to the only survivor of the office corps of
the Soldiers' Aid Society to commemorate its work, and
to prepare this memorial sketch of her associates.
Those whose figures the panel has preserved do but
typify the patriotism of the women of Northern Ohio in
the War, and personal eulogy would do their memory
wrong. This they neither desired nor felt it deserved,
believing the cause they served worthy even the great
price that was paid for it. To find their work worthy
of record beside that of the Soldiers of the Union is all

that they would claim.

Ellen Terrv Johnson.

THE SISTER OF CHARITY.

In the memorial panel devoted to the recognition of
the valuable aid of the patriotic women of our county,
the architect and sculptor fittingly includes and im-
mortalizes a representative of the Order of the Sisters
of Charity, whose work was for the whole country. In
the midst of battle, wherever there was death or suf-
fering, the kindly Sister was always to be found.
With many of the women of the War, more or less of
personal interest was mingled with patriotic fervor.
Their love for the general cause was deeper because in-
terpreted to them by individual sympathy for its de-
fenders. In the hospital work of the Sisters of Charity
this element was entirely wanting. Love for man as
the creation of (rod's hand — not as brother, father, or
husband — inspired them, and filled them with a divine
compassion which had no root in personal feeling.
Their work on battlefield and in hospital is too well

462 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

known to need recapitulation. Their name has become
a synonym for devotion to the sick and wounded, irre-
spective of flag, creed, or race — of calm, unshrinking
courage and limitless self-sacrifice. -They represent on
the Soldiers' Aid Society panel another side of the same
o-reat principle which animated home and cloister in
those strenuous days. The devoted work .of the Sisters
of Charity during the War created for that band of
heroic women the respect and admiration of every loyal
American.

LUCY WEBB HAYES.

In this, the first memorial erected to the women of
the War days, the thoughtful sculptor recognizes a
daughter of Ohio, whose gracious womanhood may
well be claimed by all its citizens.

We are pleased to be able to give a full sketch of one
of America's noblest and gentlest women :

Lucy Webb Hayes was the only daughter of Dr.
James Webb and Maria Cook, and was born at
Chillicothe, Ohio, August 28, 1831. Both of her grand-
fathers, three of her great-grandfathers, and two of her
great-great-grandfathers served in the Revolutionary
War in regiments of the Connecticut and Virginia Line.
Awards of land made them in return for military
service lead to the ultimate transfer of the family resi-
dence to Kentucky and Ohio.

Her father, Dr. James Webb, when quite young,
served in the War of 181 2 as a member of the
Kentucky Mounted Riflemen, and was a member of
Ball's Squadron, which had several engagements with
the Indians just south of Lower Sandusky, now Fre-
mont, Ohio, prior to the memorable defense of Ft.
Stephenson by Major Croghan on the 2nd of August,
1813. Dr. Webb died while at Lexington, Kentucky,
whither he had gone from Ohio to arrange for manu-

LUCY WEBB HAYES IN FIELD HOSPITAL AT FREDERICK,
MARYLAND, AFTER BATTLE OF ANTIETAM, 1862.

PUBLIC Lm,

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 465

mitting the slaves of his inheritance, with the intention
of sending them to Liberia. This trip occurred during
the cholera scourge of 1833, and, being a physician, he
lingered among his old-time friends with a loyalty unto
death, giving them care and medical attendance until
he himself was stricken fatally by the disease.

Most of the years of Mrs. Hayes' childhood were
passed with her mother at Chillicothe, and at the home
of her grandfather, Judge Isaac Cook, who had served
through the Revolutionary War in the regiment of his
father, Col. Isaac Cook, of Connecticut, and had re-
moved to Chillicothe, the first capital of Ohio, in 1791,
and who for fifty years was one of the foremost men of
his time, serving the State in legislative and judicial
positions for more than thirty years. After the death ot
her husband, Mrs. Webb removed to Delaware, in order
to be near the Ohio Wesleyan University, where her sons
were being educated. Her estate was sufficient to give
her children a careful education. Lucy studied with
her brothers and recited to the college professors. When
her brothers began their studies in the medical college,
she entered Wesleyan Female College at Cincinnati,
the first chartered college for young women in America,
and was graduated in the class of 1851, being then in
her nineteenth year. While living in Delaware, she
had met young Rutherford B. Hayes, who was on a
visit to the place of his birth. In a little over a year
after the close of her school days, she joined hands,
hearts and fortunes with the young lawyer who had
also settled in Cincinnati, and on the 30th of December,
1852, she became his bride.

At the breaking out of the W7ar of the Rebellion, her
family consisted of her husband, her mother, two
brothers and her four little boys. Her husband and
both of her brothers immediately entered the Army,
and from that time until the close of the War her home

466 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

was a refuge for wounded, sick and furloughed Soldiers
going to or returning from the front. She spent two
Winters in camp with her husband, while he was
colonel of the 23rd Ohio. The members of the 23rd
first saw her at the camp of instruction at Columbus in
June and July, 1861, saw her as they inarched to take
the cars for their first campaign in West Virginia. From
that da}' until the dedication of the regimental monu-
ment in Woodland Cemetery in 1865, they were
conscious of her unremitting efforts for their comfort
and their benefit. They well remember her numerous
visits to the camps in Virginia, the light that accom-
panied her, the cheery, joyous nature which softened
every heart, the happy effect of the glowing face and
sweet rich voice by the side of the wounded or the
homesick boy. She was the ideal Mother; so when
her baby boy died in camp, the whole regiment
mourned with her, and provided a guard to carry the
remains lovingly to Ohio for interment.

She was at home during the bloody Antietam Cam-
paign in 1862, in which the 23rd suffered so severely,
her own husband being among the wounded. With
what promptitude she made her way to the scene of
action, with what energy she prosecuted her search for
days through the various hospitals for her husband, and
then, when he wras found, how unselfishly were her
ministrations bestowed upon all who suffered. She
remained until the other wounded members of the
regiment were able to be moved to Ohio ; then, after
the farewell visit to the battlefield, she started for
Ohio with the convalescing officers and men of the
regiment, accompanied by one assistant, and succeeded
in placing them in their homes after a memorable trip.
She afterwards spent the Winters of 62-63 and 63-64
with the regiment in camp, only leaving after the
regiment had started on the memorable Sheridan Cam-

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 467

paign of 1864, when with the sick, wounded and non-
combatants she returned to Ohio, the regiment being
cheered by the farewell in her own rich tones, which
was wafted to them as they ascended the mountains of
Virginia. And at the close, when the plaudits of a
grateful people greeted the returning veterans in the
capital — the capital of a Nation indeed — she was there
witnessing the bearing of her own brave boys, in the
glowing pride of a true mother.

The soldiers were all great favorites of hers, and as
an illustration of their love, nothing more beautiful can
show it than the silver plate presented to her by the
members of the 23rd Regiment, O. V. I., at the time of
her silver wedding, which was celebrated at the White
House in 1877. At the top of the plate is a representa-
tion of the tattered regimental flags and the dates 1852-
1S77. Under the inscription is a log cabin, a representa-
tion of the one Col. and Mrs. Hayes occupied while
they spent the winter in Western Virginia. Just below
the flags, in a semi-circle, is inscribed :

To the Mother op Ours.
From the 23rd O. V. I.
To thee, " Our Mother," on thy silver troth,
We bring this token of our love, thy " boys"
(rive greeting unto thee with brimming hearts.
Take it, for it is made of beaten coin,
Drawn from the hoarded treasures of thy speech.
Kind words and gentle, when a gentle word
Was worth the surgery of an hundred schools,
To heal sick thought, and make our bruises whole.
Take it, " Our Mother," 'tis but some small part
Of thy rare bounty we give back to thee.
And while love speaks in silver from our hearts,
We'll bribe old Father Time to spare his gift.

After the close of the War she accompanied her hus-
band to Washington, while he was a member of Con-
gress, and was one of the originators of the Ohio
Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans' Home, at Xenia, Ohio,

468 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

and on its Board of Directors prior to its adoption by
the State. Upon the election of her husband as Gov-
ernor of Ohio, she removed to Columbus, and during his
three terms as Governor took an active interest in the
charitable institutions of the State, particularly in the
Soldiers' Orphans' Home.

In 1877, she accompanied her husband to Washing-
ton, and, at his inauguration as President of the United
States, is thus described by Mary Clemmer : "Meanwhile,
on this man, of whom every one in the Nation is this
moment thinking, a fair woman between two little
children looks down. She has a singularly gentle and
winning face. It looks out from the bands of smooth
dark hair with that tender light in the eyes which we
have come to associate always with the Madonna. I
have never seen such a face reign in the White House.
I wonder what the world of Vanity Fair will do with it?
Will it friz that hair? powder that face? draw those
sweet, fine lines away with pride? bare those shoulders?
shorten those sleeves? hide John Wesley's discipline
out of sight, as it poses and minces before the first lady
of the land? What will she do with it, this woman of
the hearth and home? Strong as she is fair, will she
have the grace to use it as not abusing it; to be in it,
yet not of it; priestess of a religion pure and undefiled,
holding the white lamp of her womanhood, unshaken
and unsullied, high above the heated crowd that fawns,
flatters and soils? The Lord in Heaven knows. All
that I know is that Mr. and Mrs. Hayes are the finest
looking type of man and woman that I have seen take
up their abode in the White House."

Mrs. Hayes' well known earnestness of conviction
on the subject of temperance was inherited from her
grandfather, Judge Cook, and from her mother, who was
a woman of unusual strength of character and deep
religious convictions. The inherent feeling was fostered

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 469

throughout her school-girl days. To her deep and in-
born conviction it was her nature to be true through all
the circumstances of her life. This high loyalty, shaped
simply and naturally, and therefore consistently, was
followed through all her years, in the ways of her home
life, the manner of her hospitalities and her custom in
society, as she moved through them, the wife of a pri-
vate citizen, and during the twenty years of her hus-
band's public life as a Union General, Member of Con-
gress, a Governor of her native State, and the President
of the greatest Nation of the world. At the time of her
death, the Star of Washington contained the following,
with reference to her life in that city: "She was a
woman of education and refinement. She understood
the art of entertaining better than most women even in
high social position do. She knew how to make the
greater and the less alike feel perfectly at home and
enjoy themselves when at her house. Few women would
have attempted what she did successfully, to entertain
entirely without the use of wines at table. It was well
known to her that she must make up in some way for
the absence of wine at diplomatic dinners, or must so
arrange these occasions as not to make its absence in-
appropriate. In her efforts to dispense with the use of
wine she had the support of her husband, but the very
active opposition of the Secretary of State. It was a
struggle between the Premier and the President's wife,
and the latter, of course, won. But the scheme Mrs.
Hayes devised to meet the difficulty was at once original
and very clever. When the time arrived for the diplo-
matic dinner, instead of the small assemblage of deco-
rated diplomats in the state dining-room, she struck
upon the idea of a large reception.

"Tables were spread in the ordinary and the state
dining-room, and in the offices and lobbies up-stairs,
where one might sit or stand, as she or he preferred.

470 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

A magnificent dinner was served, an abundance of
everything that goes to make the finest banquet com-
plete, except the wine. The impropriety of serving
wine to such an assemblage was considered by Mrs.
Haves as excuse enough for not having it ; but she
made up for its absence by the quality of the dinner.
No expense was spared. This was the style of her
diplomatic dinners during the whole four years."

And the Post of Washington as follows: "Long be-
fore she became first lady of the land was laid the
foundation of a deep and sincere admiration. As the
wife of a young lawyer, the Soldier, General, and the
Governor of Ohio, she fulfilled her part, stood as help-
meet and co-laborer with the same sweetness and grace
that made hers one of the most memorable of White
House reigns. Her success at the White House was
marvelous, and was due to a combination of qualities,
rare as it is delightful. A striking, brilliant face, a keen
mentality and a gentle heart, made up a personality
that weighed against political prejudices. It was this
magnetic personality that conducted her safely, and
with honor to herself and the Nation, through all the
diplomatic and social pitfalls of her high position ; a
kindly, cordial nature, of an unfailing sweetness and
ready sympathy which transcend all the acquired
graces of earth and grapple friendship with 'hooks of
steel.' "

After leaving Washington, the Woman's Christian
Temperance Union presented her full-length portrait to
be hung in the White House. Mrs. Hayes returned to
her dearly loved home, Spiegel Grove, at the expiration
of General Hayes' term as President in 1881, and re-
sumed her active interest in her home and church. In
her early childhood, she had joined the Methodist
Church and remained a consistent member up to the
day of her death. She was elected the first pres-

SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS' MONUMENT. 47 1

ident of the Woman's Home Missionary Society of
the Methodist Church and gave much time to the duties
of the office, attending the many meetings of the
society in the different cities of the Union. She accom-
panied her husband on his numerous trips to attend the
meetings of the many educational, reformatory and
charitable societies and associations with which he was
connected, and was a regular attendant at the Annual
Reunion of the old 23rd Regiment and of the Army of
West Virginia. She was an honorary member of the
Society of the Army of West Virginia, of the 23rd
Regiment Association and a member of the Women's
Relief Corps, whose badge was presented to her by the
Department of Ohio, "in loving recognition of her
distinguished services in behalf of the Union Veteran
and his children. April 18, l888."

She died at Spiegel Grove, June 25, 18S9, while
around her bedside were gathered her husband, her
daughter and four sons. Her sons and nephews bore
her body to the grave, and in accordance with her
expressed wish the members of the Old Twenty-Third
acted as the Guard of Honor, while the local Grand
Army Post preceded the funeral cortege.

The Sabbath succeeding the death of Mrs. Hayes,
the eloquent Rev. George WT. Pepper paid her memory
the following touching and beautiful tribute in a ser-
mon delivered by him in the Methodist Church at Ash-
land, Ohio, before a crowded audience :

"The last knell has tolled — the last psalm has been
sung, the curfew of a noble life has sounded. The
church she loved so well has breathed its sacred bene-
dictions over her grave ! A beautiful Christian life has
become immortal. Her soul was like one of the grand
cathedrals of the ages of faith, where you go from one
shrine to another — each more beautiful than the last,
each dedicated to some new virtue, until you reach the

4/2 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

innermost shrine, and there are concealed the most
sacred relics. We have seen this church draped in
mourning when the strength of manhood was struck
down ! We have beheld the brightness and the beauty
of yonth with the Summer dawning upon its brow,
checked in its flood — bnt never before have we felt so
keenly the loss of one of the noblest of American
women ! For her life was a grand illustration of Amer-
ican practical wisdom, American hospitality, American
womanhood and American patriotism.

"'The age of chivalry is past,' exclaimed the philo-
sophic Edmund Burke, in one of those great passages
of his eloquence — eloquence which recalls the great im-
mortals of the past — when his own noble nature flashed
out in sacred indignation at the insult which France
had offered to a beautiful woman. He was mistaken!
Who that ever heard these Soldiers tell with quivering
lips and cheeks wet with tears of the thousand generous
and enthusiastic acts of kindness of the noble and
gifted lady whom we have lost, rendered to them in the
dark and the somber hours of war in the hospital, in
the tent, upon the battlefield, without feeling and
vividly realizing that the age of chivalry, the chivalry
of the heart, was not past, but lived and shone resplen-
dently in the life of Mrs. Hayes. They will tell you
how she encouraged, cheered and inspired them! How
her calm and hopeful words brought memories of home!
How she transformed the bed of torture into one of
flowers.

"In the midst of a career of usefulness to the church
and to the country, with the glowing prospects of life
before her, she is snatched away from the husband
whom she adored, and from children whom she loved.
That gallant heart of her husband, which never quailed
in battle — now prostrate with indescribable grief! Oh!
what a tie of conjugal sympathy has burst asunder!

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 473

what a beautiful vine has fallen ! And now that she
has gone beyond the cedars and the stars — now that the
passionate tears of friends are staunched — now that
private love and public sympathy have shown their
sorrow — now that the echoes of that winning voice
upon which scores have hung enraptured will never
greet mortal ears again, — let us not suppose that the
splendid mind is crushed, or that the noble heart has
ceased to beat its benevolent pulsations for the cause of
humanity which is the cause of Christianity in its best
and grandest signification.'"

HOW THE MONEY FOR THE MONUMENT WAS EXPENDED
AND PROVIDED — COST OF MEMORIAL.

The Leader reporter, after an exhaustive examination
of the books and accounts, thus shows how the money
generously contributed by the tax-payers of the county
was expended :

" After the question, ' How much did it cost?' comes
that of 'Where did the money go?' The funds used in
the construction of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument
went through a great number of channels and in a di-
versity of ways. A portion of the work was done by
contract, but by far the greater portion of it on the day's
work plan. All of it was under the personal supervision
of the members of the Commission. Some of them were
on hand constantly to observe the progress of the con-
struction, and no move of any consequence was made
unless by their direction. During the first years of the
existence of the Commission, little actual construction
work was done, the preliminaries requiring a great deal
of attention. When the plans had progressed suffi-
ciently to permit of definite arrangements being entered
into, permission was obtained from the Legislature to
make use of unoccupied city property, and a studio was
built in the rear of the City Hall for the use of the
sculptors and architect.

4/4 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

" The first voucher of the Commission upon the
County Auditor was issued July 2, 188S, it being for an
estimate of $185.93, for Andrew Dall, Jr., on brick-work.
During the period including December 31, of the same
year, 155 vouchers were issued, involving a total ex-
penditure of $6,020.97. These covered the wages of
several sculptors, models, and clay modelers, and sup-
plies of various sorts for the studio, besides the other
expenses of the studio work. This part of the work
paid several comfortable salaries during the first four or
five years after actual operations began. There were
three sculptors, assistants to Capt. Levi T. Scofield, who
made the clay models from which the figures in the
various groups were formed, two of whom were paid
$40, and the third $35 per week. A clay modeler, at
$3.50 per day, was employed for a long time, and in
addition there were a number of living models, who
posed for the figures in the various groups and panels.
These were of both sexes, and were employed as the
necessity arose, except in the case of one, Timothy
Fogarty, who has been in the employ of the Commis-
sion as model and man-of-all-work ever since work was
started.

" When another year had rolled around, the vouchers
issued numbered 535, with an expenditure of $22,999.31
for the year 1889, making a total of $29,020.28. The
first payment for bronze work was made on May 14,
1889, when Bureau Bros., bronze founders, of Philadel-
phia, received the first estimate of $800 on the infantry
group. On September 17, 1889, an estimate of $4,000
was approved for Bureau Bros., on the infantry group,
and another of $2,000 for the Ames Manufacturing Com-
pany, on the artillery group. The Ames Manufacturing
Company received a second estimate on November 12,
1889, of $2,500 on the cavalry group, and Bureau Bros,
received $3,000 on the infantry group on December 10

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 475

of the same year. A short time later, Bureau Bros, re-
ceived $2,000 more on the infantry group, and on May
10, 1890, that firm received an additional $400 on the
same contract.

" The first payment for the marble was on June 27,
1890, when the Baynes Tracery and Mosaic Company,
of New York, received $1,947.71 on the marble tablets
containing the names of the Soldiers. On July 3, of the
same year, payment of $766.04 was made on the tablets,
and other vouchers on the same pieces were approved
in rapid succession for some time, the total cost of the
tablets being $11,161.98. Bills for stone, bronze and
marble, and material not contracted for, used in the
construction of the Monument, flowed in rapidly from
this time. On December 30, 1890, voucher No. 915
was approved, and the aggregate then reached $54,-
610.03.

" The thousand mark was passed in 1891, and voucher
No. 1272, for the services of Lewis Morroni, clay mod-
eler, $21, was approved on December 29. The total
expenditures of the Commission were now $92,762.13.
When December 27, 1892, was reached, the final meet-
ing of the Commission for that year was held, and
voucher No. 1401 was approved. This brought the ex-
penses so far incurred up to $136,265.03.

" Payments on the bronzes had been made with fre-
quency during the year, and that item of expense was
well out of the way. The cost of the various pieces was
as follows : Bureau Bros., the Amazonian statue of Lib-
erty, the capital of the shaft, and pedestal of the statue,
seven bronze busts, four trophy panels for the outside
groups, and four bands to surround the shaft and con-
tain the names of the principal battles participated in
by Cuyahoga County Soldiers, $20,000 ; infantry group,
'The Color Guard,' $11,000; interior panels, $5,500;
the Ames Manufacturing Company, of Chicopee, Mass.,

476 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

the artillery group, $6,000 ; cavalry group, $6,985 ; four
bronze doors, four grill doors, two eagles, etc., $12,100;
American Bronze Company, of Chicago, navy group,
' Mortar Practice,1 $4,850.

" Voucher No. 1606 was reached on December 30,
1893, when the aggregate amount paid out reached
$238,134.29. The expenditures of the year 1893 were
the heaviest in the history of the Monument, $101,-
869.26 being paid out. The total cost of the Monument
up to June 4, 1894, was $272,835.78, which was divided
as follows: sculptors, $19,390.85; living models, $2,879;
plaster modelers, $4,387.79 ; materials and patterns,
54,464.05; building and incidentals, $19,520.62; bronze,
$68,872.73; marble, $25,525.16 ; stone, $18,228.17; mis-
cellaneous, $7,919.81 ; material for construction, $99,-
969.13; interest, $1,678.47.

" Among the items of the cost of the Monument, the
expenses of the litigation with the City and with indi-
viduals take a comfortable slice. The sum of $2,500
was required to cover this item alone. There were no
Court costs to pay, as the Commission won its case, but
there were attorneys to provide for, and some minor
bills for printing and clerical work to liquidate. The
case of the Monument Commission was placed in the
hands of Judge J. M. Jones and Loren Prentiss, Esq.
The services of Colonel A. T. Brinsmade were also made
use of, but the latter refused to receive any compensa-
tion. Mr. Prentiss entered on the case, intending to
give his services free, as it was then thought that the
litigation would be brief. It was soon seen, however,
that the Commission had a long fight ahead, and Mr.
Prentiss was properly recompensed for his efforts in
behalf of occupying the southeast section of the Public
Square as a site for the Monument. He was paid several
fees, ranging from $100 to $250 each, the aggregate being
in the neighborhood of $1,000. Judge Jones was paid for

SOLDIERS1 AND SAILORS' MONUMENT. 477

his services at one time, receiving $1,239, of which $39
was for incidental expenses. Another item in the cost
was that of electrical appliances, the heaters, the elec-
trolier, and chandeliers, costing $6,000. The granite
shaft, which weighs in the neighborhood of 140 tons,
and consists of ten immense blocks, cost $4,250, and
was furnished by Joseph Carabelli. The platforms and
steps cost $15,961.45."

The entire cost of the Memorial and its surroundings,
including interest on the anticipated collection of taxes,
aggregate in round figures $280,000. Not a dollar of
this amount has passed through the hands of the Com-
mission, all moneys being collected by the Countv
Treasurer, and paid out by him on warrants drawn bv
the County xAuditor, when ordered so to do in writing
by the Monument Executive Committee and it s Secre-
tary.

The sum of 8270,000 was raised by public taxation;
$7,750 from interest on money in the county treasury
pending the erection of the Monument, loaned out to
banks by the Commission ; and $2,250 from advertise-
ments on the fence surrounding the Memorial during
its construction. Total, $280,000.

The erection of the Memorial was handled with con-
summate skill by our careful and reliable contractors,
Col. A. McAllister and Mr. Andrew Dall. We are
deeply gratified to be able to say that from the begin-
ning of the work until its close, they performed their
important part so judiciously that not a life or limb was
lost ; neither was any part of the Memorial broken or
injured, — another proof that the Lord looked with favor
on our undertaking, in addition to the fact that master
builders did highly creditable work. The contractors
for bronze, granite, marble, tablets, windows, stone and
all other work did their respective parts to the satisfac-
tion of the Commission.

XXV.

THE DEDICATORY EXERCISES — THE PRAYERS, SPEECHES,

SONGS AND POEM — THE APPEARANCE

OF THE CITY.

THE Editor of the Plain Dealer was enthusiastic
over the dedicatory exercises. Here is what
he said :

"The morning of the Fourth was delightful, and all
•day there was a good breeze from the lake. If the day
had been made to order it could not have been more
charming.

"When the bands struck up in the Square at 9
o'clock, thousands of people were present to listen to the
music as it filled the air. It was manifest that all Na-
ture had conspired with the people to make the day
memorable for its beauty and the celebration.

"The school children, in gay attire, with flags in
their hands, filled the vast amphitheater, and by their
songs and appearance made a charming feature of the
day. Mr. Stewart was at his best, and called out much
praise for the part he did in bringing the children out.

"It was a grand sight to behold; the thousands of
children embowered with the red, white and blue flags,
the old Soldiers standing above them as sentinels, em-
blems of the past, yet living witnesses of the heroic
deeds by which the Union was saved; then far out be-
yond, the upturned faces of the people, who had gath-
ered by thousands to commemorate this most glorious
day in the history of this country, while they assisted
in dedicating the Monument, erected to the memory of
their kindred who fought to save the Union.

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 479

"The disposition of the people was as cheerful and
lovely as the day, and when Governor McKinley rose
to speak, it was soon made manifest that the crowd was
glad to greet him and hear him. The Governor was at
his best, and his speech is full of eloquent passages,
patriotism and sound sense.

" The reading of the Declaration of Independence by
Hon. Virgil P. Kline could not have been done better,
for he believes every word of that great state paper, and
he made it deeply impressive by his excellent voice and
his sincerity.

" The orator of the day, ex-Governor Foraker, never
appeared to greater advantage or before a grander audi-
ence. His oration was full of brilliant passages that
sparkled with keen tact, insight and genius. Read the
oration and you will be proud of the speaker and the
State which he honors. If he pricks you politically, it
will be with a keen blade.

" Grand as were the speeches, they were equaled by
the magnificent display of the parade. The citizens of
Cleveland had an object lesson in the industrial and
commercial exhibits such as should make them proud
of their city. Hundreds said, as the great procession
passed : ' We did not know Cleveland could make such
a display.' It was but the foretaste of the Greater
Cleveland.

" All honor to the old Soldiers. Words of ours can
never do them justice. We could but thank God and
take courage as they inarched through the streets in
such goodly numbers, setting example to the younger
companies who bore themselves so well. We cannot
go into particulars, for every military company deserves
great credit, as well as the civic societies for giving aid,
comfort and success to this grand celebration.

" To the merchants, to the manufacturers, to the old
Soldiers and the young Soldiers, to the civic societies,

480 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

to the orators of the day, to the Council, to the Board
of Control, to the School Council, to the children, the
Mayor and all the people, we extend congratulations
for what they did to make the celebration of the Fourth
of July, 1894, the grandest success ever witnessed in
Cleveland."

The Leader editorially expressed its opinion of the
celebration in manner following:

"Cleveland's big Fourth of July celebration was all
that it had been expected to be. The weather, the
great crowds of sightseers from other places, the happy
multitudes in the streets, the music, the eloquent ora-
tions, the impressive exercises in connection with the
dedication of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument, the
illumination, the decorations of the city, in fact all the
arrangements for the day, and the execution of the
plans could hardly have been better.

" The procession was one of the largest and finest in
the history of the city, and in the bright sunshine, tem-
pered by such a lake breeze as few places can boast,
even the grayest of the old veterans swung along with
the tread of their warrior days. The floats and deco-
rated wagons made an impressive demonstration of the
industrial resources of Cleveland, and the whole line
moved with admirable order and promptness.

" Everybody who contributed to make the Independ-
ence Day which marked the dedication of the war Mon-
ument of Cuyahoga County a splendid success is to be
congratulated. A big task was undertaken in the face
of the disadvantages of industrial depression, and it was
carried through in a style which will be remembered to
the credit of the men who bore the heaviest responsi-
bilities, as well as to the honor of the city."

The Leader locally said :

" Cleveland has seen several great days since the Con-
necticut survevor landed at the mouth of the Cuvahoga

SOLDIERS1 AND SAILORS' MONUMENT. 481

River, and yesterday was one of them. Realization sur-
passed anticipation. Fact, for once at least, outstripped
fancv. Even Nature seemed to have taken an especial
interest in the occasion, for from her large and well
selected assortment of summer days, she could hardly
have chosen one more ideally suited to the patriotic pro-
gram which had been arranged for it. Nothing was
lacking to make the dedication of the Cuyahoga County
Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument, and the celebration of
Independence Day a great success. Nature not only
did all that could be asked of her, but those upon whose
executive talent the success of the several features of the
day depended also arose to the height of their oppor-
tunity.

"Crowds began to gather shortly after the welcoming
of the sun with the thunder of artillery, and by 9 o'clock,
when the regular program was opened by the concert
of the Great Western Band and the yacht race upon the
unruffled lake, the Square and the entering streets were
thronged with humanity. At 9:30 o'clock, when 3,000
school children took their places in the great amphi-
theater, and lifted their trained voices in patriotic song,
the scene was inspiring in the highest degree. The
wilderness of decorations as far as the eye could reach,
the canopy of fluttering flags, the vast concourse, and
the chief figure of the scene, the great Monument with
its silent eloquence, all combined to arouse the most
ardent emotions. Several songs were sung by the chil-
dren, and no feature of the day made a more lasting im-
pression. The introductory address of Governor Will-
iam McKinley, like all the public utterances of that
eminent statesman, met every requirement, and both
his presence and his words called forth the utmost en-
thusiasm. That other brilliant son of Ohio, ex-Gov-
ernor Joseph B. Foraker, the orator of the occasion,
delivered a masterly effort, pointing out in a most im-

482 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

pressive manner the lesson of patriotism taught by the
Monument. The reading of the Declaration of Inde-
pendence, without which a Fourth of July celebration
would not be complete, was finely done by Virgil P.
Kline, Esq., while a meritorious poem was presented by
Rev. Levi Gilbert, D. D. During the progress of the
dedicatory exercises, as in fact throughout the day, the
interior of the Monument was visited by many
people.

"In the presence of a multitude such as has rarely as-
sembled in the Public Square, with ceremonies most
impressive, and amid surroundings of the greatest
beauty, the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument was dedi-
cated yesterday morning. The section of the Public
Square across Superior Street from the Monument had
been chosen as the place for holding the exercises. In
it had been built an amphitheater and in this was seated
the chorus of 3,000 school children, and half as many
special guests, nearly all of them Soldiers and the
widows of Soldiers. South of the amphitheater, and
facing the Monument, was a finely decorated stand with
a red and white canopy. During the exercises this
stand was occupied by Governor McKinley, ex-Governor
Foraker, Mayor Blee, Hon. M. A. Hanna, Mr. L- E.
Holden, Judge S. O. Griswold, of Windsor, Conn., to
whom is ascribed the distinction of having drafted the
original law constituting the Soldiers' and Sailors' Mon-
ument Commission ; Director W.J. McKinnie ; Adju-
tant General Howe, of Kenton ; General Ebright, of
Akron ; Colonel J. C. Bomner, of Toledo ; Colonel H. C.
Sherrard, of Steubenville ; Colonel S. L. Mooney, of
Woodsford ; Colonel Horace E. Andrews, all members
of Governor McKinley's staff; Professor Charles F.
Olney, Judge E. T. Hamilton, Hon. A. J. Williams,
Rev. Dr. D. H. Muller, Mr. A. P. Winslow, Mr. W. J.
Akers, Hon. V. A. Taylor, Mr. James McHenry, Mr.

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 483

James Lavan, General J. J. Elwell, General James Bar-
nett, Judge J. F. Burkett, of Findlay, and Judge F. J.
Dickman, members of the Supreme Court of the State ;
Colonel Emory W. Force, Dr. R. W. Walters, Hon. T.
E. Burton, Mr. P. H. Kaiser, Mr. A. C. Hord, Mr. W.
M. Day, Treasurer of State W. T. Cope, Secretary of
State S. M. Taylor, Hon. O. J. Hodge, Hon. John P.
Green, Major W. W. Armstrong, Sergeant James Hayr,
Major W. J. Gleason, Captain Levi F. Bauder, Mr.
Thomas Reilley, Mr. F. C. Bate, Councilman Walter I.
Thompson, School Councilman Martin House, Mr. H.
M. Addison, Rev. Dr. Levi Gilbert, Mgr. T. P. Thorpe,
Hon. Amos Townsend, General Manning F. Force, of
Sandusky, Superintendent of the Soldiers' Home in that
city; Mr. Charles T. Caldwell, of Parkersburg, W. Va.;
Mr. Silas Merchant, Colonel C. C. Dewstoe, General M.
D. Leggett, Captain J. B. Molyueaux, Captain Edward
H. Bohm, Mrs. Levi T. Scofield, Mrs. W. J. Gleason,
the Misses Agnes, Katherine, Alma and Florence
Gleason, Mrs. Lena Springsteen, Mrs. Lois Knauff, Mrs.
John Eisenmann, Mrs. Esther M. Harris and Mrs. Sarah
Adams Estabrook Thatcher. The two last named ladies
are survivors of the Sanitary Commission, which did
such noble work for the Soldiers when the Rebellion
was at its height. When in the course of the exercises
they were introduced by Governor McKinley, they were
received with the utmost enthusiasm. Mrs. Thatcher is
the widow of the late Peter Thatcher, and Mrs. Harris
is the widow of Josiah A. Harris. As the occupants of
the speakers' stand appeared they were greeted with
applause. Mrs. Springsteen and Mrs. Knauff appeared
with two big baskets of flowers for the two central
figures of the occasion, the Governor and the ex-
Governor. The recipients of the floral tributes smiling-
ly bowed their acknowledgments, and ex-Governor
Foraker said, ' We thank you, ladies.'

484 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

" Stretching away before the company in the stand
was one of the largest audiences ever assembled in
Cleveland. The crowd extended in an almost unbroken
mass across Superior Street and over the strip of park
which surrounds the Monument. The Monument ter-
race was filled and the crowd extended far into Superior
and Ontario Streets. Every window of the big build-
ings which surround the Square was filled with specta-
tors. The decorations were the most beautiful that
have been seen in the Public Square. Lines of small
flags extended to the top of the electric light mast in
the center of the Square, the buildings were a mass of
decorations and bright colors, and Chinese lanterns were
strung among the trees.

" In the dedicating services, there were prayers which
were impressive, addresses which were inspiring, music
which was soul-stirring, and an audience patriotic and
enthusiastic to the last degree."

The brilliant reporter of the Plain Dealer furnishes
this word-painting gem :

" Surrounded by silvery-haired men who had marched
forth as beardless youths a third of a century ago at the
Nation's call to arms, in the presence of honored sons
who, on the field of battle, in the halls of legislation,
and in the executive chair of the State had proved their
manly worth, surrounded by troops of merry children to
whom the story of Gettysburg and Vicksburg were the
same as Bunker Hill and Valley Forge, lessons of the
school room and fireside, with the pomp and pageantry
of military display and the evidences of peaceful occu-
pations, the Cuyahoga County Soldiers' and Sailors'
Monument was formally and gloriously dedicated yes-
terday.

u The event was a notable one in many respects.
Among the grandest memorials which now commemo-
rate the deeds of 1861-5 throughout the length and

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 485

breadth of the land, the Cuyahoga Memorial is probably
the last great monolith to be lifted in honor of the men
who went forth to battle in that great cause.

" That time had made many strides since the events
which this great shaft commemorated was plainly evi-
denced by the appearance of the men who had taken
part in that glorious struggle. The grizzled hairof Private
Joseph Benson Foraker bore little resemblance to the
raven locks of the gallant message bearer who rode
with Sherman before Atlanta. Governor William Mc-
Kinley bore on his strongly developed brow many fur-
rows which were not there when he shouldered his mus-
ket in the ranks of that Ohio regiment of which he soon
became the major.

" General Barnett, Chaplain Mitchell, General Elwell
and many others of the distinguished men upon the
platform on the Square showed only too well what
years of service in the field and a generation of active
life since had done, while of the gayly epauletted and
aiguletted members of the Governor's staff, many were
children in their teens when Grant was storming Yicks-
burg and Meade and Hancock were driving Lee and
Longstreet from Little Round Top and the field of
Gettysburg.

" That the lessons of that day were not forgotten,
that the flag for which these heroes fought had in-
creased in luster even as its stars had multiplied in
number, that the hopes and aspirations of the Nation
were as dear and sacred now as then, no one who wit-
nessed yesterday's ceremonial can doubt. That the
Nation that was born 118 years ago and saved from in-
ternal disruption a third of a century ago is still the
idol of the people's heart and the object of their great-
est love was made manifest to all. That alone was
worth all the trouble, all the sacrifice that the celebration
cost, and was after all the greatest lesson it had to tell.

486 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

" Never before did a Fourth of July open with greater
promise and never was that promise of meteorological
perfection better maintained.

" From an almost cloiidless sky, the sun arose over a
city decked forth in holiday attire. A cool and refresh-
ing breeze swept over it from the lake, setting every
piece of bunting in the city in a flutter and stretching
every flag into the appearance of a metal emblem stiff
against the sky.

" And what myriads of flags there were !

"Never did a city look more joyous. From every
business house down town, and in front of almost every
private residence throughout the verdure-clad city,
there bloomed forth some evidence of loyalty and joy.
From the top of the Hickox building, down town streets
seemed fluttering ribbons of color leading toward the
Square like garlands on a May-pole.

"It was in the Public Square that all interest cen-
tered, and here the color scheme reached its climax.
Every building was emblazoned with national colors
and made resplendent with many colored flags. Over
all, like the frame-work of an open canopy, were the
gay streamers radiating like spokes of a wheel from the
top of the tall light mast in the center.

" By 8 o'clock in the morning the crowds had begun
to gather. The Monument itself, with its fringe of
variegated plants, never seemed more worthy of admi-
ration. From the tall goddess, silhouetted against the
sky, to the life-like group about the base, the great shaft
attracted the admiration of hundreds of visitors all dur-
ing the morning.

"The sun shone forth strong and hot in spite of the
morning breeze, and the crowds soon sought shelter
under the protection of the trees and awnings, while
about the Square a myriad of umbrellas shot up like
mushrooms after a summer shower.

SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS' MONUMENT. 487

"The great amphitheater alone remained unfilled,
and rose in vivid whiteness above the sea of people that
swarmed about it.

" The Committee of Arrangements is busy now in re-
ceiving snch gnests as are entitled to seats in the all too
contracted stand in front, and the members of Army
and Navy Post, each member carrying the guidon of
the regiment to which he belonged, take places on the
top of the amphitheater like sentries on a bastion.

" Twenty thousand people now swarm like bees about
the Square, while the fluttering flags beat tattoos against
the staffs around the stand.

"Every building has its quota of people, and men
hang about the cornices of the Cuyahoga and Society for
Savings like beads on a silken cord. Each window
frames a group of people also, and the bright summer
costumes of the ladies everywhere impart life and color
to the scene.

"Soon Governor McKinley. escorted by Mayor Blee,
appears, followed by the members of his military staff.
Adjutant General Howe, with a yellow sash across his
broad chest, leads them, and Colonel Horace A. An-
drews makes his appearance with his fellow officers,
handsomer than ever in his gold-braided uniform. He
is the youngest member of the staff present, with the
exception of Colonel Harry Sherrard, the Steubenville
member.

"Ex-Governor Joseph B. Foraker follows. He has
no staff, but he is speedily recognized by the crowd, and
evokes a cheer that neither the little Napoleon nor his
military attaches can equal.

" There are members of the Supreme Court, members
of the Monument Commission, the Chaplain of the Day,.
the Monsignor of the Roman Catholic Diocese, the
Mayor and other dignitaries crowded together in a
lamentably insufficient space, but all objects of interest

488 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

to the sweltering crowds beneath. It is after 9 o'clock
when the children begin to arrive and take their places
on the raised tiers of seats provided. Prof. N. Coe
Stewart is at their head, and they assume their places
with a precision that calls forth applause on the part of
the old Soldiers present. The leader puts them through
.a short drill previous to the opening. 4 Umbrellas closed,'
he calls from his stand in the foreground, and hundreds
of parasols are closed, revealing a picture of beauty
worthy of any stage. The boys are arranged in the
central division, flanked by the girls like the dark cen-
tral part of some great flower.

" It was as though some great floral emblem had been
tilted up to the view of the audience. No old-fashioned
garden ever showed a greater variety of color than this.
And nothing else than a flower garden seemed worthy
of comparison with it. Like a flash the dark curtain of
umbrellas was swept away, revealing a mass of bright
faces in a sea of foaming white gowns with splashes of
crimson and scarlet and gold. Never had those jewels
of Cleveland, her school children, looked lovelier, and,
as under Prof. Stewart's wand they uncovered their
heads, there was a fluttering of color like the waving of
a forest in the full grandeur of its Autumnal beauty.

" The gayly-decked speakers' stand, with its comple-
ment of noted men and gorgeous uniforms, no longer
held the public eye. Every face was turned toward the
display of youthful animation on the amphitheater.

" Finally the Great Western Band struck up ' Colum-
bia.'' The conductor waved his baton. Every child
was up. Another wave and the national air is taken up
by 3,000 voices and carried far out over the heads of the
surging mass of people who fill the Square like figs
in a box. The chorus is repeated again and again in
response to*the applause, and then someone is seen'ko
rise in the stand]below and 'the formalities have .begun.

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 489

" Meanwhile the children are waiting for the opening
prayer to close, and again at the Professor's beck they
rise and onr ' Bonnie Bine Flag ' bursts forth :

" ' We will wave our bonnie flag
And fling it to the breeze,
Emblem 'tis of liberty
On land and on the seas.'

"With this, 3,000 flags, heretofore invisible, flutter
over 3,000 little heads, and in rhythmic time are wav-
ing to the music. It was a sight to stir the patriotism
from the heart of the bronze statue of Liberty on the
big Monument, and the old Soldiers in the crowd break
forth in rapturous applause as the cascade of color
flashes and sparkles in the sunlight.

" It is many minutes before the applause subsides.
Governor McKinley is introduced and the ceremonies
of the day are fairly under way.

" THE PROGRAM OF THE DAY.

" The speakers' stand was small and quite crowded
with the speakers, Governor McKinley's staff, the Mon-
ument Commission, the General Celebration Committee,
the Reception Committee, and invited guests. A few of
the Commissioners and guests arrived before 9 o'clock,
but it was half an hour later before anything occurred
to stir the attention of those who had been contemplat-
ing the assembling of the great mass of people in front
of the stand where McKinley and Foraker were to recall
the deeds of heroic Soldiers and to renew the patriotism
of the people. Promptly at 9:30 o'clock the Reception
Committee escorted Governor McKinley and ex-Gov-
ernor Foraker and the Governor's military staff. These
distinguished men approached the forum and ascended
to it before the people became aware of their presence.
Governor McKinley appeared at the entrance to the
stand before the crowd discovered him. Major W. J.
Gleason, upon behalf of the Commission and Commit-

490 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

tees, received the distinguished party. The Governor
was closely followed by the ex-Governor, who walked
proudlv and with an elastic step. As soon as the peo-
ple caught sight of them a cheering was set up. The
old Soldiers, members of Army and Navy Post, Grand
Army of the Republic, who were on guard duty at the
grand stand, bv invitation of the President of the Com-
mission, expressed their enthusiasm by waving their
bannerets and swinging their hats. This Post turned out
one hundred and twenty strong ; and, with their hand-
some uniforms and soldierly bearing, made a splendid
appearance. The school children were not yet in their
places, but the veterans made their applause heard.
Governor McKinley bowed and waved his hand in ac-
knowledgment. When his distinguished companion
turned to acknowledge the salutation, the applause was
renewed.

"A few minutes after the gubernatorial party arrived,
the immense chorus of school children, under the
leadership of Prof. N. Coe Stewart and the Great West-
ern Band, took their places on the grand stand. The
sight of about 3,000 school children taking their places,
their beaming faces, the airy garments of the little girls
and the touches of red, white and blue from the flags
each child carried and tried to keep out of sight until
the proper time, was an inspiring picture. While the
children were arranging themselves, the Band played
patriotic music. Shortly before 10 o'clock, Prof. Stewart
got his singers in position, and at a signal, parasols and
sun umbrellas, which had hidden the little girls from
view, were closed and put away. The children removed
their hats while they sang 'Columbia.' Before they
had finished, the party in the speakers' stand began
applauding. This was taken up by the people sitting
in front of the singers, then by those on the Superior
Street side ; thence it traveled across the street and was

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 491

taken up by the thousands who stood on and around the
pile of marble and bronze which all had come to dedicate.

" ' It is a beautiful sight,' remarked Gov. McKinley,
whose eyes kindled as he clapped his hands and waved
the manuscript he held in one of them. There was no
hesitancy in the singing of the children. The pure
voices were strong, well controlled and aye, defiant, too,
on those passages where natural feeling produced it.
The youthful singers, many of them old enough to
appreciate the full significance of the occasion, were not
half-hearted in rendering their part of dutiful service to
the memory of those who founded the Nation and those
who fcmght and preserved it before it had been in exist-
ence a century. While they sang the chorus, the chil-
dren waved the flags which they had been so careful to
hide when they came to their places, and this added
greatly to the effect. The man whose emotions could
not be stirred by such a scene must indeed be without
country, without home, without human sympathy and
without heart, an animal in the form of man, but with-
out soul.

" Before the echoes of the applause had died away,
Mesdames Springsteen and Knauff came with the love-
ly baskets and cut-flowers and handsome bouquets,
bearing the best wishes of the mothers, wives, sisters
and daughters of Soldiers to the ex-Soldiers who were
to pronounce the words of dedication."

Ten minutes after the band music and singing by the
children, the Rev. Dr. John Mitchell, a constant friend
of the Monument, one of the fighting chaplains of '61,
now Chaplain of the Fifth Regiment, stepped forward,
bared his head, stretched forth his hands and called for
the divine blessing upon the services about to begin. In
fervid tone he asked for the blessing in the following
words :

O Lord, our heavenly Father, almighty and ever-

492 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

lasting God, look down from thy throne and behold thy
people assembled this day in thy presence. Most
heartily we beseech thee to look upon us with thy
gracious favor and to bless us.

We thank thee for thy goodness to us and to all
men. We do most heartily confess and repent of all
our sins, we are sorry that we have not lived to a better
purpose, therefore blot out all our transgressions and
remember them no more against us forever.

We thank thee for this day and its memories, we
thank thee that thou hast been with this Nation from
the beginning. Thou hast brought it through trial and
trouble and guided its affairs with thy own loving hand.
Continue to watch over it, and greatly bless and prosper
it. Make this Nation a glorious Nation whose God is
the Lord.

We thank thee for the occasion that brings us to-
gether,— the dedication of this Memorial to the memory
of brave men living and dead, who in the hour of need
stood in the heat of battle for the country and the flag
they loved.

Remember graciously the surviving veterans. Keep
them in peace and prosperity ; and ma}- they be en-
shrined in the hearts of a grateful people, and may the
glorious deeds wrought by them inspire a spirit of
patriotism in all hearts.

Take the widow and orphan into thy own loving
care, take away the tears from their eyes and the sorrow
from their hearts.

Bless him who presides over this Nation, give him
wisdom to rule in righteousness, and may he seek to
know and do thy will.

Remember the Governor of our own State, give him
wisdom and direct him in all things.

Let this day be one of joy and gladness, and let
sorrow come to no heart.

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 493

Guide in all things, and we will give thee all the
glory through Jesus Christ, our Lord and Saviour. —
Amen.

"Our Bonnie Flag" was sung by the children. In
singing the chorus, they beat the time of the music
with flags. The thousands of flags moved in perfect
unison, a great mass of the national colors, and the
pretty effect was greeted with cheers and applause.

In presenting Governor McKinley as the President of
the day, Mayor Robert Blee, Chairman of the Com-
mittee of Arrangements, said :

" Ladies and gentlemen and fellow citizens, in order
that as many as possible may hear the speeches that are
to be delivered on this occasion, it is necessary that
quiet be preserved. I now have the great pleasure of
introducing to you our own Governor, Hon. William
McKinley, as President of the day."

"Our own Governor" was a sentiment which caught
the crowd, and they lost not a moment in manifesting
their appreciation of it. Governor McKinley, with his
suit of somber black, his Prince Albert coat buttoned,
advanced to the front of the stand, and the crowd
greeted him with enthusiasm. Three cheers were given
for him, and they were repeated before he had said a
dozen words. In a calm and dignified address he spoke
to the crowd of the significance of the day and the
Memorial, and his patriotic sentiments found a ready
response in the hearts of his hearers.

The Governor's appearance was greeted* with enthu-
siastic cheers and applause. After bowing his thanks,
he said:
Soldiers and Sailors of Ctiyahoga County, my Comrades

and Fellow Citizens :

I wish the whole world might have witnessed the
sight we have just seen and have heard the song we
have just listened to from the school children of the

494 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

City of Cleveland. With patriotism in our hearts and
with the flag of our country in our hands, there is no
danger of anarchy and there is no danger to the American
Union. [ Applause.]

The place, the day, and the occasion upon which we
assemble, fill us with patriotic emotion. They are
happily and appropriately united. This old Monu-
mental Square is filled with hallowed memories. This
day registers the birthday of the Declaration of Inde-
pendence. And this Monument that we dedicate to-day
attests that every promise of that declaration has been
kept and performed. [ Applause.] Standing in this
presence, I am reminded that this Public Square has
witnessed many interesting and memorable events.
The first I recall was on the ioth day of September,
i860, when the monument to Commodore Perry was
unveiled on this Square. It was a deeply interesting
occasion. An immense crowd thronged this city as it
throngs it to-day. Governor Sprague, of Rhode Island,
with his staff and State officers, and the members of the
Legislature of that State, and the Providence Light In-
fantry, participated in the interesting ceremony. Gov-
ernor Dennison, the first war Governor Ohio ever had,
delivered the address of welcome. General J. W. Fitch,
remembered by the older citizens of Cleveland, was the
Grand Marshal of the day ; and General Barnett, whose
distinguished services in the war are yet fresh in the
memory of the people [applause], and who now partici-
pates in these ceremonies, was in command of the
Cleveland Light Artillery Regiment. The great histor-
ian, George Bancroft, delivered the principal address of
the day. It was probably, my fellow citizens, the
greatest celebration that Cuyahoga County had seen up
to that time. It was on this ground, too, that the Sol-
diers' and Sailors' Aid Society of Northern Ohio, aye,
of the whole country, was organized, and some of the

GOVERNOR WILLIAM McKINLEY,

President of the Dav.

J THE J)

soldiers' and sailors' monument. ' 497

noble mothers who were at the birth of that organiza-
tion are seated upon this platform to-day. [Applause.]
These noble women gave unselfish devotion to the
country and money from all this section of the State
poured into the coffers of that association for the relief
of the men at the front, who were sustaining the flag.
It was in this Square too that the remains of the mar-
tyred Lincoln, the great emancipator, rested as they
journeyed to his Western home. It was on this very
spot, almost where we stand to-day, that the whole
population of Northern Ohio viewed for the last time
him who had been captain of all our armies under the
Constitution, and whose death was a sacrifice to the
great cause of freedom and the Union. [ Applause.]

Here, too, my fellow citizens, on this very spot, the
remains of the immortal Garfield lay in state, attended
by the Congress of the United States, by the supreme
judiciary of the Nation, by the officers of the Army and
the Navy of the United States, by the Governors and
Legislators of all the surrounding States. The steady
tread of a mourning State and Nation was uninterrupted
through the entire night. It was here that the people
looked upon his face for the last time forever.

Interesting, my fellow citizens, and patriotic, as the
scenes witnessed in the past have been, I venture to say
that none of them have stirred so many memories or
quickened such patriotic feeling as the services we per-
form to-day in the dedication of this beautiful structure
to the memory of the loyal Soldiers and Sailors who
contributed their lives to save the Government from
dissolution. Cuyahoga County can well be proud of
this great Memorial. It is a fitting tribute to the Sol-
diers living and the Soldiers dead. Cuyahoga's sons
were represented in nearly every branch of the military
service. Almost every Ohio regiment received some
contribution from Cuyahoga County, whether in the in-

498 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

fantry, cavalry, artillery, on land or on sea. Whether
among white troops or colored troops Cuyahoga Coun-
ty's sons were to be found, they were always found at
the post of greatest danger. [ Applause.]

Nothing has so impressed me in the program to-day
as the organization of the old Soldiers, carrying with
them their tattered flags, which they bore a third of a
century ago upon the fields of war. More than sixty of
the old regimental flags will be carried by the survivors
of their respective regiments, and the flag room at the
capitol at Columbus could not supply the men of Cuya-
hoga County all the flags which they are entitled to bear.
Is it any wonder that these old Soldiers love to carry
the flags under which they fought and for which their
brave comrades gave up their lives?

Is it any wonder that the old Soldier loves the flag
under whose folds he fought and for which his comrades
shed so much blood ? He loves it for what it is and
for what it represents. It embodies the purposes and
history of the Government itself. It records the
achievements of its defenders upon land and sea. It
heralds the heroism and sacrifices of our Revolutionary
fathers who planted free government on this continent
and dedicated it to liberty forever. It attests the strug-
gles of our army and the valor of our citizens in all the
wars of the republic. It has been sanctified by the
blood of our best and our bravest. It records the
achievements of Washington and the martyrdom of
Lincoln. It has been bathed in the tears of a sorrow-
ing people. It has been glorified in the hearts of a
freedom loving people, not only at home but in every
part of the world. Our flag expresses more than any
other flag ; it means more than any other national em-
blem. It expresses the will of a free people and pro-
claims that they are supreme and that they acknowl-
edge no earthlv sovereign than themselves. It never

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 499

was assaulted that thousands did not rise up to smite
the assailant. Glorious old banner !

When the stars and stripes were hauled down on
Sumter, flags without number were raised above every
fireside in the land and all the glorious achievements
which that flag represented with all its hallowed mem-
ories glowed with burning fervor in the heart of every
lover of liberty and the Union. The mad assault which
was made upon the flag at that time aroused its defend-
ers and kindled a patriotism which could not be
quenched until it had extingtiished the unholy cause
which assaulted our holy banner.

What more beautiful conception than that which
prompted Abra Kohn, of Chicago, in February, 1861, to
send to Air. Lincoln, on the eve of his starting to
Washington to take the office of President, to which he
had been elected, a flag of our country, bearing upon
its silken folds these words from the fifth and ninth
verses of the first chapter of Joshua: "Have I not
commanded thee, be strong and of good courage ? Be
not afraid, neither be thou dismayed, for the Lord, our
God, is with thee, whithersoever thou goest. There
shall no man be able to stand before thee all the days
of thy life. As I was with Moses, so shall I be with
thee. I will not fail thee nor forsake thee."

Could anything have given Mr. Lincoln more cheer
or been better calculated to sustain his courage or
strengthen his faith in the mighty work before him?
Thus commanded, thus assured, Mr. Lincoln journeyed
to the capital, where he took the oath of office and reg-
istered in heaven an oath to save the Union ; and " the
Lord, our God," was with him and did not fail nor for-
sake him until every obligation of oath and duty was
sacredly kept and honored. Not any man was able to
stand before him. Liberty was enthroned, the LTnion
was saved and the flag which he carried floated in

500 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

triumph and glory upon every flagstaff of the Re-
public.

What does this Monument mean ? It means the
immortal principle of patriotism. It means love of
country. It means sacrifices for the country we love.
It means not only love of country but love of liberty !
This alone could have inspired over 2,800,000 Union
Soldiers to leave home and family and to offer to die if
need be for our imperiled institutions. Love of country
alone could have inspired 300,000 men to die for the
Union. Nothing less sacred than this love of country
could have sustained 175,000 brave men, who suffered
and starved and died in rebel prisons. Nor could any-
thing else have given comfort to the 500,000 maimed
and diseased, who escaped immediate death in siege
and battle to end in torment the remainder of their
patriot lives. It is a noble patriotism and it impels you,
my fellow countrymen, to erect this magnificent Monu-
ment to their honor and memory. And similar love of
country will inspire your remotest descendants to do
homage to their valor and bravery forever.

This is what the Monument means. The lesson it
conveys to the present and all future generations. It
means that the cause in which they died was a righteous
one, and it means that the cause which triumphed
through their valor shall be perpetuated for all time.

Charles Sumner said that President Lincoln was
put to death by the enemies of the Declaration of In-
dependence, but, said Sumner, though dead, he would
always continue to guard that title deed of the human
race. So that it does seem to me that everv time we
erect a new monument to the memory of the Union Sol-
diers and Sailors, we are cementing the very foundations
of the Government itself. We are doing that which
will strengthen our devotion to free institutions and in-
sure their permanency for the remotest posterity. We

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 501

are not only rendering immortal the fame of the men
who participated in the War by these magnificent struct-
ures, but we are doing better than that. We are mak-
ing immortal the principles for which they contended
and the union of free men for which they died. [Ap-
plause.]

Their erection may be a matter of comparatively
little importance or concern to the Union Soldiers who
are still living, but no one can accurately foretell the
value and importance of their influence upon the young
men and the young women from whom the Republic
must draw her future defenders. Every time we erect
a monument, every time we do honor to the Soldiers of
the Republic, we reaffirm our devotion to the country,
to the glorious flag, to the immortal principles of liberty,
equality, and justice, which have made the United
States unrivaled among the Nations of the world. The
union of these States must be perpetual. That is what
our brave boys died for. That is what this Monument
must mean ; and such monuments as this are evidences
that the people intend to take care that the great de-
crees of the War shall be unquestioned and supreme.
[Applause.]

The unity of the Republic is secure so long as we
continue to honor the memory of the men who died by
the tens of thousands to preserve it. The dissolution
of the Union is impossible so long as we continue to
inculcate lessons of fraternity, unity, and patriotism, and
erect monuments to perpetuate these sentiments.

Such monuments as these have another meaning,
which is one dear to the hearts of many who stand by
me. It is, as Mr. Lincoln said at Gettysburg, that the
dead shall not have died in vain ; that the Nation's later
birth of freedom and the people's gain of their own
sovereignty shall not perish from the earth. That is
what this Monument means. That is the lesson of true

502 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

patriotism ; that what was won in war shall be worn in
peace.

But we must not forget, my fellow countrymen,
that the Union which these brave men preserved, and
the liberties which they secured, places upon ns, the
living, the gravest responsibility. We are the freest
Government on the face of the earth. Our strength-
rests in onr patriotism. Anarchy flees before patriotism.
Peace and order and secnrity and liberty are safe so
long as love of country burns in the hearts of the peo-
ple. It should not be forgotten, ho.wever, that liberty
does not mean lawlessness. Liberty to make onr own
laws does not give ns license to break them. [ Ap-
plause.] Liberty to make onr own laws commands a
duty to observe them ourselves and enforce obedience
among all others within their jurisdiction. Liberty,
my fellow citizens, is responsibility, and responsibility
is duty, and that duty is to preserve the exceptional
liberty we enjoy within the law and for the law and by
the law. [ Great applause.]

The children were heard again in Zundel's " Ameri-
can Flag Song." At the close of the swelling chorus,
there was a great roar of applause from the crowd ;
even over at the Monument. Spectators in the blocks
cheerily waved handkerchiefs as a mark of their appre-
ciation of the melody. Blended with the applause
were three hearty cheers given by the children for the
flag. Their clear, musical voices, sent forth with all
the enthusiasm of youth, rang out in three lusty cheers.
A little fellow in knickerbockers raised a laugh by pro-
posing, in a piping voice, a " tigah " to supplement the
cheers.

Virgil P. Kline had wisely been chosen to read the
Declaration of Independence. He was dignified, as
always. His reading of the immortal production of
our forefathers was done with a fervor and eloquence

EX -GOVERNOR JOSEPH B. FORAKER,
Orator of the Dav.

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 505

that was inspiring. When he had concluded, there were
shouts of approbation and exclamations of " good,
good," on all sides, ending with cheers.

" The Red, White, and Blue " was sung by the
children. They arose at a signal from the wand of
Professor Stewart, and to the accompaniment of the
band the strains of the patriotic song floated out on the
air. A waving of flags attended the singing, and it
aroused the unbounded delight of the audience. They
did not alone applaud, but cheered enthusiastically as
the orator of the day, Governor McKinley, intro-
duced ex-Governor Foraker. " The gentlemen of the
committee having these exercises in charge," said Gov-
ernor McKinley, " have been successful in many things.
In nothing have they been more successful than in the
selection of the orator of the day. I take great pleas-
ure in introducing to you Hon. Joseph B. Foraker, the
orator of the day."

Ex-Governor Foraker advanced as his name was
called and he was given a hearty reception. The sub-
ject of his oration was, " The Soldiers' and Sailors'
Monument and the Lessons of Patriotism It Teaches."
In an eloquent and forcible manner he reviewed the
struggle for independence and the great Civil War. An
occasional sally of wit provoked laughter and his re-
marks on the present conditions in the country were
received with great applause.

" Soldiers and Sailors of Cuyahoga County, Comrades
and my Fellow Citizens," said the Governor in address-
ing his hearers, " with patriotism in our hearts and
with the flag of our country in the hands of our chil-
dren, there is no danger from anarchy and there will be
no danger to our Union." This extempore paragraph
was elicited by the scene presented by the school chil-
dren. Continuing, the Governor delivered his formal
address as follows :

506 history OF THE CUYAHOGA county

EX-GOVERNOR FORAKER'S ORATION.

Felloiv-Comrades mid Fellow- Citizens : —

We meet on the Fourth of July to dedicate a Monu-
ment to the memory of the heroes of our last War.
The day and the occasion unite to recall both the Revo-
lution and the Rebellion. These struggles had a distinct
relation to each other, and were strikingly similar in
some respects.

The last was but the complement of the first. It
wrought for the black man what the first accomplished
for the white.

Both began as rebellions. Both had relation to
natural, governmental and human rights. There was
no question of territory, balance of power or inter-
national statecraft or diplomacy in either.

Both broadened as they proceeded, until the issues
finally joined and determined were different, higher and
better than those involved at the beginning.

It was not until after Concord, Lexington and Bunker
Hill that the Colonists resolved to convert a struggle
that was inaugurated only as an armed resistance to a
tyrannical Ministry into a war against the Crown for
national independence.

As late as the 6th day of July, 1775, the Continental
Congress formally declared that they had not raised
armies with the ambitious design of separating from
Great Britain, and establishing independent States.

It was not until after Bull Run, Donelson and Shiloh
that the overruling purpose of a directing Providence
was recognized, and a war for the suppression of rebell-
ion was broadened into a war for the liberation of the
slave.

The Colonists were not only subjects of Great
Britain, but they were loyal subjects. They desired to
remain such, but He who directs the destiny of all

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 507

decreed otherwise. The time had come not only for
the birth of a new Nation, but for a new kind of govern-
ment. The feudal age had passed away, and the un-
written constitution of England had been established,
but the despotic powers of the old Barons had been
assumed by the monarchy that followed, and the boasted
rights of Englishmen, although defined by Magna
Charta and protected by a representative Parliament,
were, nevertheless, not such as to allow that independ-
ence of thought and action essential to the highest in-
tellectual and moral development.

It was necessary to give a broader recognition than
had ever been accorded of the rights of man with
respect to government, not only in England and her
colonies, but throughout the world.

America was destined to light the torch of liberty and
lead the fight for human freedom. It was not of her
choice, but of God's ordering. She was the chosen
agency, and it was through aggressions and exaspera-
tions that ripened into controversy, bitterness and blood,
with their irresistible teachings and demands, that our
fathers were finally brought to see both their opportu-
nity and their duty. Then it was that the Declaration
of July 6, 1775, gave way to the Declaration of Inde-
pendence of July 4, 1776.

This document was a state paper worthy of a great
people. It lent importance and gave dignity and con-
sequence to the cause of the Colonists. It excited the
admiration of the whole world, and strengthened and
encouraged the weak and hesitating. It put into the
hearts of all aims and purposes that involved the highest
interests of humanity. From that moment forward the
fight was not for the redress of wrongs under the British
Government, but for absolute independence, and a new
and different government of their own making. What
that government should be they did not then see or

508 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

comprehend. After more than a century of successful
experience, our form of government seems to us most
natural, and as though it would be the first thought of,
but it was not so with our fathers. They had no such
light as we enjoy. When they determined to fight for
independence, it was without any clear idea as to the
kind of government they would adopt, except only that
it should be of their own making and subject to their
own control. They reached final results by slow stages
in the school of experience.

British oppression had made them so distrustful of all
authority superior to their own immediate colonial
governments, that they were prejudiced against, and
bitterly hostile to, all propositions that involved the
establishment of any permanent controlling national
authority or power.

The Continental Congress had scarcely more than the
semblance of authority. There was no constitution, no
judiciary, no executive, and no power of any kind
lodged anywhere to compel anybody to do anything.
But it was the first step toward a centralization that
could represent the national name and force, and in the
selection of a Commander-in-chief, the adoption of the
Declaration of Independence, and by similar acts,
resolutions and legislation, it familiarized the people
with the idea of unity of country and interests, a com-
mon flag and a common destiny.

The Articles of Confederation followed. They were
intended to establish a common or National Govern-
ment and define its powers. They were another step,
but not a very long one, in the right direction. Ameri-
cans had not yet accepted the idea of a permanent
national authority. Therefore, while recognizing the
necessity for union under a common government, based
on a written, organic law, they were unwilling to act,
except as independent States, and would not agree to

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 509

any form of government unless the individual independ-
ence or autonomy of each State was recognized and
protected. They were so solicitous upon this point
that but little else was successfully embodied in that
document. The government it established had no
executive, no judiciary, no revenue system, no machin-
ery, functions or power. All legislative and executive
action was vested in the Congress, in which the mem-
bers voted and acted, not as representatives of the
people, but as delegates of the States; and no proposed
act of legislation could become a law without the votes
and consent of a prescribed number of the States. The
States were everything; the National Government was
practically nothing. Its inadequacy was manifest from
the beginning. Dissatisfaction followed and increased
until all the common people, as well as the great men
and statesmen of that time, were studying and dis-
cussing theories of government. The result was a con-
vention to revise the Articles of Confederation. This
body was well prepared for its work. Its members had
lived under and had studied the English constitution
and common law. They had passed through all the
exciting experiences of the struggle for independence.
They had been witnesses to the weakness of the Con-
tinental Congress and the inefficiency of the Confeder-
ation. They had been educated by these trials to
appreciate the fact that no government could be success-
ful that was not invested with all the necessary powers
of preservation. They understood that any government
must prove a failure which was unable to not only
legislate, but enforce legislation, to raise revenues,
maintain armies, and do all other things essential to
sovereignty in its broadest and highest sense. They had
learned something more from these experiences. They
had learned that no national government could ever be
successfullv established and maintained that was a

510 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

creature of the States, or that was a mere compact or
agreement between States. As to whatever power it
might have, it should be independent of and supreme
over States and people alike. When they reached this
point in their deliberations, they boldly resolved to set
aside the Articles of Confederation which they had been
appointed to revise, and discard the theory of a league
or compact. They recognized that the people of all
the States were the proper source and origin of all right-
ful authority, and determined to frame a constitution in
the name of the people, and for the people, and to sub-
mit it to the people for their approval and adoption.
The result was the Constitution of 1787, of which Mr.
Gladstone has said: "It is the most wonderful work
ever struck off at a given time by the brain and purpose
of man."

Its general scheme was a Federal Government of
three co-ordinate, independent departments. Time has
shown this to be a most happy distribution of power.
It has met with such universal favor that no one has
ever thought to change it.

When they came to details, aside from slavery and
certain particulars in which it was amended soon after
adoption, the framers were scarcely less fortunate.

We are a restless, aggressive and progressive people,
impatient of all restraint. It is not singular, therefore,
that there is now and then complaint against some
provision that may, for the time being, come in contact
with our desires, but we seldom have to wait long for
transpiring events and changing conditions to answer
our objections.

Just at present the Senate is much criticised, but in-
vestigation has developed the fact that the trouble is
with individuals rather than the body, and the people
can be trusted to make such changes as will enable it

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 511

to regain its accustomed dignity, efficiency, integrity
and popularity.

Of late years we have heard much about election
disturbances, and to avoid having them too frequently
it has been proposed, with much show of support at
times, to change the Presidential term to six years, but
we have probably heard the last of this demand, for it
is now pretty generally conceded that four years are
quite long enough.

And so it is that the longer it stands the better we
become satisfied with it.

But the most important feature of the Constitution,
for the purposes of this occasion, is found in the follow-
ing stately declarations of its preamble :

"We, the people of the United States, in order to
form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure
domestic tranquillity, provide for the common defense,
promote the general welfare and secure the blessings of
liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and
establish this Constitution for the United States of
America."

These are golden words. They are worthy of the
Convention presided over by George Washington. They
constitute the great, broad foundation-stone upon which
rest all the governmental institutions of America.

Upon them Webster stood master in argument. In-
spired by them Lincoln was immovable in administra-
tion, and Grant was invincible in war. When we recall
them, and the history leading up to them, it seems in-
credible that we should ever have had serious differ-
ences, let alone war, as to whether or not a State of this
Union had a constitutional right of secession.

And yet, incredible as it may seem, such was the fact.
The trouble was not to understand the language that
had been employed, for that was unmistakably plain.
It arose from the fact that we had two kinds of civiliza-

512 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

tion — one freedom, and the other slavery — one estab-
lished in the Northern States, and the other in the
Southern States, and the Constitution undertook to
compromise their differences and protect and perpetuate
both. That was possible for the time being, but im-
possible as a permanent provision. Their influences
were at fatal war with each other. They could not
peaceably co-exist. What Mr. Seward characterized as
an irrepressible conflict was inevitable. It came, and it
was early foreseen that we would have no cessation of
the contest until we became either all slave or all free.
The rivalry naturally took the form of a struggle for
political power. The great question was whether free-
dom or slavery, the North or the South, should control
the destinies of the Nation.

At first, slavery was in the ascendency, but the North
outgrew the South in population and material develop-
ment. The South sought to maintain her control by
regulating the admission of new States, by the acquisi-
tion of Texas and other territory, and by threats and
menaces whereby compromises were secured and friend-
ly legislation was enacted. Despite all these helps she
steadily lost ground until it soon became apparent that
it was only a question of time when she could no longer
control. She was represented by able men. They were
far-seeing. They professed to believe in slavery, that
cotton was king, and that there was no safety for them,
except they should govern. Foreseeing the time when
they could no longer rule, they deliberately conspired
to ruin. In this behalf they revived the doctrine of
State sovereignty, which had been destroyed by the
abrogation of the Articles of Confederation, and made
it a cardinal point of their political faith. Their con-
tention was, when stated in plain language, that each
State had a constitutional right to destroy the Constitu-
tion. They insisted that any State could, lawfully and

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 513

constitutionally, withdraw from the Union whenever it
might see fit to do so. This doctrine was an iniquitous
heresy. It was opposed to all ideas of stability and
permanency. It meant weakness, confusion and an-
archy. It was the end of all our progress and power.
It meant that this great country should be subdivided
and Mexicanized. Instead of one mighty Republic, we
were to have a lot of petty States. Instead of one flag,
we were to have two, six, a dozen — no man could tell
how many. If the South could secede, so could the
East, the West, the Middle States, or any single
vState.

The success of such a doctrine was the end of self-
government. And what was the purpose? Why was
such a doctrine espoused? Why were such conse-
quences invited? What good was to come as a com-
pensation for all these evils?

No good whatever. The object sought was worse
than the doctrine invoked. The sole purpose was to
protect and perpetuate human slavery.

And what was human slavery? You get no adequate
idea of the character of that institution from the mere
statement that it was the holding of human beings in
bondage.

You begin to comprehend its stupendous wickedness
only when you think of the auction-block and the
whipping-post, and recall that it was by law made a
crime to teach the slave the letters of the alphabet, or
administer to him the ordinances of marriage and bap-
tism.

It not only deprived its victims of liberty and exacted
from them unrequited toil, but it purposely and by pro-
visions of law debased and degraded them as nearly as
it was possible to the ignorance and dependence of ani-
mal chattels.

It had another and an equally bad result. It blunted

514 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

the moral sensibilities of those who believed in it, up-
held, defended and enjoyed it.

It is a law of our nature that we cannot do conscious
wrong to others without a corresponding injury to our-
selves. There is a reflex action which smites the con-
science and sears it. Slavery inflicted this penalty upon
its votaries, and thus prepared them to allow the horrors
and barbarities of Andersonville, Libby and Salisbury.

It was simply a vile curse, wicked in itself and wicked
in all its teachings and influences.

And yet it was for this the doctrine of State sover-
eignty was invoked. It was for this the doctrine of
secession was instilled. It was for this the work of
Georee Washington was to be undone. It was for this
the flag was to be struck down. It was for this the
Union was to be dismembered. It was for this the ex-
ample of America governing herself was to be ended in
humiliation and shame. It was for this the Potomac
and Ohio Rivers were to be made boundary lines be-
tween hostile governments. It was for this we were to
have at least two countries, two constitutions, two pres-
idents, two flags and two destinies.

They argued long and fiercely, but the people decided
against them. The verdict was rendered at the ballot
box in i860, when they elected Abraham Lincoln. He
was chosen to administer according to the Constitution
and the laws. Under these, slavery was secure wher-
ever it existed. There was no purpose to interfere with
it. Mr. Lincoln so announced. The official utterances
of the political party he represented so declared. Every
assurance was given that all rights of person and prop-
erty would be respected. But all in vain. The leaders
would not abide the result. They would not accept
guarantees. They were deaf to entreaty. They would
not listen to either argument or persuasion. The time
had come against which the conspirators had conspired.

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 515

They could no longer rule ; they proceeded to ruin.
State after State declared itself out of the Union, joined
the Southern Confederacy and engaged in preparations
for war.

The loyal people of the North were slow to believe
they intended what they professed. They could not
think it possible they would take the last fatal step.
Until the last moment they had confidence there would
be no blood shed. Their hope was in vain. On the
12th day of April, 1861, the opening gun was fired. A
more causeless war never was. No war was ever waged
on more inexcusable legal and moral grounds. It was
simply treason and rebellion, without the excuse of bad
government or oppression of any kind to provoke it, for
it was war against the best government ever instituted
among men. It was without the excuse of necessity to
save from peril any kind of existing interest. It had
not one single redeeming feature in either its origin, its
theory, or its purpose.

This is mentioned with particularity, because with
some people it seems to have become quite fashionable
of late years to try to make it appear that after all that
great struggle was nothing more than a sort of family
quarrel, in which one side was as much at fault as the
other.

All such talk should be indignantly resented. It is a
slander upon the brave men to whose memory we dedi-
cate this Monument. No braver men ever followed a
flag than were the Soldiers of the Confederacy. They
brought to the support of their cause all that valor and
devotion could bring, but when it comes to the right
and wrong of that struggle, there is no room for argu-
ment. The Union side was altogether and absolutely
right, and the other side was altogether and absolutely
wrong. It is mistaken sentimentalism, and unwarranted
misrepresentation to say anything else. This is not sec-

516 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

tionalism, and it is not said in any spirit of unkindness.
Nobody wants to hurt anybody's feelings, but if we
must give offense, let it be to those whom the truth will
wound.

It was not until after the Union had been dissolved,
a hostile government had been organized, armies had
been raised, war declared and the flag actually fired
upon, that the Union cause was referred to the sword.

The people of the North did not want war. They
were a peaceful people. They were engaged in busi-
ness. They had no dreams of chivalry. They cared
nothing for martial glory and distinction. They were
willing and anxious to make any sacrifice for the sake
of peace, consistent with their sense of duty and loyalty,
but they were not willing to let the Union perish, and
if nothing but war would save it, they were ready for
the dread alternative. The roar of the guns at Fort
Sumter had not died away until the challenge to battle
was accepted. No words can exaggerate the outbursts
of enthusiasm and the manifestations of patriotism that
followed. From Maine to California the whole loyal land
fairly blazed and burned. Flags were everywhere flying,
drums were everywhere beating, volunteers were every-
where marching, tears were everywhere streaming.
Husbands said good-bye to their wives, fathers to their
children, sons to their mothers, and lovers to their
sweethearts. From the farms, the workshops, the
counting-houses, the school-houses ; from every employ-
ment, vocation and calling of our diversified social and
business worlds men literally rushed to arms. They
neither asked for nor thought of rank, pay or position.
Their only desire of purpose was to suppress rebellion,
punish treason, maintain the Union and preserve the
Constitution. They thought only of this great country,
with its tremendous possibilities for good to all man-
kind, and of their duty to posterity, as they turned their

SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS' MONUMENT. 517

backs upon their homes of peace and happiness, and
left behind with their ambitions and aspirations all that
was near and dear, to do and die if need be, that this
Nation might live.

History will be searched in vain for the record of
greater self-sacrifice, a more unselfish patriotism, or a
more devoted consecration to duty. No army was ever
more representative of the people from which it sprang,
more distinctly volunteer, or moved by nobler impulses.
No bitterness, hatred, revenge, or spirit of conquest was
in any heart. Of all the millions who rallied around
the flag, not one wanted to take life, or destroy proper-
ty, except as stern duty might require. Every man
knew and appreciated that he was to fight his own
countrymen, not to destroy, but to save them. Not be-
cause he hated or despised them, and wanted to drive
them away from us, but because he loved them, and
loved their country, and wanted them and their country
to remain in the Union where our fathers had placed
them, to go forward with us as one people and one
country to a common greatness and a common glory.

Such Soldiers should have been triumphantly suc-
cessful from the beginning, but for a time they were
only partially so. The trouble was in the fact that we
had two questions to deal with when we commenced —
one legal, and the other moral — one as to how the Con-
stitution should be interpreted, the other what should
be done about slavery. The law question was ours ;
the other was God's question.

With man's characteristic selfishness we undertook
to confine the War to the settlement of our own ques-
tion, and left God's question to shift for itself.

Mr. Lincoln was careful to announce that he would
save the Union with slavery if he could — without slav-
ery if he must.

Accordingly, for the first eighteen months of the War

518 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

we tried to save the Union with slavery. The effort
was a failure. It was a failure because we were without
Divine approbation. The Almighty seemed to act, if
I may say so without irreverence, as though so long as
we allowed His question to take care of itself, He
would allow us to take care of ourselves. He was deaf
to our prayers. Why should He not be when success
meant only the preservation and perpetuation of human
slavery ?

We were defeated at Bull Run, repulsed at Ball's
Bluff, and subjected to one kind of disappointment after
another, with just enough of success now and then in-
terspersed to keep us from becoming utterly discour-
aged, until we were finally brought to see that both the
necessity and the duty of the hour alike required us to
broaden the issues, and strike for the destruction of the
institution which was the mother of secession and the
source and origin of all our troubles.

When that hour came, Abraham Lincoln said the
bond should go free. His proclamation was a second
Declaration of Independence. It rang out like an alarm-
bell at midnight. It challenged the attention and en-
listed the sympathy of the right-thinking people of the
whole world. It exalted and intensified the loyalty of
all loyal men. It made every sympathizer with treason
writhe and squirm. It kindled the eye, flushed the
cheek, nerved the arm and made stouter and braver the
heart of every Union Soldier and Sailor.

From that time forward the War meant something
worth praying for, fighting for and dying for. The tide
turned. The navy won victory after victory, and the
army swept on with irresistible power to Vicksburg and
Gettysburg, Atlanta and the Sea, the Wilderness and
Appomattox.

But, oh ! how bloody the way ! Comparisons show
there has been nothing equal to it in modern warfare..

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 519*

At Waterloo, the entire loss of Wellington's army, both
killed and wounded, was less than twelve per cent.
Napoleon lost less than fifteen per cent, at Ansterlitz,
and a still smaller percentage at Morengo, Eylan and
Wagram, while the average loss on both sides was less
than thirteen per cent, at Magenta, Solferino, Grave-
lotte and Sedan.

In more than one hundred of our battles the losses
exceeded fifteen per cent., while atShiloh, Stone River,
Chickamauga, Gettysburg, the Wilderness and Spot-
sylvania they were over thirty per cent., and in some
instances more than forty per cent.

It is impossible on such an occasion as this to tell the
story of such service. It is too long, too pathetic, too
heroic and too patriotic to be dealt with except only by-
history. Suffice it to say the hardships endured, the
valor displayed, the treasure expended, and the blood
that was shed, are without a parallel in the annals of
the world.

As the years go by we shall forget the different regi-
ments, brigades, divisions, corps, and, in time, even the
armies of the Potomac, the Cumberland and the Ten-
nessee. Only a few great names like those of Grant,
Sherman, Sheridan and Thomas will continue to enjoy
individual renown. All the rest of that mighty host
will become blended into a common rank to be remem-
bered only as the great Union Army.

But while individual names and deeds will be for-
gotten, the results of their achievements will live.
They are enduring as the Republic itself. Our heroes
fought not for a day, but for all time ; not for transient
ideas, but for everlasting principles ; not to subdue a
few dissatisfied States, but for the integrity of our whole
great empire ; not for themselves alone, but for their
enemies as well, and the proudest and most gratifying
thought any Union Soldier can have must be that

520 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

already the time has come when those who met
him on the field recognize that his victory was their
victory as well, and to-day stand pledged to uphold and
preserve the Government they then sought to destroy.
Their triumph brought freedom, peace, prosperity,
power and promise to all the people of every section of
an undivided and indivisible country.

Cuyahoga County is justly proud of her part in the
struggle. Her sons bore a conspicuous part on the
water and participated among the foremost in every*
great battle of the War.

Wherever men were called upon to die, on either
land or sea, they were there to offer their lives. It is a
fitting tribute to place here, on this favorite spot, in
the heart of this great city, this beautiful Monument.
It shows a just appreciation of sacrifice, heroism and
fidelity to duty. Silently but eloquently it will teach
lessons of patriotism to all who shall look upon its tow-
ering shaft. No true citizen of the Republic can be-
hold it without a higher and nobler sense of the duties
and responsibilities of his citizenship. It will point
every child and student to the most thrilling and inspir-
ing chapter of our national history, and lift up all alike
to the highest planes of patriotic purpose.

And now as we engage in its dedication, let us also
dedicate ourselves anew to the interests of our country.
Let no man think he lives under the institutions these
men saved merely to enjoy them. There will be no
more slavery to abolish ; no more heresies of secession
to destroy ; no more such rebellions to suppress ; no
more wars of any kind between the North and the
South, but there is other work to do, less heroic, per-
haps, but scarcely less important.

No government will execute itself, and no form of
government will answer human requirements unless it
foe rightly administered. It is not the business of gov-

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 521

eminent to furnish employment or bread ; neither is it
the right of government, by imbecility or the applica-
tion of false theories, to paralyze business, destroy
prosperity and enforce idleness, with its consequent
misery and crime.

With industrial armies marching on Washington, and
the military of both the States and the United States
marching on organized labor ; with a coal miners'
strike that cost the country millions of dollars just
ended, and a railroad strike that will cost, no one yet
knows how many millions more, now in progress ; with
tens of thousands toiling for less than enough to secure
the necessary comforts of life, and other tens of thou-
sands in idleness, with unrest and sullen dissatisfaction
almost universal, we have a condition, not a theory,
confronting us, that invites and demands immediate
and serious attention.

We must not have either hunger or bayonets, and we
will not have either long. The mills and the factories
must be started ; the mines must be kept open ; the
railroads must operate, and all who are willing to work
must, shall and will have employment, and the whole
country must and will again enjoy prosperity. But
this change cannot be brought by violence. It must
come about in due form and orderly manner, under and
in accordance with the forms, provisions and require-
ments of law.

Let no man take the law into his own hands. It is
our sovereign rule, and whosoever strikes at it, strikes
at the only king we have. Every such blow, no matter
in whose name it is struck, or how it may be disguised,
is moral, if not legal, treason as rank and foul as was
the assassin thrust that struck down the President of
the French Republic.

If we would perpetuate what our fathers achieved,
and these Soldiers saved, we must suppress not only as-

522 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

saults upon constituted authority, but also the men who
make such assaults. We haYe no room, broad as our
country is, for the anarchist, the communist, the social-
ist, or the boycotter. They are all of the same ilk.
They are all un-American. They are all the enemies
of labor, as well as of capital. Their tyranny is greater
than that which precipitated the revolution. Their
success would mean the dissolution of society, and the
overthrow of the Republic.

Looking beyond our borders, the time has come for
the extension of our trade relations. We should not
only do business with all the world, but our full share
of it. This is particularly true as to the Western
Hemisphere.

The commercial dependencies of England are her
Greater Britain. They turn the wealth of the world to
the island that rules them, and make it the creditor and
financial dictator of all nations. Let us learn from ex-
ample not to be unduly ambitious, but to be sufficiently
so to subserve and protect our own best interests.
Not by violence, but by the moral force of our position
and relationships we should at least secure our own
from those who are our natural friends.

Other great questions are pressing upon us. We can
not escape them if we would, and we should not if we
could. In the immediate future we must answer
whether or not we intend to wait indefinitely upon the
pleasure of European nations for remonetization of sil-
ver. Some way must be found to secure their co-oper-
ation, or some way for us to act in safety without it.
Glittering generalities and plausible platitudes will no
longer answer. And how long, think you, will the
world continue to sail ships around the Horn ? Not
long. We must either build the Nicaragua Canal and
control it, or let somebody else do it. Let us not be
afraid to do it ourselves. Let us claim what belongs to

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 523

ns. Let us not be afraid to own the Sandwich Islands,
and every other island that may want to fly the Ameri-
can flag. Let us not be afraid to be greater than we are.
We have only to trust ourselves. Bloodless conquests
with rich rewards are before us. The good of the world,
as well as our own, commands us to go forward. Let
us not hesitate, but with broad, patriotic, comprehensive
statesmanship lay hold upon the peace, happiness,
power and glory that are within our grasp. Whether
we are Democrats or Republicans, let us be, first of all,
Americans.

The gifted orator was frequently applauded, and, at
the conclusion of his masterly effort, he was enthusi-
astically cheered.

The children then sang "The Star Spangled Banner."
Governor McKinley suggested to the audience that
they would be pleased to have presented to them two
ladies who were all but one of the survivors of the
women perpetuated in the bronze panel of the Monu-
ment devoted to the work of the Sanitary Commission
in this city during the War. Prompt and hearty ex-
pressions of approval were heard from every side.
Governor McKinley responded by introducing Mrs.
Sarah Adams Estabrook Thatcher and Mrs. Esther M.
Harris, widow of the late J. A. Harris, in the following
appropriate manner:

"My Fcllozv-Citizens : —

"I take the liberty of interrupting the ordered pro-
gram of the day long enough to give this great audi-
ence a surprise and a pleasure which I am sure they
will appreciate.

"I have been glad to observe that the projectors of
this Monument have given proper and conspicuous
recognition to the work of the women in the War.
They are too often forgotten in our memorials. No
memorial to perpetuate the lessons and sacrifices of the

524 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

War is just or complete without them. There is
nothing more deserved — there is nothing more inspiring
— than the panel in yonder Monument which records the
work of the women at home and on the field, for the
country and for the Soldiers who carried its standard
and fought its battles. There could have been no more
appropriate — no happier selection than the group of
figures presented in bronze to typify the services of
woman in the great struggle for the Union. Side by
side are those who toiled at home and those who served
in the hospital ; standing together for the same noble
cause are those who made the bandages and those who
applied them to the shattered limb. The Catholic sister
and the Protestant mother unite in loving ministrations.
What more beautiful sight to witness than the figure of
that magnificent American woman, Lucy Webb Hayes,
whose simple virtues have filled the whole country with
glowing pride and whose womanly example and lofty
character have blessed so many lives and homes! And
that other sweet figure — the Sister of Charity, pursuing
with unselfish love her noble calling, together tenderly
ministering to the wounded and dying Soldier. These
and the other figures familiar to most of you awaken
the tenderest memories and rekindle our admiration for
the noble women of the land. Many of the old Soldiers
here will recall them — their

' Kind words and gentle, when a gentle word
Was worth the surgery of an hundred schools,
To heal sick thought and make our bruises whole/
" On this platform are seated two of these noble
women, whose figures, though in bronze, are yet here
to speak, whose lives have been spared not only to see
their country saved, but to witness the dedication of
this splendid structure to immortalize the men and
women who helped save it.

" I have the very great honor to present to you (and

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 525

it is a pleasure I would not conceal) these patriotic
mothers, — Mrs. Peter Thatcher, whose work was in the
hospital, and Mrs. J. A. Harris, who was the Vice-Presi-
dent of the Soldiers' Aid Society of Northern Ohio.
God bless them!"

The appearance of these honored and venerable ladies
was greeted with much applause. They rose and went
forward for a few moments, gracefully bowing their
thanks. While standing, the assemblage gave three
rousing cheers in their honor.

DR. GILBERT'S POEM.

Rev. Dr. Levi Gilbert read a poem composed by him
for the occasion. He was given the high compliment
of close attention by the audience, even though they
had stood for two hours in the broiling sun, and was
frequently greeted with a hearty round of applause.
Dr. Gilbert's patriotic, spirited and soul-stirring poem
was as follows :

Shake out "Old Glory's" folds, each star display,
And hail it once again — our natal day !
We gather glad and, on this fitting date,
Memorial shrine and pillar dedicate;
Superb and stately, see it rising here,
Unique, magnificent, without a peer!
Revered Commissioners, your care here ends,
This glorious moment more than makes amends!
O, Soldier-Artist, toiling undismayed,
Thv inspiration's proof is here arrayed ;
Thy broad design — thy splendid, daring dream —
Evoke applause and merit all esteem !

Tell it again how swift the people rose,
Indignant, flaming, vengeful, t' oppose
The blow of traitors ; middle-aged and young,
In office, shop, and field aside they flung
Their work in haste — enlisted — marched away —
Enrolling mighty armies in a day !

526 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

It all comes back — the mother's kiss and sigh,
The swearing in, the drill, the last good-bye,
The uniform, the arms, accouterments,
The sentry's challenge, bugler's call, the tents,
The long, hard tramp, the skirmish, opening round,
The hurrying troops, the field guns, quaking ground,
The bayonets' gleam, the polished muskets' flash,
The sweating horse, the thundering wheels, the crash
Of cannon, shrieking grape, the grime, the heat,
The brandished swords, the shouts, th' attack, retreat,
The whizzing bullets, bursting bombs, the smoke,
The dense brigades, the orders, furious stroke,
The flapping flag, the wounded dripping red,
The falling, mangled, dying, and the dead,
The faces ghastly, arms tossed wide, the sob
Of dirge, the wail of fife, the drum's deep throb!

O, friends, 'twas this they suffered and endured
That our sweet liberties might be secured!
Eternal honor, honor — yet again
Immortal honor to these matchless men !
And these we trust, with never a fear or doubt,
To put all fawning demagogues to rout —
To ward corruption off and every wrong,
To keep our civic life ideal and strong!

O youth, from country lanes and city streets,
Be still and hear what speech this shaft repeats !
It bids each man be vigilant, be pure ;
It calls to all in times of fear, " Endure ! ",
Exhorting each to patriotic mind,
To leave all thoughts of self and ease behind.

O column, rising here amidst our streets,
Where, hot and fierce, the pulse of business beats,
With tramp of men and horses, rattling tires,
And rumbling car-wheels driv'n bv lightning fires —

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 527

Speak out, O pillared bronze, lest we forget
With all our toil — the daily fume and fret —
That life is more than meat ; that earth affords
Some things above our paltry gains and hoards,
Our worldly hopes and lusts, ignoble strife,
Our rivalries intense, with rancor rife !
Teach us to heed our duty's solemn call,
To give up home and dear ones — profits — all,
Meet death itself for high conviction's sake,
Serene as martyrs at the glowing stake !

I stand upon this old historic Square,
And seem to breathe some bright, diviner air ;
O Figure, with the shield and unsheathed sword,
Like thee, in wrath, at one commanding word,
An outraged North, ferocious, sprang to arms
And beat the drums and sounded war's alarms !

I see yon Cavalry — the blue, the gray —
With men and horses mixed in deadly fray ;
And there the gunners, on the battle-ship,
Are lifting bomb-shells to the mortar's lip ;
And there artillerymen upon the field —
Some serve, some fall — they die but never yield ;
And there a heap of color-bearers slain,
While others snatch the standard quick again !
How life-like war, in all its horrid guise,
Is pictured here before our awe-struck eyes !
But these are bronze, and you were flesh and blood
As in the carnage, soldiers, stern you stood !

Enter these portals, see these bas-reliefs —
These women brave and tender, pressed with griefs ;
What ministries in hospital, blockade,
In camp and field — what gracious care and aid !

O rare Relief Corps women, yours to try
To follow those who set a standard high

528 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

To urge yon on to play a noble part,

And take the heaviest burdens on your heart !

The closing scene was this in that dread war —
This panel that I stand in thought before :
The President, the generals, appear
In sober mood, but glad that peace is near ;
And when shall Peace her world-wide sway extend,.
And nation be to nation brother, friend ?
O God, that wars may cease, that soon the day
Of love may dawn and concord reign, we pray !

Ohio, nurse of heroes, I salute,
The first in statesmen, soldiers, and repute !
Victorious mother — Grant and Sherman, Chase,
Stanton and Garfield, Sheridan and Hayes —
Thy jewels these thou mayest proudly wear, —
But not alone — thy country claims a share —
And all the nations of thy sons have heard,
And hearts of freemen everywhere been stirred !

Thy grand war governors within stand forth,
Whose words heroic fired the loyal North ;
Inflexible each set his stubborn face,
Each heart as steadfast as this granite base !
What laud and laurel shall their mem'ries crown
Who led the Buckeye State to such renown ?

O, Black Man — slave no longer — bowing there
Unshackeled, jubilant, with eyes of prayer
In rapturous thanks upturned upon his face —
Th' Emancipator of thy sufF'ring race —
Spring up and take those arms and nobly fight
For freedom, manhood, justice, truth and right !
Your Father Abraham, on bended knee,
To God and man proclaims your liberty ;
The curse is dead — the crime is blotted out —
The thrall's unbound forever — sing and shout !

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 529

Our God had loftier purposes than we

In our shortsightedness could ever see ;

We aimed at union, he at union too,

But union purged from slav'ry through and through ;

No victories decisive could we gain

Till, led by Him, we washed away the stain !

For all the ships, O Goddess, lift thy flame
And welcome every land in freedom's name ;
No more a semblance — -a fictitious creed —
No more a lie — thank God, we're free indeed !
To all a welcome, but lift up thy voice,
Instructing all who make this land their choice
That liberty's not license — laws must stand —
Must be obeyed or ruin wrecks the land ;
And, most of all, adjure the public school
To teach the virtues needful to self-rule !

Our tears for France who mourns her Carnot slain,
Remind us sadly of our loss again ;
A hundred years from now what thoughts shall rise
Within their hearts who gaze in Lincoln's eyes —
Those eyes so sunken, sad ; O care-lined face,
O form ungainly ! yet what sweetness, grace !
What length of limb and body, and the whole
Transfigured by a towering, godlike soul !
O fallen form, o'erwhelmed in treason's flood,
Thy mission signed and sealed with martyr blood,
What strength and patience thine, what faith and hope —
What loyalty and courage that could cope
With dire disasters, unforeseen and new,
In every task, in every peril true !
O break thy silence, lips of bronze, and call
To patriot-service tho' like thee we fall !

Within that sacred tablet room I stood
Before the Soldiers' names — a multitude
In marble etched, Cuyahoga's valiant band

530 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

That rose in regiments to save the land ;

Who would not covet for himself a place

In such a roster? — who beholds each space

But envies every man his line and longs

To win some homage that to fame belongs ?

While swings the earth let generations spell

These names to emulate and love them well !

What praise, O Vet'rans, for your deed is fit,

What eulogy or epic, spoke or writ ?

To sing aright your prowess tasks our powers

But take, once more, this day, these hearts of ours !

We own our debt of gratitude immense,

We bid our children rise in reverence !

O, sons of Vet'rans — what a privilege
Is yours, what joy, what pride, what heritage —
What stimulus to deeds of fine acclaim
Is in a father's never-dying name !

Upon this list of battles rest your eye !
How wide they fought, how wide their bodies lie !
In swamp and mountain, forest, field and brake,
By creek and river, bayou, gulf and lake ;
Antietam, Vicksburg — how their names appeal ! —
Atlanta, Richmond, Gettysburg, Mobile,
Fort Wagner, Shiloh, Corinth, Cedar Mount—
O, visions grim with slaughter — read and count !

Your Army, Comrades, thin and thinner grows,
Too soon the last survivor deathward goes ;
Close up the ranks, give loyal love and large,

0 Brothers true in camp and march and charge !

Dear land, one land, one people great and free,
Illustrious now, but greater still to be ;

1 see thy sixty millions multiplied,

I see thy sister States, in bonds allied,

With pride of power and growth, of sons and fame,

SOLDIERS AND SAILORS' MONUMENT. 531

But prouder still of their great Nation's name !

I see the South come forth and celebrate

A Union, bound for aye, inviolate ;

She bows in thanks to Him whose plans withstood

Her hate and passion to her untold good ;

I see a land of bounteousness and peace

Where feuds and factions evermore shall cease,

Where law shall hold all anarchy in foil,

Wnere ample wages shall compensate toil,

Where capital and labor clash no more,

Where justice comes to all and plenty's store,

Where education and religion bless

A crowming race with truth and righteousness !

I see mankind, inspired, in every clime,

By sight of our democracy sublime,

Resistless rise to curb the tyrant's power,

Proclaiming this the people's day and hour !

Enfranchised masses break their bars of fate.

Republics spread and kings on subjects wait !

Then I reflect that wide humanity
Owes all of this to those who kept us free —
To those who fought to save our flag or died
For us, our sons, and all the world beside!

Fair city by the lake enthroned a queen,
Bedecked with all the forest's living green,
Accept in trust and guard this treasure here,
Thy county's off' ring to her victors dear;

0 hold it ever thy most precious prize,
More than all riches valued in thine eyes !

1 hear the panting engine's shriek and roar,
I see the vessels, laden deep with ore,

I see the chimneys' smoke — the foundries' glare —
I see the steam expand and fill the air ;
Thy wealth is great and great thy trade and art,
Thy homes and streets, thy factories, thy mart —

532 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

But, grander than all other song or boast.
This proud memorial exalts you most —
Yea this and Garfield's silent resting place
Shall be your glory's loftiest crown and grace !

Loom on, O Column, while the stars shall shine !
Wave on, O Banner, centuries are thine !
Move on, O City, to thy future vast !
Live on, O Country, while the world shall last !

Cheer upon cheer greeted the gifted poet, and, at the
conclusion of his brilliant effort, he was enthusiastically
applauded.

The exercises were now drawing to a close, and it
was already past the noon hour when the children rose
again to sing. This time it was " America," the words
of which cheer the American, and the music of which
causes our cousins across the border and on the other
side of the ocean to jump up and crack their heels to-
gether. The people heartily joined in this, and at the
conclusion, Monsignor Thorpe pronounced the benedic-
tion, in the following beautiful and appropriate prayer :

" Oh, almighty, eternal, all wise and merciful God,
look down propitiously on Thy children here assembled,
and bless the purpose and the object of our assembling.
Bless and consecrate forever to liberty and justice this
glorious emblem of emancipated humanity, under whose
starry folds we are come together. Bless this favored
Nation and perpetuate its freedom and preserve its in-
comparable Constitution against the machinations of
the unwise and the illiberal. Bless the memory of those
immortal heroes whose honored names yonder work of
human genius and generosity would carry down to in-
spire the patriotism of future generations. Bless our
rulers, both state and national, with wisdom and pru-
dence in the exercise of the powers Thou hast given
them. Bless this city of our love and this great com-

SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS' MONUMENT. 533

monwealth of which we are a part, with a strict adher-
ence to law in adjusting the difficulties between man
and man and with peace and plenty for the increase of
human happiness. Bless those children — the men and
women of the future — whose young and joyous voices
have gladdened this historic day, and also the well nigh
forty thousand to whose ranks they belong. Bless in
like manner the fifteen thousand other children of this
municipality, who are not represented, but whose love
of country is not less pure, intense and fervent than
that which found expression in those grand old songs so
dear to every American heart ; that all may dwell to-
gether in love and harmony. Bless our whole country
with a devout remembrance ot Thy providence and a
sense of profound reverence for Thy ever abiding pres-
ence. And may Thy choicest blessing, O, triune God,
Father, Son and Holy Ghost, descend upon us all and
dwell in our hearts now and forevermore. Amen."

This concluded the ever-memorable dedicatory ex-
ercises.

The gorgeous procession and its main features were
written up by the observing young men of the Leader
in manner following :

" What is declared by many to be the greatest pag-
eant ever seen in Cleveland occurred after the dedica-
tion of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument. In it were
6,000 men on foot and 400 emblematical floats and dec-
orated wagons. It was six miles long. The procession
moved over a line of march more than five miles long,
and when the platoon of mounted police in the van had
passed the reviewing stand many of the wagons had not
yet reached the advertised starting point from their
places of formation. At 2 o'clock the procession moved
from the corner of Superior and Water Streets, and it
was 6:10 o'clock when the last wagon passed the review-
ing stand at the City Hall. Two hours were required

534 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

in passing that point, despite the fact that, owing to the
late hour, the latter end of the procession was moved at
almost a double-quick. t

" Veterans of the War marched under their old battle-
flags, but in ranks sadly depleted by the casualties of
war and the ravages of time. They were received with
honors due men who had offered their lives on the altar
of patriotism and endured privation and suffering that
the Union might be preserved. Then there was the
military with steady tread and martial bearing, and a
great display on the part of the vast industrial resources
of Cleveland. The streets on the line of march were
handsomely decorated and thronged by one of the larg-
est crowds that has ever assembled in the city.

" The streets were cleared in advance of the proces-
sion by a platoon of mounted police, under the com-
mand of Lieutenant Schmunk. They made a fine
appearance and performed their duty in an efficient
manner. h.t the head of the procession rode the Mar-
shal of the Day, General M. D. Leggett, attended by a
staff comprising Chief of Staff, Colonel Allan T. Brins-
made ; Adjutant General, Major A. M. Burns; Assist-
ant Adjutant Generals, Colonel Myron G. Browne,
Colonel Frederick H. Flick, Colonel W. D. Pudney,
Captain T. K. Dissette, Captain E. D. Sawyer ; Aides-
de-Camp (mounted), Colonel H. B. Hannum, Captain
Peter Hitchcock, Colonel E. S. Coe, Captain H. Q. Sar-
gent, Captain E. M. Hessler, Lieutenant T. B. Sclmlt-
zer, Lieutenant Reuben Hitchcock, Lieutenant Harry
Robinson, Lieutenant J. V. McGorray ; Honorary Aides-
de-Camp (in carriages), Major W. J. Gleason, President
Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument Commission ; Captain
Levi F. Bauder, Secretary Soldiers' and Sailors' Monu-
ment Commission; Captain J. B. Molyneaux, Captain
Edward H. Bohm, Captain Levi T. Scofield, Colonel E.
W. Force, General James Barnett, General J. J. Elwell,.
Colonel Charles C. Dewstoe, Dr. R. W. Walters.

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 535:

" The place of honor at the head of the line was ac-
corded to the distinguished visitors, the members of the
Soldiers1 and Sailors' Monument Commission and other
veterans, the City and School officials, two surviving
members of the Soldiers' Aid Society, and members of
the Fourth of July Committee. Governor McKinley
occupied a seat in a carriage with Mayor Blee, and ex-
Governor Foraker shared a carriage with Major W. J.
Gleason, President of the Monument Commission. Vet-
erans of the Mexican War who rode in carriages were :
Hon. O. J. Hodge, Hon. M. R. Dickey, Charles Childs,
John O. Jones, and James W. Rhodes, of Cleveland ; A.
A. Hodge, of Mentor, and D. W. Rouse, of Geneva.

" Marshal James Hayr was in command of the First
Division, which was devoted to veterans' regimental or-
ganizations. The members of his staff were : Chief of
Staff, Charles A. Willard ; Assistant Adjutant-General,
George A. McKay ; Quartermaster-General, William-
Southwell ; Commissary-General, T. W. Brainard ; In-
spector-General, A. L. Knauff; Surgeon-General, Dr.
H. W. Kitchen ; Engineer, E. H. Bohm ; Chief Aide-
de-Camp, Dr. R. Horton ; Aides-de-Camp, J. L. Smith,
William S. Pay, Alexander Stewart, W. L. Pudney, E.
L. Pardee, A. H. Glover.

" The Second Ohio Volunteer Cavalry, commanded
by Captain A. S. Stratton, of Madison, led the line, with
48 men. The Sixth Cavalry followed, led by a platoon
of men carrying fifteen battle flags, the war colors of
various regiments, which attracted marked attention
throughout the line of march. There were 65 men in
line, under the leadership of Captain A. W. Fenton,.
Captain O. N. Ferry and Lieutenant W. H. Bullard.
The Third Cavalry had 10 men in line, under the com-
mand of Captain Frank Rieley ; Tenth Cavalry, Captain
Charles Selzer, 16 men; Twelfth Cavalry, Colonel J. F.
Herrick, 15 men ; Tenth Cavalry, Captain W. C. Cowin,,

536 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

9 men ; Fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, 1 man, R. D.
McCarter, of Columbus. The Seventh Ohio Volunteer
Infantry were under Captain W. A. Howe. They wore
a badge adorned with a rooster, the emblem of the regi-
ment, and carried four flags. The Eighth Infantry was
represented by Major J. C. Briggs, of Elyria ; Michael
O'Connell, Cleveland; A. Baldwin, Lorain, and C.
Locke, Oberlin, and the Fifteenth Infantry by J. N.
Walker and M. H. Kline. Eight men of the Nineteenth
Infantry were commanded by Dr. P. D. Reefy, Elyria ;
Sixteenth Wisconsin Infantry, Captain R. C. Rowe,
Elyria, 4 men ; Twenty-third Ohio Infantry, Captain
Benjamin Killam, 75 ; Twenty-fourth Infantry, J. W.
Kinney, who carried the regimental flag ; Twenty-
seventh Infantry, Captain M. F. Madigan, 9 men.
Major Herman Mayer, who was ' Little Dick ' of the
Thirty-second Infantry, represented that regiment and
carried the flag. The Thirty-seventh Infantry was led
"by Captain F. Siselman and comprised 18 men ; Thirty-
eighth Infantry, 3 men, C. D. Harrington, Matthew Os-
termeyer, of Cleveland, and H. Daily, of Fulton County ;
Forty-first Infantry, Captain W. J. Morgan, 33 ; Forty-
second Infantry, Captain B. F. Phinney, 20; Forty-third
Infantry, Captain A. L. Howe, 8 ; Fifty-eighth Infantry,
A. J. Symes, H. H. Kerr, and Frederick Chandler; Six-
tieth Infantry, Captain W. H. Farrand, 6; Fifty-first
Infantry, 6 men. The One Hundred and Third Infantry
was commanded by General J. S. Casement, of Paines-
ville. It was headed by the Grand Army of the Repub-
lic Drum Corps, of Elyria, the members of which pre-
sented a very natty appearance in Zouave uniforms, and
there were 100 of the veterans in line. General A. C.
Voris, of the Sixty-seventh Infantry, was in the city,
but was unable to march on account of indisposition,
and Colonel G. L. Childs was in command. J. A. Mc-
intosh was the only representative of the Seventy-eighth

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 537

Infantry. Major A. Vignos, of Canton, who Lost an
arm at Gettysburg thirty-one years ago yesterday, led
75 men of the One Hundred and Seventh Infantry. Dr.
E. W. Poole was at the head of 40 men of the One Hun-
dred and Seventy-seventh Infantry. Colonel James
Pickands was in command of the One Hundred and
Twenty-fourth Infantry and there were 60 men in line,
three of the members forming a drum corps. The One
hundred and Twenty-fifth Infantry, Captain R. C. Rice,
had 20 men ; One Hundred and Fiftieth Infantry, Colonel
W. H. Hayward, no men. Major J. Dwight Palmer
marched in the front rank and led the regiment in sing-
ing. The First Ohio Volunteer Artillery, Captain N. A.
Baldwin, Garrettsville, had 120 men in line; Ninth In-
dependent Battery, Captain H. B. York, 12 men ; Nine-
teenth Battery, Captain J. C. Shields, 41 men ; Fifteenth
Battery, Captain T. C. Stokes, Olmsted, 18 ; Sixty-fifth
Infantry, 3 men ; Twentieth Battery, Captain William
Backus, Lieutenant William Xeracher, 50 men ; Union
Veterans' Union and Battery K, First Ohio Artillery,.
General W. T. Clark, 200 men.

" Eight of the men of the navy were aboard a hand-
some launch under the command of Captain J. S. Jones.
They had served on the gunboats Yantic and Towah
and the steam ram Monarch. B. F. Benz, of the Sec-
ond New York Cavalry, and C. Heron, Fifth New York
Cavalry, were also in the division. Members of the
Eighth Infantry rode in three carriages. At the head
of the division marched the Great Western Band.

"The members of the Grand Army of the Republic
who did not march with the regimental organizations
formed the Second Division. They were under the
command of General E. E. Nutt, Commander of the
Department of Ohio, G. A. R. The members of his
staff were: Assistant Adjutant-General,. T. B. Marshall,.
Sidney, O.; Chief of Staff, D. S. Wilder, Columbus, O. ;..

53^ HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

ReY. G. B. Smith, Chaplain ; Member of Committee of
Administration, J. C. Roland ; Aides, W. H. Snrles,
Hast Liverpool; A. P. Howard, Wellsville, O.; E. L.
Patterson, W. C. Cowin, G. C. Barnes, J. S. Hobbs, M.

A. Lander, C. W. Sanborn, J. B. Swartwood, O. P. Lati-
mer, C. E. Griswold, C. D. Harrington, R. S. Gross, J.
F. Herrick, D. A. Kimball, J. C. Walton, E. S. Libby,

•0. L. Neff ; Orderlies, J. E. Waffle, C. H. A. Palmer, B.
J. Oviatt, O. H. Matthews, W. V. Molyneanx.

"The right of the line was held by Memorial Post,

• 96 strong, under the command of Captain D. G. Nesbitt.
Army and Navy Post, Captain L. W. Day, had 80 mem-
bers ; Brooklyn Post, Captain John Sweisel, 24 ; and J.

B. Steedman Post, Captain J. B. Fay, 20. Forest City
Post was commanded by Captain I. L. Bnskirk. Cleve-
land City, O. J. Crane, and Commodore Perry Posts
were also represented in the line. Thirty members of
the Sons of Veterans were commanded by Captain J. C.
Blackburn. A number of invalid veterans rode in a
wagon.

" A brilliant feature of the parade was the Military
Third Division. There was the glint of polished arms
and the maneuvers of finely trained bodies of men to
interest the crowd, and the Soldier boys were equal to
the occasion. They never marched better, and never
appeared to better advantage. Colonel J. J. Sullivan
was the Marshal of the Division, and he was assisted in
the command by Captain J. C. Roland, Chief of Staff ;

■Captain H. R. Adams, Assistant Adjutant-General;
Aides, Captain Julius Carrington, Captain D. Z. Norton,

•Captain J. S. Dickie, Captain J. W. Warwick, Captain

H. A. Griffin, Captain J. D. Connolly, Captain Charles

P. Salen, Captain C. E. Sullivan, Captain Eugene Ong.

" The First Cleveland Troop, under the command of

Lieutenant H. B. Kingsley, had 40 men in line, and

'Colonel C. L. Kennan commanded the Fifth Regiment,

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 539

the members of which appeared in fatigue uniforms
which they wore during their recent campaign in the
coal regions. The regiment was headed by the Grand
Army Band of Canton. Colonel Kennan and his staff
on horseback led the regiment. The regiment was rep-
resented by Company G, Norwalk, Captain H. L. Stew-
art; Company K, Captain D. H. Pond; Company A,
Captain L. R. Davies ; Company F, Captain C. X. Zim-
merman ; Company L, Captain A. F. Lawrence ; Com-
pany B, Captain Fred. Lawrence. There were 250 men
in line.

" The Cleveland Light Artillery, Captain G. T. Mc-
Connell, had 58 men in line ; Association Rifles, Captain
J. C. Beardsley, 58 ; Cleveland City Guards, Captain W.
A. Hare, 62 ; Cleveland Scots Guards, Lieutenant P. A.
McKenzie, 48; Chisholm Scottish Guards, Captain J.
W. Thompson, 33 ; Gattling Gun Battery, Lieutenant
D. O. Caswell, 43 ; Cleveland Grays, Captain H. Frazee,
102 ; and Company A, of the Seventy-fourth New York
Regiment, Captain W. A. Darner, 38 men.

" The Fourth Division of the procession was com-
posed of the uniformed civic and semi-military organi-
zations. Colonel John W. Gibbons was in command.
His Chief of Staff was Colonel Martin A. Foran, his
Assistant Adjutant-General, Major D. W. Johns, and
his Aides, Captains S. A. Taggart, Morris Porter, N.
Weidenkopf, A. L. Bryan, and J. Stovering. The First
Brigade of the division was in charge of Colonel Charles
A. Davidson, whose Aides were Captains E. H. Towson,
F. H. Durstine, and George Davis. Colonel John Dunn
commanded the Second Brigade, his Assistant Adjutant-
General being Captain John Wilhelm, and his Aides,
Captains James Rochford, John Vevera, John Malow-
ski, John Weser, John Fruck. The Sixth Regiment,
Uniformed Rank Independent Order of Odd Fellows,
led the First Brigade of the division. Colonel C. L.

54-0 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

Alderson was in command, his staff consisting of Major
C. E. Benham, Captain R. W. Drackett, Major Philip
Hyle, Captain A. J. Spencer, and Captain H. G. Sipher.
The Odd Fellows were 300 in line, exclusive of the Odd
Fellows' Band of Cleveland, which marched at their
head and consisted of thirty pieces. The next organi-
zation in line was the Second Regiment, Uniformed
Rank, Knights of Pythias. The regiment was com-
posed of 250 men, and was preceded by the Drum and
Trumpet Corps of the Second Ohio Regiment, Knights
of Pythias. Colonel T. W. Minshull commanded, the
following being his staff: Lieutenant-Colonel G. H.
Macey, Major A. Petzke, Major F. J. Panek, and Adju-
tant Tony S. Deisner. Seven companies of the regiment
were represented. Following the Knights of Pythias
were Companies A and B, Commandery No. 9, Knights
of the Golden Eagle. Sixty men were in line, Captain
Samuel Eaton commanding. Alpha Division No. 1,
Royal Arcanum, 18 men in line, marched next, Captain
C. M. Hiles commanding. Next was Anchor Castle,
Knights of the Golden Eagle, 14 in line, Captain Miller
commanding. The Middleton Fife and Drum Corps
preceded the Avery Drill Corps, under the command of
Captain W. A. McDonald. Forty were in line in the
drum corps. The Gray Cadets, Captain R. H. Morgan,
presented a good appearance, and were 70 men strong.
" Major M. Millard and Adjutant Dudley Wick, Jr.,
were in charge of a battalion of Boys' Brigade, which
numbered 310 recruits. The companies were as fol-
lows : Pilgrim Cadets, Captain John Glueck ; Living-
stone Cadets, Captain F. M. Douttiel ; East Madison
Avenue Presbyterian Church Brigade, Captain C. L.
Chalfant ; South Presbyterian Church Brigade, Captain
McQuillet; Franklin Circle Church of Christ Brigade,
Captain Clyde Lawrence ; Second Presbyterian Church
Brigade, Captain Ralph Huntington ; Jennings Avenue

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 541

Methodist Episcopal Church Brigade, Captain Harry
Keim ; Music Hall Cadets, Captain Clayton Horning ;
Euclid Avenue Presbyterian Church, Captain Amos
Denison ; Willson Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church,
Captain Frank C. Brainard ; Brooklyn Village Method-
ist Church, Captain E. T. Foote ; Trinity Cathedral
Knights of Temperance, Captain F. R. Morley. The
battalion of Boys' Brigade was accompanied by an effi-
cient drum corps. The Patriotic Sons of America were
next in line, 25 strong. The company was commanded
by Captain C. C. Benham. This ended the First Bri-
gade of the Fourth Division.

" The Second Brigade was devoted to the Catholic
societies. First was the Hibernian Rifles, in two com-
panies, commanded respectively by Captains M. P. Cum-
mings and John Fleming. Seventy-five men inarched.
The Cleveland companies of Knights of St. John fol-
lowed, 446 strong, as follows : Knights of St. George,
Captain Girard Hip'pler ; Knights of Father Mathew,
Captain J. T. O'Brian ; Sheridan Commandery, Captain
C. A. Dainz ; Immaculate Conception Commandery,
Captain John L. Noonan ; St. Francis' Commandery,
Captain F. Armbruster ; Washington Commandery,
Captain P. H. McMahon ; Shields Commandery, Cap-
tain T. G. Smith ; Lafayette Commandery, Captain
Joseph Graham ; St. Peter's Commandery, Captain A.
Besinger ; St. Michael's Commandery, Captain John
Widerowski ; Washington Cadets, Captain F. M. Finn-
can ; Knights of St. Wenceslaus, Captain Joseph Dick.
The Knights of St. Kasimir, 28 in number, came next,
Captain M. P. Kinola in command, after which the
Society of St. Wenceslaus, 30 strong, under the com-
mand of Captain Florian Finkes, marched. The
Knights of Father Mathew, of St. Malachi's Assembly,
34 in line, were commanded by Captain Ignatius Long-
tin. St. Imri's Society, preceded by the Pythian Cadet

543 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

Band, marched 21 in line, under command of Captain
John Balasc. St. Ladislav Society of St. Elizabeth
Church turned out to the number of 100, and was com-
manded by Captains John Weiger and John Nemit.
St. Peter's Society of St. Prokop's Church, under the
command of Captain V. Sprosty, was present 100 strong.
The brigade devoted to the Catholic societies closed
with two carriages. In one of these rode Rev. George
Vaney and Rev. Dr. Patrick Farrell, while in the other
were C. J. Manix, President, W. M. Dillhoefer and J.
W. Bartunek, Vice Presidents, and George S. Gibbons,
Secretary, of the Catholic Central Association.

" The following were the Marshals and Aides in the
Fifth Division, which was devoted to the exhibits of
business houses both in manufacturing and mercantile
lines: Colonel Elroy M. Avery, commanding ; Assistant
Adjutant General, Captain John J. Dalton ; Aides, Cap-
tain W. T. Robbins, Captain E. L. Harris, Captain E.
S. Bullis, Captain W. H. H. Gorham, Captain Arthur A.
Kuntz, Captain Harry C. Mason, Captain D. W. Shaw,
Captain Paul Bernhard. First Brigade — Major Charles
H. Smith, commanding ; Adjutant, R. Marshal Coulton;
Aides, Captains O. A. Ross, T. W. Hill, Henry E. Morri-
son, Edward W. Moore, J. L. Smith. Second Brigade —
Major William M. Bayne, commanding ; /Adjutant, Cap-
tain L. J. Rowbottom ; Aide, Captain Dr. F. W.Davidson.
Third Brigade — Major Charles W. Burrows, command-
ing ; Adjutant, Captain David S. Perkins ; Aide-de-
Camp, Captain G. W. Kohlmetz. Fourth Brigade —
Major L. I. Pope, commanding ; Adjutant, Captain E.
M. Carleton ; Aides, Captain D. W. Davis and Captain
J. H. Bigelow.

" The floats and wagons which bore the advertise-
ments of the business men of Cleveland were of varied
design and many of them very handsome. First came
an historical float which was designed bv Cooks Bros.

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 543

The float was typical of Cleveland when it was founded
in 1796, and contained five figures, one of which repre-
sented Moses Cleaveland.

" This was followed by more than three hundred
handsomely decorated floats and wagons, emblematic
of the merchants and manufacturers of the city, all
combined making up such a gorgeous display as was
never before witnessed in onr prosperous city.

" The cool shade afforded by the City Hall building
at the close of yesterday afternoon was greatly appreci-
ated by the ladies and gentlemen who sat in the large
stand which had been erected in front of it for review-
ing the procession. The stand was on the north side
of the street, and, besides occupying a large portion of
the sidewalk at that point, it extended some distance
over the curb. The interior was of ample size for seat-
ing several hundred persons, and the chairs were ar-
ranged in tiers rising one above the other. The front
and sides of the stand were tastefully decorated with
bunting and flags, and the top was arranged with a
canvas cover, to be used in case of rain. Fortunately
this safeguard was not needed. Admission to the stand
was by card only.

" The head of the procession was hardly well started
out Prospect Street when the seats began to be filled,
about as many ladies as gentlemen being seen. As the
procession appeared in sight on Superior Street, near
Erie Street on its return, patrolmen on guard compelled
the people who were pressing too close to the entrance
to the stand to make way for the occupants of the car-
riages, and when the mounted police had passed, the
vehicles were driven close to the stand, and the passen-
gers quickly stepped upon it. First appeared Governor
McKinley with Mayor Blee, the two passing to seats at
the center of the stand amid the cheers of the specta-
tors. Following close came the City and County offi-

544 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

cials. Postmaster Anderson, the members of the City
Council and School Council, the members of the
Mayor's Cabinet, the members of the [Monument Com-
mission, and prominent clergymen, attorneys, and busi-
ness men. The center of the front of the stand was
occupied by the Governor and the Mayor, who stood
and received the salutes of the men who passed before
them. Governor McKinley stood with his hat off, and
bowed repeatedly as his name was uttered. Occasion-
ally he spoke in reply. Several times, when the de-
tachments of the Boys' Brigade and other organizations
of boys passed the stand, he uttered a commendatory
word for the steadfastness with which they kept up
with the procession. It was 4:30 o'clock when the head
of the parade reached the stand, and the Governor and
Mayor remained in their places until it had passed, it
being then after 6 o'clock."

The appearance of the city and the scenes enacted
were graphically portrayed by the enterprising Leader
reporter as follows :

" The city wore her gayest dress yesterday. A mill-
ion flags and more fluttered in the breeze. Thousands
of yards of bunting draped the fronts of the public
biiildings. Thousands of yards were likewise used on
the business blocks. The Public Square and the down-
town streets radiating therefrom were aglow with colors.
In the brightness of the sunlight they presented a gor-
geous view. Wherever the eye was turned, flags of the
Nation appeared. Not only in the business portion of
the city did patriotism break forth in display, but
also in hundreds of homes, and the country's Inde-
pendence Day was marked by brilliant demonstra-
tion. Flags sprang from lawns and flower beds as
if by magic. Silken banners waved from mansion
and cottage alike. Everywhere was the spirit of loyalty
felt. On the West Side, and on the East Side, on the

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 545

South Side, and on the lake was its presence made
known.

" The Public Square was the center of decoration.
Dotted with countless and multi-colored sunshades,
summer hats, and dresses, the groundwork was com-
plete, so far as a Fourth of Juh- crowd was concerned.
Looking up Superior Street the first feature to attract
the attention of the observer was the tall electric light
mast, from the top of which went out long lines of little
flags, reaching to the buildings at the sides of the
Square. Like the ribs of a vast umbrella did they
spread over the crowd. Some of the flags were red,
others blue, others white, and still others red, white,
and blue combined. Myriads of brightly-painted paper
lanterns swung from their fastenings underneath the
trees. Telegraph poles were wrapped in colors from
top to bottom and added to the general holiday appear-
ance. The Soldiers' and Sailors' [Monument, from its
four flag staffs, presented bright emblems of the Nation,
which fluttered proudly from their fastenings. Hun-
dreds of little banners were suspended from the electric
railway wires above the streets. All around the Square
the buildings were gayly dressed. On the west side of
the Park the windows were draped with bunting
and supplied with flags. From the top of the Old
Court House a large emblem unfurled its folds. Just
under the eave was caught another, which formed a
semi-circle of colors and stars. Similar drapings
adorned the balcony and windows. At the entrance
door was placed a large portrait of Grant surrounded
with flags. On the north side of the Square, the Wick
block and the Society for Savings building presented a
lovely sight. Streamers of the national colors crossed
each other diagonally on the front of the former block
and formed a square at the top and sides. The general
effect was augmented bv dozens of little flasrs and

546 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

streamers. From the top of the tall building of the
Society for Savings waved one of the largest flags in the
State. Near the end of the staff were fastened two ropes
reaching to either corner of the roof. To these ropes
tiny streamers were attached. Over the eaves fell folds
of bunting. In the middle, near the top, were pinned
long rows of colors, which spread fan-like toward the
bottom. ' Liberty ' and ' E Plnribns Unum ' were
displayed in paintings. Half circles of flags fell from
the sills of the windows. A bright new banner floated
from the rooms of the Historical Society. The West
side of the Government Building was draped in tri-
colors, with the addition, here and there, of a stripe of
something else. Long streamers decorated the balcony,
and many bunches of bunting were swung from the
windows. Several flags of larger size were raised upon
the roof. The Cuyahoga Building did much towards
making the setting of the Square complete. Bright
new flags were fastened outside every window, and in
some were arranged, in decorative styles, various sym-
bols appropriate to the day. The main entrance was
prettily draped. The other buildings to the east of the
Square were also adorned. On the south the hand-
somely decorated dry goods stores attracted attention.
( hi the Euclid Avenue Block was a large star in colors,
while on either side was arranged a shield. Bunting;
spread over the front, falling from the middle to the
outer walls. On one of the stores was a large sign bear-
ing the words, ' Greater Cleveland.' The decorations
of the Forest City House and the adjacent streets were
nicely arranged. To those who glanced along Ontario
Street, a glimmer of flags appeared. All of the stores
were furnished with an abundance. E. R. Hull & Dut-
ton's store was covered with them. Crossed between
the windows and fastened in other designs, they
brightened the scene. A large flag floated from

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 547

the tower and another was swung from the opposite
corner.

" From the foot of Water Street to Euclid Station on
Willson Avenue, the line of march of the procession
was honored with special decorations. Superior Street,
on both sides, was draped in color. The tall blocks,
with their many designs, expressed a welcome to the
Veterans, and the visitors which will long be remem-
bered. The balconies of the Weddell House and the
American House were wound about with bunting and
studded with stars. The big store of J. L. Hudson
made a special effort. Festoons of cloth almost con-
cealed the front. Long stretches of solid blue mingled
with equal lengths of red and white. Across the front,
midway from the ground, were displayed the words :
' The Brighter Star — Our Country.' At the main en-
trance a picture of Lincoln, draped with old Glory, was
to be seen. Looking down Seneca Street from Supe-
rior, toward the lake, the front of the New Court House
loomed up in its dress of bright colors. The statue of
Justice was enshrouded in a handsome flag. At her
feet, on the top of an arch, was the head of Liberty,
from which radiated streamers of bunting. The win-
dows were neatly festooned. LTpper Superior Street, in
the vicinity of the City Hall, was viewed with delight
by the crowd. The Municipal Building itself was hand-
somely fitted out with flags which jutted from every
window. Little banners and big banners joined to-
gether in doing honor to the day. The Hollenden at-
tracted favorable comment, being adorned in gala attire
from basement to roof. On Euclid Avenue the large
blocks were nearly all made radiant with bunting and
flags. A great deal of originality and no small amount
of expense were manifest in the display. The Public
Library and school headquarters building, after almost
a day's work, was made to look exceedingly beautiful.

548 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

A wide expanse of bunting, converging at the center,
set off the front. On either side of it were other drap-
ings of a similar character. Folds of the national colors
fell from the sills of the windows and the balconies,
while scores of tiny flags fluttered in the breeze. Over
the main door was a framed portrait of Garfield, sur-
rounded on all sides by the colors he loved so well.
The Stillman was supplied with numerous decorations.
In the Arcade a great deal of festooning was done. A
beautiful floral wreath was received yesterday from Mrs.
C. F. Johnson, formerly Miss Ellen F. Terry, who was
a member of the Sanitary Commission. It was placed
in the Monument to decorate the panel representing
the Commission. Mrs. Johnson was invited to be pres-
ent at the exercises of the day, but was unable to do so.
Her home is in Hartford, Conn. The wreath was com-
posed of white carnations and English hardy doy. At-
tached to it was a silken band upon which was written,
' Ave et Vale ' in Latin, meaning 'Hail and farewell.'
" Never has the Public Square looked so beautiful as
it did last evening during the illumination in honor of
the Nation's birthday and the dedication of the Soldiers'
Monument. Its entire space, hemmed in by towering
buildings, was a blaze of light of many tints, and it
seemed as though a chapter out of the experience of
Aladdin had been thrust into the Nineteenth Century.
Everything within the enclosure was made to do service
for the central effect desired. The trees seemed to be
made of delicate fire with their load of fairy Chinese
lanterns, which also hung in rows and festoons all about
the Park. Every color and tint imaginable was shown
by them, but the national colors were predominant.
The lanterns were likewise of all shapes and sizes, and
the appearance of the aggregation, as they shifted their
position under the influence of the gentle breeze that
swept through the place, was most quaint and fairy like.

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 549

The entire space in the two western sections of the
Square was adorned with lines of these frail beacons.
They hung thickly from the boughs of the trees just
above the heads of the crowd, and cast a dreamy light
over the fountains, the flower beds, and the people.
The amphitheater in the northeast section was also
thickly set with the lanterns, and thousands of specta-
tors who witnessed the display of the evening from that
vantage point looked like a misty vision. Another
beautiful feature of the illumination was seen over the
streets leading into the Square. The cross wires sup-
porting the street car trolley wires were hung with the
little glass lanterns, which became so famous at the
World's Fair, on Wooded Island. The tiny cups were
of the three colors which unite in the Stars and Stripes,
and they were arranged in regular lines along the
streets. The effect was, to a spectator at a little dis-
tance, like that of a ceiling set with brilliant points of
vari-colored fire. The scene was dazzling in its splen-
dor. These little lights were on Superior and Ontario
Streets and Euclid Avenue and the number made use
of was very large.

" But the most brilliant effect of all was that pro-
duced on the electric light mast in the center of the
Square. The mast had been trimmed and decorated in
a manner never before attempted. At the top were the
eight arc lights as usual, but even the light from these
had undergone a change. Instead of the bright, white
light that is wont to stream from the high point of the
mast, the colors of the rays were red, white, and blue,
as in the other lights round about. But this is not all.
From the top of the pole to the platform, which stands
about twenty feet from the ground, there wound in
spiral form a line of bright incandescent globes which
fairly filled the center of the enclosure with effulgence.
The effect of the flashing points was charming and

550 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

most attractive. The globes were varied in color, run-
ning through the shades of blue, violet, purple, green,
and finally red and white, and the number of separate
lamps was so great as to render the combined radiance
almost too strong for the eye, if the one watching it
were close to the mast. The gleaming column, with its
intensely bright spiral, loomed upward like a triumphal
monument, and the attention that it received from the
spectators easily exceeded that given any other feature
of the evening's display.

" At various other points in the Square were arc
lamps set in globes of the prevailing colors, giving light
as well as patriotic inspiration and aiding to flood the
city's central park with chromatic harmony. The il-
lumination fell with renewed splendor on the immense
spread of bunting which decorated the Square. The
long, radiating lines of flags that stretched from the top
of the mast and the banners that covered the faces of
the nearby buildings, were alike thrown into promi-
nence and they added greatly to the brilliancy of the
scene.

" From the top of the tall building of the Society for
Savings were turned in various directions the beam-like
rays of three powerful electric search-lights. These were
manipulated by expert hands, and under the skillful di-
rection of the operators the various points of interest in
the central part of the city were in turn illuminated.

u Off in the dark sky, rendered doubly dark to the
eye grown accustomed to the glare of the immediate
vicinity, there would suddenly appear the outlines of a
tall building, thrown into prominence by the searching
reflector. This would pass out of sight as another ob-
ject appeared. The group of spectators in the park
watched the strange effect of the light, as it was turned
for a moment on some of their number and as quickly
moved in another direction agfain. The Soldiers' and

SOLDIERS1 AND SAILORS' MONUMENT. 55 1

Sailors' Monument, standing somber in the half light
that reached its top, was frequently thrown into strong
relief against the sky by the light that slowly traveled
up and down its granite column. First the gigantic
figure of Liberty at the top would be seen, as plainly as
in the brightest sunshine, and then the flash would
move down towards the tablet room and the bronze
groups that stand about the wide esplanade. Two of
the lights were covered with glass screens colored a deep
blue and a bright crimson, and these were turned upon
various objects in the Square. The immense flag which
floated from the roof of the Society for Savings build-
ing was illuminated several times by the combined ef-
fect of the three lamps. Thereby an exceedingly
beautiful effect was produced. Each color in the flag
took on a deeper tint of its own and the red stripes
were of a red as deep and pure as though all the ver-
milion and cochineal of a continent had been called
into use for the producing of that very tint. The blue
straightway became a royal purple of a richness almost
impossible and the white served to accent the effect of
the whole.

" Off in the distance, in every direction, were sky-
rockets and Roman candles and Greek fire. The street
was tinged with all the colors known to man. The
buildings about the Square were illuminated in every
room. The tower on the top of the store of E. R. Hull
& Dutton contained an arc light high on the top and
rows of incandescent lamps all around. From the roof
of the Lennox sprang streaks of fire, which, winding
their way into the bosom of the sky, went out in puffs
of colored stars.

" Down on the lake front, in Lake View Park, and on
the streets leading thereto, were numbers of spectators
who watched the display, sitting on the grass or walking
to and fro. The crack yacht, the Say When, came

552 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

in from the home of Hon. W. J. White, wreathed in
the national colors, which were given ont by the many
incandescent lights on board. The small boy made the
occasion a succession of deafening noises and wild
shrieks of amusement and joy. The cannon cracker
ended its peaceful existence with an explosion that
shook the neighborhood. The torpedo and the
shrieker closed up their accounts together, and the
country swain and his sweetheart enjoyed the show as
only the ruralist can enjoy a Fourth of July celebration
in the city. Slowly the noise and uproar ceased and the
pleasure-surfeited. public sought home and rest. Finally
the night obtained control and the lights went out. The
coming of darkness was the end of one of the greatest
celebrations of a patriotic nature the Forest City has
ever had, and the weary ones who had seen it all were
ready to give assent to the statement."

The Plain Dealer reporter thus glowingly describes
the carnival :

" The Square last evening resembled the scene of a
brilliant carnival, unparalleled in beauty. From the
base of the towering electric light staff in the center of
the Square to its peak it was twined with a spiral of in-
candescent lights, red, white and blue in color, and on
the platform around the top were larger globes, all in
the national colors. Completely encircling the Square
was a row of Chinese lanterns and these lent a softening
radiance to the whole effect. The thousand flags con-
verging at the top of the tall staff fluttered softly, whiz-
zing rockets sped upward and fell in multi-colored
brilliance, red and blue lights at intervals cast their
strong reflection over the surging crowd that gathered
early in the evening and stayed until late, and on the
outskirts of the scene the Society for Savings and
Cuyahoga buildings, with their every window lighted,
loomed above their surroundings. Three strong search-

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 553

lights on the former building were also used to good
advantage to enhance the beauty of the scene.

" And the crowd was a jolly, cosmopolitan assemblage.
The great grand stand in the northeast corner was
filled with people and a still larger, constantly changing
crowd promenaded the Square until midnight. The
people shouldered and elbowed each other in what
seemed sometimes an utterly futile attempt to make
any progress, but a better-natured lot of seething
humanity was never seen. Everyone realized that
Cleveland was en fete and wore his or her happiest smile
to grace the occasion. The city's holiday attire, the
brilliant lights, the people all combined to make the
scene one never to be forgotten.

" Governor McKinley expressed himself as very much
pleased with the Fourth of July celebration in this city
in conversation with a Plain Dealer reporter last even-
ing. He characterized it as a most fitting observance
of the day and said :

" ' The program was carried out in an excellent man-
ner, without jar or collision, and the citizens of Cleve-
land may well feel proud of the celebration. One of the
most impressive scenes of the day was the presence of
the 3,000 school children on the immense amphitheater
singing patriotic songs. The singing of the l Star
Spangled Banner ' and the waving of flags above their
heads was indeed inspiring.'

" In speaking of the parade, the Governor said that it
was one of the finest he had ever witnessed and was
handled in a magnificent manner. ' The troops looked
splendid and the independent companies presented a
fine appearance. The large number of the boys who
wore the blue in line was a very pleasing sight and one
of the features of the parade. The industrial display
was great.'

" The Governor attached a great deal of interest to

554 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

the presence of so many Veterans and felt a personal
interest in that portion of the parade, as two companies
of his old regiment were from this locality.

" ' Another interesting feature,' he said, ' was the
presence at the morning exercises of Mrs. Harris and
Mrs. Thatcher, the oldest surviving organizers of the La-
dies' Aid vSociety, who did such noble work during the
dark days of the War. Their attendance was an addi-
tion that made the affair complete in every particular.
The one other thing that put a finish to the grandeur
of the day was the decorations, which were profuse and
elaborate. Particularly was it true of the Square,
Euclid Avenue and Prospect Street.

" ' The whole day was a memorable one,' said Gov-
ernor McKinley in conclusion, ' and an event in which
I was glad indeed to be able to participate.'

" Ex-Governor Foraker said last evening that he had
been most highly gratified with the results of Wednes-
day's celebration."

XXVI.

THE MONUMENT COMMISSIONERS.

THE companionship of the Commission and the
work done by them were referred to in the fol-
lowing pleasant vein by the Leader reporter :

" There is something not quite in line with this prac-
tical age, in the idea of a number of men banding them-
selves together for a purely unselfish object and con-
tinning in this relation and in the efforts for the accom-
plishment of the object sought for nearly a score and a
half of years. Snch has been the case with the Monu-
ment Commission, the members of which have labored
together in building the structure dedicated for so long
that the beginning of the enterprise seems far away.
For the first few years, the Commission was composed
of only a few members, others being added from time
to time, but whether in or out of the organization, the
twelve present members have always been in sympathy
with the enterprise and have aided in securing its
success whenever opportunity offered. The plans that
have been proposed and the suggestions offered have
been placed before all the members as they came up,
and all have had an opportunity of expressing their
opinions. The dedication of the Monument will take
from many of them a weight of responsibility which
has rested somewhat heavily during all the controversy
and variance of opinion that has characterized the'prog-
ress of the enterprise."

The Plain Dealer compliments the Commissioners in
the following happy style :

"A better choice of twelve men to serve on the

556 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

Monument Commission could hardly have been made.
They are all members of the Cuyahoga County Soldiers'
and Sailors' Union, and as such were appointed on the
Commission by Gov. Joseph B. Foraker. By their
fellow-citizens they are highly esteemed, not only for
their bravery in war, but for their records in times of
peace. There are three generals on the Commission —
Leggett, Barnett and Elwell. The other men have all
attained to some rank and have served with distinction.
In local affairs, several of the men have been honored
by being elected or appointed to positions of trust and
honor. The handling of the business connected with
the building of the Monument has been done in a
systematic and business-like manner, and their report
of the finances entrusted to their care will show this."
A brief biography of each Commissioner will be
found in the succeeding pages, from the souvenir
editions of the Leader and Plain Dealer:

MAJOR WILLIAM J. GLEASOX.

The member of the Monument Commission who, if
any, has had more to do with the enterprise than the
others, is Major William J. Gleason, from the first the
President of the body. Major Gleason introduced the
resolution that placed the members of Camp Barnett
Soldiers' and Sailors' Society on record in favor of the
erection of the Monument. This was as far in the past
as the year 1879. He had been active previous to that
time in the agitation of the subject, and in all the years
that followed he retained his place in the van of the
workers. He was born in the famous county Clare,
Ireland, in the year 1846, on June 2d, and within six
months from that time he was in America. His parents
settled in Vermont, but after a short time removed to
Cleveland, where they made their home. The son
attended the parochial and public schools of the city,
and at the age of eleven commenced selling newspapers

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 559

on the street and doing other light work. He received
his practical education in the printing office and by
hard study, being a genuine self-made man. He was less
than fifteen years of age when the War broke out, and he
had been at that time engaged as printer's devil for six
months in the composing room of the Plain Dealer.
With some of his earnings he purchased a drum and
went out to join the Soldiers at Camp Taylor, which
was located on the block bounded by Woodland and
Scovill Avenues and Maple and Linden Streets. He be-
came a drummer under Captain De Villiers and spent
three months at the camp. Though at this time only
fifteen years old, the next year he became eighteen,
so as to enlist, and he at once did so for three years, or
till the close of the War. This time he became a mem-
ber of the vSixtieth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, under
Captain P. K. Walsh, and his soldier experience lasted
just a week. At the expiration of that time, his parents
sought him out with a writ of habeas corpus, and he
was led home. He was allowed to enter the National
Guard, however, and Company E, of the Twenty-ninth
Regiment, received him as a drummer boy and gradu-
ated him in 1864 as a full-fledged Soldier, able to carry
a musket. WThile a member of the National Guard, he
was a compositor in the Plain Dealer office. One
morning, he left home as usual with his dinner basket,
but he never reached the office. Instead, he enlisted in
the 150th Ohio Volunteer Infantry, under Captain J. B.
Molyneaux, and the first his parents knew of it they
received a letter from Washington, where he was en-
gaged in defending the National Capital. He still
lacked one month of being eighteen years of age, but
this time he was not molested, and he remained with
the regiment until it came home.

Major Gleason is a printer by trade, a fact of which
he declares himself proud.

560 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

As he was a private in active service it becomes
necessary to explain his title of major. His friends
assert that he was born a major, is a major by nature
and by habit, and will die a major. It is said that
strangers at first glance always spot him for a major.
The spirit of major is thoroughly imbued in him and
personified by him. But he came to the title honestly,
for though too young to acquire it in war, he served on
the staff of the Commander of the Grand Army of the
Republic.

After his return from the army, Major Gleason re-
sumed the printing trade as a compositor. He was
subsequently a hustling reporter and connected with
the business department, going through all of the
grades of newspaper work. Of late years, however, he
has not continued in this, being engaged in the insur-
ance business. He has been conspicuous in all things
relating to the improvement of Cleveland. He organ-
ized the system under which the Board of Elections is
working and was its first Secretary. Under the admin-
istration of Mayor George W. Gardner, he was City
Comptroller. He has been Secretary of the Library
Board for three years, and also a member of the Board
of Equalization. He has held many positions of trust
and responsibility, nearly all of them without pay, dis-
charging his every duty with intelligence and ; fidelity.
He was President of the Irish National League during
its entire practical existence. In all patriotic objects
concerning either his native country or the Government
of the United States, he has been a tireless worker. His
entire life has been marked by thorough executive
ability, earnest activity and enterprise. Upon the
election of the Permanent Commission, he was made a
member thereof, and was subsequently unanimously
chosen its President.

r"-D'-N

CAPTAIN LEVI F. BAUDER.

SOLDIERS1 AND SAILORS' MONUMENT. 563

CAPTAIN LEVI F. BAUDER.

Associated with the Monument enterprise from the
first and connected with the Commission since its organ-
ization as its permanent Secretary, Captain Levi F.
Bauder has been in close touch with all the work that
has been done. The records of the endeavors of the
fifteen years that the Commission has been in exist-
ence, placed in black and white by him, are voluminous
and complete. The main portion of the history of the
enterprise is contained within the covers of one huge
volume, but aside from this there has been an immense
amount of other clerical work.

Captain Bauder was born in the Forest City on Janu-
ary 28, 1840. His early life was uneventful. He
attended the public schools, and was graduated from
the Central High School in 1858. Later, he attended
the academy at Port Royal, Va., and Oberlin College,
and was engaged as a teacher in Pickaway county when
the War broke out. He at once returned to Cleveland,
and enlisted in the Sprague Cadets, two or three days
after the fall of Fort Sumter. The Sprague Cadets was
a Cleveland company, and became a part of the Seventh
Regiment. After a few days spent at Camp Taylor, in
this city, the company was sent to Camp Dennison, a
short distance from Cincinnati. This was a camp of
instruction, and there they remained until June 20,
when Captain Bauder again enlisted for three years,
and was returned to the same regiment. The record of
the Seventh Regiment, the "Bloody Seventh/' as it
became known in after years, is familiar to all who
know anything of the history of the Cuyahoga Soldiers.
Its long marches and bloody conflicts are historical.
Captain Bauder participated in twelve of the fifteen
engagements of the regiment, and in three others in
which the regiment as a whole had no part. He went
into the service as a private, and passed up through the

564 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

successive grades of duty sergeant, ordnance sergeant
of division, and first sergeant of company. During the
trying times around Lookout Mountain, when the
regiment became so decimated that only a small part of
the original number remained, he had command of his
company for four months. Here it was that he gained
the title of captain, although that rank was never
officially conferred upon him. The reason for this was
that the regiment had become so thinned that no more
officers were thought to be necessary, and Sergeant
Bauder remained a sergeant, although having command
of his company.

After the three years for which Captain Bauder en-
listed had expired, he returned home with the regiment
and was mustered out. This was in July, 1864. Later,
he was offered an adjutancy in a new regiment that was
being formed, but he refused it, having just married.
Since then, Captain Bauder held the office of County
Auditor, from 1877 to 1883, and he was a Justice of the
Peace from 1886 to 1892. He was several years a mem-
ber of the Public Library Board, and is one of the
Curators of the Western Reserve Historical Society.
He has a more than local reputation as a writer of prose
and verse, many of his poems being of a high order of
merit. He is devoted to his profession as an attorney-
at-law, and is well known throughout the county as a
quiet, cultured, affable gentleman with hosts of friends.

CAPTAIN JOSEPH B. MOLYNEAUX.

Joseph B. Molyneaux was born near Ann Arbor,
Mich., on January 1, 1840. At the age of four years,
his mother died, and the father and son removed to
Elmira, N. Y., where the little fellow was put out with
farmers until he reached the age of seven. Since that
time he has been obliged to shift for himself, for his
father was lost at sea. Until fourteen years old, he
worked on farm, in hotel, saw-mill, stone quarry; in fact,

CAPTAIN JOSEPH B. MOLYNEAUX.

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 567-

any place that offered. He met Prof. Lowe, who at that
time was traveling as a magician, bnt later became
famed as an aeronaut. For a year the boy assisted the
professor to mystify audiences, but quit this business at
Belleville, O. His next adventure was the study of
medicine with Dr. Whitcomb. Then he came to Cleve-
land and learned the printer's trade, working in various
offices until the beginning of the War.

He first enlisted as a private in the three-months
service, but was appointed sergeant. At the reorgani-
zation of the regiment for three years he was elected
first lieutenant ; later was appointed adjutant and pro-
moted to captain. The men under his command were
mostly young fellows, and so well did he care for them
that they speak- even now words of endearment and
devotion for him. At Cedar Mountain, he was wounded
in the head, shoulder and leg, and had two horses shot
under him. He was then discharged for disability, but
when his wounds healed he returned to service as
captain of Company E, 150th O. V. I., and was assigned
to command at Fort Thayer, near Washington. Since
the War he has been engaged in the printing business,
has been Deputy County Recorder, Assistant Post-
master, and at present is a member of the Board of
Equalization and Assessment.

Capt. Molyneaux's record is a splendid one. On
several occasions he performed special duties. While a
sergeant at Camp Dennison, he did duty as a field
officer. In 1862, he was detailed by Gen. McClellan to
collect all convalescents of the Army of the Potomac
and return them to their commands. This was an
arduous undertaking. When so severely wounded at
Cedar Mountain, he took command of the regiment,,
his senior officers being killed. He commanded the
division that acted as escort at the burial of General
Lander at Patterson Creek, Va. His company had been

568 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

a part of Lander's division. On the famous raid to
Bloomery Furnace, where the command captured more
prisoners than its own men numbered, he had acted as
aid to the general. The most important battles in
which he was engaged were Winchester, Port Republic,
Cedar Mountain and Antietam, though there were a
host of smaller engagements.

Capt. Molyneaux has the esteem and respect of his
fellow-citizens. He was elected a member of the Per-
manent Commission and was unanimously chosen its
Secretary.

CAPTAIN EDWARD H. BOHM.

One of the most influential members of the Monu-
ment Commission is Captain Edward H. Bohm, who
has been associated in the Monument enterprise ever
since its inception. He was born in Alstedt, Saxe-
Weimar, on February 7, 1837. His father was well
supplied with the good things of life, being a member
of the judiciary of the country, and up to the time he
was fourteen years of age, Captain Bohm remained in
his native land, in study in a private school. The
family removed to this country in 1851, arriving in New
York on August 28, and after a week spent in that city,
they came West, intending to settle on a Western farm.
When they arrived in Cleveland, however, young Bohm
was taken seriously ill and a stop of some time was
necessitated. When he had recovered sufficiently to go
on with the journey, his father had found that the cli-
mate of the Forest City was to his liking and it was de-
cided to remain in Cleveland. A farm in Newburg
township was purchased, and there the family took up
their abode. Young Bohm staid on the farm until 1856,
when he went to work on the old Cleveland & Toledo
Railroad. There he was when the War broke out. He
enlisted in Company K, Seventh Ohio Volunteer In-
fantry,ron April 18, 1861, under Captain J. G. Wiseman.

CAPTAIN EDWARD H. BOHM.

I.....M

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 571

A short time was spent in Camp Taylor, and the com-
pany started for Camp Dennison, in Cincinnati, on the
first Sunday in May. He remained with the company
in its career through West Virginia until August 20,
1 86 1. On that day he was sent out with a reconnoiter-
ing party of nineteen men in citizen's clothes. Their
route led them across the Gauley River and into an am-
bush of two companies of rebel cavalry. Young Bohm
was a sergeant by this time. The members of the party
who had escaped the first murderous fire that was
poured upon them ran for safety. But Sergeant Bohm,
himself uninjured, staid with his captain, who had re-
ceived a mortal hurt. He saw his captain pass from
life, and for his devotion he paid the penalty of being
captured by the Confederates. For nearly nine months,
until May 30, 1862, he remained a captive in various
rebel prisons, being released on the latter date at Little
Washington, N. C. He at once returned to Cleveland,
and in January, 1863, was commissioned by Governor
Tod as second lieutenant in Company D, in his former
regiment, his commission dating from November 1 of
the previous year.

On March 17, he was given command of the com-
pany, and was at its head during the battles of Chan-
cellorsville, Gettysburg, and Ringgold. In the first-
named battle his company lost more than any other in
the regiment. Out of fifty-three men in line, twenty-
three were lost, four being killed, eleven wounded, and
the remainder missing. For his valor in that engage-
ment he was named in general orders. At the battle of
Gettysburg the only man in the regiment killed was a
member of his company. Captain Bohm was wounded
in the fierce charge made by the regiment in the battle
of Ringgold, when, in less than thirty minutes, of the
fifteen officers in the regiment, five were killed and the
remaining ten wounded. After he was cured of his

572 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

wound he remained with the regiment until it was
mustered out in Cleveland on July 6, 1864. He was
several times recommended for the rank of major, and
once the commission was sent to him. He refused the
rank, however, being on the eve of marriage, and he did
not re-enter the army, the struggle being nearly over.
In January, 1865, he was married, and he then opened
an office for the prosecution of Soldiers' claims against
the Government. In 1870, he was elected to the Public
School Board, and while in that capacity introduced
the resolution which created the present Normal Train-
ing School. He was County Recorder for six years, be-
ginning with 1870, and the Anzeiger was founded by
him as a daily German newspaper while he held that
position. In four years he succeeded in losing $20,-
000 in that venture and he then gave up the control of
the paper. He was president of the North American
Ssengerbund and the Ssengerfest, in 1874, and in 1876
he was Presidential elector at large on the Republican
State ticket. In 1875, he lost his wife and the year fol-
lowing he married again. He was elected as Justice of
the Peace in 1885, and he has held that office until the
present. In all the matters of the Monument Commis-
sion, he has exerted a strong influence.

CAPTAIN LEVI T. SCOFIELD.

In the presence of the huge work which is formally
dedicated to the people of Cuyahoga County, in honor
of the brave men who upheld the Union in its dark-
est days, something about the designer and architect
of the structure is of especial interest. It was Cap-
tain Levi T. Scofield, a member of the Commission,
who prepared the designs and had personal super-
vision of the work from the beginning to the pres-
ent time. Captain Scofield was born in Cleveland
on November 9, 1842, and has resided here most of his
life. His father had been an old settler, coming here

CAPTAIN LEVI T. SCOFIELD.

t— «

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 575

in 1816, and had erected the first house on Walnut
Street. The lad was brought up in this city, and
studied engineering and architecture. The year before
the War he went to Cincinnati to continue his studies,
but came home when men were needed, and enlisted in
Company D, First Ohio Light Artillery. He re-enlisted
in the infantry when his term expired, and was com-
missioned Second Lieutenant in Company E, One Hun-
dred and Third Regiment. At intervals he received
promotions, being made a First Lieutenant in February
of 1863, and a Captain in November of 1864.

His time was divided between service in the infantry
and in the engineer corps. His ability as an engineer
was recognized and he was often assigned to that duty.
His early training in that work proved valuable to him.
The duty of the engineer corps often takes it ahead of
the lines of the army in its work of laying out roads,
building bridges or making maps of the country. The
advanced positions are dangerous in an enemy's country.
In time of battle the engineers serve on the staff of the
commanding officer, and are exposed to the fire of the
enemy and other dangers in carrying orders.

The company of which Scofield was a member did
first service in Kentucky. It participated in the pursuit
of Kirby Smith in 1862, and John Morgan in 1863, and
many small engagements. It went with Burnside in
his campaign across the Cumberland Mountains to
Tennessee. Here Scofield had his first experience in
army engineering and found it no easy work. He was
at the siege of Knoxville and the repulse of Longstreet.
In March of 1864 he was Provost Marshal of the Third
corps, and soon after was appointed an Aid-de-Camp on
a commander's staff.

The troops marched southward to participate in the
Atlanta campaign. They were engaged at Resaca and
other engagements in that neighborhood. From June,

576 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

1864, Scofield did continuous work as an engineer. He
was in the fight at Kenesaw Mountain and took part in
the siege and capture of Atlanta. Soon afterward came
the Nashville campaign, in which the Union troops oc-
cupied the city while Hood invested it. He participated
in the pursuit of Hood to Tennessee, and did duty in
North Carolina early in 1865, being present at the cap-
ture of Raleigh and the surrender of Johnston.

After the War, Captain Scofield resided in New York
for a short time, but removed to this city and has re-
sided here permanently. Since 1867, he has been en-
gaged in the erection of many public buildings, such
as the Central High School in this city, Athens and
Columbus Asylums for the Insane, Soldiers' and Sailors'
Home at Xenia, Penitentiary at Raleigh, House of Cor-
rection at Cleveland, Mansfield Reformatory, and he
designed the Ohio Monument at the World's Fair.

COLONEL E. W. FORCE.
Colonel Emory W. Force was born at Morrisville,
Madison County, N. Y., December 25, 1840. He was
the son of a prominent woolen manufacturer, who re-
moved to Ohio, settling at Chagrin Falls in 1847.
When the War broke out, Colonel Force enlisted as a
private in the Seventh Infantry. He was injured in the
intrenchments at Sutton, W. Va., and at the end of one
year's service was discharged for disability. He partici-
pated in the battles of Cross Lanes and Winchester and
in Banks' retreat down the Shenandoah. He was the
first Colonel of the Fifth Regiment, O. N. G., being its
organizer, and he held the position for eight years. He
spent five years as Captain in the Fifteenth Regiment,
O. N. G., and wrhen the latter was mustered out he was
given a commission by Governor Foster as Major of the
Fifth Battalion. He removed to Cleveland in 1886, and
is now teller in the Merchants' Banking and Storage
Company, and secretary of the Seventh Regiment or-

COLONEL EMORY W. FORCE.

■

GENERAL JAMES BARNETT.

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 581

ganization. He was one of the original members of the
Committee on Monument, and, as a member of the
Commission, has been an earnest, active, reliable
worker.

GENERAL JAMES BARNETT.

The people of Ohio need no introduction to General
James Barnett. As a Soldier, a business man, and a
philanthropist he has ever occupied the front rank of
citizens, and he is one of the rare men whose achieve-
ments and honors fail to arouse jealousy in some quar-
ters. General Barnett has been a member of the Monu-
ment Commission since June 20, 1884. He bears the
distinction of having commanded the first artillery
opened on the Union side in the great Civil War. For
twenty years previous to the beginning of the War, he
was a member of an independent artillery company
known as the Cleveland Light Artillery. When the
menaces of the rebels began to take on a serious ap-
pearance, the battery offered its services to the Govern-
ment. Five days after the fall of Fort Sumter, Colonel
Barnett was ordered to report at Columbus with his
battery, and from there he soon went into the heat of
the conflict. His guns were used at the battle of Phil-
ippi, at Laurel Hill, and Carrick's Ford, and then the
battery returned to Cleveland, the period of its enlist-
ment being over. Colonel Barnett was detailed by
Governor Dennison to raise a twelve-battery regiment of
artillery, and this he did, sending the batteries into the
field as they were organized. With a portion of this
command he participated in the battle of Pittsburg
Landing, having charge of the artillery reserve of the
Army of the Ohio. Later he was ordered to Ohio on
recruiting service and returning to the army he was as-
signed for duty on the staff of General C. C. Gilbert.
At the battle of Perryville he was transferred to the
staff of General N. McCook, as Chief of Artillery, and

582 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

in the latter part of the year 1862 he was appointed by
General Rosecrans as Chief of Artillery of the Army of
the Cumberland. The battles of Stone River, Chicka-
mauga, Mission Ridge, and others were participated in
by his command, and for his conduct in these battles
he received special commendation from General Rose-
crans. He was mustered out of the service at Nashville,
on October 20, 1864. In May, 1865, he was brevetted
Major-General for "gallant, efficient and meritorious
service."

Since the War he has been with the same firm as be-
fore the War and is now president of it. He is a phil-
anthropic man, and gives much time to charitable work.
He is president of the Bethel Associated Charities and
the Humane Society, and a trustee of the Military
Homes of the United States. He was the first president
of the Board of Elections, and is engaged in several
business enterprises, being president of the First
National Bank. He has the respect of every Soldier to
whom he is known, and in this community stands high
as an estimable citizen. In war, our leading Soldier ; in
peace, our foremost citizen. None know him but to
love and admire him.

GENERAL J. J. ELWELL.

From " Ohio in the War," " Bench and Bar," and
other printed sketches is made up the following in re-
gard to the career of General J.J. El well :

He was born in Warren, O., June 22, 1820. General
Elwell is a graduate of the Cleveland Medical College ;
was admitted to the bar in 1854 and has since been a
member of the Cleveland bar. He wTas a member of the
Ohio Legislature from 1853 to 1855, and was editor and
publisher of the Western Law Monthly ; also a profess-
or in the Ohio and Union Law College and Cleveland
Medical College. During- this time he wrote a work on

GENERAL J. J. ELWELL.

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 585

medical jurisprudence, which is a standard work on that
subject, and has passed through four editions.

He entered the military service in August, 1861,
bringing an order from the Secretary of War for the
raising of the Second Ohio Cavalry on the Western Re-
serve, which he helped raise and equip and was 1,200
strong. He also equipped the Third Ohio Cavalry and
Sherman's Brigade. Early in 1862, he joined General
David Hunter and proceeded with him to Port Royal,
S. C, and was promoted to Chief Quartermaster of the
Department of the South, with the rank of Lieutenant-
Colonel. He served in this department two years and
participated in all the operations against Charleston
under Hunter, Gillmore and other generals. He took a
hand in the bloody assault on Fort Wagner on the night
of July 18, 1862, where the Union troops were repulsed
with a loss of 1,500 men in an hour. General A. C.
Voris, who was terribly wounded at the time and carried
off the field by General Elwell, in " Sketches of the
War," published by the Loyal Legion of Ohio, says :
" Colonel J. J. Elwell, a wonderfully brave man, rode
clear up to Wagner, cheering on the men to hold the
fort. He did on that occasion what I never saw during
the War done by a staff officer whose duties did not
call him to thus expose himself, and lead troops in
places of the greatest danger, requiring the highest
degree of courage."

On many an occasion he was seen in the midst of the
fray, having for the time abandoned his post as Quarter-
master-General, and fighting with all the vim and energy
of the most valorous. It was his habit to go into battle
with his hat off, and as he rushed forward with his long
hair flying in the wind, he made a picture of eagerness
and forgetfulness of self which was an inspiration to
the other Soldiers.

General Elwell was brevetted four times during the

586 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

War for great and gallant services. The last two years
of the War he was in charge of the prison camp at El-
mira, N. Y., where there were from 12,000 to 15,000
prisoners of war. He was also connected with the cav-
alry bureau at Washington at this time.

His medallion stands in the tablet room of the Monu-
ment among the distinguished generals of Ohio, having
been placed there by his associates of the Commission,
without his knowledge, for distinguished service, espe-
cially at Fort Wagner.

A medal was presented to General Elwell by General
Gillmore, commanding the Department of the South,
upon which Forts Sumter and Wagner are engraved,
appreciative of his gallant services in that famous siege
of two years.

He was severely injured several times, and narrowly
escaped death from yellow fever at Port Royal in 1862.
He is still in good health and active business in this
city.

He has been a valuable and enthusiastic worker for
the Monument and its site from the first. He was
made a member of the Commission June 20, 1884, and
was re-elected as one of the five Permanent Commis-
sioners.

COLONEL CHARLES C. DEWSTOE.

Colonel C. C. Dewstoe is a New Yorker by birth, his
early days having been spent in Ontario County, in that
State. He was born on May 10, 1841, and when he was
six years of age his parents removed to Flint, Mich.,
where he went to school and where he enlisted in the
Second Michigan Infantry, in May, 1861. After the first
battle of Bull Run he was ordered transferred to the
signal service, and he participated in all the battles of
the Army of the Potomac. He was discharged in June,
1864, after he had risen to have charge of a detachment
in the signal corps. Two years afterward he removed

I'dHt ■ in i lillMhi

P^gjfjlP^^H

■ ■

COLONEL CHARLES C. DEWSTOE.

•

SERGEANT JAMES HAVR.

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 591

to Cleveland, since which time he has been in business
in this city. He was a member of the Board of Health
and was sheriff of Cuyahoga County two years. He has
been connected with the Monument enterprise ever
since its inception and has been an earnest worker in
the Commission. In all affairs pertaining to the wel-
fare of the Soldier element he is earnest and active.
He stands in the front rank as a post-prandial speaker,
possessing many genial traits of character added to a
fund of wit and clever stories. He is in constant de-
mand on the occasion of " surprise presentations," army
re-unions, symposiums and other first-class social gath-
erings.

SERGEANT JAMES HAVR.

A foreign country produced. James Hayr, but that
makes him none the less a brave Soldier. On July 1,
1838, he was born at Hamilton, Ont. When he was
nine years old the family removed to Niagara Falls,
and at thirteen he was apprenticed to a firm of painters.
He followed this work at Rochester, New York City,
and later came to Cleveland.

He enlisted in 1861 in Company B, Zouave Light
Guards, under command of James P. Mcllrath. When
the company re-enlisted for three years it was assigned
to the Twenty-third Regiment, O. I. V., and called
Company A. The regiment was officered by Col. Rose-
crans, afterward general ; Lieut. Col. Stanley Matthews
and Major R. B. Hayes. During the first year of the
War the regiment was engaged principally in West Vir-
ginia. The next year operations were extended to Vir-
ginia and Maryland, and the men were engaged in the
battles of South Mountain, Antietam and lesser fights.
During 1863, the command was assigned to scouting and
raiding expeditions. The next year it assisted in the
destruction of the Virginia & Tennessee Railroad. In
the raid on Lynchburg the men were constantly under

592 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

fire for seventy days. Later they participated in the
famous campaign of Sheridan. At Cedar Creek, Com-
rade Hayr was severely wounded in the abdomen while
engaged in getting a gun off the field of battle, and this
kept him from active service until the next Spring.

On Independence Day of 1864, he was promoted to
corporal, and for exceptional bravery in the face of the
enemy at Fisher Hill he received the appointment of
sergeant in September.

He was mustered out August 1st, 1865, at Cumber-
land, Md., having seen four years, three months and
twelve days of service. At the close of the War he re-
turned to this city and renewed his old trade.

Since the War, Sergeant Hayr has been active in the
duties of peace which show patriotism. He has been
closely allied with affairs pertaining to the veterans.
He was commander of Hampson Post and has held sev-
eral official positions in the Cuyahoga County Soldiers'
and Sailors' Union and in the Union Veterans' Union.
He has been vice-president of the Twenty-third Regi-
ment Association, and on several occasions has been
Marshal of Memorial Day parades.

His record is good, his bravery undoubted and his
works in behalf of his veteran comrades fully appreci-
ated. He has been a member of the Monument Com-
mission since June 20, 1884.

DR. R. W. WALTERS.

Dr. R. W. Walters, of Chagrin Falls, was born in
Russell, Geauga County, on August 22, 1838. Having
received a good education at high-class seminaries, he
made choice of the medical profession. He commenced
the study of medicine early in the year 1861. On
August 15, 1862, he enlisted as a private in Company D,
Seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He was promoted
to Hospital Steward on March 14, 1864. He partici-
pated in the following battles: Wauketchie, Tenn.,

DR. R. W. WALTERS.

JH.Df.mfo;,.

GENERAL M. D. LEGGETT.

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 597

night of October 28 and 29, 1863 ; Lookout Mountain,
Mission Ridge and Ringgold, November, 1863 ; Rocky
Face Ridge, Resaca and Dallas, May, 1864 ; Kenesaw
Mountain, June, 1864 ; Peachtree Creek, July, 1864, and
siege of Atlanta.

When the gallant Seventh Ohio was mustered out he,
with about two hundred others, was transferred to the
Fifth Regiment, Ohio Veteran Volunteer Infantry, and
was mustered out of service March 17, 1865, on account
of being supernumerary, by order of the War Depart-
ment.

On his return from the army he resumed the study of
medicine and attended the Jefferson Medical College of
Philadelphia, Pa. He attended his second course of
lectures at the Cleveland Medical College (now Western
Reserve University), and graduated from that institu-
tion. Feeling that he would derive benefit from a
course of study in a homeopathic college, he entered as
a student at the Cleveland Homeopathic Hospital Col-
lege (now the Cleveland University of Medicine and
Surgery), from which he graduated. He was appointed
Assistant Surgeon of the Fifteenth Regiment, O. N. G.,
Colonel E. W. Force commanding, by Governor Bishop,
July 17, 1878.

He is an ardent believer in religious liberty, and
is an active member of the Seventh Day Adventist
Church. He has practiced medicine in Chagrin Falls
since April, 1867.

He became a member of the Commission on June 20,
1884. Though residing in the country, he has been
prompt in attendance at all meetings, and has ably rep-
resented the townships.

GENERAL M. D. LEGGETT.
An officer high in rank in the Union armies, and as a
soldier, citizen, and attorney; crowned with a record as
brilliant as it is stainless, is General Mortimer D. Leg-

59§ HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

gett. Besides being one of the Monument Commission-
ers, he has been awarded the honor of directing the
movements, as Chief Marshal, of the grand body of men
who composed the dedication procession. During the
War he was a confidential friend and adviser of General
Grant, General McClellan, General Sherman, and other
prominent officers. He was born at Ithaca, N. Y., April
19, 182 1. His father, a farmer, removed to Montville,
Geauga County, in 1836, and the son spent several
years on the farm and in study, leaving home when he
was eighteen years old to go to the Teachers' Seminary
in Kirtland. There he remained until he was gradu-
ated, at the head of his class, and he then became a
teacher. He soon commenced the study of law, and
wTas admitted to the bar in 1844, although he did not
begin active practice until six years later, at Warren.
He was one of the first in the State to give attention to
the subject of free public schools conducted on the
graded plan, and he spent some time in agitating the
question. Through his efforts, and those of two or
three other gentlemen, he secured the passage of a spe-
cial school law for Akron, and later he organized the
first system of free graded schools west of the Allegha-
nies in that city. In 1845, he graduated from the
Willoughby Medical College, and in 1856 he became
Professor of Pleading and Practice in the Ohio Law
College. When the War began, he accompanied Gen-
eral McClellan to West Virginia, and in the latter part
of 1 86 1 was commissioned by Governor Dennison to raise
and organize the Seventy-eighth Regiment of Infantry,,
which he accomplished in a very short time. He en-
listed in the same organization as a private, his name
being the first to go on the list, and within forty days
he was private, Second Lieutenant, First Lieutenant,
Captain, Major, Lieutenant Colonel, and Colonel. He
took his regiment, which consisted of 1,040 men, to Fort

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 599

Donelson, where it performed valuable service. Imme-
diately after this, General Grant attached him to his
staff, and the young officer went into the battle of Shi-
loh, where he received his first wound. While com-
manding an advance upon Corinth, on May 16, 1862,
one horse he rode was killed under him, and another
was wounded, he escaping uninjured. As a recognition
of his service at this time, he was commissioned a Brig-
adier-General. His next notable service was the battle
of Middleburg, Tenn., where, with 500 men, he defeated
Van Dorn, who had 4,000 troops. For this he was com-
plimented by General Grant, and received a special
letter of thanks from the Secretary of War. He partici-
pated in the battle known as " Hell on the Hatchie^'
the battle of Iuka, and in all the movements against
Vicksburg, including the running of the blockade, the
battles of Port Gibson, Raymond, Jackson, Champion
Hills, Big Black, and the siege of Vicksburg. At the
battle of Champion Hills, he received a severe wound
in his thigh. He was then transferred from the Second
Brigade of Third Division of the Seventeenth Army
Corps, which he had been commanding, to the First
Brigade of the same division, which held the only posi-
tion in front of Vicksburg where there was thought to
be a possibility of breaking the rebel line of works by
assault. Here the rebels had erected a heavy fortifica-
tion to protect the exposed part. Under this fort Gen-
eral Leggett's command placed a mine, and when it
was exploded a large force of picked men, under his
personal command, rushed into the breach. They were
inside before the rebels understood what had happened,
but a fight lasting twenty-three hours was required
before the Confederates were finally subdued. In this
engagement General Leggett was wounded in several
places, but when the negotiations for the surrender of
Vicksburg had been completed on the morning of the

600 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

following day, General Leggett was assisted on his horse
and he led the way into the city. When he had par-
tially recovered from his wounds, he was bre vetted
Major-General and given another command. He com-
manded two expeditions, one to Monroeville, La., and
another to the Yazoo River. In 1864, when Sherman
conducted his raid to Meridian, he was in command of
his division, and he participated in all battles of the
Atlanta campaign, receiving high commendation from
General Sherman. He captured the mountain to the
left of the Kenesaw during a severe storm, when the
thunder completely drowned the noise of battle. He
was ordered by General McPherson, on the evening of
July 20, 1864, to capture a hill overlooking Atlanta,
which was strongly fortified and held by a large force
of the enemy. This he did on the following morning,
when, after a fierce battle, he succeeded in capturing
prisoners almost equal in number to his own whole
force. The fierce battle of the day following this was
brought on by the desperate attempts of the rebels to
recapture this position, when they were repulsed with
great loss of life on both sides. In this battle, General
McPherson was killed at the very outset when trying to
get to General Leggett. For valor shown in this en-
gagement, General Leggett was made a full Major-Gen-
eral. He was with General Sherman during the whole
of the march to the sea, and his last engagement was at
Pocataligo, S. C, where, after a running fight of twenty
miles, he captured Fort Pocataligo, in January, 1865,
releasing the Union forces from Savannah and opening
the way through the Carolinas. When the War ended
he was given the highest congratulations on all sides,
and when Grant became President he was made Com-
missioner of Patents. There he served four years and
then removed to Cleveland, where he established him-
self as a patent lawyer. He is connected with a num-

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 6oi

ber of important business enterprises, and is foremost
in every work for the good of the city.

As a citizen, General Leggett is highly esteemed. He
has been engaged in many philanthropic works, though
of these he speaks little. Degrees have been conferred.
on him by Oberlin, Marietta, Columbia, Muskingum,
Harvard and Cornell Colleges. He was appointed a
member of the Commission in April, 1888, and elected a
member of the Permanent Commission upon its organi-
zation.

VALEDICTORY.

Our mission is o'er. Our task is completed. Our
work of love has become a reality, ending in a blaze of
glory and triumph that has amply compensated every
member of the Commission for their many years of de-
voted work. With gratitude and thanks to the Lord,
to the generous people of our county, to our gallant
Comrades of the Union Army and Navy, we have only
to express our fondest wish that the handsomest tribute
to patriotism in the world will prove a genuine source
of pride and supreme pleasure to the present and many
succeeding generations.

And now, " with charity for all, with malice toward
none," we confidently submit the result of our labor to
the test of popular judgment, and commit it to the ten-
der care and everlasting watchfulness of the patriotic
people of Cuyahoga County, through whose devotion
and generosity this truly superb and picturesque Memo-
rial will forever perpetuate her gallant and heroic
representatives in the unfortunate but ever memorable
period of the Civil War.

FINIS CO RON AT OPUS.

THE

PERMANENT MONUMENT

COMMISSION.

XXVII.

THE Commissioners held their final meeting in the
parlors of the Hollenden Hotel, Cleveland, O.,
on Wednesday evening, July 18th, 1894 ; the President
in the Chair; Levi F. Bander, Secretary. All of the
members were present, except Commissioner Walters,
from whom a letter was read expressing regret for his
absence. The President stated the object of the meeting
to be the selection and appointment of a Board of five
Commissioners, to be known and designated as " The
Cuyahoga County Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument
Commissioners," pursuant to an act of the General
Assembly of the State of Ohio, passed May 14th, 1894.
(Ohio Laws, vol. 91, p. 741.)

The following resolution was offered by Commissioner
Barnett, seconded by Commissioner Bohm :

Resolved, That the new Board of five Permanent Commissioners,
to be elected by this Board, be chosen by ballot, the first ballot taken
to be informal.

The resolution was unanimously adopted, whereupon
an informal ballot was held, succeeded by a formal
ballot, resulting in the election of the following Com-
rades as

THE PERMANENT COMMISSION:

WILLIAM J. GLEASON,

JOSEPH B. MOLYNEAUX,

J. J. ELWELL,

M. D. LEGGETT,

JAMES PICKANDS.

Immediately thereafter the Commission adjourned, to
meet again, if necessary, on the call of the President.

606 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

The Chairman announced dinner in waiting in an ad-
joining parlor, to which the members proceeded and took
seats around the festive table. And now, after nearly
fifteen years of labor, planning, worry and innumerable
meetings, care and responsibility were at last at an end;
our object was accomplished, and the evening was given
over to hearty enjoyment. We were the boys, the
same old boys we were thirty years ago. The President
assigned Comrade James Barnett to the position of
toastmaster, a place that he filled with a dignity and
geniality that is his well known characteristic. Rigid
formality was set aside; sociability, good cheer pre-
dominated. Five hours were passed in the most delight-
ful manner. In response to pertinent toasts, impromptu
speeches were made by each of the Commissioners.
What sincere good-fellowship was exhibited, what
stirring reminiscences were indulged in, what genuine
appreciation was shown, what glorious incidents were
recalled, what a supremely happy time we enjoyed only
those present can ever realize. How our minds and
hearts will ever bear in vivid remembrance the blissful
night we passed together!

Among the many joyful pictures that cluster about
the memory of the Commissioners none is handsomer
than the ever-memorable scene of our first banquet.

As a fitting ending to the charming occasion, the
President offered a resolution, "That an annual reunion
of the Commissioners be held, to be kept up so long as
the Lord would kindly spare our lives," said resolution
being enthusiastically adopted.

AU REVOIR.

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 607

organization of the permanent commission.

Agreeable to appointment, the members of the Per-
manent Commission met in the office of the President,
on Tuesday, July 24th, 1894, at 11 o'clock A. M., for
organization.

The official oath was administered by Comrade
Edward H. Bohm, Justice of the Peace, who kindly
volunteered his services.

On motion of Comrade Elwell, seconded by Comrade
Molvneanx, Comrade William J. Gleason was elected
President of the Commission, his election being
unanimous.

The President-elect expressed his sincere thanks for
the high honor conferred upon him, and said that in the
future, as in the past, it would be his earnest ambition
to carry out his duties so as to merit the approval of the
Commission, and of the Soldiers and citizens of the
county. He further expressed the earnest hope that
the new Commission would live for many years in peace
and harmony, always watchful of the proper care of the
beautiful Monument and its surroundings.

On motion of Comrade Elwell, seconded by Comrade
Gleason, Comrade Joseph B. Molyneaux was chosen as
Secretary, his choice being unanimous.

The Secretary said that, while he was not a candidate
for the position, now that he was elected, he would
accept. He expressed his warmest thanks to the Com-
mission, adding that it would give him pleasure to
faithfully perform the duties of his office.

The President, Secretary and Comrade J. J. Elwell
were elected the Executive Committee, said Committee
being empowered to draft suitable rules and regulations
for the Commission, for the guidance of visitors to the
Memorial, and also to govern the custodian and other
employes.

The officers were authorized to procure the necessary

608 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

books and supplies, and arrangements were perfected
for regular meetings of the Commission.

The future care of Cuyahoga's magnificent Memorial
to her patriotic representatives is in the hands of its
friends. It will be the pride and glory of the Permanent
Commission to watch over it, to hand it down to future
generations in all of its sublime grandeur — an object
lesson of patriotism to all who may come after us.

DESCRIPTION

THE MEMORIAL

VIEW OF MONUMENT FROM NORTHWEST.

XXVIII.

AT a meeting of the Cuyahoga County Soldiers' and
Sailors' Union, held at Bedford, June 17th, 1886, it
was determined that the time had arrived to commence
the undertaking, which had for man}' years been con-
templated by that body, of erecting the Memorial that
had been authorized by Legislative enactment ; accord-
ingly a vote was taken as to the character and style of
the structure, and the result was about an equal division
as to the desirability of a shaft or a Memorial Hall.
Capt. J. B. Molyneaux suggested the happy idea of com-
bining the two plans, by having for a central feature a
shaft or column and at the base a Memorial or relic
room, which was afterwards changed to a tablet room.
This suggestion was enthusiastically adopted and the
Committee was instructed to proceed with the work
of preparing plans and construction. In accordance
with such instructions, the Committee met in the office
of the County Commissioners in this city, on Jan-
uary 29th, 1887, President William J. Gleason, pre-
siding, and Levi F. Bauder, acting as Secretary. Capt.
Molyneaux introduced a resolution inviting Levi T.
Scofield to prepare plans and designs for the Monu-
ment. Mr. Scofield declined to accept employment ;
and later on, the appointment of Chairman of the
Committee on Plans ; but finally consented to act with
the Committee on Plans, on condition that the entire
Monument Committee would aid in preparing the de-
signs, he agreeing to put their ideas in shape, when
furnished, providing they would accept such services
without compensation. This was agreed to, and the
Committee at once commenced their task. It was soon

6l2 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

discovered that the County Commissioners were more
favorable to contracting with some monument manu-
facturer, as they were in the habit of doing for a bridge
or ditch. This occasioned about a year's delay, and the
Committee decided to proceed without the aid of these
officials. An act was passed April 16th, 1888, appointing
a Commission of twelve members to act independently
of the County Commissioners. The new Board were
unanimously in favor of departing from the stereotyped
soldiers' monument design, and instead prepare one
that would be historical and educational as pertaining
to events of the War for the preservation of the Union.
The principal features of the exterior of the Monument
were to be four realistic groups of bronze statuary, rep-
resenting in heroic size the four principal branches of
the service : Infantry, Artillery, Cavalry, and the Navy ;
not in the stiff and inartistic attitudes of dress parade,
but in fierce conflict, with worn garments to accord, and
the supple action of men whose muscles were trained
by rushing through brush and swamps to capture breast-
works. With this in view, it was deemed inappropriate
to have for a background to such scenes a building in
Classical, Gothic, Romanesque or other popular style ot
architecture, but instead to substitute a style made up
entirely of military and naval emblems, realizing oi
course that such a departure from the conventional
styles would cause the pencils to be sharpened, in in-
tended criticism, of those who claim to form the artistic
opinions of the world, and content to await the approval
of the public, when, after familiarity with the details,
they would be educated to understand their meaning.
The foundation of the column, or shaft proper, is
twelve feet square, around which is the tablet room,
whose four walls are lined with the beautifully colored
marble tablets on which are engraved the names of
the ten thousand of Cuvahoga's brave sons who were

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 613

willing to risk their all for their country. To have
ample space from which to view these tablets necessi-
tated the planning of a room forty feet square, and, to be
properly proportioned, twenty feet high. The walls are
three feet thick. Surrounding the building is an
esplanade five feet above the grade line and approached
by circular steps at the four corners. Upon the same
are built four massive pedestals, each nine by twenty-
one feet and ten feet high. To secure a proper walking
and standing space around these pedestals and the nec-
essary railings, required the building of an esplanade
one hundred feet square. To the top of the surmount-
ing figure above the carefully proportioned column and
building is one hundred and twenty-five feet.

The steps and massive platforms composing the es-
planade are of red Medina stone polished to a smooth
surface. The ramps and pedestals of same are of buff
Amherst stone. The building is of black Ouincy granite,
random coursed, with Amherst stone trimmings. The
roof of this structure is made of slabs of stone twelve
inches thick, ingeniously fitted together so as to be ab-
solutely water-tight. Above the roof is a connecting
pedestal to the die of the column in the form of a bas-
tioned fort with guns in barbette, the projecting bastions
forming an outline that blends with the sloping gables
of the building, making harmonious connections be-
tween the column and the broad base of the Monument.

The die of the column is of Amherst stone, represent-
ing a section of a fortified tower ; is nine feet in diame-
ter, with projecting moldings twelve feet. The shaft of
the column is of polished black Quincy granite in ten
blocks, each weighing about fourteen tons, the lower
end seven feet in diameter and the upper six and one-
half feet. At the alternate joints of the shaft are six
bronze foliated bands, seventeen inches in width, con-
taining the names of thirty of the most prominent bat-

614 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

ties of the War, commencing alphabetically at the top in.
the following order : Antietam, Atlanta, Bentonville,
Cedar Mountain, Chickamanga, Corinth, Donelson, Five
Forks, Fort Fisher, Franklin, Fredericksburg, Gettys-
burg, Kennesaw, Knoxville, Mission Ridge, Mobile,
Monitor-Merrimac, Nashville, New Orleans, Pea Ridge,
Perryville, Petersburg, Resaca, Richmond, Shiloh, Spot-
sylvania, Stone's River, Vicksburg, Fort Wagner, Wil-
derness, and Winchester. The above list was compiled
after corresponding with some of the most prominent
historians and generals of the army.

All that shows above the granite shaft, about forty-
one feet in height, is of cast bronze, weighing nearly
thirty thousand pounds. The first member above, or
neck of the column, is in the form of a gabion. The
bell of the capital is divided by eight bent fasces, be-
tween which are the emblems of the eight principal
branches of the service, Infantry, Cavalry, Artillery,
Navy, Engineers, Ordnance, Signal and Quartermaster.

The volutes of the capital, while properly propor-
tioned, have a resemblance to pieces of artillery, with
wheels, muzzles, trails, etc. The abacus is pierced for
armament and is nearly twelve feet across in its widest
part. These different members are separated by
ropes, blockading chains, etc., instead of moldings ; a
row of cap pouches is substituted for leaf ornaments.
Above the abacus the pedestal is in the form of a moni-
tor turret with projecting guns, terminating in a
member encircled with the stars and stripes, on which
stands the Amazonian figure of Liberty, fifteen feet in
height, in the attitude of defense.

The bronze statuary in the four groups on the pedes-
tals is made about one-third larger than life, being
from seven and one-half to eight feet two inches in
height. The Infantry group, representing "The Color
Guard," is from an actual incident of the War, and de-

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 615

picts with vivid truthfulness, as the sculptor saw it, the
gallant defense of the flag of the 103rd Ohio Infantry,
at the battle of Resaca, where the lion-hearted sergeant
Martin Striebler and his gallant guard of eight cor-
porals stood before the enemy's fire until they were all
killed or wounded. The Artillery group, u At Short
Range," represents a piece in action, fully manned, with
an officer in command. The gun is depressed ; the
abandoned shell in front shows that canister has been
substituted. No. 1 has rammed the charge home ere
the deadly minie-ball pierced his heart, and he clutches
the rammer rigidly as he throws himself across the gun
for support. No. 2 has fallen in his position. No. 3,
the reliable red- whiskered farmer, has left the vent and
taken the Corporal's place at the trail. No. 4, while
attaching the lanyard hook to the friction primer, is
looking down at his fallen comrade. The sturdy
gunner, with left hand on elevating screw, while notic-
ing the obstruction on the gun, holds his right hand
out from the trail, giving notice for the men to be
steady. The officer, who has been looking with his
field glass, has not noticed his wounded men, and,
pointing with his finger says " A little more to the
right, Corporal." The Cavalry group, " The Advance
Guard," represents a detachment that has struck the
line of the enemy. A trooper is still astride his horse
that has fallen with a bad wound. A venturesome Con-
federate soldier has noticed his predicament and has
made a rush for the guidon, but the cavalryman has
whipped out his revolver, has given " Johnny Reb " one
in the face, and is prepared for another shot. A fine
looking Confederate officer has seized the rebel flag
from the fallen bearer, and is cheering his men to the
assault. A dismounted trooper in front, on one knee,
is covering his man with his carbine. The bugler has
been sent forward from the reserve by his officer to

6l6 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

see how matters are progressing at the front; finding
them hard pressed, and stubbornly trying to hold their
ground, he has dismounted, and is sending back a bugle
call for assistance. The Confederate soldiers were in-
troduced in this historical group to show to posterity
what they and their flag were like. The Navy group,
" Mortar Practice," represents a scene near Island No.
10 on the Mississippi River, where an officer and five
men are loading a mortar, preparatory to shelling the
intrenchments.

As before stated, the character of the building is in
the order of military and naval emblems. The windows
represent semi-circular casemate openings, with vertical
cannons supporting the caps instead of columns. The
metope spaces in the frieze of the cornice are filled with
richly carved army corps badges, encircled with laurel
wreaths planted on shields. The triglyphs separating
them are in the form of the stars and stripes of our flag.
The cresting of the cornice is formed of embattlements
through which show muzzles of guns. At the four
corners of the cornice are pedestals suggesting capstans,
on which are supported bronze flag poles. It is the
intention to have a flag at one pole every day of the
year, and on holidays at the four corners.

Instead of the usual reed moldings at the corners of
pilasters, sponge staff and hand spike emblems have
been substituted.

Over the doors at each of the north and south en-
trances are panels with the dates 1861-T865. Over the
north entrance is the Ohio State Seal, and over the
south entrance the United States Seal, flanked by bat-
tle axes and draped flags. The gables at the east and
west sides have respectively the badges of the Grand
Army of the Republic and Loyal Legion, bordered by
draped flags. In the north and south gables in bold
letters is engraved "Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument."

SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS' MONUMENT. 617

Upon entering the building from Superior Street, the
visitor is struck with an effective group of life-size
figures in a cast bronze panel, seven by ten feet, repre-
senting the Emancipation of the Slave. The central
figure in full relief is Abraham Lincoln, his right hand
extended holding the shackles that have been taken
from the bondsman kneeling at his feet, while with the
left he hands him the gun and accouterments. This
feature explains more clearly the law which authorized
Lincoln to issue the proclamation, and also required
the government to employ the slave as a soldier. At
the right of the President stand Salmon P. Chase and
John Sherman, the financial men of the war period,
and on the left are Ben. Wade and Joshua R. Gid-
dings, who were Lincoln's main-stays in the anti-slavery
movements. In the background, in bas-relief, are rep-
resented the Army and the Navy. Overhead is the clos-
ing paragraph of the proclamation, written by Chase and
adopted by Lincoln, " And upon this act, sincerely be-
lieved to be an act of justice, warranted by the Consti-
tution, upon military necessity, I invoke the consider-
ate judgment of mankind and the gracious favor of
Almighty God.M

The panel on the west side of the shaft is called
" The beginning of the war in Ohio." The central
three figures are the war governors Dennison, Tod and
Brough, flanked on the right by Generals McClellan,
Cox and Garfield, and on the left by Generals Rose-
crans, Hayes and Gilmore. In the background on one
side is represented the recruiting service and on the other
the troops marching to the front. The panel on the
south side represents the Sanitary Commission, the
Soldiers' Aid Society and the Hospital Service. The
figures shown are Mrs. Benj. Rouse, President; Miss
Mary Clarke Brayton, Secretary ; Miss Ellen F. Terry,
Treasurer ; Miss Sara Mahan, Clerk ; and Vice-Presi-

6l8 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

dents Mrs. John Shelley, Mrs. Wm. Melhinch and Mrs.
J. A. Harris. The hospital work is represented by
Mrs. R. B. Hayes, Mrs. Peter Thatcher, and a Sister of
Charity dressing the arm of a wounded soldier lying on
a cot. Under this panel is the official list of names of
those who were active in assisting the officers of the
Commission during the war.

The fourth panel is entitled, " The end of the war, or
the peace-makers at City Point." The scene is where
Lincoln left his steamer " River Queen " and went
ashore to visit Grant's headquarters. Gen. Sherman
had been invited by Grant to make him a visit for con-
sultation, as he usually did before making any important
movement ; he was accompanied by Gen. Leggett. The
other figures in the group are Robert T. Lincoln, Gen-
erals Rawlins, Crook, Sheridan, Custer, Meade, Ord, War-
ren, Humphrey, and Commodore Porter, fourteen in all.
This conference led to the battle of Five Forks and the
surrender of Lee's army at Appomattox. These bronze
hi^orical panels are framed with molded colored mar-
ble bases, with massive fasces at the four corners, and
heavv molded caps. Above the panels and extend-
ing to the ceiling, the shaft is encased by colored
marble.

In each of the four fasces are three large sized bronze
medallions of prominent Ohio commanders, the officers
chosen being Hon. E. M. Stanton, Secretary of War ;
Generals J. B. McPherson, James B. Hazen, A. Mc-
Dowell McCook, Manning F. Force, James B. Steed-
man, J. S. Casement, A. C. Yoris, J. J. Elwell, George
W. Morgan, Emerson Opdycke and Surgeon C. A. Hart-
man.

Between the arches of the windows on the east and
west walls are six niches in which rest bronze busts of
officers who were killed in action : Col. W. R. Creigh-
ton, Lieut. -Col. Mervine Clarke, Maj. J. B. Hampson,

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 619

Capt. Wm. W. Hutchinson, Capt. William Smith (who
subsequently died from wounds received in battle), and
Capt. Wallis J. Woodward.

By a vote of the Commission, the bronze busts of
Gen. James Barnett and Capt. Levi T. Scofield were
ordered placed over the north and south doors, the
former in honor of his distinguished patriotism during
the war, he having held the highest rank of any com-
rade from our county ; the latter in recognition of his
brilliant services, as architect and sculptor, to the peo-
ple of the County and to the Commissioners.

The marble ceiling is composed of heavy slabs of
light blue color about 6 feet 6 inches square, and the
molded ribs surrounding same are of a rich green color.
In the marble work over the entrances are two inscrip-
tions. Over the north entrance :

Cuyahoga County's tribute to those who gave, and
those who offered to give their lives, that the Nation
might live.

Written by President William J. Gleason.

Over the south entrance :

Break ranks and rest till the last trumpet's call
Shall sound the fateful reveille for all.
Written by Secretary Levi F. Bauder.
On the shaft, above the panel of the Sanitary Com-
mission, is engraved the following quotation from a
patriotic Memorial Day address of Henry Ward Beecher :

" How bright are the honors which await those who, with sacred
fortitude and patriotic patience, have endured all things that they
might save their native land from division and from the power of
corruption. The honored dead ! They that die for a good cause
are redeemed from death. Their names are gathered and garnered.
Their memory is precious. Oh, tell me not that they are dead!
That generous host, that airy army of invisible heroes. They hover
as a cloud of witnesses above this nation. Are they dead that yet
speak louder than we can speak, and a more universal language ?
Are they dead that yet act ? Are they dead that yet move upon so-

620 HISTORY OF THE CUYAHOGA COUNTY

cietv, and inspire the people with nobler motives and more heroic
patriotism? Till the mountains are worn out, and the rivers forget
to flow ; till the clouds are weary of replenishing springs, and the
springs forget to gush, and the rills to sing, shall their names be
kept fresh with reverent honors which are inscribed upon the book
of National Remembrance."

The floor is laid out in emblematic patterns of mar-
ble mosaic, two feet wide around the shaft and next to
the outer wall, where a bronze railing is placed to pro-
tect the tablets and panels. Between the railings is
the walking space laid with a marquetry of red and
white Medina stone, about four inches thick, the upper
surface being polished.

From the ceiling is suspended a rich cast bronze
electrolier encircling the shaft midway between same
and outer wall, with reflectors for both shaft and walls,
containing 120 incandescent lights. At the four cor-
ners are suspended handsome combination chandeliers
for gas and electricity.

The building is heated by electricity, with forty
electrical radiators that have been placed around the
walls, guaranteed to heat the room to 750 in zero
weather. The radiators are concealed by brass screens
perforated in the designs of corps and army badges.
The window openings have bronze frames and sashes
that are hinged at the bottom and open at the
top, worked with a chain and gearing to each sepa-
rate sash. The windows are glazed with stained glass
in emblematic mosaic patterns. On the side next
to the Cavalry group, the designs show nearly every-
thing that is used in the cavalry service — boots and
saddle, horseshoes, flags, carbines, revolvers, anvils,
swords, etc. Appropriate emblems are shown on the
other three sides. Those who served in the different
branches can pick out in the brilliant colors of opales-
cent glass everything that was familiar to them, from a
small screw up to the heaviest ordnance.

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 621

The sashes are made double, so that an extra thick-
ness of Florentine glass, placed on the outside, con-
ceals the raw colors of the light opalescent glass, which
otherwise would show on the exterior.

The bronze doors are of excellent construction, and
have rich panels with emblematic designs of the four
branches of service and some of the staff departments.
There are also cast bronze grilled doors of rich design
to correspond with the surroundings. All the above
doors have no hinges, but work with pivots in bronze
sockets let into the stone-work above and below. The
locks are of the same construction as used in bank
safes.

The sidewalks and diagonal walks are made of the
best quality of North River blue stone in slabs of
large sizes and about four inches thick. The upper sur-
faces are polished and the flagging work is in every
way all that could be desired.

On three sides of the Monument, in the grass plots,
are set out beautifully colored flowering plants in beds,
representing the twenty-four corps of the Army ; and,
on the Superior Street side, large badges of the Grand
Army of the Republic, Women's Relief Corps, the
Loyal Legion, the Union Veterans' Union and the
Sons of Veterans.

ROLL OF HONOR.

XXIX.

A STUDY of the names on the Roll of Honor clearly
demonstrates the universal feeling of earnest
patriotism that pervaded all of our citizens during the
trying period of the Rebellion. Americans by birth, as
well as those who first saw the light of day upon the soils
of Germany, Ireland, France, England, and other foreign
countries, will be found side by side ; men who gave all
they held dearest upon earth ; aye, men who gave and
offered to give their lives that the Union and Constitu-
tion might be preserved ; men of all the different creeds
of religion, and men of no creed ; all imbued with one
object, all banded together in sacred comradeship,
marching shoulder to shoulder, keeping step to the
music of the Union, fighting for one common country,
for the supremacy of law and order, for the preservation
of the flag of freedom, in defense of the glorious Stars
and Stripes — the emblem of liberty to the oppressed of
all nations of the world ; for the perpetuation of the
grandest Republic the sunlight of heaven shines
upon.

Protestant and Catholic, Jew and Gentile, believer
and non-believer, all willing to sacrifice their lives as
comrades on the altar of their country ; no boy or man,
officer or private, asking his comrade from what clime
he came, or at what shrine he worshiped. It was suf-

626 ROLL OF HONOR.

ficient to know that he wore the Bine, that his heart
was in the right place, and that he fonght for the
Union.

They knew not race,

Nor creed, nor politics ;
They were all for the Union,
One Country,
One Flag.

The Roll of Honor will forever perpetuate the heroic
memory and deeds of the Union Soldiers and Sailors,
and the gallant band of noble women who sustained
them.

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INFANTRY.

1st REGIMENT.
FIELD AND STAFF.

Hill, James, ist Lieut, and Q
Collins, Edward J., Q. M.
Davidson, William A., Q. M. Serg.
Mabb, Andrew J., Com. Serg.

COMPANY A.
PRIVATE.
Piper, Henry B.

COMPANY D.
Carpenter, William M., ist Lieut.
Varian, Alexander, ist Lieut.
Prentiss, Willard, 2d Lieut.
Cowin, William C, Serg.
Duncan, William, Serg.
Galloway, Henry W., Serg.
Merrick, Joseph E., Serg.
Wherrett, Charles, Serg.
Wilson, George A., Serg.
Aldrich, Leverett, Corp.
Conant, Horace G., Corp.
Eddy, Marvin L., Corp.
Farrar, Clement H., Corp.
Farwell, Franklin A , Corp.
Farwell, Horace W., Corp.
Goss, Reuben, Corp.
Tod, Christopher, Corp.
DeLand, James B., Mus.
Mullen, John, Mus.

PRIVATES.
Anderton, Charles H.
Barber, Edwin R.
Beasly, Samuel M.
Bennett, Eli
Burbeck, William
Cackler, Willard
Cady, John T.
Campbell, Charles C.
Carran, Robert A.
Coleman, James
DeLand, William B.
Dubber, Lawrence
Hayward, Henry W.
Isham, William C.
Jones, Enoch F.
Kelly, Reuben B.
Leach, Albert C.
Pulver, Chester C.
Roberts, Eugene
Sarver, Albert
Scarr, Frederick
Watterson, Julius C.
Watterson, Robert F.

COMPANY E.
Ensworth, Jeremiah, Capt.
Paddock, Thomas S., Capt.
Hampsou, James B., ist Lieut.
Frazee, John N., 2d Lieut.
Richards, Joseph M., 2d Lieut.
Pickands, James, ist Serg.

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628

ROLL OF HONOR.

Daykin, Horace E., Serg.
Hinman, Frank H., Serg.
McGrath, Bernard, Serg.
Tibbitts, George W., Serg.
Barrett, Arthur H., Corp.
Masury, George A., Corp.
Pickands, Henry S., Corp.
Rutter, Andrew D., Corp.
Robinson, William F., Fifer.
Mullen, Edward, Drummer.

PRIVATES.

Abbey, Charles H.
Albrecht, Rudolph
Armstrong, George W.
Baldwin, Homer H.
Baumeister, William H.
Bell, Ezekiel F.
Brainard, Henry A.
Breslin, Patrick H.
Burger, William R.
Canfield, Austin
Carlisle, Andrew
Carroll, Patrick H.
Clinton, Alexander M.
Cole, Chester I.
Collins, Edward J.
Converse, Maurice
Cutter, N. P.
Cutter, Richard H.
Davis, Alfred A.
Dixon, Sylvanus S.
Duncan, William
Duroy, Marshall
Dutton, John B.
Field, Reuben A.
Ford, Frank J.
Fouts, Jacob N.
Frerichs, John H.
Gibbons, James

Gillett, Henry
Gillett, Omar
Goodwillie, Thomas
Habich, Augustus C.
Heege, Philip
Hendrix, Charles K.
Hill, James
Hoyt, George
Hunt, Lyman D.
Hutchinson, William W
Kretchdorn, Lawrence
Lester, Sanford
Lohrer, Jacob J.
Martin, George N.
McDowell, Charles J.
McGinness, James
McLaughlin, James
McLeod, H. N.
Merna, John
Minor, Charles E.
Morgan, William
Murray, William E.
Nash, Henry F.
Oakley, John H.
Phelps, John A.
Piper, Henry S.
Prentiss, Willard C.
Proctor, Harvey E.
Root, George B.
Scarry, Michael
Schwind, Joseph J.
Severance, Isaac W.
Shumway, Edwin J.
Smyth, Charles G.
Spangler, Basil S.
Stoller, Lewis
Taft, Sherman B.
Taylor, William H.
Thomas, Frank E.
Thompson, Alex. E.

!£■

ROLL OF HONOR.

629

Tocl, James S.
Turtier, Caleb
Umlauft, Edward E.
Waterman, George L.
Waters, Austin H.
Watkins, George
Wheeler, James E.
Wherritt, Charles
Whitehead, David S.
Wight, Albert L.
Wilbur, Charles J.
Wilcox, William C.
Wise, George C.

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COMPANY

PRIVATES

Hall, William

McGee, James

COMPANY

PRIVATES.

Keck, Simon

Welch, Jacob

COMPANY

Dixon, Sylvanus S.,

1st Lieut,

PRIVATES.

Clark, Ebenezer
Joyce, George A.
Lowes, Henry
Moses, Francis
Worden, Clayton E.

5th REGIMENT.

COMPANY B.

PRIVATE.

Harbaugh, John

COMPANY G.

PRIVATES.
Alexander, Henry
Berger, Albert
Buchmann, Conrad
Tetzer, Herman

6th REGIMENT.
COMPANY A.

Foote, Louis A.
Halliday, Frank H.

7th REGIMENT.

FIELD AND STAFF.

Creightou, William R., Col.
Crane, OrrinJ., Lieut. Col.
Bellows, Curtis J., Sur.
Cushiug, Henry K., Sur.
Ferguson, John C, Asst. Sur.
Baxter, Morris, Adj.
De Forest, Louis G., Adj.
Molyneaux, Joseph B., Adj.
Brown, F. T., Chaplain.
Wright, Dean C, Chaplain.
Webb, Joseph P., Serg. Maj.
Walters, R. W., Hosp. Stew.

COMPANY A.

Howe, William A., Capt.
McKay, George A., Capt.
Molyneaux, Joseph B., Capt.
Brown, Dwight H., 1st Lieut.
Kimball, Dudley A., 2d Lieut.
Claflin, Jeremiah G, 1st Serg.
Davis, Zebulon P., Serg.
Galvin, John H., Serg.
Holly, Morris J., Serg.
Lecompte, Theodore, Serg.

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Mallory, John H., Serg.
Sadler, William, Serg.
Smith, Carlos A., Serg.
Southwell, William, Serg.
Williams, Francis, Serg.
Austin, Alfred, Corp.
Austin, Lewis, Corp.
Averill, Stephen, Corp.
Brown, Henry J., Corp.
Collett, John C, Corp.
Craig, John D., Corp.
Duttcn, Frank, Corp.
Ewart, Alexander, Corp.
Forbey, William E., Corp.
Gillett, Townley, Corp.
Holmes, Milton D., Corp.
Kelly, Edward T., Corp.
Lovett, Aaron C, Corp.
Ryan, Thomas, Corp.
Smalley, Herbert L., Corp.
Sweet, Samuel, Corp.
Warren, Hiram V., Corp.
Werz, Francis J., Corp.
Wright, Edwin L , Corp.
McClain, Joseph, Bugler.
Brockway, Marcus, Drummer.
French, Lafayette, Drummer.
Mullen, Edward, Drummer.

PRIVATES.

Baker, Charles
Ballou, Charles H.
Bandle, John
Barber, Richard L.
Bennett, Perry
Bishop, Albert
Blackwell, Joseph
Blaiklock, Henry A.
Bower, John H.
Bradley, Chester W.

Brand, Frederick W.
Brightmore, Joseph T.
Buchanan, Samuel E.
Burns, John G.
Burroughs, Carlos A.
Burrows, Thomas
Burt, Theodore
Burton, John H.
Campbell, Leander H.
Caunell, Morrison J.
Cheeney, Charles H.
Chelsey, Simon J.
Clancey, Daniel W.
Clark, William S.
Clinton, Alexander M.
Creque, Ferdinand
Crippen, Andrew J.
Cronin, John
Dowse, Thomas
Earl, John
Eckert, Henry C.
Elwell, Oscar J.
Eucher, John
Evans, Evan
Evans, George W.

Farrand, Fred. P.

Forbey, Albert A.

Fresher, Thomas

Gable, Jacob H.

Gardner, H. F.

Gazely, Jabez C.

Gear, John

Gillson, William F.

Guinter, Abraham

Hammond, Theo. T.

Harrington, John W.

Hart, Edward

Hatfield, Benjamin

Heege, Jacob

Henry, Roswell C.

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ROLL OF HONOR.

631

Hoffman, Fred. W.
Holly, Henry H.
Horn, William
Houk, Jacob F.
Hubbell, William N.
Jackman, Orvis F.
Johnson, William H.
Johnston, Robert B.
Jones, Jeremiah C.
Kehl, William
Keller, Charles A.
Keller, Frederick
Kelley, Philip
Knoble, Leonard
Kreitz, Albert P.
Lant, John W.
Lappin, Arthur
Lawrence, David B.
Lincoln, Rufus W.
Lloyd, James J.
Loomis, Luther W.
Lucas, William
Martin, Thomas H. B.
Maxfield, Isaac
McCanna, Michael
McDowell, Fred. G.
McLaiu, Willis F.
Meacham, Altnon
Miller, Joseph
Mills, Stephen
Morgan, Alonzo J.
Neville, John
Ott, Jacob
Parsons, John G.
Powell, Charles W.
Pratt, Henry A.
Preble, Charles E.
Prestage, John H.
Randall, Adolphus M.
Randall, Frank

Ranney, Charles H.
Rhodes, Frederick
Richell, Thomas
Richmond, Edmond
Rockefeller, Franklin G.
Ross, Charles E.
Sadler, Samuel
Schroeder, Louis
Seufert, William
Shepley, Thomas
Sherwood, James
Sherwood, Thomas C.
Shottz, Henry
Simmons, George W.
Simmons, Henry
Smith, Alfred W.
Smith, Charles W.
Snider, Adolph
Spencer, George E.
Sperrv, Edward A.
Stafford, Albert J.
Stein, David G.
Stern, Charles H.
Stevenson, Thomas
St. Lawrence, Edward
Sumner, Charles
Swaiue, Edward A.
Thompson, William N.
Thurston, William H.
Towne, Ephraiin N.
Tyson, Henry
Vaughn, George E.
Virgil, Henry J.
Wacker, Leonard G.
Watkins, Lewis J.
Webb, Frank J.
Whaley, Myron H.
White, Ford W.
White, James
Williams, W. H. B.

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ROLL OF HONOR.

Wilsdon, Richard L.
Wood, Charles A.
Wright, Edwin L.

COMPANY B.

Clark, Mervin, Capt.
Bohm, Edward H., 1st Lieut.
Eaton, Henry Z., 1st Lieut.
Sweeney, Thomas T., 1st Lieut.
Cryne, Joseph, 2 J Lieut.
Bauder, Levi F., 1st Serg.
Cutler, Marcus M., Serg.
Fitch, Asa H., Serg.
Gaskill, Frankliu R., Serg.
Schmidt, Gustav, Serg.
Trotier, Joseph, Serg.
Walker, Marshall, Serg.
Whitehead, George W., Serg.
Brown, Thomas C, Corp.
Eddy, Nehemiah G., Corp.
Ezekiel, David L, Corp.
Gibson, Edward, Corp.
Gordon, Samuel E., Corp.
Hardest}-, Jesse, Corp.
Lamphear, L. K., Corp.
Marble, Edward L., Corp.
Marks, Jacob, Corp.
Smith, William E., Corp.
Walworth, William, Corp.
Wilson, Clark L., Corp.
Stebbins, Edward E., Drummer.
Cain, Jack, Mus.

PRIVATES.

Abrarns, John B.
Adams, William
Aley, Lucius
Armstrong, Jacob C.
Atloff, Andrew
Atwell, William B.

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Austin, Alonzo
Benuett, Abraham S.
Bentley, Charles H.
Bishop, Orrin A.
Bliss, Harmon H.
Boyle, Daniel T.
Brooks, James A.
Brown, Thomas C.
Cannell, William H. H.
Carmody, Martin
Carroll, James
Carrows, Jacob W.
Carson, Jacob W.
Carter, Sylvester
Case, Edward
Chapman, Charles L.
Clague, William H.
Clermont, Francis, Jr.
Clifford, Francis
Conant, Edward
Corlett, George
Coslett, George W.
Cowan, Charles
Coyle, John
Cox, George W.
Cox, Junior R.
Creighton, Joshua
Cullen, John
Cunningham, Charles
Davis, John
Deming, Frederick R.
Dixon, James
Drumm, William
Eckert, Arthur
Edwards, William E.
Elliott, Eugene W.
Ensign, Valentine
Fagan, Charles
Felton, Charles
Foote, Louis A.

*6&

ROLL OF HONOR.

Fowler, William D.
Gasser, Joseph M.
Geitz, Leonard
George, Edward
Gillson, John T.
Goodrich, Grant
Gordon, John F.
Grimes, Ira
Guellon, Milton
Halliday, Frank H.
Hashfield, Benjamin
Haylor, John
Healey, John S.
Heurickle, Frank
Hill, Pliney E.
Hill, William
Hime, Jacob E.
Hoffman, Jacob
Holt, Corwin M.
Holt, Josiah M.
Hull, John
Huson, Leonard
Jones, Alonzo C.
Jones, John D.
Kendall, George
Kubler, Joseph
Lamb, Allen C.
Laetch, William F.
Large, Henry
Lemert, Joshua
Lord, Caius C.
Marble, Edward L.
Mathews, Roswell E.
McCabe, James
McClaflin, E. M.
Meacham, Ellridge F.
Meekins, Edgar G.
Miller, Henry
Mulgrew, Bernard
Nicholas, Martin

Nichols, Thomas B.
Oswald, Charles
Partridge, William
Peebles, Rensellear R.
Pollis, Henry W.
Post, Judson H.
Quayle, George L.
Radcliffe, Edward
Randall, Harrison
Reese, James M.
Reid, Duncan
Reynolds, Lewis H.
Rice, Stephen W.
Richards, Julius
Riddle, Thomas C.
Robinson, Francis
Robinson, George C.
Russell, David
Russell, Johnson
Sherrick, George O.
Smith, James
Spencer, Frederick
Stark, Lewis
Steinberger, George
Stoddard, Ira
Stone, John
Stoppell, Arthur
St. Johns, Samuel
Striker, Alfred D.
St. Onge, Mitchell
Townsend, Robert J.
Walterhouse, James P.
Watrous, Albert W.
Watrous, Frank E.
Williams, Benjamin T.
Williams, Cyrus
Williams, Daniel T.
Williams, George W.
Withers, Albert E.
Wood, Amos E.

633

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634

ROLL OF HONOR.

\V.

Wood, Geor£
Wood, Starr B.
Wooley, Albert A.
Worlitzer, Anthony
Worth, Reginald H.
Wyatt, James E.
Young, Edward E.
Young, Henry L.
Ziemer, Gustavus
Zwieker, Ernest A.

COMPANY C.

Davis, Llewellyn R., Capt.
Bowler, Charles P., Serg.
Hicks, Owen, Serg.
Dann, Alfred T., Corp.
Finneran, John, Corp.
Forbes, Franklin M., Corp.
Gaffett, Nicholas, Corp.
Gleason, Silas, Corp.
Grant, William, Corp.
Raymond, James W., Corp.

PRIVATES.
Baldwin, John, Jr.
Barnes, William O.
Cleverton, Joseph S.'
Grigsby, Philip
Lowrey, John
McCarran, Joseph
Myers, James T.
Myers, Levi
Phillips, John B.
Proctor, William
Rand, True
Sevey, Benjamin L.
Stone, Marvin C.
Stowe, Joseph M.
Sweet, Thomas
Van Ormau, R. C.

Wall, Charles E.
Wood, Daniel P.

COMPANY D.

Williams, A. J., 2d Lieut.
Caine, William, Serg.
Force, Emor}' W., Serg.
Fisher, Amos C, Corp.
Norris, Norman L., Corp.

PRIVATES.
Bose, Frederick
Cutler, John A.
Dawes, John W.
Franke, John A.
Green, Edwin
Henrick, George
Hobday, Edward
Hunt, Westel W.
Hunton, Horace H.
Hutchinson, Wm. J.
Lauder, Thomas M.
Nash, Albert W.
Norris, Sherman R.
Pullman, Samuel R.
Rowe, John
Rubicon, James A.
Shively, George
Smith, Alfred E.
Smith, John
Smith, Perry H.
Smith, Stephen A.
Trulsen, Hans
Valleau, George
Wirts, John B.

COMPANY E.
Clark, Joseph F., Serg.
Davis, Frederick A., Corp.
Furniss, William, Corp.

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ROLL OF HONOR.

63 =

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PRIVATES.

Floro, Daniel
Floro, Jesse
Green, Henry
Grinnell, Oliver
Kennedy, Edward J.
Steele, Henry R.

COMPANY F.

Burgess, Albert C, Capt.
Hopkins, Marcus S., 1st Lieut.
Stratton, Isaac, 1st Serg.
Poor, Williarn H., Corp.
Winzenried, Ralph, Corp.

PRIVATES.

Auxer, James B.
Bergiu, John
Camp, Harlow
Davis, George H.
Remmel, Lawrence
Rohr, John
Stanford, William
Wintersteen, Shannon R.

COMPANY G.
Callow, William T., Serg.

PRIVATES.

Clark, George H.
Dauford, Tunis S.
Douthitt, Enoch M.
Featherstone, James
Flickinger, Ephraim
Garrison, James A.
Ohl, John
Shaw, Stanley A.
Smith, Franklin J.
Steedman, Albert

COMPANY H.

Nesper, Christian, Capt.

PRIVATES.

Bariium, Amnion D.
Barnum, Samuel H.
Brobst, Solomon
Brooks, James C.
Cavanah, Arthur A.
Covert, Franklin J.
Crosby, Edwin C.
Fox, William H.
Hardman, Peter M.
Hunt, James
Jones, Hugh
Loveless, James
Martin, Otis
Moore, Jonathan
Olliver, George W.
Ramalia, Abraham

COMPANY I.

Pratt, Theodore W., Corp.

PRIVATES.

Burton, Alonzo H.
Burton, Isaac
Doran, Thomas B.
Metcalf, George
Palmer, Randall B.
Rice, Charles E.

COMPANY K.

Cross, Judson N., Capt.
Schutte, John F., Capt.
Nitschelm, C. F., 1st Lieut.
Butzmau, William, 1st Serg.
Haltnorth, Fred, 1st Serg.
Hiukstou, Elmore, 1st Serg.

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ROLL OF HONOR.

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Lauterwasser, William, 1st Serg.
Ludwig, Charles, ist Serg.
Grebe, James, Serg.
Haefele, John, Serg.
Kick, Andrew, Serg.
Kohlmann, Adolphus, Serg.
Kurz, Jacob, Serg.
Rochotte, Henry, Serg.
Schaub, Hermann, Serg.
Schiukel, Frederick, Serg.
Sohl, George T., Serg.
Straehle, Henry, Serg.
Voges, William, Serg.
Denzel, George, Corp.
Hummell, Jacob, Corp.
Lehr, William, Corp.
Reisse, Christian, Corp.
Schott, John, Corp.
Sommer, Conrad, Corp.
Weber, William, Corp.
Kind, Peter, Mus.

PRIVATES.

Ackermau, Henry
Anthony, Phillip
Armbruster, Constan.
Bauer, John
Bauer, Nicholas
Beil, Sigmund
Bock, Frederick
Bodecker, August
Bott, John

Breidenbach, Charles
Brown, Henry
Brown, Phillip
Bruekelmeyer, Fred.
Buchmanu, Conrad
Burger, Albert
Cliff, Edward
Colbrunn, John E.

Dehmel, Louis
Dietrich, Frank
Dietz, Coney
Doll, John W.
Dorr, David F.
Dunton, Edwin
Faubel, Henry
Fenz, Engelbert
Fetzer, Hermann
Flabbig, Tobias
Frank, Henry
Furst, Jacob
Geissler, John
Glaser, Emil
Graeter, Charles
Greiner, Charles H.
Greve, Jacob
Gruenwald, Gottlieb
Haebbig, Tobias
Hahn, Christian
Hahn, Henry
Hahn, Sebastian
Haskel, Charles
Heege, Jacob H.
Hoffman, George
Hoffman, Henry
Jassaud, Fred.
Kaestle, Samuel
Krauss, Christian F.
Kullmer, Michael
Kurbacher, Frank
Lahr, William Henry
Leininger, John
Lorenz, Frank
Luetke, John E.
Maeder, Vincent
Malchus, Andrew
Merkel, Matthias
Michell, Fred.
Miller, John G.

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ROLL OF HONOR.

637

Miller, Theodore
Mueller, Frank
Munz, John
Nock, Jacob
Nowak, John
Oettinger, Christian
Oswald, Conrad
Perley, Victor
Pfahl, William
Popp, Gottlieb
Raeber, John
Raquett, George
Renz, Solomon
Rich, Charles
Rinner, John C.
Ritchie, William
Rosel, William
Rothman, Henry B.
Rowe, Joseph
Rueckler, George
Saiser, Martin
Schaedler, Franz
Schlatmeyer, Henry
Schlegel, Ferdinand
Schmidt, Fred. H.
Schmidt, Henry
Schmitt, Michael
Schneeberger, Jacob
Schoembs, John
Schramm, Adolph F.
Schuessler, John
Schwartz, Christian F.
Schweitzer, Richard
Schwink, John
Seelbach, Frederick
Seipel, John
Sepling, Martin
Smith, John
Sommer Conrad
Spatholz, John

Stahl, Charles
Stegmeyer, John
Steinbauer, Fred. W.
Stern, John
Tezer, Herman
Tyroler, Sigo
Voelker, John
Voelker, John T.
Vogel, John William
Walley, Charles
Walter, Charles
Wandel, George
Weber, Franz William
Weiland, John
Weissenbach, George H.
Wenner, Jacob
Werner, Charles
Wiegand, John
Wolf, Julius
Worm, Jacob
Zimmerman, Charles
Zipp, George
Zahn, John
Zeidler, Frederick
Zitzman, Athanasius

StLi REGIMENT.

COMPANY B.

Kenney, William, Capt.
O'Reilly, James K., Capt.
Delaney, William, 1st Lieut.
Galwey, Thomas F., 1st Lieut.
Lantry, John, 2d Lieut.
Fairchild, John G., 1st Serg.
Butler, James J., Serg.
Conlan, James, Serg.
Evans, Joseph, Serg.
Garvey, John, Serg.
Hannan, Edward, Serg.

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ROLL OF HONOR.

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Hennessey, John, Serg.
Hoage, William, Serg.
Kelle}r, James, Serg.
Newell, Edward J., Serg.
O'Leary, Patrick, Serg.
Tracy, John, Serg.
Brown, Samuel, Corp.
Gallagher, James, Corp.
Lathrop, Chauncey, Corp.
Malone, John L,., Corp.
McCarty, Charles, Corp.
McGrath, Patrick, Corp.
McGuire, Bernard, Corp.
Meermans, Peter, Corp.
Moore, James P. A., Corp.
O'Kelley, Thomas, Corp.
O'Rourke, Richard, Corp.
Reedy, John, Corp.
Wiley, Charles M., Corp.
Evans, Richard, Mus.

PRIVATES.

Alderman, Wm. H. L.
Baldwin, Augustus
Bertrand, Jeremiah J.
Black, Henry
Boyle, Thomas
Brown, James
Brown, William
Buckley, Jeremiah M.
Burk, John
Burnwich, Michael
Burton, Joseph
Bushran, Lewis
Cable, Augustus
Callahan, John
Carnes, William
Carr, Stephen C.
Carroll, Michael
Cashen, Patrick A.

Champion, William F.
Chickchester, John E.
Conlan, Peter
Connelly, Frederick
Corns, William
Cornyn, Michael
Crawford, William
Crow, William
Cummings, Martin
Dean, John
Denief, James D.
Denny, James
Dumphey, John
Elwood, Richard
Fralies, Jacob
Gaffey, Patrick
Gaffey, Thomas
Gallagher, Charles
Gardner, James
Gibbons, Edward
Giddings, James
Gorman, Edward
Greer, Edward
Griffin, Patrick
Guffles, Walter
Hagerty, John C.
Hale, S. V.
Hall, Henry
Hardway, James
Hayes, John
Higgins, James
Hogan, John
Hogan, Simon
Holden, Frank
Horgan, James
Howard, Francis
Howley, John
Johnson, William
Jordan, John
Joyce, William

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Keeley, Peter
Keliher, Jeremiah
Kelley, Francis
Kiennan, William
Larasey, Thomas
Lathrop, Azor C.
Lee, Richard H.
Leeper, James
Le Fever, Eugene
Lilley, Albert
Lloyd, Joseph
MarkwellJ. N. B.
McDonald, William
McDougall, Allen
McGrath, Michael
McLean, Alexander
McNamara, John D.
McReever, Henry H.
Meagher, John
Monson, Thomas
Montgomery, John
Mooney, Daniel
Moonshine, Francis J.
Moonshine, Joseph
Moore, James P. A.
Mullen, John
Mulvey, Bernard
Murphy, Hollis
Murray, James M. C.
Newell, Edward J.
Niggle, Peyton
Noonau, Patrick C.
Oakes, Gardner
O'Connell, Michael
O'Conuer, Cornelius
O'Hallorau, William
O'Neil, James
O'Reilly, David
Quinn, John
Ready, John C.

ROLL OF HONOR

Reilley, John M.
Rogers, James E.
Scully, John
Sheehan, Patrick
Shepherd, John
Sheridan, John
Smith, Alfred
Smith, John
Squires, Thomas
Upright, George T.
Varuey, Erwin L.
Waldson, Martin
Walsh, Patrick K.
Warnekey, Charles F.
Wilson, David
Wilson, George R.
Wood, Alpheus

COMPANY D.

PRIVATE.
Dewalt, Joseph

COMPANY K.
Bacon, Oscar E., Serg.

COMPANY K.
Sawtell, Edward H., Serg.

lltLi REGIMENT.

COMPANY C.
PRIVATES.
Carey, John
Goulder, Robert F.

13th REGIMENT

COMPANY B.

PRIVATE.
Pletscher, Henry

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640

ROLL OF HONOR.

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COMPANY I.
PRIVATE.
Knott, John

14th REGIMENT.

COMPANY A.
PRIVATES.
Hines, Thomas
Jones, Francis L.
Lesson, Henry

COMPANY I.
Saper, David, Serg.

PRIVATE.
Burton, George

COMPANY K.
Parker, Isaac, Corp.

PRIVATES.

Barnes, Robert J.
Condon, Edward
Stull, Joseph

17th REGIMENT.
Herrick, Henry J., Sur.

COMPANY A.
PRIVATE.
Wood, William J.

COMPANY E.
PRIVATES.

Berbinger, Julian
McBride, James
Neville, William

Scott, Archibald
Simps, William
Stark, Henry
Teeple, Walter H.
Wetzel, John
Wilson, James A.

18th REGIMENT.

COMPANY G.
Ireland, John, Capt.

PRIVATES.

Campfield, Thomas
Hylaud, George
Radcliff, William

19th REGIMENT.

COMPANY K.
Fitch, Jabez W.,Q. M.

REGIMENTAL BAND.
Peebles, Peter, Leader.
Billson, Caleb
Brown, James
Heydler, G.
Heydler, William
Miller, John
Segur, Fred.
Wehrschmidt, Daniel
Woodworth, John

2 0th REGIMENT.
Whittlesey, Charles, Col.

2 3d REGIMENT.
FIELD AND STAFF.
Mcllrath, James P., Maj.
Thompson, Harry, Maj.

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Seaman, Jerome B., Serg. Maj.
Thompson, James, Q. M. Serg.
Chamberlain, Jehiel L., Com.

Serg.
Fox, William W., Hosp. Stew.
Horton, Rollin, Hosp. Stew.
Brown, Eliel, Principal Mus.
Cogswell, Frederick V., Mus.
Mullen, Hugh, Mus.
Spring, Edward V., Mus.

COMPANY A.
Clark, Eugene, Capt.
Chamberlain, Wm, P., ist Lieut.
Killam, Benjamin, ist Lieut.
Wall, Johu F., ist Lieut.
Willard, Charles A., 2d Lieut.
McCanna, Hugh, ist Serg.
Richards, Orville W., ist Serg.
Hayr, James, Serg.
Jerome, Alfred A., Serg.
Kelley, Nathan I., Serg.
Mather, Cassius L., Serg.
Mcllrath, Philip C, Serg.
Mitchell, James S., Serg.
Palmer, James, Serg.
Armour, James H., Corp.
Bircut, Charles, Corp.
Black, John, Corp.
Botsford, Eli F., Corp.
Bull, Sheridau E., Corp.
Butler, Michael, Corp.
Doughty, James E., Corp.
Fox, LuKe, Corp.
Hartman, Charles, Corp.
Howe, David I., Corp.
Lejeune, Stephen, Corp.
Thurston, George, Corp.
Vansickle, Asa M., Corp.
Wise, John K., Corp.

Benner, John, Mus.

Moore, Sylvester F., Wagoner.

PRIVATES.

Ainger, Brainard D.
Armstrong, James H.
Ayers, George S.
Barker, Andrew S.
Barnes, Joshua L.
Bentley, Albert G.
Bentley, Wilbur
Berschig, Augustus
Bircut, John
Black, Johnson
Bosworth, William E.
Bowra, Thomas
Braddish, Henry L.
Bruner, John
Bull, Harmon H.
Burlingame, Ira
Burmeister, Henry
Burrell, Frank W.
Caldwell, John
Caldwell, Joseph C.
Cameron, Hugh
Campbell, Edwin B.
Chapman, Charles W.
Chapman, John S.
Church, Luther
Clark, Manville
Clute, John H.
Couners, Thomas O.
Cornwall, Robert C.
Cragiu, Henry H.
Crawford, Larkin
Daniels, Maurice P.
Deady, Michael
Dibble, Charles E.
Dumont, Charles E.
Dunn, John

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Fauver, Lorenzo A.
Fell, Joseph W.
Fitch, John
Fitch, Sanford H.
Flytin, Thomas
Giles, Franklin

Green, Andrew M.

Greenup, James B.

Halpin, Francis

Hanna, Frederick

Harper, Levi S.

Harris, Frederick

Harris, Joseph S.

Haury, Jacob

Haury, John

Hazen, Henry E.

Henry, Edward E.

Hewitt, John E.

Hickox, Charles W.

Higby, Henry W.

Hill, James A.

Hogan, Patrick

Hoyt, Oren S.

Hubbell, William H.

Hunt, Lorenzo D.

Isler, Arnold

Ives, Ashley
Jenkins, George W.
Joel, Joseph A.
Johnson, Abram S.
Jones, Daniel
Jones, Thomas
Kalbruner, John
Kempf, George
Kimberley, David H.
Lee, William G.
Lett, William
Litch, Washington
Lufkin, Henry C.
Lynch, Edward

ROLL OF HONOR.

Lyons, William
McGrath, Martin
Moseley, Oliver R.
Oles, James
Palmer, William H.
Parker, Edwin F.
Parmelee, Edward A.
Pettibone, William
Potter, Henry C.
Rhoades, Seth I.
Rice, Alvah A.
Roscoe, Edward W.
Ross, Thaddeus A.
Rudolph, James K.
Sawyer, William H.
Schmitz, Bernard
Schmitz, Samuel
Seely, Andrew
Segur, Joseph
Smith, Asa
Smith, Charles
Smith, Charles P.
Smith, Joseph
Stephens, Edward Y.
Stoll, Charles
Stratton, Franklin H.
Stuart, Alexander
Taylor, William H.
Tegardine, Jacob E.
Till, William A.
Tucker, Albert
Ullman, Isaac
Wallace, William
Wenban, Henry S.
Whigham, Thomas J.
Whitmore, Robert
Wise, Henry K.
Woodruff, Henry S.
Zeleuka, Joseph

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ROLL OF HONOR.

643

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COMPANY B.
Morgan, Charles H., Capt.

COMPANY C.

Jackson, Benjamin W., ist Lieut.

PRIVATE.
Kies, Raynor

COMPANY D.

Lovejoy, Howard S., Capt.
Hicks, George W., ist Lieut.
Ogden, John T., ist Lieut.
Cameron, Edward, ist Serg.
Bennett, Clifton A., Serg.
Chase, Willis, Serg.
Gilson, Lucius F., Serg.
Gorman, John, Serg.
Hanchet, Demi. C, Serg.
Hardy, William W., Serg.
Lindley,John H., Serg.
Taylor, Eliphalet J., Serg.
Brooks, William E., Corp.
Goddard, James H., Corp.
Green, Orrin F., Corp.
Lowe, Harver K., Corp.
Price, Edward A., Corp.
Schirmes, Gottlieb L., Corp.
Stephens, Ephraim, Corp.
Tanner, Abraham, Corp.
Penn, George W., Mus.

PRIVATES.
Ager, Henry
Archer, George A.
Baker, Daniel
Barker, Isaac W.
Bassett, Corydon
Bidwell, George S.
Boone, William R.

Brumley, Joseph
Clifford, Samuel
Cogswell, Frederick B.
Cooley, Jasper
Crowder, James
Curtiss, Samson C.
Dauby, David
Durkee, Hiram
Eaton, John
Eldridge, James F.
Field, Gilbert G.
Fisher, Ransom
Flack, Thomas
Franks, Milton H.
Goss, John
Graeber, William
Hance, Joel
Hanson, William D.
Harris, Theodore
Hartmau, Jacob
Hawes, Edwin
Holcomb, William I.
Holz worth, Henry M.
Holzworth, Philip
Hooker, Frederick
Hower, Joseph
Ingersoll, Theodore
Jones, David
Jones, George W.
Jones, Samuel J.
Jones, William
Leach, Edgar
Leach, Sylvester
Leonard, Allen H.
Lowensteiu, George
Manchester, Charles E.
Marmilstein, Henry
McCarty, H. W.
McElroy, Samuel
McKenny, Meredith

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ROLL OF HONOR.

Mills, Anson K.
Molter, Henry
Montague, Henry
Morgan, Charles
Motrey, Frederick
O'Beirn, John
Peterman, David
Reauuourd, George C.
Ryan, Martin
Scott, David E.
Seaman, Truman S.
Searl, John R.
Sims, Edward
Sipler, Marshall H.
Squire, Lawrence
Squire, Warren
Waldo, James H.
Ward, Samuel
Wartmau, James
Wheeler, Harry
Wiley, Thomas J.
Wing, Nelson H.

COMPANY E.
Thompson, Frederick, 1st Lieut.

PRIVATES.
Chamberlin, Jared S.
Featherly, Charles
Holley, Orson
Huntly, Scott F.
Little, Horace A.
Stover, David C.

COMPANY F.

Abbott, Edward A., Capt.
Conant, Charles P., 1st Lieut.

PRIVATES.
Kingsbury, Alonzo
Williams, James

COMPANY G.

Haven, Henry M., Capt.
Hood, Henry G., Capt.
Woodward, Wallis J., Capt.

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Barrett, Lewis

COMPANY I.

Lane, Leander H., Capt.
Bartholomew, Hiram, Serg.
Chamberlain, Martin N., Serg.
King, Christopher, Serg.
Mcintosh, William, Serg.
Miller, Jacob A., Serg.
Tyler, George E., Serg.
Donel, John, Corp.
Eddy, George S., Corp.
Saunders, William A., Corp.
Selden, William L., Corp.
Smith, Francis C, Corp.
Valeau, Jackson, Corp.
Hopkins, Orin, Mus.

PRIVATES.

Allen, George
Archer, David
Bently, Albert
Bingham, John
Bottin, Joseph N.
Brown, Michael A.
Brown, William H.
Clow, Ogden M.
Corbit, Michael
Cox, Alvin

Cronenberger, Charles
Crump, William T.
Davis, Francis M.
De Long, Joseph

j> «

ROLL OF HONOR.

645

Dille, Charles
Dixon, Robert A.
Eddy, Oliver W.
Fairbanks, Robert
Fiuley, George F.
Foote, George
Fouts, Thomas
Gage, George S.
Grant, Safford A.
Gray, William
Grayell, Jabez
Green, Thomas W.
Greer, William F.
Gunion, Joseph
Hadlock, John
Hammond, Edwin H.
Harvey, John A.
Herman, Amos T.
Hines, Philander J.
Horn, John
Jenkins, William
Jenks, Daniel B.
Johnson, Orin C.
Jones, George C.
Kunsman, Henry W.
Myers, Elbridge
Oaks, William H.
Peck, Clarence M.
Pierson, Robert P.
Redmond, Thomas
Rinkel, Christian
Rose, William
Rosenberry, Robert A.
Rupert, Samuel W.
Ryan, Michael
Schneider, Morris
Scribner, Patrick
Severance, William
Shepherd, Absalom G.
Southworth, Ezra

Walker, James
Walker, John
Waste, William
Whitney, Sylvester
Young, Peter

COMPANY K.

Hunter, Abraham A., Capt.

PRIVATES.
Hurlebaus, Gottlieb F.
James, James
Mason, George W.

24th REGIMENT.

COMPANY H.
Diehl, Jacob, Capt.
Draeger, August, 1st Lieut.
Hartman, William, Serg.
Mackey, William, Serg.
Schoder, Henry, Serg.
Weigold, John F., Serg.
Weiss, Caspar, Serg.
Fry, John, Corp.
Graef, Jacob, Corp.
Hartman, Robert, Corp.
Hoffman, Peter, Corp.
Newman, Emanuel, Corp.
Wehues, John, Corp.
Seithard, Lewis, Drummer.

PRIVATES.

Bernhard, Leonard
Borgemeister, Chris.
Borlein, Joseph
Christian, Frederick
Deggengier, Simon
Detombel, Franz
Dodel, William
Doyle, John

C 1*W*» # ^^^,0 if. & f H ^

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646

ROLL OF HONOR

^*tt*^*2&3*J£^J

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Draeger, Frederick
Frank, Florin
Frockleich, William
Geist, Thomas
Goebel, Peter
Graetz, Edward
Grammes, Daniel
Grammes, Philip
Gushing, Charles
Hartman, John
Hilbrauer, Andrew
Hommel, Alexander
Hoyer, Henry C.
Hummel, Jacob
Huss, John
Kayler, Christoph.
Keller, William
Kiuesel, Jacob
Kling, Beuoit
Kramer, Christian
Lehman, Joseph
McNamara, Patrick
Meyer, Adam
Miller, Jacob
Morrow, John
O'Neil, John
Passold, Christopher
Raw, Abraham
Reillinger, Theodore
Roth, George
Schleicher, Anton
Schott, Jacob
Severs, Jacob
Simmel, Leonard
Somnierhalter, John
Stahl, Adam
Stauffer, John
Suter, John
Thode, Frederick
Weber, Christian

Iff
»

COMPANY I.
Williams, Henry, 2d Lieut.

25th REGIMENT.
Meyer, Louis G., Sur.

COMPANY A.

PRIVATE.

Parker, David G.

COMPANY D.

PRIVATE.

Bixler, William

COMPANY F.
Lamkin, Alfred A., 2d Lieut.
2 7th. REGIMENT.

FIELD AND STAFF.
Lynch, Frank, Lieut. Col.
Spaulding, Z. S., Lieut. Col.
Smith, Charles H., Maj.
Jacobs, G. M., Q. M. Serg.
Evans, William D., Mus.
Parmalee, Henry C, Mus.

COMPANY A.

Diebolt, Henry W., 1st Lieut.

COMPANY B.
Webb, Edward A., Capt.

COMPANY F.
Worth, R. Heber, Capt.

PRIVATES.
Tucker, James W.

Tucker, William

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1 fc.^ *4

ROI.lv OF HONOR.

647

COMPANY G.

Gould, Onn B., Capt.
Gibson, Edward, 1st Lieut.
Atwell, William B., Serr.
Brennis, John, Serg.
Griffith, Chester F., Serg.
Small, Georg2, Serg.
Cheek, John R., Corp.
Plummer, Thomas J., Corp.
Radway, Asa, Corp.
Schneider, Michael, Corp.
Lauey, Lucien B., Mus.
Lemons, George, Mus.
Myers, George, Mus.

PRIVATES.

Beman, John II.
Brennis, George
Burnett, Cleauthius
Davis, Milton
Dawson, James B.
Grunnel, Samviel R.
Harple, Philip R.
Hine, James M.
Johnson, Thomas
Ladley, James E.
Lane, Jacob
Loeder, Jacob
McPhersou, Jeremiah T.
Mercer, John W.
Miller, Sebastian
Myers, Elbridge
Neyland, William
Parker, William
Rathburn, George W.
Schuck, John L.
Schuff, John
Scott, John W.
Thomas, James R.

COMPANY II.

Madigan, M. F., 1st Lieut.

29th REGIMENT.

Clark, Thomas, Lieut. Col.
Lord, Caius C, O. M. Serg.

COMPANY B.

Benham, Albert II., Corp.

COMPANY I.

Gore, Charles F., Corp.
Walsh, James A., Corp.

PRIVATES.

Conley,John C.
Welton, Charles

30th REGIMENT.
COMPANY C.

PRIVATE.

Lee, Morgan
31st REGIMENT.

cfl3

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Arter.Jasou R., Sur.
Varney, Royal W., Asst.

COMPANY E.
PRIVATE.
Ahem, John A.

COMPANY G.
PRIVATE.
Higgins, John

Sur.

£>■

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ROLL OF HONOR.

c i.V

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PRIVATES.
Egbert, Alonzo
White, John W.

COMPANY B.

PRIVATE.
Mayer, Herman

COMPANY C.
PRIVATE.
Quaid, George

COMPANY D.

PRIVATES.
Harrington, David
McGue, Michael

COMPANY E.
PRIVATE.
Schaffner, Nathan

33d REGIMENT.

COMPANY C.
Libbey, Ellsworth W., Capt.

36tli REGIMENT.
Dickenson, John, Asst. Sur.

37th REGIMENT.

FIELD AND STAFF.

Siber, Edward, Col.
Ankele, Charles, Maj.
Schenck, Julius C, Sur.
Billhardt, A. W., Asst. Sur.

Frey, Franz, Com. Serg.
Groteurath, Philip, Mus.
Messner, Franz, Mus.
Reinhardt, Franz, Mus.

COMPANY A.

Quedenfeld, Louis F., Capt.
Hambrock, C, 2d Lieut.
Pfahl, Christian, 2d Lieut.
Votteler, H. J., 2d Lieut.
Becker, Louis, Serg.
Haiser, John, Serg.
Hauser, Paul, Serg.
Jaite, Ferdinand, Serg.
Otter, John, Serg.
Rock, William F., Serg.
Samstag, Wilhelm, Serg.
Bellery, Nicholas, Corp.
Blau, Emil, Corp.
Eberhard, Carl, Corp.
Hassmer, John B., Corp.
Kleinschmidt, J. A., Corp.
Obacht, George, Corp.
Saile, Florian, Corp.
Adansky, Asa, Mus.
Lay, Friedrich, Mus.
Sherry, Daniel, Drummer.

PRIVATES.

Adler, Joseph
Baehrhold, Friedrich
Bauer, Ludwig
Bellery, Christian
Berger, Christian
Dreger, Friedrich
Fruch, Joseph
Haupt, Gustav
Haupt, Wilhelm
Jaeger, Adolph
Koener, Jean Pierre

*;«

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ROLL OF HONOR.

649

Kahl, Magnus
Knapp, Charles
Leonhardt, Adam
Loeblin, John
Manns, Franz
Meyer, Karl
PitrofT, John
Rock, Frederick
Schaeffer, John
Schieffterling, Bernhard
Schmidt, Adam
Schmidt, Andrew
Schmidt, Franz
Schneider, Frederick
Serdinsky, Leopold
Stoll, Joseph
lingerer, Frederick
Voelker, Peter
Weber, Christopher
Wendt, Theodore

COMPANY B.

Moritz, Charles, Capt.
Ambrosius, F., 2d Lieut.

PRIVATE.

Krause, George

COMPANY D.
Voges, Theodore, Capt.
Nickenhauer, Wendolin, Corp.

PRIVATES.
Brandt, Philip
Goetz, John
Millimann, Bernhard
Renold, Charles

COMPANY E.

Rehwinkle, Fred. H., Capt.
Von Kissinger, Adolph C, Capt.

Wittrich, Paul, Capt.
Scheldt, Julius, 2d Lieut.

COMPANY F.

Boehm, George, Capt.
Sebastian, Louis, Capt.
Vallendar, Anton, Capt.
Burkhardt, H., 1st Lieut.
Stoppel, Arthur, 1st Lieut.
Dorr, Jacob, Serg.
Junker, Anthony, Serg.
Lohr, William, Serg.
Zipp, Jacob, Corp.
Jausen, George, Jr., Mus.

PRIVATES.

Bauer, Albert
Bergsicker, Henry
Fehlber, Charles
Gampellar, Frederick
Granger, David
Greb, Christian
Hopp, Charles
Lambert, Gustav
Rothman, Henry
Schmidt, Henry
Schmidt, John
Simon, John
Vauholz, Anton
Wicker, Adam
Zipp, Phillip

COMPANY G.
Lambert, Louis E., Capt.

PRIVATES.

Mittman, August
Schmidt, Jacob

...

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650

ROLL OF HONOR.

COMPANY H.

Messner, Charles, Capt.
Ritter, Louis, 1st Lieut.
Spickert, Jacob, Serg.
Zitzelman, Friederich, Serg.
Schullian, Gustav, Corp.

PRIVATES.

Christian, John
Detgen, Henry
Dittman, John
Eckert, August
Fassnacht, John
Flury, Adam
Heck, Philip
Heidter, August
Held, John
Hoffman, John P.
Kaestle, Joseph
Kanel, Christian
Knecht, Jacob
Knecht, William
Kolaetzkowski, Andrew
Lanbrecher, Theobald
Lapp, J. H.
Laubscher, Theobald
Lehman, Paul
Lieber, John
Maryne, Joseph
Melcher, John
Meyer, Philip
Oswald, Conrad
Rother, John
Schlee, Charles
Schutz, John
Schwanz, Basil
Schwertle, Matthias
Sehlke, Henry
Sehlke, John

Seiler, Edward
Spickert, George
Spies, Philip
Spohn, John
Stegkamper, Henry
Tegto, Ernst

COMPANY I.
Frerichs, John H., 1st Lieut.

PRIVATES.

Becker, Justus
Heukle, George
Schelhas, George

COMPANY K.
PRIVATES.

Eichhorn, George
Loeb, Alois
Schneeberger, George

41st REGIMENT.
FIELD AND STAFF.

Holloway, Ephraim S., Col.

Mygatt, George S., Lieut. Col.

Wiseman, John J., Lieut. Col.

Cleveland, Thomas G., Sur.

Hart, Albert G., Sur.

Thompson, George J. A., Adj.

Blvthe, Walter, 1st Lieut, and
Q.M.

Chamberlain, W. S., Q. M.

Lyman, Osman A., Chaplain.

Colvin, Charles, Hosp. Stew.

Ridg way, George F., Wagon Mas-
ter.

REGIMENTAL BAND.

Leland, Jackson M., Leader
Breymaier, George

ft •♦ft

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ROLL OF HONOR.

65I

Carl, William
Dickinson, Albert H.
Dickinson, Charles
Dickinson, James W.
Dormeyer, Henry
Kehres, Jacob
Lovejoy, William S.
Messer, John
Moore, Daniel L.
Seidel, Julius
Stickney, Hamilton

COMPANY A.

Hills, Charles W., 2d Lieut.
Cutler, Julius A., Corp.

PRIVATES.

Bennett, Daniel
Bennett, Joseph M.
Gee, Christopher W.
Hall, Morgan
Hills, Augustus T.
Keesler, Hiram
McDonald, Frank
Richmond, W. J.
Skinner, Archibald
Worts, Richard, Jr.

COMPANY B.

Booth, William E., 1st Lieut.
Bail, Charles P., Corp.

PRIVATES.

Ballard, Luther M.
Bartlett, David R.
Bartlett, George S.
Blakeslee, Charles W.
Chamberliu, Lewis A.
Devoice, Henry
Fisher, Orange

Foster, James M.
Goole, John, Jr.
Gould, Levenigs
Hammond, Leonard P.
Harrington, Hubert
Harrington, Lyman
Harrington, William
Kubler, Christopher
Nease, Shubal
Sanborn, E. M.
Smith, Addison
Smith, Jay C.
Smith, Guy

COMPANY C.

PRIVATES.

Caswell, H. S.
Weiker, William

COMPANY D.

Cole, James H., Capt.
Proctor, Harvey E., Capt.
Hammond, Charles, 1st Lieut.
Dodge, George C, 2d Lieut.
Emerson, Arthur, 1st Serg.
Billings, Henry M., Serg.
Boughtou, Elon G, Serg.
Butler, Thomas, Serg.
Clifford, Edward, Serg.
Fancher, S. C, Serg.
Fisher, Burr, Serg.
Lockwood, Jason, Serg.
Marshall, William H., Serg.
Sawyer, Spencer A., Serg.
Wakefield, John H., Serg.
Ashburn, James W., Corp.
Davis, Emory, Corp.
Deismau, William H., Corp.
Dunkee, William, Corp.
Flick, N. Marks, Corp.

iff

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652

ROLL OF HONOR.

Flick, William H., Corp.
Herriman, Albert, Corp.
Hewitt, Johnson C, Corp.
Jones, Julius, Corp.
Osborn, Orwin, Corp.
Richmond, Virgil, Corp.
Smellie, Emerson W., Corp.
Trowbridge, Daniel, Corp.
Ward, Anson B., Corp.
Roscoe, Abel P., Drummer.

PRIVATES.

Atherton, Allen
Butler, John D.
Button, Verneuel
Carr, Asa P.
Claskey, George H.
Corkell, Edward F.
Cowan, John F.
Cowan, William
Davidson, Jesse
Davidson, Joseph
Dunham, Royal
Fitzpatrick, Thomas B.
Flick, Josiah
Gardner, John
Gibbons, Francis
Glasgow, William
Gregory, Theodore
Harris, Francis
Harris, Martin
Hart, Hugh
Hist, Joseph
Hornig, Alexander
Ives, Erastus P.
Jones, David M.
Kellogg, Benoah
Kelly, Edward W.
Mathews, Orlo C.
Mead, Levi

Mier, John
Minor, Jonathan
Needham, Benjamin F.
Newcomb, James F.
Pease, Enos
Pease, James
Pierce. Thomas
Powers, William
Pressing, Leonard
Rano, Julius
Rattles, William H.
Richardson, Luther
Sampson, Samuel
Simpson, William
Slocum, Oliver
Smellie, William R.
Smith, Henry W.
Smith, William E.
Studer, Thomas
Tennis, John S.
Tompkins, Moses
Trump, Andrew
Underhill, Daniel R.
Venoah, Charles
Wheeler, Zenas
Wick, William
Wood, William P.

COMPANY E.

Stone, Frai— . E., Capt.
Cutler, Truman C, 1st Lieut.
Jones, Harry W., 1st Lieut.
McKay, Fred. A., 2d Lieut.
Virgil, Albert E., 1st Serg.
Wood, Benjamin, 1st Serg.
Cressinger, Jacob R., Serg.
Drum, William H., Serg.
Eckert, Arthur, Serg.
Lynch, William, Serg.
Murray, James, Serg.

»«

»'£
♦ft

ROLL OF HONOR.

Partridge, William R., Serg.
Simons, Henry, Serg.
Colby, Samuel, Corp.
Cullen, John, Corp.
Edwards, William, Corp.
Langell, William, Corp.
Neville, John, Corp.
Powers, Thomas, Corp.
Randall, Charles, Corp.
Williams, Cyrus, Corp.
Scott, Warren K., Mus.
Winchester, S. N., Fifer.

PRIVATES.

Annis, Seaman
Arnott, James
Barber, Caswell
Barber, Jervis
Beard, Alexander
Caldwell, John
Canfield, John
Chalk, Michael
Chapman, Matthew B.
Chesley, Charles
Cochran, David
Conway, Henry
Conway, Thomas
Corbit, Dennis
Corbit, Timothy
Coykindall, Henry S.
Davidson, Robert
Evans, James
Farrell, Patrick
Ferrell, William L.
Fitzpatrick, Edward
Flannigan, Patrick
Fluett, George
Fullweller, Ensign
Gordon, John F.
Griffin, Michael

■4?

Halpin, John
Harvey, Urson
Hayes, John
Herling, Charles
Hiland, William
Hobart, Oliver
Hodge, Frederick
Hogan, Daniel
Howard, Michael
Hubbell, Augustus
Johnson, Edward
Kane, Michael
Kepler, John
Kink, Michael
Lamb, Robert
Lanibier, James
Lobdell, John
Maroney, James
Mattison, Andrew
Miller, Mitchell
Montreal, Anthony
Moses, Joseph
Nally, William
Nay, Thomas
Neville, Richard
O'Reilly, Richard
Oviatt, William
Palmer, John
Partridge, George
Phillips, David
Price, John
Quick, Jesse
Rawlins, John
Ritticker, Henry
Rossiter, R. L.
Ryan, John
Singleterry, Cyrus
Smith, Alva C.
Spon seller, Samuel
Stebbins, Nelson

653

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».«

654

ROLL OF HONOR.

Striker, Cornelius
Strock, Abraru
Such, William
Sullivan, Daniel
Tompkins, James
Treat, Delos
Treat, Lemmon
Van Tassel, George
YVaussen, Cl)de
Winchester, Milo L.

COMPANY F.

Leslie, Daniel S., Capt.
Beardsley, P. A., 1st Lieut.
Chapin, John C, 1st Serg.
Burnham, Job, Serg.
Cooper, Charles, Serg.
Engle, Orestes T., Serg.
Gault, Andrew, Serg.
Kilgore, Iram, Serg.
Kilmer, Orlando P., Serg.
Miller, Alfred, Serg.
Pennell, John, Serg.
Renner, Jacob, Serg.
Ripley, Warren L., Serg.
Smith, Walter, Jr., Serg.
Aylesworth, R. H., Corp.
Braunstetter, Henry A., Corp.
Bushong, Alexander, Corp.
Edney, Charles, Corp.
Flangher, Isaac, Corp.
Gault, Alexander, Corp.
Guthrie, William M., Corp.
Hazel, William T., Corp.
Maser, Frank, Corp.
Neidiug, Augustus, Corp.
Older, Henry, Corp.
Perkins, James W, Corp.
Roof, John, Corp.
Schoemaker, Charles, Corp.

Webb, George A., Corp.

Heriff, Henry, Fifer.

Wilbur, Benjamin F., Drummer.

PRIVATES.

Atkinson, Edgar
Baker, Thomas P.
Billings, Lyman C.
Blanden, John M.
Bouvia, Joseph
Bridge, George
Brucker, Frederick
Clary, James K.
Darby, Benjamin
Davis, James
Duer, Dillon P.
Duer, Thomas
Eckenroad, Daniel
Eckeuroad, John
Edney, Andrew
Faber, Albert
Frederick, Matthias
Frederick, Peter
Gibson, James B.
Goff, Julius L.
Gornia, Frank
Green, Charles
Hageman, Matthias
Hughes, James
Iry, William
Keck, William
Kidwell, Lovy
Kreckle, Anthony
La Fountain, Marshall
Lee, Joseph
Lehman, Alexander
Miller, Adam
Newbury, Charles
Newton, Charles
Parish, Joseph

G .V

*£&&3^*&s&£*"'** *

ROLL OF HONOR.

655

Petee, John
Remley, Joseph R.
Rice, Abraham J.
Ryan, William
Sanderson, Henry
Santeur, Alexander
Sharkey, James
Shirley, Frank B.
Shirley, Jacob
Shisle'r, Eli
Shisler, Samuel
Smith, Charles
Snider, Benjamin N.
Spaulding, Homer
Stauden, John A.
Stewart, Plimpton
Waite, John T.
Weitzell, William
Wordon, Joseph

COMPANY G.

Gault, Robert A., Capt.
Fisher, Lloyd, 1st Lieut.
Heriff, Peter, 1st Lieut.

PRIVATES.
Alexander, William
Calkins, Perrin H.
Gaebeleiu, John
Henderson, William H.
Hill, George
Kickland, Martin
Kickland, Theodore
Miller, Albert W.
Suethen, Benjamin
Snethen, John
Varney, Allison

COMPANY H.

Morgan, William J., Capt.
Whittlesey, Albert, 1st Lieut.

privates.

Butsou, George
Clark, Albert J.
Clark, George C.
Clark, John
Holcomb, William J.
Hudson, Richard
Tooze, James
Tooze, William
Turner, Levi
Worcester, Norton T.

COMPANY I.

McMahon, James, Capt.
Fitzgerald, James, Corp.
Parker, George D., Corp.
Sanger, George E., Corp.
Scott, Shepard, Drummer.

PRIVATES.

Ackley, Josephus
Chapman, James E.
Chapman, William
Clark, John
Duvoo, Louis
Ellsworth, Charles
Goddard, William
Gouch, Frederick
Hadlock, Uriah
Hall, John W.
Holmes, Henry
Kennedy, John
Such, John
Warren, George T.
Wells, Charles
Zealy, Adam

COMPANY K.

Hansard, William, Capt.
Gaylord, Charles D., 1st Lieut.
Coon, Henry, 2d Lieut.

ig
ig

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IT

Orr, John, ist Serg.
Bliss, Albert L., Serg.
Lovelace, L. M., Serg.
O'Brien, James M., Serg.
Dalton, Edward, Corp.
Price, William, Corp.

PRIVATES.

Arnold, Henry
Babcock, William
Battles, Newton
Bradley, Rawson A.
Brown, Lafayette
Donaldson, John
Henry, Darwin
Kelley, John T.
McEacham, William
Miller, Charles
Miller, Milton
Pendleton, John
Rand, Benjamin F.
Reeves, William N.
Regan, Daniel
Rodeck, William P.
Rusher, Jacob
Schock, Conrad
Sexton, Dennis
Stuart, John
Synod, Marcus
Thayer, Asahel
Thompson, John
Wagner, Henry
Wagner, Nicholas
White, Matthew

-42c! REGIMENT.

COMPANY

PRIVATE.

Rudolph, Joseph

COMPANY C.

PRIVATE.

Wiesemann, Joseph

COMPANY E.
Flynu, John F., ist Lieut.
Loomis, Leonard G., Serg.
Austin, Bertrand C, Corp.
Jacques, William H., Corp.
O'Brien, Charles, Corp.
Phinney, Benjamin F., Corp.

PRIVATES.

Austin, R. W.
Bates, Harrison H.
Cousins, Melvin B.
Drummock, Christopher
Foote, Asahel P.
Griffin, John
Kelley, Charles W.
Kilby, Martin
Lilley, Martin
Phinney, San ford
Sage, William
Taylor, David H.
Taylor, Stephen M.
Thompson, Benj. F.
Tuttle, Angelo
Tuttle, Marius
Websdale, William H.
Wilford, Joseph

COMPANY G.
Campbell, Edward B., Capt.
Jewett, Charles P., Capt.
Henry, James G., ist Lieut.
Pierce, Calvin, ist Lieut.
Stone, Andrew J., 2d Lieut.
Marble, Calvin A., ist Serg.
Wiggins, Noble B., ist Serg.

A -

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^ 1* S * $J s,

Goodwin, Wheaton, Serg.
Hofste, John W., Serg.
Hull, John, Serg.
Mulvehill, Daniel, Serg.
Wilder, Dewilton J., Serg.
Bailey, John R., Corp.
Brown, John, Corp.
Caine, Edward, Corp.
Collins, Henry, Corp.
Cox, Junior R., Corp.
Dean, Norman F., Corp.
Dix, Adelbert A., Corp.
Farr, George D., Corp.
Gardner, William, Corp.
Harris, Egbert E., Corp.
Morgan, Henry C, Corp.
Quiggin, John J., Corp.
Striker, Alfred D., Corp.
Williams, E. A., Corp.
Parry, John, Mus.
Mapes, Thomas, Wagoner.

PRIVATES.

Anderson, Charles S.
Bray ton, John
Carlin, Peter F.
Clark, David B.
Corcoran, Charles
Corlett, Robert C.
Corlett, Thomas E.
Cox, Lorenzo D.
Deharthy, James
Farr, Willard M.
Faulkner, Alfred
Garfield, Amasa S.
Gazelly, James
Haycox, George
Hays, John M.
Hays, Patrick
Huntoon, Rufus C.

ROLL OF HONOR.

4> <LfS

James, Jacob
Kelley, George M.
McGregor, James
McGregor, John
McGuire, James
McMahon, John
Moore, Nicholas
Murphy, Patrick
O'Brien, Michael
Phelps, George M.
Porter, Bela W.
Rathburn, Warren
Ruggles, Seymour
Shattuck, Harold
Shepard, Wilson
Shevlin, Michael
Simloe, William
Striker, George G.
Switz, Frederick J.
Warren, John G.
Williams, Frank
Williams, William P.
Williamson, James

COMPANY H.

Bowman, John H., Serg.
Stanley, Alviu J., Corp.

PRIVATES.

Fast, Luther M.
Warren, John
Youngblood, Philip

COMPANY K.

Hubbell, A. B., 2d Lieut.

PRIVATE.
Osgood, Joseph S.

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ROLL OF HONOR.

43d REGIMENT.

COMPANY A.
PRIVATE.
Hefferan, Patrick

COMPANY C.

PRIVATES.
Akins, Alexander P.
Arnott, Hugh
Burk, William
Campbell, Charles
Dill, George
Lawrence, Albert A.
Mahoney, John
Pankhurst, Thomas
Piper, Sanford S.
Russ, Giles H.
Schnabel, John
Scott, Thomas
Werner, Charles W.
Wheelan, John

COMPANY F.

PRIVATE.
Manzelman, John

COMPANY G.

PRIVATE.
Moran, John

45th. REGIMENT.
Sheldon, J. J., Asst. Sur.

46th REGIMENT.

COMPANY F.
Carran, John J., Capt.

51st REGIMENT.
COMPANY B.

PRIVATE.
Pope, Harlan T.

52d REGIMENT.
Morse, Joel, Sur.

COMPANY I.

Pool, Ira H., Capt.
Schneider, Peter C, Capt.
Lotz, Henry, 1st Serg.
Freeman, William, Serg.
Lanaghan, John, Serg.
Cogswell, George W., Corp.
Zopher, Randall, Drummer.

PRIVATES.
Buckire, William
Fish, Deming B.
Garrison, Joseph M.
Lockard, William
Lotz, Augustus
McKutchen, James
Moneysmith, James
Myers, William
Olds, Thomas
Risser, Peter
Seivert, Frederick
Simmonds, George
Thompson, Howard F.
Uhlsenheimer, John M.
Waddups, Thomas
Weisgerber, Justus
Whittern, Charles

54th REGIMENT.
Cutter, John F., Adj.

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ROLL OF HONOR.

659

COMPANY A.
Bandon, Seaman M., 2d Lieut.

COMPANY D.

Stillman, Charles, 2d Lieut.

COMPANY E.

Richardson, Henry, Capt.
Browning, George W., 1st Lieut.
Potter, Silas W., 1st Lieut.
McGrath, Lyman, Serg.
Pearsons, Oscar, Serg.
Seeley, Isaac B., Serg.
Moncrief, Hugh, Corp.
Monroe, Felix, Corp.
Stevens, William, Corp.
Travis, Isaac, Mus.

PRIVATES.

Alexander, William
Allen, Richard
Ambrose, Charles
Bennett, Charles
Bennett, Samuel
Berchimer, Jacob
Brewer, Andrew J.
Clark, Diodate
Dalley, Charles
Devine, John
French, E. S.
Gahan, Thomas
Gale, George F.
Guinter, Isaac
Hart, Patrick
Hoag, George W.
Hudson, James
Jago, Alfred L.
Kenney, John
Kinkaid, James

Knapp, Horace
Lamphear, Hoxie E.
Lytle, James
Maloy, William
Maples, John
Mead, John
Mitchell, Reuben
Nelson, Hugh
Nelson, John
Nicola, Frederick
Olmstead, Charles
Parmenter, Albert
Richardson, Joseph B.
Rixinger, Joseph
Rixiuger, Lawrence
Ryan, Roger
Sandy, John
Skeene, John
Smith, Jackson
Tiernan, John
Vaughn, William H.
Wass, Wallace
Winslow, Jonathan

55th. REGIMENT.

COMPANY A.
Stegman, William, 1st Serg.

COMPANY E.

James, John A.

58th. REGIIvIEISrT.
COMPANY A.

PRIVATES.
Eggiman, Jacob
Schwandt, William

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ROLL OF HONOR.

COMPANY B.
Spaeth, John, Serg.

PRIVATES.

Abele, Thomas
Hammerle, John G.
Kens, George
Matthews, August
Schmidt, John
Schneider, John
Schwinghamer, David
Schwinghamer, Fred.

COMPANY C.

Butler, George, Corp.
Weber, Jacob, Corp.
McMahon, Charles E.,

PRIVATES.

Beck, Israel
Berrick, Thomas
Cummings, Patrick
Deharsh, George P.
Haines, Julius
Haislet, George
Heffron, Walter
Keaver, John
Klein, Jacob
Lawless, Matthew
Lutz, Charles
Schinkel, Charles
Wolfkammer, John
Wurster, John

COMPANY D.
Elmer, Jacob, Mus.

PRIVATES.
Bauer, John C.
Cornell, Henry

Kohner, George J.
Palmer, Thomas
Peck, Edward
Sheehan, William
Walter, Andrew

COMPANY E.

Stoppel, Charles, 1st Lieut.
Specht, Robert, 2d Lieut.
Manzelman, Adolph, Serg.
Stockinger, Henry, Serg.
Wurtinghauser, H., Mus.

PRIVATES.

Baade, Philip
Bolin, Charles A.
Chandler, Frederick
Mus. Dill, Thomas

Faad, Joseph
Fathschild, John
Fradrith, Conrad
Hart, Hugh
Holtz, William
Hugo, Michael
Lewis, Benjamin
Mullen, Edward
Meyer, Gottlieb
O'Morrow, Michael
Rentz, Frederich
Ruth, John
Schadler, Emanuel
Spatholz, John
Symes, Alfred

COMPANY F.
PRIVATES.

Bachmann, Solomon
Burk, John
Shepard, William H.
Simmons, John W.
Thomas, James

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J»Pj

ROLL OF HONOR.

66l

COMPANY G.

PRIVATES.

Bauerly, Julius
Bruehler, Frederick
Eiseuhart, George
Jung, Casper
Kramer, Frederick
Lee, John
Lehman, Peter
Leidich, Philip
Lorch, Philip
Prell, John
Rakowsky, John
Von Langenderff, Emil
Wagner, August
Wesche, Charles

60tLi REGIMENT.
FIELD AND STAFF.

Stearns, William L., Maj.
Stevens, Henry R., Maj.
Lechleiter, D., Com. Serg.
Schoonmaker, J. D., Hosp. Stew.

COMPANY A.
PRIVATES.

Jamison, John
McGloan, James

COMPANY D.

Cress, Edwin, 2d Lieut.

PRIVATES.

Finch, Dosson
Gray, Christopher C.
Hutchins, John

COxMPANY E.

Quintrell, A. G., Capt.
Bullard, Lorenzo D., 1st Lieut.
Paine, Franklin, Jr., 1st Lieut.
Taylor, Benjamin F., 1st Serg.
Ruckle, Philip, Serg.
Smith, Charles T., Serg.
Wilson, James A., Serg.
Beardsley, Frank R., Corp.
Farrar, Henry B., Corp.
Gillmore, Robert, Corp.
Perkis, Arthur J., Corp.
Pritchard, George B., Corp.
Rex, Thomas H., Corp.
Wilson, Joseph, Corp.
Potter, Gordon H., Mus.

PRIVATES.

Bacon, Timothy
Beatty, William J.
Brouse, Harvey
Brouse, Henry O.
Brouse, James W.
Carpenter, Isaac K.
Carpenter, William J.
Fay, Martin V.
Gillmore, William G.
Jarvis, George W.
Johnston, James
Marks, Samuel
McCabe, Peter
McElhaney, Robert G.
Morrow, James S.
Moss, Ephraim W.
Peffers, Henry R.
Priest, Francis A.
Rogers, William S.
Root, William W.
Shaw, John R.

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Steveus, Edward C.
Stevens, Nelson R.
Treat, Horace C.
White, Charles A.
White, Edward N.

COMPANY G.

Meacham, Norman D., Capt.
Haynes, Orlando W., ist Lieut.
Brainard, Frank E., ist. Serg.
Wallace, Ira W., ist Serg.
Willey, Lewis R., ist Serg.
Kershner, Andrew R., Serg.
Kershner, George W., Serg.
Kirkpatrick, H. M., Serg.
Thompson, Lewis S., Serg.
Ames, John, Corp.
Cooper, Henry, Corp.
Disbro, Edward G., Corp.
Harrington, S- W., Corp.
Lee, Solomon H., Corp.
McReyuolds, J. K., Corp.
Reubliu, Edgar M., Corp.
Sarns, William, Corp.
Weylie, Porter M., Corp.
Wilder, William W., Corp.
Aumand, Thomas R., Wagoner.

PRIVATES.

Albers, John
Ames, William
Curtiss, John H.
Curtiss, William C.
Davis, John
Detchon, Wilbur F.
Estminger, James R.
Foster, John
Fry, Ely
Gasner, Henry
Gray, Edward

Hamilton, Lyman R.
Herold, Alfred
Hildreth, Wilbur F.
Hoffman, Benjamin F.
Jackson, William E.
Judkins, William H.
Lacy, Elmer G.
Lacy, William H.
Lewis, Walter
Lord, Ferdinand
Miller, Thos. D.
Peabody, Avery
Powers, James H.
Purine, Benjamin F.
Schopp, John
Sippey, Hiram
Sutton, Charles E.
Vanness, Phineas J.
Wagner, John
Wagner, Henry
Warner, Philip
Walberry, George H.
Wright, Sydney E.
Yarham, Walter

COMPANY H.

Miller, John H., ist Serg.
Bennett, Elmer J., Serg.
Giberson, Charles D., Serg.
Hardy, Henry W., Serg.
Jewell, Orrin, Serg.
Bond, Richard, Corp.
Bryan, John, Corp.
Dunton, William H., Corp.
Green, Charles J., Corp.
McAlvey, John B., Corp.
Pepoon, Lawrence T., Corp.
Roy, Joseph, Corp.
Shipmau, Nathan A., Corp.
Storrs, Horatio, Corp.

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ROLL OF HONOR.

663

Taft, Amasa G., Corp.
Taylor, Andrew J., Corp.

PRIVATES.

Babcock, William H.
Baxter, Rinaldo
Belden, Warren D.
Bennett, Harrison
Bishop, Albert M.
Canfield, William
Carpenter, Thos. W.
Cheflin, Frederick
Clagne, John A.
Cowles, George R.
Doty, George W.
Durgin, John S.
Eells, Henry M.
Ellwell, Isaac
Green, John W.
Gregory, James
Grover, Aden
Hardy, Emory G.
Hardy, George M.
Hardy, James H.
Jewett, Homer C.
Langdou, Charles, Jr.
Leggett, Levi
Lewis, William
Manly, Delos E.
Martin, Peter
Moore, George
Norton, Arunah
Phelps, George W.
Pooler, Reuben
Reiner, John
Rhode, Charles
Roche, Patrick
Scheffer, George
Scott, Charles D.
Stanhope, Charles W.

B. S.

Swartout, John R.
Thompson, Robert F.
Truax, William L.
Tucker, Daniel
Van Nostrand, Eze
Waterman, Henry
Waterman, William G.
Webster, George H.
Whipple, Daniel L.
Wicks, Alexander
Wood, Ephraim

COMPANY I.

Farrand, W. H., 2d Lieut.
Alstadt, George K., Serg.

PRIVATES.

Allen, Milton D.
Brooks, Samuel H.
Buckheier, William
Glick, Muuroe
Harrington, Patrick
Hickok, Frank
Hine, Peter C.

61st REGIMENT.

COMPANY D.

Bothwell, John D., Capt.
Newcomb, Edward H., Capt.
Armstrong, James, 1st Lieut.
Foster, Charles W., Serg.
Jenkins, Henry H., Serg.
Morrison, George, Serg.
Pell, George M., Serg.
Savoy, John, Serg.
Williams, George H., Serg.
Haller, Jacob, Corp.
McGuire, Patrick, Corp.
Mclntyre, John, Corp.

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ROLL OF HONOR.

IE.

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Ranney, Ed. G., Corp.
Williams, A. H., Corp.
Sprague, Edniond C, Mus.

PRIVATES.
Armstrong, Charles C.
Barrett, George
Bradford, Philip W.
Hallas, Squire
Holley, William H.
Lambecker, George
Mains, George W.
McCue, Edward
McCullough, Neal
MeGouldrick, Bernard
Murphy, Patrick
Nugent, George W.
Raimey, Comfort
Reich, Conrad
Ritter, William
Schuerer, Jacob
Thompson, Alfred G.
Tryon, Lucas
Tryon, Smith
Vogt, George
White, Albert
White, John
White, Ransom
Wright, Robert
Wucherer, Charles

COMPANY G.
PRIVATES.
Costello, Thomas
Higgius, John
Nolan, Cornelius
Nolan, Michael

COMPANY H.
PRIVATE.
Jassaud, August Wm.

62d REGIMENT.
Barlow, Augustus C , Surgeon.

65th REGIMENT.

FIELD AND STAFF.

Hinman, Wilbur F., Lieut. Col.
Whitbeck, Horatio N., Lieut. Col.
Gill, John C, Asst. Surgeon
Massey, William H., Adj.
Powell, Thomas, Chaplain
Porter, Melville C, Serg. Maj.
Mills, James P., Q. M. Serg.

COMPANY C.

PRIVATES.
Dickerson, M. W.
Files, Charles C.
Gilger, George

COMPANY E.

Huckins, George N., 2d Lieut.
Clague, Thomas, 1st Serg.
Cooper, John, 1st Serg.
Atherton, Ansel, Serg.
Lemon, John H., Serg.
Nickersou, Charles H.,.Serg.
Tompkins, Thomas, Serg.
Clark, William, Corp.
Clement, George, Corp.
Doggett, Henry S., Corp.
Gassner, Peter, Corp.
Hance, Herman, Corp.
Hawhurst, W. F., Corp.
Hepburn, George, Corp.
Hulet, Wilbur F., Corp.
Kuss, John F., Corp.
Perry, Daniel H., Corp.
Schneider, Louis, Corp.
Simmons, Oliver, Corp.

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Thompson, George C, Corp.
Tierney, Michael, Corp.

PRIVATES.

Aldrich, Thomas C.
Ault, Thomas C.
Baumbah, John N.
Cady, Winfield S.
Canniff, Jeremiah
CannifF, Jame*s
Claflin, Alverton
Crocker, Edwin
Day, George
Dibert, Jacob
Drake, Truman
Edson, Royal
Fitzgerald, James
Hudson, Robert S.
Johnson, William
Keeler, Jacob
Kelley, Thomas
Killimer, Conrad
Knowles, Martin V. B.
Lee, George
Leffingwell, Julius

Leinaker, William

Leinaker, William H.

Lewis, Charles

Mansell, John T.

Mooney, William H.

Myer, Lawrence

Need, George W.

Pogue, James O.

Pope, Stanley G.

Pumphrey, William

Schaub, David D.

Shreat, Frederick

Smart, Romanzo

Stanley, Edward S.

Stevens, George W.

ROLL OF HONOR.

Vaughn, Hiram A.
Walrath, Wallace
Whitney, George A.
Williams, William
Wolfe, Daniel
Yarham, William J.

COMPANY F.
Powell, Edward G., ist Lieut.

COMPANY G.
Willsey, Joseph H., Capt.

COMPANY I.
Eaton, Lucieu B., Capt.
Bader, Philip H., ist Serg.
Bundy, Mark, Serg.
Cashen, Peter, Corp.
Emch, Nicholas, Corp.
Kelley, William, Corp.
Knapp, Abel, Drummer.

PRIVATES.

Allerton, Jacob
Cameron, Samuel
Clark, Peter
Daggett, George
Desmond, John
Eaton, Fred.
Hart, Franklin
Myers, Cyrus
O'Halligan, James
O'Harra, Patrick
O'Neil, Michael
Renschkoll, Charles
Ryder, Henry C.
Smith, Peter
Smith, Thomas
Stevens, Hiram
Strickland, L. P.
Valery, Henry

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ROLL OF HONOR.

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666

Wade, Robert
Waller, Christopher
Wisson, Jacob

67tln REGIMENT.
FIELD AND STAFF.

Heaton, Grove L., Capt. and Q. M.
Hathaway, Rodney J., Adj.
Sorge, William, Serg. Maj.
Allen, Edward S., Drum Major.

COMPANY B.

PRIVATES.
Sumner, Ebenezer
Sumner, William

COMPANY C.

Childs, Geo. L., Capt. and Bvt

Lieut. Col.
Bruce, James E., 2d Lieut.
Miller, Quincy, Serg.
Hillman, Edward, Corp.
Hornsey, Charles, Corp.
Miller, Samuel, Corp.
Quigley, William, Corp.
Russell, Albert, Corp.
Cornwell, Saunders, Mus.
Whitehead, Charles, Mus.

PRIVATES.

Bennett, Abraham
Ellis, Charles
Fox, John
Galvin, Peter
Gray, Rinaldo A.
Hiller, Jacob
Jenks, Charles A.
Krieger, Andrew

Krieger, Peter
Lovegrove, Joshua
Rounds, Hiram L.
Russell, Sanford
Sherman, Andrew
Tear, Robert
Turner, Caleb
Watson, James
Watson, William
Williams, James
Young, George W.

COMPANY D.

Baldwin, Almou R., Serg.
Hawkins, Edward, Serg.
Herriman, George E., Serg.
Stockel, Frank L., Serg.
Goodman, Charles, Corp.
Meade, William, Corp.
Whitney, Frank, Corp.

PRIVATES.

Abrams, Seth
Bogardus, Jacob
Corkins, Patrick
Gilbert, Jacob
Hancock, L. T.
Henui, John W.
Hood, John
Hornsby, John
Jay, John
Johnson, Henry
Maher, William
O'Brien, Michael
Rodgers, Thomas
Ryan, Joseph
Spencer, John
Stafford, Oliver
Wright, William

•few

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ROLL OF HONOR.

COMPANY E.
Fitch, William, Corp.

PRIVATES.
Canfield, Frederick A.
Canfield, Hezekiah
Cattauach, William
Dick, Alexander
Silcox, Josiah

COMPANY F.
Emerson, George, Capt.

COMPANY G.

Girty, Alfred P., Capt.
Heckman, Valentine, Capt.
Nicholas, Oscar E., ist Lieut.
Matson, Sylvester W., ist Serg.
Stoddard, Ira, ist Serg.
Emmons, Milan, Serg.
Gordon, Alexander, Serg.
McCormick, J. L., Serg.
Roriakkers, Joseph, Serg.
Stroud, Taylor E., Serg.
Wheeler, Zenophou, Serg.
Adams, Orland B., Corp.
Barker, Isaac H., Corp.
Boyd, David, Corp.
Dike, Latimer N., Corp.
Emerson, Orlando, Corp.
Freeman, William H., Corp.
Henry, Hiram, Corp.
Killmer, Michael, Corp.
Morgan, George E., Corp.
Nicholas, Charles, Corp.
Ody, William, Corp.
Oldham, Albert, Corp.
Parkinson, W. J., Corp.
Uhler, Herman, Corp.
Wagner, Christian, Corp.

White, Ford W., Corp.
Wittlinger, John J., Corp.
Thorp, Lucian R., Mus.

PRIVATES.

Ackerson, George W.
Auhalt, Frederick
Barber, John
Beugle, Jacob
Bredt, Frederick
Brooks, George W.
Brower, John
Burd, Samuel
Burk, Joseph
Burns, Andrew
Catchpole, James
Clifford, Joseph
Colbrun, Bruno
Cox, Joseph
Curtiss, Harry
Demaline, William
Dewey, Daniel
Donahue, William
Dresser, Charles A.
Durham, John E.
Elton, David
Euga, Frederick
Fieltmeth, Frederick
Fowler, Meade
Fowles, Philip
Francis, Thomas
Frantz, Henry
Fuller, Charles
Gais, John
Gates, Albert M.
Gibbard, Charles
Green, William T.
Griffin, John
Grub, John
Hallet, Jacob

J. *

ACT

668

Haucock, Charles
Hathaway, Elmer
Heward, George
Hoeft, John
Hodgmau, Amos
HoflFman, Henry
Holliday, David
Jacob, Francis
Johnson, William T.
Joice, Michael
Kalb, Joshua
Kamerer, Paul
Keille, William
Kidney, Truman
Kimball, William
Knowles, George
Lavan, Lawrence
Libbey, Edwin S.
Loch, John
Lucas, W.
Lyon, Louis C.
Madden, Michael
McDonald, Ed. J.
McGue, Peter
Meacham, Levi E.
Miller, John
Moon, Dallas
Mormon, Peter
Mott, Edward
Muchler, Alexander
Newcomb, Fred.
O'Brien, James
Olga, Constantine
Parselis, William E.
Perry, Sidney
Philips, Henry A.
Pike, George
Plaister, Samuel
Pritchard, Solomon
Quirk, Thomas

ROLL OF HONOR.

Rabald, John
Reed, Samuel
Reisland, August
Richman, Samuel
Ring, Jonathan
Roath, Jacob
Robinson, Milford A.
San ford, Edward
Scully, John
Shafe, Mark
Simard, Joseph
Snell, John
Sprague, Delos
Stattlemeier, Lewis
Studer, Joseph
Sumner, Edward
Sumner, Enos
Taylor, James
Taylor, Lafayette
Twitchell, David
Valentine, John
Van, Joel
Varney, Sidney J.
Voltz, Philip
Wagner, Christian
Wait, James
Watkins, John
Wheeler, Alden
White, Edward I.
Winfield, George
Winters, Augiistin
Wirsh, Henry

COMPANY H.
Spafford, John B., Capt.
Stevens, Charles L., Capt.
Minor, Charles E., ist Lieut

PRIVATES.
Evarts, John
Lewis, Charles

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ROLL OF HONOR.

669

COMPANY I.

Straus, John R.

COMPANY K.
Brock, Sidney G., Capt.
PRIVATES.

Baker, John
Brokan, John R.
Garner, James B.
Horn, Joseph
Kelley, William H.
Pangborn, Almeron

70tPi REGIMENT.
COMPANY F.

PRIVATE.
Hanson, James

72d REGIMENT.

COMPANY B.

PRIVATE.

Lauterer, Charles O.

COMPANY K.

PRIVATE.
Naegele, Christian

77th. REGIMENT.

COMPANY K.
PRIVATES.
Calvert, John J.
Delaney, Charles W.

84th REGIMENT.

FIELD AND STAFF.

Wiseman, John J., Lieut. Col.
Hinman, Frank H., Adj.
Taylor, Daniel R., Q. M. Serg.
Munsell, Royal H., Com. Serg.

COMPANY D.

Ely, Eli, 1st Lieut.
Armstrong, George W., Serg.
Fields, Reuben A., Serg.
Morgan, William, Serg.
Whitehead, David S-, Serg.
Briggs, Pierson D., Corp.
Carpenter, Albert G., Corp.
Hancock, Oscar W., Corp.
Lohrer, Jacob J., Corp.
Murray, William E., Corp.
Severance, Isaac W., Corp.
Warner, Edward S., Corp.
Waters, Austin H., Corp.
Covert, James, Mus.
Diefenbach, Wm. A., Mus.

PRIVATES.

Baker, Frank
Banton, John
Barrett, Olcott
Beeman, Edwin E.
Bemis, James
Bissell, Henry A.
Bolton, Charles A.
Braden, Angus R.
Bradley, Quincy
Brown, Charles E.
Brunner, John F.
Carroll, Michael
Chaffee, William H.
Chamberlain, Robert L.

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* *

ROLL OF HONOR.

Chamberlain, Win. H.
Chapman, Benj. F.
Coates, Walter
Crowell, John, Jr.
Dangerfield, Edward
Dugan, John
Evans, John R.
Farrand, Addison J.
Fordyce, Hamilton
Gettings, James
Gill, Charles H.
Glenville, Henry
Goodwin, Asa A.
Gordon, Charles A.
Gould, Robert
Gross, Lewis
Guy, Thomas
Hamilton, Edwin T.
Hard, Frederick T.
Harris, Paul B.
Hartness, James A.
Hawthorne, Halsey J.
Hawthorne, Henry H.
Herrick, Earl
Holden, George S.
Holly, Henry H.
Hudson, Edward
Hunt, Seymour G.
Ketchum, David C.
Kinsman, Fred., Jr.
Kunz, Peter
Lane, Chauncey B.
Leitz, Theodore J.
Lemmon, Thomas
Leonard, Austin B.
Loomis, John W.
Lowrie, David L.
McBride, William E.
McReynolds, Chas. W.
Mead, John T.

Morris, Josiah
Murray, Robert E.
O Neil, John W.
Parker, Lloyd G.
Pinkney, Charles
Pinkuey, John T.
Quayle, George L.
Quiggin, Charles
Reese, Florence S.
Richardson, Omar S.
Rose, John H.
Sewer, Edward
Smith, Edward C.
Starkweather, Samuel, Jr.
Stein, Lewis
Sterritt, Theodore
Stetson, Wyliss S.
Stokes, Frederick
Tice, George R.
Tinker, Edward C.
Wade, John B.
White, Charles
Wilson, James A.
Woodruff, Amon B.
Zuber, Joseph

COMPANY E.

Taylor, Virgil C, 1st Lieut.
Nash, Henry T., 2d Lieut.
Allen, Samuel L., 1st Serg.
Baldwin, Theron C, Serg.
Bishop, Judson M., Serg.
Chamberlain, F. S., Serg.
Ford, Frank J., Serg.
Andrews, Theodore A., Corp.
Norton, Elijah H., Corp.
Smith, Benjamin W., Corp.
Waring, S. H., Corp.
Wilkinson, George, Corp.
Camp, Charles D., Mus.

■£^m^^->^

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9 <5 <&.

ROLL OF HONOR.

6/1 «

PRIVATES.

Adams, James J.
Althen, Daniel J.
Barnes, William M.
Barnes, William O.
Beeson, Hannibal A.
Bingham, Charles E.
Bonham, Eugene W.
Carner, Orlando M.
Castle, William W.
Chevrington, Thomas
Clint, David K.
Cobb, Alexander H.
Colahan, William
Collins, Charles D.
Cook, Charles W.
Cozzens, Myron E.
Crooks, Thomas J.
Deatry, Peter
Diehl, Charles W.
Evans, Charles
Fleming, Nathan C.
Foljambe, Theodore
Ford, Ellory C.
Garretson, George A.
Getz, Lewis B.
Grimley, Patrick W.
Harrison, Samuel H.
Harvey, Henry A.
Heard, George M. D.
Heurickle, Dauiel
Herrick, William E.
Hogan, Michael
Holmes, William
Iloyt, Henry J.
Hunt, Lyman D.
Juch, Austin
Kimball, William W.
King, Henry C-
Knowlton, William A.

Koch, Jacob
Kyser, Edwin J.
Locke, Edwin J.
Lowman, M. J.
Mather, William D.
McCullough, Harvey
Mears, Albert
Morse, Charles D.
Odell, Theodore
Oviatt, Lewis D.
Page, Edward S.
Parrott, Henry
Phillips, Henry
Piatt, Cyrus D.
Potter, George W.
Powell, Thomas E.
Powers, Henry V.
Reardon, Timothy H.
Roberts, Daniel
Ryan, James C.
Sexton, Henry M.
Smith, Frank W.
Smith, Lyman J.
Spangler, George
Strawn, Charles
Strickland, Horace W.
Tibbitts, Henry B.
Tupper, Gustavus K.
Vaughn, Carey A.
Vorce, Charles M.
Wade, Oscar
Warner, Theodore M.
Webber, Alfred T.
Welch, Henry A.
Wells, Walter F.
Wickham, Delos O.
Wilbur, Charles E.
Willis, John A.
Woodward, Henry D.
Wyman, William H.
Young, Edward E.

8t&

$*£fcj

**.* JV**^

672

a <S

ROLL OF HONOR.

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8Hth REGIMENT.

COMPANY B.

Gardner, Theodore Y., Corp.
Gaylord, William H., Corp.
Williams, Edward P., Corp.

PRIVATES.

Blakeslee, Newton T.
Brooks, M. Luther
Cutter, Charles L.
Leonard, Lyman B.

86th REGIMENT.
COMPANY C.

PRIVATES.

Boyleton, Samuel H.
Green, David

COMPANY F.

PRIVATE.

Morrell, Henry W.

COMPANY G.

PRIVATES.

Bruce, Almon G.
Colwell, Larmon
Crowe, Charles E.
Ewing, Edwin

COMPANY I.
PRIVATES.

Dunscomb, Jeremiah S.
Goodsell, Charles
Jackson, Estel
Linsey, George
White, John

COMPANY K.
Hubbell, William N., Corp.
PRIVATES.

Coleman, John E.
Field, John A.
Gleason, Soliman H.
Kellogg, Edward M.
Schade, Conrad
Strong, Lorenzo
Williams, Ira D.

87th REGIMENT.

COMPANY G.

Keary, Christopher, 1st Lieut.
Keary, Peter, Serg.

PRIVATES.

Barringer, Richard
Currau, William M.
Deiter, Thomas
Fitch, Thomas
Frame, Charles
Frame, Edward D.
Garvey, Robert
Godfrey, John A.
Howlett, Henry J.
Kenaly, Thomas
Mayhew, John W.
McCartney, Andrew
McLaughlin, Patrick
Miller, John
Moley, Joseph
Preston, Frederick M.
Roth, Christopher
Siegel, Tony
Warr, John W.
Winner, Andrew

J
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ROLL OF HONOR.

88th. REGIMENT.

COMPANY F.

PRIVATES.

Crane, Wolcott F.
McGregor, Andrew
Storrs, Willis A.

COMPANY G.

Irwin, John H., Serg.

PRIVATES.
Jaj-cox, Charles A.
Johnson, George W.

COMPANY H.
PRIVATE.

Welton, George \V.

98th REGIMENT.

COMPANY K.
Snow, Edwin C, Corp.

103d REGIMENT.

FIELD AND STAFF.
Hayes, Philip C, Col.
Pickands, H. S., Lieut. Col.
Sterling, James T., Lieut. Col.
Butler, George 0., Asst. Sur.
Judd, Gilbert S., Adj.
White, John S., Adj.
Hubbard, George A., Chap.
Card, Joseph P., Serg. Maj.
Fleury, Robert L., Serg. Maj.
Brown, Barney, Com. Ser.
Dewey, Edward J., Hosp. St'd.

COMPANY A.

Stoekwell, Norris P., Capt.
Vail, Isaac C, Capt.
Allen, James, ist Lieut.
McWilliams, J. M., 2d Lieut.
Markell, James D., ist Serg.
Bradley, Elias L., Serg.
Henderson, Ira, Serg.
Langell, Daniel, Serg.
Roberts, Charles O., Serg.
Ross, William, Serg.
Abraham, John B., Corp.
Brewster, Ezra, Corp.
Burrell, Wilson H., Corp.
Cole, Charles, Corp.
Collins, Michael, Corp.
Drake, Solomon S., Corp.
Goudy, Hugh F., Corp.
McKean, John, Corp.
Mote, James, Corp.
Perry, Joseph, Corp.
Rush, James, Corp.
Stowell, William, Corp.
Stubbs, John, Corp.
Watkius, James, Corp.

PRIVATES.
Adair, Alfred
Arhilgea, George
Bear, William
Benedict, William C.
Boyd, David
Bramley, Francis
Brennan, John
Burrell, Wilson H.
Caldwell, Charles M.
Canfield, James
Cannell, Thomas N.
Carson, Joseph
Conlan, Peter

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6/4

Crane, John F.
Crawford, Robert
Derr, John W.
Doyle, Robert
Dyckes, Henry
Eddy, Otis
Eldridge, William
Estey, Albert
Furniss, Adam
Gee, Martin C.
Goudy, Hugh F.
Goudy, John
Goudy, Matthew
Gould, Franklin
Hannum, Lucas C.
Harrigan, Charles
Hartzell, Oliver
Hoffman, John
Howard, Edward
Jerome, Horace
Johnson, Charles S.
Kirschner, William
Lawrence, Albert G.
Leese, Alexander
Losey, Harris P.
Lush, Henry
Martin, Elisha
McAuley, Daniel
McKenzie, John D.
McMannis, William
Milks, George
Muchler, William
O'Brien, Daniel
Parks, Sherwood
Reinhart, Jerry F.
Rodgers, Amandus P.
Root, Jesse H.
Seaborn, Daniel
Seiberling, Charles
Seiberling, Lloyd

ROLL OF HONOR.

Shephard, George W.
Silver, WTilliam H.
Snyder, Joseph
Stubbs, John
Thompson, Benjamin F.
Viers, Basil E.
Viers, Dorsey W.
Walton, Jesse G.
Ward, Hiram B.
Watkins, Asa B.
Weaver, Caleb
Weigel, Josiah
Williams, Thomas H.
Workmeister, Rudolph

COMPANY B.

Hutchinson, William W., Capt.
Smith, Franklin B., Capt.
Spencer, Albert H., Capt.
Stilson, Sherwood H., Capt. and

A. A. G.
Burt, Hermes, ist Lieut.
Holt, Corwin M., ist Lieut.
Merrill, Joseph C, ist Serg.
Sheldon, George J., ist Serg.
Cobb, Dwight M., Serg.
Cody, Aldus, Serg.
Gosline, William A., Serg.
Lynch, Dennis, Serg.
Piper, Edgar WT., Serg.
Priudle, Lewis, Serg.
Stewart, James W., Serg.
Brown, Charles, Corp.
Burt, Charles, Corp.
Chapman, Charles F., Corp.
Edmonds, James A., Corp.
Merna, John, Corp.
Osborne, Elisha A., Corp.
Page, Laertes B., Corp.
Rediker, John, Corp.
Smead, Franklin H., Corp.

3£

».

ROLL OF HONOR.

6/5

Stockwell, R. W., Corp.
Sutton, William A., Corp.
Warner, Cassius M., Corp.
Erwin, James, Mus.
Scan, James, Mus.

PRIVATES.

Baker, George
Barnard, Edwin A.
Barnum, Milo H.
Bartlett, Louis
Beck, Alfred
Bonney, Charles L.
Boyer, Nicholas
Bradford, Hiram
Brightmau, George W.
Brinkerhoff, Benjamin F.
Brooker, Lewis
Burton, Stephen
Carpenter, James B.
Cook, Andrew J.
Cook, Caleb H.
Cook, William B.
Dwinnell, Azro
Dyer, George W.
Ferris, Hiram R.
Hayes. Burton S.
Hendrickson, James S.
Hill, Albert
Hitz, Joseph L.
HoefHinger, Matthew
Hollowell, Jacob
Hulett, Marshall F.
Hurlbut, William
Johnson, William
Jones, Charles H.
Jones, Heman F.
Kennard, Henry
Knapp, Albert D.
Knapp, Charles H

Lane, Royal W.
Lane, Warren
Lawrence, William J.
Locke, Robert
Locke, William
Lussenden, William
McVoy, John
Miller, Charles F.
Mills, Artemus T.
Nichols, Julius
Northrop, Henry B.
O'Keefe, Dauiel
Pardee, David A.
Piper, John
Poole, Thomas J.
Quayle, Albert K.
Ray, William D.
Ridecker, John
Rediker, Theodore
Romp, William F.
Rowan, Frederick
Sabin, Rodolphus N.
Schneider, Theodore
Schroeder, Frederick
Segur, James D.
Slater, John H.
Stokes, Thomas
Werntz, Charles

COMPANY C.

Semple, John L., Capt.
Thomas, Francis M., Capt.
Card, Joseph P., ist Lieut.
Reynolds, Ed. B., ist Lieut.
Blossom, Richard S., ist Ser^
Scoville, Thomas J., ist Serg.
Hammou, Charles, Serg.
Metzger, Timothy, Serg.
Cottrell, Thomas J., Serg.
Lockwood, H. B., Serg.

■

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676

ROLL OF HONOR.

G.-.V

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Scoville, Andrew J., Serg.
Young, Archibald M., Serg.
Beckwith, C. R., Corp.
Cassid}^ Thomas, Corp.
Click, Felix, Corp.
Cottrell, Richard, Corp.
Dean, Silas, Corp.
Fell, Thomas, Corp.
Knowles, Henry, Corp.
Leniger, John, Corp.
McNeil, Timothy, Corp.
Moore, Isaac S., Corp.
Morrison, C. A., Corp.
Nagle, William C, Corp.
Nodine, Jacob, Corp.
Smith, Charles, Corp.
Wager, Andrew, Corp.
Ward, Arthur, Corp.
Wilson, Orlando W., Corp.
Lovely, Joseph, Mus.
Thayer, Jesse, Fifer.
Williams, John, Drummer.

PRIVATES.

Allen, Sylvester
Bates, Robert
Bennett, James
Beynon, Charles
Blossom, Richard S.
Brainard, Enoch
Brown, John
Bullock, Charles
Burt, James
Byron, William
Chandler, Charles
Clifford, Joseph
Cunningham, James
Davis, Absalom C.
Dean, Henry J.
Dennison, Edmund F.

Dobaly, Abraham

Doran, Richard

Evans, George

Faulkner, Thomas

Fell, Thomas

F'itzpatrick, John P.

Franklin, Benjamin S.

Fretter, Henry

Gordon, John

Gribben, Thomas

Hart, James B.

Haskins, William

Hazen, Francis M.

Hodson, John

Horning, Joseph A.
Hughes, David
Irvine, Thomas

Kelley, Patrick
Logan, Henry
Majo, Joseph
McLaughlin, John
McNeil, Duncan
Miller, Cephus H.
Montayne, John
Negley, Kaden
Oswald, John
Peasnell, James
Pryor, John H.
Reynolds, E- B.
Riley, Patrick
Rolling, Louis
Schultz, Charles
Scoville, Benjamin F.
Smith, Frederick
Southern, William P.
Stotzer, John
Strong, Edward
Sullivan, John
Sweet, Benjamin
Vomoss, Jacob

9 ft

6 M

ROLL OF HONOR.

6/7

Waller, Weber
Webster, David
Weingert, Frederick
Welch, James
Welch, John
Whitney, Stephen
Wright, Alexander

COMPANY D.
Morgan, Charles E., Capt.
Philpot, John T., Capt.
Bacon, Henry C, ist Lieut.
Dickey, H. D., ist Lieut.
Neville, L. J., ist Lieut.
Sturtevant, W. M., 2d Lieut.
King, Abner C, ist Serg.
Bosworth, Fenner, Serg.
Cates, Moses C, Serg.
Ford, Arthur O., Serg.
Goodsell, George B., Serg.
Griswold, Almon H., Serg.
Hannaford, William H., Serg.
Higby, William B., Serg.
Upham, George, Serg.
Armour, Samuel M., Corp.
Baker, Alvin, Corp.
Deady, Martin V., Corp.
Dixon, Alanson R., Corp.
Frissell, Henry M., Corp.
Gleason, Rienzi C, Corp.
Hannaford, L. B., Corp.
Horton, Hilon R., Corp.
Louden, Ira, Jr., Corp.
Nash, Henry B., Corp.
Parr, Ferdinand G., Corp.
Ward, Burk E., Corp.
Wells, Porter, Corp.
Caley, William H , Mus.
Niece, Charles B., Mus.
Willey, Seth A., Mus.
Averill, Charles, Wagoner.

PRIVATES.
Anthony, John C.
Averill, Josiah
Baker, Daniel W.
Baldwin, Wallace
Bancroft, Charles H.
Barber, Jehu
Barker, Morris
Bosworth, Fenner
Bosworth, William M.
Budd, Thomas
Budd, William
Bull, Melville N.
Bull, Worthy T.
Burr, Edward
Burton, Julius
Button, Otis
Carpenter, Edwin M.
Carpenter, Miles M.
Conway, John
Cooper, David
Cotapes, John
Courter, Cornelius
Devoe, Henry L.
Dewey, Almon
Dillon, Andrew
Fell, Thomas
Fisher, Earl
Ford, Arthur O.
Ford, George B.
Frisby, Martin
Gifford, George O.
Glazier, Hiram M.
Gleason, Dighton R.
Gleason, Orrin A.
Gore, Page M.
Harvey, James M.
Home, Frederick
Horton, Hilon H. R.
Hubbell, Charles H.

f
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ROLL

Hunt, John D.
Kellogg, Augustus
Kennedy, Earl
Kilby, Jason
King, Charles
Lampson, Franklin
Lewis, Franklin
Lowrey, George H.
Mapes, Perry
Martin, Daniel
Martin, Thomas
Matthews, Elijah G.
McGuire, Patrick
Osmun, Daniel L.
Richmond, James
Rodgers, Augustus H.
Rothan, William
Russell, Henry
Sampson, Franklin
Schuyler, John
Schuyler, Henry
Schuyler, Robert
Sheffield, George W.
Shepherd, Henry
Sibley, Rufus
Sickles, James
Smith, Edwin
Trowbridge, Henry
Trowbridge, Wesley
Valkenburg, Edwin

COMPANY E.

Sargent, Charles E., Capt.
Scofield, Levi T., Capt.
Vought, John E., ist Lieut.
Mead, Chauncey W., ist Serg.
Ferguson, John B., Serg.
Gates, Orvin M., Serg.
Perkins, William C, Serg.
Ransom, George F., Serg.

HONOR.

Silburn, John, Serg.
Stafford, Abraham H., Serg.
Streibler, Martin, Serg.
Allen, Alexander B., Corp.
Carpenter, Isaac, Corp.
Cobb, James, Corp.
Galentine, Jay F., Corp.
Holloway, Oscar E., Corp.
Hoyt, Enos J., Corp.
Lundeberry, N. G., Corp.
Maple, James M., Corp.
Meeker, Walter S., Corp.
Nevill, Robert, Corp.
Puffer, Henry, Corp.
Puffer, Jabez B., Corp.
Russell, Bingley, Corp.
Simmons, George W., Corp.
Slater, Henry, Corp.
Wallace, Charles E., Corp.
Watson, James G., Corp.
Weeks, George H., Corp.
Whalen, James, Corp.
Whaley, Lucius D., Corp.
Laney, Lucius B., Mus.
Perkins, Ansel, Mus.

PRIVATES.

Abbott, James J. N.
Andrews, John
Barrett, Thomas H.
Bauder, A.J.
Bigler, Frederick
Bower, Jacob
Brennau, Thomas
Brown, William S.
Butler, David
Camp, James
Campbell, Patrick
Clingman, Andrew R.
Cobb, Andrew J.

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*■*

ROLL OF HONOR.

679

Cobb, Charles M.
Colbert, Joseph
Cooper, Argalons T.
Cottrell, Addison B.
Cross, Sarnuel
Delong, James
Dawson, John P.
Dismond, Peter
Ely, Stebbius B.
Farr, Edward L.
Freer, James
Freer, John A.
Gibson, George A.
Hendershott, Don D
Hinckley, Frederick
Johnston, William C.
Jordan, Allen T.
Kelley, Edward C.
Kieley, James
Klingman, Andrew R.
Levis, HoseaJ.
Manchester, Darius
Mapes, Seth
Mcllrath, Albert
Mott, Henry
O'Connor, Thomas
Percival, Jerome
Pettingill, Carlton S.
Quayle, John
Reed, Harmon
Ruby, Augustus
Shaw, Delos
Smith, Daniel
Smith, William
Stafford, Abram H.
Stearns, Lewis W.
Themes, Augustus
Thomas, William
Torrence, Stiles C.
Towsey, Frederick

Tucker, Joseph P.
Wallace, Peter
Weatherbee, Albert J.
Weidemau, George
Wells, Eli T.
Western, Freeman W.
White, Joseph
Wilder, Abel M.
Worthy, Thomas

COMPANY F.

Eddy, Constantine, 1st Lieut.

PRIVATE.

Seeley, Morrell E.

COMPANY G.

Dilley, Lewis S., Capt.
Peixotto, Moses L. M., Capt.
Hall, William, 1st Lieut.
Seymour, Henry C, 2d Lieut.
Taft, Sherman B., 1st Serg.
Babb, Thomas R., Serg.
Bushman, Frank, Serg.
Elliott, Adonijah B., Serg.
Kerner, Theodore, Serg.
Ranney, Charles H., Serg.
Wheelock, William H., Serg.
Barker, George, Corp.
Denison, Lemuel T., Corp.
Ellsasser, Charles, Corp.
Farmer, Thomas, Corp.
Field, William D., Corp.
Hatzell, Peter, Corp.
Hawkins, Nat. W., Corp.
Jordan, Orson, Corp.
Leggett, William H., Corp.
Turner, Delos W., Corp.
Witham, Amasa B., Corp.
Woodward, Robert, Corp.

6 **"

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**<&i«fc

ROLL OF HONOR.

i *

Deal, Henry, Mus.
Shrier, Joseph, Mus.

PRIVATES.

Ackley, Moses
Alexander, Lucius F.
Armstrong, Richard
Backus, David
Bash, Matthew
Beckley, Adam
Berner, Jacob
Brenuan, John
Campbell, Benj. F.
Canty, William
Carroll, Lawrence M.
Coe, Warren J.
Cramer, Calvin S.
Cummings, William S.
Cummiugs, James
Dailey, Daniel E.
DeFries, John G.
DeGraff, Henry
Dunham, Albert
Gage, James
Gastner, Jacob
Hart, James
Jones, John
Jordan, Ansel
Joy, Peter
King, Joseph
Knapp, Charles D.
Lamb, James E.
Learschot, Peter
Lewis, William W.
Logan, Robert
McCormick, John H.
McGuire, Charles
Melia, Peter
Miller, Adam
Nicely, John

Nicholson, John
Penstal, John
Perrin, Levi
Pomeroy, James
Reublin, John R.
Rhodes, Alvin B.
Ryder, Peter
Sands, Matthew
Shrier, Frank
Smith, Jacob
Smith, Reuben
Spain, Jacob
Spencer, John
Stanley, John
Stockwell, Jerome N. B.
Sullivan, Peter
Thompson, William
Thorn, George
Truffler, James
Urban, John
Wagner, George
Whitehead, Henry
Williams, William
Wilson, James
Witham, Charles
Witharn, George

COMPANY H.

Rhodes, Charles D., Capt.
Duncan, Michael, 1st Lieut.
Hotchkiss, Dewitt C, 1st Lieut.
Coughlin, Daniel, Corp.
McClay, Harrison, Corp.

PRIVATES.

Ambrose, Frederick
Allen, Robert
Allen, Thomas
Baldwin, Henry W.
Brainard, Henry M.

»'«

* ■

i*2to

ROLL OF HONOR.

68 1

Churchill, Alfred W.
Hanna, Cassius B.
Hawu, Almon
Isom, James A.
Jarrett, John
Lewis, Philip
Lowman, Charles E.
Matthews, Joseph
Mixer, Albert K.
Ruddick, John
Snyder, Christian
Stephens, Henry M.
Stillman, Charles F.
Towner, Augustus
Towner, Francis S.
Wheeler, Turney B.
Wilson, Alexander M.

COMPANY I.
PRIVATES.
Blatherwick, Wilfred F.
Gratz, Charles E.
McLaughlin, John

104th REGIMENT,

Sterl,

Oscar W., Co]

COMPANY

PRIVATES

Fording, Miller

IIenr\

', John

COMPANY

Stearns, Daniel M.,

Capt.

COMPANY

PRIVATES

Boyer

, Daniel

Howard, James
Rhinehart, Adam

107tti REGIMENT

FIELD AND STAFF.

Arnold, George, Maj.
Suhrer, Fernando C, Maj.
Hartmann, Charles A., Sur.
Steiner, William H., Adj.
Umbstaetter, Daniel, ist Lieut. .»;#

and Q. M.
Schylander, A., Hosp. Stew.
Baldinger, Theodore, Mus.
Huy, William C, Mus.
Neytheus, Henry, Mus.

COMPANY A.
Weber, Otto, Capt.
PRIVATES.

Ernst, Jacob
McCauley, John G.
Mueller, Joseph

COMPANY B.

Dewaldt, August J., Capt.
Mielert, Anton, Capt.
Albers, Gerhard H., ist Lieut.
Bowers, William H., ist Lieut.
Deubel, Conrad, ist Lieut.
Schreiner, Christian S., istLieut.
Sebastian, Julius J., ist Lieut.
Mohr, John, 2d Lieut.
Griffin, Thomas A., ist Serg.
Fathauer, William F., Serg.
Frey, Matthias, Serg.
Hirz, Fridolin, Serg.
Kramer, Peter, Serg.
Windelspecht, Jacob, Serg.
Young, Henry, Serg.
Able, Lewis, Corp.
Alge, Stephen, Corp.

5
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682

ROLL OF HONOR.

Bruggemeier, C. F., Corp.
Hoffman, Peter, Corp.
Penser, Augustin, Corp.
Prasse, Frank H., Corp.
Rebman, Christian, Corp.
Rothermel, John, Corp.
Schoeneweg, Louis, Corp.
Seachrist, Daniel, Corp.
Sieber, Andrew, Corp.
Weiss, Edward, Corp.
Zeidler, Emil, Corp.
Hornung, Conrad F., Mus.
Joven, John W., Mus.
John, Jacob, Wagoner

PRIVATES.

Alheit, John
Althoff, Henry
Amsler, Melchoir
Augspurger, Gustav A.
Bless, Jacob
Bohn, Charles
Brandeusteiu, Adam
Brown, Gottlieb
Bruggemaun, John H. W.
Calahan, Patrick
Daul, Alois
Demoline, Saul
Derr, John
Diehlruan, Martin
Dillon, Patrick
Eichler, Henry
Fathauer, Ernest H.
Fertig, Gabriel
Fight, Henry
Frey, John
Furst, Jacob
Gauter, Andrew
Goetz, Christopher
Goudy, James

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Heiss, John
Heiss, William H.
Hemmerling, John
Henshen, Henry
Hildebrand, Matthias
Hill, Converse J.
Hill, John H.
Hillerick, Anton
Hirtz, Peter
Hoag, Joseph
Hodel, Jean
Holtzhauer, Martin
Horst, John H.
Hug, Andre
Kirschner, Michael
Kissel, Valentine
Koch, Peter
Kohl, Joseph
Kroll, Frederick
Krug, William F.
Lang, Frank
Law, John
Lewis, Watson
Lickley, William
Livingston, Joseph
Longacre, Abraham C.
Maloney, Michael
Mario, Christolph
McCormick, John
Moore, George
Mueller, George
Mueller, Jobst H.
Pendleton, James
Pendleton, William
Pfister, Christian
Pfister, Samuel
Pluss, William
Prasse, Frederick
Priefer, Gustav
Rasp, Henry

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ROLL OF HONOR.

683

Reinhart, Leonhart
Riehm, Christoph
Rok, Frederick
Rothermel, Frank
Schaab, John
Schaffer, William F.
Schmehl, John
Schneider, John
Schoeneweg, Julius
Schreiber, Gerhard H.
Schulz, Christian
Schwartz, Gottlieb
Selig, Augustiu
Splate, Henry
Stahl, John
Stehr, Henry
Stiegelmeier, John H.
Stohlman, August H.
Titgemeier, Frederick
Toensing, Fred H.
Traxel, John
Vosselman, Philip G.
Wacker, Henry
Wanger, Christian
Wanger, John
Watson, Lewis W.
Weber, Frederick W.
Weber, Peter
Wehageu, Herman
Weisenboru, Lewis H.
Weiss, Conrad
Wokaty, Matthias

COMPANY D.
PRIVATE.

Lohn, John T.

COMPANY E.

Lutz, John M., Capt.
Schrink, John, Capt.

Houck, John J., 1st Lieut.
Peterson, John, 2d Lieut.
Kunz, George, 1st Serg.
Deuble, Henry, Serg.
Feldkamp, Henry, Serg.
Fuerstein, John A., Serg.
Geist, Philip, Serg.
Ruppender, Frank, Serg.
Taifel, Christian, Serg.
Umlauft, Emil, Serg.
Allen, John B., Corp.
Boesch, Jacob, Corp.
Buechler, John, Corp.
Crane, John, Corp.
Enimert, William F., Corp.
Feitz, John, Corp.
Oswald, John, Corp.
Rosenfeld, Sigmuud, Corp.
Rothgery, Joseph, Corp.
Snell, William, Corp.
Themes, John, Corp.
Ahlheim, George, Mus.
Beyerle, Carl, Mus.
Buerge, John, Wagoner.

PRIVATES.

Beltz, John A.
Benjamin, Piatt S.
Bodicker, Otto
Bowman, Edward
Brinkman, Henry
Brown, John
Buettner, Charles
Busick, John
Crane, John
Dentzer, Jacob
Dienst, Killian
Edel, Lorentz
Ellsworth, George
Emmert, William, Jr.

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ROLL OF HONOR.

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Fees, William
Frank, Michael
Froelich, Henry
Gaul, Andrew
Giehrke, Wilhelm
Goebel, Christian
Greenwald, Christian
Haber, Matthew
Hauri, Jacob
Hof, Jacob
Hoffman, Henry
Hohlfelder, Jacob
Hugill, George
Jones, Charles
Jucker, Jacob
Kasper, Jacob
Kleinschmidt, Adam
Krauss, George
Lamle, John A.
Link, Christian
Loock, Ernst
Luder, Jacob
Martin, Anton
Mueller, Albert
Mueller, John
Mullen, Miles
Myers, Louis
Nau, Jacob
Norris, Henry L.
Ody, George
Peter, William
Ploetzer, Conrad J.
Pool, William
Puchta, John
Roos, Louis
Ruhl, Henry
Ruppender, Martin
Sanders, John
Schmidt, Joseph
Schmidt, Martin

Schneider, Jacob
Scholles, Peter
Schrink, Ferdinand
Schwartz, Philip
Shippert, Joseph
Talman, Michael
Timm, Frederick
Verseman, Claus
Vogel, John
Weichmand, Henry
Weidenkopf, Gottfried
Weislogel, Jacob
Wieland, Gottlieb
Zauger, Philip
Zimmermann, Gabriel
Zisky, Gottfried
Zohn, John

COMPANY F.

Koch, William, Capt.

COMPANY G.

Brinker, John H., Capt.
Peterson, Anton, Capt.
Young, Peter F., Capt.
Juchem, Peter, Serg.
Peterson, Joseph C, Serg.
Bauer, John, Corp.

PRIVATES.

Creeger, Reinhard
Hevernick, George
Johnson, Edward
Juchem, Joseph
Lynes, Charles
Rahrig, George
Schimpff, Rudolph H.
Walter, Thomas
Wimar, Charles

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ROLL OF HONOR.

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113th REGIMENT.

COMPANY I.

Strauss, Nathan, Capt.
Strauss, Abraham, Serg.

PRIVATE.

Wilson, Charles

115th. REGIMENT.

COMPANY C.

PRIVATES.
Cook, James C.
Cook, James S.
Conley, Barney
Fitzwater, John
Maley, Christopher
Wilkin s, John

COMPANY G.

PRIVATES.
Herkner, Albert A.
Peat, William

124th. REGIMENT.

FIELD AND STAFF.

Payne, Oliver H., Col.
Pickands, James, Lieut. Col.
Hampsou, James E., Maj.
Patterson, Dewitt C, Sur.
Hammer, Charles D., Adj.
Warren, Charles E., Adj.
Lewis, Albert H., Q. M.
Treat, William, Q. M.
Bowker, Seth D., Chaplain.
Leonard, C. C, O. M. Serg.
Collins, Charles D., Com. Serg.
Powell, James, Com. Serg.
Reed, William A., Com. Serg.

Grauel, Peter R., Hosp. Stew.
Fish, Clark A., Mus.
Foster, George, Mus.
Strieker, E. W., Mus.
White, James C, Mus.

COMPANY A.

Proctor, Haskell F., Capt.
Wilson, William, Capt.
Caskey, A. C, 1st Lieut.
Doubleday, George, 2d Lieut.
Elliott, Eugene W., 1st Serg.
Goodrich, George E., 1st Serg.
Lamb, John P., 1st Serg.
Smith, Elam A., 1st Serg.
Ellsworth, Oliver E., Serg.
Henry, Harrison F., Serg.
Porter, Gilbert C, Serg.
Rose, Andrew K., Serg.
Schubert, William, Serg.
Selover, William H., Serg.
Stevenson, Thomas, Serg.
Wing, George D., Serg.
Zerly.John H., Serg.
Bartlett, Edward G., Corp.
Crittenden, Andrew, Corp.
Duncan, John E., Corp.
Ellsworth, Zera, Corp.
Foster, George H., Corp.
Fuller, Franklin, Corp.
Garzee, Eben W., Corp.
Hammond, Thomas, Corp.
Minor, George N., Corp.
Parsons, George F., Corp.
Reuss, Gottlieb, Corp.
Stone, Adrian C, Corp.

PRIVATES.

Ames, Samuel H.
Austin, Charles E.

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686

ROLL OF HONOR.

Austin, Orlando
Barberic, William
Bartlett, Frederick J.
Bartlett, John H.
Bates, Samuel
Beck, Michael
Brainard, Edward
Brainard, San ford R.
Brown, George W.
Bryan, William
Carpenter, Samuel
Church, Orlando H.
Clague, William H.
Cornwall, Willis
Cowley, Thomas
Duncan, George J.
Durian, John C.
Empson, William
Ex, Nicholas
Finney, William O.
Foote, Edwin
Fritz, Jacob
Gates, Edwin N.
Gates, George H.
Gibbs, Charles
Gifford, Thomas S.
Gould, Isaac H.
Gould, John W.
Green, Herbert F.
Hall, Chauncey D.
Hamlin, Job
Hardy, Isaac
Haskins, Lyman
Herr, Benjamin
Herr, Daniel
Herr, David Z.
Hodgeman, John
Holden, Elisha M.
Huddeu, William
Hudson, Richard

Jewett, William
Kenfield, Henry
Kent, Edwin A.
Kyser, Peter
Lingle, Christian
Litchfield, John
Losey, William F.
Lovejoy, John
Maskall, Thomas
Matthews, Isaac
McGarvey, Robert
McGurk, John
Mehoe, Edward
Miner, George N.
O'Brien, Andrew
Offolderf, Dars
Page, Edwin S.
Quayle, Samuel H.
Russell, Wilbur F.
Schuerrer, Henry
Schwartz, Gottlieb
Segmeier, Jacob
Selover, Theodore A.
Shepard, Elvert M.
Shepard, Ralph H.
Sipe, Adam
Smith, Ozias C.
Stevenson, Thomas
Sweeney, Edward
Sweeney, John
Thompson, Hiram
Trow, Elijah
Van Avery, Oscar
Vosler, Jacob
Wallace, Henry B.
Watkins, Lewis M.
Webster, Arthur
Williams, James
Wing, Adelbert L.
Wing, Stephen P.

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Wyeth, Jonathan
Wykes, Richard
Yost, David

COMPANY C.
Irwin, John B., Capt.
McGinness, James T., Capt.
Stratton, Daniel, Capt.
Wallace, Robert, Capt.
Payne, Samuel B., ist Lieut.
Lamb, John P., 2d Lieut.
O'Brien, John, 2d Lieut.
Batchelder, John K., ist Serg.
Holt.Josiah M., Serg.
Johnson, James L., Serg.
Lane, Dexter, Serg.
Montgomery, Joseph, Serg.
Nickerson, Erastus, Serg.
Oliver, Christopher C, Serg.
Redness, William, Serg.
Roche, Frank, Serg.
Shaughuessy, David, Serg.
Abbey, Reuben L., Corp.
Benson, Joseph, Corp.
Emmons, Wesley I., Corp.
Fitch, Loren, Corp.
Lynch, John, Corp.
Malo, George, Corp.
Manning, William, Corp.
McGuckin, Hugh, Corp.
Murphy, Edward, Corp.
Murphy, Patrick, Corp.
Roche, James, Corp.
Shepard, M. L., Corp.
Taylor, Isaac, Corp.
Tudor, John R., Corp.
Vernon, Charles, Corp.
Walsh, James, Corp.
Barnes, Tracey L., Mus.
Brown, Samuel J., Mus.

HONOR.

Harrington, Edward, Mus.
Lathrop, William, Mus.

PRIVATES.

Anderson, John
Andrews, George W.
Ault, Thomas C.
Brown, George W.
Bushon, Orange C.
Casey, John
Cole, James D.
Cole, John D.
Culliton, James
Davis, John
Dodson, John A.
Ducey, Michael
Ellenwood, Andrew
Engleson, Henry L.
Ferguson, Samuel
Flanigan, John
Forsythe, James W.
Fox, George
Fritz, John
Fuller, Lyman
Gardner, Thomas B.
Gillison, Allison S.
Goode, Frederick
Green, Luke
Grochee, Joseph
Haltermann, Matthias
Hicks, Egbert
Hopwood, John
Hunt, Samuel
Jago, Alfred L.
Jennings, John H.
Jewett, Edward E.
Johnson, Thomas
Joyce, John
Joyce, Patrick
Kidney, Nathan

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ROLL OF HONOR.

Lane, Dexter
Lee, Richard
Linder, Edward
Linge, George
Lowrie, William A.
Mahoney, Timothy
McBane, Charles A.
McCort, James
McDonald, James
Mcintosh, James
McWilliams, John
Money, Jacob
Mosier, John M.
Murphy, Patrick
Myron, John
Newnham, Charles
Parker, Charles A.
Preston, Martin L.
Putt, Richard
Quigley, William
Quiun, Arthur
Ray, John
Rayeu, William
Ritter, Reuben
Rood, Riley L.
Ryde, Jacob
Sexton, Amos C.
Shauley, William
Sheltz, John Marion
Slack, Henry
Smith, Martin
Stillson, Franklin
Styre, Charles E.
Walworth, Wallace
Wilde, Robert K.
Wylie, Thomas

COMPANY D.

Van Dorn, Cleveland, Capt.
Smith, Frank W., ist Serg.

Bowman, Hiram H., Corp.
Wade, Ira, Corp.

PRIVATES.
Ashford, Herbert W.
Beckwith, Herman E.
Cahill, Peter F.
Driscoll, Daniel
Evans, Theodore R.
Homan, Edward
Hudson, Albert E.
Hudson, James
Johnson, George
Jones, George N.
King, John
McGuire, Thomas
McKay, Florentine
Mossier, Ananias
Mossier, Josiah
Murphy, Arthur
Myers, Franklin
O'Donohue, Michael
Porter, Orlando
Raser, Augustus
Redecar, Henry
Schaffer, Christian
Schoenholtz, Henry
Snyder, William
Snyder, George
Vond, Nelson
Watkins, Charles

COMPANY E.

Bullock, John W., Capt.
Carran, Thomas J., ist Lieut.
Dempsey, T. A., ist Lieut.
Carran, William, Serg.
Flick, Josiah, Serg.
Heriff, Hartsel, Serg.
Burket, Peter, Corp.

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ROLL OF HONOR.

689

Cordes, Harold A., Corp.
Larkin, James, Corp.
Sholl, Jacob, Corp.
Hartman, Frank, Mus.

PRIVATES.
Allernan, Albert
Baker, Thomas
Benson, James
Bowman, Alfred
Bowman, John M.
Crew, John
Crocker, Myron
Euchre, Samuel
Harpon, John W.
Houghton, Christopher
Lawless, William
McDowell, William T.
McGuire, James

Mogler, Louis

Parker, Zenas D.

Reed, Richard

Remengoburg, C.

Rourke, Michael

Spangler, Peter

Stagmire, John

Stoner, William

Sutton, Jacob

Sweeney, James

Thomas, James

Turner, George

COMPANY F.

Dakin, Horace E., Capt.
Eaton, Sherburu B., Capt.
Smith, John C, Capt.
Moulton, A. J., 1st Lieut.
Nimmous, John S., 1st Lieut.
Mcllrath, Oliver P., 2d Lieut.
Crandall, John E., ist Serg.

Lang, David B., ist. Serg.
Bliss, Albert, Serg.
Butler, George, Serg.
Crapser, John W., Serg.
Hammond, Charles, Serg.
Heinbaugh, Jacob, Serg.
Teachout, Enoch P., Serg.
Adams, Sylvester, Corp.
Bartley, John, Corp.
Bowers, James A., Corp.
Cisco, John H., Corp.
Cooley, George, Corp.
Curtiss, Alfred, Corp.
Dell, George S., Corp.
Elliott, Eugene W., Corp.

Hunter, Adolphus, Corp.

Ketchum, Masou, Corp.

Lang, Henry B., Corp.

Lennon, James, Corp.

Sage, Marquis L., Corp.

Smith, James V., Corp.

Stone, George, Corp.

Williams, Henry, Corp.

Wheeler, Matthew B., Corp.

Chapman, Samuel, Mus.

Miller, Charles, Mus.

Sperry, Sherman, Mus.

Miller, John, Wagoner.

PRIVATES.

Adams, Harry F.
Aiken, Almond
Babb, Adam
Baird, John W.
Beach, Joseph
Beechman, Joseph A.
Bennett, Robert
Buckhart, Samuel
Buckley, Hugh
Burnett, Isaac

S^V P F H * *

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Chapman, Henry L.
Chapman, Henry
Coates, Charles
Corann, Joseph
Crosby, William
Crossland, Leonidas N.
Dinges, Adam
Forsythe, Levi
Goodrich, James
Grobe, Christian
Hart, Jehu

Hathaway, Baldwin B.
Hill, Hiram B.
Hodgeman, David P.
Holden, Joseph
Holden, Thomas H.
James, Francis
Jones, Carlos D.
Jones, Edward
Jones, Franklin
Lashels, George L.
Litchfield, Francis
Matthews, Frank L.
Meredith, Anthony
Mitchell, John
Mitchell, John N.
Muller, Frank
Nicholas, Peter
O'Mara, John
Rexinger, Joseph
Rowe, Amandias
Ryan, Michael
Seaber, Alfred N.
Sherman, Daniel
Shurtleff, Gordon
Schmidt, Christopher
Stabler, Christopher
Stark, James
Steller, Christian O.
Stewart, James

Thoma, John
Waltham, Thomas
Warner, Marshall C.
Wheeler, Lucius
Williams, George H.
Young, John

COMPANY G.

Powell, William A., Capt.
Brennan, James, ist Lieut.
Boyle, John, Serg.
Burke, Thomas, Serg.
Reed, William L., Corp.
Vandemark, Alex., Mus.

PRIVATES.
Baird, Alexander
Ball, William
Bromley, David
Clark, Thomas
Evans, George
Fallen, Owen
Fudrow, Christopher
Hayes, Burton
Hennessey, James
Konzeu, George
Lloyd, James L.
Lynden, John
Miller, John
Obenour, Frederick
Parker, William M.
Rauch, George
Riggor, Phillip
Sherman, Joseph
Shurtliff, Nelson
Stevens, Hiram B.
Waltz, Frank
Welsh, Patrick
Westerman, Joseph
Young, Marshall D.

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ROLL OF HONOR.

COMPANY H.

Stevens, John, Capt.
Crooks, Thomas J., ist Serg.
Dillon, James, Serg.
Doyle, John, Serg.
Lent, Nelson, Serg.
Lowry, Henry E., Serg.
Pepperday, William H., Serg.
Blethen, Allen, Corp.
Connolly, William M., Corp.
Cowdrey, Eugene M., Corp.
Denham, Robert N., Corp.
Green, John, Corp.
Harrison, Samuel H., Corp.
Kingman, John A., Corp.
Nicholson, William, Corp.

PRIVATES.

Barber, Gardner
Barnes, Tracey L.
Bartlett, Joseph
Caldwell, Adam
Camp, Charles D.
Clark, Samuel
Critchfield, Daniel S.
Dangerfield, Edward
Dietz, William
Drake, Frank
Dunning, Daniel N.
Foot, John A.
Fridley, Andrew
Goble, Darwin S.
Gregory, Charles A.
Hayes, James
Herrick, Leo
Hurley, John C.
Johnston, Thomas A.
Jones, Thomas H.
Kamp, Samuel
Karker, Jacob II.

69]

La Fayette, Felix
Lucas, Reeves
McCafferty, William
McCarty, Patrick
McDermott, John
McKinnon, Henry
Mitchell, Joseph
Mooney, John
Moore, Franklin
Moore, Peter
Murray, Patrick
Nagle, John
Noel, Philip
Ohl, Caspar
Phelps, John
Price, Peter
Reed, John H.
Rogers, William B.
Ryan, James
Sellers, David
Smith, Charles
Smith, Samuel B.
Spencer, Jonathan L.
Staples, Ephraim G.
Sturgess, David W.
Suitor, Jacob
Webster, William W.
Wilcox, William W.
Wilkeson, George
Wolf, Michael
Wright, Jonathan

COMPANY I.
Fulton, Samuel P., Capt.
Wyman, Charles E., ist Lieut.

PRIVATES.
Ellsner, Martin
Henzen, George
Reichert, George
Shook, John

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ROLL OF HONOR.

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Tower, Edgar M.
Wilson, Albert A.

COMPANY K.

Waldo, William R., Capt.
Wilson, Alfred, 1st Lieut.
Hagendobler, P., 2d Lieut.
Clark, William, Serg.
Everett, Charles W., Serg.
McDowd, James, Serg.
Caslin, Oliver, Corp.
Delehanty, John J., Corp.
Fowser, Frederick, Corp.
Gibson, John, Corp.
Marvin, Orrin, Corp.
Walsh, John, Corp.
Brainard, Charles, Mus.
Brainard, Loren, Mus.

PRIVATES.

Arn, Nicholas
Baxter, Hugh
Birch, William
Clark, James
Clark, John
Clark, William C.
Click, George
Conuell, John
Dorn, John
Dorn, Peter
Emerick, Charles
Ford, John
Gauntley, Hugh
Gibson, George
Gunshorn, William
Hennie, John W.
Holzhauer, Lewis
Jumont, George R.
Kearns, William
Lloyd, John

Lyttle, James W.
Martin, Joseph
Martin, William
Mayberry, John
Mellen, John
Mesmer, Andrew
Miller, John
Morrison, George
Naigle, Jacob
Nickerson, Sage
O'Neill, Edward
Quinlan, James
Quinn, Martin
Rei, John
Saunders, George
Shaub, Jacob
Simms, Joseph
Spencer, Reuben
Stewart, Alexander
Sutton, William
Teel, Melanctou
Thompson, Thomas
Thompson, William B.
Vanness, William
Waggoner, Frederick
Wallace, Thomas
Williams, Henry
Young, David
Zeigler, Adam

125thi REGIMENT.

FIELD AND STAFF.

Wood, George L., Maj.
McHenry, Henry, Sur.
Yates, Porter, Asst. Sur.
Herring, Simon, Hosp. Stew.
Demmee, Peter, Mus.
Young, Benjamin F., Mus.

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ROLL OF HONOR.

693

COMPANY A.
PRIVATES.
Darby, John E.
Richmond, Thomas

COMPANY B.

PRIVATES.

Fitch, Orsamus
King, John W.
Pigott, George
Reynolds, Edwin M.

COMPANY C.

PRIVATES.

Armstrong, Sanford
Baker, Henry
Campbell, John
Fay, Thomas
Handley, John
Radcliff, Minos
Shields, Mark

COMPANY D.

Fitch, Hudson, ist Serg.
Whittaker, John H., ist Serg.
Allen, Frederick, Serg.
Williams, John S., Serg.
Gillen, Thomas, Corp.
Hitchens, Almond, Corp.

PRIVATES.
Beggs, James
Corley, Timothy
Fuller, Mortimer J.
Hill, George S.
Keck, David
King, John
McLean, Edward H.
Pfaff, George
Putnam, John
Walters, John

COMPANY F.
PRIVATES.

Clere, Claud
Grime, Joseph
Harbye, Charles
Kline, George
Schneider, Henry
Seignuer, George

COMPANY G.

Pero, Joseph E., ist Serg.
Logan, James, Serg.
Simpson, John, Serg.
Berry, Christopher, Drummer.

PRIVATES.
Adams, Henry H.
Clodell, Charles
Daily, John
Fitch, Harrison H.
Garety, Joseph
Griffin, Morris
Hudson, Edwin
Kelley, James
Knapp, Charles
Lyons, David
Nichols, Edward
Shay, Daniel
Shay, James
Thompson, Robert W.
Wade, James

COMPANY H.
Leimbach, Charles, 2d Lieut.
Mueller, Charles, ist Serg.
Thompson, Leroy, Serg.
Henson, John, Corp.
Meyer, Anselm, Corp.
Sillfleisch, Rhinehard, Corp.
Weier, John, Corp.

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ROLL OF HONOR.

PRIVATES.
Allardt, Theodore
Berner, Jacob
Caldwell, Warren M.
Dailey, William
DeCrafF, William
Eckerman, Charles
Elliott, Michael
Esch, Franz
Gleich, Valentine
Groebe, Ernst
King, Jacob
Krumm, Francis S.
Lowman, James L.
Murphy, Patrick
Xauck, Frederick
Pfleuger, Valentine
Pietsch, August
Putnam, George
Scheuer, Henry
Schmitz, Nicholas
Schultz, Gottlieb
Seyfert, George
Somerby, William
Thiele, Henry
Wagner, Frederick
Weddle, Conrad
Wellerjohn
Wheeler, Seymour O.
Wolf, Frederick
Zoller, Peter

COMPANY I.

Cushing, William W., Capt.
Roessler, Richard, Serg.
Caughey, William, Corp.

PRIVATES.

Cary, David
Close, John
Donoghue, Patrick

Goebel, Michael
Miller, Charles
Porter, Anthony
Porter, Benjamin
Porter, Elden
Prince, James
Radel, Albert
Seydler, Gustav
Webber, August

COMPANY K.
Cleveland, Alexander W., Corp.

* * % v t, ^p§

PRIVATES.

Coon, Perry
Finsterwald, Charles
Finsterwald, Jacob
Lutz, Ernest
Meeker, Charles
Menen, Jacob
Robinson, Lewis N.
Sleinel, William
Welling, William

12Sth REGIMENT.

FIELD AND STAFF.

Linnell, Thomas H., Lieut. Col.
Scovill, Edward A., Lieut. Col.
Sanford, Junius R., Maj.
Yates, Porter, Asst. Sur.
Starr, Charles C, Regt. Q. M.
Foster, O. P., Hosp. Stew.

COMPANY A.
Hayes, Orlin S., Capt.

PRIVATES.
Broadbeut, John H.
Bryan, John
Burke, Thomas
Crawford, Charles

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ROLL OF HONOR.

695

Lent, Marcus
Lent, Peter
Reese, Dewitt
Ross, Charles E.
Ryan, William
Taylor, Samuel A.
Wheeler, Edmund T.
Whipple, Carlisle

COMPANY B.
Young, Edward E., 2d Lieut.
Douglas, Stephen E., Corp.
PRIVATES.

Corlett, Robert
Goudy, Thomas
Smith, Daniel W.
Smith, Samuel F.
Wagner, Jacob
Whitman, Andrew F.
Wilson, Alonzo D.
Wooden, Warren

COMPANY C.

Mitchell, Eugene O., 1st. Lieut.

COMPANY D.

Bailey, Leroy W., Capt.
Hutchinson, George, 2d Lieut.
Adams, Charles M., Serg.
Brinson, J. S., Serg.
Campbell, Charles C, Serg.
Holmes, Eli C, Serg.
Hunt, Charles A., Serg.
Rogers, Isaac N., Serg.
Tuttle, Jonathan B., Serg.
Green, Hugh, Corp.
Phillips, William, Corp.

PRIVATES.

Bushnell, Charles H.
Buskirk, Isaac

Clark, Edward W.
Crittenden, Samuel O.
Doane, Scott
Ferry, Franklin N.
Gregor, Ambrose M.
Marshall, William G.
Perry, Henry H.
Poak, Lycurgus M.
Scott, Lucas
Sherman, William
Stafford, Orlando

COMPANY E.

Smith, Henry A., Capt.
Ranney, LewTis R., 2d Lieut.
Harland, George W., Corp.
Judd, Demetrius, Corp.
Yarman, Daniel, Corp.

PRIVATES.

Badger, David P.
Cole, Alvin
Cole, John
Colson, Newton
Gleason, Almou
Hebblethwaite, Mark
Merritt, John
Oaks, James L.
Palmer, Michael F.
Parker, Solomon
Rudgers, Thomas J.
Taylor, Andrew W.
Thomas, W. H. H.
Viers, James S.

COMPANY F.

Mead, Alfred N., Capt.
Harrington, John M., 1st Lieut.
Corning, Hobart, 2d Lieut.
Hastings, Henry F., 1st Serg.

•

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696

ROLL OF HONOR.

Jump, Rufus E., Serg.
McCarty, Jefferson N., Serg.
Richardson, W. W., Serg.
Thompson, Edward, Serg.
Way, John W., Serg.
Gardner, Jared, Corp.
Gill, Wesley, Corp.
Harding, John H., Corp.
Rockwell, Charles H., Corp.
Severance, M. C, Corp.
Wright, William H., Corp.
Woodworth, L. E., Corp.
Farwell, Arba F., Mus.
Hosford, Frank H., Mus.
Johnson, Joel P., Mus.
Kelsey, George W., Mus.

PRIVATES.

Akins, Alonzo B.
Akins, Henry H.
Albright, Otto
Andrews, Albert A.
Andrews, Charles W.
Annis, Alfred
Austin, Thaddeus
Baker, John H.
Baker, Samuel
Balch, Cyrus M.
Barchard, Orville
Barchard, Samuel
Bark, Thomas
Bassett, Nathan
Battin, Henry S.
Beckett, Joseph
Beckwith, William W.
Cady, Gardner
Cahoon, Joseph
Carter, William M.
Cliue, William D.
Collins, Charles T.

Cover, Tobias
Cuddebeck, Charles
Cuddeback, Levi A.
Curtis, Theodore
Curtis, Tyler R.
Driver, James W.
Durkee, Horace A.
Filker, Adam
Francis, Henry
Francis, Thomas
Furuiss, Ezra
Greenhoe, Henry G.
Greenhoe, Michael
Greenhoe, William
Greenhoe, William C.
Hahn, George
Haight, Merritt
Hall, John
Harding, John H.
Hawn, Alvin T.
Hubbard, John
Jarrett, George
Keith, Calvin V.
Keith, Myron R.
Kenwood, Samuel S.
Keesler, Franklin
Lane, John B.
Langdon, Lewis
Long, Charles
Loucks, Horace
Lucas, Joseph
Marsh, Joel
Martin, John
Matthews, William
Meister, Theodore
Merritt, Daniel W.
Moon, Corwin
Moore, Myron
Morgan, Mortimer E.
Myers, Frederick

7j£&*

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ROLL OF HONOR.

697

Nicholas, George D.
Oberlay, John
O'Neill, Zachariah
Parsch, Anthony H.
Parsons, John
Peck, Ralph
Pelton, Frederick J.
Pelton, Munson M.
Prince, Paul
Randall, James
Reilly, Peter
Rockwell, Benjamin F.
Rogers, Oliver
Rose, Everett
Ruple, James B.
Sayer, John
Sayer, William
Shaffer, Joseph
Sherart, George G.
Sherod, Sydney
Silverthoru, Augustus
Smart, Romanzo E.
Snider, John
Stone, Cameron B.
Thompson, Andrew R.
Thompson, Daniel E.
Turney, Joseph
Wack, Edwin R.
Wagner, Henry
Wagner, Vernon
Walker, Julius
Wilson, Hiram A.
Wright, Charles H.

COMPANY G.

Manor, John J., Capt.

COMPANY H.
Young, Samuel H., 2d Lieut.
Gaskill, Thomas W., Corp.
Dowell, William M., Mus.

PRIVATES.

Benlehr, George H.
Carson, Thomas A.
Hawes, Thomas J.
Holford, Andrew D.
Lincoln, Henry H.
Parker, Elisha G.
Parker, William E.
Stough, Frank
Stough, Lafayette
Vostler, Christopher
Wilson, George

COMPANY I.
McElroy, Samuel D., 1st Lieut.
Campbell, Louis H., Serg.
Griswold, Arthur O., Serg.
Fullmer, Edwin B., Corp.
Phillips, Isaac N., Corp.
PRIVATES.

Anger, Eleazur
Baker, Edgar L.
Bole, John
Brinson, John S.
Brooks, George
Caley, Watson
Carroll, Henry
Castle, Theodore O.
Crawford, William H.
Crow, Mark E.
Dewilly, Brown
Ernst, George
Garnsey, William H.
Hake, Jacob
Heisner, Augustus
Inmau, William
Keeler, George W.
Knapp, Lorenzo
Lanaghan, George
Lee, Ezra B.

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Leland, Major I.
I/utz, Casper
Malla, Alexander
Mans, Peter
McAvoy, Michael
Murray, James B.
Perkins, Charles E.
Rivers, Adam
Roe, William
Ruple, Darwin
Sawyer, David
Solomon, George
Sproutberry, Henry
Sweeney, Henry
Taylor, Andrew J.
Titus, George
Titus, Ora
Turner, James
Wartman, Abraham
Wilford, Thomas

COMPANY K.

Cunard, Thomas C, Serg.
King, Lucius C, Serg.
Whittaker, Louis P. T., Serg.
Carley, James, Corp.
Egbert, John M., Corp.
Marvin, J. W., Corp.
Silver, Ruel W., Corp.
Walton, Jefferson, Corp.
Wiseman, Morgan, Mus.

PRIVATES.
Bolender, Henry
Clark, David H.
Clark, Orlando R.
Cozad, Dudley A.
Garloch, Andrew
Gay, Albert
Glazier, Madison

Hart, Marks
Hayes, Warren T.
Hubbard, Americus J.
Jennings, Silas H.
Kelt}-, Samuel D.
Leu, John

McXeelen, James W.
Mudge, Birdsey D.
Myers, Jacob
Perrigo, Frederick
Reinhart, Ferdinand
Schuster, John
Smith, George A.
Thatcher, James G.
Thomas, George W.
Thompson, Richard N.
Uuderhill, James W.
Underhill.John O.
Wells, Russell J.
White, Clinton R.
Woods, Joseph V.
Woods, William A.

129th REGIMENT
FIELD AND STAFF.

Hayward, George L., Lieut
Smith, James W., Sur.
Weber, Gustav C. E., Sur.
Campbell, John, Asst. Sur.
Steele, Horace B., Adj.
Bowman, George R., Chaplain
Wheeler, Charles T., Com. Ser

COMPANY

Wiugate, Samuel S.

Wingate, Oliver.

Serg.

Col.

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ROLL OF HONOR.

699

COMPANY E.

Taylor, Edwin, 1st Serg.
Bailey, Edward M., Serg.
Clapp, Hammond, Serg.
Barkdell, Watson H., Corp.
Fesmin, Francis W., Corp.
Tuttle, Charles H., Corp.
Dillon, John M., Mus.

privates.

Barber, Orrin
Brooker, William
Clapp, William
Goss, James
Holbrook, Henry
Hopwood, Ralph
Jones, Edward
Karney, John
Miller, Robert
Parsons, Robert
Pease, Oscar
Perry, Oliver H.
Pickard, Jacob
Plank, Samuel
Pumphrey, Walter F.
Randall, Courtney
Reese, Florence
Richmond, Samuel
Robinson, George
Shafer, John
Sly, John
Stewart, Hugh
Stewart, William
Warren, George

COMPANY I.

Luce, Charles

150thL REGIMENT.
FIELD AND STAFF.

Frazee, John N., Lieut. Col.
Palmer, J. Dwight, Maj.
Smith, James W., Sur.
Armstrong, James F., Asst. Sur.
Dutton, Charles F., Asst. Sur.
Goodwillie, Thomas, Adj.
Chapin, Herman M., Q. M.
Burton, John H., Serg. Maj.
Dodge, Wilson S., Q. M. Serg.
Severance, Louis H., Com. Serg.
Gardner, James P., Hosp. Stew.
Leland, Jackson M., Prin. Mus.

COMPANY A.

Parsons, J. Burton, 1st Serg.
Potter, Robert, Corp.
Rawson, Lemuel O., Corp.
Moulton, Andrew J., Corp.
Dunton, George E., Mus.
North, Allen C, Mus.

PRIVATES.
Allen, James M.
Allen, Victor J.
Barstow, John A.
Beck, George D.
Bingham, Flavel J.
Black, Louis
Bradner, John
Brown, Byron M.
Brown, Judson A.
Clark, Jerome H.
Curtiss, Aberdeen G.
Curtiss, James
Davis, John J.
Doolittle, Charles L. O.
Fairchilds, Charles S.

roo

ROLL OF HONOR.

^*
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e $.
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Finoh, Lucas E.
Fowler, Edward D.
Francis, Henry
Good, Charles W.
Goodale, Samuel N.
Goodman, Alfred T.
Hitchcock, Frederick
Hoyt, George
Keeler, Charles D.
Kidd, William
Lenner, Henry E.
Luce, Henry E.
Lyman, Charles M.
Mann, Thomas D.
Medsker, William
McNairy, William J.
Mears, Byron L.
Nichols, Benjamin J.
Noble, Conway W.
Ormsby, Henry
Orth, Jacob G.
Orton, Samuel C.
Paine, George S.
Perkins, Jerome T.
Pratt, Norman D.
Prentiss, Mendon L.
Quinn, Arthur H.
Reamer, George W.
Robinson, John H.
Roof, Joseph W.
Runnells, William H.
Sanford, Charles W.
Sherwood, Edward D.
Simmons, Sanford D.
Skeels, Spencer
Smith, Albert A.
Sterling, Alfred E.
Stevens, George
Styles, Royal P.
Taylor, Edwin

Thomas, Austin
VanWie, Peter G.
Vaughn, Charles W.
Wade, Frank
Wadsworth, Theo. L.
Webster, John R.
Welton, Herschel
Whiting, John
Wigman, John H.
Wilbur, Matthew
Wilcox, Stanley E.

COMPANY B.

Nevins, William R., Capt.
Lindslay, Thomas S., ist Lieut.
Chubb, Henry E., 2nd Lieut.
Warmington, William, ist Serg.
House, Martin, Serg.
Parcell, Charles E., Serg.
Porter, William L., Serg.
Redrup, William, Serg.
Allen, James F., Corp.
Kaighin, George P., Corp.
Leitz, Theodore J., Corp.
McNeil, William D., Corp.
Ralph, Isaac, Corp.
Rhodes, Robert, Corp.
Sawtell, Ira C, Corp.
Weed, Frank J., Corp.
Bennett, Plimmou E., Fifer.
Williams, Albert P., Drummer.

PRIVATES.
Ackley, Oliver P.
Alexander, Walter W.
Allen, Horace
Bell, George
Bennett, Charles H.
Bennett, Jacob
Bessitt, Horatio N.

c
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ROLL OF HONOR.

Beswick, Alexander L.
Bickford, Nelson
Bixby, Joseph C.
Brooks, William
Buckmaster, Christopher
Caldwell, William
Campbell, William K.
Carey, George B.
Chase, William S.
Chubb, Edgar
Clampitt, Peter S.
Conn, Thomas B.
Conn, William
Crowl, John
Cunningham, George
Cunningham, Lewis E.
Curtiss, Wilbur
Davis, Henry B.
Eastman, James A.
Eastman, Jerome B.
Edwards, Charles C.
Fisher, Louis
Folsom, Samuel W.
French, Almou B.
George, Henry
Goulding, John N.
Hastings, Alvin
Hawthorn, William
Henry, George
Hicks, Augustus H.
Jenkins, Edward
Jones, Frank L.
Kaighin, Charles E.
Kidney, Adrian
Lambert, Thomas C.
Lucas, David
Madison, William A.
Martin, John
Mayer, Odelo
McDougal, Samuel

Moore, William R.
Morse, Henry C.
Neeley, William P.
Neville, George
Pennington, Benjamin L.
Pennington, Samuel E.
Penrich, Frank
Perrin, Abraham B.
Pollock, William J.
Quillman, John
Reese, Samuel M.
Richardson, Henry H.
Riskmeier, John H.
Robbins, William
Roseukraus, David
Sackett, Homer W.
Schott, Adam
Skinner, Henry
Spencer, Charles F.
Stephens, John E.
Tamblin, Charles
Taylor, George H.
Thomas, William S.
Updyke, John B.
VanDruver, David
Vickers, Thomas
Wilcox, Andrew R.
Williams, Charles H.
Wilson, Hiram V.

COMPANY C.

DeForest, Louis G., Capt.
Hanna, Marcus A., ist Lieut.
Thomas, Ebenezer B., 2nd Eieut.
Brew, William H., Serg.
Chapin, George W., Serg.
Harvey, Henry A., Serg.
Morse, Jay C, Serg.
Tucker, Charles H., Serg.
Brown, George A., Corp.

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ROLL OF HONOR.

7 9

•

Fenton, Henry T., Corp.
Mcintosh, Alex. J., Corp.
Page, Edward S., Corp.
Sackett, Levi A., Corp.
Stewart, George E., Corp.
Wighttnan, John J., Corp.
Wyman, William H., Corp.
Brockwa)% Marcus, Mus.

PRIVATES.

Adams, James
Alberty, Kerlin
Alvord, Daniel M.
Andrus, George W.
Ash, Arthur
Baker, Edward F.
Barnes, Titus A.
Bingham, George F.
Brainard, Charles S.
Brown, Hiram M.
Bush, Richard
Cannon, Charles H.
Carner, Orlando
Carter, Charles C.
Chamberlain, Linton
Clark, Cassius M.
Clint, David K.
Cook, Thomas S.
Coulter, James M.
Cox, Harvey H.
Crowell, William
Delano, Lewis H.
De Lair, Arthur
Derthick, Frank A.
Dockstader, Charles J.
Fay, Henry M.
Ferguson, William
Ferris, Mark H.
Foljambe, Charles
Ford, Henry J.

Gaylord, Isaac W.
Gill, Thomas E.
Goodwin, Charles T.
Hauscomb, Edward B.
Harrington, Martin
Harvey, Edward H.
Heinde, Daniel
Hills, Augustus F.
Hoyt, Frank W.
Hubby, Frank W.
Hunt, Edward P.
Iddings, Richard M.
Kelly, William H.
Laing, George H.
Laing, James
Laing, Robert
Lyman, George
McMillen, George W.
Morris, William
Morrison, Henry E.
Morse, Charles D.
Myers, Henry E.
Papworth, Robert R.
Payne, Nathan P.
Pease, Luther M.
Perkins, Charles
Porter, Andrew
Prentiss, Chauncey
Price, Charles J.
Reid, William R.
Scott, Ashly D.
Segur, George W.
Segur, Henry G.
Shepard, Cassius P.
Steadman, Frank B.
Stillman, William H.
Strong, Lorenzo A.
Tennis, John S.
Thorpe, Ira D.
Virgil, Henry J.

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Wall, Thomas
Wall, William R.
Ward, William
Wheeler, John W.
Whittemore, Aug. W.
Wightman, Lewis D.
Wolcott, Henry R.

COMPANY D.

Canfield, Jason, ist Lieut.
Whitehead, George W., 2d Lieut.
Davies, Alex. W., ist Serg.
Merriam, Howard H., Serg.
Pettingill, Horace H., Serg.
Smith, Albert B., Serg.
Towner, William, Serg.
Cozad, Newell S., Corp.
Davis, Slaymaker M., Corp.
Gibbons, John W., Corp.
Goyette, Octave L., Corp.
Gribben, James A., Corp.
Mcintosh, John L., Corp.
Sturtevant, Carlos M., Corp.
Urban, Jacob P., Corp.

PRIVATES.
Ansley, George W.
Baker, Samuel J.
Bell, George
Bond, Frederick H.
Bond, William E.
Brayton, Gilbert H.
Brown, Charles C.
Call, Henry S.
Chandler, Richard G.
Chard, William P.
Chavalia, Lewis H.
Crandall, Burton K.
Crawford, Frederick
Date, Edwin R.

Dean, Owen
Denzer, Charles H.
Denzer, George E.
DeWolf, Charles
Dockstader, Richard M.
Drake, Winfield S.
Dukes, William D.
Earnest, William H.
Englehart, George L.
Esterbrook, Thomas
Finster, Leonard
Foltz, Frederick
Foote, William S.
Granger, Edward F.
Haker, Frederick C.
Hardick, Garry L.
Hester, George
Higbee, James B.
Hill, Charles L.
Jacoby, John
Jaynes, Harris
Krumm, Henry
Lacey, Alonzo
Lauder, John
Lang, Merrill W.
Lewis, Edward
Lowe, Parker
Macey, George H.
Marvin, Smith A.
Murray, Robert M.
Nichols, Jesse
Nottage, William
Odell, Arthur
Parrish, Edwin P.
Pettit, Edward L.
Petty, George W.
Powell, Alfred H.
Powell, Lorenzo C.
Pratt, Frederick D.
Rawson, Edward B.

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704

* •&•

ROLL OF HONOR.

Reese, Florence
Rhinehart, Francis
Robinson, George
Rohrig, Henry
Ross, James \V.
Ryan, James C.
Ryder, James E.
Schinkel, Ernest L.
Shannon, Wilson A.
Shepard, William P.
Snyder, Charles E.
Stegman, Henry R.
Ulrich, Conrad
Wagner, Charles G.
Walker, Hobart M.
Whaley, Harmon J.
Wick, Dudley B.
Wickham, Owen B.
Wier, Joseph S.
Wilbur, Charles J.
Williams, Jasper E.
Williamson, John
Wolcott, Edward O.

COMPANY E.

Parsons, John G., 1st Lieut.
Stowe, Thomas A., 2nd Lieut.
Carroll, Patrick H., 1st Serg.
Whitehead, Thomas R., Serg.
Bedford, George, Corp.
Denham, William H., Corp.
Hopper, George H., Corp.
Madigan, James, Corp.
Newcomb, Theo. B., Corp.
Page, Henry L., Corp.
Scarry, Michael, Corp.
Young, George F., Corp.

PRIVATES.
Ager, Daniel
Beebe, Miles A.

Bersch, William H.
Billson, Caleb
Body, Lewis
Brown, Charles A.
Brown, Erwin B.
Chapman, George F.
Coleman, John E.
Congdon, Richard
Connelly, William R.
Date, William H.
Davies, Richard H.
Denham, Albert W.
Denham, John B.
Dockstader, Charles
Drumm, Charles
Ellsworth, William W.
Evans, Samuel C.
Fetzer, John
Ganson, Henry W.
Gardner, Edwin M.
Glaser, Theophilus
Gleason, William J.
Hemp)', Frederick
Hoffman, John
Holly, James
Hunt, Henry A.
Johnson, George J.
Jones, Frederick K.
Keller, William D.
Kelly, Thomas B.
Koerner, Casper
Kreher, Joseph
Lambert, Frederick
Lane, Thomas S.
Markle, Russell
McBride, William F.
McClair, Alfred
McGuire, John H.
Mclntyre, Leander
Millgate, Richard A.

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Miller, John T.
Norton, John A.
Osborn, Alanson T.
Paine, Alfred H.
Parker, Harris
Pettit, Edwin L.
Pierson, Thomas A.
Rickey, John M.
Scotten, William T.
Smith, Eugene H.
Speddy, Thomas H.
Thatcher, Henry C.
Thompson, R. Freeman
Tibbitts, Charles
Tufts, George W.
Wadsworth, Charles M.
Wadsworth, William H.
Walsh, Alexander S.
Walther, Henry
Warden, George
White, Samuel
Wilson, William
Wooldridge, John
Yahraus, John

COMPANY F.

Rouse, Edwin C, ist Lieut.
McDowell, Charles J., 2d Lieut
Farrand, Fred. P., ist Serg.
Fargo, Charles B., Serg.
Glenn, Joshua B., Serg.
Spangler, George, Serg.
Weidenkopf, Fred, Serg.
Dickerman, Sidney F., Corp.
Diemer, Peter, Corp.
Fox, Samuel P., Corp.
Hart, John, Corp.
Herwig, Henry W., Corp.
Pollyblank, George, Corp.
Vaupel, Charles P., Corp.

Weidenkopf, N., Corp.
Olker, Otto L., Mus.
Stewart, John N., Mus.

PRIVATES.

Adams, Aug. A., Jr.
Anderton, Joseph
Barrett, Patrick W.
Bentley, Thomas C.
Bloom, Addison M.
Boldy, John
Bowles, James H.
Brewer, John W.
Britton, Benjamin
Buehue, Frederick
Burrows, Johnson J.
Campbell, Charles H.
Carman, William
Chipman, William
Christian, George B.
Clarke, Louis D.
Conkey, Joseph T.
Creighton, Wilfred
Curtis, William
Dakin, Henry M.
Davis, Henry
Dickey, John H.
Dow, Myron C.
Fairbanks, Frank
Fell, Alfred W.
Frank, Edward H.
Gray, Edward C.
Griffin, Samuel A.
Guilford, Edwin R.
Guy, William M.
Halderman, George
Hales, Ansel
Henricle, Cushman L.
Henry, Albert
Henrv, Daniel

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706

ROLL OF HONOR

Higlen, Joseph
Hobbs, George W.
Hopkins, William A.
Janke, Gustavus R.
Johnson, George J.
Joyce, William H.
Keller, William C.
Kellogg, Charles E.
Koch, Moses
Leffler, Henry
Lockwood, Samuel
Lowry, Hugh F.
McKearney, James
McOmber, Elbridge J.
McReynolds, William
Monteverdi, Samuel
Newton, James L.
Norton, John A.
Olker, John
Palmer, Stephen B.
Patterson, Robert
Plaisted, Ivory
Robinson, John T.
Rogers, J. Porter
Ruedy, John J.
Sanderson, William
Scott, Martin B.
Skeels, Frederick J.
Slade, Albert T.
Snyder, William
Sullivan, Floyd R.
Turner, Caleb
Watterson, Moses G.
Wiesmann, August
Wiesmanu, John C.
Williams, Michael
Wire, William A.
Wolf, John W.
Wright, Martin L.

COMPANY G.

Nevins, John, Capt.
Bull, John C, 1st Lieut.
Barrett, Arthur H., 2nd Lieut.
Haas, John, 1st Serg.
Dexter, Benjamin F., Serg.
McMahon, John P., Serg.
Quayle, William H., Serg.
White, Chatham D., Serg.
Bryan, James A., Corp.
Davis, Lewis L., Corp.
McMahon, Walter W., Corp.
Merrick, William H., Corp.
Shane, Marion A., Corp.
Simms, William, Corp.
Turner, Charles M., Corp.
Tiffany, Isaac A., Musician.

PRIVATES.
Allen, Gaston G.
Ball, John W.
Bennett, A. C. W.
Blake, James G.
Blake, John W.
Boehringer, Peter J.
Brelsford, William H.
Brown, Albert
Brown, James
Carr, Richard
Carter, Lewis
Cowell, John
Crowell, William H.
Dailey, Charles R.
Douglass, George W.
Douglass, John
Farrand, Andrew
Fey, Frederick
Foote, Charles D.
Fouts, Henry C.
Granger, Frank

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Graunis, Joseph S.
Grotenrath, Philip
Hartzell, Albert
Haserodt, John G.
Hayward, George B.
Hertzog, John
Hoag, James E.
Hoffman, Frederick
Ingle, Charles
Jones, Carlos
King, Jacob
Kintz, Frederick
Langell, Benjamin
Lindsley, Edward
Logan, John
Lynch, John
Martin, Jacob
Matthias, Henry H.
McClure, Louis
McGinness, Fred. H.
Miller, Frank
Mueller, Julius
Neal, Thomas
Norton, Erastus M.
Palmer, Charles W.
Peck, Edmund F.
Perkins, Riall
Perrine, Henry
Peterson, Joseph C.
Phelps, William H.
Porter, Albert
Proudfoot, Johu P.
Powell, Joshua
Radcliffe, William H.
Russell, Charles W.
Russell, Cornelius L.
Sauford, Benjamin
Schenck, Theodore C
Scott, Clarence F.
Sloan, Wilson F.

Smith, Michael
Spies, Joseph
Stephens, William H.
Stevens, William N.
Thompson, John
Townsend, Frank
Tyler, Samuel
Walters, David H.
Waltner, John W.
Wheeler, Sanford
Williams, Thomas J.
Wilson, George W.
Wright, Arthur

COMPANY H.

Baird, Samuel H., Capt.
Dutton, Frank, ist Lieut.
Deunison, Edward, 2nd Lieut.
Gates, James M., ist Serg.
Atwood, Charles G., Serg.
Carpenter, David T., Serg.
Lowman, Matthew J., Serg.
McNally, William G., Serg.
Andrews, David B., Corp.
Brooks, Oliver K., Corp.
Dutton, William, Corp.
Heller, Israel B., Corp.
Kloch, Ephraim, Corp.
Lothman, Charles, Corp.
Scott, Stillman S., Corp.
Tinker, Wilford H., Corp.

PRIVATES.

Abbott, Jonathan P.
Allen, George D.
Armstrong, John R.
Baldwin, Wallace
Barber, William P.
Bohn, Henry
Borger, Christopher

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ROLL OF HONOR.

Bowles, Darius S.
Brinsmade, Allan T.
Bull, Henry G.
Butler, Charles R.
Carlisle, Robert
Chamberlain, Asa H.
Chapman, Hiram
Church, Austin
Corns, John
Decker, Charles
Dewey, Almon R.
Dunham, Frederick H.
Dunwell, Henrj' J.
Edwards, John R.
Ehrlich, Myer
Ehrlich, William
Ellis, James C.
Emerson, A. L.
Ferris, William H.
Foote, John H.
Fovargue, Daniel
Fuller, George
Gale, George R.
Gifford, Harvey C.
Gleason, S. H.
Hall, James C.
Hanaford, John R.
Handyside, John G.
Harris, Lorenzo D.
Hart, Edward S.
Hill, Chester
Hoffmeir, John H.
Horner, T. K.
Hustin, Kelley N.
Ingraham, Frank C.
Kehoe, Thomas J.
Kuhn, Frank
Lester, San ford W.
Marks, Edward N.
Marx, Moses

McConoughey, Wm. J.
Meredith, James F. M.
Merrill, Rolliu R. K.
Merritt, Charles E.
Mills, Oriu
Mitchell, Charles H.
Parker, Albert M.
Richards, Frank O.
Richards, Moses J.
Rogers, Charles C, Jr.
Sawyer, Abel W.
Schug, Jacob
Schnearline, Jacob
Sessions, Samuel A.
Sloss, Jonas
Smith, Albert M.
Smith, George R.
Smith, Warner E.
Sorter, Elijah
Stevens, Alfred
Stockwell, Brutus E.
Stone, Carlos M.
Strong, George
Thompson, John F.
Thompson, Robert
Tinker, Edgar R.
Turner, Lucien
Weisman, Robert
Wiener, Michael M.
Wilcox, Sherwood
Wilson, S. N.
Young, Elijah F.
Zahn, George

COMPANY I.
Farr, Edwin, Capt.
Rice, Jonas F., 1st Lieut.
Fitch, John G., 2d Lieut.
Rice, James P., 1st Serg.
Brown, Daniel A., Serg.

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Potter, James A., Serg.
Sperry, Junius, Serg.
Taylor, Marvin O., Serg.
Carpenter, Richard, Corp.
Dow, Charles, Corp.
Kennedy, Herbert O., Corp.
Knapp, Charles D., Corp.
Martick, Edwin, Corp.
Martick, Eli S., Corp.
Parker, James E. Corp.
Richardson, Harvey, Corp.

PRIVATES.
Alexander, Chauncey
Alexander, Lester
Andrews, William G.
Atwell, Charles G.
Barker, John S.
Bell, Charles C.
Berry, Matthew
Bommer, Joseph
Carpenter, Geo. W.
Chappell, Benjamin
Clague, Thomas
Colahan, John
Colton, Hiram W.
Cooley, John M.
Dailey, Hezekiah
Finley, Philip
Fitch, Herbert O.
Ford, Newell
Frost, Lorenzo E.
Hall, Reuben
Hall, Z. S.
Hawkins, John
Kellogg, Myron
Kennedy, George W.
Kirk, John
Knapp, Harvey
Latimer, Robert
Lewis, David

Lilley, Erastus
McCarty, Edson K.
McKenzie, Roswell
Nelson, Herbert S.
Noble, William S.
Osborn, Jerome
Parsons, Oscar N.
Perkins, John, Jr.
Phillips, Philip
Porter, James C.
Reed, James P.
Ross, Henry A.
Saxer, Martin
Schillinger, Joseph
Smith, Hiram, Jr.
Smith, Orpheus
Sorter, Alexander L.
Southworth, Henry Y.
Sperry, Amos
Sprague, William T.
Standeu, George
Stearns, Asher
Stearns, Cassius
Stearns, Henry E.
Stearns, Oscar D.
Steele, Henry
Stocking, Joseph, Jr.
Strope, Carroll C.
Taylor, Comfort B.
Townseud, George
Tuttle, Frederick
Underhill, Bloomer D.
Underbill, Charles L.
Upham, William R.
White, Joseph
Williams, Clark
Williams, Thomas
Winslow, Daniel
Wolf, Alfred
Wright, Albert

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ROLL OF HONOR.

166th. REGIMENT.

COMPANY B.

PRIVATES.
Arnett, Cyrus
Brown, Charles F.
Burden, James A.
Burden, Jacob
Burr, Charles E.
Davis, William C.
L,ee, Charles F.
Norton, Charles
Worthiugton, Benj.

169tti REGIMENT.

COMPANY C.

Woodbridge, John E., Corp.

177th REGIMENT.

FIELD AND STAFF.

Wilcox, Arthur T., Col.
Zimmerman, W. H., Lieut. Col.
Krieger, Ernest J., Maj.
Burrows, Sylvester S., Sur.
Bivans, W. A., Asst. Sur.
Edwards, Richard, Asst. Sur.
Huston, George B., Adj.
Ketchum, George C, Adj.
Raymond, J. W., Q. M.
Hitchcock, Henry V., Chaplain.
Norton, Herman G., Serg. Maj.
Wheelock, J. W., O. M. Serg.
Edwards, W. E., Com. Serg.
Abt, Erasmus E., Hosp. Stew.
Markt, Jacob, Mus.

COMPANY A.
Turner, William C, Capt.
Virgil, Henry J., ist Lieut.

Hamilton, A. J., 2d Lieut.
Needham, George E., ist Serg
DeLair, Arthur, Serg.
Dunbar, George E., Serg.
Duncan, George J., Serg.
Vose, Daniel, Serg.
Austin, Horace D., Corp.
Bowland, Hugh A., Corp.
Browning, Josiah, Corp.
Cooley, Newton N., Corp.
Cochran, Leonard H., Corp.
Ruggles, Charles S.; Corp.
Taylor, Torbert T., Corp.
Andrews, Frank M., Mus.
Rowell, Thomas G, Mus.

PRIVATES.

Adams, George
Ames, Freeland
Baldwin, Thomas J.
Beakle, Philo S.
Bingham, John
Bisnett, James
Brainard, George
Brainard, Joseph L.
Briggs, Oscar
Brock, Edward F.
Brooks, Freeman
Brooks, Samuel E.
Burroughs, Dorsey W.
Butler, William D.
Cannell, Emory G.
Chambers, Joseph
Chandler, John
Chase, Theodore G.
Cheney, Edmund
Cochran, Francis M.
Coe, Daniel L.
Cold, John F. G.
Cowin, Edward T.

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ROLL OF HONOR.

rII

Croll, Nicholas
Deasy, Patrick
Falor, Jonathan
Fickes, Silas G.
Fletcher, James
Flick, Daniel
Flick, Warren
Gannon, William
Gasser,John
Geiger, Conrad
Geiger, John J.
Gould, Henry M.
Harley, Russell B.
Hays, William
Helm, Henry
Hewitt, William
Holbrook, Eugene
Hoyt, Daniel W.
Isenhart, Isaac J.
Jackson, Philip C.
Jones, Samuel
Jones, William
Jones, William D.
Karr, Eliab
Keegan, Richard
Kellogg, Leslie H.
Kittredge, James R.
Long, Jacob L.
Long, Samuel K.
McDowell, James
McLean, William
McMillan, Jefferson J.
Mendell, George H.
Morse, James M.
North, Charles
Palmiter, Allen
Pease, Osceola R.
Perkins, Lafayette
Richards, Simeon
Rock, Henry A.

Rose, Henry
Roush, Thomas
Ruggles, Oscar B.
Selby, John
Seymour, William
Shaner, Russell M.
Shattuck, Francis R.
Shiffert, Allen
Shiffert, Amos
Shoemaker, Jacob
Smith, Samuel S.
Thomas, Daniel W.
Tollzein, Charles
Tyler, LaGrange
Waldeck, John L.
Wiggins, Charles B.
Wilcox, Eugene A.
Witter, Henry C.
Wright, William J.

COMPANY B.

Rogers, Isaac N., Capt.
Gates, Julian H., ist Lieut.
Hoffman, Frederick W., ist Serg.
Bestor, Thomas C, Serg.
Halsey, Charles H., Serg.
Mellen, Eben, Serg.
Sheldon, Parley, Jr., Serg.
Clemens, Ephraim, Corp.
Derthick, James W., Corp.
Jackson, Roswell, Corp.
Kestler, Joseph G., Corp.
Lewis, George, Corp.
Peck, Clarence M., Corp.
Sheets, John R., Corp.
Towl, John W., Corp.
Upson, Horace, Drummer.

PRIVATES.
Allen, Frank A.
Baker, Ira D.

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712

ROLL OF HONOR.

Bartholomew, Harvey
Beebe, Hiram
Belcore, Andrew
Bryant, Lyman
Burt, Irving H.
Burtis, Charles
Chadwick, Benj. B.
Clark, Rowley
Cogswell, Marion
Cottrell, Develly
Dailey, Isaac D.
Decker, Clark
Depuy, Harvey
Dodge, Francis M.
Durian, James
Elliott, Andrew
Ford, William E.
Foster, Joseph R.
Fuller, Sylvanus H.
Francis, John C.
Gillett, Lewis W.
Hadlock, Aaron
Hall, Henry
Hamlin, William B.
Haver, Charles F.
Hawkins, Albert
Heifer, George
Higgins, Elisha
Hoar, Wilbur S.
Hobday, John
Hooker, James W.
Hose, David D.
Hose, Isaac
Hubbell, Robert S.
Huber, Joseph
Hutchins, Newton
Jenkins, William
King, Hiram
Koch, Joseph
Krum, Mvron L.

Lane, William C.
Laroe, Alden
Lewis, Horace H.
Lewis, Mark
Lilley, Charles P.
Lindsey, John W.
Lippert, Henry
Mahoney, William H.
Nash, Charles P.
Orth, Jacob G.
Pike, Jefferson
Reames, Jonathan
Reilley, John
Rider, Ansil
Roberts, William R.
Round, John J.
Rugg, George W.
Sackson, Daniel
Sherman, Joseph L.
Shubert, Daniel
Sickles, William B.
Smith, Emanuel
Smith, Jeremiah
Smith, Thomas
Stillwell, James W.
Thompson, Hiram H.
Todd, Joshua P.
Tompkins, Jabez S.
Viall, Christopher C.
Wege, Conrad
Weis, Joseph
Wolgamot, Henry
Yax, John

COMPANY C.

PRIVATES.

Matthews, Daniel
Nelson, Walter J.

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*■■«

ROLL OF HONOR.

7I3

COMPANY D.
PRIVATES.
Carr, Franklin H.
Moulton, Jeremiah C.
Ryan, Peter

COMPANY E.
Case, Farringtou, Corp.
Oviatt, Joseph Q., Corp.

PRIVATES.
Ackley, James H.
Andrews, Andrew A.
Andrews, George L.
Bailey, Frank D.
Blodgett, Morris
Case, Emory
Dewey, Oliver E.
Freeman, Monroe
Flohrs, Henry
Flohrs, John
Hall, Ferris C.
Heather, Clinton B.
Heather, Spofford
Holcomb, Henry
Jones, Frank
Livingston, Henry
Martin, James
McNamara, Patrick
Oviatt, Lyman
Perrisville, Martin
Powers, Edwin
Reutter, William H.

COMPANY F.
McDowell, Charles J., Capt.
Rice, Henry J., ist Lieut.
Dow, Wilder B., 2d Lieut.
Elliott, Delos, ist Serg.

Eckert, Henry C, Serg.
Hollister, Henry A., Serg.
Richards, Frank O., Serg.
Root, Addison A., Serg.
Bentley, Thomas C, Corp.
Chamberlain, A., Corp.
Godfrey, Emmons J., Corp.
Hayes, Edward T., Corp.
Holloway, L. M., Corp.
McCormick, R., Corp.
Miner, William B., Corp.
Ralph, Isaac T., Corp.
Dean, Frank H., Mus.

PRIVATES.

Becker, Alvin E.
Bennett, James F.
Brock, Alphonso
Bryan, James
Chapman, George F.
Dancer, George W.
Dillory, Joseph
Earle, William
Fay, Romanzo
Fisher, Lewis
Gill, Henry C.
Green, Simon
Grey, Hugh
Griffin, Clark C.
Griswold, Russell E.
Grogan, James
Grubb, Henry A.
Hackney, Joseph M.
Harris, Joseph K.
Hellmer, Hammond
Hofmeister, Jacob
Hoskins, Julius
Hudson, John
Jefts, Harris L.
Kerr, August

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ROLL OF HONOR.

Knight, James F.
Ludick, Charles A.
Marsh, Shubal S.
Maxwell, Robert
McClarin, Alfred H.
McLaughlin, John
Miner, William B.
Multer, John E.
O'Connor, Daniel
Olcott, Abraham
Olcott, George H.
Onterkirk, Isaac
Peters, David
Rebber, Jacob G.
Reilly, John
Roggen, Edward P.
Romarie, Michael
Root, Lemuel
Rowley, Patrick
Rymers, Henry W.
Schneider, Jacob
Schrivens, James
Stearns, Charles W.
Terry, Henry
Throne, David
Treep, Albert
Treep, Samuel
Waldo, James H.
Warner, Hiram
Winn, Powhattan
Woodworth, Marcus M.

COMPANY G.

Baird, George, Corp.
Betz, Gabriel M., Corp.
Thurston, Alfred J., Corp.

PRIVATES.

Betz, John B.
Bragingtou, John

Cochran, Robert
Kennedy, Patrick
Osborn, Robert E.
Smith, Lyman F.
Skinner, Edwin E.

COMPANY H.

Tracy, Samuel J., Capt.
Poole, Edwin W., 1st Lieut.
Tremelin, Balthaser B., 2d Lieut.
Townsend, Chas. P., 1st Serg.
Andrew, Robert L., Serg.
Aver)', William H., Corp.
Davidson, Kenneth F., Corp.
Lamb, Andrew J., Corp.
Moore, John R., Corp.

privates.
Andrews, Angelo
Baird, Ebenezer J.
Barnett, Jacob T.
Barr, James E.
Barrett, George W.
Baughman, John
Beckley, Charles S.
Bently, Martin C.
Blackwood, George C.
Bolles, William
Bonesteele, David
Cackler, John
Carter, John E.
Churchill, Charles A.
Clark, Louis B.
Colvin, Aimer H.
Coy, Simon
Dotts, George H.
Dunwell, H. J.
Dustin, Harvey E.
Flohrs, William
Gilbert, Thomas

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ROLL OF HONOR.

715

Gillespie, Louis
Hall, Andrew J.
Hall, John D.
Halliwell, Absalom O.
Hewitt, Albert R.
Hogue, Robert
Jenkins, Edmund S.
Johnson, Chipman R.
Johnson, Joseph P. ,
Lamb, Orris P.
Mann, George
Markham, Orrin
Robinson, Lester
Stofer, Milton H.
Taylor, Vincent A.
Treap, Christian

COMPANY I.

Squire, George B., Capt.
Wire, Theodore B., 1st Lieut.
Kent, Silas H., 2d Lieut.
Bailey, George W., 1st Serg.
Binkley, Romans, Corp.
Morton, Luther, Corp.
Richmond, Edwin H., Corp.

PRIVATES.
Binkley, Melancton
Boday, Julius
Boday, Peter
Boyd, Hugh
Brown, John T.
Cochensparger, David
Faulkner, William H.
Faux, Martin V.
Hartnett, John
Hoffman, Washington
Irwin, John
Lemengon, Charles A.
Louden, Almon

Lutes, Samuel M.
Mellin, Elial T.
Overmire, Homer
Pomeroy, Ansel
Shover, Frederick
Tuttle, Austin
Wilson, Frederick

COMPANY K.
PRIVATES.

Batchelder, Charles W.
Belcher, Jerry
Brockett, Justus J.
Gillrnore, Joseph
Hartson, Alfred C.
Hull, Cloud
Mattocks, James
Rockwell, Horace

182d REGIMENT.
COMPANY K.
PRIVATE.
Heinsohn, William A.

183ci REGIMENT.
Clark, Mervin, Lieut. Col.

187tti REGIMENT.
Davis, Llewellyn R., Lieut. Col.

188tti REGIMENT.

Taylor, Perry C., Serg. Maj.
Zehner, D. W., Q. M. Serg.

COMPANY B.
McGrath.John H., Capt.
Sanger, George E., 1st Lieut.
Burton, Ransom D., 2d Lieut.
Miller, John T., 1st Serg.

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716

ROLL OF HONOR.

McLaughlin, James, Serg.
Stroud, Alonzo R., Serg.
Tibbitts, Charles, Serg.
Towner, David D., Serg.
Bailey, Moses W., Corp.
Mohr, Theodore, Corp.
Palmer, James C, Corp.
Parr, Stephen S., Corp.
Peschek, John, Corp.
Richmond, T. C, Corp.
Salisbury, William W., Corp.

PRIVATES.

Ackerman, John
Adams, Asa A.
Barber, William P.
Beales, William
Benjamin, Charles
Blackford, Henry
Bohn, David
Brake, Oliver
Brown, Charles
Burwell, Clemens
Butler, Frank
Cacklin, Perry
Chaffee, Jonathan R.
Chilson, Frederick R.
Clark, Luther M.
Cochler, Perry
Coughlan, Thomas M.
Couvrette, Frank
Dayton, Eli A.
Douttiel, Frederick J.
Dunning, William P.
Euker, Michael
Flowers, Ezekiel Y.
Freeman, D. H.
Gabe, John
Gardner, George
Gillett, David C.

Gillett, Jacob
Green, George
Hays, John
Heiuton, Robert H.
Holbrook, William H.
Humphrey, Fred R.
Johnson, Edward
Jones, William H.
Judd, Warren D.
Koerner, Casper
Kohl, Lewis
Kreher, Joseph
Love, Henry W.
Lyman, William O.
McCleaf, Joseph L.
McDaniel, David P.
Mack, Patrick
Malone, Henry
Mansfield, Fred A.
Martin, Bryan
McGue, Michael
Miller, John H.
Mooney, Thomas
Moser, John
Murphy, Urvau
Negler, Nicholas
Null, Henry
Ott, Adam
Paige, James H.
Palmer, Alanson
Parr, John H.
Patterson, Alexander
Perkins, Henry S.
Phile, Henry E.
Pletcher, Henry
Ray, George
Reid, Isaac N.
Richmond, Benj. F.
Rogers, Elijah
Schaad, Jacob

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Shea, John
Slusser, Alonzo S.
Smith, Benjamin F.
Stimmell, Martin D.
Thomas, A. D.
Towner, David D.
Triplett, William
Utter, John B.
Watson, William
Weeks, Joseph
Weick, Charles
Whitacre, Thomas
Williams, Edmond
Willyard, Philip
Wright, George W.
Wynkoop, Albert

COMPANY E.

Mcintosh, Alex., Capt.
Pickett, William, ist Lieut.
Baxter, Charles W., 2d Lieut.
Scott, Charles, ist Serg.
Blair, Henry L., Serg.
Frayer, Elisha, Serg.
Phinney, Edwin W., Serg.
Pollock, William J., Serg.
Hafer, Henry, Corp.
Hanlou, James P., Corp.
Husoug, Manson, Corp.
McClellau, Reuben, Corp.
Marshall, William, Corp.
Miner, Finamber G., Corp.
Miner, Vernell, Corp.
Odett, George, Corp.
Pfister, Lawrence, Corp.

PRIVATES.

Adams, Asa C.
Amann, John
Anderson, Louis

Berwick, Edward A.
Berwick, John
Berwick, John N.
Bradley, Francis W.
Brill, Cornwall M.
Burk, Patrick
Clark, Amos
Cullour, Daniel
Davis, John M.
Davis, Joseph
Dodsworth, Henry
Dorsh,John G.
Everett, George H.
Foller, Joseph
Foster, George C.
Gaylord, Stewart
Gregory, Giles
Greenfield, Porter
Hartman, William
Heudershot, Warren
Houck, William M.
Hudson, George L.
Hummell, Casper
Husong, James H.
Kirby, Joseph W.
Litzell, Conrad
McGraw, Andrew
McMahan, James
Morgan, Thomas A.
Pinker, Samuel
Quayle, William
Ridgeman, John W.
Ruple, Charles
Ruple, Dudley
Ruple, Harvey
Smith, Anthony
Stephens, Frederick
Valentine, John
Waters, Gurtin
Welch, Orlando B.

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7l8

ROLL OP HONOR.

Western, Sidney
Wheeler, William T.
Wolf, Jacob

COMPANY G.

Kennedy, John F., Capt.
Duty, Andrew W., 1st Lieut.
Voice, George W., 1st Lieut.
Sinclair, Sidney F., 2d Lieut.
Zenner, John P., 2d Lieut.
King, George, 1st Serg.
Brown, Jeremiah C, Serg.
Kick, Andrew, Serg.
Fraelier, Jacob, Serg.
Marks, Jacob, Serg.
Bohm, Henry E., Corp.
Dixon, James, Corp.
Graham, Alexander, Corp.
Rohrig, Henry, Corp.
Sanborn, Charles R., Corp.
Sullivan, Daniel, Corp.
Taylor, Robert C, Corp.
Warren, Frederick, Corp.

PRIVATES.

Becker, Henry J.
Bell, George
Bickford, Samuel
Bradbeer, Thomas
Breckenridge, H. C.
Brown, Joseph N.
Bump, Hiram
Burns, Henry J.
Cathcart, Joseph
Cragg, Thomas
Deeds, Darius
Edson, John G.
Ely, James
Ferguson, John A.
Fermenger, William

#^^^^g#

Foster, Henry
Foster, Rufus
Fritzsche, Alfred L.
Gaines, Calvin
Gehringer, John
Gillespie, Patrick
Gimmy, Peter
Herrington, John
Hofrichter, George
Jacobs, Thomas J.
Leonard, Henry D.
Lane, John
Lyman, Charles W.
Morrison, Allen
Myers, William H.
Ottinger, Adam
Probeck, Philip J.
Richardson, Michael
Ruser, John
Schraner, John
Side, Charles
Vradenburg, Charles
Wright, Henry

COMPANY I.
Hoffman, John H., 2d Lieut.

189th REQIIVIErvIT

COMPANY F.

Heckler, John B., Corp.
Weizmann, Frederick, Corp.
Wilbur, William, Corp.

PRIVATES.

Gallagher, Michael
Wilbur, Matthew

191st REGIMENT.
Kimberly, Robert L., Col.

*1«

ROLL OF HONOR.

7J9

193d REGIMENT.

COMPANY I.

Russell, Charles W., Capt.
ShafFer, John A., ist Lieut.
Hotelling, A. M., 2d Lieut.
Neagle, William C, ist Serg.
Bull, Charles H., Serg.
Langell, Benjamin, Serg.
Morris, George C, Serg.
Watson, John C, Serg.
Britton, Benjamin, Corp.
Hamilton, Henry G., Corp.
McGregor, James, Corp.
Minahan, Cornelius, Corp.
Roadhouse, Henry, Corp.
Ross, John R., Corp.
Twitchell, Lorenzo W., Corp.
Williams, George W., Corp.

PRIVATES.
Aiken, George W.
Alday, William
Aust, Rody
Ball, Warren
Barrett, Phillip M.
Beardsley, George H.
Bennett, James
Bohl, John G.
Boney, Jacob
Brant, Augustus
Brush, Perley
Cannady, R. S.
Carlisle, Robert H.
Chapin, Willard H.
Clark, Sylvanus
Colyer, Charles
Cummings, James
Davis, Jacob M.
Day, Amzi J.
Decker, Frank D.

Eaton, George W.
Eilar, John
Ettinger, Elias
Fike, Jacob
Goetz, John G.
Gray, Joseph
Green, James T.
Hadley, William G.
Hagerling, George
Halligan, John
Hamilton, Dodge
Hardy, James
Harris, Peter
Hart, Isaac
Hastings, James T.
Haymaker, James A.
Hemler, James H.
Hess, John P.
Hopkins, Charles
Horton, James T.
Jenkins, Edward
Jenkins, William
Kaber, Gottlieb
Keneley, Daniel
Lewis, Elmore J.
Love, Benjamin F.
Maule, Lewis
McCormick, Robert
McKone, William
McKenna, John
Meyer, Nicholas
Miller, Charles
Miser, John F.
Morgan, William
Morris, Warren
Nichols, Reuben
Oberley, Charles L.
Perew, John
Pierce, Charles
Ouinn, Patrick H.

»]«
T

Reis, Nicholas
Rhiuehart, Solomon
Rosecrans, Day
Roush, Henry H.
Rudy, George W.
Russell, Johnson
Senghas, Frederick C.
Shafer, Abraham
Shafer, David
Sherman, John
Smith, Eugene D.
Smith, James
Snowball, Sebastian H.
Strong, George
Sweeney, John
Thompson, Andrew
Thompson, Wm. K.
Turner, Lewis
Wagner, Henry
Weber, Isaac
Willard, Charles

194:tti REGIMENT

COMPANY F.

Sims, William, Capt.
Hanscomb, E. K., ist Lieut.
Burnharn, Frank H., 2d Lieut.
Arnott, James, Serg.
Keiser, George, Serg.
Nolan, John, Serg.
Dailey, Charles, Corp.
McKenzie, Roswell, Corp.
Neff, Henry, Corp.
Perrin, Abram, Corp.
Wells, Charles K., Corp.
Wheeler, Edward, Corp.
Wright, John J., Corp.

PRIVATES.
Beardling, George

HONOR.

Bigelow, David G.
Boah, Adam
Boyer, John
Brady, Edward
Bryce, Chauncey E.
Chambers, John
Cherry, Corydon
Cochran, Henry C.
Cole, Manly
Cummings, John
Graif, John
Grimm, Gottfried
Hoch, Philip
Hollinger, Henry
Hulbert, Edward
Hurd, George W.
Kallaker, Jacob
Kindler, John
Koehl, Jacob
Kuntz, Philip
Matthews, William G.
Meyer, Jacob
Milliman, Nicholas
Neff, John S.
Nickel, John
Paul, Perry
Pettingill, George
Pitkin, Daniel
Rodig, Albert
Roth, Gottlieb
Schneider, Morris
Schwab, Daniel
Schwab, Frederick
Stokes, George
Sweeney, Patrick
Thompson, Martin
Wagner, Conrad

195th REGIMENT.

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ROLL OF HONOR.

721

COMPANY K.

Vaillant, Edward, Capt.
Ball, George A., 1st Lieut.
Hering, Andrew J., 2d Lieut.
Chapman, James D., Serg.
Conkey, Joseph, Serg.
Foster, Nathaniel G., Serg.
Gayer, Henry, Serg.
Cook, Charles, Corp.
Miller, Jacob A., Corp.
Montague, George, Corp.
Ryan, James C, Corp.
Thomas, Monroe D., Corp.

PRIVATES.

Askew, George
Babbitt, John J.
Beardsley, Lester C.
Behan, Michael
Eighmy, Nicholas P.
Fay, Frederick
Gates, Henry
George, Benjamin F.
Green, Michael
Gowan, Thomas
Higgins, Alfred B.
Higgins, Charles N.
Higgins, Charles T.
Higgins, Smith A.
Jaite, Robert
Kirk, Franklin J.
Lewis, Burnett
Little, Theodore
Manny, Michael
Messer, Henry M.
Mount, Seeley P.
Neville, John J.
Reader, Charles E.
Ryan, John A.

Sherman, Albert S.
Simmons, John
Skeels, Frederick A.
Soule, Nathan
Soule, Theron C.
Stiver, Frank B.
Thomas, Fayette L.
Turcott, Levi
Wright, Peter S.
Zimmer, William F.

196th REGIMENT.
Coe, Eben S., Lieut. Col.

COMPANY H.
Allerton, Enoch, Corp.
Inman, John H., Corp.

PRIVATES.

Colton, John
Ernst, Anthony
Houck, Philip
Miller, George W.
Schwemler, Adam
Wilcox, William A.

19Tttr REGIMENT.

Barber, Gershom M., Lieut. Col.
Pease, George W., Asst. Sur.

COMPANY D.

Hubbard, William, Corp.

PRIVATE.

Hogan, John

COMPANY F.

Jones, Harry W., 1st Lieut.
Black, Jeremiah B., Serg.
Norton, Spencer C, Corp.
Owen, John, Corp.
Wadsworth, G. W., Corp.

i
39

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ROLL OF HOXOR.

PRIVATES.
Adams, Eugene
Baker, Joseph R.
Barney, Lemuel H.
Booth, Wesley
Cullen, James
Davis, Wallace C.
Duuwell, Henry
Epple, Michael
Evans, David
Farren, Stephen
Herberger, Franz
Hovvlsworth, Jacob
Ketchum, George W.
Kingsbury, Smith
Kirchuer, Thomas
Larish, Charles
Lillie, William
Manly, S. E.
Martin, Ephraim J.
McDermott, Thomas
Moore, John M.
Morgan, George C.
Neumour, Bartholomew
Pelton, Bradley
Peterson, Karl
Pawlett, David
Renscher, Michael
Reichler, Gustav
Schacterle, John
Sharpcott, Henry
Simmonds, Oscar
Vaupell, Henry
Worthele, Karl

COMPANY K.
PRIVATES.

Bellinger, Charles H.
Jennings, Eli M.

Shafer, George
Streator, Nicholas

198th REGIMENT.

COMPANY B.

Raynor, A. J., 1st Lieut.

PRIVATES.
Brooks, John H.
Carr, Calvin C.
Coss, John
Fitzwater, John A.
Iuman, Sharon P.
Kelley, Thomas
McCrary, David H.
McGee, Patrick
Ray, Benjamin F.
Roberts, Henry
Samson, John Q. A.
Smith, William N.
Stebbins, Miuot

COMPANY D.

Prentiss, Perry, Capt.
Woodward, Ed. J., 1st Lieut.
Mandeville, J. D. W., 2d Lieut.

PRIVATES.
Bailey, Edwin M.
Baisch, Adam
Bosley, Byron H.
Pusch, Conrad
Curphey, Robert
Dunn, John
Dyson, William R.
Fritz, John
Hacker, Frederick
Hamlin, James
Hawkins, James
Hellmer, John

*?2

2
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*{*

.»*'«*

»:*

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ROLL OF HONOR

1
I

Hepburn, Willis M.
Keller, Martin L.
Kincaide, James H.
Koneman, Henry
Meyer, William
Mugridge, William H.
Newhall, Hart
Nichols, James P.
O'Connor, James
Price, William
Schloman, Henry
Schring, Alfred
Schwab, Charles
Schwartz, Christian
Towner, Charles D.
Wagner, John
Walmser, Conrad
Werkmeister, Charles
Whitworth, John
Zimmerman, John

COMPANY H.

PRIVATES.

Brainard, Tyler W.
Cushmau, Harmon

SHARPSHOOTERS.

FIFTH COMPANY.

Barber, Gershom M., Capt.
Rickard, Jonathan, ist Lieut.
Somers, Franklin H., ist Lieut.
Watson, William N., ist Lieut.
Lemon, William C, 2d Lieut.
Stearns, William L., Serg.
Abell, Luke, Corp.
Nokes, John C, Corp.
Thompson, Edward P., Corp.

PRIVATES.

Adams, Edward N.
Beebe, George E.
Blakeslee, George A.
Canniff, George B.
Canniff, Simeon S.
Chavalia, Mark J.
Clarke, Joseph A.
Corey, Charles H.
Downe}-, Sidney
Drake, Truman
Glines, Charles
Hackett, Lafrancis E.
Housman, Henry H.
Housman, Upton
James, William
Johnston, William
Joiner, Joseph R.
Lay, Samuel
Lewis, Elisha
Lewis, George
Locke, Thomas
Marble, Sullivan S.
Markee, George W.
Merritt, Oscar
Miller, George W.
Miller, Harvey T.
Newton, George W.
Perisker, Lewis
Pratt, Artemus
Pratt, Ephraim
Reeves, Herman M.
Seaton, Joel
Shied, John F.
Smith, Michael C.
Stockman, Morris J.
Torry, Gilbert
Ward, Nicholas H.
Waring, William B.
Williams, William E.

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724

SIXTH COMPANY.

PRIVATES.

English, Robert
Fockler, Simon
Peisker, Louis

SEVENTH COMPANY.

Tisdale, Hiram, Serg.
Morgan, George W., Corp.
Smith, Patrick, Corp.

PRIVATES.

Black, John
Bowles, James
Canfield, Frank
Deselmo, Thomas B.
Durand, Ira E.
Miller, Thomas J.
Nicholas, David J.
Sanders, James R.
Stephens, Frank
Ward, Martin S.
Wray, Samuel

REGULAR ARMY.
Second United States

PRIVATE.

McAfee, Daniel

Fifth United. States.
COMPANY I.

PRIVATE.
Droz, Louis H.

Seventh United
States

COMPANY A.

PRIVATES.
Hardy, William
Kinsell, Bartholomew

COMPANY E.

PRIVATES.

Decker, John M.
Fredericks, Charles
McEnneny, Michael
Missar, Charles

Eighth United States.

Ryan, John J., Corp., Mus.
Conners, Charles, Mus.
Dempsey, Philip A., Mus.
Kent, James A., Mus.

COMPANY A.
Holden, R. T, Bugler.

COMPANY D.

PRIVATE.

Lewis, S. A.
Tenth United States.

PRIVATES.
Fisher, John W.
Lapp, Andrew
Patten, Edward H.
Schweisel, John
Sherman, John W.

Eleventh United
States.

Tucker, Patrick, Serg.

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PRIVATES.

Harris, John A.
Mott, William A.

COMPANY K.

Burke, John, Corp.

PRIVATES.

Bennett, Ransom
Bowman, John
Jackson, John
Jackson, Lewis
Johnson, George
Simpson, John
Sley, William

'2 7th Regiment.
Jones, A. G., 1st Lieut.

COMPANY D.
Bartlett, Frederick J., Capt.

-48th. Regiment.
Hughes, John W., Asst. Sur.

lOSth Regiment.

COMPANY H.
Cowiu, John C, Capt.

Miscellaneous.

(Comrades out of Count)- at time
of enlistment.)

1st Michigan.

COMPANY A.

PRIVATES.

Pate, William, Jr.
Pate, William, Sr.
Tomlinsou, Charles

COMPANY D.
PRIVATE.

Conant, H. S.

COMPANY I.
Partridge, Edward, 1st Serg.

-4th Michigan Band. <Ks

i
Dreher, Anthony

Hefele,J.

Heine, Paul

Juughaus, Charles

Plodeck, Paul

Strang, Edward

11th Indiana.
COMPANY A.

PRIVATE.

Williams, Albert J.

23d Illinois.

COMPANY A.

PRIVATE.
Buckley, John

102d New York.
Francisco, John W., Adj.

^¥m^00^^^0^^mm^

ROLL OF HONOR.

117th. New York.

PRIVATE.

Croft, Stephen H.

1st Virginia.
COMPANY I.
Garvey, John, Lieut.

loOth Pennsylvania.

PRIVATE.

Flick, Charles

Gen. Hazen's Brigade
Band..

Curran, Henry
Humm, Ed.
Hart, Salem A., Jr.
Hart, Salem A., Sr.
Hartman, Friederick W.
Hartman, William
Hohlfelder, Fred.
McMeany, William
Seibel, Henry
Shehan, John
Stackhouse, Charles

*4«

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ADDITIONS.

[Names sent in after Roster was compiled.]

72d Ohio Regiment.

COMPANY A.

PRIVATES.

Forbes, Carlos
Forbes, Theodore

COMPANY B.
PRIVATES.

Binkley, Christian
Carter, John H. H.
Carmody, Roger
Lynch, Michael
Maurer, Aaron
Maurer, George W.

Maurer, Jesse
Maurer, Samuel

COMPANY D.

PRIVATE.
Johnson, John

COMPANY E.

PRIVATE.
Madden, James M.

COMPANY H.

PRIVATES.
Demming, John
Leader, Julius
Nagle, Nicholas
Scholman, H.

* * ^Ofci'Tf^VW

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IS*53

727B

ARTILLERY.

1st Regiment Cleveland. Volunteer Light.

FIELD AND STAFF.

Barnett, James, Col.
Sturgess, Stephen B., Lieut. Col.
Gates, Clark S., Major.
Sterling, Elisha, Surgeon.
Standart, William E., Adj.
Townsend, Amos, Q. M.
Crawford, Randall, Q. M. Serg.

BATTERY A.

Simmonds, William R., Capt.
Bennett, John A., 1st Serg.
Cowdery, Samuel M., Serg.
Thompson, Thomas J., Corp.
Cornell, M. Eugene, Corp.
Willis, James, Mus.

privates.
Anson, Edward P.
Bailey, Amariah
Benjamin, John A.
Blair, John H.
Brewster, George
Camp, William M.
Clark, George W.
Cramer, Isaac C.
Dunn, Joseph
Dunn, Richard
Kelley, John J.
Milton, John R.
Moels, Henry
New, Henry
Rebbeck, Henry H.
Reynolds, Daniel
Sypher, J. Hale
Throup, David H.

Throup, Roger D.
Worley, John G.

BATTERY B.

Mack, John G., Capt.
Ruder, Jacob, 1st Lieut.
Gruninger, Frederick C,

Serg.
Adams, Matthias, Corp.
Rodder, Charles B., Corp.

PRIVATES.

Beckel, Frederick
Chapin, George
Dawmann, Joseph
Ebert, William
Erhart, Alexander
Fahrion, Lewis
Fenfil, Christian
Fisher, Louis
Fredericks, Abraham
Gallagher, John
Gruninger, Charles
Kustner, George
Lucas, Michael
Mauzelman, Adolph
Nerriter, Leonard
Nickel, Lorenze
Reidenbach, Peter
Scheuer, Daniel
Schoemer, Michael
Weidenkopf, Nicholas
Worley, Andrew

BATTERY C.

Pelton, Frederick W., Capt.
Sears, Samuel, 1st Lieut.

1st

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728

ROLL OF HONOR.

Pelton, Francis S., 1st Serg.
Schneider, Peter C, Corp.
Brainard, John C, Corp.

PRIVATES.

Allen, Edward S.
Boyden, John H.
Brainard, Edward S.
Chaffee, Comfort
Davis, George R.
Dean, Charles M.
Dunbar, Homer
Fish, Abel
Fish, Henry
Fish, Levi
Fish, William
Grotzinger, William
Hand, James L.
Hone, Alexander
Llewellyn, William
Lyon, George
Marcellus, Charles E.
Roberts, Henry
Schmehl, George
Storer, Frank S.
Wirth, Frederick W.

BATTERY D.

Rice, Percy W., Capt.
Miller, James H., 1st Lieut.
Reeve, Edwin F., 1st Serg.
Baldwin, Norman A., Corp.
Hilliard, William H., Corp.

PRIVATES.

Champlin, William A.
Crawford, George W.
Davis, Daniel S.
Edgarton, Warren P.
Gardner, Orlando S.

Harbeck, John S.

Kidd, William

Killam, Simon W.

Marshall, Alexander, Jr.

Murray, George E.

*:*

Orland, Harry

Rice, Charles H.

Shields, Joseph C.

Smith, Robertson
Sterling, James A.

Thatcher, Lorenzo W.

Tillotson, George W.

Vincent, Henry G.

Wilson, Frank

BATTERY E.

Heckman, Louis, Capt.

Houck, J. Jacob, 1st Lieut.
Roth, Henry, 1st Serg.
Heckman, Valentine, Corp.
Smithnight, Louis, Corp.

PRIVATES.
Bommhardt, Jacob
Bruehler, George
Eshenbrenner, George
Hartman, Hermann
Herig, Charles
Kugler, George
Payson, George W.
Riegler, Albert
Schmidt, Gerhardt
Schwendner, Conrad
Sehrt, William
Smith, Jacob
Thaller, Frank
Trumpy, Henry
Wetzel, Frederick
Wolf, George
Zeller, John A.

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ARTILLERY.

1st Regiment Ohio Volunteer Light.

FIELD AND STAFF.

Barnett, James, Col. and Brig.

Gen.
Hayward, William H., Lieut. Col.
Lawrence, Walter E., Lieut. Col.
Edgarton, Warren P., Maj.
Goodspeed, Wilbur F., Maj.
Race, Seymour, Maj.
Ames, Charles E., Asst. Sur.
Bartlett, Thomas M., Adj.
Miller, James H., Adj.
Randall, Charles H., Adj.
Day, Roland G., Q. M.
Howe, George W., Q. M.
Oakley, Thomas H., Chap.
Edwards, Edward J., Serg. Maj.
Gates, Clark S., Serg. Maj.
Kraeger, P., Q. M. Serg.
McCauley, John, O. M. Serg.
Newberry, G. B., Q. M. Serg.
Watson, J. M., Q. M. Serg.
Hessler, Emery M., Hosp. Stew.
Oakley, John H., Hosp. Stew.
Spenzer, Peter I., Hosp. Stew.

REGIMENTAL BAND.

Sargeant, B. F., Leader.
Akins, Alonzo B.
Eastman, William H.
Edgarton, Sardis
Hamlin, Andrew F.
Heffelman, G. H.
Heffelman, J. B.
Pixley, Owen
Waltz, Anthony
Waltz, Curtis D.
Waltz, Isaac
Waltz, Israel
Waltz, Jacob
Waltz, William
Williamson, John A.
Williamson, Robert
Willis, James

BATTERY A.

Scovill, Charles W., Capt.
Treat, Samuel W., ist Lieut.
Grant, Henry C, 2d Lieut.
Riegler, Albert, 2d Lieut.
Blush, Leverett C, Serg.

« .

fit

73°

ROLL OF HONOR.

i
1

Gillson, Joseph W., Serg.
Hewitt, George B., Serg.
Wirth, Frederick W., Serg.
Barr, James A., Corp.
Billings, Charles A., Corp.
Chaffee, Comfort E., Corp.
Fish, William, Corp.
Rhoades, Oliver F., Corp.
Stedman, William W., Bugler.

PRIVATES.

Adams, Frederick H.
Allen, Sherman J.
Barr, Henry T.
Barr, J. H. D.
Barrows, Walter H.
Beckwith, Thomas D.
Bradley, Henry G.
Brown, Francis W.
Brown, Henry E.
Brunner, William
Campbell, Charles
Coburu, M. A.
Corlis, Hazen J.
Cornell, Eugene M.
Creighton, Jereboam B.
Cummings, Cyrus
Davis, James J.
Dunbar, Homer K.
Fessendeu, H. C.
Fisher, George D.
Goodsell, Charles
Grey, Varnum R.
Holcomb, Albert
Holcomb, P. W.
Holloway, Joshua
Honeywell, Ezra S.
Honeywell, John H.
Jackson, Thomas
Mason, Nathan G.

McKee, James T.
Meyer, Jacob
Meyer, John
Perry, Henry
Riuear, Harmon M.
Sausman, Andrew L.
Sherwood, Allen
Smith, Ozias C.
Stearns, George N.
Stough, Silas E.
Sutton, E. P.
Thatcher, L. W.
Tidd, Henry H.
Tupper, Albert H.
Tupper, Howard C.
Van Ornum, Arra L.
Wass, George
Wilson, Albert E.
Wolf, Alonzo
Wooster, Matthias

BATTERY B.

Baldwin, Norman A., Capt.
Standart, William E., Capt.
Chase, Charles F., 2d Lieut.
Eldridge, George D., 2d Lieut.
Hill, James H., 2d Lieut.
Kelley, John J., 2d Lieut.
Lankester, Joseph G., 2d Lieut.
Throup, David H., 2d Lieut.
Thompson, Thomas J., 1st Serg.
Adams, Alonzo B., Serg.
Blair, John H., Serg.
Fahrion, Lewis, Serg.
Moats, Henry, Serg.
Payson, George W., Serg.
Quilliams, William T., Serg.
Schmidt, Gerhardt, Serg.
Adams, John Q., Corp.
Hamlin, Dwight N., Corp.

iSF^

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ROLL OF HONOR.

731

©w

Richmond, Lyman B., Corp.
Schroh, Nicholas, Corp.
Humm, Charles E., Bugler.
Willis, James, Bugler.

PRIVATES.

Abbott, Charles
Abbott, William
Avery, Robert S.
Axford, Joseph
Bauer, Frank
Bayard, Thomas K.
Beers, John P.
Bluim, Jacob
Broa, William
Burton, Albert
Campbell, George
Campbell, Orville
Cardie, William
Carter, Francis
Case, Reason B.
Chapman, Edward W.
Chapman, William H.
Chester, Edwin
Cole, Martin B.
Cole, Orlando D.
Cole, Samuel B.
Cole, Sardis S.
Coukey, Albert B.
Crittenden, Newton
Curry, William
Cutter, Orlando P.
Day, Joseph A.
Dietrich, Frank
Dodd, Thomas
Dye, George W.
Ebert, Charles
Fahrion, Albert
Fisher, Balthasar
Flick, Frederick H.

Fowler, Charles E.
Francis, John
Freeman, William
French, Alfred
French, John
Gage, Milo S.
Gaffey, Thomas
Gardner, Silas A.
Gause, John H.
Graham, Robert S.
Grant, John
Grant, William
Green, Fayette
Guilford, Charles G.
Hastings, Frank
Hathaway, James

Hayden, Charles L.

Heller, Charles

Holcomb, Charles

Holcomb, George O.

Holcomb, Percival

Holcomb, Thomas J.

Hougeland, Byron

Howe, William C.

Hudson, Thomas J.

Ives, Andrew H.
Jabott, Joseph

Kain, Albert G.

Kauffman, Nicholas

Kelley, Patrick

Koch, Conrad

Krebs, Joshua B.

Lee, Alonzo D.

Llewellyn, William

Long, Henry

Luster, George

Lyons, Chauncey

Mace, Henry

Manary, Alexander

Manning, Peter

■^^0^m^0

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732

ROLL OF HONOR.

-** +

Marks, Thomas
Matthews, Ira H.
McCowen, Henry
Mcllrath, Cassius C.
McKinty, John
McMillan, P.
Meyers, Henry
Miller, Richard
Millman, Frank X.
Nagle, George
Nagle, Lawrence
Newcomb, William
Obrock, Henry
Overy, George W.
Pease, Royal E.
Pfaff, Matthias
Radder, Charles B.
Reading, George
Richmond, Lester J.
Rosborough, James A.
Ruf, Peter
Ruple, Samuel B.
Sawtell, Levi L.
Smith, Charles L.
Snyder, John
Stroup, Erastus H.
Teachout, Bradford
Teufel, Christian
Troy, Dennis
Tanney, Francilian L.
Twerell, William
Valentine, Cyrus B.
Walters, George
Welstead, John
White, Alonzo
White, Daniel
White, Theodore
Wilson, George
Wilson, James P.
Wilson, Peter

*4 irm-wzmz&es* *

Wolf, Jacob
Wright, Eli

BATTERY C.
Storer, James, 2d Lieut.

PRIVATES.

Allen, Robert H.
Allen, Thomas L.
Blood, Zachariah
Brown, Harvey
Burdick, Harry
Carmichael, John S.
Coffin, Charles H.
Crary, Albert D.
Crary, Charles C.
Cunningham, James
Dickens, Fayette
Farley, Henry
Farley, William
Gilbert, Darius A.
Green, Samuel W.
Hayward, William
Haywood, Harmon B.
Hemmingway, Chas. E.
Hickox, George
Hill, Daniel D.
Hill, Orlando
Johnson, Andrew C.
Knight, T. Spencer
Kriedler, Hanson
Long, Jesse
Mallory, George
Mallory, M. O.
Mallory, Silas
Mallory, Wm. H. H.
McCarty, Thomas
McLaughlin, Daniel
Mitchell, John
Mitchell, William
Morse, Fred H.

# <& u ■» ft y * * fc

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^#^*%^y?^

Morse, John H.
O'Malley, Silas
Palmer, Melvin R.
Parsons, Stephen J.
Proctor, Edward
Robbins, Henry F.
Robinson, Clay
Saunders, William H.
Sawyer, George D.
Stafford, Jonathan
Stalker, Norman H.
Storm, Ransom
Stowe, Howard W.
Sweet, Charles
Sweet, Daniel
Sweet, Nelson S.
Thomas, Alexander
Troop, Oscar
Wattles, Frank
Wilcox, George
Winterstein, Allen
Winterstein, George P.
Winterstein, Peter C.

BATTERY D.

Edwards, Albert, 1st Lieut.
Porter, Lemuel R., ist Lieut.
Vincent, Henry G., ist Lieut.
Camp, William M., 2d Lieut.
Lloyd, Henry C, 2d Lieut.
Ransom, Moses Y., 2d Lieut.
Linehan, Cornelius, ist Serg.
Newberry, George B., Serg.
Bender, Martin J., Corp.
Poe, Andrew A., Corp.
Waite, Fulton, Corp.
Watson, David R., Corp.

PRIVATES.

Adams, John F.

ROLL OF HONOR.

Bell, Edwin
Blakesley, George
Born, Frederick W.
Cavener, Peter
Coughlin, John
Crane, Edward
Cumberworth, William
Curtiss, Charles E.
Curtiss, George W.
Curtiss, Henry
Demaline, George W.
Doane, Edwin W.
Ellsler, Frederick
Evans, Charles E.
Farrell, Michael
Gale, Martin, Jr.
Gaylord, Samuel
Gaylord, Truman C.
Gaylord, William N.
Goss, Warren H.
Hendershott, Casper A.
Hoadley, Burton J.
Holmes, Thomas B.
Hoyt, Edwin
James, George A.
Kidney, Jared V.
Killip, William
King, Chester
King, John G.
Koch, Herman
Lovell, George
Lovell, Philip
Macken, James
Moe, Frederick
Mooney, Daniel
Newell, Milford N.
Owen, Christian
Phillips, Henry L.
Pritchard, Edward T.
Root, Frank M.

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Sangster, James
Savage, Watson D.
Siding, Martin
Silsby, Myron
Silsby, Sylvester
Southwood, James
Spink, Fred U.
Stearns, Charles H.
Tompkins, Daniel A.
Usher, Luke
Whitney, James W.

BATTERY E.
Ransom, Albert G., Capt.
Hauck, Jacob J., 1st Lieut.
Sturges, Eben P., 1st Lieut.
Northrop, Wm. W., 2nd Lieut.
Dewey, Joshua W., Serg.
Gardner, Philander B., Serg.
Heckman, Valentine, Serg.
Strong, Elijah M., Serg.
Chapman, A. N., Corp.
French, Philo, Corp.
Frost, Francis M., Corp.
Hixon, John M., Corp.
Jeffrey, Francis, Corp.
Luce, John W., Corp.
Root, Francis J., Corp.
West, Henry O., Corp.
PRIVATES.

Ault, Valentine H.
Balcil, John A.
Bark, Charles
Beiser, August
Berwick, Thomas S.
Bond, George
Brown, Edwin B.
Brown, Wellington F.
Burrell, John E.
Carman, Wm. H.

Carman, George F.
Carman, William
Claflin, Edmund
Coates, Ashbel W.
Davis, William O.
Desuoyers, Jerome
Emerson, Oliver S.
Fowles, Abram
Frost, Charles E.
Fulton, William
Furness, Charles
Furness, Nathaniel
Geary, Richard
Gleason, Edgar
Gordon, Samuel
Gott, Henry A.
Harrington, Nath. B.
Hart, John
Hier, Andrew J.
Holden, William D.
Hoover, Joseph
James, David
James, George B.
Laughliu, William H
Law, Rufus H.
Lowery, Joseph
Mason, George W.
McKeen, Richard
McKenzie, Cyrus P.
Miller, Truman D.
Nugent, Patrick
Parrish, Stephen M.
Poole, Charles E.
Rockwood, Robert
Savoy, Joseph
Seavers, Anton
Shaffer, David
Simpson, William S.
Slocum, John S.
Smith, Edward H.

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ROLL OF HONOR.

735

Smith, John M.
Smith, Kellum
Stacey, George H.
Stroud, Thomas
West, Slater
West, Walter
Westerman, Jacob
Wheelock, John
Yamans, William

BATTERY F.

PRIVATES.
Bound, Joseph
Brown, Harry
Hall, George
Hosie, James W.
Joiner, Lafayette
Lee, William
Lloyd, James J.
Mason, Thomas
Montague, Terrence
Stackhouse, Chas. A.

BATTERY G.

Bartlett, Joseph, Capt.
Marshall, Alex., Capt.
Bills, George W., ist Lieut.
Crable, John, ist Lieut.
Floyd, Thomas C, ist Lieut.
Grant, Henry C, ist Lieut.
Newell, Nathaniel M., ist Lieut
Whittlesey, Robert D., ist Lieut
Edgerton, Frank W., 2nd Lieut
Mitchell, Milton A., 2nd Lieut.
Smith, William W., 2nd Lieut.
Riddle, Clarence L., ist Serg.
Kreager, Phillip, Q. M. Serg.
Carter, William S., Serg.
Clark, Harmon J., Serg.
Farwell, Henry J., Serg.

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Kimball, Almon, Serg.
Marshall, John, Serg.
Moore, George E , Serg.
Murphy, John, Serg.
Sheldon, Dwight J., Serg.
Taft, Edwin N., Serg.
Walker, William, Serg.
White, John, Serg.
Wright, David W., Serg.
Allen, Daniel, Corp.
Bieber, Jacob, Corp.
Boles, Oscar A., Corp.
Case, Frank, Corp.
Clague, Henry C, Corp.
Clark, Harmon J., Corp.
Clinton, Alex. M., Corp.
Clinton, James H., Corp.
Fish, Daniel, Corp.
Haynes, William, Corp.
Hicks, Thomas, Corp.
Hirt, Henry, Corp.
House, James W., Corp.
Kirby, James, Corp.
Lauter, Michael, Corp.
Lloyd, James, Sr., Corp.
Lucas, John G, Corp.
Martin, Benjamin C, Corp.
Rathbun, Dewitt G., Corp.
Rausbottom, William, Corp.
Roberts, Hazen L., Corp.
Speddy, Joseph, Corp.
Straight, Henry P., Corp.
Taft, William H., Corp.
Thomas, Julius C, Corp.
Vrooman, Fred, Corp.
Waters, Chandler, Corp.
Whitehead, William, Corp.
Denning, Jasper, Bugler.
Merrill, Daniel W., Bugler.
Zimmerman, Aloes, Bugler.

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ROLL OF HONOR.

PRIVATES.

Aiken, Charles
Alcorn, Nelson
Anderson, Peter
Barnett, Henry H.
Bartlett, H. H.
Bartlett, John P.
Beckwith, Lucien
Belden, Albert N.
Berry, Judson C.
Beverstook, Ed. B.
Bishop, Albert
Black, Abner
Blanchard, John
Bonner, Harry
Borland, Daniel
Bowers, George
Bowles, Samuel
Bradley, John
Brakeman, Albert J.
Brennan, Martin
Bresson, Alexander
Brigham, Samuel
Brogan, John
Brown, John H.
Burke, Patrick (No. i)
Burke, Patrick (No. 2)
Burrows, Thomas
Bushnell, David
Calhoun, Charles A.
Camp, David
Canfield, Orrin S.
Carothers, William H.
Cartwright, John
Cash, Adam
Cash, Henry
Cleveland, Norman
Cline, Henry
Cline, John
Clinton, John M.

Cook, Henry
Cooley, Carlos S.
Cooley, Loren
Cox, Daniel
Cox, George B.
Cramer, Jacob T.
Crandall, James
Crosier, Adelbert (No. 1)
Crosier, Adelbert (No. 2)
Dallas, Simon
Darling, William F.
Davenport, Ziba S.
Davidson, Walter H.
Day, George
Dayton, Riley
Denning, Jasper
Doherty, John
Downing, Freeman C.
Duty, William
Earl, William H.
Eddy, Luke D.
Elliott, Richard S.
Fenton, John L. A.
Fife, James W.
Fish, James
Fisher, Benjamin
Fovargue, Creasy
France, Wash. W.
Frazier, William
Gaffney, James
Gender, Charles W.
Goodchild, John
Gould, William
Griswold, Alex. H.
Hackney, Adenah
Hackney, James C.
Hall, Arlington P.
Hamblin, Martin H.
Hard, Benjamin
Harlow, William

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Harrington, Elijah
Harrington, M. C.
Hermann, Casper
Hopkins, James W.
Hosmer, Oscar L.
Hougeland, Charles
Hudson, Sheldon C.
Hungerford, Alfred G
Hunter, Frank
Hutchinson, Johnson
Johnston, David
Jones, Edwin
Jones, Harvey R.
Jones, William
Kaiser, Gustav
Keener, Martin
Kelley, James
Kelley, John
Kellogg, Sidney
Keough, James
Keyes, Ephraim A.
Keyes, Justin
Kiernan, Thomas
King, John
Kuder, Albert D.
Kuder, George S.
Lee, John
Lewis, Thomas
Lilies, John
Litzel, John
Livingston, John
Long, George C.
Mackin, Patrick
Maher, John
Maher, William
Malcolm, David P.
Mauley, Seth
Markle, George W.
Marsh, Clarence L.
Mathison, Robert

Matson, James
McCombs, Alexander
McEwen, Albert
McGuire, John
McNamara, John
Mercer, Henry
Metzger, George
Miller, Henry
Miller, John F.
Miller, Theodore
Miner, Ansel
Mitchell, William
Moran, Thomas
Morris, George C.
Munson, Thomas
Myers, Charles
Norman, John
Norris, Albert L.
Paddock, Mortimer F.
Parker, Robert R.
Parmele, Frank
Parmele, John
Parmenter, Wilbur
Peck, George
Perry, Gilbert
Pettis, Albert
Pettis, Edward H.
Phiffer, John
Phiffer, Philip
Potter, Charles
Powers, Martin
Prince, Larton
Proctor, John
Quigley, John
Radey, John
Reese, Niles
Reinhart, Jacob
Ricketts, Jacob
Riddle, Charles
Robbins, Jerome

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Roberts, Hazen L.
Rogers, Marcellus
Roll, George
Roof, Charles W.
Rosentile, John
Russell, Kirby
Russell, William B.
Schock, Fred
Schreiber, John
Searight, Edwin
Searls, Duane
Sebold, John
Sheridan, Dennis
Sherwood, Sebastian
Shover, Henry
Sked, William V.
Smith, Abraham
Smith, Charles
Smith, Thomas H.
Smith, Thomas J.
Suodgrass, Alfred P.
Spencer, Truman
Spoouer, Franklin
Squires, Everett A.
Stacey, Lorenzo
Starks, Louis F.
Starks, Warren R.
Starks, William H.
Stearns, Lawson
Stevens, Rozell
Stewart, Hugh
Stewart, William
St. George, Peter
Stockham, Addison
Stockham, George M.
Stone, Lewis H.
Straight, Henry P.
Strong, Newton G.
Strong, Thomas J.
Taggart, Charles H.

ROLL OF HONOR.

Taggart, John M.
Tibbitts, Richard
Tompkins, Charles
Tower, George W.
Tracy, Thomas
Tumau, Spencer
Voltz, William
Waddle, George
Wade, Joseph
Wagner, Thomas E.
Waldeck, Arnold
Waters, Alonzo C.
Waters, Chandler O.
Wench, John
Wheeler, Jonathan D.
Wheeler, Samuel S.
Wherrett, George
Whitehead, William
Whiting, Charles A.
Wiles, Henry
Wiles, John B.
Wiley, Henry B.
Wiley, John J.
Williams, Daniel
Williams, Emmet B.
Williams, James H.
Winchell, George H.
Woods, Hamlet S.
Woods, Jerry
Woodworth, John
Woolever, Frank
Worley, John
Zimmerman, Alonzo

BATTERY H.

PRIVATES.

Phillips, Lucien L.
Whitney, Lorenzo D.

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739

BATTERY I.

Bennett, John A., Capt.
Sliney, William F., 1st Lieut.
Chase, Charles F., 2d Lieut.
Cody, Darwin D., O. M. Serg.
Neff, Isaac A., Serg.
Buckley, Hugh, Jr., Corp.
Porter, Morris, Corp.

PRIVATES.
Brockway, Green B.
Calhoun, William D.
Eddy, Lewis B.
Eddy, Henry C.
Elling, George
Lankester, Charles J.
Sherman, Horatio W.
Silsby, Alonzo
Simmons, George H.
Wooley, Albert A.

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BATTERY K.

Heckman, Louis, Capt.
Berwick, Andrew, 1st Lieut.
Camp, Henry S., 1st Lieut.
Rees, John H., 1st Lieut.
Schiely, Charles M., 1st Lieut.
Edwards, Albert, 2d Lieut.
Stafford, Edmund F., Serg.
Gorman, Timothy, Corp.
Potter, Edwin R., Corp.
Winchester, George, Corp.

privates.
Berringer, Philip
Blackford, Henry
Brooks, David
Burnham, William W.
Burns, Edwin C.
Clark, William T.
Cobbledick, William

Coover, John C.
Dauks, John S.
Davidson, John A.
Dillon, Charles
Eddy, Alfred
Eddy, William
Ferry, Richard C.
George, William
Heffron, John
Henry, Jacob F.
Herig, Charles
Hewitt, David
Heyse, Ernest
Hiddleson, Findley
Hitchcock, Charles
Karr, Charles
Kelly, James
Kelly, John M.
Kelly, William
Kern, John
Kirkbride, Martin
Klasgye, Charles
Klasgye, William
Leary, Thomas
Lewis, Thomas
Little, Leander
Minor, Frederick
Olhoff, Adam
Opert, Lewis
Peacock, Henry B.
Pickands, Samuel
Pierce, Desivigna
Potter, Benjamin
Rand, Elmer A.
Reed, Russell P.
Sander, George
Snyder, Jacob
Snyder, John A.
Stein, Jacob
Stoller, Louis

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BATTERY L.
Walworth, William, ist Lieut.

PRIVATES.
Clause, Nathan
Trumbull, Julius C.
Weed, Theodore C.

BATTERY M.
Paddock, Martin L , ist Lieut.

PRIVATES.
Beckwith, George
Chase, Henry
Chase, Owen
Curtin, John
Field, Philip
Groom, Matthias
Morden, Frank
Rogers, Elias
Shepard, Gordon H.
Sherwood, Vanness
Warner, Stephen C.

SIXTH BATTERY.
PRIVATES.
Baughman, David
Benton, Thomas
Burritt, Thomas
Costello, John
Falk, George
Flowers, Orsalius
Goyette, Thomas
Hawk, James
Kimpflin, Joseph
McGreevy, Daniel
McGreevy, William
Morley, William
O'Hearn, Patrick
Schilling, Benedict
Scott, John

Timms, Joseph
Treen, Robert S.
Welch, Stephen

NINTH BATTERY.

York, Harrison B., Capt.
Cowles, Edward, 2d Lieut.
Lander, Marcellus A., Q. M. Sei
Bentley, Charles H., Serg.
Coolidge, Calvin, Serg.
Smith, Orville W., Serg.
Eggleston, Henry P., Bugler.
Peebles, Edward J., Bugler.
Salisbury, Vial, Bugler.

PRIVATES.

Bennett, Peter
Brown, Adrian
Clark, Charles B.
Crawford, William H.
Crosier, Peter
Eggleston, Frank E.
Gifford, James L.
Kelty, Henry H.
Knowles, Seth
Manchester, Orlando
Manchester, Rinaldo
Mathews, James T.
Mathews, Thomas E.
Mosier, William R.
Parks, James R.
Pendleton, Eugene A.
Price, Henry
Price, Horace D.
Robinson, Charles H.
Smith, Henry B.
Smith, Josiah M.
Smith, Ransom L.
Whitlam, Charles
Wise, Roscoe

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#15

ROLL OF HONOR.

TWELFTH BATTERY.
Fairbanks, Ami P., ist Lieut.

PRIVATE.

Schnauffer, Frederick

FIFTEENTH BATTERY.

Burdick, James, Capt.
Bailey, Lyman, ist Lieut.
Reeve, Edwin F., ist Lieut.
Sturges, Stiles E., 2d Lieut.
Henry, Robert, Serg.
Stokes, Thomas, Serg.
Ingraham, George, Corp.
Kelley, Thomas, Corp.
Langton, John, Corp.
Potter, Albert, Corp.
Webb, Mervin, Corp.
York, Samuel, Corp.
Gates, Joseph, Artificer.

PRIVATES.
Ames, William H.
Andrews, Thomas
Becktol, John
Bennington, Thomas
Briggs, Cassius V.
Chase, Nathan
Davis, John L.
French, Albert
French, Royal
Gesner, George
Hogan, Daniel
Howlett, Thomas T.
Hughes, Thomas
Kamerer, Paul
Kennedy, John
Kimberly, Edward
Knapp, George W.
Lambert, Frederick J.

741

Lambert, Lewis G.
Laudphear, Hoxie E.
Maddox, John
McGoveru, Thomas
Merriam, Henry
Moran, Anthony
Murphy, Martin H.
Paddock, Herbert L.
Paddock, Mortimer L.
Pancoast, Lester
Phillips, Chester
Rice, Orson W.
Spencer, John W.
Stearns, Elijah, Jr.
Stearns, Freeman
Stearns, Orfila
Stokes, Henry
Tegardine, Henry
Thompson, Curtis E.
True, Charles
Wagner, Philip
Wait, Enos A.
Ware, Thomas J.
Ware, William R.
Weeks, Martin S.
Wescott, Lyman D.
Wilson, Charles H.

NINETEENTH BATTERY.

Shields, Joseph C, Capt.
Wilson, Frank, Capt.
Dustin, William, ist Lieut.
Harris, Charles B., ist Lieut.
Estabrook, John N., 2d Lieut.
Grimshaw, James W., 2d Lieut.
Smith, Robertson, 2d Lieut.
Kridler, Rudolphus M., ist Serg
Johnson, James M., Q. M. Serg.
Poole, Thomas J., Q. M. Serg.
Smith, Pardon B., Q. M. Serg.

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Campbell, George R., Serg.
Casswell, Alex. G., Serg.
Champney, Norman, Serg.
Gray, Arthur P., Serg.
Hanna, Robert D., Serg.
Honoddle, John, Serg.
Hubbard, Thomas J., Serg.
Hudson, Thomas J., Serg.
Luck, Charles, Serg.
Norton, Walter, Serg.
Peters, Asahel B., Serg.
Simpkins, EH H., Serg.
Andrews, John, Corp.
Armstrong, Joseph, Corp.
Barber, George H., Corp.
Brown, Edward F., Corp.
Bruuer, William A., Corp.
Burrows, Charles E., Corp.
Byron, William G., Corp.
Conklin, John M., Corp.
Dryden, Drury F., Corp.
Fairchilds, Edward C, Corp.
Flower, George, Corp.
Hogan, William, Corp.
Killam, Simon W., Corp.
Odell, Joseph M., Corp.
Watkins, John, Corp.
Williams, Victory R., Corp.
Redhead, Henry W., Artificer.
Van Luven, John H., Artificer.
Byerly, Edward, Bugler.
Stover, William H., Bugler.

PRIVATES.

Allen, James W.
Armstrong, Thomas J.
Ball, Guy
Barnum, John N.
Barrett, Alonzo
Bassett, John

HONOR.

Bates, Alfred
Bishop, Albert
Bissell, John C.
Bostwick, Frank D.
Bradford, John E.
Bruner, Ira
Buffington, Horatio S.
Buhl, Marx
Burger, William R.
Burton, William
Campbell, Solon O.
Carter, James T.
Carter, Melvin R.
Chavalia, Alexander
Childs, William
Cobb, Edwin J.
Cook, William H.
Crouch, Joseph B.
Curtis, Henry
Davis, Edmond W.
Dixon, Edwin C.
Dixon, Elden S.
Douglass, John B.
Ellsler, Harry
Ferguson, Samuel T.
Foote, Horatio J.
Fox, Erastus H.
Gallagher, Patrick H.
Galwey, John D.
Gaskill, Austin C.
Gearity, Thomas
Gibbons, Jasper N.
Gifford, Oscar E.
Gilbert, Frank
Gleib, Adam
Gould, Merrick
Hard, Alphonso
Harper, Wallace
Harrington, Theodore N.
Hartman, Jacob

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ROLL OF HONOR.

Hartzell, William J.
Haver, George A.
Hecker, Philip D.
Hecker, William
Hendricks, James
Herrick, Samuel F.
Hiddleson, James V.
Hill, John
Hodle, Frederick
Houck, Michael
House, R. H.
Hower, Jeremiah M., Jr.
Hubbard, Henry H.
Huston, Joseph C.
Kelly, Andrew J.
Ketehum, Albert J.
Kidney, Edward W.
Leeper, Martin V. B.
Leonard, Martin
Lowe, John
Maier, William
Marcellus, Robert G.
Marks, Delos R.
Marx, Jacob
McGhee, Andrew F.
Messinger, William

Minnick, Low J.

Monroe, Allen J.

Moore, John

Morse, Edwin C.

Murphy, Luke A.

Nash, Jeremiah W.

Patterson, George M.

Proctor, Artemus T.

Quinlan, John C.

Reed, James L.

Reese, John

Remington, Harrison H.

Remington, Stephen G.

Riley, John

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743

Riley, Smith
Root, Edwin C.
Root, George H.
Sachett, Andrew D.
Sampson, Benjamin L.
Scott, William K.
Silvernail, Charles E.
Simonds, Elbert B. A.
Smith, Henry B.
Spafford, William J.
Stanford, James H.
Stevens, Alexander B.
Storms, Solon C.
Strine, Joseph
Stucker, Jacob R.
Sunderland, Samuel
Taylor, Samuel J.
Thompson, Robert
Torrey, Ellis D.
Tracie, Theodore C. W.
Viall, Charles H.
Waite, Erastus R.
Waite, Orrin L-
Waltz, Christian
Welch, Harvey S.
Welch, Joseph W.
Williams, George H.
Williams, Richard H.
Williams, Victor R.
Wilson, James A.
Wolcott, John
Wolf, Andrew

TWENTIETH BATTERY.

Backus, William, Capt.
Smithnight, Louis, Capt.
Burdick, John S., ist Lieut.
Hancock, Oscar W., ist Lieut.
Horn, Henry, ist Lieut.

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T 744

ROLL OF HONOR.

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Josselyn, Harlan P., ist Lieut.
Nitschelm, Charles F., ist Lieut.
Robbins, Francis O., ist Lieut.
Roth, Henry, ist Lieut.
Adams, Matthias, 2d Lieut.
Hoehn, Henry, 2d Lieut.
Neracher, William, 2d Lieut.
Beyer, Charles, ist Serg.
Fay, John G., Jr., ist Serg.
Joyce, John, ist Serg.
Hilburt, Charles G., Q. M. Serg.
Patterson, John S., Q. M. Serg.
Ayers, Samuel, Serg.
Carey, Barney, Serg.
Carr, John, Serg.
Coquelin, Frank, Serg.
Hausman, Adam, Serg.
Roscoe, Ransom, Serg.
Schwartz, Phillip, Serg.
Walz, Paul, Serg.
Williams, John T., Serg.
Zeller, John A., Serg.
Baker, Charles B., Corp.
Conrad, Adam, Corp.
Dietrich, Peter, Corp.
Fowler, Edwin O., Corp.
Filler, John W., Corp.
Hahn, Peter, Corp.
Hummel, Jacob, Corp.
Jansen, George, Corp.
Jorus, Charles, Corp.
Kirby, Thomas, Corp.
Knox, James, Corp.
Marquard, Jacob, Corp.
Mulheine, Abraham, Corp.
Neracher, Frank, Corp.
Seber, William, Corp.
Siegenthaler, Alfred, Corp.
Sommers, George, Corp.
Taylor, John H. T., Corp.

Vaughan, Silas B., Corp.
Williams, David J., Corp.
Williams, Elisha, Corp.
Eilman, Anton, Bugler.
Oviatt, Morris N., Bugler.
Grotzinger, John, Wagoner.

PRIVATES.

Ackley, Uriah
Adams, Edwin
Allen, Lafayette
Arndt, Daniel
Becker, Francis
Bender, Jacob
Bernhardt, Christian
Berthold, George
Billson, Harris
Blair, William
Bias, Max
Blattner, George
Bohley, Jacob
Bolte, Conrad
Braine, James
Braine, William
Brandt, Theodore
Braun, Augustus F.
Brier, John
Briggs, Aulis
Broman, John
Bronson, Horace
Brown, August F.
Brush, Perry D.
Camp, Edwin
Carr, John
Case, Albert
Chapin, George M.
Chapman, John L.
Cook, Miles
Cowley, Thomas
Davis, Edward

Davis, James H.
Dickerson, John W.
Dietrich, Augustus C.
Droz, Phillip
Dwyer, John
Ebinger, Charles
Edwards, Edwin
Elder, Henry
Engelhart, Gottlieb
Fahel, John
Farrell, Henry
Fellcamp, John
Fink, Richard
Fissler, Louis
Fitzgerald, Joseph
Forschner, John
Freiberger, Arnold
Ganaware, Alfred
Glougner, Peter
Goebel, Jacob H.
Goebel, Peter
Graff, Peter
Grotzinger, William
Hammel, Andreas
Hardman, James
Hauck, Philip
Hawkins, Robert
Haycox, George
Hefty, Jacob
Heid, Jacob
Hevy, John
Hickin, Charles
Hirz, John
Hull, George
Humphrey, Charles
Humphrey, William
Jauklaus, John
Jeffrey, Robert E.
Jones, Albert
Keesler, Peter

Kelley, William P.
Killmer, Henry
Knaus, Edmond
Knaus, Manuel
Koehn, Hugo
LeClaire, Hubert
Loefier, John
Lowman, George
Malone, Melvin
Malone, Nelson
Marquard, Charles
Marquard, Joseph
Matthews, Henry
McCormick, Peter
McGue, Peter
McKee, Jacob
Meyers, Frank
Meyers, Rudolph
Miller, John
Mills, Frank
Mills, Harkless
Mitchelsou, Arthur
Morey, Joseph
Morison, W. Duane
Mower, Emanuel
Munger, David
Munger, Thomas
Munson, Thomas
Myers, Frank
Nidler, Phillip
Niebauer, John
Nimsgern, George
Nuigbra, George
Nyddeger, Theodore
O'Kusler, Peter
Oviatt, Sherman
Park, Othello
Parker, Horace
Paulis, Anthony
Perkins, Frank C.

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746

ROLL OF HONOR.

Perrine, James
Pope, Peter
Portz, John
Rash, Frederick
Rashleigh, Frank
Reibold, John
Rhodes, Jacob
Richards, Henry
Rith, John
Rohrbracher, Max
Ross, Milo
Rudolph, Charles
Ruff, William
Russ, George
Russell, George
Schneider, John (No. 1.)
Schneider, John (No. 2.)
Schott, Hiram S.
Schram, John
Schredly, Rouamous
Schwan, Peter
Schweitzer, Christian
Sheridan, Henry
Smith, Charles
Smith, George F.
Smith, Pelatiah
Smith, Peter C.
Soloman, Philip
Sorter, Alexander
Sorter, Pearson B.
Stacy, Arthur
Stafford, Rufus
Stahl, Alexander
Stahl, Charles
Steller, Christian D.
Stodtler, John
Sturbaum, Henry
Sykes, William
Taylor, Winfield S.
Truesdale, Verdine A.

Vanoiman, Charles S.
Vedder, Edward
Vetzer, Sebastian
Vogtly, Joseph
Waggant, George
Waldo, Edwin
Walter, August
Walter, Charles
Wear, Joseph
Webster, Charles
Weidhoff, Henry
Weidling, Frank
Wenner, John
Wentrich, Peter
Werback, William
Wetzel, Frederick
White, John
Wilcox, Daniel
Wiler, John
Willett, Charles
Winger, John
WTinnepleck, Samuel
Witzendorff, Charles
Wolverton, Alonzo
Woolweaver, Joseph
Wright, Francis
Yohy, Joseph
Young, George
Zingerly, Andrew

TWENTY-FIRST BATTERY.

Smith, William H. H., 1st Lieut.
McFarland, M. S., 1st Serg.
Holmes, Ezra D., Serg.
Tomlinson, Nathan W., Serg.
Baldwin, Darius R., Corp.
Burnett, Cleantheus, Corp.
Linderman, James, Corp.
Wolcott, Horace, Corp.

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ROLL OF HONOR.

PRIVATES.

Allen, Samuel
Allen, Thomas R.
Baldwin, William J.
Beebe, Charles F.
Brookins, George W.
Call, Loren

Champlain, Lemuel B.
Collister, Charles
Collister, John H.
Colson, Charles J.
Curtis, Benjamin M.
Curtis, Elijah W.
Curtis, Preserved H.
Ely, Warren W.
Evarts, John H.
Fowle, Thomas W.
Gould, George F.
Granger, Trumbull
Heckert, Jonas
Hervey, James
Hodges, Lyman S.
Long, William
Mackey, Thomas
Mahoney, John
Manchester, George
McSwan, Daniel
Nichols, Ezekiel
Ogle, Josiah
Parker, George S.
Parker, James
Phelps, Abraham J.
Phelps, Spencer
Sinclair, William
Somers, Wesley
Washburn, John G.
Winchester, Elhanan

TWENTY-FIFTH BATTERY.
Doolittle, Gilbert J., ist Lieut.
Ruple, Alex C, ist Lieut.

;4;

Christie, William, Corp.
Gage, Henry W., Corp.
Mead, Henry, Corp.

PRIVATES.

Barker, Walter D.
Bell, David V.
Brewer, Elmer E.
Buck, Zina J.
Davis, George
Dodd, Thomas
Dunn, Patrick
Fesshaupt, William
Flint, Alii F.
Furrell, William C.
Hammond, George B.
Kelley, Lucerne W.
Kinnicut, Edwin
Lockwood, Addison
Nye, Webster K.
Olds, John
Penfield, Nathan E.
Pollock, George W.
Pritchard, Edward H.
Scanlan, Robert
Scott, Thomas
Stuyvesant, Henry
Thayer, Francis A.
Van Orman, William

Second Heavy.
BATTERY G.
Stuart, James H., Lieut.

PRIVATE.
Antisdale, O. D.

First Missouri Light.

PRIVATE.
Lards, Christ

+ *

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748

ROLL OF HONOR.

First United. States.

BATTERY D.
Johnson, Josiah, Corp.

BATTERY K.

PRIVATE.

X^ Denham, James T.

it* Second United. States.

»fe

BATTERY A.
PRIVATE.
Bradley, Warren J.

*! * Fourth United States.
zL BATTERY K.

3Wf PRIVATE.

ir Hartman, Jacob

Rifth United States.

BATTERY F.
Reynolds, William, Bugler.

BATTERY H.
Baldwin, Homer H., 1st. Lieut.
PRIVATES.

Carroll, John T.
Fanning, Richard J.
Gleason, Daniel
Malin, Patrick
McGrath, Michael
Scanlan, James

Sixth United States.
BATTERY B.

PRIVATE.
Murray, William H.

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stiff

Second. Cavalry.

FIELD AND STAFF.

Doubleday, Charles, Col.
Barnitz, Albert, Lieut. Col.
Collier, J. M., Major.
Eggleston, Emerson H., Major.
Taylor, Alfred, Surg.
Abbey, Seth A., Q. M.
Chamberlain, H. S., Q. M.
Woodruff, Gurdin, Q. M.
Thayer, John D., Serg. Maj.
Burge, Ezra L., Q. M. Serg.
Cronk, George F., Com. Serg.
Sheldon, George, Hosp. Stew.
Smith, Clayton G., Hosp. Stew.
Keating, John, Chief Bugler.
Papworth, Robert R., Chief Bug.

COMPANY A.
Mason, Stephen A., Capt.

PRIVATES.
Abbey, Milton F.
Beck, Albert M.
Biggs, Cyrus F. H.
Blackwell, A. E.
Blanchett, Charles E.
Buck, Thomas H.
Chambers, David
Foskett, Augustus A.
Frease, John R.
Hanscom, George.

jiyN^*^raMi*

Heathman, James D.
Houghland, Samuel
Houghland, Wilson
House, Alonzo J.
Johns, Theodore W.
Kearns, James
Lusk, Amos B.
Malone, James M.
Maple, Jackson
Meade, Charles C.
Mellinger, Charles
Mellinger, William
Phillips, LoringJ.
Secoy, Lester
Skinner, Franklin W.
Smith, Henry H.
Suetzer, Christian
Solomon, Henry F.
Stratton, Newell B.
Townsley, Isaac
Wells, John R.

COMPANY B.

Deming, Frederick R., Capt.
Eggleston, Chauncey, Capt.
Millard, Alonzo E., Capt.
Smith, John L , Capt.
Ingersoll, Charles F., ist Lieut.
Lovett, Benjamin F., ist Lieut.
Tuttle, Luther M., ist Lieut.
Sessions, Alex B., 2d Lieut.
Brewster, John M., ist Serg.

*1«

»*

Duubar, George E., Serg.
Emmons, Lewis B., Serg.
Polhamus, William H., Serg.
WycofF, Chauncey F., Serg.
Abell, Mark, Corp.
Beardsley, James O., Corp.
Brokaw, Samuel D., Corp.
Fenkell, D. D., Corp.
Maxom, Alonzo A., Corp.
Johnson, John N., Bugler.
Monroe, William N., Bugler.

PRIVATES.

Bailey, Sylvester D.
Bartholomew, W. H.
Beardsley, Mortimer H.
Belden, Augustus
Benjamin, A. D.
Bennett, Elias
Bowen, William M.
Brinker, Henry H.
Brookens, Suranus T.
Cady, Winfield S.
Chamberlain, Wm. A.
Chapman, Charles C.
Chase, John J.
Chase, Orlando D.
Christian, Charles M.
Connel, Michael
Cook, David F.
Deming, Dewitt C.
Eddy, George
Eddy, Luther
Eggleston, Randall L.
Flayford, Henry A.
Fleming, John
Fuller, Albert R.
Heniman, John V.
Hinsdale, Eugene A.
Hinsdale, William E.

Hoppe, Carl H.
Johnson, John W.
Judson, Enoch E.
Kaiser, Herman S.
Lovejoy, Alfred
Meier, William F.
Morgan, Irving
Morris, James
Mott, Jackson A.
Ormsby, Henry
Perkins, Myron B.
Phillips, Porter S.
Plowman, James
Seymour, Joseph
Skinner, James
Somers, Edgar L.
Stevens, Charles C.
Stover, Leroy S.
Upson, Norton L.
Veher, James. M.
Vogle, Henry
Willhelm, Daniel

COMPANY C.

Rush, Charles D., Capt.
Griffin, Robert L., Q. M. Serg.
Hull, Irving, Serg.

PRIVATES.
Barrett, Edgar
Darling, Freeman E.
Fay, Asa

Feroles, Franklin
Griswold, Wesley W.
Leland, Andrew
McFarlaud, Scott
Walker, H. D.

COMPANY D.
Gamble, Robert A., Corp.

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ROLL OF

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PRIVATES.
Adams, Charles W.
Baker, William H.
Caldwell, Oscar A.
Gillett, Elbert
Hickox, William R.
Proctor, Frank A.
Saxton, John S.
Shesler, Conrad

COMPANY E.
Smith, William, Capt.

PRIVATES.
Johnson, William R.
Kinnaman, Martin J.
Leggett, William
Liddle, Arthur
McCurdy, Samuel W.
McGill, Leander
Miller, Ralph
Moody, Frederick R.
Newton, William H.
Pidgeon, William H.
Reed, John W.
Rees, Thomas G.
Walker, A. J.
Wiggins, William H.

COMPANY F.

PRIVATES.
Aker, Henry
Bliss, Charles H.
Bliss, Julius E.
Conant, Ethan
Hurst, George
Jackson, Joseph L.
Kinney, Cassius C.
Manning, George A.

S><*

lONOR.

75 1 *'*

Swan, Heber R.

Witzman, Herman

Wolf, George H.
Wolf, Peter

Woodworth, Cass. M.

Zepp, George

COMPANY G.

i«

Bill, Charles H., Capt.

* A

Bowden, John E-, Serg.

PRIVATES.

Church, Eugene M.

Clark, George W.

3»

Copeland, Richard

.».«

Copelaud, William

ttM

DeLong, James

♦I*.

Fitzgerald, John

Graham, Thomas

Gregory, Eugene

Hoyt, Watson A.

Hunt, Frank B.

Hunter, Samuel

Kaneen, Jonathan

j»i*

Short, George W.

Wicks, William

Wurtz, William

COMPANY H.

PRIVATES.
Austin, Walter R.
Bishop, Andrew
Broughton, James H.
Brown, David
Butler, Lyman F.
Gay, William
Green, Harvey H.
Hale, Frank B.
Hall, Daniel M.
Herrick, Bryant B.

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752

ROLL OF HONOR.

Keyes, Richard B.
Long, Edward
Manchester, D. W.
Marcy, Adelbert H.
Rothacher, Chris
Smith, Chauncey
Smith, Thomas J.
Van Antwerp, Almiron
Vincent, John J.
Wood, George H.

COMPANY I.

Rock, Peter, Serg.
Roberts, George W., Corp.

PRIVATES.
Elliott, Irah
James, Courtney H.
Kinsey, Albert W.
Little, Leander
Thompson, William
Wilcox, Louis C.

COMPANY K.

Clapp, John H., Capt.
Pedrick, William E., Capt.
Geil, Samuel F., ist Lieut.
McBride, Patrick H., ist Lieut.
Gordon, Henry J., 2nd Lieut.
Oviatt, Hiram P., ist Serg.
Culver, Daniel, Q. M. Serg.
Davis, John, Serg.
Ingraham, Henry, Serg.
Sturtevant, W. De F., Serg.
Ball, Charles H., Corp.
Clapp, Hammond, Corp.
Kuiffiu, Moses R., Corp.
Thomas, Kenrade, Corp.
Trowbridge, Stephen D., Corp.
Collopy, Patrick F., Bugler.
Trowbridge, Melvin N., Bugler.

privates.
Ainger, Brainard D.
Baker, Chester
Bartholomew, David R.
Bayard, Samuel A.
Bruce, Frederick
Cavanaugh, Michael
Christie, David C.
Close, Sperry B.
Cooper, John Q.
Cronk, Jeremiah
Cushman, William
Davis, Thomas J.
Eddlemau, William
Fahy, Daniel
Ferris, Joseph
Fish, Clark A.
Gibbs, Alexander
Gibbs, Clark
Gibbs, Farnham
Giddings, Fritz
Gordon, Corts F.
Gray, Benjamin J.
Griffin, John
Harper, Alexander J.
Haywood, Charles E.
Henry, Roswell C.
Hodgeman, Oliver
Hoor, William
Hotchkiss, Nathan
Hudson, Robert
Ingalls, Harrison
Ingraham, Asa
Jinks, Thomas
Kent, Elmer
King, Henry C.
Lee, Alfred S.
Livingston, Samuel
Meeker, Clarence H.
Miles, Charles F.

I
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ROLL OF HONOR.

753

Miner, William
Nichols, Charles W.
Payne, Luther D.
Perry, George
Porter, Charles O.
Porter, Franklin
Richards, George
Roberts, George
Roberts, Thomas J.
Robinson, Harris
Robinson, William G.
Schneeberger, Jacob
Sharkey, John
Simmons, Enoch
Spafford, Albert
Spence, Martin W.
Spence, Smith
Stofer, Dan P.
Stranahan, William B.
Stuyveson, Redman
Thompson, Henry
Walden, Berry S.
Warmsley, Benjamin
White, Thomas A.
Wood, Lewis
Wright, James H.

COMPANY L.
Spencer, T. Reeves, Capt.
Ward, Edmund, ist Lieut.
Campbell, Lewis L., 2nd Lieut.
Blanding, M. M., Corp.

PRIVATES.
Andrew, Thomas
Arn, John
Carpenter, B. C.
Dewey, Franklin L.
Noble, Mark
Ryan, Albert
Woodburn, George F.

COMPANY M.
Marsh, C. C, ist Lieut.
Porter, Melville, Corp.

PRIVATES.
Biggs, Albert
Crist, Dew
Gasner, Cenool
Galvin, John
Kellogg, Charles E.
Lane, Myron
Lilley, John C.
McGuire, Cornelius
Mott, Oliver
Parcell, Newton
Park, Jerome A.
Pettys, Zenas B.
Price, Charles

Third Cavalry.

COMPANY B.
PRIVATE.

Sexton, Edwin

COMPANY C.
PRIVATES.
Ankney, Samuel
Sager, George

COMPANY D.
O'Rourke, Thomas A., ist Lieut.

COMPANY I.

Rieley, Francis, ist Serg.

COMPANY L.

PRIVATE.

Nelaher, Peter

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754

<» «

ROLL OF HONOR.

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Fifth Cavalrv.

COMPANY B.
PRIVATE.

Towner, E. W.

Sixth Cavalry.

FIELD AND STAFF.
Osgood, Reuben E., Maj.
Rezner, William B., Sur.
Bark, Thomas S., O. M. Serg.
Burgess, Doctor F., Q. M. Serg.
Galbraith, John S., Q. M. Serg.
Johnston, David, O. M. Serg.
Young, H. N., Com. Serg.

COMPANY A.

Wilson, James R., Corp.

PRIVATES.
Dewyaut, Michael
Dilworth, Samuel
Eastwood, George W.
Eastwood, Abram
Harker, Henry
Ryder, Alanson K.
Spring, Rudolphus L.

COMPANY B.

Darwent, James E., 2d Lieut.

COMPANY C.
Leeman, James H., Capt.
Holt, Charles E., Corp.
Woods, Jerome O., Corp.

PRIVATES.
Beckwith, Edwin
Bohn, Christopher
Button, Albert

Coiles, Aaron A.
Dilley, Archibald
Greer, Robert J.
Griswold, Wesley W.
Harper, EHsha K.
King, Cyrus
Markham, Orlando
Markham, Ozro
Morrison, Adelbert
Randall, John
Reed, Albert D.
Reed, Joseph
Rodig, Herman
Rudd, John
Stannard, John
Stible, Charles A.
Strawn, William B.
Strong, Horace
Turner, John B.
Whelpley, George
Wilcox, Travilla A.
Wilson, Frank

COMPANY D.

Kneal, William H., 1st Lieut.
Grant, Alanson A., Serg.
Booth, Henry C, Corp.
Judd, Anson A., Corp.

PRIVATES.

Allen, Joel
Bell, Joseph S.
Black, Benjamin H.
Caldwell, David
Clark, Thomas S.
Dalton, Patrick
Grim, James
Hickok, James S.
Joyce, Daniel B.
Keyear, Jacob

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Older, Silas S.
Packard, Joseph O.
Smith, Simon E.
Wickham, James T.
Wilson, Alex B. F.

COMPANY E.

PRIVATE.
Grist, John D.

COMPANY F.

Thomas, William L., Capt.
Milliken, G. W., ist Lieut.
Anderson, George W., ist Sere
Birrell, Andrew A., Serg.
Gorman, Charles S., Serg.
Beckley, Edwin, Corp.
Case, Amos B., Corp.
Ford, William, Corp.
Grim, George W., Corp.
Harrington, D. H., Corp.
Mee, James, Corp.
Sharp, Lewis, Corp.

PRIVATES.
Ball, Fayette E.
Campbell, Charles
Chamberlain, George W.
Darling, Solon L.
Grinnell, Nathaniel
Hardesty, Thomas
Harmon, William
Herrick, Erwin
Holcomb, Orin, Jr.
Hoskins, Oscar F.
Hunt, William
Jenkins, Thomas
Johnson, Calvin W.
Larue, Cryness
Law, Oliver

Long, John G.
Merwin, Tod
Osterhaut, Abram
Pletscher, John
Robbe, James H.
Roberts, Lucas O.
Rudd, Benjamin M.
Scott, Absalom
Sharp, Daniel J.
Simmons, Henry B.
Smith, Stephen A.
Wallace, Charles
Watkins, John
Wheeler, William J.
Woodward, John W.
Wyatt, Joel W.

COMPANY G.
McKibben, John W., Corp.

PRIVATES.

Austin, Horace
Bates, Howard S.
Berry, Lemuel
Boden, William
Burdick, Lorenzo
Chappell, Melvin D.
Darrow, Henry
Foster, Frederick
Grannis, George A.
Landers, Andrew
McCanna, Patrick
Morris, James L.
Nelligan, Michael
Nolan, James
Pettibone, Albert A.
Sands, George
Sheehan, Dennis
Shierer, Benjamin F.
Snow, Calvin R.

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ROLL OF HONOR.

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Swartz, Jonathan
Tribfilner, Joseph
Williams, Roger

COMPANY H.

PRIVATES.
Buck, James
Miller, Fritz
Spotz, Philip

COMPANY I.

Shepherd, Elias, ist Lieut.
Soden, Edward, Q. M. Serg.
Crandall, Byron, Serg.
Gale, Edwin, Serg.
Robertson, John, Serg.
Shepherd, George C, Serg.
Stenner, Michael, Serg.
Beaker, Henry, Corp.
Boneham, Henry, Corp.
McKritchie, Thomas, Corp.
Schmidt, John G., Corp.
Stark, Charles, Corp.

PRIVATES.
Allen, William
Bradford, Philip W.
Brennau, James
Brown, Charles H.
Carpenter, Cyrus
Davis, Evan
Dwyer, Dennis
Ferris, John
Fox, Henr)'
Green, Bartholomew
Griffith, John
Hanks, Frank
Hill, William E.
Hively, Christopher C.
Hoffman, George
Jacobs, Peter

Keegan, Michael
Kilby, William S.
Leaney, Thomas
McDonald, John
Minor, Erwin B.
Morgan, Sylvester
Ropke, Albert
Rhodes, Isaac N.
Schwitz, Christopher
Sharpe, Samuel
Smith, Daniel
Smith, George
Smith, William
Stone, William
Stowe, William

COMPANY K.

Wyatt, John E., Capt.
Tousley, William F., ist Serg.
Blakesley, Charles B., Serg.
Starr, Cassius C, Serg.
Warner, Willard B., Serg.
Cutshaw, George, Corp.
Edgerton, Horace J., Corp.
Elliott, William, Corp.
McConkey, Isaiah, Corp.
Ware, Dallas M., Corp.

PRIVATES.
Boyd, Newton D.
Brown, Hiram
Campbell, Henry L.
Fieldhouse, Henry
Harmon, Cyrus P.
Hayward, Thomas
Hoffmeier, Francis G.
Holt, Luman S.
House, Christopher
Irish, Charles
Lane, Peter
McConkey, Elijah

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■ ^ ft ^ M ft ^

ROLL OF HONOR.

757

Meacham, Reuben
Morrell, Henry W.
O'Connor, John
Olcott, Charles B.
Orrindorff, Hezekiah
OrrindorfF, Perry W.
Palmer, David
Parker, Wellington
Quinn, William
Sprague, Calvin
Sprague, Warren L.
Thomas, Jefferson
Thomas, Roswell G.
Thomas, William H. H.
Trimm, M. D.
Viers, Edwin
Viers, James E.
Viers, Nehemiah
Winter, Harrison
Wyatt, Ezra T.

COMPANY L.
Heintz, George P., Corp.

PRIVATES.
Chase, Leroy
Folk, James
France, Daniel
Hantz, William
Mahoney, Charles
Mahoney, Charles A.
Maple, Henry T.
O'Neil, Stuart
Redditt, James
Ring, Daniel
Santiman, William
Underwood, Robert

COMPANY M.

Suplee, Euclid M., Serg.
Bricker, David H., Corp.

Entriken, Benjamin F., Corp.
File, Thomas B., Corp.
Flick, Andrew, Corp.
Gardner, Charles W., Corp.
King, Henry J., Corp.
Shopley, Henry J., Corp.

PRIVATES.

Algier, John A.
Anderson, John
Burmester, Ernest
Campbell, William
Carey, Philip
Conway, Peter
Daniels, Ezra T.
Drager, Frederick
Eidinise, Adoniga
Eidinise, Almoreen
Fillorn, Francis M.
Fillson, John N.
Gilson, Robert M.
Handell, John J.
Hunter, George W.
McLean, James
Morehead, Nathaniel
More}% Lemon J.
Mulvihill, Michael
Rabshaw, Gideon
Rearding, Arthur
Reardiug, John
Rundell, Harrison
Shaw, William S.
Smith, William F.
Stewart, Edward
Stine, Elmer
Stine, William
Stover, John A.
Thomas, John
Van Fossen, Robert D.
Whittaker, John B.

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ROLL OF HONOR.

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Seventh Cavalry.
Minor, George G., Lieut. Col.

Eighth Cavalry.
COMPANY F.

PRIVATE.

Wheeler, William F.

Tenth Cavalry.
FIELD AND STAFF.
Sanderson, Thomas W., Col.
Hayes, Edward M., Maj.
Thayer, Lyman C, Maj.
Hall, William G., Asst. Sur.
Frizzell, Henry, Q. M.
Brainard, Lewis H., Q. M. Serg.

COMPANY E.
PRIVATE.

Buhran, Louis

COMPANY F.
Morgan, James S., ist Lieut.
PRIVATE.

Haller, John

COMPANY G.
McGaughy, Edwin, Capt.

PRIVATES.
Anderson, William B.
Anlicker, John
Butler, George
Freely, Peter
Runnels, Luther
Ryan, Malachi
Rvan, Patrick

COMPANY H.
Northrop, T. G., 2d Lieut.

COMPANY

Thomas, William J., 2d Lieut
Beck, Julius, ist Serg.
Campbell, James, Serg.
Harrington, J. C, Serg.
Biggs, Lester M., Corp.
McGill, Frederick, Corp.

PRIVATES.

Alley, Frederick
Benson, William
Brown, Benjamin F.
Camp, Charles A.
Daul, Peter
Eagleson, John
Ferrell, T. H.
Hendershott, S. II.
Hibler, Jacob
Horton, Emerson C.
Huber, John
Jago, Alfred
Koehler, Henry
Lamme, Theodore
Lewis, Charles
Lovett, Aaron C.
McConaghy, Hugh
McConner, Terry
Mullen, John
Seymour, John
Shaffer, Samuel
Stauble, Jacob
Thomas, Jefferson
Tillotson, W. W.
Turner, Caleb
Wells, Albert

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ROLL OF HONOR.

759

COMPANY K.
Saeltzer, Charles, ist Lieut.
PRIVATES.

Green, Simon F.
Nelson, Thomas

COMPANY L.
Campbell, Edwin B., Capt.

COMPANY M.
PRIVATE.

Evatt, Evelyn J.

Twelfth Cavalry.

FIELD AND STAFF.

Herrick, John F., Lieut. Col.
Clifford, Edward, Serg. Maj.
Hall, H. H., O. M. Serg.

COMPANY A.

PRIVATES.

Antelope, Nicholas
Gotts, Henry
Hussey, James
Hutchinson, William W.
McDonald, Donald W.

COMPANY B.

Phelps, John A., Q. M. Serg.
Foutts, Robert B., Corp.

PRIVATES.
Burns, John

Hinshellwood, George C.
Hinshellwood, George F.
Middleton, George W.

COMPANY C.
PRIVATES.
Collins, William H.
Snyder, John

COMPANY D.
Thomson, Archibald H., Capt.

PRIVATES.

Harney, John
McDonald, William M.

COMPANY E.
Humlong, William, 2d Lieut.
Taylor, John W., Q. M. Serg.
Crittenden, Lester, Corp.

PRIVATES.
Alchion, John B.
Bell, James
Dake, Lewis W.
Hartman, John
Myers, John W.
Tushingham, William
Witherstay, John

COMPANY F.
Pond, William L, O. M. Serg.
Chamberlain, W. A., Serg.
Hall, Daniel M., Serg.
Heffron, William, Corp.
Gotts, Fred, Bugler.

PRIVATES.
Bostwick, Frank L.
Dagnen, John
Griggs, Benjamin A.
Hall, Charles M.
Long, William

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Nolan, Thomas W.
Raymond, William L.
Wilcox, E. A.
Woods, EHsha C.

COMPANY H.

Nickerson, Lewis W., Serg.
Braden, William H., Corp.

PRIVATES.
Newson, Francis
Slocum, James W.
Spencer, Ralph

COMPANY I.

Schenck, Henry L., Com. Serg.
Green, Isaac A., Serg.

COMPANY K.

PRIVATES.
Givens, Harvey
Green, James L.
Jacobs, Frank P.
Johnson, Daniel
Sanderson, Matthew D.
Shannon, John B.
Shears, William
Speddy, George
Waltermeier, Joseph

COMPANY L.
Mason, Frank H., Capt.

PRIVATES.
Clark, Josiah D.
Feese, John
Fox, George R.
Leary, Dennis
Sayles, William
Van Wagner, Orlando C.

COMPANY M.

Wilson, George, Com. Serg.
Conway, John H., Serg.
PRIVATES.

Bridge, Joseph W.
Dorsch, Martin
Forsythe, James
Hogan, Charles H.
Keefe, Dennis
Jones, John
Wicks, William A.

Second. United States.
TROOP F.

PRIVATE.
Slatcher, Timothy

Third United. States.
COMPANY F.

PRIVATE.
Tuppa, Peter

Fourth United States.
COMPANY A.

PRIVATE.

Neff, Frank
Sixth United States.
Tupper, Tullius C, ist Lieut.
COMPANY A.

PRIVATES.

Drew, Horace A.
Quiggins, Wilson R.

COMPANY B.
Drake, George, Serg.
Hatch, Samuel, Serg.

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Lepper, John, Serg.
Lepper, William, Serg.
Palmer, Myron T., Serg

PRIVATES.

Addis, Edward S.
Annis, Samuel
Bartlett, George D.
Bartlett, Marcus B.
Beck, Conrad
Bester, Nelson H.
Bester, William H.
Borderman, Andrew H.
Bullard, L. D.
Burroughs, Levi S.
Callender, William
Cocker, John
Cruise, Henry
Dodd, Thomas
Dusett, Edward
Eckerman, Louis H.
Fitzpatrick, Edward
Fletcher, William
Gibbie, Willson
Gilbraith, J. S.
Greenwood, Thomas
Grieble, Henry
Grooms, Thomas
Hadden, Samuel
Handy, William
Hartzell, Henry
Hoadley, Edward
Hultz, Henry
Jones, Lyman
Jones, W. A.
Kelber, Gustave
Kirby, John
Leach, Frank
Lux, John
Marshall, Milo

McCelvey, John
Monahan, Cornelius
Morfet, Byron
Newton, J. R.
Obey, David
Obey, George W.
Phiffier.John
Phalos, Theobold
Rich, Anson
Short, Edward
Stroup, James
Vick, Holland D.
Willson, William
Yocum, Henry

COMPANY E.
PRIVATES.
Bishop, Philip
Dille, Thomas C.
Geil, Peter
Hanson, Joseph
Leonard, Wells
Marshall, James
Merkle, Frederick
Merkle, Louis
Miller, Robert J.
Speck, Louis
Wheeler, Julius M.

COMPANY L.
Mulcahy, Michael, Serg.

PRIVATES.
Blush, Edward
Eckerman, Henry L.
Hall, John
Hickey, Edward
Higgins, James
Howell, Charles
Mack, Thomas

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762

Pfeifer, John
Pierce, F. H.
Reader, Charles E.
Sherman, Horatio
Stevenson, William

ROLL OF HONOR.

Sturgess, John C.
Trosser, Daniel
Witler, A. B.
Wood, Charles W.

Comrades Out of County at Time of Enlistment.

Third. New York.
COMPANY K.
Knauff, A. L , Capt.

Fourth New York;.

COMPANY H.
PRIVATE.
Brahler, Jacob

Fifth. New York:.
COMPANY D.

PRIVATE.

Schoenhut, Henry J.

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*!*

Glazier, Nathaniel, Captain.
Alleman, Philip, Master.
Alford, Edward, Acting Master.
Ainger, C. D., Seaman.
Allen, Augustus, Cook.
Anderson, Robert, Seaman.
Andrew, John, Seaman.
Archer, Joseph H., Seaman.
Ashton, John, Blacksmith.
Barker, Arthur A., Landsman.
Barnes, William S., Seaman.
Bar rick, Matthew J., Steward.
Barrie, John, Seaman.
Barry, Patrick, Coalheaver.
Bastien, Amedi, Seaman.
Beauchamp, Isidore, Seaman.
Benjamin, John, Seaman.
Bentley, Wilbur, Seaman.
Bienfeld, Austin, Coalheaver.
Bishop, William, Seaman.
Botten, C. W., Acting Master's

Mate.
Burns, Luke, Seaman.
Burns, Patrick, Seaman.
Cable, Charles, Seaman.
Carr, Francis, Seaman.
Clifton, James, Seaman.
Coffinberry, H. D., Act. Master.
Cogswell, Henry D., Landsman.
Cort, Edward, Seaman.
Cort, William, Seaman.
Cox, Robert, Powder Boy.

Craddock, Thomas, Master-at- ^
Arms. ■$

Crawford, Hiram, Seaman.

Cummings, John, Boatswain's
Mate.

Cuneula, John, Seaman.

Curwen, John, Seaman.

Cusack, Patrick, Seaman.

Dabney, James H., Seaman.

Dardus, John, Seaman.

Day, H. W., Seaman.

Donoghue, Patrick, Seaman.

Dorse}', Robert, Seaman.

Downs, Dennis, Fireman.

Downs, John, Seaman.

Doyle, Harry, Landsman.

Doyle, John, Landsman.

Dunn, James, Landsman.

Dwyer, James W., Able Seaman.

Edwards, Alexander, Seaman.

Fannen, Thomas, Fireman.

Fanning, William F., Seaman.

Field, George E., Seaman.

Fitzgerald, R., Seaman.

Fitzpatrick, John P., Fireman.

Flint, James, Seaman.

Fournier, Joseph, Seaman.

Freeman, George W., Seaman.

Fretter, George, Seaman.

Fretter, Peter, Seaman.

Galtner, John, Seaman.

Garrett, Harmon V., Seaman.

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764

ROLL OF HONOR.

Gaw, George, Searnan.
Gliues, George W., Seaman.
Gorlay, S. B., Seaman.
Gravelle, Francis K., Seaman.
Gray, Frank, Seaman.
Hanna, H. M., Ass't Paymaster.
Hannan, John, Seaman.
Hard}', Bernard, Seaman.
Hardy, Thomas, Seaman.
Harmon, John, Seaman.
Harris, John, Landsman.
Harris, William, Seaman.
Hart, William, Seaman.
Harty, John, Seaman.
Harvey, A. B., Seaman.
Haskiu, Colvin, Seaman.
Heenan, Francisco, Seaman.
Henry, William, Seaman.
Hickey, Michael, Coalheaver.
Hill, George, Seaman.
Hitchesou, H. H., Seaman.
Hogan, William, Boy.
Hogan, William M., Seaman.
Horton, James, Seaman.
Hortou, R. H., Seaman.
Houk, William M., Fireman.
Hoyt, Jesse, Seaman.
Hughes, Michael, Q. M.
Inglis, Thomas, Steward.
Jayred, William H., Seaman.
Kelley, James, Seaman.
Kane, John, Fireman.
Karduor, Peter, Seaman.
Keam, Patrick, Seaman.
Keuney,John, Seaman.
Kent, Hampton H., Seaman.
Keyes, A. G., Seaman.
King, Alfred, Gunner's Mate.
King, John W., Seaman.
King, Michael, Landsman.

Klooz, George, Seaman.
Knapp, John, Steward.
Knapp, John W., Seaman.
Kouze, H., Seaman.
Kuederle, Anthony, Seaman.
Laird, John, Seaman.
Landphair, John, Seaman.
Lauber, Nelson, Seaman.
Lettary, Paul, Seaman.
Lewis, Charles, Fireman.
Liddell, James F., Fireman, first

class.
Lindsay, Thomas, Paymaster's

Clerk.
Lingham, Joseph, Seaman.
Mahan, Patrick, Seaman.
Mahoney, Theobald, Seaman.
Martin, John, Carpenter.
Mason, Joseph, Seaman.
Matthews, William, Seaman.
Mayo, Thomas, Seaman.
McCann, George, Boy.
McCann, John, Cook.
McDonald, John, Seaman.
McGowen, James, Seaman.
McGuigan, Patrick, Landsman.
McGurk, Hugh, Seaman.
McLean, Hugh, Fireman.
McNichol, George, Seaman.
Miller, John, Seaman.
Minahan, John, Landsman.
Mitchel, Thomas, Seaman.
Mizner, Charles F., Steward.
Mooney, Edward, Able Seaman.
Moore, John, Seaman.
Morgan, I. N., Cook.
Morgan, John H., Seaman.
Murphy, Michael, Fireman.
Murphy, Thomas, Seaman.
Myers, Philip H., Able Seaman.

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ROLL OF HONOR.

765

Nickerson, V. D., Paymaster's

Clerk.
O'Brien, Jeremiah, Coalheaver.
O'Connor, Joseph, Cooper.
Page, James G., Seaman.
Palmer, E. B., Sur. Steward.
Parker, Peter, Seaman.
Paul, Archy, Seaman.
Pease, Calvin, Seaman.
Plaisted, C. M., Seaman.
Pletscher, Adolph, Seaman.
Pollock, Samuel J., Clerk.
Powers, Morris, Landsman.
Proudfoot, William, Seaman.
Quayle, Thomas E., Act. Master's

Mate.
Quigley, Thomas, Seaman.
Reckford, Erastus, Seaman.
Ring, William F., Seaman.
Riordon, Jeremiah, Seaman.
Robinson, C. F., Seaman.
Rozell, Samuel, Seaman.
Ryan, Michael S., Cook.
Ryan, Philip, Fireman.
Schrier, A. J., Seaman.
Schuetzler, John M., Landsman.
Shaffer, Charles N., Seaman.
Sheridan, Matthew, Painter.
Shipman, Edward, Seaman.
Sidney, Morris, Seaman.
Sleevens, Charles, Seaman.
Smith, John, Able Seaman.
Smith, John, Seaman.

Smith, Joseph, Seaman.
Smith, William, Seaman.
Smither, John, Seaman.
Sumner, Charles, Gunner's Mate.
Talcott, W. H., Seaman.
Tighe, James, Seaman.
Tovat, Charles, Steward.
Tunner, John, Seaman.
Twitchell, Lorenzo W., Lands-
man.
Udall, Larkiu L., Seaman.
Uhl, Louis, Seaman.
Vance, John Thomas, Landsm'n.
Vandevelde, James F., Fireman.
Vanorsdall, Gilbert, Landsman.
Walsh, P. H., Seaman.
Walton, Thomas I., Seaman.
Wanser, John A., Seaman.
Warren, James H., Seaman.
Watson, George, Seaman.
Webb, Edwin, Seaman.
Wells, James, Seaman.
West, Thomas, Ensign.
Wheeler, Harrison, Seaman.
White, C, Cook.
White, Lewis, Seaman.
Willett, James William, Seaman.
Williams, Charles, Seaman.
Williams, Robert, Seaman.
Wilson, Walter, Seaman.
Wood, W. F., Seaman.
Woodard, Benjamin, Seaman.
Younker, A. P., Seaman.

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STAFF APPOINTMENTS.

Brig. Gen. J. H. Devereaux, Sup't
Military Railroads.

Brev. Brig. Gen. J. J. Elwell, A.
Q. M.

Brev. Brig. Gen. Anson Stager,
A. Q. M.

Col. Calvin Goddard, A. A. G.

Lieut. Col. John Dolman, Pay-
master.

Major Fayette Brown, Paymas-
ter.

Major John Coon, Paymaster.

Major A. G. Hart, Surgeon.

Major Frank H. Hinman, Pay-
master.

Major Horace A. Hutchins, Pay-
master.

Major Rufus C. McConnell, Pay-
master.

Major W. M. Prentice, Surgeon.

Major Rufus C. Spalding, Pay-
master.

Capt. J. H. Clark, A. C. S.

Capt. A. H. Comstock, A. O. M.

Capt. David A. Dangler, A. Q. M.

Capt. Simon Perkins, A. Q. M.

Capt. Basil L, Spangler, A. Q. M.

Capt. Sherwood H. Stilson, A.
A. G.

Capt. Randall P. Wade, A. Q. M.

WAR SECRETARY OF STATE OF OHIO,
Major William W. Armstrong.

=7*

NORTHERN OHIO WOMEN'S AID SOCIETY.

Women's Aid Society and Sanitary Commission.

President,

Mrs. B. Rouse.
Vice Presidents,

Mesdanies

Lewis Burton,

J. A. Harris,

William Melhinch,

John Shelley.
Secretary,

Miss Mary Clark Brayton.
Treasurer,

Miss Ellen F. Terry.
Assistant,

Miss Sara Mahan.

Committees,
Mesdanies
S. Belden,

George A. Benedict,
Thomas Bolton,
Bolivar Butts,
J. H. Chase,
D. Chittenden,
William Collins,
John Coon,
John Crowell,
Charles M. Giddings,
Hiram Griswold,
Albert M. Harman,

B. Harrington,
Charles Hickox,
D. Howe,

L. M. Hubby,
Hiram Iddings,
Joseph Lyman,
Emma L. Miller,
William Mittleberger,
Henry Newberry,
Joseph Perkins,
J. M. Richards,
J. H. Sargent,
Philo Scovill,
W. E. Standart,

C. A. Terry,
Peter Thatcher,
J. H. Wade,

S. W. Williamson,
M. C. Younglove,
Miss Mary Shelley,
Miss Carrie P. Younglove.
Assistants,
Mesdames
H. G. Abbey,
L. Alcott,
James Barnett,
Bereslin,

William Bingham,
William J. Boardmau,

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C. D. Brayton,
Thomas Burnhani,
W. B. Castle,
Randall Crawford,
S. W. Crittenden,
George B. Ely,
A. Foote,
A. Fuller,

E. F. Gaylord,
S. O. Griswold,
Dr. Hopkins,
H. B. Hurlbut,
G. A. Hyde,
Dr. Isom,

T. M. Kelley,
Knowlton,
R. Lauderdale,
C. W. Lepper,
H. H. Little,
Dr. Merritt,
George Mygatt,
Stanley Noble,
R. F. Faine,

F. W. Parsons,
R. P. Rauney,
William Rattle,
J. O. Seymour,
O. B. Skinner,
S. A.Smith,
\V. T. Smith,
Southworth,

J. T. Stephens,
John M. Sterling,
Dr. Thayer,
Edwin Thayer,
Clark Warren,

Charles Wheeler,
George Whitelaw,
George Willey,
R. C. Yates,
Miss Annie Baldwin,
Miss Annette Barnett,
Miss Bredy,
Miss Belle Carter,
Misses Kellogg,
Miss Lily Walton,
Miss Clara Woolsou.

Document Assistants,
Miss Nettie Brayton,
Miss Annie Carter,
Mrs. William dishing,
Miss Georgia Gordon,
Miss Carrie Grant,
Miss Helen Lester,
Miss Nellie Russell.

Sanitary Fair Chairmen,

Mesdames

T. N. Bond,

George W. Brainard,

Fayette Brown,

A. G. Colwell,

Dr. E. Sterling.
Secretaries,

Mesdames

William Edwards,

A. W. Fairbanks,

Joseph Hayward,

A. B. Stone,

Miss Laura W. Sterling.

Matron,

Mrs. Abigail H. Burrows.

♦*

v ■

♦a

ROLL OF HONOR. 769

The foregoing list of names was held open for addi-
tions, erasures and corrections np to the time of the
publication of this volume. The war records were
searched, large correspondence entered into, careful
inquiry made from Comrades, their families and close
friends ; in fact, every available means of information
was sought, in order that all of the names of the hon-
orably discharged Soldiers and Sailors who enlisted or
were appointed from Cuyahoga County would be recog-
nized and perpetuated. Reference was made to the
record of each Comrade, as compiled from the original
muster rolls published by the State in the Roster of
Ohio Soldiers. In every case where the record could
not be traced to an honorable discharge, the name has
been omitted. Special attention was given to the
proper spelling of each Comrade's name, as well as to
confer the title that each one was entitled to and pre-
ferred. We therefore feel free in saying that the Roll
of Honor herein published is as accurate as it has been
possible to make it.

At this writing, nearly thirty years after the close of
the Civil War, how thin the ranks of the Boys in Blue
have grown ! The solid column of beardless youth and
vigorous manhood has now become merely a skirmish
line of middle life and grizzled, gray-haired old age ;
strongly reminded of the past by their aches and pains ;
filled with reminiscences of the battlefield, the long
marches, the camp, the lonely midnight vigils on the
picket post, the harrowing scenes in the hospital and
prison pen, the lack of proper food, water and clothing,
but ever treasuring in fond memory the sweet ties of
sacred comradeship. The vast majority have responded
to their final "roll-call" on earth. When in the course
of human events another three decades of time will
have come and gone, practically all of the volunteer
defenders of their country will have heard "taps"

y/O ROLL OF HONOR.

sounded for the last time ; their " lights " will have
been snuffed out ; they will have answered "here!" to
the " bugle call" of the Grand Commander on high;
they will be " at rest " in everlasting happiness in
realms beyond the sky, where rank and station are un-
known : Soldiers in the Army of the Lord, under whose
banner love and peace will have taken the place ot
jealousy and rebellion ; with the consoling reflection to
each and all of them that they did their humble part,
as circumstances and opportunity offered, while num-
bered among the living, in saving and making free the
grandest Republic in the world.

God bless the memory and heroic deeds of the gal-
lant Boys in Blue, who preserved our Nation from foes
within as well as from enemies without ; and may the
kind Ruler of the Universe watch over, guard and pro-
tect the United States of America — our matchless
country — and its free institutions forever, is the fervent

prayer of

The Author.

ESTO PERPETUA.

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Full text of "History of Cuyahoga County soldiers' and sailors' monument. Scenes and incidents from its inception to its completion.--Description of the memorial structure, and roll of honor"

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