History of the diocese of Meath

HISTORY

OF

THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

BY

| JOHN HEALY, LL.D.

Rector of Kells t and Canon of St. Patrick's, Dublin

IN TWO VOLUMES

VOL. II.

DUBLIN:

ASSOCIATION FOR PROMOTING CHRISTIAN KNOWLEDGE
37 DAWSON STREET

1908

PRINTED BY

SEALY, BRTERS AND WALKEK.

MIDDLE ABBEY STREET,

DUBLIN.

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER XXIV.

THE REVOLUTION. Page

Deputation to the Prince of Orange Thanksgiving Ser-
vices Non- Jurors Continued disturbances Sermon by
Bishop Dopping Collection in aid of the Distressed
Clergy An insolent Letter and its sequel Difficulties
as to Patronage Dopping proposed for the Archbishopric
of Dublin Objections . . . . . . . . i

CHAPTER XXV.

BISHOP DOPPING'S VISITATION RETURN.

Recovery of the Church after fifty years of trial Church
fabrics Derelict Parishes Difficulty in levying Rates
for the Repair of Churches Causes of Non-residence
Unions Alienation of Church Property how the
number of Protestants might be increased Rural Deans
Irish Bible Service for Receiving Lapsed Protestants
Comparison between Dopping and King Character
of Bishop Dopping . . . . . . . . 12

CHAPTER XXVI.

EARLY YEARS OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY.

Appointment of new Bishop Letter from Bishop King
Bishop Richard Tennison A new Era Unknown
Benefactors Trim Castlelost Remission of First
Fruits Bishop William Moreton the Jansenists
Bishop John Evans Archbishop King's opinion of him
Bishop Henry Downes Bishop Ralph Lambert
Swift on Preferment in the Irish Church . . . . 25

CHAPTER XXVII.

" STATE OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH," UNDER BISHOP ELLIS.

Date of Manuscript Bishop Welbore Ellis His Funeral
Crozier and Mitre Repair of Churches Church
Furniture Communion Vessels Services Education
Pluralities and Non-residence Incomes of the Clergy
Various information . . 35

IV CONTENTS

Page
CHAPTER XXVIII.

GLIMPSES OF CHURCH LIFE.

Dean Swift His Incumbency at Laracor Description of a
Country Parson Goldsmith's description Incomes
Preaching Wesley's account of Preaching at Athlone
Parishioners Bad behaviour at Church Repairs of
Churches A movable Pulpit Burials in Church-
Stocks Church Wardens Temperance Swift and
Bishop Evans Remarkable Letters Swift's friendliness
to Bishop Downes . . . . . . * 49

CHAPTER XXIX.
PENAL LAWS.

Penal Laws existed before the Reformation Archbishop
King on Penal Laws Toleration not understood
Political aspect Administration Number of Roman
Catholic Clergy in Meath Appointment of a new Roman
Catholic Bishop Decreasing rigour An incident in
Dublin Attempts at Conversion of Roman Catholics-
Charter Schools Roll of Converts Lord Dunboyne . . 67

CHAPTER XXX.

METHODISM.

Principally in Westmeath Wesley's succes; Friendliness
to the Church Opposition The Vicar of Delvin espouses
the cause of the Methodists Letters to Bishop Maule . . 81

CHAPTER XXXI.

BISHOPS OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY.

Many changes Bishop Arthur Price Begins to build at
Ardbraccan Translated to Cashel Dismantles the old
Cathedral Bishop Henry Maule Charter School at
Ardbraccan Industrial Reforms Wilson's Hospital
Visitations Widows' Fund Bishop Montgomery's
Tomb Projected History of Ireland Bishop Carmichael
Bishop Pococke Mervyn Archdall Bishop Arthur
Smyth Bishop Maxwell . . . . . . . . 92

CHAPTER XXXII.

THE REBELLION OF 1798.

United Irishmen Influence of the French Revolution-
Opposition of the Roman Catholic Bishops Battle of
Tara Destruction of Church Property Skirmishes . . 104

CONTENTS V

Page
CHAPTER XXXIII.

BISHOP THOMAS LEWIS O'BEIRNE.

Early Life enters St. Omer's College Joins the Church of
England Ordination Vicar of Grendon Misrepresenta-
tions of some Writers Statement in Parliament
Voyage to America Literary Work Return to Ireland
Correspondence with Dr. Plunkett Story of his Intro-
duction to Lord Portsmouth Marriage of Mrs. Fitz-
herbert Appointment as Bishop of Ossory Translation
to Meath Manifesto in favour of the Union
Memorandum on the Union of the Churches Maynooth
O'Beirne as a Preacher his Literary Works . . no

CHAPTER XXXIV.

MEATH IN 1799.

Queries of Bishop O'Beirne Pluralities and Non-residence
Bishop's views on Ecclesiastical Discipline Curates
Church Fabrics Glebe Houses -Tithes Church Services
Diocesan School Parish Schools Parish Clerks
Charities of Athboy . . . . . . . . 130

CHAPTER XXXV.
TWENTY-FIVE YEARS OF PROGRESS.

Residence enforced - - Excommunication - - Building of
Churches and Glebe Houses Visitation Charge on
Preaching Dean Kirwan His School of Eloquence-
Sectaries Hibernian Bible Society -Clerical Meetings
Last Confirmation Tour Tablet in Ardbraccan Church 148

CHAPTER XXXVI.

THE TITHE WAR.

Bishop Nathaniel Alexander Daniel O'Connell Anti-tithe
Movement Agitation The Catholic Association -
Castlepollard Kentstown End of the Agitation-
Account of the Parish of Athlone in 1826 Report of
the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, 1833 Incomes
Population Church Temporalities Act The National
Board . . .... 164

VI CONTENTS

It

Paw
CHAPTER XXXVII.

MIDDLE OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.

Bishop Dickenson Bishop Stopford Protestant Orphan
Society Deanery of Clonmacnoise Dr. Brooke's
Recollections of Meath Clergy Bishop Townsend
Bishop Singer National Board and Church Education
Archdeacon Stopford Preaching Gown Scripture
Readers The Great Revival Death of Bishop Singer-
Appointment of Bishop Butcher . . . . . . 178

CHAPTER XXXVIII.
THE EVE OF DISESTABLISHMENT.

Census of 1861 Disendowment an English Movement
Royal Commission of 1867 Statistics of Meath
Proposal to suppress the Bishopric of Meath Mr.
Gladstone's Disendowment Resolutions Action of
Archdeacon Stopford Diocesan Conference The Bill
passed Choral Unions for Meath and Westmeath . . 193

CHAPTER XXXIX.

RECONSTRUCTION.

%

Preparations for Disestablishment Convocation The
General Convention Diocesan Synod The Bishops'
Veto Meeting of the Convention System of Nomina-
tion Resignation of Archdeacon Lee Ecclesiastical
Tribunals The Diocesan Synod Diocesan Council-
Finances of Meath Profits of Commutation The
Financial Scheme . . 202

CHAPTER XL.
THE FIRST EPISCOPAL ELECTION.

Death of Bishop Butcher Memorial Exhibitions founded in
T.C.D. Meeting of the Synod Election of Lord Plunket
Letters to his Mother His Sympathy with Reformation
Movements abroad The Episcopal Fund Palace at
Ardbraccan Church Restoration The Land League . . 217

CONTENTS Vll

Page
CHAPTER XLI.

BISHOPS REICHEL AND PEACOCKE.

Translation of Lord Plunket to Dublin Election of Bishop
Reichel his Preaching Precedence of the Diocese of
Meath Decision of the Court of the General Synod
Meath Board of Education Morgan, Bolton, and
Cairnes Funds Death of Bishop Reichel Death of Mr.
T. P. Cairnes Election of Bishop Peacocke His
Translation to Dublin . . . . . . . . 229

CHAPTER XLII.
A FINAL RETROSPECT.

Election of Bishop Keene Supplemental Scheme Super-
annuation Deaths of Mr. Robert Fowler, Archdeacon
Nugent, and Rev. A. T. Harvey Other Workers in the
Diocese New Churches Restorations Finances The
Coote Bequest Emigration Conclusion . . . . 240

APPENDIX.

I. Church Plate . . . . . . . . 255

II. Bishops of Meath . . . . . . . . 269

III. Bishops of Clonmacnoise . . . . . . 274

IV. Archdeacons of Meath . . . . . . . . 276

V. Deans of Clonmacnoise . . . . . . 278

VI. Archdeacons of Clonmacnoise . . . . . . 279

VII. Canons of Clonmacnoise . . . . . . 279

VIII. Archdeacons of Kells . . . . . . . . 279

IX. Canons of the National Cathedral of St. Patrick,

Dublin . . . . . . . . . . 280

X. Succession of the Clergy . . ... . . 280

INDEX

HISTORY

OF THE

DIOCESE OF MEATH.

_*_

CHAPTER XXIV.

THE REVOLUTION.

As soon as the issue of the battle of the Boyne was
known, there was a great sigh of relief from the whole
Protestant community of Ireland. After the fight,
King Wiliiam proceeded towards Dublin, and pitched
his camp at Finglas. The church clergymen who were
left in Dublin immediately formed themselves into a
deputation, and waited on the Prince of Orange.
They were headed by the Bishop of Meath, who in
their name presented an address of welcome and
congratulation, at the same time expressing their
loyalty to him, and their prayers for his welfare.

On the Sunday following, a Thanksgiving Service
was held in Saint Patrick's Cathedral in which the
bishop took a prominent part. 1 Another similar
service was held in Christ Church shortly after, at
which Bishop Dopping preached. Some extracts
from his sermon on that occasion have already been
given. It will thus be seen that our bishop lost no
time in transferring his allegiance to the conqueror.

i Mant.
VOL. II. B

2 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

Dopping's detractors put this down to his time-serving
spirit, but another and more honourable explanation
can easily be given, and there is no reason to suppose
that he was actuated by any but the highest and most
patriotic motives.

Nearly all the bishops followed the lead of Dopping.
There were, however, among them two non-jurors.
One was Sheridan, Bishop of Kilmore, who " retaliated
the injuries inflicted on him from his late sovereign
by a faithful and immovable allegiance." He left
his diocese and went over to England, and was there-
upon deprived, ostensibly because he had absented
himself from his diocese without licence, but, of course,
really because he refused to take the oath of allegiance.
The other non- juror was Otway, Bishop of Ossory.
An order for his suspension was issued, but Bishop
Dopping interceded for him, and urged that " he that
continues steadfast to the late King, from whom he
received so many disobligations, and so slender a
protection, will be much more so to his Majesty, when
his judgment is convinced." 2 Dopping also wrote to
Otway, setting forth the reasons why in his judgment
the Prince of Orange should be acknowledged. Whether
he succeeded in convincing him, or whether, being such
an old man, it was deemed advisable to condone his
offence, is not clear, but at all events, he was allowed
to retain his See until his death, which occurred two
years later.

While the war between the rival monarchs still
continued a special form of prayer, suggested and
probably drawn up by Bishop Dopping, was used in
the churches every Friday, which day was set apart
as a fast day, " appointed by the King and Queen
for supplicating Almighty God for the pardon of our

1 Mant, Preface to vol. ii.. History of the Church f>f JvJanil.

THE REVOLUTION 3

sins, and for imploring His blessing on their forces
by land and sea." Among the prayers was one for
the Protestants in those parts of the country where
King James still retained his hold. It was entitled :
" A Prayer for the rest of our brethren that are not
yet delivered." This service was first used on the sixth
of August, 1690.

Though the victory of the Boyne sealed the fate
of King James, it was not to be expected that the
turmoil of the country would be quelled in a moment.
Not only were King James's soldiers still in the field,
but the presence of even a friendly army, especially
under the rules of warfare which obtained in those days,
was not a thing that made for order or quietude.
The Diocese of Meath that had suffered from the
rabble, now suffered from the violence of the soldiers.
The newly-regained power of the Protestants was not
always used with due moderation, nor were men ready,
after so much disorder, to settle down at once to
peaceful pursuits. Another of Bishop Dopping's
sermons, preached about this time, gives a glimpse
of the sad condition in which the country remained
for some time. He is preaching from the text (Daniel
x., 2, 3), " In those days I Daniel was mourning three
full weeks ; I ate no pleasant bread, neither came flesh
nor wine in my mouth, neither did I anoint myself at
all, till three whole weeks were fulfilled ; " and he
is urging the duty of humiliation and fasting, in view
of the calamities of the country. He goes on to say :

I shall only confine myself to the state and condition of
our own affairs, which certainly call upon us for a severer exercise
of mortification than we have hitherto practised. How many of
our brethren do still stay behind to enjoy that ease and plenty
in England which they do not expect to meet with in this
afflicted country, being neither touched with a feeling of the
private sufferings nor a sense of the public calamities that are

4 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

upon the nation. What industrious arts we used to protract
the war, and hinder the progress of that deliverance which God
Had so happily wrought for us

We have likewise reason to fast and mourn because of
the dismal state and condition of the kingdom wherein we live.
We may take up the sad lamentation of the prophet Isaiah :
' Your country is desolate, your cities are burned with fire,
your land is destroyed by strangers in your presence, and it is
desolate as overthrown by strangers ; and the daughter of Zion
is left as a cottage in a vineyard, as a lodge in a garden of
cucumbers, and as a besieged city.' Our stately houses are
burnt with fire, our costly and expensive improvements cut
down and destroyed ; some of our brethren are still under the
power of their enemies, and those that are escaped them are
forced to leave all behind them, and count it as an happiness
that their lives are safe. . . . Our treacherous and disguised
friends do secretly contrive our ruin by betraying our counsels,
and endeavouring to disturb the public peace. Our deliverers
oppress their friends whom they came to protect, and after
that they have rescued them from the power of their enemies,
they reserve them to fall as a sacrifice by their own hands, and
think themselves to have a just title to all that they possess,
because of the deliverance which they have brought them.

We are relapsed into the same sins that we solemnly
renounced, and have practised the same inhumanities towards
our enemies that we condemned in them towards ourselves.
We called it plundering and injustice when they seized upon
our goods, but we count it none in ourselves to take away theirs
on the pretence of reprisals for our losses ; and now that God
has put it in our power to return good for evil, and observe
that excellent rule of not doing to another what we would not
have done to ourselves, we are so far from being induced to
practice it, that we count it a lawful prize, and think it to be
as innocent a game as that of the Israelites in spoiling the
Egyptians. 3

It is clear from this that Dopping was as unsparing
in rebuking his friends as he had been formerly in
resisting his foes. When such a picture could be drawn,
we are not surprised to find that there was much
suffering and even destitution amongst the clergy.

MS. Sermons, T.C.D.

THE REVOLUTION 5

The bishop did something more than declaim on this
subject. He made an appeal to his friends in England,
and was able to collect a substantial sum for the
purpose of meeting their present necessities. In
connection with this appeal, the Bishop of London wrote
a letter to Dopping, in which there are some extra-
ordinary statements. The date of the letter is the
25th of September, 1690, a time when things were still
in the greatest disorder, and when the majority of the
clergy had been for several years without having
received any income from their benefices. It seems
to suggest that then, as so often before and since,
Englishmen were profoundly ignorant of what was
going on in the sister island. Whatever explanation
may be given of it, the letter is curious and interesting.
The Bishop of London says :

I am told that the clergy of Ireland lived in great luxury,
particularly as to apparel and equipage, and, indeed we had
some specimens come over hither now and then that made it
the more suspicious. We have heard likewise great complaints
of non-residence, and dispensations for holding benefices at
extravagant distances. It is said that there are in many places
very unreasonable unions of parishes, in quality as well as
number. It has been talked as if some who formerly recom-
mended to church preferments had too great a regard to their
secular friends and relations. 4

The Bishop of London was, no doubt, right in the
matter of non-residence and unsuitable unions of
parishes, but he does not seem to recognize that the
fault lay with the English rulers. As to the luxury of
apparel and equipage, it is quite certain that it
was not kept up by the income of the benefices,
Possibly some of those non-residents, who were better
known in London than in their own parishes, may have
made an ostentatious display, but they were men,

4 Doppiny Correspondence, Armagh.

HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

appointed for the most part by the crown, who had
other sources of income, and who regarded the tithes
of their parishes in Ireland as additions given to
reward them for political or other services.

As soon as peace was restored Bishop Dopping lost
no time in taking up the work of reorganization in
his diocese. What he accomplished in this respect
will form the subject of the next chapter. Here it
may be enough to point out some of the difficulties
he encountered, not from the Romish party, but from
his own co-religionists. The following insolent letter
from the Earl of Cavan tells its own story :

October the last, 1691.
MY LORD,

I onely wrote to you in Civility to lett you know whoe I
have appointed my Chaplin of Kilbeggan Parish, for that my
father, being non compos ment s appointed none of Harvie
in his life time, and Oliver Lambert presumptiously putt in
Harvie, and I with power now in my Pattent from the former
Kings of England putts in Griffith, and if you please to
oblidge me in granting him a Licence you may ; if not, I make
bould to tell you I will keepe Griffith in posson of the place
turne him out you, if you can, for I will uphould him as farr
as the Law will allow me ag st them that will oppose him, for
it is my right to p r sent a minist r as it is for me to receive my
Rents out of my Estate. I suppose you would keepe in Harvey
upon your freind Oliv r Lamberts acco*, being your ould
acquaintance, but I assure your Lordshipp you will finde that

1 am not the man that has beene rep r sented to you and other
noted men in this Kingdome, when occation shall offer I am
onely to p r sent a minis t r to you, and if you wont except of
him I can put in afterwards whome I please, and soe assure
your selfe for truth from

Your Lordpps humble Serv 1 ,

CAVAN.

If you will put in a minister (without my ord") as long as I
have p r sented one to you already, I doe assure your Lordpp.
I will make bould to turne him out by the should. 5

5 Dopping Correspondence.

THE REVOLUTION 7

It is amusing, but at the same time pathetic, to
contrast this letter with another written to Bishop
Dopping by the same nobleman a few years later :

% Stober y e 29th, '96.
My L d ,

Amongst All the Rest of y r kindnesses to me, I have ons
Request more to beg of you, y* Is to App r In Person att ye
Councill Board to morrow and to give me yo r Assistance there,
otherwise I may Perish In the Streetes for want of Lodgeing
and food, for there is some body or another y' has Invent*
damnable Lies of me, sayeing y 4 I reflect d on some of y*
Councill by way of discourse. Certtainly Had I done itt I
should be one of y e Cursedest Blockheads In y e world to
Reflect upon y m y t gives me my dayly Bread. Pray my Lo
stand my freind y* my allowance might nott be taken away
from me, and y 1 If itt Can be made app r upon Oath against
me y { ever I spoke scandelous words of any of the Privy
Councill I will \v th Hum ble Submission Beg their Pardon, butt
I know of no offence y* I have comitt d . there is a Tenn shills
a weeke w ch was laid up in m r Palmers Hands \v ch Comes now
to twenty Pounds due to me In arrears, and If they doe take it
away, god forgive y m . Pray my Lo be so kind as to desire y
to lett me have my arrea rs to buy me Cloathes w ch I am in much
need, and to maintaine me and Beare my Charges w n y e
wether settles to goe to England to wait on His Majesty,
for I know I shall nott have wherew th all to Beare my charges
Butt Must Beg att y e gentlemens Houses by y e way. Nott
Doubting y r Losp s Kindness,

I remaine,
Yo r Ldsps Most Humble Serv*,

CAVAN. 6

In 1694 some livings in the gift of Lord Drogheda
fell vacant, and Dopping thought it a good opportunity
to make some unions which would render the parishes
in the east end of the County Meath more workable.
He accordingly wrote to that nobleman, and suggested

* Dapping Correspondence,

8 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

that Julianstown should be given to Mr. Thomas
Langdale, if he were appointed by the Lords Justices
to Ballygarth, that Ardcath and Timoole should be
joined to Duleek, " which will make a competent
maintenance for a resident incumbent," and that
Moorechurch and Clonalvey should be joined to
Stamullen. There was a Mr. Brown at that time
incumbent of Clonalvey, but the bishop thought that
he might be dispossessed, as he was already a good
deal of a pluralist. He says "Mr. Brown by this means
will grow as fat in purse as he is in body, but he must
part with some things that he has, that he may not
grow too bulky, and if it were left to me, I could soon
resolve what they should be." The bishop concludes
his letter by saying : " My Lord, it is now in your
power to provide for the clamorous necessity of that
side of the country, and to prevent their complaints
for the future ; and if something be not done at this
time, the blame will lie at your lordship's door and not
at mine."

This request seemed reasonable enough ; it, how-
ever drew forth an extraordinary reply from Lord
Drogheda :

Dublin, the 5th ffebruary, 1694.

MY VERY GOOD LORD,

An old gentleman whose looks seem'd to crave a writt of
case, from having too many cures to serve (therefore should
be made a Bpp by my consent) deliverd me this day a Letter
from yo r Lordsp in somewhat an unusuall stile, which I cannot
but resent, it having been all ways my custome to consult
your Lordship in the disposeing of what livings fell in my
presentation, tho yo r Lordsp has been pleas 'd to be hard on me
since the Breach of Boyne, on that account, which I pass'd
by, rather than to have any difference with yo r Lordsp, whom
I ever honoured and esteem'd, but now I must take leave to
tell yo r Lordsp I shall present as I formerly writt you word,

THE REVOLUTION 9

and if my Presentations meet with any opposition I know what
I have to doe, tho it will be a trouble to me to have any
difference and dispute with a Bpp I soe much honour. I shall
ever endeavour to present those that will not neglect their
duty ; it is in your power to make them do it, tho not in your
power to refuse my presentation. I doe assure you Mr.
Browne did not say one word to me of Langdall nor any body
else, but I was and am resolved not to give any of my Livings
to Mrs. or Mr. Coote's chaplains, and my reasons I doe not
think fitt to mention, neither am I oblidged to it. Mr.
Higgins has undertaken to serve the cure of Duleek, and I
doubt not but he will performe.

Yo r Ldship in yo r Letter to me of the 3ist of the last
month is under great mistakes about the number of Denomi-
nations of Parishes that Mr. Browne has. You mention
Grangegeeth, Monknewtowne, Radrynagh, Knockamon, which
are Townes of mine in the Ldship of Mellefont, and not as you
apprehend them to be. I believe your Ldship knew the value
of the living of Trim much better than any Livings of mine,
and I believe would have been as well served and as much to
the glory of God if it had not been annexed to the Bpprick.
I am,

Yo r Lordships humble Servant,

DROGHEDA.

I have sent Mr. Higgins to wait on you and to satisfy
you, which is a compliment I might have let alone.

Yo r Ldship desird me in one of yo r Letters to give the
Living of Julianstowne to him whom the Lords Justices gave
Ballygart to, and att the same time recomended Langdall for
it to the Government, which was not clear yo r Lordship had
not yo r considering Cap on, if you had you would have writt
to the Lords Justices to have given Ballygart to the man that
I presented to Julianstowne, for if you had thought on it, I
am sure you know me so well that you might have been
confident it could have been done no other way to have joyned
those two livings. 7

Some further correspondence ensued, and evidently
a compromise was effected. The last letter preserved
is from Lord Drogheda, who says :

I this day received yo rs of the 6th, if yo r Lordsp has a
coppy of the Letter you writ to me as I have of that which I

7 Doppiny Correspondence.

10 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

writt to you, you will find who was the first egressor by way
of an angry stile. But as it is in Proverbs Chap, the 15, ver.
the ist, A soft answer turneth away wrath but grievous words
stir up anger, and in another Scripture, Lett not the sun goe
downe upon your wrath, and this I hope in God I shall stick
too, and I doubt not but yo r Lordship will doe the same.

The See of Dublin became vacant by the death of
Archbishop Francis Marsh on the i6th of December,
1693. Considering the eminent position which Bishop
Dopping held, and the invaluable services which he had
rendered in times of great trial, it was natural that his
name should be mentioned amongst those who were
likely to be advanced to the archiepiscopal dignity.
King William, however, seems never to have regarded
him with any great favour. Already the bishop had
given offence by a sermon in which he urged that the
articles of the treaty of Limerick should not be held
binding, and pleaded for stricter enforcement of the
laws against Roman Catholics. On that occasion
the King had expressed his great displeasure, and gave
orders that Dopping should be removed from the
Privy Council. Acting on the advice of the Bishop of
London, Bishop Dopping wrote to the King, giving
explanations and apologies, and shortly afterwards
received from that prelate a letter which told him
that " the King is very well satisfied with your
submission, and to give you an assurance that he has
laid aside all his displeasure, he has given order to my
Lord Sidney to restore you to all the marks of his
favour at his first arrival." 8

The offence was thus condoned, but it was not
forgotten. Other things, too, were remembered
against him, specially his adherence to the cause of
King James as long as the issue of the struggle was

8 Dopping Correspondence.

THE REVOLUTION II

in any doubt. During that time, too, he had made
enemies for himself among some of the Protestants,
who were not slow now in misrepresenting his conduct.
The Bishop of London tells him that " the objections
made by those who were against your promotion was
that you had been once very zealous for showing favour
to the Papist , and afterwards for having them all
hanged." In another letter he says :

I heard my Lord Sydney say he was not for your having
the archbishopric, because in King James' time you was for
destroying the Protestants (I suppose he meant the dissenters),
and in King William's time for routing the Papists.

In another letter he gives still further particulars :

I can only tell you at present that a speech in King James
his Parliament was extremely applauded ; so for abatement
I find it objected that you prayed at that time for the Prince
of Wales, moved for some severities against dissenters, and had
prayers for that King's success upon his expedition at the Boyne.
You felt what resentment was taken at your unseasonable
sermon, as it was then styled, the copy of which, to my grief,
I have been cheated of. The last offence taken was at your
appearing before our House of Lords, when they say you ought
not to have appeared, to give an account of what passed at a
Privy Council whereof you yourself was a member, and that
you laid your load upon others, when you yourself was most
forward in giving that advice which was complained of.

The result of all this was not only that Dopping
was passed over in the appointment of the arch-
bishopric, but that to the end of his days he continued
to be more or less under a cloud. In the meantime
he had work enough to do in his Diocese of Meath,
where all things needed rearrangement. His efforts
in this direction will form the subject of our next
chapter.

CHAPTER XXV.

BISHOP DOPPING'S VISITATION RETURN.

THE establishment of the power of William III. marks
for us the end of a long period of suffering and disaster,
and the dawning of more peaceful days for the Church
of Ireland. For fifty years she had gone through
troubles such as she had never seen before, and has
never seen since. Three separate attempts had been
made to blot her out of existence : first, by the rebels
of 1641 and the " Catholic Confederation " which they
established ; secondly by the Puritans under Cromwell ;
and thirdly, by King James II. After such a period
of trial we can scarcely wonder that she was weak and
exhausted, and that the process of recovery was slow.
It is to be feared also that the lessons of adversity were
but imperfectly learned. Statesmen tried to help the
Church in their blundering way by the enactment of
penal laws, but life and vigour could never be given
by means such as these. Indeed, the penal laws have
hindered our Church more than anything else in her
whole history. All this, however, belongs to a later
period. Our present task is to show the condition
of the Church after those fifty years of warfare and
tribulation, and the efforts that were made by her
rulers to heal the wounds that she had received.

Happily, the materials at our disposal, as far as the
Diocese of Meath is concerned, are all that could be
desired. A Royal Visitation was held in the year
1693, and the report then drawn up by Bishop Dopping

BISHOP DOPPING'S VISITATION RETURN 13

is still preserved. 1 This describes for us the state of
the diocese in detail, giving the condition of every
district parish by parish. The description, on the
whole, is saddening. Again and again we have the
entry that the church is "in ruin since 1641." The
number of the clergy was few, and more than the fourth
part of them were non-resident ; others were pmralists,
having parishes so far asunder that it was utterly
impossible for the duties to be properly discharged.
Several parishes were without any provision for the
cure of souls.

A few extracts may be given as illustrations of the
condition of the several parishes, choice being made
of the more important centres. Of Mullingar the
bishop tells that it was formerly worth twenty-five
pounds per annum, but that the income was then not
more than seven pounds. The church and chancel
were repaired, but the vicar resided at Galtrim, which
parish he also held, and only gave the Mullingar people
a service once a fortnight. The large parish of Killucan
had a non-resident incumbent, who spent his time in
Dublin. His curate lived in the parish, and " preaches
as often as his age and infirmities permit." The
church and chancel were in very bad repair, and six
chapels of ease, which were situated in different parts
of the parish, were all in ruin. That part of the
country had suffered much in the recent troubles, and
was " mightily waste at present, not having above
fifteen Protestant families in it." In Duleek, and
indeed in a great many other parishes, they had service
only once a fortnight. " This church," we are told,
" was anciently a cathedral church, and the seat of a
bishop, but was reduced to the head of a rural deanery
by Cardinal Paparo in the year 1152 ; afterwards

1 Bishop Dopping's Report is in Marsh's Library. There is also a transcript
in the Record Office, Dublin.

14 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

impropriate to the abbey of Lanthony in England,
and upon the dissolution of the abbeys granted to Sir
Garrett Moor. It had organs and a choir in King
James the First his days, but upon granting away the
chantry lands which supported the expense of them,
it fell to decay. There are still standing the walls
of a fair large church and chancell, with two aisles
adjoining to it, but all out of repair these fifty years,
except the porch, where the parishioners assemble to
Divine service."

Of course, there are some reports more favourable
than these, but it is hard to find one in which the record
is altogether satisfactory. In Trim the church was in
good repair, and the services constantly maintained,
but the chancel was in ruin. In Kells, on the other
hand, the chancel was in repair, and the body 01 the
church in ruin. In several cases we are told that the
services were regularly conducted, though both church
and chancel were in ruin. For the most part no informa-
tion is given as to where the parishioners assembled.
Sometimes, however, we are told that they met in the
porch, as in the case of Duleek just quoted. In
Kentstown also, the porch was able to accommodate
the few parishioners who came to church. In other
places, we learn that they met in private houses. This
was the usage at Rathmolyon, Kilberry, Moynalty,
and a few other places. At Stackallen they made use
of the private chapel of Mr. Serjeant Osburn. At Navan
they repaired the Mass house, and held their service
there. No general effort seems to have been made
as yet to rebuild the churches.

Bishop Dopping sums up these several reports by
telling us that the diocese contained one hundred and
ninety-seven parish churches and one hundred and
six chapels of ease, but only forty-three churches in all

BISHOP DOPPING'S VISITATION RETURN 15

were in repair. There were fifty-five clergymen, fifteen
of whom were non-resident. There were one hundred
and forty-four impropriate churches and chapels in
the hands of lay persons. He adds that in 1688 there
were five other churches in repair, but they had been
ruined since that time by the late troubles. " All the
rest of the churches and chapels have been out of
repair ever since 1641, but the walls of them are still
standing."

The most interesting part of this report is the
conclusion, in which the bishop, under the heading
of " Observations," summarizes the results, and makes
suggestions as to what he considered necessary for the
future well-being of the Church. With the help of this,
it is possible to present a fairly accurate picture of
the condition of the Diocese of Meath at that time.

He begins by saying that of the impropriate parishes
in the hands of laymen, twenty had no provision for a
curate, and twenty-nine had only three pounds per
annum or less. These were the parishes that had
formerly belonged to the monasteries. In the time
of Henry VIII. they passed into lay hands, but it
was stipulated that in each case some provision
should be made for the spiritual wants of the people.
Unfortunately this duty was in most cases shamefully
neglected, and the government seems never to have
enforced the clauses in the patents which provided
for it. The result was that in fully half of the Diocese
of Meath, the vicarages were so poor that there could
be no adequate provision for the cure of souls.

Besides these, there were other parishes in which
the endowments were miserably small, or where such
large payments had to be made to the crown, that
scarcely anything was left for the incumbent. Then,
there were no less than fifty-nine parishes " either

l6 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

totally waste or impoverished by the late troubles."
The only way in which it was possible to provide for
these parishes was by union with some of the adjoining
churches. To facilitate this, an act had recently been
passed, but as yet only eleven such unions had been
effected, and in some of the eleven the validity of
the union was disputed.

The bishop directs attention to the number of
churches that were in ruin, and enumerates the causes.
They were threefold : first, the frequent wars and
troubles in the kingdom ; secondly, the neglect of the
parishioners, whose duty it was to keep the body of
the church in repair, and of the impropriators and
clergy, whose duty it was to look after the chancels ;
and thirdly, the weakness of ecclesiastical power, and
the great expense and delay of proceedings in the
ecclesiastical courts. These last were so cumbrous
and ineffective that the cost of recovering rates that
had been levied and not paid, swallowed up all the
proceeds, leaving nothing for the purpose for which
the rate was struck.

Bishop Dopping goes on to suggest some remedies
which might counteract these three things which had
caused the ruin of the churches ; and his suggestions
here throw a curious light on the ideas then held, as
to the nature of political and religious liberty. He
gives it as his opinion, that wars and commotions
may be prevented by hindering the Romanists from
sending their children to the Continent for education ;
by suffering none of them to be bred up in the inns of
court, " for it is," he says, " their lawyers have done
the greatest mischief, and formed and managed their
politics in all commotions ; " and by causing " Popish
minors that are heirs " to be brought up as Protestants.
In all this, of course, he only reflects the spirit of the

BISHOP DOPPING S VISITATION RETURN 17

age. People did not yet understand that these were un-
worthy means which defeated their own ends, because,
for one who would be gained by such devices great
numbers would be estranged, and bitter seeds of dis-
satisfaction would be sown, which it would take
generations to eradicate.

The reluctance of the people to pay the rates
levied for the repair of the churches he would meet by
simplifying the methods of procedure in the ecclesiastical
courts, and by giving imprisonment rather than
excommunication as a punishment for disobedience.
" Excommunication," he says, " is too dreadful and
severe a sentence to inflict for such small matters
as are usually the occasion of the contumacy ; " but
he admits that many of the people cared very little
for his excommunication, even though it were " the
last and highest act of the Church's censure." He
thinks that the chancels, at all events, might be put
in repair, as the rector in each case was liable for the
work. In the case of impropriate parishes the lay
rectors could be compelled by the King, " by suing
them on the clauses and covenants in their patents ; "
and where the rector was a clergyman, the bishop
could proceed by sequestrating the " issues and
profits " of his living. Voluntary effort, which has
become such a feature in modern church life, does not
seem to have suggested itself to his mind at all.

He then goes on to detail the causes why there were
so many non-resident clergymen. He gives six
reasons : first, the smallness of the livings, not able
each to maintain a resident minister ; second, the want
of Protestants to come to church ; third, the want of
glebes in some places, and in all, the decay of the manse
houses, by the frequent wars in this kingdom ; fourth,
the unequal distribution of livings, which being in the

VOL. II. C

18 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

hands of several patrons, are not disposed by them
with respect to their contiguity, or the convenience
of the parishioners ; fifth, defects and faults in the
faculties ; and sixth, the narrow bounds and limits of
several parishes.

He dwells at considerable length on all these six
points. Anyone who knows the Diocese of Meath
will recognize at once that several of these difficulties
might have been overcome by a judicious union of
parishes, and Dopping himself was strongly of this
way of thinking. Unfortunately, there were serious
obstacles in the way. He tells us that in the reign
of Charles II. an Act was passed to facilitate the union
of parishes, but, he says, " it proved a remedy almost
as bad as the disease ; for the incumbents being at
the charge of the unions, they fixed on such as were
most for their profit and advantage, or else would not
pass them ; by means whereof some parishes are left
without unions, and others are too large, and the
inhabitants dwelling too far from the parish church."
When a union was formed, it was clearly the intention
that the new parish should provide sufficient income
for the incumbent, so that he would be under no
temptation to accept other cures, the duty of which
he would not be able to accomplish. Some clergymen,
however, had obtained faculties which enabled them
to hold two of these unions, and thus the evil, so far
from being remedied, was only intensified by the
attempt made to cope with it.

According to Dopping, a great deal of church
property in the Diocese of Meath had been lost to the
Church, " partly from alienations formerly made,
partly from non-residence of the clergy in former times,
and the many revolutions and troubles in this
kingdom." He tells us also that a considerable portion

BISHOP DOPPING'S VISITATION RETURN 19

of church land in Meath had been included in the
forfeited estates, and had thus passed into other hands.
The bishop complains that the Lord Lieutenant and
Council had given orders to the Commissioners of the
Court of Claims " that all lands belonging to the Church
and others that were not returned in the Civil or Down
Survey to be their property, were to be deemed as
forfeited, and vested in his Majesty, to the uses of the
Act ; by means whereof, their glebes being small in most
places in some not exceeding two acres, and in many
not being full one were surveyed among the rest of
the forfeited lands as part of them, and no return made
in the surveys of the Church's right, and so the ancient
glebes are lost for ever, and the small pittance of glebes
that still remain and is mentioned in the surveys is in
danger to be lost by the clergy's non-residence."

The following are Dopping's ideas as to how the
" want of Protestants to come to church " might be
supplied. He says :

To remedy the want of Protestants, the putting the Acts
against recusants (i Eliz.) strictly into execution would be
very proper. By it, every one without cause absenting from
Common Prayer was to pay twelve pence a Sunday, which was
executed during all her reign and the reign of King James,
and some time in the beginning of King Charles I., but relaxed
on reasons of state, which proved the decay of the Protestant
religion in this kingdom. This would be a means to get the
King money, and the penalty is so easy that the recusant
would have no just reason to complain of it. Secondly, by
heartily endeavouring the conversion of the natives and the
bringing them over to our communion, wherein the state must
concur as well as the clergy. Thirdly, by sending missionary
preachers to preach to them in the Irish tongue. Fourthly,
by erecting English schools, and appointing salaries to the
masters of them, to instruct them gratis in the English tongue,
and obliging the masters to teach them the principles of religion,
as well as the English language. There was a statute passed
in this kingdom to that purpose (28 H. 8, c, 15), obliging every

2O HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

beneficed minister to keep an English school, and obliging
the bishop to give them the oath about it before institution
(which the bishops do) ; but the work is not done, partly by
the clergy's fault, who have other things to mind, but more
especially by the want of a penalty in the statute, obliging the
Irish to send their children to them. Fifthly, by banishing
their clergy, both regular and secular, there being little hopes
of converting the people whilst they are suffered in the kingdom.
Sixthly, by suppressing Popish school-masters, especially such
as teach Latin, for these men train up their children for very
little to the Latin tongue, till they are fit to be sent abroad,
where they are maintained out of charity, or by begging, till
they learn philosophy, and know how to read Mass, and then
they are put into Orders, and sent back as missionaries. The
late Act of Uniformity (17 Car. 2, c. 6) might put some stop
to this if it were pursued, but the justices of peace and the
gentlemen of the country are the persons that encourage them,
because they can get their children taught for little by them
in their houses.

The appointment of rural deans had gone out of
use, and Bishop Dopping proposes to restore them,
so that they may " inspect the manners of the clergy
and people, and certify the bishop of all emergencies,"
he would also have them " keep their rural chapters
as anciently they did." And he would further not
allow any clergyman to hold parishes in two rural
deaneries, " much less in several dioceses." He has
many other good suggestions about the building of
residences, and compelling the clergy to reside in them,
and several other points, which show that he had
thought much on these subjects. The pity was that
so few of the suggestions were ever translated into
action.

It will be noted that among other things, Dopping
advocated the sending of mission preachers among
the people, who would endeavour to reach the masses
by speaking to them in the Irish tongue. This was
a subject in which he seems to have taken a special

BISHOP DOPPING'S VISITATION RETURN 21

interest. Some years previously the Honourable
Robert Boyle " honourable by descent and parentage,
more to be honoured for his intellectual and moral
endowments ; still more worthy of honour as the great
Christian philosopher, who laboured to advance the
truth and glory of God " 2 took the work in hand
of publishing the Bible in Irish, and by his influence,
caused many of his fellow churchmen to take an
interest in the project. Amongst those who helped,
alike with advice and money, as we have already seen,
Dopping took a prominent part, and when the book was
at length published, the Preface was from the bishop's
pen. Several letters are preserved, discussing the
business arrangements, and it appears that five
hundred copies of the Testament were printed, at a
cost of four hundred pounds. This amount was
raised by subscription, and each subscriber received
a proportionate number of copies, according to the
amount of his contribution. Many of the subscriptions
were obtained at the personal solicitation of Bishop
Dopping. When the book was issued, he wrote to
Lady Ranelagh, expressing his approval of it .3

In the troubles of that time, it is to be feared
that the Church in the Diocese of Meath lost instead
of gaining, for some of her members had not the
courage of their convictions, and in the time of trial
apostatized from the faith. When peace was restored,
however, many of them sought reconciliation, and
for these, as well as for converts from Romanism,
Dopping drew up a form of service, which was entitled,
" A Form for Receiving Lapsed Protestants, and
Reconciling Converted Papists to our Church." This
form was for many years bound up with the Irish
Prayer Book, though it does not appear to have been

5 Mant. 3 Dopping Correspondence.

22 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

ever sanctioned either by convocation or synod. It
directs the clergyman of the parish to send the convert
to the bishop with an " Abrenunciation of Popery,"
of which three forms are given, one for ordinary
persons, another for persons of more liberal education,
and a third for priests or such as are likely to teach
others. On this document being signed, the registrar
is directed to give a certificate to the convert, for which
he is to charge one shilling and no more, and if he be
unwilling or unable to pay, " the bishop will take care
it be paid for him."

Armed with this certificate, the convert, having
given notice a week previously to the minister, is
brought up to the reading desk " by the church-
wardens, or two grave discreet parishioners or Christian
neighbours." The clergyman appeals to the con-
gregation to declare if any impediment exists why the
convert should not be received, and then charges
the man himself to disclose any unworthy motive which
may be influencing him to take this step. After that
the convert recites the Apostles' Creed, and reads the
" Schedule of his Penance," in which he acknowledges
his fault, and asks for reconciliation. Then the
minister asks the people to pray for the convert, and
some versicles and collects follow, after which comes
the Absolution, given with the laying on of hands :
" Our Lord Jesus, who hath commanded that repentance
and remission of sins should be published in His name
among all nations, of His great mercy give unto thee
true repentance, and forgive thee all thy sins. And
I His minister, by the authority committed unto me,
do absolve thee from all ecclesiastical censures which
thou hast or mayest have incurred by reason of thy
former errors, schisms, and heresies, and I restore thee
to the full communion of the Catholic Church. In the

BISHOP DOPPING'S VISITATION RETURN 23

Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy
Ghost. Amen." The Service concludes with the
Blessing.

Bishop Dopping continued to rule the Diocese of
Meath until his death, which took place in 1697. In
his last years, however, he had become somewhat
infirm, and was afflicted with deafness. As we have
seen, too, he was under the discountenance of the
government. If he had been a younger man he might
possibly have carried out some of those reforms the
need of which he insists on in these observations.
As it was, he had not the energy to do much, and it is to
be feared that for some years before his death the
diocese was without that strong ruling hand which
it needed so much. Archbishop King (but it must
be remembered that he was accused of being " a
positive opinionated man, wedded to his own way ")
makes a curious comparison between himself and
Bishop Dopping. He says :

I remember an understanding and sincere friend once
ingenuously told me that I was too rough and positive in my
treating my clergy, and proposed to me the example of the
late Bishop of Meath, Doctor Dopping, a person who was in
truth much better skilled in the laws and constitutions of the
Church than I was, had the good thereof as much at heart as
any man could have, was of a meek and gentle spirit, and
managed all things with mildness and gentle persuasion. I
asked my friend whether he was well acquainted with the
Dioceses of Meath and Deny, and desired him to tell me
whether of them he thought in best condition, as to churches
built and repaired, as to the progress of conformity, service
of the cures, and flourishing of the clergy as to their temporals.
He freely owned that Deny was in a much better condition
as to all these, and that it was due to the care that I had taken.
To which I replied that he knew that the churches had been
more destroyed in Deny, and the state of the clergy and
conformity more disturbed and wasted than in any place of
Ireland ; and yet in five or six years that I had been there bishop

24 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

it was put in a better posture' by the methods I took, than
Meath was in fifteen by the bishop's ; and that he might judge
by that which of the two were best.

From this we may gather that Dopping was of a
particularly amiable disposition, slow to censure
perhaps too slow and ready to let things pass rather
than speak an angry word. With such a disposition,
we are not surprised to learn that when he was first
raised to the episcopate his old parishioners in Dublin
presented him with a piece of plate as a token of their
esteem. Such a presentation meant more then than
it would now, for the act was not then as usual as
it has since become. King seems to suggest that he
lacked force of character. The recorded incidents
of his life do not give us such an idea of him. On the
contrary, he appears as a courageous man, who stood
his ground and did not desert his post during all the
troubles of the Revolution. Judging by the records
he has left, we would say that he was energetic in the
administration of his diocese. Very possibly his case
was of that kind which so often happens in this world :
in the weakness of his declining years the strength of
his years of vigour was forgotten. It was rather unfair
for a comparatively young man like King to compare
himself with one whose life was drawing to a close, and
the infirmities of whose age were to a great extent
caused by the sufferings that he had endured in defence
of the Church.

CHAPTER XXVI.

EARLY YEARS OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY.

UPON the death of Bishop Dopping, there was con-
siderable anxiety in the minds of those who had the
welfare of the Church at heart as to the appointment
of his successor. Those were days in which political
motives counted for much, and when the men who had
strong interest at court could generally obtain any
position that they desired ; but the suitability of the
candidate was often one of the last things that was
considered. The name of Bishop Fitzgerald of Clonfert
was very freely mentioned, and many were of opinion
that if he were translated to Meath it would prove
disastrous to the diocese. We have few particulars
about him, but we know that he was not highly thought
of by his contemporaries. When he was consecrated
to Clonfert, Archbishop Marsh of Cashel wrote in his
diary, " In which consecration I have had no hand ;
the Lord's Name be praised for it ! nor may I ever
be concerned in bringing unworthy men to the Church." 1
He was, besides, an old man, and had not the energy for
managing a diocese like Meath at such a time, even
if he had been otherwise suitable.

Bishop King of Derry, who was in many ways the
leading churchman of the time, was very much
exercised about the appointment, and spoke of Bishop
Fitzgerald as " the weakest of the order, and having
no qualification to recommend him." He also

Mant.

20 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

addressed a letter to Sir Robert Southwell on the
subject, which, as it throws a good deal of light on the
condition of Meath at that time, may here be given.
It is as follows :

L:derry, April 2Qth, 1697.
Sir,

I am very unwilling to give you any trouble except it
be on necessary occasions, and I look on the present as
eminently so. I understand by my letters from Dublin,
which I left on the twentieth instant, that since my coming
from thence it has pleased God to remove the Bishop of Meath,
a most useful and eminent pillar of our Church, before his late
impairment by sickness, and in particular my friend and
assistant, upon whose advice I would rely in matters of
moment. Tis of the last consequence to the Church here,
and to his Majesty's service, that that place be supplied with
a proper person. I will therefore take the liberty to lay the
case of the bishopric before you, and doubt not but you will
do in this, as I have ever found you to do heretofore ; I mean,
improve the intimations I give you to the best advantage.

The Bishopric of Meath is the first in the kingdom, as
London is in England, and takes place next to the archbishops,
but it is much inferior in value to many of them. The bishop
is usually of the Privy Council, and resides in Dublin. We
have at present these clergymen of the Privy Council, the
Lord Primate, the Archbishop of Dublin, the Bishop of Kildare,
and Bishop of Cloyne ; and the Bishop of Meath was likewise
of it ; and yet the church interest was very weak there, for the
Lord Primate is disabled, and never appeareth ; the Bishop
of Meath was under the discountenance of the government,
and besides, by the infirmity of his hearing and other defects,
could be but little serviceable for these last years ; and the
Archbishop of Dublin (though an excellent person and a
scholar) yet is too modest and unacquainted with the world
to make a great bustle, without which, I am informed, little
is done there. The Bishop of Kildare hath likewise his dis-
advantages ; and the Bishop of Coyne is seldom at the board,
and is not yet in so great authority as hereafter he will be,
by reason of his age. So that upon this matter the church
interest at the council-table depends on the fit choice of a
person to fill the Bishopric of Meath.

EARLY YEARS OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY 27

There are some such (as the Bishop of Clogher) that would
be fit for it, but they are already in better bishoprics, and
cannot, without imputation of imprudent ambition, accept it.
If I might (between you and me) discover my sense, I think
the Bishop of Waterford would do well in it ; and Dr. Smith,
Dean of St. Patrick's, that attends his Majesty, might be sent
to Waterford. By the care and prudence of the present
bishop that diocese is put in tolerable order, as I observed when
there last summer ; and it is a good testimony of the bishop's
prudence that he governed a parish in Dublin for fourteen
years in very difficult times, with the greatest love and highest
approbation of his parishioners, and has now with the same
success governed for five or six years his diocese. . . .

I have one consideration more to press for the putting
the Bishop of Waterford into the post, and 'tis the great
disorder in which the Diocese of Meath is. 'Tis one of the
largest in Ireland, consisting anciently of five bishoprics, at
least sixty miles long, in an excellent country ; but the lands
were mostly made away or exchanged for tithes about the
Reformation ; the rest of the tithes are generally impropriate
and many parishes must be united to make a competency.
The late bishop, being infirm since the Revolution, was not
able to look to the cures as was necessary, and there needs an
active, vigorous, and skilful person to put them in order, such
as the Bishop of Waterford ; and I hope you will use your
endeavour to place him or some such there. I am now to beg
your pardon for this trouble, but, lest I should increase it, I
will conclude with my hearty prayers for you, and the humblest
respects of,

Sir, yours, &c.,

W. D.

To Sir Robert Southwell. 2

Bishop King was mistaken in supposing that the
Bishop of Clogher would not be willing to accept the
See of Meath. As a matter of fact, he was appointed
to be Dopping's successor, and accepted the post, for
though inferior in revenue to Clogher, the Bishopric
of Meath was higher in dignity, it was more convenient
to the metropolis, and it carried with it a seat in the

"Mant.

28 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

Privy Council. Richard Tennison, who now succeeded,
was first raised to the episcopate as Bishop of Killala.
From thence he fled during the troubles of the
Revolution, and for a time undertook the cure of souls
in a London parish. After the defeat of King James
he was once more brought back to Ireland, and was
appointed to the See of Clogher, where he distinguished
himself as a preacher and as a diligent worker in his
diocese. He was appointed to Meath in 1697, and
continued to occupy the See until 1705. At his death,
"he set a valuable example to his brethren and his
successors, by bequeathing a sum of money to the Lord
Primate for the purchase of land, to serve as the
foundation for a fund, to which he expressed his hope
that the bishops of the kingdom would make additions,
for the maintenance of clergymen's widows and
orphans." 3

The appointment of Bishop Tennison marks a new
epoch in the history of the Diocese of Meath. It
inaugurated the time of restoration, in which an attempt
was made to repair the breaches caused by the many
troubles which for so many years had afflicted the
Church. If Bishop Dopping had been a younger man,
no doubt he would have taken this work in hand, but
the infirmities of age prevented him, and it was there-
fore left to his successor. Churches which had long
continued in ruin were now rebuilt, and in some cases
the opportunity was taken of removing them to a more
convenient site. The funds were obtained partly
from impropriate rectories which had been forfeited
by their lay owners, on account of their opposition to
the Prince of Orange, and which were now in some
cases applied in this way ; and partly from the bene-
factions of churchmen, who began to take a greater

Mant.

EARLY YEARS OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY 29

interest in their Church than before. There were
instances, too, of new endowments being given to
parishes by private donors, so that we may fairly say
that the opening years of the eighteenth century mark
for us the beginning of better things.

The names of these benefactors who came to the
help of the Church, and assisted in repairing her
breaches, have been for the most part lost in oblivion.
At the present time Trim is the best endowed parish
in the Diocese of Meath. The endowment dates from
about this period, when the lands of Dunleivers,
containing 222 acres 36 perches, were bequeathed to
Doctor John Crookshanke, Vicar of Trim, with suc-
cession to the vicars of Trim for ever, by a Cromwellian
" debenturer," whose name remains unknown, though
the fruit of his deeds is still being reaped. 4 An
equivalent for this property was claimed at the time
of disestablishment as a private endowment, and has
been secured to the parish.

Another example may be taken from the Parish of
Castlelost. Prime Iron Rochfort was, as his Christian
names suggest, a Puritan soldier. He was a lieutenant
colonel in Cromwell's army, but was executed for
killing one Major Turner in a duel which he fought
in 1652. His son, Robert Rochfort, purchased
property in the neighbourhood of Castlelost, which
continues to be in possession of his family to the present
day. He was a man eminent in his time, having been
speaker of the Irish House of Commons in 1695, and Chief
Baron of the Exchequer in 1707. He took a great
interest in Castlelost parish, and built, in his own
demesne at Gaulstown, " a very beautiful church,
wainscoted, painted, seated, and flagged, and furnished
with all necessaries in the most decent manner, all

* Butler, Trim Castle.

30 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

at his own charge." He also endowed the parish.
In acquiring the property he had become
" impropriator " of the rectory, and was therefore
owner of the tithes, but he conveyed them to the
bishop of the diocese for the use of the perpetual curate.s
The parishioners in this case were not so fortunate as
those of Trim, for when the church was disendowed
no one seems to have been aware of this benefaction,
and it was assumed that the tithes of the parish had
been handed down to it from pre-reformation times.
Consequently, no claim was made until many years
after the time laid down in the Irish Church Act, and
even after the extension of that time which had been
made by the Representative Church Body. In the
meantime, the balance of the amount awarded to the
the church in lieu of private endowments had been
applied to other purposes, as it was not expected that
any other claims could be made. Under these
circumstances the parish could only obtain a sum of
646 8s. 8d., which still remained unappropriated, and
which was voted as a special act of grace by the
General Synod of 1902. If the claim had been made
in time, an income of about two hundred pounds a
year would have been secured to the parish.

Under Queen Anne the Diocese of Meath, in common
with the rest of the Church, was enriched by the
remission of the old papal imposts of " first-fruits "
and " twentieth parts." The former was applied to the
purchase of glebes and the building of houses, and the
latter was granted to the individual clergymen by
whom they would have been payable. It was Doctor
Swift, then vicar of Laracor, and afterwards famous
as Dean of Saint Patrick's, who conducted the nego-
tiations which led to these benefits being granted

* State of the Diocese of Meath, 1733, MS. in Record Office, Dublin.

EARLY YEARS OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY 3!

to the Church. 6 Under the same queen the tithes of
some impropriate parishes were restored to the Church,
the impropriators having been deprived for rebellion.
In this way the vicarages were endowed of Dunamore,
Ratoath, Culmullin, Moyglare, and Kilcormuck
(Frankford).

Nor was it only in material ways that the Church
prospered. Her bishops became more active than
before, and this in turn reacted on the clergy. King,
now become Archbishop of Dublin, writing to one of
his suffragans in 1706, says : " I do own that the
clergy are altered as to their demeanour towards their
bishops of late, of which several reasons may be given ;
one particularly is, the bishops being altered towards
them. Time was when they were left to themselves,
and might do, or not, their duty as they pleased. But
of late some bishops have begun to look more narrowly
into their practice, and to press their duty on them." ^

The archbishop seemed to think that the clergy
resented the interference of the bishops. No doubt,
this may have been true in some instances, but we
may be sure that the greater part loyally seconded the
efforts that were being made to infuse new life into
the Church.

Bishop Tennison did not long retain the See of
Meath, as he died in 1705. He was succeeded by
William Moreton, who had been already Bishop of
Kildare, and who continued in the See until 1715.
We have little or no record of his episcopate. On his
death it would appear that the Rev. John Law was
appointed. He had been Rector of Monaghan from
1712, and was of a Scotch family. He died soon after
his appointment to Meath, before he was enthroned,

Shirley's Historical Sketch of the Endowments of the Church of Inland,
published in the appendix to the Report of the Royal Commission, 1868.
7 Mant.

32 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

and it does not appear whether he was ever actually
consecrated. 8

There is a curious story told which would seem
to connect the Jansenist Church of Holland with the
Diocese of Meath, just about this time. In the early
years of the eighteenth century the Jansenists wer2
without a bishop, in consequence of the refusal of the
Pope to allow consecrations to the vacant Sees, and
at one time it seemed as if their episcopate would
become entirely extinct. It was necessary for them,
therefore, to make some provision for the ordination
of their priests. They made application to various
prelates in vain, but at length are said to have
approached Luke Fagan, the Roman Catholic Bishop
of Meath, and found in him one who was willing to
accede to their wishes. Accordingly twelve candidates
for the priesthood were sent over, and these were
ordained by Bishop Fagan, one of them being Peter
John Meindarrts, who became afterwards Jansenist
Archbishop of Utrecht. Bishop Fagan required all
twelve to promise that they would never reveal the
circumstances of their ordination during his life,
and to a certain extent the secret was kept. It came
to the knowledge of the authorities at Rome, however,
that such an ordination had taken place, though the
information received was not sufficient to indicate
any particular bishop. Fagan, in the meantime, had
become Archbishop of Dublin, and the Pope wrote to
him, telling of the rumours that had come to his ears,
and asking him to ascertain if they were well founded
or otherwise. The Archbishop thereupon formally
asked each bishop separately, if he had taken part in
this ordination, and as they all very naturally denied it,

8 Pedigree of the Law Family, quoted in letter to the author from the Rev.
H. L. L. Denny.

EARLY YEARS OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY 33

he wrote to the Pope, and informed him, that after
examination he was persuaded that none of those
bishops of whom he had inquired was the guilty
party.

A story of this kind is manifestly difficult of verifica-
tion, and it is easy to raise many objections against it.
It has therefore been rejected by Cardinal Moran, and
other Roman Catholic writers. It is not for us to
decide. We simply give the story as it has been handed
down.

The next bishop in order was John Evans, who was
translated from the See of Bangor. Archbishop King
did not approve of this appointment, for in reference
to it he says : " What signifies the interest of a diocese
to the advantage of a friend that is to be preferred ? "
He had the reputation of being a political partizan.
He, however, proved in the end a munificent benefactor
of the Diocese of Meath. By his will he left part of
his estate " for building, if not built by himself,
according to his intention, an episcopal house at
Ardbraccan ; " and part " for purchasing glebes and
impropfiiate tithes for the benefit and endowment of
the several churches in the Diocese of Meath, in the
sole donation of the bishops of that See." 9 This
latter portion of the bequest, having been secured
to the diocese at the time of disestablishment as a
" private endowment," has enabled a sum of 2,304
ys. 5d. to be spent on the repurchase of glebes, and
now provides, besides, a yearly income of 536 8s. nd.,
part of which is appropriated to certain parishes, and
part is at the disposal of the bishop.

Bishop Evans died in 1724, and was succeeded by
Henry Dowries, who was translated from Elphin.
He, however, did not remain long in Meath, for he

9 Mant.

VOL. ii. r>

34 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

was translated to Deny in 1727. Ralph Lambert
next succeeded. He was, like most of the bishops of
that day, an Englishman, and had come over to Ireland
as chaplain to the Earl of Wharton. In 1717 he was
raised to the episcopate as Bishop of Dromore, and in
1727 was translated to Meath. He met his death five
years later by accident. He trod on his gown as he
was stepping out of his coach at his own door, and fell,
breaking his arm. He lingered for a little while,
but never recovered from the shock.

If Dean Swift is to be believed, all these appoint-
ments were made from political motives. He says,
that " from the highest prelate to the lowest vicar,
there were hardly ten clergymen throughout the whole
kingdom, for more than nineteen years preceding
1733, who had not been either preferred entirely upon
account of their declared affection to the Hanover line,
or higher promoted as the due reward of the same
merit." This is, let us hope, somewhat of an
exaggeration. At the same time there was, no doubt,
a good deal of truth in the assertion, and it must have
had a most deleterious effect on the efficiency of the
Church. Yet we can scarcely say that the time was
not one of progress. In spite of non-residence,
pluralities and carelessness, the work of God seems
to have been carried on, and men were learning to
realize more vividly their responsibilities as members
of the Church. Often, no doubt, the cure of souls was
left to some poor curate, while the rich incumbent
spent his life elsewhere ; but, perhaps the parishes
were after all better off under the care of these simple-
minded and poor but devoted men, than they would
have been had the rectors themselves performed the
duty which was so repugnant to their own tastes.

CHAPTER XXVII.

" STATE OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH," UNDER BISHOP

ELLIS.

THERE is a manuscript in the Public Record Office,
Dublin, formerly preserved in the Registry of the
Diocese of Meath, which gives an account of every
parish in the diocese, with many interesting details.
There is no date, but an official of the Record Office
has written on the fly leaf the following note :
" This book seems to have been written about the year
1733, from the dates of the institution of some, and the
death of others of the incumbents herein mentioned."
Assuming this to be correct, we have in this return
a remembrance of the brief tenure of the See of Meath
by Bishop Welbore Ellis.

Doctor Ellis was an Englishman who had been
promoted to the See of Kildare in 1705. On the death
of Bishop Lambert in 1732, he was translated to the
See of Meath, which, however, he held only till the
first of January, 1734, when he died. While Bishop
of Kildare he had held in commendam the Deanery of
Christ Church, Dublin, and when he died, he was
buried " with great ceremony " in that cathedral.
' The funeral procession," we are told, " was composed
of the boys of the Blue Coat Hospital, to which he
had bequeathed one hundred pounds, singing psalms ;
forty-eight clergymen walking before the hearse, with
scarves and hat bands ; the crozier borne before the

36 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

King of Arms, who carried the mitre on a cushion ;
the hearse adorned with escutcheons, and attended
by the coaches of the Duke of Dorset, Lord Lieutenant,
the Primate, the Archbishops of Dublin and Cashel,
and many other lords and persons of distinction.
The appearance of the crozier and mitre gives a peculiar
character to this solemnity." This account is
quoted from Bishop Mant's History, but it is to be
regretted that the bishop gives us no information of
what became afterwards of the crozier and mitre.
This seems to be the only instance of their use that
has been recorded in connection with the Diocese of
Meath, at all events since the Reformation. The
way in which Mant draws attention to them would
seem to show that they were then, as now, unusual
in the Irish Church, but the fact of their being used
on this occasion suggests that they may have been used
at other times, of which no record has been handed
down.

It is probable that this " Account " was drawn
up for the information of the bishop shortly after
his appointment. It is very full in the description
which it gives of the diocese, parish by parish, and
enables us to obtain a fair idea of how things were
progressing in those days.

The first thing that invites our attention is that
the number of churches available for public worship
had very much increased since the days of Bishop
Dopping. It will be remembered that he reported
only forty-three churches in repair, which were served
by fifty-five clergymen. In Bishop Ellis's report
we find that there are at least seventy churches in use,
and that the number of clergymen had increased to
eighty-one this latter number being about the same

Mant.

" STATE OF MEATH " UNDER BISHOP ELLIS 37

as the number of clergy in the diocese at the present
time. This comparison enables us to measure to some
extent how far the church had recovered from the
long-continued troubles of the seventeenth century.
In the more important parishes there had evidently
been a good work of restoration going on. Of Athboy,
for instance, we are told, " The church of this union,
which is in the town of Athboy, is in very decent repair.
'Tis ceiled and the isle is flagged. There is a decent
pulpit and reading desk, and the church is seated
throughout, and has a handsome gallery besides.
There is a font of stone, and the Communion Table
decently railed in. There is a decent carpet (table-
cover) for the Communion, a chalice and patin of plate,
and flagon of pewter. There are likewise two bells.
The churchyard in beautifull order, adorned with
walks and evergreens, and planted with trees, and
enclosed with a good stone wall." Of Mullingar he
says : " The church is in very good order, and furnished
with everything necessary for the celebration of Divine
service. The chancel is in repair, but not used.
'Tis separated from the body of the church by a
partition, against which the Communion Table is
fixed. The churchyard is well enclosed with a stone
wall, and planted with trees." This arrangement of
not using the chancel is curious, but a similar state of
things existed in Kells church up to the time of dis-
establishment. Nearly all the larger churches are
described in much the same way, and we may, there-
fore, conclude they were on the whole in excellent
condition.

Many of the smaller churches were equally well

cared for. Stackallen, for instance, is thus described :

' The roof and walls are good, the window cases are of

stone, and very good and neat, and the inside of the

38 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

church is in most decent order. Tis ceiled and flagged
and wainscoted. There is a decent pulpit and
reading desk, and convenient seats throughout. There
is a most beautiful table of polished marble for the
Communion, handsomely railed in, and the floor
boarded and raised. There is a font of marble, and a
chalice, patin, and flagon of silver. There is likewise
a good bell to the church, and the churchyard is well
enclosed with a wall of stone and lime." Of Moynalty
church a similar good report is given : ' The church
is handsome and lofty ; the roof and walls firm and
good. It is well flagged and furnished with decent
seats, a font of stone, a Communion Table decently
railed in, and the floor raised and boarded." In
Clonard the church was in ruin, but the large chancel
(evidently of the old abbey church) was used instead
of it. " It is ceiled and flagged, and has galleries,
besides a decent Communion and altar piece. The
whole inside of the chancel is very beautiful and
convenient."

The record is not quite so good in every case.
Enniskeen was then, as now, an important parish.
It had fifty-two families of church people, and fifty-
four families of " Protestant dissenters." The church
is thus described : " The church is roofed, the walls
and timber good. It is slated, but in some places
stripped by the winds to which 'tis much exposed.
'Tis very spacious, but intirely naked. There was
a pulpit, but taken down by some former curate as
being too small. No reading desk. Only one seat,
and the whole floor of the church a dirty earthen floor."
The bishop was himself in receipt of the tithes of this
parish, and we might have expected that he would
have seen that it was kept in decent order, but it was
situated on the confines of the diocese, and apparently

" STATE OF MEATH UNDER BISHOP ELLIS 39

was more or less forgotten. A few other churches,
mostly in small parishes, are spoken of as in bad
condition. For example, Nobber church was " not
in extraordinary repair ; " Balsoon was " indecent ; "
Galtrim was " not very tolerable ; " Tara " not extra-
ordinary nor in extraordinary repair ; " Rathcore
church was " in repair, but not very decent ; "
Killochonnigan had a "bad church and thatched;"
Rathmolyon church was " in repair, but not very
decent within ; " Killallon, " thatched and in bad
order ; " Castlerickard church was in " sorry order ; "
Leney was " in very indifferent repair, a dirty
earthen floor, the Communion table not railed in, no
utensils." One is tempted by the quaint way in
which these faults are described to quote largely,
but the real fact is that the number of churches thus
condemned is after all comparatively small. Taken
all round, it may be said that the churches were in
tolerable repair.

As to church furniture, the most complete account
is that given of the parish of Kells. " The Com-
munion table is railed in, but the place is too scanty,
and admits but a very small number of communicants.
There is a decent carpet, and fair linen cloth ; a silver
chalice and patin, and two flagons of pewter ; a stone
font, a surplice, a Bible, two Common Prayer Books,
a Book of Canons, a book wherein are registered the
christenings, marriages and burials, and another
wherein are entered the acts of the vestry ; there are
convenient boxes for collecting the alms." In nearly
all the churches the presence or absence of a " carpet "
is noted. The word is not used in the sense in which
we now employ it, but in the obsolete sense of a table
cloth. We still speak of a thing being " on the carpet,"
when we mean that it is under discussion. The

40 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

allusion is, of course, not to a carpet such as covers our
floors, but to the cloth cover of a council table. A
great many of the churches, though otherwise well
provided, were without a carpet, and in this connection
it is interesting to note that Fuller refers to a similar
want in some of the English churches when he tells
his readers that " a Communion table will not catch
cold with wanting a rich carpet." In Meath it was
only the principal churches that were thus provided.
At Laracor (Dean Swift's church), they were " furnished
with all conveniences, except a surplice and carpet."
That the former should be wanting in the parish of
so good a churchman is surprising, but there is reason
to suspect that the use of the surplice was often omitted
in those days.

The Communion vessels were in a few cases of silver
or plate, but for the most part they seem to have been
of pewter. In comparatively recent days these pewter
vessels were discarded, and their place was taken
by the very inferior plated ware supplied by the
Ecclesiastical Commissioners. As a result, there is
scarcely a vestige of pewter still retained in the diocese.
Had the old vessels been preserved they would now
be of great value, but they seem to have been cast
aside as utterly worthless.

In several churches the provision for the celebration
of Holy Communion was exceedingly poor and in-
adequate. At Syddan the flagon and chalice were of
block tin. At Knockmark there was " no Communion
table nor place railed in for it, nor raised, no linen or
carpet, nor flagon ; there is a chalice of pewter."
Duleek was even worse. " No Communion table nor
place railed in for it, nor is there any flagging or flooring
in the place where the table should stand, nor else-
where in the church, saving in the seats, and nothing

" STATE OF MEATH " UNDER BISHOP ELLIS 41

appears but the common earth ; no utensils for the
Communion." Leney was in just as bad a case. ' The
Communion table not railed in ; no utensils."

At Galtrim they had " no utensils for the celebration
of the Lord's Supper except a chalice of cocoa nut
tipped with silver." This seems to have been a unique
form of chalice, and the reader will be interested to
learn that while this history was being written the
relic has been discovered, and is now restored to the
parish. It had long been lost, but was preserved
in private keeping, and the tradition handed down
with it that it had at one time belonged to a church
in the neighbourhood of Trim. It finally came into
the possession of Doctor Minchin, then residing in
Kells, who set enquiries on foot with a view of
discovering to what church it formerly belonged.
On the facts, as disclosed in Bishop Ellis's Report,
being brought under his notice, Doctor Minchin very
generously restored it to the Parish of Galtrim, and it
is now in the custody of the rector of that parish.
The stem of the chalice, which is made of ebony, is
somewhat damaged, but the " silver tip " is perfect,
and the vessel is otherwise in excellent condition.

Services in the town parishes were held twice on
Sundays, at one of which a sermon was preached,
also on Wednesdays and Fridays, and on holidays.
This is stated to have been the use at Kells, Trim,
and Mullingar. At Athlone there was daily service
as well as twice on Sundays. In a few of the country
parishes there were two services every Sunday, but
in most of them only one, much as is the case at present.
According to Swift's biographers, he used to have
service at Laracor on Wednesdays and Fridays, and it
was at one of these week-day services that he is said
to have begun the service by saying, " Dearly beloved

42 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

Roger," instead of the usual " Dearly beloved
brethren," addressing himself to the parish clerk, who
was the only member of the congregation. Bishop
Ellis's Report, however, makes no mention of these
week-day services at Laracor, and we may perhaps
conclude that they were also held in other country
parishes throughout the diocese, although no notice
of the fact is taken in this return. At Duleek, divine
service was celebrated only every second Sunday. On
the alternate Sundays, service was held in Mr. Mervyn's
house, at the Naul, in the parish of Clonalvey. In
Drogheda there was no service at Saint Mary's,
although the church was kept in repair, and the
parishioners used to go across the river to Saint Peter's.

Very little information is given as to the frequency
of the celebrations of the Holy Communion. At Athlone
mention is made of a " monthly Sacrament," and
this may have been the rule for the town parishes.
At Kilskyre, we are told, " The Sacrament of the Lord's
Supper is administered six times in the year." This
may have been the custom in the country places.
At all events, this is the only information that the
Report gives.

There is but little told us as to the state of religious
and secular education, and in the latter portion of
the Report which deals with the western portion of the
diocese, the subject is almost entirely ignored. In
Kells, the children were catechized from Easter to
Michaelmas. There was a Latin school kept by the
parish clerk, who was always a clergyman, as the
emoluments were considerable. There was also some
provision for primary education : the archdeacon
" paid for the schooling of about twenty-five boys and
girls, and in a great measure cloathed them." We are
also told that " there is a charity school in Athlone,

" STATE OF MEATH " UNDER BISHOP ELLIS 43

where thirty boys and girls are taught to read and write,
and four of the boys are clothed by Dr. St. George.
There is likewise a spinning school of twenty girls,
encouraged by the Commissioners of the Linen
Manufactory. Henry St. George Esqr., has given a
house for the schoolmaster." At Banagher the Royal
School was already in existence, and the work of
teaching carried on, though the master was non-
resident. The following is the account of it : " There
was a free school appointed to be kept in the town of
Banagher by King Charles the First, and an endow-
ment of 285 acres of land granted by him for the school.
The schoolmaster is James Cunningham, who is at
present at Gibraltar, a chaplain in the army. He
employs the incumbent as a substitute, and allows
him 20 per annum annually." In the smaller parishes
the only provision for education seems to have been
the catechising of the children at certain seasons of the
year. A few entries will give some idea of the amount of
instruction that was given. In Moynalty, the incumbent
catechized the children every Sunday in the afternoon
for five months in the year. In Stackallen, the
children were catechized every Sunday during Lent ;
and in Kilberry, on every holy day during the summer
season. Very much the same information is given
about other parishes, though in many cases no mention
is made of the subject. All this does not tell us much
about the state of education. It shows, however, that
the duty was not altogether neglected, and we may
fairly conclude that in most parishes, if not in all,
there was some provision made for catechizing the
children.

An attempt had evidently been made, and with
some success, to form unions, so that small adjoining
parishes might be worked by the one incumbent.

44 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

The system of patronage, however, continued to put
obstacles in the way, and in many cases it was found
impossible to arrange things satisfactorily. For
instance, we have a Mr. Fisher, who was rector of
Stackallen and vicar of Danistown, but to get from
the one to the other, he had to pass through the
parishes of Paynestown and Kentstown ; while the
rector of Paynestown, on his part, had a couple of
parishes intervening between it and Monktown and
Skryne, which he also held. As for the rector of
Kentstown, he was also curate of Athboy, a combination
of duty that was quite impossible to perform. This
last, therefore, comes more under the head of pluralities
than of unsuitable unions. There were just a few such
cases. Stafford Lightburn, Dean Swift's curate,
was one, for he not only held the curacy of Laracor,
but also the rectory of Churchtown in the County
Westmeath. The Dean himself was another, as he
continued to hold the parish of Laracor with some
adjoining parishes after he had been appointed to the
Deanery of Saint Patrick's. Anthony Dopping, son of
the Bishop of Meath of the same name, and himself
destined soon to become a bishop, held the rectory of
Killucan together with the deanery and parish of
Clonmacnoise. Of course it would have been im-
possible for him to serve both cures personally. There
were a few other case like these, but at the same time,
a manifest improvement had taken place since the
days of Bishop Dopping.

An attempt was made by the bishops to enforce
residence, and with that object in view two bills were
introduced into the House of Lords in 1732, the one
enforcing the building of glebe houses, and the other
providing for the sub-division of large parishes. These
were opposed with great vigour by the clergy, and

" STATE OF MEATH UNDER BISHOP ELLIS 45

were eventually thrown out in the House of Commons.
Swift was one of the leaders in the opposition, and
spoke of them as " those two abominable bills for
enslaving and beggaring the clergy, which took their
birth from hell." It is hard to understand how two
measures, which, at the present day, would pass almost
without discussion, aroused at that time such a violent
opposition.

The information which the Return gives as to the
incomes of the clergy is very imperfect. The largest
income given is that of the rector of Kells, who was
also Archdeacon of Meath, and had 700 per annum.
With this exception, there are no large incomes noted,
and it would seem that 100 a year might be considered
a fair average. Some went a good deal lower than
this. The curate in charge of Killochonnigan, for
example, had only 20. In most of the parishes,
however, the information given does not enable us to
say what the incomes really were, and in some cases
there were glebe lands which may have added con-
siderably to the value of the benefice.

There are a few items of incidental information
scattered here and there through the Report which are
some of them interesting. Speaking of Kilmainham
Wood, we are told : " The parish has been but of late
upon the books, nor have I been able to find any
mention of it in any books or rolls which have come to
my hands." It seems extraordinary that a parish
should have become, as this seems to imply, in a sense
derelict. No mention of the parish is made by Ussher,
so that we may conclude that in his day it had been
already forgotten ; and the neglect continued until
comparatively recent times. In 1790 the bishop
consulted his chancellor as to how he should deal with
the case. The impropriator, Lord Beaulie, was a

46 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

Roman Catholic, and while he received the tithes of the
parish, he made no provision for the duty, and no vicar
had been appointed for many years. After giving
some advice on the subject, Doctor Radcliff adds :
" The very last opinion I gave the morning I left town
to Mr. Lowther, son of Johnny Lowther (as I heard),
did I believe, relate to this subject. The case complains
that there is no person to do occasional duties in a
parish near Kells, and that until very lately Sir William
Barker, who was tenant to the impropriator, paid
twelve pounds a year to the curate of Kells for doing
those occasional duties, but that, since the expiration
of Sir William's lease, there had been a stoppage of
payment, and Mr. Lowther desires to know whether
he cannot stop payment of his own tithes, until some
person shall be paid for the occasional duties." 2
Doctor Radcliff goes on to say that in his opinion
Lord Beaulie could be compelled to pay this twelve
pounds a year. No action, however, was taken, and in
1800 we learn that " tithes had not been paid for many
years, because the patron was a Roman Catholic."
Thus it would appear that at least for about two
hundred years the parish had been left without any
adequate provision for the cure of souls.

Nobber had been at one time one of the important
towns in the County Meath, but evidently long before
the time of which we are treating, it had fallen into
decay. The rector used to hold, as attached to his
living, the dignity of Archdeacon of Kells, and when
that office was united to the bishopric, the bishop
became rector of Nobber, and the incumbent had
henceforth merely the position of perpetual curate
appointed by the diocesan. The Report says :

There is no glebe in this parish, but his Grace the Lord

MS. in Record Ofiice, Dublin.

" STATE OF MEATH UNDER BISHOP ELLIS 47

Primate has lands in it belonging to his see, whereby a curate
or vicar may be furnished with glebe, which is absolutely
necessary in this parish, being situated in a barbarous part of
the country, and no tolerable accommodation to be had other-
wise for a resident clergyman.

Navan was then, as now, without a glebe house
and the incumbent was forced to procure a dwelling
for himself as best he could. We are told that " the
incumbent resided at first in the town of Navan, but
since has removed to lodging in the country, which
gives offence."

The following description of Taughmon church
and parson is somewhat amusing :

There is a church in repair with a steeple in this parish.
It has a stone roof, which cracked from end to end, and lets
in the rain. The inside is in very sorry order, and everything
almost wanting. Christopher Dixon, a weak man, is curate.
He used to live in the steeple. He could not be trusted
with money, and the Bishop of Meath used to lay out yearly
for him for diet and conveniencies the sum of 20. It is a
very obscure place, and there is a very small congregation.

Notwithstanding his weakness, Mr. Dixon survived
a long time, for in 1751 we find that a subscription was
made among the bishops and clergy for his support,
and a sum of 13 was expended, " 10 whereof to pay
for board and lodging, and 3 to be laid out in buying
cloaths and other necessarys." 3 He had in the mean-
time been relieved from the duty of his parish, for we
find that John Parker was appointed to it in 1744.
Taughmon church has still its stone roof, and the crack
which Bishop Ellis notes remains as of old. The
congregation, too, continues to be very small. Indeed
of late the church has only been used for occasional
services.

Our Report makes no mention of the now important

1 MS. in Record Office, Dublin.

48 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OP MEATH

town of Tullamore, which indeed was at that time
by no means such an important place as it afterwards
became. There had been a chapel of ease there, but
no mention of it is made in the present account. The
parish to which it belonged (Durrow) comes in for
only a very scanty notice. There is equally no
mention of Moate, but the parish, Kilcleagh, is
mentioned as united to Bally loughloe. There is no
intimation as to whether a church existed in the town
of Moate, but from the fact that glebe lands were
bestowed on Kilcleagh by Charles I., with a stipulation
that a clergyman's residence was to be erected, we
may perhaps conclude, that even then the importance
of the place was recognized, and that the intention
was that it should be made into a separate parish.
This intention, however, like many others of the same
kind, was not carried into effect until many years
afterwards.

Except in the latter portions, the Return seems to
have been very carefully compiled, and it marks
for us the recovery of the Church after the miseries of
the rebellion of 1641, the usurpation of Cromwell, and
the attempted Romanizing of the Church under James
II. After ninety years of such painful experiences, it
speaks well for the Church that we find it so carefully
organized, and on the whole so efficiently administered.
There was still, no doubt, great room for improvement
in many places, and the standard reached was very
far from what would be deemed satisfactory in the
present day. But once more we must judge things,
not according to modern ideas, but according to the
ideas that were then prevalent, and when we remember
this, we cannot but admit that substantial progress
had been made, and the way prepared for still greater
progress in the future.

CHAPTER XXVIII.
GLIMPSES OF CHURCH LIFE.

WE have some interesting sources of information, of a
different kind from any that have been so far available,
which tell us about church life in the Diocese of Meath
in the eighteenth century. First, we have the Life
and Works of Dean Swift ; then we have the Journal
of John \Vesley ; and finally, the writings of Oliver
Goldsmith. These three are sufficiently near in time
to one another to justify us in taking them as descriptive
of the same period.

Jonathan Swift was appointed to the livings of
Laracor, Agher, and Rathbeggan in February, 1700.
He had already had a parish in the north of Ireland,
but he held it only for a short time, and it is doubtful
if he ever resided in it, so that we may assume that,
whatever knowledge he possessed of an Irish country
clergyman's life was derived from his experience as
incumbent of a small parish in the Diocese of Meath.
After his appointment he was in no hurry to take up
the duty, but continued to live in Dublin, officiating
as chaplain to Lord Berkeley, and in the following year
he accompanied that nobleman to England. It was
only in September, 1701, that he went into residence.
From time to time he did not hesitate to absent himself
for long periods. In 1702 he was for six months in
England, and in 1708 he went away again, not returning
for a year and eight months. After his appointment
to the Deanery of Saint Patrick's Cathedral, he only

VOL. II. K

5O HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

went occasionally to Laracor, and in his latter days
he seems to have seldom visited his parish. Of course,
he always employed a curate, so that the parish was
not neglected, but, in view of his own action, it is hard
to understand how he could write on the subject of
non-residence, ' I believe there is no Christian country
upon earth where the clergy have less to answer for
upon that article. I am confident there are not ten
clergymen in the kingdom who, properly speaking,
can be termed non-residents."

Swift's congregations were always small, seldom
more than ten, and these, as he wittily puts it, " most
gentle and all simple." That he found the place dull
does not surprise us. It was not worse in this respect
than many another country parish, but he was a man
who loved to be in the thick of the fray. Writing to
Vanessa, he says, " At my first coming, I thought I
should have died with discontent, and was horribly
melancholy while they were installing me." After a
time he became more reconciled to his lot, and
interested himself in the house and garden. He made
friends among some of the neighbours, and was
cheered by the companionship of Stella, for whom
he rented a cottage in the immediate neighbourhood.

The parish of Laracor benefited considerably from
the dean's liberality. He made considerable improve-
ments in the dwelling house, and by purchase he added
greatly to the lands, all of which he left to his successors
free of any charge. He also acquired the tithes of
what he calls the " parish " of Effernock, a district in
the neighbourhood of Trim, and bequeathed it as an
addition to the income of the benefice. At the time
of disestablishment, unfortunately, no claim was made
for these tithes as a " private endowment," for if
this had been done there is little doubt but that the

GLIMPSES OF CHURCH LIFE 51

parish would still be receiving the benefit of his
generosity.

When we remember how he was thus associated
with our diocese, we may fairly take his lines on The
Happy Life of a Country Parson as descriptive of a
Meath clergyman's life in his time. Like everything
else that Swift wrote, it has its note of sarcasm, but on
the whole the picture is not unpleasing.

Parson, these things in thy possessing
Are better than the bishop's blessing :
A wife that makes conserves ; a steed
That carries double when there's need ;
October store, and best Virginia,
Tythe-pig, and mortuary guinea ;
Gazettes sent gratis down, and frank'd,
For which thy patron's weekly thank'd ;
A large concordance (bound long since) ;
Sermons to Charles the First, when prince;
A Chronicle of ancient standing ;
A Chrysostom, to smoothe thy band in ;
The Polyglott three parts my text,
Howbeit, likewise now to my next,
Lo, here the Septuagint and Paul,
To sum the whole the close of all.
He that hath these may pass his life,
Drink with the squire, and kiss his wife ;
On Sundays preach, and eat his fill,
And fast on Fridays, if he will ;
Toast Church and Queen, explain the news ;
Talk with churchwardens about pews ;
Pray heartily for some new gift,
And shake his head at Doctor S 1.

Goldsmith, writing somewhat later, drew all his
knowledge of a parson's life from the County
Westmeath, where his father, and afterwards his
brother, had their field of labour. The picture of the
" village preacher " in the Deserted Village, is drawn
with a more loving hand than that of Swift, but the

52 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

two descriptions are not incompatible. He was a man
of modest means, just barely raised above want, but
contented, and not at all, like Swift's parson, praying
for some new gift.

A man he was to all the country dear,

And passing rich with forty pounds a year.

Remote from towns he ran his godly race,

Nor e'er had changed, nor wished to change, his place.

Unpractised he to fawn, or seek for power,

By doctrines fashioned to the varying hour ;

Far other aims his heart had learned to prize,

More skilled to raise the wretched than to rise.

The " forty pounds a year " that Goldsmith speaks
of, seems to have been the regular pay of a curate at
that time, and his own brother never got beyond it.
It represented, of course, a good deal more than the
same sum represents in the present day ; still it left
no room for extravagance, and necessitated a very
simple and quiet life. Swift, in his " Letter to a
Young Clergyman," says that young men newly
ordained " if they be very fortunate, arrive in time
to a curacy here in town, or else are sent to be assistants
in the country, where they probably continue several
years (many of them their whole lives) with thirty or
forty pounds a year for their support, 'till some bishop,
who happens to be not over-stocked with relations,
or attached to favourites, or is content to supply his
diocese without colonies from England, bestows upon
them some inconsiderable benefice, when 'tis odds
they are already encumbered with a numerous family."

Underlying both accounts is the assumption that
promotion in the church went more by favour than by
merit. That Swift makes such a complaint does not
surprise us, as we know that he was always more or
less discontented, but Goldsmith, who was of a very

GLIMPSES OF CHURCH LIFE 53

different disposition, gives us clearly to understand
that if his parson had been " practised to fawn," and to
adapt his teaching to the fashion of the hour, he might
have obtained advancement for himself. It must
have been disheartening to many a faithful worker to
find himself continually passed over in favour of those
who had more powerful friends. The grievance,
however, was one of long standing, and we would be
wrong in assuming that it was worse in those days than
in the preceding time or in the time that was to follow.
Goldsmith dwells at considerable length on the
benevolence and hospitality of the parson, on his
ministry by the death bed, and on his friendly
relationship with his parishioners, but he dismisses
the subject of preaching in a single couplet :

Truth from his lips prevailed with double sway,
And fools, who came to scoff, remained to pray.

We may probably conclude from this that preaching
was not his strongest point, and we may perhaps
generalize, and assume that the clergymen of the small
country parishes were not as a general rule great
orators, as indeed was not to be expected. There can
be little doubt, however, that good preaching was very
much appreciated, and that many of the clergy aimed
at excellence in this respect. Swift dwells upon the
subject very fully in his " Letter to a Young Clergy-
man," and the faults which he points out are mostly
those that would be found amongst men that made
some pretensions to oratory. He notes with approval
that he has " lived to see Greek and Latin almost
entirely driven out of the pulpit," but he deprecates
the habit which still obtained of making quotations
from ancient and modern authors, by way of displaying
the erudition of the preacher, and he specially ridicules

54 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

the stock phrases by which such quotations were
commonly introduced " As Saint Austin excellently
observes "as " a late excellent prelate of our church,"
tells us and the like. " Of no better stamp is your
' heathen philosopher,' and ' famous poet/ and
' Roman historian/ at least in common congregations,
who will rather believe you on your own word than on
that of Plato or Homer." He also warns his young
friend against attacking heathen philosophy, which
possibly he has never taken the trouble to understand,
and against preaching against atheism to congregations
whose minds have never been troubled with theological
doubts. Such warnings, it is needless to remark, would
be unnecessary if the popular style of preaching in that
day was not lofty perhaps one might say, stilted in
its character.

Incidentally, Swift lets us know that the usual
length of a sermon in those days was half an hour.
He also discusses the question as to whether a sermon
should be read, or delivered without a manuscript,
and he says that the whole body of the clergy would
be against him, but the laity almost to a man on his
side, in preferring the spoken sermon. ' I cannot
but think," he says, " that whatever is read differs as
much from what is repeated without book as a copy
does from an original." It is evident from this that
written sermons were the rule, and extempore sermons
the exception.

John Wesley, in" his Journal, speaks more than once
of the preaching in Athlone church, of which he seems
to have highly approved. On Sunday, May 3rd, 1748,
he writes : "At eleven we went to church, and heard
a plain, useful sermon." On May yth, 1749, he has
the entry, " Athlone. The rector preached in the
afternoon (though it is called morning service) a close

GLIMPSES OF CHURCH LIFE 55

useful sermon on the Fear of God." And again, on
June nth, 1759, he writes, " We had an excellent
sermon at church, on the Intercession of Christ." He
does not seem to have expressed his opinion about the
preaching in any other place in the diocese except
Athlone, but we may gather from his observations
that sound and thoughtful if not eloquent preaching
was to be heard in the churches of Meath in his time.
Turning now from the clergy to the laity, the
description which Goldsmith gives of the parishioners
clustering round the vicar after the Sunday service
recurs at once to the mind :

The service past, around the pious man,
With steady zeal, each honest rustic ran ;
E'en children followed with endearing wile,
And plucked his gown, to share the good man's smile.
His ready smile a parent's warmth expressed ;
Their welfare pleased him, and their cares distressed ;
To them his heart, his love, his griefs were given,
But all his serious thoughts had rest in heaven.

The congregation which thus showed its attachment
to the pastor consisted of honest rustics. It is to be
feared that some who thought more highly of themselves
were very far from displaying the same estimable
qualities. Even in such an abode of " innocence and
ease " as Auburn is represented to have been, there
were fools who came to the house of God merely to
scoff. We can understand what this meant when
we read Wesley's description of different churches.
He says of Athlone, that he " had not seen one con-
gregation ever in Ireland behave so ill at church, as
that at Athlone, laughing, talking, and staring about,
during the whole service." He was so accustomed
to see the better class of people behave badly in church,
that when they at all showed a serious disposition,

56 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

he mentions it as something unusual. " I preached,"
he says, " at Clara to a vast number of well-behaved
people, although some of them came in their coaches,
and were (I was informed) of the best quality in the
country. How few of these would have returned
empty if they had heard the word of God, not out of
curiosity merely, but from a real desire to do His
will." At another time, he says, " I preached at
Tyrrelspass with a peculiar blessing from God, though
many persons of fortune were in the congregation.
But the poor and the rich are His." And once more,
again with regard to Tyrrelspass, he says, " Preached
at 8 and 12 (there being no service in the church).
A heap of fine gay people came in their post chaises
to the evening preaching. I spoke very plainly, but
the words seemed to fly over them. Gallic cared
for none of these things."

This inattentive and indecent behaviour at church
seems to have arisen from a spirit of infidelity which
was then fashionable, and which was accompanied by
a loose kind of living. Wesley speaks of cursing,
swearing, and drinking, as " fashionable wickedness."
Swift tells us that the so-called free-thinkers were
to be found amongst those in the country who were
" oppressing their tenants, tyrannizing over the neigh-
bourhood, cheating the vicar, talking nonsense, and
getting drunk at the sessions." He thinks that nothing
was gained by the " frequent custom of preaching against
atheism, deism, free thinking, and the like, as young
divines are particularly fond of doing, especially when
they exercise their talent in churches frequented by
persons of quality," for, first of all, " persons under
those imputations are generally no great frequenters
of churches," and even if they did come, they would
not be convinced, for " reasoning will never make a

GLIMPSES OF CHURCH LIFE 57

man correct an ill opinion which by reasoning he
never acquired." He thinks that education was at a
very low ebb among the better classes, and tells us,
41 that you will hardly find a young person of quality
with the least tincture of knowledge, at the same time
that the clergy were never more learned, or so scurvily
treated."

When Swift took up his residence at Laracor, he
found both church and parsonage in a state of dilapi-
dation. He, however, at once set about repairing
them. There were probably many other churches in
the same condition, but a better order of things was
coming in, and before many years had elapsed the type
of sanctuary that Meath could boast was that which
Goldsmith commemorates when he speaks of

The decent church that topt the neighbouring hill.

The interior arrangement of the churches was some-
what different from that which is usual at present.
The prayer desk, with the parish clerk's desk in front
of it, commonly occupied the centre of the south wall.
Behind this the pulpit stood in all the smaller churches,
but in some of the more important, it was a movable
structure, mounted on wheels, which was rolled into
the centre aisle when required for use, and at other
times relegated to a less prominent position. This was
the use in Athlone Church, 1 and probably in some
others, as it was not an unusual arrangement at the
time. The pews were large, and often " built " *
at the expense of the owners. Then, as now, they were
the occasion of frequent disputes,3 and, as Swift points
out, formed the chief subject of discussion between the
clergyman and his churchwardens. It was not always

1 Athlone Vestry Book. a Kells Vestry Book.
3 M S. Opinions of Counsel, Record Office, Dublin.

58 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

easy to keep them in decent order, for, when any
important person in the parish died, it was customary
to have the interment within the walls of the church.
This, besides being insanitary, often caused damage
to the pews, and must have rendered it exceedingly
difficult to preserve the church furniture from excessive
wear and tear. In Kells the vestry passed a resolution
that-

Whereas several pughs in said church have been greatly
injur'd by burying corps in said church, it is therefore enacted
that for the future, before the ground be opened or any pugh
taken down, the sum of two pounds five shillings be deposited
in the hands of the church wardens, in order to repair said
damage, and the remainder, if any, to be disposed of as the
ministers, church wardens, and Protestant parishioners shall
think proper. 4

It was only at a much later date that such interments
were prohibited.

The churchwardens and vestrymen concerned
themselves with many subjects that are now considered
to be altogether beyond their province. They pro-
vided the stocks, and seem to have had the power of
inflicting that penalty, which they awarded to such-
offences as playing ball against the church walls,s
and it was their favourite remedy against the tramp
nuisance. Portion of the stocks of Navan is still to be
seen outside the court-house, a quaint reminder of an
obsolete mode of punishment ; and a much more
perfect specimen, quite capable of being still used,
has lately been purchased by the Rev. Hamlet
McClenaghan, Rector of Dunshaughlin. Formerly it
had belonged to the village, and had passed into the
possession of a neighbouring farmer.

The treatment of vagrants and beggars must have

Kells Vestry Book.' Ibid,

GLIMPSES OF CHU&CH LIFE 59

occupied a good part of the churchwardens' attention,
and the old vestry books have many curious entries
dealing with this subject. When a new resident came
to the parish, if he had no visible means of subsistence,
security might be demanded from him that he would
not become chargeable on the charity funds. 6 The case
of a vagrant was different. For him they had no mercy.
He was either put in the stocks, or else received a
whipping, and was sent on his way. In Kells, and
probably in other places as well, they had a parish
officer called the " whip beggar," or " ban beggar,"
whose duty it was " to keep off all beggars and poor
people out of the parish." How he performed this
duty is sufficiently indicated by the name of his office.
He received a salary and a coat, and it was resolved
that if he failed in his duty, the coat was to be taken
from him and the salary stopped. 7 They had a similar
officer at Athlone, but in that parish he was called
the " bellower." 8 The ordinary mendicants, at all
events in the towns, were provided with badges. These
were metal plates, about three inches square, with the
name of the parish, and a number. Those who were
thus decorated were allowed to solicit alms in the
neighbourhood. A similar custom prevailed about
this time in many places both in England and Ireland.
A well-known letter written by Dean Swift advocates
the adoption of badges for the beggars of Dublin.

Other duties that fell to the lot of church wardens,
were the providing for foundling children, who were
either put out to nurse, or sent to the Foundling
Hospital in Dublin ; the providing of coffins for
paupers, the care of the streets, especial mention
being made of the duty of keeping them free from

Ballyboy Vestry Book. Kells Vestry Book.
" Athlone Vestry Book,

60 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

strolling pigs ; 9 and a variety of other things that are
now looked after in other ways.

The funds required for all these works, as well as
for the repair of the fabric of the church and the pay-
ment of church officers, were raised by a cess levied
at the Easter vestry. As Roman Catholics had to
pay this tax, and yet none of them were allowed to
vote at the vestry meetings, it naturally caused
frequent resentment. Often it was raised with
difficulty ; sometimes it could not be raised at all. 10
Like many other things arranged for us by the English
government, it helped to prejudice the people of the
country against our Church.

The Temperance movement is generally regarded
as belonging to the nineteenth century. According
to the Encyclopedia Britannica, the first temperance
society dates from 1808, and was formed in Greenfield,
Saratoga County, New York. New Ross is claimed
by some to be the birth place of the first temperance
society in Europe, and it was founded in 1829 by the
Reverend George Whitmore Carr. 11 It may be well,
therefore, to note that long before either of these
dates, there was a movement of this kind in the
Diocese of Meath, and though in doing so we come
to a later date than the other events chronicled in
this chapter, it may well take its place among our
" Glimpses of Church Life."

As early as 1771 the subject of temperance reform
had attracted attention in the country, for in that year
legislation was proposed which went beyond the
wildest dreams of the present day. In that year a bill
was introduced into Parliament to suspend whiskey
distilling, " which was demoralizing the country." 12

Slane Vestry Book. Ardnurcher Vestry Book.

11 Rev. T. F. M. ffrench in Irish Eccksiastical Gazette, Jan. 28, 1898.

" Froude, English in Ireland.

GLIMPSES OF CHURCH LIFE 6l

In this case England interfered, because of the loss
that would come to the revenue, and the bill had to be
abandoned. Some time after that, in 1787, a meeting
was held in Saint Mary's parish, Dublin, which formed
itself into an organization for the promotion of
temperance. The year following the movement was
taken up in Meath, and a meeting was held in Kells,
at which the following resolutions were passed :

Resolved. That we highly approve of the resolutions
entered into on the 2nd of April last by our brethren of the
metropolis and that we will to the utmost of our power promote
their patriotic intention, by the most spirited exertion to
prevent the destructive practice of spirit drinking, so fatally
prevalent among the lower ranks of society.

Resolved. That as we are sensible of the influence which
example has on the minds of the common people, we will in
every instance discountenance the horrid vice of drunkenness,
as well by punishing those who vend spirituous liquors illegally,
as by refusing employment and protection to every person who
shall continue in the practice of intoxication ; and we have
the strongest persuasion that our brethren of the neighbouring
parishes will, upon due consideration, see the indispensible
necessity of adopting these or similar resolutions, for the
purpose of establishing civilization and good order among their
poorer fellow creatures, who only want instruction and
encouragement to become good and useful members of society,
relying on the wisdom and humanity of an enlightened
legislature for further assistance in promoting the real happiness
of this country, by destroying the principal source of idleness
and immorality. *3

Copies of these resolutions were published in the
Dublin newspapers, and the temperance society in
Dublin passed a resolution of approbation and
sympathy. The leader in this movement, as far as
Meath is concerned, was Mr. Michael Tisdall, of
Charlesfort, whose descendants are still among the
most faithful members of our church in the diocese.

13 Kells Vestry Book.

62 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

The Kells vestry, at a subsequent meeting, passed a
resolution of thanks to him " for his charitable good
services in suppressing drunkenness and all other
disorderly practices," from which we may conclude
that the organization, though it seems to have been
short lived, was enabled in some measure to accomplish
the object for which it was formed.

As to the bishops, we have little information as to
how they performed their duties, but as we have seen,
they were supposed to have been more active than they
had been in former times. Swift, as is well known,
had not a very exalted opinion of the episcopal bench.
He is particularly hard on Bishop Evans, and if his
account is to be trusted a somewhat doubtful point,
when an enemy is concerned that prelate was unfair
and tyrannical to those who were of a different party
from himself. It would appear that some unpleasant-
ness arose between them at one of the first visitations
which the bishop held, and in the following year
Swift refused to attend the visitation, sending a proxy
instead. Bishop Evans refused to receive his proxy,
and thereupon Swift sent him the following letter :

May 22, 1719.
To the Bishop of Meath.

I had an express sent to me yesterday by some friends, to
let me know that you refused to accept my proxy, which I
think was in legal form, and with all the circumstances it ought
to have. I was likewise informed of some other particulars
relating to your displeasure for my not appearing. You
may remember, if you please, that I promised last year never
to appear again at your visitations ; and I will most certainly
keep my word if the law will permit me ; not from any contempt
of your lordship's jurisdiction, but that I would not put you
under the temptation of giving me injurious treatment, which
no wise man, if he can avoid it, will receive above once from
the same person.

GLIMPSES OF CHURCH LIFE 63

I had the less apprehension of any hard dealing from your
lordship, because I have been more than ordinary officious
in my respects to you, from your first coming over. I waited
on you as soon as I knew of your landing. I attended on you
on your first journey to Trim. I lent you a useful book
relating to your diocese ; and repeated my visits, till I saw you
never intended to return them. And I could have no design
to serve myself, having nothing to hope or fear from you.
I cannot help it, if I am called of a different party from your
lordship's, but that circumstance is of no consequence with me,
who respect good men of all parties alike.

I have already nominated a person to be my curate, and
did humbly recommend him to your lordship to be ordained,
which must be done by some other bishop, since you are
pleased, as I am told, to refuse it, and I am apt to think you
will be of opinion that, when I have a lawful curate, I shall
not be under the necessity of a personal appearance, from
which I hold myself excused by another station. If I shall
prove to be mistaken, I declare my appearance will be
extremely against my inclinations. However, I hope that in
such a case, your lordship will please to remember in the midst
of your resentments that you are to speak to a clergyman,
and not to a footman.

I am, your Lordship's obedient
Humble servant,

JON. SWIFT. '4

It does not say much for the ecclesiastical discipline
of those days to find that Swift could threaten his
diocesan that if he refused to ordain the curate that
he nominated, he would be able to find another bishop
willing to do so. As a matter of fact, however, the
question did not arise, for we find that this same year
Stafford Lightburne was ordained in Meath for the
curacy of Laracor ; so that the bishop cannot have
been as unreasonable as Swift represents him to be.
But this concession on the part of the bishop did not
mend matters, for the enmity continued until his

Mant.

64 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

lordship was removed by death. Two years later,
Evans held another visitation, and on that occasion
Swift wrote the following letter to the Reverend
Thomas Wallis, Vicar of Athboy, who had agreed to
act as his proxy :

Dublin, May 18, 1721.
SIR,

I had your letter, and the copy of the bishop's circular
enclosed, for which I thank you ; and yet I will not pretend
to know anything of it, and hope you have not told anybody
what you did. I should be glad enough to be at the visitation,
not out of any love to the business of the person, but to do my
part in preventing any mischief ; but in truth my health will
not suffer it, and you, who are my proxy, may safely give
it upon your veracity. I am confident the bishop would not
be dissastisfied with wanting my company, and yet he may
give himself airs when he finds I am not there. I now employ
myself in getting you a companion to cure your spleen.

I am,

Your faithful, humble servant,

J. S.

When the visitation actually took place the bishop
" gave himself airs," as Swift suspected he might do,
and refused to receive the Dean's proxy. Thereupon
Swift sent him the following vigorous letter :

MY LORD,

I have received an account of your lordship's refusing to
admit my proxy at your visitation, with several circumstances
of personal reflections on myself, although my proxy attested
my want of health ; to confirm which, and to lay before you
the justice and Christianity of your proceeding, above a
hundred persons of quality and distinction can witness that
since Friday, the 26th of May, I have been tormented with an
ague, in as violent a manner as possible, which still continues,
and forces me to make use of another hand in writing to you.

GLIMPSES OF CHURCH LIFE 65

At the same time I must be plain to tell you, that if this
accident had not happened, I should have used all my
endeavours to avoid your visitation, upon the publick promise
I made you three years ago, and the motives which occasioned
it ; because I was unwilling to bear any more very injurious
treatment and appellations given to my brethren or myself,
and by the grace of God, I am still determined to absent myself
on the like occasion, so far as I can possibly be dispensed with
by any law, while your lordship is in that diocese and I a
member of it. In which resolution I could not conceive but
your lordship would be easy, because, although my presence
might possibly contribute to your real, at least future interest,
I was sure it could not be to your present satisfaction.

If I had the happiness to be acquainted with any one
clergyman in the diocese of your lordship's principles, I
should have desired him to represent me, with hopes of better
success, but I wish you would sometimes think it convenient
to distinguish men as well as principles, and not to look upon
every person who happens to owe you canonical obedience
as if -- .

I have the honour to be ordinary over a considerable number
of as eminent divines as any in this kingdom, who owe me the
same obedience as I owe to your lordship, and are equally
bound to attend my visitation ; yet, neither I nor any of my
predecessors, to my knowledge, did ever refuse a regular
proxy.

I am only sorry that you, who are of a country famed for
good nature, have found a way to unite the hasty passion of
your own countrymen with the long, sedate resentment of a
Spaniard ; but I have an honourable hope that this proceeding
has been more owing to party than complexion.

I am,

My Lord,

Your Lordship's most humble servant,

JON.

Whatever may have been the merits of this
contention, and it seems impossible for us now to judge
of them, we can scarcely help sympathizing with the
bishop who had to deal with such a bitter-tongued
opponent among his clergy.

16 Mant.
VOL. II. F

66 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

When Bishop Dowries succeeded Evans, Swift
gave him a most cordial reception, as if to mark the
contrast between him and his predecessor. On this
point, the bishop writes :

I spent all last week in or near Trim. On Wednesday I
held my visitation, and on Thursday a synod there, and
through the unexpected goodness of the Dean of Saint Patrick's
was made perfectly easy on both days, as if he had a mind to
atone, by his uncommon civilities to me, for the uncommon
trouble he had given to my predecessor. The dean went with
me on Friday to visit Arbracken, and to lay out the ground
for my new house and gardens ; but we returned re in/ecta, not
having allowed time for so necessary a work.

CHAPTER XXIX.
PENAL LAWS.

THE eighteenth century was pre-eminently the age
of those enactments against the Church of Rome,
which are known as the Penal Laws. This seems a
convenient place, therefore, to consider what light is
thrown on the subject by the history of the Diocese
of Meath.

It is somewhat unfortunate that the expression
" penal laws " should be used in this restricted sense,
as it suggests that they were the outcome of Protestant
bigotry and intolerance, whereas the real truth is that
they were the consistent following out of a policy
which had been adopted by the English in Ireland
from the days of Henry II. There were penal laws
before religion had become a factor dividing men into
opposite camps, and the enactments of those earlier
days, made by Roman Catholic monarchs, and some-
times with the direct sanction of the Church, were
far more severe than the most oppressive of those
which a Protestant government imposed in later years.
When the Normans conquered England they treated
the Saxons with all that oppression which was then
regarded as the right of a conqueror, but they made
no penal laws there was equal justice for both parties.
And the result was as beneficial to the Normans as it
was to the Saxons, for it made their kingdom stable,
and united the realm into a homogeneous whole. But
they displayed no such wisdom in their treatment of

68 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

Ireland. From the first they had one code of justice
for themselves, and another for the original inhabitants
of the country. An Englishman in Ireland, if he were
disloyal, as many of them were, was a " rebel ; " but
the Irishman who was making common cause with
him was not a rebel, but an " enemy." A rebel might
deserve punishment, but at all events, he had the law
to which he could appeal, and he could not be con-
demned without some sort of trial ; but an enemy
had no such rights. It was in this spirit that Ireland
was governed, and the evil tradition was handed down
from one generation to another. This tradition was
the true genesis of the penal laws. If there had been
no question of religion the laws would, in all probability,
have been enacted all the same. They would have
been differently expressed, and would have been
directed against " Irish enemies," instead of " Irish
papists," but in every other respect there would have
been no difference.

In treating of this subject, there is one difficulty
which presents itself at the outset, and that is, how
to state the case in fairness, and yet not appear to be
an apologist for this kind of legislation. Members
of our Church have no inducement to defend the penal
laws, for though directed against Roman Catholics,
it is to Protestantism that they have done the greatest
injury. The politicians who framed them were not
men whose object was the welfare of the Church
they had quite other ends in view. Nor were Irish
churchmen unable to see through the designs of their
rulers. King, then Bishop of Derry, and afterwards
Archbishop of Dublin, expresses his opinion very freely
on the subject. He says, " One would think that the
world were somewhat concerned about religion, for
of three bills that passed last, one was to prohibit

PENAL LAWS 69

marrying with Papists, and another to banish regulars,
and the third, for damning the Articles of Limerick,
was on pretence of weakening the Popish interest;
but after all there is not the least consideration of
religion at the bottom, and we must learn from this,
not to judge according to appearance." This was
written in 1697, when penal laws were beginning to be
enforced. In 1720, when he had many years trial of
them, he writes again. " If one would observe the state
of religion in these kingdoms in our own time, that is
since the restoration of the royal family, perhaps it will
appear that the Church never gained more true friends
than when the civil power gave her doctrine and
worship least encouragement, nor lost more the hearts
and affections of her people than when seeming most
encouraged."

If we are to sit in judgment on the penal laws,
there are three points that in all fairness should be
kept in mind. First, it ought to be remembered that
we should not judge the eighteenth century by the
standard of the twentieth. The reign of Queen
Anne is after all not so very long ago, but the world
has progressed wonderfully in some directions since
then, and in no way more remarkably than in the
recognition of the right of religious liberty. The penal
laws were frankly and openly intolerant ; but what
nation was there at that time which had even the
faintest idea of toleration ? The case of warfare supplies
a parallel. Judged by the standard of to-day, the
heroes of that age were simply brutes. They sacked
towns, they committed all kinds of outrages, they
conformed to none of the rules of what is called
" civilized warfare." But, very rightly, we do not
blame the soldiers of that age. We blame the age
itself. The time of humanity in warfare had not yet

70 HISTORY OF THB DIOCESE OF MEATH

come, and mankind had still to learn the lesson. The
same is true with regard to toleration in matters of
religion. It also was a lesson that had not yet been
learnt. When, therefore, we condemn the penal laws,
we should remember that the condemnation is merited
more by the age that produced them than by the actual
authors that enacted them.

Another point to be borne in mind is that these
laws had a political as well as a religious aspect, and
that a supposed political necessity underlay every one
of them. The Church of Rome at that time identified
itself with the cause of the Stuarts, in opposition to the
reigning dynasty. The Roman Catholic bishops of
Ireland were appointed by the Pope on the nomination
of the Pretender. Every appointment, therefore, was
an act of hostility to the reigning monarch, and invited
the retaliation which was embodied in these laws. At
the Revolution there were Protestant non-juring
bishops and clergy, who refused to acknowledge the
Prince of Orange as their lawful sovereign, and these
were deposed without any more ado. It was in exactly
the same spirit that the Roman Catholic bishops
and clergy were treated.

It is remarkable how much this aspect of the case
is misrepresented by some writers, who would have
us believe that the penal laws were purely acts of
religious persecution. The greatest sufferings under
these laws is said to have been after the year 1709,
when the Roman priests were required to take the
oath of abjuration. Concerning this oath, Cogan,
in his Diocese of Meath, makes the astounding
assertion that " by the oath of abjuration the priest
was ordered to swear that the sacrifice of the Mass
and the invocation of the Blessed Virgin and the saints
were damnable and idolatrous. In other words,

PENAL LAWS 7!

the priest was ordered to apostatize, or fly for his life."
Where he obtained this information it is impossible
to say, but he evidently made the assertion without
taking the trouble to read the terms of the oath itself.
The only explanation that suggests itself is that he
confounds this oath with another which, in the time
of Cromwell, was imposed on those who professed to
be converts, as a test of their sincerity. What the
priests objected to in this oath of abjuration was the
clause, "I do solemnly and sincerely declare that
I do believe in my conscience that the person pretended
to be Prince of Wales during the life of the late King
James, and, since his decease, taking upon himself
the style and title of King of England, by the name
of James III., hath not any right or title whatever to
the crown of this realm." We may have a great
deal of sympathy with men who could not see their
way to make a declaration such as this, but we must
recognize that the difficulty was altogether political,
and we cannot feel astonished that such men were
regarded with disfavour by the power which they
refused to acknowledge. And they were not the only
sufferers. The Protestant non-jurors were in exactly
the same case, with this important difference, that it
was not at all likely that the non-jurors would take
up arms against the crown. We may therefore have
great sympathy alike with Roman Catholics and non-
jurors, and at the same time not be prepared to say
that they were unjustly treated.

The third point to be remembered is that a dis-
tinction should be made between the actual provisions
of the law and the way in which it was administered.
The penal laws, being on the statute book, could be
enforced in times of emergency, when there was danger
of an attempt being made to restore the Stuart line

72 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

At other times they were mostly allowed to remain
in abeyance. The words of Edmund Burke, in speaking
of the penal code, have often been quoted. He said,
" It had a vicious perfection full of coherence and
consistency, well digested and well disposed in all its
parts. It was a machine of wise and elaborate con-
trivance, and as well fitted for the oppression, im-
poverishment, and degradation of a people, and the
debasement in them of human nature itself, as ever
proceeded from the perverted ingenuity of man."
The history of the diocese of Meath shows that this
statement however theoretically true it may have
been, was as a description of the practical working
of the scheme altogether incorrect. The code, in its
application at all events, was anything but perfect
and complete. There were undoubtedly cases of
hardship and injustice. Many Roman Catholic priests,
especially among the " seculars," desired nothing
more than to be left in peace to fulfil their spiritual
duties amongst their flocks, but the law made no
distinction, and they sometimes found themselves
involved in the condemnation which was merited
by some of their confreres. The law put a weapon
into the hands of evilly disposed persons which could
be used for the persecution of their Roman Catholic
neighbours ; but those who took advantage of the evil
facilities thus afforded were regarded with disfavour
by those around, and by none more so than by members
of the Irish Church. It is something to the credit of
Irish churchmen that there never were wanting amongst
them those who were ready to help in evading these
severe enactments. In Meath, at all events, when a
Roman Catholic priest found it necessary to hide
himself, he generally found his place of refuge in the
house of a Protestant.

PENAL LAWS 73

To understand how happily imperfect and in-
complete the Penal code was in its administration,
we may put some facts in apposition. The closing
years of the seventeenth century, just after the defeat
of King James, are said to have been some of the worst
in the history of Romanism in Ireland. Cogan says,
" The position of the Catholics of Ireland was then
wretched in the extreme, and perhaps with the
exception of Cromwell's merciless reign, there is no
parallel in our ecclesiastical annals to the miseries
endured under King William, and the last of the
Stuarts, Queen Anne." There is some reason for these
strong statements, for in 1697 an Act was passed by
which " all popish archbishops, bishops, vicars-general,
deans, Jesuits, monks, friars, and all Papists exercising
ecclesiastical jurisdiction, were required to leave the
kingdom before the first of May, 1698, on pain of being
kept in prison till sent out of the country : and
should any of them venture to return, they were
to be adjudged guilty of high treason." This certainly
seems to be sweeping enough, and is an example of the
" vicious perfection " to which Burke refers. A
historian, if he were writing of any other country but
Ireland, might well give this as his authority for
describing the Roman Catholics of that day as a people
deprived of their pastors by an oppressive law. This
then is our first fact. Now, let us place another fact
beside it. The Diocese of Meath, so far from being
deprived of its pastors, had in it twice as many Roman
Catholic priests as there were Protestant clergymen,
and was nearly as fully manned then as it is at the
present moment.

There are now in the Diocese of Meath one hundred
and thirty-five Roman Catholic clergy. In 1698, a
year after the act in question had been passed, there

74 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

were one hundred and twelve, of whom sixty-four
were " seculars," and forty-eight " regulars." Nor
can it be replied that these numbers represent what
the strength of the diocese was before the legislation
took effect, and that there may have been an almost
immediate diminution in these numbers ; for we have
another account a few years later, and we find that
in 1704, when there was just enough time for the act
to have wrought havoc with all the ecclesiastical
arrangements, the number of the clergy, instead of
diminishing, had actually increased. The sixty-four
secular clergy had become ninety-three, registered
and recognized by the government. 1 The number of
regulars is not given, but allowing that it may have
been considerably reduced, the increase of the other
class would probably more than make up for the
deficiency. And even if there were no others than the
ninety-three, known and registered, the diocese would
be very far indeed from being spiritually destitute.
We therefore see that the historian who would take
the Act of Parliament as his reliable authority, would
be altogether astray as to the facts of the case. He
might possibly dwell on the vicious perfection and
completeness which enumerated so many ecclesiastical
officers that no loophole of escape was left, but the
perfection after all would be only imaginary, and the
real truth would be altogether different from the
conclusions that he would naturally draw from the
words of the statute.

As the reign of Queen Anne advanced the penal
code grew in intensity, and it perhaps reached its
climax in 1709, when the priests were required to take
the oath of abjuration. By the Act of that year,
informers were encouraged to betray Romish ecclesias-

1 Cogan, Diocese of Meatk, vol. ii., p. 153.

PENAL LAWS 75

tics, and fifty pounds were to be given for the
apprehension and conviction of an archbishop, bishop,
or vicar general ; twenty pounds for a friar ; and ten
pounds for a schoolmaster. We might naturally
conclude from a law like this that at such a time
it would have been impossible to appoint a new bishop.
But, once more, such a conclusion would be altogether
wrong. It was exactly this juncture that was chosen
for the appointment of a Roman Catholic Bishop of
Meath. The See had been for some years vacant, and
had been governed by a vicar general. The last
occupant, Doctor Tyrrell, who had been bishop in
the time of James II., had been a very militant church-
man. He was present at the battle of the Boyne,
lived in camp with the soldiers for some time after-
wards, and was in Limerick during the siege. Shortly
after this he died, and it is not surprising that the
authorities of the Church deemed it prudent not to
appoint a successor until the remembrance of his
warlike exploits had to some extent passed away.
The remarkable point is that the time deemed suitable
for such an appointment was the moment when the
penal laws are supposed to have been at their very
worst, and when, if they had been really enforced,
such an appointment would have been impossible.

The prelate who was thus appointed was Doctor
Luke Fagan, who afterwards became Roman Catholic
Archbishop of Dublin. A few years after his conse-
cration to Meath, some busybody brought the case
before the courts, but the proceedings that followed
only showed how easily the law could be evaded*
and that the authorities were evidently only too ready
to connive at the evasion.

There was a certain amount of evidence taken at
Mullingar, but the Deputy Clerk of the Crown omitted

76 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

to enter the examinations in the judge's book of bills,
and in consequence, no action was taken and no decree
made. The clerk was brought before the House of
Lords to answer for his neglect, but, on expressing
his regret, and begging pardon of the House, his
offence was condoned, and the incident came to an
end. The clerk who thus conveniently forgot his
duty was almost certainly a Protestant, and we may
be quite sure that he would have been more vigilant
if he was not well aware that the Protestant magistrates
were at his back. The House of Lords too, manifestly
considered his offence to be only venial. The whole
incident illustrates well the point that we are insisting
on : that the enactments of the law and the administra-
tion of it were two very different things.

After the death of Queen Anne the penal laws
continued to be in force, but were administered with
rigour which diminished as the time went on. The
danger of a Jacobite rising grew less and less, and the
Roman Catholic clergy showed a disposition to accept
the inevitable, and to acquiesce in the rule of the House
of Brunswick. Towards the middle of the century,
a meeting of bishops was convened by the Bishop of
Meath, and a manifesto put forth explaining how the
spiritual obligations of Roman Catholics were perfectly
reconcilable with their temporal allegiance. 2 These
circumstances rendered the existence of penal laws
less necessary. In 1743 there was, for a short time,
a revival of the old severity, in consequence of the
rumour that an invasion of the country by the French
was intended. It soon, however, passed away. A
priest from Meath celebrated Mass in an old house in
Cook Street, Dublin, and so great was the crush, that
the floor gave way, and several of the worshippers

1 Cogan, Diocese of Meath, vol. ii.. p. 165.

PENAL LAWS 77

were killed. This occurrence seems to have brought
it home to the minds of people that the method of
repression was as unworthy as it was ineffectual, and
accordingly the laws were immediately after this very
much relaxed. Towards the end of the century the
Romanists had in practice all the liberty that they
desired, though it was not for many years that the
penal code was finally repealed. Occasional outbursts
of bigotry and intolerance, no doubt, there were from
time to time, but they were never very serious, and the
Roman Catholics easily managed to hold their own.
In 1779, when Doctor Plunkett was appointed Roman
Catholic Bishop of Meath, it is said that some of the
Protestants of Navan were determined that no popish
bishop would be allowed to live in that town, but
Plunkett simply defied them, and overcame their
opposition without any difficulty.

Besides the coercive methods of the penal code,
there were other and less objectionable methods
employed for the conversion of the Roman Catholics.
In 1709, while Parliament was devising means for
banishing Romish ecclesiastics, Convocation was dis-
cussing a more excellent way of reaching the people
of the country. It was agreed that the Bible and the
Prayer Book should be published in the Irish language,
and that preachers competent to speak to the people
in that tongue should be employed, itinerating from
parish to parish for that purpose. 3 The scheme was
an excellent one on paper, but it needed some
enthusiasm and devotion to carry it out, and these
things unfortunately were conspicuously lacking at
the time. Some Protestants openly opposed the scheme ;
others gave it a half-hearted acquiescence. Between
them, it never came to very much.

'Mant

78 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

A little later in the century, Henry Maule, then
(1733) Bishop of Dromore, and afterwards Bishop of
Meath, took up the subject, and advocated the
establishment of schools all over the country. In a
sermon preached by him in Christ Church Cathedral
on the 23rd of October, 1733, he dwells at length
on the methods to be adopted for the conversion of the
Roman Catholics, and he says that two things were
necessary : first, a wise and prudent execution of the
laws against Popery ; and secondly, effectual and
Christian methods for the general instruction of the
Irish natives in the principles of the true religion
and the English tongue. Under the second head he
dwells at length on the importance of educating the
people, and says that " the poorer sort of the Irish
most chearfully send their children to the English
Protestant schools, provided they are taught gratis."
The scheme which he advocated was to some extent
carried out. A charter was granted, for which reason
the institutions became known as " charter schools,"
and there were great hopes that the system would be
crowned with an abundant success. Unfortunately,
it was an age in which corruption reigned supreme,
and the fraud that was carried on in connection with
the charter schools soon destroyed any hopes of their
efficacy in accomplishing the purposes for which they
were intended. The priests, after a time, forbade their
people to send the children, and established opposition
schools of their own in every district. In 1788 there
were two hundred and thirty-six Roman Catholic
schools in the Diocese of Meath a much larger number
than is to be found at the present moment.

The efforts made for the conversion of Roman
Catholics, though conducted in this half-hearted and
blundering way, were not without result. There is

PENAL LAWS 79

preserved in the Record Office at Dublin, quite a long
roll of certificates granted to converts. Of these,
something more than a hundred belong to the Diocese
of Meath not a very great number considering the
space of time covered, but probably not representing
more than a fractional part of the real total. Those
who received these certificates had first signed a form
of abjuration, which they afterwards read publicly
in church during the time of divine service. They
were then received by the clergyman, who used a special
form of prayer provided for the occasion, and all this
being reported to the bishop, the formal certificate
was issued by him. The following form was drawn up by
Bishop Maule for use in the Diocese of Meath, and is
preserved in a Book of Precedents :

Henry, by Divine Providence Lord Bishop of Meath,
to all to whom these Presents come, greeting. We do hereby
certifie that A.B., of the Parish of C., in the County of D.,
hath renounced the errors of the Church of Rome, and was
received into the Communion of the Church of Ireland, on
the fourteenth day of July, in the year of Our Lord One
thousand seven hundred forty and five, and that the said A.B.
is a Protestant, and doth conform to the Church of Ireland
as by law established. In testimony whereof we have caused
our episcopal Seal to be affixed to these Presents. Dated
the twenty-second day of July, in the year of Our Lord One
thousand seven hundred forty and five.

The most famous of the converts, as far as the
Diocese of Meath is concerned, was Baron Dunboyne,
who in 1786 resigned his position as Roman Catholic
Bishop of Cork, declaring at the same time his intention
of marrying. Great pressure was brought to bear upon
him by the authorities of the Roman Church to prevent
what they naturally regarded as a great scandal.
The Pope himself wrote a letter to dissuade him ;

80 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

but all was without avail. He read his recantation
in 1787 in the Parish Church of Clonmel. His certificate
is amongst those preserved in the Record Office, but
it does not mention the fact that he had been Bishop
of Cork. In 1800 he once more made his submission
to the Church of Rome, and prayed to be restored to
its communion.

CHAPTER XXX.

METHODISM.

METHODISM was undoubtedly the most remarkable
religious movement of the eighteenth century. Its
progress in Meath was not as marked as it was in
some other parts of the country, yet it was sufficiently
great to merit special notice in a history of the
diocese. 1

It was principally in the western portions of the
diocese that the Methodists established their societies.
The following places are all mentioned in John Wesley's
Journal as localities that had been visited by that
great evangelist : Tullamore, Clara, Moate, Athlone,
Tyrrelspass, Ballyboy, Frankford, Ferbane, Mullingar,
and Drumcree. To some of these places he only paid
a passing visit, but in most of them he established
societies, many of which continue to the present day.
He seems to have had large congregations wherever
he went. In Tullamore, he says that " most of the
inhabitants of the town " came to the preaching, and
even at five o'clock in the morning " abundance of
them " came back again to hear him once more. In
Clara he preached to " a vast number of well-behaved
people." In Moate he had only a handful of listeners,
but they were very enthusiastic, and he pays the place
the compliment of saying that it was " the pleasantest
town that I have seen in Ireland." But it was at

1 The information in this chapter is mostly derived from John Wesley's
Journal.

VOL. II. G

82 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

Athlone especially that he had the greatest success.
Here he preached from the window of an unfinished
house, opposite the market house, for the building
which had been placed at his disposal " would not have
contained half the congregation." This was on
Saturday, the second of April, 1784. The following
day he preached again, and so many came, that he
says : " The waters spread too wide to be deep."
The next Sunday the Roman Catholic priest had to
forbid his flock from attending, and " seeing his
command did not avail, came in person at six, and
drove them away before him like a flock of sheep."
After that, he tells us, " the roaring lion began to
shake himself," and there was some opposition, but the
objectors could not oppose openly, " the stream running
so strong against them." And so he continued until,
at the end of his visit, he writes, " With much
difficulty I broke away from this immeasurably loving
people."

Notwithstanding this success, John Wesley does
not seem to have had a very high opinion of the
spirituality of the Meath people. They came to his
meetings and behaved decorously, but they seldom
were touched with his enthusiasm, and therefore it
seemed to him that they failed to receive as much
benefit as might otherwise have come to them. At
Clara, he rejoices in the great multitudes that flocked
to his service, but adds : ' How few of these would
have returned empty if they had heard the word of
God, not out of curiosity merely but from a real desire
to do His will." On another occasion he writes con-
cerning the same place, " I admired the seriousness
of the whole congregation ; " from which we might
imagine that an improvement had taken place in the
meantime. But even then he was not quite satisfied,

METHODISM 83

for he adds : " Indeed one or two gentlemen appeared
quite unconcerned, but the presence of greater
gentlemen kept them within bounds, so they were as
quiet as if they had been at the play-house."

They were much more responsive to him at Tyrrels-
pass. Speaking of a meeting held there in 1748, he
says : " Many of the neighbouring gentlemen were
present, but none mocked. That is not the custom
here. All attend to what is spoken in the name of
God. They do not understand the making sport with
sacred things, so that whether they approve or not
they behave with seriousness." A somewhat different
picture of the place is presented by Charles Wesley,
who, writing about the same time, says : " God has
begun a great work here. The people of Tyrrelspass
were wicked to a proverb swearers, drunkards,
Sabbath-breakers, thieves, etc., from time immemorial.
But now the scene is entirely changed. Not an oath
is heard or a drunkard seen among them. Aperto
vivitur horto. They are turned from darkness to light.
Near one hundred are joined in society, and following
hard after the pardoning God."

For some reason or other, the Methodists were for
a long time kept out of Mullingar. On July gth, 1750,
Wesley notes in his Journal. " In our way we stopped
an hour at Mullingar. The sovereign of the town came
to the inn, and expressed much desire that I should
preach, but I had little hopes of doing good by
preaching in a place where I could preach but once,
and where none except myself would be suffered to
preach at all." After a time, however, the obstacle,
whatever it was, was removed, and in 1767 he tells
us : ' We went on to Molingar, where for many years
no Methodist preacher could appear." But even then
the Mullingar people seem to have been ^somewhat

84 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

half-hearted, for when, a few years later, he preached
there again (in 1771), he tells us that there was " a
serious and decent congregation, but they seemed
quite unconcerned."

The system of these early Methodists was quite
consistent with loyalty to the church. To some extent,
no doubt, it ignored the parochial organization.
Wesley and his followers did not hesitate to carry on
their work without paying any respect to the opinion
of the ecclesiastical authorities of the district. He
used to say, " The world is my parish," and he acted
continually on that principle. But on the other hand,
the Methodist service was always held at such an hour
as would not interfere with the regular church services.
Wesley himself always made it a point to attend divine
service in the parish church of the district in which he
found himself, and he exhorted his followers to do
the same. In consequence of this attitude, the
Methodist movement was encouraged by many of the
clergy. John Wesley tells us that at one of his meetings
at Athlone he had five clergymen present among the
auditors. It is said that Henry Goldsmith, brother of
the poet, and curate of Kilkenny West, was amongst
those who were attracted by the Methodist services
at Athlone. The historian of Irish Methodism most
gratuitously suggests that his religion had been up
to this mere formalism a suggestion that is certainly
not borne out by anything we know of the man. He
says : " He was just the amiable person so beautifully
described in the Deserted Village, but like most of the
clergy of that day, was a stranger to experimental
religion, regarding its profession as enthusiasm." 3
He seems to have been greatly impressed with the
Methodist preaching, and it lends a certain pathos

' Crookshank, History of Methodism.

METHODISM 85

to the story, when we learn that he died about six
weeks after he had been brought into contact with the
movement.

But if some of the clergy encouraged the preachers,
there is no doubt, that many others opposed them.
Nor need we wonder at this, for if in some places
Methodism was found to be a help to the Church, in
many other places it was distinctly antagonistic. In
Oldcastle, when the Society was first established there,
the congregation in church increased so much that the
building was unable to accommodate the crowd that
assembled Sabbath after Sabbath. In other places
it was the same, and if all members of the society had
been faithful followers of the founder, there would have
been a similar experience in every case. Unfortunately,
the tendency which at length led the Methodists to
separate from the Church was already making its
influence felt, and relations consequently often became
somewhat strained. In Athlone, at one time, the
Methodists in a body left the church, and it was only
by the personal influence of John Wesley himself that
they were induced to return. He urged that if only
for the sake of the other worshippers, who sadly needed
a good example, the Methodists should not absent
themselves from the parish church. But he pointed
out also that the spiritual loss to themselves was
equally great, for the meetings of the society were never
intended to be a substitute for the ordinary services
of the sanctuary. Writing in 1767, when the Methodists
of Athlone had been brought to a better mind, he says :
' I was among those that both feared and loved God ;
but to this day they have not recovered the loss which
they sustained when they left off going to church.
It is true that they have long been convinced of their
mistake, yet the fruit of it still remains ; so that there

86 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

are very few that retain that vigour of spirit which
they before enjoyed."

When such tendencies were beginning to manifest
themselves, we can scarcely wonder that the majority
of the church clergy viewed the whole movement with
suspicion, and that some of them even encountered it
with hostility. This hostility came to a head in Meath
in the year 1751, when a formal complaint was made
to the bishop concerning the action of the vicar of
Delvin, Mr. Moore Booker, who had identified himself
in a very public way with the Methodist movement.
The bishop not only spoke to Mr. Booker privately,
but mentioned the matter in his visitation charge,
and cautioned the clergy against the delusion that one
of their brethren had unhappily fallen under. Some
correspondence ensued, which was afterwards issued
in pamphlet form by Mr. Booker, and from which a
few extracts may be given, as throwing light on the
history of this great religious movement. Mr. Booker
only gives his own letters, and the documents to which
these are replies have not been preserved. We have
therefore only the statement of one side of the question.
By inference, however, we may learn to some extent
what was the position taken by the bishop, and by
those of the clergy with whom he agreed.

Mr. Booker, by way of preface to his letters, gives
a short address to the reader. In it he complains of
the action of the bishop at the visitation, and says that,
" my defection has since become a common topic of
conversation, both in city and country." He goes
on to say concerning the Methodists : "I believe I have
heard all that can be said with the least propriety
against them, and still think they ought not to be
discouraged. ... I must declare that my church, at
least its Communion Table, owes almost nine in ten

METHODISM 87

of its company to their labours, and I can affirm the
same of one or two neighbouring parishes. Were it
not for them, we should meet as few of the meaner sort
there as of gentlemen of rank and fortune."

Then comes his letter to the bishop. In it he asks
for advice in relation to his behaviour to the people
called Methodists, who were increasing in and about
his parish. He says that he had given them no
countenance until he had enquired into their tenets,
their lives, and their conversation, and that he had
found them very strongly attached to the doctrines
of the Established Church ; that they professed no
singularities, except in a zeal for faith, purity, and
devotion, that rises to enthusiasm, and all this
accompanied with a scrupulous exactness in their
moral conduct. He then speaks of the increase in his
congregations, and especially in the number of com-
municants, and tells how the Methodists were asking
for more frequent Communions, which he was giving
them, both at his own church and at the church of
Drumcree. Incidentally he mentions that the number
of communicants on Christmas Day in Delvin Church
was above fifty, and that on the day before he wrote
his letter to the bishop, he had seventy communicants
at Drumcree. Among these seventy, he says, there were
six Papists, and he tells us how, " it was not a little
affecting to see the poor creatures open their mouths
for the bread to be put into them, as they had
been used." In conclusion, he expresses the opinion
that the clergy should treat the Methodists with all
gentleness and indulgence. "If we can but reclaim
them," he says, " from their enthusiasm, and prevail
on the more rational members of the society for
such they have among them to lead them into
a more intelligible manner of expressing themselves

88 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF Ml- A TH

in their particular assemblies, they may become such
ornaments to Christianity as may give us a little
sketch of the apostolic age. . . . That they are casting
out devils in Christ's name is undeniable, and we have
not even the weak pretence of the infant apostles for
the forbidding them, since it cannot be said they follow
not with us. Besides, if they be irritated, it is to be
feared they may entirely desert the Church, and make
its deplorable breaches wider."

When the bishop received this letter, he showed
it to some of his clergy, and consulted with them as
to what course of conduct he should pursue. He then
asked Mr. Booker to wait on him, and an interview
ensued, in which, says the latter, " his lordship treated
me with all civility and paternal affection." The
bishop objected to the Methodists that " they had
arrogated to preach without any legal designation to
that office, being neither bishops, priests, or deacons."
To this Booker replied that unordained persons are
indeed very wisely excluded from our pulpits, but he
knew of no law of God or of Protestants that forbade
Christians, even of the laity, to assemble themselves
together (at hours not appointed for the service of
God or man) to exhort one another, to confess their
sins one to another, and pray for one another, to read
the Holy Scriptures, and when merry to sing psalms.

The bishop then made a comparison between
the Methodists and the Puritans, but Booker again
replied, that " did they, like the Puritans of the former
age, seduce believers from the Established Church,
we should have reason to be alarmed ; but the direct
contrary is manifest."

His lordship went on to blame Mr. Booker for
attending the Methodist meetings, and taking part
in them. His defence on this point was peculiar,

METHODISM 89

and showed that he had no great confidence in the
Wesleyan system after all. " Really, I thought
myself," he said, " as much in the way of my duty as
some tender mothers whom I have known, when
strangers had got in to the nursery, to steal in lest
they should have brought their pockets full of trash,
and poison the children out of stark love and kindness."

The bishop named some clergymen in the diocese
who entertained opinions antagonistic to the Methodists.
To this Mr. Booker replied that " he could not be
expected to pay implicit deference to their judgment,
but must be led by his own conscience." He then
added, " The great Gerson's question must be mine,
To what end did God give me a conscience of my own,
if another man's must be my rule of living and dying ? "
He afterwards spoke to one or two of the clergymen
who had been named by the bishop, and he tells us
that " their prejudices ran high, but they knew
nothing of the people in question but by hearsay."

The interview ended by the bishop referring Mr.
Booker to the vicar general of the diocese, " for
further information and advice, in relation to the great
offence he had to his brethren, by his letter to his
lordship." As a consequence of this reference, Mr.
Booker wrote a second letter, a copy of which is also
given in his pamphlet, addressed to the Reverend
Doctor Adam Lyndon, Vicar General of Meath.

In this he repeats much of what he had already
stated, and defends himself against the several charges
that had been made aganist him. The objections
urged aganist the Methodists seem to have been
principally on account of their " enthusiasm," by
which word was then meant either fancied inspiration,
or an ill-regulated and misdirected excitement of
religious emotion. To this charge Booker replies

QO HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

that " the very low and ignorant are only to be gained
by so strong and violent an assault upon their passions
that no small degree of enthusiasm is able to cany
to effect." He also adds that " these poor people
in no way pretend to prophecy, but depend wholly on
the ordinary co-operation of the Spirit of God with
their own, which they are persuaded Jesus Christ
has promised them in His Gospel, on the condition
of true faith and sincere repentance. Their terrible
agitations arise only from conviction of their sins,
and their joyous emotions, which in some time exceeds
them, from the apprehension of the Spirit of God
bearing witness with their spirits that they are the
sons of God. If all this be nonsense, it is not their own.
Saint John seems to have addressed his First Epistle
chiefly to such little children, that they might (not
suppose or hope, but) know that they have eternal life."
In the concluding paragraph of the letter, he tells
that his son, in Dublin, had heard some very ex-
aggerated accounts of the bishop's action. ' There
was a report about town that I was to be suspended
for a letter I had written to my bishop concerning
the swaddlers." He says he is not afraid of that,
as indeed he need not have been, for there was neither
the power nor the wish to do so. But he goes on to
tell of one of his parishioners, Alexander Irwin, who
had been assaulted in Athboy, " a town full of Papists."
The cry, " a swaddler," was raised by the Popish
mob, who attacked the man in great numbers, knocked
him down, and beat him hi a most cruel manner, some
of the bones of his hand being dislocated, if not broken.
' This, sir," adds Mr. Booker, " or worse may, nay
shall be, my fate, if nothing but joining cry against
these poor innocents can prevent it."

It is a curious fact that notwithstanding all this

METHODISM QI

championing of the Methodists by Mr. Booker, they
on their part did not at all approve of him or of his
ministrations. The incident is one that is sometimes
referred to as illustrating the intolerance of the Church
at that time. A recent writer says concerning it,
' The Vicar of Delvin might question the natural
depravity of man, repudiate the personality of the
Devil, and even deny the Divinity of Christ, as
publicly and frequently as he pleased, with no one
to gainsay or call him to account ; but as soon as he
showed any sympathy with Methodism, the bishop
and his clergy were up in arms against him. "3

The slanderous assertion here made that Bishop
Maule would not have censured Mr. Booker for heresy
has absolutely no grounds to go upon. That he did not
approve of the methods of the Wesleyans is of course
manifest, and that being so, he had a perfect right
to reason with one of his clergy as he did. Methodists
of the present day have for the most part been brought
to see that the bishop was right. They have plenty of
" enthusiasm " in its modern sense, and to this they
owe their great success in many places. But
" enthusiasm " in the same sense in which the word
was used in the eighteenth century is no longer
favoured by them. Possibly it might have been wiser
in the rulers of the Church at that time if they had
endeavoured to control and correct the movement,
instead of condemning it, but if they saw in it as they
believed they did elements that were objectionable,
it is not fair to charge them with intolerance if they
held aloof from that in which they could not join
conscientiously.

3 Crookshank.

CHAPTER XXXI.

BISHOPS OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY.

DURING the eighteenth century there were no fewer
than thirteen bishops of Meath. Some of them were
quickly promoted ; others only lived for a short time
after their appointment. Both causes combined to
make the changes frequent. But Meath was not
altogether singular in this respect, for the way in which
prelates were translated from see to see at that time
would surprise churchmen of to-day. Of some of
these bishops Tennison, Moreton, Evans, Downes,
Lambert, and Ellis we have already spoken. It
remains to add a few details concerning the other
bishops up to the end of the century.

On the death of Bishop Ellis in 1734, Arthur
Price, Bishop of Ferns and Leighlin, was translated
to Meath. It is observed of him that he " gradually
passed through all the stations of the Church, having
been successively first reader, then curate, of Saint
Werburgh's in Dublin ; vicar of Celbridge ; prebendary
of Donadea in Kildare ; rector of Louth in Armagh ;
archdeacon and canon of Kildare ; and finally dean
of Ferns ; whence he was promoted to the bishoprics
of Clonfert and Kilmacduagh, in May, 1724." l From
Clonfert he was translated to Ferns, and from that to
Meath. After nine years he was once more translated
this time to the archbishopric of Cashel.

Bishop Evans had bequeathed certain funds for
the erection of an episcopal palace at Ardbraccan, and

1 Harris's Wart.

BISHOPS OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY 93

had obtained plans for the building, which doubtless
he would himself have erected if his life had been
spared. His three immediate successors allowed the
project to remain in abeyance, and it was not until
the time of Bishop Price that the work was taken in
hand. Price began by erecting the offices, which he
built in a handsome manner, so that they might serve
for wings of the principal building. He had only
progressed thus far in the work when he was translated
from Meath to Cashel, and his successor allowed things
to remain as they were, using part of the new offices
as his dwelling-house.

When Price took up his abode at Cashel, he found
that his predecessor, Archbishop Bolton, had under-
taken the restoration of the old cathedral. It was
the most ancient and historically interesting fabric
then in use in all Ireland, and he prized it as a relic
of the ancient Irish Church. It would not have
required any great sum for the preservation of the old
building. On the other hand, it was not easily
accessible, and for that reason Archbishop Price
abandoned the undertaking, and procured an Act of
Council authorizing him to remove the cathedral from
the Rock of Cashel into the town. The roof of the old
church was then torn away, the soldiers quartered
in the town being employed for the purpose ; and the
new cathedral, though begun after some delay, was left
unfinished for over twenty years. An anno tat or, writing
in an old copy of Ware, mentions these facts, and adds
" It were much to be wished that he had never quitted
Meath, for then the house of Ardbraccan would have
been completed ; and the noble, the venerable
cathedral of Cashel would have escaped his destructive
hand." *

Mant.

94 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

The next in the succession of Bishops of Meath
was Doctor Henry Maule, who was translated from
the bishopric of Dromore in 1743. He was a native
of Arklow, and was educated in Trinity College. In
1720 he was appointed Dean of Cloyne, and in 1726
was promoted to the bishopric of the same diocese.
From thence he was translated to Dromore in 1732,
and finally to Meath in 1743. Archbishop King says
of him that he was distinguished by his care for the
souls under his charge, and his charity for the poor,
his concern for the faith and discipline of the Church,
his good affection for his Majesty, and zeal for his
government and the public good.

We have already seen how Bishop Maule advocated
the establishment of charter schools, believing that
the education of the young was the best means for
regenerating the country. He carried out his ideas
in his own neighbourhood, and established one of these
schools near his own house at Ardbraccan. It
continued for many years in a state of efficiency, doing
a good work. A writer in the Hibernian Magazine for
June, 1809, gives the following description of the
place :

Being a few minutes walk to the charter school, I visited
it. I was never very partial to these institutions, and so
much has latterly been said on the subject in public, I confess
I entered the house with many prejudices against them. An
inspection of its economy, however, convinced me that these
prejudices were groundless, and to dissipate them, it is only
necessary to visit the seminary of Ardbraccan. There are
sixty boys in the establishment, who have been rescued from
idleness, poverty and vice, with their consequent evils, and are
here trained up under a very active and intelligent master,
in a way to render them useful and virtuous members of
society. The Incorporated Society have also established an
extensive cotton factory, under the inspection of the master,
where twelve looms are constantly employed on the premises,

95

and many other industrious artizans in that neighbourhood.
The manufacture of cords and velveteens have been already
brought to a high degree of perfection, which, if the finishing
were equal, would for fineness and durability of texture, rival
English fabric.

The same writer tells how Bishop Maule endeavoured
in other ways to promote the prosperity of the place.
He says :

Bishop Maule, who held the See about seventeen years ago,
was the founder of its (Ardbraccan's) modern prosperity. He
established here a colony of English settlers, at a time when
the industry of the natives stood much in need of the example
afforded by the strangers, and divided the lands into small
farms, which even notwithstanding the shortness of the leases,
were rapidly improving. The late bishop, however, in his
rage for improvements of another sort, deprived their descen-
dants of their farms, for the purpose of converting them into
pasturage and pleasure grounds, and dispersed their unfortunate
inmates. The consequence was what might be expected ;
and Ardbraccan, which even thirty years ago was a flourishing
village, is now entirely gone to decay, not having above half
a dozen cottages left.

It was in the time of Bishop Maule that Wilson's
Hospital, at Multifarnham, was founded. The funds
of the institution were derived under the will of Mr.
Andrew Wilson, who died in 1724, and left his property
for the benefit of his wife and others, and after her
death for the benefit of his nephew William Wilson.
On his decease, the property was to go to the Lord
Primate, the Archbishops of Dublin and Tuam, and
the Bishops of Meath and Kilmore, who were within
seven years to build a hospital, with school house and
chapel, and to open the institution for the reception
of old men to a number not exceeding forty, and
Protestant male children, not exceeding one hundred
and fifty. He made various regulations for the

96 HISTORY OP THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

management of the establishment, and directed that
the inmates should be dressed with blue faced with
orange. He also provided for a chaplain, who was to
be appointed at a salary not exceeding twenty pounds
a year, and who was to hold daily service, and on the
8th day of September in each year (being the
testator's birth day) " preach a sermon to the aged
men and children to be settled in the said Hospital, to
keep his charitable intention in their remembrance."

His nephew, William Wilson, after having come
into possession of the property, purchased other lands,
which he left as an addition to the endowment, and on
his death, in 1743, the whole passed into the hands of
the trustees named in the will of Andrew Wilson,
and is still administered by their respective successors.
There was a law suit set on foot by the heirs at law,
who endeavoured to upset the will, but it was com-
promised by a payment made to them of 3,412 ios.,
and this compromise was afterwards ratified by an Act
of Parliament, by which the trustees were constituted
a corporate body. The institution still continues its
career of usefulness, and is at present in a flourishing
condition under its efficient warden, the Reverend
Hill Wilson White, D.D., LL.D.

Bishop Maule appears to have been very diligent
in his visitation of the clergy of the diocese. From
his time we have a succession of Visitation Books,
which, though they give very little information, yet
show that the visitations were regularly held. A
Diocesan Synod also was held yearly on the Thursday
after Whitsunday the Visitation being generally held
on Wednesday in the same week. The synod was
presided over by the archdeacon, and in Meath it took
the place which in other dioceses was taken by the
Dean and Chapter. The business transacted at these

BISHOPS OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY 97

synods was not very important, and in many years
there is no report at all. The following Minutes
for the year 1747 will show the class of subjects that
engaged their attention.

First, there is a list of parishes, with the names of
the rector, curate, parish clerk, churchwardens, and
schoolmaster, in each case. Then it goes on :

Acts had and sped in the annual synod of the clergy of the
Diocese of Meath, held in the Parish Church of Tryme, in the
said Diocese of Meath, on Thursday next following the Feast
of Pentecost, to wit, the eleventh day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand seven hundred and forty and seven,
before the said Right Reverend ffather in God Henry by
Divine Permission Lord Bishop of Meath, and in presence of
me, John Harris, Register of the said diocese.

(Here follow sixty-six names of clergy attending.)

On which day, and so-forth, it was unanimously agreed
upon that for the time to come at every visitation to be holden
for the said Diocese of Meath, each beneficed clergyman of the
said diocese, whether absent or present, do pay for his dinner
an English crown, and that each curate of the said Diocese of
Meath, if present at dinner, do pay for his dinner one half an
English crown. And it was likewise agreed that a proxy
tendered by any person to excuse the personal appearance of
any beneficed clergyman at any future visitation, shall not be
received unless such proctor shall pay and discharge all demands
such beneficed clergyman shall be subject to at such visitation.

Signed by order,

JOHN HARRIS, Register. 3

From the report of other synods, we learn that
the clergy used to elect proctors to serve in Parliament,
and " in their behalf to consent to such things as shall
be then and there enacted." The clergy also " ratified
and confirmed under the common seal " the commission
of the vicar general of the diocese ; and they made
arrangements for the support of the widows of the
clergy.

3 Record Office, Dublin.
VOL. II. H

98 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

In 1751 the number of widows on the list was five,
and amongst them was the widow of Charles Goldsmith,
and mother of Oliver, who received an annuity of
ten pounds a year. In connection with this fact
it is interesting to notice that the Vicar of Wakefield
is represented as making a charity such as this his
special care. ' The profits of my living, which
amounted to about thirty-five pounds a year, I made
over to the orphans and widows of the clergy of our
diocese." In 1758 it would seem that the fund was
not progressing satisfactorily, and in the synod of that
year it was " agreed that the Rev. Dr. Atkinson, the
Rev. Mr. Cope, the Rev. Mr. Coghlan, the Rev. Mr.
Thompson, the Rev. Mr. Lightburn, the Rev. Mr.
Barker, the Rev. Mr. Daine, and such other of the
clergy as will attend, shall be a committee to draw up
and consider of a scheme for the better provision of
the widows of the clergy of the diocese, and that they
meet as shall be most convenient to them for that
purpose. And it was further ordered and agreed
that all widows hereafter who intend to apply for the
benefit arising by this fund shall send a memorial
in writing, which is to be lodged with the register of
the diocese previous to the visitation, setting forth
their pretensions to it, certified by the minister of the
parish where they reside ; and that such widows who
at present receive relief from the same are to send
an affidavit to every visitation of their having no other
relief or charity elsewhere, and of their not being
married at the respective times of their making such
affidavits." The efforts of the committee were not
very effectual, for in the next year they were only
able to pay eight pounds to each widow, " on account
of the deficiency of the fund." This fund continued
to be in existence up to the time of disestablishment.

BISHOPS OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY 99

Besides the ordinary visitations, Bishop Maule
used to visit specially parishes in which the cir-
cumstances of the case seemed to require it. We have
an example of such a visitation being held at Laracor,
on the seventh of August, 1750. The Record 4 tells
us that " Peter Hannon, clerk, Vicar of Lercor, other-
wise Laracor, in the said Diocese of Meath, being
three times publicly called, appeared personally in
court, and was admonished by the court to reside
in his said vicarage, and to perform the cure thereof
by the twenty-ninth day of September next ensuing,
under pain of contempt."

Among the many good deeds of Bishop Maule, it
deserves to be mentioned that he restored the tomb
of Bishop Montgomery in the churchyard of Ard-
braccan. A Latin inscription records how it had
fallen down and become ruinous, either from the
effects of time, or more probably from the evil deed
of sacrilegious hands, and that it was restored, lest
the memory of the righteous should be blotted out.
In the same tomb were buried Montgomery's wife and
daughter, and three quaint figures may still be seen
with the initials, G.M., S.M., and I.M. Maule himself
was buried in the same tomb, and at a later period
Bishops Pococke and O'Beirne were also laid to rest
there beside their predecessors.

It may be noted, too, that Maule took some interest
in history, and had at one time the intention of writing
a History of the Church of Ireland. 5 He wrote to
Archbishop King on the subject, and that prelate
replied in a letter which discusses the subject, admitting
that such a work was very much needed, but stating that
the difficulties in the way were so great that he had
no hopes of ever seeing it accomplished. He says that

* Record Office, Dublin. B Mant.

IOO HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

the clergy " are put to such shifts to live, so employed
in the common offices of their duties, that they have
not time to apply themselves to anything else ; "
and, as to the laymen, " our gentlemen do not apply
themselves to learning, and those who are able to
employ hands to collect and procure the sight of records
generally live out of the kingdom."

The Record Office of that day, too, was not as
efficiently managed or as accessible to students as it
is at present. " The offices where our records lie
are kept or held by persons that neither live in the
kingdom, nor if they did, were capable of looking into
the records. The poor harpy deputy has no view
but to get money ; never minds anything but what
gets him the penny ; hardly knows what records he
has in his custody ; and can neither find them if you
inquire for them, nor let you peruse them without
considerable sums and great costs." With difficulties
such as these, it does not surprise us to learn that the
project went no further.

From the particulars which have been given it
will be seen that Bishop Maule was one of our most
efficient bishops. He held the See of Meath until his
death, which occurred in 1758, and was succeeded by
the Honourable William Carmichael, second son of
the Earl of Hyndford. Carmichael had been Arch-
deacon of Bucks, and came to Ireland as Bishop of
Clonfert in 1753. In 1758 he was translated to Leighlin,
and in the same year translated again to Meath. He
continued in Meath until 1765, when he became
Archbishop of Dublin. There is nothing particular
to record of his episcopate.

He was succeeded by Richard Pococke, well known
as a traveller, whose works are not without their value,
even at the present day. He was the son of an English

BISHOPS OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY IOI

clergyman, and nephew of Thomas Milles, Bishop of
Waterford. His first episcopal appointment was to
the See of Ossory, which he obtained in 1756. From
thence he was translated to Meath in 1765 ; but he
survived this event only for a few months, for he was
seized with apoplexy while in the act of holding his
first visitation, and died shortly afterwards.

He was not only a traveller but an antiquary, and
was of great assistance to Mervyn Archdall in the
preparation of his Monasticon, supplying him with
some of his materials, and making suggestions as to
the form the work should take. Archdall had been
domestic chaplain to the Bishop while in the See of
Ossory, and it is a curious coincidence that while the
present Bishop of Down, Doctor Crozier, was Bishop
of Ossory, he had for domestic chaplain a member of
the same family, and a namesake of the famous author,
the Reverend Mervyn Archdall Clare. In 1786 Mervyn
Archdall entered the Diocese of Meath as Incumbent
of Slane, and in that parish spent many years, until
his death. His tombstone at Slane is still preserved.

The following curious description of Bishop Pococke
is given by a Mr. Cunningham, and is quoted in M ant's
History of the Church of Ireland. It not only tells us
something about the bishop, but also of the methods
of travelling, and of the state affected by bishops,
in those days.

That celebrated oriental traveller and author (he says),
was a man of mild manners and primitive simplicity.
Having given the world a full detail of his researches in Egypt,
he seemed to hold himself excused from saying any more
about them, and observed in general an obdurate taciturnity.
In his carriage and deportment he seemed to have contracted
something of the Arab character ; yet there was no austerity
in his silence, and though his air was solemn, his temper was
serene. When we were on our road to Ireland, I saw from

102 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

the windows of the inn at Daventry a cavalcade of horsemen
approaching on a gentle trot, headed by an elderly chief in
clerical attire, who was followed by five servants, at distances
geometrically measured and most precisely maintained, and
who upon entering the inn proved to be this distinguished
prelate, conducting his horde with the phlegmatick patience
of a schiek.

There are still to be seen at Ardbraccan several
magnificent cedar trees, which are said to be the produce
of seeds brought from Lebanon by Bishop Pococke.
He died at Ardbraccan, and was buried, as we have
seen, in the tomb of Bishop Montgomery. On the
south side of the monument which commemorates this
latter prelate there is an inscription which tells us :
" Here lies interred the body of Richard Pocock,
Bishop of Meath, who died September I5th, 1765,
in the 63rd year of his age."

The next bishop was Arthur Smyth, who had been
Dean of Deny, then successively Bishop of Clonfert,
Bishop of Down, and in 1765 Bishop of Meath. He
only continued in the diocese from October, 1765 to
April, 1766, and he was then translated to the Arch-
bishopric of Dublin. The following description of
him is given by his successor in the See of Dublin,
Archbishop Cradock :

He was endowed with talents and qualified by experience
for a due execution of the great trust committed to him, and
both had received improvements from (what is unquestionably
a great acquisition, but at the same time a rare felicity to those
of our order) travel and observation. He had penetration to
discern at the most critical conjunctures and firmness to
accomplish upon the most trying occasions, what appeared
to him for the real benefit of the community, either in Church
or State. In a word, his attention to his duty kept pace with
his knowledge of it. 6

Bishop Smyth was succeeded by the Honourable
Henry Maxwell, youngest son of Lord Farnham. He

Dalton's History of the Archbishops of Dublin, p. 344.

BISHOPS OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY IO3

was translated from Dromore in 1766, and continued to
be Bishop of Meath until his death, which occurred
in 1798. Of this long episcopate we have com-
paratively little record. The visitations were held
regularly every year, but the returns contain merely
a list of the clergy, without any particulars. An
exception can perhaps be made for the return of 1768,
which gives us a little more information. From it we
learn that non-residence, which has so often been
noticed as one of the evils of the Church, had again
become exceedingly prevalent, and that no less than
forty-nine parishes in the diocese were without a
resident clergyman. There were seventy-one churches
in repair. Among the clergy appears the name of
Henry Goldsmith as Curate of Kilkenny West. He
was the brother of the poet. It was by Bishop Maxwell
that the house at Ardbraccan was completed. Doctor
Beaufort, in his Memoir of a Map of Ireland, says of
it that it is " near the town of Navan, erected by the
present bishop, in a style of superior elegance, and yet
with such simplicity as does equal honour to his
lordship's taste and liberality."

The arrangements for the housing of the clergy were
not as satisfactory as that of the bishop, for according
to this same work of Doctor Beaufort, there were
only twenty-nine glebe houses in the whole diocese.
Beaufort's own parish, Navan, was one of those without
a residence for the clergyman, and he has to be counted
also among the pluralists and non-residents, as he was
Incumbent of Collon, in the Diocese of Armagh, where
he usually had his abode.

A new order of things was established when Thomas
Lewis O'Beirne was appointed to the diocese in 1798.
But there is so much to tell about that period, that the
consideration of it must be reserved for another chapter.

CHAPTER XXXII.

THE REBELLION OF 1798.

THE year which saw Bishop O'Beirne entering upon
his duties as Bishop of Meath witnessed one of the most
calamitous events of Irish history, the rebellion of
1798. A few words must be said on this subject before
we enter on an account of the episcopate of that
remarkable prelate. The rebellion did not extend
over so great a part of the country as did the insur-
rection of 1641, nor was the movement in any sense
as formidable. It was, however, sufficiently extended
to cause suffering and unrest even in parts of the country
where there was little or no fighting, and it brought
untold hardships for the time being alike on the
loyalists and on the rebels.

The leaders of the United Irishmen were for the
most part men who had embraced the doctrines of
the French Revolution a fact which may explain
why the rebellion broke out at that particular time.
At first sight it seems strange that the moment chosen
for insurrection was one when the country was making
fairly rapid advance in prosperity, when penal laws
were being repealed, when concessions were being made,
such as the establishment of a Roman Catholic college
at Maynooth, and when Ireland enjoyed a Parliament
of her own, with an amount of independence which
had hitherto been unknown. But the spirit of re-
volution was in the air ; the overthrow of the French
monarchy was a tremendous object lesson before the

THE REBELLION OF 1798 IO5

world ; and as there was always in Ireland a smouldering
discontent, it needed but this to fan it to a flame.

This fact gave to the rebellion of 1798 an aspect
different from that of other insurrections. It took
from it the religious character, and caused the Roman
Catholic bishops and clergy to look upon the movement
with a considerable amount of suspicion. In 1641
a special envoy from Rome came to direct the insurgents
in their enterprise. In 1798, on the contrary, the
movement was to some extent denounced by the rulers
of the Roman Catholic Church. A few of the ordinary
priests, no doubt, were carried away with the tide
of popular opinion, some others were deterred by fear
from expressing themselves publicly in condemnation
of the insurrection, but several of the bishops delivered
themselves very clearly on the subject. Doctor
Plunkett, the Roman Catholic Bishop of Meath,
speaking at Drogheda on the twenty-seventh of May,
told the people that the rebellion was a criminal
insurrection, " connected with principles hostile to
religion, and to our reputation for loyalty, in the cause
of which Irish Catholics had so often suffered before."
The day following, at Duleek, he assigned as the causes
of the rebellion, " the credulity of the lower classes,
the decay of Christian piety, and the prevalence of the
impious principles that are disturbing a great part of
the Continent." At Ratoath, a few days later, he
" reprobated in the most pointed terms the rebellion,
as contrary to the doctrine and practice of Jesus Christ,
of Saint Paul, of the primitive Christians, to the admired
conduct of the Irish Catholics of the last century, as
supported on French principles, hostile to the Catholic
religion." l

These warnings came too late as far as Meath was

1 Cogan, Diocese of Meath.

IO6 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

concerned. Already the insurgents were assembled,
and had tasted alike of battle and of defeat. They
chose the Hill of Tara for their meeting place, doubtless
on account of its historic associations. In point of
military strength, too, they could scarcely have found
a more favourable rendezvous. But they were nothing
more than a badly armed mob, and they were simply
powerless against the disciplined troops with which
they had to contend. They did not even try to retain
the advantage of position which the site afforded,
but assuming the offensive, left the height, and exposed
themselves to the fire of artillery and the charges of
cavalry. The result of course was a complete rout,
and those who escaped from the field of slaughter were
broken up into small parties, who fled through the
country, and were glad if they could reach the shelter
of their homes in safety, thenceforth effectually cured
of a desire for campaigning. At a later period there
was a second attempt to rouse the populace in Meath,
but the punishment of defeat had proved a more
effectual lesson than the exhortations of the bishop,
and the movement then met with no success.

The ordinary rebel, who shouldered his pike and
followed the standard of insurrection, had, it need
hardly be said, only the vaguest idea as to what were
the principles of the Revolution. His one motive was
hatred to England, with, it is to be feared, a large
amount also of hatred to Protestants and Protest-
antism, which, to him meant almost the same thing.
Hence we find that the houses of Protestants, especially
of clergymen, were special objects of attack, and that
along their line of march all the churches were wrecked,
and the Bibles and service books destroyed. For
miles around the district of Tara, not a church or glebe-
house escaped. In Tara itself, the curate was murdered.

THE REBELLION OF 1798 IO7

and the interior of the church destroyed. In the
neighbouring parish of Knockmark, the rebels broke
into the clergyman's house, and burned the parish
registers, together with the Bible and Prayer Book,
and caused the parish clerk to fly for his life. In
Dunboyne the parson's house was ruined, "' by the
vengeance of the rebels on it," and the parish clerk
was " cruelly murdered." The glebe-house of Agher
was attacked on two separate occasions. In Galtrim,
the parish clerk had to leave, for, " being a loyal
Protestant, his life was in danger." In Kilmore and
Kilbrew, the curates had to fly in order to save their
lives. In Athboy and several other places, both parson
and people found it necessary to leave their homes,
and seek safety until the coming of better times. 2

In Westmeath, things were very much the same.
Threatening letters were sent ; clergy were attacked ;
Protestant families had to seek safety in flight. The
chaplain of Wilson's Hospital, Mr. Radcliff, was
actually wounded, and was only saved from the fury
of the rebels by the intercession of the parish priest.

Several skirmishes took place in different parts of
the diocese. In addition to the battle of Tara, there
were engagements at Wilkinstown, Moynalty, Kil-
beggan, Bunbrusna, and Wilson's Hospital. When
the rebels had been defeated in Wexford, some of
them, under the leadership of a Roman Catholic priest
named Kearns, made their way into Meath. They
were dispersed by the troops which encountered them
at Clonard, and they then spread themselves over the
country, when they were hunted down by twos and
threes. Their reverend leader was taken among the
rest, and was executed by martial law at Edenderry.

After the rebellion was actually crushed, there

J Answers to Bishop O'Beirne's Queries. MS. in Library, T.C.D.

108 HISTORY OF THB DIOCESE OF MEATH

continued for some time a kind of petty warfare, caused
by small bands of the dispersed rebels, who roamed
through the country, and though less formidable to
the State it was a source of great danger and annoyance
to the loyal inhabitants. This was more especially
the case in the western portion of the diocese. As a
consequence, martial law continued to be administered,
though it became every day increasingly difficult to
decide whether the offenders should be treated as
rebels or as ordinary criminals.

As happened at other times, our people suffered
from their friends as well as from their foes. The
soldiers who were quartered in different places were with
difficulty kept within bounds. At Dunboyne they
burnt most of the houses, and a sum of money had
afterwards to be granted to compensate for the damage
that they had done. The same thing happened in
several other places. Wilson's Hospital was turned into
a military barrack, the inmates had to be removed
to make room for the soldiers, and a house was taken
at MuUingar for their accommodation. In what state
the military left it after their occupation, may be
judged from the fact, that the glazier's bill alone,
amounted to thirty-eight pounds. At one time six
of the Hospital soldiers were in jail for robbery, and
a guard had to be placed over the Hospital potatoes. 3

Besides trouble of this kind, the year of the
rebellion was a time of great financial difficulty for the
clergy of the diocese. They derived their salaries for
the most part from tithes a source of income always
difficult to obtain. During the disturbance it was
found impossible to collect any tithe, and as a con-
sequence practically all the clergy of Meath were
left for that year without any income.

3 Record Office, Dublin.

THE REBELLION OF 1798 IOQ

Altogether it was a time of great trial to the
Protestant community. In several parishes it caused
the celebration of public worship to be suspended.
All through the diocese, it caused privation and suffering.
Happily, the movement attained no very serious
proportions in Meath, and the disturbances were of
short duration. The first risings in Meath took place
about the middle of the month of May. Before the
autumn of the same year the district was restored to
its normal condition.

CHAPTER XXXIII.

BISHOP THOMAS LEWIS O'BEIRNE.

IN the year of the rebellion, 1798, the Diocese of Meath
received as its bishop a man of remarkable ability,
who inaugurated a new regime, and who in his episco-
pate of twenty-two years brought the diocese from
a position of what seemed almost hopeless disorder to
a state of efficiency which it had not known since long
before the time of the Reformation. He was a man
of no ordinary powers, and the story of his life is one
of varied incident. That story has been embellished,
too, in a remarkable way by the fancy of romancers,
who have drawn on their imagination to such an
extent, that two biographies might easily be written
one derived from authentic documents, giving the
genuine facts ; and the other altogether mythical and
quite irreconcilable with the former, but drawn from
published accounts, some of them contemporary or
nearly contemporary with the subject of the biography.
Thomas Lewis O'Beirne was born in the County
Longford, sometime about the end of the year 1747.
His parents are said to have been of the farming class,
and in humble circumstances. They were, however,
sufficiently well off to be able to dedicate two of their
sons to the Roman Catholic priesthood, so that we
may fairly conclude that the expression " humble
circumstances " must be taken in a comparative sense.
In those days, Roman Catholic priests were compelled
to seek their education abroad, and thereby to incur

BISHOP THOMAS LEWIS O BEIRNE III

an expense much greater than would be necessary at
the present day. 1 There were, no doubt, methods by
which young men of small means were enabled to earn
sufficient during their college career to pay for their
expenses, but none of these methods seem to have been
adopted by the brothers O'Beirne, and we may there-
fore conclude that their parents were sufficiently rich
to be able to pay for the education of their two sons
at the College of Saint Omer, in France.

While he was at this seminary, the health of Thomas
O'Beirne gave way, and he was ordered for a time to
the South of France. On his return he again fell ill,
and this time was sent back to his native country,
in hopes that rest and fresh air would restore him to
health again. It has been represented by some Roman
Catholic writers that he was on this occasion virtually
expelled. Cogan, in his Diocese of Meath, says,

O'Beirne, during his stay in the South of France, formed
very suspicious friendships, associated with very irregular
young men, most of whom were medical students, took to
reading bad books, then swarming and perverting the heart of
France, and returned to college at the expiration of his leave
of absence no longer the same in fact, an altered and
dissipated boy. Being attacked a second time with the same
complaint, he was again ordered out by the doctor ; but the
president of the college (Doctor Kelly) consented only on
condition that he would go home to Ireland, and on his return
bring a letter from his parish priest, certifying that his conduct
was correct, and that he frequented the sacraments regularly.

The only vestige of truth in this statement is the fact,
that if O'Beirne had returned, he would have been
expected to have brought with him a letter from his

1 Killeen (Ecclesiastical History of Ireland, vol. ii., p. 350) assumes wrongly
that O'Beirne was ordained before leaving Ireland, and suggests that he
supported himself while at St. Omer's College " by chaplaincies or foundations
for Masses," which he discharged ; adding, " Roman Catholic writers, who
now deny that O'Beirne was ordained a priest in this Church, have forgotten
this usage of the period."

112 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

parish priest. This was the usual custom, and there
was no reason for departing from it in O'Beirne's case.
How far the charge of dissipation and the rest is from
the real facts of the case may be judged by a perusal
of the following extract from a letter, written by Doctor
Plunket, afterwards Roman Catholic Bishop of Meath,
and at this time one of the chief professors in the
college. The letter, which was a long one, dealing
with a variety of subjects, and by no means a mere
letter of introduction, was entrusted to O'Beirne, on
his leaving Saint Omer's for the last time. In it
Doctor Plunket says :

The bearer, Mr. O'Beirne, is a young gentleman of this
house who returns to Ireland to recover his health by breathing
the native air for some time. His promising parts and amiable
qualities have made him dear to all the members of the society
in which he lived, and particularly to me. I love and esteem
him exceedingly. Every civility shown him I shall acknowledge
as conferred upon myself. As I am sure he would be glad to
be acquainted with Mr. Austin fa priest who at that time kept
a school in Dublin], I hope you will procure him that happiness
by introducing him. 2

Abandoning the slander of a partisan writer, and
taking as our authority the contemporary document,
we are justified in saying that he left Saint Omer's,
having gained the affection of his companions and the
approbation of his superiors. He, however, never
returned. We have no further information, beyond
the fact, that somewhat about this time he abandoned
the Church of Rome, and joined the Church of England.
He did not, however, relinquish the idea of taking
Holy Orders, and he, therefore, continued his studies,
only it was not at Saint Omer's, but at Trinity College,
Cambridge. Here he had for his tutor the Reverend
Doctor Watson, who afterwards became Bishop of

J Cogan, Diocese of Meath

BISHOP THOMAS LEWIS O*BEIRNE 113

Llandaff, and on the conclusion of his course he was
appointed to the college living of Grendon, in the
Diocese of Peterborough. He was accordingly ordained
Deacon by John, Lord Bishop of Peterborough, in
Trinity College, Cambridge, on Trinity Sunday, 1772,
and was made priest in the same college chapel on the
sixth of June in the following year. 3 His name appears
in the Marriage Register of Grendon Parish as the
officiating minister for the first time on November 2gth,
1772.4 Comparing these dates with that of Doctor
Plunket's valedictory letter given above (June 6th>
1768), we see that there elapsed just four years from
the time of his leaving finally the Roman Catholic
seminary and his ordination as a clergyman of the
Church of England.

He retained the vicarage of Grendon until 1776,
when he was appointed one of the chaplains of the
Fleet, and in that capacity sailed with Lord Howe to
America^ After his return, when the conduct of
Lord Howe was called in question, O'Beirne wrote a
vindication of his commander's action in a pamphlet,
entitled, A Candid and Impartial Narrative of the
Transactions of the Fleet under Lord Howe. By an
Officer then serving in the Fleet. While at New York
he preached a remarkable sermon in Saint Paul's
chapel, Trinity Parish, on the Sunday next following
the great fire, in which the parish church was destroyed.
This sermon attracted considerable attention at the
time, and served to bring the young ecclesiastic into
notice.

The " romancers " present this story somewhat
differently. They place the appointment to Grendon
at a much later period of his life, and they say that

3 Registry of the Diocese of Peterborough.

* Information kindly furnished by the Vicar of Grendon.

6 Dictionary of National Biography.

VOL. II. I

114 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

he went to America as Lord Portland's secretary,
when that nobleman was appointed Governor General
of Canada ; that on the voyage the chaplain of the
vessel died, and that O'Beirne was allowed to take
his place without question, or the production of any
credentials, it being assumed that he had received
Orders in the Church of Rome before he left that
community ; and that thus " O'Beirne imposed on the
duke, having represented himself as a priest returning
to take charge of a parish in his native diocese ; and
that in consequence he received no Orders in the
Protestant Church." This action of his on board the
fleet is said to have been his " first formal act of
apostacy." 6 All this is simply a tissue of falsehoods,
invented by those whose aim was to cast discredit
on one who had left their communion. The Duke of
Portland was never Governor of Canada, and O'Beirne
never sailed with him as secretary. Before he crossed
the Atlantic he had been already ordained in the English
Church, and had held an ecclesiastical appointment
given him by the college in which he had pursued his
studies. In every one of its particulars, therefore, the
story is not only false, but badly invented and
impossible.

In O'Beirne's lifetime these stories had already been
set on foot. Many in his own church believed that he
had Roman Orders, and on the other hand, many
Roman Catholics denied that he was ever ordained,
and spoke of him as " the mitred layman." The matter
was referred to in Parliament in 1825, that is to say,
about two years after the bishop's death. On the
sixth of May in that year, the " Roman Catholic Relief
Bill " was under consideration, and an amendment
was proposed by Mr. Brougham, regulating the appoint-

Cogan, Diocese of Meath, vol. ii., p. 1 86.

BISHOP THOMAS LEWIS O'BEIRNE 1 15

ment of men who were in Roman Catholic Orders to
positions in the English Church. In his speech on that
occasion he gave as one of his arguments, that a man,
ordained as a Roman Catholic priest, might obtain
preferment, and even become a bishop, without any
Anglican ordination, which he seemed to think was
necessary ; and to show that this was not an imaginary
case, he cited the instance, that " Doctor O'Beirne,
the late Protestant Bishop of Meath, was originally
ordained a priest by the Pope of Rome. He was then
a Catholic, but afterwards, becoming a Protestant,
he was made bishop without any further ordination." 7
A few days later (May loth), Mr. Secretary Peel
referred to this assertion made by Mr. Brougham,
and stated that he had a letter from Bishop O'Beirne's
widow, and that " that lady desired him to state
distinctly in answer to the observations in question,
that the bishop, her late husband, never was an ordained
priest of the Church of Rome. He had been brought
up as a Roman Catholic, and so continued until he was
about twenty years of age, when, seeing reason to
enter the Protestant church, he went to Cambridge.
At that university, Doctor Watson was his tutor, and
he was ordained for the first time as a deacon of the
Protestant Established Church, and some little time
subsequently a minister of the Church of England."
Mr. Brougham thereupon replied that, " it had been
understood that the bishop had in the early part of his
life received Orders from the Pope, which had been
afterwards repealed. ... If Bishop O'Beirne had not
received Popish ordination, it was singular that this
should be so generally credited. He (Mr. B.) in saying

7 Hansard. Killeen quotes this entry in Hansard, but makes no mention
of the contradiction, which Hansard also publishes. He gives his reference to
Hansard,but evidently took the quotation second-hand from The Sham Squire,
in which the same omission occurs.

Il6 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

so, only said what was generally understood. His
friends denied it, and he was himself satisfied. It was
probable the mistake might have arisen from the
brother of Bishop O'Beirne having been a Catholic
priest." 8 This somewhat halting and ungracious
acceptance of the word of Mrs. O'Beirne shows what
wide currency the story had obtained ; but it will be
noted that her account exactly agrees with that given
above, which was derived independently from
authentic documentary evidence.

In 1776, the year in which he sailed to America,
he published a poem on " The Crucifixion," which
seems to have been admired. It does not appear that
a copy is preserved either in the library of Trinity
College, Dublin, or in the National Library. On his
return from the west he was instituted (5th November,
1779) to the crown living of West Deeping, in the
Diocese of Lincoln. There is some doubt as to whether
he actually took up residence there. The present
rector of that parish informs me that the Reverend
White Bates was curate from 1745 to 1815, thus
covering the time of O'Beirne's incumbency ; and that
during all that time " no rector ever took a marriage
or baptism or burial at least there is no signature of
any in the registers."

O'Beirne at this time took to literature, and gained
some applause as a political writer. A series of
articles which he contributed to a newspaper, under
nom-de-plume of " A Country Gentleman," attacking
the administration of Lord North, is said to have had
considerable influence in bringing about the downfall
of the ministry headed by that nobleman. He moved
now in literary circles, and " bore an active and
respectable part in the polite literature of his day.

Hansard.

BISHOP THOMAS LEWIS O BEIRNE

Amongst the scholars of his day there was a constant
fire of jeu d'esprits, ballads, epigrams, imitations of
Horace, and copies of verse, kept up by Bushe, Ogle,
Langrishe, Ned Lysaght, and the wits of their day.
Among these O'Beirne was not the least. He was a fine
Latinist, and a copy of verses in that language, written
by him, is among the best on the death of Burke we can
recollect. It was no less beautiful in an English dress
from the hand of Bush." 9

Among other productions from his pen at this time,
was a comedy entitled, " The Generous Impostor,"
adapted from Destouches' play, " The Dissapateur."
The Duchess of Devonshire collaborated with him
in the composition, and it was produced at Drury Lane
Theatre in 1780, and was printed in the following
year.

In 1782 Lord Portland was appointed to the Vice-
royalty of Ireland, and O'Beirne returned to his native
country as his secretary and chaplain. He had not
been many weeks in Ireland before he had an interview
with his former teacher, Doctor Plunket, who had in
the meantime become Roman Catholic Bishop of
Meath. It would be interesting to know what was the
subject that they discussed. Possibly it had some
connection with the " Roman Catholic Bill," just passed
into law, which repealed some of the more irritating
portions of the penal code. Possibly the interview was
of a more private character, and concerned matters
of conscience and faith. Unfortunately the only
information that we have consists of two entries in
Bishop Plunket's Diary. Under the date June 8th,
1782, we have, " I had an interview this day with Rev.
Mr. O'Beirne, secretary to his Grace the Duke of
Portland." This is followed by another entry, under

9 Will's Lives of Illustrious Irishmen.

Il8 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

the date June i8th, " I wrote this day to Rev. Mr.
O'Beirne, at Dublin Castle."

In after years, when O'Beirne had become Bishop
of Meath, and had taken up his residence at Ardbraccan,
the two prelates became neighbours, and it is said that
they occasionally met, and that they lived on more
or less friendly terms with one another. This is the
tradition of the country. It is partly corroborated,
and perhaps partly contradicted, by the following
letters, which are the only documentary evidence that
we possess. The first is from Bishop O'Beirne to
Bishop Plunket :

Ardbraccan House,
January nth, 1806.

MY DEAR SIR,

In the 32nd page of this Sermon there is an expression or
two that you may interpret into something unpleasant to your
feelings, but I hope that with some things in which we both
may differ from each other, we shall ever indulge mutual charity;
and I request you to accept this copy of my Sermon on the
Thanksgiving Day as a testimony of that affectionate attach-
ment which, as it began in early life, no circumstance is ever
likely to affect or weaken, notwithstanding the different
situations into which we have been thrown. In one thing I am
persuaded we shall never differ, the earnest desire of inculcating
the superintending providence of God, of promoting Christian
morals, and encouraging a disposition of peace and submission
to the laws in this distracted country.

I am, my dear Sir,

With every sincere attachment and respect,
Your very faithful humble Servant,

T. L. MEATH. o

The sermon to which reference is made was preached
in Kells Church on the Thanksgiving Day for the battle

10 Cogan.

BISHOP THOMAS LEWIS o'BEIRNE

of Trafalgar. A hundred years later, when the
centenary of that Thanksgiving Day was celebrated,
the sermon was again repeated in Kells Church, before
the bishop of the diocese and a large and deeply
interested congregation. The passage to which
reference is made in the bishop's letter is as follows :

The contrary experiment has been made for us. A nation
has tried what it is to be without religion, without morals,
without a God in this world. The result has been that the most
signalized of these desperate experimentalists, JI the favourite
champion of infidelity and all its train of abominations, was
the first to overturn its polluted altars, to abolish its impure
rites. He has since changed his ground, but he has preserved
a consistency of character. From the extreme of irreligion,
he has passed to the extreme of superstition (extremes that
invariably meet), and he exhibits to the world a mockery of
religion ; a display of theatrical rites, blasphemously engrafted
on the awful ceremonies of our religion ; a spurious mixture
of discordant morals, neither heathen nor Christian, which
every sect and denomination who profess the Gospel agree to
reprobate. If we have been preserved from this innovating
spirit, if we have checked the inroads of infidelity, and the
religion established among us be yet untainted by the super-
stition that surrounds us, let us show our gratitude in the only
way that promises to secure these inestimable blessings to us
and to our children. The religion we profess is pure in faith,
it must be equally pure in practice. I *

Bishop Plunket replied to O'Beirne's letter as
follows :

Navan,

yd of March, 1806.
MY LORD,

Unavoidable avocations and excursions have, until this
morning, prevented me from acknowledging the receipt of
your friendly letter, and a copy of your Thanksgiving Sermon,
handed to me by the Rev. Mr. Butler. This, coming from your
Lordship, as a " testimony of affectionate attachment," I accept

11 Napoleon Buonaparte. 1J Sermons by Bishop O'Beirnc.

120 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

with thanks. I have perused it. When I say that I admire
many fine passages, the offspring of a lively bright imagination
and of a cultivated mind, deeply impressed with a sense of the
awful dispensations of the providence of God, your Lordship,
I am sure, does not expect I should admire the whole 32nd
page. It is not that any expressions it contains affect me
personally. No. To be candid, my Lord, I assure you, I
cannot without smiling read assertions that impute " super-
stition " to the religion of Bourdaloue, Flechier, Massillon,
Bossuet, Fenelon. But the numerous body of people with
whom I have the honour to be peculiarly connected read with
other dispositions. They consider such expressions as un-
provoked abuse. In vain would I attempt to reconcile them
to it by alleging custom, almost constant custom ; much less
could I pretend to convince them that unprovoked abuse is
calculated to heal the bleeding wounds of our distracted country,
to promote concord, to answer any one Christian or social
purpose. The man who stands in my place is not free to dis-
regard the feelings of his flock. Hence I am placed with respect
to your Lordship in a singular predicament a predicament
which casts a gloom upon and thwarts the intercourse I should
wish to maintain. My own occasional feelings I can command,
or even sacrifice, if necessary, to ancient friendship, and to the
remembrance of former times. We differ in some things from
each other ; but this difference, how great soever, shall not
extinguish a single spark of charity in my breast prevent on
my part the discharge of the slightest obligation which this
first of all i:he virtues prescribes. The great duties to which
your Lordship alludes, and in which we perfectly agree, have
employed no small portion of my time these six and twenty
years past. The decline of life and the near approach of eternity
will not lessen their importance in my mind, nor, I hope,
diminish the attention they claim.

With sentiments of respectful and affectionate attachment,

I am, my Lord,
Your Lordship's obedient and humble Servant,

Ifc P. J. PLUNKETT. '3

As far as authentic evidence goes, O'Beirne's first
connection with the Duke of Portland was when
he accompanied him to Ireland as chaplain in 1782.

1J Cogan.

BISHOP THOMAS LEWIS O BEIRNE 121

There is, however, a story, which has found its way
into some historical works, which tells of a previous
introduction to the duke, in an accidental way, at a
country inn. It is said that O'Beirne was returning
to Saint Omer's College, and that on his way he arrived
at a village in England where the whole stock of
provisions that the hotel possessed was a small shoulder
of mutton. He ordered this to be cooked for his
dinner, but while it was in process of preparation, two
other travellers arrived, and as they also wanted
something to eat, it was after some discussion agreed
that they should be O'Beirne's guests, and that all
together should partake of the mutton. The travellers
turned out to be Charles Fox and the Duke of Portland,
and they were so charmed with the young man's
conversation that the duke invited O'Beirne to visit
him in London, which he did, and thus laid the
foundation for all his future fortune. 1 4

No two writers agree altogether in the details of
this story. The scene is laid by some in Wales, and
according to them O'Beirne was not on his way to
France, but was going to London in search of literary
employment. The incident of the shoulder of mutton,
too, is sometimes suppressed, and instead of it, we are
told that Portland and Fox were conversing in French,
and that O'Beirne told them that if they had any
secrets to speak about, it was well that they should
know that he understood that language perfectly.^
It is evident from these variations that the story only
represents the current gossip of, the time, which each

14 Croly, Life and Times of George IV., published in 1830.

15 Letter from Mr. Wm. Forde given by Fitzpatrick in The Sham Squire.
Mr. Forde added in a postscript, "I knew Doctor O'15eirne. He was in his
manner a perfect and accomplished gentleman. He was an admirable writer.
I have seen some of his pamphlets. The late Doctor Pluiiket, Bishop of Meath,
was Professor in the Irish College when Doctor O'Beirne was a student in it,
and as they lived within two miles of each other, the usual courtesies of life
were observed between the rival prelates. The professor outlived the pupil
several years. Bishop O'Beirne died in 1822."

122 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

succeeding narrator embellished according to his fancy.
We cannot disprove it, as in the case of the other stories.
All that we can say is, that it is highly improbable.
It is more likely either that O'Beirne was brought under
Portland's notice by Lord Howe, or that his political
writings, which attracted considerable attention at the
time, caused him to be chosen as secretary by the
newly appointed Lord Lieutenant.

Lord Portland's viceroyalty lasted only a short
time, and on his return to England O'Beirne also left
Ireland, and was appointed to a crown living in England.
The next year, 1783, he took the degree of S.T.B. at
Cambridge, and later on in the same year he married
at Saint Margaret's, Westminster, Jane, the only
surviving child of the Honourable Francis Stuart,
third son of the seventh Earl of Moray. He had one
son and two daughters, all of whom died unmarried.

There is still another story apocryphal like the
rest which refers to this period of O'Beirne' s life.
In 1785 the Prince of Wales, afterwards King George
IV., was married privately to Mrs. Fitzherbert, and it
is confidently asserted that it was O'Beirne who
officiated on that occasion. There is no documentary
evidence, for in the certificate of marriage the name
of the officiating clergyman is carefully cut out
presumably by Mrs. Fitzherbert herself. This story
seems to have arisen in connection with the supposition
that O'Beirne had received ordination in the Roman
Catholic Church. It was assumed that Mrs.
Fitzherbert, being a Roman Catholic, would have been
disposed to secure the services of a clergyman whose
Orders were, according to her ideas, valid. But
there seem to have been no other grounds to go
upon, and the whole thing is a matter of conjecture.
Sir William Cope, who seems to have been particularly

BISHOP THOMAS LEWIS O'BEIRNE 123

well informed on the subject, gave it as his opinion
that O'Beirne " never could have married George IV.
to Mrs. Fitzherbert." *

O'Beirne came to Ireland once more in 1791, when
he was appointed Rector of Templemichael, in which
parish the town of Longford is situated. This was
his native county, and it is even said that his brother
was Roman Catholic priest of the parish during the
time that he held the incumbency.

On the appointment of Lord Fitzwilliam to the
viceroyalty in 1795, O'Beirne once more became
secretary and first chaplain to the Lord Lieutenant,
and almost immediately afterwards he was promoted
to the bishopric of Ossory, from which he was translated
in 1798 to the bishopric of Meath. At the same time
he was appointed a member of the Privy Council. He
now devoted himself to the affairs of our diocese with
wonderful energy and conspicuous success. He did not,
however, give up politics altogether. He became a
strong advocate for the Union, and when a petition
was presented from residents in the County Meath
who objected to that measure, he drew up a " Protest,"
which was signed by many owners of property in the
district, and was specially commended by the bishop
to his clergy, because " they above all others, are
interested in the success of the measure." It is at
once an able and temperate exposition of the reasons
which led O'Beirne and many others at that time to
wish that the union of the two countries should be
accomplished. It is as follows :

We, the undersigned Noblemen, Clergy, Gentlemen, Free-
holders, and Inhabitants of the County Meath, having
thoroughly considered the purport of certain resolutions
published in the newspapers, and assuming to be the sense of
the County on the proposal of a Legislative Union with Great

18 Fitzpatrick, Sham Squire, second edition.

124 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

Britain, feel it a justice we owe ourselves to protest against
such assumption, and to claim a right of expressing our own
judgment on a measure that so materially affects our general
and individual interests.

We cannot contemplate the various disasters and calamities
that have so uniformly succeeded each other, for such a series
of years, in this distracted country, without being impressed
with a conviction that something is essentially and radically
defective in our political system, and that some more effectual
measures must be resorted to than have been hitherto provided,
to remedy the evils to which the public state is so constantly
exposed.

In the proposal of a Legislative Union, as promising to be
conducive to this happy end, we see nothing to alarm us for our
independence or our interests ; nor can we comprehend how
such a measure can be either injurious or degrading to either
of the coalescing parties, while the terms, both as to constitution
and commerce, are to be discussed and settled by each nation
exercising its own independent powers of deliberation and
decision.

We agree with some of the best and wisest men in both
kingdoms in conceiving the strongest hopes that a Union se
attained would remove every cause of distrust and jealousy
between the two countries ; that it would consolidate the power
and resources of the empire, and preclude the common enemy
from all hope of converting our divisions into an instrument
of separation ; that it would open a prospect of composing those
religious dissensions to which we can trace so much of the
public misery ; and that it would introduce among our people
English capital, English manufacture, English industry, habits
and manners.

Under these impressions, we trust that, whenever his
Majesty shall, in his wisdom, think proper to communicate
to our legislature the result of the enlightened and temperate
deliberations of the Lords and Commons of Great Britain on
this momentous question, it will be received with the attention
that is due to the common sovereign, and to the Parliament of a
country with which we wish to be for ever united in affections
and interests; and we expect that, in giving it a full and dis-
passionate discussion, our representatives will manifest to both
kingdoms that they have nothing in view but the peace and
prosperity of Ireland, as essentially inseparable from the peace
and prosperity of the empire. 1 ?

17 Memoirs of Lord Castlerea*ti.

BISHOP THOMAS LEWIS O'BEIRNE 125

Bishop O'Beirne also drew up a memorandum,
which he presented to Lord Castlereagh, on the special
subject of the union of the two Churches. His argument
is that " the maxim laid down by Archdeacon Paley
has been greedily adopted and zealously inculcated
in this kingdom by all the sectaries, but particularly
by the Roman Catholics. The established religion
ought to be that which prevails among the majority
of the people ; the faith of the nation ought to be
consulted, and not that of the magistrate." 18 He shows
that as long as the Church of Ireland remains distinct
this maxim will keep alive the expectation of our
adversaries, " but let the distinction cease, and the
Church of England be the only church of the empire
let this be done, and Paley 's maxim, whatever the
intrinsic weight it possess may be, will cease to apply."
He anticipates considerable opposition from some of
his brother bishops. " The present primate," he says,
" as well in temper and manners as in many points of
learning, may well rank with Primate Ussher. But
the bench is not without some of a different description
violent, impracticable, condemning and opposing
whatever does not originate from themselves, and not
likely to brook any appearance of subordination to the
See of Canterbury, which would be necessary to this
plan." All this is a bygone controversy now, but it is
at least interesting to know what were the anticipations
of those who advocated that important measure.

Another subject in which he took a very great
interest was the establishment of the Roman Catholic
College at Maynooth. He was strongly in favour of
that institution, for, he urges, " if the Roman Catholic
clergy must go for their education to countries hostile
to England, they will imbibe those civil prejudices,

lf< Memoir and Correspondence of Viscount Castlereagh.

126 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

and that spirit of hatred and resentment, of which
France and Spain have uniformly availed themselves,
ever since the period of the Reformation, to raise up a
party for themselves, and to excite domestic distur-
bances in Ireland." He says that " one of the great
objects of the institution was to bring the education
of the Roman Catholic clergy, on whom the morals and
conduct of the Roman Catholic body so exclusively
depend, into contact with the government, and to
subject them, as far as might be, without outraging
their religious prejudices, under its control." A
certain number of the Board of Trustees of Maynooth
were at that time Protestants, and O'Beirne proposes
that the number should be increased. "At all events,
he says, " I hope and trust that the majority of the
visitors will be Protestants, and that the Archbishop
of Dublin, as Metropolitan of the Province, and
the Bishop of Kildare, as Diocesan, will be of the
number. I should also hope that, to connect the
institution in some way with the University of
Dublin, the provost would be a visitor, and some of its
professors or fellows acting trustees. . . . The present
prejudices of the Popish bishops may repugn at this
introduction of Protestant prelates, but if the govern-
ment is firm in requiring it, they will give way." >9 He
thinks that by this method it might be possible to
establish a certain amount of independence in the
Irish Roman Catholic Church, and that, as most of the
Popish bishops and the president of the college have
been educated in France, " they will have the less
objection to make the immunities of the Gallican
Church, and the boundaries which it established between
the spiritual and temporal power, and against the
encroachments of the See of Rome, the basis of their

19 Castlereagh, Correspondence.

BISHOP THOMAS LEWIS o'BEIRNE 127

National Church in Ireland." The good bishop lived
long enough afterwards to learn that most of these
his anticipations were doomed to disappointment.

Bishop O'Beirne's work in the Diocese of Meath will
be treated in another chapter. A few words may be
added here on his ability as a preacher. On this
subject we cannot do better than quote from one who
actually heard him. In one of Mrs. Piozzi's letters to
a friend, she says, " Give me a hint, dear sir, a taste
merely, of that stream of calumny, which, according
to the Bishop of Meath, rolls down the streets of our
favourite towns, taking a little fresh venom at every
house it passes." She refers to a sermon preached
by the bishop at Bath, and concerning it the compiler
of " Piozziana " gives the following note :

The Bishop of Meath mentioned by Mrs. Piozzi was O'Beirne,
who has been some years dead. I heard the sermon in which
he introduced the above-quoted passage on calumny. The
figure of the stream is a happy one, but only of a piece with all
his fine pulpit essays. His composition was invariably a rich
specimen of the calm and correct in writing. His style, without
being in the slightest degree gorgeous, was never less than
elegant ; his metaphors were never broken nor misapplied ;
every word seemed to drop from his pen precisely in its proper
place ; and although each paragraph was as finished in itself
as it could be, he had scarcely an auditor in what is termed a
refined congregation who might not have imagined that he
could have written exactly as the bishop wrote. To this
style his manner was admirably suited. In his action and
emphasis he was never theatrical nor ever tame, but from
first to last abounded in gentle earnestness. The whole
discourse was in truth so engaging, and so full of charms, that
people used constantly to say what a pity it was that he made
his sermons so short, whereas in fact, he never preached for
less than half an hour at a time. This feeling on the part of his
hearers was universal, and no doubt a high compliment to
his powers. The effect of what he delivered, particularly
during his latter years, was heightened by his appearance.
He wore not a little greyish-blue wig, as English prelates do,

128 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

but long flowing snow-white locks, and had a face like Sterne's
monk, mild, pale, and penetrating, with a small sparkling eye,
as keen as a viper's, while his voice one of exquisite modulation
did all that loudness and vehemence could have done,
without ever sounding as if raised to its utmost. He was
altogether a man of first rate natural talents.

Quite a number of the bishop's sermons have been
published, and they fully bear out the high praise which
is here given. The following list of his works is taken
principally from Cotton's Fasti.

A pamphlet, entitled " The Gleam of Comfort."

" The Crucifixion," a Poem, 4to, 1776.

" The Generous Impostor," a Comedy, 8vo, 1780.

A series of Essays (in a newspaper), under the signature of
" A Country Gentleman," 1780.

" A Short History of the Last Session of Parliament."
(Anonymous).

" Considerations on the Late Disturbances," by a Consistent
Whig, 8vo, 1781.

" Considerations on the Principles of Naval Discipline and
Courts Martial," 8vo, 1781.

A " Fast " Sermon, Dublin, 1794.

Three Charges delivered to his Clergy, in 1795, 1796, and
1797. 4to, Dublin. (These Charges were delivered while he
was Bishop of Ossory. They deal largely with the subject of
non-residence.)

A Circular Letter to the Clergy of the Diocese of Ossory, 4to,
1797.

The foregoing Charges and Letter, with four Occasional
Sermons, printed together, 8vo, 1799.

" A Candid and Impartial Narrative of the Transactions
of the Fleet, under Lord Howe." By an Officer then serving
in the Fleet, 1799. (This was a vindication of the conduct
of Lord Howe, published seemingly on the death of that
nobleman.)

" A Sermon before the Society for Promoting Christian
Knowledge," 4to, 1801.

" The Ways of God to be Vindicated only by the Word of
God," a Sermon. 8vo, 1804.

" A Charge to the Clergy of the Diocese of Meath," 8vo,
1805.

BISHOP THOMAS LEWIS O BEIRNE I2Q

" A Letter to Dr. Troy, on the Coronation of Bonaparte,"
by Melancthon.

" The Wisdom and Justice of Ascribing to the Hand of
God every event of Great Moment and Utility to Mankind,"
a Sermon preached on the Day of General Thanksgiving for
the Victory of Trafalgar.

" A Letter from an Irish Dignitary to an English Clergyman,
on the Subject of Tithes in Ireland." (Anonymous), 1807,
reprinted 1822,

A Sermon at the Magdalen Asylum, Dublin, 8vo, 1807.

A Letter to the Earl of Fingall. (Anonymous). 8vo, Dublin,
1813.

" Christian Worship," a Sermon. 8vo, Bath, 1819.

" Sermons on Important Subjects," 2 vols, 8vo.

" Circular Letter to the Rural Deans of the Diocese of
Meath," 1821.

VOL. II. K

CHAPTER XXXIV.
MEATH IN 1799.

WHEN Bishop O'Beirne came into possession of the See
of Meath, his first care was to ascertain exactly the state
of the diocese. He manifestly had ideas as to the duties
and powers of a bishop very different from those
which had long obtained in the Church of Ireland.
To his mind the Bishop was a real overseer and ruler,
and his duty was to see that every one of his sub-
ordinates performed faithfully the cure of souls to
which he had been appointed. He accordingly without
delay issued a paper of queries, which was sent to
each clergyman in the diocese, asking for information
as to the services held in the several churches, the state
of the church fabrics, the provision made for education,
and a variety of other topics. The replies given to
these queries have been preserved, and a copy of them,
bound together in one volume, is to be found in the
Library of Trinity College, Dublin. The Record Office
also preserves two manuscripts, one containing the
bishop's comments on these replies, and the other,
the directions given by him in each case to the clergy
at the subsequent visitation. The three documents
taken together give us very complete information
as to the state of the Church in Meath at the beginning
of the nineteenth century. It is from these, for the
most part, that the present chapter has been compiled.
The first point, which comes out very strongly
indeed, was the alarming prevalence of pluralities and

MEATH IN 1799 131

non-residence. We have seen that these two evils
had clung to the Church through all its history from the
time of the Anglo-Norman invasion. It was never
more rife than at this time. There was scarcely an
important parish in Meath the incumbent of which
did not possess another parish in a different diocese.
Some of these lived in Meath, and were non-resident
elsewhere. Others served their Meath charge by
means of a curate. Others, again, wholly neglected
their duty, and left their people without any spiritual
provision. The Rector of Kells, for example, had a
parish also in Ossory. The Incumbent of Navan lived
in the Diocese of Armagh, and had a parish there.
The incumbents of Athboy, Donaghpatrick, and Slane
were all beneficed in Dublin ; and so on, throughout
the whole of the diocese. Besides these, there were
some who resided in England or elsewhere, drawing
their stipends from Meath, and performing their duty
either by deputy or not at all.

This was a subject on which O'Beirne felt strongly.
He referred to it in his Primary Charge, delivered
in the Diocese of Ossory, and said that a man who
absented himself from his parish, even when it was
one without church or glebe-house, was " violating
all that he owed to the redeemed of Christ, whom he
engaged to instruct and to comfort, and forgetful
of that awful Name by which he had sworn, abandoned
his charge, leaving them to whatever casual instruction
they could gather from others, to pick up the word
by the wayside ; to beg even for Baptism for their
children from some charitable hand, often from
ministers of another faith, while he, standing on the
mere privilege of an accommodating conscience, set
every other consideration at defiance."

He returned to this subject again ^shortly after his

132 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

appointment to Meath. Writing to Lord Castlereagh,
on the 23rd of July, 1800, he says, ' The radical evil
of the Church of England, and what has ever since the
Reformation opposed its extension, is that the
parochial clergy are generally non-resident ; nor can
the government ever advance the salutary purpose
for which a parochial clergy is appointed so effectually,
as by enabling the bishops to remove this great abuse."

His efforts at enforcing residence met with con-
siderable opposition from the parties interested, and
his success at first was small, on account of the im-
perfection of the law ; the higher courts in several
cases having reversed the decisions by which he had
enforced this duty. In 1807 he presented a report to the
government, and in it we find that out of the ninety-
two benefices in Meath at that time, only forty-five
had resident incumbents, while forty-seven that is,
more than half were non-resident. He adds the
note : ' There are at present instances in this diocese
of great encouragement to refractoriness in this
essential point of discipline, taken from some late
decisions of the Court of Delegates, to which there lies
an appeal from the sentence of the Consist orial Court." l

The difficulties which were thus presented did not
deter the bishop from pursuing his purpose. As
the law was shown to be ineffectual, he strenuously
urged the necessity for new legislation, and with some
success, for shortly after this an Act was passed by
Parliament for enforcing residence, which to some
extent remedied the evil. By the year 1820 the number
of non-resident incumbents in Meath was reduced to
twenty-two, some of whom held sinecure parishes.
At the same time the residents had increased to seventy-
nine, the number of benefices having increased in the

1 Papers relating to the Established Church in Ireland, 1807 (Blue Book).

MEATH IN 1799 133

meantime to one hundred and one. The bishop,
however, was not satisfied with the way in which the
reform had been carried out. He would have preferred
a more ecclesiastical method of enforcing discipline,
and was in this respect a precursor of those who in the
present day resent the interference of the Privy Council
in Church matters. " The powers vested by the canon
law," he says, " and the primitive discipline of the
Church, in the archbishops and bishops, to enforce
residence, when duly exercised, and no longer checked
by appeals to a Court of Delegates, constituted as
of late years it has been in Ireland, would have been
amply sufficient to remedy the abuses arising from
non-residence ; and that the several archbishops
and bishops would have duly availed themselves of
these powers, and faithfully exercised them whenever
the circumstances of the several parishes in their
dioceses would admit, must appear evident from
the zeal and assiduity with which they have exercised
the new powers vested in them by the Act passed in
the 48th of the King, for enforcing residence of
spiritual persons on their benefices in Ireland. In
carrying the provisions of this Act into practice, it
has been seen how ineffectual all substitutions for the
operation and influence of the primitive discipline
of the Church must prove, and that when, in the place
of the obligations to canonical obedience and a
professional feeling, a clergy are required to look for
the great rule of their conduct in the discharge of their
spiritual duties to the enactments of Parliamentary
statutes and the mere letter of the law, there can be
but little hope of forming an exemplary and useful
parochial ministry. There is no way of evading the
regulations of such statutes, and of the temporal
penalties that they provide, of which they will not

134 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

avail themselves. In this act, the time between serving
the first monition to reside and the order for sequestering
the profits of the benefice in case of non-compliance
with the monition, leaves so many chances of defeating
the wishes of the bishop, that neither that nor the
immediate monitions produce any effect ; and when,
to avoid the consequences of the order of sequestration,
the person returns himself resident, there are instances
in which, to evade the penalties of the third section,
he contents himself with appearing in his benefice
one day in every week. But the period of three years
that must intervene before he can be deprived of his
benefice affords a still greater encouragement to him
to disregard all proceedings against him, when he
has other sources to depend on besides the profit of
his benefice. To have any prospect of rendering the
Act effectual, the order of sequestration should issue
in one month after serving the monition in case of
non-compliance, and deprivation should follow a non-
compliance of twelve months." 2

It will be seen from these extracts that the bishop
had no easy task before him when he undertook the
reorganization of the See of Meath. In the replies
to his questions, several of the clergy try to excuse
their non-residence. Some throw the blame on the
late rebellion. The Vicar of Athboy, for example,
says : " It is not quite two years since I got this parish.
As soon as I could hire a house I came to reside. This
was at the eve of the rebellion. Upon the breaking
out of the rebellion most of the Protestant families fled.
I did so too. The illness and death of a near relative
obliged me to be absent for a considerable time this
summer, but I purpose carrying your lordship's
intentions into execution, and discharging my own

* Papers relating to the State of the Church of Ireland, 1820 (Blue Book).

MEATH IN 1799 135

duty." He does not explain, however, how he is going
to do this, and at the same time fulfil his duty as vicar
choral of Saint Patrick's Cathedral in Dublin, which
office he held at the same time.

The incumbent of Rathmolyon gives his excuses
very concisely. " Incumbent does not reside at
present. Reasons are : advanced age, very infirm
health, perturbate be times, lonely situation of the
glebe-house, unspeakable terrors of the female part
of incumbent's family." The parson of Agher is more
diffuse. He says, " I have served my cure in person
previous to the rebellion, which occasioned me to keep
a curate, whose situation, having a house in a town,
made it safer for him than me to attend, whose house
being remote from a town was unsafe to inhabit from
the two attacks made on it, though providentially
repelled. I did not think it prudent to run the risque
of a third, and therefore followed with my family the
Wicklow regiment through their several routes. I am
sorry to be obliged to answer another question of the
No. ii (as to residence), which necessarily involves me
in the same predicament Saint Paul was in, namely,
self-condemnation. I never had any sick and dying
poor person in any place that I did not first con-
scientiously discharge the duties of my function, and
next enquired into their several necessities, whether of
medicine, wine, bread, or meat, which I immediately
relieved as far as I was able, and often raised con-
tributions that effectually relieved the parties after."

Excuses like these were not always accepted by the
bishop. The following is the account of himself given
by the Incumbent of Rathconrath : "I have two very
small parishes, one of the Rectory and Vicarage of
Rathconrath, which, although containing above 4,000
acres, yet the country has ever been so lawless, scarce

136 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

any tithe could be got in the year 1775. I served
the cure of Almoritia immediately adjoining Rath-
conrath, for in that parish there is no church nor
Protestant inhabitant, viz., Rathconrath. I resided
there not many months till my cattle were houghed,
and many threatening letters sent to me, and billets
stuck, intimating that if I ever attempted claiming any
tithes I should have the fate of my cattle. Whereupon
I fled to Dublin, and in the following year, with the
consent of their Graces the Lord Primate and the
Archbishop of Dublin, and their Lordships the Bishops
of Meath and Kildare, I solicited and obtained the
chaplaincy of the Lying-in Hospital." The bishop was
quite unmoved by this sorrowful tale, and administered
a sharp rebuke. His note is : "Mr. Ould to be
particularly cited to account for his abandoning this
parish in the manner he has done, and injuring it
as well in its spirituals as temporals."

In some cases, the clergy tried to hide from the
bishop the fact that they were non-resident. Of the
Rector of Rat oath he writes : " His manner of
answering my query respecting his terrier deserves
animadversion, as does indeed the whole style of his
answers, and particularly his asserting that he performs
occasional duty, and concealing from me that he was
residing in England." And concerning Ballyboy, he
writes : " What does Mr. Kimmis mean by saying
that he generally resides in his glebe house ? He must
have a resident curate for each church, unless he
chooses to do the duty of one of them constantly
in a constant residence, and not occasionally, as he
now appears to do."

These are just a few typical examples of the
difficulties with which the bishop had to deal in this
matter of non-residence. The abuse was of long

MEATH IN 1799 137

standing, and required a strong hand to deal with it.
We can only wonder that in the end O'Beirne was so
successful in bringing about a better order of things.

In most cases of non-residence a curate of one kind
or another was provided. Several of them appear to
have been not very efficient, but of course it is to be
remembered that in an account like this, it is the
less efficient ones that mostly come under notice, and
that the great majority of them must have done their
duty faithfully and well. Their lot was not very
happy, and they were looked down upon by their
rectors in a way that would not be tolerated for a
moment in these days. The following extracts will
show the somewhat contemptuous way in which they
were regarded by the beneficed clergy, and may perhaps
give some idea of the unpleasant position in which they
were placed.

The Vicar of Galtrim writes : " The vicar serves
his cure in person. He found a licensed curate, and
keeps him, to the great satisfaction of the parishioners,
the curacy being to him, poor man, a great object."
In much the same strain the Incumbent of Clongill
tells the bishop : "I do attend myself, and also have
a curate, who is not licensed. My reason for keeping
him, is that the late Bishop of Meath desired I should
do so till he could procure some other situation for him
as he (Mr. Garnett) was a worthy attentive man, and
had been at much expenes in settling himself as
conveniently as possible to the parish."

The tragic story of the Curate of Tara is told in
few words by the incumbent. He says : " My health
does not permit me to serve the cure in person, but
the duty was faithfully and conscientiously discharged,
to the entire satisfaction of the parishioners, by the
Reverend Mr. Nelson, who was murdered in his own

138 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

house last summer at noon day by the rebels. Since
his death the duty is performed by Mr. Ingham, who
lives within a short distance of the church, till your
Lordship shall be pleased to grant a licence to the Rev.
Mr. Woods, who has my nominations." The vicar
seems quite satisfied with himself and with the way
in which the duty of the parish was performed. The
bishop, however, took quite another view, and cited
him to the adjourned visitation, admonishing him to
provide immediately resident curates for both his
churches. In this case the vicar proved refractory, and
eventually the bishop had to take measures for his
deprivation.

The Incumbent of Wherry has a complaint against
one of his curates. He says : "My curate, Mr. Maxwell,
discharges his duty to the great satisfaction of his
parishioners and most unwearied diligence. My other
curate, Mr. Hamilton, is quite of a different character,
not liked by the parish, and does not pay such attention.
He is licensed, so I can't dismiss him. I take care to
have the duty well attended, and I hope at your
Lordship's visitation to get you to remove Mr.
Hamilton." He did not find the bishop as ready to
fall in with his ideas as he expected. The incumbent
held also the parish of Belturbet in the Diocese of
Kilmore, where he sometimes resided, but he spent
most of his time in England. This method of ful-
filling his duty did not commend itself to the diocesan
and accordingly, he makes the note : "To take any
legal steps to deprive Doctor Maxwell (the incumbent),
unless he comes from England to reside." He takes
no notice of the complaint against the curate.

In other cases, the incumbent seems to have known
little, and probably cared less, about the character of
the curate who performed for him the duties of his

MEATH IN 1799 139

office. The Vicar of Trivett reports : "I have a
licenced curate. He informs me that till the late
rebellion he lived in Mr. Gorges' house. I never
received any complaints from the parishioners of his
neglecting his duty." The bishop's note is : " He only
concludes that the curate did his duty because the
parishioners made no complaints, and because the
curate tells him so/' and he directs that the incumbent
be specially cited to appear at the adjourned visitation.
In the case of the parish of Moyglare, too, the bishop
says : " What cause had he to call on his parishioners
for the character of his curate ? This curate has pre-
ferred a complaint against him. A suit must be
enquired into."

It was new to the Diocese of Meath to have at
its head such a vigorous ruler. The extracts given
above will give some idea of the difficulty of the work
that lay before him, and of the determination with
which he took up the arduous task. He was met in
many cases with passive resistance. Some of the clergy
did not answer his queries ; others absented themselves
from the visitation. These were soon made to feel
that the new bishop was a man with whom they could
not trifle. An adjourned visitation was held, to which
they were cited, and if they still proved contumacious,
proceedings were at once taken against them. The imme-
diate effect was salutary in every way, although it was
only after some years of unyielding perseverance that
the full effect of the bishop's reforms was made manifest.
We are not surprised to find that the church fabrics
reflected in their dilapidation and decay the unsound-
ness of the whole body. There was scarcely a church
in the whole diocese that did not require rebuilding
or renovation. O'Beirne took this matter also in hand,
and we will see later on that never, in the whole history

140 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

of the diocese, was there such an era of church building
as during his episcopate.

No less than eighty-three parishes were without
glebe-houses, and the worst of this was that the want
of them was not felt, for why should a glebe-house
be built when there was no resident clergyman to
inhabit it ? In some cases the house which did exist
was quite unsuitable. The following is the account
given by the Incumbent of Dunboyne : "I have an
acre of glebe joining the churchyard, on which is
built an old cabin, built by subscription for a school-
house, which was inhabited by my former clerk, until
I came to reside in my parish ; in which house I have
continued ever since, and is now in the most ruinous
condition, occasioned by the vengeance of the late
rebels exercised on it. I built a good stable and cow
house, with other offices, all of which were destroyed
but the stable, and I am sure no other clergyman
will ever reside in so poor a cabin. I have planted an
orchard and made a very good garden, which is all
that is valuable in my possession." The bishop was
unmoved by this tale of woe, cited the incumbent
to his adjourned visitation, and there censured him
" for contempt, and for a total neglect of his parish."

The account of the house and land at Loughcrew
is worth quoting. The incumbent was Mr. Moor
Smith, who held at the same time a benefice in the
Diocese of Armagh. He says : " There was a glebe
formerly belonging to the parish of Loughcrew of four
acres, adjoining the churchyard, in Mr. Button's
avenue, which was exchanged, as I am informed,
many years ago, for twenty acres of land in the same
estate, lying together about half a mile from the church,
subject to a yearly rent of 8. The deed of exchange
was never perfected, but the incumbents have enjoyed

MEATH IN 1799 141

it undisturbed from the beginning. There is no house
on the present glebe, except a very wretched thatched
cabin, unfit and incapable of being made fit for the
residence of a family. I am informed it had been
inhabited by the incumbent formerly. I do not reside
in that cabin, nor have I been able to procure any
residence in that union since I became possessed of it,
which is little more than a year, though I have used
my best endeavours for that purpose."

The glebe-house of Killucan was transformed into
a barrack, and a Hessian regiment was quartered
there. The rector resided in Tuam, in a parish which
he had in that diocese. He kept as curate a Mr.
O'Burne, who lived in Kinnegad, " availing myself
of the protection of the military quartered there."
The literary attainments of this clergyman must have
been very small, for the bishop's note book has the
reminder : "To speak to him privately about the
ortography of his answers." It will be- noted that
the bishop himself spells the word " ortography "
in a way which, though at one time counted correct,
was already obsolete in his days.

Where the income was derived from tithes, and this
was the case in most parishes, it was gathered from
an unwilling people, and was sometimes farmed out to
Roman Catholic collectors, who agreed to pay the in-
cumbent a fixed sum, making whatever profit they
could for themselves. A more objectionable method
could scarcely have been devised, and it proved a cause
of frequent disturbance, sometimes ending in bloodshed.
This was specially the case in Westmeath.

The church services were reduced to the fewest
possible. The Holy Communion was administered
mostly once in three months in some places not so
often. In the larger churches however, there was a

142 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

monthly communion. Few of the church festivals
were observed, except Christmas Day and Good Friday.
In two or three churches they had service on New Year's
Day and on Ash Wednesday, but no incumbent mentions
service on Ascension Day, nor does Whitsunday seem
to have been observed as a time for the celebration
of Holy Communion. In all these points Bishop
O'Beirne set about effecting whatever improvements
were possible. He ordered services to be held in the
principal parishes on Wednesdays and Fridays. He
notes how in Athlone they used at one time to have
daily service, and enquires why this has been dis-
continued. He calls attention in several places to the
disproportion between the church population and the
number of communicants. In Enniskeen he found the
curious arrangement of the bishop allowing a yearly
payment to the dissenting minister for looking after
the people. He simply states the fact without any
comment. Altogether it must have been a new
experience for the clergy of Meath to have a bishop
who thus interested himself in every department of the
work, and who was a true overseer of the work of
God.

In the matter of education he was equally alert.
The Diocesan School was at that time conducted at
Trim. The bishop puts down as subjects to be enquired
into : " Diocesan Schoolmaster What the amount of
his appointment ? In what state the diocesan school
house is, and if he inhabits it ? What number of
scholars he keeps, and how many are educated ac-
cording to the institution ? " At the diocesan visitation
the following note is made : " Rev. Mark Wainwright
admonished to have the objects of the school carried
fully and bona fide into effect. That for that purpose
he give immediate notice that the school is open for

MEATH IN 1799 143

day boys, and that he make immediate preparation
for the reception of boarders."

It was reported of Navan School that " Rev.
Mr. Preston, master of the school, does not keep school
himself, but employs Rev. Mr. Toomey." Thereupon
the bishop makes the note : "To enquire of Dr.
Duigenan as to the legality of giving the endowed school
to a person who neither keeps a school nor lives in the
house, but employs a deputy. If an abuse, what steps
must be taken to remedy it ? To enquire who are
the trustees, and who are the visitors ? If he has
taken out a licence from my court, or holds in any
manner under me ? " It does not appear what was
the result of all these enquiries, but if he effected any
reformation, it must have been short-lived, for fifty
years later the Royal Commissioners reported that
11 this endowment presented one of the most remarkable
instances of an abused trust."

With regard to the ordinary parish schools, O'Beirne
endeavoured to insist that every clergyman should
establish a school in his parish. At the visitation he
admonished the various rectors and vicars that they
must each have a parish schoolmaster. To urge that
there were no Protestant children in the parish was not
accepted as a sufficient excuse. The Incumbent of
Moymet, for instance, gave this as his reason for not
having a parochial school. His parish was a sinecure,
for he had no church, and not a solitary Protestant
parishioner. The bishop, however, insisted that he
should fulfil his duty in this way all the same. " If
a Protestant schoolmaster cannot be got for forty
shillings, he must give more, or teach school himself.
He is sworn to get a master, or to teach himself."
One cannot help asking, what kind of teacher did the
incumbent expect to get for two pounds a year ?

144 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

Some of the replies throw a curious light on the
qualifications expected in a schoolmaster, and the
emolument which was considered to be a sufficient
remuneration for his services. The Incumbent of
Balroddan writes that he would like to get " a man
of good parts and moral character, and fully capable to
perform the duties of his station." He offers the noble
salary of twenty pounds a year, on condition that the
schoolmaster fulfils also the duties of parish clerk, and
seems to be surprised that after all this generosity he
was unable to find anyone to come up to his high
standard. His neighbour of Moyglare, however, goes
one better than this. He says, " I have not a
Protestant schoolmaster, nor could I procure one,
though I offered seven pounds a year, a sum I pay to a
master of the school in my own parish in the Diocese
of Tuam, where I have established a Sunday school.
I mention these circumstances as presumptions of my
having the same good disposition towards the
parishioners of Moyglare, which I carried into effect
for some time by paying the Protestant schoolmaster.
I had then, besides the usual forty shillings a year, a
penny a head for every child of the parish without
distinction he taught on Sunday mornings, and the
number who attended him was about twenty ; but
this continued only a few months, for he died about
six years since, and I found the same impracticable
ever since. For a time I paid a Roman Catholic master
for teaching the Church of his persuasion those
fundamental principles of religion in which Christians
of all sects are agreed, but he did not receive the
encouragement he expected from his people, and there-
fore left them."

Besides the instruction given in the parochial
schools, which was evidently intended for all classes

MEATH IN 1799 145

Protestant and Roman Catholic alike O'Beirne in-
sisted on the duty of each clergyman himself giving
religious instruction to the children of his own people.
The replies given under this head are some of them
curious and interesting. The Vicar of Oldcastle says,
" I have a schoolmaster and pay him a salary. He
teaches the children to say the Church Catechism, and
brings them to the church, and leaves to the clergyman
to explain it. It is no easy matter to get these sort
properly qualified." The rector of Newtown
Fertullagh goes more into detail. He says, " With
respect to the public religious instruction of the children
of the parish, I am obliged to acknowledge some
neglect. I have certainly too remissly insisted, and
their parents perhaps have been too backward in
sending them to church for that purpose. During one
summer only out of three did I regularly succeed in
bringing a few of them together on Sundays, after the
celebration of Divine service, when my examination
was such as appeared to myself best calculated to
discover what they knew, and to suggest to them what
they knew not. I have since thought that the printed
explanation by Stopford would prove an important
help to them, and have procured a sufficient number
of them, of which I have not yet made use. I must,
however, in extenuation, observe that the children who
attend me were not neglected by their parents, but
had been properly instructed in the Church Catechism ;
that the number of those in the parish who are of age
to profit or to need this mode of instruction is extremely
small ; and that the church of an adjacent parish, from
its proximity to the most populous part of mine, is
habitually resorted to by many of my parishioners."
The neighbouring parish here referred to is doubtless
Clonfadforan. The rector there says ; " The children

VOL. II. L

146 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

in my parish are instructed in the principles of their
religion by their parents, being chiefly Methodists. I
have lately examined them in the Church Catechism,
and found them instructed."

The only other officer about whom information was
asked was the parish clerk, and under this head some
of the replies are most amusing. In Loughcrew,
his qualifications are said to be " moderate and much
on a level with the generality of clerks in country
churches." In Oldcastle, he was " very well qualified,
but in a bad state of health, and not well able to sing
the psalms." The clerk at Rathcore, we are told,
" reads tolerably well ; he does not attempt to sing."
In Trivett, he is said to be " perfectly superannuated."
In Moyglare, the vicar writes, " The parish clerk is as
sufficient as parish clerks in general are, who, to do
them justice, are shamefully deficient in one part of
their duty, that of psalmody, which, from the manner
they perform it, instead of exciting devotion, has
often the contrary effect on light minds." The parish
clerk of Kingscourt has the pre-eminence among them
all : " He is a well-conducted man, but the worst clerk
in this or any other diocese."

The following account of the charities of Athboy
is worth reproducing : " I know of no charitable
foundation except a bequest of 10 per annum by a
Mr. Cusack, for apprenticing children, viz., two boys
yearly. This money is regularly paid by the governors
of Stephen's Hospital, Dublin. To that hospital Mr.
Cusack left a handsome estate near the town of Athboy
several years ago. One of the Bligh family bequeathed
1,500, the interest of which was to be distributed
amongst the poor of the parish. The poor received
this interest for some time, but as the money was not
willed to trustees, the agent, one of the Tandys, kept

MEATH IN 1799 147

the principal, and refused to pay the interest any
longer. Some time after this, another of the Tandys,
thinking his relation's conduct disgraceful to the family
name, left 1,500 to replace this money, but he com-
mitted the same error in not naming trustees, of which
advantage was taken by Tandy of Johnsbrook, in my
parish, who refused to pay principal or interest. Such
are the accounts I have received of these transactions.
Within these two years there have been some houses
called alms houses, erected in this town by Lord
Darnley. They are wretchedly built, and have been
in an unfinished state for some time. They are, how-
ever inhabited, and there is a grocer's shop kept in one
of them, with a licence board over the door, though
they are called alms houses ! ! ! "

Putting all these extracts together, we can form a
fairly accurate picture of church life in Meath at the
beginning of the nineteenth century. It is evident
that things were at the lowest possible ebb. The
beneficed clergy non-resident, and the duty performed
by curates whose emoluments were altogether in-
sufficient for the position in which they were placed.
The churches dilapidated and unsightly. The services
few and slovenly. The psalmody left to the efforts
of incompetent parish clerks. One cannot help
wondering how the Church ever survived. We have
already seen how, more than once, she was brought
low by attacks from without. We see at this time
how she was abased by those of her own house. Twenty
years later, when Bishop O'Beirne was near his end,
all this was altered. Thanks to his energy and
enthusiasm, the old abuses were to a great extent
swept away, and in the Providence of God he
was spared long enough to see with his own eyes the
reward of his labours.

CHAPTER XXXV.

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS OF PROGRESS.

THE story of Bishop O'Beirne's episcopate, extending
over a period of about twenty-five years, is the story
of continuous improvement and reform. At the outset
he announced what his course of action was to be,
and to the end he never for a moment faltered or
flinched. How much need there was for improvement
we have already seen in the last chapter. The evils
that were then complained of were not new. Non-
residence, pluralities, ruinous churches, want of glebe-
houses the Irish Church had suffered from all these
things from the first day that Englishmen had mixed
themselves up in her affairs. One could scarcely hope
then that abuses of such long standing would disappear
all in a moment. But O'Beirne was a man of great
strength of will and earnestness of purpose, and he set
himself resolutely to the task that lay before him. He
had intense love for the Church, and it grieved him
to see the desolation that had been brought about by
the neglect of many generations. The result of his
labour was that at the end of his episcopate he could
point triumphantly to changed conditions all round.

He first attacked the non-residents, with a success
which we have already noted. We need not be sur-
prised to learn that he encountered considerable
opposition. Cumbrous and tedious law proceedings
were often necessary when clergymen proved con-
tumacious, and there were cases in which these

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS OF PROGRESS 149

impediments were used to the utmost. In this
connection, it is interesting to note that the bishop, in
one case at least, contemplated the use of the ecclesias-
tical punishment of excommunication to be inflicted on
those who refused to submit to his authority. We have
no means of finding out whether he actually put the
excommunication into force, but that he was minded
to do so is shown by the following letter from his
chancellor, Doctor Duigenan :

MY LORD,

There is no doubt that you have full "authority to excom-
municate Mr. Clewloe for his contumacy in not appearing,
but he must be suspended prior to his excommunication.
(See 71 canon). I think your Lordship should proceed against
him according to the Non-residence Act of last session, but,
perhaps this may become unnecessary by the proceedings
already in progress against him.

I beg that your Lordship will present my most humble
respects to Mrs. O'Beirne and the young ladies.

I have the honour to be,

My Lord,

Your most faithful and obedient Servant,

PATK. DUIGENAN.

Henrietta Street, Dublin,
December 30th, 1808. x

Mr. Clewloe was Incumbent of Vastina, and it
would appear that the bishop acted on his chancellor's
advice and deprived him, for we find that six months
later than the date of this letter a new clergyman
was appointed to the parish.

Connected with the subject of non-residence was
that of the want of glebes and glebe-houses. At the
very first visitation therefore a large number of the
clergy were admonished to build. As time went on, the

Record Office, Dublin.

I5O HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

bishop kept urging the necessity of having a proper resi-
dence for the clergyman in every parish, until at length
he had procured the erection of no less than seventy-two
new houses in the diocese. When a house had been
built in a parish, it became possible for the bishop to
insist that the clergyman should occupy it. As long as
the parishes were without glebe-houses, the constant
excuse of the non-resident was that he could get no
house in his parish in which it was possible for him to
dwell.

He was equally successful in the matter of churches.
The large number of fifty-seven that is, considerably
more than one-half of the total number of churches
were erected during his episcopate. The architectural
designs of these buildings left much to be desired.
They are, indeed, it must be confessed, hopelessly
uninteresting and featureless. We cannot help
regretting that in some cases the old churches were not
preserved. But while we may thus have misgivings
from the aesthetic point of view, we cannot but admit
that practically it was a great boon to the Church to
have these plain and barn-like, but sound and
serviceable, buildings for the celebration of public
worship, instead of the ruinous structures with which
she had to be contented for so long. There is a tablet
in Kilshine Church, which commemorates the building
of that edifice, and sets forth the work which the
bishop accomplished in the diocese. It is as follows :

The rebuilding and restoring of this Parish Church,

After it had laid in ruin for upwards of a century,

Were the effects of the pious exertions of

That excellent Prelate,

The Right Honourable and Most Reverend Father in God,
Doctor Thomas Lewis O'Beirne,

Lord Bishop of Meath,
Who in the conscientious discharge

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS OF PROGRESS

Of the functions of his high and important office
Not only caused many other Churches in this Diocese

To be rebuilt and restored,
But procured for that most respectable Body,

The Reverend the Parochial Clergy,
Residences and Glebes within their respective Livings,
Suitable as far as it was possible to their situations,
Thereby enabling them duly to discharge the duties of

Resident Protestant Clergymen,

And to dispense to their Parishioners of that Persuasion
The invaluable comforts of

Our Blessed Religion.
Aided by a pecuniary grant of 1600 from the Board of First

Fruits
Obtained through the Intercession of His Lordship the Bishop

of Meath,

John Pollock, of Mountainstown, Esq.,
Accomplished the rebuilding of this Church,
Which was restored,
Ann. Dom. 1815.

In 1807 there was a return made to the government
giving the state of the Diocese of Meath. A similar
return was furnished in 1820. The phraseology of
the summary in both these documents is identical,
and is manifestly copied one from the other, but the
numbers are very different, and comparing them one
with the other, we see what wonderful progress had
been made in the interval.

In the report of 1807, we read :

The Diocese of Meath consists of 92 benefices, 46 of which
are unions. On these benefices, 45 incumbents actually reside.
Of the 47 who do not reside, 10 have no glebe-houses, but
live sufficiently near to their respective benefices to discharge
their duties without inconvenience. 19 have other livings on
which they reside, and hold by faculty. 13 are absent with
permission ; 2 without permission ; 2 benefices are vacant ;
and i is a sinecure. There are 90 churches, 37 glebe-houses,
75 glebes, and 17 benefices without glebes. There are 12
benefices without churches, 54 without glebe-houses, and ,17

152 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

without glebes. There are likewise in the Diocese of Meath,
13 benefices of different denominations without churches,
without glebe-houses, and without any ecclesiastical income
whatever.

With this, let us now compare the Report of 1820.
The word " dispensation " is substituted for " faculty ; "
otherwise the paragraph is repeated word for word :

The Diocese of Meath consists of 101 benefices, 42 of which
are unions. On these benefices 79 incumbents actually reside.
Of the 22 who do not reside, 2 have no glebe-houses, but live
sufficiently near to their respective benefices to discharge
their duties without inconvenience. 10 have other livings,
in which they reside, and hold by dispensation, 6 are absent
with permission ; 2 without permission, i benefice is vacant,
and i is a sinecure. There are 94 churches, 83 glebe-houses
95 glebes, and 6 benefices without glebes. There are II,
benefices without churches, 18 without glebe-houses, and 6
without glebes. There are likewise in the Diocese of Meath,
13 benefices of different denominations without churches,
without glebe-houses, and without any ecclesiastical income
whatever.

The following lists are given in Bishop O'Beirne's
own handwriting in a book preserved in the Record
Office, Dublin. The date is not given, but the
account must have been drawn up sometime towards
the close of his episcopate.

IMPROVEMENTS IN THE STATE OF THE DIOCESE OF
MEATH SINCE THE YEAR 1799.

GLEBES PROCURED FOR PARISHES THAT NEVER HAD
ANY, OR NOT SUFFICIENT FOR BUILDING.

Donagh Patrick. Newtown Fertullagh.

Painestown. Tullamore.

Ballymaglasson. Vastina.

Dunboyne. Kilkenny West.

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS OF PROGRESS

153

Moymet. *Drumraney Perpetual Curacy.

Killohanagan Perpetual Curacy. Wherry Perpetual Curacy.

*Mayne Perpetual Curacy.

Killiagh Perpetual Curacy.

Rathwire.

Saint Mary's Drogheda.

Colpe.

*Stonehall Perpetual Curacy.

Moyliscar.

Castlelost.

*Clara Perpetual Curacy.

Kilbixy Perpetual Curacy.

Kilbeggan.

Leney.

Kilbrew.

Rahan Perpetual Curacy.

Moat, a House, Offices, and

Garden in the town.
Ardagh Perpetual Curacy.
Kilbride Pilate.

Durrow Perpetual Curacy.

[NOTE. The four perpetual curacies marked with an
asterisk are erased in the original document.]

NEW GLEBE-HOUSES BUILT OR PURCHASED SINCE

Donagh Patrick.

Newtown.

Kilshiney.

Stackallen.

Julianstown.

Slane.

Painstown.

Kentstown.

Taghmon.

Stonehall.

Almoritia.

Castletown Delvin.

Moyliscar.

Castlelost.

Clonfadforan.

Mayne.

Oldcastle.

Killallon.

Killiagh.

Rathwire.

Mullingar.

1799.

Skryne.

Tara.

Knockmark. 2

Galtrim.

Kilmore.

Moyglare.

Agher.

Ratoath.

Rathconnell.

Ardnurcher.

Clara.

Killoughey.

Kilbrew.
Rathbeggan.
Ballymaglasson.
Dunboyne.
Moymet.
Laracor.
Athboy.
Rathmolyon.
Ballyloughloe.
Drumraney. 2
Athlone.
Tessauran.
Wherry.
Saint Mary's,
Drogheda.

Durrow.

Tullamore Kilbride

Kilbeggan.

Newtown Fertullagh Colpe.

Vastina. Kilbixey.

Ballymore.

Kilkenny West.

Rathcondra.

Drumraney. 2

Leney.
Knockmark. 2

Kilcleagh. } Money

Ardagh. ~^

KillohanganJ building.

2 It will be noted that the Parishes of Knockmark and Drumraney occur
twice in this list, evidently a mistake:

154 HISTORY OF THE DIOCBSB OF MEATH

NEW CHURCHES BUILT SINCE 1799.

Donogh Patrick. Killiagh. Tissauran.

Kilmainham Wood. Tullamore Kilbride. Gallen.

Kilshiney. Colpe. Killoughey.

Ardagh. Kilbrady. Vastina.

Skryne. Stonehall. Knockmark.

Rathbeggan. Castlelost, Beggar's Rathcondra.

Ballymaglasson. Bridge. Bunowen.

Mayne. Churchtown. Kilbride Pilate.
Drumraney.

CHURCHES REBUILT SINCE 1799.

Kells. Oldcastle. Leney.

Dunshaughlin. Clonard. Ballyloughloe.

Kentstown. Rathwire. Forgney.

Enniskeen. Dmmcree. Moate, enlarged.

Kilmoon. St. Mary's,Drogheda Duleek.

Agher. Mullingar. Tara, rebuilding.

Kilbrew. Ballyboy Ratoath.

Trim. Kilbeggan. Castlepollard.

Navan. Almoritia.

Killohangan 1 Votes of Vestry passed for
Bannagher V Rebuilding them on
Castle Town J Loans from the First Fruits.

When we examine these long lists, we get some
idea of how great a debt the Diocese of Meath owes
to Bishop O'Beirne. We see that there is scarcely
a parish within its bounds which does not at this present
moment show some token of his energy and zeal.
He found the diocese in a state of disorder and decay :
he left it well organized and efficient. Indeed we
may say of Meath to-day that it is what Bishop O'Beirne
made it. Other bishops, before his time and since,
ruay have surpassed him in some ways, for we have
had amongst them profound scholars, brilliant orators,
and great writers ; but as a ruler and shepherd

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS OF PROGRESS 155

of souls, we may safely say of him that he was the
greatest bishop that Meath has ever seen.

But we are not to suppose that O'Beirne spent all
his energies on externals, such as the building of
churches and the providing of residences. In other
respects, too, he aimed at raising his diocese to a high
state of efficiency. We have seen that he himself had
remarkable gifts as a preacher, and we find that he
endeavoured to promote the cultivation of preaching
power amongst his clergy. In 1810 he made this the
subject of his Visitation Charge, and a copious extract
from that document will be of interest, not only for the
light which it throws on the character of the bishop
and the state of his diocese, but also for the information
which it contains about the state of the whole Church
of Ireland at that time.

He takes for his text the prayer, " That God would
be pleased to illuminate us all in our several stations
in His church with true knowledge and understanding
of His Word, and that both by our preaching and
living we may set it forth and show it accordingly."
He speaks of the duty of censuring sin, and says :

There is no part of our function that requires to be managed
with more meekness of wisdom, as the apostle beautifully
expresses it, than the reprobation of vice, and the checking
of the dissolute and profane when in the ordinary commerce
of society, in which we must engage, they give a loose to their
vicious habits, and insult us with licentious and irreligious con-
versation Within the precincts of your respective cures f

and among your own parishioners, the call of duty is different.
There, no flagrant violation of the public morals, no professed
enmity to our holy religion, no open or avowed contempt of its
faith, its discipline, or its ordinances, should ever elude your
observation or escape your censure. No rank should be too
high to induce you to overlook the pernicious example set
to your flock . . . Open rebuke should seldom be tried : it
should never be tried until private remonstrance shall have

156 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

failed. . . . Neither will the spirit of the times admit of
your enforcing that public discipline which in the earlier and
more pious days of the Reformation provided for the
exemplary punishment of notable crimes and notorious
contumacy. Should the notoriety and the publicity of their
delinquency bear you out, do not suffer them to profane the
Blessed Sacrament, but privately warn them not to present
themselves at the Holy Table, that you may not be necessitated
to refuse them the Bread and Wine, as the rubric, which is law
for you, directs you to do in all instances of open and notorious
evil livers.

From this we may conclude that the bishop desired
to see in each parish something of that discipline which
he was endeavouring to establish in the diocese. We
have no means of knowing how far such an effort was
made, or if made, how far it was successful. Probably,
in many cases he received no great co-operation from
the clergy. They had been too long accustomed to a
lax discipline, and they were too many of them offenders
themselves, to enter much into the spirit of a reform
such as the bishop desired. Yet we can scarcely think
that these weighty admonitions were altogether
without result, delivered as they were in such impressive
language, and backed with such an excellent example.

He does not appear to have had much admiration
for the training that divinity students got in those days,
for he says that " from the course of studies in which
persons destined for Orders are engaged previous to
their admission to the ministry, and which, it is to
be lamented, is so very unappropriate to the functions
for which they are designed, it is not to be expected
that immediately on their nomination to a cure of souls
they should possess that knowledge of the Scriptures
and of the works that have been written to interpret
and illustrate them, that would enable them to become
competent teachers of the Word." He suggests,

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS OF PROGRESS 157

as the safest method, to begin by selecting from the
works of the great masters in the art of preaching who
have gone before them, the matter if not the form of
their public discources. But discretion, he says,
is needful in selection, for " what can be so lamentable
as to see a congregation of farmers, mechanics, and
labourers, frustrated of every hope of improvement
they indulge in at the return of every Sabbath, by a
minister who selects for them some of the highly
finished compositions with which such preachers as
Blair so powerfully affected, and so luminously in-
structed the refined audience to whom they addressed
their sermons."

About five years before the delivery of this charge,
Dean Kirwan, the celebrated preacher, had passed away.
He it was of whom Grattan said that, " he came to
interrupt the repose of the pulpit, and he shakes one
world with the thunder of the other." Like O'Beirne,
he had begun life as a member of the Church of Rome.
Like him, too, he had gone to Saint Omer's College
for his education. O'Beirne left that college in 1768 ;
Kirwan left it in 1771 ; so there is the possibility that
they may have been both in that seminary at the
same time. All this renders the following criticism of
Kirwan the more interesting. It is evident, from
what the bishop says, that the dean had many
imitators. Indeed, it is said that he founded a new
school of pulpit eloquence in the Irish Church. O'Beirne,
however, was by no means inclined to encourage the
new style of oratory, and his strictures are of his usual
vigorous kind.

You will not take for your model (he says), those
pompous haranguers who always declaim, but never discourse
nor talk to their hearers who mount the pulpit on stilts
who despise all use of natural and familiar language, as

158 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

belonging to a flat or creeping style and who place all the
perfection of pulpit eloquence, some in an unceasing flow of
rounded periods, some in epigrammatic points and well turned
conceits, some in repeated flashes of brilliant expressions,
strained metaphors, and figures so far-fetched as to defy all
application.

An attempt has been lately made in this country to form
a school of this false and tinsel school of pulpit eloquence. The
great master of that school, although possessed of great natural
powers to move the passions, to amuse the fancy, and to
captivate the ear, yet was unqualified from the course of his
early studies for filling the pulpit in the character of a Protestant
parochial minister. He was uneducated and unexercised in
that species of eloquence that peculiarly belongs to it. His
attempt was to introduce the declamatory, florid, and highly
ornamented style of the French preachers, and their theatrical
manner and vehement gesticulations, instead of the sober,
modest, chastened style, manner and delivery, that dis-
tinguishes the fathers of our Church, that are suited to the
spirit of our reformed religion ; less impassioned, but more
lastingly impressive ; full of weight and gravity, and necessarily
adopted by all who address the reason and the conviction,
before they attempt the heart and its affections. His dis-
courses were like most French discourses pictures of the
age, and invectives against its follies and disorders, more than
vehicles for conveying Gospel truths and Gospel principles,
or than enforcement of Gospel duties. . . . These were the
" thunders by which he broke the slumber of the pulpit,"
(an affected and invidious phrase so often quoted) and kept
those awake who probably would have slept with the young
man in the Acts of the Apostles, if Saint Paul himself preached
the Gospel to them. This extraordinary man for such he
doubtless was had for some time many imitators among
the younger clergy, who were ambitious to share in the
celebrity he had acquired. But, like all imitations, they copied
all his faults and imperfections, without the fascinations of
genius that in him covered them all.

In the concluding part of the charge, the bishop
deals with sectaries, and with the duty of preaching
against them ; but he adds the warning that where
they have not made their appearance, " it may be the
more prudent way not to force them on the notice

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS OF PROGRESS 159

of your parishioners ; " adding that " in most parts
of this diocese they are unknown."

Meath probably had to thank the sparseness of her
population more than anything else for her comparative
freedom from sectaries. In other parts of the country,
and possibly in parts of Meath also, they seem to have
been particularly active about this time. O'Beirne's
method of dealing with them was to increase the
earnestness and zeal of the clergy. He addressed a
letter to his rural deans in 1821 on this subject. His
words would be applicable in some respects to the
present day. He says :

It is the reproach of her enemies that her clergy have in
general become so secularized that they have lost the stamp
of their holy profession, and we every day hear it admitted
by her nominal friends that it is not without reason that
sectaries and seceders arrogate to themselves the exclusive
praise of that zealous discharge of the pastoral duties, to which
every minister of the Gospel pledges himself, on his having
the care of souls committed to him in the Lord.

As to what depends on me, what I have chiefly at heart is
to see, before I shall be called away to answer for my own
stewardship, the establishment of a parochial clergy in the
diocese, who should manifest the zeal of those sectaries and
seceders, without the fanaticism and excluding spirit that serve
only to render their zeal dangerous, and destructive of all
Christian morality and true religion. It would be to see that
every officiating minister whom I should license should be as
distinguished for assiduity and earnestness in preserving all
who are committed to his charge from being tainted and led
away by false teachers, who are daily multiplying around us,
as those teachers are in gaining proselytes from the Established
Church. While professing to teach her articles of faith, they
pervert them as they pervert the Scriptures, and deduce from
them doctrines which the pious and learned compilers of them,
and all their most distinguished successors, have uniformly
condemned as unknown to the Gospel.

Severe must be the account which every individual amongst
us shall have to give, when his ministry is ended with his life,
if he shall be found to have discharged that ministry with the

l6o HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

torpor and lnke-warmncss that so evidently bespeak the total
absence of that primitive spirit, to which, I fear, we are in a
great measure to attribute the apathy in all matters of their
religion that characterizes so many amongst the Protestants of
this country, and the little attachment they show to the
pure and reformed church into which they have been baptized.

The " sectaries and seceders " which the bishop had
immediately in his mind when he made these observa-
tions were the agents of the Hibernian Bible Society.
It is a fundamental principle of that society as at
present constituted that it is simply the handmaid
of other organizations, and that it should therefore
confine itself to the task of circulating the Scriptures,
without note or comment. In the early years of the
nineteenth century, however, things were differently
managed, and the methods of the society failed to
commend themselves to many sober- minded Churchmen.
Remonstrances were made from time to time, and
animated discussions took place both in the committee
and at the public meetings of the society. In the end,
the Irish bishops as a body withdrew their patronage,
and severed their connection with that organization.
O'Beirne tells us that " the management of the
Hibernian Bible Society has entirely fallen into the
hands of sectaries and seceders, and the establishment
of their auxiliary societies, wherever it takes place
through the country, has for its immediate object the
increase of the number of their proselytes, and the
extension and prevalence of their doctrines."

It was characteristic of Bishop O'Beirne that his
opposition to the methods of the Bible Society did
not take the shape of mere destructive criticism, but
of vigorous counter organization. He directed each
rural dean to form a deanery branch of the Diocesan
Bible Society, which was affiliated with the Association

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS OF PROGRESS l6l

for Promoting Christian Knowledge. They were to
" make every exertion to procure the countenance and
co-operation of the respectable laymen in their respec-
tive deaneries, and their presence at the meetings
appointed by the rural dean for the promotion of
the important object of the society, that of dis-
seminating the Scriptures, the Book of Common
Prayer, and tracts breathing the genuine spirit and
inculcating the pure morals and unadulterated doctrines
of the Gospel." The clergy were all directed to aid in
this, and the bishop adds : "I could not experience
a more sensible mortification than to find that in some
instances the rural dean cannot induce the clergy of
his deanery to take any active part in the formation of
these societies, or to attend the meetings ; and I repeat
that the clergyman who betrays such a want of feeling
of what he owes to his own character and to his sacred
profession, must expect to have his name brought by
me before his brethren at the visitation, with the stigma
he so justly deserves."

The friction with the Bible Society continued for a
considerable time, and some strong language was used
on both sides. Conciliatory resolutions were passed
at the meetings of the society, but the language of
individual members who took part in the debate
scarcely accorded with the moderate tone of these
resolutions. One speaker, a beneficed clergyman of
the Diocese of Dublin, referring to the secession of his
own diocesan, spoke of it as " the lopping off of rotten
branches giving fresh vigour to the tree, and a promise
of more abundant and better fruit." Happily these
differences have long since been adjusted. Even the
" Meath Bible Society," formed, as we have seen, in
direct opposition to the Hibernian Bible Society, is now
an auxiliary to that institution.

VOL. II. M

l62 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

This controversy with the Hibernian Bible Society
took place in the year 1821, when the bishop was
already an old man, and indeed was nearing his end.
It tells us how he retained his energy to the last, and
was keenly alive to the welfare of his diocese.

It is to Bishop O'Beirne that we owe the first
establishment of clerical meetings in the Church of
Ireland. We have no records to show whether he
actually held such assemblies in the Diocese of Meath,
but the presumption is that he did so, for during the
short time that he presided over the Diocese of Ossory
he established them there, and they continued as
long as he was bishop of that See. In the circular which
he issued on that occasion he speaks of the project
as one which he had " very much at heart." He drew
up the following rules for the conduct of the meetings,
and we learn from them that they were carried on
practically in the same way as the clerical meetings
of the present day.

PLAN OF THE MEETING.

To interpret and explain the New Testament, beginning
by the Gospel of St. Matthew, and going through four chapters
at least at each meeting.

Each person to come prepared to expound the original Greek
and acquainted with such commentaries as he can procure,
according to his convenience and means.

The explanation to be followed by a lecture on the chapter
that shall have been expounded ; which lecture the bishop
is to prepare.

To conclude with an enquiry into the principal events, and
the principal agents of the several ages of the Church, beginning
by the first age.

The meeting to be held in the Cathedral Library (which
is open for the convenience of those who wish to consult what-
ever books may be found there proper for the occasion) and to
dine with the bishop. 2

a Madden, Memoir of the latt Rev. Pettr Re,

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS OF PROGRESS 163

In the year 1821, Bishop O'Beirne undertook
his last confirmation tour. There is a short account
of it in Saunder's News Letter of August the fourth in
that year, which may here be reproduced :

The Lord Bishop of Meath, attended by the Rev. Mr.
Pakenham as chaplain, arrived in Mullingar on Saturday last
in order to consecrate the church ; but unhappily some cir-
cumstance occurred which prevented its accomplishment.
However, his Lordship, anxious for the accommodation of the
parishioners, has licensed the church, until an opportunity shall
occur, when he will perform the ceremony as he had originally
intended. He preached on Sunday on the subject of Con-
firmation. To show the hallowed respect which every member
of the Protestant Church should feel for her ordinances, the
Bishop of Meath has ventured, almost at the risk of his life,
to journey from one end of the diocese to the other, to perform
the ceremony of Confirmation.

Bishop O'Beirne died at Ardbraccan on the
I7th of February, 1823. A tablet erected to his
memory in the Parish Church very fittingly recounts
the progress of the diocese during his episcopate as
the most appropriate record of his life. It reads as
follows :

Near this Place are interred the Mortal Remains of

The Most Reverend and Right Honorable

THOMAS LEWIS O'BEIRNE, D.D.,

Lord Bishop of Meath,
The Chief Objects of whose Life were
To promote Happiness in his Family by Affection and

Benevolence,

And to diffuse Piety and Holiness through his Diocese,
By guiding and directing his Parochial Clergy

In the Performance of the Awful Duties
Incumbent on them as Ministers of the United Church.
During the 25 Years that he presided over this See

There were erected in it
72 Glebe Houses and 57 Churches
He died February I7th, 1823,
Aged 76 Years.

CHAPTER XXXVI.
THE TITHE WAR.

ON the death of Bishop O'Beirne speculation was
naturally rife as to his successor in the See of Meath.
Among the names mentioned was that of the brother
of the Duke of Wellington. The following paragraph
appeared in the Dublin Evening Post on February 2/th,
1823, just ten days after the death of the bishop :

THE NEW BISHOP.

Some of the London papers state that the Irish Bishopric
of Meath, vacant by the recent death of Doctor O'Beirne,
has been offered to the Honourable and Reverend Gerard
Wellesley, brother of our illustrious chief governor. The
Morning Chronicle intimates that the offer has been accepted
and that the appointment has already actually taken place.

In this case the forecast for it was nothing more
was mistaken. The choice of the Crown was the Right
Reverend Nathaniel Alexander, who had been con-
secrated Bishop of Clonfert in 1801, and translated to
Down and Connor in 1823. He was the eldest son of
Robert Alexander, Esquire, elder brother to James
first Earl of Caledon, and was uncle to our present
illustrious Primate, to whom he had a remarkable
resemblance in his personal appearance. Like most
of his predecessors, he became a member of the Privy
Council. He continued to rule the See of Meath until
his death, which took place in 1840.

It was well for the diocese that it had been so
thoroughly organized under O'Beirne, for in common
with the whole Church of Ireland, it was now called

THE TITHE WAR 165

on to pass through a time of great trial, due to what
is known as the tithe war. The population of the
country was at this time rapidly increasing, but
agriculture, which was then as now the principal
industry, was in a backward state, and consequently
the productiveness of the land was not advancing
in the same proportion. The result was that a large
number of the people were in such a condition that a
single unpropitious season was sufficient to bring them
face to face with the horrors of famine. In 1822 the
suffering became so great that Parliament voted a sum
of half a million pounds for the alleviation of Irish
distress. Such a time has always been in Ireland a
season of agitation and unrest, and this was no
exception to the rule. The malcontents found a
leader in Daniel O'Connell, who at this time was
beginning to make his influence felt, and under his
auspices an organization was founded, known as the
" Catholic Association." Its object was two-fold :
the obtaining of Catholic emancipation, and the
abolition of tithes.

The former of these, though it was perhaps of the
greater importance politically, does not concern us
here. It was a measure that must have been passed
sooner or later, and the mistake made was that it was
too long delayed, and in the end only granted in
response to agitation, so that the disturbers of the
country could boast that it had been extorted by force.
The Protestants of Ireland, who had so administered
the penal laws that their operation was for the most
part unfelt by those against whom they were directed,
were certainly not to blame for the delay, and many
of them those of Meath among the number joined
with their Roman Catholic fellow countrymen in
petitioning for their repeal.

l66 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

The anti-tithe movement was a blow struck directly
at the Church of Ireland. The incomes of the clergy
were for the most part derived from this source ;
when, therefore, payment was refused, it simply meant
that the parsons were left without any maintenance.
The institution was unknown in the ancient Irish
Church, and was only introduced into the country by
the Romanizers of the twelfth century. From the
first it encountered considerable opposition, and it is
said though the assertion is not easy to verify that
it was never paid in those parts which lay beyond the,
English Pale. We have already seen how at various times
the collection of these payments had become difficult,
and sometimes impossible. In the beginning of the nine-
teenth century the opposition took a new form. The
discontented no longer formed themselves into armed
bands. They adopted more peaceable but not less
efficacious methods. " Agitation " so familiar a
feature in modern Irish politics took its rise about
this time, and Daniel O'Connell may be said to have
been the parent of that new force which he himself
wielded so adroitly, and which has proved to be so
powerful all through the century.

During the episcopate of Bishop O'Beirne the first
rumblings of the coming storm were heard, and the
subject had given rise to considerable discussion and
ill-feeling. The bishop wrote a pamphlet dealing with
the controversy, which he entitled, A Letter from an
Irish Dignitary to an English Clergyman on the Subject
of Tithes in Ireland. This pamphlet was considered
to be such a powerful statement of the Church's case,
that it was reprinted for more general circulation after
the bishop's death. The great argument that he uses
is that the title of the clergy to their tenth part rests
precisely on the same foundation as the title of the

THE TITHE WAR 167

laity to the remaining nine parts. This proposition
was vehemently denied by the opponents of tithes,
who were always loud in their assertion that they were
making no attack on the rights of property. The bishop
urged that the two things held together, and he reminds
landowners that rent as well as tithe was being attacked.
" Is there a day," he asks, " in which we do not hear
of insurrections and disturbances in some district or
another in consequence of the exorbitant rents to
which lands have risen ? " He argues, too, that all
transfers of property had been made subject to the
payment of tithe, and that therefore it stood in the
exact same position as did the payment of rent.
Arguments such as these, however convincing they
might be in themselves, could have little influence in
swaying the passions of an excited mob, and it was
by mob violence that the whole subject was discussed.
The government seemed to be quite powerless. In
1832 it undertook the collection of the tithe, but the
experiment proved a conspicuous failure. It is said
that a sum of twelve thousand pounds was collected
at an expense of twenty-seven thousand, and the
attempt to levy the remainder was at length abandoned
in despair. The methods adopted by the agitators,
and the impotence of the government in dealing with
them, may be understood from the following account
which appeared in Tale's Edinburgh Magazine at
the time :

The system of the Catholic Association is the very reverse
of violence. It is humble submission to law. It is the
extremity of passive obedience, but dictated by the most
determined spirit of resistance. The cattle are seized, im-
pounded, brought to auction ; but a plague seems upon them
no one will bid a shilling no one will buy them. Tithe has
been branded on them the moment they were seized. A Roman
could not shun with greater horror anything devoted to the

l68 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

infernal gods than a whole people the cattle branded with that
single word. They are driven to Dublin under a guard of
police, perhaps soldiers, and there shipped for Liverpool, but
their evil fame has gone before, the obnoxious word is on them,
and there, too, no buyer can be found. The consequence is
that no cattle are seized, and tithes are therefore at an end.

Meath was not one of those districts in which the
tithe agitators were particularly strong, yet there were
many distressing scenes, and much suffering on the
part of the clergy. The following is from the Annual
Register for the year 1831 :

The peasantry set up their own uncontrolled law of force.
They directed themselves against the tithes of the Church,
and the rents and property of the laity. Marching armed to
the residence of the clergy, they compelled them to reduce
the legal rate of the tithes, or to abandon it altogether.
Vengeance was denounced by all manner of threatening
notices, not only against the persons who should exact, but
against the farmers who should pay it, and the menaces were
carried into execution by murder, rapine, and arson. In the
County Meath they marched from house to house, taking
the labourers from their work and the horses from the plough,
and so soon as the military had dispersed an assemblage at one
point, a new one started up at another.

On the twenty-third of May in the same year (1831)
there was a serious riot at Castlepollard in connection
with some legal proceedings for the recovery of tithe.
The following is the account, as given in the Annual
Register :

At the fair of Castlepollard, in the County Westmeath,
the police had occasion to seize an offender. The mob
attacked the police, the prisoner was rescued and carried off
in triumph, renewed assaults were made, the chief constable
was knocked to the ground, the police fired, and nine or ten
persons were killed. At the Mullingar assizes, in the month
of July following, bills of indictment for murder were presented
to the Grand Jury against several of the police. The Grand
Jury ignored the bills for murder, but in four cases found

THE TITHE WAR 169

bills for manslaughter. The prisoners were then put upon
their trial, and were all acquitted. As the year advanced, the
frightful mixture of lawless violence on the one hand, and of
bloody repression on the other, lost little of its horrors. Pay-
ment of tithe was almost everywhere refused, and the usual
system of threats and murder was again set in motion. The
clergyman dared not ask the willing occupier dared not pay.
The law was powerless, and wherever the officers of the
law interfered, open and bloody war was declared against
them.

The reports of these proceedings published in the
English Radical journals were very much what they
would be at the present day. The mob was declared
to be peaceful and orderly. It was the officers of the
Crown who were the disturbers and aggressors. Here
is the account, taken from Tate's Edinburgh Journal,
of the occurrence last narrated :

At Castlepollard a stone or two fell on the bayonets. There
was no evidence to prove that the police were in danger ;
and what is conclusive, not a single policeman was produced
with the slightest mark of injury on his person. But the
excuse was given. They turned round and fired by threes into
the middle of the crowd.

From the same source we take the following
description of a scene at Kentstown, where cattle had
been seized in consequence of non-payment of tithe :

A sale was lately attempted in the County of Meath of the
farm stocking of Mr. Christopher Morgan of Kentstown, and
at the auction there appeared upwards of twenty thousand
persons " to mark the bidders," but no bidder was to be found
among the whole assemblage. A sale was again attempted
a week or two afterwards, when there was the same assemblage,
and the same result. No disturbance whatever took place on
either occasion. The ministry, by the slowness of their
measures in the abolition of tithes and the repeal of the house
and window duties, are giving the people an opportunity of
perfecting themselves in the art of passive resistance an art

I7O HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

which is likely soon to become more effective in protecting the
people from unjust burdens than a reformed Parliament."

It does not fall within the province of this history
to discuss the question of tithes, whether they were
just or unjust ; nor have we to sit in judgment on the
rulers of those days, and decide whether they acted
wisely or with due regard to the rights of the people.
We have only to note that the time was one of great
suffering and privation to the clergy. Many of them
were reduced to the direst poverty, and so great was
the distress, that a sum of one million of money was
granted from the Treasury, first as a loan to the tithe
owners, and afterwards turned into a gift. Various
Acts of Parliament were passed, beginning with the
Tithe Composition Act in 1824, and ending with the Act
passed in 1838, which substituted a rent-charge for
the tithe formerly paid. This last Act brought the tithe
agitation to an end. By it the payment was transferred
from the occupier of the land to the owner, a reduction of
twenty-five per cent, being made at the same time,
as a reasonable allowance " for the greater facility
and security of collection arising out of such transfer
of liability from the occupiers to the owners of lands."
This, with some slight modifications, continued to be
the law as to the payment of tithe down to the time
of disestablishment.

The rural deans' returns at this period reveal to us
the fact that the diocese was fully organized and
efficiently administered. For that reason they lend
themselves less to quotation than do some others from
which extracts have been already given. The returns
for the year 1826 go into greater detail than most of
the others, and the account of the Parish of Athlone
may here be given, as a fair specimen of what they are

THE TITHE WAR 17 1

like. It speaks of progress and prosperity, but is not
exceptional in this respect. Of most parishes it was
possible to give an equally favourable account :

New church building, not yet fit for divine service. For the
Communion there is a cup and chalice, 1 two plates, one patten,
a knife and spoon, all silver. Two table cloths and two napkins,
one Bible, and three Prayer Books (the Bible in good order,
the Prayer Books in indifferent order) belong to the church.
The churchyard is well enclosed. No dead body has been
buried in church, or within twelve feet of walls, during
last year. Divine service is regularly performed on the Lord's
Day at noon and at seven o'clock in the afternoon, and on
every festival and holiday throughout the year, and on every
day in Passion Week. The minister and congregation are
punctual to the appointed hour. The average number of
congregation at present 300. The place used for divine service
being too small to contain the entire number of Protestants
in the parish, it is supposed when the church is finished the
average number may amount to 600. The Sacrament is
administered on the first Sunday of every month, and on
Christmas Day, Easter Sunday, and Whitsunday. The number
of communicants on Christmas Day last was 402 ; on Sundays
from 40 to 60. The number of congregation increasing. The
number of communicants doubled within the last four years.
The congregation are generally furnished with Prayer Books.
The number of families of the Established Church are increasing
very much. The children are catechized every Sunday, from
two to three o'clock, by the master, and on every Friday, by
the incumbent, at the school. They are also catechized every
Sunday at the Sunday School. The glebe-house and offices
are in excellent repair. The present incumbent has just
expended 600 in building a new range of offices. The glebe-
house is furnished and occupied by incumbent. A terrier
has been taken but not lodged. Cornelius Gallery has just
been appointed parish clerk ; he is well qualified. He is
schoolmaster also, is well qualified, discharges his duty
regularly, and attends church and the Sacrament constantly.
The number of children attending him from 100 to 120 in
summer ; in winter, from 70 to 90, some of whom pay from one
penny to two-pence per week. The late William Handcock,
Esq., left 20 per annum for the endowment of a Protestant

1 Chalice in this case means what we would call a flagon.

172 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

school-master, and the late Arthur St. George left 5 and a
house for ever to an English Protestant school-master, but
neither of these endowments are available for the above
purposes. There is a parochial school-house at present, and
one is to be built this summer by the incumbent, chiefly at his
own expense. There is a registry regularly kept in parchment,
and a copy annually lodged. There is a preachers' book
regularly kept. Baptism is administered in church on the
Lord's Day after divine service. The sick are diligently visited.
Matrimony is solemnized in church, and in canonical hours.
The vestry accounts are regularly settled in Easter week.
The number of Roman Catholic families supposed increasing.
No Protestant dissenters in the parish.

The same items of information are given with regard
to every parish, showing that they are answers to
specific questions. This fact shows us that the rural
deans' inspection was very thorough, and that the
bishop kept himself well acquainted with the state of
every parish in his diocese.

We have another source of information in the
reports of several Commissions, Royal and Parlia-
mentary, which were held during the episcopacy of
Bishop Alexander. They show that the work begun
by O'Beirne was carried on by him with vigour and
success. We may choose the Report of the Ecclesias-
tical Commission, 1833, as sufficiently far on in his
episcopate to show how the diocese fared under his
rule. It gives us the following summary account
of the duties performed in the churches by the several
incumbents :

In the ninety-nine churches in this diocese, divine service
is celebrated, in nine of them twice on all Sundays ; in forty-
three, twice on Sundays in summer and once in winter ; and
in forty-seven once on all Sundays during the year, exclusive
of the celebration of service in each on the principal festivals.
In six of these churches, viz. : Kells, Kilbride-Tullamore,
Mullingar, Navan, Rathgraffe, and Trim, there is one service

THE TITHE WAR 173

performed on all Wednesdays and Fridays ; and in Athlone
Church a service on every Friday. And the Sacrament of the
Holy Communion is celebrated monthly, and on the three
great festivals during the year in seven, fourteen times in one,
monthly in ten, twelve times in five, ten times in two, nine times
in one, eight times in five, seven times in three, every second
month in three, six times exclusive of festivals in one, six
times in forty-nine, five times in one, four times in ten, and
three times in one of these churches.

There were altogether one hundred and three
incumbents, of whom eighty-nine were residents
and fourteen non-resident. This shows that the evil
of non-residence, which had been so rife at the beginning
of the century, had practically ceased to exist, for
eight of the fourteen parishes in which the incumbent
was non-resident were districts small in extent, with
no church, and in most cases no church population.
Provision was made by payment to neighbouring
clergymen for^the performance of any occasional duty
that might arise. The other parishes in which the
incumbent was non-resident had a resident curate.
Altogether there were thirty-eight curates employed
in the diocese, which with the eighty-nine resident
incumbents, made a clerical staff of one hundred and
twenty-one. The church population of the diocese was
at that time about two and a half times what it is at
present, but even when we take this into account,
it must be admitted that abundant provision was made,
as far as the number of clergy was concerned, for the
spiritual wants of the people.

The net incomes of the clergy amounted in the
aggregate to 30,291, giving an average of nearly 300
a year. The incomes were, however, somewhat
unevenly divided. Thirty-five of the parishes had
less than 200 a year, and of these twenty-one had
less than 100. On the other hand, there were eleven

174 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

parishes of over 600 a year, and of these one had 800,
another 1,200, and another 1,800. The income of a
curate was generally about 75 a year.

The amount that had been spent on the building
of churches and glebe-houses, principally during the
episcopate of Bishop O'Beirne, was very considerable.
On the former about 80,000 had been expended, and
on the latter about 73,000. Of these payments for
glebes, 29,488 had been contributed by the clergy
themselves, besides 24,658 which had been granted
to them on loan, and which had to be repaid either by
themselves or their successors.

The total population of the Diocese of Meath in
1834 was 104,059. Of these, 25,626 were church people,
77,562 were Roman Catholics, 672 were Presbyterians,
and other dissenting bodies numbered 199. The
Presbyterians had churches in Enniskeen, Laracor, and
Mullingar. There were Quaker meeting houses in
Moate and Tullamore. The other Dissenters nearly all
attended church service, and most of them, especially
the Methodists both Primitive and Wesleyan called
themselves church people. The Primitive Methodist
meeting-house in the parish of Clara was made use
of by the incumbent at Christmas and Easter for the
administration of the Holy Communion to remote
parishioners. There were Wesleyan chapels in
Kingscourt, Clara, Banagher, Mullingar, Athlone,
Tullamore, Tyrrelspass, and Kilkenny West. The
Primitive Methodists had chapels at Oldcastle, Athlone,
Tullamore, and Clara. The Baptists had chapels at
Clara, Banagher, Athlone, and Rahue (in the parish of
Ardnurcher) .

Among the Acts of Parliament which were passed
affecting the church, the most important was the
Church Temporalities Act, which became law in 1833.

THE TITHE WAR 175

By this Act the number of Sees in Ireland was reduced.
There had been four archbishoprics since the time of
the Synod of Kells. Henceforth there were but two.
Ten bishoprics were suppressed, and the Sees united
to adjoining dioceses. Meath, however, was not
affected by this change, as it continued to retain its
separate existence. The money that was saved by this
reduction of the establishment was vested in the
Board of Ecclesiastical Commissioners, who applied
it to the building and repairing of churches, and to the
providing of requisites for divine service, thus
abolishing the assessments made by vestries for these
purposes. Under this Act, the so-called sinecure
parishes were abolished, and the emoluments of churches
in which no service had been held for three years prior
to the passing of the Act were handed over to the
commissioners. The only parishes in the Diocese of
Meath which were thus dealt with were Cruisetown,
Ballygarth, Staholmac, Moymet, and Innismot, the
combined incomes amounted to 475 a year, and out of
this a payment of 83 a year was made to neighbouring
clergy for the performance of the duty.

One other event is worthy of mention in connection
with the period of which we are now treating, namely,
the establishment of the Board of National Education.
This took place in the year 1831. Like nearly all
the measures passed at that time, the concession was
made in response to agitation. Before the establish-
ment of the National Board, the work of education was
carried on by the Kildare Place Society, to which a
yearly grant was given by the government. At first
it was a rule of the society that the Scriptures should
be read daily by all the children, and for many years
no objection was made to this, as no comment was
permitted, and all attempts at proselytism were

176 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

prohibited. After a time the system was attacked by
the Roman Catholic clergy, and in 1826 their bishops
put forth a manifesto, which claimed the right of
directing the education of their own children. From
that time an agitation was kept up, and in the end the
National Board was established as a kind of compromise.
It did not give all that the prelates had demanded,
but it established the principle that the State was to
concern itself only with the secular instruction of the
children, leaving the clergymen of the different churches
to make their own arrangements as to religious teaching.
The expectation was that in the schools to be established,
all creeds would meet together for the ordinary work,
a separation being made only when the time for
religious instruction arrived. As the system is now
carried out, this intention of the founders has not been
realized. For the most part our National Schools are
altogether denominational, though safeguards exist
to prevent their being used for proselytising purposes.
In the beginning, however, something more than this
was attempted, and an effort was made to unite all
parties, in the hope that the ultimate results would be
to break down much of the bigotry and sectarianism
which unhappily has always prevailed in our land. The
system did not commend itself to the clergy of the
Church as a body. They were strong evangelicals,
who felt that they had a duty to do something for the
conversion of the Romanists by whom they were
surrounded, and there was always the possibility that
a Roman Catholic here and there might be attracted
to their schools. Besides this, they regarded the
reading of Scripture as the foundation on which all
education should be based, and they objected to any
school in which the Bible was a closed book for the
greater part of the day. The controversy on the subject

THE TITHE WAR 177

was long and bitter, and has only died down within
our own time. In Meath there was less excitement
than in other parts of the country. Her bishops and
some of her leading clergy were found among the
supporters of the new system, but they were not able
to carry with them the general body of the clergy,
and it is only within a comparatively recent time that
the National Board school has been accepted in the
majority of our parishes.

VOL. H. N

CHAPTER XXXVII.

MIDDLE OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.

WHEN the anti-tithe agitation came to an end, Meath
entered upon a period of rest and quietness concerning
which there is comparatively little to record. We
must remember, however, that those times which
provide the most abundant materials for the historian
are by no means the times when the greatest progress
is being made. If, therefore, we have little to say about
the middle period of the nineteenth century, it is because
work was being steadily carried on, and the Church went
on her way, quietly fulfilling the great mission with
which she had been entrusted by the Divine Master.
Agitation did not come to an end, but it was diverted
into a more purely political channel, and the Repeal
of the Union became the popular cry. Some of
O'Connell's greatest mass meetings were held within
the bounds of the diocese, but their object did not
concern itself in any way with the affairs of the Church,
and therefore may be left out of view in our present
enquiry.

Bishop Alexander died on the twenty-first of
October, 1840, after a protracted illness, having pre-
sided over the See of Meath for a period of seventeen
years. He was succeeded by Doctor Charles Dickenson,
who was at that time a well known and popular Dublin
clergyman. His father had come originally from
Cumberland, but was settled in the County Cork, where

MIDDLE OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY 179

Charles Dickenson was born in 1792, being the youngest
but one, of sixteen children. At the early age of fifteen
years he took a scholarship in Trinity College, and on
the completion of his undergraduate course he began
to read for a fellowship. He soon gave up the idea,
however, for he became engaged to be married, and
taking Holy Orders, he was appointed to the curacy
of Castleknock. Shortly afterwards he was appointed
to the assistant chaplaincy of the Magdalen Asylum,
Dublin, and when the Reverend James Dunne, in the
following year, resigned the chaplaincy of that
institution, Dickenson was elected as his successor.
He became one of the intimate friends of Archbishop
Whately, and was appointed one of his chaplains. He
is said to have been " a man of extremely winning aspect
and address, and particularly accessible to the clergy
on all matters of counsel or business."

While the See was still vacant Doctor Dickenson
wrote to his sister a letter which reveals something
of the character of the man. He discusses the
appointment to Meath, and says : " It is gossiped
among the Castle people that I am to be the person m
I do not myself think it, and I am perfectly calm about
it. It is an office I should fear to wish for, and I
am sure the matter will be controlled by the Highest
Wisdom. Many are putting forth political interest
to secure the appointment, and I am putting forth
nothing at all. My course has been adopted without
any reference to my own advancement, and it shall
not be changed either by being appointed or over-
looked." '

Doctor Dickenson's episcopate was very short.
He was consecrated on the twenty-seventh of December,
1840, and he died on the eleventh of July, 1842.

1 Memoir of Bishop Dickinson.

l8o HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

The following obituary notice of him appeared in
the Annual Register for 1843 :

July nth, 1842, at his palace, Ardbraccan, in his fiftieth
year, the Right Honourable and Right Reverend Charles
Dickenson, D.D., Lord Bishop of Meath, and a Privy Councillor,
Doctor Dickenson's appointment to the See of Meath was one
of the latest made by the Whig Government in Ireland.
It was the spontaneous and unsolicited act of Lords Fortescue
and Morpeth, and was applauded by men of all parties. The
Irish papers most opposed to him in politics congratulated the
ministers on having made so good a selection. The letters
subsequently collected, and published under the title of " The
Bishop," were addressed to Doctor Dickenson at the time of
his appointment. They were, as they professed to be, the
production of a layman, but the materials were supplied by
one of the highest authorities in the church. The Bishop of
Meath was a zealous advocate of National Education, and every
measure calculated to promote the genuine principles of both
civil and religious freedom. He took a lively interest in the
Oxford Tract controversy. He prepared, just before his
death, a charge in which he traced the coincidence between
the Tractarians and the Transcendentalists. It was to have
been delivered on the very day he died.

The vacancy caused by the early demise of Bishop
Dickenson was filled by the appointment of Edward
Adderly Stopford, LL.D., Archdeacon of Armagh.
The following account of him is given by the Reverend
Doctor Brooke, in his Recollections of the Irish Church.
He says :

The Rev. Edward Adderly Stopford, Archdeacon of
Armagh, was of a noble family. His father was son to the
Bishop of Cloyne,who had married his own first cousin, Anne,
daughter of James Stopford, first Earl of Courtown. But
Edward Stopford owed his preferment to no influence of
position, nor to any interest whatsoever exerted on his behalf,
but simply to his being known as a most learned ecclesiastical
lawyer, and well suited to manage Church affairs in her
Majesty's Privy Council ; and this estimate of him he after-
wards fully justified, by his wise diligence in the breaking up

MIDDLE OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY l8l

of many of the large parish unions still remaining in the Irish
Church ; to this he directed much of his attention as a Privy
Councillor. He had before this proved himself a good and
sound divine by his book On the Sabbath, a work too good to
be so little known, yet valued and read by not a few. He was
a pleasant and agreeable companion, fond of wit and literature,
though not having time to cultivate the latter.

It was about this time that the Protestant Orphan
Society was founded. The Westmeath Society was
established in the year 1840, in the last year of the
episcopate of Bishop Alexander. The Meath Society
dates . from 1844, and was established under the
auspices of Bishop Stopford. Before this time the
Dublin Society undertook the care of orphans sent up
from the Diocese of Meath, and there was, besides,
a small local society at Athboy. As in other similar
societies through the country, the boarding-out system
was adopted, and with the happiest results. Close
on a thousand orphans have from time to time been
cared for, and with few exceptions have been in every
way a credit to the institution that befriended them.
We have, in the present day, a multiplicity of
organizations that were not thought of when the
the Protestant Orphan Society was founded, but for
economy of management and efficiency of administra-
tion it is still without a rival.

The resources of the Orphan Society were soon
taxed to the utmost, for times of great destitution and
suffering were at hand. It is true that Meath to a
large extent escaped the horrors of famine, which were
so terrible in other parts of the country, but she had
her share in the pestilence by which so many children
were left fatherless, and without any provision for
their sustenance. Then, too, began that process of
depopulation by emigration which has continued
without intermission to the present day, and gives to

182 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

so many parishes the disheartening experience of a
dwindling roll of church membership. It is to be
hoped that the turning point will soon be reached,
and that some new development, such as the establish-
ment of industries other than those of pasturage and
agriculture, may bring back the people to as fair
and fruitful a spot as is to be found in all God's earth.

The only ecclesiastical event which we have to
chronicle in this period is the suspension of the Deanery
of Clonmacnoise, which was decreed by act of Council
on the twentieth of May, 1847. A memorial was
immediately presented by the bishop, praying that
such suspension should be removed, and in answer to
this petition the Council acceded to the request,
restoring the dignity before the close of the same year.
But the emoluments of the office were no longer paid
to the dean. They were transferred to the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners, and the deanery continued to be an
unpaid office until the year 1882, when the synod,
on the recommendation of the diocesan council, agreed
to award a salary of 100 a year to the holder of that
dignity.

Doctor Brooke, whose Recollections have been
already quoted, gives some interesting details about
several of the clergy who served under Bishop Stopford.
The extract is somewhat long, but it will be interesting
to the reader :

At the bishop's house of Ardbraccan I twice met Miss
Maria Edgeworth, my father's and my grandfather's friend,
and here, too, I met his clergy, the most remarkable of whom
was Edward A. Stopford, his second son, and the archdeacon
of the diocese. He, indeed, was no common man ; possessing
an intellect keen even to subtility, and capable of meeting
and solving almost any intellectual difficulty; he yet exhibited
in his manner and address the kindness and simplicity of a
Christian gentleman, and was ever accessible for counsel,

MIDDLE OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY 183

support, or help, to every^clergyman of his father's large
diocese. Like the bishop, deeply read in black-letter lore
and Church law, he was on these matters, an oracle to the
Church, only, unlike that of Delphi, he never returned
doubtful answers.

Inscius spargcre voces ambiguas.

He had, above any man I ever met, the power of putting
much matter into small space, and that clearly and intelligently ;
he was singularly happy in meeting and conquering infidelity
in individual cases. He was a gentle, but most powerful
controversialist, and his papers on Romish error in The Catholic
Layman, as I have said before, are as masterly as they are
incontrovertible.

Added to these qualities, he was a good mechanic, he could
make anything out of wood or iron ; had built steam carriages,
and bound his own folios in a workmanlike fashion, which
a London bookseller would not disown.

I knew him well for forty years, and knew him best and
loved him most when I was permitted to minister to him as
a dying man ; then it was he realized the humbling con-
victions, yet exalting comforts, of that Gospel he had ever
preached. He said, " The fifty-first Psalm is my vadc mecum,"
and he died with a meek faith in a loving and redeeming
Saviour.

In Meath there had been a body of excellent clergymen,
some still living, among whom is my valued friend and fellow-
student in old Trinity, Robert Hedges Dunne, one whose long
consistency in a sound Christian course has been as steadfast
as his own stalwart form and stout heart. There is also John
F. Battersby, whose living is near Mullingar, a man who
often taught my people from my Kingstown pulpit ; Doctor
Walshe, one whose physical and professional vigour seems
to grow with his advance of years ; and others whom I knew
less, but equally esteemed.

Among those whom we all had to grieve for, was the late
John Lever, Rector of Tullamore. He was brother to Charles
Lever the Lorrequer of light literature and had much of
the fraternal genius ; short in stature, and ruddy in com-
plexion like King David ; he had quick sparkling eyes, and a
protruding forehead actually knobbed with bumps of in-
tellectuality. Like his brother, whom I also knew well, he
was animated in manner and rapid in speech ; he was as a

184 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

preacher thoughtfully evangelical, using no manuscript or
note, and his discourses were solid, grave, and teaching, and
such as one would not expect to hear from one so particularly
lively in manner. Joseph Daly, Rector of Ferbane, was a
remarkable minister ; he has been greeted at the clerical
meetings, when the clergy sat together over their Bibles, as
the " Diocesan Concordance." A Latin Father has said,
Bonus textuarius, bonus theologus, and this could well apply
to Daly, for his extemporary sermons were full of Scripture,
not only accurately quoted, but also the chapter and verse
faithfully rendered, a wonderful act of a powerful abstract
memory. One more I must speak of, a loved friend, the
Reverend Charles Bayly, who died as Vicar of Trim ; he was
a singularly popular man with clergy as well as laity, and
perhaps had more culture and reading than most evangelical
ministers the weak point in the body being more or less
an inclination to ignore literature and despise art, forgetting
that these are the good Lord's gifts to refine and adorn our
poor fallen nature, and, like His common bestowments of
music and of sunlight, to refresh and cheer us in our pilgrimage
along the wastes of life.

Nor must I forget my dear friend and kinsman, the
Reverend Coote Charles Mulloy, who for many years ministered
in Meath. Esteemed a good clergyman, possessing a most
accomplished mind, and a spirit much like the blessed Saint
John's for gentleness and forethought ; and yet this person,
perhaps the meekest man in the diocese, when historically
considered, presents a curious anomaly. For he is the
representative of the O 'Mulloy chieftaincy, one of the oldest,
if not the oldest, Milesian families in Ireland. He is also
Standard Bearer to the King of Ireland, by royal appointment
of an ancestor in 1680. His ancient Celtic motto (which the
good man has suppressed) breathes of rapine and slaughter,
and he can look back along his line of twelve hundred years
to a pedigree of fighting warriors. Yet this gentlest of men
and of ministers has been all his life preaching nothing but the
gospel of peace and of love, and exemplifying the same in
his person, his parish, and his household. Mr. Mulloy married
the eldest daughter of Doctor Stopford, Bishop of Meath ;
another daughter, a most intellectual and accomplished lady,
is the wife of Richard Nugent, Esq., of London. Mrs. Nugent,
when Miss Stopford, exerted herself during the Irish famine
in 1845, and was eulogized for the same by name in an eloquent

MIDDLE OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY 185

speech made by Lord George Bentinck in the House of
Commons.

The colloquial style of this extract does not detract
from the vividness of the portraiture, and we may
fairly gather from it that the clergy of Meath in the
forties and fifties were men of culture and piety ; some
of them good preachers and able scholars, and devoted
to the work of the ministry which they had undertaken.
It may be well to add that the Richard Nugent to
whom Doctor Brooke refers, established the " Irish
Church Sustentation Fund " in London, and acted as
Honorary Secretary of that fund until his death. His
place is now efficiently filled by his daughters, grand-
daughters of Bishop Stopford, and by their exertions
a very substantial sum is contributed every year for
the help of poor and struggling parishes in the West
of Ireland.

Bishop Stopford died on the seventeenth of
September, 1849. His successor was not appointed
until September in the following year. The choice
of the government this time fell on Thomas Stuart
Townsend, Dean of Waterford. He survived his
elevation for only twelve months, and shortly before
his death had gone abroad for the benefit of his health.
It may, therefore, be said of him that he had scarcely
taken possession of his See before he was called away.
The following obituary of him appeared in the Annual
Register for 1852 :

September i6th, 1851. At Malaga, aged fifty-one, the
Most Reverend and Right Honourable Thomas Stuart Town-
send, D.D., Lord Bishop of Meath, a Privy Councillor of Ireland,
a Commissioner of National Education, and an Ecclesiastical
Commissioner for Ireland ; eldest son of Thomas Townsend,
Esq., B.L., who was M.P., for Belturbet in the last Irish
Parliament. Educated at Winchester and at T.C.D. ; Rector

l86 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

of Burnchurch, County Kilkenny. In acknowledgment of
his strenuous support of the National Education scheme,
and generally of the policy of the Earl of Clarendon, he was
promoted to the Deanery of Lismore in October, 1849 ; to that
of Waterford in August, 1850 ; and in September following
to the Sec of Meath. A Roman Catholic journal says : " The
Bishop of Meath was the consistent, disinterested, and warm
advocate of the National School system of education. His
lordship's advocacy was not induced by an anxiety to create
a self interest, or to establish a foundation for government
patronage, but with a view to the amelioration of the rising
classes of his fellow countrymen. He laboured from conviction,
and his labours were attended with success. Prior to Doctor
Townsend's promotion to the See of Meath, he discharged the
duties of a pastor with a zeal, kindness, and consideration
adequate to the responsible position he occupied. Kind and
benevolent to the needy, courteous and affable to all who came
within the sphere of his sacred duties, he departed this life
after arriving at the height of his calling as a minister of God."
The bishop married in 1828 the second daughter of Charles
Spread, Esq., of Landsdowne Lodge, County Kerry, and has
left a numerous family.

Bishop Townsend was succeeded in the following
year by Doctor Joseph Henderson Singer. He was
the son of James Singer, Esq., Deputy Commissary
General to the Forces in Ireland, and was born in
1786. He had a brilliant career in Trinity College,
where he took his M.A. degree in 1810, and in the same
year he gained a fellowship. He was appointed
Regius Professor of Divinity in 1850, became Arch-
deacon of Raphoe in 1851, and was consecrated to the
See of Meath in 1852. Brooke says of him that he
" was a man of universal and accurate information,
possessing very polished manners, and a kind and
winning address. He was a prodigious reader, not
even despising the lighter literature of the day, which
he swallowed, but probably did not care to digest ;
a steady preacher of evangelical truth, and a bold

MIDDLE OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY 187

upholder of Scriptural education." This last sentence
implies that he supported the Church Education Society,
in opposition to the National Board. In the appoint-
ments of Bishops Dickenson, Stopford, and Townsend,
much weight was given to the fact that, in opposition
to the great body of the clergy, they supported the
National Board. If the Whig ministry had remained
in power, doubtless the same considerations would
have swayed them in appointing to the vacant See,
but just at this juncture there was a change of ministry
and it was under the auspices of the Conservatives
that he was chosen to be the new bishop.

This controversy on the subject of education
constituted, one might say, the one topic for discussion
just at this time. On the one side was a small but
influential party which was in favour of the govern-
ment plan. On the other side was the great bulk
alike of clergy and laity, who saw in the National Board
system a concession to Roman Catholicism, and
disliked it accordingly. In 1845 nine of the bishops
issued a manifesto, which set forth the position taken
by the supporters of the Church Education Society,
which was a counter organization, intended to compete
with the State schools. In it their lordships say :

When the government first announced its determination
that this system should supersede those to which the State had
before given support, it was generally opposed by the clergy
and laity of our Church. The grounds on which this opposition
was made to rest were various. The undue prominence given
to secular, to the depreciation of religious instruction the
disregard shown to the position and claims of the clergy of the
Established Church, tending to throw the direction of national
education into the hands of the priesthood of the Church of
Rome and other defects and evils, both of the system itself
and of the machinery by which it was to be worked, were urged
as grave objections against the proposed plan of education.
While its opponents differed as to the importance which was

188 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

to be assigned to some of these objections, there was one upon
the paramount importance of which all were agreed. The rule
by which the Holy Scriptures were to be excluded from the
schools during the hours of general instruction, was treated
by all as so fundamentally objectionable, that while this
should continue to be the principle of the system, they could
not conscientiously connect their schools with it, even though
all the other grounds of opposition were taken away.

In the former societies for the education of the poor, with
which the clergy were connected, they had, in accommodation
to the unhappy divisions of the country, consented to forbear
from any attempt to teach the formularies of our Church to
the children of dissenters, Protestant or Roman Catholic, who
attended the schools of which they had the superintendence.
But they did not judge themselves at liberty so to deal with
the Word of God. There was in every school a Bible class,
and in every school to read the Bible was a part of the daily
business ; and all the children in attendance, of whatever
religious communion, took their places in this class, as soon
as" their proficiency enabled them to profit by the reading of
the Holy Scriptures. But the distinction of the new system
was, that it placed the Bible under the same rule with books of
peculiar instruction in religion, and excluded it with them
from the hours of general education. And, moreover, this great
change was avowedly made as a concession to the unlawful
authority by which the Church of Rome withholds the Holy
Scriptures from its members.

Such was the state of the controversy when Doctor
Singer became Bishop of Meath. Archdeacon Stopford
was at this time, in many ways, the leading clergyman
in the diocese, and was, like his father the bishop,
a warm supporter of the National Board. He had
established a National School in his own parish of Kells,
but he had not been able to induce many of the clergy
to follow his example. For the most part the parish
schoolmasters combined with their duties those of
parish clerk, and in this double capacity received
salaries which seldom exceeded twenty pounds a year.
The schools were small, and there was no scheme of
efficient inspection. In 1856 he put forth a proposal

MIDDLE OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY 189

which was intended to unite the discordant elements.
He suggested that the National Board should take
over all these schools, allowing them to retain their
denominational character, but only concerning itself
with the secular instruction which they provided.
As a necessary corollary to this, he advocated that the
Christian Brothers' schools should also be included. 2
For the time, his suggestions fell on deaf ears ; but
in the end the lines which he sketched out were
those on which the education difficulty was solved.

Another controversy which attracted an amount
of attention scarcely intelligible to us in the present
day was about the use of the black gown in the pulpit.
As far as our records inform us, it would seem that
the gown as a preaching vestment only appeared in
Meath in the early years of the nineteenth century,
probably under the influence of Bishop O'Beirne,
though it is in the episcopate of his successor that we
have the first mention of it. The gown may have
been in use before that time, but if so, no record has
been preserved. During the time of the Tractarian
movement in England, the use of the surplice in the
pulpit began to be the badge of a party. In Ireland,
however, it was never altogether regarded in that
way. In Meath an extraordinary use was introduced
by Bishop Stopford, and continued in some places until
a period within living memory. He advised those
who wished to preach in a black gown to wear it under
the surplice. When the time for the sermon came,
the clergyman slipped off the outer vestment, without
retiring to the vestry, making the change, as the bishop
puts it, " unobservedly and speedily."

Shortly after Bishop Singer's appointment there
were efforts made in some parts of the diocese to

a MS. in Diocesan Registry.

HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

reach the Roman Catholics, by means of Scripture
readers and colporteurs. It does not appear whether
this was done under episcopal sanction, nor, indeed,
can we say if the bishop was consulted on the subject.
The leading spirit seems to have been Archdeacon
Stopford, who was a warm supporter of the Irish
Church Missions, and himself a very able contro-
versialist. In his own parish he introduced three
readers, who went about selling Douay Bibles, and
endeavouring to enter into religious conversation
with the people. The immediate result was not very
happy, as there was some rioting, and the whole place
was for a time in the greatest ferment. Some of the
ringleaders soon found themselves in prison, and this,
it need hardly be said, did not tend to promote peace.
Nevertheless it resulted in the establishment of the
Meath Colportage Society, which continued a useful
though not very ostentatious work until it was merged
in a larger organization which embraces the whole of
Ireland. The Roman Catholics, on their part, though
they met Protestant controversialists with " stones
and mud and shouts and filthy songs," did not hesitate
to introduce preachers who attacked the doctrines of
the Church, and argued against the principles of the
Reformation. It tells something of the intrepidity
and vigour of Archdeacon Stopford, to know that on
that occasion he himself attended the services at which
these missioners preached. He went in full canonicals,
sat in the foremost seat, and made it known that he
was ready to present the other side of the argument
in his own church. It is said that a number of the
leading Roman Catholics of the town accepted his
invitation, though history does not relate that any of
them went away convinced.

These controversial methods have grown out of

MIDDLE OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

favour in our days, and perhaps we are right in thinking
that they consisted too much in destructive criticism,
and that those who spent their energies in the confuting
of error were apt to present a mere negative creed,
and in this made a great mistake. At the same time
we should not forget that this controversy, and the
desire that it showed of reaching the masses around,
was a sign of life and vigour ; and we do well to re-
member that it is true of churches as it is of individuals,
that it is not those who make the fewest mistakes
who do the most good.

Towards the close of the fifties there occurred
in the north of Ireland a remarkable religious movement,
known as the " Great Revival." It was attended
with great excitement and many extravagances. As
far as can be ascertained none of these extravagant
developments reached the Diocese of Meath, but the
wave of religious fervour was felt, and alike among
clergy and laity there was an earnestness and devotion
that spoke of a real work of God. Bishop Singer
himself took the lead in the movement, and established
a prayer-meeting at his Palace at Ardbraccan on
Friday afternoons, and again at seven in the evening.
Others of the clergy followed the lead that was thus
given. Archdeacon Stopford had meetings in his
own house, as well as special services in the church.
The bishop's son, the Reverend Aemelius Singer, had
a weekly prayer-meeting at Stackallen. Similar
meetings were held by the Reverend Henry Brougham
at Moynalty, the Reverend Frederick Trench at
Newtown, and by many other clergymen in the Diocese
of Meath.

Bishop Singer died on the nineteenth of July, 1866,
in the eightieth year of his age, and in the fourteenth
year of his episcopate. On the twentieth of the

HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

October following, Samuel Butcher, D.D., Regius
Professor of Divinity, T.C.D., was consecrated in the
College Chapel to the vacant See. The sermon on
that occasion was preached by the Reverend Doctor
Salmon. The episcopate of the new bishop was
destined to be a time of trial and difficulty. Now
that it has passed into history we may thankfully
acknowledge that it was also a time when devotion
to the Church was conspicuously manifested. As for
the bishop, he displayed statesmanlike qualities of
which we might never have known if the occasion
had not called them forth ; and the people of whom
he had the oversight gathered loyally around him,
strengthening his hands, and all working together
enthusiastically to ensure the welfare of the Church
under the new conditions in which she was soon to be
placed.

CHAPTER XXXVIII.

THE EVE OF DISESTABLISHMENT.

THE census of 1861 was the first which gave accurate
information as to the religious profession of the people
of Ireland. An attempt had been made in 1834 to
give the relative numbers of the different churches,
but it was imperfectly carried out, while in the census
of 1841, and again in that of 1851, no return was given
of religious beliefs. When the results of the 1861
census were published, it appeared that out of a
population of 5,798,967, there were 4,505,265 Roman
Catholics, and therefore that this church claimed the
great majority of the people. The Established Church
numbered only 693,357, and the Presbyterians 523,291,
the remainder being made up of various dissenting
bodies and Jews. Almost immediately an agitation
was set on foot for the Disestablishment of the Church,
the argument naturally being that it embraced within
its fold only a small section of the community. The
movement, however, did not rouse much enthusiasm
in Ireland, and in connection with it there were none
of those stirring scenes and popular demonstrations
which characterized the anti-tithe agitation, the
demand for Catholic emancipation, or the movement
for the repeal of the Union. The general opinion,
therefore, was that the time was far distant when it
would come within the sphere of practical politics.
Those were the days of the Fenian organization, and
the agitators who favoured more peaceful methods
were regarded as half-hearted by the populace. Perhaps

VOL. II. O

IQ4 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

that was one reason why the disendowment of the
Church never became a great party cry in Ireland ;
and of course mother reason was that while the Church
establishment remained it furnished a most convenient
lever when concessions for the Roman Catholics had
to be extorted from the British Parliament.

The movement for the disendowment of the Church
came almost entirely from England. The two parties
in the State were at that time so evenly balanced,
that neither had a working majority. Both parties
were also very much disorganized, and this was
especially the case with the Radicals, who were eagerly
looking round for a policy which would unite all the
heterogeneous elements of which that body was
composed. The ebullition of disaffection in Ireland
seemed to show that some remedial legislation was
sorely needed, and this conclusion was brought home
to the English people in an unexpected way by outrages
perpetrated in their very midst. The Liberation
Society saw in the crisis an opportunity for advancing
their own principles, and at the same time furnishing
a rallying cry for the Liberal party. No one knew
better than Mr. Gladstone how to use an opportunity
such as this, and he was not slow to avail himself of it.
In the course of a debate, on the motion of Mr. J. F.
Maguire to appoint a committee to consider the
condition of Ireland, Mr. Gladstone announced that he
was opposed to the continuance of the Church establish-
ment in Ireland, and shortly afterwards he introduced
a series of resolutions on the subject, when he obtained
such majorities that the Conservative ministry was
forced to resign.

How unexpected all this was, is shown from the fact
that at the very time when these resolutions were being
discussed, a Royal Commission was preparing its

THE EVE OF DISESTABLISHMENT

report on the state of the Church, with the idea of
suggesting legislation which would provide for a better
disposal of its revenues. This Commission had been
appointed in 1867, and was directed to " enquire and
report as to the several archbishoprics, bishoprics,
dignities and benefices, and as to the revenues belonging
to the same ; and also as to the several united and
separate parishes and parochial districts in Ireland,
and the number of members of the Established Church
of England and Ireland inhabiting them ; and also
as to the property vested in the Ecclesiastical Com-
missioners for Ireland, and the administration of the
same ; and to enquire and report whether alterations
and improvements should be made in the management,
administration, and distribution of the revenues and
property, or in the state and condition of the several
offices, dignities, corporations, and benefices." *

The report which this Commission presented, though
Mr. Gladstone's legislation had rendered it obsolete
before it was issued, is interesting and instructive,
both from the information which it gives, and from
the recommendations which it makes. It contains
a detailed account of each diocese, given parish by
parish, and sets down the church population, extent, and
income, together with the amount of the various out-
goings, so that the net revenue in each case is accurately
stated. The following summary, published in the
appendix to the report, gives the statistics for Meath,
as summarized by Archdeacon Stopford :

From a Map and Statement of the Diocese of Meath,
carefully prepared by me from the Ordnance Survey, Stack-
poole's Returns, and the Diocesan Registry, it appears

(i) That the Diocese of Meath contains about 1,186,840
statute acres, equal to about 1,855 square miles.

1 Report of the Established Church (Ireland) Commission, 1868.

196 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

(2) That 104 benefices are filled.

(3) That the net income of these benefices, omitting the
lands of the archdeaconry, is 24,051 2s. 7d.

(4) That the number of the members of the Church is
16,289. Hence it follows that

(a) The average area of a benefice is eighteen square
miles.

(b) The average net income is about 231 55.

(c) The average church population is over 156.
Considering that the average of a rural parish in England

is five square miles ; the average population 387 ; and of
income, 285 ; and considering the great increase of labour
and expense incurred in visiting a congregation scattered over
a district three and a half times as large, the comparison is not
unfavourable.

But averages tend to conceal evils, and leave opens for
attack ; and the Diocese of Meath does greatly need revision
of its arrangement.

He goes on to say that the area of benefices in Meath
varies from two and a half to one hundred and twenty-
eight square miles, adding, " Our present system is
vicious alike in the size and boundaries of parishes ;
and most of what are called the abuses in the Church
arise from defect in the remedy which the law has
provided." The Church population, he says, varies
from five in one parish to seven hundred and eight
in another. Six benefices have less than twenty
church members ; fourteen others have less than fifty.
The incomes of the benefices vary from 19 los. to
996 175. 9d. Fifteen are under 100. He then
makes various proposals for re-arrangement, suggesting
that the number of benefices should be reduced to
eighty-one, and providing for them incomes that vary
from 200 to 576.

The commissioners recommended some very drastic
changes, and amongst their proposals was the sup-
pression of Meath as a distinct See. They suggested
that it should be united to Dublin, and that Dublin itself

THE EVE OF DISESTABLISHMENT

should no longer be an archbishopric at least, a
majority of the Commission thought so but, in
recognition of its former position, and because the
capital of the country was situated within its bounds,
they proposed that it should have precedence over
every other bishopric in Ireland. However, as we
have seen, before the report was presented to
Parliament, it had been decreed that an appeal must
be made to the electorate to decide whether the con-
nection between Church and State in Ireland was
any longer to be preserved.

On the twenty-third of March, 1868, Mr. Gladstone
introduced his resolutions in favour of disendowment,
and the debate on these resolutions began a week
later. The first of them was carried on the first of
May, and four days later Mr. Disraeli announced the
intention of the government to resign and appeal to the
country. The dissolution did not, however, take
place until the eleventh of November following. Every
exertion was made to avert the disaster, but in vain.
On the second of December Mr. Gladstone was
entrusted with the seals of office, and had at his back
a majority of the House of Commons, pledged to assist
him in the work of destruction. He lost no time
in introducing his Bill. It was presented to the House
on the first of March, 1869.

There was a rumour at the time that Archdeacon
Stopford helped Mr. Gladstone in the drafting of the
Bill, and considerable indignation was expressed at
what was considered an act of perfidy on the part of the
Archdeacon of Meath. The truth, however, was
merely that the archdeacon made some suggestions
to Mr. Gladstone, which that statesman discussed
with him, and in some measure adopted, the object

ig8 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

being to make the Bill as little detrimental as possible to
the interests of the Church. The following letter,
addressed by the archdeacon to the Daily Express,
explains the part he took in this matter :

To THE EDITOR OF THE Daily Express,

SIR, I have seen in your paper of this date that a rumour
has been in circulation that the government had made
overtures to me to assist them in the preparation of a Hill for
the disestablishment and disendowment of the Church of
Ireland.

I beg to say in reply, that the government has not made
any overtures to me on this or on any other subject.

Opposed on principle, as I am, to disestablishment, I yet
see that the battle will be fought on a Bill. I desire to see the
issue taken on intelligible grounds. I think a party fight on
mere mistakes would not serve the interests of the Church.
Knowing that other parties are working hard to have the Bill
drawn as hostile as possible to the future efficiency of the
Church, and knowing too that nothing is being done on our
side to counteract them, I have made representations to the
government that they should abstain from needless injury
to the Church. Of the result, I, of course, know nothing.
But I have the satisfaction of knowing that wise and able
men, who do not see their way to join with me at present, are
yet disposed to hope that even from such humble efforts some
good may arise in the future.

I believe that Mr. Gladstone is sincerely desirous to do th
Church as little injury, and to leave it as efficient for spiritual
work, as political circumstances will permit. Others are
striving for the extinction of a Reformed Church. I think our
duty is to leave no means unused to secure the efficiency of the
Church in the future ; and to this I strictly confine myself.
Your obedient servant,

EDWARD A. STOPFORD

Archdeacon of Meath.

The Bill was still under discussion in Parliament
when the Easter vestries met, and at most of them

THE EVE OF DISESTABLISHMENT

resolutions were passed protesting against dis-
establishment. By direction of the bishop, delegates
were elected at these meetings to a diocesan conference
which he had summoned. This conference met at
Navan on Wednesday, the thirty-first of March, 1869.
The large attendance, both of clergy and laity, showed
how great was the interest that the question had
excited. It is interesting to note that amongst the
clergy present there were two at least who had openly
declared themselves as being in favour of Mr.
Gladstone's Bill. One was the Reverend Frederick
Trench, Rector of Newtown, who had published a
pamphlet on the subject. A short time previously he
had been present at the annual meeting of the Kells
Young Men's Christian Association, and was met with
such tokens of hostility from the people assembled,
that he had to quit the room. 2 The other was the
Reverend Doctor Brady, Vicar of Donaghpatrick,
who shortly afterwards, having commuted and com-
pounded, seceded to the Church of Rome, and ended
his days as one of the Pope's chamberlains at the
Vatican.

The bishop presided at the meeting, and the first
resolution was proposed by Lord Dunsany, and
seconded by Archdeacon Stopford, as follows :

That this meeting protests against the measure for the
disestablishment and disendowment of the Irish branch of
the United Church now before Parliament, as destroying the
religious character of the State, and alienating from the direct
service of God property solemnly devoted to Him ; and also
as an enormous injustice to the members of the Irish branch
of the Reformed Church, from which there will be thus
withdrawn that provision for the ministry of the pure Word
of God, and of His Sacraments, which, by compacts that
ought to be most binding, had been assured to them.

1 Report of Meeting in the Mcath Herald.

200 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

This was followed by another resolution, proposed
by Major Dalton, and seconded by the Reverend C. J.
Bayly, Vicar of Trim :

That this meeting further protests against the government
measure, as containing, apart from the primary wrong, a
multitude of secondary injustices, and as calculated to oppose
great hindrance to the future working of the Irish Church. 3

It was scarcely to be expected that resolutions
like these would influence in any way the minds of the
senators who were debating the subject at Westminster.
Two months later the Bill had passed its third reading
by an overwhelming majority. There was still a hope
that the House of Lords would come to the rescue and
throw out the Bill. But this hope also proved to be
vain. On the twelfth of July a day which suggested
very different memories the peers read the Bill a third
time, and shortly afterwards it received the royal
assent, and became the law of the land.

The time was one of great anxiety and of no little
foreboding. It was, however, a good omen that in
the midst of all their troubles the churchmen of Meath,
so far from being disheartened as to the future, were
actually inaugurating a new organization, which was
to have for its object the improvement of church music.
It was in the week before the Church Bill was intro-
duced that the first annual meeting was held of the
Meath Church Choral Association. The first Choral
Festival had been held in Athboy in December, 1867.
After it, the Choral Association was formed, and the
first festival under its auspices was held at Kells,
when the church was re-opened after renovation, on
the fifth of August, 1868. The following extract
from the report will be read with interest :

At the end of the first year since the Meath Church Choral

3 Report of Meeting in the Meatk Herald.

THE EVE OF DISESTABLISHMENT 2OI

Association assumed its present form, the committee have
much reason to congratulate the members and friends of the
association on the success which has attended it. Already
the example set by Meath has led to the formation of a similar
association in Westmeath, and from enquiries which have
been addressed to the secretaries as to the rules and working
of our association, we have reason to believe that like
movements are in contemplation elsewhere. At the Kells
Festival all the eleven choirs in union took part, and we
cannot do better in speaking of the result than by quoting
the words of the Rev. G. W. Torrance, who most kindly
assisted us by presiding at the organ. Writing of the festival
afterwards, he says, " I think that all engaged in it have
very good reason to be satisfied with the early fruit of an
association which will yet, I hope, do great things for the
church music of the diocese." We cannot leave this subject
without expressing our thanks to the Reverend Alfred T.
Harvey, for his unwearied exertions in superintending the
training of the several choirs for the festival. 4

As noted in this report, the Westmeath Church
Choral Union dates from practically the same time.
It was established on the same lines as that in Meath,
and held its first festival in Mullingar on Tuesday,
the fifteenth of December. The Westmeath choirs
were trained by the Reverend Doctor Reichel, who
afterwards became bishop of the diocese, and the
Reverend R. T. Bevan, Rector of Street, in the Diocese
of Ardagh. What progress has been made in the
meantime may be judged from the fact, that at this
festival there was no anthem, and that the whole service
was rendered in unison.

Thus there was no tone of faltering or of dis-
couragement. The wealth of the Church might be
taken away, but its welfare was assured, when its
children were prepared to go forth with singing to
undertake the serious task which lay before them.

4 Report of the Meath Church Chora) Association.

CHAPTER XXXIX.

RECONSTRUCTION.

WHEN disestablishment and disendowment had become
accomplished facts, not a moment's time was lost in
commencing the work of reconstruction. The Irish
Church Act was passed in July, 1869, but did not come
into operation until the first day of the year 1871.
The interval was employed in drawing up a constitution
for the Church, in making arrangements for general
and diocesan synods, in appointing members of the
Representative Church Body, and in formulating
schemes for the collection of church funds. The whole
work of preparation was practically completed before
the Church Act came into force.

The Irish House of Convocation had not been called
together since the days of Queen Anne, nor could
it be assembled without the royal mandate. This
restriction being taken away by the Church Act,
it was determined that Convocation should be called
once more into existence. Accordingly, it met in
Saint Patrick's Cathedral, in September, 1869. Among
the resolutions which were passed at this meeting, was
one that declared " that under the present circum-
stances of the Church of Ireland, the co-operation
of the faithful laity had become more than ever
desirable," and another arranged for the holding of a
" convention," in which both laity and clergy would
meet together. In anticipation of these resolutions,
a meeting of the laity had been already held, to make

RECONSTRUCTION 2O3

suggestions and arrangements for the future manage-
ment of the Church. This meeting drew up a
requisition to the two archbishops, asking that a con-
ference of representative laymen should be summoned
for the fifth of October following. Accordingly, a
circular was issued which directed each incumbent
to summon a meeting of his parishioners, admitting
all adult members of the Church, either resident or
holding property in the parish. These were to elect
as many lay delegates as there were clergy in the parish,
and to forward the names without delay to the bishop.
The course thus indicated was adopted in Meath as
in all other dioceses, and the bishop assembled the
delegates Meath and Westmeath meeting separately
and from them the members of the lay conference were
chosen. When this conference met, it agreed to the
suggestion of Convocation, that a general convention
of clergy and laity should be assembled.

The next move, therefore, was to elect repre-
sentatives to this "General Convention," which was
to transact business such as is now ordinarily transacted
by the General Synod, besides drawing up a code of
laws by which the Church was to be governed under its
altered circumstances. Once more a meeting of the
parishioners was held in every parish to appoint
delegates, but on this occasion it was left optional
to elect two laymen for every clergyman, a privilege
which was embraced in nearly every instance. On
the result of these elections the Diocesan Synod of
Meath met for the first time though this meeting
is not ordinarily counted among the number of Meath
synods. The delegates from the eastern portion of
the diocese met at Navan on Monday the twenty-second
of November, 1869, and those from the western portion,
at Mullingar, on the following Wednesday.

2O4 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

The bishop presided at both meetings, and in his
opening speech pointed out that the object which
brought them together was to take steps for the future
organization of the Church. He was sure that they had
all assembled under a deep sense of the obligation
imposed upon them, and he trusted that the harmony
and unity which hitherto had pervaded their councils,
would not be broken. He went on to remind the
delegates of a resolution which had been passed by
Convocation, and had been quoted in a letter issued
by the two archbishops, " that they were now called
upon not to originate a constitution for a new com-
munion, but to repair a sudden breach in one of the
most ancient churches in Christendom." The bishop
explained what he thought was the spirit in which
they should approach the work of reconstruction by
referring to the " very striking passage " in the
Preface to the Prayer Book, which spoke of
" Ceremonies, why some be abolished and some be
retained." The reference, he said, was to certain
persons who were anxious to discard everything because
it was old, and to introduce novelties simply because
they were novelties ; and he went on to quote, " in
such case they ought to have reverence to them for
their antiquity, if they will declare themselves to be
more studious of unity and concord than of innovations
and new-fangleness, which (as much as may be with
true setting forth of Christ's religion) is always to be
eschewed."

The remainder of the bishop's speech was taken
up with matters of business. He explained the mode
of voting, the qualification of voters, and other matters,
connected with the election of delegates ; and he
proceeded to say that he thought it advisable that they
should not enter into a discussion on any subject that

RECONSTRUCTION 205

might lead to a debate. Before concluding he spoke
of a resolution which had been arrived at by the
prelates, that they would sit and vote as a separate
body or order. This resolution had given rise to a
good deal of comment, because it constituted the bench
of bishops a kind of separate house, able to control
the decisions of the synod in the same way as the House
of Lords can exert a restraining influence on the House
of Commons. Bishop Butcher gave the reasons why
they had come to this decision, and told the synod that
the real motive in their hearts was to guard the interests
of the Church. It will be gathered from this, as from
the whole tone of the address, that there were some
misgivings as to how far a popularly elected body could
be trusted with the control of Church affairs. If his
lordship had survived to the present day, he would
see that his fears were groundless. He would, no doubt,
be both surprised and gratified to find that this episcopal
veto, which seemed then so necessary, has been
little more than a dead letter.

In accordance with the bishop's suggestion, there
was practically no debate at these meetings. A little
dissatisfaction was expressed at the synod being called
together in two sections, but the objections were over-
ruled, and when the necessary elections were completed,
the sittings came to an end. It may be well here to
record the names of those who represented Meath
at the General Convention, which met shortly after-
wards to draw up the constitution of the Church of
Ireland. The clerical representatives were : J. F.
Battersby, Doctor Joseph Bell, E. F. Berry, Dean
Brownlow, C. Burton, T. G. Caulfield, Doctor Dundas,
R. Radcliff, Doctor Reichel, C. Russell, H. A. Sadleir,
and Archdeacon Stopford. The lay representatives
were : J. P. Armstrong, G. A. Rochford Boyd, T. P.

2O6 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

Cairnes, Lord Castlemaine, Richard Chaloner, Major
G. T. Dalton, Lord Dunsany, Doctor Ferguson, Robert
Fowler, Samuel Garnett, Thomas Gerrard, J. L. Naper,
J. J. Nugent, R. Nugent, H. M. Pilkington, LL.D.,
VV. Barlow Smythe, P. H. Thompson, J. Tisdall, R. C.
Wade, and H. H. Woods. Of this long list only one-
Mr. Thomas Gerrard now remains to us.

The " General Convention of the Church of Ireland,"
of which these gentlemen were members, sat for forty-
one days, from the fifteenth of February to the second
of April, 1870. It resumed its sittings on the eighteenth
of October following, when it sat for sixteen days more,
to the fourth of November. The account of the
important business which it transacted belongs to the
general history of the Church. It may suffice here to
note that the delegates from Meath took a leading part
in the deliberations, and that some of the most im-
portant points in the legislation of the Church were due
to their initiative. For example, the third clause of
the " Preamble and Declaration," which is prefixed
to the Constitution of the Church of Ireland, was
not in the original draft, but was proposed by Arch-
deacon Stopford. It sets forth that, " The Church
of Ireland will maintain communion with the sister
Church of England, and with all other Christian churches
agreeing in the principles of this declaration ; and will
set forward, as far as in it lieth, quietness, peace, and
love, among all Christian people." It will be seen that
this is not the least important of the articles which are
laid down as principles in that preamble.

The Reverend Doctor Reichel was, as many will
remember, a skilful debater and ready speaker, and
as may well be imagined, he took a prominent part
in all the discussions. In the matter of the system
of nomination to vacant parishes, it may be said that

RECONSTRUCTION 207

the new method was altogether shaped by him. The
number of the diocesan representatives, and the
position of the bishop as president of the board, with an
ordinary and casting vote, are due to the amendments
which he proposed, and the acceptance of which he
urged on the convention with his extraordinary vigour.
In the original draft, it was proposed that the Board
of Nomination should in each case consist of three
nominators elected by the parishioners, together with
three clergymen and three laymen elected by the synod,
the bishop seemingly being excluded. This board
was to nominate three clergymen to the bishop, and
from these three the diocesan was to make his choice.
Thus it will be seen that at each board the diocese
would be represented by six members, and the parish
by three. On the other hand, there would be six lay
votes to three clerical. The present system, as pro-
posed by Doctor Reichel and accepted by the convention,
makes the board to consist of four laymen, three of
whom represent the parish, and two clergymen, who
with the bishop and the fourth layman represent the
diocese. It is said that when Doctor Reichel became
bishop, and had experience of the working of these
boards, he was led to doubt whether the present
system adequately protects the interests of the diocese.
Dean Craig, writing to the bishop's son, says :

He told me candidly that, when the matter was under
consideration after the disestablishment of the Church, it
was proposed that the diocese should be more represented,
and the parish less. He at that time went in for the system
adopted and still in force, but had quite changed his mind
after some years of experience, though he felt the difficulty of
making a change now. On one remarkable occasion, when the
parochial nominators all voted for a certain candidate, and
were supported by the lay diocesan nominator, he gave his
vote with the clerical nominators, and immediately after, his

208 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

casting vote. He was convinced that he was acting rightly,
and without doubt he was. I was a member of the board on
that occasion. 1

Among the resolutions passed at the convention
was one, proposed by Master Brooke, as follows :

That a committee shall be appointed to consider whether,
without making any such alterations in the Liturgy or
formularies of our Church as would involve or imply any
change in her doctrines, any measures can be suggested
calculated to check the introduction and spread of novel
doctrines and practices, opposed to the principles of our
Reformed Church, and to report to the General Synod of
1871.

Immediately afterwards, Doctor Lee, Archdeacon
of Dublin, resigned his membership of the convention,
on the grounds that by this resolution the synod was
to be asked to alter the doctrines of the Church of
Ireland. Under ordinary circumstances, a member's
resignation simply means that another takes his place,
but in this case it was felt that by letting the matter
pass over, there was a tacit acknowledgment of the
truth of the charge made by the archdeacon. There
was a small party in the convention which rejoiced
in the secession of any high churchman, and one of
them moved that this resignation be simply accepted.
Once more, however, the convention accepted the
leadership of Doctor Reichel, and by a vote of two
hundred to twelve agreed to his resolution :

That in accepting the resignation of the Venerable William
Lee, D.D., Archdeacon of Dublin, the Convention distinctly
repudiates the allegation contained in his letter to the Lord
Primate, viz. : that the Convention had adopted a resolution,
of which the object is to alter or modify the doctrines of the
Church, as denned in the Book of Common Prayer." 2

1 Memoir of Bishop Reichel prefixed to Sermons by Charles Parson*
Reichel, published after the Bishop's death.

' ! Journal of (He General Convention of the Church of Ireland.

RECONSTRUCTION

The part which Doctor Reichel took in shaping the
regulations for the appointment of clergymen to vacant
cures may be said to have been paralleled by Doctor
Pilkington in framing that chapter of the statutes
which deals with ecclesiastical tribunals. Doctor
Pilkington held for some years the office of Chancellor
to the Diocese of Meath, and was one of the ablest
ecclesiastical lawyers of his time. There is scarcely a
clause in the chapter referred to which was not amended
at his suggestion, and several of the rules which were
introduced were proposed by him.

It remains to add that the mode of electing to the
Primacy, after much debate and many abortive
proposals, was settled by the acceptance of a resolution
proposed by one of the Meath representatives. It
was Mr. Barlow Smythe whose suggestion was in the
end adopted, and which now, with some modification,
forms part of the law of the Church.

At the ensuing Easter vestries, lists of registered
vestrymen were formed, and in each parish a select
vestry was elected, as well as parochial nominators
and diocesan synodsmen. Thus the parochial
machinery was set at work which has continued in
operation until the present day.

The first meeting of the Diocesan Synod, formed
in accordance with the rules laid down by the Irish
Church Convention, was held on the twenty-eighth
of July, 1870. The members assembled for Divine
Service and the celebration of the Holy Communion
in the chapel of the Lying-in-Hospital, Dublin, and
afterwards met for the transaction of business in the
Pillar Room of the Rotunda. The meeting lasted for
two days, and as the mandate from the Primate for the
election of members of the General Synod had not yet
been received, it was adjourned for that purpose, and

VOL. n. p

210 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

met again later in the year in two parts the Meath
portion in Navan, and the Westmeath portion in
Mullingar. The resolutions adopted at this synod
were all of a business-like character ; they denned the
duties of the Diocesan Council, as well as the number
of members, and the mode of their election. They
directed the council to carry into effect the resolutions
with regard to finance which had been adopted by the
General Convention, and for that purpose to promote
parochial organization for the collection of subscriptions
and donations to the sustentation fund ; they also
asked the council to report on the subject of the re-
arrangement of benefices, and to prepare a list of
churches, glebe-houses, and other church property
that was to be claimed from the government. They
recommended the clergy to commute, so as to gain
the financial advantages which were thereby secured.
These resolutions, together with the election of the
Diocesan Council and of the Board of Patronage for
the diocese, seem to have fully occupied their time.

The Diocesan Council met for the first time at
8 Dawson Street, Dublin, on Wednesday, the twenty-
fourth of August, 1870, and set at once to work, meeting
regularly every month, until after the first arrangements
were completed, it was not deemed necessary for them
to meet so often.

The financial arrangements of the diocese formed
naturally one of the first subjects to be considered
by the Diocesan Council and the Synod. It does
not fall within the scope of this present work to give
an exposition of Irish Church finance, but so many
wild assertions have lately been made on this subject
that it may be well here to explain the exact state of
the case, taking the finances of the Diocese of Meath
as our example.

RECONSTRUCTION 211

The first fact that we have to keep in mind is that
the Irish Church Act provided for the payment of the
existing clergy as long as they lived, and gave to the
Church the right of demanding their services in return
for this payment. In other words, the Act did not
turn the clergy all adrift. It was felt that to do so
would be intolerably unjust. What the Act provided
was that, while the existing clergy lived, things
were to go on as before, but as each clergyman died,
there would be no State provision for hiss uccessor.
The position of the Diocese of Meath then was that it
had one hundred and thirteen clergymen whose services
would be paid for by the government as long as they
lived, but when they died provision had to be made
for their successors. Such clergymen were henceforth
known as " annuitants." It will be easily understood
that this arrangement made it possible for something
to be done in the way of re-endowment. In any
individual parish the parishioners could at once begin
to subscribe for the support of the ministry, and their
subscriptions could be allowed to accumulate as long as
their clergyman lived. On his death, the amount
thus saved would form an endowment to help towards
the payment of his successor.

Another alternative was offered to the church and
the clergy. It was proposed that if the clergy consented,
the capitalized value of their annuities would be handed
over to the Church, and in that case the Church would
have to pay the annuities instead of the government.
This was not really an alternative, but was simply
another and a more economical way of carrying out the
same business. To pay an annuity year by year,
or to pay the ascertained value of the annuity in one
sum, is financially an equivalent transaction. This
proposal of the government was accepted. The

212 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

clergy of Meath, with two or three exceptions, agreed
to it, and as a result, the diocese received a sum of
367,436 145. 8d., and undertook to pay annuities
amounting to close on ^30,000 a year. The clergy
who agreed to this arrangement were said to have
" commuted," and the money thus given to the
diocese was called " commutation capital."

It would seem at first sight that this was a large
sum of money for one diocese to receive under an Act of
disendowment, but when we look into the matter, we
will see that the government made an exceedingly good
bargain by the transaction. Every clergyman in the
diocese was entitled to a government annuity, and that
being so, it would seem that the sum awarded should
be the amount which would enable the diocese to
purchase such an annuity in each case. But this was
by no means possible. It would have taken about
55,000 more to do so. Or to put it in another way :
if the diocese had invested its capital in Three per
cent. Consuls, and had been able to purchase them at
par a thing that was not possible at the time
and if Mr. Goschen had not brought in his Bill for
reducing the interest on Consuls : then when the whole
transaction would have been completed, the diocese
would have been a loser by 55,000. This sum,
therefore, represents the profit which the government
made by its transactions with the Diocese of Meath.
Instead of making a concession to the Church, it was
really saving its own pocket.

The value of the annuities was calculated at three
and a half per cent. This means that if the sum
mentioned had been invested at that rate of interest,
the net result would be neither gain nor loss. When the
last annuitant had been paid off, nothing would be
left. The Representative Church Body, however,

RECONSTRUCTION 213

undertook business, somewhat similar to that which
is conducted by an insurance company, and by their
success in that enterprise they were able to pay the
diocese four per cent, on the amount of its capital.
Three and a half per cent, as we have seen, would have
enabled the diocese exactly to pay its way in dealing
with the annuitants. Four per cent, gave a clear
profit of one half, and this half per cent, profit would
yield 1,837 a year. This amount, put by every year,
and allowed to accumulate at compound interest,
would this year (1907) come almost exactly to 150,000.
The amount that has been saved out of the original
capital is more than this. It amounts to 176,884.
The difference is accounted for by the fact that the
staff of clergy was at once cut down, and that several
were content to take part of the value of their annuities
on being released from the obligation of giving their
life service. We have thus accounted for a large part
of the diocesan capital. The remainder has been
chiefly derived from the accumulation of subscriptions
paid for sustentation during the lives of the annuitant
clergy, but not required for the support of the ministry
until after their decease. The actual financial
operations were much more complicated than the case
as here presented, but the final result was bound to
work out very much in the same way.

Up to this we have dealt only with the question
of the payment of the annuitants. Another question
called for immediate settlement, namely, how to furnish
stipends for the various parishes, according as they
became vacant. We have shown above how this could
have been done in any one individual parish. But
the uncertainty of life would have rendered the in-
dependent action of parishes most precarious and
unsatisfactory. If the clergyman of the parish lived

214 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

long, a good deal could be done to provide for his
successor, but if he lived only for a short time, no such
provision could be made. To meet this difficulty,
the Financial Scheme was framed. The principle on
which this was founded was that of an insurance
company, namely, that while each individual case was
uncertain, the inclusion of a large number of cases
reduced this uncertainty to a minimum. Accordingly,
every parish was required to subscribe whether it had
an annuitant clergyman or not, and the diocese under-
took to pay the stipend of the new incumbent whenever
it became necessary to appoint one. In this way it was
calculated that in the early years, when few clergymen
would have to be paid, an amount of capital could be
secured, the interest on which would be available
when the full charge of sustentation would have to be
borne. It was expected that -a fund could thus be
formed sufficient to pay thirty-five per cent, of the
incomes of all the clergy in Meath, and on this basis
the financial scheme was founded. Subsequent
years showed the correctness of these calculations.
Not only has the scheme been able to pay all the
demands that were made upon it, but since the year
1896 it has been found possible to pay bonuses of six
and four per cent, to those clergy who have been ten
years in Orders, and to carry over every year a balance
amounting to about one thousand pounds.

The Financial Scheme was adopted at the synod
which was assembled on the fifteenth of November,
1871. Earlier in the year, the Reverend Robert Gregg,
who afterwards became successively Bishop of Ossory,
Bishop of Cork, and Archbishop of Armagh, attended
a meeting of the Diocesan Council, and explained the
financial proposals of the Representative Church Body.
At that meeting a sub-committee was appointed,

RECONSTRUCTION 215

consisting of Archdeacon Stopford, the Reverend
Garrett Nugent, afterwards Archdeacon of Meath,
Mr. W. Barlow Smythe, The Honourable R. Handcock,
Mr. Robert Fowler, Mr. G. A. Rochfort Boyd, and
Mr. Thomas P. Cairnes. These drew up a draft of the
scheme, which was presented to the council, and then
submitted to the synod. It was afterwards submitted
to an actuary, and then to the Representative Church
Body. At the following synod (July gth, 1872), it
was again brought up, and with some amendments
was brought into the shape which it has since retained.

A large number of the clergy elected to
" compound," that is to say, they gave up their
annuities, and received in return a lump sum, amounting
to somewhat more than half the value, being relieved
at the same time from the obligation of giving their
life service. Many of them continued to work in the
diocese, but became stipendiary clergy, receiving the
ordinary stipend of the parish, with a certain deduction,
on account of the capital sum which they had received.
In every such case the parish became vacant, and this
fact very considerably facilitated the work of re-
arrangement of benefices. This project was therefore
taken in hand at once. At the time of disendowment
the number of benefices was one hundred and five.
This number was immediately reduced to seventy-
seven. A still further reduction took place afterwards,
so that the number of parishes now amounts to
seventy. This consolidation of parishes was in every
way good for the diocese. It was economical, for it
enabled the work to be done with a smaller staff.
But it was also good in other ways, for some of the
parishes were absurdly small, and indeed it was only
difficulties about patronage and the like that had
prevented it from being carried out at an earlier period.

2l6 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

The net result of all was that the diocese entered
on its new circumstances with a reduced income and
a reduced staff. But the reduction in income was not
so much as to render the average stipend of a clergyman
much less than it had been before ; nor was the reduction
in staff great enough to interfere seriously with the
efficient working of the diocese. A few churches were
closed, where the small numbers attending rendered
this course advisable, but in every case there was
another church within a reasonable distance, so that
none of the parishioners were left without the means
of grace. On the whole, therefore, it may be said that
the spiritual wants of the people are as well attended
to as in the old times, and that the blow of dis-
establishment has not in any way impaired the
efficiency of the work in the diocese.

CHAPTER XL.
THE FIRST EPISCOPAL ELECTION.

IN August, 1876, the Church of Ireland, and especially
the Diocese of Meath, was startled by the announce-
ment of the unexpected death of Bishop Butcher.
He had been suffering from fever, but there was every
reason to hope that his natural strength would enable
him to battle with the illness, when, in a moment of
delirium, he inflicted injuries on himself from which
he succumbed. He was a man whose ability and
scholarship could badly be spared at such a time, for
the controversy as to the revision of the Prayer Book
was then at its height, and the Church needed wise
and able leaders for the difficult work that she had
undertaken. The Diocesan Report for 1875, which
was presented to the synod on the seventeenth of
October, 1876, has the following notice of the deceased
prelate :

It is our most painful duty this year to record an event
that has cast a deep gloom over the entire Church, and has
specially affected the Diocese of Meath. We refer to the death
of our beloved and revered bishop, who was so suddenly
and unexpectedly taken from amongst us, in the midst of
his labours, and in the prime of his usefulness. His loss,
while most seriously affecting the whole Church, will be
specially felt in this diocese, over which he presided in the
trying period since disestablishment, with such marked ability
and such unceasing care ; and in which his unvarying kindness,
gentleness, and consideration, have lastingly endeared him
to all. In the General Synod, while ably and firmly maintaining
his own views, his influence was constantly exercised in the

2l8 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

interests of moderation and of peace, and he was frequently
instrumental in effecting amicable and satisfactory solutions
of difficulties that threatened to be most serious. In our
diocesan synod, in the Representative Body, in our diocesan
council, and in other boards of which he was a member, his
untiring assiduity, his cheerful and willing devotion, his
forbearance and gentleness towards all, made him conspicuous
even among devoted men.

We have indeed sustained a serious, an irreparable loss,
in this brave, this noble life, too quickly past ; and it remains
for us not merely to mourn his death, but to lay to heart the
lesson that his unceasing devotion to his Master's cause,
and his constant attachment to the Church that he adorned,
so plainly teach.

It would ill become that Church to allow such a life to
pass away without some suitable memorial something to
mark fitly her sense of the benefits he conferred, and of the
magnitude of the loss she mourns. Actuated by this feeling,
the council, at their first meeting subsequent to his death,
unanimously adopted the following resolutions :

Proposed by Thomas P. Cairns, Esq., seconded by
the Dean of Clonmacnoise

That this council desires to record its deep sense of the
irreparable loss it has sustained by the death of its beloved
and revered chairman, the late Right Honourable and Most
Reverend Samuel Butcher, D.D., Bishop of this Diocese.
That this loss, while most keenly felt by the Church of Ireland
at large, in depriving her of one of her most distinguished
prelates, whose learning, munificence, piety, and incessant
devotion to her interests, contributed so largely to her
successful reorganization, falls with peculiar severity on this
council, over which he presided during so trying a period
with such marked ability and judgment, and in which his
earnest and cheerful devotion to the interests of the diocese
has always been conspicuous, while his unvarying kindness
and gentleness have endeared him to all with whom he was
brought into contact. That we desire at the same time to
express our profound sympathy for his bereaved family in
their deep affliction, and that for this purpose a copy of this
resolution be forwarded to Mrs. Butcher by our secretaries.

THE FIRST EPISCOPAL ELECTION 21 Q

Proposed by Thomas P. Cairns, Esq., seconded by
the Dean of Clonmacnoise

That with a view to perpetuate the memory of the late
Right Honourable and Most Reverend Samuel Butcher, D.D.,
Lord Bishop of Meath, and to commemorate the services he
conferred on the Church of Ireland, as Regius Professor of
Divinity in the University of Dublin, and subsequently as
Bishop of Meath, and to mark a sense of the loss sustained by
his death, a fund be formed to be called " The Butcher
Memorial Fund," to be applied in founding a professorship
in connection with the divinity school of the Church of Ireland,
to be called " The Butcher Memorial Professorship."

That contributions to this fund be invited, first from the
members of the Church of Ireland in the Diocese of Meath ;
secondly from the members of the Church of Ireland at large ;
thirdly, from all such as knew and valued the worth of the late
Bishop of Meath, and that the members of the Diocesan
Council be appointed to carry the foregoing resolution into
effect.

In accordance with the latter resolution, a consider-
able sum of money (about 2,500) was subscribed,
but the idea of founding a professorship was abandoned,
and instead, a number of exhibitions were founded in
connection with the divinity school, which are awarded
to students who have passed their junior divinity year.
The amount in each case is not more than fifty nor
less than twenty pounds. The capital, at present
amounting to 2,583, is lodged with the Representative
Church Body.

The bishopric having thus become vacant, the
diocesan synod was summoned by the Lord Primate
to assemble on the eighteenth of October, 1876, for the
election of a new bishop. It was felt by all to be a
momentous occasion. We have seen that in the early
days, shortly after the Anglo-Norman invasion,
the synod of Meath on several occasions elected the
bishop. In those synods, however, only the clergy were

22O HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

represented. In this case the clergy and the faithful
laity were to meet together for that purpose. It was
therefore a new thing. Never before in the history
of the diocese had such an event occurred. It was
also one of the first elections held since the dis-
establishment of the Church. Three other bishops
had been appointed in Cashel, Kilmore, and Ossory.
This was to be the fourth.

Before the synod assembled, the members met
together for the celebration of the Holy Communion in
Saint John's Church, Fishamble Street, Dublin. Then,
under the presidency of the Lord Primate, and with
the Right Honourable J. T. Ball, LL.D., acting as
assessor, the synod met in the Synod Hall, Christchurch
Place, for the serious and responsible task of electing
a new bishop.

On the first voting, which was to form a select list,
it was found that five names were to be included. These
were, Lord Plunket, who obtained 94 lay and 43 clerical
votes ; the Very Reverend Achilles Daunt, Dean of
Cork, who had 81 lay and 41 clerical votes ; the
Venerable Doctor Reichel, Archdeacon of Meath,
who was supported by 46 clergyman and 19 laymen ;
the Reverend Doctor Bell, Rector of Kells, who
obtained 29 clerical and 18 lay votes, and the Reverend
Canon Jellett, afterwards Dean of Saint Patrick's,
who was voted for by 30 of the clergy and 21 of the
laity. It was easily seen from these numbers that the
choice lay practically between Lord Plunket and the
Dean of Cork. Accordingly, on the second voting,
few suffrages were given to any of the other candidates.
Lord Plunket obtained this time 84 lay votes and 56
clerical, while Dean Daunt was supported by 46 laymen
and 22 clergymen. This showed that Lord Plunket
had obtained a decided majority over the dean, but

THE FIRST EPISCOPAL ELECTION 221

as it did not amount to two-thirds of the members
present and voting, another vote was necessary, in
which the name of Lord Plunket was alone submitted
to the synod. When the result was declared, it was
found that 105 out of 116 laymen had voted for him,
and 74 out of 79 clergymen. This was decisive, and
thus the synod came to a happy termination by the
almost unanimous election of the new bishop.

William Conyngham Plunket, who thus succeeded
to the See of Meath, was the son of the Honourable
John Plunket, Q.C., and was born in the year 1828.
His uncle, Lord Plunket, was Bishop of Tuam, and by
him he was ordained in 1857. As soon as he was made
deacon he became private secretary and chaplain to
the bishop, and a year later he was appointed rector
of the united parishes of Kilmoylan and Cummer
In 1864 he was appointed Treasurer of Saint Patrick's
Cathedral, Dublin, and from that time took a leading
part in the affairs of the Church of Ireland. At the
time of disestablishment he was one of the delegates
to the General Convention, and took part in the dis-
cussions of that body, working in conjunction with
Archdeacon Stopford, with whom he was in almost
entire agreement as to principles, policy and doctrine.
At about the same time (1871) he succeeded to the
peerage, becoming fourth Baron Plunket. He soon
became one of the leaders of the evangelical party in
the Church, and this fact, together with his position
as a peer of the realm, marked him as one fitted to
rise to the highest eminence. It was therefore natural
that when the Diocese of Meath became vacant his name
should have been one of the first to suggest itself.
Some leading men in the diocese communicated with
him beforehand, and on his intimating to them his
willingness to accept the office if elected, it was generally

222 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

felt that the election was a foregone conclusion. While
the matter was still pending, he wrote to his mother :

The Meath Diocese is the only one (with the exception of the
Archbishopric of Dublin) which I could well undertake to think
of just now. The Diocese of Meath, strangely enough, has
its centre (so far as practical convenience is concerned) outside
of it. Its synods and councils and boards of nomination are
all held in Dublin, and it would therefore be quite possible,
and indeed most convenient (were I appointed), that I should
reside a great part of the year in Dublin. Then again the palace
at Ardbraccan (a very fine and comfortable house) is only two
hours rail from Dublin. The diocese is in good working order,
and is compact, so that the labour of superintendence would
not be excessive, and the clergy and laity, so far as I can learn,
are as a whole not of a troublesome or fratricidal disposition !
Altogether, if I am to allow myself to be nominated for a
bishopric at all, I don't know any diocese for which I should
more wish to be elected. *

We have already seen that the surmises of this letter
were realized. Lord Plunket was elected to the
bishopric, and was consecrated at Armagh on Sunday,
the tenth of December, 1876. On the afternoon of
the same day the bishop wrote again to his mother :

I cannot help writing one line to say that the consecration
has taken place, and I am now Bishop of Meath. If I have
any qualifications to fit me for the high office upon which in
God's Providence I have been called upon to enter, let me say
that I owe it all, under God, to what I first learned from you,
and therefore you shall be the first to hear of the result from
your affectionate first-born son.

Letters such as these betray the loving and
affectionate disposition of the man, and the many
who remember his episcopate both in Meath and in
Dublin will bear testimony that this was eminently
his characteristic in the ruling of his diocese.

1 Howe. Life of Archbishop Plunket.

THE FIRST EPISCOPAL ELECTION 223

Lord Plunket was a man of wide sympathies, and
his name soon became well known outside his diocese,
in consequence of the part which he took in promoting
movements towards reformation, especially in Mexico,
Spain and Portugal. The action which he afterwards
took in consecrating a bishop for the Reformed Church
of Spain led to much controversy and recrimination.
That, however, does not concern us here, as the
consecration referred to took place after he had severed
his connection with Meath. It may be enough here
to remark that it was while Bishop of Meath that his
attention was first directed to the subject. A Dublin
clergyman wrote to him, setting forth the facts of the
case, and urging on him the desirability of giving these
reformers the opportunity of establishing an episcopal
church by consecrating for them a bishop of their own.
Bishop Plunket carefully considered the subject, and
became convincen that this was the right thing to do,
and having once made up his mind on this point, he
took up the work with an ardour which no opposition
was able to quench. He himself visited Spain, and
satisfied himself as to the genuineness of the movement.
He then made a strong appeal to those in this country
who were interested in the cause, and was instrumental
in raising a considerable sum of money. To a great
extent he carried his own clergy with him, but there
were some who held aloof, and it was even muttered
that he was so much taken up with work abroad, that
he had little time or thought left for the work of his
diocese. One of the clergy a dignitary of the diocese
went so far as to write to the bishop a letter of re-
monstrance. Many men would have shown bitter
resentment at being thus called to account by one of
his own officers. Bishop Plunket, however, while
he did not accept the rebuke, because he believed it to

224 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

be unmerited, answered in the spirit of a true Christian
gentleman. He replied :

I hasten to assure you that your letter has not made me
angry with you. It is the part of a friend to speak what he
believes to be truth to a friend at any cost, and we have been
too long on terms of affection with one another to feel aggrieved
by frank and kindly speaking. All I would ask is that you
will receive what I have to say in a similar spirit.

He then goes on to say that much of the absence
from the diocese has been due to the illness of his wife,
and that on this account he had several times thought
of resigning his episcopate. He shows too, that, so
far from his having lost interest in his diocese, it had
prospered in a remarkable way under his rule ; and
then, coming to the real point of difference, he adds :

Only one word more. If it be thought that because of
the deep interest which I feel in the work of reform in other
churches my interest in my own Church is likely to falter, all
I can say is that such a principle would contradict every
experience of the past. No church has ever shown life or
prospered that has lacked the outgoing spirit of missionary
zeal, and I can truly say that if any one motive more than
another urges me to work as, God helping me, I shall continue
to do, on behalf of such a cause as that of Spanish reform,
it is the interest which I feel in the honour of my own Church,
and the desire that by helping others she may bring back
into her bosom an abundant blessing in return. -

The first task that confronted the diocese on the
appointment of Lord Plunket was to provide an income
for the new bishop. The method adopted in this case
was practically the same as the provision made for
the incomes of the clergy. At the disendowment the
diocese received the capital value of Bishop Butcher's
annuity, and undertook to pay him his salary as long
as he lived. If he had lived to the average term of life

~ l Memoir of Lord Plunket.

THE FIRST EPISCOPAL ELECTION 225

all this capital would have been eaten up, but in the
meantime subscriptions would have been accumulating
year by year, and these would form an endowment from
which the future bishops would be paid. Already
during the lifetime of Bishop Butcher, a sum of 9,365
had been put by in this way. The early death of the
bishop left a large part of the capital still untouched,
and thus 11,330 was added to the fund. A special
effort was then made to collect subscriptions, and in
this way 7,330 was added. The London Sustentation
Fund Committee gave the handsome donation of
2,000 ; so that altogether a capital sum was realized
of about 30,500. The interest on this capital, together
with annual subscriptions, and a grant of 1,000 a year
for three years from the General Sustentation Fund, not
only sufficed for the proposed stipend of 1,500 a year,
but also left a substantial balance to accumulate until
the bishopric was fully endowed. At a later period
another special effort was made, and the whole amount
was contributed.

At the same time the palace and demesne at
Ardbraccan were purchased for 10,325 . It was intended
to make an effort towards raising this sum as soon as
the endowment of the bishopric was completed. In
the meantime the bishop was charged four and a
quarter per cent, on this purchase money as rent.
Bishop Plunket took up his residence at the palace,
but when he was translated to Dublin, it was felt that
the house was unsuitable to the reduced income of the
See, and eventually it was sold at a price less by
1,825 tnan that at which it had been purchased. The
glebe-house of Ardbraccan was then bought from
the parish, and at present, under the name of Bishops-
court, forms the episcopal residence.

With so many calls on the liberality of the churchmen

VOL. II. O

226 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

in the diocese, it might well be supposed that other
things would suffer. This, however, was by no means
the case. In the Report of the diocese for 1877
particulars are given of restorations and improvements
in different churches, amounting to considerably more
than six thousand pounds, and in the following year
there is a paragraph which tells that

The Council are happy to report that the work of church
building and church restoration, to which they invited special
attention last year, still progresses with unabated zeal. Three
new churches are being built at the present time : one at Durrow,
at the sole expense of the Honourable Otway Toler ; one at
Moyliscar, at the sole expense of Mrs. Tottenham ; and one at
Syddan, from a bequest left by the late Miss Ball. At Moydrum,
a church has been built, at the sole expense of Lord Castlemaine,
as a domestic chapel, but largely attended by the church
people of the surrounding district, as well as by members of
his lordship's household. Moydrum church was consecrated
during the present year.

The work thus begun has been steadily continued
until the present time, and it may now be said that there
is scarcely a church in the diocese which has not been
renovated and beautified since disestablishment
a fact which may be taken as a gratifying indication
that that event, from which so many disasters were
anticipated, has not in any way robbed the Church
of its life and viguor.

New troubles arose about this time due to the action
of the Land League and the conspiracy against the
payment of rent. The land-owning class were zealous

supporters of the Church, and when they found their
incomes reduced, it was inevitable that the Church
should suffer from their loss. In 1881 the Diocesan
Council had to report a falling off of 813 in the cash
receipts for assessment, and commenting on this, they
say :

When it is remembered that the country is at present
passing through a crisis of unexampled severity, affecting

THE FIRST EPISCOPAL ELECTION 227

most seriously almost every class in the community, and that
the class which has suffered most severely comprises those
who have been hitherto the most steady and liberal supporters
of the Church, it is only to be expected that we should feel
the effect of this state of things in a general falling off in the
contributions. It is also to be feared that the results appearing
in the present report are not the worst that may be
anticipated.

These anticipations were justified, for in the next
year there was a further falling off of 404, but the
Council give it then as their opinion that " the crisis
arising out of the Land League agitation has been well
nigh passed, and that we may now look forward to
a general though gradual improvement in the condition
of the country/' This forecast also proved to be
correct, for in the next year there was a small increase
in the receipts, which improvement continued until
matters righted themselves ; and in the meantime it
was a matter of congratulation that in no case had
the income of any clergyman to be reduced.

The effects of the disturbed state of the country
were manifested in other ways besides this diminution
in subscriptions. Many spoke of leaving the country,
and there was a fear that there would be a large
exodus of the wealthier class of people. Bishop Plunket,
both in public and in private, did his best to dissuade
people from doing what he regarded as an act of
desertion. He was an ardent patriot, and he held that
it was the duty of every loyalist to remain at his post,
quoting with effect the words of the psalmist : " Put
thou thy trust in the Lord, and be doing good : dwell
in the land, and verily thou shalt be fed." One of
his best known poems was on this subject, and a couple
of stanzas from it may fitly close this chapter :

From Irish soil you love to roam,

But let me just remind you,
You'll nowhere find a happier home

Than what you leave behind you.

228 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

The world explore from shore to shore,
'Twill be a vain endeavour :

On scenes so bright you'll never light,
Oh never never never.

And now, my friends, go if you will,

And visit other nations,
But leave your hearts in Erin still,

Among your poor relations.
The spot of earth that gave you birth,

Resolve to love for ever ;
And you'll repent that good intent,

Oh never never never.

CHAPTER XLI.

BISHOPS REICHEL AND PEACOCKE.

IN 1884 Lord Plunket was elected to the Archbishopric

of Dublin, and thereby the Bishopric of Meath was

rendered once more vacant. The Diocesan Synod

accordingly met on Wednesday, the fourth of February,

1883, for the election of a new bishop. After the first

voting it was found that three names were to be placed

on the select list. These were the Very Reverend

Charles Parsons Reichel, Dean of Clonmacnoise ; the

Reverend Joseph S. Bell, Rector of Kells ; and the

Reverend Canon Wynne, Incumbent of Saint Matthias's

Church, Dublin, and afterwards Bishop of Killaloe.

The first two were beneficed in the Diocese of Meath,

and were well known throughout the whole Church of

Ireland as preachers of more than ordinary ability.

Canon Wynne was also equally well known as incumbent

of an important Dublin church. In the subsequent

voting it became evident that the choice lay between

Doctor Reichel and Doctor Bell, but neither of them

was able to obtain the majority of two-thirds, which

is necessary to secure an election. The matter was

therefore referred to the bench of bishops for decision.

Before the bishops sat for this purpose, an objection

was made against the proceedings, on the ground that

the name of Canon Wynne should have been submitted

to the Synod, and a vote taken as to whether his name

should be included in the list from which the bishops

230 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

were to make their choice. This objection was upheld
by the Court of the General Synod, and accordingly
the Synod had to meet again, which it did on the
fifteenth of June. Again it was found impossible to
obtain a two-thirds majority for any one candidate,
but on this occasion only the names of Dean Reichel
and Canon Bell were placed on the select list, and from
these two the bishops were asked to make a choice.
The prelates met on the nineteenth of August, and
elected Dean Reichel, who was accordingly consecrated
in Saint Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, on the twenty-
ninth of the following September.

The new bishop was son of a Moravian clergyman,
and was born in 1816. He was educated partly in the
University of Berlin, and partly in Trinity College,
Dublin. In the latter place he had a distinguished
career, and soon became the best classical scholar of his
class. He had some thoughts of reading for a fellow-
ship, but relinquished the idea, and took Holy Orders,
being ordained for the curacy of Saint Mary's Church,
in Dublin. There he continued for four years, until,
in 1850, he was appointed Professor of Latin in Queen's
College, Belfast. In 1864 he entered the Diocese of
Meath, being appointed to the Vicarage of Mullingar.
From that he passed, in 1875, to the Incumbency of
Trim, becoming at the same time Archdeacon of Meath.
In 1878 he was appointed Professor of Ecclesiastical
History in Trinity College, an office which he held along
with his incumbency, and in 1882 he became Dean of
Clonmacnoise. He was also Canon of Saint Patrick's
Cathedral, being the first representative canon for
Meath. Thus he had been for more than twenty years
associated with the diocese before he was called on to
undertake the responsible office of its bishop.

The memory of Bishop Reichel is still so fresh in the

BISHOPS REICHEL AND PEACOCKE 23!

minds of many that little need here be said about his
character and attainments. As a scholar, he had few
equals in the Irish Church at the time, and in the
subjects in which he had specialized some branches
of liturgical study, for example he was without a
rival. As a preacher, too, he stood alone. He never
preached without his manuscript, and he accompanied
the reading with no action whatever ; there was a
singular absence of anything that could be called
" flowers of rhetoric ; " but every sentence was terse
and forceful, and his voice was of such clearness and
penetration that not a word was lost. He often chose
the evidences of Christianity as the subject of his
discourses, and in such cases the argument was clearly
stated and driven home with irresistible force. In
controversy he was what would be called a hard hitter,
and he left on many the impression that his words were
always bitter and cutting. All those who were
acquainted with the man in his private life, knew that
he was the very opposite of all this. He was full of
kindness, with a heart easily touched, and a ready hand
to help those who were in need.

While the diocese was still vacant, the Bench of
Bishops met, and by a unanimous vote determined
that Meath should be deprived of the precedence
which had been accorded to her in former times. The
Bishop of Meath always ranked next to the archbishops,
and was styled " Most Reverend," whereas the other
bishops were styled " Right Reverend." This
distinction was observed in the Irish Church Act of
1869, but in 1885 a new rule of precedence was issued
from Dublin Castle which directed that in future " all
Archbishops of the Protestant Episcopalian Church
in Ireland, and all Roman Catholic Archbishops in
Ireland," were to take rank according to the dates

232 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

of consecration or translation, and that similarly all
bishops of either church were to have precedence
according to date of consecration.

It might have been expected that a document like
this, which gave to the Church of Ireland the un-
authorized title of "Protestant Episcopalian Church,"
would be ignored by the bishops in any action in which
they had unfettered liberty, but they do not seem to
have looked on it in this light, and accordingly, in the
General Synod of 1885, the Archbishop of Dublin
made the following communication from the bench of
Bishops : " Her Majesty the Queen having regulated
the Court precedence of the prelates of the Church of
Ireland, inter se, the archbishops and bishops have
passed the following resolution in reference to the
ecclesiastical precedence of the future Bishops of
Meath : ' That in future the Bishops of Meath shall
rank next in ecclesiastical precedence amongst the
bishops according to the date of their consecration,
and that the style of the Bishops of Meath shall be
similar to the style of the other bishops of the Church
of Ireland.' ' The archbishop went on to say that the
resolution did not emanate from himself. " It might
seem very ungrateful, but he came to the conclusion
that if ever there was such a change, the present, when
the See was vacant, was the proper time to make it."
The Bishop of Down and Connor followed, and he, too,
disclaimed responsibility for the resolution, though he
had supported it. He said that the Lord Primate
had written to him on the subject, stating " I heartily
agree with the enclosed resolution, which puts an end
to what will be found an anomaly the inconvenience
without any counterbalancing advantage whatever."

The following statement, drawn up in 1876 by Sir
J. Bernard Burke, Ulster King at Arms, will show the

BISHOPS REICHEL AND PEACOCKE 233

historical grounds on which the claim of Meath
rested :

Anciently Meath was one of the five provinces, and?the
seat of the chief monarch of Ireland. In 1152, Cardinal
Paparo, Legate a latere, brought over four palliums, and
assigned one to each of the four bishops, Armagh, Dublin,
Cashel, and Tuam, erecting those Sees into archbishoprics.
As some consolation to Meath, and in recognition of the former
royal eminence of that province, the Bishop of Meath was
styled Most Reverend, and given the first place among bishops
primus inter pares. De Burgho, in his Hibernia Dominica,
says, " Episcopus Midensis primus semper est Provincial
Armachanse suffraganeus, quanquam enim inter caeteros
Hiberniat Episcopos esset consecratione junior eos nihilominus
loco precederet."

At the Reformation, the Protestant Church found the
Bishop of Meath accorded the first place among bishops, and has
ever since allowed that pre-eminence to the See. The Church
Disestablishment Act of 1871 interferes in no way with
ecclesiastical pre-eminence, but while severing the link between
Church and State, has simply disallowed a precedence derived
from the state connection to prelates of the Irish Church
consecrated after the passing of the Act. Consequently,
in state ceremonials and in social meetings, a bishop of the
Irish Church, who was such at the time of the passing of the
Act, would, however junior in ecclesiastical rank, have
precedence ; but not so ecclesiastically. In all church
congresses, and on all ecclesiastical occasions, the Bishop of
Meath, however junior in his consecration, is still clearly
entitled to the same pre-eminence as ever. He is, as he always
has been, primus inter pares among Irish bishops.

Bishop Reichel was not the man who would, without
protest, relinquish any of the ancient rights and
prerogatives of his See. " He had the dislike of a
student of history for that kind of reform which
proceeds from a mere passion for symmetry." T He
was no sooner consecrated than he raised his voice
against this action of the bishops, in which he

1 Memoir.

234 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF HEATH

maintained they had exceeded their power, and he
demanded that the matter should be tried before a
properly constituted tribunal. The clergy and laity
of the diocese backed him up in his contention, and
in the Synod of 1885 passed the following resolution :

That the clerical and lay members of the Meath Diocesan
Synod most respectfully refuse to accept the resolution passed
by the archbishops and bishops of the Church of Ireland, and
communicated to the General Synod at its last meeting,
purporting to deprive the Bishops of Meath of the precedence
within the Church which they have continuously enjoyed for
more than five centuries, and to which they are entitled as a
matter of right.

At the next meeting of the bishops, which was
held on the third of December, 1885, Bishop Reichel
carried his point, and the following resolution was
passed :

That it be referred to the Court of the General Synod, in
accordance with sec. 3, c. 2, of the Statutes of the General
Synod, 1885, to determine, in the event of a vacancy in the
Archiepiscopal See of Armagh, who shall be entitled to convene
the Diocesan Synod of Armagh and Clogher, and to preside
at the same, as being the person for the time being authorized
to convene the Diocesan Synod, cap. v., sec. i, and cap. ii.,
sec. 26. Statutes General Synod ; and to advise the archbishops
and bishops as to what precedence the Bishop of Meath is
entitled to as regards the other bishops of the Church of
Ireland.

In accordance with this resolution, the Court of the
General Synod assembled on the eleventh of January,
1886. The sitting members were the Archbishop of
Dublin, the Bishop of Limerick, the Right Honourable
Lord Chief Justice Fitzgibbon, the Honourable John
Fitzhenry Townsend, Judge of the Court of Admiralty,
and the Honourable Sterne Ball Miller, Judge of the

BISHOPS REICHEL AND PEACOCKE 235

Court of Bankruptcy. After hearing the arguments
of Counsel, the court gave its decision in favour of
Doctor Reichel's contention, and made the following
order :

Upon vacancy of the See of Armagh, the Bishop of Meath
is, by the Constitution of the Church of Ireland, entitled to
convene the Diocesan Synod of Armagh and Clogher, and to
preside at the same, or to appoint a commissary so to do,
as being the bishop of the province first in order of precedence,
and as such the person for the time being authorized to convene
the Diocesan Synod.

The Bishop of Meath for the time being is entitled to
precedence among the Archbishops and Bishops of the Church
of Ireland next after the Archbishop of Dublin, and before the
other bishops of the said Church.

Thus the ancient prerogatives of the See were
secured, and the position of Meath as the premier
diocese in Ireland was established.

The Board of Education for the Diocese of Meath
was established in 1890. For two or three years
previously the matter had been discussed between
the heads of the diocese and the Judicial Commissioners
constituted by the Educational Endowments Act, 1885,
and the negotiations resulted in an Order of Council,
by which the new board was formed. It was to consist
of the Bishop, Dean, and Archdeacon, as ex officio
members, together with four clergymen and six laymen,
elected by the Diocesan Synod, and additional co-opted
governors, not exceeding five in number. Their trust
was to hold and apply endowments for elementary and
intermediate education in the diocese, to promote
technical instruction, and to promote and encourage
religious, education. The Board took over the
administration of the funds of the Preston School at
Navan, together with some other less important
endowments, and became trustees of all the school

236 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

buildings in the diocese. At present it also
administers the funds contributed through the diocese
for the promotion of religious education, arranges
for the annual examinations in Scripture and Church
formularies, and provides result fees for the teachers.

About this time two large bequests were left to the
diocese for the benefit of poor parishes. Mr. Morgan,
of Navan, left a sum which yields about 350 per annum,
and Miss Bolton, of Bective, left money and property
which gives a yearly income of over 200. Mr. T. P.
Cairnes, the financial secretary of the diocese, added
to these bequests a sum of 2,829, yielding 101 per
annum, and drew up a scheme by which, from these
three funds, the income of every parish not exceeding
200 in value was increased by ten per cent.

During the whole of Doctor Reichel's episcopacy
he was more or less in feeble health. He had frequent
attacks of gout, and every winter seemed to bring with
it severe bronchitis or pneumonia. Towards the end,
these attacks increased in intensity, and in 1894 he
passed away in the seventy-seventh year of his age.
His friend, Canon MacDonnell, of Peterborough, wrote
of him :

To those who knew Doctor Reichel from his early days,
and the intense piety and high motives which influenced him,
it was a pleasure to see that, as years passed, he was better
understood and appreciated. Now that his race is run and
his work finished, what Irish churchman does not feel proud
of him as one who adorned and did honour to the Church of
which he was a prelate ? In quieter times and in the evening
of his days those qualities shone out that were partially
obscured in the dust of controversy and the party struggles
of the Irish Synods. Even at his advanced age of seventy-
seven the Church can ill spare such a man. Like the blaze of
golden light that follows the actual setting of the sun, the true
greatness of the man will be more seen when all clouds of
prejudice have been dispersed by death. Among his intimate

BISHOPS REICHEL AND PEACOCKE 237

friends the Bishop of Meath's death leaves a blank which the
outside public can never understand. 2

For the third time now since disestablishment, the
Diocese of Meath was called on to elect a bishop.
It accordingly met on the twenty-sixth of April, 1894.
Just on the eve of the Synod the diocese sustained
another great loss in the death of Mr. T. P. Cairnes, who
had filled the office of financial secretary from the time
of the re-organization of the Church. As a financier
he had few equals in Ireland, and was one of the most
trusted advisers of the Representative Church Body.
To the Diocese of Meath he gave his very best energies
and ability, and he had the satisfaction of seeing her
finances placed on a sound basis, and their reliability
abundantly proved, before his death. We have already
seen something of his liberality, but it was shown, not
merely in large gifts, such as that which has been
noticed, but in the help which he constantly gave to
poor and struggling parishes, where he knew that the
people had difficulty in keeping up their assessments.
In his own town of Drogheda he has left an enduring
memorial in the dwellings provided by his liberality
for the working classes. When the Synod assembled
for the election of a bishop, the first business done was
to pass the following resolution :

That we, the Synod of the Diocese of Meath, desire to
express in the strongest manner our very deep sense of the
irreparable loss which our diocese has sustained in the death
of its Honorary Financial Secretary, Thomas Plunket Cairnes,
Esq., who, for a period of twenty-four years conducted the
financial affairs of the diocese with consummate ability and
unwearied assiduity. We also desire to make mention of the
munificent liberality which from the very first characterized
all our late Honorary Secretary's dealings with the diocese.
We feel that his loss is not confined to the Diocese of Meath,

a Memoir.

238 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF HEATH

but that it is one in which the whole Church of Ireland is
concerned. We also desire to convey to Mrs. Cairnes and his
family the expression of our deepest sympathy with them in
the very deep affliction which has so unexpectedly befallen
them.

The Synod then proceeded to the election for which
it had been called together, and a select list was
formed, consisting of the names of Canon Peacocke,
Rector of Monkstown in the Diocese of Dublin ; Canon
Keene, Rector of Navan ; and the Very Reverend
Hercules H. Dickenson, Dean of the Chapel Royal,
and son of a former Bishop of Meath. There was
considerable difficulty in coming to a conclusion, as the
clergy and laity could not agree as to which name
should be supported, but in the end all three names
were submitted to the bench of bishops, and the choice
of the prelates fell on Canon Peacocke, who was
accordingly consecrated on the eleventh of June, 1894,
in the Cathedral of Armagh.

This is not the place to speak of Bishop Peacocke,
as he is still amongst us, worthily presiding over the
Archdiocese of Dublin, to which he was elected three
years later. Suffice it to say that during his short stay
in Meath he displayed those remarkable powers of
organization which he had displayed as a parish
clergyman, both at Saint George's, Dublin, and also
at Monkstown. He was quickly winning the confidence
of both clergy and laity when he was translated to the
higher office which he now fills so well.

The last time that he presided at the Diocesan
Council was on the ninth of June, 1897, and on that
occasion the following resolution was passed :

That the members of the Meath Diocesan Council cannot
separate without leaving on record their feeling of regret that

BISHOPS REICHEL AND PEACOCKE 239

this is the last occasion on which they shall be presided over
by their beloved and respected bishop. While they most
heartily congratulate His Grace on his promotion to the
arduous position to which he has been called, and pray that
he may be long spared to preside over the Archdiocese of
Dublin, they desire to express their sense of the loss which
they have sustained, and to assure His Grace that their best
wishes go with him in his removal from the diocese.3

3 Minutes of the Diocesan Council of Meath.

CHAPTER XLIL
A FINAL RETROSPECT.

MEATH has had more experience of episcopal elections
than any other diocese in Ireland. On the translation
of Doctor Peacocke to the See of Dublin she was called
on for the fourth time to elect a bishop. Again it
was found impossible to obtain a two-thirds majority
for any one name, and accordingly two names were
sent up to the Bench of Bishops by the Synod which
met on the tenth of August, 1897. These were the
Reverend Canon Keene, Rector of Navan, and the
Reverend Doctor Bernard, Archbishop King's Professor
of Divinity in Trinity College. Of these Canon Keene
was chosen, and he was accordingly consecrated at
Armagh on the seventeenth of October in the same
year. He still presides over the See in which most
of his ministerial life has been spent, and it is the prayer
of his many friends that he may be long spared to fill
that exalted position. It would be out of place to
speak of his qualifications or character. It may suffice
to say that his college record has rarely been equalled,
and that the range of subjects in which he distinguished
himself shows a versatility of powers which few can
boast. He obtained the highest distinctions in every
subject that he studied, and these included Classics,
Mathematics, Ethics, Hebrew, and Divinity. No
further explanation need be desired of the fact that
the clergy, almost unanimously, and the laity, by a large
majority, wished to have him as their bishop.

A FINAL RETROSPECT 24!

The events of Bishop Keene's episcopate are so
recent, that only a few need here be recorded. The
most important, from the financial point of view, was
the formation of what is known as the " Supplemental
Scheme." The funds which were available for this
purpose were the profits of commutation, and how
these profits arose has been already explained. In
1895 it was found that the interest on the commutation
capital was sufficient to pay the annuities that were
still remaining, and the year following there was a
balance of 484. The time had come, therefore, when
this fund could be dealt with, and the interest, as it
became available by the death of annuitants, applied
for the benefit of the diocese. The matter was
accordingly taken in hand by the Diocesan Council,
and after much consideration a scheme was drawn
up, and submitted to the synod which met on the
twenty-sixth of August, 1899. The capital that would
be eventually available amounted to 73,831, and the
interest on this came to 2,570 a year. As amended
by the synod, and with some subsequent modifications,
the Supplemental Scheme provides that out of this
interest the ten senior clergymen in the diocese are to
receive an addition to their salaries of 30 a year each.
The next ten in order of seniority receive 20, and the
next twenty 15. The Rural Deans receive a stipend
of 10 a year each ; 700 a year is credited to the
Superannuation Fund ; 200 to the Supplemental Fund,
and the remainder allowed to accumulate as a reserve
fund for future contingencies. The first of these
provisions, it will be observed, secures that a clergyman
who never gets promotion beyond a parish with the
minimum income of 200 a year, is secure of obtaining
in addition 20 a year from the Bolton, Morgan, and
Cairnes Funds, 12 as a bonus under the Financial

VOL. II. R

242 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

Scheme, and 30 from the Supplemental Scheme,
making in all 262 not a very princely income, it
is true, but fair enough when it is remembered that
this is the minimum, and that considerably more than
half the parishes in the diocese would yield a larger
stipend.

The Supplemental Scheme too, in conjunction with
the Central Superannuation Fund of the Representative
Church Body, enables the diocese to give a retiring
allowance to those clergymen who are disabled by age
or infirmity, the amount being calculated on the same
principle as is adopted by the government for the
superannuation of civil servants, namely, one-sixtieth
of the income at retirement for every year served,
with a maximum of two-thirds.

In the first report issued after the consecration of
Bishop Keene, three deaths are noted of prominent
workers in the diocese. These are Mr. Robert Fowler,
Archdeacon Nugent, and the Reverend Alfred T. Harvey,
Rector of Athboy. Mr. Fowler was one of the orginal
members of the Diocesan Council when it was first
constituted, and for many years had served as treasurer
for the eastern portion of the diocese. He co-operated
ably with Mr. T. P. Cairnes in the drawing up of the
Financial Scheme and in the subsequent carrying out
of its provisions. Alike in the Council and in the synod
his word always carried the greatest weight, for it was
felt that reliance could always be placed on his wisdom
and judgment. Archdeacon Nugent held the office
of Honorary Clerical Secretary from the time of
disestablishment. He was a man of great business
capacity, and became the trusted adviser and friend
of each successive bishop. He was a ripe scholar
and to the end of his days a diligent student, yet of such
a quiet and retiring disposition that few beyond his

A FINAL RETROSPECT 243

intimate friends were aware of the extent of his powers.
He was appointed Archdeacon of Meath by Bishop
Plunket in 1882, and became Rector of Trim in 1892.
The Reverend Alfred T. Harvey was best known in
connection with the Church Choral Union, which he
was instrumental in founding when serving as Curate
of Trim. In later years he acted as secretary of the
Union, and arranged for the Choral Festivals which
were held every year. He was also Diocesan Secretary
for Meath of the Society for the Propagation of the
Gospel, and was Secretary of the Diocesan Committee
of Missions and Charities. To the regret of all his
friends he was carried away by a painful disease at a
comparatively early age.

The Diocesan Report for 1897, commenting on
these three deaths, says :

The year has thus been one in which the diocese has suffered
serious loss by the death of old and valued workers. It must,
however, be a matter of thankfulness that these wise and
efficient labourers were spared to us until the work of re-
construction consequent on disestablishment had been almost
completed, and the Council feel that the satisfactory reports
which they are able to offer year after year are largely due to
the energies of men who are no longer with us. They have
been taken away, but their work remains, and it is now for us
to carry on and perfect that which they have so well begun.

These words express well the spirit in which we
should think of those men who, by their liberality and
ability did so much for the diocese in the time of trial,
and they form a suitable introduction to a few
reminiscences which may here be given of some of those
of the clergy and laity whose names ought not to be
forgotten.

Mention must first be made of Mr. W. Barlow
Smythe, of Barbavilla. He was present at the first
meeting of the Diocesan Council, and for many years

244 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

was one of the most regular attendants. He was the
first lay Diocesan Nominator, was one of the Diocesan
Trustees, and a member of the Diocesan Court. His
connection with the diocese was brought to an end in
a tragic way. It was in the days of Land League
troubles, and one Sunday, as he was returning from
church, a shot was fired at his carriage. There can be
no doubt that it was intended for Mr. Smythe, but it
struck a lady who was in the carriage with him, who
was killed on the spot. As a result, Mr. Smythe left the
country, and resigned all the offices which he held in con-
nection with the diocese. On receiving his resignation,
the Diocesan Council passed the following resolution :

Resolved, that we learn with very sincere regret that W. B.
Smythe, Esq., has resigned all the offices which he held in
connection with the diocese for so many years, and the duties
of which he discharged with so much zeal, efficiency, and
advantage to the best interests of the Church in the diocese.
We desire further, to express our deep abhorrence of the
deplorable event which makes it impossible for him to reside
with safety on his estate.

This was passed on the tenth of January, 1883,
and it reveals in a very striking way the dangers which
were at that time confronting alike the Church and
the Country.

Another name prominently associated with the
work of the diocese was that of Major Dalton, of Kelts,
who also was a member of the first Diocesan Council.
He was an indefatigable worker, and took a lively
interest in the Bible Society, especially in the Meath
branch, which employed colporteurs to work in different
parts of the diocese. The Honourable Robert J.
Handcock, of Athlone, was another member of the
original council, and for many years acted as Diocesan
Treasurer for the Westmeath district. He seldom
took part in debate, but he was one of the most regular

A FINAL RETROSPECT 245

attendants at the meetings, and transacted much of the
financial business. His successor in the office of
Diocesan Treasurer, Mr. Edward Dames Longworth,
has also, quite lately, passed from us, his life, which
promised so much of usefulness, being cut off un-
expectedly in its prime. Other names that should
be mentioned are Doctor Joly, by whose liberality
the parish of Castlejordan has been endowed, Mr.
Richard Chaloner, Mr. John Tisdall, Judge Gamble,
Colonel Cooper, Mr. G. A. Rochfort Boyd, and Mr.
J. L. Naper. There are many others that might
be noted, for there is scarcely a parish in the diocese
that has not had some who have rendered conspicuous
service to the Church. As we look back on those years
since disestablishment we may say of the churchmen
of Meath as a body that they were men of whom any
diocese might be proud.

Among the clergy, too, there are names that
deserve remembrance. The Reverend Canon Bell,
Rector of Kells, and his brother, the Reverend James
A. Bell, Rector of Banagher, were both remarkable men.
Of Canon Bell we have already seen that his was one
of the names put forward when the bishopric was
vacant, and the position which he held in the diocese
may be judged from the number of votes cast in his
favour, even when against such a formidable rival
as Bishop Reichel. He was in his day one of the best
preachers in the Irish Church. Shortly after the
episcopal election he resigned his parish, but retained
his position as representative Canon in Saint Patrick's
National Cathedral. In his last days he suffered much
from a long and painful illness, which he bore with
wonderful resignation and fortitude. His brother
James was almost equally gifted as a preacher, and
was besides a brilliant scholar. He left the diocese to

246 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

take up work in England under the London Jews'
Society. In the succession of Deans Brownlow,
Reichel, Swift, Dowse, and Craig we have men, all
of whom worked well, and were highly esteemed for
their work's sake. Mention should also be made of the
Reverend T. G. Caulfield, Rector of Ballyloughloe,
by whose liberality that parish is endowed with glebe
lands which are valued at fifty pounds a year ; the
Reverend John Westrop Brady, long a member of the
Council ; the Reverend Francis Hopkins, Rector of
Trim ; the Reverend Duncan Brownlow, Rector of
Donaghpatrick, who succeeded Mr. Harvey as
secretary of the Church Choral Union, and was, besides,
secretary of the Meath Protestant Orphan Society ;
the Reverend Frederick W. Wetherell, Rector of
Rathmolyon ; the Reverend J. H. Davidson, of
Dunshaughlin, and many others. Nor can we omit
to mention one who has been recently called away,
the Reverend Maxwell Coote, Rector of Killoughey.
He was at the time of his death the " father " of the
diocese, and had spent the most of his ministerial life
in Meath. He was remarkable for his liberality, and
during his lifetime subscribed regularly to many poor
parishes in his own immediate neighbourhood. By his
will he left 2,000 for the endowment of his own parish
of Killoughey, 1,000 to Tullamore, and 1,000 to
Bally boy. The residue of his estate, which it is expected
will reach something close on 30,000, he left to the
poor parishes of the diocese of Meath, being the largest
benefaction which the diocese has received since the
time of disestablishment.

Looking back on these years, we may now ask,
what is the progress that has been made ? But when
we come to answer this question, we become conscious
of the fact that the real tokens of progress are of a kind

A FINAL RETROSPECT 247

that cannot be tabulated. y The Kingdom of Heaven
does not come with observation, and hence the
historian can give no account of how sinners have been
led to Christ, and saints have been strengthened, and
believers have been built up in their most holy faith.
These are things that are known to the great Master in
Heaven, and to Him alone. All we can do is to tell
about material things the building of churches, the
collection of funds, the perfection of organization, and
the like. But things like these, though not in them-
selves spiritual, are not without their significance, and
may be taken as outward signs of that which is inward
and spiritual. Those who love the house of God
sufficiently to give of their substance for its support,
are more likely to be true worshippers of Him to whom
the House belongs than those who never make any
sacrifice or practice any self-denial for the sake of their
religion. With these thoughts then in our minds, we
may take a retrospect of the past thirty-seven years,
and record what has been accomplished in that time.
And first, with regard to the church fabrics. Some
churches, we know, have been closed, and some dis-
mantled. It has always been with regret that such a
course has been taken, and in some cases churches that
are really not required for the districts in which they
are placed have been preserved and used for occasional
services. On the other hand, no less than nine new
churches have been built. These are : the Church
of Foyran, built by subscription, and consecrated in
1876 ; the Church of Shannon Bridge, in the Parish of
Clonmacnoise, built by Captain Charles Dunne, with
some help from the parishioners and others, and conse-
crated in 1877 ; the Chapel of Moydrum, built by Lord
Castlemaine, and consecrated in 1879 ; the Church of
Moyliscar, built by Mrs. Tottenham, consecrated in

248 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

1880 ; The Church "of Burrow, built by the Honourable
Otway Fortescue Toler, consecrated in 1881 ; the
Church of Syddan, built by funds bequeathed by
Miss Elizabeth Ball, and consecrated in the same year ;
the Church of Lynally, built by the bequest of Captain
Howard Bury, and the gift of his wife Lady Emily
Bury, consecrated in 1887 ; the Church of Donagh-
patrick, built by Mr. Thomas Gerrard, and his sisters,
Mrs. Collins and Mrs. Johnston, consecrated in 1897 ;
and the Church of Skryne, built by Sir John Dillon,
Bart., with some help from the parishioners, and
consecrated in 1904. These are for the most part
buildings of great beauty some of them small, but
all of them adequate for the wants of the districts in
which they are placed.

As to the other churches, it would be impossible
now to record how much has been done in the way of
restoration, and merely to enumerate the buildings
which have been renewed would be to give a list which
would include almost every church in the diocese. The
old square pews, which were at once unsightly and
inconvenient, have so completely disappeared, that
many in the rising generation can have no idea of the
arrangements that were to be found nearly everywhere
in the days of their elders.

Before disestablishment the repairs of churches
were executed chiefly by the Ecclesiastical Com-
missioners, and it was feared by many that when the
expense of supporting the ministry was thrown upon
the people, it would put such a tax on their energies
that the church fabrics would inevitably be neglected.
The result has shown that this was by no means the
case. As soon as parishioners felt that they were
themselves responsible for the care of their churches,
they rose well to the occasion, and spared neither

A FINAL RETROSPECT 249

expense nor trouble in preserving and beautifying
their sanctuaries.

Turning now to the finances of the Church, the
record of the diocese for the past thirty-seven years
has been remarkable indeed. From the first a large
and yearly increasing sum had to be paid for the
support of the ministry and of the various organizations
connected with the Church. Not only has this been
met, but a large sum has been laid by, the interest on
which is available for carrying on the work. There
is a prevalent idea that the greater part of the capital
which the Church has saved is due to the liberal terms
obtained under the Irish Church Act. That a con-
siderable sum has been gained in this way has already
been shown, though it is to be remembered, as has also
been pointed out, that the arrangement was as
advantageous to the government as it was to the Church.
It may be well, however, taking Meath again as our
example, to show how much of the capital is due not
to the financial operations of the Representative
Church Body in dealing with commutation capital,
but to the generosity of the Church members, who
contributed year by year to the building up of the
diocesan funds. Taking the balance-sheet of the
Diocese of Meath for the year 1905, and excluding all
sums which have been derived directly or indirectly
from the concessions made in the Irish Church Act, we
have the following items :

s. d.

Parochial Endowments, contributed since the

passing of the Disendovvment Bill . . . . 54.587 4 2
Half the Composition Endowments, which had to

be subscribed in each case . . . . 16,635 I2 TI
Episcopal Endowment, excluding Composition

Balance of Bishop Butcher . . . - 26,170 o o

Stipend Fund No. i, excluding Composition Balances 92,573 15 9

Supplemental Fund . . . . . - 304 6 9

Stipend Fund No. 2, excluding Composition Balances 1,778 3 5

250

HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

Diocesan Endowment Fund
Poor Parish Fund
Cairnes Fund
Bolton Fund
Morgan Fund

Paid for purchase of Glebes
Widows and Orphans Fund
Superannuation Fund
See House

s. d.

2,079 6 4

890 5 7

2.870 18 9

3.731 14 10

9.767 6 8

24,237 12 9

788 9 2

7,072 o o

1.577 8 4

245,064 5 5

This large sum altogether arises from the contribu-
tions of the churchmen of the diocese, and it tells
us how nobly they have risen to their responsibilities.
This does not include Mr. Coote's bequest, nor certain
sums contributed for endowment of various parishes,
which are not vested in the Representative Church
Body. If these be taken into account, the amount
would scarcely fall short of 300,000.

Nor is the spirit of liberality dead. Another of the
fears which timorous souls expressed was that when the
generation passed away who had witnessed disestablish-
ment, their successors would not have the same
enthusiasm, nor be so ready to make sacrifices on
behalf of the Church. That this fear, too, is groundless
is shown by the response which has just been made to
the appeal of the Representative Church Body for an
Auxiliary Fund, which is to cover loss resulting from
the reinvestment of money that had been lent on
mortgage. To that appeal, Meath has already
promised a contribution of 22,861, and in this
liberality has surpassed every diocese in Ireland.

While thus providing for the work of God within
her own borders, and for the general necessities of the
Church at home, the diocese has not been unmindful
of other claims, but contributes a sum of over 2,000
a year to missions and charities. Of late years

A FINAL RETROSPECT 251

missionary conferences and missionary exhibitions
have been held in various centres, and those who are
so faithful to their own Church have shown that they
have sympathy also with the Church abroad, and are
ready to support those who are engaged in the glorious
work of extending the Kingdom of Christ.

There is, unfortunately, a reverse side to the picture
which cannot be left out of sight. The Church popu-
lation of the diocese has decreased and is still
decreasing to an alarming extent. Since the days of dis-
establishment one-third of our Church people have left
the diocese. We see the result in diminished congrega-
tions, in schools closed, or kept open with difficulty, and
with an attendance barely sufficient to satisfy the
requirements of the National Board. It becomes
increasingly difficult to have efficient parish organiza-
tions, and in some parishes the smallness of the number
who gather together for worship on Sundays must have
a depressing effect alike on minister and on the
congregation. One of the causes is the tendency, which
shows itself in the rural parts of England as well as in
Ireland, of the population to leave the country
districts and flock into the towns. Another is the
abandonment of tillage, and the turning of large tracts
of land into grazing farms, thus requiring less labour.
These are causes which are not peculiar to our island,
but are felt all over the kingdom. But there are
besides causes which are peculiar to Ireland. The
tide of emigration to America and the British colonies
has swept away many of our people. Then, the
tendency of recent legislation^ and of the new land laws
is more and more oppressive* to' ? land owners, and is
every day loosening the ties whicr/bind them to their
ancestral homes. Altogether the outlook is not promis-
ing. We can solace ourselves that the loss to the diocese

252 HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF MEATH

is not a loss to the Church, for those who have left us
have brought to their new homes the religion which they
learnt at home, and in the far-off west, or in Africa or
Australia, they still continue in the good old way ;
but this thought, though it may comfort us, does not
make the work here at home less difficult. Yet we
must not grow weary in the work, for those who are
still left to us require the more care and encouragement
as we see them bereft of the support which numbers
can give. This, however, is our great difficulty, and in
view of it we can only pray for God's grace, that we may
not become weary in well-doing.

After all, though we have this discouragement, we
have, as has been pointed out, many things to
encourage us, and as we look forward we know that
in the history of a country events never stand still,
and therefore we may rest assured that the present
conditions will not always continue. One thing we
learn from the history that has just been recounted,
that the pessimists who foreboded disaster have always
been wrong ; and if we keep this in mind it will give
us courage for the future. God has not preserved us
through so many vicissitudes, and saved us through
so many dangers, merely that in the end we should
fail from lack of numbers. We may rest assured that
He has a work in store for the Church in Meath, and
in the meantime we must simply wait in patience,
faithfully performing the present duty that He gives
us, and ready, whenever the call comes from Him, to rise
to higher responsibilities.

APPENDIX.

APPENDIX.

I.

CHURCH PLATE.

THE churches in the Diocese of Meath are, for the
most part, well provided with suitable vessels for the
celebration of the Holy Communion. Except in a
few instances, they are of silver, and many of them
are both interesting and valuable. Although the
author cannot write as an expert on this subject, he
trusts that a short description of some of the most
interesting of these vessels will not be unacceptable
to the reader.

It is possible that the oldest piece of silver in
possession of the diocese is the small chalice, still in
use in the parish of Mayne. It has evidently been
often repaired, and the cup seems to be of much later
date than the base. On neither is there any hall mark,
but, judging from the shape of the base, it may be
of pre-Reformation date. After the fourteenth century
the foot of the chalice was made hexagonal in plan,
so that the cup might not roll when laid on its side to
drain after it had been rinsed out. After the Reforma-
tion the shape was changed, so that the new Com-
munion Cup might bear no resemblance to the old
" Massing Chalice," and it then assumed the form
with which we are so familiar in most of our churches. 1
If the Mayne Chalice were modern, we might not be
justified in thus arguing as to its age, for the tendency
of later times is to return to ancient models ; but
in its present form it manifestly belongs to a time

1 Encyclopedia Britannica.

256 APPENDIX

when no such tendency had shown itself, and hence
we may probably affirm that, in part, this chalice is
the oldest vessel that we possess.

There is a somewhat similar chalice at Athlone,
which has the inscription, " Ex dono Mariae Dodwell,
unoris Henrici Dodwell, S.T.D." ; and on the base,
" For Saint Mary's Church of Athlone," with the words
added, " Renovatus a Robert Handcock, D.D., 1815."
Here again the same explanation is possible, that the
base is of greater age than the cup. The Doctor Henry
Dodwell here commemorated was one of Cromwell's
preachers, and his name will be found in the list already
given. But at the Restoration he seems to have been
dispossessed, for we find that in 1661 John Stevens
was appointed to the Vicarage of Athlone and Rectory
of Ballyloughloe, and three years later paid first fruits
for these two parishes, as well as for the parishes of
Kilcleagh, Drumraney, Gallen, and Rynagh. He
was, it may be noted in passing, father to the founder
of Stevens' Hospital, in Dublin. This raises a question
as to the position which Dodwell held. Although one
of Cromwell's preachers, his degree shows that he
must have been in Holy Orders, and, therefore, might
have continued in the incumbency, as did many others.
Possibly he may have died about the time of the
Restoration, as it is not without significance that the
chalice is presented not by him, but by his wife.

There is besides at Athlone a paten, probably also
of the seventeenth century. It has no inscription.
The other plate is interesting, though not so old. The
flagon is large, and seems to have had at one time
somewhat hard usage. The lower part is much
crushed, and the lid, which was originally attached
by a hinge, appears to have been taken off roughly
with a chisel. The hall-marks are not legible. The
inscription reads : " The gift of Henry St. George,
brother to Arthur St. George, Esq., to the Parish and
Parish Church of St. Mary, Athlone, Anno 1702, The
Revd. Edward Wallen being Rector." There is also
a large flat paten, of the same date, with the inscrip-
tion : " Ex dono Francisci Lambert ad usum Ecclesiae
St. Mariae, Athlone, 22 Junij 1702." Athlone also
possesses a large heavy alms dish, with the inscription :

APPENDIX 257

" The gift of Henry St. George, Esqr., to St. Marye
Church in Athlone."

The church of Eglish has an old paten, which bears
on the back the date 1559. On the front it has the
inscription : "Ye Church at Eglish, 1775." There
is no hall-mark. The curate in charge informs me
that he has shown it to a friend who is somewhat of
an expert, and that he thinks that it was very
probably made in the year 1559, and given to Eglish
in 1775. If this surmise be correct, it is the oldest
dated piece of plate that we possess. The same church
has a flagon which is somewhat remarkable. It is
nine inches high, like a tankard, with a lid attached
by a hinge, and a handle at one side. The bottom is
of oak. The rural dean remarks, "It is doubtful if
this is an ecclesiastical vessel at all. It is like an old
pewter pot in shape." Very probably it was not
originally intended for church use, for in those old
days they frequently employed vessels that we would
not now consider suitable for the service of 'the Holy
Communion. The chalice and paten formerly
belonging to the disused church of Knockmark are
held on loan by this parish. The chalice is inscribed :
" This Chalice and Stand belong to the Parish Church
of Knockmark, 1819." The paten has, " This Stand
and Chalice belong to the Parish Church of Knock-
mark 1819." The peculiar use of the word " stand "
is worthy of notice.

There is in the parish of Durrow a chalice, which,
from the hall-marks, appears to be of the date 1632
or 1633. The Rev. S. de C. Williams writes concerning
it, " It has the letters B.T. rather coarsely but deeply
cut on it, almost obliterating some letters finely
engraved, which look like F.G. From a comparison
between the two inscriptions, it only requires a slight
effort of the imagination to think of B.T. as a vulgar
upstart, who thought he could take the place of a
man of culture and refinement by seeking to obliterate
his initials by putting his own over them. Beneath
this double pair of initials are the letters C.M., en-
graved in the same way as the letters, which I think
are F.G. The silver in this chalice is still fairly thick,
but the hall-mark was stamped so deeply in it on the

VOL. II. S

258 APPENDIX

outside that it is now appearing on the inside."
Durrow has also a silver flagon, with the inscription :
" This piece of plate was given by Mrs. Francis Fox
for the use of the Parish Church of Durrow, Anno. Dom.
1732 ;" a paten, which has engraved on it, " The Gift of
Francis Fox of Durrow to the Parish Church ; "
and a second paten, " Presented to Durrow Church
by Toler R. Garvey, 23rd June, 1881."

It would appear that the rebellion of 1641, followed
by the usurpation of Cromwell, caused most of the
old church plate to be lost. The Protector, we know,
seized it wherever he could, and melted it down for
coinage. It need not surprise us, therefore, to find
that most of our silver is of subsequent date to those
events. The chalice of Killucan has the London
hall-mark of 1663, and is still in perfect condition.
It has the inscription, " Parrish of Killuquen Cupp
1664. GW : AD : Churchwardens." The same parish
has also a large silver paten, " The Gift of Mrs. Jane
Nugent of Clonlost to the Parish Church of Killukan,
December the gth, 1742." It has the Dublin hall-mark

of 1734-5-

In Kells there is a chalice and paten which,
according to the Dublin hall-mark, were made in 1663.
The chalice has the inscription on the cup, " Hoc
Poculum Pertinet Ad Ecclesiam Parochialem Sancti
Columbae de Kells 1665," and on the base, " Donum
Ambrosij lones S.T.D. Archdiaconi Midensis." The
paten has " Ecclesiae de Kells 1665." There is
also a large paten or alms dish it would be large for
the former, but small for the latter with the inscrip-
tion, " Ecclesia de Kells, A.D. 1671." Archdeacon
Ambrose Jones, who seems to have been the donor of
all three, was one of Cromwell's preachers, but
managed to adapt himself to the varying opinions
of the time, and so held possession of the living after
the Restoration. He became Bishop of Kildare in
1667, but does not seem to have vacated Kells until
1678, when he was succeeded by another of the same
family, William Jones. Kells has also a very hand-
some flagon, which, with a second chalice and paten,
were presented by Archdeacon Lewis. On the flagon
is engraved " I.H.S. In Usum Ecclesiae Xti Apud

APPENDIX 259

Kells. Deo O. M. D.D.A. Georgius Lewis, Arch-
diaconus Meidensis. Anno 1724." The Chalice has,
" In usum Ecclesiae Christi apud Kells. Deo O. M.
D.D.D. Georgius Lewis, Archdiaconus Meidensis.
1727." The paten has simply the letters I.H.S. with
a cross enclosed in halo. There are, besides, two
collecting plates, with a dove engraved, evidently in
reference to the founder of the church, St. Columba,
and around it the words, " For the Church of Kells,
May the 8th, 1738." All these are of English plate.

The church of Clonard has a chalice presented in
1677, and repaired in 1796. It has two inscriptions
recording these facts. " Ex dono Susanna Loftus,
April i5th, anno 1677 ; " and " Renew'd by Lady
Jane Loftus, June 22nd, 1796." The hall-mark is of
the date 1795, showing that the cup is of later date than
the base. There is also a paten, with the inscription,
' The Gift of Lettice Loftus to ye Church of Clonard
1718."

The old plate of Athboy dates from 1678, and is
in bad condition. An electro-plate set is in ordinary
use. The old chalice gives the name of the vicar,
Robert Parkinson, and of the churchwardens, Thomas
Bligh and Robert Fame, with the date. It was
evidently repaired at a later date, for it has also the
names of John Hopkins and Thomas Tandy, church-
wardens, 1749. The paten has no inscription.

In Skryne there is a chalice and paten, both of
which bear the same inscription : " This was dedicated
to the Church of Skriene by the Honourable Mrs. Mary
Dillon, May 30th, 1680." There is also in the same
parish a fine silver flagon, and a large paten or alms
dish.

The old chalice of Loughcrew has already been
noticed. It bears the inscription " Die In Usum
Eccliae De Loughcrew in Com Miden Dicavit Ric
Dudell Vic. Anno Dom 1683. The same parish has
an old silver paten, and three plated chalices, two of
them dated 1843 ; the third without date.

The parish of Almoritia has some beautiful and
valuable plate. The oldest is the chalice and paten,
which are inscribed, " The Gift of L. M. E. to the
Parish of Rathcondra, 1691." The flagon has " The

260 APPENDIX

Gift of Lewis Meares, Senr., Esqr., and Elizabeth his
wife to ye Parish Church of Rathconrath, 1698."
Like many other flagons, it has a whistle at the end
of the handle, which would seem to show that it was
not originally intended for church use. There is a
second paten of somewhat later date, " The Gift of
John Meares, Esqr., to the Parish of Almoritia, 16
Sepr., 1763." They have also a curious silver gilt
chalice, with cover, which seems to represent a pine-
apple. Quite lately a pocket Communion Service has
been presented to the parish, for use in the visitation
of the sick. It consists of glass bottle with silver top,
paten and chalice, and has the inscription, " The Gift
of Kate Devenish Meares, Almoritia, 1904."

Galtrim Church has a paten with the inscription,
" Golthrim Church, 1686." Reference has already
been made to the curious cocoanut chalice which, in
1733, belonged to this parish. It may, perhaps, be
assumed that it fell out of use in 1766, for in that year
a silver chalice, st'll in use, was presented, " The Gift
of Mrs. Warren, senr., to the Church of Galtrim."
Laracor, with which Galtrim is united, has two chalices
and a paten of eighteenth century silver. One of the
chalices has the inscription, " The Gift of Carrot
Wesley, Esqr., To ye Church of Larracor, 1723."
This, as will be noted, was presented to the parish
during the incumbency of Dean Swift.

The chalice and paten of Ratoath date from 1693.
Both have the same inscription, " The Gift of Kathern
and Dorcas Bolton to the Parish Church of Ratoath
on Easter Sunday 1693." The Boltons lived at that
time at Lagore, and for close on a hundred years the
rectory was held by members of this family. Henry
Bolton was appointed in 1677 ; he was succeeded in
1688 by Doctor John Bolton, who resigned in 1720,
and was followed by Richard Bolton, who continued in
the incumbency until his death in 1761. The three
incumbencies thus fall short by six years of the
century. The flagon was presented during the last of
these three incumbencies, and was " The Gift of Mrs.
Sarai Norman to the Church of Ratoath, A.D. 1743."
A member of the Norman family, Thomas Lee Norman,
succeeded to the rectory in 1761, being presented by

APPENDIX 26l

the " true and undoubted patron/' Mr. Thomas Bolton,
of Lagore. Belonging to the same union is some
valuable but more modern plate : a chalice and paten,
dated 1716, belonging to the church of Kilmoon ; and
a chalice and paten, dated 1776, belonging to Kilbrew.
The two latter are inscribed, " The Gift of Ham Gorges,
Esq., to the Church of Kilbrew, April nth, 1776."

When the church of Kilmore was closed, the plate
was sent for custody to the Representative Church
Body, and was by them entrusted on loan to the
Warden of Wilson's Hospital, for use in the chapel of
that institution. It consists of a chalice and paten,
both of which bear the same inscription, " Parish of
Kilmore, June ye 6th, 1698." There have been added,
round the inside of the base of the chalice, and on the
under side of the paten, the words, " In usum Ecclesiae
Wilson's Hospital. Hill Wilson White, S.T.D., Custos
A.S. MDCCCC." The warden informs me that " the
handsome silver Communion vessels belonging to the
chapel of Wilson's Hospital were stolen some forty
years ago." Wilson's Hospital also possesses a modern
paten, which is thus described : "It has rim chased
with oak leaves between four Maltese crosses. The
centre is depressed, and bears the Sacred Monogram
I.H.S. It is supported on an hexagonal stem, divided
into two portions by embossed knob, and rests upon
a hexagonal foot." It has the inscription, " A.M.D.
Hanc Patinam fieri fecit H. W. White, S.T.D., Custos,
in usum Ecclesiae Wilson's Hospital. A.S.
MDCCCXCI." There is also a silver and glass cruet
flagon, inscribed, " A.M.D.G. In usum Ecclesiae
Wilson's Hospital. D.D. H. W. W. MDCCCXCI."

There are a chalice and paten at Trim, which are
interesting on account of having been presented to
the parish by Bishop Dopping. They both have the
inscription, "The Gift of Anthony J., Bp. of Meath,
To ye Church of Trymm 1696." It will be remembered
that the bishop was rector of Trim. This arrangement
was first made under Bishop Montgomery, but the
rectory was not finally appropriated by letters patent
until 1648, when it was so granted to Bishop Dopping.
Lord Drogheda makes sarcastic reference to this fact
in r the extraordinary letter which has been already

262 APPENDIX

quoted. There is a second chalice, " The Gift of Mrs
Mary Lightbourne and Mrs. Jane Lloyd to St. Patrick's
Church of Trymm ; " and a second paten, " The Gift
of Mrs. Mary Lightbourne and Mrs. Jane Lightbourne
to St. Patrick's Church of Trymm." The Light-
bournes were long connected with the Parish of Trim,
and one of the family became curate to Dean Swift
at Laracor. The rest of the Trim plate was presented
by Dean Butler. It consists of a flagon and two alms
dishes. The flagon was presented in 1855, ^d com-
memorates that Dean Butler had then been Vicar
of Trim for thirty-five years ; the alms dishes were
presented, one at Whitsuntide, 1855, and the other at
Easter, 1859.

The Parish of Raddonstown has a chalice and paten,
presented to the church in 1697, by Mr. William
Connalle. The silver chalice and paten belonging to
Moyglare, in the same union, is modern.

Some eighteenth century and more modern plate
has been already noted ; for the rest, it may suffice
to mention only those which have more or less interest-
ing inscriptions.

In Ballyloughloe there is a chalice and paten, " The
Gift of the Revd. Robert Smyth, late Vicar of Bally-
loughloe, July, 1706." There is also a small chalice,
" From Lord Sunderlin to the Parishioners of the
Parish of Drumreny ; " another paten, ' The Gift
of the Revd. John Travers, Vicar of Ballyloughloe.
Feb. 9, 1775 ; " and a small paten, which has the
inscription, " In usum Infirmorum Dedicavit Johannes
Travers Vicarius De Ballyloughloe."

In the Union of Moynalty, the chalice and paten
of Newtown date from 1709. The Church of Moynalty
itself has a chalice with the inscription, " Ex dono
Johannis Chaloner, An. Dom. 1714 & Georgij Regis
Primo." There is also a paten dated 1724.

The old Communion plate of Kingscourt consists
of one chalice and two plates. It has the following
inscription : " The gift of Mrs. Elizabeth Pratt and of
her only child Mervyn Pratt, Esq., to the Parish
Church of Enniskeen, County of Cavan, 1710."
Beneath this is a cross and the monogram, I.H.S.
A beautiful new service, consisting of two chalices and

APPENDIX 263

a flagon, was presented to this parish by Mr. J. Pratt
in 1905.

The chalice of Dunshaughlin is without hall-mark
or date, and should probably be placed much higher
up in our list. It is very light, and of dark silver, and
has the inscription, " C. of donsaghlin." The oldest
dated plate belonging to the parish is a small paten,
" The gift of Henry Webb, Esq., to ye Parish Church
of Dunsaghlin. Anno 1711." Noah Webb, Dean of
Leighlin, was incumbent of this parish from 1692 to
1696. Doubtless the Henry Webb here commemorated
was a member of his family. The flagon belonging to
this church is inscribed, " Dunsaghlin Church. Anno
1719." Of the other churches in this union, Bally-
maglasson has a chalice and paten dated 1812. Rath-
beggan has electroplate.

In Castlelost the chalice and paten are inscribed,
" The Gift of Mdme Hannah Rochfort to the Church
of Castle Loss in Westmeath, 1712." The Rochforts,
as we have already learned, were munificent bene-
factors of this parish. The flagon is modern silver.
Of the other churches in the union, Moyliscar has a
silver chalice, of which I have not been able to ascertain
the date. Enniscoffy has flagon, chalice, and paten,
dated 1892.

The Stackallen plate consists of flagon, chalice,
and paten. All of them have the same inscription,
" The Honble Frek. Hamilton, Esqr. Eccles ye 7,
verse ye ist. Chap, ye ist, verse ye 7th. He died iober
ye loth, 1715, & is buried in ye Parish Church of
Stackallen." In the centre is engraved a skull and
cross bones. The silver belonging to Pay nest own is
not particularly interesting. It consists of a flagon and
paten (the chalice and another paten is electroplate).
There is also a silver alms dish, " Presented to Pains-
town Church in loving memory of Arthur George
Murray and his dear Wife Eliza Knight Murray, by
their sorrowing sons and daughters, 1897." The text
is added, " God shall wipe away all tears from their
eyes."

The plate belonging to Kilbeggan Church is hand-
some and valuable. It is all of heavy silver. The
oldest piece is the paten, which has the inscription,

264 APPENDIX

' The Gift of Brabazon Newcomen to ye Church of
Kilbegan, 1717. Enlarged by ye Parish 1750." Next
comes the chalice, which is " The Gift of Brabazon
Newcomen, Esq., to the Church of Kilbeggan, 1723."
There is also a flagon, " The Gift of Lieut. Col. Lambart
to the Church of Kilbeggan, 1754 ; " and an alms
dish, " The Gift of Charles Lambart to the Parish of
Killbeggan, 1768." It will be noticed that in many
of the inscriptions that have been quoted, the spelling
of the names of parishes is peculiar. One would have
thought that in the case of Kilbeggan there would be
little room for variation, but we find that the name
is spelled in three different ways on these vessels.
The parish of Ardnurcher, in the same union, has only
plated vessels, formerly belonging to Lynally. Some
years ago the silver belonging to this parish was stolen
by burglars, who broke open the church. The
probability is that it was melted down by them, and
therefore can never be recovered.

In the parish of Rynagh (Banagher) there is an
interesting chalice and paten, both of which bear the
inscription, " Ex Dono piissimee Anae Baronissae de
Louth Ecclesiae Parochiali de Reynah Diocesi
Medensi. Anno 1719." There is also a large silver
paten, dated 1815.

In Delvin there is a chalice with cover, bearing the
inscription, " The Gift of the Rev. Samuel Hodson to
ye Parish of Delvin, being Vicar Thereof, A.D. 1720."
Also a silver paten bearing the Fitzgerald crest.
Killallon, with which Delvin is united, has flagon,
chalice, and paten, inscribed, " The Gift of the Rev.
Jeremy Walsh, deed., near 60 years Vicar of Killallon,
1789." It would appear that in 1825 there were
two chalices, but if so, one of them has been
lost.

Forgney possesses an interesting chalice, " The
Free Gift of Freke Sandys, Esqr., to the Church of
Forgney, Anno Domini 1722." Also a paten, " The
Gift of the Rev. Dean Harman To the Parish Church
of Forgney, 1770 ; " and a flagon of modern plate which
was presented by Mrs. Frances Harman. It has an
alms dish, " In Memory of the Right Honourable
Colonel E. R. King Harman, M.P., who died June

APPENDIX 265

1888 ; " and a paten, which was the gift of the Rev.
J. H. Rice in 1895.

The parish of Ballymore has a chalice which dates
from 1723. It is inscribed, " The guift of the Parishrs
of Ballymore. Ye Revd. Wm. Piers, Minister. George
Lennon and John Dawson, Churchwardens. 1723."
This was one of the parishes which were appropriate
to the see. Accordingly we find that, in 1734, the
bishop presented a flagon and paten. The flagon
bears the inscription, " D.O.M. In usum Ecclesia
Parochialis de Ballymore in Diocesi Midensi Rite
Reverendus Arthurus Divina Providentia Midensis
Episcopus Hanc Langenam. D.D.C." The paten
bears the same inscription, substituting the word
" Patinam " for " Langenam."

The Newtown Fertullagh Plate is old, and the
chalice and paten are worn very thin, indeed worn
through in places. The hall-marks are not decipher-
able, but the date may be fixed approximately by
the inscription on chalice and paten : " This belongeth
to Newtown Fertullagh Church in ye Diocese of Meath.
John Shadwell, M.A., Rector." Shadwell vacated
the parish in 1724. There is also a flagon, which was
" The bequest of the late Barry Lowe of Newtown,
Esq., 1781."

The chalice of Syddan was " The Gift of David
Nixon to the Church of Syddan, A.D. 1731." The
paten was acquired when the Rev. Brabazon Disney
was vicar. He was appointed in 1788. fo\

A chalice and paten at Tisaran dates from 1735.
Two brass alms dishes were lately presented to this
church, bearing the inscription, " A Thankoffering
for God's protecting Care, the 2nd July, 1905." They
were presented by a young lady in the parish who had
a narrow escape from drowning.

Ardbraccan has been for many centuries the
residence of the Bishops of Meath. Naturally, there-
fore, the handsome and valuable Communion vessels
were episcopal gifts. A chalice and paten were pre-
sented by Bishop Maule in 1744, and a flagon, chalice,
paten, and alms dish were given by Bishop Henry
Maxwell in 1782.

Agher has a chalice presented by Hercules Langford

266 APPENDIX

Rowley in 1747 ; also a flagon and two patens.
Drumcree has a chalice and paten presented by
Thomas Smyth in 1752.

Dunboyne has for paten an ordinary sideboard
salver, with three legs, dated 1763 ; also an old chalice ;
and a very fine flagon, deposited, at present with the
Representative Church Body.

The chalice of Tara dates from 1755 ; the flagon
and paten from 1766.

The church plate of Saint Mary's, Drogheda, dates
from 1767. The flagon and paten have the inscription,
" In usum Ecclesiae B. Mariae de ponte piorum muni-
ficentia. A.D. 1767." The chalice has " Ecclesiae
Beatae Mariae de ponte Gulielmus Graves Armiger.
A.D. 1767." The silver vessels at Colpe were presented
by Mr. William P. Cairnes in 1904. They have also
an electroplate chalice and paten, given to the parish
in 1815 by Mr. Henry Smith.

Taughmon Church has chalice and paten dated
1770. The Portnashangan plate dates from 1823.
This parish has also a small set of sacred vessels for
use in the visitation of the sick.

The Kentstown chalice is the gift of the Rev. J.
Ball, who was appointed rector in 1786. All the
other vessels are electroplate.

The Mullingar plate dates from 1791, and consists of
two chalices and two patens. They have also two
electroplate flagons of the same date and a small
service for use in the visitation of the sick, which was
acquired in 1902.

The silver chalice at Clonfadforan is dated 1794.
There is also a silver flagon which was " A Gift from
the Countess of Belvidere to the Church of Tyrrels-
pass, June 25th, 1825."

Of early nineteenth century plate, which has not
been already noticed, it may suffice to refer to the
chalice of Kilshine, presented by the Rev. Mungo
Noble in 1802, and another chalice, presented to the
same parish by Mr. John Pollock in 1815 ; the chalice
and paten of Leney, " Dedicated to God, and for
the use of the Church of Leney, by Alexander Murray,
Esq., Mount Murray, 1808 ; " the flagon, chalice,
and paten of Kilnegarenagh, which was " The gift

APPENDIX 267

of Thomas Homan Mulock, Esq., of Bellair, to the
Church of Liss, 1811 ; " the large and handsome
vessels belonging to Tullamore, which were acquired
in the early part of the century ; and the flagon,
chalice, and paten of Killochonnigan, which were
" The Gift of Elizabeth, Countess of Darnley, 1823."
The paten of Drakestown, dated 1817, and the chalice
and alms dish belonging to the same parish, and dated
1824. Mention may also be made of a chalice at
Julianstown, with the inscription, " For the use of the
Parish of Gillingstown ; " and of another at Kilkenny
West, " The Gift of Captain Richard Newstead to
ye Church of Kilkenny West." Both of these are
doubtless much older than those we are now noticing,
but as the plate marks are absent or undecipherable,
the date cannot be fixed.

Three sets of more modern plate deserve special
mention. First, the chalice, flagon, and silver-mounted
glass flagon of Lynally, which were presented to the
church by the Countess of CharleviUe, when it was
consecrated in 1881. In the same church there is a
brass almsdish, the workmanship of the Rev. W. F.
Falkiner, Rector of Killucan, by whom it was pre-
sented to the Parish. It is a very handsome and
beautiful piece of beaten brass work, and bears the
inscription "IAAPON AOTHN AFAIIA o eEOs." Then, the
very beautiful and costly set, consisting of a flagon,
two chalices, and a paten, presented by the Rev.
Francis Swift, afterwards Dean of Clonmacnoise, to the
Parish of Kilbixey, of which he was then rector ; and,
lastly, the flagon, chalice, and paten, presented in
1891 to the Parish of Donaghpatrick by Mr. Thomas
Gerrard.

There is, besides, a good deal of electroplate, but
for the most part of no particular interest. Special
mention need only be made of the chalice and two
patens belonging to Nobber. These were presented
by Bishop Henry Maxwell, who was rector of the
parish, in 1792, but for many years they were lost and
fogotten. A short time ago they were brought to
Mr. Wilkinson of Navan, who purchased them, and
restored them to the parish. Before being handed
over to the rector, they were renewed and replated

268 APPENDIX

at the expense of Sir John Dillon, Bart. They are
now in regular use at the celebration of Holy Com-
munion. They bear the inscription, "The Gift of
the Right Honble. and Revd. Henry Lord Bishop of
Meath to the Church of Nobber. A.D. 1792. Samuel
Murphy, Curate. Francis Hopkins, Joseph Russell,
Churchwardens. Lost for many years. Restored
A.D. 1907."

The only pewter vessel remaining seems to be a
chalice at Almoritia. There are, however, pewter
collecting plates at Ballyboy, Enniskeen, Moate,
Mount Nugent, Kilmainham Wood, Loughan, Moy-
glare, Kilnegarenagh, Tisaran, and Durrow.

Many parishes still possess the old copper collecting
boxes, with long handles, which are sometimes
irreverently referred to as " warming pans." In most
cases they have quite gone out of use, and are preserved
merely as curiosities. It is to be feared that many
will be lost, unless some means are taken for their
preservation. It is not likely that they will ever again
come into use, but, having been once employed in the
service of the Church, they ought to be rescued from
the fate of the rubbish heap.

Some plate has been lost, it is to be feared, through
the carelessness of the custodians. We have already
referred to the cases of Ardnurcher and W r ilson's
Hospital. In Ratoath they had two silver collecting
plates in 1825 ; there is only one at present. At
Clonmellon a chalice is missing which was there in
1825. In Duleek, the " cup, chalice, and paten in
good order," which were there in 1825, have dis-
appeared, and their place is taken by poor electro-
plate, acquired in 1827. ^ n Slane they had two silver
cups in 1825, and both of them seem to have dis-
appeared. These are the only cases of loss that I can
trace ; and, when we remember that such valuable
possessions were often left to the care of sextons, we
can only wonder that the loss has been so small.

APPENDIX 269

II.

BISHOPS OF MEATH.
FROM THE DATE OF THE SYNOD OF KELLS (1152).

AT the Synod of Kells, as we have already seen, the
various small dioceses in the district were consolidated,
and formed into one whole Diocese of Meath. This
may, therefore, be taken as the proper time from
which to trace the succession of bishops.

1152. Eleutherius O'Meehan held the See of Clonard at
the time of the Synod of Kells. He died in 1174.

1174. Eugene succeeded, and assumed the title of Bishop
of Meath.

1194. Simon Rochfort was the first Englishman preferred
to the See. He was consecrated in 1194, and died in 1224.
He changed the Episcopal seat from Clonard to Newtown near
Trim.

1224. Deodatus, elected by the clergy of Meath, but,
according to some, died, before his consecration, in 1226.

1227. Ralph le Petit, had been Archdeacon of Meath, and
was elected in 1227. He was a very old man, and only
survived his elevation until 1230.

1232. Richard de la Corner, or Nangle, a canon of St.
Patrick's, Dublin, was consecrated in St. Peter's, Drogheda,
in 1232. He died in 1250.

1250. Geoffrey Cusack is not generally counted among
the Bishops of Meath, as there was a long continued contest
about the election. It seems clear, however, that he was
actually consecrated, and held the See for some time.
5 *V{ 1255. Hugh de Taghmon, " a pious man of a venerable
life," was the rival of Geoffrey Cusack. As late as r255 he is
spoken of as " bishop elect," and sometime after this was conse-
crated. He was made Lord High Treasurer of Ireland by
King Henry III. He died in i28r, and was buried at
Mullingar.

1287. Thomas St. Leger was elected in 1282, but was not
consecrated until 1287, when he was raised to the episcopate
at Kilkenny, John de Sandfort, Archbishop of Dublin, and
Roger, Bishop of Ossory, being consecrated the same day.
He died in 1320.

1321. John O'Carrol, was consecrated Bishop of Cork
in 1302, and succeeded to Meath, by the Pope's provision, in
1321. He was translated to the Archbishopric of Cashel in
1327-

270 APPENDIX

1327. William de Paul, sometime Provincial of the Order
of the Carmelites, was consecrated at Avignon in 1327. He
died in 1349.

1350. William St. Leger, Archdeacon of Meath, was elected
by the synod of the clergy, and then appointed by the Pope's
provision, which ignored the election. He was consecrated by
the Bishop of Winchester, and died two years later, in 1352.

1353. Nicholas Allen, Abbot of St. Thomas's, Dublin, was
consecrated in 1353, and died in 1366. He was appointed
Treasurer of Ireland in 1357.

1369. Stephen de Valle, was consecrated Bishop of
Limerick in 1360, and was from thence translated to Meath
in 1369. He died at Oxford in 1397, an( * was buried there.
He was for a time Treasurer of Ireland.

1380. William Andrew, consecrated Bishop of Aghadoe
in 1374, and translated to Meath in 1380. He died in 1385.

1386. Alexander Petit, or De Balscot, became Bishop of
Ossory in 1371, and was translated to Meath in 1386, at the
request of the clergy of the diocese. He died at Ardbraccan
in 1400, and was buried at Trim.

1402. Robert Mountain, Rector of Kildalkey, was
appointed Bishop of Meath by the Pope's provision. There
was some delay in his consecration, as King Henry IV. wished
to promote his own confessor, Robert Mascal. Mountain,
however, was consecrated in 1402, and sat until his death in
1412.

1413. Edward Dantsey, Archdeacon of Cornwall, was
appointed in 1413, and held the See until his death in 1429.
He was High Treasurer of Ireland, and for a time Deputy to the
Lord Lieutenant.

1430. William Hadsor was appointed by the Pope in
1430. On the death of Bishop Dantsey, Thomas Scurlock,
Prior of Newtown, seems to have been elected, but he failed
to obtain confirmation of his election from the Pope. Hadsor
only survived until 1334.

1434. William Silk, Rector of Killeen, was appointed
by the General Council of Basil in 1434. He died at
Ardbraccan in 1450, and was buried at Killeen, where his tomb
may still be seen in the ruined church.

1450. Edmund Ouldhall, A Carmelite of Norwich, suc-
ceeded in 1450. He died, and was buried at Ardbraccan in

*459-

1460. William Sherwood was appointed by the Pope in

1460. He was for a time Deputy to the Lord Lieutenant, and
afterwards Lord Chancellor of Ireland. He died at Dublin in
1482, and was buried at Newtown.

1483. John Payn succeeded in 1483, and died at Dublin
in 1506. In 1496 he was appointed Master of the Rolls.

1507. William Rokeby, Vicar of Halifax, was appointed

APPENDIX 271

by the Pope in 1507. He had already held the office of Lord
Chancellor of Ireland. He was translated co the Archbishopric
of Dublin in 1511.

1512. Hugh Inge succeeded in 1512. He was translated to
Dublin in 1522.
,* 1523. Richard Wilson was appointed in 1523, and died in

1529-

1530. Edward Staples, Commendatore of the Hospital
of St. Bartholomew in London, was appointed by the Pope's
provision in 1530. He was deprived by Queen Mary in 1554,
and died shortly afterwards.

1554. William Walsh was appointed when Staples was
deprived, but was not consecrated for some time afterwards.
He was deprived by Queen Elizabeth in 1565, and for a time
imprisoned. Afterwards he retired to Spain, and died there in

1577-

1563. Hugh Brady was consecrated in 1563, and died at
Dunboyne in 1583. He is buried in the church of that parish.

1584. Thomas Jones, Dean of Saint Patrick's, Dublin,
was consecrated in 1548. In 1605 he was translated to the
Archbishopric of Dublin.

1605. Roger Dod, Dean of Shrewsbury, was appointed in
1606. He died and was buried at Ardbraccan in 1608.

1611. George Montgomery, Dean of Norwich and Chaplain
to King James I., was consecrated to the Bishoprics of Derry,
Raphoe, and Clogher in 1605. He was translated to Meath in
1611, the See having been some time vacant after the death of
Roger Dod. He continued at the same time to hold the See
of Clogher. He died in London in 1620, but was brought for
burial to Ardbraccan, where his tomb may still be seen.

1621. James Ussher, Chancellor of St. Patrick's and
Professor of Divinity in Trinity College, was consecrated in
St. Peter's, Drogheda, in 1621. He was translated to the
Archbishopric of Armagh in 1624.

1625. Anthony Martin, Dean of Waterford, Fellow of
Trinity College, was consecrated in Dublin in 1625. On the
usurpation of Cromwell, he left Meath, and took up his residence
in Trinity College, where he died of the plague in 1650. He
was buried in the College Chapel.

1660. Henry Leslie, Dean of Down and Treasurer of St.
Patrick's, was consecrated Bishop of Down and Connor in
1635. He was translated to Meath in 1660, the See having
then been vacant for ten years. He only survived his trans-
lation until the next year, when he died in Dublin, and was
buried in Christ Church Cathedral.

1661. Henry Jones, Dean of Kilmore, was consecrated
Bishop of Clogher in 1645, and was translated to Meath in
1661. He died in Dublin in 1681, and was buried in St. Andrew's
Church.

272 APPENDIX

1682. Anthony Dopping, Fellow of Trinity College, Rector
of St. Andrew's, Dublin, was consecrated Bishop of Kildare
in 1678, and was translated to Meath in 1682. He was
Vice-Chancellor of the University of Dublin. He died in
Dublin in 1697, and was buried in St. Andrew's Church.

1697. Richard Tennison, Vice-Chancellor of Trinity
College, was consecrated Bishop of Killala in 1681, translated
to Clogher in 1690, and again translated to Meath in 1697.
He died in 1705.

1705. William Moreton, Dean of Christ Church, Dublin,
was consecrated Bishop of Kildare in 1682, and was translated
to Meath in 1705. He died in 1715.

1716. John Evans, Bishop of Bangor, was translated
to Meath in 1716. He died in 1724.

1724. Henry Downes, Minister of Brington Church,
Northamptonshire, was consecrated Bishop of Killala in 1717.
From thence he was translated to Elphin in 1720, and from
Elphin to Meath in 1724. He had yet another translation
in 1727, when he left Meath and went to Deny.

1727. Ralph Lambert, Dean of Down, was consecrated
Bishop of Dromore in 1717, and was translated to Meath in
1727. He died in 1732.

1732. Welbore Ellis became Bishop of Kildare in 1705,
and was translated to Meath in 1732. He died in 1734.

1734. Arthur Price, Dean of Ferns, was consecrated
Bishop of Clonfert in 1724. From thence he was translated
to Ferns and Leighlin in 1729, and in 1734 he became Bishop
of Meath. Ten years later, in 1744, he was again translated
to the Archbishopric of Cashel.

1744. Henry Maule, Dean of Cloyne, was consecrated
Bishop of Cloyne in 1726 ; he was translated to Dromore in
1732 ; and came to Meath in 1744. He died in 1758.

1758. The Honourable William Carmichael, Archdeacon
of Bucks, was consecrated Bishop of Clonfert in 1753. From
thence he went to Ferns and Leighlin in 1758, and in the same
year was again translated, to Meath. In 1765 he became
Archbishop of Dublin.

1765. Richard Pococke, Archdeacon of Dublin, was
consecrated to the See of Ossory in 1756. He was translated
to Meath in 1765, and died the same year, just as he was about
to hold his first visitation.

1765. Arthur Smyth, Dean of Deny, was consecrated
Bishop of Clonfert in 1752. He was translated to Down and
Connor in 1753; he came to Meath in 1765, and finally was
translated to Dublin in the following year.

1766. The Honourable Henry Maxwell, Dean of Kilmore,
was consecrated to the Bishopric of Dromore in 1765. He was
translated in the following year to Meath, which he held until
his death, in 1798.

APPENDIX 273

1798. Thomas Lewis O'Beirne was consecrated Bishop
of Ossory in 1795, and was translated to Meath in 1798. He
died in 1823.

1823. Nathaniel Alexander was consecrated Bishop of Clonfert
in 1802, and translated to Killaloe in 1804 ; the same year he was
again translated to Down and Connor, and finally became
Bishop of Meath in 1823. He held the See until his death,
which took place in 1840. It may be noted that no less than
fourteen successive Bishops of Meath were appointed by
translation, and that from the consecration of Anthony Martin
in 1625 to the death of Nathaniel Alexander in 1840 a period
of two hundred and fifteen years no bishop was con ecrated
for the Diocese of Meath.

1840. Charles Dickenson, Chaplain of the Magdalen
Asylum, Dublin, was consecrated in 1840, and died in 1842.

1842. Edward Adderly Stopford, Archdeacon of Armagh,
was consecrated i i 1842, and died in 1849.

1850. Thomas Stewart Townsend, Dean of Waterford, was
consecrated in 1850, and died in the following year.

1852. Joseph Henderson Singer, Archdeacon of Raphoe
and Regius Professor of Divinity in Trinity College, was
consecrated in 1852, and died in 1866.

1866. Samuel Butcher, Regius Professor of Divinity in
Trinity College, was consecrated in 1866, and died in 1876.

1876. William Conyngham Baron Plunket, Treasurer of
St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, was elected by the Synod of
Meath on the i8th October, 1876, and was consecrated in
Armagh on the loth of December in the same year. He was
translated to the Archbishopric of Dublin in 1884.

1885. Charles Parsons Reichel, Dean of Clonmacnoise,
was elected by the Bench of Bishops from names sent up to
them by the Diocesan Synod in 1885, an d was consecrated in
St. Patrick's Cathedral. He died in 1894.

1894. Joseph Ferguson Peacocke, Rector of Monkstown
and Canon of St. Patrick's National Cathedral, was elected
by the Bench of Bishops from names sent up by the Diocesan
Synod in 1894, and was consecrated in Armagh. He was
translated to Dublin in 1897.

1897. James Bennett Keene, Rector of Navan and Canon
of St. Patrick's, was elected by the Bench of Bishops from
names sent up by the Diocesan Synod in 1897, and was
consecrated at Armagh.

The following note is appended by Bishop O'Beirne
to a list of the Bishops of Meath which was drawn up
by him : " The first Bishop of Meath who was admitted
into the Privy Council, except in right of some great
State cffice, was Thomas St. Leger, in the reign of

VOL. II. T

274 APPENDIX

Edward the First. The next who appears to have been
a Privy Counsellor, without any State office, was
Edward Staples, in the reign of Edward the Sixth.
The next was Thomas Jones, called into the Privy
Council in consequence of instructions given by Govern-
ment to Sir John Perrot in 1584. The next was James
Usher, in 1621. The next Anthony Martin, in 1641.
The next was Anthony Dopping, in whose patent,
dated I4th of January, 1681, was inserted an unusual
clause admitting him into the Privy Council. Sub-
sequent to this period bishops called into the Privy
Council, as far as I can learn, were Richard Tennison,
Henry Downes, Welbore Ellis, Arthur Price, Henry
Maule, William Carmichael, Henry Maxwell, Thomas
Lewis O'Beirne." It may be added that Bishop
O'Beirne's successors, up to the time of disestablish-
ment, all enjoyed the same honour.

III.

BISHOPS OF CLONMACNOISE.

THE Church of Clonmacnoise was founded in 548, and
it became such an important establishment that there
can be little doubt but that a succession of Bishops
was kept up there from the first. Only a few of the
earlier names have come down to us.

Baitan, Abbot and Bishop, died 663.
Joseph de Rosmor, died in 839.
Maelodhar, died in 886.

Cairbre Crom, was bishop in 894, died in 899.
Loingseach, died in 918.
Colman, son of Ailill, died in 924.
Dunchadh, died in 940.
Dunadhach, died in 953.

Co* mac O'Killeen, Abbot of Roscommon, died in 964.
Tuathal, died in 969.
Conaing O'Cosgraigh, died in 997.
MaelpoU, died in 1000.
Celechar Mughohornach, died in 1067.

APPENDIX 275

Gillachrist O'Hectigern, died in 1104.
Domnald O'Dubhai, died in 1136.

Moriertach O'Melider, was present at the Synod of
Kells in 1152. He died in 1188, but resigned some
time before his death.
Tigernac, died in 1172.
Muirigen O'Muirigen, died in 1213.
Edan O'Maily, died in 1220.
1220. Melrony O'Modein, died in 1230.
1230. Hugh O'Malone, died in 1236, and was buried at

Kilbeggan.
Elias, mentioned as predecessor of Thomas in State

Papers.
1236. Thomas, Dean of Clonmacnoise, died in 1252.

1252. David O'Gillapatrick, died the same year.

1253. ^Thomas O'Quin, died in 1279.

1281. Gilbert, Dean of Clonmacnoise, consecrated at Armagh

in 1281. He resigned in 1288.

1290. William O'Duffy, died from an accidental fall in 1297.
1297. William O'Findan, Abbot of Kilbeggan, died in
1300, after which the See was vacant for three years.
1303. Donald O'Brian, Guardian of the Minorites of Killeigh.
Lewis O'Daly, died in 1337.
Henry, died in 1367.
Richard.

Philip, died in 1338.

1390. Miles Cory, appointed by Pope Boniface IX. in 1390.
He was made Lord Justice of Connaught by King
Richard II.
O'Galchor, died in 1397.

1397. Philip Mangill mentioned in the Vatican Records as

" Bishop Elect " in 1397.

1398. Peter, Abbot of Granard, died in 1411.
1411. Philip O'Mail, died in 1422.

1423. David Brendog, appointed by Pope Martin V. He

held the See for only one year, when it remained

vacant until 1427.
1427. Cormac M'Coghlan, Dean of Clonmacnoise, elected by

the Chapter. He died in 1442.
1444. John Oldais.

John (probably not the same as John Oldais), died

in 1486.
1487. Walter Blake, Canon of Annaghdown, appointed by

Pope Innocent VIII. He died in 1508.
1508. Thomas.
1516. Quintin, appointed by the Pope's provision. He

died in 1538.
1538. Richard Hogan, Bishop of Killaloe, was translated to

Clonmacnoise in 1538, and died the same year.

27.6 APPENDIX

I539- THorence Gerawan, appointed by the Pope's provision.

He died in 1554.
1556. Peter Wall. He died in 1568, after which the See

was by Act of Parliament united to Meath.

IV.
ARCHDEACONS OF MEATH.

THERE being no cathedral in Meath, the archdeacon
occupies a position corresponding to the dean in other
dioceses. He has precedence before all the other clergy,
and in former times was entitled to preside at the Synod
of the clergy, which met yearly, on the Thursday after
Pentecost. Until the time of disestablishment, the
archdeaconry was united to the rectory of Kells.

ii Helias.

1190. Ralph le Petit, sometimes called Archdeacon of

Mullingar.

1222. R .

1235. Simon de Burford. Had licence from the Pope to be

elected to a bishopric, although the son of a priest.

1264. Richard of Malmesbury.

1269. John de Dumbleton or Dubilton.

1289. John de Kenelve.

1295. William de Sidan.

1325. William St. Leger, appointed Bishop of Meath in 1350.

1350. Robert de Emeldon, Treasurer of Ireland.

1361. Matthew Crumpe.

1362. Adam Owen.
1369. Henry Poole.

1372. Matthew Crumpe again. There ,was a dispute
between the King and the Bishop as to the right of
presentation. Crumpe was appointed by the Crown.
Hugh de St. Martial, Cardinal of St. Mary's in
Porticu was also appointed by the Pope, but Crumpe
held possession against him. Cardinal Hugh after-
wards gave his adhesion to the Antipope Clement
VII., and for this reason was dispossessed.

1374. Andrew Brandon.

1386. Thomas Sprott. The Pope appointed Landulph Cardinal
Deacon of St. Nicholas in Carcere Tulliano, but
Sprott opposed the provision successfully.

1388. William Carleil, one of the Barons of the Exchequer.

APPENDIX 277

1400. Thomas Bathe or Bache, Chief Baron of the Exchequer

and Treasurer of Ireland.

William or Walter Young, Lord Chancellor of Ireland.
John White.
Christopher Dowdall.
Christopher Dowdall.
John Chambre.

Robert Luttrell. Deprived by Queen Elizabeth.
John Garvey, consecrated Bishop of Kilmore in 1585,

and translated to Armagh in 1589, but held at

the same time the Archdeaconry of Meath in

commendam.
1603. Owen Wood.
1606. Thomas Moyne, Dean of St. Patrick's in 1608, Bishop

of Kilmore in 1628.
1608. John Rider, Dean of St. Patrick's, which office he

exchanged with Moyne for the Archdeaconry ;

Bishop of Killaloe in 1612.
1613. Randolph Barlow, Dean of Christ Church, Dublin,

appointed Archbishop of Tuam in 1629, holding at

the same time the archdeaconry in commendam.
I ^33. John Bramhall, Treasurer of Christ Church, appointed

in 1634 Bishop of Derry, and on the Restoration

raised to the Archbishopric of Armagh.
1634. Robert Ussher, Canon of St. Patrick's and Provost of

Trinity College, consecrated Bishop of Kildare in 1635.
1644. Arthur Ware.
1 66 1. Ambrose Jones, appointed Bishop of Kildare in

1667.

1678. William Jones.
1681. Henry Cottingham.
1698. James Moorecraft.
1723. George Lewis.
1730. William Smyth, Dean of Ardfert
1732. James Smyth.
I 759- Charles Stone.
1799. Thomas De Lacy.
1844. Edward Adderly Stopford.
1872. Edward Fleetwood Berry, Vicar of Trim.
1875. Charles Parsons Reichel, Dean of Clonmacnoise in

1882, consecrated Bishop of Meath in 1885.
1882. Garrett Nugent.
1898. Graham Craig.
1900. John Rennison.

278 APPENDIX

V.
DEANS OF CLONMACNOISE.

Thomas, elected Bishop of Clonmacnoise in 1236.

Gilbert, elected Bishop of Clonmacnoise in 1280.

Cormac MacCoghlan, died in 1426.

Odo O'Molan, deprived by the Primate in 1549. As no
successor was appointed until 1561, the year in
which he died, it would appear that the deprivation
was not effective.
1561. William Flynn.

Miler M'Clery was Dean in 1579.
1601. William Leicester.

1628. Marcus Lynch, became Prebendary of Tuam next year.

1629. Richard Price.

1633. Samuel Clarke.

1634. William Burley, Prebendary of Tipper in St.

Patrick's, Dublin.

1661. John Kerdiffe, D.D., was Fellow of T.C.D.
1668. Henry Cottingham, became Archdeacon of Meath

in 1681.

1681. Theophilus Harrison, Canon of Kildare.
16 Stephen Handcock, deprived under James II., but

restored by King William and Queen Mary.

1697. Theophilus Harrison, probably the same as Harrison

appointed in 1681. He was appointed Prebendary

of Clonmethan in St. Patrick's, Dublin, in 1702, but

continued to hold the Deanery until his death in 1720.

1720. Anthony Dopping, son of the Bishop of Meath, became

Bishop of Ossory in 1741.
1742. John Owen, D.D., Prebendary of Christ Church,

Dublin.
1761. Arthur Champagne, D.D., Prebendary of Kildare

and Vicar of Mullingar.

1800. Charles Mongan Warburton, D.D., Dean of Ardagh.
He was consecrated Bishop of Limerick in 1806, and
in 1820 was translated to Cloyne.
1806. Thomas Vesey Dawson.
1811. Henry Roper, D.D.
1847. Richard Butler, D.D., Vicar of Trim.
1862. John Brownlow, Rector of Ardbraccan.
1882. Charles Parsons Reichel, consecrated Bishop of

Meath in 1885.

1885. Francis Swifte, Rector of Mullingar.
1900. Graham Craig.

1904. Richard Stuart Dobbs Campbell, D.D., Rector of
Athlone.

APPENDIX 279

VI.

ARCHDEACONS OF CLONMACNOISE.

Milo Mac Thady O'Connor, became Bishop of Elphin

in 1260.

Philip O'Dullachan, was Archdeacon in 1366.
James MacCoghlan, son of the Bishop, was killed in

1444.

1444. Irelius O'Melachlin.
1568. Malachi Dolaghan.
1579. Ferdoragh Malone, held the Archdeaconry until

1616.

1620. Joseph or John Ankers, was Vicar of Athlone,
Bally loughloe, and Kilcleagh in 1608.

1638. Neill Molloy, Precentor of Kildare. In 1622 he is

mentioned as Vicar of Fircall.

1639. Richard Lingard, Vicar of Athlone.

vir.

CANONS OF CLONMACNOISE.

1398. Bernard Ycellaydi.

Florence O'Shruan, was a Canon in 1444.

VIII.

ARCHDEACONS OF KELLS.

The Rectory of Nobber was united to this dignity,
for which reason the holder is sometimes styled " Arch-
deacon of Nobber."

1047. Cuduiligh.

1276. - Synan.

1287. Thomas St. Leger, appointed Bishop of Meath in

1287.

1315. William St. Leger.

1362. Henry Powell.

1380. Walter de Brugge.

1384. Adam Naas.

1401. The Bishop of Telese in Campania.

280 APPENDIX

1418. Robert Sutton.

1423. John Stanyhurst.

1534. Charles Reynolds.

1535. Thomas Lock wood, Dean of Christ Church in 1543.
1565. Thomas Lancaster.

In 1544 the Archdeaconry of Kells was united to
the Bishopric. The appointment of Thomas Lancaster
in 1565 shows that the union did not become effective
until some years later.

IX.

CANONS OF THE NATIONAL CATHEDRAL OF ST. PATRICK,

DUBLIN.

AFTER the disestablishment of the Church it was
decided to make St. Patrick's a National Cathedral,
and it was arranged that each diocese should elect a
representative canon. The Prebend of Tipper was
allotted to Meath ; and it is interesting to note that
this canonry was held in 1546 by Christopher Gaffney,
Rector of Castlerickard ; in 1567 by William Leech,
Vicar of Dunshaughlin ; in 1615 by Gilbert Purdon,
Rector of Paynestown ; in 1634 by William Burley,
Dean of Clonmacnoise ; and in 1801 by Hill Benson,
who was appointed to Ballymaglasson, though he did
not accept the parish.

1872. Charles Parsons Reichel, Bishop of Meath in 1885.
1885. James Bennett Keene, Bishop of Meath in 1897.
1897. John Healy.

X.

SUCCESSION OF THE CLERGY.

ATTEMPTS have been made from time to time to draw
up a list of the clergy in the several parishes in the
diocese. Bishop Dopping, in one of his manuscripts,
gives a few names, from which it would appear that

APPENDIX 28l

he had some such idea in his mind, but he does not
seem to have followed it up. Archdeacon Stopford
began a similar task, and made some progress ; the
result of his labours is contained in a book which is
at present preserved in the Registry of the Diocese.
The most complete list, however, is that drawn up by
the late Rev. William Reynell, whose industry in all
manner of research was a marvel to those who knew him.
The present author, being unaware of what Mr. Reynell
had done, went practically over the same ground. On
the death of Mr. Reynell his note-books dealing with
the Diocese of Meath were purchased by the Rev. J.
E. Preston, Rector of Julianstown, and by his courtesy
the author has been allowed to compare his own lists
with those of Mr. Reynell. Although in the main
agreeing, they, in nearly every parish, supplement
one another. The principal sources of information are
the First Fruits Returns, the Register of Institutions,
and the Visitation Returns. Many names, however,
have been gleaned from other sources so many that
it is quite evident that the officials must often have
forgotten to make regular entries. The lists that
follow are not given as being in any sense complete, but
the author trusts that they may be found useful as a
groundwork for further investigation.

It is to be noted that the date prefixed to a name
is the ascertained date of the commencement of the
incumbency ; the date following a name is the ascer-
tained termination of the incumbency. When the
year is given between brackets it signifies that the
clergyman is known to have held the incumbency at
that date, but that no evidence has been found to fix
it either as the beginning or the end. Where the word
" Preacher " is appended, it means that the appoint-
ment was made under Oliver Cromwell.

RURAL DEANERY OF UPPER KELLS.

UP to 1854 there was only one Deanery of Kells.
Since that date it has been divided into two, Upper
and Lower.

282

APPENDIX-

UNION OF KELLS.

Consists of Kells, Dulane, Balrathboyne, and
Balrathburry.

IN the oldest records these parishes are said to have
been united " time out of mind." With the exception
of Kells, however, none of the churches seem to have
been used since the time of the Reformation. The
Rector of this Union, up to the time of disestablish-
ment, held also the Archdeaconry of Meath. Balrath-
boyne was separated from the Union and formed into
a perpetual curacy in 1844, but was reunited to Kells
in 1892. The Church of Kells (St. Columba) was built
in 1778. The steeple, which stands separate from
the church, is part of the pre- Reformation building.
When the church was rebuilt, a spire was put on this
steeple, which seems to have been of wood, and was
blown down in a storm. The present spire was erected
by Lord Bective in 1783. The Church of Balrathboyne
(St. Baithen) was built in 1844, on a new site in Charles-
fort demesne. An iron church was erected at Balrath
Burry by the late Mr. Nicholson, and was licensed for
public worship in 1877.

ii Helias.

1190 Ralph le Petit.

1222 R .

1235 Simon de Burford
1264 Richard of Malmesbury.
1269 John de Dumbilton.
1289 John de Kenelve.
1295 William de Sidan.
1325 William St. Leger.
1350 Robert de Emeldon.

1361 Matthew Crumpe.

1362 Adam Owen.
1369 Henry Poole.
1372 Matthew Crumpe.
1374 Andrew Brandon.
1386 Thomas Sprott.
1388 William Carleil.
1400 Thomas Bathe.

1407 William or Walter

Young.
1450 John White.

1489 Christopher Dowdall.
1528 Christopher Dowdall.
1540 John Chambre.

1558 Robert Luttrell.

1559 John Garvey.
1603 Owen Wood.
1606 Thomas Moigne.
1608 John Rider.
1613 Randolph Barlow.

1633 John Bramhall.

1634 Robert Ussher.
1644 Arthur Ware.
1661 Ambrose Jones.
1678 William Jones.
1681 Henry Cottingham.
1698 James Moorecraft.
1723 George Lewis.
1730 William Smyth.
1732 James Smyth.
1759 Charles Stone.
1799 Thomas De Lacy.

APPENDIX

283

1844 Edward Adderly

Stopford, D.D.
1872 Joseph S. Bell, LL.D.
1887 John Healy, LL.D.

Curates.

William Smith (1622)
1729 John Power.

Currell Smith (1733)
1739 Stephen Bootle.

1747 J. Stanley Monck.

1748 Henry Roberts.
1752 Dixie Blundell.
1760 Christopher Betty.
1770 John Falkiner.
1773 William T. Jones.
1779 John Patterson.
1788 Francis Ennis.
1794 Went worth Shields.
1796 Jason Crawford.
1800 Thomas Morris.
1808 Frederick Augustus

Morris.

1812 John Robert Moffat.
1821 Richard Bell Booth.
1844 John Hopkins.

1846 William Mills.
1849 William Kempston.

1855 Bartholomew Labarte.

1856 Garrett Nugent.

1857 John Swifte Joly.
1862 Charles C. Fuller ton.

1864 H. H. Mac Adams.

1865 John A. Cross.
1872 F. L. Meares.

1872 H. de Burgh Sidley.

1876 Thomas R. Rice.

1877 W. J. Kingsborough.

1880 Alexander M 'Cully.

1881 Charles P. Grierson.
1883 R. R. Graham.

1885 John N. Lombard.

1886 George Healy.

1887 Edmund Lombard.
1892 Jonathan Oswald Airth

Richardson.

1895 Charles Edward Hardy.
1898 Frederick W. Knight.
1901 Beresford Townsend

Gahan.
1907 Marcus Henry Moore

Given.

UNION OF MOYNALTY.

Consists of Moynalty, Newtown, Kilbeg, Robertstown,

and Emlagh.

The union of Newtown, Kilbeg, Robertstown, and
Emlagh was formed in 1802, and these parishes were
joined to Moynalty after disestablishment. The
Church of Moynalty (St. Mary) was built in 1819.
Originally the church of the union of Newtown was
at Kilbeg, but later the Church of Newtown was
erected, and is still in use.

MOYNALTY.

1416 Peter de la Felde.
1564 Nicholas Talbot

John Carte (1604).
1618 Thomas Smyth.

John Brookes (1634).
1641 Henry Pemberton.
1674 William Jones.

1681 Thcophilus Harrison.

1682 George Proud.
1693 Thomas Tucker.
1740 Charles Meredith.
1745 John Brett, D.D.
1768 Edward Day.
1772 Charles Woodward.
1793 Hon. Edward Taylour.

284

APPENHFX

1803 WiUiam Kellctt.
1851 Henry Brougham.
1865 John W. Dundas, D.D.
1893 John Beatty, LL.D.
1907 Bennett Samuel Rad-
cliffe.

Curates.

1739 James Sheridan.
Philip Smith (1826).
Charles James Lambert

(1842).

NEWTOWN.

1618 Hugo Skinner.

William Smyth (1622).
1630 Thomas Williams.

1666 Alexander Abercrombie.
1693 Thomas Tucker.
1728 Thomas Tucker, Jun.
J 733 James Latimer.

1740 Charles Meredyth.
1745 Charles Newton.
1748 John Bradshaw.
1753 Gerald Macklin.
1769 Thomas Simcocks.
1800 Went worth Shields.
1829 Joseph Stevenson.
1863 Henry Ashe.

Frederick Fitzwilliam

Trench, 1869.
1870 James Staunton.

Curates.

William Brabazon (1826)
1860 Johnston H. Acheson.

KILBEG.

John Fitz Johns (1622)
1684 James Moore.
1692 Thomas Tucker.

1717 Thomas Tucker, Jun.
1747 John Bradshaw.
1769 Thomas Simcocks.
1800 Wentworth Shields.
1802 United to Newtown.

ROBERTSTOWN.

John Fitz Johns (1622)
1684 James Moore.
1692 Thomas Tucker.
1747 John Bradshaw.
1802 United to Newtown.

EMLAGH.

1644 Ambrose Jones.
1682 John Stearne.
1703 Thomas Grantham.
1709 Alexander Abercrombie.

1718 Thomas Tucker.
1747 John Bradshaw.
1800 Wentworth Shields.
1802 United to Newtown.

PARISH OF LOUGH AN.

Very little record of this parish is preserved.
Ussher makes no mention of it, and within the last
hundred years the Rural Dean reported that after
making diligent enquiry he was unable to find it.
There are two ancient church sites in the parish. An
iron church (St. Kieran the Pious) has been erected
on a new site. The parish is now served by the in-
cumbent of Munterconnaught, in the Diocese of
Kilmore.

1860 H. Hugh O'Neill.
A. G. Elliott, 1868.
1868 Denis Knox.

1885 Joseph King.
1890 Albert King.
1894 John Thomas Webster.

APPENDIX 285

PARISH OF KILSKYRE.

The Church (St. Sciria) was built early in the nine-
teenth century, and stands on the top of the hill in the
village of Crossakeel. The original site is about a mile
distant.

1385 John Taaf. 1769 Hon. Joseph Bourke.

1408 William Silk. 1772 John Andrews.

1442 Richard Stanyhurst. 1777 Michael Daniel.

Richard Lindson (1604) 1806 Hon. Pierce Butler.

Richard Purdam (1622) 1808 Thomas De Lacy.

1662 Thomas Bladen, D.D. Henry Ormsby, 1818.

1664 John Creighton, D.D. 1844 Richard Bell Booth.

1670 Richard Duddle. 1866 John M. Maguire.

1697 George Adams. 1867 Louis M. Maunsell.
1703 Ralph Lambert.

1709 Richard Moreton. Curates.

1717 Josias Hort. Charles Woodward (1768)

1721 Robert Howard, D.D. John O'Neill (1826).

1723 John Ward. R. A. Martin.

1765 Dixie Blundell. 1860 Richard Booth.

RURAL DEANERY OF LOWER KELLS.

UNION OF KlLMAINHAM WOOD.

Consists of Kilmainham Wood and Moybologue.

The Records of Kilmainham W T ood are very im-
perfect. It is not mentioned by Ussher. The church
(St. John the Baptist) was built in 1806. In 1877 the
Parish of Moybologue, formerly in the Diocese of
Kilmore, and a chapel of ease to Bailieborough, was
united to this, and at the same time a new church
(St. Columba), not on the old site, was consecrated.

1791 John Kellett. 1878 James E. H. Murphy.

1808 Thomas Foster. 1882 John Beatty, LL.D.

1853 Hugh Gelston. 1896 William F. Legge.

1861 Charles Conry. 1904 Herbert M. C. Hughes.
1867 Thomas Robinson, LL.D.

286 APPENDIX

UNION OF ENNISKEEN.
Consists of Enniskeen and Ardagh.

Both these parishes were formerly united to the
bishopric, and were chapels of ease to Nobber. In

1784 Enniskeen was made a Perpetual Curacy. The
church (St. Ernan) was built at the end of the eighteenth
century. After disendowment, the Parish of Ardagh
was united to Enniskeen. The Church (St. Patrick)
was consecrated in 1806.

ENNISKEEN. Curate.

1622 Edward Roberts. 1873 Thomas Rudd.

1723 Edward Cassidy.

1785 James Stopford.

1788 John Nevin. ARDAGH.

1799 Thomas Frederick Knipe

Arthur Rolleston. 1723 Edward Cassidy.

1816 William Pratt. 1806 William H. Woods.

James Wolfe Charlton. 1816 Michael De Courcey.
1844 Robert Winning. John M'Causland (1825)

Edward Norman. 1826 William Pratt.

Thomas Moriarty. Arthur Stephenson

Francis Briscoe. ( T 842).

1861 Hugh Gelston. Edward Fairtlough

1894 James Harte. (1848-1872).

UNION OF DRAKESTOWN.

Consists of Drakestown, Castletown-Kilpatrick, Knock,
Staholmock, Cruicetown, and Nobber.

In 1740 a union was made of the Parishes of Drakes-
town, Castletown-Kilpatrick, and Knock. The church
(St. Patrick) is in Castletown-Kilpatrick, and was built
in 1820. In the old documents this Parish is call Kil-
patrick, and it is sometimes impossible to determine
whether this or Kilpatrick in the Union of Rathgraffe
is meant. Where such doubt exists, a query (?) is put
after the name. The Parish of Nobber was formerly
appropriate to the Archdeaconry of Kells, and when
that dignity became attached to the See, the bishops
became rectors. The church (St. John the Baptist)
was built in 1717. It was formed into a Perpetual

APPENDIX

287

Curacy in 1784. Staholmock and Cruicetown were
united to Syddan in 1823, but the union does not seem
to have taken effect immediately, as some later
appointments to these parishes are noted. The present
Union of Drakestown was formed shortly after dis-
establishment.

DRAKESTOWN.

1616 James Trench.
1638 John Hoskins.
1660 William Sheridan.
1660 John Kerdiff.

1664 Ambrose Jones.
1679 Mark Ussher.
1702 Thomas Forbes.
1718 Philip Whittingham
1740 Michael Whittingham.
1780 Samuel Close.

1813 Robert Longfield.
1835 Edward Nixon.
1847 William Mackesy.

1883 Charles Faussett.

1884 H. B. Hewson.

1886 W. W. Burbury.

1887 William Frederick

Alment.

Curates.

1862 John Fleming.
J 873 James Smyth Franks.

1868 Thomas George Irwin.

1869 Richard Smyth.

CASTLETOWN-KILPATRICK.

1386 John Asserby(P).

Nicholas Boyle, 1595 (?)
1595 Thaddeus Boyle (?)

1616 Daniel Clarke (?).

1617 William Smyth.

1665 Ambrose Jones.
1682 Thomas Hawley.
1702 Thomas Forbes.

1740 United to Drakestown.

KNOCK.

William Smyth (1622).
1641 Nathaniel Nanscome.

1664 Ambrose Jones.

1702 Thomas Forbes.

1740 United to Drakestown.

STAHOLMOCK.

1613 John Forsith.

1621 Hugh Symes.

1622 Thomas Wilson.

1623 William Donnellan.
1625 William Gleeson.
1633 Richard Mattheson.
1664 Ambrose Jones.
1682 John Sterne.

1703 Thomas Grantham.
1721 Richard Bolton.

John Bolton 1761.
1761 John Bradshaw.
1769 John Bowden.

Marmaduke Cramer,

1788.

1788 Brabazon Disney.
1823 United to Syddan.

1830 Thomas Birney.

1831 Benjamin Hobart.

CRUICETOWN.

John Fitz Johns {1622).

1628 vSamuel Clarke.

1664 Ambrose Jones.

1682 John Sterne.

1703 Thomas Grantham.

1721 Richard Bolton.

1761 John Bradshaw.

1769 John Bowden.

1776 Marmaduke Cramer.

1788 Brabazon Disney.

1823 United to Syddan.

1830 Thomas Birney.

1830 Thomas Dawson Logan.

288

APPENDIX

NOBBER.

1418 Robert Sutton.
1535 Thomas Lockwood.

William Medcalfe (1622).
1754 Thomas White.

John Gorges (1785).

John Gibbons (1791).
Thomas Frederick
Knipe, 1799.

1799 James Ellis.

1832 John Wynne M'Causland.

1868 Moritz Kaufman.

DEANERY OF SLANE.

UNION OF SLANE.
Consists of Slane, Fennor, Grangegeeth, and

Monknewtown.

This Union seems to have been made in the
eighteenth century. The only church is that of Slane
(St. Patrick), which was built in 1712, and enlarged in
1830.

SLANE.

1312 John Fleming.

Roger Winter, 1386.
1386 Robert Sutton.
1389 Richard Bone vy 11.
1402 William Rowe.

Mr. Adyn (1431).
1431 William Sutton.

Thomas White, 1615.

Edmund Southern

(1633-)

1667 Arthur Ellis.
1673 Dermot Sullivan.
1676 Laurence Jones.
1695 John Burton.
1702 John Barton, D.D.
1719 Ossory Medlicott.

1719 Samuel Holt.

1720 John Maxwell.
1763 Bernard Dogherty.
1786 Mervyn Archdall.
1792 Thomas Brownrigg.

1814 Moore Smith.

1815 Brabazon Disney.
1831 John James Disney.

1865 John Westropp Brady.
1902 Charles Edward Hardy.

Curates.

Joseph Ridgway.

1857 J. B. Doyle.

1858 John Leared Irvine.
1860 Brabazon Thomas

Disney.

FENNOR.

Edward Southerne
(1622).

Thomas Bateson (1633).
Laurence Jones (1693).

GRANGEGEETH.
Nicholas Tedder (1622).

MONKNEWTOWN.

Nicholas Tedder (1622).

Samuel Holt (1733).

APPENDIX

289

UNION OF PAYNESTOWN.

Consists of Paynestown, Ardmulchan, Knockcommon,
Stackallen, Gernonstown, Dunmoe, and Rathkenny.

The parishes of Paynestown and Ardmulchan were
united in 1672. The church (St. Mary) is old, but was
practically rebuilt in 1823. Stackallen, Gernonstown,
and Dunmoe were united in 1677, but the union seems
to have been ineffective, for they were again united in
1803. The Church (St. Mary) was built in 1815. The
Parish of Knockcommon was formerly in the Union
of Duleek. Rathkenny Church (St. Canice) is still
preserved, though no longer in use. These churches
were served by the same clergyman from the time of
disestablishment, but the actual union did not take
place until 1902.

PAYNESTOWN.

James Winfrey (1546).
1550 Cornelius Coyne.

1559 Terence Larr.

1560 Adam Loftus.

Gilbert Purdam (1615).
I 633 Jocelyn Ussher.

1684 Joslin Barnes.
1682 Michael Jephson.
1688 Lawrence Jones.
1695 John Barton.
1702 John Barton, D.D.
1718 Samuel Holt or Richard
Fisher.*

1763 Hon. George Maitland.

1764 Hon. Thomas Stopford.
1794 Brinsley Nixon.

1799 George Brabazon.

1807 George Brabazon.

1851 Somerset Lowry Towns-
end.

1854 Peter D. Digges La
Touche.

1902 William Coates Harvey,
LL.D.

Curates.

1615 William Mulligan.

Edward Sowtherne

(1622).

J. Burton (1733)-
1850 Francis R. Sadleir.

ARDMULCHAN.

1542 Roger Doreham.
1550 Cornelius Coyne.

William Phillips (1622).
1628 Samuel Clarke.

1671 Richard Tennison.

1672 United to Paynestown

Curate.
1693 Laurence Jones.

KNOCKCOMMON.

William Hayley (1622).

William Lloyde (1633).

Launcelot Dowdall

(1713)-
1816 United to Duleek.

* Holt, according to Diocesan Register ; Fisher, according to First Fruits
Book.

VOL. II. U

APPENDIX

STACKALLEN.

John Staneyhurst, 1413.
1413 Christopher Hunt.

Edward Sowtherne

(1622).

1688 Edward Parkinson.
1721 Richard Fisher.
1768 William Nesbitt.

William Marshall (1799).
1800 George Hardman.

1828 Brabazon William
Disney.

John Hopkins, 1842.
1852 Thomas Gordon

Caulfield.

1854 Peter Digges La Touche.
1859 Paulus O. Singer.

1867 Achilles Daunt.

Frederick Wetherell.

1868 John H. Freke.

Curates.

Thomas Green (1693).

Francis D. Hamilton

(1826).

1859 Mervyn Archdall Clare.
1863 Edward AugustusLester.

GERNONSTOWN.

1616 William Hayley.
1632 Thomas Bateson.
1636 William Meoles.
1665. Darby Sullivan.

Edward Parkinson
(1676).

1721 Richard Fisher.
1800 United to Stackallen.

DUNMOE.

Robert Nicoll (1622).

Roger Puttock.
1641 John Bodkin.
1721 Richard Fisher.
1800 United to Stackallen.

RATHKENNY.

1542 John Tyrrell.

John Robynson (1622).
1630 William Lloyd.
1665 Roger Jones.
1667 William Meoles.
1670 William Meoles.
1673 James Mandesley.

John C. Brown (1693).
1696 Richard Reader, D.D.
1699 Arthur Forbes, Sen.

John Grace (1733)-

Thomas Greene, 1743*
1743 Arthur Forbes, Jun.
1784 Charles Roberts.
1800 Robert Henry.

1808 Barry M 'Gusty.

1814 Anthony Adams.

1832 Robert Patrick Dansey

Hamilton.

John William Allison,
1872.

Curate.
Francis Davidson (1826).

UNION OF DRUMCONRATH.

Consists of Drumconrath, Innismot, Loughbraccan,
Syddan, Killary, and Mitchelstown.

Drumconrath Church (St. Peter) was erected in
1766. The Union of Syddan, Killary, and Mitchels-
town was made in 1734. The Church of Syddan (St.
David) is a new one, and was built by a bequest of the
late Miss Elizabeth Ball. It was consecrated in 1881.
Innismot retained its independent existence until
1833, when it was " suspended," there being no church,

APPENDIX

2QI

and only five Protestant parishioners. Loughbraccan
was formerly in the Union of Nobber, but was trans-
ferred to this Union when it was formed, consequent
on disestablishment.

DRUMCONRATH.

1387 Nicholas Fleming.

Thomas White (1622).

1635 Augustus Arland Ussher.

1680 Robert Parkinson.

1699 Arthur Forbes.

1737 Arthur Forbes, jun.

1783 Bartholomew Lutley
Scleater.

1791 Hon. Richard Bourke.

1795 Hon. Joseph Bourke.

1795 Hon. Hamilton Cuffe.

1811 James Wilmot Ormsby.

1813 John William Keating,
D.D.

1817 Henry Dawson.

1819 Hon. Skeffington Preston

1844 Edward Michael Hamil-
ton.
Lyndon Henry Bolton

(1868).

R. Gordon Cumming,
1872.

1872 Samuel Law.

1892 William J. Kittson.

1896 Stephen Radcliff.

Curates.

1855 James J. Duncan.
1861 Matthew Lord Eaton.

INNISMOT.

William Metcalfe (1622).
1737 Arthur Forbes.
1783 William R. Hawley.
1799 Valentine Duke.

William Hawkins (1799).
1807 George Brabazon.

Brabazon W. Disney
(1826).

LOUGHBRACCAN.
1410 William Alexander.
1621 John Forseath.

1621 Nathaniell Chapman.
1639 James Beswicke.

SYDDAN.

1544 Henry Teeling.

1545 Edward Karlan.
1553 Maurice Flanagan.

William Medcalfe (1622)
1685 John Stearne.
1693 Thomas Whalley.
1729 John Bradshaw.
1769 John Boden.

1776 Marmaduke Cramer.

1777 Robert Erving.
1788 Brabazon Disney.
1823 Brabazon W. Disney.

1828 George Hardman.

1829 William Brabazon, 1872.

Curates.

1860 Alexander Mulholland.

1868 John Carter.

1869 John William Allison.

K1LLARY.

1560 Richard Birmingham.

1622 George Sing.
1626 William Griffin.
1630 Richard Lingard.

John Caryford.

James Beswicke.
1661 John Matthews.
1677 Robert Erwing.
1685 John Sterne.
1687 James Grantham.
1700 Thomas Grantham.

1703 John Sterne.

1704 Michael Hartlie.
1729 John Bradshaw.
1741 Thomas Whalley.
1741 Isaac Mann.
1751 Oliver Brady.

292

APPENDIX

1761 Thomas or John Lucas.
1769 John Bowden.
1776 Marmaduke Cramer.
1786 James Stopford.
1788 Brabazon Disney.
1797 George Lambart.
1820 William Gregory.

MlTCHELSTOWN.

William Medcalfe (1622).
1685 John Stearne.
1693 Thomas Whalley.
1729 John Bradshaw.
1734 United to Syddan.

UNION OF DONAGHPATRICK.

Consists of Donaghpatrick, Kilberry, Clongill, Kilshine,

and Teltown.

A new Church (St. Patrick) has been built r at
Donaghpatrick by Mr. Thomas Gerrard, which was
consecrated in 1897. The Union of Donaghpatrick and
Kilberry was formed in 1801. Clongill and Kilshine
were united in 1809, and they still remain technically
a separate Union ; for, although served by the Rector
of Donaghpatrick, the union with that Parish has
never been ratified by the Synod. Kilshine Church
(St. Sinche) was consecrated in 1812.

DONAGHPATRICK.

1551 Redmond Ledwich.

John Wingfield (1622).
William Davyes, 1628.

1638 George Dunbar.

1639 Robert Worrall.
1660 William Sheridan.
1677 Laurence Jones.
1683 Edward Roberts.
1724 David Roberts.
1761 Joseph Pasley.

1772 Nathaniel or Willianf

Preston.

1796 John O'Connor.
1803 George O'Connor.
1843 George Everard.
1863 Henry Thomas Wilmot.
1863 William Maziere Brady,

D.D.

1872 Duncan J. Brownlow.
1882 John Andrew Jennings.
1896 Duncan J. Brownlow

(re-appointed).
1904 Henry Edmund Patton.

Curates.

Richard Carter (1842).
1870 Francis M. Hanlon.

KILBERRY.
1449 John Stackboll.

William Botiller (1498).

Edward Delahyde 1535.
1535 Robert Luttrell.

1560 Richard Birmingham.

1561 William Brady.
1584 John Arward.
1616 William Davis.

William Phillips (1622).
1628 Samuel Clarke.

1633 William Smith.
1 68 1 John Twells.
1671 Henry Cottingham.
1688 William Lightburne.

Thomas Greene, 1743.
1743 William Paine.
1767 Richard Godley, D.D.
1791 Richard Vincent.
1801 United to Donagh-
patrick.

APPENDIX

293

KlLSHlNE,

1638 John Hoskins.
1660 John Kerdiff.
1672 Edward Williams.
1674 James Moore Clarke.
1692 Edward Roberts.
1724 Henry Roberts.
1763 Gerard Macklin.
1771 Dawson Crow.
1790 Wardlaw Ball.
1805 Robert Barker.
1809 Thomas Sutton.
1844 Anthony Blackburne. '"'
1850 Thomas Adderley Stop-
ford.

Curates.

1850 Thomas Burton.
1862 Thomas Irwin.

CLONGILL.

Robert Haket (1422).
1616 James Trench.
1638 John Hoskins.
1660 John Kerdiff.
1671 Edward Williams.
1673 Richard Jones.
1638 Edward Roberts.
1729 Theophilus Roberts.
1780 William Hale.
1788 Francis Taylor.

Francis Jones (1789).

1792 Thomas Butler.

1793 Mungo H. Noble.

1 809 United ^to ^Kilshine .

TELTOWN.

16 William Davys.
1660 William Sheridan.

RURAL DEANERY OF DULEEK.

UNION OF DULEEK.
Consists of Duleek, Ardcath, Dowth, and Timoole.

The Union of Duleek was formed in 1816. The
only church is that of Duleek (St. Keenan), which
was built in 1816 and consecrated in 1826. The ruins
of the old abbey church stand in the graveyard.

DULEEK.

1616 William Hayley, St.
Kennies.

Edward Hayward (1622),

St. Mary's.

William Hayward (1633),

St. Mary's.

William Lloyd (1633),

(St. Kennies).

Thomas Bladin, preacher

(1658).

John C. Brown (1693).

Mr. Higgins (1694).
1708 J. or Henry Echlin.
1716 John Hatch.
1719 Launcelot Dowdall.
1753 William Bradish.
1788 William Slessor Hamil-
ton.

1813 Moore Morgan.

1814 Joseph Turner.
1831 Edward Batty.

1856 J. George Digges La

Touche.
1863 Alfred Hamilton.

294

APPENDIX

1863 William Hoyte.
1868 Brabazon W. Brunker.
1878 Henry Ashe.
1906 Charles Horatio Walter
Hammick.

ARDCATH.

John Bolt (1421).
1533 Edward Serle.
1616 William Hayley.

William Lloyde (1633).
1670 William Meoles.
1700 James Cooper.
1712 Piers Collingwood.
1793 Robert Shanley.
1813 Moore Morgan.
1816 United to Duleek.

DOWTH.

Nicholas Tedder (1622).

1667 Arthur Ellis.
1674 George Booker.
1692 John C. Brown.

1699 Thomas Cox.
John Echlin (1733).

1753 William Bradish.
1816 United to Duleek.

Curate.

Launcelot Dowdall

(1733).

TlMOOLE.

Richard Coffy (1622).
1673 William Meoles.

1700 James Cooper.
1712 Piers Collingwood.
1793 Robert Shanley.
1813 Moore Morgan.
1816 United to Duleek.

UNION OF ST. MARY'S, DROGHEDA.
Consists of St. Mary's, Colpe, Mornington, and Donore.

St. Mary's Church was erected in 1810. The Union
of Colpe, Mornington, and Kilsharvan was formed in
1826. After disestablishment, Colpe and Mornington,
with Donore, were joined to Drogheda, and Kilsharvan
was transferred to Julianstown. Colpe Church (St.
Columba) was built in 1809.

ST. MARY'S, DROGHEDA.

1376 Bartholomew Dullard.

Robert Sutton, 13^6.
1387 Roger Winter.
1615 John Egerton.
1618 Robert Burton.
1660 Thomas Burton.

Michael Briscoe, preacher
(1658)

ffaithful Geale, preacher

(1658).

John Hook, preacher

(1658).

1683 John Mandsley.
1708 John Echlin.

1763 Thomas Ferguson.
1768 Samuel Lindsay.
1774 Humphrey French, D.D.
1778 Charles Crawford.
1821 James Crawford.
1844 Richard Carter.
1862 James Rynd Briscoe.
1872 John Archer.
1905 Thomas Redmond Brun-
skill.

Curates.

1756 Richard Bun worth ^
James Hamilton (1818).
1846 Richard Carter.

APPENDIX

295

1868 Arthur William Wynne

Durham.

1889 William M'Kenna.
1898 William Coates Harvey.
1901 Herbert A. S. Merrick.
1904 Charles Horatio Walter

Hammick.

COLPE.

Robert Burton (1622).

John Echlin (1733).
1763 Samuel Preston.
1780 Felix O'Neill.
1784 John Barrett.
1793 John Lever.

1807 Moore Morgan.

1808 Robert Gore Whistler.
1813 Robert Whistler.

1815 Hugh Shields.
1820 Charles Ferguson.
1826 Alexander Johnston

Montgomery.
1841 Joseph Druitt.

1869 Danby Jeff ares.

Curate.

1870 John W. Chambers.

MORNINGTON.

Robert Burton (1622).

DONORE.

Launcelot Dowdall

(1622).
1719 Robert Burton.

UNION OF JULIANSTOWN.

Consists of Julianstown, Ballygarth, Clonalvey,
Kilsharvan, Moorechurch, and Stamullen.

^ The Union of Julianstown, Moorechurch, Stamullen,
and Clonalvey, was made in 1813. Ballygarth was an
independent Parish, though without a church, until
1844, when, on the death of John Burdett, the tithes
were vested in the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. Kil-
sharvan was added to this Union after disestablish-
ment. The Church of Julianstown (St. Mary) was
built in 1770. Within recent times it was completely
restored and almost rebuilt, though some of the old
work still remains. It is now being enlarged, and a
handsome steeple is being erected, by Colonel Pepper,
D.L., of Ballygarth Castle.

JULIANSTOWN OR NANY.

1615 Thomas Lees.
1628 Launcelot Lowther.
1660 Thomas Burton.
1673 Henry Goldwyer.
1673 William Meols.
1688 Gabriel Meols.
1694 Thomas Langdall.

1700 James Cooper.
1712 Piers Collingwood.
1732 Stewart Wilder.
1771 Anthony French.
1780 Henry Blacker.
1793 William Slessor Hamil-
ton.

1813 Robert Shanley.
1821 John W. Beauman.

296

APPENDIX

1828 William Vandeleur.

1844 Henry Moore.

1879 Frederick Henry Smith,

M.D.
1884 John Evans Preston.

Curate.

Edward Fairtlough

(1842).

BALLYGARTH.

1392 William White.
1398 Robert May.

John Derbishire (1604).
1615 Richard Purdon.

Thomas Lees (1622).
1679 Thomas Fitz Symons.
1688 Gabriel Meols.

1693 William Meols.

1694 Thomas Langdall.
1706 Henry Matthews.
1740 Daniel Jackson.
1746 John Jackson.
1774 Richard Moore.
1776 John Bayly.
I 799 J onn Burdett.
1841 Suspended.

CLONALVEY.

Nicholas Tedder (1622).
1637 Adam Jones.

1692 Joceline Barnes.
1692 John Brown.
1708 Henry Echlin.
1716 John Hatch.
1720 Launcelot Dowdall.
1753 William Bradish.

William Slessor Hamil-

ton, 1813.

1813 Robert Shanley.
1821 United to Julianstown.

Curates,

Thomas Langdall (1693).
1708 John Echlin.

KlLSHARVAN.

Adam Jones (1622).
1651 Thomas Burton.

1688 Thomas Burton.
1692 John Brown.
1705 Henry Moore.
1708 Henry Echlin.
1716 J. Echlin.
1716 John Hatch.
1763 Thomas Ferguson.

Charles Ferguson, 1826.
1826 Alexander Johnston.

Curate.
Thomas Langdale (1693)

MOORECHURCH.

1541 William Pentney.
1615 Thomas Lees.
1628 Launcelot Lowther.
1673 William Meols.
1688 Gabriel Meols.
1700 James Cooper.
1712 Piers Collingwood.
1771 Anthony French.
1780 Henry Blacker.
1821 United to Julians town.

STAMULLEN.

1398 Hugh Lange.
1403 Philip Blake.

Thomas Comwalsh.

Thomas Caddell, 1536.
1536 Simon Geffrey.

1615 Thomas Lees.

1616 William Hagley.
1628 Henry Leslie.
1632 Thomas Butson.
1636 William Meoles.
1688 Thomas Burton.
1692 Joceline Barnes.
1692 John Brown.
1708 Henry Echlin.
1716 John Hatch.

1720 Launcelot Dowdall.
1753 William Bradish.
1789 William Slessor Hamil-
ton.

Curates.

John Echlin (1622).

_ Thomas Langdall (1693),
1708 John Echlin.

APPENDIX

297

UNION OF KENTSTOWN.

Consists of Kentstown, Danestown, Ballymagarvey,
Brownstown, Staffordstown, and Rathfeigh.

The Union of Kentstown, Danestown, and Bally-
magarvey was made in 1801. Rathfeigh and Staffords-
town were formerly in the Union of Skryne, to which
they were united in 1677. The Church of Kentstown
(St. Mary) was erected early in the nineteenth century.

KENTSTOWN.

Luke Ussher (1622).
1677 Laurence Jones.
1702 John Barton, D.D.
1718 John Matthews.
1724 Patrick Lyon.
1759 Bernard Dogherty.
1786 James Stopford.
1786 John Ball.
1800 John Toler.
1832 Richard George.

Charles J. Lambert, 1857.
1857 John George Brighton.
1872 Andrew Robinson.
1878 Alfred T. Harvey.
1886 Edward Goff.

1898 James Henry Rice.

Curates.

1826 Henry Gibson.
1868 Oliver Brighton.

DANESTOWN.

Richard Hone, 1549.
1549 Christopher' Gaffney.

Nicholas Bocham (1622).
J 637 James Beswicke.
1682 Laurence Jones.
1695 John Burton.
1702 John Barton, D.D.
1718 Richard Fisher.
1785 Charles Roberts.

1800 Robert Henry.

1801 United to Kentstown

Curate.

Patrick Lyon (1733).

BALLYMAGARVEY.

Richard Hone, 1549.
1549 Christopher Gaffney.

1619 William Hayward.

1620 Edward Hayward.
1671 John Fitzgerald.
1684 Joceline Barnes.
1718 Charles Cobb.
1720 Samuel Holt.
1737 Hanover Sterling.
1763 Bernard Dogherty.
1763 Charles Agur.
1785 Charles Roberts.

1800 Robert Henry.

1801 United to Kentstown.

BROWNSTOWN.

1637 James Carey, first Rec-

tor.

Curates.

Laurence Jones (1693).
1725 Patrick Lyon.

STAFFORDSTOWN.

Laurence Jones (1693).

RATHFEIGH.

Godfrey Loftus (1604).
1619 John Bathe.

1630 William Fitzgerald.

1638 Charles Cullen.

1676 Noah Webb.
1668 Henry Bolton.

1677 United to Skryne,

298

APPENDIX

RURAL DEANERY OF SKRYNE.

UNION OF SKRYNE.

Consists of Skryne, Dowdstown, Kilcarn, Lismullen,
Monktown, Templekieran, and Tara.

The Union of Skryne was formed in 1677. The
Parish of Rathfeigh, which formerly belonged to it,
was transferred by the Synod, first to Kilmoon, and
afterwards to Kentstown. The church in use was that
of the Parish of Templekieran, but this has lately been
dismantled, and a new church built in the Parish of
Lismullen, by the exertions and liberality of Sir John
Dillon, Bart. It was consecrated under the name of
St. Columba's Church in 1904. The Parish of Tara
was joined to the Union at disestablishment. Tara
Church (St. Patrick) was built in 1823.

SKRYNE.

1283 James of Spain.

Nicholas Wafre (1402).
1450 Walter Prendergast.
1534 Peter Wallis.

Thomas White, 1598.
1598 William Whitereede.
1606 Thomas Robinson.
1619 Morgan Jones.
1623 Robert Nicholl.
1662 Thomas Hill.
1692 Joceline Barnes.

1719 Charles Cobb.

1720 Samuel Holt.
1763 Charles Agur.
1765 Samuel Pulleine.

1784 Verney Lovett.

1785 Richard Swanne.
1794 Richard Wynne.
1796 Stephen Radcliff.
1829 Richard Radcliff.
1871 Oliver Brighton.
1896 Leslie A. Handy.

Curate.

John Sayler (1615).

DOWDSTOWN.

1616 John Sealer.

Morgan Jones (1619).
1623 Robert Nicholl.
1662 Thomas Hill.

1684 Joceline Barnes.
1677 United to Skryne.

KILCARN.

Morgan Jones (1622).
1674 Henry Moneypeney.
1677 United to Skryne.

LISMULLEN.
1677 United to Skryne.

MONKTOWN.
Samuel Holt (1733)-
TEMPLEKEIRAN.

1621 Morgan Jones.
1677 United to Skryne.

TARA.

Audoen Brod- 1 (1422).

Edmund Oronnow, 1599.
1599 John Moineghan.

APPENDIX 299

1620 T Cadwalader Edmonds or 1751 Anthony Malone.

Edwards. 1780 George Maunsell or
1624 Richard Hackett. Maxwell.

1627 Launcelot Lowther. 1781 John Rogers.

1633 Edward Stanhope. 1810 William Henry Irvine.

1634 Thomas Walmeslie. 1839 Mark Perrin.

1671 Christopher Kerdiffe. 1840 Joseph Richard Hamil-

1675 Marcus Ussher. ton.

1697 Thomas Conigsby.

1707 Randulph Dawson. Curates.

1708 John Wetherby, D.D.

1709 Archibald Ayton. William Bradish (1753).
1721 John Hamilton. Sliar Hamilton.

1724 John Madden, D.D. 1780 Valentine Duke

1734 Richard Stewart. 1781 John Williamson.

UNION OF KILMESSAN.

Consists of Kilmessan, Assey, Balsoon, Dunsany,
Killeen, Kiltale, and Trubly.

The Parishes of Assy and Balsoon were made into
a separate Union in 1826, but in neither Parish was
there church or glebe house ; they were, therefore,
subsequently joined to Kilmessan. Dunsany and
Killeen became in 1680 part of the Union of Tara.
Kiltale was united to Knockmark in 1811. Trubly
formed part of the Union of Trim. The present re-
arrangement was made after disestablishment. Mace-
town, which was formerly joined to Kilmessan, is now
in the Union of Ratoath. The Church of Kilmessan
(St. Mary) was built in 1731, and has recently been
restored.

KILMESSAN. 1788 John Barrett.

1793 David Charles Ingham.
John Mey, 1444. ^26 Charles Moore.

James Daley (1622). 1828 St. George Caulfield

1628 Joseph Singe. Irvine.

1641 Peter Harrison. _ James W. Rynd, 1849.

1671 George Booker. ^49 Francis Briscoe.

1693 John C. Brown. ^85 William F. Falkiner.

1700 James Cooper. ^92 Anthony Drought.

1712 Moor Booker. I9 o 5 George H. Patton.
1729 Henry Nix.

1732 William Doyle. AssY OR ATHSEY.

1763 Samuel Preston. 1615 James Young.
1774 John Evans Franklin. 1621 Morgan Jones.

300

APPENDIX

Patrick Griffith (1633).
1684 Thomas Benson.
1716 Andrew M'Evoy.
1721 William Snowden.
1761 David Cope.
1768 William Evelyn.
1781 Blount Medlicot.
1795 David Charles Ingham.
1798 Mark Wainright.
1821 David Charles Ingham.

St. George C. Irvine

(1826).
1826 Spencer William Walsh,

D.D.
1861 Francis Briscoe.

BALSOON OR RIPPERSTOWN.
1616 John Gregge.

Edward ffennor (1622).
1626 Alexander Sharpe.
1632 Thomas Bateson.
1675 William Smith.

1684 Thomas Benson.
1715 Andrew M'Evoy.
1721 William Snowden.

DUNSANY.

1611 Richard Pollard.
1680 United to Tara.

KILLEEN.

William Bermingham

(1402).

William Silk, 1434.
1536 Sir Henry Plunkett.
Arthur Book (1604).

Edward Doyle (1622).
1642 Christopher Kerdiffe.
1675 Marcus Ussher.

1680 United to Tara.

KlLTALE.

James Daley (1622).
William Meoles (1633).

1670 Christopher Kerdiffe.
1675 Alexander Abercrombie.
1708 Thomas Grantham.

1810 William Liddiard.

1811 United to Knockmark.

TRUBLY.

Henry de Rathfayl,

(1359)-

1359 Thomas Malacken.

1558 Richard Scallon.

1619 Price Griffin.

1620 Patrick Griffith.
1677 William Smith.
1688 Thomas Benson.

John C. Brown (1693).
1715 Anthony Raymond.
1726 Hugh Dawson.
1726 Caleb De Butts.
1731 United to Trim.

UNION OF MOYGLARE.

Consists of Moyglare, Balfeighan, Kilclone, and

Raddanstown.

Moyglare was an independent parish until dis-
establishment. Raddanstown Union was formed in
1682, and included the Parishes of Balfeighan, Kilcloon,
Gallow, and Drumlargan. The last two have now been
joined to Agher. The churches are ancient.

MOYGLARE.

1611 William Fitz Symmonds.
i 41 John Fitzsymons.
i 88 Thomas Mallory.

1692 Patrick Lindsay.
1709 John Wilson.
1719 James Garstin.

Jonathan Dillon, 1729.
1765 Gaspar Caillard.

APPENDIX

301

1768 Arthur Grueber.

1802 Thomas Jones.

1814 Arthur Ardagh.

1846 Richard Dixie Maunsell.

1867 Robert Hamilton.

1877 John Charles Creed.

Curates.

Francis Davidson (1818).
1883 John Newman Lombard.

BALFEIGHAN.

Robert Cooke (1622).
1674 Henry Monypenny.
1682 United to Raddanstown.

KILCLONE.

William Fitz Symmonds

(1622).

1674 Henry Monypenny.
1682 United to Raddanstown

RADDANSTOWN OR
BALRODDAN.

William Fitz Symmonds

(1622).

1674 Henry Monypenny.
1700 Daniel Sewell.
1712 Thomas Newton.
1730 Martin Dean.

William Davyes (1733).
1741 Gustavus Hamilton.
1755 John Bomford.
1776 Henry Blacker.
James Blacker, 1793.
1793 Power Le Poer Trench.
1803 Ponsonby Gouldsbury.
1830 Joseph Turner, D.D.
1836 George Vaughan Samp-
son.

1838 William Tyrrell.
1840 William Handcock.

Samuel Abraham Walker,

1849.

1849 Robert Lauder.
1852 Francis Ralph Sadlier,
D.D.

Curates.

1857 Henry Burrows.
1859 J. Staunton.

UNION OF AGHER.
Consists of Agher, Dramlargan, and Gallow.

This Union was formed at disestablishment. The
church was built in 1840, and has recently been rebuilt
by Mr. J. S. Winter.

AGHER OR AGHERPALLIS.

1593 Thomas Tedder.

Eugene M'Cartie, 1594.

1613 Nicholas Proud.

1614 Robert Booning.
1664 Nicholas Proud, D.D.
1669 Richard Tennison, D.D.
1682 George or Edward Synge.
1686 Richard Mallory.

1692 John Bolton, D.D.
1699 Jonathan Swift, D.D.
1745 Peter or John Hamon.

1765 Blount Medlicott.
1782 Dudley Ryves.
1784 John Ravel Walsh.
1802 John Ravell Walsh. 1
1808 John Kellett.
1849 Robert Lauder, LL.D.
1870 George Henry Martin.
1884 Robert Seymour, D.D.
1892 Joseph Leigh Stuart.

Curate.
William Major (1693).

1 Probably the same as the preceding,
said Walsh having resigned."

In the Institution it says " the

302 APPENDIX

I

DRUMLARGAN. GALLOW.

Robert Cooke (1622). 1617 Robert Cooke.
1674 Henry Monypenny. 1674 Henry Monypenny.

1682 United to Raddonstown. 1682 United to Raddonstown.

RURAL DEANERY OF RATOATH.

UNION OF RATOATH.

Consists of Ratoath, Donaghmore, Killegland, Criks-
town, Cookstown, Greenogue, Kilbrew, Kilmoon,
Macetown, Cushinstown, and Piercetown Landy.

The Union of Ratoath, Crikstown, Cookstown,
Killegland, Donaghmore, and Greenogue was formed
in 1682. The Church (Holy Trinity) was consecrated
in 1821. Kilbrew and Tryvett were united in 1678,
but at disestablishment the latter was transferred to
Dunshaughlin. The Church was built in the eighteenth
century, and is now disused. Kilmoon and Piercetown
Landy were united in 1826. The Church (St. Munna)
was built in 1816. The present Union was formed in
1885.

RATOATH. 1887 John Howlin Montserrat.

T , n/r j IQ03 William F. Legere.

1405 John Mordoun.

William Taillour (1422). Curates.
Patrick Fyne, 1559.

1559 John Hele. Edward J. Lewis

15- John Fleming. (1826).

1603 Nicholas Smyth, alias William Tighe (1842).

Agone.

Henry Bolton. (1633). DONAGHMORE.

1675 Noah Webb.

1676 Charles Newburgh. Nicholas Smyth (1622).

1677 John Bolton, D.D. Henry Bolton (1633).
1693 John Bolton. 1678 John Bolton, D.D.
1720 Richard Bolton. 1682 United to Ratoath.
1761 Thomas Lee Norman.

1794 Launcelot King Cun- KILLEGLAND.

ningham.

1820 Robert Norman. Nicholas Smyth (1604).

1844 Henry Johnston. 1678 John Bolton, D.D.

1885 John Healy, LL.D. 1682 United to Ratoath.

APPENDIX

303

CRIKSTOWN.

Nicholas Smyth (1604).
1682 United to Ratoath.

COOKSTOWN,

Nicholas Smyth (1604).
1682 United to Ratoath.

GREENOGUE.

Nicholas Smyth (1604).
1678 John Bolton, D.D.
1682 United to Ratoath.

KILBREW.

Mr. Hubertstie (1604).
1619 Leonard Beckwith,
1667 Henry Bolton.

1675 Noah Webb.

1688 Joshua Barnes.

1696 Jerome Ryves.

1699 Frank Fulk.

1712 George Blake.

1763 Bigoe Henzell.

1788 Lionel, Viscount Strang-
ford.

1 80 1 John Molesworth
Staples.

1807 Bigoe Henzell.

1819 John Uniacke Swayne.

1836 Thomas Houston Bar-
ton.

1862 Thomas Marshall.

1863 William Hammerton.

KILMOON.

1261 John de Colchester.
15 Laurence Devins.
1552 Roger Skiddy.
1619 Roger Danby.
1623 Roger Puttock.
1642 John Fitz Simons.
1663 James Bishop.
1670 Edmund Greene.
1673 Thomas Mallory.
1693 Andrew Brereton.
I 7 I 7 J onn Smith.

John Madden, 1744.

1744 Hill Benson.
1775 Charles Roberts.
1803 Shuckburgh R. W.

Upton.
1807 Thomas or William

Fairtlough.
1826 William Coddington.

William Coddington,

jun. (1842).

Stephen or Richard

Radcliff (1858).

William John Irvine

(1870).

Curate.
1870 Dillon Charles Campbell.

; MACETOWN.

Nicholas Bocham (1622).

Patrick Griffith (1633).
1728 William Jones.

J. Madden (1733).
1744 Hill Benson.
1776 John Jones.

William Duncan, 1805.
1805 Charles Ingham.

1826 Charles Moore.

CUSHINSTOWN.
No record.

PIERCETOWN LANDY OR
LECKNO.

John Fuyt, 1402.
1402 John Magayga.
1442 John Loragh.

Gerald Dalton, 1561.

William Cocks, 1597.
1597 John Moynaghan.
1620 Cadwallader Edwards.
1624 Richard Hackett.
1627 Launcelot Lowther.

1633 Edward Stanhope.

1634 Thomas Walmeslie.

1692 John Fitzgerald.
1684 Joslin Barnes.

1693 Andrew Brereton.

304

1695 John Madden.
1744 Hill Benson.
1763 Charles Agur.
1775 Charles Roberts.

APPENDIX

1803 Whitney Shuchburgh

Upton.

1807 Thomas Fairtlough.
1826 United to Kilmoon.

UNION OF DUNSHAUGHLIN.

Consists of Dunshaughlin, Bally maglasson, Culmullen,
Knockmark, Rathbeggan, Rathregan, Tryvett,
and Kilmore.

Dunshaughlin and Rathregan were united in 1678-
The Church (St. Seachlan or Secundinus) was built in
1813. Ballymaglasson Church (St. Keiran) was con-
secrated in 1816. The Union of Knockmark, Kiltale
and Culmullen was formed in 1810. The Church has
now been dismantled. Rathbeggan Church (St.
Beccan) was built in 1817. Kilmore Church (St.
Patrick), built in the eighteenth century, is preserved,
though no longer in use, except for occasional services.
The present Union was formed in 1882.

DUNSHAUGHLIN.

1524 James Sheffield.
1560 Anthony Rush.
1565 George Leigh.
1567 William Leech.
1569 Joseph Darcy.

1579 James Chapman.

1580 Robert Brazier.
1588 Anthony Rush.

John Allen, 1595.
1595 Arthur Cooke.
1615 Baldwin Shepheard.
1630 John Lennox.
16 John AUbright.
16 John Kyan.

John Crawford (1641).
1668 Simon Digby.
1672 Noah Webb.
1696 Jerome Ryves.
1698 John Jourdain.
1751 John Powell.
1755 Bigoe Henzell.
1789 William Henry Irwine.
1818 Gorges Lowther Irwine.
1838 John Low.

1855 John H. Dunne.
1864 Thomas Marshall.
1882 John H. Davidson.
1905 Hamlet McClenaghan.

Curates.

1775 Doctor Hum. ffrench.
1811 John Madden.
1848 Goodwin Swift.
1850 Robert Rowan.
1853 Nicholas Magrath.

BALLYMAGLASSON.

Baldwin Shepheard

(1615).

Robert Cooke (1622).
1673 Thomas Mallery.

Patrick Lindsay (1693).

Richard Moreton, 1708.
1708 Jonathan Wilson.
1718 Thomas Forbes.
1727 Jonathan Rogers.
1733 Christopher Donellan.
1735 Edward Molloy.
1737 Hanover Sterling.

APPENDIX

35

1753 Henry Duncan, LL.D.
1760 Samuel Caldwell.
1771 William Dennis.
1771 Richard Cave.
1799 Thomas Tucker.
1811 Mervyn Pratt.
1814 Hill Benson.
1814 Skeffmgton Preston.
1820 William Gorman.
1824 Lambert Watson Hem-
penstall.

1843 Robert Handcock.

1844 William Hamerton.
1863 Brabazon W. Brunker.
1868 William Hoyte or Hoyle.
1870 William Hamerton.
1872 John H. Davidson.

Curates.

1820 William Harding.

1821 Fortescue Gorman.

1824 Thomas Smith.

1825 Thomas Pearson.
1827 Erasmus Burrowes.
1832 Richard Carter.
1832 William Simpson.

CULMULLEN.

1617 Robert Cooke.

1638 Thomas Carter.

1639 Alexander Bailie.
1642 Christopher Kerdiffe.
1675 Marcus Ussher.
1697 Wilfred Lawson.
1717 John Hamilton.
1721 Anthony Lowrey.
1742 David Cope.

1763 William Donellan.
1789 Hon. Thomas St.

Laurence.

1794 T. Vesey Dawson.
1807 William Liddiard.
1811 United to Knockmark.

KNOCKMARK.

Thomas Robinson, 1619.
1620 Cadwalader Edwards.
1624 Richard Hackett.
1627 Launcelot Lother.

VOL. II.

1633 Edward Stanhope.

1634 Thomas Walmeslie.
1640 John Swayne.

1671 Christopher Kerdiffe.
1675 Alexander Abercrombie.
1708 Thomas Grantham. j
1721 John Shad well.
1724 Jonathan Smedley.
1729 Richard Stewart.
1746 Henry David Petit-

pierre.

1762 John Rogers.
Oliver Carter, 1765.
1808 William Henry Irvine.

1810 William Liddiard.

1831 Henry Liddiard.
1853 Edmond Jonas Lewis.

Thomas Marshall, 1881

Curates.

James Wills (1826).
1853 Lorenzo Torpey.

RATHBEGGAN.

1594 John Callan.

One Kevan. (1604).

James Kean (1622).
1639 Adam Kyan.
1668 Francis Ussher.
1671 James Mandesley.
1678 John Bolton, D.D.
1699 Jonathan Swift.

Isaac Graham (1774).
1774 Henry Blacker.
1776 Meade Swift.
1782 Thomas Brownrigg.
1792 Joshua Clibborn.
1794 Ponsonby Gouldsbury.
1799 James Elrington.
1805 Rowland Betty.

1811 Henry Moore.
1813 Henry Ormsby.

1817 Henry Crosby.

1818 James Matthews.

1832 John James.
William Hoyte, 1863.

1864 Brabazon Brunker.

Curate.
1860 Thomas Phibbs.

306

APPENDIX

RATH REG AN.

Edward Doyle (1622).
1626 John Wilson.
1668 Simon Digby.
1676 Noah Webb.
1678 United to Dunshaughlin.

TRYVETT.

1411 Gregory Neel.

Richard Mortimer, 1545.
1546 Peter Row.

1558 Edward Rome.
1581 John Brennan.
1614 Baldwin Shepheard.
1630 Thomas Fairfax.
1632 John Lennox.
1668 Simon Digby.
1670 Noah Webb.
1696 Jerome Ryves.
1699 Frank Foulk.
1712 George Blake.
1763 Bigoe Clerk Henzell.
1788 Lord Viscount Strang-
ford.

Shany Ford (1799).
1801 John Molesworth

Staples.

1805 Bigoe Henzell.
1819 John Uniacke Swayne.
1836 Thomas Houston Barton

1862 Thomas Marshall.

1863 J. William Hamerton.

CuraU.

1869 W. Hoyte.

KlLMORE.

1593 Thomas Tedder.

1604 Loftus.

1614 Robert Booning.

1668 Hugh Sterling.

1670 Christopher Kerdiffe.

1675 Adam Ussher.

1680 James Kyan or Ryan.

1682 George Finglasse.

1686 James Duncan.

Thomas Mallory, 1688.

1688 John Chetwood.

1717 John Smyth.

1740 Hugh Tisdall.

1763 Gerald Macklin.

1784 Hon. William Knox.

1786 John Travers Radcliff.

1814 William Gorman.

1824 Thomas Smith.

1831 Edward Tighe Gregory,

LL.D.

1859 Robert Posnett.
1862 William Augustus

Kempston.

Curates.

1789 Thomas Radcliff.
J. Corrigan (1842).

1870 D. C. Campbell.

UNION OF DUNBOYNE.
Consists of Dunboyne and Kilbride.

Dunboyne had Kilbride as a Chapel of Ease in 1622,
and as far back as can be traced the two Parishes were
united. The Church (SS. Peter and Paul) is modern.

William Pyrron (1385).

John de Burgo (1401).

William Lullyngton

(1408).

1576 George Darmot.
1579 Marmadukc Middleton.

1615

1633
1669

ohn Kyan.
ames Kean (1622).
Edward Stanhope,
ohn Price.

1683 Edward Hollis.

1684 Thomas Hawley.

APPENDIX 307

1709 Thomas Forbes. 1884 James Hamilton.

1727 Edward Sampson. 1888 J. P. Tegart.

1728 John Jephson. 1895 Annesley T. Somers.
1730 Thomas Sheridan, D.D. 1908 J. Forde Leathley.
1734 John Knowles.

1767 Robert Gorges. r .

1767 Edward Henry Duncan,

L.L.D. Patrick Lindsay (1693).

1806 Richard John Hamilton. Adam Caulneld (1733).

1823 Richard Martin. Skeffington Preston

*833 John Aughinleck. (1842).

1871 John Cooke. 1857 Frederick O'Melia.

1881 William John Kings- 1862 James Borbridge
borough. Doyle.

RURAL DEANERY OF TRIM.

UNION OF TRIM.

Consists of Trim, Newtown Clonbun, Kilcooiey,
Scurlogstown, Tullaghanoge, and Moymet.

The Union as at present, excluding Moymet, was
formed in 1731. Moymet continued as an independent
Parish, though without a church, until the middle of
the nineteenth century, when, on the death of John
Hussey Burgh, it was suspended. The Church of Trim
(St. Patrick) is ancient, but has been often restored.
In 1612 the Parish was united to the See of Meath,
since which time the bishops have been Rectors, and
the officiating clergyman was styled " Vicar."

TRIM. 1454 Philip Norreys, D.D.

Rectors X 4 8 3 Richard Walsh - 6

1483 Edward Wellisle. 6

1283 Nicholas de Geneville. 1501 Thomas |D'Arcy.

William de Clebury 15 John Rycardes.

(1324). James Sheffelde (1527).

1381 Walter de Brugge. 1541 Francis Agard.

1403 Richard Petyr. 1542 William Copeland.

1412 John Prene. 1546 William Nugent.
1432 Patrick Prene. John Petit.

1435 Robert Dyke. Henry Fitzsimon.

8 Contested appointment.

3 o8

APPENDIX

1581 John Draper.
1601 Robert Draper.
1612 United to Bishopric.

Vicars.

1612 John Tanner.

John Gregg (1622).

1628 Robert Ivey.

1629 William Griffith or

Griffin.
Jeremy Benton, preacher

(1658).

1660 James Carey, preacher.
1666 John Cruikshank, D.D.

1670 John Harper.

1671 Robert Erwin.
1680 George Proud.
1682 John Padmore.
1698 John Sterne.

1702 Anthony Raymond.
1726 Hugh Dawson.
1726 Caleb De Butts.
1732 Adam Lyndon.
1753 Guy Atkinson.
1767 William Evelyn.
1776 William Foster.
1780 William Elliott.

1818 Richard Butler, D.D.

1819 Richard Butler, A.B.

1862 Charles James Bayly.
1869 Edward Fleet wood

Berry.
1875 Charles Parsons Reichel,

D.D.

1885 Francis Hopkins.
1892 Garrett Nugent.
1898 Edward Goff.

Curates.

1842 James Hamilton.
1859 Thomas Wetherall.

1863 C. Ormsby Wiley.
1865 Benjamin Irwin.

1868 Alfred T. Harvey.
1872 John G. Manghan.
1875 F. Samuels.
1878 Samuel Sandys.
1 88 1 Anthony Drought.
1884 Edward Martyn Venn.
1892 Joseph John Nesbitt,

NEWTOWN CLONBUN.

Robert Booning (1622)
1666 John Crookshank, D.D.
1732 United to Trim.

SCURLOGSTOWN.

Alexander Sharpe (1622).
1666 John Crookshank, D.D.
1670 John Harper.
1732 United to Trim, but
1753 Gerald Macklin.

TULLAGHANOGE.

1622 " Noe curate."

1666 John Crookshank, D.D.

1670 John Harper.
1732 United to Trim.

MOYMET.

1622 " Noe curate."

William Meoles (1633).

1671 Robert Erwing.
1682 George Proud.

John Stearne, 1713.
1713 Anthony Raymond, D.D.
1726 George Allcock.
1748 Daniel Beaufort.
1758 Washington Cotes,

LL.D.

1762 John Auchmuty.
1793 Thomas Vesey Dawson.
1793 George Alley.
1807 John Hussey Burgh.

PARISH OF RATHCORE.

This Parish was generally held as a Chapel of Ease
to Trim, and when the Bishop became Rector of Trim

APPENDIX 309

in 1612, he succeeded also to Rathcore. The Church
(St. Ultan) is ancient.

John Gregg (1622). 1802 John Roberts.
1664 Nicholas Proud. 1826 Richard Ryan.
1669 Richard Jones. 1837 James Alexander.
1680 John Congreve. 1838 James Matthews.

Anthony Raymond, 1863 Robert Irwin.

D.D., 1726. 1876 Gregory St. Laurence

1726 Hugh Dawson. Cuffe.

1726 Caleb De Butts. 1881 James Edward Harnett

1732 Adam Lyndon. Murphy.
*753 Guy Atkinson.

1767 William Evelyn. Curates.

1776 William or Thomas 1727 David Carleton.

Foster. Edward J. Lewis (1826).

1781 Christopher M'Allister. 1855 Samuel Parsons.

John Kellett (1799). 1863 Thomas Wetherell.

Chaworth Brown, 1802.

PARISH OF BECTIVE.

Ussher reports in 1622 : " This Church belongeth
to the Abbey of Bective, in the possession of the said
Mr. Dillon (impropriator), who pretendeth to have an
exemption from the Lord Bishop's jurisdiction, and
doth prove wills and grant administr aeons." At that
time the Church and Chancel were in repair. When the
Abbey was allowed to go to ruin, no other church was
built for this Parish until the erection of the present
building about the middle of the nineteenth century
(St. Mary). The records of this Parish are very im-
perfect.

1622 " Noe curate." 1902 Richard Frederick Martin

Patrick Griffith (1633). Clifford.

1726 John Grace. 1903 Robert B. Birmingham.
Charles Burton (1902;.

UNION OF LARACOR.

Consists of Laracor, Galtrim, and Derrypatrick.
This Union was formed after disestablishment.

APPENDIX

The Church of Laracor (St. Peter) is modern ; that of
Galtrim (St. Mary) was erected in 1800.

LARACOR.

1551 Andrew Barn wall.
William Chamberlain,

1564.

I 5^>4 John Allen.
1613 Edward Sotherne.
1618 Robert Booning or

Bonynge.

1664 Nicholas Proud.
1669 Richard Tennison.
1682 Edward Singe.
1686 Richard Mallory.
1692 John Bolton, D.D.
1699 Jonathan Swift, D.D.
1745 Peter or John Hamon.
1798 Henry Thomas Preston.
1801 Charles Massey.
1804 Charles Warburton.
1806 Joseph Sandys.

1808 John Brinkley, D.D.

1809 Charles Henry Crook-

shank.

1812 Blaney Irwin.
1850 Quintan Dick Hume.
!854 John Cotter MacDonnell.
1862 Robert Posnett.
1866 Charles Elrington M'Kay
1881 Edward Denny.
1898 W. E. S. Connolly.
1903 Hugh Clement Beere.

Curate.
1722 Stafford Lightburne.

GALTRIM.

William de la Corner,

1289.
1289 Philip le Norman.

William de Clera (1292).
1357 Thomas de Meelton.

Thomas Enel (130,9).

Thomas Bache or Bathe,

1400.

1403 John Swayne.
1425 John Randolf.

Nicholas Daley. (1604).

James Daley (1622).
1630 John Williams.
1636 Hugh Morrison.
1666 John Crookshank.
1670 Christopher Kerdiffe.

1674 Henry Monypenny.

1675 Marcus Ussher.
1699 Joshua Warren.
1701 Wilfred Lawson.
1717 John Hamilton.

1721 Anthony Lowray, D.D.
1737 John Smith.
1742 David Cope.
1763 William Donellan.

Mark Tisdall (1789).
1789 Hon. Thomas St.

Laurence.
1794 T. Vesey Dawson.

1806 Barry M 'Gusty.

1807 William Liddiard.
1814 John Lowe.

1838 Matthew Maine Fox.
1844 Henry Siree.

Samuel Abraham Walker

(1849).

1856 Lorenzo Torpey.
Thomas Foster (1871).

Curates.

William Harvy (1693).

1857 Nicholas Magrath.

DlRPATRlCK OR DERRY-
PATRICK.

- James Daley (1622).
William Meoles (1633).
William Harvy (1693).
Anthony Lowry (1733)

APPENDIX

UNION OF ATHBOY.

Consists of Athboy, Girley, Rathmore, Moyagher, and

Kildalkey.

This Union was formed in 1678. About the year
1843 Girley and Kildalkey were separated, and made
into perpetual curacies. They have now been again
united. The Church of Athboy (St. James) is ancient.
Kildalkey Church (St. Mary) was built when the
perpetual curacy was established. The record of the
building of Girley Church (St. Margaret) is not found.
The Archbishops of Armagh were Rectors of Athboy.
The following is the succession of Vicars.

ATHBOY.

1558 John Marriman.

David Jones (1604)
1617 William Smith.

George Gemester (1641).

Samuel Edwards, prea-

cher (1658).
1670 Edmund Greene.
1674 Robert Parkinson.
1713 Thomas Wallis.
1746 Alexander Alcock.
1753 William Gruebere.

1781 Blount Medlicott.

1782 Thomas Benson, D.D.
1784 Henry Wynne.

1797 Samuel Murphy.
1805 Hon. Hamilton Cuffe.
1811 Robert Tronson.
1831 Robert Noble.
1871 Francis Hopkins.
1885 Alfred T. Harvey.
1898 Henry Edward Whyte.

Curates.

PatricklLyon (1733).

J. A. W. Sprule (1842).
1861 J. G. Hopkins.

1870 John Adam Cross.

Thomas George Irwin

(1871).

1906 Geoffrey Wilberforce
Tibbs.

GIRLEY.

William Smith (1622).

1674 Robert Parkinson.
1857 J. F. Bickerdike.
1869 Henry Hare.
1881 Hamilton Hare.

RATHMORE.

1536 William Cocks.
1596 Robert Allbright.

Willbryan Fox (1604).
1616 Benjamin Culme.
1637 William Hudson or
Huetson.

1675 Robert Parkinson.
1678 United to Athboy.

Curate.
Robert Shepley (1622)

MOYAGHER.

William Smyth (1622)
1678 United to Athboy.

KILDALKEY.

Robert Booning (1622).
1678 United to Athboy.

Perpetual Curates.
1843 William Irwin.
1849 William Hutchinson.

312 APPENDIX

1865 Graham Graig. 1875 Solomon K. F. Ralph.

Thomas George Irwin, 1893 William F. Legge.

1872. 1897 J. Frazer Pillor.

1873 Charles M. Brown. 1906 United to Athboy.

PARISH OF KILLOCHONNIGAN.
The Church (St. Kineth) was consecrated in 1823.

Alexander Sharpe ( 1622). 1853 Orlando Thomas Dobbin,

Philip Johnston (1733). LL.D.

Arthur Connolly (1799). 1874 John Evans Preston.
1817 Joseph Greene. 1884 Anthony Drought.
1847 Henry Purdon Disney. 1892 Richard J. Merrin.

UNION OF NAVAN.

Consists of Navan, Ardsallagh, Donaghmore,
Athlumney, and Follistown.

The Parishes of Donaghmore and Ardsallagh were
united to Navan in the seventeenth century.
Athlumney was a separate vicarage, though without
a church, until the death of the Rev. R. P. D.
Hamilton in 1870. Navan Church (St. Mary) was
built in 1818.

NAVAN. 1818 Philip Barry.

* T^ c i u 11 1882 Robert Thompson.

1460 Doctor Stackbolle. g Ch rf j ames Lambert.

William Phillips (1615). Ig ^ James B J ennett Keene .
1633 Robert Puttock. g J Rennison

Richard Bourk, preacher

(1658). Curates.

1658 Jonathan Edwards, ^ George BrabMon .

^ T ? r i : r A-ft James Moreton (1826).

*? ^MV ^Q 1 ^ ar lffe> WilUamHamerton(i8 4 2)

1671 William Smith. wmi Chartres .

1682 Thomas Benson. * , Butler

1715 John LVOIL ff Jj iu Wilson White

1718 Ossory Medhcott. 75 Ran ^^

1728 John Grace ^ H d Ver ^ White

1737 George Buchanan.

1743 James Cavendish. Anns ALT A

T-V i /- i* T-> AKDoALLAOrl.

1747 Daniel Cornelius Beau-
fort. Edward ffennor (1622).

1765 Daniel Augustus Beau- Edmund Greene (1674).

fort 1674 William Smith.

APPENDIX

313

DONAGHMORE.

Richard Burel (1345).
1560 Patrick Dongan.
1614 Thomas White.

1623 Roger Puttock.
1675 Richard Tennison.
1677 William Smith.
1682 Thomas Benson.

ATHLUMNEY.

Cornelius Cahan (1549).
1620 John Sayler.

Patrick Griffith (1622).
1629 Samuel Clarke.
1641 John Bodkin.
1677 William Smyth.
1684 Thomas Benson.
1684 Benjamin Colcot.
1715 John Lyan.
1715 Dive Downes.

1719 Ossory^Medlicott.
1728 John Grace.

P. Downes (1733).
1737 George Buchanan.
1744 James Cavendish.
1747 Daniel Beaufort.
1781 Richard Barry. ^ "

1788 George Charles Garnett.
Daniel Beaufort, 1789.

1789 Daniel Augustus Beau-

fort.

1819 Francis Dansey Hamil-
ton.

1831 Robert Thompson.

1832 Robert Patrick Dansey

Hamilton.
1870 United to Navan.

FOLLISTOWN.

Walter Mooney (1622).

UNION OF ARDBRACCAN.

Consists of Ardbraccan, Liscartan, Rataine, Clonmac-
duff, Churchtown, and Martry.

This Union was formed in 1780. The Church (St.
Ultan) was built in 1777.

ARDBRACCAN.

William de Clera (1292).
1403 Richard Hill.
1494 William Downyll.

James Trench (1615).

Robert Nicholls (1622).

William Meoles (1633).
1681 Henry Cottingham.
1681 John Chetwood.

Lewis Gillardy.
1703 Rowland Singleton.
1741 Lewis Gaillardy.
1751 William Tisdall.
1770 William Foster.
1780 Richard Moore.
1818 Hon. Henry Pakenham.

1843 John Brownlow.
1882 Duncan J. Brownlow.
1899 Launcelot Coulter.

Curates.

Michael Egan (1826).

1854 Robert Stoney.

1857 Samuel Parsons.

1859 William Cotton Ring-
wood.

1878 Harry de Vere Dawson
White.

1880 John Dickson Eccles
Newcombe.

1880 James Francis Caithness.

1868 John M'Gregor Ward.

314

APPENDIX

LlSCARTAN.

1401 John Taaf.

Martin White, 1438.

James Trench (1622).
1630 George Cottingham.

1632 John Hoskins.
1638 Samuel Boden.
1670 Henry Cottingham.

1681 Michael Jones.

1682 John Chetwood.
1703 Rowland Singleton.
1730 United to Ardbraccan.

RATAINE.

1622 " Noe curate."

1666 John Crookshanke, D.D.

1670 John Finglasse.

1670 John Harper.

1 68 1 John Chetwood.

1730 United to Ardbraccan.

CLONMACDUFF.

1622 " Noe curate."

1633 Robert Puttock.

1666 John Crookshank, D.D.

1670 John Harper.

1671 John Finglasse.
1682 George Proud.
1692 John Stearne.
1703 Anthony Raymond.

1725 Aeneas M' Mullen.

1726 Robert Stephenson.
1738 Philip Dixon.

1770 William Evelyn, D.D.
1776 Richard Moore.

CHURCHTOWN.

1622 " Noe curate."

1681 John Chetwood.

1730 United to Ardbraccan.

MARTRY.

John de Dubiltum (1263)
William Davyes (1622).
1641 William Meoles.

1682 John Chetwood.
1730 United to Ardbraccan.

PARISH OF RATHMOLYON.
The Church (St. Michael) was built in 1797.

Thomas Schell, 1546.
1546 Thomas Fleaming.
1616 John Gregg.
1629 William Meoles.
1664 Nicholas Proud.
1670 Richard Jones.
1688 Joshua or John Warren.
1701 William Tyrrell.
1734 George Dobson or

Dawson.
1778 Conway Benning, D.D.

1823 Samuel Magee.
1873 Frederick William

Wetherell.
1903 Thomas Anderson.

Curates.

1861 Samuel A. Brennan.
1869 Edmund Ireland Arm-
strong.

1864 Thomas Lindsay.
1868 Thomas Foster.

APPENDIX 315

RURAL DEANERY OF FORE.

PARISH OF OLDCASTLE OR CLOTYN.
The Church (St. Bridget) was built in 1816.

Nicholas Agone, alias 1800 Thomas Frederick

Smyth (1622). Knipe.

1639 Henry Purdon. 1834 Henry H. J. Westby,

1662 Hugh Hannah. "D.D.

1679 John Lawry. 1840 Thomas Garde Durdin. 1

1686 James Maxwell. 1890 Frederick J. Grierson.
1721 Edward Thompson.

1723 Dive Downes. Curate.

1756 Dive Downes. Nicholas J. Halpin( 1826)

UNION OF LOUGHCREW.

Consists of Loughcrew, Diamor, Moylough, and

Russagh.

Moylough and Diamor were united to Loughcrew
in 1682 ; Clonabreny or Russagh in 1815. The Church
(St. Keiran) is modern, and on a new site.

LOUGHCREW. 1814 Robert King.

AI^ n j *. TM i J 8i5 Richard B. Vincent.

U622^ I8 34 Thomas ' Rorke '

1630 Jocelyn Ussher. l8 54 J* m f Alexander Hamil-

1664 Richard Dudell. 00 , T , to JJ'

Richard Wode 1676.* l886 J ohn Q^

1692 Charles Proby. Curates.

1726 John Willoughby. Creaeh Code

'737 John Gibbin. __ gjjg
1740 Hanover Sterling.

1752 Nathaniel Preston. MOVTOTIPH
1784 John Arthur Preston.

1798 Moore Smith. Robert Travers (1622).

1 A remarkable example of long incumbencies. From the appointment
of the elder Dive Downes, in 1723, to the resignation of Mr. Durdin in 1890,
there were only five vicars, and this, notwithstanding the short incumbency
of Canon Westby, which only lasted six years.

1 There is a tombstone in the old Church to the memory of " Richard
Wode, Mount Wode, Vicar of Loughcrew, who died November, 1676," but
at that date Dudell is known to have been in possession of the vicarage.
Possibly Wode was before Dudell, and resigned the vicarage sometime before
his death.

316

APPENDIX

1624 Robert Ussher.
1664 Richard Dudle.
1682 United to Loughcrew.

DIAMOR.

James Areskin (1622).
1630 William Griffin.
1670 Thomas Bladen, D.D.
1682 United to Loughcrew.

CLONABRANEY OR RUSSAGH.

Oliver Plunkett (1622).

1664 Richard Dudle.

1665 Robert Barthrem. 1
1727 John Willoughby.
1737 John Gibbin.
1740 Hanover Sterling.

1814 Robert King.

1815 United to Loughcrew.

UNION OF KlLLEAGH.

Consists of Killeagh and Kilbride-Castlecor.

This Union was made in 1885. Killeagh Church
(St. Fiach) was built in 1810 ; Castlecor Church (St.
Brigid) in 1808.

KILLEAGH.

Alexander Plunkett
(1622).

1664 Richard Dudle.

1665 Robert Barthrem.
1682 United to Loughcrew.
1809 Thomas O'Rorke.

1834 Union with Loughcrew

dissolved.

1834 Robert Battersby.
1874 Henry William Matthews
1886 Robert Butler.
1906 H. F. Hill de Vere
White.

Curates.

Joseph Green (1810).
1870 James Alexander Hamil-
ton.

1882 Sterling De Courcy
Williams.

KILBRIDE-CASTLECOR.
John Fitz Johns (1615).

John Agone (1622).
1628 William Griffin.
1631 David Thorn or Thomas.
1639 Hugh Morrison.
1662 Hugh Hannah.

1679 Joshua Broomhead.

1680 John Lawry.
1686 James Maxwell.
1720 Edward Thompson.
1723 Dive Downes.
1756 Dive Downes.
1800 Thomas Frederick

Knipe.

Thomas O'Rorke

(1814).

1834 William Betty.
1845 James Adams.
1885 United to Killeagh.

Curates.

Thomas Tomlinson,

(1842).
1860 Elliott A. Knipe.

1 According to First Fruits Returns, but Dudell was at this date in
possession of the benefice.

APPENDIX

317

UNION OF RATHGRAFFE.

Consists of Rathgraffe, Fore, Faghly, and
Faughalstown.

The original Union, formed in 1676, consisted of
Rathgraffe, Lickbla, Faughalstown, Mayne, Foyran,
St. Mary's and St. Fechin's of Fore, and Kilpatrick.
Mayne and Foyran were then served by perpetual
curates, appointed by the Incumbent of the Union.
In 1905 the present union was made, Lickbla and
Foyran being transferred to Mayne. The Church of
Rathgraffe or Castlepollard (St. Michael) was erected
in 1821.

RATHGRAFFE OR TALEARD.

John Drynan (1615).
1621 Thomas Greaves.
1665 Thomas Fitzsimons, 1725
1725 George Alcock.
1730 Robert Lestrange.
1747 Stafford Lightburne.
1751 Stafford Lightburne, jun.
1760 Patrick Moore.
1762 Hon. George Maitland.
1764 George or John Wynne.
1781 George Coates.
1802 Chaworth Brown.
1847 William Eames.
1869 George Kirkpatrick.
1873 Robert Allen.
1890 Richard Smyth.
1905 Anthony Drought.

Curates.

Michael Egan (1818).
Richard F. Handy (1826)

Adolph F. Drought (1842)
1864 James Field.
1886 William Henry Roper.
1904 Henry Airay Watson.

FORE.

Patrick Agone (1622).
1665 Thomas Fitzismons.
1776 United to Rathgraffe.

FAGHLY.

1376 Maurice M'Ynwhar.

Richard King, 1407.
1407 Nicholas Moynagh.
15 Bernard O'Daly.

Thomas Greaves (1622).
1665 Thomas Fitzsimons.
1776 United to Rathgraffe.

FAUGHALSTOWN.
No record.

UNION OF MAYNE.
Consists of Mayne, Lickbla, and Foyran.

This Union was formed in 1805. The Church of
Mayne (St. Nicholas) was erected in 1806. Foyran
Church (St. Hugh) was built a short time before dis-
establishment, and was consecrated in 1875.

MAYNE.
1615 Cadwalader Edwards.

1621 William Sibthorpe.
1624 John Goldsmith.

APPENDIX

1630 Thomas Dovile.
1665 Thomas Fitzsimons.
1802 Chaworth Brown.
1809 Richard Vavasour.

Bond Hall (1810).

Charles Burton.
1822 Thomas Smith.

William Sturrock, 1832.
1832 Richard Fleming Hardy.
1860 George Kirkpatrick.
1869 C. C. Mulloy.

1894 James Hamilton.
1906 Robert Butler.

Curates.

John Agone (1622).
1875 Robert Henry Durham.
1878 Edward Montgomery

Moore.
1882 John M'Arthur Mac-

millan, LL.D.

1887 William Henry Roper.
1896 Frederick William

Knight.

LlCKBLA.

1422 Thomas Rydell
1541 Richard Hurford.
1560 Thaddeus M'Gilla.
1608 John Dry nan.
1621 William Sibthorpe.
1624 John Goldsmith.
1665 Thomas Fitzsimons.
1776 United to Rathgraffe.
1905 United to Mayne.

Curate.
John Agone (1622).

FOYRAN OR FAVORAN.

1632 John Goldsmith.
1776 United to Rathgraffe.
1905 United to Mayne.

Curates.

1859 H. M. Kilbride.
1862 Richard Booth.
1866 Coote C. Molloy.
1872 John Reade West.

UNION OF COLLINSTOWN.
Consists of Collinstown and Kilpatrick.

Collinstown was part of the Parish of Fore until
1843, when a church was built (St. Feighan) and a
perpetual curacy endowed by the late Mr. Smyth of
Barbavilla.

COLLINSTOWN.

1843 Charles James Bayly.
John E. Trench, 1851.
1851 Richard Dowse.
1865 Edward Newland.

Hamilton Haire, 1872.

Arthur Newburgh Haire,

1874.

1874 Daniel James Hearn.

1875 E. Singleton.

1876 Edward Goff.
1886 James Staunton, D.D.
1894 George H. Patton.
1905 G. R. L. Wynne.

KILPATRICK.

Alexander Plunkett

(1622).

1665 Thomas Fitzsimons.
1776 United to Rathgraffe.

APPENDIX

319

UNION OF DRUMCREE.
Consists of Kilcumney, Killulagh, and Disertale.

This Union was formed in 1818. The Church (St.
John) was built in 1811.

DRUMCREE OR KILCUMNEY.

Alexander Plunkett

(1622).
1665 Robert Barthrem.

Humphrey Leigh (1674).
1681 William Lightburne.
1702 John Hill.

1751 Francis Thompson, D.D.
1776 Edward Reynell.
1788 Humphrey French,

D.D.

1788 Edward Story.
1792 John M'Causland.
1808 Michael De Courcey,D.D.
1860 Cecil Russell.
1872 Richard Archdall Byrn.
1896 Samuel H. Somers.
1901 Frederick William

Knight.

Curates.
1863 Robert Peel Wadsworth.

1866 Richard Booth.

1870 Arthur Robinson Barton

1891 Robert Thomas Byrn.

KILLULAGH.

Thomas Chantrell, 1400.
1400 Nicholas Rede.

Richard O'Brayn, 1402.
1402 Denis O'Brayn.

1406 James Nugent.
1559 J hn Tute.
1617 Thomas Greaves.
1665 Robert Barthrem.
1667 William or Humphrey

Leigh.

1684 Samuel Hudson.
1729 Jeremiah Walsh.
1818 United to Drumcree.

DISERTALE.

1667 William or Humphrey
Leigh.

RURAL DEANERY OF CLONARD.

UNION OF CLONARD.
Consists of Clonard and Killyon.

This Union was formed in 1782.
Finnen) was built in 1821.

The Church (St.

CLONARD.

1565 Morianus O'Carbrie.
1589 Richard Steede.
1615 Thomas Robinson.
1619 Alexander Sharpe.
1665 Charles Sharpe.
1669 Eugene Reyley.

1670 Alexander Norris.
1722 Caleb De Butts.
1726 Hugh Dawson.
1732 George Blake or Black.

1762 John Jones.

1763 Stephen Bootle.
1770 St. George Aihc.

320

APPENDIX

1799 Hon. George Theobald

Bourke.
1815 Thomas or Francis

Sutton.

1818 George Brabazon.
1822 Edward Nixon.
1836 William Pratt.
1844 James Crawford.
1861 Spencer William Walsh,

D.D.
1 88 1 Carter Alexander Gaird-

ner.

1890 William Henry Roper.

Curates.

1722 William Griffith.
1888 Leigh Richmond Hamil-
ton.

KILLYON.

Miles Pemberton (1622).
1771 St. George Ashe.
1782 United to Clonard.

UNION OF CASTLE JORDAN.
Consists of Castle Jordan and Bally boggan.

This union seems to have been formed at an early
date. The Church was built in 1826.

CASTLEJORDAN OR
GRENGEDAGH.

John Ridgwell (1622).

William Brereton (1693).

John Gibben (1733).
1747 William Ussher.
1774 Mark Rainsford.
1792 John Digby.

1840 Thomas Marshall.
1862 William John Burke.
1877 Henry Ashe.

1885 William S. Little.

1886 Samuel H. Lewis.

1901 Thomas Anderson.
1903 Henry J. Smith.

Curates.

1870 Thomas Scott.
1878 Edward Morgan Griffin.
1900 Edmund Maurice Gum-
ley.

BALLYBOGGAN.

Thomas Ridgwell (1622).
1688 James Mandesley.

William Brereton (1693).

PARISH OF CASTLERICKARD.

This Parish was for a time united to Clonard (1722).
The Church (St. Nicholas) is old. Date of building not
known.

1389 Thomas Mareschall.
1400 Donald Magluay.
1564 Christopher Gaffeney.
1567 William Barrel .
1572 Robert Draper.
1581 Joseph Greenan.
1606 Myles Pemberton.

1665 Charles Sharp.
1688 Alexander Norris.
1722 Caleb De Butts.
1726 Hugh Dawson.
1732 George Blake, D.D.
1762 John Payne.
1771 Thomas Hopkins.

APPENDIX 321

1783 Henry Wynne. 1863 John Brandon.

1784 George Knipe. 1876 Thomas Heron Aldwell.
1797 Sir Thomas Meredvth. 1886 Robert C. O'Donoghue.
1800 Arthur Rolleston. 1907 Oliver W. Walsh.

1800 James Elrington.

1805 William Peacocke. Curates.

1816 Francis Jones.

1817 Robert Drought. 1727 David Carleton.
Francis Davidson (1818). Richard Carleton (1733).

1819 John Lawler. 1890 Herbert James Spurway.

1846 Robert Irwin. 1897 Alexander Duff Moore.

PARISH OF KILLUCAN OR RATH WIRE.

The Chapel of Kinnegad was made a perpetual
curacy in 1791. It was again united to Killucan after
disestablishment. Killucan Church (St. Etchen) was
erected in 1816 ; Kinnegad Church (St. John Baptist)
in 1822.

KILLUCAN. Curates.

mm- iir u 1612 John Bryan.

1390 William Wylde. _ fa ^ ( fi }

X 4 Donald Magluay. _ Thon L Bumf ord (1826).

1550 William Cockes lg Frands Marsh

Henry Luttrell (1604).

John Carter (1612) KINNEGAD.

vr u i '-D ^- / z \ 1756 Arthur Newcombe.
Nicholas Robinson (1612) G ]d M Wi

VIPr) T

a TTJ j T\ i 1791 Charles O'Beirne.

1626 Edward Donelan. ^ r> ^ . XT ui

TTT. IV 1820 Robert Noble.

1042 William Barry.

4 Henry Dodwefl, preacher

John Brand.

1748 Henry Wynne. Thomas WethereU.

1828 James Alexander. Curates.

1836 Cecil Crampton. Robert Irwin (1842).

1863 William Lyster. 1888 Purefoy Poe.

1892 William F. Falkiner. 1891 Richard J. Merrin.

RURAL DEANERY OF MULLINGAR.

PARISH OF MULLINGAR.
The Church (All Saints) was built in 1813.

1385 William Hammond. 1617 William Sibthorpe.

one Dalton (1604). 1630 Randolph Adams.

VOL. II. Y

322

APPENDIX

1675 James Hierome, D.D.
1679 John Forbes.
1692 Joshua Warren.
1700 Thomas Dobson.
1718 Lewis West.
1725 Edward Thompson.
1746 Arthur Champagne.
1800 Henry Dundas.

1813 Francis Lambert.

1814 Thomas Robinson.
1828 Hon. Henry Montague

Brown.

1851 Thomas Woodward.
1856 John Hopkins.
1864 Charles Parsons Reichel,

D.D.

1875 Francis Swift.
1892 Robert Seymour, D.D.

Curates.

William Sturrock

(1826).

1865 John George Birch.
1870 Thomas Simpson Jones.
1872 Frederick Simeon

Samuels.

1876 James Staunton.
1882 Augustus Theodore

Phibbs.

1885 John Hamilton Bourke.
1889 James Henry Rice.
1894 Richard George Salmon

King.

1896 George Villiers Jourdan.
1901 Robert B. Birmingham.
1905 Edward Jennings.

UNION OF PORTNASHANGAN.

Consists of Portnashangan, Portloman, Taughmon, and

Tyfarnham.

The Union of Portnashangan and Portloman was
made in 1803. Taughmon was added after disestablish-
ment. Portnashangan Church (St. Mary), was erected
in 1824. Taughmon Church (St. Munna) is a very old
building, with a stone roof, and is now only used
for occasional services.

PORTNASHANGAN.

1615 James Byram.

1631 David Thorn.

1665 Walter Melvin or Melvill.

1670 Audeon Reyly.

1692 John or Thomas Dobson.

1717 Abel Marmion.

1717 William Jones.

1718 John Jones.
William Tyrrell, 1734.

1734 Christopher Pearson.
1745 John Hill.

1751 Francis Thompson.
1776 Samuel Close.
1780 Felix O'Neill. 1
1780 Zachary Williams. 1
1785 John Mullock.
1803 John Jephson.
1816 John Thomas Burgh.
1823 John Thomas O'Neill.
1832 Henry Daniel.
1836 James Alexander.

Noah S. Hickey, 1846.
1846 Charles J. BaUy.
1851 John Croft on.

1 There is evidently a mistake here. Both clergymen are said in the
First Fruits Returns to have been appointed on the same day. Williams is
mentioned in the Diocesan Registry, but no mention is made of O'Neill.

APPENDIX

323

1869 Frederick Wetherell.
1872 Colpoys C. Baker.

1881 John Andrew Jennings.

1882 George Richard Purdon.

Curate.
1826 James Brabazon.

PORTLOMAN.

1615 Thomas Kirkby.

John Mountfield (1622).

Solomon Morgan (1641).
1665 Walter Melvin.

1670 Audeon Reyly.

1692 Thomas or John Dobson.

1717 Abel Marmion.

1717 William Jones.

1718 John Jones.

William Tyrrell, 1734.
1734 Christopher Pearson.
1745 John Hill.

1751 Francis Thompson.
1751 Nicholas Tubbs.
1757 Richard Bunworth.
1771 John Jones.
1776 Samuel Close.
1780 Zachary Williams.

1780 Daniel Augustus Beau-
fort.

1789 George Charles Garaett.
1801 John Jephson.

1816 Thomas Burgh.
18123 United to Portna-
shangan.

TAUGHMON.

1435 Patrick Cruys.
1615 James Byrom.

Robert Shipley (1622).
1635 Walter Mooney.
1688 Robert St. Clare.
1693 John Buckhurst.

Christopher Dixon (1733)
1744 John Parker.

1750 James Sheridan.
1768 James Montgomery.

Roger Blackball, 1790.

1790 Edward Story.

Charles Eustace, 1800.
1800 Albert Nesbitt.

1809 Bond Hall.
1845 Noah S. Hickey.

TYFARNHAM.
No record.

PARISH OF RATHCONNELL OR TURIN.
The Church (St. John Baptist) was built in 1798.

1403 James Symond.
1612 James Byram.
1631 David Thorn.
1664 Randolph Adams.

1675 James Hierome, D.D.

1676 Henry Greene.
1679 John Forbes.
1693 Joshua Warren.
1701 Thomas Dobson.
1718 Daniel Jackson.
1728 Oliver Brady.
1762 Smyth Loftus.
1779 George Lambart.
1797 John Vignoles.

1800 Francis Pratt Winter.

1819 Henry Hunt.

1820 Richard Ryan.

1826 Richard Crone.

John W. Rynd, 1835.
1836 Henry Moore.
1842 Graham Philip Crozier.
1853 Robert Cage or Cadge.
1855 John Cowan.
1861 Henry Knox Hutchinson
1881 James Staunton, D.D.
1886 Sterling De Courcy

Williams.

1893 Matthew Lord Eaton.
1905 Henry Fyers Crampton.

Curates.

1727 Edward Thompson.
1766 Mr. Newcombe.
1860 G. A. Samuels.

3*4

APPENDIX

UNION OF DELVIN.
Consists of Delvin, Clonarney, Killallon, and Killua.

Clonarney was united to Delvin in 1821. Killallon
and Killua were formed into a Union in 1782. They
were joined to Delvin in 1898. Delvin Church (St.
Mary) is ancient. Killallon Church (St. John the
Evangelist) was built early in the nineteenth century.

DELVIN.

1399 Jhn Mortagh.
1406 William Sylk.
John Mey, 1444.

Edward Hatton (1615).
1632 Launcelot Lowther.
1665 Robert Barthrem.
1667 William Leigh.

Humphrey Leigh (1674).
1685 Samuel Hodson.
1709 Leonard Hodson.

Samuel Hodson (1720).
i729*Moore Booker.
1758 George Erwing.
1776 Walter Bagot.
1797 Thomas Stephens.

1812 Henry Moore.

1813 Henry Fitzgerald.
1854 Andrew L. Savage.
1856 Edward Batty.

1879 Nicholas Gyles Carew.
1890 Adrian Graves
O'Donoghue.

Curates.

Henry Pourdam (1674).

Robert H. Dunne (1843).
1898 Thomas Carey.
1900 Henry Minchin Lloyd.

CLONARNEY.

Edward Hatton (1622)
1681 William Lightburne.
1684 John Read.

1703 John Hill.

Arthur Reynell, 1784.
1784 Edward Reynell.

1622.

1788 Peter Carlton.

1790 Thomas Wildridge Shiel.

1798 Mark Wainwright.

1820 Henry Fitzgerald.

1821 United to Delvin.

KILLALLON.

13 Conrad Western-field.
John Okkarwill. 1
John Asserby. 1
Thomas de Everdon

(I398)- 1

Thomas Plunket (1550).
Richard Lindsor (1604).

1617 Thomas Greeves.

Richard Purdam,
1662 Thomas Bladen, D.I).
1703 Ralph Lambert.
1709 Richard Moreton.

Thomas Harrison, 1714.
1714 Robert Lestrange.
1730 Hugh Vaughan.

Hugh Allen (1733).
1766 Joseph Pasley.
1772 Nathaniel Preston.
1796 George Leslie Greesson.

1821 Thomas Westropp.

1822 Richard Hercules

Langrishe.

1836 Joshua Darcey.
1850 Anthony Blackburne.
1875 Thomas Rudd.
1808 United to Delvin.

Curates.
F. R. Sadleir.
1846 John Finnerty.
1870 Edward J. A. Percy.

1 Disputed election between these three.

APPENDIX

325

KlLLUA.

1617 Thomas Greaves.
1665 Robert Barthrem.
1667 William or Humphrey
Leigh.

1684 Samuel Hudson.
1693 James Hudson.
1709 Leonard Hudson.
1729 Jeremiah Walsh.
1782 United to Killallon.

UNION OF MOYLISCAR.

Consists of Moyliscar, Lynn, Carrick, Kilbride Veston,
Kilbride Pilate, Enniscoffy, and Castlelost.

Moyliscar, Lynn, and Carrick were united in the
seventeenth century. Enniscoffy and Kilbride Pilate
were united in 1818. The present Union was formed
in 1880. Moyliscar Church (St. Nicholas) was built
by the late Mrs. Tottenham, and was consecrated in
1880. Castlelost Church (Christ Church) was built in
1815 ; and Enniscoffy Church in 1818.

MOYLISCAR.

John Mount field (1622).
1637 Robert Fullerton.
1666 Edmund Burke.
1692 Alexander Delgarno.
1716 Philip Whittingham,

D.D.

1743 Edward Cassady.
*753 George Evans.
1781 Robert Evans.
1809 Meade Dennis.

1840 William Benn.
John Reed, 1841.

1841 George Morley Dennis.
1844 Robert Agnew Martin.
1875 John Howlin Mon-

sarratt.
1887 Albert Erasmus Crotty.

Curates.

1800 Mr. Robinson.
1881 Patrick Sweeny.
1883 Robert C. O'Donoghue.

1886 Gerald Saunders Atkins.

1887 Andrew Cooper.
1890 John George Hodges.
1893 Henry Nathaniel Joly.
1900 Henry Fyers Crampton.

1905 Bennett Samuel Radcliff
1907 G. Ridley Day.

LYNN.

Thomas Carpentere,i400
John Mulgan, 1422.
1562 Edward Darcy.

John Mountfield (1622).
1637 Alexander Bayly.

1639 Thomas Carter.
1666 Edmund Burke.

CARRICK.

Daniel Oge M'Grannell

(1622).

1634 Henry Pemberton.
1666 Edmund Burke.
1692 Alexander Delgarno.

KILBRIDE VESTON.

Danyell Oge M'Grannell

(1622).

1692 Alexander Delgarno.
1717 Philip Whittingham.

William Nesbitt, 1790.
1790 Hemsworth Ussher.
1821 Edward Dowling.

Edward James Geog-

hegan (1845).

326

APPENDIX

1867 John Gumming Macdona

KILBRIDE PILATE.

John Acton (1401).
1401 Geoffrey Applepen.

Thomas Lisley (1622).
1630 Adam Anderson.
1640 John Pemberton.
1679 James Mill or Mylnes.
1713 William Percival.
1764 Joseph Pasley.

1766 Theophilus Roberts.
1780 Robert Ross.
1791 Thomas Robinson.
1815 John Hales.
1818 United to Enniscoffy.

ENNISCOFFY OR CUMSCOFFY.

John Moimtfield (1622).
1717 Philip Whittingham,

D.D.

1780 Robert Ross.
1791 Thomas Robinson.
1815 John Hales.

Edward Batty (1821).
1827 Henry Daniel.

1832 John Reed.

1841 George Morley Dennis.

CASTLELOST.

Daniel Oge M'Grannell

(1622).

1 6 James Mylner.
1713 William Percival.
1734 Michael M'Kinlie.
1764 Launcelot Low.
1772 Samuel Preston.
1777 Thomas Stratford.

Robert M'Asky, 1801.
1801 Samuel Lucas.

Thomas Gore, 1805.
1805 John Yeats.

1850 Gustavus Warner.

Curate.

Barry C. Brown (1842).

UNION OF CLONFADFORAN.
Consists of Clonfadforan and Vastina.

This Union was made in 1887. Clonfadforan Church
(St. Sinanus) was erected in 1828 ; Vastina Church
(St. Brigid) in 1808.

CLONFADFORAN.

Myles Pemberton (1622).
1679 James Mill or Mylnes.
1713 William Percival.
*734 William Moneypenny.
1743 Michael M'Kinlay.
1764 Joseph Pasley.
1766 Henry Goldsmith.
1768 Elias Handcock.
1771 Robert Leavens.
1783 Hems worth Ussher.
1821 William Eames.
1847 Cecil Russell.
1860 Robert Healy.
1864 Richard Dowse.
1900 Nathaniel S. Joly.

Curates.

1887 Francis John Stopford

Mouritz.
1889 James Leonard Poe.

1891 Charles Sinclair.

1892 James W. M'Ginley.
1901 Alfred Ernest Leigh

Stuart.

1905 Walter Henry Townsend
Gahan.

VASTINA.

1401 John Acton.
1401 Geoffrey Appelpen.
Thomas Lisley (1622).

APPENDIX

327

1637 John Crawford. 1809

1663 Neptune Blood. 1828

1675 Henry Fitzgerald. 1843

1680 James Mylnes. 1844

1712 John Shadwell. 1877

1724 George Marlay. 1879

1735 Thomas White, D.D. 1883
1769 Launcelot Low, D.D.
1784 Philip Homan.

1802 James Clewloe. 1874

Thomas Robinson.
Henry Rochford.
Richard B. Booth.
John Francis Battersby.
Arthur Gough Gubbins.
Edward P. Riddall.
Henry Seddall, LL.D.

Curate.
H. W. Butler.

UNION OF ARDNURCHER.
Consists of Ardnurcher, Kilcumreagh, and Kilbeggan.

Ardnurcher and Kilcumreagh were united at an
early date, probably in the sixteenth century. Kil-
beggan was added to the Union after disestablishment.
Ardnurcher Church was built in 1822 ; Kilbeggan (St.
Beccan) in 1764.

1873 Joseph Morley Dennis.
1876 A. Beatty.

1879 Walter Riddall.

1880 George Samuel Greer.
1886 Thomas Heron Aldwell.
1888 James Hamilton.

1894 Francis J. S. Mouritz.

Curates.

ARDNURCHER.

William de Geinville

(1260).
1400 Malachy Maccochlan.

William Nugent, 1547.
1547 Dermod O'Mollan.
1556 Patrick O'Molane.
1571 John Mulrony.
1589 Robert Draper.
1607 Thomas Pillen.
1607 John Darling.
1615 Thomas Pillen.
1625 Richard Prise.
1660 Neptune Blood.
1662 William Smith.
1682 William Morgan.

1692 Nicholas Knight.

1693 John King.

1730 Benjamin Hawkshaw.
1740 Michael M'Kinlie.
1765 William Walsh.
1771 Philip Homan.
1802 Hemsworth Ussher.
1821 George Leslie Gresson.
1843 John Lever.
1862 Garrett Nugent.

1857 Jonathan Harding.
1860 Peter Marsh.

KILBEGGAN.
1400 Patrick Magayga.

John Stearne (1622).

Thomas Fleetwood( 164 1)
1691 - - Griffith. 1

William Harvie. 1
Robert Pakenham, 1745.

1745 Herbert Bowen.
1764 James or John Elrington.
1801 William Marshall.
1831 Edward Wilson.
Curates.

Mr. Walsh (1822).
1870 J. B. Smith.

1 Disputed election.

328

APPENDIX

UNION OF NEWTOWN FERTULLAGH.
Consists of Newtown Fertullagh and Rahugh.

The Church was erected hi 1834.
separate records of Rahugh.

There are no

1608 Thomas Pilne or Pillen.

1625 George Southwick.

1626 William Moorehead.

James Carey, preacher

(1658).
1688 James Mylne.

1713 William Percival.

1714 Thomas Monck.

John Shadwell, 1724.
1724 George Marlay.
1736 Thomas White.
1769 Herbert Bowen.
1781 Thomas Gore.

1805 John Yeats.

1811 Henry Rochford.
1811 Charles Vignoles, D.D
1843 Samuel Despard.
1847 William Drought.
1854 Joseph Morgan Daly.

1864 Robert Healy.

1865 William Izod O'Connor.
1889 Oliver W. Walsh.

1899 J. W. M'Ginley.

Curates.

1727 Andrew Jameson.

1862 Samuel A. Brennan.

1863 Edward S. Radcliff.

UNION OF CLARA.
Consists of Clara and Lemanaghan.

Clara was formerly a Chapel of Ease to Ardmircher.
It was formed into a perpetual curacy in 1808, at which
time Lemanaghan was united to it. The Church (St.
Brigid) was built early in the nineteenth century.

CLARA OR KILBRIDETANGAN.

1809 Francis Jones.

1810 Skelton Gresson.
1853 William Peter Turpin.

Hugh J. Flynn, 1872.
1872 Frederick W. Mac-

namara.
1906 James Hamilton.

Curates.

1851 John Maurice Gillington.
1870 Robert Healy.

1899 Hugh Clements Beere.

1904 Lewis H. Macnamara.

1905 Patrick Percival

O'Sullivan.

LEMANAGHAN.

1634 Thomas Astbrooke.
1662 Robert Sandes.
1670 George Lauder.
1732 John Antrobus.

PARISH OF BALLYBOY.

This was a Chapel of Ease to Fercall. The Church
(St. Cormac) was built in 1815.

1617 Neale Molloy. Thomas Coffy, preacher

1641 John Stenne. (1658).

APPENDIX

329

1757 Richard Bunworth.
John Burton (1818).

Charles Burton (1842).

W. George Harman

(1842).

1848 Henry Carleton.
1857 Amand du Bourdieu.

Thomas B.Harpur, 1875.
1875 Arthur Gough Gubbins.
1877 James Cullen.

1879 James Bennett Keene.
1879 John Healy, LL.D.
1886 James Todd, LL.D.
1888 John Alfred Forde.
1890 J. Wybrants Johnston.
1904 A. E. L. Stuart.

Curate.
1892 James Clarke.

PARISH OF KILLOUGHEY.

This Parish represents the old Parish of Fercall,
which included Killoughey, Rahan, Lynally, Ballyboy,
Eglish, and Drumcullen. The Church (St. Eoughy)
was built in 1818.

1615 Charles Dun.

1617 Neale or Nolan Mulloy.

1641 Richard Washington.

1665 Thomas Coffy.

1692 Thomas Hamilton.

Joseph Placett (1694).

Richard Taylor, 1728.
1728 Daniel Jackson.
1773 Charles Coote.

1796 Thomas Kemmis.

1827 Ralph Coote.

1868 Maxwell Henry Coote.

1905 Lewis H. Macnamara.

Curates.

1810 Peter Roe.

John Kinahan (1818).

John Dunne (1824).
Charles Burton (1842).

W.George Harman (1842)
1881 F. W. Knox.

1896 George A. Earle.
1898 Alexander Duff Moore.
1904 Arthur Reginald Burns.

UNION OF EGLISH.
Consists of Eglish and Drumcullen.

Eglish Church (St. James) is old, date unknown.

EGLISH.

Joseph or Thomas

Barnes (1818).
Robert Healy (1842).
i86q Augustus F. G. Bluett

1896 Hamlet McClenaghan.

1897 Philip Graydon Tibbs.

1902 William Thomas Stewart.
1906 Robert Francis Shirley.

DRUMCULLEN.

1548 Rory O'Conebagh.
1550 Rory O'Lonem.
Charles Burton (1824).

33O APPENDIX

UNION OF KlLNEGARENAGH.

Consists of Kilnegarenagh and Rahan.

This Union was made after disestablishment. Kil-
negarenagh Church was built in 1830. Rahan, formerly
one of the Chapels of Fercall, was made a perpetual
curacy in 1810. The Church is a very ancient and
interesting structure, part with stone roof, probably
dating from before the Anglo-Norman Invasion. There
are also the well preserved ruins of a twelfth century
church, with handsome doorway.

KILNEGARENAGH. 1864 Edward Newland.

Thomas Astbrooke( 1639) RAUAN
1732 John Antrobus.

1736 John Owens, D.D. I550 R ory O'Brien.

1744 Sir Philip Hoby, Bart. X 6i6 Charles Dun.

1748 Henry Coghlan. ^24 Richard Prise.

1797 Henry Maxwell. l8l2 Francis Evans.

1802 Henry Mahon. l823 Charles Bury Turpin.

1838 Michael Egan. _ j Vignoles Brabazon

1864 Robert H. Dunne. (1883).

1883 J. Vignoles Brabazon. l8 8 3 United to Kilnegarenagh

1890 George Alexander Nicolls

Curates.

Curates - r 8 5 6 Maxwell Henry Coote.

James Dom. Burton 1857 Tobias De Rome Bolton.

(1818). 1860 Thomas Mason.

James P. Holmes (1824). 1861 Andrew T. Labatt.

PARISH OF DURROW.

The Church (St. Columba) is old, and was partially
rebuilt in 1802.

Robert Shepley (1622). 1823 John Lever.

1754 Thomas Bambrick. 1830 Peter Toler.

1755 George Jackson. 1847 Joseph Chapman.

Thomas Falknor (1799). 1876 Richard Smyth.

Edward Pepper, 1815. 1885 Oliver Joseph Tibeaudo.

1815 Arthur Champagne. 1893 Stirling De Courcey

1816 Cuthbert Fetherstone. Williams.

APPENDIX

331

UNION OF TULLAMORE.
Consists of Kilbride and Lynally.

Tullamore was formerly a Chapel of Ease to Durrow,
but at an early period was formed into a separate
Parish. It became a Rectory by the purchase of the
tithes by a grant from the Evans Fund. The Church
(St. Catherine) was built in 1818. After disestablish-
ment, the parish of Lynally was joined to Tullamore,
and a beautiful new Church (St. Bartholomew) was
built there in 1887 by the bequest of Captain Howard
Bury and the gift of Lady Emily Bury.

KILBRIDE TULLAMORE.

Philip Dickson (1748).
1755 George Jackson.

Francis Grant, 1758.
1770 William Stoney.
1779 James Maxwell.
1799 Ponsonby Gouldsbury.
1830 John Lever.
1843 Edward Fleetwood
Berry.

1861 John Swift Joly.
1869 Graham Craig.

1902 Robert Stewart Craig.

Curates.

William Eames (1818).

Joseph Meredyth (1826).
1856 A. T. Macnamara.

1859 Henry Burrows.

1860 Walter T. Turpin.

1862 William Johnstone

Sargent.

1865 Usher B. Mills.
1872 John C. Low.

1869 John Rennison.

1874 Peter Wilson.

1876 William Wilson.

1878 Henry James Ringwood.

1882 Stephen Thomas Penny.

1883 William Warnock Smith.

1884 Stewart Emerson

Cooney.

1902 Herbert Newcome Craig.

1905 Horace Sterling Towns-
end Gahan.

1907 Cecil Thomas Rennison.

LYNALLY.

1536

O'Molloy.

1550 Dermicus O'Dongin.
1617 Neale Molloy.
1641 Richard Washington.
1665 Thomas Coffy.
Neal Carolan (1693).
1769 Quintan Finlay.

Curates.

1859 Walter T. Turpin.
1861 Henry Walter Butler.

RURAL DEANERY OF LOUGHSUEDY.

UNION OF LOUGHSUEDY.
Consists of Ballymore, Killare, and Drumraney.

Ballymore and Killare were united at an early date.
The Church (St. Owen) was built in 1826. After

332

APPENDIX

disestablishment the Parish of Dnimraney was divided
between this Parish, Ballyloughloe, and Kilkenny
West. The Church was built in 1811, but is now
disused.

BALLYMORE.

Nicholas de Clcra (1289).
1401 Donald Magluay.

Maurice O'Kennedy

(1406)
1425 Andrew O'Casey.

John Coffey, "1546.
1546 Richard Bermingham.

Richard Walsh, 1549.

Robert Fullerton, prea-

cher (1658).

William Piers (1723).

Thomas Lennox (1733).

Stephen Booth (1746).

Alexander Mackilwain,

1764.

1773 Charles Kelly.
1782 Edward Donovan.
1827 John Falloon.
1865 James A. Bell.

1873 Edward P. Riddall.

1874 O. J. Tibeaudo.
1890 Andrew Cooper.

Curates.

1857 William Henderson.
1862 Lewis R. Hearn.

DRUMRANEY.

1560 Bryan O'Connoyle.

John Ankers (1622).

1628 Mark Linche.

1629 Richard Price.
1664 John Stevens.
1682 Henry Greene.
1731 John Travers.

William Maxwell, 1800.
1811 James Alexander.

Benson, 1821.

1821 William Battersby.
John F. Battersby.

1822 Creagh Code.
Donelan Bolingbroke

Seymour (1845).
Richard Butler Bryan,

1847-
1847 James Alexander Crozier.

UNION OF FORGNEY.
Consists of Forgney and Noughaval.

Both these Parishes were formerly Chapels of Ease
to Ballymore. They were held with Ballymore by the
Bishop of Meath, but were disappropriated from the
See in 1844. Forgney Church (St. Munis) was built
in 1810.

Donald Magluay, 1401.
1401 Thomas Magluay.
1800 James Moffatt.
1840 Hill Wilson.
1872 Henry Seddall, LL.D.
1883 Edward Morgan

Griffin.
1894 James H. Rice.

1898 O. W. Walsh.

1907 Francis J. A. Beere.

Curates.

1851 Stephen Radcliff.
1857 Lorenzo Torpey.
NOUGHAVAL.
No record.

APPENDIX

333

UNION OF KILKENNY WEST.
Consists of Kilkenny West and Bunowen.

These Parishes were united after disestablishment.
Kilkenny West Church is dedicated to St. Canice.
Bunowen Church was built in 1818.

KILKENNY WEST.

1608 John Ankers.

Charles Goldsmith,

1747.

1747 John Wynne.
1782 William Bryan.

Philip Bertles, 1785.
1790 James Saurin.
1809 William Bryan.

1815 Richard Butler Bryan.
1822 Richard George.
1848 James A. Crozier.
1860 Newport Benjamin

White.

1870 John Rennison.
1876 George F. Courtenay.

1876 Richard Smyth.

1890 Edward Martyn Venn.

Curates.

1800 Samuel Robinson.

1806 Samuel Pool.

1870 William Shaw Darley.

BUNOWEN.

1823 John Gordon Caulfield.

1826 Thomas Gordon Caul-
field.
John Francis Battersby.

1844 Donelan Bolingbroke
Seymour.

1852 David Robert Bleakley.

UNION OF ALMORITIA.

Consists of Almoritia, Piercetown, Templepatrick,
Rathconrath, Churchtown, and Conry.

Almoritia and Piercetown were united in 1840.
Rathconrath was a separate Parish until disestablish-
ment, and Churchtown until 1875. The only Church
now in use is Almoritia (St. Nicholas), which was built

1730 Benjamin Hawkshaw.
1738 Currell Smyth.
1770 Charles Woodward.
1772 Richard Norris, D.D.
1784 Bartholomew Lutley

Sclator.

James Irwine, 1811.
1811 Samuel Williams.
1813 James Hamilton.
1841 James Brabazon.
1885 H. Vere White.

ALMORITIA OR BALLYMORAN.

Charles Dun, LL.D.

(1615).

1617 William Moorehead.
1630 Randolph Adams.

Thomas Fleet wood (1641 )
1665 Randolph Adams.
1675 ./William Jones.
1675 'Alexander Norris.
1722 Robert Meares.

334

APPENDIX

1888 Francis Thomas Caldwell
1898 Charles Edward Hardy
1902 Hamlet McClenaghan.
1905 James Frazer PiUor.

Curates.

John Macefield (1615).

John Falloon (1824).

PIERCETOWN.

James Areskin (1622).
1630 Randolph Adams.
1-675 James Hierome, D.D.
1683 John Twells.

1730 Benjamin Harshaw.

1738 Currel Smith.

1813 United to Almoritia.

TEMPLEPATRICK OR MOYVORE.

William Moorehead
(1622).

RATHCONRATH.
- Dalton.

1574 -
James Areskin (1615).
1630 Randolph Adams.
1688 Miles Sweny.
1692 John Twelves.
1696 Nicholas Knight.
1730 Benjamin Hawkshaw.
1738 Currell Smith.
1748 Michael M'Kinley.

1765 William Quid or Field,

D.D.
1811 George Frederick Potter.

1837 Brabazon Joseph Grant.

Curate.
1727 Thomas Lemon.

CHURCHTOWN.

Thomas Lisley (1622).
1630 Randolph Adams.
1637 John Crawford.
J 675 James Hierome, D.D.
1683 John Twells.
1722 Robert Mears.
1733 Stafford Lightburne.
1747 James Ross.
1762 Arthur Reynell.
1784 Roger Forde.
1831 James Matthews.

1838 John Low.

1839 Robert H. Dunne.
1864 Joseph Morgan Daly.
1872 Robert Henry Durham.
1875 T. Basil Anderson.

Curate.
William Drought (1842).

CONRY.
No record.

UNION OF LENEY.

Consists of Leney, Lacken, Templeoran, Stonehall,
Multifarnham, and Dysart.

The Union of Leney consisted of Leney, Tyfernan,
Templeoran, and Kilmacnevin. The last is now united
to Kilbixy. Stonehall, Multifarnham, and Dysart were
added after disestablishment. Dysart was formerly
united to Churchtown. The date of Leney Church is
not known ; Stonehall Church (St. John Baptist)
dates from 1809.

Henry Parr (1622).
Robert Lorky, preacher
(1658).

Francis Gouldsbury,

1759-
1760 Thomas Mears.

APPENDIX

335

William Gorman (1799).
Ponsonby Gouldsbury

(1799)-
1808 Daniel Ward.

1849 Thomas Hanley Ball.

Thomas M'Mahon, 1856.
1856 Alexander Braddell.
1878 Richard Stuart Dobbs

Campbell.

1888 John Rennison.
1897 Francis Thomas Cald-

well.

Curate.
1860 John Carroll.

LACKEN.
No record.

TEMPLEORAN.
No record.

STONEHALL.

Gilbert Purdon (1615).

John Mountneld (1622).

Christopher Dixon (1733)

Abel Marmion, 1734.
1734 Oliver Brady.
1764 James Sheridan.
1771 William Nixon.
1813 Robert Lockwood.
1820 John Young.
1830 Bond Hall.

Jackson Wray, 1855.
1855 John Dopping.

1862 John Carroll.

1863 Francis Marsh.

Curate.
Thomas Kishby (1615).

MULTIFARNHAM.

Gilbert Purdam (1622).
1665 Walter Melvin or Melvill.
1670 Eugene Reilly.
1688 Audeon Reyly.
1692 Thomas or John Dobson.
1717 William Jones.

Abel Marmion, 1734.
1734 Oliver Brady.
1762 John Wynne.
1779 James Maxwell.
1799 Ponsonby Gouldsbury.
1809 United to Stonehall.

Curate.
Thomas Kishby (1622).

DYSART.

1309 John de Fresingfeld.
Nicholas Moynagh

(1407).

1407 Richard King.
1560 John Duffe.
1617 Adam Anderson.
1630 Randolph Adams
1639 Robert Lackey.
1660 Thomas Burton.
1675 William Jones.
1.688 John Forbes.
1692 Edward Wallen.
1723 William Jones.
1725 William Monypenny.
1761 Robert King.
1783 Christopher McAllister.
1783 Henry Wynne.
1788 Richard Wynne.
1801 Stephen Radcliff.
1809 United to Churchtown.

UNION OF KILBIXEY.
Consists of Kilbixey and Kilmacnevin.

Kilmacnevin formerly belonged to the Union of
Leney, but was transferred to Kilbixey after dis-

APPENDIX

establishment. The Church (St. Bigseach) was built
in 1798.

KILBIXEY. 1864 William Izod O'Connor.

Henrv Parr ^1622^ l86 5 Francis Henry Swift.

1760 ?hoas or' 'charies ^5 Frederick John Badham,

Meares.

1815 John Thomas De Burgh. KILMACNEVIN

1822 Gerald Beere.
1849 William Irwin. Henry Parr (1622).

RURAL DEANERY OF CLONMACNOISE.

PARISH OF BALLYLOUGHLOE.

The Church (Holy Trinity) was erected in 1812.
A private chapel, which is used by the parishioners in
the neighbourhood, was built at Moydrum by Lord
Castlemaine, and was consecrated in 1879.

1542 Onorius Coffey. 1858 Paulus Oemelius Singer.

1550 John Dillon. 1859 Thomas Gordon Caul-

1559 John Dillon. field.

1569 John Kellye. 1875 George Henry Moore

1608 John Ankers. Preston.

1630 John Stevens. 1886 Jonas Greene.

1633 Richard Lingard. 1903 Richard Frederick Martin

1634 Thomas Fleetwood. Clifford.

1662 Rowse Clopton. 1907 Beresford Townsend

1684 George Padmore. Gahan.

1685 Robert Smyth.

1685 Robert Sintclare. Curates.

John Smyth (1689). Robert Roberts (1699).

1706 William Jackson. John Huleatt, 1733.

1725 John Travers. 1733 James Marshall.
1774 William Maxwell. Thomas Walsh (1842).

1800 Thomas English. 1857 John Crofton.

1816 William Peacocke. 1857 William C. Ringwood.

PARISH OF KILCLEAGH.

Kilcleagh was generally held with Ballyloughloe and
Athlone until 1816. The Church (St. Mary) was con-
secrated in 1788.

APPENDIX

337

John Ankers (1622).
1628 Mark Linche.
1639 Robert Lingate.
1664 J onn Stevens.
1706 William Jackson.

Christopher Kean ( 1799).

William Maxwell, 1800.
1803 Thomas English

1816 Arthur Rolleston.

D. W. Tempe (1842).
John Hopkins, 1856.

1856 Richard Gibbings, D.D.

1857 Charles J. Bayly.

1862 Richard Carter.

1864 William Irwin.

1865 Robert Healy.
J 875 John Rennison.

1888 Thomas Heron Aldwell.
1904 J. Wy brants Johnston.

Curates.

Spencer W. Walsh, D.D.

(1842).

1870 John Swift Joly.
1898 H. W. Burgess, LL.D.
1901 John D. F. Morrow.

PARISH OF ATHLONE.

The Church (St. Mary) was built in 1826 ; the
tower, however, belongs to an older structure.

David Malone (1604).
1608 John Ankers.
1629 Richard Price.
1629 Mark Linche.
1633 Richard Lingard.

Mr. Barton (1644).

Samuel Cox, preacher
(1658).

Enoch Webb, preacher

(1660).

1 66 1 William Vincent.
1664 John Stevens.
1683 Edward Wallen.
1723 William Jones.
1747 Arthur Forbes.
1747 Arthur Grueber.
1755 Richard Handcock.
1791 James William Sterling.
1820 James Robert Moffatt.
1861 Edward Fleetwood Berry
1869 John Swift Joly.
1888 Richard Stuart Dobbs
Campbell, D.D.

Curates.
William Burnett (1733).

VOL II.

1768 Elias Handcock.
1824 Samuel Hodson.

1824 Alexander Campbell.

1825 Thomas Walsh.

1826 Travers Jones.

1827 C. H. Mangin.
1827 J. Kallis.

1829 C. H. Hayden.

1830 James Luby.
1833 Thomas Lanage.

John Hewitt Wren

(1842)

1851 Thomas Wilson.
1854 F. W. Maunsell.
1856 Thomas Wetherell.

1858 James Staunton.

1859 E. J. Handcock.

1860 Edward Isaac Had-

dock.

1861 E. A. Knipe.

1883 C. W. Roberts.

1884 John Roche Ardill.
1886 Frederick J. Grierson.
1902 William George

Smylie.
1907 Cecil Ross Kitching.

338

APPENDIX

UNION OF CLONMACNOISE.
Consists of Clonmacnoise and Tisaran.

This Union was made after disestablishment. The
Church of Clonmacnoise (St. Keiran) is an ancient
building. Tisaran Church (St. Saran) was built in
1806. A new church (St. Keiran) has been erected at
Shannon Bridge. It was consecrated in 1877.

CLONMACNOISE.

1615 John Ankers.

William Maxwell,
preacher (1658).
1743 Philip Barrett.

1762 Stephen Booth.

1763 Joseph Pasley.

1764 William Donaldson.
1778 John Baily.

1799 Jhn Gay Fitzgerald.
1843 James Wolfe Charleton.
1851 Charles Vignoles.
1874 N. R. Brunskill.

1880 James Edward Cullen.

1881 A. E. Crotty.
1887 S. E. Cooney.

1893 John George Hodges.

Curates.

1727 Robert Jackson.

Nicholas Magrath (1842).

TISARAN.
1559 Patrick Morgan.

John Stearne (1622).
1634 Thomas Ashbrooke.

1664 Cornelius O'Donnell.

1665 Thomas Coffey.
1672 George Lauder.
1709 Richard Moreton.

1731 James Smyth.

1732 John Antrobus.
J 736 John Owens, D.D.
1744 Sir Philip Hoby, Bart.
1748 Henry Coghlan.

1797 Henry Maxwell.
1802 Henry Mahon.
1838 James Alexander.
1857 Charles J. Bayly.
1857 Richard Gibbings, D.D.
1866 Henry A. Sadleir.

Curates.

Mr. Maxwell (1799).

Mr. Hamilton (1799).

H. Birmingham (1824).

Charles Driscoll (1826).
J. C. Wolfe (1842).

1865 Thomas Richard Setford
Collins.

UNION OF FERBANE.
Consists of Wherry and Gallen.

This Union was formed after disestablishment.
Ferbane Church was built in 1805, Dut the belfry was
not erected until 1819. Gallen was formerly united
to Rynagh. The Church (St. Conocus), situated in the
village of Cloghan, was built in 1813.

APPENDIX

339

WHERRY^OR FERBANE. 1884 M. A. Devine.

1639 Thomas Ashbrooke.
1664 Cornelius O'Donnell.
1670 George Lauder.

1731 James Smith.

1732 John Antrobus.
1736 John Owen.

1744 Sir Philip Hoby, Bart.
1748 Henry Coghlan.
1797 Henry Maxwell.
1802 Henry Mahon.
1815 Hugh Fitzgerald.

1837 Joseph Morgan Daly.

1838 James Alexander.
1851 Richard Gibbings.
1857 Charles James Bayly.

James Forsythe, 1874.
1874 Donelan Bolingbroke
Seymour.

GALLEN.

1664 John Stephens.
1682 Michael Cahill.
1739 James Price.
1798 Henry Maxwell.

John Burdett, 1841.
1841 James Paul Holmes.
1849 Courtney Turner.

William Drought, 1874.

Curates.

Henry B. MacCartney

(1826).

1859 Charles L. Thomas.
1870 James Forsythe.

PARISH OF RYNAGH.

Rynagh was united to Gallen in 1798, but the Union
was dissolved in 1841. The Church (St. Mary) was
erected in 1829.

1639 Thomas Johnston.
1671 John Stevens.
1682 Michael Cahill.

Thomas Piers, 1739.
1739 James Price.
1754 Richard Warburton.
1798 Henry Maxwell.
1798 George Brabazon.
1798 John Burdett.
1841 Robert Mitchell Kennedy

John Joseph Fletcher.

1849 Courtenay Turner.
1856 Robert Staveley.
1867 Joseph Samuel Bell,

LL.D.

1872 James A. Bell.
1886 J. Jackson Sherrard.

Curates.

1863 Frederick W. Wetherell.
1870 Arthur B. Nicholls.
1885 William Winter Burbury.

INDEX.

I NDEX.

A.

Abbey churches, i., 92, 113, 124.
Adrian, Pope, i., 63, 70.
Adventurers, i., 308.
Agher, rectory, i., 215 ; attacked,

ii., 107 ; glebe, ii., 153 ; church, ii.,

154; plate, ii., 265 ; clergy, ii., 301.
Agitation, rise of, ii., 166.
Aidus, King, i., 45.
Alcuin, i., 27.
Alexander, Nathaniel, Bishop of Meath,

translated from Down, ii., 164 ;

death, ii., 178 ; episcopate, 272.
Alienation of church property, i., 182,

224, 245, 265 ; ii., 18, 50.
Alien priories, i., 105.
Allen, Nicholas, Bishop of Meath, i.,

143 ; ii., 270.
Allen, John, Archbishop of Dublin, i.,

162, 163.

Alms Houses at Athboy, ii., 147.
Almoritia, incumbent, ii., 136 ; church,

ii., 154 ; plate, ii., 258, 268 ; clergy,

333-
Andrew, William, Bishop of Meath, i.,

145 ; ii., 270.
Angulo, Gilbert de, i., 95 ; Joceline de,

i-, 95-

Ankers, John, i., 238.

Anne, Queen, remits first fruits, ii., 30 ;
penal laws, ii., 69, 74.

Annuitants, ii., 211.

Appropriations, i., 72, 118, 123, 169.

Archdall, Mervyn, ii., 101.

Archdeacon of Meath, president of
synod, i., 79 ; contested appoint-
ments, i., 124, 137 ; illegitimate,
125; excommunicated, i., 130;
deprived, i., 191 ; John Garvey, i.,
192; Owen Wood, i., 214; Ussher's
mention, i., 257 ; list of arch-
deacons, ii., 276.

Archpresbyters, i., 75.

Ardagh, church founded by St. Pat-
rick, i., 9; glebe, ii., 153; church,
ii., 154; clergy, ii., 286.

Ardbraccan, founded by Broccan, i., 3
note ; Ultan, i., 44 ; plundered, i.,
52 ; purchased from the king, i., 55 ;
granted to Gilbert de Angulo, i., 95 ;
alienation of glebe, i., 245 ; tithes,
i., 265 ; taken by rebels, i., 273 ;
bishop attacked, i., 277 ; charter
school, ii., 94 ; prosperity under
Bishop Maule, ii., 95 ; plate, ii., 265 ;
clergy, ii., 313.

Armagh, Book of, i., 2, 4, 14 ; synod
at, i., 70 ; visitation of province, i.,
241.

Armagh, Archbishop of, part in epis-
copal elections, i., 80 ; excommuni-
cates the archdeacon of Meath, i.,
130; excommunicated, i., 131;
deposes the clean of Clonmacnpise,
i., 156; rector of Athboy, i., 244.
Ardmulchan, i., 121, 243, 244; ii.,

289.

Ardnacranna, Carmelite friary, i., 107.
Ardnamullen, i., 293.
Ardnurcher, rector of, i., 120; vicarage,
i., 217 ; rural deanery, i., 243 ;
vicar, i., 250 ; glebe, i., 265 ; ii.
153 ; church attacked, i., 325 ;
Baptist chapel at, ii., 174; plate,
ii., 268 ; clergy, ii., 327.
Ardsallagh, restitution of tithes, i.,
265 ; castle of, i., 289 ; clergy, ii.,
312.

Art, King, i., 46.
Art Oge, i., 224.
Asserby, John, i., 139.
Assy, i., 265 ; ii., 299.
Association for Promoting Christian

Knowledge, ii., 161.
Athboy, Carmelite monastery, i., 106 ;
church, i., 169; garrison, i., 212;
vicarage, i., 216 ; Primate as rector
i., 244 ; taken by rebels, i., 273 ;
besieged, i., 289 ; Cromwellian
preacher, i., 295 ; church, ii., 37 ;
curate, ii., 44 ; a Methodist assaulted,
ii., 90 ; rebels at, ii., 107, 131 ; non-
residence, ii., 131, 134; charities,

344

INDEX

ii., 146; glebe, ii.. 153; Choral
Festival at. ii., 200 ; plate, ii., 259 ;
clergy, ii., 311.

Athlone, Dominican monastery, i.;
in; income of parish, i., 120;
vicarage, i.. 217 ; church, i., 243 ,
ii., 171 ; extensive union, i., 248 ;
restitution of tithes, i., 264 ; murder
of Mr. Barton, i., 275 ; attack on
church, i., 325 ; services, ii., 41, 142 ;
Holy Communion, ii., 42 ; schools,
ii., 43 ; Wesley at, ii., 54, 55, 81, 82,
84 ; moveable pulpit, ii., 57 ;
" bellower," ii., 59 ; Methodists
leave the church for a time, i., 85 ;
glebe, ii., 153; statistics of parish,
ii., 171 ; Methodist chapels, ii., 174 ;
Baptist chapel, ii.. 174 ; plate, ii.,
256 ; clergy, ii., 337.

Athlumney, ii., 3^3.

Augustinians, i., 93, 259.

Auxiliary Fund, ii., 250.

B.

Baithen, i., 46.

Balfeighan, i., 3, 265 ; ii., 301.

Ball, Miss Elizabeth," ii., 226, 248.

Ballybeg, castle of, i., 289.

Ballyboggan, i., 94 ; ii., 320.

Ballyboy, Carmelite monastery, i.,
no; glebe, i., 265; church seized,
i-. 3 2 5 : precaution against beggars,
ii., 59; Wesley at, ii., 81 ; incum-
bent, ii., 136; church, ii., 154;
endowment, ii., 247 ; clergy, ii., 328.

Ballygarth, i., 215, 248; ii., 8, 175, 296.

Ballyloughloe, income of parish, i., 120;
Bishop Wall presented to benefice,
i., 157; church, i., 243; ii., 154;
served by the incumbent of Athlone,
i., 248 ; restitution of tithes, i., 264 ;
church seized, i.. 326 ; united to
Kilcleagh, ii., 48; glebe, ii., 153,
plate, ii., 262 ; clergy, ii., 336.

Bally magarvey, income of parish, i.,
121 ; restitution of tithes, i., 265;
clergy, ii., 297.

Ballymaglasson, tithes, i., 265 ; glebe,
ii., 152, 153.; church, ii., 154; plate,
ii., 263 ; clergy, ii., 304.

Ballymore, Benedictine abbey, i., 104 ;
bishop's residence at, i., 242 ; town
burned, i., 289 ; glebe, ii., 153; plate,
ii, 265 ; clergy, ii., 331.

Balrath, castle of. i., 289.

Balrathboyne, i., 46.

Balroddan, see Raddonstown.

Balsoon, i., 228, 289 ; ii., 39, 300.

Banagher, church, i., 243; ii., 154;
royal school, ii., 43 ; Methodist
chapel, ii., 174; Baptist chapel, ii.,
174 ; see Rynagh.

Barith, Danish leader, i., 51.

Barnwall family, i., 103.

Barrind of DrumcuIIen, i.. 44.
Barton, Mr., murdered at Athlone, i.,

275-

Basil, General Council of, i., 250.
Bates, White, ii., 116.
Bathe, Thomas, i., 124.
Battersby, John F., ii., 183.
Bayly. Charles, ii., 184. 200.
Beaubec, i., 106, 121.
Beaufo, Isabella de, i., 136.
Beaufort, Dr., ii., 103.
Beaumore, i., 104.
Bective, Cistercian abbey, i., 92, 127:

no curate, i., 249 ; castle of, i., 289 ;

clergy, ii., 309.
Bedell. William, Bishop of Kilmore, i.,

229. 305.

Beggars' badges, ii., 59.
Bell, James, ii., 245.
Bell, Joseph S., ii., 205, 220, 228, 245.
Bellower, ii., 59.
Benedictines, i., 104.
Bernard, John, Dean of St. Patrick's.

ii.. 240.

Bernard, of Clairvaux, i., 58. 70, 92.
Bevan, R. T., ii., 201.
Bible, Irish, i., 315 ; ii., 21. 77.
Bible Society, Hibernian, ii., 160 ;

Diocesan, ii., 160, 244.
Bigseach of Kilbixey, i., 48.
Birmingham, Richard, i., 192.
Bishops, tribal, i., 8, 32, 53.
Bishops, diocesan, appointment of, i.,

79, 90 ; increased activity, ii., 31 ;

non-jurors, ii.. 70 ; manifesto

against the National Board, ii., 187 ;

veto, ii., 205 ; election after dis-
establishment, ii., 219; income, ii.,

224 ; succession, ii., 269.
Bishops, Roman Catholic, i., 218 ; ii.,

76.

Bishopscourt, Westmeath, i., 242.
Bishopscourt, Meath, see See House.
Black Death, i., 143.
Blackwater River, i., 7.
Bligh family, bequest to Athboy, ii.,

146.
Bole, John. Archbishop of Armagh, i.,

95-

Bolton, Miss, bequest, ii., 230.
Booker, Moor, Vicar of Delvin.

sympathy with Methodists, ii.. 86 ;

letter to Bishop Maule, ii. 87 ; to the

vicar-general, ii., 89.
Bourk, Richard, Cromwcllian preacher,

i., 297. 300.

Boyd, G. A. Rochfort, ii.. 215. 245.
Boyle. Hon. Robert, i., 315 ; ii.. 21.
Boyne. river, i.. 2 ; battle, i., 332 ; ii.,

i.

Brackley, Walter de, i., 82, 83.
Brady, Hugh, Bishop of Meath, family,

i., 192 ; character, i., 193 ; letter to

Sir William Cecil, i., 194; advocates

establishment of a university, i., 194 ;

INDEX

345

letter on the appointment of Arch-
bishop Loftus as Dean of St.
Patrick's, i., 195 ; " State of the
Diocese of Meath," i., 197 ; re-edifies
Kells Church, i., 201 ; death, i., 202 ;
alienation of church property, i., 160,
224, 241 ; episcopate, ii., 271.

Brady, Dr. M., ii., 199.

Brady, John Westropp, ii., 246.

Bramhall, John, Archbishop of Ar-
magh, i., 263.

Brawney, i., 57.

" Breastplate," see Lorica.

Brenny or Breffni, i., 21, 210.

Brigid of Kildare, i., 48.

Broccan of Ardbraccan, i., 3, 44.

Brooke, Dr., " Recollections," ii., 180,
182, 186.

Brooke, Master, ii., 208.

Brougham, Henry, ii., 191.

Brown, George, Archbishop of Dublin,
quarrel with Bishop Staples, i., 175 ;
work as a reformer, i., 180.

Brown, Mr., incumbent of Clonalvey
ii., 8.

Brownlow, Duncan J., ii., 246.

Brownlow, John, Dean of Clonmac-
noise, ii., 247, 278.

Brownstown, i., 121, 265 ; ii., 297.

Bruce, Robert, i., 131.

Bunbrusna, skirmish at, ii., 107.

Bunowen, ii., 154, 333.

Burgo, John de, i., 126; William de,

i-, 155-

Burke, Edmund, on penal laws, ii., 72.

Burke, Sir J. Bernard, on the pre-
cedence of Meath, ii., 232.

Burton, Robert, i., 229.

Bury, Captain Howard and Lady
Emily, ii., 248.

Butcher Exhibitions in T.C.D., ii., 219.

Butcher, Samuel, Bishop of Meath, ii.,
192, 204, 217, 224, 273.

Butler, Dean, i., in ; ii., 278.

Byzantine influence on Irish art, i., 39,

C.

Cairnech of Dulane, i., 12.

Cairnes, Thomas Plunket, ii., 215, 236,

237-

Capuchins, i., 259, 328.
Carmelites, i., 106, 107, 259, 328.
Carmichael, Hon. William, Bishop of

Meath, ii., 100, 272.
Carpet, ii., 37, 39.
Carrick, i., 122.
Carter, John, i., 233.
Carthage Mochuda of Rahan, i., 45.
Cashel, interdict at, i., 128.
Castlecor, see Kilbride-Castlecor.
Castlejordan, taken by Sir Charles

Coote, i., 293 ; parish endowed, ii.,

245 ; clergy, ii., 320.

Castlelost, income of parish, i., 122;
endowment, ii., 29; glebe, ii., 153 ;
church, ii., 154; plate, ii., 263;
clergy, ii., 326.

Castlemaine, Lord, ii., 226, 247.

Castlepollard, church, ii., 154 ; riot at,
ii., 1 68 ; see Rathgraffe.

Castlereagh, Lord, ii., 125.

Castlerickard, rector, i., 140; church,
ii., 39 ; clergy, ii., 320.

Castletown-Kilpatrick, founded by St.
Patrick, i., 9 ; vicar, i., 247 ; tithes,
i., 264 ; church, ii., i 54 ; clergy, ii.,
287.

Catalogue of Irish saints, i., 19.

Catechizing, ii., 145.

Cathedral, diocesan, i., 99, 104.

Cathedral, national, ii., 280.

Catholic Association, ii.. 165.

Catholic Confederation, i., 269 ; ii., 12.

Caulneld, T. G., ii., 246.

Cavan, Earl of, ii., 6, 7.

Census (1861), ii., 193.

Cessation of arms, i., 284.

Chalice of Galtrim, ii., 41.

Chaloner, Richard, ii., 245.

Charles I., accession of, i., 258 ;
restores tithes to certain parishes, i.,
263 ; gift of glebes, i., 265 ; ii., 48 ;
appeal to Parliament, i., 279;
negotiations with the rebels, i., 285,
288 ; founds Royal School at
Banagher, ii., 43.

Charles II., restoration, i., 303 ; death,
i-. 3 1 7 ', progress of Romanism under,
i-, 327-

Charter schools, ii., 94.

Choral Union, Meath, ii., 200 ; West-
meath, ii., 201.

Churches, parish, large number of, i.,
126 ; compared with abbey churches,
i., 169 ; condition in 1622, i., 227,
242 ; causes of ruin, ii., 16 ; re-
building, ii., 36 ; Swift and Gold-
smith's description of, ii., 57 ; built
by Bishop O'Beirne, ii., 139, 150,
174.

Church Papists, i., 231.

Church Temporalities Act, ii., 174.

Churchtown (Meath), i., 249 ; ii., 314.

Churchtown (Westmeath), ii., 154, 334.

Churchwardens, ii., 58, 60.

Cistercians, i., 58, 92, 106, 259.

Clairvaux, i., 60.

Clara, Wesley at, ii., 56, 81, 82;
glebe ii., 153; Methodist and
Baptist chapels, ii., 174; clergy,
ii., 328.

Clarendon, Lord, i., 317.

Clement VI., Pope, i., 143.

Clera, Nicholas de, i., 124; William
de, i., 124.

Clerks, parish, ii., 146.

Clergy, character of, i., 135, 168, 199,
217 ; Irishmen excluded, i., 174 ;

346

INDEX

incomes, i.. 250. 262; ii.. 15. 173.

196 ; list (1622). i., 251 ; succession.

ii.. 280.

Clehcal meetings, ii., 162.
Clewloe. Mr., incumbent of Vastina, ii.,

149-
Clogher, Bishop of, i.. 82 ; ii.. 27 ;

diocese of, i., 131, 222, 30 .
Clonard. foundation of, i., 18 ; ruins

at, i.. 22 ; bishopric of, i., 53, 61 ;

plundered, i., 66 ; Augustinian

monastery, i.. 84 ; nunnery, i., 103 ;

castle, i., 136; rural deanery, i.,

243; vicar, i., 250; church, ii., 38,

154; skirmish at, ii., 107; plate,

ii., 259 ; clergy, ii., 319.
Clonabraney, i., 250.
Clonalvey. i., 121 ; ii., 8, 42. 296.
Clonarney, i., 247, 324.
Clonarvey, i., 122.
Clonfad, i., 30.
Clonfadforan. catechizing, ii., 145 ; glebe

ii.. 153; plate, ii., 266; clergy, ii.

326.

Clonfert, ii., 25.
Clongill, i., 216; ii., 137, 293.
Clonguffin, i., 48.

Clonmacduff, i., 249, 265 ; ii., 314.
Clonmacnoise, founding of, i., 23 ;

tower, i., 40 ; Danes at, i., 50, 52 ;

burglary at, i., 55 ; fasting, i., 56;

incomes of clergy (1302), i., 119;

cathedral, i., 156 ; plundered i., 156 ;

rural deanery, i., 243 ; incumbent.

i., 248 ; tithes, i., 264 ; parish, ii.,

44 ; clergy, ii., 338.
Clonmacnoise, Archdeacon of, i., 120,

129, 156, 158 ; ii., 278.
Clonmacnoise, bishopric of, i., 53, 62,

82, 93, 154; income of, i., 119;

illegitimate bishop, i., 125 ; fighting

bishop, i., 156 ; last bishop, i., 157 ;

united to Meath, i., 157, 193 ;

revenues, i., 158 ; list of bishops, ii.,

274.
Clonmacnoise, canons of, i., 119, 158;

ii., 278.
Clonmacnoise, deanery of, i., 119, 156,

158 ; ii., 182, 278.
Cloyne, Bishop of, i., 135.
Coarb, i., 9.

Colchas of Clonmacnoise, i., 27.
Collinstown, ii., 318.
Colman of Clonard, i., 21 ; of Lynally,

i-. 45-
Colpe, priory of, i., 94 ; preceptory,

i., 104; income of parish, i., 121 ;

glebe, ii., 153; church, ii., 154;

plate, ii., 266 ; clergy, ii., 295.
Columbanus, i., 29.
Columkill, i., 29, 33.
Comin, Jordon, i., 94.
Communion, Holy, ii., 42, 141, 173.
Commission, Royal (1867), . '95-

Commutation, ii., 211, 241.

Compounding, ii., 215.

Conference, diocesan, ii., 199.

Confirmation, ii., 163.

Conry. ii., 334.

Constantino of Rahan, i., 45.

Controversy with Roman Catholics.

ii., 190.

Convention, General, ii., 203.
Converts, roll of, ii., 79.
Convocation, ii., 202.
Cookstown, ii., 303.
Cooper, Colonel, ii., 245.
Coote, Sir Charles, i., 282, 289,

293-

Coote. Maxwell H.. ii., 246.
Corkerry, i., 296.
Cormac of Durrow, i., 33.
Corner, Alicia de la, i., 103 ; Joceline

de la, i., 95 ; William de la. i.. 136 ;

see Angulo.
Corner, Richard de la. Bishop of

Meath, i., 84, 135 ; ii., 269.
Cory, Miles, Bishop of Clonmacnoise,

i., 155-

Council, Diocesan, ii., 209.
Craike, Alexander, Bishop of Kildare,

i.. 194-
Craig, Graham, Dean of Clonmacnoise.

ii., 207, 246.

Creekstown, i., 265 ; ii., 303.
Crofts, Sir James, i., 184.
Crofty. hill of. i., 282.
Cromwell, Oliver, lands in Dublin, i.,

291 ; siege of Drogheda, i., 292 ;

holds no parliament, i., 304 ; changes

in Meath, i., 308 ; action against the

church, ii., 12.
Cromwell, Thomas, i., 182.
Crookshanke, Dr. John, ii., 29.
Crossbearers, i., 202.
Crosses, Irish, i., 38.
Crozier, of Kells, i., 41 ; of Durrow, i.,

41 ; of St. Patrick, i., 56 ; of Bishop

Ellis, ii., 36.

Crucifixion in Irish art. i., 39.
" Crucifixion, The," poem, ii., 116.
Crucifix, miraculous, i., 94.
Cruicetown, ii., 175, 287.
Crumpe, Henry, i., 46; Matthew, i.,

137-

Crusades, i., 118.
Crutched friars, i., 104.
Culmullen, ii., 31, 305.
Cunningham, James, ii., 43.
Curates, ii., 137.
Curwen, Hugh, Archbishop of Dublin,

i., 196.
Cusack, Geoffrey de, Bishop of Meath,

i., 84 ; ii., 269.
Cusack. Mr., bequest to Athboy, ii..

146.

Cushinstown, ii., 303.
Cuthbert, Richard, i.. 94.

INDEX

347

D.

Dalton, Major, ii., 200, 244.

Daly, Joseph, ii., 184.

Danes, i., 49.

Danistown, ii., 44, 297.

Dantsey, Edward, Bishop of Meath, i.,

1 16, 148, 149 ; ii., 270.
Darnley, Lord, ii., 147.
Daunt, Achilles, Dean of Cork, ii., 220.
David of Menevia, i., 18, 94.
Davies, Sir John, i., 222.
Davidson, J. H., ii., 246.
Dease, Thomas, Roman Catholic

Bishop of Meath, i., 2^6, 259, 267,

275, 283.

De Flumine Dei, i., 93.
De Lacy, Hugh, appointed to the Lord-
ship of Meath, i., 67 ; his policy, i.,

68 ; personal appearance, i., 68 ;

contest with Tiernan O'Rorke, i., 69 ;

destroys Celtic monasteries, i., 72 ;

dispute about his body, i., 93 ;

founds Abbeys of Kells and Durrow,

i.. 96.

De Lacy, Hugh, the younger, i., 105.
De Lacy, Walter, i., 22, 94, 105.
Delamere family, i., 112.
Delvin, parish, i., 122 ; Methodism at,

ii., 87 ; glebe, ii., 153 ; plate, ii., 264 ;

clergy, 324.
Deodatus, Bishop of Meath, i., 82 ; ii.,

269.

Depositions (1641), i., 270.
Deprivations, i., 188, 190, 191.
Dermod, King of Leinster, i., 64, 65.
Desmond, Thomas, Earl of, i., 150.
Diamor, i., 248 ; ii., 316.
Diarmaid, King, i., 25.
Dickenson, Charles, Bishop of Meath,

family, ii., 178 ; letter to his sister,

ii., 179; appointment to Meath ii.,

179; obituary notice, ii., 180 ;

supports the National Board, ii.,

187 ; episcopate, ii., 272.
Dickenson, Hercules H., ii., 238.
Dillon, Sir Henry, i., in.
Dillon, James, i., 107.
Dillon, Sir John, ii., 248, 268.
Dillon, Robert, Lord of Dunsany, i., 107.
Dillon, Friar Thomas, i., 102.
Dirpatrick, ii., 310.
Disertaly, i., 249, 319.
Disert Columkill, i., "154.
Disert Keiran, see Tristelkeiran.
Disestablishment, ii., 193, 197, 200, 202.
Disraeli, Benjamin, ii., 197.
Dixon, Christopher, ii., 47.
Dod, Roger, Bishop of Meath, i., 221 ;

ii., 271.

Dodwell, Henry, ii., 256.
Dominicans, i., m, 328.
Donaghmore (Navan), round tower, i.,
40; lands, i., 54; tithes, i., 26:;

clergy, ii., 313.

Donaghmore (Ratoath), i., 265 ; ii.,

3i, 302.

Donaghpatrick, founded by St. Pat-
rick, i., 7, 9 ; plundered, i., 52 ;
church, i., 243 ; ii., 154; rector, ii.,
131; glebe, ii., 152, 153; new
church, ii., 248 ; plate, ii., 267 ;
clergy, ii., 292.

Donore, ii., 295.

Dopping, Anthony, Bishop of Meath,
translation, i., 306 ; sermons,
i., 307 ; on loyalty, i., 309 ;
another sermon on the same text,
i., 311 ; letter to a dissenting
minister, i., 314 ; supports Protestan-
tism in Parliament, i., 318 ; im-
prisons a schoolmaster, i., 319 ;
administers the Diocese of Dublin,
i., 321 ; resists repeal of the Act of
Settlement, i., 322, 331 ; obtains
safeguards in searches for arms, i.,
324 ; protests against conduct of
General Rosen, i., 324 ; accused of
inconsistency, i., 334; sermon after
the Battle "of the Boyne, ii., i ;
reasons with Bishop Otway, ii., 2 ;
Form of Prayer during the War, ii,.
2 ; discountenances reprisals, ii., 3 ;
collection for poor clergy, ii., fj ;
letter from the Bishop of London, ii.,
5 ; from Lord Cavan, ii., 6, 7 ; from
Lord Drogheda, ii., 8 ; proposed for
Archbishopric of Dublin, ii., 10 ;
visitation return, ii., 12 ; helps in
publication of Irish Bible, ii., 21 ;
compiles service for receiving lapsed
Protestants, i., 21 ; his later years,
ii., 23 ; comparison with Archbishop
King, ii., 23 : presentation from
his parishioners, ii., 24 ; presents
chalice and paten to Trim, ii., 261 ;
episcopate, ii., 272 ; compiles list of
clergy, ii., 280.

Dopping, Anthony, Rector of Killucan,
ii., 44.

Dowdall, George, Archbishop of Ar-
magh, opposes the English Liturgy,
i., 183 ; discussion with Bishop
Staples, i., 185 ; deprived, i., 188 ;
recalled by Queen Mary, i., 188.

Dowdstown, ii., 298.

Downes, Henry, Bishop of Meath, ii.,
33, 34, 66, 272.

Dowse, Richard, Dean of Clonmac-
noise, ii., 246.

Dowth, i., 66 ; ii., 294.

Drakestown, ii., 267, 287.

Draper, Robert, Bishop of Kilmore, i.,
214, 224.

Drogheda, St. Mary's Church, i., 169,
237, 244; ii., 154; priories of St.
John and St. James, i., 104 ; Car-
melite monastery, i., 107 ; income
of parish, i., 121 ; synod held at, i.,
135; Capuchins, i., "259 ; proclama-

348

INDEX

tion at, i., 261 ; besieged by the
rebels, i., 282 ; by Cromwell, i., 292,
305 ; church services, ii., 42 ; glebe,
ii., 153; plate, ii., 266; clergy, ii.,

294-
Drogheda. Lord, letters to Bishop

Dopping, ii., 8, 9.
Dromore, diocese of. i., 135.
Drumconrath, i., 245 ; ii.. 291.
Drumcree, Wesley at, ii., 81 ; increase

in the number of communicants, ii.,

87 ; church, ii., 154 ; plate, ii., 266 ;

clergy, ii., 319.
Drumcullen, i., 44. 329.
Drumlargan, i., 265 ; ii., 302.
Drumraney, i., 245 ; ii., 153, 154, 332.
Dubilton, 'John de, L, 87.
DuddeJl. Richard, i., 320 ; ii., 259.
Duigenan, Dr., Chancellor of Meath,

ii., 149.

Dulane, i. t 12, 51, 66.

Duleek, founded by St. Kenan, i., 13 ;
attacked by Danes, i., 50, 51 ;
priory, i., 94 ; abbey church, i., 169 ;
iL. 154; prior, i., 189; rural
deanery, i., 121. 243 ; parish, ii., 8,
13; plate, ii., 41, 268; services, ii.
42 ; clergy, ii., 293.

Dunboyne, boy rector, i., 126 ; burned
by Silken Thomas, i., 163 ; Bishop
Brady buried at, i., 202 ; garrison,
i., 212; tithes, i., 265; murder of
parish clerk, ii., 107 ; soldiery at, ii.,
1 08 ; glebe house, ii.. 140, 152, 153 ;
plate, ii., 266 ; clergy, ii.. 306.

Dunboyne, Lord, ii.. 79.

Dungon's Hill, i., 289.

Dunne, Captain Charles, ii., 247.

Dunne, Robert Hedges, ii., 183.

Dunmoe, i., 211.

Dunsany, i., 244 ; ii., 300.

Dunsany, Lord, ii., 199.

Dunshaughlin, founded by St. Sech-
nall, i., 10; bishopric of, i., 53, 61 ;
rural deanery, i., 75 ; skirmish at
i., 163 ; tithes, i., 264 ; stocks, ii.,
58 ; church, ii., 154 ; plate ii., 263 ;
clergy, iL. 304.

Durrow, founded by St. Columba, L,
32 ; incumbent of, i., 247 ; parish,
ii., 48 ; glebe, ii., 153; new church,
ii., 226, 248 ; plate, ii., 357 ; clergy,
"., 330.

Durrow, Book of, i., 37; crozier of. i., 41 .

Dysart. i.. 246. 335.

E.

Eathmadh O'Miadhchain, Bishop of

Clonard, i., 61.

Ecclesiastical Commissioners, ii., 175.
Edge worth, Maria, ii., 182.
Education, ii., 42, 143 ; Board of, ii.,

235-

Edward I., i., 124.

Edwards, Dr. Jonathan. L, 298. 300.

Effernock, ii., 50.

Eglish, ii.. 257. 329.

Election of bishops, ii., 219, 229.

Election to conference of laymen, ii.,
203 ; to General Convention, ii., 203.

Eleutherius, Bishop of Clonard. i., 61 ;
ii., 269.

Elizabeth. Queen, i.. 290.

Ellis. Welbore, Bishop of Meath,
translated from Kildare, ii., 35 ;
state of the diocese, ii.. 35 ; funeral,
" 35 ' episcopate, ii., 272.

Emancipation, Catholic, ii., 165.

Emigration, ii., 181, 251.

Emlagh, i., 249 ; iL, 284.

English clergymen preferred to Irish,
i., 73 ; retaliation, i., 74.

English Liturgy, ordered, i.. 183 ;
opposed by the Archbishop of
Armagh, i., 183 ; discussion between
the Primate and the Bishop of
Meath, i.. 185 ; restored by Queen
Elizabeth, i.. 191.

Enniscoffy. ii., 263, 326.

Enniskeen. church, ii., 38. 154; dis-
senting minister at, ii., 142 ; parish
clerk, ii., 146 ; Presbyterian meeting
house, ii., 174 ; plate, ii., 262 ;
clergy, ii., 286.

Ere of Slane, i.. 7, 14-

Etchen of Killucan, i., 31.

Eugene, first Bishop of Meath, i., 62,
73 ; ii., 269.

Evans, John, Bishop of Meath. trans-
lated from Bangor. ii., 33 ; bequest,
ii.. 33 ; death, ii., 33 ; controversy
with Dean Swift, ii.. 272.

Everdon, Thomas de, i., 139.

Evreaux, Benedictine abbey, i.. 105.

Excommunication, i., 86, 88, 128;
ii., 17, 149. 156.

F.

Faelgus, i., 21.

Pagan. Luke, Roman Catholic Bishop

of Meath, ii., 32, 75.
Faghalstown, ii., 317.
Faghly, ii.. 317.

Falkiner, W. F., i.. 91 ; 11., 267.
Fechin of Fore. L, 44.
Feogy, Thomas, i., 144.
Fennor, i., 121 ; ii., 288.
Ferbane. ii., 81.
Fercall, i., 217.
Fiacc, hymn of, i., 13.
Finances of Meath, ii.. 210, 249.
Finian of Clonard, i., 18.
Fintina of Clonguffin, i., 48.
Fitzgerald, William. Bishop of Clon-

fert, ii., 25.
Fitzherbert. Mrs., ii., 122.

INDEX

349

Fitzsymmonds, William, i., 250.

Fitzwilliam, Lord, ii., 123.

Fleming, Christopher. Baron of Slane,
i., 112.

Flemyng, John, i., 126.

Foirtchernn, i., 2, 18.

Follistown, ii., 314.

Fore, foundation of, i., 44 ; bishopric,
i., 53 ; Benedictine abbey, i., 104 ;
romantic story, i., 105 ; rural
deanery, i., 243 ; tithes, i., 265 ;
clergy, ii., 317.

Forgney, i., 3, 15; ii., 154, 264, 332.

Foundlings, ii., 59.

Fowler, Robert, ii., 215, 242.

Foyran, i., 122 ; 247, 318.

Franciscans, i., in, 328.

Frankfort, Carmelite monastery, i.,
no; Wesley at, ii., 81 ; see Kil-
cormack.

Free Churchyard, i., 75, 98.

Fulburn, Walter de, Bishop of Water-
ford, i., 88, 89.

Furness Abbey, i., 106.

G.

Gallaher, Edmund, Bishop of Derry,
i., 208.

Gallen, i., 120, 249 ; ii., 154, 339-

Gallow, i., 265 ; ii., 302.

Galtrim, prebend of, i., 80 ; income
of parish, i., 123; non-resident
rector, i., 124; advowson, i., 135;
incumbent, i., 197 ; ii., 13 ; vicarage,
i. t 215; rebels at, i., 275; chalice,
ii., 41 ; parish clerk, ii., 107; vicar
and curate, ii., 137; glebe, ii., 153 ;
plate, ii., 260; clergy, ii., 310.

Galtrim, Hugh of, i., 136.

Gamble, Richard, ii., 245.

Garnett, Mr., curate of Clongill, ii.,
187.

Garvey, John, Archbishop of Armagh,
i., 192, 201, 202.

Gaulstown Church, ii., 29.

Gelasius, Bishop of Clogher, i., 131.

Geneville, Geoffrey de, i., in.

George IV., ii., 122.

Gerrard, Thomas, i., 7 ; ii., 206, 248,
267, 292.

Geravan, Flan, Bishop of Clonmac-
noise, i., 157.

Gernonstown, ii., 290.

Giraldus Cambrensis, i., 37, 56.

Girley, i., 27, 243 ; ii., 311.

Gladstone, W. E., ii., 194, 197.

Glass, ancient stained, i., 107.

Glebe houses, bill for building, ii., 44 ;
Nobber, Navan, ii., 47 ; built by
Bishop O'Beirne, ii., 140, 149, 152,

153, 174-

Goldsmith, Charles, ii., 98.
Goldsmith, Henry, ii., 84, 103.

Goldsmith, Oliver, his connection with
Meath, ii., 51 ; description of parson,
ii., 52 ; preaching, ii., 53 ; parish-
ioners, ii., 55 ; his mother, ii. 98.

Gospel, Fort of the, at Clonmacnoise,

i-. 57-

Gown, preaching, ii., 189.
Grangegeeth, ii., 288.
Greenoge, i., 265 ; ii., 303.
Gregge, John, i., 249.
Gregg, Robert, Archbishop of Armagh,

ii., 214.
Grendon, ii., 1 13.

H.

Hadsor, William, Bishop of Meath, i.,
149 ; ii., 270.

Hampton, Archbishop, i., 231.

Hamilton, Mr., curate of Wherry, ii.,
138.

Handcock, Hon. Robert, ii., 215, 244.

Handcock, William, ii., 171.

Hannon, Peter, ii., 99.

Harris, John, ii., 97.

Harvey, Alfred T., ii., 201, 243.

Henry II., i., 63 ; III., i., 83 ; IV., i.,
97, 148 ; VII., i., 152.

Henry VIII. claims to be head of the
Church, i., 90, 157; divorce, i., 161,
165 ; assumes the title of King of
Ireland, i., 166 ; dissolves the
monasteries, i., 167 ; censures
Bishop Staples, i., 182.

Hilda, i., 48.

Hopkins, Francis, ii., 246.

Hosee, Walter, i., 136.

Hospitals, i., 103, 113.

Howe, Lord, ii., 113.

Hugh, Cardinal, Archdeacon of Meath,

i-, 137-

Hugh, Lord of Teffia, i., 56.
Humphrey, James, i., 175.

I.

Images, i., 177, 179 ; miraculous, i.,

94. 95- 97-
Impar, i., 249.
Impropriate parishes, i., 169, 197, 199,

217, 263, 265 ; ii., 15, 30, 31.
Income of bishop, ii., 224.
Incumbents not in Holy Orders, i., 249.
Indulgences, i., 145.
Inge, Hugh, Bishop of Meath, i., 153 ;

ii., 271.

Ingham, Mr., curate of Tara, ii., 138.
Innismot, ii., 175, 291.
Interdict, i., 128.
Irish Church Act, ii., 200, 202.
Irish language, ii., 19.
Irish Liturgy, i., 184, ii., 77.

350

INDEX

Irishmen, exclusion from church
livings, i., 73 ; from abbeys, i., 94,
114 ; from towns of the Pale, i., 97.

J-

James I., reign of, i., 221 ; Bishops of
Meath in his reign, i.. 221 ; appoints
Anthony Martin, i., 240 ; condition
of clergy under, i., 250.

James II., accession, i., 317 ; treatment
of Protestants, i., 318, 321 ; ii.. 12;
Parliament in Dublin, i., 322;
appointments to parishes in Meath, i.
328.

James of Spain, i., 80.

Jansenists, ii., 32.

Jellett, Henry, Dean of St. Patrick's,
ii., 220.

Jerusalem, Knights of St. John of, i,
103.

Jesuits, i., 206, 213, 236, 237, 259.

Joly, Dr., ii., 245.

John, Bishop of Ferns, elect of Meath,
i., 84.

John, King, i., 82, 105, 112.

Jones, Ambrose, i., 258, 299, 301.

Jones, Henry, Bishop of Meath, i., 305 ;
ii., 271.

Jones, Colonel Michael, i., 289, 306.

Jones, Sir Roger, i., 246.

Jones, Thomas, Bishop of Meath,
appointed, i., 202 ; his preaching,
i.. 203 ; advocates severity against
Romanists, i., 203 ; his episcopate,
i., 204 ; ii., 271 ; censured by Queen
Elizabeth, i., 205 ; his defence, i.
206 ; writings against the Earl of
Tyrone, i., 210 ; certificate of Meath,
i., 214 ; translated to Dublin, i., 218 ;
his alienation of church property, i.,
1 59, 224, 241 ; rector of Trim, i., 230.

Jorse, Roland, Archbishop of Armagh,

i.. 131-

Julianstown, income of parish, i., 121;
incumbent, ii., 8; glebe, ii., 153;
plate, ii., 267 ; clergy, ii., 295.

K.

Kearns, rebel leader, ii., 107.

Keating, John, i., 326.

Keating, Thomas, i., 228.

Keene, James Bennett, Bishop of
Meath, ii., 238, 240, 273.

Keiran of Clonmacnoise, i., 23 ; gapped
bell of, i., 56.

Kells, founded by Columba, i., 32, 33 ;
book of, i., 37, 54; crosses, i., 40;
round tower, i., 40 ; metal work, i.,
40 ; crozier, i., 41 ; plundered, i.,
52, 66, 21 1 ; burnt, i., 66 ; bishopric
of, i., 53, 61, 82; synod of, i., 59;

archdeacon of, i.. 61, 87. 124, 130,

163. 164, 182, 257; ii., 46, 279;

rural deanery, i., 75, 243 ; Augus-

tinian monastery, i., 96 ; Trinitarian

priory, i., 104 ; income of parish, i.,

123; ii.. 45; excommunication at.

i.. 130 ; clergy, i., 191, 192 ; ii., 282 ;

garrison, i., 210; rectory, i., 214;

curate, i., 247 ; taken by the rebels

in 1641, i., 273; curate murdered.

i., 273; synod of (1642), i., 283 ;

church, ii., 14, 154 ; chancel, ii., 37 ;

church furniture, ii., 39 ; services, ii ,

41 ; catechizing, ii., 42 ; regulations

about pews, ii.. 58 ; whip-beggar.

ii., 59 ; temperance society, ii., 61 ;

rector, ii., 131 ; choral festival, ii.,

258.

Kenan of Duleek, i., 13.
Kenley, John de. Archdeacon of Meath,

i., 130.
Kentstown, rector of, i., 197. 215, 246 ;

income of parish, i., 121 ; church, ii.,

14, 154; glebe, ii., 153; anti-tithe

agitation at, ii., 169 ; plate, ii., 266 ;

clergy, ii., 297.
Kerdin, Christopher, i., 229.
Kilallon, contested appointment, i...

139; rector, i., 216, 250; castle, i.,

289 ; church, ii., 39 ; glebe, ii., 153 ;

plate, ii., 264, 268 ; clergy, ii., 324.
Kilbeg, i., 265 ; ii., 284.
Kilbeggan, Cistercian monastery, i.,

93 ; rector, i., 125 ; curate robbed,

i., 275 ; tragedy at, i., 276 ; church

seized, i., 326 ; skirmish at, ii., 107 ;

glebe, ii., 153; church, ii., 154;

plate, ii., 263, 268 ; clergy, ii., 327.
Kilberry, i., 191, 244 ; ii., 14, 43, 292.
Kilbixey, founded by Bigseach, i., 48 ;

Abbey of Tristernach, i., 74; Glebe,

ii., 153; plate; ii., 267; clergy, ii.,

336.

Kilbrady, ii., 154.
Kilbrew, rector, i., 215, 246; attacked

by rebels, ii., 107 ; glebe, ii., 153 ;

church, 154 ; plate, ii., 261 ; clergy,

H-, 303.

Kilbride-Castlecor, i., 228 ; ii., 316.
Kilbride Pilate, i.. 122; ii., 153, 154.
Kilbride Veston, i., 122.
Kilcarn, i., 121 ; ii., 289.
Kilcleagh, incumbent, i., 248 ; tithes,

i., 265 ; glebe, i.. 265 ; ii., 48, 153 ;

clergy, ii., 337 ; see Moate.
Kilclone, i., 265 ; ii., 301.
Kilcormack, Carmelite friary, i., no;

tithes, ii., 31 ; see Frankford and

Ballyboy.

Kildalkey, i., 15, 54, 145, 148 ; ii., 311.
Kildare, i., 37, 48.
Kildare, Earl of, i., 152, 161. 162.
Kildare Place Society, ii.. 175.
Kilgluin, i., 3.
Kilkenny, synod of, i., 248.

INDEX

351

Kilkenny West, monastery of Cross-
bearers, i., 102 ; church seized, i.,
238; glebe, ii., 152, 153; Methodist
chapel, ii., 174; plate, ii., 267;
clergy, ii., 333.

Killagally, i., 120, 265.

Killary or Killavy, i., 197, 216, 228,
246 ; ii., 291.

Killeagh, ii., 153, 154, 316.

Killeen, i., 150, 216; ii., 300.

Killegland, i., 265 ; ii., 302.

Killochonnigan, incumbent, i., 250 ;
church, ii., 39, 154 ; income of parish,
ii., 45 ; glebe, ii., 153 ; plate, 277 ;
clergy, ii., 312.

Killoughey, glebe, i., 265 ; ii., 153 ;
church, ii., 154; endowment, ii.,
246 ; clergy, ii., 329.

Killua, ii., 325.

Killucan, St. Etchen of, i., 31 ; rector,
i., 140, 216, 233 ; church, i., 243 ; ii.,
13, 154; glebe, ii., 141, 153;
plate, ii., 258 ; clergy, ii., 321.

Killulagh, i., 122 ; ii.. 319.

Killyon, ii., 320.

Kilmacnevin, ii., 336.

Kilmainhambeg or Kilbeg, i., 104.

Kilmainhan Wood, i., 104 ; ii., 45, 154,
285-

Kilmessan, i., 197 ; ii., 299.

Kilmoon, income of parish, i., 121 ;
church, ii., 154; plate, ii., 261;
clergy, ii., 303.

Kilmore, diocese, i., 131, 224, 229.

Kilmore, parish, i., 215 ; tithes, i., 264 ;
attacked by rebels, ii., 107 ; glebe,
ii., 153 ; clergy, ii., 306.

Kilnegarenagh, i., 265 ; ii., 266, 330.

Kilpatrick (Meath), see Castletown Kil-
patrick.

Kilpatrick (Westmeath), i., 9 ; ii., 318.

Kilsharvan, ii., 296.

Kilshine, no curate in 1622, i., 249 ;
tithes, i., 265 ; tablet in church, ii.,
150 ; glebe, ii., 153 ; church, ii., 154 ;
plate, ii., 266 ; clergy, ii., 293.

Kilskyre, foundation, i., 48 ; plundered,
i., 52, 66 ; rectory, i., 216 ; church,
i., 243 ; rector, i., 248, 250 ; Holy
Communion, ii., 42 ; clergy, ii.,
285.

Kiltale, ii., 300.

Kimmis, Mr., incumbent of Ballyboy,
ii., 136.

King, his part in election of bishops,
i., 79, 80.

King, Archbishop, imprisoned, i., 333 ;
his opinion of Bishop Fitzgerald, ii,
25 ; letter about the Diocese of
Meath, ii., 26 ; his opinion of Bishop
Evans, ii., 33 ; on penal laws, ii.
68 ; on the writing of a history of
Ireland, ii., 99.

Kingscourt Methodist Chapel, ii., 174 ;
see Enniskeen.

Kinnegad, taken by Sir Charles Coote,
i., 293 ; curate, ii., 141 ; clergy, ii.,
321.

Kirwan, Dean, ii., 156.

Knock, i., 247 ; ii., 287.

Knockcommon, ii., 289.

Knockmark, tithes, i., 265 ; plate, ii.,
40, 251 ; parish registers burnt, ii.,
107; glebe, ii., 153; church, ii.,
154 ; clergy, ii., 312.

L.

Lacken, ii., 335.

Laisren of Durrow, i., 33.

Lambert, Ralph, Bishop of Meath, ii.,

34, 272.
Lancaster, Thomas, Archdeacon of

Kells, i., 164.

Land League, ii., 226, 243.
Landulph, Cardinal, i., 138.
Langford, Sir Arthur, i., 314; Sir

Hercules, i., 313.

Lapsed Protestants, Service for Re-
ceiving, ii., 21.
Laracor, tithes, i., 264 ; vicar, i., 313 ;

no carpet or surplice, ii., 40 ; services,

ii., 41 ; curate, ii., 44 ; glebe, ii.

153 ; Presbyterian meeting house,

ii., 174 ; plate, ii., 260 ; clergy, 309.
Laude Dei, priory of, i., 94.
Law, John, appointed to the bishopric

of Meath, ii., 31.
Lean, James, imprisoned by Bishop

Dopping, i., 319.
Leary, King, i., 6.
Leckno, see Piercetown Landy.
Lee, Archdeacon, ii., 208.
Lemanaghan, boy rector, i., 126 ; tithes,

i., 264 ; clergy, ii., 328.
Leney, no curate in 1622, i., 249 ;

church, ii., 39, 154; plate, ii., 41,

266; glebe, ii., 153 ; clergy, ii., 334.
Leslie, Henry, Bishop of Meath, i., 304 ;

ii., 271.

Leodgarvick, i., 249.
Lever, John and Charles, ii., 183.
Lewis, Cardinal, i., 138.
Lewis, George, Archdeacon of Meath,

ii., 259.

Lickbla, ii., 318.
Lightburne, Stafford, ii., 44, 63, 98,

262.

Limerick, articles of, ii., 69.
Liscartan, ii., 314.

Lismore, book of, i., 20 ; see of, i., 45.
Lismullen, i., 103, 122 ; ii., 298.
Llanthony, i., 94.
Lockwood, Thomas, Archdeacon of

Kells, i., 164.
Loftus, Adam, Archbishop of Armagh,

i., 190 ; Dean of St. Patrick's, i.
195 ; Archbishop of Dublin, i., 196.
Lomman, i., 2, 15.

352

INDEX

Longworth. Edward Dames, ii., 245.
Lorica. of St. Patrick, i., 7 ; of St.

Columkill, i., 34.
Loughan, i.. 40 ; ii., 284.
Loughbraccan, i., 246; ii., 291.
Loughcrcw, vicar, i., 250 ; glebe, ii.,

140; parish clerk, ii., 146; plate, i.,

320; ii.. 259; clergy, ii., 315.
Loughsuedy, rector, i., 125, 189. 141 ;

rural deanery, i., 243 ; parish, i.,

249 ; see Ballymore.
Loundres, William de, i., 106.
Luttrell, Robert, i., 191.
Lynally, founded by St. Colman. i., 45 ;

glebe, i., 265 ; church seized, i., 325 ;

new church, ii., 248 ; plate, ii., 267 ;

clergy, ii., 331.
Lynn, i., 122, 325.

M.

MacCoghlan, erenach of Clonmacnoise,
i.. 156.

MacCoughlan, Corraac, Bishop of Clon-
macnoise, i., 156.

Macetown, ii., 303.

MacGillevider, Eugene, Archbishop of
Armagh, i., 82.

MacMollisa, Nicholas, Archbishop of
Armagh, i., 131, 132.

Magluay, Donald, i., 140.

Maguire, J. F. ii., 194.

Malachy of Armagh, i., 58, 70, 92.

Marisius, Geoffrey de, i., 83.

Malone, William, i., 232.

Marsh, Francis, Archbishop of Dublin,
ii., 10.

Marsh, Narcissus, Archbishop of Cashel
(afterwards of Dublin), ii., 25.

Martin, Anthony, Bishop of Meath, i.,
240, 258, 304 ; attacked by rebels,
i., 277 ; imprisoned, i., 286 ; death,
i., 294 ; episcopate, ii., 271.

Martry, i., 124 ; ii., 314.

Mary, Queen, deprives Bishop Staples,
i., 1 88 ; appoints Bishop Walsh, i.,
189 ; opposes papal provision, i., 189.

Mary's Abbey, Dublin, i., 73.

Mascal, Robert, i., 148.

Massacre of Protestants in 1641, i., 270.

Maule, Henry, Bishop of Meath, on
schools, ii., 78 ; translated from
Dromore, ii., 94 ; charter schools,
ii., 94 ; settlement at Ardbraccan,
ii., 95 ; visitation, ii., 96, 99 ;
restores tomb of Bishop Montgomery,
ii., 99 ; proposes to write a history
of Ireland, ii., 09 ; presents plate to
Ardbraccan, ii., 265 ; episcopate, ii.,
272.

Maurice, Abbot of Kells, i., 130.

Maxwell, Henry, Bishop of Meath,
translated from Dromore, ii., 102 ;
visitation, ii., 103 ; presents plate

to Ardbraccan, ii., 265 ; and to

Nobbcr, ii., 267 ; episcopate, ii., 272.
Maxwell. Henry, incumbent of Wherry.

ii., 138.

Maxwell, Mr., ii., 138.
Mayne, glebe, i.. 245; ii., 153;

incumbent, i.. 248 ; church, ii., 154 ;

plate, ii., 255 ; clergy, 317.
Maynooth College, i., 153; ii.. 125.
Meath, Diocese of. dates from the synod

of Kells, i., 61 ; ii., 269 ; revenues,

i., 241 ; suffered from soldiery, ii., 3 ;

returns for 1807 and 1820, ii., 151 ;

population, ii., 174; proposed

suppression, ii., 196 ; precedence, ii.,

231-

Meath, Kingdom of, i., I.
Meindartt, John, Jansenist Archbishop

of Utrecht, ii., 32.
Mellifont, i., 58, 92, 122.
Mendicant Orders, i.. 117.
Menevia, i., 18.
Metal work, i., 40.
Metcalfe, William, vicar of Sydaar, i.,

274.

Methodism, ii., 81.
Mexico, reformation movement in, ii.,

223.

Minchin, Dr., ii., 41.
Ministers appointed under the Common-
wealth, i., 295, 299, 308.
Minors appointed to livings, i., 126.
Missions, contributions to, ii., 250.
Mitchelstown, ii., 292.
Mitre, ii., 36.
Moate, church, i., 243; ii., 48, 154;

Wesley at, ii., 81 ; glebe, ii., 153 ;

Quaker meeting house, ii., 174 ; see

Kilcleagh.

Molloy, Hugh or Odp, i., no.
Monasteries, Celtic, i., 18 ; destroyed

by the English, i., 72 ; Anglo-

Norman, i., 92, 113 ; dissolution of,

i., 115, 166, 172, 173; its effect on

the church in Meath, i., 167 ; sales

of property, i., 169.
Monknewtown, ii., 228.
Monktown, ii., 44, 298.
Montgomery, George, Bishop of Meath,

i., 221 ; report, i.. 227; tomb, ii.,

99; episcopate, ii., 271.
Money, value of, i., 119.
Moorchurch, i., 121 ; ii., 8, 206.
Moreton, William, Bishop of Meath, ii.,

3i, 272.

Morgallion, i., 95, 212.
Morgan bequest, ii., 236.
Mornington, ii., 295.
Moyagher, ii., 311.
Moydrum, episcopal property in, i.,

241 ; new church, ii., 226, 247.
Moyglare, vicar of, i., 250 ; tithes, ii.,

31 ; incumbent and curate, ii.. 139 ;

school, ii., 144 ; parish clerk, ii., 146 ;

glebe, ii., 153 ; clergy, ii., 300.

INDEX

353

Moyliscar, income of parish, i., 122 ;
glebe, ii., 153 ; new church, ii., 226,
247 ; plate, ii., 263 ; clergy, ii., 325.

Moylough, i., 245 ; ii., 315.

Moymett, no curate in 1622, i., 249 ;
tithes, i., 265 ; school, ii., 143 ; glebe,
ii., 153 ; parish suspended, ii., 175 ;
clergy, ii., 308.

Moynalty, union of , i., 104; troops led
by the Bishop of Meath at, i., 202 ;
rectory, i., 216 ; church, i., 243 ; ii.,
14, 38; curate, i., 247; catechizing,
ii., 43 ; skirmish at, ii., 107 ; plate,
ii., 262 ; clergy, ii., 283.

Moyvore, i., 125.

Mountain, Robert, Bishop of Meath, i.,
148 ; ii., 270.

Mullingar, Augustinian monastery, i.,
95 ; Trinitarian priory, i., 104;
Dominican monastery, i., in; in-
come of parish, i., 122 ; rectory, i.,
217 ; abbey near, i., 238 ; rural
deanery, i., 243 ; incumbent, i., 248 ;
Capuchins at, i., 259 ; vicar robbed,
i., 275 ; town burned, i., 289 ; state
of parish, ii., 13 ; church, ii., 37, 154,
163 ; services, ii., 41 ; Wesley at,
ii., 81, 83 ; glebe, ii., 153 ; confirma-
tion at, ii., 163 ; Presbyterian and
Methodist Chapels, ii., 174 ; synod,
ii., 203, 209 ; plate, ii., 266 ; clergy,
ii., 321.

Mulloy, Coote Charles, ii., 184.

Multifarnham, Franciscan abbey, i., 112,
206 ; income of parish, i., 122 ;
rectory, i., 217 ; incumbent, i., 229,
246 ; abbey rebuilt, i., 237, 238, 269 ;
clergy, ii., 335.

Munis of Forgney, i., 15.

Murtough O'Maolidhir, Bishop of Clon-
macnoise, i., 62.

N.

Nangle, see Angulo.

Nany, see Julianstown.

Naper, J. L., ii., 245.

National Education, Board of, ii., 175,
186, 187.

Navan, abbey of, i., 95 ; district wasted;
i., 211,212; church, i., 244 ; ii., 154,
tithes, i., 265 ; troubles in 1641, i.,
272, 273 ; appointment of Crom-
wellian preachers, i., 297 ; Mass
house used for service, ii., 14 ; glebe
ii., 47 ; stocks, ii., 58 ; opposition
to R. C. bishop, ii., 77 ; rector, ii.,
131 ; school, ii., 143, 235 ; diocesan
conference at, ii., 199 ; synod, ii.,
203, 210; clergy, ii., 312.

Nelson, Mr., curate of Tara, ii., 106, 137.

Newtown (Kells), 1.^247 ' " I 53> 2 ^ 2 >
284.

Newtown (Trim), Augustinian abbey,
i- 75 J synod of, i., 75 ; fracas at
abbey, i., 101 ; Hospital of Crutched
Friars, i., 104.

Newtown Fertullagh, rector, i., 246
catechizing, ii., 145 ; glebe, ii., 152,
153 ; plate, ii., 265 ; clergy, ii., 328.

Nicholl, Robert, i., 285.

Nimbus, i., 39.

Nobber, united to the archdeaconry of
Kells, i., 89 ; ii., 46 ; church, i., 243 ;
ii., 39 ; plate, ii., 267 ; clergy, ii.,
288.

Nomination, board of, ii., 206.

Non- jurors, ii., 70.

Non-residence, i., 123, 229; ii., 13, 103,
173; causes of, ii., 17; bills for
enforcing residence, ii., 44, 132 ;
O'Beirne's reforms, ii., 149.

Norman, Philip le, i., 136.

Norsemen, i., 49.

Noughaval, i., 56 ; ii., 322.

Nugent, Garrett, Archdeacon of Meath,
ii., 215, 242.

Nugent, Richard, ii., 184.

O.

O'Beirne, Thomas Lewis, Bishop of
Meath, birth, ii., no ; at St. Omer's
College, ii., in ; joins the Church of
England, ii., 112; ordination, ii.
113, 115; voyage to America, ii,
113; erroneous account given by
some writers, ii., 114 ; literary work,
ii., 116 ; chaplain to Lord Portland,
ii., 117; letter of Bishop Plunkett,
ii., 118 ; sermon on Trafalgar Day,
ii., 119 ; story of his introduction to
the Duke of Portland, ii., 121 ;
marriage, ii., 122 ; Mrs. Fitzherbert,
ii., 122 ; rector of Templemichael, ii.,
123 ; Bishop of Ossory, ii., 123 ;
translated to Meath, ii., 123 ; protest
in favour of the Union, ii., 123 ; on
Maynooth College, ii., 125 ; preach-
ing, ii., 127 ; works, ii., 128 ; queries
sent to his clergy, ii., 130 ; on non-
residence, ii., 131 ; on ecclesiastical
discipline, ii., 133 ; on preaching,
ii., ISS; withdraws from the
Hibernian Bible Society, ii., 160 ;
last confirmation tour, ii., 163 ;
tablet inArdbraccan church, ii., 163;
episcopate, ii., 273.

O'Burne, C., curate of Kinnegad,ii., 141.

O'Carroll, John, Bishop of Meath, i.,
90, 142 ; ii., 269.

O'Carroll, John, rector of Kilallon, i.,
139.

O'Connor, Milo, Archdeacon of Clon-
macnoise, i., 120.

O' Conor, Cathal Dearg, Prince of
Connaught, i., n J.

2 A

354

INDEX

O'Daly, chief poet of Ireland, i., 21.
Odder, i.. 103, 122.
Oengus. lord of Laeghaire, i., 21.
O'Fynnan, Bishop of Clonmacnoise, i.,

93-

Oldcastle taken by Lord Broghill, i,
293 ; Methodism at, ii., 85 ; cathe-
chizing, ii., 145 ; parish clerk, ii.,
146; glebe, ii., 153 ; church, ii., 154 ;
Methodist chapel, ii., 174; clergy,

ii- 3i5-

O'Mayler, John, i., 94.
O'Melaghlin, King of Meath, i., 103.
O'Melaghlin, Cahir, Dean of Clonmac-
noise, i., 1 56.
O'Molone, Dean of Clonmacnoise, i.,

156.

O'Neill, Shane, i., 202.
Onniyl, John, i., 126.
O'Reilly, Hugh, R. C. Archbishop of

Armagh, i., 283.

O'Reilly, Philip, attacks Meath, i., 210.
Organ, ii., 14.

O'Rorke, Tiernan, i., 64, 69.
Ormond, Duke of, i., 292, 304, 317.
Ota, Danish queen, i., 50.
O'Toole, Laurence, i., 71.
Otway, non- juror Bishop of Ossory,

ii., 2.
Ould, Mr., incumbent of Rathconrath,

ii., 136.
Ouldhall, William, Bishop of Meath,

i., 150 ; ii., 270.
Owel, Lake, i., 50.

P.

Pakenham, Mr., chaplain to Bishop

O'Beirne, ii., 163.
Pale, the, i., i, 72, 278, 282.
Pall, i., 59.
Papiron, Cardinal, i., 60, 100 ; ii.,

233.

Parker, John, ii., 47.
Parliament, English, i., 280, 286, 291.
Patrick, Saint, preaches in Meath, i.,
2, 4; Lorica, i., 7; founds Donagh-
patrick, i., 7 ; other churches, i., 9 ;
companions of, i., 10 ; Sechnall's
hymn in praise of, i., ii ; revises the
old laws, i., 12 ; escape from cap-
tivity, i., 13 ; " family" of, i., 14.
Patron saints, i., 10.
Paul, William de, Bishop of Meath, i.,

142 ; ii., 270.

Payne, John, Bishop of Meath, supports
Simnel, i., 151 ; contest with the
Earl of Kildare, 152 ; tablet in St.
Patrick's Cathedral, i., 153 ; episco-
pate, ii., 270.

Paynestown, rectory, i., 121, 215 ; ii.,
44 ; non-resident incumbent, i., 229,
246; glebe, ii., 152, 153; plate, ii.,
263 ; clergy, ii., 289.

Peacockc, joseph.,T'crguson, Bishop of

Meath, ii., 238, 273.
Penal laws. i.. 191, 213, 235, 259; ii.,

67.

Penances, i., 76.
Petit, Alexander. Bishop of Meath. i.,

147 ; ii., 270.
Petit. John, i., 96.
Pews, ii., 57.
Pewter vessels, ii., 268.
Philip, Bishop of Clonmacnoise, i., 155.
Piercetown, ii., 344.
Piercetownlandy, i., 121, 265 ; ii., 303.
Pilgrimages, i., 97.
Pilkington, H. M., ii., 206, 209.
Piozzi, Mrs., ii., 127.
Plague, i., 294.
Plate, ii., 40, 255.
Plunket family, i., 112.
Plunket, Baron William Cunningham,

Bishop of Meath, ii., 221, 227. 273.
Plunkett. Alexander, i., 250.
Plunkett, Oliver, i., 250.
Plunkett, Patrick Joseph, Roman
Catholic Bishop of Meath, ii., 77,
105, 112, 117, 118.
Pluralities, i., 123, 171, 248.
Pococke, Richard, Bishop of Meath,
translated from Ossory, ii., ipi;
helps Mervyn Archdall in compiling
the " Monasticon," ii., 101 ; mode
of travelling, ii., 101 ; cedar trees at
Ardbraccan, ii., 102 ; episcopate, ii.,
272.

Pollock, John, ii., 151.
Pope, part in episcopal elections, i., 81 ;

provision, i. 81 ; appeals to, i., 89.
Portland, Duke of, ii., 117, 120.
Portloman, i., 15, 122; ii., 323.
Portnashangan, i., 122 ; ii., 266, 322.
Portugal, reformation movement in,

ii., 223.

Preaching ministers, i., 229, 249.
Prene, John, i., 124.
Preston, Catherine, i., 112.
Preston family, i., 104.
Preston, General, i., 289.
Preston, Mr., Master of Navan School.

ii., 143-
Pretender, the, appoints R. C. bishops,

ii., 70.

Price. Arthur, Bishop of Meath, trans-
lated from Ferns, ii., 92 ; plan for
building see house, ii., 92 ; translated
to Cashel, ii., 93 ; episcopate, ii.. 272.
Price, Richard, i., 250.
Priests, Roman Catholic, i., 236 ; ii., 73.
Primacy, election to, ii., 209.
Privy Council, ii., 273.
Proctors, ii., 97.

Protestant Orphan Society, ii., 181.
Proud, George, Vicar of Trim, i., 326.
Provision, papal, i., 90, 143, 145. 149,

150.
Provisors, statute of, i., 139. 140.

INDEX

355

Psalter of St. Columba, i., 41.
Purdam, Gilbert, i., 229.
Purdon, Richard, i., 250.
Puritans, i., 262, 278, 303.

R.

Rad cliff, Dr., Chancellor of Meath, ii.,

45-
Radcliff, Mr., chaplain to Wilson's

Hospital, ii., 107.
Raddanstown, tithes, i., 265 ; school,

ii., 144 ; plate, ii., 262 ; clergy,

ii., 301.

Rahan, i., 45 ; ii., 153, 330.
Rahugh, assembly at, i., 51 ; Baptist

chapel, ii., 174.
Ralph le Petit, Bishop of Meath, i., 81,

83, 95 ; ii., 269.
Ratane, i., 249, 265 ; ii., 314.
Rathbeggan, vicarage, i., 215 ; glebe,

ii., 153; church, 77, 154; plate, ii.,

263 ; clergy, ii., 305.
Rathconnell, i., 122, 245, 289 ; ii., 153,

323-

Rathconrath, rectory, i., 217 ; incum-
bent, i., 248 ; church seized, i., 326 ;
ntn-residence, ii., 135 ; glebe, ii.,
153; church, ii., 154; plate, ii.,
259 ; clergy, ii., 334-

Rathcore, i., 48 ; church, ii., 39 ; parish
clerk, ii., 146 ; clergy, ii., 308.

Rathfeigh, i., 121, 215, 245 ; ii., 297.

Rathgraffe, ii., 317 ; see Castlepollard.

Rathkenny, ii., 290.

Rathmolyon, church, ii., 14, 39 ; non-
residence, ii., 135 ; glebe, ii., 153 ;
clergy, ii., 314.

Rathmore, i., 216, 247 ; ii., 311.

Rathregan, i., 264 ; ii., 306.

Rathwire, see Killucan.

Ratoath, union of, i., 170 ; garrison i.,
212; vicarage, i., 215; rural
deanery, i., 243 ; tithes, i., 264 ; ii.,
31 ; non-residence, ii., 136 ; glebe,
ii., 153; church, ii., 154; plate, ii.,
260, 268 ; clergy, ii., 302.

Reading Ministers, i., 229, 249.

Rebellion (1641), i., 267, 278, 305 ;
(1798), ii., 104.

Records, accuracy of ancient, i., 23.

Recusants, i., 257.

Reeves, Bishop, account of John
Soreth, i., 109.

Reichel, Charles Parsons, Bishop of
Meath, trains choirs, ii., 201 ; member
of General Convention, ii., 205 ;
proposes system of nomination, ii.,
206 ; on the resignation of Arch-
deacon Lee, ii., 208 ; chosen on
select list at episcopal election, ii.,
220 ; elected Bishop of Meath, ii.
228 ; death, ii., 236 ; episcopate, ii.,
273-

Representative Church Body, ii., 202.

Restoration, the, i., 303.

Restoration of churches, ii., 226.

Revision of the Prayer Book, ii., 208.

Revival, the great, ii., 191.

Revolution, English, ii., i ; French,
ii., 103.

Reynell, William, ii., 281.

Reynolds, Charles, Archdeacon of Kells,
i., 163.

Richard II., i., 147, 155.

Richard of Dundalk, Archbishop of
Armagh, i., 117.

Rinuccini, John Baptist, Papal Nuncio,
i., 287.

Robertstown, i., 265 ; ii., 284.

Rochford, Simon, Bishop of Meath,
appointment, i., 74 ; holds synod at
Newtown, i., 75 ; death, i., 78, 82 ;
candidate for the primacy, i., 81;
removes see from Clonard to New-
town, i., 101 ; effigy of, i., 102 ;
episcopate, ii., 269.

Rochfort, Prime Iron, ii., 29.

Rochfort, Robert, ii., 29.

Roderic O'Connor, King of Ireland, i.,
63, 65, 67.

Rokeby, William, Bishop of Meath, i.,
153 ; ii., 270.

Rosen, General, i., 324.

Round towers, i., 28, 40.

Ruman, i., 21.

Rural Deaneries, formerly bishoprics,
i-> 53. 75 ; visitations, i., 76 ; revival
of, ii., 20; salaries, ii., 241.

Rynagh, i., 249, 265 ; ii., 264, 339
see Banagher.

S.

Saints, Irish, three orders of, i., 19 ;
vindictive character of, i., 56.

Sancto Severo, Walter, i., 124.

Sanctuary, i., 40, 54-

Salerni, Matthew de, i., 124.

Sarsfield, General, i., 325.

Scheme, Financial, ii., 213; supple-
mental, ii., 241.

Schiria of Kilskyre, i., 48.

Schools, ancient Irish, i., 17 ; English,
ii., 19 ; Irish to be suppressed, ii,,
20 ; diocesan, ii., 142 ; parochial,

ii-, 143-
Schoolmasters appointed by Cromwell,

i., 301.

Scripture Readers, ii., 190.
Scurlog, Thomas, Bishop of Meath, i.,

149.

Scurlogstown, ii., 308.
Seal, of the clergy of Meath, i., 91 ; of

Durrow and Trim, i., 96.
Seanchus Mor, i.; 12.
Sechnall of Dunshaughlin, i., 10 ; his

hymn, i., n.

356

INDEX

Sectaries, ii., 159.

See House, i., 242. 245 ; ii., 66, 92,
103, 225.

Services, frequency of, ii., 172.

Settlement, Act of. i., 322, 331.

Shamrock, i.. 6.

Shannon Bridge, ii., 247.

Sharpe, Alexander, i., 250, 274.

Sharpe, John, i., 273.

Shepley. Robert, i., 247.

Sheridan, William, Bishop of Kilmorc,
ii., 2.

Sherwood, William, Bishop of Meath,
i., 150, 165 ; ii., 270.

Shrines, i., 41, 47, 49.

Silk, William. Bishop of Meath, ii., 270.

Sing, George, i., 246.

Singer, Joseph Henderson, Bishop of
Meath, ii., 186, 191, 273.

Singer, Aemelius, ii., 191.

Skryne, shrine of St. Columba, i., 47,
49 ; prebend, i., 80 ; Augustinian
monastery, i., 102 ; non-resident
rector, i., 124; vicarage, i., 215
rural deanery, i., 243 ; tithes, i., 264
intolerance at, i., 285 ; incumbent
ii., 44; glebe, ii., 153; church, ii.
154; new church, ii., 248; plate
ii., 259 ; clergy, ii., 298.

Slane, St. Patrick at, i., 5,7; church
i., 9, 14 ; attacked by Danes, i., 50
bishopric, i., 53 ; wasted, i., 66, 211
rectory, i., 216; rural deanery, i.
75, 243 ; Franciscan abbey, i., 112
Capuchin abbey, i., 237 ; college, i.
245 ; strolling pigs, ii., 60 ; incum-
bent, ii., 131 ; glebe, ii., 153 ; plate,
ii., 268 ; Clergy, ii., 288.

Smith, Moor, ii., 140.

Smith, Zephaniah, i., 296.

Smyth, Arthur, Bishop of Meath, ii.,
102, 272.

Smyth, William, i., 247.

Smyth, William Barlow, ii., 209, 215,
243. 3i8.

Soreth, John, General of the Carmelites,
i., 109.

Southwell, Sir Robert, ii., 26.

Spain, James of, i., 124.

Spain, reformation movement in, ii.,
223.

Sprott, Thomas, i., 138.

Stackallen, rectory, i., 216 ; private
chapel, ii., 14 ; church, ii., 37 ;
catechizing, ii., 43 ; incumbent, ii.,
44; glebe, ii., 153; plate, ii., 263;
clergy, ii., 290.

Stafernan, i., 249.

Staff ordstown, i., 265 ; ii., 297.

Staholmock, i., 264 ; ii., 287.

Stamullen, i., 121, 215 ; ii., 296.

Staples, Edward, Bishop of Meath. i.,
154, 161 ; escapes from Silken
Thomas, i., 163 ; quarrel with Arch-
bishop Brown, i., 174 ; sermon at

Kilmainham. i., 174; unpopularity,
i., 181 ; censured by Henry VI 1 1.,
i., 182; deposed, i., 183, 188;
episcopate, ii., 271.

Stella, ii., 50.

Stevens, John, ii., 256.

St. George, Arthur, ii., 172, 256.

St. George, Dr., ii., 43.

St. George, Henry, ii., 43, 256, 257.

St. Leger, Deputy, i., 184.

St. Leger, Thomas, Bishop of Meath.
i., 87, 116, 124, 130; ii., 269.

St. Leger, William, Bishop of Meath,
i., 142 ; ii., 270.

Stonehall, i., 122 ; ii., 153, 154, 335.

Strafford, Lord Deputy, i., 263. ;

Strongbow, brought to Ireland by King
Dermot, i., 64 ; becomes King of
Leinster, i., 66 ; surrenders his
possessions to Henry II., L, 67.

Strokestown, i., 229.

Stocks, ii., 58.

Stopford, Edward Adderly, Bishop of
Meath, ii., 180, 185, 187, 273.

Stopford. Ed ward Adderly, Archdeacon
of Meath, character, ii., 182 ;
supports the National Board, ii.,
1 88 ; introduces scripture readers,
ii., 190; prayer meetings, ii.,*9i ;
his account of the Diocese of Meath,
ii., 195 ; communication with Mr.
Gladstone, ii., 197 ; resolution at
Diocesan Conference, ii., 199 ;
member of the General Convention,
ii., 205 ; proposes clause in Preamble,
ii., 206 appointed to draw up
Financial Scheme, ii., 215; co-
operates with Lord Plunket. ii., 221 ;
his list of the clergy of Meath, ii.,
281.

Suairleach, i., 21.

Succession, Act of, i., 165.

Suffragan Bishop of Meath, i., 176, 179.

Summerhill, dissent at, i., 313, 319-

Superannuation Fund, ii., 242.

Supremacy, royal, i., 164, 165, 173. 191.

Surplice, ii., 40.

Swayne, John, Archbishop of Armagh,

i- 133-

Sweetman, Richard, i., 101.

Swift, Francis, Dean of Clonmacnoise,
ii., 246, 267.

Swift, Jonathan. Dean of St. Patrick's,
his opinion of Bishop Jones, i., 244 ;
negotiates for remission of first fruits,
ii., 30 ; on Irish episcopal appoint-
ments, ii., 34 services at Laracor,
ii., 41 ; a pluralist, ii., 44 ; oppOMi
bill for building glebe houses, ii., 45 ;
appointment to Laracor, ii., 48 ;
endows the parish, ii., 50 ; " Happy
Life of a Country Parson," ii., 51 ;
" Letter to a Young Clergyman." ii.,
52; on preaching, ii., 53: repaiis
bis church, ii., 57 ; letters to Bishop

INDEX

357

Evans, ii., 62 ; friendliness to Bishop

Downes, ii., 66.
Syddan, in 1641, i., 274; plate, ii.

40, 265 ; new church, ii., 226, 248 ;

clergy, ii., 291.
Sydney, Sir Henry, i., 192, 196; his

description of Meath, i., 198.
Synge, Edward, vicar of Laracor, i.,

3I4-

Synod, i., 79; ii., 96, 203, 209, 219.

T.

Taghmon, income of parish, i., 122 ;

incumbent, i., 247 ; church and

parson, ii., 47 ; glebe, ii., 153 ; plate

ii., 266 ; clergy, ii., 323.
Taghmon, Hugh de, Bishop of Meath,

i., 84, 99, 116, 135 ; ii., 269.
Talbot, Richard, Lord Tyrconnell, i.

3i8.

Tandys of Athboy, ii., 146.
Tara, seat of the monarchy, i., i ;

Patrick at, i., 4 ; Shamrock legend,

i., 6; church, i., 9; ii., 39, 154;

tithes, i., 265 ; meeting of the lords

of the Pale, i., 282 ; battle, ii., 106 ;

curate killed, ii., 137 ; glebe, ii., 153 ;

plate, ii., 266 ; clergy, ii., 298.
Tate, Mr., preacher at Summerhill, i..

3i3-

Tathe, John, i., 140.
Taxation of Meath (1302), i., 119.
Teffia, i., 56, 57.
Teltown, fair of, i., 65, 66 ; clergy, ii.,

293-

Temperance Society, ii., 60.
Templars, Knights, i., 103.
Templekeiran, ii., 298.
Tempi eoran, ii., 335.
Tennison, Richard, Bishop of Meath,

translated from Clogher, ii.,

28 ; bequest, ii., 28 ; death, ii., 31 ;

episcopate, ii., 272.
Thomas, St., Abbey, Dublin, i., 73, 93.
Thomas, Silken, i., 162, 163.
Tighernach O'Broin, Bishop of Clon-

macnoise, i., 62.
Tikehull, Humphrey de, i., 81.
Timoole, ii., 8, 294.
Tirechan, i., 44.
Tisaran, income of vicar, i., 120;

tithes, i., 264; glebe, ii., 153;

church, ii., 154 ; plate, ii., 265 ; clergy,

ii., 338.

Tisdall, John, ii, 245.
Tisdall, Michael, ii., 61.
Tithes, restitution of i., 263 ; non-pay-

ment of, ii., 108 ; proctors, ii., 141 ;

war, ii., 164.
Tola, i.. 21.

Toler, Hon. Otway, ii., 226, 248.
Toomey, Mr., master of Navan School,

ii., 143.

Torrance, G. W., ii., 201.

Tottenham, Mrs., ii., 226, 247.

Townsend, Thomas, Bishop of Meath,
ii., 185, 187, 273.

Tractarian movement, ii., 180, 189.

Trafalgar, Thanksgiving Day, ii., 119.

Trena of Kiklalkey, i., 15.

Trench, Frederick, ii., 191, 199.

Trevet, origin of name, i., 46 ; burned,
i., 51 ; tithes, i., 265 ; vicar and
curate, ii., 139 ; parish clerk, ii., 146 ;
clergy, ii., 306.

Tribunals, ecclesiastical, ii., 209.

Trim, foundation of, i., 2, 9 ; bishopric,
i,. 53 ; rural deanery, i,. 75 ; St.
Mary's Abbey, i., 97 ; miraculous
image, i., 97, 98, 177, 180; Dominican
friary, i., in ; Franciscan monas-
tery, i., 112 ; Richard of
Dundalk preaches at, i., 117; in-,
come of parish, i., 123 : synod of the
Irish clergy, i., 132 ; Silken Thomas
at, i., 163 ; church, i., 169 ; ii., 14,
154; assizes, i., 176; boy rector,
i., 183 ; preaching against the
English Liturgy, i., 190 ; impropria-
tions, i., 197 ; garrison, i., 212 ;
rectory, i., 214 ; proposal to estab-
lish university at, i., 225 ; united to
see, i., 230 ; Diocesan school, i., 230;
ii., 142 ; rural deanery, i., 243 ,
glebe, i., 244 ; visitation at, i.,
249 ; taken by the rebels in 1641, i..
273 ; battle at, i., 289 ; Cromwell at,
i., 293 ; extraordinary story of
church wreckers, i., 326 ; endowment
of parish, ii., 29 ; church services,
ii., 41 ; plate, ii., 261 ; clergy, ii.,

307-

Trinitarians, i., 103.

Trinity parish, New York, ii., 113.

Tristelkeiran, crosses of, i., 40 ; plun-
dered, i., 52, 66.

Tristernach, i., 74, 98.

Trubly, i., 127 ; ii., 300.

Tuathal, Bishop of Clonard, i.,
21.

Tuathal, King of Ireland, i., i.

Tullaghangarvey, i., 56 .

Tullaghanoge, i., 249 ; ii., 308.

Tullamore, chapel of ease to Durrow
ii., 48 ; visit of Wesley, ii., 81
glebe, ii., 152, 153 ; church, ii., 154
Quaker meeting house, ii.. 174
Methodist chapel, ii., 174; endow-
ment, ii., 246; clergy, ii., 331.

Turgesius, i., 50.

Tyfarnham, ii., 323.

Tyrone, Earl of, his rebellion, i.,
209.

Tyrrell, Patrick, R.C. Bishop of Meath,
"i., 328 ; ii., 75.

Tyrrelspass, Wesley at, ii., 56, 81, 83 ;
Methodist chapel ; ii., 174 ; see
Clonfadforan.

358

INDEX

U.

Ultan of Ardbraccan, i., 44.

Uniformity. Act of, i.. 191 ; ii., 19.

Union, Act of, ii., 123, 125.

Union of parishes, i., 170, 274; ii., 16,
is, 44. 215.

United Irishmen, ii., 104.

University, proposal to establish at
St. Patrick's, Dublin, i., 194; at
Trim, i., 225 ; founded in Dublin, i.,
226.

Urban VIII.. Pope. Bull of, i., 258.

Ussher, Archbishop, i., 19 ; appointed
Bishop of Meath, i., 221, 230;
" Answer to a Jesuit," i.. 232 ;
correspondence with Rev. John
Carter, i., 233; sermon on the
Sword, i.,238 ; translated lo Armagh,
i., 240 ; visitation i., 240 ; episco-
pate in Meath, ii., 271.

Ussher, Luke i., 246.

V.

Vacant parishes, i., 126.

Vagrants, ii., 58.

Valle, Stephen de, Bishop of Meath, i.,
117, 145 ; ii., 270.

Valysch, Walter i,, 144.

Vanessa, ii., 50.

Vastina, i., 249 ; ii., 152, 153, 154, 326.

Venderal, Nicholas, i., 144.

Verdon, Rosina de, i., 98.

Vere, Robert de, Duke of Ireland, i.,
147.

Vestrymen, duties of. ii., 58 ; opposi-
tion to, ii., 60 ; registered, ii., 209.

" Vicar of Wakefield," ii., 98.

Villapagan, L. 249.

Visitation of Meath (1622), i., 242.

Visitation at Laracor, ii., 90.

W.

Wainwright, Mark, ii., 142.
Wall, Peter, Bishop of Clonmacnoise,
i. ( 157 ; ii., 276.

Wallen, Edward, i., 256.

Wallis, Thomas, ii., 64.

Walsh, William. Bishop of Meath,

appointed by Queen Mary, i., 189;

delay in consecration, i., 189;

deprived, i., 190 ; episcopate, ii.,

271.

Walsh, rector of Loughsuedy, i., 162.
Walshe, Dr., ii., 183.
Ward, Hill of, i.. 69.
Ward, Hugh, i , 112.
Ware, Sir James, i., 258.
Wellesley, Hon. and Rev. Gerard, ii.,

164.

Wesley, John, ii., 54, 55.
West Deeping, ii, 1 16.
Westmeath, Earl of, i., 238.
Wetherell, Frederick W., ii., 246.
Wherry, i., 120, 249 ; ii., 138, 153, 339.
Whip beggar, ii,, 59.
Whitby, i., 48.
White, Hill Wilson, ii., 96.
White, Sir Nicholas, i., 203.
Whitely, Thomas, i., 230.
Widows' Fund, ii., 98.
Wilkinson, W. L., ii., 268.
Wilkinstown, skirmish at, ii., 107.
William III., invasion of, i., 320 ;

welcomed by Dublin clergy, ii., i.
Williams, Griffith, Bishop of Ossory,

i., 311.

Wilson, Andrew, ii., 95.
Wilson, JDaniel, i., 275.
Wilson, Richard, Bishop of Meath, i.,

153, 161 ; ii., 271.
Wilson, William, ii., 95.
Wilson's Hospital, founding of, ii., 95

chaplain wounded by rebels, ii., 107

used as military barracks, ii., 108

plate, ii., 261, 268.
Woods, Mr., curate of Tara, ii., 138.
Wynne, Frederick R., Bishop of

Killaloe, ii., 229.

Y.

Yellow plague, i., 20.
Yellow steeple, i., 97.

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