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VERSi  i  Y 


LIBRARY       '" 

DEC  27  1974  ' 

BINDER?     ^      A 


F  157  G8M*'  ^''■9'"'^  University  Libraries 
"i|»ory  of  Greene  County,  Penn  *"'''" 

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DATE  DUE 


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DEMCO,  INC.  38-2931 


HISTORY 


OF 


GREENE  COUNTY, 


PENNSYLVANIA, 


BY 


SAMUEL  P.  BATES. 


Hills,  valep,  woods,  netted  in  silver  mist, 
Farms,  granges,  doubled  up  among  the  hills 
And  cattle  grazing  in  the  watered  vales, 
And  cottage  chimnej's  smoking  from  the  woods, 
And  cottage  L'ardens  smelling  everywhere. 
Confused  with  smell  of  orchards.  'See!  I  said. 
And  see  1  is  God  not  with  us  on  the  earth '! 

—Elizabeth  Barrett  Crowning. 


ILLUSTRATED. 


NELSON,   RISHFORTH    &    CO., 
[ICAG 

1888. 


».  CHICAGO 

i 


Library 
Vest  Yirginia  University 


CONTENTS 


Martin,  Prof.  George  F T 

Mcstrezat,  Jean  Louis  Guillaume T 

iMc'Strezat,  Frederic T 

Milliliiu,  Robert T 

Millildn,  J.  L.,  M.D T 

Minor,  Otlio  W '< 

Minor,  Joliu  S  •  ■  T 

Ponuiugtou,  T.  F T 

ProvinB,  J.  Y 1 

RopR,  Silas "' 

Titi'H,  Eli  N '• 

TituH,  E.  L '< 

Wcltncr,  J.  D 1 

Williams,  Benjamin  G ■; 

MORGAN  TOWNSHIP. 

Atlamson,  Joseph ■; 

Adamson,  Smith 1 

Bell,  J  R •; 

Bell.  I!.  F "; 

Braden,  S.  II 1 

Buckiniiham,  Heury ■; 

BnrsDU,  A.  S 1 

Gary,  Cephas 1 

Clayton,  John ■; 

Cox,  John  B ' 

Crayne,  Miller 'i 

Crayiie,  Stephen 1 

Crayiie,  David 1 

Fulton,  Samuel 1 

Greenlee,  James ' 

(irucnlee,  James ' 

Grimes,  Henry '. ' 

Harry,  C.  O ' 

Ilatfleld,  William ' 

Hawkins,  John  C .. 

Hawkins,  R.  C 

Hawkins,  J.  F 

Holder,  Thomas.!...    

Horner,  O.  C 

Keys,  Henry 

Lewis,  Samuel 

MontL;omery,  Samuel 

Monti;omery,  Thomas  H 

Murray,  Samuel 

McCuilough,  Able 

Pollock,  J.  C 

Pyle,  William 

Randolph,  W.  H.  F 

Rogers,  W.  D.,  M.  D  

Rose,   -lohn 

Rush,   Jac-ol) 

Rush,  James        

Stewart,  W.  B 

Vaukirk,  Edward,  Sr . . . '. 

Virgin,  W.  H  . . .         

Walton,  Amos 

Watson,  Henry 

MORRIS    TOWNSHIP. 

Auld,  Hugh 798 

Bane,  Jasper 798 

Bradbury,  Cyrus 798 

Brooks,  Enoch 799 

Cary,  Stephen  C 799 

Couklin,  .John  M 800 

Drier,  H     800 

Dunn,  Joseph 801 

Dunn,  William 801 

Hays,  Jesse  L 801 

Hopkins,   Samuel 803 

Hopkins,  D.  W S02 

Huftman,  Joseph 808 

Innis,  Otho 803 

lams,  J.  L 803 

Lightner,  Henry  804 

Loughinau,  Daniel 804 

Loughman,  William 805 

Lou<,'limau,  Daniel 80.") 

iSIeCullouffh,  Silas  M 805 

McVay,  Oliver 8lKi 


PAGE. 

Patterson,  Thomas 80G 

Pettit,  Elymas 807 

Pettit,  Matthias  807 

Ross,  Thomas  M 807 

Sanders,  Reuben 808 

Shape,  George 808 

Shoup,  Jacob  809 

Simpson,  Hugh 809 

Simpson,  J.  W 809 

Swart,  Jacob «10 

Throckmorton,  William  S.,  M.  D 810 

PERRY  TOWNSHIP. 

Blair,  Hon.  John ..  811 

Bovdston,  T.  W 812 

Boydston,  Thornton  E 812 

Brown,  O.  J 813 

Rrown,  Reuben., 813 

Cowell,  S.  A 814 

Donley,  D.  L 814 

Fox,  Dennis 815 

Guthrie,  Samuel 815 

Guthrie,  George  W 815 

Haines,  Cyrenius...     810 

Hattifkl,  Jacob,  M.  D 8ir. 

lIead!ev,G.F 817 

Headle'e,  W.  0 818 

Ileadlee,  Joseph  818 

Hoy,  J.  S 819 

Lemley,  Morris 819 

Lemley,  Clark 819 

Lemley,  Asberry 820 

Long,.!.  W 820 

Long,  William  820 

Lueilen,  Coleman 821 

Morris,  Spencer,  M.  D 821 

M<nris,  Levi 822 

I'atterson,  Joseph 82:i 

Keamer,  Minor  N 823 

Shultz,  Z.  T 821 

Snider,  A 824 

Spitznagel,  Jesse 824 

Stephens,  Spencer 82.") 

Wtiitldtch,  Lewis 825 

RICHHILL  TOWNSHIP. 

Baldwin,  F.  W 82(i 

Bane,  Ellis 82(! 

Barnett,  A.  B,...  827 

Bebout,  John 827 

Booher.I.C 827 

Braddoek,  James  H 828 

Eraddock,  Newton  H 828 

r.raddock,  F.  M 829 

Hraddock,D.  A 829 

Bristor,  Robert     829 

Clutter,  Abraham 8:W 

Clutter,  William  830 

Coukey,  J.  M 831 

Conkey,  James  Han'cy 8:51 

Day,  Hiram 8:^1 

Drake,  W.  S *W 

Ferrell,  Georse  W 832 

Fletcher,  H.  B 8:i3 

Fonner,  William  R 833 

Goodwin.  A.  J 834 

Goodwin,  Daniel 834 

(i  ray,  Thomas  L 835 

Gribbcn,  Elias  K.. 835 

Grim,  Capt.  Samuel 83() 

llanna,  Rev.  William 836 

Hughes,  James *<37 

Jacobs,  William 837 

Knight  S 838 

Lazear.  Jesse 8-iS 

Leslie,  JohnJ : f}^ 

Loar,  Jacob 839 

Loughridge,    J.    K 810 

Marsh,  Phillip 841 

Milliken,  William  6 841 

Murray,  John  M "'■-' 


CONTENTS. 


McCleary,  T.  J 8« 

McNay,  B.  H 84:^ 

Orudoff,  Johu 844 

Parry,  n.  H 844 

Pattersou,  J.  E.,  M.  D 844 

Scott,  Mason ..  845 

Scott,  Hirnni 845 

Smith,  Itobert 845 

Smith, -Tamus  L 846 

Supli-T,  Martin   84ti 

Wrisht,  John  M 847 

Wright,  G.  W 847 

White,  P.. T 847 

SPRINGHILL  TOWNSHIP. 

Ayere,  J .  1! 848 

Barger,  Johu  848 

Burdiue,  James 849 

Bitrge,W.L 850 

Carpenter,  Thomas  M  850 

Dinsmore,  P.  C,  M.  D 851 

Perrcll,  James  M 851 

Griffith,F.lI 852 

Griffith,  Samuel 853 

Hamilton,  Lewis  W 852 

llamiltou,  Enoch 853 

HoslviusoUjW.  P         853 

Isiminger,  Josephus 854 

Isimiuiier,  Jacob     854 

Miller,  Johu  H.,  M.  D 854 

Miller,  John 855 

Morford,  J.  L 855 

McNecly,  John 856 

Rinehart,  J.  H.,  M.  D 85B 

Uiuchart,  W.  11     ..856 

Stiles,  James  857 

Strope,  Thomas 8.")8 

W^hite,  W.T 858 

Whitlatch,  Joseph ...   858 

Wildmau,  William 859 

WASHINGTON  TOWNSHIP, 

Barnes,  Silas 8.59 

Boyd,  James        860 

Bristor,  Robert 860 

Gary,  Sylvester 861 

Closser.J.  W 861 

Craig,  Jeg.se 862 

Durbiu,  Enoch 862 

Durbiu,  G.  M' 863 

Edgar,  John     863 

Fulton,  Stephen 863 

Garner,  Spencer  B 864 

llufl'man,  T.  J 864 

Huffman,  G.W 865 

Hughes,  Andrew 865 

Johnson,  Zephaniah 865 

Johnson,  George  W 866 

Johnson,  Zenas 866 

Johns,  D.W 867 

Johns,  Jacob 867 

Keiglev,  George 868 

Martin,  John  M 868 

Meek,  h.  \V 868 

Meek,  Cephas 869 


I'AGE. 

Mitchell,  Asa 869 

McClelland,  M.  M 870 

Pettit,  John 870 

Pettit,  Joseph  H 870 

Roes,  Johu  871 

Ross,  Thomas  871 

Shirk,  Benjamin 872 

Smith,  J.  H   872 

Walker,  Johu  873 

WAYNE  TOWNSHIP. 

Bell,  George  W 874 

Brant,  Hon.  Matthias  874 

Brant,  Kendall  J       875 

Calvert,  Richard  T 875 

Coen,  J  ohu  P         875 

Cole,  Ephraim 876 

(Jole,  James  L 876 

Cole,  Henry 877 

Conkliu,  Henry 877 

Cumberk'dL'e,  A.J     877 

Freehuid,  John 878 

Headley,  Sam  II 878 

Johnson,  William  U 879 

Kent,  J.  S 879 

Kuight,  Jame.s 880 

Lantz,  William 880 

Moore,  George  W 881 

Phillips,  Hon.  Jesse 881 

Phillips,  William  D 882 

Phillips,  John  Mc 882 

Spragg,  David 882 

Spragg,  Caleb  A 883 

Si)ragg,  Henry  M 8h4 

Stewiut,  Israel 884 

Tustin,  Abraham 884 

White,  Reasin 885 

Worley,  Johu  I 885 

Zimmerman,  Robert 886 

WHITELEY    TOWNSHIP. 

Bailey,  A.  M 88^ 

Bare,  David  887 

Bt)wers,  Henrv 8&S 

Brant,  M.C' 888 

Cowell,  David  L 889 

Cowell,  John  M 889 

Cummins,  Johu  A 890 

Fox,  John 890 

Puller,  John  S 891 

Gump,  Abraham 891  v 

Guthrie,  Solomon 892         / 

Hatfield,  G.  W 892 

John,  Christopher . .  892 

Moss,  G.  W.,  M.  D 893 

Morris,  Henry . .  891 

Morris,  Elijah 894 

Patterson,  Rufus 894 

Shriver,  Arthur 895 

Smith,  A.  J 895 

Staggers,  Lisbon     895 

Stephens,  Liudsey 896 

Strosnider,  Simon  R 897 

Temple,A.  M 897 

Zimmerman,  James  R 898 


PORTRAITS. 


PAGE. 

Adamson,  Thomas 265 

Barnes,  .lames 125 

Beall,  Emanuel 335 

Biddle,  N .  II 165 

Black,  Hon.  C.  A 25 

Braddock,  P.  M 235 

Clayton,  J ohn 85 

Couklin,  John  M 451 


PAOE. 

Donley,  D.  L 275 

Fordyce,  A.  G ;i85 

Fo.K,  Dennis 355 

Fuller,  John  S 65 

Gordon,  IIou.  Johu  B 16 

Grimes,  P.  M 245 

Hatfield,  Jacob,  M.  D 1.55 

Hinermau,  Liudsey 435 


CONTENTS. 


PAGE. 

'^wyiin,  Jot^iah •  •>!'' 

iwymi,  J.  F two 

11.  rtninn,  Williniu ^iS" 

lliithiiwiiy,  J.  W <i~l 

Il;unilt()ii,  JoRcph t'~l 

Jackcoii,  I.  H...    6~'2 

Kerr,  Willinm tJ22 

Kerr,  James t>23 

Kerr,  John  C 6-28 

Kerr,  Archibald (i23 

LaifUe V,  ^sorval fril 

Laiclley,  J.  B,  M   D f,24 

Laidlev,  Hon.  T.  II fi'-T' 

Lousi,  K.  S t>25 

Lotij;,  >!  ilton ti2« 

Minor  Family fil!^ 

Murdock,  Jariie.-' 6-'fi 

Miirdock,  William  M ti-2tj 

^loredoek,  ISimou >)-" 

McCliiUock,  Rev.  John •"•■27 

McMillan,  Rev.  John ti-.'8 

]S ickesou,  Prof.  W.  M WJ 

Pattertion,  I.  I! h*l 

Patterson,  J.  G r,:iO 

Rea,  J.  II b81 

Rea,  Samuel  W (181 

Reeves,  Joseph ti3-- 

Rich,  Daniel fi« 

Richey,  Alb(-rt  M («3 

Rinehart,  Thomas ti3.3 

Ro<;er,-i,  Thomas  W 634 

Sharpnack,  A.  J (iS") 

Sharpnack,  Levi  A        035 

Stewart,  Thomas  L t)35 

Stone,  Elias H35 

Steiihensoii,  D.  C  636 

Topi)in,  Johnson 63ti 

"Warne,  T.  P 63V 

Wilev,  Lem  II 637 

Yonui,',  A.J 638 

Young,  Morgan 6:18 

DUNKARD  TOWNSHIP. 

Beall,  Emanuel ....    639 

Coalhauk,  Thornton 639 

Dilliner,  Ambrose 640 

Knotts,  Ira  B.,  M.  D 640 

Mason,  John  B 641 

Miller,  George  G 611 

Miller,  Asa .'. 642 

Morris,  I.  A 643 

McClui-e,  James 643 

Roberts,  Thomas  B 644 

Steele,  David 644 

Steele,  Thomas  B 644 

Sterlins,  Abraham 645 

South,  Joseph 645 

South,  Rev.  Frank 645 

Vanvoorhis,  L.  G 646 

Vanvoorhi.s,  Isaac 646 

FRANKLIN    TOWNSHIP    AND    WAYNES- 
BURG  BOROUGH. 

Adamson,  Thomas 647 

A  damson,  Cvrns 648 

Allum,J.P.' 64S 

Ankrom,  A.I 618 

Axtcll,  H.  B 649 

Barb,  William  H 649 

liell,  Jason  JI 65t1 

Blachlv,  Stephen  L.,  M.  D 6.V) 

Black.'Hon.  C.  A - 6.51 

Blair,  William 651 

Boyd,  James 653 

.Brock,  R.  E.,  M.  D 652 

Bower,  C .  E   652 

Buchanan,  James  A.  J 652 

Call,  Harvey 653 

Call,  John 653 

Chapman,  G,  W 654 

Cooke,  A.I 654 


PAQE. 

Cole,  Jacob <)■" 

Crawford,  David 655 

Cross.  A.  G.,  M.  D H'^fi 

Day,  William  G.  W O^T 

Day,  Harvev •  ''"8 

Uehnv.  B.  A.  W l".-i8 

Donley,  Hon.  J.  B (i"-8 

Douga"l,  Thomas  E 659 

Downey.  R.  F •''!" 

Ely,  J.*W.,  M.  D two 

Ely,  Jonas ''lil 

Evans.  W.  W ''•!! 

Funk.  J.  M •!•« 

Garard,  J.  C "^3 

Gordon,  Captain   John  A '''i3 

Gordon,  Solomon 664 

Gordon,  Hon.  Basil 661 

Gordon.  Hon.  John  B l;<>^ 

Goodwin.  Thomas •'•i'^ 

Grimes,  H.  M <i<>5 

Hainer,  D.   II •jC'J 

Ilarvev.  Samuel G'i'' 

Ilavs,  William  Thompson        667 

Her)  i'.',  Joseph  S e<"° 

IlerrinKtou,  B.  F "w 

Hill.  Jesse «i" 

Ho<re,  Norval ''■O 

Ilogc,  Asa  B >>"^ 

Hoge,  James  ^I 'iTi 

Hooper.  Isaac ''7'' 

Hook.  W.  A <;J~ 

Hook.  Thomas <;i_j 

Hoskinson.  Thomas O'S 

Hughes,  William  R '^^3 

lams,  John  T.,  M.  D B'f 

Illis,  Frederick Ort 

Inghram,  William  *''JJi 

Inghram,  Hon.  James ''75 

Jennings,  Col.  James  S ' ']iJ] 

Johnson,  William  R •7'> 

Jordon.  Rev.  C.  P  '^^,7 

Kent,  Hiram '. *"7 

Kent,  Col.  John  M '"8 

Kimher,  Capt.  W.  E ''I'l 

Knox,  I.  H   <;'i' 

Knox,P.  A 68(1 

Lantz,  W.  T 680 

Lemley,  J.  S 1)81 

Levino,  Morris "^i 

Lindsey,  Hon.  James *>81 

LindseV,  H.  H   "jSa 

Lippencott,  William.  Sr  662 

Lucas.H.C 6'^-^ 

Miller,  A.  B.,  D.  D.  LL.  D [;83 

Mitchell,  Isaac ^8o 

Moftett,  T.  P  6t>o 

Moore,  John  A '•^'' 

Morris,  William  H   ^Hh 

McCounell,  Hon.  Robert  A 68< 

McConnell.  Joseph  L '»88 

McNav,  Samuel  J ''88 

Orndoff.  Jesse    B «'  8 

Parshall,  Nfithaniel 6SJ 

Patterson,  W.  W '>»'J 

Patterson,  Rev,  Alb<^t  E 6S9 

Patton,  Hon.  Alexander  ');' ' 

Patton,  Joseph ^-^0 

Paul.'v,  W.  T.  H I;  0 

Phelan,  Zadock  W "Sii 

Phelan,  R.  H 691 

Pipes,  John  R 69;. 

Pratt,  D.  B W'.; 

Purman.  A.  A 6.)  5 

Ragan.Z.  C '^> 

Randolph,  James  P 694 

Randolph,  J.  A .  F 6^-3 

Kay,  Joseph  W ^Po 

Rhodes,  William 69b 

Rinehart,  S.  S 6'7 

Rinehart,  James  R 69^ 

Rinehart,  Prof.  A.  I.  P 69» 


i,^^^-' 


CONTENTS. 


Ritchiu,  J.  G 

Ro.ss,  Mor;^an 

Hoes,  Joseph  B. . . 
Ross,  IIou.  Abnor. 

Rogers,  .T.  H   

Ryan,  Rev.W.  M. 


PAGE. 

...  698 
. .  .  099 
...  699 
....  700 
..-700 
. ..  701 


Siiyers,  E.  M 702 

Sayere,  James  E 702 

Sayers,  Robert  A  703 

8ayers,  Henry  U .  704 

Scott,  J.  M 704 

Scott,  S.  \V 70.5 

Scott,  W.  G 70.5 

Shipley,  E.  H 706 

Silveu.s,  A.  F 706 

Simpson,  Rev.  J,  L 706 

Smalley,  A.  0 707 

Smith,  J.  M 707 

Sm ith,  J  ames  B 70S 

Sprags,  D.  A 708 

Sprout,  T.  Ross .',. .   .  709 

Strosnider,  M.  L 709 

Stoy,  Capt.  W.n 710 

r.".vlor,  George 710 

Tempifc,  J.  P 711 

Teagardeu,  John  P.     711 

Throckmorton,  Job 718 

'!  hrockmortou,  F.   LJ 714 

Ullom,  J.  T.,  M.  D 714 

Vundriitr,  M'.  S 714 

M'alton,  D.  S 715 

Wisccarvcr,  (Joort'o  W 715 

^\■ood,  Rev.  Joel  J 717 

Mood,  Hiram  (' 717 

Zimmerman,  Henry 718 

Zollars,  R.  S " 718 

GILMORE  TOWNSHIP. 

Clovis,  William 719 

JJye.  Jeflersou     719 

Eakin,  Jacob  M 720 

Fordyco,  John  G 731 

Ixilmore,  S.  W 721 

;a;r';n.  Hon.  John  722 

Ileuneu,  T .  M 722 

Lantz,  John        ' 722 

Lcmmon,  W.  M 723 

Lemmon,    Salem 723 

Lemmon,  Salathiel .•. .  724 

Mciirheu,  Peter 724 

Sliriver,  Jacob  L.,  M.  D 726 

Shongh,  Philip 725 

Taylor,  Abraham 726 

GREENE  TOWNSHIP. 

Baihiv,  W.  C 727 

Ueunv,  B.  W.,  M.  D 727 

''lenniken,  W.  C 738 

.ianird,  Stephenson 738 

Keener,  Charles 729 

Tjaut/.,  Hon.  Andrew 729 

Lantz,  John  F 729 

Liint/,,  George  W 730 

:Myers,  P.  A 7a0 

Reamer,  Jaccdj 731 

,Roberts,  J.  B  731 

Sedtrewick,  T.  H.,  M.  D 731 

feouth,  Benjamin 732 

Vance,   Joseph 733 

JEFFERSON  TOWNSHIP  AND  JEFFERSON 
BOROUGH. 

A.mmons,  A.  F 733 

.''  ne,  N.  M 734 

Bayard,  Samuel., 734 

Biuson,  J.  C 735 

Cottcrrel,  William 735 

Cotterrel,  John,  Sr 735 

(  oltcrrcl,  J ohn,  .1  r 7.j6 

Cree,  Hugh  D 736 

Dowlin,  Jesse 737 

Goodwin,  William 737 


PAGE. 

Gwyun,  Marshall 737 

Haver,  John 7''  8 

Haver,  Jacob 'i38 

Haver,  Charles  II 738 

Hays,  Isaac 739      *' 

Hughes,  Charles 739    , 

Hughes,  John  H 740 

Jordan,  Robert  H 740 

Kendall,  John  (' 740 

Long,  Eli 741 

Love,  Martin  J 741 

McCleary,  Ewing 742 

McGoveru,  Michael 742 

McMinu,  Thomas  R 743 

Moredock,  Daniel ; .  743 

Price,  Jeremiah 744 

Rex,  George 744 

Rinehart,  U.  P 745 

Scott,  James 745 

Shape,  ^lilton  S 746 

Sharpuack,  Thomas 746 

Sharpnack,  T.  11.,  M.  D 747 

Sharpnack,  Stiers 747 

Shaw,  Alva  C 748 

Smith,  Sylvanus,  M.  D 748 

Tilton,  Rev.  Charles  W 749 

Wise,  F.  B V49 

JACKSON  TOWNSHIP. 

Carpenter, James  750 

Graham,  William TSO 

Grimes,  Harvey  Allison 7.51 

Grimes,  George  W 751     i 

Grimes,  P.M. 751 

Groves,  John 752 

Hull'man,  William 753 

Johnson,  N.  H 753 

Keener,  Liudsey 753 

Kiger,  Alexander 753 

Kughn,  Lester 751 

Kughu,  Jackson p4 

Meek,  James 754 

Milliken,  W.  E 75o 

Mitchell, L.H 75o 

Mitchell,  Rufus  C 756     , 

Mitchell,  A.J 756 

Morris,  .Jacob 756 

Scott,  Capt.  John        75i 

Smith,  Hugh 758 

Smith,  Johnson  T 7.58 

Staggers,  Abraham 758 

Weaver,  Hiram 759 

Weaver,  Jacob 760 

Weaver,  David 759 

Webster,  Joseph   760 

White,  Hiram '*>! 

Williams,  T.  T.,  M.  U 761 

Wood,  James  '6-^ 

MONONGAHELA  TOWNSHIP  AND  GREENS- 
BORO BOROUGH. 

Atchison,  II.  K 76,' 

Barb,  John  W 763 

Birch,  George  F.,  M.  D 763 

Black,  James  A 764 

Black,  J.  S 764 

Blackshere,  James  E 76._> 

Boughner,  A.  V 7ti.> 

Cooper,  O.  P 765 

Donawny,  A.B 766 

Dulauy,  J.  H 766 

Dunlap,  Samuel 766 

Evans,  E.S 767 

Flcnniken,  Elias  A 76/ 

Gabler,A.K : 768 

Gabler,  J.  W 768    ; 

Grav,  J.  R 769    |  , 

Greene,  Wilson,  M.  D 769    ^ 

Jones,  John 770 

Kramer,  T.  P 771    | 

Kramer,  John  C 773    . 

Kramer,  John  P — 772    . 


CONTENTS. 


I'AGE. 

Hughes,  James 315 

lams,  Hon.  Thomas 105 

Johns,  Jacob,  Sr 205 

Lind^ey,  Hon.  James 55 

Lippencott,  William 325 

Loutr,  Eli 225 

Loushridge,  J.  K 505 

Meek,  James  305 

Mestrezat,  John  Louis  Guillanmi.- 135 

Miller,  Asa 395 

Millikiu,  John  L.,  M.  D 375 

Morris,  Isaac  A        415 

Moss,  G.  \y.,  M.  D 195 

AlcClelland,  M.  M       :i45 

McCouuell,  Robert  A 185 


PAOE. 

McMimi,  T.  R 255 

McVav,  James  295 

Parrv.W.  M.,  M.D 4S? 

Phillips,  O.S 409 

Sayers,  E.  M 35 

Scott,  Capt.  John 75 

Scott,  James  285 

Sprassr,  David 145 

Swart,  Jacob . .  305 

Thompsou,  Samuel  215 

Tilton,  Rev.  C.  VV 95 

Throckmorton,  W.  S.,  M.  D     1T5 

\S' isccarver,  George  W 45 

Worley,  John  I... 115 

Young,  A.J 405 


Map  of  Greene  County 15 


PREFACE. 


The  section  of  country,  of  which   Greene  County  occupies   a   central 

position,  has  more  vitally  interesting  problems  in  its  history,  than  any 

other  portion  of  the  United  States.     The  nationality  which  should  occupy 

the  great  Mississippi  Valley — Spanish,  French,  or  English;  the  narrowed 

struggle  between  the  French  and  the  English,  inaugurated  by  Marquette 

and  LaSalle,  in  their  pious  ceremonials,  and  by  Celeron  in  planting  tlio 

leaden  plates;  the  fierce   military  contest  led  by  Washington,  Braddock, 

^and  Forbes  for  possession  of  Fort  Pitt  and  the  final  banishment  of  the 

French  beyond  the  lakes;  the  long  and  wasting  conflict  with  the  natives 

in    which    isolated   pioneers    with   their   families  were  exposed   in  their 

scattered  cabins  in  the  forest,  to  the  fiendish  arts  of  the   stealthy  and 

heartless  savage,  who  spared  neither  the  helpless  infant,  the  tender  female, 

nor  trembling  age;  the  protracted  controversy  with   Maryland  over  the 

possession  of  territory  which  both   States  claimed;   the  settlements  of  a 

Virginia  company  on  Pennsylvania  soil,  and  the  claim  of  the  former  State 

to   the   whole    boundless   Northwest;   the   chances   by    which    the    final 

,  settlement  of  possession   was  invested,  and  the  finding  of  the  southwest 

ncorner  of  the  State  finally  accomplished  by  astronomical  observations  at 

^the  instance  of  Thomas  Jefferson;  the  subtle  influences  which  swayed  the 

vocation  of  the  National  road,  and  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  railway — these 

were  all  questions  which  nearly  touch  the  ultimate  reaches  of  its  history. 

.  ic  has  been  thought  best  accordingly,  to  give  generous  space  in  this 
volume  to  these  vital  subjects,  which  will  ever  command  the  attentior 
of  the  thoughtful,  will  daily  increase  in  interest  to  the  oncoming  genera- 

c  tions,  and  by  means  of  which  we  trace  the  philosophy  of  the  vital  events 

c  of  history  that  are  really  useful. 

t         In  preparing  these  pages  for  publication  it  has  been  decided  not  to 

Jlencumber  the  text  with  marginal  notes,  and  references  to  authorities;  but 

irto  name  authors  where  their  investigations  have  been  used,  and  to  make 
acknowledgements  in  a  general  way.  It  would  be  impossible  to  name 
all,  but  the  following  have  been  found  especially  useful  and  have  been 
'  freely  consulted :     The  Histories  of  the  United  States  by  Bancroft,  Hildreth, 

"^"l' Spencer,  Bryant,  and  Lossing;  Irviug's  Life  of  Washington;  Life  and 
Writings  of  William  Penn;  Colonial  Records,  and  Pennsylvania  archives; 
History   of  Pennsylvania    Volunteers;   the   Western   Annals;  History  of 


IV  PREFACE.  I 

Western  Pennsylvania;  Piedstone  Presbytery;  McConnell's  Map  of  Greene; 
County;  The  Historical  Atlas;  the  State  Reports  of  Education  from  18S1\ 
to  1887;  and  Crumrine's  History  of  Washington  County.  \ 

Especial  acknowledgements  are  due  to  L.  K.  Evans,  Esq.,  who,  during 
the  Centennial  year  of  American  Independence,  published  in  the  Waynes-i 
burg  Hepublicrm,  which  he  then  edited,  a  series  of  articles  running  through 
an  entire  year  of  weekly  issues,  embracing  investigations  which  he  pushed 
with  singular  perseverance  and  marked   success,   covering   much  of  tha 
early  history  of  the  county.     In  a  spirit  of  generosity  and  kindness,  he 
not  only  placed  at  my  disposal  a  complete  set  of  these  articles,  but  alsc 
?  mass  of  manuscript  which  had  been  addressed  to  him  by  aged  citizens 
in  various  sections  of  the  county,  bearing  upon  the  subject  of  his  investi- 
gations.    From  these  sources  matter  has  been  freely  drawn;  and  though 
it  has  not  been  possible,  on  account  of  the  limits  prescribed  to  this  work, 
to  use  as  much  as  might  have  been  desired,  in  the  interesting  style   h. 
which  it  appears,  yet  in  a  condensed  form  it  has  been  freely  appropriated. 
Probably  no  equal  portion  of  any  part  of  the  United  States  has  been, 
the  scene  of  so  many  cold-blooded  and  heartless  murders  by  the  Indians! 
as  this  county;  not  because  the  pioneers  here  provoked  the  natives  to  re- 
venge, nor  because  they  were  the  special  objects  of  hatred,  but   because 
they  happened  to  be  in  the  way  of  the  savages  in  their  march  to    and  fro 
upon  their  war  expeditions,  and  because  this  was  their  ancient  hunting 
ground.     The  Indians  neV^er  made  this  section  their  home,  having  no  vil- 
lages nor  wigwams  in  all  its  limits;  but  from  time  immemorial  had  kept 
this  as  a  sort  of  park  or  preserve  for  the  breeding  of  their  game.      They 
may  have  felt  aggrieved  in  seeing  their  favorite  hunting  grounds  broken  in 
iipon,  and  the  game  scared  away  by  the  ring  of  the  settler's  ax,  the  echo 
of  his  gun,  and  his  frequent  burnings;  but  it   is  probable  that  this  haa 
less  influence  than  the  fact  that  their  war-paths  happened  to  cross  here,) 
and  they  found  in  their  way  subjects  on  whom  they   could  glut  theiri 
savage  instincts.     There  are  over  one  hundred  well  authenticated  recordsj 
in  the  State  archives  of  murders  committed  within  the  limits  of  this  small; 
county  alone. 

Hoping  that  the  work  will  prove  useful  to  the  citizens  of  the  county, 
and  especially  to  the  rising  generation,  and  will  serve  to  stimulate  to, 
further  inquiry  into  the  subjects  which  it  touches,  it  is  respectively  sub- 
mitted to  their  considerate  judgment. 

S.  P.  B. 
Waynesburg,  Nov.  13,  1888.  , 


History  of  Greene  County, 

PENNSYLVANIA. 


CHAPTER  I. 

PicTUKKSQUE  Beauty  ov  (tiieene  Coi^ntv — -AYords  oe  Alexander 
Ca>[pbell — Its  L(jcation — 389,120  Square  Acres — Streams 
DRAixi>a  It — Water-siied^ — Trend  of  the  Hills — Fertility 
OF  THE  Soil — Liiviestone — Forests — Remarks  upon  Forestry 
— A  Girdled  Forest — Consequfnce  of  War  upon  the  For- 
ests— Judicious  Planting — The  Suoar  Maple — As  Seen  in 
Southern  Italy — Questions  Touching  its  Early  Occupation. 

AN  Ens^lisli  nobleman  of  the  last  generation,  scliooled  by  travel  in 
many  lands,  in  a  book  which  he  wrote  descriptive  of  an  extended 
tour  in  the  United  States,  deliberately  declared  that  of  all  the  lands 
which  had  gladdened  his  vision  by  their  picturesque  beauty  in  any 
part  of  the  globe,  none  excelled  those  along  the  upper  waters  of  the 
Ohio  and  its  tributary  streams.  Indeed,  so  fascinated  were  the  early 
French  visitants,  accustomed  in  their  own  land  to  scenes  of  enchant- 
ing natural  beauty,  that  when  they  beheld  the  Ohio,  they  designated 
it,  and  ever  after  called  it  in  all  their  books  and  writings.  La  Belle 
Revicve. 

Of  that  portion  of  country,  which,  by  its  lines  of  beauty  and 
grace,  has  justly  won  these  generous  and  just  encomiums,  to  none 
can  they  more  fairly  be  applied,  than  to  that  territory  included  within 
the  limits  of  Greene  County;  for  it  will  be  remembered  that  the 
French  knew  less  of  what  is  now  designated  the  Ohio  River,  than 
its  two  principal  tributaries,  to  which  they  applied  the  one  common 
name.  To  the  traveler  who  passes  on  over  its  network  of  highways, 
winding  among  its  crown  of  hills,  or  by  the  margin  of  its  sparkling 
streams,^  on  every  side  are  presented  the  elements  of  beauty;  and  the 
artist  who  seeks  for  worthy  subjects  of  his  brush,  cannot  fail  to  find 
them  here.  The  monotony  which  plagues  the  traveler  in  a  prairie 
land,  and  in   many  portions  of  the   Atlantic  shores,   is  unknown  to 


18  HISTORY    OE    GREENE    COUNTY. 

him  here.  Scarcely  one  field  in  all  its  broad  domain  is  like  another. 
Nor  is  there  here  the  other  extreme, — the  bald  and  shaggy  mountain 
with  its  inaccessible  summits,  forbidding  intercourse  from  its  op 
posing  sides,  given  up  to  barrenness  and  sterility. 

But  everywhere  is  pleasing  variety.  In  spring  time  the  whole  sur- 
face of  the  landscape  is  gladdened  with  the  verdure  of  the  fast  spring- 
ing wheat,  and  rich  pasturage  links  tlie  margins  of  the  quick  flowing 
streams  to  the  summits  of  the  farthest  hills.  In  summer  time  num- 
berless flocks  and  herds  lick  up  the  morning  dew  of  the  valley,  repose 
at  the  heated  noontide  beneatli  ample  shade,  or  slake  their  thirst  at 
the  cool  and  abundant  fountains,  and  find  rest  at  night-fall  on  some 
breezy  knoll  or  sheltered  nook.  In  autunm  shocks  of  well  ripened 
grain  gladden  all  the  valleys,  and  along  the  hills  are  ridges  of  golden 
corn.  When  winter  comes  with  its  hoary  Ijreatli,  and  river,  and  creek, 
and  brooklet  are  bound  in  icy  adamant,  and  the  great  clouds  of  snow- 
flakes  come  whirling  over  hill-tops  and  down  the  valleys,  wrapping 
all  the  earth  in  a  drapery  of  white,  the  sun,  though  with  far-off 
slanting  rays,  peers  into  happy  homes,  sheltered  from  the  biting 
blast  by  massive  hills  that  rise  up  in  giant  form  on  every  side,  like 
trusty  sentinels  to  keep  back  and  break  the  force  of  the  blizzards  that 
come  with  their  deathly  embrace  to  torment  the  dwellers  on  the 
western  plains. 

That  I  may  not  seem  extravagant  in  my  estimate  of  the  beauties 
of  a  Greene  County  landscape,  or  the  fertility  of  its  soil,  I  quote  the 
language  of  one  who  well  knew  of  what  lie  was  writing,  and  was  not 
accustomed  to  speak  in  terms  of  exaggeration, — the  Memoirs  of  Alex- 
ander Campbell.  "As  we  follow  the  descending  waters,  the  hills  and 
upland  regions,  M'hich  in  reality  preserve  pretty  much  the  same 
level,  seem  gradually  to  become  higher,  so  that  by  the  time  we  ap- 
proach the  Ohio  and  Monongahela  liivers,  their  sides  growing  more 
and  more  precipitous,  rise  to  a  height  of  four  or  five  himdred  feet. 
These  steep  declivities  inclose  the  fertile  valleys,  through  which  the 
larger  streams  wind  in  graceful  curves.  Into  these  wide  valleys 
small  rivulets  pour  their  limpid  waters,  issuing  at  short  intervals  upon 
each  side  from  deep  ravines  formed  by  steep  hillsides,  which  closely 
approach  each  other,  and  down  which  the  waters  of  the  springs,  with 
which  the  upland  is  abundantly  supplied,  fall  from  rock  to  rock  in 
miniature  cascades.  Upon  the  upland  not  immediately  bordering 
upon  the  streams,  the  country  is  rolling,  having  the  same  general 
elevation,  above  which,  however,  the  summit  of  a  hill  occasionally 
lifts-itself,  as  though  to  afford  to  lovers  of  beautiful  landscapes  most 
delightful  views  of  a  country  covered  for  many  miles  with  rich 
pasturages,  with  grazing  herds  or  flocks,  fruitful  grain-fields  or  orch- 
ards, gardens  and  farm-houses,  while  upon  the  steeper  sides  of  the 
valleys  still  remain  some  of  the  ancient  forest  growths  of  oak  and 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  19 

ash,  walnut,  hickory  and  maple.  Frequently  as  the  traveler  passes 
along  the  roads  upon  the  upland,  he  sees  suddenly  from  somedividino; 
ridge,  charming  valleys  stretching  away  for  miles  with  their  green 
meadows,  rich  lields  of  corn,  and  sparkling  streamlets.  At  other 
times,  as  he  advances,  he  admires  with  delight  in  the  distance,  tht- 
ever  varying  line  of  the  horizon,  which  on  all  sides  is  formed  by  the 
summits  of  remote  ridges  and  elevations,  sometimes  conical  in  form, 
but  mostly  delined  hy  various  arcs  of  circles,  as  regularly  drawn  as  if 
a  pair  of  compasses  had  traced  the  lines  upon  the  sky.  Every- 
where around  him  he  sees  lands  abounding  in  limestone,  and  all  the 
necessary  elements  of  fertility,  and  producing  upon  even  the  highest 
summits  abundant  crops  of  all  the  cereal  grains.  To  enhance  the 
natural  resources  of  tliis  picturesque  country,  its  hills  conceal  im- 
mense deposits  of  bituminous  coal,  which  the  descending  streams 
here  and  there  expose.  *  ''^  *  Such  for  nearly  two  hundred  miles 
west  of  the  Alleghanies,  is  the  general  character  of  this  region  especial- 
ly of  that  portion  of  it  lying  along  the  Monongahela  and  Ohio,  a  region 
whose  healthfulness  is  not  surpassed  by  that  of  any  country  in  the 
world." 

We  have  thus  far  considered  only  the  general  aspects  of  the 
county.  Its  location  and  topographical  features  can  be  briefly 
stated.  Greene  County  is  situated  in  the  extreme  southwest  corner 
of  Pennsylvania,  and  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Washington  County, 
on  theeastby  the  Monongahela  River  which  separates  it  from  Fayette 
County,  on  the  south  by  West  Virginia,  the  western  extremity  of 
Mason  and  Dixon's  line  forming  the  dividing  boundary,  and  on  the 
west  by  West  Virginia,  known  as  the  Panhandle,  the  western  merid- 
ian line  of  five  degrees  measuring  the  length  of  the  State  constitut- 
ing the  line  of  demarkation.  It  contains  within  these  limits  three 
hundred  and  eightj^-nine  thousand,  one  liundred  and  twenty  square 
acres  (389,120)  of  surface,  or  about  six  hundred  and  eight  square 
miles  (608).  Were  it  in  the  form  of  an  absolute  square  it  would  be 
nearly  twenty-live  miles  on  each  side,  or  a  hundred  miles  in  circuit; 
but  as  the  length  is  to  the  breadth  as  live  to  three,  the  average  length 
may  be  set  down  as  thirty-two  miles  and  breadth  nineteen.  The 
surface  is  drained  by  the  Monongahela  River,  which  unites  with  the 
Allegheny  at  Pittsburg  and  forms  the  Ohio  proper,  and  by  the 
Wheeling  River  which  also  falls  into  the  Ohio,  and  forms  part  of  the 
great  Mississippi  system.  The  water-shed  which  separates  the 
waters  of  the  Monongahela  from  the  Wheeling  system,  commences 
at  a  point  on  the  Washington  County  line  a  little  north  and  east  of 
the  Baptist  church,  near  the  northern  extremity  of  Morris  Township, 
and  pursues  a  southwesterly  course  cutting  a  small  section  of  the 
eastern  portion  of  Richhill  Township,  striking  Jackson  Township  at  a 
point  near  the  intersection  of  Jackson  with  Centre,  dividing  Jackson 


20  HISTORY    OF    GKEENE    COUNTY. 

from  north  to  south  very  nearly  at  its  center,  cutting  off  the  north- 
west corner  of  Gihiiore,  and  the  southwest  corner  of  Springhill  Town- 
ships, and  passes  on  into  West  Virginia  near  the  center  of  the 
southern  boundary  of  the  latter  township,  thus  forming  as  it  were, 
the  back-bone  of  the  county,  and  sending  the  waters  on  its  eastern 
slope  through  innumerable  and  devious  channels  to  the  on-moving 
waters  of  the  Monongahela,  and  those  upon  the  western  slope  to  the 
Wheeling. 

Of  the  streams  which  drain  the  eastern  slope,  Ten  Mile  Creek  is 
the  most  considerable,  draining  with  its  tributaries  a  full  third  of  the 
entire  territory;  the  second  in  magnitude,  and  nearly  the  equal  of  the 
former,  though  receiving  a  considerable  portion  of  its  volume  from 
West  Vii-ginia,  is  Dunkard  Creek.  Of  lesser  magnitude  are  Muddy 
Creek,  Little  Wliiteley  and  Whiteley.  On  the  western  slope  are  Ens- 
low's  and  North  Forks  of  A¥heeling  Creek  and  Pennsylvania  Fork  of 
Fish  Creek. 

Ten  Mile  Creek,  which  forms  the  northern  boundary  of  Jefferson 
Township,  and  the  northern  limit  of  the  county  and  is  something  less 
than  four  miles  in  length,  is  formed  by  the  junction  of  the  North 
and  South  Forks.  The  North  Fork  is  forthe  most  part  in  Washing- 
ton County,  draining  its  southeastern  section.  The  ISouth  Fork  which 
drains  the  central  and  northeastern  portion  of  Greene  County,  has  for 
its  tributaries  on  the  left  bank,Casteel  Hun,  Ruff's  Creek,  Wylies  Run, 
Brown's  Fork,  Bates'  Fork,  Brushy  Fork,  Gray  Rnn  and  MirandaRun, 
and  upon  the  right  bank,  McCourtney's  Run,  llargus  Creek,  Pursley 
Creek,  Smith  Creek,  Laurel  Run  and  Coal  Lick  Run.  Pumpkin  Run  is 
the  next  stream  south  of  Ten  Mile  Creek  and  empties  into  the 
Monongahela  at  the  point  where  is  located  the  village  of  Patton  and 
Hughe's  Ferry.  Muddy  Creek  drains  for  the  most  part  Cumberland 
Township,  passes  through  the  village  of  Carmichaels  and  enters  the 
river  where  has  been  established  Flenniken's  Ferry.  Whiteley  Creek 
which  is  fed  by  Frosty,  Lantz  and  Dyer's  Runs  from  the  north, 
drains  Whiteley,  Greene  and  Monongahela  Townships,  passes  through 
the  villages  of  Kirby,  Lone  Tree,  AVhiteley  and  Mapletown,  and 
falls  into  the  Monongahela  River  at  Ross'  Ferry.  Dunkard  Creek, 
which  has  for  tributaries  West's,  Culvin's,  Shannon's,  Randolph's 
Robert's,  Rush's  Hoover's,  Fordyce's,  Tom's  and  Blockhouse  Runs 
from  the  north,  and  numberless  confluents  from  West  Virginia 
from  the  south,  has  upon  its  banks  the  villages  of  Mt.  Morris,  Fair 
Chance  and  Taylortown  and  is  the  last  of  the  considerable  streams 
that  flow  into  the  Monongahela  River  on  the  south  in  Pennsylvania. 
The  North  Fork  of  Wheeling  Creek,  which  drains  the  western  slope 
of  the  county  is  fed  upon  the  left  bank  by  Whorton's,  Hewitt's, 
Chamber's  and  A¥hite's  Runs,  and  on  the  right  bank  by  Stonecoal, 
Crabapple,  Laurel,  Kent's,  Wright's  and  White  Thorn  Runs,  and  has 


HISTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  21 


the  villages  of  Bristoria,  Ej^erson  and  Crow's  Mills,  located  upon  it 
banks.      Fish    Creek    is  fed   by   Hart's,    Waggon-road,    Laurel  aru 


its 

k1 
Herod's  Runs,  and  has  the  villages  of  Freeport  and  Deep  Yallej'. 

The  general  trend  of  the  hills  throughout  the  county  of  Greene 
is  from  northwest  to  southeast,  and   the  roads    which  follow  the  val- 
leys by  which  the  hills  are  bordered,  follow  the  same  general  direc- 
tion,  being  for  the  most  part  parallel  to  each  other  and  connected  at 
intervals  by  cross  roads  leading  over  the  hills,  or  through  intersectino- 
valleys.     The  only  exception  to  this  general  law  is  the  tract  embracino- 
the    three    western    townships,  comprising  the  valley  of  Wheeling 
<'reek,  where  the   course  is  from   north  to   south  or    bearing  some- 
what from  northeast  to  southwest.     ICvery  part  of  the  surface  is  well 
watered  by  abundant  springs  and  streams,  and    the  soil  is  deep  and 
fertile,  being  tillable  even  to  the  very  summits  of  the  highest  hills. 
In  many  portions  the  hillsides,  though  very  abrupt,   are  capable  of 
being  cultivated,  and  yield  good  returns  for  the  labor  l)estowed.     In 
the  western  section  of  the  county   are  beds   of  limestone,  which,  on 
being  reduced  and  applied  to  the  soil,  stimulates  it  to  great  fertility. 
When  first  visited  by  the  white  man,  this  whole  stretch   of  country 
was  covered  with   one  vast  forest,  the  trees  of  giant  growth,  consist- 
ing of  white  oak,  red  oak,  black  oak,  and  in  many   sections  of  sugar 
maple,  chestnut,  black  walnut,  hickory,  butternut,  ash,  poplar,  locust, 
ciierry,  ironwood,  laurel  and   bay.     In  the  rich   bottoms,  along  the 
Monongahela  River,  in  the  southeastern  section  of  the  county,  were, 
originally,  vast  tracts  of  pine  and  hemlock  and  spruce.     These  have 
been  swept  away  for  use  in  building,  and    the  arts,    until    scarcely  a 
vestige  remains  of  the  pristine  forests,  and  few  if  any  of  a  new  growth 
have  been  permitted  to  spring  up  in  their  places.     As  a  consequence, 
all  the  rough  timber  and  sheeting  boards   used   in  building,   are    of 
the  different  varieties  of  oak.      Poplar  and  hard-woods  have  now  to  be 
used  as  a  finishing  wood,  or  if  pine  is  employed  it  has  to  be  imported. 
The  observation   may    be   permitted   in    this  connection,  though 
not  strictly  in  place  here,  that  the  subject  of  forestry  has  been  too 
much  overlooked  by  the  inhabitants  of  Greene  County.     In  a  former 
generation  the  deep,    dense  forest   was    looked    upon   as   the  worst 
enemy  of  the   settler,  standing  in  the  way  of  his  improvements,  and 
shutting  out  the  sunlight  from   his    vegetables    and  growing  crops. 
Hence,   to  get  the  heavy  growths  out  of  his  way,  and  prevent  future 
growths  was  his  greatest   care.        In    what  way    this    could   be  ac- 
complished with    the   least  labor  and   most   speedily,   was  his  chief 
concern.     Hence  the  hai'dy  axmen  went   forth   at   the  first  breaking 
of  the  rosy  tinted  morn,  and  we  can  realize  as  he  attacks, 

-some  stately  growth  of  oak  or  piue, 


Which  nods  aloft  and  proudly  sjireads  her  shade, 

The  sun's  defiance  and  the  flock's  defence; 

How  by  strong  strokes  tough  fibers  yield  at  length, 


22  iiisTOKY  OF  gkep:ne  county. 

Loud  groans  her  last,  and  rushing  from  her  height, 
In  cumbrous  ruin  thunders  to  the  ground. 
The  concious  forest  trembles  at  the  shock. 
And  hill,  and  stream,  and  distant  dale  resound.  " 

This  is  bttt  the  history  of  what  was  transpiring  in  every  portion 
of  the  county,  day  after  day,  and  year  after  year,  through  all  the 
early  generations.  It  was  too  laborious  and  troublesome  to  cliop  the 
monster  trunks  into  sections  fit  for  handling,  so,  fire  was  brought 
into  requisition,  and  at  convenient  intervals  burnings  were  made, 
when  the  dissevered  parts  could  then  be  swung  around  into  piles  and 
the  torch  applied.  All  through  the  dry  season  vast  volumes  of  smoke 
would  ascend  heavenward,  and  at  night  the  sky  would  be  illumined 
by  the  flames  leaping  upward  and  standing  like  beacon  lights  on 
every  hill-top  and  down  every  valley.  And  when  the  settler  was  in 
too  much  haste  to  cut  and  burn  tlie  cumbersome  forest,  he  would  rob 
the  innocent  trees  of  their  life  by  girdling  the  sap,  thus  cutting  off" 
the  health  giving  currents.  I)y  this  process  the  foliage  was  forever 
broken,  and  the  light  and  genial  warmth  of  the  sun  was  let  in  upon 
the  virgin  mould  of  centuries,  which  was  quickened  into  life  as  the 
husbandman  dropped  his  cherished  seed.  But  there  stood  the  giant 
forest  stil),  torn  and  wrenched  by  lightning  and  storm,  stretching 
out  its  massive  arms  to  lieaven,  bleached  and  whitened  by  sun  and 
shower,  like  the  ghosts  of  their  departed  greatness,  and  as  if  implor- 
ing mercy  still.  One  can  scarcely  pass  one  of  these  lifeless  forests,, 
without  a  sigh  of  pity  for  the  decaying  monarchs. 

But  they  subserve  a  purpose.  The  constant  droppings  from  their 
decaying  limbs  engender  moisture,  and  give  nourishment  to  the  rich 
])asturage  which  springs,  like  tufts  of  velvet,  beneath  them:  and, 
when  at  length  they  yield  to  the  Idows  of  the  elements,  and  the  cor- 
oding  tooth  of  time,  they  are  i-educed  to  asiies,  and  finally  disapj)ear 
from  sight.  They  were  sometimes  fired  while  still  standing,  and 
scarcely  can  a  more  sublime  sight  be  imagined  than  a  forest  of  lifeless- 
trees  in  full  blaze.  The  aslies  'from  a  burned  forest  were  some- 
times gathei-ed  up  and  converted  into  potash,  which  always  com- 
manded ready  sale  in  the  eastern  market,  and  was  exchanged  for  salt 
and  other  necessaries  of  life  not  produced  in  the  vicinage. 

But  what  will  be  the  consequence  of  this  indiscriminate  war  upon 
the  forests  ?  In  a  few  crenerations  the  hills,  being  entirely  denuded 
of  shade,  will  be  Darched  by  the  burning  suns  of  summer,  and  the 
streams  will  become  less  copious  in  the  heated  term  and  will  eventual- 
ly l)ecome  entirely  dry.  On  the  other  hand,  in  the  spring  time,  with 
no  forests  to  hold  the  moisture,  and  yield  it  up  gradually  through 
the  burning  months  when  needed,  the  rains  and  melting  snows  will 
descend  in  torrents,  and  flood  the  valleys.  The  fertility  of  the  soil 
will  be  soaked  and  drained  out  of  it,  the  hillsides  will  be  gashed  and 


HISTOIIY    OF    GKKKXK    COUNTY.  23 

seamed  by  the  descending  torrents,  and  thus  all  the  hills,  burned  in 
summer  and  flooded  in  winter,  will  become  barren.  The  tiller  (^f 
the  soil  will  wonder  at  the  scantiness  of  his  crops,  and  his  tlocks  and 
herds  will  ]>leat  and  call  in  hopeless  starvation. 

Of  late  years  an  attempt  has  been  made  to  excite  an  intei'est  in 
forestry'.  Mr.  Northup,  in  Connecticut,  has  secured  some  legislation 
upon  the  subject  in  that  State  and  by  lecturing  before  teachers'  in- 
stitutes, and  on  public  occasions,  has  called  attention  to  the  subject, 
so  tliat  we  have  our  forestry  day  in  this  State,  to  which  the  governor 
annually  calls  attention  by  a  special  proclamation.  IJut  the  manner 
in  which  it  is  acted  upon,  instead  of  resulting  in  a  public  oood, 
will  be  a  positive  injury.  In  the  appeals  of  ^Ir.  Xorthup  and 
others,  the  call  is  to  have  trees  planted  about  school-houses  and 
dwellings,  Now  what  will  be  the  consequence  (  In  a  few  years, 
when  the  trees  have  become  grown,  there  will  be  excessive  shade 
and  moisture.  Moss  will  accumulate  upon  the  roofs,  the  suidight 
will  be  entirely  shut  out,  and  the  children  will  be  pale  and  sickly  in 
consequencf.  The  school-room  will  become  unhealthy  for  lack  of 
sunligiit,  and  the  dwelling  will  be  damp  and  gloomy.  ()ne  tree  for 
a  scliool  ground  not  exceeding  one  acre,  is  ample  shade.  Excessive 
shade  must  always  ])rove  injurious  to  health,  while  sun  light  is  a 
better  medicine  for  failing  strength  than  ever  iiuman  ingenuity  com- 
pounded. 

But  Aviuit  is  the  remedy  for  the  evil  complained  of  ^  The  forester 
should  commence  his  work  upon  the  far-off  hill  tops,  and  with  dili- 
gent hand  should  crown  "them  with  forests  most  useful  and  valuable 
to  man, — the  line  maple,  comely  in  shape,  challenging  the  painter's 
most  gaudy  pigments  for  color,  close-grained  and  unyielding  in  tiber 
for  lumber;  the  walnut,  cherry  and  ash,  unrivalled  for  furniture  and 
linishing:  the  chestnut,  valual)le  for  its  nuts  and  for  fencincf,  and 
pine  and  birch  and  hemlock,  iiseful  all.  For  liolding  moisture,  and 
tempering  the  heats  of  summer,  none  are  more  useful  than  the  ever- 
greens. All  the  waste  places,  the  ravines  and  rugged  hill-sides, 
unsuitable  for  cultivation,  should  be  planted.  The  sugar  from  a 
thousand  good  trees  will  bring  to  any  farmer  a  bigger  income  than 
the  whole  produce  of  his  farm  in  other  ways.  The  price  of  a  good 
black  walnut  log  is  almost  fabulous.  A  white  ash  of  twenty  years' 
growth  will  yield  a  timber  unsurpassed  for  carriages;  and  pine  of 
tifteen  years'  growth  will  produce  lumber  which  will  be  much  sought 
for,  and  is  3^ear  by  year  becoming  more  and  more  scarce.  A  good 
field  of  planted  trees,  or  sprout  land,  should  be  fenced  and  protected 
from  the  browsing  of  cattle,  as  carefully  as  a  field  of  corn.  It  may 
seem  an  unpalatable  doctrine  to  preach,  that  the  forests,  which  our 
fathers  M^orked  themselves  lean  to  banish,  should  be  protected,  and 
nurtured,  and  brought  back  to  their  old    places.     I3ut  it  is  a  true 


24  IIISTOKY    OF    GKEENK    COUNTY. 

gospel,  and  if  we  look  carefully  at  it  in  all  its  bearings,  Me  shall  re- 
ceive it  and  recognize  it  as  possessing  saving  grace. 

Along  the  hills  of  sonthern  Itidy  may  be  seen,  to-day,  an  aspect 
which,  in  a  few  years,  will  be  presented  in  the  now  fertile  lands  of 
Greene  County.  The  Italian  hills  for  centuries  have  been  swept 
bare  of  forests.  As  a  conse(j[uence,  the  soil  is  parched  in  summer 
time,  and  has  become  bare  and  barren;  the  streams,  which  in  other 
days  were  deep  and  ran  in  full  volume  to  the  sea,  and  were  the  theme 
of  extravagant  praises  by  the  Latin  poets,  are  now  for  months  together 
entirely  dry,  not  a  gush  of  water  gladdening  their  baked  and  parched 
beds.  Of  the  innumerable  streams  which  fall  into  the  Mediterranean 
on  the  western  coast,  from  Genoa  to  the  Straits  ol"  JMessina,-there  are 
only  a  very  few,  like  the  Anio  and  the  Tiber,  that  do  not,  in  July  and 
August,  cease  to  flow,  the  husbandman  being  obliged  to  resort  to 
artesian  wells  to  feed  his  vegetables  and  growing  crops. 

We  have  now  considered  the  general  features  of  the  territory 
known  as  Greene  County.  But  before  entering  upon  a  more  particu- 
hir  description  of  the  settlement,  and  growth  of  its  civil  and  religious 
institutions,  it  will  be  proper  to  consider  several  very  interesting 
(questions  vitally  touching  its  early  occupation.  The  manner  in 
which  the  original  inhabitants  became  dispossessed  of  the  iidieritance 
of  their  fathers,  and  were  driven  towards  the  setting  sun;  why  the 
dwellers  in  this  valley  are  English,  and  not  a  French-speaking  peo- 
ple; how  it  has  transpired  that  we  are  the  subjects  of  Pennsylvania 
rule,  and  not  of  Virginia  or  Maryland,  and,  Anally,  why  we  are  not 
the  constituent  parts  of  a  new  State  formed  out  of  western  Pennsyl- 
vania and  portions  of  West  Virginia  and  eastern  Ohio, — these  were 
living  questions  which  plagued  our  fathers,  and  were  not  settled 
without  desperate  struggles,  marked  with  slaughter,  which  may 
justly  give  to  this  county  of  Greene  the  title  of  the  ''dark  and 
bloody  ground." 


LIBRARY 


^ 


iii>toi:y  of  gkekne  county.  27 


CllAPTEU  IL 

A\  HY  Called  Indians — The  Gkandfatheks,  on  Delaw  akes — Shaw- 
NEEs — Six  Nations  or  iKoinois,  or  Mingoes — The  Tuscarokas 
— *Delawakes  Vassals — Indians'  Siiemitic  Origin — Api'lica- 
TioN  vv  Bible  Proi-iiecy — The  Indian  Sui  Generis — Charac- 
teristics— Indolent — Position  of  AVoman — The  Indian  a  Law 
To  Himself — IIis  Occupations — Tiiieyish — Patient  of  Toil 
to  Feed  Peyen(je— View  of  Columbus — Amida's  and  Bar- 
low's Expeuience^Penn's  Testimony — Bancroft's  View — The 
Stf:alth  Practiced  in  Hunting  Served  them  in  Seeking  the 
Victims  of  their  Savage  Cruelty — Brebeuf  Describes  an 
Instance  of  their  Barbarity  which  he  Beheld — Cruelty  a 
Delight — Greene  County  the  Scene  of  this  Savage  Bar- 
barity. 

TITHEN  Cohnnbus,  after  having  denionstrated  the  rotundity  of  the 
y\  earth  in  his  schcdar's  cell,  had  verified  the  truth  of  his  theory 
by  sailing  westward  in  search  of  the  farthest  east,  and  had  actually 
reached  and  discovered  the  shores  of  the  New  AVorld,  he  believed 
tliat  he  had  found  the  famed  Cathay.  Though  he  made  several  voy- 
ages, and  lived  a  number  of  vears,  he  still  thought  that  it  was  the 
Indies  he  had  found,  and  died  in  ignorance  of  the  grandeur  of  his 
discovery.  To  the  inhabitants  whom  he  found  in  the  new  country 
he  gave  the  name  of  Indians,  and,  though  wholly  inappropriate  in 
view  of  th'^.  historical  facts,  it  has  clung  to  them  through  every  vicis- 
situde of  fortune,  and  when  the  last  of  their  race  sliall  have  disap- 
peared forever  from  the  earth,  they  will  he  recorded  as  Indians. 

The  natives  who  occupied  the  greater  portion  of  that  part  of  the 
North  American  continent  now  designated  Pennsylvania,  were  known 
as  the  Lenni  Lenape,  the  original  people,  or  grandfathers.  They 
were  by  nature  fierce  and  warlike,  and  there  was  a  tradition  among 
them  that  the  Lenapes,  in  ages  quite  remote,  had  emigrated  from  be- 
yond the  Mississippi,  exterminating  or  driving  out,  as  they  came 
eastward,  a  race  far  more  civilized  than  themselves,  numerous,  and 
skilled  in  the  arts  of  peace.  That  this  country  was  once  the  abode 
of  a  more  or  less  civilized  ])eople,  accustomed  to  many  of  the  com- 
forts of  enlightened  communities,  that  they  knew  the  use  of  tools, 
and  were  numerous,  is  attested  by  remains,  thickly  studding  western 
Pennsylvania  and  the  entire  Ohio  valley;  but  whether  their  extermi- 


28  HISTORY    OF    GIIKKXK    ('OITNTY. 

nation  was  the  work  of  fiercer  tribes  than  themselves,  or  whether 
they  were  swept  otl'  by  epidemic  diseases,  or  gradually  wasted  as  the 
fate  of  a  decaying  nation,  remains  an  unsolved  problem.  The  three 
principal  tribes  of  which  the  Lenapes  were  composed, — the  Turtles  or 
(Jnamis,  the  Turkeys  or  Unalachtgos,  the  AVolfs  or  Monseys, — occu- 
pied the  eastern  portion  of  Pennsylvania,  and  claimed  the  territory 
from  the  Hudson  to  the  Potomac.  They  were  known  to  the  Englisii 
as  the  Delawares.  The  Shawnees,  a  restless  tribe  which  had  come 
up  from  the  south,  had  been  received  and  assigned  places  of  habita- 
tion- on  the  Susquehanna,  l)}-  the  Delawares,  and  finally  bec<,»nie  a 
constituent  part  of  the  Delaware  nation. 

But  the  Indian  nationality  which  more  nearly  concerns  the  sec- 
tion of  country  of  which  we  are  treating,  is  the  Six  Nations,  or  as 
they  were  designated  by  the  French,  tlie  Iroquois.  They  called 
themselves  Aquanuschioni  or  United  Tribes,  or  in  our  own  parlance, 
United  States,  and  the  Uenapes  called  them  Mingoes.  They  origi- 
nally consisted  of  five  tribes,  and  hence  were  known  as  the  Five 
Nations,  viz:  the  Senecas,  mIio  were  the  most  vigorous,  stalwart  and 
numerous;  the  Mohawks,  who  were  the  first  in  numbers  and  in  rank, 
and  to  whom  it  was  reserved  to  lead  in  war;  the  Onondagas,  who 
guarded  the  council  lire,  and  from  among  whom  the  Sachem  or  civil 
liead  of  the  confederacy  was  taken ;  the  Oneidas,  and  the  Cayugas. 
Near  the  beginning  of  the  eighteenth  century,  the  Tuscaroras,  a 
large  tribe  from  central  North  Carolina  and  \'irginia,  having  been 
expelled  from  their  former  dwelling  place,  were  adopted  by  the  Five 
Nations,  and  tlienceforward  were  known  as  the  Six  Nations.  They 
occupied  the  country  stretching  from  Lake  Chaniplain  to  Lake  Erie, 
and  from  J^ake  Ontario  and  the  river  St.  Lawrence  on  the  north,  to 
the  head  waters  of  the  Delaware,  the  Susquehanna  and  the  Allegheny 
rivers  on  the  south.  It  was  a  country  well  suited  for  defence  in 
savage  warfare,  being  guarded  on  three  sides  by  great  bodies  of  water. 
They  were  quick  to  learn  the  methods  of  civilized  warfare,  and 
securing  Hre-arms  from  the  Dutch  on  the  Hudson,  they  easily  over- 
came neighboring  hostile  tribes  whom  tliey  held  in  a  condition  of 
vassalage,  exacting  an  annual  tribute,  but  protected  them,  in  return, 
in  the  possession  of  their  rightful  hunting  grounds.  The  Lenapes.  or 
Delawares,  were  held  under  subjection  in  this  manner,  which  gave 
to  the  Six  Nations  semi-authority  over  the  whole  territory  of  the 
State  of  Pennsylvania,  and  reaching  out  into  Ohio.  This  humili- 
ating  vassalage  to  which  the  Lenapes  or  Delawai-es  were  subjected, 
had  been  imposed  upon  them  by  conquest  of  the  Iroquois;  but  the 
former  claimed  that  it  was  assumed  by  them  voluntarily,  tiiat  ''they 
had  agreed  to  act  as  mediators  and  ])eace-makers  among  the  other 
great  nations,  and  to  this  end  they  had  consented  to  lay  aside  entirely 
tlie  implements  of  war,  and  to  hold  and  to  keep  bright  the  chain  of 


IIISTOIJY    OF    GHEENE    COUXTY.  29 

peace."  It  was  the  office,  when  tribes  had  weakened  themselves  by 
desperate  conflict,  for  the  women  of  those  ti-ibes,  in  order  to  save 
their  kindred  from  utter  extermination,  to  rush  between  the  contend- 
ing warriors  and  implore  a  cessation  of  slaughter.  It  became  thus 
tlie  office  of  women  to  be  peace-makers.  The  Delawares  claimed 
that  they  had  assumed  this  office  from  principle;  but  the  Iroquois 
declared  that  it  was  a  matter  of  necessity,  and  applied  the  epithet 
•'women"  as  a  stigma,  thus  characterizing  them  as  Avanting  in  the 
<piality  of  the  braves.  The  pious  Moravian  missionary,  Ileckewelder, 
who  spent  much  time  among  them,  and  knew  their  character  well, 
believed  that  the  Delawares  were  sincere  in  their  claim,  and  from  the 
fact  that  they  had  a  great  admiration  for  William  Penn,  with  whom 
they  associated  much,  and  imbibed  his  sentiments  of  peace,  it  may  be 
that  they  came  to  hold  those  principles,  even  if  they  had  formerly 
been  conquered  in  war,  and  been  coin]ielled  to  accejit  terms  of  de- 
pendence. Gen.  Harrison,  afterwards  President  of  the  United  States, 
in  a  discourse  on  the  aborigines  of  the  valley  of  the  Ohio,  observes: 
"Even  if  Mr.  Heckewelder  has  succeeded  in  making  his  readers  be- 
lieve that  the  Delawares.  when  the}'  submitted  to  the  degradation 
proposed  to  them  by  tiieir  enemies,  were  influenced,  not  by  fear,  but 
by  the  benevolent  desire  to  put  a  stop  to  the  calamities  of  war,  he 
has  established  for  them  the  reputation  of  being  dupes.  This  is  not 
often  the  case  with  Indian  sachems.  They  are  rarely  cowards,  but 
still  more  rarely  are  they  deflcient  in  sagacity  or  discernment  to  de- 
tect any  attempt  to  im])Ose  upon  them.  I  sincerely  M'ish  I  could 
unite  with  the  worthy  German  in  removing  this  stigma  from  the 
Delawares.  A  long  and  intimate  knowledge  of  them  in  peace  and 
M'ar,  as  enemies  and  friends,  has  left  upon  my  mind  the  most  favor- 
able impressions  of  their  character  for  bravery,  generosity  and  fidelity 
to  their  engagements."'  But  whatever  may  have  been  their  original 
purposes,  or  their  subsequent  convictions,  after  their  associations 
with  Penn,  thej'  did  demand  complete  independence  of  the  Iroquois 
in  1756,  and  had  their  claims  allowed. 

Of  the  orio-in  of  tiie  Indian  race  little  is  definitely  known.  The 
Indians  themselves  had  no  tradition  and  they  had  no  writings,  coins 
or  monuments  by  which  their  history  could  be  preserved.  Ethnolo- 
gists are,  however,  well  assured  that  the  race  came  originally  from 
eastern  Asia.  Without  reciting  here  the  arguments  which  support 
this  theory,  it  is  sufficient  for  our  present  purpose  to  state,  that  it 
seems  M'ell  attested  that  the  race  has  dwelt  upon  this  continent  from 
a  period  long  anterior  to  the  Christian  era,  obtaining  a  foothold  here 
within  Ave  hundred  years  from  the  dispersion  of  the  race,  and  that 
their  physical  and  mental  peculiarities  have  become  fixed  by  ages  of 
subjection  to  climate  and  habits  of  life.  Mr.  Schoolci-aft,  who  has 
written  much   upon   Indian  history,  and   has  given  much  study  and 


30  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

thought  to  the  subject,  adduces  the  following  couisiderations  as  proof 
of  the  fuliilluieiit  of  that  prophecy  of  scripture  recorded  in  the  ninth 
chapter  of  Genesis:  "And  tlie  sons  of  ]Noah  that  went  forth  of  the 
Ark  were  IShetn,  ilara,  and  Japheth.  God  shall  enlarge  Japheth 
[Europeans]  and  he  shall  dwell  in  the  tents  of  Shem  [Indians  |  and 
Canaan  [Negro]  shall  be  his  servant." 

"Assuming,"  says  Schoolcraft,  "the  Indian  tribes  to  be  of  Shem- 
itic  origin,  which  is  generally  conceded,  they  were  met  on  this  conti- 
nent in  14U2,  by  the  Japhet-ic  race,  after  the  two  stocks  had  passed 
around  the  globe  by  directly  different  routes.  AVithin  a  few  years 
subseqnent  to  this  event,  as  is  well  attested  the  humane  influence  of 
an  eminent  Spanish  ecclesiastic,  led  to  the  calling  over  from  the  coast 
of  Africa,  of  the  Ilam-itic  branch.  As  a  mere  historical  qnestion, 
and  without  mingling  it  in  the  slightest  degree  with  any  other,  the 
resnlt  of  three  centuries  of  occupancy  has  been  a  series  of  movements 
in  all  the  colonial  stocks,  south  and  north,  by  which  Japhet  has  been 
immeasurably  enlarged  on  the  continent,  while  the  called  and  not 
voluntary  sons  of  ilam,  have  endured  a  servitude,  in  the  wide 
stretching  valleys  of  tlie  tents  of  Shem." 

The  Indian,  as  he  was  found  upon  this  continent  when  flrst  vis- 
ited by  the  European,  was  verj'  different  in  form,  features,  mental 
constitution,  and  habits  from  the  latter,  and  apparently  nnalterably 
different  from  any  other  race.  But  while  they  were  thus  unlike 
other  races,  there  was  found  to  be  a  strong  resemblance  in  all  essen- 
tial elements  in  all  the  various  tribes  and  nationalities  of  their  own 
race.  The  color  of  the  skin  was  of  a  reddish  brown,  their  hair  was 
black,  straight,  stiff,  not  plentiful,  and  the  males  had  scarcely  any 
beard ;  the  jaw-bone  was  large,  the  cheek-bone  high  and  prominent, 
and  the  forehead  high,  square  and  prominent  above  the  eyes,  show- 
ing a  large  development  of  the  perceptive  faculties;  but  narrow,  and 
sloping  backward  at  the  top,  showing  defective  reasoning  powers. 
The  person,  unincumbered  with  the  clothing  common  to  a  fashionable 
age  in  civilized  countries,  was  erect,  well  developed,  and  in  movement 
quick,  lithe,  and  gracefuL 

Dr.  Spencer,  in  his  chapter  on  the  characteristics  of  the  Indians, 
has  given  the  following  graphic  account  of  them:  ''Their  intellect- 
ual faculties  were  more  limited,  and  their  moral  sensibilities,  from 
want  of  cultivation,  less  lively.  They  seemed  to  be  characterized  by 
an  inflexibility  of  organization,  which  rendered  them  almost  incapa- 
ble of  receiving  foreign  ideas,  or  amalgamating  with  more  civilized 
nations — constituting  them,  in  short,  a  people  that  might  be  broken, 
but  could  not  be  bent.  This  peculiar  organization,  too,  together 
with  the  circumstances  in  which  they  were  placed,  moulded  the 
character  of  their  domestic  and  social  condition.  Their  dwellings 
were  of  the  simplest  and  rudest  character.  On  some  pleasant  spot 
by  the   banks  of  a   river  or  near  a  sweet  spring,  they  raised  their 


nisTOKY  OF  gkep:ne  county.  si 

groups  of  wigwams,  constructed  of  the  barks  of  trees,  and  easily 
taken  down  and  removed  to  another  spot.  The  abodes  of  the  chiefs 
were  sonietimes  more  spacious,  and  constructed  with  care,  but  of  the 
same  materials.  Their  villages  were  sometimes  surrounded  bj  de- 
fensive palisades.  Skins  taken  in  the  chase,  served  them  for  repose. 
Though  principally  dependent  upon  hunting  and  fishing,  its  uncer- 
tain supply  had  led  them  to  cultivate  around  their  dwellings  some 
patches  of  maize;  but  their  exertions  were  desultory,  and  they  were 
often  exposed  to  the  severity  of  famine.  Every  family  did  every- 
thing necessary  within  itself;  and  interchange  of  articles  of  commerce 
was  hardly  at  all  known  among  them." 

The  Indian  is  by  nature  and  habit  indolent — as  --lazy  as  he  can 
be."  To  take  up  a  tract  of  land,  build  himself  a  house  with  the 
conveniencies  and  privacies  of  civilized  home  life,  clear  away  the 
heavy  forests  which  incnmber  it,  plough  and  cultivate  the  sodden 
acres,  fence  in  the  many  fields,  dig  for  himself  a  well,  get  and  care 
for  flocks  and  herds,  and  lay  up  for  himself  and  faniilj-  abundant  sup- 
plies of  the  prodncts  of  the  soil,  would  have  been  to  entail  upon 
him  insufferable  misery,  and  rather  than  undertake  the  first  stroke  of 
such  a  life  of  toil,  he  would  rather  end  it  at  once.  He  believed  that 
the  fish  of  the  stream,  the  fowls  of  the  air,  tlie  beasts  of  the  field, 
and  the  land  where  he  should  stretch  his  wigwam,  were  as  free  and 
open  to  appropriation  as  the  air  we  breathe,  or  the  waters  that  run 
sparkling  in  abundance  to  the  sea.  They  ridiculed  the  idea  of 
fencing  a  field,  and  depriving  any  who  desired  the  use  of  it.  The 
strong  dominated  over  the  weak.  The  male  assumed  superiority  over 
the  female,  and  made  her  in  reality  his  slave.  Ills  grunt  was  law"  to 
her,  and  if  he  started  upon  a  journey  she  must  trot  after,  bearing  the 
infant,  if  she  have  one,  and  the  burdens.  If  crops  were  to  be  planted, 
and  cultivated,  and  gathered,  it  was  by  the  sweat  of  her  brow  that  it 
must  be  done.  She  must  gather  the  fuel  for  the  fire,  weave  the  mat 
on  which  to  set  and  sleep,  fashion  the  basket  and  decorate  it  with 
fanciful  colors.  She  was  in  short  little  less  than  the  abject  and 
degraded  slave. 

Of  the  more  special  occupations  of  the  men  Dr.  Spencer  has 
given  the  following  interesting  picture:  "  In  cases  of  dispute  and 
dissension,  each  Indian  held  to  the  right  of  retaliation,  and  relied  on 
himself  almost  always  to  effect  his  revenge  for  injuries  received. 
Blood  for  blood  was  the  rule,  and  the  relatives  of  the  slain  man  M'ere 
bound  to  obtain  bloody  revenge  for  his  death.  This  principle  gave 
rise,  as  a  matter  of  course,  to  innumerable  and  bitter  feuds,  and  wars 
of  extermination,  where  that  Avas  possible.  War,  indeed,  rather  than 
peace,  and  the  arts  of  peace,  was  the  Indian's  glory  and  delight;  war, 
not  conducted  on  the  scale  of  more  civilized,  if  not  more  Christian- 
like people;  but  war  where  individual  skill,  endurance,  gallantry  and 


32  IIISTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

cruelty  were  prime  requisites.  For  such  a  purpose  as  revenge  the 
Indian  was  capable  of  making  vast  sacrifices,  and  displayed  a  patience 
and  perseverance  truly  heroic;  but  when  the  excitement  was  over,  he 
sunk  back  into  a  listless,  nnoccupied,  well-nigh  useless  savage.  The 
intervals  of  his  more  exciting  pursuits  the  Indian  tilled  up  in  the 
decoration  of  his  person  with  all  the  relinements  of  paints  and  feath- 
ers, with  the  manufacture  of  his  arms — the  club,  the  bow  and  ar- 
rows— and  of  canoes  of  bark,  so  liglit  that  they  could  easily  be  car- 
ried on  the  shoulder  from  stream  to  stream.  His  amusements  were 
the  war  dance  and  song,  and  athletic  games,  the  narration  of  his  ex- 
ploits, and  listening  to  the  oratory  of  the  chiefs.  But,  during  long 
periods  of  his  existence,  he  remained  in  a  state  of  torpor,  gazing 
listlessly  upon  the  trees  of  the  forest,  and  the  clouds  that  sailed  far 
above  his  head;  and  this  vacancy  imprinted  an  habitual  gravity  and 
even  melancholy  upon  his  aspect  and  general  deportment." 

The  Indian  was  thievish  to  the  last  degree,  indeed  this  seems  to 
have  been  as  much  a  temper  of  his  mind  as  indolence  was  of  his 
body.  The  disposition  to  take  that  which  did  not  belong  to  him 
may  have  in  a  measure  resulted  from  his  belief  in  the  common  prop- 
erty of  water  and  air,  and  land,  the  beast  and  fowl  that  swarm  upon 
its  surface,  and  the  iish  that  dart  in  its  streams.  It  seems  to  him  no 
sin  to  steal.  Among  the  iirst  colonies  sent  out  from  England  to 
colonize  the  American  coast  an  Indian  was  discovered  to  have  stolen 
a  silver  cup.  The  punishment,  inflicted  by  the  inconsiderate  colo- 
nists of  burning  their  villages,  and  destroying  their  growing  crops, 
provoked  a  revenge  which  resulted  in  the  utter  annihilation  of  the 
colony  and  engendered  a  hatred  which  many  subsequent  colonists 
felt  the  force  of,  and  which  inherited  from  generation  to  generation, 
seems  never  to  have  been  worn  out  of  the  savage  mind. 

The  Indians  of  North  America,  as  they  were  found  upon  the 
arrival  of  Europeans,  could  not  be  said  to  have  been  under  the  gov- 
ernment of  law.  If  an  Indian  had  suffered  an  injury  or  an  insult, 
he  took  it  upon  himself  to  avenge  without  the  forms  of  proof  to  fix 
the  guilt,  and  if  he  was  killed  in  the  quarrel  his  nearest  relatives 
felt  themselves  obliged  to  take  up  the  avengetnent.  Thus  from  the 
merest  trifle  the  most  deadly  feuds  arose  by  Mdiich  the  population 
was  visibly  diminished.  The  warrior  chiefs  among  them  became 
such  by  superior  skill  or  cunning,  and  not  by  any  rule  of  hereditary 
decent,  or  majority  of  voices.  Matters  of  public  interest  were  dis- 
cussed in  public  assemblies  of  the  whole  people,  in  which  all  were 
free  to  join.  Decisions  were  generally  in  favor  of  him  who  could 
work  most  powerfully  upon  the  feelings  of  his  audience,  either  by 
his  native  eloquence  or  by  appeals  to  their  superstition,  by  which 
they  were  easily  moved.  The  man  who  pretended  to  be  the  repre- 
sentative of  the  Great  Spirit,  had  a  great  influence  over  them,  and 


IIISTOUY    OF    GllEENE    COUNTY.  33 

ill  cases  of  sickness  lie  was  appealed  to  as  a  last  resort.  It  has  been 
observed  above  that  the  Indian  was  naturally  lazy.  To  that  assertion 
one  exception  should  be  made.  To  carry  out  his  purpose  of  re- 
venge the  Indian  was  capable  of  making  sacriiices,  enduring  hardships, 
and  undergoing  sutterings  unsurpassed  by  the  most  daring  of  the 
human  race.  To  gratify  his  thirst  for  revenge,  he  would  make  long 
and  exhausting  marches,  with  scant  food,  subsisting  upon  the  bark 
of  trees,  the  roots  of  the  forest,  and  such  random  game  as  he  might 
come  upon,  would  lie  in  wait  for  his  victims  for  hours  and  days 
enduring  untold  suffering. 

It  is  curious  to  observe  the  impression  which  the  natives  made 
upon  the  first  European  visitants  to  these  shores,  Columbus  in  his 
report  to  Ferdinand  and  Isabella  after  his  lirst  voyage,  said:  "I 
swear  to  your  majesties,  that  there  is  not  a  better  people  in  the  world 
than  these,  more  affectionate,  affable,  or  mild.  They  love  their 
neighbors  as  themselves;  their  language  is  the  sweetest  and  the 
softest,  and  the  most  cheerful,  for  they  always  speak  smiling,  and 
although  they  go  naked,  let  your  majesties  believe  me,  their  customs 
are  very  becoming,  and  their  king  who  is  served  with  great  majesty, 
has  such  engaging  manners,  that  it  gives  great  pleasure  to  see  him, 
and  also  to  consider  the  great  retentive  faculty  of  that  people,  and 
their  desire  of  knowledge,  which  incites  them  to  ask  the  causes  of 
things."  If  these  were  the  real  sentiments  of  Columbus,  we  are 
forced  to  believe  that  he  had  never  seen  an  Indian  in  his  war-paint 
and  feathers,  and  that  he  had  seen  the  Shylock  who  had  money  to 
lend,  and  not  the  Shylock  who  was  exacting  the  penalty  of  the  for- 
feited bond. 

The  adventurers  whom  Sir  Walter  Raleigh  sent  out  for  discovery 
and  settlement,  Amidas  and  I)arlow,  gave  a  graphic  report  of  their 
impressions  of  the  natives  upon  their  return,  which  Ilakluyt  has 
preserved  in  his  annals:  ''The  soile  is  the  most  plentifull,  sweete, 
fruitfuU  and  wholesome,  of  all  the  worlde;  there  are  above  fourteene 
severall  sweete  smelling  timber  trees,  and  the  most  part  of  their 
underwoods  are  bayes  and  such  like;  they  have  such  oakes  that  we 
have,  but  farre  greater  and  better.  After  they  had  been  divers  times 
aboard  our  shippes  myselfe,  with  seven  more  went  twentie  mile 
into  the  river  that  runneth  towards  the  citie  of  Shicoak,  which  riv^er 
they  call  Occam;  and  the  evening  following  we  came  to  an  island, 
which  they  call  Roanoke,  distant  from  the  harbor  by  which  we  entered 
seven  leagues;  and  at  the  north  end  thereof  w^as  a  village  of  nine 
houses,  built  of  cedar,  and  fortified  round  about  with  sharpe  trees  to 
keep  out  their  enimies,  and  the  entrance  into  it  made  like  a  turnpike 
very  artificially;  when  we  came  towards  it,  standing  neere  unto  the 
waters'  side,  the  wife  of  Granganimo,  the  king's  brother,  came  run- 
ning out  to  nieete  us  very  cheerfully  and  friendly;  her  husband  was 


34  HISTORY    OF    GHKENE    COUNTY. 

not  then  in  tlie  village;  some  of  her  people  shee  commanded  todrawe 
our  boate  on  shore,  for  the  beating  of  tlie  billoe,  others  she  appointed 
to  carry  us  on  their  backes  to  the  dry  ground,  and  others  to  bring 
our  oares  into  the  house  for  feare  of  stealing.  When  we  Avere  come 
into  the  utter  room,  having  live  rooms  in  her  house,  she  caused  us  to 
sit  down  b}'  a  great  iire,  and  after  tooke  off  our  choathes,  and  washed 
them,  and  dried  them  againe;  some  of  the  women  plucked  off  our 
stockings,  and  washed  them,  some  washed  our  feete  in  warm  water, 
and  she  herself  tooke  great  paines  to  see  all  things  ordered  in  the 
l)est  manner  she  could,  making  greate  haste  to  dresse  some  meate  for 
us  to  eate.  After  we  had  thus  dried  ourselves  she  brought  us  intt> 
this  inner  roome,  where  shee  set  on  the  boord  standing  along  the 
house,  some  wheate  like  fermentie;  sodden  venison  and  roasted;  tish, 
sodden,  boyled,  and  roasted;  melons,  rawe  and  sodden;  rootes  of 
divers  kinds;  and  divers  fruits.  Their  drink  is  commonly  water, 
but  while  the  grape  lasteth,  they  driidce  wine,  and  for  want  of  caskes 
to  keepe  it,  all  the  yere  after  they  drink  water,  but  it  sodden  with 
ginger  in  it,  and  black  sinnamon,  and  sumetimes  sassaphras,  and 
divers  other  wholesome,  and  medicinable  hearbes  and  trees.  We 
were  entertained  with  all  love  and  kindnesse,  and  with  as  much 
bountie,  after  their  manner  as  they  could  possibly  devise.  We 
;ound  the  people  most  gentle,  loving,  and  faithfull,  voide  of  all  guile 
and  treason,  and  such  as  live  after  the  manner  of  the  golden  age. 
The  people  onely  care  to  defend  themselves  from  the  cold  in  their 
short  winter,  and  to  feed  themselves  with  such  meat  as  the  soile 
aftbreth;  their  meat  is  very  well  sodden,  and  they  make  broth  very 
sweet  and  savorie;  their  vessels  are  earthen  pots,  very  large,  white, 
and  sweete;  their  dishes  are  wooden  platters  of  sweet  timber.  With- 
in the  place  where  they  feede  was  their  lodging,  and  within  that 
their  idoll,  which  they  worship,  of  whom  they  speak  incredible  things. 
While  we  were  at  meate,  there  came  in  at  the  gates  two  or  three 
men  with  their  bowes  and  arrowes  from  hunting,  whom,  when  we 
espied,  we  began  to  looke  one  towards  another,  and  offered  to  reach 
our  weapons;  but  as  soone  as  she  espied  our  mistrust,  she  was  very- 
much  moved,  and  caused  some  of  her  men  to  runne  out,  and  take 
away  their  bowes  and  arrowes  and  breake  them,  and  withall  beate  the 
poore  fellowes  out  of  the  gate  againe.  When  we  departed  in  the 
evening,  and  would  not  tarry  all  night,  she  was  very  sor}^  and  gave 
us  into  our  boate  our  supper  half  dressed  pottes  and  all,  and  brought 
us  to  our  boateside,  in  which  we  lay  all  night,  removing  the  same  a 
prettie  distance  from  the  shore;  she  perceiving  our  jelousie,  was 
much  grieved,  and  sent  divers  men  and  thirtie  women,  to  sit  all 
night  on  the  bank-side  by  us,  and  sent  into  our  boates  five  mattes  to 
cover  us  from  the  raine,  using  very  many  wordes  to  entreate  us  to 
rest  in  their  houses;  luit  because  we  were  fewe  men,  and  if  we  had 


HISTORY    OK    GREENE    COUNTY.  37 

niiscaiTied  the  voyage  had  beeiie  in  very  great  danger,  we  diirt't  nut 
adventure  anything,  althougli  there  was  no  cause  of  doubt,  for  a  more 
kinde  and  loving  peoj)le  there  cannot  he  found  in  the  workle,  as  far 
as  we  have  hitherto  liad  triaU.  " 

Though  given  liere  at  some  length,  this  passage  from  the  records 
of  the  faithful  llakluyt  is  very  valuable  as  picturing  the  life  of  the 
simple  Indians,  and  their  temper  towards  the  early  European  voy- 
agers, before  their  minds  had  been  soured  by  injury  and  wrong  which 
careless  and  brutal  colonists  subsequently  visited  upon  them;  and  it 
may  well  be  questioned  whether,  they  would  not  have  remained-friend- 
ly  and  loving  as  here  desin'ibed  had  they  received  loving  and  (Chris- 
tian treatment  in  return.  It  is  possible  that  such  relations  might 
have  been  preserved  with  the  natives,  that  the  tales  of  blood  and  sav- 
agery which  form  a  dark  page  in  the  early  history  of  Greene  County 
would  never  have  had  occasion  to  be  recorded.  Certain  it  is  that 
the  redmen  have  had  great  ])rovocati()n,  and  have  received  most  in- 
human and  unchristian  treatment  at  the  hands  of  the  pale  face. 

The  relations  of  William  Penn  with  the  savages  was  difterent  from 
those  of  any  other  European.  He  really  believed  them  bretln-en  in 
the  true  scripture  sense,  and  treated  them  as  such.  Hence  his  view 
of  the  Indian  character  would  naturally  be  more  favorable  to  them 
than  if  regarded  through  prejudiced  eyes.  "For  their  persons,"  he 
says,  "they  are  generall}'^  tall,  straight,  well  built,  and  of  singular 
proportion.  They  tread  strong  and  clever,  and  mostly  walk  with  a 
lofty  chin.  Their  language  is  lofty,  yet  narrow;  but,  like  tlie  Ile- 
brew,  in  signification,  full.  If  an  Euro[)ean  conies  to  see  them,  or 
calls  for  lodging  at  tlieir  house  or  wigwam,  they  give  him  the  best 
place  and  tirst  cut.  If  they  come  to  visit  us,  they  salute  us  with  an 
'Itah!'  which  is  as  much  as  to  say  'Good  be  to  you  I'  and  set  them 
down,  which  is  mostly  on  the  ground,  close  to  their  heels,  their  legs 
upright.  It  may  be  they  speak  not  a  word,  but  observe  all  ])assages. 
If  you  give  them  anything  to  eat  or  drink,  well,  for  they  will  not 
ask;  and  be  it  little  or  much,  if  it  be  with  kindness,  they  are  well 
pleased;  else  they  go  away  sullen,  but  say  nothing." 

"In  lil)erality,"  he  says,  "they  excel;  nothing  is  too  good  for 
their  friend;  give  them  a  tine  gun,  coat  or  other  thing,  it  may  pass 
twenty  hands  before  it  sticks;  light  of  heart,  strong  affections,  but 
soon  spent.  The  most  merry  creatures  that  live,  feast  and  dance  per- 
petually; they  never  have  much  nor  want  much;  wealth  circulateth 
like  the  blood;  all  parts  partake;  and  though  none  shall  want  what 
another  hath,  yet  exact  observers  of  property.  Some  kings  have 
sold,  others  presented  me  with  several  parcels  of  land;  the  pay,  or 
presents  I  made  them  were  not  hoarded  by  their  particular  owners; 
but  the  neighboring  kings  and  their  clans  being  present  when  the 
goods  were  brought  out,  the  parties  chiefly  concerned  consulted  what. 


38  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

find  to  wlioin,  they  would  give  tlit'in.  To  every  king  then,  by  the 
liaiids  of  a  person  for  that  work  M]ij)ointe«l,  is  a  proportion  sent,  so 
sorted  and  folded,  and  \vith  that  gravity  that  is  admirable.  Then 
the  king  subdivideth  it,  in  like  manner,  among  his  dependants,  they 
hardly  leaving  themselves  an  equal  share  with  one  of  their  subjects; 
and  l)e  it  on  such  occasions  as  festivals,  or  at  their  common  meals, 
the  kings  distribute  and  to  themselves  last.  They  care  for  little  be- 
cause they  want  little,  and  the  reason  is  a  little  contents  them.  '"  *  '" 
We  swgat  and  toil  to  live;  their  pleasure  feeds  them;  I  mean  their 
hunting,  lishing  and  fowling,  and  their  table  is  spread  everywhere. 
They  eat  twice  a  day,  morning  and  evening;  their  seats  and  table  are 
the  ground.  Since  the  Europeans  came  into  these  parts,  they  are 
grown  great  lovers  of  strong  liquors,  rum  especially,  and  for  it  ex- 
change the  richest  of  their  skins  and  furs.  If  they  are  heated  with 
liquors,  they  are  restless  till  they  have  enough  to  sleep;  that  is  their 
cry,  'Some  more  and  I  will  go  to  sleep;'  l)ut  when  drunk,  one  of  the 
most  wretched  spectacles  in  the  worhl.'' 

Jjancroft,  in  his  elaborate  chapter  on  the  lialnts  and  customs  of 
the  Indians,  says:  "During  the  mild  season  there  may  have  been 
little  suffering.  But  thrift  was  wanting;  the  stores  collected  by  the 
industry  of  the  women  was  squandered  in  festivities.  The  hospitality 
of  the  Indian  has  rarely  lieen  questioned.  The  stranger  enters  iiis 
cabin,  by  day  or  by  night,  without  asking  leave,  and  is  entertained 
as  freely  as  a  thrush  or  a  black-bird  that  regales  himself  on  the 
luxuries  of  the  fruitful  grove.  He  will  take  his  own  rest  abroad, 
that  he  may  give  up  his  own  skin,  or  mat  of  sedge,  to  his  guest. 
Nor  is  the  traveler  questioned  as  to  the  purpose  of  his  visit;  he 
chooses  his  own  time  freely  to  deliver  liis  message." 

We  may  gather  from  the  testimony  of  those  who  earliest 
encountered  them,  what  were  some  of  the  most  marked  of  the  charac- 
teristics. Of  the  stealth  of  the  Indian  in  creeping  upon  his  victim 
unawares,  and  the  laying  in  wait  foi-  him  in  some  M'ell-chosen  am- 
buscade, we  may  look  for  the  cause  in  the  necessity  he  was  under  of 
practicing  these  qualities  in  the  pursuit  of  his  game.  From  child- 
hood he  was  taught  to  move  noiselessly  through  the  forest  lest  by 
the  breaking  of  a  twig  he  put  to  flight  the  coveted  game  for  lack  of 
which  he  was  perhaps  starving.  The  same  noiseless  tread  with  which 
he  approached  the  pool  where  spoi-ted  the  finny  tribe,  and  came  un- 
noticed upon  the  wild  fowl,  was  practiced  in  seeking  out  the  victims 
of  his  revenge,  or  putting  to  the  torture  his  prisoners  of  war.  Of 
the  barbarity  practiced  upon  the  latter,  in  no  part  of  the  liuman  race 
is  it  equalled.  Brebeuf  has  described  it  in  all  its  horrors,  as  recorded 
by  Bancroft:  "On  the  way  to  the  cabins  of  his  conquerors,  the 
hands  of  an  Iroquois  prisoner  were  crushed  between  stones,  his 
lingers  torn  oft'  or   mutilated,  the  joints  of  his  arms  scorched  and 


niSTOKY    OF    GKEENE    COUNTV.  ,S9 

gashed,  while  lie  himself  preserved  his  tranquility,  and  sang  the 
songs  of  his  nation.  Arriving  at  the  homes  of  his  conquerors,  all 
the  cabins  I'egaled  him,  and  a  young  girl  was  bestowed  upon  him,  to 
be  the  wife  of  his  captivity  and  the  cojnpanion  of  his  last  loves. 
*  -:;-  -;;-  'p^  ^]^g  crowd  of  his  guests  he  declared:  'My  brothers,  1 
am  going  to  die;  make  merry  around  me  with  good  heart;  I  am  a 
man;  I  fear  neither  death  nor  your  torments;'  and  he  sang  aloud. 
The  feast  being  ended,  he  was  conducted  to  the  cabin  of  blood.  They 
place  him  on  a  mat,  and  bind  his  hands;  he  rises  and  dances  around 
the  cabin,  chanting  his  death  song.  At  eight  in  the  evening  eleven 
tires  had  been  kindled,  and  these  are  hedged  in  by  files  uf  spectators. 
The  young  men  selected  to  be  the  actors  are  exhorted  to  do  well,  for 
their  deeds  would  be  gratefid  to  Areskoui,  the  powei-ful  war  god.  A 
war  chief  strips  the  prisoner,  shows  him  naked  to  the  people,  and 
assigns  their  otiice  to  the  tormentors.  Then  ensued  a  scene  the  most 
horrible;  torments  lasted  till  after  sunrise,  when  the  wretched  victim, 
bruised,  gashed,  mutilated,  half  roasted  and  scalped,  was  carried  out 
of  the  village  and  hacked  in  pieces." 

From  the  venerable  sachem  to  the  infant  in  arms,  the  aged  mother 
to  the  tender  maiden,  by  all  the  tribe  was  this  torture  of  the  captive 
beheld.  It  was  an  occasion  of  feasting  and  rejoicing.  The  greater 
the  ])ower  of  endurance  of  the  victim  and  the  more  fierce  and  ter- 
rible the  torture  invented  the  more  exquisite  the  enjoyment  of  the 
spectators.  To  add  a  pang  to  the  sufferer  was  a  subject  of  congratu- 
lation to  the  one  who  inflicted  it.  Often  the  greatest  refinement  of 
cruelty  was  devised  and  inflicted  by  the  women.  And  Avhen  the  last 
pang  had  been  eiulured  and  all  was  over  they  feasted  upon  the 
victim's  flesh. 

Further  on  in  this  work  some  account  will  be  given  of  deeds  of 
l)lood  perpetrated  by  the  savages  in  this  county.  From  the  evidence 
which  has  now  been  adduced  some  conception  of  the  ])rimary  char- 
acter of  the  natives  can  be  formed,  and  an  idea  entertained  of  those 
qualities  of  mind  and  heart  which  could  prompt  them  to  the  mid- 
night murdering  and  deeds  of  savagery  which  were  to  them  a  favorite 
trade. 


40  HISTOKY    OF    GREEN?]    OOTTNTY 


CHAPTER  111. 

Orkhxal  Settlement  Upon  the  Continent  by  Europeans — Ponce 
UE  Leon  in  Floeida^ — Vasc^uez  de  Ayllon  Seizing  Natives  for 
Slaves — De  Soto  Dh^covees  the  Mississippi — Voyages  of  Vek- • 
razzani — Jaques  Carter — Champlain  in  Canada — His  Ex- 
pedition Against  the  Iroquois  —  Mar<2Uette  and  Jolip:t 
Voyage  to  the  Mississippi- — Map  of  Country — Death  of 
Marquettp: — IIemarksofHildreth  and  Charlevoix — La  Salle 
Pushes  Explorations  on  the  Mississipi'i — Takes  Formal  Pos- 
sp:ssion  of  the  Piver  and  Lands  it  ])rains — Possibilities  of 
Greene  County — England  Colonizes — Early'  Attempts  Abor- 
tive— Grants  OF  James  I — Settlement  of  Jamestoavn  and  Ply- 
mouth— The  Dutch  on  the  Delaware — By  What  Right  Had 
European  Possessions  on  This  Continent — A  Fruitful  Country 
Unused — A  Savage  and  Barbaric  Peoi-le  Encumber  It — 
Observations  of  Justuje  Story- -Decision  of  Chief  Justice 
Marshall — The  Injustice  Rankled  in  the  1>reasts  of  the 
Savages. 

Aroused  by  the  roseute  iiccouuts  given  by  (yolunil)us  and  the  com- 
panioHs  of  his  voyage  of  discovery  in  1492,  which  was  spread 
broadcast  over  Europe  by  the  art  of  printing  just  then  brought  into 
use,  tlie  Sovereigns  of  three  Eur(_ipean  nations,  at  that  time  most 
puissant,  encouraged  their  subjects  to  make  voyages  of  discovery  and 
issued  patents  empowering  them  to  take  possession  of  such  portions 
of  the  main  land  in  the  JS'ew  AVorld,  and  the  contiguous  islands  of 
the  sea,  as  they  n]ig]it  visit  and  explore.  Spain,  having  tlirough 
Ferdinand  and  IsabeHa,  patronized  the  great  discoverer,  took  the  lead, 
assuming  a  preemption  right  to  the  continent,  by  virtue  of  discovery, 
and  Cortes  and  Pizzaro  did  their  work  of  shiughter  and  extermination 
upon  weaker  and  inoffensive'  {^copies,  innocent  of  any  crimes  against 
their  oppressors. 

Juan  Ponce  de  Leon,  who  had  been  a  companion  of  Columbus, 
having  heard  of  a  miraculous  fountain  up^i  the  mainland  whose 
waters  could  impart  life  and  ])erpetual  youth,  eager  to  bathe  in  the 
healing  stream,  sailed  on  the  3d  of  March,  1512,  in  quest  of  it.  It 
M'as  the  season,  when,  in  that  far  southern  clime,  the  whole  land  was 
bursting  into  blossom,  and,  as  he  coasted  along  a  great  country  pre- 
senting one  mass  of  bloom,  he  thought  indeed,  he  had  found  the 
land  of  perpetual  life,  and,  accordingly,  named   it  Florida.     But  the 


HISTORY    OF    GREP:NE    COUNTY.  41 

weather  was  telupestuous,  and  returning  to  the  AVest  Indies,  he 
songlit,  and  obtained  from  Charles  V.,  of  Spain,  anthoi-ity  to  take 
and  govern  the  conntry;  but  upon  his  second  expedition  he  found  the 
natives  liostile,  and  u]>oii  giving  battle  wasniortaiiy  wounded  and  re- 
turned to  the  Islands  to  die. 

Yasquez  de  Ayllon,  in  quest  oi'  shives  to  work  in  the  mines  of 
Mexico,  came  upon  this  coast,  and  having  enticed  numbers  of 
natives  on  board  his  vessels,  perfidiously  sailed  away;  but  one  of  his 
ships  was  lost  in  a  storm,  and  the  natives,  who  survived,  disdaining 
to  work,  i-efused  to  eat,  and  died  miserably  of  starvation.  Xot  satis- 
lied  with  his  experience,  de  A^dlon  obtained  authority  from  Charles 
V.  to  conquer  and  govern  the  country,  and  in  1525  again  set  sail 
with  his  colonists.  But  now  he  found  his  tactics  reversed;  for  the 
natives  were  the  enticers,  and  having  invited  the  i)o(lyof'  the  visitants 
to  a  feast  gave  them  to  slaughter  and  destruction.  Again  in  1528, 
Pamphilo  de  Narvaez  with  Alvar  de  Yacca  and  four  luuulred  colon- 
ists sailed  for  Tampa  Ba)';  but  after  tiruitless  wanderings  by  sea  and 
land  in  which  the  leader  was  lost,  de  Yacca  made  his  escape  with 
l)ut  four  of  his  coni])anions  alive,  having  s]>ent  ten  years  in  fruitless 
search  for  gold  and  b-iot}'.  In  his  adventures  he  had  traversed  the 
whole  southern  border  of  what  is  now  the  United  States,  crossed  the 
Mississippi,  bent  his  steps  onward  to  the  Rocky  Mountains,  gladly 
performing  the  offices  of  a  slave  for  sustenance  and  the  poor  l)0on  of 
life,  and  arrived  at  last  in  JNlexico,  whence  he  returned  to  Spain. 
Undismayed  by  the  ill-fortune  of  others,  and  thirsting  for  riches, 
which  he  might  have  for  the  seizing,  Hernando  de  Soto,  invested 
with  the  patent  of  power  and  the  title  of  Governor  General  of  Cuba 
and  Florida,  with  about  a  thousand  followers  in  ten  vessels,  set 
sail  in  1539  well  armed,  and  ])rovided  with  the  implements  of  mining, 
even  to  bloodhounds  for  capturing  slaves,  and  chains  for  securing 
them.  The  first  night  on  shore  he  was  attacked  by  the  Indians 
lying  in  wait  for  him,  and  driven  in  disgrace  to  his  ships.  Return- 
ing to  the  land  he  commenced  even  wider  search  than  de  Yacca  ,and 
after  three  years  of  toilsome  and  fruitless  wanderings,  and  incessant 
conflicts  with  Indians,  having  crossed  the  Mississippi  and  reached 
the  great  plains  where  grazed  the  countless  herds  of  buffalo,  final- 
ly, broken  and  dispirited  at  finding  neither  the  wealth  of  gold  which 
he  sought,  nor  the  empire  which  he  coveted,  he  died,  and  the  waters  of 
the  Mississippi  roll  perpetually  above  his  bones.  Having  but  one 
purpose,  tljat  of  escape  from  this  hated  country,  his  surviving  fol- 
lowers floated  down  the  river,  and  retired  to  Spanish  settlements  in 
Mexico.  Thus  ended  miserably  the  greatest  expedition  hitherto 
attempted  upon  the  Florida  coast.  For  a  score  or  more  of  years 
religionists  from  Spain  and  France  attempted  permanent  lodgeinent 
upcn  this  territory,  in  which  the  town  of  St.  Augustine  was  founded, 


42  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

at  present  the  oldest  town  in  the  United  States.  'But  instead  of 
practicing  the  mild  and  gentle  precepts  of  their  Master,  they  were 
torn  bj  mortal  feuds,  and  a  large  proportion  perished  in  their  deadly 
and  treacherous  conflcts. 

Thus,  of  the  vast  sums  of  money  expended  and  hardships  en- 
dured, in  whicli  the  greater  portion  of  the  southern  half  of  our 
country  was  overrun,  and  perpetual  and  wasting  warfare  for  a 
(juarter  of  a  century  was  prosecuted  with  the  natives,  nothing  good 
or  lasting  was  the  result,  though  there  was  exhibited  a  resolution  and 
unconquerable  spirit  by  those  proud  cavaliers  who  went  forth  clad  in 
their  habiliaments  of  silk,  rejoicing  in  their  trailing  plumes  and 
glitteriug  armor,  truly  worthy  of  a  better  cause.  They  expected  to 
lind  great  nations  overflowing  with  gold  and  precious  treasures,  whom 
they  could  easily  overcome  and  despoil,  where  they  might  set  up  a 
kingdom.  Unhappily  for  them  they  found  no  such  people;  the  gold 
they  coveted  existed  only  in  their  own  heated  imagination,  and  the 
empire  which  they  hoped  to  fond  vanished  like  the  mists  of  the  valley 
before  the  breath  of  a  summer  morn.  Their  cause  was  the  cause  of 
the  gambler  and  the  freebooter  in  every  country  and  in  every  age, 
and  the  lesson  is  one  which  the  race  may  well  take  to  heart. 

Of  the  great  European  iiations.  France  was  the  next  to  send  out 
colonies  to  take  possession  of,  and  settle  the  American  continent. 
Moved  by  a  knowledge  of  the  misfortunes  which  had  attended  Span- 
ish settlements  far  to  the  south,  the  French  sought  a  far  northern 
latitude,  and  though  on  the  same  parallel  as  Paris,  was  swept  T)y 
blizzards,  and  bound  in  icy  fetters  such  as  were  wholly  unknown  in 
sunny  France.  This  very  circumstance  may  have  defeated  the  en- 
tire French  plans  of  colonization,  and  changed  tlie  whole  course  of 
empire  upon  this  continent.  For  the  French  possessed,  in  an  eminent 
degree,  the  spirit  of  colonization,  and  were  eager  to  push  plans  of 
empire.  Flad  the  first  adventurers  seated  themselves  upon  the  Po- 
tomac or  the  James,  or  along  the  shores  of  tlie  Cai'olinas,  they  would 
have  found  so  genial  a  climate  and  similar  to  their  own,  that  they 
would  have  gained  so  firm  a  foothold  and  so  long  in  advance  of  the 
English,  that  they  would  probably  not  liave  been  supplanted. 

The  state  of  navigation  at  this  time  was  so  ci'ude,  the  vessels  so 
small  and.  imperfect  in  construction,  that  a  voyage  on  the  open  ocean, 
across  the  Atlantic,  was  attended  with  deadly  perils,  and  solemn  re- 
ligious services  marked  the  departure  of  the  venturesome  voyagers 
as  they  went  down  upon  the  seas,  a  large  proportion  of  whom  never 
emerged  from  the  waves.  Fishermen  from  Brittany,  in  France,  as 
early  as  1504,  had  discovered  the  rich  fishing  grounds  on  the  Banks 
of  Newfoundland,  and  had  visited  and  named  Cape  Breton,  a  name 
which  it  still  i-etains.  Francis  I.  of  Fi-ance,  a  sovereign  not  un- 
mindful of  the  gi'owtli  of  his  kingdom,  seeing  the  activity  of  ne'glu 


HISTOIIY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  43 

boring  nations  in  sending  ont  their  subjects  for  voyages  of  discovery 
and  colonization,  dispatched  Juan  Yerrazzani,  a  Floientine  navigator, 
in  1524,  in  a  single  vessel,  the  Dolphin,  to  discover  and  take  posses- 
sion, in  the  name  of  France,  of  lands  in  the  famed  New  World. 
After  "as  sharp  and  terrible  a  tempest  as  ever  sailors  suffered,"  Yer- 
razzani  arrived  upon  the  coast,  touched  at  the  Carolinas,  at  Long 
Island,  at  Newport,  and  skirted  the  coast  to  tlie  fiftieth  degree  north, 
when  he  returned  without  making  a  settlement.  Ten  years  later,  in 
1534,  Jaques  Cartier  was  dispatched  by  Chabot,  Admiral  of  France, 
on  an  expedition  to  the  Northwest,  and  arrived  at  the  month  of  the 
St.  Lawrence.  Returning  to  France  with  extravagant  reports  of  the 
excellence  of  the  country  and  the  climate,  he  was  dispatched  on  the 
following  year  with  three  large  ships,  and  upon  his  arrival  on  St. 
Lawrence-day,  gave  that  name  to  the  (tuIi  which  he  had  entered,  and 
the  river  which  drains  the  great  lakes.  Ascendincr  the  river,  he 
visited  Hochelaza,  now  ^lontreal,  and  wintered  at  the  Isle  of  Orleans. 
The  cold  was  intense,  in  marked  contrast  to  his  former  visit,  which 
was  in  the  heat  of  summer,  and  his  followers,  suffering  from  scurvy 
and  the  severity  of  the  climate,  clamored  to  be  led  back  to  France. 
In  1540,  Cartier  was  again  sent  out,  and  now  with  five  ships,  and 
Francis  de  la  Koque  as  Governor  of  Canada.  J)Ut  strife  ensuing,  the 
attempt  at  colonization  was  abortive.  This  pnt  an  end  to  further 
attempts  at  settlement  in  this  latitude  for  upwards  of  half  a  century. 
In  1598,  the  great  Sully,  under  Henry  lY.  of  France,  dispatched 
the  Marquis  de  la  lioche,  of  Brittany,  to  take  possession  of  Canada 
and  other  countries  "not  possessed  by  any  Christian  Prince."  The 
expedition,  however,  failed  utterly,  though  the  enterprise  of  private 
individuals  in  trading  with  the  natives  for  rich  furs  had  in  the  mean- 
time proved  successful.  In  1603,  Samuel  Champlain  was  sent  out, 
who  carefully  explored  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  and  selected  the  site 
of  Quebec  as  a  proper  location  for  a  fort.  At  about  the  same  time 
De  Monts,  a  Huguenot  of  the  King's  household,  was  granted  a  com- 
mission to  assume  the  sovereignty  of  Acadie,  from  the  fortieth  to  the 
forty-sixth  degree  of  north  latitude,  which  meant  from  the  latitude 
of  Delaware  Bay  to  the  north  pole, — a  glorious  empire  if  it  could  be 
held  and  peopled.  But  tlie  trouble  with  all  the  European  sovereigns 
in  drawing  patents  for  slices  of  the  New  AVorld,  was  that  they  did 
what  was  charged  u]^on  the  greedy  countryman  when  offered  tobacco 
— bit  off  more  than  he  could  chew.  The  expedition  of  De  Monts, 
consisting  of  four  ships,  sailed  in  1604,  and  the  right  of  trade  proving 
lucrative,  the  monopoly  was  revoked.  But  Champlain 'continued  his 
explorations,  embracing  the  St.  John's  River,  Bay  of  Fundy  and 
Island  of  St.  Croix.  By  the  advice  of  Champlain,  Quebec  was 
founded  in  160S  by  a  company  of  merchants  fVoiri  Die|)pe  and  St. 
Molo,     In  the  following  year  C'hamplain  explored  the  lakf  which 


44  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

bears  his  name,  and,  that  he  miglit  secure  the  good  will  of  the  natives 
of  Canada,  he  accompanied  the  Algonqnins  on  a  hostile  campaign 
against  the  Five  Nations,  or  Iroqnois.  Bnt  this  proved  a  fatal  mis- 
take; for  it  provoked  the  implacable  hatred  against  the  French  of 
that  powerful  Indian  confederacy  vi^hich  held  in  an  iron  grasp  what 
is  now  the  States  of  New  York  and  Pennsylvania.  Thus,  by  an 
inscrutable  Providence,  was  France  again  cut  off  from  taking  that 
course  of  empire,  which  would  doubtless  have  given  that  nation  pre- 
ponderance upon  this  continent.  Champlain  was  devoted  to  his  re- 
ligion, i-egarding  "the  salvation  of  a  soul  of  more  consequence  than 
the  con([uest  of  an  empire.'"  His  chosen  servants,  the  Franciscans, 
but  later  the  Jesuits,  assumed  control  of  the  missions  to  the  Indians, 
and  ibr  a  score  of  years  threaded  the  mazes  of  the  forest  for  new  con- 
verts, pushing  out  along  the  great  lakes  by  the  northern  shore,  even 
to  Huron,  Michigan  and  Superior;  but  in  all  their  efforts  to  i-eclaim 
the  Iroqnois  meeting  with  little  success,  and  sufl'ering,  at  the  hands 
of  these  savages,  whippings,  and  torments,  and  death.  With  the 
tribes  of  the  north  and  west,  even  to  the  Chippewas,  Pottawatamies, 
Sacs  and  Foxes,  and  Illinois,  they  had  better  fortune,  and  with  tliem 
made  alliances  against  the  Iro(|Uois.  Fi'om  the  Sioux  they  learned 
that  there  was  a  great  river  to  the  south,  and  this  they  were  seized 
with  a  desire  to  explore. 

In  the  spring  of  1673,  Jaques  Marquette  and  M.  Joliet,  with 
attendants,  embarked  in  two  bark  canoes  at  Mackinaw,  and  passing 
down  the  lake  to  Green  Pay,  entered  the  Fox  River.  Toilsomely 
ascending  its  current  to  its  head  waters,  they  bore  with  difficulty 
their  canoes  across  the  ridge  which  divides  the  waters  of  the  great 
lakes  from  the  ffulf,  and  havini;  j-eached  the  sources  of  the  Wisconsin 
River,  launched  their  fi-ail  boats  u])on  its  turbid  waters,  and  floated 
onward  upon  the  current,  the  stream  studded  M'ith  islands  and  the 
shores  adorned  with  goodly  trees  and  creeping  vines,  until,  on  the 
17th  of  June,  with  "inexpressible  joy  and  thankfulness  to  God  for 
his  mercies,"  they  entered  the  Mississippi.  Maixjuette  was  fre- 
quently warned  by  the  natives  not  to  expose  himself  to  the  dangers 
of  the  voyage,  and  to  desist  from  the  further  prosecution  of  his  jour- 
ney; but  the  reply  of  the  pions  priest  was  cliaracteristic:  "  I  do  not 
fear  death,  and  I  would  esteem  it  a  happiness  to  lose  my  life  in  the 
service  of  God."      ^ 

Passing,  in  turn  the  Des  Moines,  the  Missouri,  with  its  turbid 
stream,  the  Ohio  gently  rolling,  they  proceeded  as  far  south  as  the 
Arkansas.  Here  they  were  fiercely  attacked  by  the  natives.  But 
Marquette  boldly  presented  the  pipe  of  peace,  and  called  down  the 
blessing  of  heaven  upon  his  enemies,  in  i-eturn  for  which  the  old 
men  received  him,  and  called  off  their  braves  who  were  intent  upon 
blood.     But  now  the  dangers  seemed  to  thicken  as  they  descended. 


^i-vi\  /»•//: -//W  fL^t^t'U^^^'y 


niSTOllY    OF    (iKKENE    COUNTY.  47 

Fearing  tliat  thev  might  hazard  all  by  proceeding  further,  and 
being  now  satisfied  that  the  river  must  empty  into  the  Gulf  of  Mex- 
ico, having  made  a  complete  map  of  the  portion  thus  far  explored, 
Marquette  -determined  to  retnrn  and  report  his  great  discoveries  to 
Talon,  the  intendant  of  France.  With  incredible  exertion  they  forced 
their  way  against  the  current  of  the  Mississippi,  up  the  Illinois, 
across  the  portao-e,  down  the  Fox  by  the  same  course  that  they  had 
come,  and  reached  Green  Bay  in  safety.  Though  filled  M'ith  satis- 
faction at  the  importance  of  his  discovery,  and  extravagant  in  praise 
of  the  country  which  he  had  seen — '•  such  grounds,  meadows,  woods, 
stags,  buffaloes,  deer,  wildcats,  bustards,  swans,  ducks,  paroquetts, 
and  even  beavers,"  as  lie  found  on  the  Illinois  liiver  being  nowhere 
equalled;- -yet  he  apparently  felt  a  more  serene  and  heartfelt  satis- 
saction,  in  the  fact  tliat  the  natives  had  brought  to  him  a  dying  infant 
to  be  baptized,  which  he  did  about  a  half  an  hour  before  it  died, 
which  he  asserts  God  was  thus  pleased  to  save,  than  in  all  the  far 
reaching  consequences  of  his  expedition.  On  the  18thof]Vlay,  1675, 
as  he  was  passing  up  Lake  Michigan  with  his  boatmen  upon  the 
eastern  shore,  he  proposed  to  land  and  perform  mass.  With  pious 
and  devoted  steps  leaving  his  attendants  in  the  boat,  he  ascended  the 
banks  of  a  fast  flowing  stream  to  perform  the  rite.  Not  returning 
as  he  had  indicated  he  would,  his  followers,  recollecting  that  he  had 
spoken  of  his  death,  went  to  seek  him,  and  found  him  indeed  dead. 
Hollowing  a  grave  for  him  in  the  sand,  they  buried  him  on  the  very 
spot  which  his  prayers  had  consecrated. 

In  commenting  upon  the  devotion  and  loyalty  of  these  pious  men 
— Marquette,  and  his  associates.  Ilildreth  justly  remarks,  ''Now 
and  then  he  would  make  a  voyage  to  Quebec  in  a  canoe,  with  two  or 
three  savages,  paddle  in  hand,  exhausted  with  rowing,  his  feet  naked, 
his  breviary  hanging  about  his  neck,  his  shirt  unwashed,  liis  cassock 
half  torn  from  his  lean  body,  but  with  a  face  full  of  content,  charmed 
with  the  life  he  led,  and  inspiring  by  his  air  and  his  words  a  strong 
desire  to  join  him  in  his  mission.  "  And  Charlevoix,  in  his  annals, 
even  more  vividly  describes -the  character  of  these  devoted  men.  "  A 
peculiar  unction"  he  says,  '"  attached  to  this  savage  mission,  giving 
it  a  preference  over  many  others  far  more  brilliant  and  more  fruit- 
ful. The  reason  no  doubt  was,  that  nature,  finding  nothing  there  to 
gratify  the  senses  or  to  flatter  vanity — stumbling  blocks  too  common 
even  to  the  holiest — grace  worked  without  obstacle.  The  Lord,  who 
never  allow^s  himself  to  be  outdone,  communicates  himself  without 
measure  to  those  who  sacrifice  themselves  without  reserve;  who,  dead 
to  all,  detached  entirely  from  themselves  and  the  world,  possess  their 
souls  in  unalterable  peace,  perfectly  established  in  that  childlike 
spirituality  which  Jesus  Christ  has  recommended  to  his  disciples,  as 
that  which  ought  to  be   the  most   marked  trait  of   their  character. 


48  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

'"  v!-  •«■  Sncli  is  the  portrait  of  the  missionaries  of  NeM'  France 
drawn  by  those  who  knew  them  best.  I  myself  knew  some  of  them 
in  my  youth,  and  I  found  them  such  as  I  liave  painted  them,  bend- 
ing under  the  labor  of  a  long  apostleship,  with  bodies  exhausted  by 
fatigues  and  broken  with  age,  but  still  preserving  all  the  vigor  of  the 
apostolic  spirit."  It  should  be  added  to  this  picture  of  the  labors  of 
the  priests,  that  of  all  the  heathen  in  any  part  of  the  world  to  whom 
the  gospel  has  been  sent,  none  were  more  ditlicult  to  reach  and  in- 
doctrinate in  its  mild  and  gentle  spirit,  than  the  North  American 
Indians. 

The  report  of  the  discovery  of  a  great  river  to  the  west,  draining 
boundless  territory,  and  opening  a  highway  to  the  gulf,  aroused 
cupidity,  and  the  desire  to  enlarge  the  dominion  of  France.  Robert 
Cavalier  de  La  Salle,  who  had  already  manifested  remarkable  enter- 
prise in  his  explorations  along  the  shores  of  Ontario  and  Erie,  and  in 
his  mercantile  enterprises  with  the  natives,  was  seized  with  the  de- 
sire to  follow  the  course  of  the  Mississippi  to  its  mouth.  Returning 
to  France  he  sought  and  obtained  from  Colbert  authority  to  proceed 
with  his  explorations,  and  take  possession  of  the  country  in  the  name 
of  France.  Returning  to  Fort  Frontenac  with  the  Chevalier  Touti, 
and  a  picked  band,  he  ascended  to  the  rapids  of  Niagara,  passed 
around  the  falls  with  his  equipment,  built  a  vessel  of  sixty  tons  which 
he  named  the  GrifHn,  and  began  his  voyage  up  the  great  lakes,  now 
for  the  tirst  time  gladdened  by  so  pretentious  a  craft,  the  forerunner 
of  a  commerce  whose  white  wings  has  come  to  enliven  all  its  ways. 

iVrrived  at  Green  Bay,  he  sent  back  his  craft  for  supplies  with  which 
to  prosecute  his  voyage  down  the  great  valley  of  tlie  prince  of  streams. 
Caught  in  one  of  those  storms  which  Inrk  in  the  secret  places  of 
these  lakes,  the  little  vessel  was  lost  on  its  return  voyage.  Waiting 
in  vain  for  tidings  of  his  supplies  he  crossed  over  to  the  Illinois 
River,  and  in  the  vicinity  of  the  present  town  of  Peoria,  he  erected 
a  fort,  which,  in  consonance  with  his  own  disappointed  spirit,  he 
named  Creve-co?ur,  the  Broken  Heart.  Leaving  Tonti  and  the  Recol- 
lect, Hennepin,  to  prosecute  the  explorations  of  the  valley.  La  Salle 
set  out  with  only  three  followers  to  make  his  way  back  through  the 
sombre  forests  which  skirt  the  lakes,  to  Fort  Frontenac  at  the  mouth 
of  Lake  Ontario.  In  the  meantime  Hennepin  explored  the  Illinois 
and  the  Mississippi  to  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony,  accounts  of  which 
on  his  return  to  France  he  published.  Gathering  fresh  supplies  and 
men,  La  Salle  started  again  upon  his  arduous  and  perilous  voyage; 
but  upon  his  arrival  at  Fort  Crevecoeur,  upon  the  Illinois,  he  found 
it  deserted  and  his  forces  scattered,  Tonti,  whom  he  had  left  in 
charge,  having  been  forced  to  flee.  Not  dismayed,  again  he  returned 
to  Frontenac,  having  fallen  in  with  Tonti  at  Macinaw.  Again  pro- 
vided  with   the  necessary  supplies,  but  now  with   less  cnmbersome 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  40 

(lutlit,  lie  started  ao-aiii,  after  liaviiiir  encountered  discourao^enients 
that  would  have  broken  the  spirit  of  a  less  resolute  man,  in  August, 
1681,  and  proceeded  on  his  devious  way.  But  now  instead  of  the  course 
which  they  had  before  pursued  he  moved  up  the  Chicago  River  on 
sledges,  and,  having  passed  the  j)ortage,  found  Fort  Creveca'ur  in 
good  state  of  preservation.  Having  here  constructed  a  barge  of  suf- 
tlcient  dimensions  for  his  part}'  he  commenced  his  voyage  down  the 
Mississippi,  and  reached  the  Gulf  without  serious  incident.  Over- 
joyed at  hnally  having  brought  his  projects  to  a  successful  consum- 
mation he  took  ])ossession  of  the  river,  and  all  the  vast  territory 
which  it  drained. — large  enough  to  constitute  several  empires  like 
France, — with  a  formal  pomp  aiul  ceremony  which  was  sufficient,  if 
it  were  to  dejiend  on  pomp  and  ceremony,  to  have  insured  the  pos- 
session of  the  country  in  all  time  to  come.  They  thoroughly  ex- 
ploited the  channels  which  ibrm  the  delta  at  the  mouth  of  the  stream, 
and  having  selected  a  place  high  and  dry,  and  not  liable  to  inunda- 
tion, which  they  found  by  the  elevation  of  the  north  star  to  l>e 
in  latitude  twentv-seven  degrees  north,  they  erected  a  column 
and  a  cross  to  which  they  affixed  a  signal  bearing  this  inscrip- 
tion, "Louis  l.e  Grand,  Koi  de  France  et  de  Navarre,  regne,  le 
neuvieme,  Avril,  1G82."  Then  chanting  the  Te  Deum,  Exaudiat, 
and  the  Domine  salvum  fac  Regem.  and  sliouting  Vive  le  Roi  to  a 
salvo  of  arms.  La  Salle,  in  a  loud  voice,  read  his  process  verbal,  as 
though  all  the  nations  of  the  world  were  listening:  '•  In  the  name 
of  the  most  high,  mighty,  invincible,  and  victorious  prince,  Louis  the 
Great,  by  the  grace  of  God  King  of  France,  and  Navarre,  I'our- 
teenth  of  the  name,  this  ninth  day  of  April,  1682,  I,  in  virtue  of  the 
commission  of  his  majesty,  which  I  hold  in  my  hand,  and  which  may 
be  seen  by  all  M'hom  it  may  concern,  have  taken,  and  now  do  take, 
in  the  name  of  his  majesty  and  of  his  successors  to  the  crown,  pos- 
session of  this  country  of  Louisiana."  And  here  follows  a  descrip- 
tion of  the  rivers,  and  countries  drained  by  them,  which  he  claims; 
and  that  all  this  is  by  the  tree  consent  of  tlie  natives  who  inhabit 
these  lands,  a  statement  which  would  probal)ly  have  been  difficult  of 
verification,  and  in  his  verl)al  process  he  inserts  the  name  Colbert, 
the  king's  minister,  in  place  of  Mississippi,  lie  claims  besides  that 
they  are  the  hrst  Europeans  M'ho  have  ascended  or  descended  the 
stream,  on  the  authority  of  the  peoples  M-ho  dwell  there,  a  statement 
which  would  also  be  uncertain  of  verification,  and  thus  ends  his  pro- 
cess, "hereby  protesting  against  all  those  who  may  hereafter  under- 
take to  invade  any  or  all  of  these  countries,  people  or  lands  above 
described  to  the  prejudice  of  the  right  of  his  majesty,  acquired  by 
the  consent  ef  the  nations  herein  named.  Of  which,  and  of  all  that 
can  be  needed.  1  hereby  take  to  witness  those  who  Iiear  me.  and  de- 
mand an  act  of  the  notary,  as  recjuired  bylaw,"     In  addition  to  this, 


50  IILSTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

he  caused  to  be  buried  at  the  foot  of  the  ci-oss  a  leaden  plate  with 
this  inscription  in  Latin:  '^  Lndovicus,  niagnus  Ileget.  Nono 
Aprilis  JVIDCLXXXIL  llobertns  Cavellier,  cum  Domino  de  Tonty 
Legato  R.  P.  Zenobi  Menibro,  KecoUecto,  et  viginti  Gallis  primus 
hoc  llumen,  inde  ab  Ilineoruiu  Pago,  Enavigavit,  ejusque  ostium 
fecit  pervivum,  nono  Aprilis,  Anni  JVIDCLXXXIL" 

By  the  terms  of  the  law,  recognized  by  all  civilized  nations,  the 
nation  whose  subjects  were  the  discoverers  of  the  mouth  of  a  river, 
could  rightfully  lay  claim  to  all  the  territory  drained  by  that  river, 
and  all  its  tributaries  even  to  their  remotest  limits.  Had  this  claim 
been  successfully  vindicated,  Louis-iana  would  have  been  bounded 
by  the  Alleghanj^  Mountains  on  the  east,  the  Kocky  Mountains  on 
the  west,  and  would  have  embraced  the  bulk  of  the  territory  now  the 
United  States,  aiid  thus  Pennsylvania  would  have  l)een  despoiled  of 
a  large  proportion  of  its  ])roud  domain,  and  Greene  County  been  a 
vicinage  of  France,  ihit  the  claim  of  La  Salle  was  not  well  founded, 
he  not  having  been  the  original  discoverer.  For  de  Soto,  a  hundred 
and  forty  years  bef(»re,  had  discovered  the  river,  and,  through  his 
followers,  had  ti-aced  it  to  its  mouth,  and  had  taken  possession  of  the 
river  in  the  name  of  the  King  of  Spain,  with  even  greater  pomp  and 
ceremony  than  La  Salle,  setting  up  the  cross  and  performing 
religious  rites  which  the  well  known  painting  repeated  on  the 
greenl)acks  of  our  national  currency  has  commemorated.  Had  the 
claim  of  Spain  l)een  maintained  by  force,  and  followed  by  settlement, 
the  people  of  Greene  County  would  to-day  be  under  the  dominion  of 
Spain,  or-  of  a  Spanish  speaking  people.  But  if,  by  the  failure  of 
Spain,  the  French  had  been  successful  in  establishing  their  claims, 
then  the  Bourbon  lilies  would  have  succeeded  to  power  here,  and 
French  would  have  been  the  lano-uaije.  As  we  shall  soon  see,  the 
chances  by  which  it  escaped  that  sway,  were,  for  a  time,  quite  evenly 
balanced  between  the  French  and  the  English. 

La  Salle  returned  to  France  with  great  expectations  of  empire 
for  his  country.  With  a  fleet  of  thirty  vessels,  and  people  for  a  large 
colony,  he  set  sail  for  the  new  possessions,  four  of  which  under  his 
immediate  command  steered  direct  for  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  with  the 
intention  of  entering  the  mouth  of  the  Mississippi  Jliver;  l)ut  he 
failed  to  find  the  entrance,  and,  after  suffering  untold  hardships  and 
privations  on  the  coast  of  Texas  by  shipwreck,  dissension  among  his 
followers,  and  tlie  tireless  hostility  of  the  savages,  his  expedition 
came  to  an  ignoble  end,  he  himself  fortunate  in  escaping  with  liis 
life.  May  we  not  believe  that  Providence  had  other  designs  for  this 
continent? 

The  third,  and  last  of  the  European  nations  to  engage  in  active 
colonization  on  the  Xorth  American  coast,  was  England.  For, 
though  lL)lland,  Denmark,  and  other  European  nations  sent  out  col- 


irisTOKY   OF  grkp:ne  rouNTV.  51 

onies,  they  all  became  subject  to  the  P^iiglish.  lleiiry  YIL,  who  had 
tuniecl  a  deaf  ear  to  tlie  appeals  of  Coliiml)iis,  saw  witli  envy  what 
lie  thought  were  great  advantages  being  secured  to  neighboring 
nations  tlirough  the  discoveries  of  the  great  navigator,  lie  accord- 
ingly lent  a  ready  ear  to  the  Cabots,  of  Bristol,  his  chief  port.  As 
early  as  1497  they  set  out  to  share  in  New  AVorld  enterprise,  and  in 
their  voyages  explored  the  coast  from  Labrador  to  the  Carolinas,  and 
subsequently  South  America,  giving  name  to  the  great  river  of  the 
south,  Rio  de  la  Tlata.  Forbisher  followed,  and  Sir  llumphrey  Gilbert, 
half-brother  of  Sir  Walter  Kaleigh,  who  aided  Gilbert  Avitli  his  for- 
tune and  his  powerful  intlnence  at  Court,  but  perished  by  shipwreck 
without  effecting  a  foothold  upon  the  virgin  soil.  Under  the  patron- 
age of  lialeigh,  Amidas  and  Barlow  in  1584  were  sent,  who  made  a 
lodgment  on  the  shores  of  the  Carolinas:  but  instead  of  observino: 
seed-time  ana  harvest,  they  wasted  their  energies  in  the  vain  search 
for  gold,  which  they  probably  hojied  to  pick  up  in  great  nuggets, 
and  their  attempt  at  settlement  came  to  naught.  Not  discouraged 
Jialeigli  fitted  out  another  expedition  under  Sir  liichard  Grenville, 
and  exhausted  his  great  fortune  in  the  enterprise.  A  lodgment  was 
made  at  Roanoke,  but  the  colony  planted  held  a  sickly  existence  for 
a  short  time,  when,  after  incurring  vast  expense,  it  was  forever 
abandoned.  Ilendrick  Hudson,  under  the  patronage  of  London 
merchants,  and  sul)se(|uently  of  the  Dutch,  made  voyages  of  dis- 
covery, and  in  1609  entered  Delaware  Bay,  and  made  a  landing  on 
the  soil  of  what  is  Pennsylvania,  entered  New  York  I>ay,  and 
ascended  the  Hudson  River,  to  which  he  gave  his  name,  and  took 
possession  of  all  this  country  in  the  name  of  the  Dutch,  in  whose 
employ  he  was  then  sailing.  As  yet  nothing  permanent  l>y  way 
of  settlement  had  been  acheived. 

But  the  English  having  explored  most  of  the  coast  from  Halifax 
in  Nova  Scotia,  to  Cape  Fear  in  North  Carolina,  laid  claim  to  all 
this  stretch  of  the  coast,  and  indefinitely  westward.  In  the  reign  of 
the  feeble  and  timid  James  I.,  this  immense  country  was  divided  into 
two  parts,  the  one  extending  from  New  York  Bay  to  Canada,  known 
as  North  Virginia,  which  was  granted  for  settlement  to  the  Ply- 
mouth Company  organized  in  the  west  of  England,  and  the  other 
reaching  from  the  mouth  of  the  Potomac  southward  to  Cape  Fear, 
was  called  South  Virginia,  and  was  bestowed  upon  the  London 
Company  composed  of  residents  of  that  city.  It  will  thus  be  seen 
that  a  belt  of  some  two  hundred  miles  was  left  between  the  two  grants 
so  that  they  should  have  no  liability  to  encroach  itpon  each  others 
settlements.  The  language  of  these  grants  by  James  was  remarkable 
for  every  quality  of  style  but  clearness  and  perspicuity.  The  London 
Company  were  to  be  limited  between  thirty-fourth  and  forty-first  de- 
grees of  north  latitude,  and    the    Plymouth  Company   between  the 


52  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

thirty-eighth  and  tbrty-lifth  degrees.  It  will  thus  be  seen  that  the 
tw'u  grants  overlap  each  other  hy  three  degrees;  but  as  neither  com- 
pany was  to  begin  settlements  within  a  hundred  miles  of  the  terri- 
tory of  the  other,  it  practically  left  the  limits  as  given  above. 
Previous  to  the  active  operations  inaugurated  by  these  companies, 
frequent  attempts  had  been  made  by  the  English  at  colonization;  but 
hitherto,  beyond  a  few  fishing  stations,  and  the  fort  which  the  Span- 
ish continued  to  maintain  at  St.  Augustine,  no  foothold  had  been 
ffained  by  them  along  the  whole  ttretch  of  the  Atlantic,  now  oecuj)ied 
by  the  States  of  the  Union.  Tlie  London  (company,  in  1607,  sent 
one  hundred  and  live  colonists  in  three  small  ships  under  command 
of  Christopher  JXewport,  to  nuike  a  settlement  in  South  Virginia. 
Among  the  number  was  Jjartholomew  Gosnold,  who  was  the  real 
organizer  of  the  company,  and  the  renowned  Captain  John  Smith,  by 
tar  the  ablest.  They  entered  C'hesapeake  I>ay,  giving  the  names 
Charles  and  Henry,  the  names  of  King  James'  two  sons,  to  tlie  op- 
posite capes  at  the  entrance,  and  having  moved  up  the  James  River, 
they  selected  a  spot  upon  its  banks  for  a  capital  of  the  future  empire, 
which  in  honor  of  the  king,  they  called  Jamestown.  The  seat  here 
chosen  became  the  seed  of  a  new  nation.  'i'iie  encounter  with  the 
powerful  war  chief  Powhatan,  and  the  romantic  story  of  his  gentle 
and  lovely  daughter  Pocahontas,  will  ever  lend  a  charm  to  the  early 
history  of  Virginia. 

The  Plymouth  Company  having  made  fruitless  attempts  to  get  a 
foothold  upon  their  territory,  applied  to  the  king  for  a  new  and  more 
definite  charter.  Forty  of  "the  wealthiest  and  most  powerfnl  men  in 
the  realm  "  associated  themselves  together  under  the  name  of  the 
Council  of  Plymouth,  which  superceded  the  original  Plymouth  Com- 
[)any,  and  to  them  James  granted  a  new  charter  em1)racing  all  the 
territory  lying  between  the  ^fortieth  and  the  forty-eighth  degrees  of 
north  latitude  and  stretching  away  to  the  I'acihc — a  boundless  grant, 
little  comprehended  by  the  king  and  his  ministers,  they  believing 
that  the  South  Sea,  as  the  Pacilic  was  designated,  which  had  been  seen 
by  Balboa  from  a  high  mountain  upon  the  isthmus,  was  close  at  hand. 
In  1(320,  a  band  of  English  J-'nritans,  who  had  been  persecuted  and 
harried  for  non-conformity  to  the  English  church,  having  escaped  to 
Holland,  and  there  heard  llattering  acconnts  of  the  New  World, 
conceived  the  idea  of  setting  up  in  the  new  country  a  home  for 
freedom.  Having  obtained  from  the  new  Council  of  Plymouth 
authorit}'  to  make  a  settlement  uj^on  their  grant,  and  having  received 
assurance  that  their  non-conformity  would  be  winked  at,  a  company 
of  forty-one  men  with  their  families,  one  hundred  and  one  in  all, 
"  the  winnowed  remnants  of  the  Pilgrims,"  embarked  in  the  May- 
flower, and  after  a  perilous  voyage  of  sixty-three  days,  landed  on  the 
shores  of  Massachusetts,  at  Plymouth  Rock,  and  made  a  settlement 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  53 

wliieli  they  called  New  Plyinoutli.  Before  leaving  the  ship  they 
drew  up,  and  the  whole  colony  signed,  a  form  of  government,  and 
elected  ,Fuhn  Carver  governor.  The  elder  IJrewster  had  accompanied 
them  as  their  spiritual  guide,  and  here  in  a  rnid-winter  of  almost 
arctic  lierceness,  they  suffered  and  endured;  but  sang  the  songs  of 
freedom.  By  spring  the  governor  and  his  wife  and  forty-one  of  their 
number  were  in  their  graves;  but  not  dismayed  they  observed  seed- 
time, and  gathered  in  harvest;  other  pilgrims  joined  them;  it  became 
the  seed  of  a  state. 

In  the  meantime,  the  Dutch  had  planted  upon  the  Hudson  and 
tlie  Delaware  by  virtue  of  the  discoveries  of  Hudson  in  1609.  And 
now  in  succession  followed  the  planting  of  Maryland  in  1634-5, 
Connecticut  in  1632,  Ehode  Island  in  1636,  New  Hampshire  in 
1631,  Pennsylvania  in  1682,  the  Carolinas  in  1680,  and  Georgia  in 
1733. 

But  has  it  ever  occurred  to  the  reader  when  unfolding  the 
charters  conveying  unlimited  possession  of  vast  sketches  of  the  new 
found  continent,  by  the  great  sovereigns  of  Europe,  to  ask  by  what 
right  or  by  what  legal  authority  they  assumed  to  apportion  out,  and 
give  away,  and  set  up  bounds  in  this  land?  Here  was  a  people  in 
possession  of  this  country  whose  right  to  the  soil  could  not  be 
(juestioned.  True,  it  was  not  so  densely  peopled  as  the  continent  of 
Europe;  but  the  population  was  quite  generally  distributed,  and  they 
w'ere  organized  into  tribes  and  confederacies,  and  were  in  actual  pos- 
session— ^a  claim  fortilied  by  long  occupancy.  The  European  sover- 
eigns were  careful  to  insert  in  their  charters,  "  not  heretofore  occupied 
by  any  Christian  prince."  But  the  Indians  believed  in  a  Great 
Spirit  whom  they  worshipped. 

The  answer  to  this  question,  whether  satisfactory  or  not,  has 
been,  that  the  civilized  nations  of  Europe,  on  crossing  the  ocean, 
found  here  a  vast  country  of  untold  resources  lying  untouched  and 
unstirred,  the  Indians  subsisting  almost  exclusively  by  hunting  and 
fishing,  the  few  spots  used  for  cultivation  being  small  in  proportion 
to  the  whole  and  consequently  their  right  to  the  soil  as  being  un- 
worthy of  consideration.  They  found  a  people  grossly  ignorant, 
superstitious,  idle,  exhibiting  the  fiercest  and  most  inhuman  passions 
that  vex  the  human  breast,  their  greatest  enjoyment,  their  supreme 
delight  being  the  infliction  upon  their  victims  such  refinements  of 
torment,  and  perpetrations  of  savagery,  as  makes  the  heart  sick  to 
contemplate.  Europeans  have,  therefore,  held  that  they  were  justified 
in  entering  upon  this  practically  unused  soil,  and  dispossessing  this 
scattered  barbaric  people. 

Mr.  Justice  Story,  in  his  familiar  exposition  of  the  constitution, 
in  commenting  upon  this  subject  says:  "As  to  countries  in  the 
possession  of  native    inhabitants    and    tribes,  at    the    time    of  the 


54  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

discovery,  it  seems  difficult  to  perceive  what  ground  of  right  an^^ 
discovery  couUl  confer.  It  woukl  seem  strange  to  us,  if,  in  the 
present  times,  tlie  natives  of  the  south  sea  islands,  or  of  Cochin 
China,  should,  hy  making  voyages  to,  and  discovery  of,  the  United 
States,  on  that  account,  set  up  a  right  to  the  soil  within  our  bounda- 
ries. The  truth  is,  that  the  European  nations  paid  not  the  slightest 
regard  to  the  rights  of  the  native  tribes.  They  treated  them  as  mere 
barl)arians  and  heathens,  whom,  if  they  were  not  at  liberty  to  extir- 
pate, they  were  entitled  to  deem  mere  temporary  occupants  of  tiie 
soil.  They  might  convert  them  to  Christianity ;  and,  if  they  refused 
conversion,  they  might  drive  them  from  the  soil  as  unwortliy  to  inhabit 
it.  They  affected  to  be  governed  by  the  desire  to  promote  the  cause 
of  Christianity,  and  were  aided  in  this  ostensible  ol»ject  l)y  the  whole 
inlinence  of  the  papal  power.  J>ut  their  real  object  was  to  extend 
their  own  power  and  increase  their  own  wealth,  by  acquiring  the 
treasures,  as  well  as  the  territory  of  the  new  world.  Avarice  and 
ambition  were  at  the  bottom  of  all  their  original  enterprises." 

Tills  may  be  a  just  view  of  the  moral  and  primary  estimate  of  the 
case,  yet  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  passed  upon  the 
question,  Chief  Justice  Marshall  delivering  the  opinion,  holding  that 
'*  the  Indian  title  to  the  soil  is  not  of  such  a  character  or  validity  as 
to  interfere  with  the  possession  in  fee,  and  dis])osal  of  the  land  as  the 
State  may  see  lit.''  In  point  of  fact,  every  European  nation,  has,  by 
its  conduct,  shown,  that  it  had  a  perfect  right  to  seize  and  occupy  any 
part  of  the  continent,  and  as  much  as  it  could  by  any  possibility  get 
its  hands  upon,  could  with  perfect  impunity  steal  and  sell  into  slav- 
ery the  natives,  drive  them  out  from  their  hunting  grounds,  burn 
and  destroy  their  wigwams  and  scanty  crops  on  the  slightest  pretext, 
and  inflict  upon  them  every  species  of  injury  which  caprice  or  lust 
suggested.  It  is  no  wonder,  therefore,  that  the  Indians  felt  aggrieved, 
and  that  their  savag-e  instincts  were  whetted  for  their  fell  work  of 
blood,  and  many  of  the  massacres  which  were  perpetrated  within  the 
limits  of  Greene  County,  which  will  form  the  subject  of  a  future 
chapter,  may  be  traced  to  a  bitterness  thus  engendered.  Generations 
of  ill  usage  could  be  scarcely  expected  to  bear  other  fruitage. 


/'\^: 


klmiJ  ^^U^cil^Y 


\ 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  57 


CHAPTER  IV. 

The  Dutch  akd  Sweden  upon  the  Delaware — The  English  Supek- 
ci-:de  them — In  1677  Came  the  English  Quakers — William 
Penn  Interested  in  New  Jersey — Admiral  Penn — The  Uncer- 
tain Bounds — King  Charles  II.  Grants  Penn  a  Liberal 
Domain — Charter  of  Pennsylvania — Lujeral  Terms — Spell- 
ing— Penn  had  Meditated  of  a  Free  Cc^mmoxweath — Re- 
ceives HIS  (trant  in  an  Humble  Spirit — Bitter  Experiences 
IN  THE  Life  of  Penn— »Disinherited — Father  Relents  on  his 
Death-bed — Urges  his  Son  Not  to  Wrong  his  Conscience — 
Seeks  a  Deed  of  Quit-claim  from  James,  and  Buys  the  Lower 
Counties — Perplexed  in  Devising  a  Form  of  Government^ — 
Secures  Freedom  to  the  Subject — Published  Abroad — Letter 
Showing  Abundance  of  Products — Penn  Warns  All  to  Con- 
sider Well  before  Embarking  the  Privations  they  Must 
Endure — Tender  of  Rights  of  the  Natives — Sends  a  Notice 

TO  THEM    OF    HIS    PuRPOSES AlL    AlIKE  AnSWERABLE  TO  GoD 

Will  Take  no  Land  Except  by  Their  Consent — Might  have 
Become  Citizens — Four  Hundred  Years  of  Intercourse  has 
not  Changed  Their  Nature — Show  no  Levitv  in  Thkik  Pres- 
ence— "They  L<»ve  Not  to  be  Smiled  On.'' 

rpiIE  Colony  of  J^eiiusylvaniH  v.as  later  in  hein-j;-  permanently 
_L  settled  than  most  of  the  others  upon  the  sea-board.  It  is  true 
that  the  Dutch,  who  ori<i;inally  settled  New  York,  had  effected  a 
lodgment  ujion  the  Delaware,  and  maintained  a  fort  there  for 
trading  purposes,  soon  after  its  discovery  by  Hudson,  in  1609,  the 
Dutch  claiming  all  the  territory  which  the  Delaware  and  the  Hudson 
drain  by  reason  of  Hudson's  discoveries.  Dutch  colonies  increased 
upon  the  Delaware,  and  made  settlements  on  both  sides  of  the  river, 
and  Dutch  governors  were  sent  to  rule  there  with  justices  of  the 
peace,  constables,  and  all  the  appurtenances  of  civil  government. 
In  1638  came  the  Swedes,  the  representatives  of  the  great  monarch, 
Gustavus  Adolplms,  and  for  several  years  there  was  divided  authority 
upon  the  Delaware,  the  Dutch  and  the  Swedes  contending  for  the 
mastery.  In  1664,  upon  the  accession  of  Charles  II.  to  the  English 
throne,  came  the  English  with  a  patent  from  the  King  covering  all 
the  territory  between  the  Connecticut  and  the  Delaware  Rivers,  or  in 
short,  all  the  territory  occupied   bv  the   l^utch.     Seeing  themselves 

3 


58  HTSTOUV    OK    (;1{KKN"K    COl'NTY. 

likely  to  be  overcome  by  force,  tlic  Dutch  (quietly  surrendered,  and 
the  colony  upon  the  Delaware  parsed  under  English  rule.  The  list 
of  taxables  between  the  ages  of  sixteen  and  sixty,  made  in  the  year 
1677,  in  the  colony  upon  the  Delaware,  contained  443  names,  wliich 
i;ives  a  poi)ulation  of  3,101.  In  this  same  year  came  three  ship-loads 
of  emigrants,  for  the  most  part  English  Quakers,  who  settled  on 
either  side  of  the  Delaware,  but  the  greater  part  in  West  Jersey. 
Some  of  this  religious  sect  had  preceded  them,  and  in  1672  George 
Fox,  the  founder,  had  traveled  through  the  Delaware  country,  "ford- 
ing streams  in  his  course,  camjung  out  at  night,  and  visiting  and 
counseling  with  his  followers  on  the  way.''  In  16(54:  Lord  Berkeley 
and  Sir  (leorge  Carteret  received  from  the  Duke  of  York  a  grant  of 
territory  between  the  Delawai'e  and  the  ocean,  including  the  entire 
southern  portion  of  Xew  Jersey.  After  ten  years  of  troublesome 
attemj)ts  to  settle  their  country,  with  little  profit  or  satisfaction, 
Berkeley  and  (^arteret  sold  New  Jersey  for  a  thousand  pounds  to  John 
Fenwick,  in  trust  for  Edward  Byllinge,  both  Quakers,  But  the 
affairs  of  l)yllinge  were  in  confusion,  and  U[)on  making  an  assignment, 
Gawin  Lawrie,  William  l*enn  and  Nicholas  Lucas,  became  his 
assignees.  Upon  settleiuent  of  his  affairs  Byllinge  came  into  pos- 
session of  West  New  .Jersey,  as  his  share  of  the  province.  In  the 
discliarge  of  his  duty  as  trustee  for  Byllinge,  William  Penn,  who  was 
himself  a  convert  to  the  doctrines  of  Fox,  became  greatly  interested 
in  the  colonization  of  the  (Quakers  ni  the  New  World,  they  having 
suffered  grievous  persecution  for  religious  opinions'  sake.  In  his 
devotion  to  their  interests  he  had  spent  much  time  and  labor  in 
drawing  up  a  body  of  laws  for  the  government  of  the  colony,  devised 
in  a  spirit  of  unexampled  liberality  and  fi-eedom  for  the  colonist. 

We,  who  are  accustomed  to  entire  freedom  in  our  modes  of  wor- 
ship, can  have  little  idea  of  the  bitterness,  and  deadly  aniaiosity  of 
the  persecutions  for  religious  opinion's  sake,  which  prevailed  in  the 
reigns  of  bloody  Mary  and  her  successors.  Even  as  late  as  the  acces- 
sion of  James  IL  to  the  Ii^ntrlish  throne,  ovei-  fourteen  hundred 
Quakers,  the  most  learned  and  intelligent  of  that  faitli,  mild  and 
inoffensive,  were  lantruishincr  in  the  i>risons  of  Enffland,  for  no  other 

o  o  . 

crime  than  a  sincere  attempt  to  follow  in  the  footsteps  of  their 
Divine  Master,  for  Theeing  and  Thoning  as  they  conceived  He  had 
done.  To  escape  this  hated  and  harassing  persecution  first  turned 
the  mind  of  Penn   to  the  New  World. 

Penn  had  reason  to  expect  favor  at  the  hands  of  James  II.  His 
fathei',  who  was  a  true  born  Lhigiishman,  was  an  eminent  admiral  in 
the  British  navy,  and  had  won  great  honor  upon  the  seas  for  his 
country's  flag.  He  had  commanded  the  expedition  which  was  sent 
to  the  West  Indies  by  Cromwell,  and  had  reduced  the  island  of 
Jamaica  to  English  rule.     When  James,  then  Duke  of  York,  made 


HISTORY    OF    GUKK.VK    COUXTY.  59 

his  expedition  against  the  Dutch,  Admiral  Penn  commanded  tlie 
fleet  which  descended  upon  the  Dutch  coast,  and  gained  a  great 
naval  victory  over  the  combined  forces  led  by  Van  Opdam.  For  his 
gallantry  in  thi-  cam))aign  "■  he  was  knighted,  and  became  a  favorite 
at  court,  the  King,  and  his  Ijrutlier  tlie  Duke,  holdini;  iiim  in  cherished 
remembrance.'"  It  was  natural,  therefore,  that  the  son  should  seek 
favors  at  court  foi-  his  distressed  religious  associates.  Upon  the  death 
of  Admiral  Penn,  the  British  government  was  indebted  to  him  in  tlie 
sum  of  sixteen  thousand  pounds,  a  part  of  it  money  actually  advanced 
by  the  Admiral  in  iitting  out  the  fleet  which  liad  gained  the  great 
victory.  In  lieu  of  this  sum  of  muney,  which  in  those  days  was 
looked  upon  as  a  great  fortune,  the  sou,  AVilliain,  proposed  to  the 
King,  Charles  II.,  who  had  now  come  to  the  English  throne,  that  he 
shoui<l  gi-ant  him  a  j)rovince  in  America,  "a  tract  of  land  in  America, 
lying  north  ot  Maryland,  bounded  east  by  the  Delaware  liiver,  on 
the  west  limited  as  Maryland,  and  northward  to  extend  as  far  as 
])lantable."'  These  expressions,  "  as  far  as  plantable,"  <»r.  '•  as  far  up 
and  northward  as  convenient,"  and  the  like,  were  favorite  forms  oi' 
expression,  in  cases  where  the  country  had  been  unexpl(jre<l  and  no 
maps  existed  for  the  guidance  of  the  royal  secretaries,  and  were  the 
cause  of  much  uncertainty  in  interpreting  the  n.»yal  patents,  and  of  long 
and  wasting  controversies  over  the  just  boundaries  of  the  colonies, 
and  were  really  the  cause  which  made  it  possilfle  for  this  County  of 
Greene  to  have  been  subject  to  ^'irginia,  or  ^laryland.  or  even  to 
Massachusetts,  or  Connecticut. 

Kincr  Charles,  who  had  trouble  enon<;h  in  meeting  the  ordinarv 
expenses  of  his  throne  without  providing  for  an  old  score,  lent  a 
ready  ear  to  the  application  of  the  soii.  and  the  idea  of  paying  ofl"  a 
just  debt,  with  a  >.!ice  of  that  country  which  had  cost  him  nothing, 
induced  him  to  be  liberal,  and  he  gave  Penn  more  than  he  had  asked 
for.  Alreadv  there  were  conflicting  claims.  The  Duke  of  York 
held  the  grant  of  the  three  counties  of  Delaware,  and  Lord  Baltimore 
held  a  patent,  the  northern  limit  of  which  was  left  indeflnite.  The 
King  himself  manifested  unusual  solicitude  in  pei'fecting  the  title  to 
his  grant,  and  in  many  ways  showed  that  he  had  at  heart  great 
friendship  for  Penn.  All  conflicting  claims  were  patiently  heard  Ijy 
the  Lords,  and  that  the  best  legal  and  judicial  light  upon  the  subject 
might  be  had  the  Attorney  General  Jones  and  Chief  Justice  ^iorth 
were  called  in.  Finally,  after  careful  deliberation,  the  Great  Charter 
of  Pennsylvania,  conveying  territory  ample  for  an  empire,  holding 
unexampled  resources  upon  its  surface,  and  within  its  bosom,  glad- 
dened on  every  hand  by  lordly  streams,  and  so  diversified  in  surface 
as  to  present  a  scene  of  matchless  beauty,  was  conveyed  to  Penn  in 
these  liberal,  almost  loving  words:     ••  Charles  II..  by  the  grace  of 


60  HISTORY    OF    OKEENK    COUNTY. 

God,  King  of  England,  Scotland,  Franei'  and  Ireland,  defender  of  tlic 
faith,  etc.,  To  all  to  whom  these  presents  shall  come  greeting." 

'•  Whei'eas  our  trustie  and  well  beloved  subject,  William  Tenn, 
Esquire,  sonn  and  heire  of  Sir  William  Penn,  deceased,  out  of  a 
commendable  desire  to  enlarge  our  English  Empire,  and  promote 
such  useful!  commodities  as  may  bee  of  benetitt  to  us  and  our  do- 
minions, as  alsoe  to  reduce  tlie  Savage  Natives  by  gentle  and  just 
manners  to  the  love  of  civill  Societie  and  Christian  Ileligion  hath 
humbley  besought  leave  of  us  to  transport  an  ample  colonie  unto  a 
certain  countrey  hereinafter  described  in  the  partes  of  America  not 
yet  cultivated  and  planted.  And  hath  likewise  humbley  besought 
our  Royall  majestic  to  give,  grant  and  conhrme  all  the  said  countrey 
M'ith  certaine  priviledges  and  jurisdiccons  requisite  for  the  good 
(irovernment  and  saftie  of  the  said  Countre}'  and  Colonie,  to  him  and 
his  heires  forever.  Jvnow  yee,  therefore,  that  wee,  favoring  the  peti- 
tion and  good  purjmse  of  the  said  William  Penn,  and  havmg  regard 
to  the  memoiie  and  meritts  of  his  late  father,  in  divers  services,  and 
particulerly  to  his  conduct,  courage  and  discretion  under  our  deai-est 
brother,  James,  Duke  of  Yorke,  in  the  signall  hattell  and  victorie, 
foucrht  and  obteyned  againste  the  Dutc-h  tleete,  commanded  by  Ileer 
Van  Opdam,  in  the  yeai-  one  thousand  six  hundred  sixty-five,  in  con- 
sideration thereof  of  our  special  grace,  certain  knowledge  and  meere 
motion,  Have  given  and  granted,  and  by  this  our  present  Charter, 
foi-  ns,  our  heires  and  successors.  Doe  give  and  grant  unto  the  said 
William  Pen,  his  heires  and  assigns,  all  that  tract  or  parte  of  land  in 
America,  with  all  the  islands  therein  conteyned,  as  the  same  is 
bounded  on  the  East  by  Delaware  River,  from  twelve  miles  distance, 
Northwarde  of  New  Castle  Towne  unto  the  three  and  fortieth  degree 
of  Northern  latitude,  if  the  said  River  doth  extend  so  far  Northwards; 
P>ut  if  the  said  River  shall  not  extend  soe  farre  Northward,  then  by 
the  said  Jiiver  soe  farr  as  it  doth  extend,  and  from  the  head  of  the 
said  River  the  Easterne  bounds  are  to  bee  determined  by  a  meridian 
line,  to  bee  draM-n  from  the  head  of  the  said  River  unto  the  said 
thi-ee  and  fortieth  degree,  the  said  lands  to  extend  Westwards  live 
degrees  in  longitude,  to  l)ee  computed  from  the  said  Easterne  P>ounds, 
and  the  said  lands  to  be  bounded  on  the  North  by  the  beginning  of 
the  three  and  fortieth  degree  of  Northern  latitude,  and  on  the  South 
by  a  circle  drawn  at  tMclve  miles,  distance  from  New  Castle  North- 
Avards,  and  Westwards  unto  the  beiginning  of  the  fortieth  degree  of 
Northernc  Latitude,  and  then  by  a  straight  line  Westwards  to  the 
limit  of  Longitude  above  menconed. 

"Wee  doe  also  give  and  grant  unto  the  said  William  Penn,  his 
heires  and  assignes,  the  free  and  undisturbed  use,  and  continuance 
in  and  passage  into  and  out  of  all  and  singular,  Ports,  harbours, 
Bayes,  waters,  rivers.  Isles  and  Inletts,  belonging  nnto,  or  leading  to 


IIISTOHY    OF    GKEEXE    COUNTY.  61 

and  from  tlie  Country,  or  Islands  aforesaid;  and  all  the  sovie,  lands, 
lieldd,  woods,  nnderwoods,  monntaines,  hills,  fenns.  Isles,  Lakes, 
ilivers,  waters,  rivuletts,  I3a)-s  and  Inletts,  scituate  or  being  within  or 
belongino-  unto  the  Liiuitts  and  bounds  aforesaid,  together  with  the 
fishing  of  all  sortes  of  fish,  whales,  sturgeons,  and  all  Royal  1  and 
other  fislies  in  the  sea,  bayes,  Inletts,  waters,  or  Rivers  within  the 
premises,  and  the  fish  therein  taken,  and  alsoe  all  veines,  mines  and 
quarries,  as  well  discovered  as  not  discovered,  of  (rold.  Silver, 
Gemms  and  pretious  Stones,  and  all  other  wliatsoever  stones, 
metals,  or  of  any  other  thing  or  niatter  whatsoever  found  or  to  be 
found  within  the  Countrey,  Isles  or  Limitts  aforesaid;  and  him  the 
said  William  Penn,  his  lieires  and  assignes,  Wee  doe,  by  this  our 
Royall  Charter,  for  us,  our  heires  and  successors,  make,  create  and 
constitute  the  true  and  absolute  proprietaries  of  the  Countrey  afore- 
said, and  of  all  other,  the  premises,  saving  always  to  us,  our  heires 
and  successors,  the  faith  and  allegiance  of  the  said  William  Penn, 
his  heires  and  assignes,  and  of  all  other,  the,  proprietaries,  tenants 
and  Inhabitants  that  are,  or  shall  be  within  the  territories  and  pre- 
cincts aforesaid;  and  saving  also  unto  us,  our  heirs  and  Snccessors. 
the  Sovreignity  of  the  aforesaid  Countrey,  To  Have,  hold  and  pos- 
sesse  and  enjoy  the  said  tract  of  Land,  Countrey,  Isles,  Inletts  and 
and  other  the  premises,  unto  the  said  William  Penn,  his  heires  and 
assignes,  to  the  only  proper  use  and  bchoofe  of  the  said  AVilliam 
I^enn,  his  lieires  and  assignes  forever." 

Such  is  the  introduction  and  deed  of  conveyance  of  the  great 
charter  by  which  Penn  came  into  possession  of  that  royal  domain, 
Pennsylvania.  But  as  it  was  to  be  in  the  nature  of  a  sale,  to  make 
this  deed  of  transfer  binding  according  to  the  forms  of  law,  there 
must  be  a  consideration,  the  payment  of  which  could  be  acknowledged 
or  enforced,  and  the  King,  in  a  meriy  mood,  exacted  the  payment  thus, 
'•yielding  and  paying  therefor  to  us,  our  lieires  and  successors,  two 
Beaver  Skins  to  bee  delivered  att  our  said  Castle  of  Windsor,  on  the 
first  day  of  January,  in  everey  yeare."  The  King  also  added  a  fifth 
of  all  gold  and  and  silver  which  might  be  found.  But  as  that  was 
an  uncertain  thing,  and  as  in  point  of  fact  none  ever  was  discovered, 
the  sale  of  this  great  State  was  made,  so  far  as  this  instrument  shows, 
for  two  beaver  skins,  to  be  annually  paid  to  the  King.  And  as  a 
sequence  to  this  con<lition  the  King  sa3^s,  "of  our  further  grace  cer- 
tain knowledge  and  meer  mocon  have  thought  litt  to  Erect  the 
aforesaid  Country  Islands,  into  a  province  and  Seigniorie,  and  do  call 
itt  Pensilvania,  and  soe  from  henceforth  wee  will  have  itt  called,  and 
forasmuch  as  wee  have  hereby  made  and  ordeyned  the  aforesaid 
AVilliam  Penn,  his  heirs  and  assignes,  the  true  and  absolute  Proprie- 
taries of  all  the  lands  and  Dominions  affu-esaid."" 

Penn  had  proposed  that  his  province  be  callpd  New  Wf^les,  but 


62  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

tlie  King  objected  to  this.  Fenn  then  proposed  Sjlvaiiia,  as  the 
country  was  reputed  to  be  oversliadowed  by  goodly  forests.  To  this 
the  King  assented  jn-ovided  the  prefix  Penn  should  be  attached. 
Penn  vitrorously  opposed  this  as  savoring  of  his  personal  vanity. 
But  the  King  was  inflexible,  claiming  this  as  an  opportunity  to 
honor  his  great  father's  name,  and  accordingly,  when  the  charter  was 
drawn,  that  name  was  inserted.  Following  the  pi'ovisions  quoted 
above  are  twenty-thi-ee  sections  providing  for  the  government  and 
internal  regulation  of  the  proposed  colony,  and  adjusting  with  great 
particularity  and  much  tedious  circumlocution,  the  relations  of  tlie 
colouy  to  the  home  government.  It  is  not  on  this  account  thought 
best  to  quote  the  entire  matter  of  the  charter  here,  but  any  who  nuiy 
be  curious  t(»  consult  the  document  in  its  entirety  will  find  the  orig- 
inal, engrossed  on  parchment  with  an  illuminated  border,  in  the 
executive  office  at  Ilarrisburg,  and  a  true  copy  printed  in  the  first 
volume  of  the  Colonial  Records,  page  seventeen.  If  anything  is 
wanting  to  show  the  heartfelt  consideration  of  the  King  for  Penn,  it 
is  found  in  the  twenty-tliird  and  last  section,  "■  And  if,  perchance,  it 
should  happen  hereafter,  any  doubts  or  questions  should  arise  con- 
cerning the  true  sense  and  meaning  of  any  word,  clause,  or  sentence, 
contained  in  this  oui-  |>resent  chai'tei-,  AVe  will  ordaine,  and  command, 
that  att  all  times  and  in  all  things  such  inter})i'etacon  be  made  thereof 
and  allowed  in  any  of  our  Courts  M'hatsoever,  as  shall  be  adjudged 
most  advantageous  and  favorable  unto  the  said  AVilliam  Penn,  his 
heires  and  assignes.^' 

It  will  be  noticed  that  the  spelling  of  the  ro\'al  secretary  seems 
|)eculiar  at  this  day,  and  that  the  ca])ital  letters  and  the  alphabet 
generally  are  used  with  a  freedom  and  originality  which  would  have 
taxed  the  utmost  stretch  of  ingenuity  of  so  acknowledged  an  expert 
as  .Vrtemus  Waivl  himself;  but  in  the  matter  of  composition  it  fol- 
lowed the  legal  forms  prevalent  in  the  courts  of  England  of  that  day, 
and  was  drawn  with  a  particularity  and  minuteness  of  detail  scarcely 
pai'allelcd  in  similar  documents,  apparently  with  a  sincere  desire  to 
nud<e  tlie  jirovisions  so  clear  that  tliere  should  be  no  chance  for  future 
dispute  or  misunderstanding,  and  the  authority  givcTi  to  Penn  as  the 
j)r(»prietary  was  almost  unlimited.  In  the  matter  of  tlie  boundaries 
the  terms  were  such  that  there  could  be  no  possibility  of  mistake, 
the  boundary  lines  being  fixed  by  actual  measurement  and  mathe- 
matical calculation,  or  by  the  observation  of  the  heaveidy  bodies. 
The  Delaware  river  formed  its  eastern  limits,  and  all  the  others  wei'c 
lines  of  longitude  and  latitude.  In  this  respect  this  portion  of  the 
charter  was  dr^uvn  with  less  equivocal  terms  than  any  other  similar 
document.  And  yet  tlie  authorities  of  Pennsylvania  had  more 
difficulty  in  establishing  its  claims — for  reasons  whi<di  will  liei-eafbM- 
be  explained — than  all  the  others  together. 


IIISTOKY    OF    GKEENE    COUNTY.  63 

It  was  a  joyful  day  t'ov  Feiin  when  he  received,  at  the  hands  of 
the  Kins,  the  ijreat  charter,  drawn  with  sucli  liberalitv,  conferrince 
ahaost  unlimited  power,  and  with  so  many  marks  of  tlie  kindness  of 
heart  and  i)ersonal  favor  of  liis  sovereign.  He  liad  louir  meditated 
of  a  free  commonwealth  where  it  should  be  the  study  of  the  law- 
giver to  form  Ills  codes  with  an  eye  to  the  greatest  gowl  and  happi- 
ness of  his  subjects,  and  where  the  supreme  delight  of  the  subject 
would  be  to  i-ender  implicit  obedience  to  its  recpiirements.  Plato's 
dream  of  an  ideal  republic,  a  land  of  just  laws  and  happy  men,  "  the 
dream  of  tluit  city  where  all  goodness  sliould  dwell,  whether  such  has 
ever  existed  in  the  infinity  of  days  gone  by,  or  even  now  exists  in 
the  gardens  of  the  Ilesjierides  far  from  our  sight  and  knowledge,  or 
will  perchance  hereafter,  which,  though  it  be  not  on  earth,  must  have 
a  ])attern  of  it  laid  up  in  heaven,"- -such  a  dreaui  was  ever  in  the 
mind  of  Penn.  The  thought  that  he  now  had  in  a  new  country  an 
almost  unlimited  stretch  of  land,  where  he  could  go  and  set  up  his 
republic,  and  form  and  govern  it  to  his  own  sweet  will,  and  in  con- 
formity to  his  cherished  ideal,  thrilled  his  soul  and  iilled  him  with 
unspeakable  delight.  But  he  was  not  pufled  up  with  vain  glory. 
To  his  friend  Turner  he  writes:  "'  My  ti-ue  love  in  the  Lord  salutes 
tliee,  and  dear  friends  that  love  the  Lord's  precious  truth  in  those 
parts.  Thine  epistle  I  have,  and,  for  my  business  here,  know  that 
after  many  waitings,  watchings,  solicitings  and  disputes  in  council, 
this  day  my  country  was  contirmed  to  me  under  the  great  seal  of 
England,  with  large  powers  and  privileges,  by  the  name  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, a  name  the  king  would  give  it  in  honor  of  my  father.  ■'''  *  - 
Thou  mayest  communicate  my  grant  to  Friends,  and  expect  shortly 
my  proposals.  It  is  a  clear  and  just  thing,  and  my  God,  that  has 
given  it  me  through  many  difficulties,  will,  I  believe,  bless  and  make 
it  the  seed  of  a  nation."  And  may  we  not  cherish  the  belief  that 
the  many  and  signal  blessings  which  have  come  to  this  common- 
wealth in  succeeding  years,  have  come  through  the  devout  and  pious 
spirit  of  the  founder. 

lie  had  seen  the  companions  of  his  religious  faith  sorely  treated 
throughout  all  England,  and  for  them  he  now  saw  the  prospect  of  a 
i-elease  from  their  tribulati9ns.  Penn  himself  had  come  up  through 
bitter  ])ersecution  and  scorn  on  account  of  his  religion.  At  the  age 
of  fifteen  he  entered  Oxford  University,  and  for  the  reason  that  he 
and  some  of  his  fellow-students  practiced  the  faith  of  the  Friends, 
they  were  admonished  and  finally  expelled.  Returning  to  his  home 
in  Ireland,  where  his  father  had  large  estates,  his  serious  deportment 
gave  great  oflence,  the  father  fearing  that  his  advancement  at  court 
would  thereby  be  marred.  Tbinking  to  lu'eak  the  spirit  of  the  son, 
the  boy  was  whipped,  and  linally  expelled  fi-om  the  family  honie. 
At  Cork,  where  he  was  employed  in  the  service  of  the  Lord  Lieu- 


64  UI STORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

tenant,  he,  in  couipariy  with  others,  was  apprehended  at  a  religions 
meeting  of  Friends,  and  cast  into  prison.  While  thns  incarcerated 
he  wrote  to  the  Lord  President  of  jVIunster.  pleading  for  liberty  of 
conscience.  On  Iteing  liberated  he  became  more  devoted  than  before, 
and  so  impressed  was  be  with  a  sense  of  religious  duty  that  he  be- 
came a  minister  of  the  gospel.  Religious  controversy  at  this  time 
was  sharp,  and  a  ])amphlet,  which  he  wrote,  gave  so  much  offense  to 
the  Bishop  of  London  that  Penn  was  thrown  into  the  Tower,  where  he 
languished  for  eight'  and  a  half  months.  But  he  was  not  idle,  and 
one  of  the  books  which  he  wrote  during  his  imprisonment, — "  No 
Cross,  No  Crown," — attained  a  wide  circulation,  and  is  still  read 
with  satisfaction  by  the  faithful  in  all  lands.  Fearing  that  his 
motives  might  be  misconceived,  he  made  this  distinct  statement  of 
his  belief,  "  Let  all  know  this,  that  I  pretend  to  know  no  other  name 
by  which  remission,  atonement  and  salvation  can  be  obtained  but 
Jesus  Christ,  the  Savior,  who  is  the  power  and  wisdom  of  (xod."" 
Upon  his  release  he  continued  to  preach  and  exhort,  was  arrested 
M'ith  his  associate  Mead,  and  was  tried  at  the  Old  Bailey.  Penn 
plead  his  own  cause  with  great  boldness  and  power,  and  was  acquitted ; 
but  the  conrt  imposed  a  tine  for  contempt  in  wearing  his  hat,  and, 
for  non-payment,  was  cast  into  Newgate  with  common  felons.  At 
this  time,  1670,  the  father,  feeling  his  end  approaching,  sent  money 
privately  to  pay  the  fine,  and  summoned  the  son  to  liis  bedside. 
The  meeting  was  deeply  affecting.  The  father's  heart  was  softened 
and  completely  broken,  and,  as  wonld  seem  from  his  words,  had  be- 
come converted  to  the  doctrines  of  the  son,  for  he  said  to  him  with 
his  parting  breath,  "Son  William,  I  am  weary  of  the  worhll  I 
would  not  live  over  again  my  days,  if  I  could  command  it  with  a 
wish;  for  the  snares  of  life  are  greater  than  the  fears  of  death.  This 
troubles  me,  that  I  have  offended  a  gracious  God.  The  tlionght  of 
that  has  followed  me  to  this  day.  Oh!  have  a  care  of  sin!  It  is 
that  which  is  the  sting  both  of  life  and  death.  Let  nothing  in  this 
world  tempt  to  wrong  your  conscience;  so  you  M'ill  keep  peace  at 
home,  which  will  be  a  feast  to  you  in  the  day  of  trouble."  Before 
his  death  he  sent  a  friend  to  the  Duke  of  York  with  a  dying  request, 
that  the  Duke  would  endeavor  to  protect  his  son  from  persecution, 
and  use  his  influence  with  the  King  to  the  same  end. 

The  King  had  previously  given  James,  Duke  of  York,  a  charter 
for  Long  Island,  witli  an  indefinite  western  boundary,  and,  lest  this 
might  at  some  futnre  day  compromise  his  rigiit  to  some  portion  of 
his  territory,  Peim  induced  the  Duke  to  execute  a  deed  for  the  same 
territory  covered  by  the  royal  charter,  and  substantially  in  the  same 
words  used  in  describing  its  limits.  But  he  was  still  not  satisfied  to 
have  the  shores  of  the  oidy  navigable  river  communicating  with 
the  ocean  imder  tho  d<^niinio])   of  others,  who  miglit  in  time  becoin(; 


1^^^^^  of     "P^aaJLAj 


IIISTOKY    OF    GKEKXE    COUNTY.  07 

liostile  and  iiitert'ere  with  the  free  navigation  of  the  stream.  He 
accordingly  induced  tlie  Duke  to  make  a  grant  to  liim  of  2se\v  Castle 
and  New  Castle  County,  and  on  the  same  day  a  grant  of  the  territory 
stretching  onward  to  the  sea,  covering  the  two  counties  of  Kent  and 
Sussex,  the  two  o-i-ants  tog-etlier  embracino;  what  were  desiii:nated  tlie 
territories,  or  the  three  lower  counties,  what  in  after  years  became 
the  State  of  Delaware;  but  bv  Avhich  acts  became  and  lon^  remained 
component  parts  of  Pennsylvania.  No  sucli  colony  as  Delaware  ever 
existed.  This  gave  Peiin  a  considerable  population,  as  in  these  tliree 
counties  the  Dutch  and  Swedes  since  1609  had  been  settling. 

Penn  was  now  ready  to  settle  his  own  colony  and  try  his  schemes 
of  government.  Lest  there  might  be  a  misapprehension  respecting 
his  purpose  in  obtaining  his  charter,  and  unworthy  persons  with  un- 
worthy motives  might  be  induced  to  emigrate,  lie  declares  repeatedly 
his  own  sentiments:  ''For  my  country  I  eye(\  the  Lord  in  obtaining 
it;  and  more  was  I  drawn  inwards  to  look  to  llim,  and  to  owe  to  His 
liand  and  power  than  to  any  other  way.  I  liave  so  obtained  and 
desire  to  keep  it,  that  I  may  not  be  unworthy  of  His  love,  l)ut  do 
tliat  which  may  ajiswer  His  kind  providence  and  people." 

In  choosing  a  form  of  government  he  was  much  perj)lexe<l.  lie 
had  thouijht  the  o-overnment  of  P^ngland  all  wrong,  when  it  bore  so 
heavily  upon  him  and  his  friends,  and  he,  doubtless,  thought  in  his 
earlier  years,  that  he  could  order  one  in  righteousness;  but  Avhen  it 
Avas  given  him  to  draw  a  form  that  should  regulate  the  affairs  of  the 
future  state,  he  hesitated.  "  For  particular  frames  and  models,  it 
will  become  me  to  say  little.  'Tis  true,  men  seem  to  agree  in  the 
end,  to  wit,  happiness;  but  in  the  means,  they  differ,  as  to  divine,  so 
to  this  human  felicity;  and  the  cause  is  much  the  same,  not  always 
want  of  light  and  knowledge,  but  want  of  using  them  rightly.  Men 
side  with  their  passions  against  their  reason,  and  their  sinister  in- 
terests have  so  strong  a  bias  upon  their  minds  that  they  lean  to  them 
against  the  things  they  know.  I  do  not  lind  a  model  in  the  world, 
that  time,  place,  and  some  singular  emergencies  have  not  necessarily 
altered;  nor  is  it  easy  to  frame  a  civil  government  that  shall  serve 
all  places  alike.  I  know  what  is  said  of  the  several  admirers  of 
Monarchy,  Aristocracy,  and  Democracy,  which  are  the  rule  of  one,  of 
a  few,  and  of  many,  and  are  the  three  common  ideas  of  government, 
Avhen  men  discourse  on  that  subject.  But  I  propose  to  solve  the 
controversy  with  this  small  distinction,  and  it  belongs  to  all  three; 
any  government  is  free  to  the  people  under  it,  Avhatever  bo  the 
frame,  where  the  laws  rule,  and  the  people  are  a  party  to  those  laws, 
and   more  than  this  is  tyranny,  oligarchy,  and  confusion.'" 

"  F>ut  when  all  is  said,  the)-e  is  hardly  one  frame  of  govpnniHMit  in 
the  world  so  ill-designed  by  its  fii-st  founders,  that  in  good  hands 
would  not  do  well  eripugli:  an<l  story  tel|s  us,  the  best  jn  ill  ones  can 


68  HISTORY    OK    (UlEENE    COUNTY. 

do  nothing  that  is  great  and  good;  witness  the  Jewish  and  the 
Roman  states.  Governments,  like  clocks,  go  from  the  moiion  men 
ii-ive  them,  and  as  governments  are  made  and  moved  by  men,  so  by 
them  are  they  ruined  too.  Wherefore  governments  rather  depend 
npon  men,  than  men  upon  governments.  Let  men  be  good,  and  the 
government  cannot  be  bad,  if  it  be  ill,  they  will  cure  it.  But  if  men 
be  bad,  let  the  government  be  never  so  good,  they  will  endeavor  to 
warp  and  spoil  to  their  turn." 

''  I  know  some  say  let  us  have  good  laws,  and  no  matter  for  the 
men  that  execute  them;  l)nt  let  them  consider,  that  though  good 
laws  do  well,  good  men  do  better;  for  good  laws  may  want  good  men, 
and  be  abolished  or  invaded  by  ill  men;  but  good  men  will  never 
want  good  laws,  nor  suffer  ill  ones.  'Tis  true,  good  laws  have  some 
awe  upon  ill  ministers;  but  that  is  where  they  have  not  power  to 
escajje  or  abolish  them,  and  tlie  people  are  generally  wise  and  good; 
but  a  loose  and  depraved  people,  which  is  to  the  question,  love  laws 
and  an  administration  like  themselves.  That,  therefore,  which  makes 
a  good  constitution,  must  keep  it,  viz.,  men  of  wisdom  and  virtue, 
qualities  that  because  they  descend  not  with  worldly  inheritances, 
must  be  carefully  propagated  by  a  virtuous  education  of  youth,  for 
which  after  ages  will  owe  more  to  the  care  and  prudence  of  founders, 
and  the  successive  magistracy,  than  to  their  parents  for  their  private 
patrimonies." 

Those  considerations,  which  stand  as  a  preface  to  his  frame  of 
government,  are  given  at  some  len<;th  here,  in  order  to  show  the 
temper  of  mind  and  heart  of  Penn,  as  he  entered  upon  his  great  work. 
He  seems  like  one  who  stands  before  the  door  of  a  royal  palace,  and 
is  hjlli  to  lay  his  hand  npon  the  knob,  wliose  turn  shall  give  him  en- 
trance, for  fear  his  tread  should  be  unsanctified  by  the  grace  of 
Heaven,  or  lack  favor  in  the  eyes  of  his  subjects.  For  he  says  in 
closing  his  disquisition:  "  These  considerations  of  the  weight  of 
government,  and  the  nice  and  varied  opinions  about  it,  made  it  un- 
easy to  me  to  think  of  publishing  the  ensuing  frame  and  conditional 
laws,  forseeing  both  the  censures  they  will  meet  witli  from  men  of 
differing  humours  and  engagements,  and  the  occasion  they  may  give 
of  discourse  beyond  my  design.  But  next  to  tlie  power  of  necessity, 
this  induced  me  to  a  compliance,  that  we  have  (with  reverence  to 
God,  and  good  conscience  to  men),  to  the  best  of  our  skill,  contrived 
and  composed  the  frame  and  laws  of  this  government,  to  the  great 
end  of  all  government,  viz.:  To  support  in  reverence  with  the  peo- 
ple, and  to  secure  the  people  from  the  abuse  of  power;  that  they  may 
be  free  by  their  just  obedience,  and  the  magistrates  honorable  for 
their  just  administration;  for  liberty  without  obedience  is  confusion, 
and  ob(idience  without  liberty  is  slavery.  To  carry  this  evenness  is 
partly  owing  to  the  constitution,  and  partly  to  the  magistracy ;  where 


IIISTOUY    OF    GlIEEXE    COUNTY.  Q',) 

eitlier  of  tliese  fail,  guvernmeiit  will  be  subject  to  confusion;  but 
where  both  are  wanting,  it  must  be  totally  subverted;  then  where 
both  meet,  the  government  is  like  to  endure.  Which  Ihumbly  pray 
and  hope  God  will  please  to  make  the  lot  of  this  of  Pennsylvania. 
Amen." 

In  such  temper,  and  with  such  a  spirit  did  our  great  founder  ap- 
])roach  the  work  of  drawing  a  frame  of  government  and  laws  for  his 
proposed  community,  insignificant  in  numbers  at  first;  but  destined 
a'  no  distant  day  to  embrace  millions.  It  is  not  to  be  wondered  at 
that  he  felt  great  solicitude,  in  view  of  the  future  possibilities.  AV^ith 
great  care  and  tenderness  for  the  rights  and  privileges  of  the  in- 
dividual, he  drew  the  frame  or  constitution  in  twenty-four  sections, 
and  the  body  of  laws  in  forty.  And  who  can  estimate  the  power  for 
good  to  this  people,  of  the  system  of  government  set  up  by  this  pious, 
God  fearing  man,  every  provision  of  which  was  a  subject  of  his 
))rayers,  and  tears,  and  the  deep  yearnings  of  a  sanctified  heart. 

The  town  meeting  works  the  destruction  of  thrones.  Penn's 
sv^^tein  was,  in  effect,  at  the  outset,  a  free  Democracy,  where  the  in- 
dividual was  supreme.  IIa<l  King  Charles  foreseen,  when  he  gave  his 
cliarter,  what  principles  of  freedom  to  the  individnal  would  be  em- 
bddied  in  the  government  of  the  new  colony,  and  would  l)e  nurtured 
in  the  breasts  of  the  oncoming  generations,  if  he  had  held  the  purpose 
of  keeping  this  a  constituent  and  obedient  part  of  his  kingdom,  he 
wonld  have  witheld  his  assent  to  it,  as  elements  were  implanted  there- 
in antagonistic  to  arbitrar3%  kingly  rule.  But  men  sometimes  con- 
trive better  than  they  know,  and  so  did  Charles. 

When  finished,  the  frame  of  government  was  published,  and  was 
sent  out,  accompanied  with  adescription  of  the  country,  and  especial 
cai-e  was  taken  that  these  should  reach  the  members  of  tlie  society  of 
Friends.  Many  of  the  letters  written  home  to  friends  in  England 
by  those  who  had  settled  in  the  country  years  before,  were  curious 
and  amusing,  and  well  calculated  to  excite  a  desire  to  emigrate.  Two 
years  before  this,  Mahlon  Stacy  wrote  an  account  of  the  country, 
which  the  people  of  our  day  wonld  scarcely  be  able  to  match.  *'  I  have 
seen,"  he  says,  "orchards  laden  with  fruit  to  admiration;  their  very 
limbs  torn  to  pieces  with  weight,  most  delicious  to  the  taste,  and 
lovely  to  behold.  I  have  seen  an  apple-tree,  from  a  pippin-kernel, 
vield  a  barrel  of  curious  cider,  and  peaches  in  such  plenty  that  some 
people  took  their  carts  a  peach-gathering.  I  could  not  but  smile  at 
tlie  conceit  of  it;  they  are  very  delicious  fruit,  and  hang  almost  like 
our  onions,  that  are  tied  on  ropes.  I  have  seen'  and  know,  this  siiin- 
mei',  forty  bushels  of  bold  wheat  of  one  bushel  sown..  From  May 
to  Michaelmas  great  store  of  very  good  w'ikl  fruit  as  strawberries, 
cranberries  and  hurtleberries,  which  are  like  our  bilberries  in  Kng- 
land,  oidy  far  sweeter;  the  cranberries,  much  like  cherries  for  color 


70  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

and  bigness,  which  may  he  kept  till  frnit  comes  again;  an  excellent 
sauce  is  made  of  them  for  venison,  turkeys,  and  other  great  i'owl, 
and  tliey  are  better  to  make  tarts  of  than  either  gooseberries  or 
cherries;  we  have  them  brought  to  our  houses  by  the  Indians  in  great 
plenty.  My  brother  Robert  had  as  many  cherries  this  year  as  would 
liave  loaded  several  carts.  As  for  venison  and  fowls  we  have  great 
plenty;  we  have  brought  home  to  our  countries  by  the  Indians,  seven 
or  eight  fat  bncks  in  a  day.  We  went  into  the  river  to  catch  her- 
rings after  the  Indian  fashion.  We  could  have  tilled  a  three-bushel 
sack  of  as  ijood  larije  herrings  as  ever  I  saw.       And  as  to  beef  and 

O  o  O 

pork,  here  is  a  great  plenty  of  it,  and  good  sheep.  The  common 
grass  of  the  country  feeds  beef  very  fat.  Indeed,  the  country,  take 
it  as  a  wilderness,  is  a  brave  country.". 

If  the  denizens  of  England  were  to  accept  this  description  as  a 
true  picture  of  the  productions  and  possibilities  of  the  New  World, 
they  might  well  conclude  with  the  writer  that  "for  a  wilderness"  it 
was  a  "brave  country,"  and  we  can  well  understand  why  they  flocked 
to  the  new  El  Dorado.  But  lest  any  might  be  tempted  to  go  with- 
out sufficient  consideration,  Penn  issued  a  pronunciamento,  urging 
every  one  who  contemplated  removal  thither  to  consider  well*  the  in- 
conveniences of  tlie  voyage,  and  the  labor  and  privation  required  of 
emigrants  to  a  wilderness  country,  "that  so  none  may  move  rashly 
or  from  a  flckle,  but  from  a  solid  mind,  having  above  all  things  an 
eye  to  the  providence  of  God  in  the  disposing  of  themselves." 

And  that  there  should  be  no  deception  or  misunderstanding  in 
regard  to  the  rights  of  ^property,  Penn  drew  np  "Certain  Conditions 
and  Concessions"  before  leaving  England,  which  he  circulated  freely, 
touching  the  laying  out  of  roads  and  highways,  the  plats  of  towns, 
the  settling  of  communities  on  ten  thousand  acre  tracts,  so  that 
friends  and  relatives  might  be  together;  declaring  that  tlie  woods, 
rivers,  quarries  and  mines  are  the  exclusive  property  of  those  on 
whose  purchases  they  were  found;  for  the  allotment  to  servants;  that, 
the  Indians  shall  be  treated  justly;  the  Indians'  furs  should  be  sold 
in  open  market;  that  the  Indian  shall  be  treated  as  a  citizen,  and 
that  no  man  shall  leave  the  province  withont  giving  three  weeks' 
public  notice  posted  in  the  market-place,  that  all  claims  for  indebted- 
ness might  be  liquidated.  These  and  many  other,  matters  of  like 
tenor  form  the  subiect  of  these  remarkable  concessions,  all  tending-  to 
show  the  solicitude  of  Penn  for  the  interests  of  his  colonists,  and 
that  none  should  say  that  he  deceived  or  overreached  them  in  the 
sale  of  his  lands.  Tie  foresaw  the  liability  that  the  natives  would  be 
nnder  to  be  deceived  and  cheated  by  the  crafty  and  designing,  being 
entirely  unskilled  in  judging  of  the  values  of  things.  He  accordingly 
devotes  a  large  proportion  of  the  matter  of  these  concessions  to  secure 
aucl  defend  the  rights  of  the  ignorant  natives^     If  it  was  possible  tQ 


UrsTOKV     (IF    (iUEENK    TOT^XTV.  71 

make  a  liuiiiaii  being  cuiit'onn  to  the  rights  and  privileges  of  civilized 
society,  and  make  him  truly  an  enlightened  citizen,  Penn's  treatment 
of  the  Indian  was  calculated  to  make  him  so.  He  treated  the  natives 
as  his  own  ]ieople,  as  citizens  in  every  important  particular,  and  as 
destined  to  an  immortal  itdieritance.  He  wrote  to  them:  ^'There  is 
a  great  God  and  power  that  hath  made  the  world  and  all  things 
therein,  to  whom  yon  and  I  and  all  people  owe  their  being  and  well- 
l)eing;  and  to  whom  yon  and  I  must  one  day  give  an  account  for  all 
that  we  do  in  the  world.  This  great  God  hath  written  His  law  in 
our  hearts,  by  which  we  are  taught  and  commanded  to  love,  and  help, 
and  do  good  to  one  another.  Now  the  great  God  hath  been  pleased 
to  make  me  concerned  in  your  part  of  the  world,  and  the  king  of  the 
country  Avhere  I  live  hath  given  me  a  great  jirovini'e  therein;  but  I 
desire  to  enjoy  it  with  your  love  and  consent,  that  we  may  always 
live  together  as  neighbors  and  friends;  else  what  would  the  great 
God  do  to  ns,  who  hath  made  us  not  to  devour  and  destroy  one 
another,  but  to  live  soberly  and  kindly  together  in  the  world?  Now 
I  would  have  you  well  observe  that  1  am  very  sensible  of  the  un- 
kindness  and  injustice  that  have  been  too  much  exercised  towards 
you  by  the  people  of  these  parts  of  the  world,  who  have  sought  them- 
selves, and  to  make  great  advantages  by  you,  rather  than  to  be  ex- 
amples of  goodness  and  patience  unto  you,  Avhich  I  hear  hath  been  a 
matter  of  trouble  to  you,  and  caused  great  grudging  and  animosities, 
sometimes  to  the  shedding  of  blood,  which  hath  made,  the  great  God 
angry.  But  I  am  not  such  a  man,  as  is  well  known  in  my  country. 
I  have  great  love  and  regard  toward  you,  and  desire  to  gain  your 
love  and  friendship  by  a  kind,  just  and  peaceable  life,  and  the  people 
1  send  are  of  the  same  mind,  and  shall  in  all  things  behave  them- 
selves accordingly;  and  if  in  anything  any  shall  olfend  you  or  3'our 
people,  you  shall  have  a  full  and  speedy  satisfaction  for  the  same  l)y 
an  ecpial  number  of  just  men  on  both  sides,  that  by  no  means  you 
may  have  just  occasion  of  being  oi^'ended  against  them.  I  shall 
shortly  come  to  you  myself,  at  which  time  we  may  more  largely  and 
freely  confer  and  discourse  of  these  matters.  In  the  meantime  I 
liave  sent  my  commissioners  to  treat  with  you  about  land,  and  form 
a  league  of  peace.  Let  me  desire  you  to  be  kind  to  them  and  their 
people,  and  receive  these  tokens  and  presents  which  I  have  sent  you 
as  a  testimony  of  my  good  will  to  you,  and  my  resolution  to  live 
justly,  peaceably  and  friendly  with  you."  Such  was  the  mild  and 
gentle  attitude  in  which  Penn  came  to  the  natives. 

Had  the  Indian  character  been  capable  of  being  broken  and 
changed,  so  as  to  have  adopted  the  careful  and  laborious  habits  which 
Europeans  possess,  the  aborigines  might  have  been  assimilated  and  be- 
come a  constituent  part  of  the  population.  Such  was  the  expectation 
of  Penn.     Thev  could  have  become  citizens,  as  every  other  foreign 


72  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

i-ace  liiive.  I'ut  tlie  Indian  could  no  more  be  tamed  than  tlie  wild 
parlridgtt  of  the  woods.  Fiijhini;-  and  Ininting  were  his  occupation, 
and  it'  any  work  or  drudgery  was  to  be  done,  it  was  shifted  to  the 
M-omen,  as  being  beneath  the  dignity  of  the  free  savage  of  the  forest. 
Two  hnndred  and  hfty  years  of  intercourse  with  European  civiliza- 
tion and  customs  have  not  in  the  least  changed  liis  nature.  He  is 
essentially  the  savage  still,  as  he  was  on  the  day  when  Columbus 
lirst  met  him,  four  hundred  years  ago. 

But  this  fact  does  not  change  the  aspect  in  which  we  should  view 
tlie  pious  and  noble  intents  of  Pe-nn,  and  they  must  ever  be  regarded 
with  admiration,  as  indicative  of  his  loving  and  merciful  purposes. 
He  not  only  provided  that  they  should  be  treated  as  human  beings, 
on  j)rinciples  of  justice  and  mercy,  but  he  was  particular  to  point 
out  to  his  commissioners  the  manners  which  should  be  preserved  in 
their  presence:  "lie  tendei-  of  otfending  the  Indians,  and  let  them 
know  that  you  come  to  sit  down  lovingly  among  them.  Let  my 
letter  and  conditions  be  read  in  tlieir  tongue,  that  they  may  see  we 
have  their  good  in  our  eye.  J^e  grave.  They  love  not  to  be 
smiled  on." 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COFXTY.  73 


CHAPTER  V. 

Markiiam  Fikst  Govp:rn()r — Sails  for  jNTew  York  and  is  Accorded 
Permission  to  Assume  Control  on  the  Delaavare — Purchase 
Land  of  the  Indians — Seek  a  Site  of  a  Great  City — Penn 
Sails  for  America — Advice  to  Wife  and  Children  on  Leav- 
ing— Love  of  Rural  Life — Thirty  Passengers  Die  on  the 
Voyage — Calls  an  Assembly  and  Enacts  Laws — Civil  and 
Religious  Liberty^— Visits  Site  of  the  New  City — Satisfied 
With  It — Visits  Governor  of  New  York  and  Friends  in  Lon(^ 
Island  and  Jersey — Discusses  Boundary  With  Lord  Balti- 
:more — The  Great  Treaty — Method  t)F  the  Indians — Terjis 
OF  THE  Treaty — Speech  of  Penx — Legal  Forms  Observed — 
"Treaty  Tree"  Preserved— WALKiN(f  Purchase — Consider- 
ation OF  Penn — Injustice  of  Later  Governor — Rai*id  Increase 
—Penn  Describes  the  New  City — Distances  Fko^i  the 
Chief  Cities — Latitude  and  L()N(;itude — Designs  River  Bank 
FOR  A  Public  Park — Disrecjarded — Names  His  City  Phila- 
delphia— Growth    of   the    Colony — Comi'ared    With   Other 

C<  )LONIES. 

VTOT  being  ill  readiness  to  go  immediately  to  liis  province,  Penn 
1^1  issued  a  commission  bearing  date  March  6,  1681,  to  liis  cousin, 
William  Markham,  as  Lieutenant  Governor,  and  sent  him  forward 
with  three  ship-loads  of  settlers  to  take  possession  of  his  province. 
Markham  sailed  directly  to  New  York,  where  he  exhibited  his  com- 
mission to  the  acting  governor  of  that  province,  who  made  a  record 
of  the  fact,  and  gave  Gov,  Markham  a  letter  addressed  to  the  civil 
magistrates  on  the  Delaware  thanking  them  for  their  Zealand  fidelity, 
and  directing  them  to  transfer  their  allegiance  to  the  new  Proprietary. 
Armed  now  with  complete  authority,  Markham  proceeded  to  the 
Delaware,  where  he  was  kindly  received  and  all  allegiance  promptly 
accorded  to  him  as  the  rightful  governor.  Markham  was  accompanied 
by  four  commissioners,  who  were  first  to  establish  friendly  relations 
with  the  Indians  and  acquire  land  by  purchase,  and  second  to  select 
and  survey  and  lay  out  the  plot  of  a  great  city.  Penn  had  received 
a  complete  grant  and  deed  of  transfer  of  these  lands,  and  had  he  fol- 
lowed the  example  of  the  other  colonists  he  would  have  taken  arbi- 
trary possession  without  consulting  the  natives.  But  he  held  that 
their  claims   to   rightful    ownership  by   possession    for    immemorial 


74  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

time,  must  first  be  satisfied.  Accordingly,  following  the  pacific  in- 
structions ot  Penn,  the  coniniissioners  found  no  difficulty  in  opening 
negotiations  with  the  simple  inhabitants  of  the  forest,  and  in  pur- 
chasintr  long  reaches  of  land  on  the  south  and  west  bank  of  the  Del- 
aware and  far  beyond  the  Schuylkill. 

But  it  was  not  so  easy  to  find  a  site  for  a  great  city  to  completely 
fill  all  the  conditions  which  the  founder  had  imposed.  It  must  be 
on  a  stream  navigable,  where  many  boats  could  ride  in  safety  and  of 
sufficient  depth  so  that  ships  could  come  up  to  the  wharf  and  load 
and  uidoad  without  "boating  and  lightening  of  it."  '' The  situation 
must  be  high,  at  least  dry  and  sound,  and  not  swampy,  which  is  best 
known  by  digging  up  two  or  three  earths  and  seeing  the  bottom." 
The  site  was  to  contain  a  block  of  10,000  square  acres  in  one  square, 
and  the  streets  to  be  regularly  laid  out.  "  J^et  every  house  be  placed, 
if  the  person  pleases,  in  the  middle  of  its  plat,  as  to  the  breadth- 
way  of  it,  that  so  there  may  be  ground  on  each  side  for  gardens  or 
orchards  or  fields,  that  it  may  be  a  green  country  town,  which  will 
never  be  burned,  and  always  wholesome."' 

These  instructions  of  Penn  were  most  carefully  observed,  and  foi' 
many  weeks  tlie  commissioners  searched  for  such  a  site  as  he  had 
pictured,  their  investigations  extending  far  up  the  Delaware.  They 
finally  fixed  upon  the  present  site  of  Philadelphia,  which  was  settled, 
and  has  grown  as  then  surveyed.  It  was  between  two  navigable 
streams;  it  was  dry,  being  one  vast  bed  of  sand  and  gravel  and  hence 
easily  drained;  and  so  high  as  not  to  be  liable  to  overflow;  it  had 
ten  thousand  scjuare  acres;  but  there  was  not  distance  enough  between 
the  two  rivers  to  allow  it  to  l)e  in  a  square  block,  llovever,  as  there 
was  room  for  indefinite  extension  up  and  down  the  streams,  this  was 
not  reo-arded  as  fatal  to  the  choice.  The  streets  were  laid  with  exact 
regularity,  crossing  each  other  at  right  angles.  Through  the  center. 
Market  street  extended  from  river  to  river,  and  so  wide  that  origi- 
nally, and  until  within  the  memory  of  many  now  living,  long,  low 
market  houses,  or  sheds  stretched  along  its  middle,  and  at  its  center 
it  was  crossed  i)y  Broad  street,  a  magnificent  avenue.  At  their  in- 
tei'section  a  park  Avas  left,  upon  which  the  city  has  recently  erected 
a  structure  of  marble  for  the  purposes  of  the  city  government,  which, 
for  beauty  of  architecture,  convenience  and  solidity  of  structure  is 
scarcely  matched  anywhere  in  the  world. 

Having  settled  all  things  at  home  to  his  satisfaction,  Penn  pre- 
pared to  depart  for  his  new  country.  i^ut  before  departing  he  ad- 
dressed farewell  letters  to  his  friends,  and  to  his  wife  and  children. 
From  these  we  can  gather  what  was  really  in  his  heart  of  hearts, 
what  was  his  true  character  and  the  tenor  of  his  inmost  tl^oughts. 
To  his  fellow  laborer,  Stephen  Crisp,  he  wrote,  "Stephen,  we  know 
one  another,  and  T  need  not  say  much  to  thee.     '-     *     *     The  Lord 


'wmm 


-^'r.fcT       'f^A^     ■^'^^TT 


IITSTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  "^Y 

Will  bless  that  ground  (Pennsylvania).  "  *  *  And  truly,  Stephen, 
there  is  work  enough,  and  here  is  room  to  woi'k  in.  Surely  God 
will  come  in  for  a  share  in  this  planting-work,  and  that  Jeaven  shall 
leaven  the  lump  in  time."  As  he  was  now  about  to  depart  on  a  voy- 
age over  the  treacherous  ocean,  he  wrote  to  his  wife  and  children  as 
though  he  might  never  return  to  them  again.  To  his  wife  he  said, 
"  God  knows  and  thou  knowest  it,  I  can  say  it  was  a  match  of 
Providence's  making,  and  God's  image  in  us  both  was  the  first 
thing."  In  counselling  her  not  to  become  involved  in  debt,  he  says, 
"  My  mind  is  rapt  up  in  a  saying  of  thy  father's,  'I  desire  not  riches,- 
but  to  owe  nothing;'  and  truly  that  is  wealth,  and  more  than  enough 
to  live  is  attended  with  many  sorrowes."  Of  his  children  he  says,- 
"I  had  rather  they  were  homely,  than  finely  bred,  as  to  outward  be- 
havior; yet  I  love  sweetness  mixed  with  gravity.  Religion  in  the 
heart  leads  into  this  true  civility.  *  *  *  For  their  learning  be 
liberal.  Spare  no  cost;  for  by  such  parsimony  all  is  lost  that  is 
saved;  but  let  it  be  useful  knowledge,  such  as  is  consistent  with  truth 
and  godliness,  not  cherishing  a  vain  conversation  or  idle  mind,  but 
ingenuity  mixed  with  industry  is  good  for  the  body  and  mind  too. 
I  recommend  the  useful  part  of  mathematics,  as  building  houses  or 
ships,  measuring,  surveying,  dialing,  navigation;  but  agriculture  is 
especially  in  my  eye — let  my  children  be  husbandmen  and  house- 
wives; it  is  industrious,  healthy,  honest,  and  of  good  example;  like 
Al)raham  and  the  holy  ancients,  who  pleased  God  and  obtained  a 
good  report.  This  leads  to  consider  the  works  of  God  and  nature  of 
things  that  are  good,  and  diverts  the  mind  from  being  taken  up  with 
the  vain  arts  and  inventions  of  a  luxurious  world.  "■•'  *  *  Of 
cities  and  towns  of  concourse  beware;  the  world  is  apt  to  stick  close 
to  those  who  have  lived  and  got  wealth  there;  a  country  life  and 
estate  I  like  best  for  my  children."  To  his  children  he  said,  "  First 
love  and  fear  the  Lord,  and  delight  to  wait  on  the  God  of  your  father 
and  mother.  *  *  *  Xext  be  obedient  to  your  dear  mother,  a 
woman  whose  virtue  and  good  name  is  an  honor  to  you ;  for  she  hath 
been  exceeded  by  none  in  her  time  for  her  plainness,  integrity,  in- 
dustry, humanity,  virtue,  good  understanding;  qualities  not  usual 
among  women  of  her  worldly  condition  and  quality.  *  *  *  Be- 
take _yourselves  to  some  honest,  industrious  course  of  life.  *  *  * 
And  if  you  marry,  mind  neither  beauty  nor  riches,  but  the  fear  of 
the  Lord,  and  a  sweet  and  amiable  disposition;  and  l)eing  married, 
be  tender,  affectionate  and  meek.  *  *  *  Be  sure  to  live  within 
compass;  borrow  not,  neither  be  beholden  to  any.  "^  ^-  *  Love 
not  money  nor  the  world;  use  them  only,  and  they  will  serve  you; 
but  if  you  love  them  you  serve  them,  which  will  debase  your  spirits 
as  well  as  offend  the  Lord.  ■••'  *  *  Be  humble  and  gentle  in  your 
conversation ;  of  few  words,  but  always  pertinent  when  you  speak, 


78  HISTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

hearing  out  before  joii  attempt  to  answer,  and  then  speaking  as  if 
jou  would  pnrsuade  not  impose.  Atiront  none,  neither  revenge  the 
affronts  that  are  done  to  yon;  but  forgive  and  you  shall  be  forgiven 
of  your  heavenly  father.  In  making  friends  coiisider  well  lirst;  and 
when  yon  are  fixed  be  true.  Watch  against  anger;  neither  speak 
nor  act  in  it,  for,  like  drunkenness,  it  makes  a  man  a  beast.  Avoid 
iiatterers,  for  they  are  thieves  in  disguise.  '"  ■"'  *  They  lie  to 
flatter,  and  flatter  to  cheat.  ''"  '"  ^'  Be  temperate  in  all  things; 
in  your  diet,  for  that  is  physic  by  prevention;  it  keeps,  nay,  it  makes 
people  healthy,  and  their  generation  sound.  '"■  -  '"  Avoid  pride, 
avarice  and  luxury.  Make  your  conversation  with  the  most  eminent 
for  wisdom  and  piety,  and  shun  all  wicked  men,  as  you  hope  for 
the  blessing  of  God,  and  the  comfort  of  your  father's  living  and  dying 
praj'ers.  "  ^  ■'''  l]e  no  busy  bodies.  In  your  families  remember, 
Abraham,  Moses  and  tloshua,  their  integrity  to  the  Lord.  ■'•■  *  '" 
Keep  on  the  square  for  God  sees  you." 

Of  this  remarkable  letter,  which  is  worthy  to  lay  to  heart  and  be 
made  a  fi-equent  study  *by  the  rising  generation,  only  a  few  brief 
extracts  are  given  above,  yet  enough  has  been  adduced  to  show  the 
pious  intent  of  the  founder  of  our  noble  C'ommonwealth.  In  June, 
1682,  Penn  set  sail  for  Amei-ica  in  tiie  ship  ''  Welcome,"  with  some 
hundred  passengers,  of  wliouj  thirty  died  of  small-pox  on  the  voyage. 
He  landed  at  ]Sew  Castle,  where  lie  took  formal  possession  of  the 
country.  At  a  public  meeting  called  at  the  court-house  he  explained 
his  object  in  coming,  his  plan  of  government,  and  renewed  the  com- 
missions of  the  magistrates.  Proceeding  to  Uj)lands,  which  he  named 
Chester,  he  called  an  at^sembly  composed  of  an  equal  number  from 
tiie  province  aiul  territories,  (^afterwards  Delaware),  and  proceeded  to 
enact  a  frame  of  government  and  a  body  of  laws.  The  convention 
was  in  session  but  three  days,  as  it  was  in  harvest,  and  the 
farmers  could  not  aiibrd  to  spend  much  time;  but  in  that  brief  period, 
wdiich  in  these  days  would  scarcely  suffice  for  the  speaker  to  make  up 
his  committees,  tiie  constitutiun  Avas  considered  article  by  article, 
amended  and  adopted,  and  the  laws  in  like  manner,  so  that  when  they 
adjourned,  after  this  brief  session,  it  could  ])e  said  that  the  great  ship 
of  State,  Pennsylvania,  Mas  fairly  launched,  and  the  government, 
which,  in  this  simple  way,  was  there  adopted  in  the  town  of  Chester, 
has  foruied  the  basis  of  that  system  which  has  guided  the  State  in 
safety  through  the  more  than  two  centuries  of  its  growth,  and  brought 
it  safely  on  in  the  voyage  of  empire,  with  its  more  than  four  millions 
of  people. 

Penn's  flrst  and  chief  care  was  to  establish  civil  and  religious 
liberty  so  firmly,  that  it  should  not  be  in  the  power  of  future  rulers 
to  alter  or  destroy  it.  As  he  himself  declared,  "  For  tlie  matter  of 
liberty  and  privilege,  1  purpose  that    which    is    extraordinary,  and 


UlSTORt^    OF    GRiEENT:    COUNTY.  79 

leave  myself  and  successors  no  power  of  doing  mischief,  that  the  will 
of  one  man  may  not  hinder  the  good  of  a  whole  country."  Having 
suffered  sore  persecution  himself,  as  well  as  his  religions  associates, 
he  cherished  a  bitter  hatred  of  any  system  which  could  impose  or 
even  suffer  such  injustice,  and  accordingly  he  placed  at  the  head  of 
his  Fundamentals  this,  in  tliat  age,  remarkable  provision:  "In 
reverence  to  God,  the  Father  of  light  and  spirits,  the  author  as  well 
as  object  of  all  divine  knowledge,  faith  and  woi'ship,  I  do  for  me  and 
mine,  declare  and  establish  for  the  first  fundamental  of  the  govern- 
ment of  my  province,  tliat  every  person,  that  doth  and  shall  reside 
therein,  shall  have  and  enjoy  the  free  possession  of  his  or  her  faith 
and  exercise  of  worship  towards  God,  in  such  way  and  manner  as 
every  such  person  shall  in  conscience  believe  is  most  acceptable  to 
God." 

It  would  seem  as  if  the  new  world  was  opened  at  a  time  when 
persecution  in  the  old  world  was  rife,  that  the  oppressed  people  of 
all  nations  might  have  an  asylum,  where  civil  and  religious  liberty 
should  forever  be  preserved.  Flaving  thus  settled  his  form  of  gov- 
ernment, and  set  it  fairly  in  operation,  be  began  to  make  journeys 
into  the  distant  parts  of  his  country.  He  first  visited  the  site  which 
had  been  selected  for  the  new  city,  proceeding  in  a  barge  from 
Chester,  and  landed  at  the  mouth  of  Dock  Creek,  now  Dock  street. 
Forests  covered  the  site,  conies  burrowed  in  the  bank,  and  wild  ani- 
mals dashed  past  him  as  Penn  was  pulled  up  the  side.  The  situation 
pleased  him,  and  the  country  was  even  more  inviting  than  he  had 
been  led  to  believe.  "  I  am  very  well  and  much  satisfied  with  my 
place  and  portion.  '••"  '-•'  *  As  to  outward  things  we  are  satisfied; 
the  land  good,  the  air  clear  and  sweet,  the  springs  plentiful,  and 
provision  good  and  easy  to  come  at,  an  innumerable  quantity  of  wild- 
fowl and  fish;  in  fine,  here  is  what  an  Abraham,  Isaac  and  Jacob 
would  be  well  contented  with,  and  service  enough  for  God;  for  the 
fields  are  white  for  harvest.  Oh  how  sweet  is  the  quiet  of  these  parts, 
freed  from  the  anxious  and  troublesome  solicitations,  heresies  and 
perplexities  of  woful  Europe." 

Penn  understood  well  the  proprieties  of  social  life,  as  well  as  the 
advantage  of  politeness  to  good  fellowship.  He  took  early  occasion 
to  visit  New  York,  and  pay  his  respects  to  the  Governor  and  his 
associates  there.  But  wherever  he  went,  he  never  divested  himself 
of  his  character  as  a  laborer  in  the  vineyard  of  the  Lord.  Accord- 
ingly, after  haviug  taken  his  leave  of  the  Governor,  he  paid  visits 
to  the  members  of  the  society  of  Friends  living  on  Long  Island,  and 
in  east  New  Jersey,  which  had  previously  come  into  the  possession  of 
a  company  of  which  he  was  one,  and  everywhere  did  "  service  for  the 
Lord."  He  also  visited  Lord  Baltimore,  in  Maryland,  that  they 
might  confer  together  upon  the  subject  of  the  boundaries  of  the  two 


80  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

colonies.  As  the  weather  became  intensely  cold,  precluding  the 
possibility  of  taking  stellar  observations  or  jnaking  the  necessary 
surveys,  it  was  agreed  to  adjourn  the  conference  to  the  milder  weather 
of  the  spring. 

The  founder  took  great  care  to  secure  the  friendship  and  interest  of 
the  Indians  in  the  new  State.  He  accordingly  took  early  occasion  to 
summon  a  council  of  all  tlie  neighboring  tribes,  that  he  might  make 
a  formal  treaty  of  peace  with  them,  and  secure  a  legally  executed 
deed  for  their  lands.  The  meeting  was  held  beneath  the  shade  of  a 
giant  elm  at  Kensington,  ever  after  known  and  held  in  veneration  as 
the  "  Treaty  tree."  The  Indians  from  far  and  near  had  come,  as  it 
was  an  event  that  had  been  widely  heralded,  and  the  desire  on  the  part 
of  the  natives  to  see  and  hear  the  great  founder,  who  had  addressed 
them  the  year  before  in  sucli  loving  words,  was  doubtless  intense. 
Penn  came  with  his  formal  treaty  all  drawn  up,  and  engrossed  on  parch- 
ment, as  well  as  a  deed  for  their  lands.  In  his  letter  to  friends  in  Eng- 
and  he  describes  the  manner  of  the  Indians  in  council,  which  was 
doubtless  the  method  obs.erved  on  the  occasion  of  concludino:  the  ffreat 
ti-eaty.  "  I  have  had  occasion,"  he  says,  '^  to  be  in  council  with  them 
upon  treaties  for  land,  and  to  adjust  the  terms  of  ti*ade.  Their  order 
is  thus:  the  king  sits  in  the  middle  of  a  half-moon,  and  has  his 
council,  the  old  and  wise  on  each  hand.  ]je]iind  them,  or  at  a  little 
distance,  sit  the  younger  fry  in  the  same  iigure.  Having  consulted 
and  resolved  their  business,  the  king  ordered  one  of  them  to  speak  to 
me.  He  stood  up,  camo  to  me,  and  in  the  name  of  his  king  saluted 
me;  then  he  took  me  by  the  hand,  and  told  me  that  he  was  ordered 
by  his  king  to  speak  to  me,  and  that  now  it  was  not  he  but  the  king 
who  spoke,  because  what  he  should  say  was  the  king's  mind.  Hav- 
ing thus  introduced  his  matter,  he  fell  to  the  bounds  of  the  land  they 
had  agreed  to  dispose  of,  and  the  price;  which  now  is  little  and  dear, 
that  which  would  have  bought  twenty  miles,  not  buying  now  two. 
Dui'ing  the  time  that  this  person  spoke,  not  a  man  of  them  "was 
observed  to  whisper  or  smile,  the  old  grave,  the  young  reverent, 
in  their  deportment.  They  speak  little  but  fervently,  and  with  ele- 
gance. I  have  never  seen  more  natural  sagacity,  considering  them 
without  the  help  (I  was  going  to  say,  the  spoil  of  tradition)  and  he 
will  deserve  the  name  of  wise,  wlio  outwits  them  in  any  treaty  about 
a  thing  they  understand."  Penn  now  responded  to  them  in,  a  like 
sober  and  leverent  spirit,  assuring  them  that  the  I'ed  man  and  the 
white  man  are  equally  tlie  care  of  the  Great  Spirit,  and  that  it  is  his 
desire  to  live  in  peace  and  good  fellowship  with  them.  "  It  is  not 
our  custom,"  he  says,  "  to  use  hostile  weapons  against  our  fellow 
creatures,  for  which  reason  we  have  come  unarmed."  Penn  now 
unrolls  his  parchment,  and  reads  and  explains  the  force  of  each  article, 
all  of  which  is  interpreted  into  their  own  language, — though  it  should 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  81 

here  be  stated  that  Pemi  learned  the  Indian  language,  and  was  ahle 
to  speak  to  them  in  their  own  tongue.  "  I  will  not  do,-'  he  continued, 
"as  the  Marylanders  did,  call  you  children  or  brothers  only;  for 
parents  are  apt  to  whip  their  children  too  severely,  and  brothers 
sometimes  will  dift'er;  neither  will  I  compare  the  friendship,  between 
us  to  a  chain,  for  the  rain  may  rust  it,  or  a  tree  may  fall  and  break 
it;  but  1  will  consider  you  as  the  same  Hesh  and  blood  as  the  Christians, 
and  the  same  as  if  one  man's  body  were  to  be  divided  into  two  parts." 
In  response  to  this  declaration  the  spokesman  for  the  king  again 
comes  forward  and  makes  great  promises  and  declares  that  "  the 
Indians  and  the  En«:lish  must  live  in  love  as  long  as  the  sun  doth 
give  its  light."  Another  speaker  now  turns  to  the  Indians  and  ex- 
plains to  them  what  had  been  said  and  done,  and  counsels  them  "  to 
love  the  Christians,  that  many  Governors  had  been  in  the  river,  l)ut* 
that  no  Governor  had  come  himself  to  live  and  stay  here  before,  and 
having  now  such  an  one  that  had  treated  them  well  they  should 
never  do  him  nor  his  any  wrong,"  all  of  which  M'as  received  by  the 
entire  assemblage  with  accents  of  approval. 

Penn  took  special  pains  to  have  all  his  purchases  of  the  Indians 
executed  in  due  legal  form,  and  recorded  in  the  othces  of  his  govern- 
ment, so  that  if  any  question  concerning  the  conditions  should  arise 
there  should  be  the  exact  evidence  of  the  bargain  at  hand.  The 
Indians  themselves  had  no  method  of  recording  their  agreements,  but 
their  memory  of  such  transactions  was  remarkably  exact  and  tena- 
cious. They  had  some  arbitrary  way  by  which  they  were  able  to 
recall  their  knowledge  of  events.  The  Indian  missionary  and  his- 
torian saj'S,  "They  frequently  assembled  together  in  the  woods,. in 
some  shady  spot,  as  nearly  as  possible  similar  to  those  where  they 
used  to  meet  their  brother  Miquon  (I^enn),  and  tliere  lay  all  his  words 
and  speeches,  with  those  of  his  descendants  on  a  blanket  or  clean 
piece  of  bark,  and  with  great  satisfaction  go  successively  over  the 
whole.  *  ■^  '"  This  practice,  which  I  have  repeatedly  witnessed, 
continued  until  1780  (a  period  of  a  hundred  years),  when  disturb- 
ances which  took  place  put  an  end  to  it  probably  forever." 

The  venerable  elm  tree  under  which  this  noted  conference  was 
held  was  carefully  guarded  and  preserved.  Even  while  the  city  of 
Philadelphia  was  in  possession  of  the  enemy  during  the  Kevolution- 
ary  war,  and  firewood  was  scarce,  the  Treaty  Tree,  this  venerable  elm, 
was  preserved  from  mutilation.  The  British  General  Simcoe  sta- 
tioned a  guard  over  it.  It  stood  till  1810,  when  it  fell  a  victim  to 
the  storms,  and  was  found  to  be  283  years  old,  showing  that  at  the 
time  of  the  treaty  it  was  155.  The  Penn  Society  of  Philadelphia 
have  marked  the  spot  where  it  stood  by  erecting  a  durable  monu- 
ment. 

Of  Penn's  purchases  of  the  Indians   two   deeds  are  on  record, 


82  HISTORY    OF    OKEEN^E    COUNTY. 

executed  in  1683,  one  of  them  bearing  the  signature  of  tlie  i-enowned 
chieftain  Taniinend.  In  one  of  tliese  the  method  of  measurement 
was  unique.  The  terms  were  that  the  tract  should  embrace  the  ter- 
ritory between  two  rivers  and  "  shall  extend  as  far  back  as  a  man  can 
walk  in  three  days."  It  does  not  provide  whether  the  days  are  to  be 
from  sun  to  sun,  nor  at  M'liat  season  of  tlie  year  tlie  walk  is  to  be 
made,  nor  whether  a  day  shall  be  reckoned  at  twenty-four  hours,  or 
whether  the  walk  shall  be  executed  by  an  experienced  walker  at  the 
top  of  his  bent,  or  be  walked  leisurely.  But  Penn,  actuated  by  a 
sense  of  simple  justice,  construed  entirely  to  the  advantao-e  of  the 
Indians,  that  he  might  show  them  that  he  was  actuated  by  none  but 
the  most  exalted  motives.  Accordingly,  Penn,  himself,  with  a  num- 
ber of  his  friends,  accompanied  by  a  gay  party  of  the  natives,  made 
■the  walk.  They  did  not  turn  it  into  a  race,  but  treated  it  as  a  pleasure 
party,  proceeding  leisurely,  sitting  down  at  intervals  to  "smoke  their 
pipes,  eat  biscuit  and  cheese,  and  drink  a  bottle  of  wine."  Com- 
mencing at  the  mouth  of  Neshaminy  Creek  they  proceeded  on  up 
the  shores  of  the  Delaware.  At  the  end  of  a  day  and  a  half  they 
reached  a  spruce  tree  on  the  bank  of  ]>aker  Creek,  about  thirty  miles, 
when  Penn,  thinking  that  he  liad  as  much  land  as  he  would  want  for 
the  present,  agreed  with  the  Indians  to  stop  there  and  allow  the  re- 
maining day  and  a  half  of  space  to  be  walked  out  at  some  future 
time.  The  execution  of  the  Italance  of  the  contract  was  in  marked 
contrast  to  the  liberal  interpretation  of  the  founder.  It  was  not 
made  till  1733,  when  the  then  Governor  offered  a  prize  of  500  acres 
of  land  and  £5  in  money  to  the  man  who  would  make  the  greatest 
walk.  There  were  three  contestants,  and  one,  Edward  Marshall,  won 
the  prize,  making  a  distance  of  eighty-six  miles  in  the  single  day 
and  a  half,  an  unprecedented  feat.  The  advantage  taken  by  the 
Governor  in  this  transaction  gave  great  offense  to  the  Indians.  "  It 
was  the  cause,"  says  Jenney,  "of  the  first  dissatisfaction  between  them 
and  the  people  of  Pennsylvania;  and  it  is  remarkable  that  the  first 
murder  committed  by  them  in  the  province,  seventy-two  years  after 
the  landing  of  Penn,  was  on  this  very  ground  which  had  been  taken 
from  them  by  fraud." 

The  excellence  of  the  country,  the  gentleness  of  the  government, 
and  the  loving  society  of  Friends,  caused  a  good  report  to  go  out  to 
all  parts  of  Eui*ope,  and  thither  came  fiocking  emigrants  from  many 
lands,  from  London,  Cheshire,  Lancashire,  Ireland,  Scotland,  Ger- 
many, and  from  Wales  a  company  of  the  stock  of  Ancient  Britons. 
For  the  most  part  they  were  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  and  wei'e 
escaping  from  bitter  persecution  for  their  religion.  They  were,  con- 
sequently, people  of  pure  hearts,  good  elements  for  tlie  building  of  a 
colony.  On  landing  they  would  seek  the  shelter  of  a  tree  with  their 
household  goods,  and   there   they   would   live  till   they  could  secure 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  83 

their  land  and  erect  a  rude  shelter.  Some  betook  themselves  to  the 
river's  bank  and  dug  caves  for  temporary  shelter.  In  one  of  these 
caves  the  hrst  child,  John  Key,  was  born  in  the  new  city,  known 
long  after  as  Penny-pot,  near  Sassafras  street.  lie  lived  to  his 
eighty-iifth  year,  dying  in  1768.  It  will  be  seen  that  many  priva- 
tions had  to  be  endured,  and  so  great  was  the  influx  of  settlers  that 
food  was  sometimes  scarce.  But  the}'  were  patient,  accustomed  to 
toil,  and  devoted  in  their  worship,  so  that  the  colony  had  wonderful 
prosperity  and  increase. 

Penn's  own  impressions  are  conveyed  in  a  letter  to  his  friends  in 
England.  '•  Philadelphia,  the  expectation  of  those  who  are  con- 
cerned, is  at  last  laid  out  to  the  great  content  of  those  here.  The 
situation  is  a  neck  of  land,  and  lieth  between  two  navigable  rivers, 
Delaware  and  Schuylkill,  whereby  it  hath  two  fronts  upon  the  water, 
each  a  mile,  and  two  from  river  to  river.  *  ""  ••'  This  I  will  say 
for  the  good  providence  of  God,  of  all  the  places  1  have  seen  in  the 
Avorld  I  remember  not  one  better  seated;  so  that  it  seems  to  me  to 
have  been  appointed  for  a  town,  whether  we  regard  tlie  rivers,  or  the 
conveniency  of  the  coves,  docks  and  springs,  the  loftiness  and  sound- 
ness of  the  land,  and  the  air,  held  by  the  people  of  these  parts  to  be 
very  good.  I  bless  God  I  am  fully  satisfied  with  the  country  and 
entertainment  I  got  in  it."  P>y  the  course  of  the  river  the  city  is 
120  miles  from  the  ocean,  but  only  sixty  in  direct  line.  It  is  eighty- 
seven  miles  from  jS^ew  York,  ninety-live  from  Baltimore,  136  from 
AVashington,  100  from  Harrisburg,  and  300  from  Pittsburg,  and  is 
in  latitude  north  39°,  56',  54",  and  in  longitude  west  from  Green- 
wich 75°,  8',  45".  The  Delaware  at  this  time  was  nearly  a  mile 
wide  opposite  the  city  and  navigable  for  ships  of  the  greatest  tonnage. 
The  tide  here  has  a  rise  of  about  six  feet  and  flows  back  to  the  falls 
of  Trenton,  some  thirty  miles.  The  tide  in  the  Schuylkill  flows 
only  about  six  miles  above  its  confluence  with  the  Delaware.  The 
purpose  of  Penn  was  that  the  land  along  the  river  bank  should  be  a 
public  park,  holding  in  his  mind's  eye  its  future  adornment  with 
walks  and  fountains  and  statues,  trees  and  sweet  smelling  shrubs 
and  flowers;  for  when  pressed  to  allow  warehouses  to  be  built  upon  it 
he  resolutely  declared,  "  The  bank  is  a  top  common,  from  end  to  end; 
the  rest  next  to  the  water  belongs  to  front-lot  men  no  more  than 
back-lot  men.  The  way  bounds  them."  But  Peim,  at  this  early  day, 
in  the  simplicity  of  his  nature  had  little  conception  of  the  necessities 
wdiich  commerce  would  impose,  wdien  the  city  should  grow  to  the 
million  of  population,  which  it  now  has,  so  that  the  cherished  design 
of  the  founder  has  been  disregarded,  and  great  warehouses  where  a 
vast  tonnage  is  constantly  moving,  embracing  the  commerce  from  the 
remotest  corners  of  the  globe,  cumber  all  the  bank.  Penn  had  chei-- 
ished  the  purpose  of  founding  a  great  city  from  his  earliest  years, 


84  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

and  had  adopted  the  name  Philadelphia  (brotherly  love)  before  he 
had  any  reasonable  prospect  of  coining  to  America.  So  that  the 
name  was  not  a  matter  of  question. 

The  growth  of  the  province  was  something  wonderful,  and  caused 
Penn  to  say  in  a  spirit  of  exultation  unusual  to  him,  "  I  must,  with- 
out vanity  say,  I  have  led  the  greatest  colony  into  America  that  ever 
any  man  did  upon  a  private  credit."  Bancroft  very  justly  observes, 
"  There  is  nothing  in  the  history  of  the  human  race  like  the  con- 
fidence which  the  simple  virtues  and  institutions  of  William  Penn 
inspired.  The  progress  of  his  province  was  more  rapid  than  that  of 
New  England.  In  August,  1683,  Philadelphia  consisted  of  three  or 
four  litile  cottages.  The  conies  were  yet  undisturbed  in  their  heredi- 
tary burrows;  the  deer  fearlessly  bounded  past  blazed  trees,  uncon- 
scious of  foreboded  streets;  the  stranger  that  wandered  from  the 
river  bank  was  lost  in  thickets  of  interminable  forest;  and  two  years 
afterward  the  place  contained  about  six  hundred  houses,  and  the 
schoolmaster  and  the  printing-press  had  begun  their  work.  In  three 
years  from  its  foundation  Philadelphia  had  gained  more  than  New 
York  had  done  in  half  a  century.  It  was  not  long  till  Philadelphia 
led  all  the  cities  in  America  in  population,  though  one  of  the  latest 
founded.  liy  the  census  of  1800  Pennsylvania  led  all  the  other 
States  in  the  numl)er  of  white  population,  having  586.095;  New 
York,  557,731;  Virginia,  514,280;  Massachusetts,"  416,393;  North 
Carolina,  337,764;  Connecticut,  244,721;  Maryland,  216,326;  South 
Carolina,  196,255;  New  Jersey,  194,325;  New  Hampshire,  182,998; 
Kentucky,  179,873;  Vermont,  153,908;  Maine,  150,901:  Georgia, 
102,261;  Tennessee,  91,709;  Rhode  Island,  65,438;  Delaware, 
49,852;  Ohio,  45,028;  Indiana,  5,343;  Mississippi,  5,179. 


^^'R; 


V 


j/-^M.     46if^i^ 


/ 


HLSTORy    OF    GREECE    COUNTY.  87 


CHAPTER  YL 

CoNTROAKKSY  WITH  LoRD  Baltimork  Opkxp:d — Chartp:rs  Compared 
— Pexx  Visits  Lord  Baltimokk — Baltimork  Makes  Excuses — ■ 
Ambiguities  ix  Both  Charters — Baltimore  Offers  Disputed 
Lax]>s  for  Sale  axd  Drives  Out  Pexxsylvaxia  Owxers — 
Summons  to  Quit — Respoxse — Pexx  Offers  to  Purchase — 
Pexx  Carries  the  Coxtroversv  Before  the  Royal  CoMAtrssiox 
— Letter  to  His  Friexds  ox  Quittixcj  His  Coloxy — ForxD 
Officers  Sour  and  Sterx — New  Kixg  Friendly,  but  Mixistry 
Hostile  to  Dissexters  —  Claims  Com;promised — Elaborate 
Treaty  of  1760 — Lixf  Described — Local  Surveyors  Ap- 
poixTKD — Mason  axd  Dixox  Appoixted— Native  Surveyors' 
WoijK  Found  Coruect— Sample  of  Work — -Delaware  Line 
Established — Extracts  fko^f  Notj:s — '•Tisro''  Cleared — 
Horizontal  Measurement — Stone  Pillars  Set — Ixdians  Viean' 
Astronomical  Observations  wtth  Awe — War  Path  in  Greene 
County  Survi:y  Stops — Tedious  Labors  of  Surveyors — Boun- 
dary Stoxes  Cut  ix  Exolaxd — Cost  of  Sura  ey  for  Pennsyl- 
vania, $171,000— End  Not  Yet. 

THOUGH  feeling-  a  just  pride  in  tlie  prosperity  and  wonderful 
growth  of  his  colony,  Penn  was  not  free  from  tribulations. 
Language  could  not  be  made  more  explicit  than  that  employed  to  fix 
the  boundaries  of  his  province.  That  there  might  be  no  mistaking 
the  place  which  it  occupied  upon  the  continent  the  stars  were  called 
to  stand  as  sentinels,  and  science  was  invoked  to  fix  the  places  which 
they  marked.  But  the  ink  was  scarcely  dry  upon  the  parchment 
which  recorded  the  gift  before  the  whisperings  of  counter  claims 
were  heard.  Markham,  who  was  sent  forward  by  Penn  as  Lieutenant- 
Governor  to  take  possession  of  the  land  and  commence  surveys  upon 
it,  had  hardly  shaken  the  salt  spray  from  his  locks  before  he  was 
visited  at  Chester  by  Lord  Baltimore  from  Maryland,  who  presented 
his  claim  to  all  that  country. 

On  the  20th  of  June,  1632,  just  fifty  years  before  Penn  received 
his  patent,  the  King  had  granted  to  Lord  Baltimore  a  charter  for 
Maryland,  named  for  Henrietta  Maria,  daughter  of  Henry  IV.  and 
wife  of  Charles  I.,  bounded  by  the  ocean,  the  40°  of  north 
latitude,  the  meridian   of  the  western  fountain  of  the  Potomac,  the 


88  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

river  Potomac  from  its  source  to  its  mouth,  and  a  Hue  drawn  east 
from  Watkius  Point  to  tlie  Atlantic,  the  place  of  beo-inniiig.  This 
territory  was  given  to  iiim,  his  heirs  and  assigns,  on  the  payment  of 
a  yearly  rent  of  two  Indian  arrows.  Lord  Baltimore  exhibited  Ins 
claim  to  Governor  Markham,  and  to  satisfy  the  latter  that  his  claim 
was  valid,  he  nuide  an  observation  of  the  heavens,  which  showed  that 
the  latitude  of  Chester  was  twelve  miles  south  of  the  41° 
north  to.  which  he  claimed.  Had  this  claim  been  allowed,  the 
whole  of  Delaware  bay  and  river,  the  three  lower  counties,  now 
the  State  of  Delaware,  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  Yoi'k,  Chambers- 
burg,  Gettysburg,  indeed  the  whole  tier  of  southern  counties  would 
have  been  cut  oif  from  Pennsylvania.  As  it  will  be  seen  the  allow- 
ance of  this  claim  would  have  swallowed  all  the  settlements  which 
had  been  made  for  three  quarters  of  a  century,  and  all  the  wonder- 
ful emigration  and  growth  which  had  now  set  in,  including  the  great 
city  which  Penn  had  founded  with  so  much  satisfaction,  and  cherished 
with  his  pains  and  his  prayers,  as  well  as  the  fairest  section  of  his 
territory. 

Markham,  on  his  part,  exhibited  the  Pennsylvania  charter,  which 
explicitly  provides  that  the  southern  boundary  sliall  be  the  "  begin- 
ning of  the  40th  degree  of  northern  latitude."  But  this  would  have 
included  Baltimore,  and  even  as  far  south  as  the  city  of  AVashington, 
embracing  all  the  growth  of  the  Maryland  colony  for  half  a  century, 
and  would  have  only  left  for  Maryland  a  modicum  of  land  west  of 
the  Potomac  and  south  of  the  40°  north  along  either  shore  of 
the  lower  Chesepeake,  about  equal  to  the  present  State  of  Delaware. 
This  Lord  Baltimore  regarded  an  unendurable  hardship,  and  as  his 
charter  ante  dated  that  of  Penn  by  fifty  years,  he  held  that  the 
charter  of  the  latter  was  invalidated,  and  that  his  own  claim  could 
be  maintained. 

Li  this  condition  matters  rested  until  the  coining  of  Penn.  As 
we  have  already  seen  the  new  proprietary  made  it  his  business  to 
visit  Lord  Baltimore  very  soon  after  his  arrival  upon  the  Delaware, 
and  for  two  days  the  claims  of  the  two  governors  were  talked  over 
and  canvassed.  But  as  the  weather  became  cold  so  as  to  preclude 
the  possibility  of  taking  observations  to  fix  accurately  the  latitude 
and  longitude  of  the  place,  it  was  agreed  to  postpone  further  con- 
sideration of  the  question  for  the  present.  A  true  picture  of  these 
two  eminent  men  in  this  opening  controversy  would  be  one  of  great 
historical  interest.  But  we  can  well  imagine  that  while  the  rep- 
resentative of  Pennsylvania  preserved  throughout  this  conference  a 
demeanor  that  was  "  childlike  and  bland,"  there  was  in  the  brain, 
which  the  broad-brim  sheltered,  and  in  the  heart  which  the  shad- 
bellied  coat  kept  warm,  an  unalterable  purpose  not  to  yield  the  best 
portion  of  his  heritage. 


1II8TOKY    OF    GItEEXK    COUNTY.  89 

Early  in  the  spring  Penn  invited  Lord  Baltimore  to  come  to  the 
Dehiware  for  the  settlement  of  their  difierenees;  but  it  was  late  in 
the  season  before  he  arrived,  Penn  proposed  that  the  lieai'ing  be 
had  before  them  in  the  nature  of  a  legal  investigation  with  the  aid 
of  counsel  and  in  writing.  But  this  was  not  agreeable  to  Baltimore, 
and  now  he  complained  of  the  sultryness  of  the  weather.  J>efore  it 
was  too  cold,  now  it  was  too  hot.  Accordingly  the  conference  again 
broke  up  wjthout  anything  being  accomplished.  It  was  now  plainly 
evident  that  Baltimore  did  not  intend  to  come  to  any  agreement 
with  Penn,  but  would  carry  his  cause  before  the  royal  tribunal  in 
London. 

Penn  now  well  understood  all   the  conditions  of  the  controversy, 
and  that  there  were  grave  ditticulties  to  be  encountered.     In  the  first 
place  his  own  charter  was  explicit  and  would  give  him,  if  allowed, 
three  full  degrees  of  latitude  and   five  of   longitude.     On  the  other 
hand  the  charter  of  Baltimore  made  his  northern  boundary  the  for- 
tieth degree,   but   whether   the   beginning   or   the   ending   was   not 
stated.     l{  the  beginning,  then   Maryland  would  be  crowded  down 
necirly  to  the  city  of  Washington,  and   Pennsylvania  would  embrace 
the  city  of  Baltimore  and  the  greater  portion  of  wdiat  is  now  Mary- 
land and  part  of  Virginia.      On  the  other  hand,  if  the  ending  of  the 
fortieth  degree,  then  Philadelphia  and  all  the  southern  tier  of  counties 
would  have  to  be  given  up.     P>y  the  usual  interpretation  of  language 
the  charter  of  Baltimore  would   only  give  him  to  the  beginning  of 
the  fortieth  degree.     But  he  had  boldly  assnined  the  other  interpre- 
tation,  and    had    made   nearly  all   his   settlements   above  that   line. 
xVgain  it  was   provided    in   tlie  charter  of  Lord   Baltimore  that  the 
boundaries    prescribed    should    not    include    any    territory    already 
settled.     But  it  was  well  known  that  the  settlements  along  the  right 
bank  of  the  Delaware,  from  the  first  visit  of  Hudson  in  1609,  long 
before  the  charter  of  Baltimore  was  given,  had   been    made  on  the 
territory    now    claimed    by    him.     On  the  other   hand    there    were 
difficulties    in    construing    one    portion    of    the    charter    of    Penn, 
doubtless    caused    by   the  ignorance    of   the    royal   secretaries,  who 
drew:   it,    of  the   geography   of  the  country,  there  having   been  no 
accurate  maps  showing  latitude   made  at  this  time.     Consequently 
when. they  commenced  to  describe  the  southern    boundary  of  Penn- 
sylvania they  said,  "and  on  the  south  by  a  circle  drawn  at  twelve 
miles  distance  from  New  Castle,  Northwards  and  Westwards  unto  the 
heglimiiuj  of  the  fortieth  degree  of  Northern  Latitude;  and  then  by 
a   straight  line  westwards  to  the  limitt  of   Longitude   above  men- 
tioned," that  is  to  the  Panhandle  line,  as  now  ascertained.     But  t^his 
circle  Avhich  is  here  described  at  twelve   miles  distant  from    New 
Castle  northwards  and  westwards,  to  reach  the  beginning  of  the  for- 
tieth, would  not  only  have  to  bo  extended  northward  and  westwjird, 


90  IILSTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

but  southward,  and  the  radius  of  twelve  miles  southward  would  by 
no  means  reach  the  beginning  of  the  fortieth  degree,  and  hence  would 
have  to  be  extended  on  an  arbitrary  line  still  further  southward,  not 
provided  for  in  the  chai-ter.  The  royal  secretaries  seemed  to  have 
labored  under  the  impression  that  New  Castle  town  was  about  on  the 
beginning  of  the  fortieth  parallel,  whereas  it  was  nearly  two-thirds  of 
a  degree  to  the  north  of  that  line. 

it  must  be  confessed  that  there  wei-e  many  grave  difficulties  in 
the  way  of  a  satisfactory  adjustment  of  these  counter  claims,  and  it 
is  reported  that  Lord  Baltimore,  on  his  tirst  visit  to  Markluim,  after 
having  found  by  observation  the  true  latitude  of  New  Castle,  and 
heard  the  provisions  of  Penn's  charter  read,  dolefully  but  very  per- 
tinently asked:  "If  this  be  allowed,  where  then  is  my  province?" 
Baltimore,  from  the  very  moment  that  he  discovered  what  the  claims 
of  Penn  were,  had  evidently  resolved  not  to  make  any  effort  to  come 
to  an  agreement  with  Penn,  which  is  abundantly  shown  l)y  his  frivo- 
lous excuses  for  not  proceeding  to  business  in  their  several  inter- 
views; but  had  determined  to  pursue  a  bold  policy  in  pushing  the 
sale  of  lands  on  the  disputed  tract,  constantly  assuniing  that  his  in- 
terpretation was  the  true  one,  and  even  opening  an  aggressive  policy, 
trusting  to  the  luaintenance  of  his  claims  before  the  officers  of  the 
crown  in  England. 

Accordingly,  Baltimore  issued  proposals  for  the  sale  of  lands  in 
the  lower  counties,  now  the  State  of  Delaware,  territory  which  Penn 
had  secured  by  deed  from  the  Duke  of  York,  after  receiving  his 
charter  from  the  King,  offering  cheaper  rates  than  Penn  had  done. 
Penn  had  also  learned  that  Lord  Baltimore  had  sent  a  surveyor  to 
take  an  observation  and  find  the  latitude  of  New  Castle,  had  prepared 
an  €,v 2)CfHe  statement  of  his  case  and  was  actually,  by  his  agents, 
pressing  the  cause  to  a  decision  before  the  Lords  of  the  Committee  of 
Plantations  in  England,  without  giving  any  notice  to  Penn.  Be- 
lieving in  the  strong  point  of  possession,  Baltimore  was  determined 
to  pursue  a  vigorous  policy.  He  accordingly  drew  up  a  summons  to 
quit,  and  sent  a  messenger.  Colonel  Talbot,  to  Philadelphia  to  "de- 
mand of  William  Penn  all  that  part  of  the  land  on  the  Avest  side  of 
the  said  river  that  lyeth  to  the  southward  of  the  fortieth  degree  of 
north  latitude."  Penn  was  absent  at  the  time,  and  the  summons  was 
delivered  to  the  acting  Governor,  Nicholas  Moore.  But  upon  his 
return  the  Proprietary  made  answer  in  strong  but  earnest  terms, 
showing  the  grounds  of  his  own  claim  and  repelling  any  counter 
claim.  The  conduct  of  Baltimore  alarmed  him,  for  'he  saw  plainly 
that  if  settlers  from  Maryland  entered  his  province  under  claim  of 
protection  from  its  Governor,  it  would  very  soon  lead  to  actual  con- 
flict for  possession.  What  he  feared  came  to  pass  sooner  than  he  had 
anticipated;  for  in  the  spring  of  1684,  in  time  to  put  in  their  crops, 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  91 

a  company  from  Maryland  came  in  force  into  the  lower  counties, 
drove  oti"  the  peaceable  Pennsylvania  settlers,  and  took  possession  of 
their  farms.  Taking  the  advice  of  his  council,  Penn  sent  a  copy  of 
his  reply  to  the  demand  that  Talbot  had  brought,  which  he  ordered 
to  be  read  to  the  intruders,  and  ordered  William  Welch,  sheritf  of 
the  county,  to  reinstate  the  lawful  owners.  He  then  issued  his 
proclamation  reiterating  and  defending  his  claims,  and  warning  all 
intruders  to  desist  in  future  from  such  unlawful  acts. 

As  has  been  previously  observed,  if  Penn  should  tamely  submit 
to  the  claim  of  Paltimore,  his  entire  colony  would  have  been  swal- 
lowed up,  and  all  his  labor  would  have  been  lost.  This  result  Balti- 
more seemed  determined  to  effect.  To  the  peaceful,  quiet  and  loving 
disposition  of  Peim  this  contention  was  exceedingly  distasteful.  As 
for  quantity  of  land,  he  freely  declared  that  he  would  have  had 
enough  if  he  had  retained  only  the  two  degrees  which  would  have 
remained  after  allowing  Baltimore  all  that  he  claimed.  But  he  was 
imwilling  to  give  up. the  rapidly  growing  city  and  colonies  which  he 
had  founded,  and  more  than  all  to  yield  possession  of  Delaware  Bay 
and  river,  his  only  uieans  of  communicatiou  with  the  ocean.  He 
foresa,w  that  if  the  two  shores  of  this  noble  stream  were  in  the  pos- 
session of  hostile  States,  how  easy  it  would  be  to  make  harrassiiig 
regulations  governing  its  navigation.  But  Penn  was  a  man  of  just 
and  benevolent  instincts,  and  he  was  willing  to  make  reasonable  con- 
cessions and  compromises  to  secure  peace  and  satisfy  his  neighbor  in 
Maryland.  Accordingly,  at  one  of  their  interviews  Penn  asked  Balti- 
more what  he  would  ask  per  square  mile  for  the  territory  south  of 
the  Delaware  and  reaching  to  the  ocean,  though  he  already  had  tlie 
deed  for  this  same  land  from  the  Duke  of  York,  secured  by  patent 
from  the  King,  and  Baltimore's  own  patent  expressly  provided  that 
he  could  not  claim  territory  already  settled.  But  this  generous  oft'er 
to  repurchase  what  he  already  owned,  was  rejected  by  the  proprietor 
of  Maryland. 

Penn  now  saw  but  too  plainly  that  there  was  no  hope  of  coming 
to  a  peaceful  and  equitable  composition  of  their  differences  in  this 
country,  and  that  if  he  would  secure  a  decision  in  his  interest  he  had 
no  time  to  lose  in  repairing  to  London,  and  personally  defending  his 
riglits  before  the  royal  commission.  There  is  no  question  but  that 
he  came  to  this  decision  with  nnfeigned  regret.  His  colony  was 
prosperous,  the  settlers  were  happy  and  contented  in  their  new  homes, 
the  country  itself  was  all  that  he  could  wish  and  he  no  doubt  fondly 
hoped  to  live  and  die  in  the  midst  of  his  people.  But  the*  demand 
for  his  return  to  England  was  imperative,  and  he  prepared  to  obey 
it.  He  accordingly  empowered  the  Provincial  Council,  of  which 
Thomas  Lloyd  was  president,  to  act  in  his  stead,  and  on  the  6th  of 
June,  1684,  sailed  for  England.     From  on   board  the  vessel,  before 


92  HISTORY    OF    GUEKlSrE    COUNTY. 

leaving  the  Dehnvare,  lie  sent  buck  an  address  to  the  council,  in 
which  he  unbosoms  himself  freely:  "Dear  P'riends: — ^My  love  and 
my  life  is  to  you  and  with  you;  and  no  water  can  quench  it,  nor  dis- 
tance wear  it  out,  nor  bring  it  to  an  end.  I  have  been  with  you, 
cared  over  you,  and  served  you  with  unfeigned  love;  and  you  are 
beloved  of  me  and  near  to  me  beyond  utterance.  '^•'  '"'  *  Ob, 
that  you  would  eye  Him  in  all,  through  all,  and  above  all  the  works 
of  your  hands;  for  to  a  blessed  end  are  you  brought  hither.  '"  *  ■'•' 
You  are  now  come  to  a  quiet  land;  provoke  not  the  Lord  to  trouble 
it,  and  now  that  liberty  and  authority  are  with  you,  and  in  your 
hands,  let  the  government  he  upon  his  shoulders,  in  all  your  spirits; 
that  you  may  rule  for  Him,  under  whom  the  pi'inces  of  this  world 
will  one  day  esteem  it  their  honor  to  govern  and  serve  in  their 
places.  *  *  *  And  thou  Philadelphia,  the  virgin  settlement  of 
this  province,  named  before  thou  ^Yert  horn,  what  love,  what  service 
and  travail  has  there  been  to  bring  thee  forth,  a!id  preserve  thee  from 
such  as  would  abuse  and  defile  thee!" 

Upon  his  arrival  in  England,  on  the  6th  of  October,  he  took  an 
.early  opportunity  to  pay  his  respects  to  the  King,  and  the  Duke  of 
York,  "who  received  me,"  he  says,  "  very  graciously,  as  did  the  min- 
isters very  civilly.  Yet  1  found  things  in  general  with  another  face 
than  1  left  them — sour  and  stern,  and  resolved  to  hold  the  reins  of 
power  with  a  stiffer  hand  than  before."  In  a  letter  to  Lloyd,  of  the 
16th  of  March,  1685,  he  says:  "The  King  (Charles  L)  is  dead,  and 
the  Duke  succeeds  peaceably.  He  was  well  on  the  First-day  night, 
being  the  first  of  Fel)ruary  so  called.  About  eight  next  morning,  as 
he'sat  down  to  shave,  his  head  twitched  both  ways  or  sides,  and  he 
gave  a  shriek  and  fell  as  dead,  and  so  remained  some  hours.  They 
opportunely  blooded  and  cupped  him,  and  plied  his  Lead  with  red 
hot  frying-pans.  He  returned  and  continued  till  sixth  day  noon,  but 
mostly  in  great  tortures.  He  seemed  very  penitent,  asking  pardon 
of  all,  even  the  poorest  subject  he  had  wronged.  '"  *  ^'  He  was 
an  able  man  for  a  divided  and  troubled  kingdom.  The  present  King 
was  proclaimed  about  three  o'clock  that  day." 

The  new  king  being  a  personal  friend  of  Penn,  he  had  hopes  of  favor 
at  court,  and  did  secure  many  indulgences  for  his  oppressed  Friends 
in  the  kingdom;  but  the  ministry  was  bitterly  hostile  to  dissenters, 
and  he  found  his  controversy  with  Lord  Baltimore  very  difficult  of 
management.  Penn  now  pressed  his  controversy  with  Lord  Balti- 
more to  a  final  settlement,  and  in  November,  1685,  a  decision  was 
made  in  the  English  court,  compromising  the  claims  of  the  two 
Governors,  and  providing  that  the  portion  of  territor}'  between  the 
Delaware  and  Chesapeake  bays  should  be  divided  by  a  line  through 
the  centre,  and  that  the  portion  bordering  upon  the  Delaware  should 
belong  to  Penn,  and  that  upon  the   Chesapeake  to   Lord  Baltimore. 


HlSTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  93 

This  settled  the  dispute  fur  the  time;  bat  upon  attempting  to  measure 
and  run  the  dividing  line,  the  language  of  the  act  was  so  iudetinite 
that  the  attempt  was  abandoned,  and  the  old  controversy  was  again 
renewed.  Not  wishing  to  press  his  suit  at  once,  while  the  niemory 
of  the  decision  already  made  was  green,  Lord  Baltimore  sutiered  the 
controversy  to  rest,  and  each  party  laid  claim  to  the  territory  ad- 
judged,to  him  in  theory  by  the  royal  decree,  but  without  any  division 
line. 

On  the  28th  of  April,  1707,  the  goverment  of  Maryland  presented 
to  the  Queen  an  address  asking  that  an  order  should  be  juade  requiring 
the  autiiorities  of  the  two  colonies,  Maryland  and  Pennsylvania,  "  to 
run  the  division  lines  and  ascertain  the  boundaries  between  them, 
for  the  ease  of  the  inhabitants,  wdio  have  been  much  distressed  by 
their  uncertainty.  It  would  appear  that  the  controversy, — after 
William  Penu  in  1685  had  secured  the  lands  upon  the  right  bank  of 
the  Delaware, — was  left  to  work  out  its  own  cure,  as  a  definite 
ajyreement  was  entered  into  in  the  life  time  of  tiie  founder  that  the 
authorities  in  neither  colony  should  disturb  the  settlers  in  the  other, 
and  as  the  colonies  were  substantially  located  originally  with  a  dividing 
line  where  tlie  line  was  subsequently  run,  the  portion  of  territory  on 
this  disputed  belt  which  each  was  to  give  up  settled  itself,  and  only 
needed  to  be  specifically  delined,  surveyed  and  marked.  Repeated 
conferences  were  held,  and  lines  run;  but  iiothing  satisfactory-  was 
accomplished  until  the  4th  of  July  17G0,  when  Frederick,  Lord  Baron 
of  Baltimore,  and  Thomas,  and  liichard  Penn,  sons  of  the  founder, 
entered  into  an  elaborate  and  formal  treaty  by  which  the  limits  of  the 
t\V(j  provinces  were  provided.  The  boundary  lines  were  made  matliie- 
matically  exact,  so  that  there  could  b}'  no  possibility  be  further  con- 
troversy, provided  surveyors  were  found  who  had  the  skill  and  the 
instruments  necessary  for  determining  them. 

The  line  was  to  commence  at  Cape  Henlopen  on  the  Atlantic 
coast.  This  cape  as  originally  located  was  placed  on  the  point  oppo- 
site Cape  May  at  the  entrance  of  Delaware  Bay,  and  Cape  Henrietta 
was  fifteen  miles  down  the  coast.  Ijy  an  error  in  the  map  used  by 
the  parties,  the  names  of  these  two  capes  had  been  interchanged,  and 
Ilenlopen  was  placed  fifteen  miles  down  the  coast.  At  this  mis- 
taken point,  therefore,  the  division  commenced.  When  this  was 
discovei-ed,  a  complaint  was  made  before  Lord  Hardwick;  but  in  a 
formal  decree,  promulgated  in  1750,  it  was  declared  "■  that  Cape 
Henlopen  ought  to  be  deemed  and  taken  to  be  situated  at  the  place 
where  the  same  is  laid  down  and  described  in  the  maps  or  plans  an- 
nexed to  the  said  articles  to  be  situated." 

This  point  of  beginning  having  been  settled  the  dividing  lines 
were  to  be  substantially  as  follows:  Commencing  at  Henlopen  on 
the  Atlantic,  a  due  westerly  line  was  to  be  run  to  the   shores  of  the 


94  KISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

Chesapeake  Bay,  found  to  be  60  miles  298  perches.  At  the  middle  of 
this  line  a  line  was  to  be  run  in  a  direction  northwesterly  till  it  should 
form  a  tangent  to  the  circumference  of  a  circle  drawn  with  a  radius 
of  twelve  miles  from  the  spire  of  the  Court  House  in  New  Castle. 
From  this  tangent  point  a  line  was  to  be  run  due  north  until  it  should 
reacii  a  meridian  line  15  miles  south  of  the  most  southern  extremity 
of  Philadelphia,  and  the  point  thus  reached  should  be  the  northeast 
corner  of  Maryland.  If  the  due  north  line  from  the  tangent  point 
should  cut  off  a  segment  of  a  circle  from  the  twelve  mile  circuit, 
then  the  slice  thus  cut  off  should  be  adjudged  a  part  of  New  Castle 
County,  and  consequently  should  belong  to  Pennsylvania.  The 
corner-stone  at  the  extremity  of  the  due  north  line  from  the  tangent 
point  was  to  be  the  beginning  of  the  now  famous  Mason  and  Dixon's 
line,  and  was  to  extend  due  west  to  the  western  limit  of  Maryland. 

This  settled  the  long  dispute  so  far  as  it  could  be  on  paper,  but 
to  execute  its  provisions  in  practice  was  more  difticult.  The  primeval 
forest  covered  the  greater  part  of  the  line,  stubborn  mountains  stood 
in  the  way,  and  instruments  were  imperfect  and  liable  to  variation. 
Commissioners  were  appointed  to  survey,  and  establish  the  lines  in 
1739,  but  a  controversy  having  arisen,  whether  the  measurement 
should  be  horizontal  or  superficial,  the  commission  broke  up  and  noth- 
ing more  was  done  till  1760,  when  local  surveyors  were  appointed, 
John  Lukens  and  Archibald  McLean  on  the  part  of  Pennsylvania, 
Thomas  Garnett  and  Jonathan  Hall  for  Maryland,  who  commenced 
to  lay  off  the  lines  as  provided  in  the  indenture  of  agreement  entered 
into  by  the  proprietaries.  Their  first  care  was  to  clear  away  the 
vistas  or  narrow  openings  eight  yards  wide  through  the  forest. 
Having  ascertained  the  middle  point  of  the  Henlopen  line  they  ran 
an  experimental  line  north  until  opposite  New  Castle,  when  they 
measured  the  radius  of  twelve  miles  and  fixed  the  tangent  point. 
There  were  so  many  perplexing  conditions,  that  it  required  much 
time  to  perfect  their  calculations  and  plant  their  bounds.  After  these 
surveyors  had  been  three  years  at  their  work,  the  proprietaries  in 
England,  thinking  the  reason  of  their  long  protracted  labors 
indicative  of  a  lack  of  scientific  knowledge  on  their  part,  or  lack  of 
suitable  instruments,  employed,  on  the  4th  of  August,  1763,  two 
surveyors  and  mathematicians  to  go  to  America  and  conduct  the 
work.  They  brought  with  them  the  best  instruments  procurable  at 
that  time — an  excellent  sector  "  six  feet  radius  which  magnified 
twenty-five  times,  the  property  of  Hon.  Mr.  Penn,  the  first  which 
ever  had  the  plumb  line  passing  over  and  bisecting  a  point  at  the 
centre  of  the  instrument."  They  obtained  from  the  Royal  Society  a 
brass  standard  measure,  and  standard  chains.  These  surveyors  were 
none  other  than  Charles  Mason  and  Jeremiah  Dixon,  names  forever 
blazoned  upon  the  political  history  of  the  United  States,  magnates  at 


/*^ 


^'^ 


feSji: 


^tp^^^^^-^^   >^c/^^^^. 


History  of  greene  county. 


97 


home,  but  no  more  skilled  nor  more  accurate  in  their  work,  over 
mountains  and  valleys,  through  the  tangled  and  interminable  forests 
of  the  American  continent,  than  our  own  fellow-citizens,  McLean 
and  Lukens,  and  Garnett  and  Hall,  who  had  preceded  them. 

The  daily  field  notes  of  Mason  and  Dixon  commence  Nov^ember 
15th,  1763;  and  the  lirst  entry  is,  "Arrived  at  Philadelphia;"  16th, 
"  Attended  meeting  of  the  commissioners  appointed  to  settle  the 
bounds  of  Pennsylvania;"  22d  to  28th,  "  Landed  and  set  up  instru- 
ments, and  found  they  had  received  no  damage;"  December  5tli,  "  Di- 
rected a  carpenter  to  build  an  observatory  near  the  point  settled  by 
the  commissioners  to  be  the  south  point  of  the  city  of  Philadelphia," 
which  was  to  be  one  of  the  initial  points  of  the  line.  When  the 
observatory  was  finished  the  instruments  were  mounted  and  observ^a- 
tions  taken  to  fix  the  latitude  of  the  place.  That  the  reader  may 
observe  the  painstaking  accuracy  with  which  these  surveyors  con 
ducted  their  work,  there  is  subjoined  a  table  of  one  night's  observa- 
tions: 


1763 


(U 

-c 

s 

1 

a 

a 

to 

09 

oa 

<       . 

^ 

■^  a 

c3 

A  o 

bC-M 

OQ 

P5 

g^ 


K 


o  g 


< 


'^ 


Dec. 

o'   21. 


cc  a   Cygni 

] 

V  Androm 
B  Persei 
8      Do. 

! 

Capella 
I      • 
B  Aurige 

i  Castor 


20     34 


7     19 


30+ 
15— 

5+ 

5— 

50 

55+ 

35 — 


(8 
<8 
(7 
■<8 
<8 
"(8 

6 

7 
(7 
]10 

ni 

(8 
<8 
]6 


36     0 
20     i 

48+'o 

7     I 

7     i" 
45M'o 

38  r 

43     ^ 


16.0 
10.0 
26.3 
14.5 
5.5 
25.2 
46.2 


4    30    16.0  N.  faint. 


1 

14 

49.3 

N. 

0 

5 

26.3 

N. 

7 

4 

15.5 

N. 

5 

47 

18.5 

N. 

4 

57 

9.2 

N. 

7 

33 

21.8 

N. 

Cha:  Mason. 
Jere:  Dixon. 


Nearly  one  whole  year  was  spent  in  ascertaining  the  middle  point 
of  the  Henlopen  line  across  the  peninsula,  and  running  the  line 
northward  to  find  the  tangent  point  on  the  twelve  mile  periphery 
from  the  steeple  of  New  Castle  Court  House,  and  on  the  13th  of 
November,    1764,  they  make   the   following  entry  in  their  notes, 


98  IIISTOKY    OF    GREENK    COUNTY. 

"  From  data  in  minute  of  ye  27th  of  August,  we  computed  how  far 
the  true  tangent  line  would  be  distant  from  the  Post  (shown  us  to  be 
the  tangent  point),  and  found  it  would  not  pass  one  inch  to  the  west- 
ward or  eastward.  On  measuring  the  angle  of  our  last  line,  with 
the  direction  from  New  Castle,  it  was  so  near  a  right  angle  that  on 
a  mean  from  our  lines,  the  above  mentioned  post  is  the  true  tangent 
point."  Thus  it  was  shown  that  with  all  the  ditticulties  our  native 
surveyors  had  to  contend  with,  the  English  surveyors  found,  alter  a 
year's  careful  labor,  that  the  work  of  their  predecessors  was  correct. 
>^  On  the  18th  of  June,  1765,  Mason  and  Dixon  make  this  entry 
in  their  notes,  "We  set  seven  stones,  viz:  one  at  the  tangent  point, 
four  in  the  periphery  of  the  circle  round  New  Castle,  one  in  the 
north  line  from  tangent  point,  and  one  at  the  intersection  of  the  north 
line  (from  ye  Tangent  Point)  and  the  Parallel  15  Miles  South  of  the 
Sonithermost  Point  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  The  Gent:  Com- 
missioners of  both  provinces  present."  On  the  27th  of  October, 
170)5,  the  following  entry  was  made,  "  Capt.  Shelby  again  went  with 
us  to  the  summit  of  the  mountain  (when  the  air  was  very  clear), 
and  shewed  us  the  ISforthermost  bend  of  the  River  Potowmack  at 
the  Conoloways;  from  which  we  judge  the  line  will  pass  about  two 
miles  to  the  North  of  the  said  River.  From  hence  we  could  see  the 
Alleghany  Mountains  for  many  miles,  and  judge  it  by  its  appearance 
to  be  about  50  miles  distance  in  the  direction  of  the  Line."  On  the 
26th  of  September,  1766,  the  following  important  entry  was  made, 
"  From  any  eminence  in  the  Line,  where  15  or  20  Miles  of  the  Visto 
can  be  seen  (of  which  there  are  many)  the  said  line,  or  Visto,  very 
apparently  shews  itself  to  form  a  parallel  of  Northern  Latitude.  The 
line  in  measured  horizontal:  the  Hills  and  the  Mountains  with  a  16^ 
Feet  Level.  And  beside  the  Mile  Posts  we  have  set  Posts  in  the 
true  Line  (marked  W  on  the  west  side)  all  along  the  Line  opposite 
tlie  Stationary  Points,  where  the  Sector  and  Transit  Listruments 
stood.  The  said  Posts  stand  in  the  middle  of  the  Visto,  which  in 
general  is  about  8  yards  wide.  The  number  of  Posts  in  the  West 
Line  is  303." 

It  will  be  understood  that  this  '"  visto"  or  vista  properly,  was  a 
straight  east  and  west  belt  of  eight  yards  in  width,  cleared  by  the 
axmen  through  the  dense  forest  for  the  purpose  of  the  survey.  The 
view  from  these  eminences  to  which  they  refer,  must  have  been 
grand,  the  forest  for  the  most  part  resting  undisturbed,  as  it  had 
heen  for  ages,  the  two  sides  of  the  clearing  seeming  in  the  distance 
to  approachie^ch  other  and  join,  the  silver  current  of  the  river  show- 
ing here  and  there,  and  the  noisy  brook  tumbling  down  the  moun- 
tain side.  In  tlie  spring-time,  the  surveyors  were  often  awakened  in 
the  morning  by  the  gobbling  of  the  wild  turkeys,  and  the  rattle  of 


[ 


IIISTOUY    OF    GREENK    COTTXTY.  99 

their  chain  chimed  melodiously  with  the  distant  drumming-  of  the 
partridge. 

On  the  14th  to  18tli  of  July,  1767,  they  make  the  following 
entries:  "At  168  miles,  78  chains  is  the  top  of  the  great  dividing 
Ilidge  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains.  At  169  m.  6()  ch.,  crossed  a 
small  branch  of  the  Little  Yochio  (leni.  The  herfd  of  Savage  Iviver 
south,  distant  about  a  mile.  This  day  (16th)  we  were  joined  by  14 
Indians  deputied  by  the  chiefs  of  the  Six  JS'ations  to  go  with  us  on 
the  line.  With  them  came  Mr,  Hugh  Crawford,  Interpreter.  At 
171  m.  5  ch.,  crossed  a  branch  of  ye  Little  Yochio  Ceni,  171  m.  63 
ch.,  crossed  do.  the  last  time  (^in  the  whole  6  or  7  times).''  August 
17,  "  At  this  station,  Mr.  John  Green,  one  of  the  Chiefs  of  the  Mo- 
hock Nation,  and  his  Nephew,  left  us,  in  order  to  return  to  their  own 
country."  xj August  31,  "At  204  m.  11  ch.,  crossed  a  small  run  run- 
ning southward.  Here,  by  information,  the  Big  Meadows  are  north, 
distant  about  5  miles.''  "  At  217  m,  13  ch.  is  the  foot  of  the  Laurel 
Hill,  on  the  west  side."  "At  219  m.  22  ch.  25  Iks.  crossed  the  Cheat 
river  obliquely."  "At  222  m.  24  ch.  12  Iks.  is  the  top  of  a  very  high 
Bank,  at  the  foot  of  wdiich  is  the  River  Manaungahela,"  September 
27th  are  the  following  notes:  "  About  a  mile  and  a  half  north  of 
where  the  Sector  stands,  the  Rivers  Cheat  and  Manaungahela  joyn. 
The  mouth  of  Redstone  creek,  by  information,  bears  due  north  from 
this  station,  distant  25  miles.  Fort  Pit  is  supposed  to  be  due  north 
distant  about  50  miles."  September  30,  "  At  222  m.  34  chains,  50 
Links,  the  east  bank  of  ye  River  Manaungahela  at  222  m.  40  ch. 
25  links  the  west  bank,  breadth  about  5  chaines."" 

In  all  the  work  of  the  surveyors,  the  Indians  liad  preserved  an 
attitude  of  awe  and  superstitious  dread.  They  could  not  understand 
what  all  this  peering  into  the  heavens,  and  always  in  the  dead  of  the 
night  (as  all  astronomical  observations  must  be  made  at  that  time  of 
night  when  the  particular  star  desired  came  into  view)  portended. 
They  looked  with  special  distrust  on  those  curious  little  tubes  cov- 
ered with  glass,  through  which  the  surveyors  stood  patiently  watch- 
ing somebody  in  the  far  otf  heavens.  The  Six  Nations,  who  were 
supreme  in  these  parts,  had  given  permission  by  treaty  to  run  this 
line;  but  when  tliey  heard  of  the  methods  adopted,  we  may  well 
imagine  their  speculations  in  the  native  council  chambers,  in  the 
deep  shadows  of  the  wood,  touching  the  purpose  of  these  nightly 
vigils.  They  entertained  a  suspicion  that  the  surveyors  were  hold- 
ing communication  with  spirits  in  the  skies,  who  were  pointing  out 
the  track  of  their  line.  So  much  had  their  fears  become  wrought 
upon,  that  when  Mason  and  Dixon  had  reached  the  summit  of  the 
Little  Alleghany,  the  Six  Nations  gave  notice  upon  the  departui-e  of 
their  agents,  that  the  survey  must  cease  at  that  point.  But,  by  the 
adroit  representations  of  Sir  William  Johnson,  the  Six  Nations  were 


100  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

induced  to  allow  the  survey  to  proceed,  No  further  interruption 
was  experienced  until  they  reached  the  bottom  of  a  deep,  dark  val- 
ley on  the  border  of  a  stream,  marked  Dunkard  Creek,  on  their  map, 
where  they  came  upon  an  ancient  Indian  war-patli  winding  through 
the  dense  forest;  and  here  the  representatives  of  the  Six  IN'ations  de- 
clared that  this  was  the  limit  of  the  ground  which  their  commission 
covered,  and  refused  to  proceed  further.  In  the  language  of  the 
held  notes,  "•  This  day  the  Chief  of  the  Indians  which  joined  us  on 
the  16th  of  Jul}',  informed  us  that  the  above  mentioned  War  Path 
was  the  extent  of  his  commission  from  the  Chiefs  of  the  Six  Na- 
tions, that  he  should  go  with  us  to  the  line,  and  that  he  would  not 
proceed  one  step  further.'" 

For  some  days  previous,  the  Indians  had  been  giving  intimations 
of  trouble,  and  when  arrived  at  the  banks  of  the  Manaungahela, 
"  twenty-six  of  our  Men  left  us,"  say  the  notes,  "  They  Mould  not 
pass  the  River  for  fear  of  the  Shawnees  and  Delaware  Indians.  But 
we  prevailed  upon  15  ax  men  to  proceed  with  us;  and  with  them  we 
continued  the  Line  Westward.''  There  would  be  no  safety  to  the 
surveyors  without  the  Indian  escort,  as  they  would  be  at  the  mercy 
of  wandering  bands  of  savages,  who  knew  not  the  meaning  of  the 
word  compassion  or  mercy;  but  who  could  dash  the  brains  out  of  a 
helpless  infant,  and  tear  the  scalp  from  the  head  of  a  trembling 
and  defenceless  female  with  as  keen  a  relish  as  they  ever  sat  down  to 
a  breakfast  of  hot  turtle  soup.  Therefore,  there  was  no  alternative; 
and  although  they  Mere  now  within  30  miles  of  the  end  of  the  line, 
and  in  a  few  days  more  M'ould  liave  reached  the  limit,  thej  were 
forced  to  desist:  and  here,  on  the  margin  of  Dunkard  Creek,  on  the 
line  of  this  famous  Mar-path,  in  (Treene  County,  Mason  and  Dixon 
set  up  their  last  monumental  stone,  233  ni,  13  ch.  68  links  from  the 
initial  point  of  this  noM'  famous  line  M-hich  bears  their  name,  and 
ended  the  survey.  lieturning  to  Philadelphia  they  made  their  final 
report  to  the  commissioners,  and  received  an  honorable  discharge  on 
the  26th  of  December,  1767. 

The  work  of  those  surveyors  was  tedious  and  toilsome,  being 
conducted  in  the  primeval  forest  througli  Mdiich  a  continuous  vista, 
tM'enty-live  feet  wide,  had  to  be  cleared  as  they  went,  and  in  which 
they  M'ere  obliged  to  camp  out  in  all  M'eathers  of  a  changeable  cli- 
mate. To  keep  on  a  due  east  and  west  line  they  M'ere  exclusively 
guided  by  the  stars,  and  their  rest  at  night  must  constantly  be 
broken  by  these  necessary  vigils. 

By  the  terms  of  the  agreement  of  1732,  and  the  order  of  the 
Lord  High  Chancellor  IlardM'ick,  every  lifth  mile  of  this  line  M'as 
to  be  marked  by  a  stone  monument  engraved  with  the  arms  of  the 
Proprietaries,  and  the  intermediate  miles  by  smaller  stones  marked 
by  a  V  on  the  side  facing  Pennsylvania,  and  an  M  on  the  side  facing 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUXTY.  101 

Maryland.  These  stones  were  some  twelve  inches  square,  and 
four  feet  long,  and  were  cut  and  eno-raved  in  Ens^land,  and  sent 
over  ready  for  setting.  The  lixincr  the  exact  location  of  these  stones 
gave  no  little  vexation  to  the  surveyors.  This  formal  markinpj,  as 
directed,  was  observed  till  the  line  reached  Sidelong  Hill;  but  here, 
all  wheel  transportation  ceasing  for  lack  of  roads,  the  further  mark- 
ing was  by  the  "visto"  "eight  or  nine  yards  wide,"  "and  marks 
were  set  up  on  the  tops  of  all  the  High  liidges  and  Mountains."  Their 
entry  on  the  19th  of  November,  1767,  was  "  Snow  twelve  or  four- 
teen inches  deep;  made  a  pile  of  stones  on  the  top  of  Savage  Moun- 
tain, or  the  great  dividing  ridge  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains. 
West  of  this  mountain  to  ye  end  of  ye  line,  the  Mile  Posts  are  live 
feet  in  length,  twelve  inches  square  and  set  two  feet  in  the  ground, 
and  ronnd  thern  are  heaped  Earth  and  Stone  eight  feet  Diameter  at 
bottom  and  two  and  one  half  feet  high."  At  the  end  of  their  line 
in  Greene  County,  at  Dunkard  Creek,  they  say,  "we  set  up  a  Post 
marked  W  on  the  AVest  side,  and  heaped  ronnd  it  earth,  etc.,  three 
yards  andalialfin  Diameter  at  Bottom,  and  five  feet  High — the 
heap  nearly  conical,''  making  an  extra  large  mound  here,  as  if  to 
emphasize  it,  and  make  a  period  to  their  work,  until  it  should  be  re- 
sumed again,  but  which  proved  to  be  the  final  termination  of  their 
labors.  Mason  and  Dixon  were  paid  twenty- one  shillings  per  day 
for  their  labor,  the  entire  expense  to  Pennsylvania  being  £34,200, 
or  1171,000. 

Nothing  further  was  done  towards  completing  the  survey  of  this 
line  nntil  1779,  in  the  very  midst  of  the  Revolutionary  war.  So  far 
as  Maryland  was  concerned  the  controversy  was  at  an  end,  as  its 
w^estern  boundary  terminates  with  the  meridian  marking  the  source 
of  the  Potomac  River.  But  on  the  above  mentioned  date,  Patrick 
Henry,  then  Governor  of  Virginia,  addressed  a  letter  to  the  Governor 
of  Pennsylvania,  and  enclosed  a  resolution  of  the  House  of  Del- 
egates of  that  State  respecting  commissioners  to  be  appointed  for 
fixing  the  boundary  between  Virginia  and  Pennsylvania.  But,  as  this 
opens  an  entirely  new  subject  of  controversy,  involving  the  inter- 
pretation of  the  Virginia  Charter,  and  the  rights  of  the  Ohio  Land 
Company,  the  consideration  of  this  topic  will  be  reserved  to  the  proper 
place  in  the  narrative. 


102  HisTOKY  OF  gkp:,ene  county. 


CHAPTER  VII. 

Frencji  Claim  tiik  Entfre  Valley  of  the  Mississh'im — TriK  Peace 
OF  Kyswick — Tjik  Peace  of  Utrecht — The  Five  Nations  Sub- 
ject TO  THE  En(U.ish — France  Still  Confikmed  in  Possession 
OF  THE  Mississippi  Valley — Claim  of  the  English — The  Peace 

OF  AlX-LA-ClIAFELLE UNPRINCIPLED  TrADERS OhIO  COM- 
PANY Formed — The  Bov  Washington — (Jiiio"  Company  to 
.Locate  200,000  Ackes — French  Jealous — Sexd  Celeron  to 
Bury  Plates — Pass  Over  Ghataunqua  Lake — The  Route  by 
Presque  Isle  and  Le  Boeuf  Subsequently  Adopted — Indians 
on  the  Watch — Plate  Buried  at  Warren — Inscription  Upon 
Plate — ^ Plate  Dug  Up  and  Carried  to  Sir  AVilliam  Johnson 
— GovERNf)R  Clinton  Communicates  Contents  to  Lords  of 
Trade,  and  to  Governor  Hamilton — Speech  of  Indian  Chief- 
tain AND  Lnterpr1';tion  of  Inscription — Reply  of  Chieftain 
— Celeron  Plants  Another  Plateat  Indian  God — Another  at 
LoGSTowN — Expels  English  Traders — Sends  Lf:tter  to  Gov- 
ernor Hamilton  Warning  Him^ — -Other  Plates  at  Mouth  of 
Muskingum,  Great  Kanawha,  and  Great  Miami — Ascends  the 
Miami  and  Down  the  Maumee — -Plates  Found — Proprietary 
Disturbed — Notes  of  Croghan — Building  a  .  Fort  Contem- 
plated. 

AS  has  been  previously  observed,  it  was  held  as  a  principle  of  the 
law  of  nations  that  the  discovery  of  and  occupancy  of  the  mouth 
of  a  river,  entitles  the  discoverer  to  all  the  land  drained  by  that 
river  and  its  tributaries,  even  to  their  remotest  sources.  By  r.eason 
of  the  discoveries  of  Marquette  and  La  Salle,  and  the  formal  posses- 
sion taken  of  the  Mississippi  River  by  them  under  the  French  flag, 
France  laid  claim  to  all  the  territory  drained  by  this  river.  Had 
this  claim  been  allowed  all  that  portion  of  New  York,  Pennsylvania 
and  Virginia  lying  west  of  the  water-shed  formed  by  the  Alleghany 
Mountains,  would  have  been  given  up  to  the  French,  and  Greene 
County  would  have  been  settled  by  a  French  speaking  people,  the 
subjects  of  the  French  King. 

In  the  early  settlement  of  the  North  American  continent  by 
Europeans,  the  French  showed  by  far  the  greater  spirit  and  enter- 
prise, and  in  numbers  were  superior.       In  1688,  France  commenced 


HISTOKY    OF    GHEKXE    COUNTY.  103 

a  wasting  war  against  England  and  her  allies,  which  was  finally  con- 
cluded by  the  treaty  of  Ryswick,  by  which  France  was  confirmed  in 
the  possession  of  Hudson  Bay,  Canada  and  the  valley  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi; but  it  was  provided  that  neither  party  should  interfere  with 
the  Indian  allies  of  the  other.  Both  parties  laid  claim  to  the  Six- 
Nations  as  allies.  Jesnit  priests  were  active  in  endeavoring  to  win 
these  Indians  over  to  the  French,  which  induced  the  New  York  legis- 
lature, in  1700.  to  pass  an  act  "  to  hang  every  popish  priest  tliat 
should  come  voluntarily  into  the  province."  In  1698,  throuch  the 
offices  of  Count  Ponchartrain,  D'Iberville  was  appointed  governor, 
and  his  brother,  De  Bienville,  intendant  of  Louisiana,  and  were  sent 
with  a  colony  direct  to  the  month  of  the  Mississippi,  to  make  a  settle- 
ment there. 

Peace  between  France  and  England  was  of  short  duration,  and  in 
1701  war  broke  out  between  them,  which  was  wa^ed  alono;  the 
l)order  in  America  with  sanguinary  ferocity  and  cruelty.  It  was 
concluded  by  the  peace  of  Utrecht,  iii  1713,  by  which  England 
obtained  control  of  the  fisheries,  Hudson  P)ay  and  its  borders,  New- 
foundland and  Nova  Scotia,  or  Acadia,  and  it  was  expressly  stipulated 
that  "  France  should  not  molest  the  Five  Nations,  subject  to  the 
dominion  of  Great  Britain,  whose  possessions  embraced  the  whole 
of  New  York  and  Pennsylvania,  though  the  French  did  not  allow 
them  that  much  territory.  But  the  valley  of  the  Mississippi  still  re- 
mained to  the  French,  the  English  embassadors  not  being  alive  to  the 
importance  of  this  magnificent  stretch  of  country.  AVilliam  Penn 
had  advised  that  the  St.  Lawrence  should  be  made  the  boundary  line 
to  the  north  and  that  the  English  claim  should  include  the  great 
valley  of  the  continent.  It  "will  make  a  glorious  country"  said 
Penn.  The  failure  to  fix  definitely  the  bounds,  caused  another  half 
century  of  bitter  contention  and  bloody  strife,  in  which  the  ignorant 
savages  were  used  as  agents  by  either  party.  In  1748,  a  four  vears' 
war  was  concluded  between  the  old  enemies,  French  and  Ensflish, 
by  the  peace  of  AixLa-Chapelle,  by  which  England  was  confirmed 
in  her  possessions  in  North  America.  But  the  boundaries  were  still 
indefinite. 

France  claimed  the  Mississippi  valley  in  its  entirety;  that  is,  all 
the  land  drained  by  the  tributaries  of  the  great  river.  The  British 
crown  claimed  the  territory  on  the  upper  Ohio  on  the  ground  of  a 
treaty  executed  at  Lancaster,  Pennsylvania,  in  1744,  at  which  the 
share  paid  by  Virginia  was  £220  in  goods,  and  that  paid  by  Mary- 
land £200  in  gold.  On  this  purchase  the  claim  of  the  Iroquois  as 
allies,  and  the  claim  of  the  settlements  on  the  Atlantic  coast  of  ter- 
ritory westward  from  ocean  to  ocean,  rested  the  right  ot  the  English 
to  this  imperial  valley.  The  fact  is,  however,  that  the  party  which 
could  show  most  strength  in   men  and  money  was  destined  to  hold 


104  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

it.  By  the  raiddle  of  the  eighteenth  century  the  English,  in  respect 
to  force,  had  greatly  the  advantage.  As  early  as  1688  a  census  of 
French  North  America  showed  a  population  of  11,249,  while  the 
English  population  at  this  time  was  estimated  at  a  quarter  of  a 
million.  During  the  next  half  century  both  nationalities  increased 
rapidly,  but  the  English  much  the  faster. 

Previous  to  the  treaty  of  Chapelle  adventurous  traders  from 
Pennsylvania  had  explored  the  passes  of  the  x\lleghany  Mountains, 
and  pushed  on  to  the  borders  of  the  Monongahela  and  the  Ohio. 
By  the  good  offices  of  the  colonial  governors  of  I^ew  York  and 
Pennsylvania,  the  Six  Nations  had  been  kept  in  firm  alliance  with 
the  English.  The  French  had  sought  to  wnn  them  over  to  their 
power,  and  had  distributed  many  showy  presents.  Thinking  that 
the  simple  natives  would  never  know  the  difference,  the  French  had 
made  a  large  gift  of  bright  looking  hatchets,  but  which,  instead  of 
being  made  of  fine  steel,  were  only  soft  iron.  The  Indians  soon  dis- 
covered the  diflerence,  and  were  more  incensed  than  ever  against  the 
French.  Lest  the  latter,  who  were  active  and  vigilant,  might  gain 
an  advantage  on  the  Ohio,  Conrad  Weiser  was  sent  out  to  Logstown, 
a  few  miles  below  Pittsburg  on  the  Ohio,  in  1748,  with  valuable 
and  useful  ])resents  to  win  the  favor  of  the  natives.  It  was  seen, 
however,  that  the  valuable  trade  with  the  Indians  at  this  time  was 
in  the  hands  "of  unprincipled  men,  half  civilized,  half  savage,  who, 
through  the  Iroquois,  had  from  the  earliest  period  penetrated  to  the 
lakes  of  Canada,  and  competed  everywhere  with  the  French  for  skins 
and  furs."  More  with  the  purpose  of  controlling  and  legitimizing 
this  trade  than  of  efi^ecting  permanent  settlements,  it  was  proposed  in 
the  Virginia  colony  to  form  a  great  company  which  should  hold 
lands  on  the  Ohio,  build  forts  for  trading  posts,  import  English 
goods,  and  establish  regular  traffic  with  the  Indians.  Accordingly, 
Thomas  Lee,  president  of  the  council  of  Virginia,  and  twelve  other 
Virginians,  among  whom  was  John  Hanbury,  a  wealthy  London 
merchant,  formed  in  1749  what  was  known  as  the  "  Ohio  Company," 
and  applied  to  the  English  government  for  a  grant  of  land  for  this 
purpose.  The  request  was  favorably  received,  and  the  Legislature 
of  Virginia  was  authorized  to  grant  to  the  petitioners  a  half  million 
acres  of  land  within  the  bounds  of  that  colony,  "  west  of  the  Allegh- 
anies,  between  the  Monongahela  and  Kanawha  rivers;  though  part 
of  the  land  might  be  taken  up  north  of  the  Ohio  should  it  be  deemed 
expedient." 

It  was  at  about  this  period,  in  March,  1748,  that  a  boy  of  sixteen 
years  set  out  from  the  abodes  of  civilization  with  his  theodolite  to 
survey  wild  lands  in  the  mountains  and  valleys  of  the  Virginia 
colony.  In  a  letter  to  one  of  his  young  friends  he  says:  "I  have  not 
slept  above  three  or  four  nights  in  a  bed,  but  after  walking  a  good 


m 


en  I'i  AcJ"       ^  ciyi/H^ 


ifct 


HISTORY    OF    GKEElNrE    COUNTY.  107 

deal  all  day  1  have  lain  down  before  the  fire  upon  a  little  straw  or 
fodder,  or  a  bear  skin,  whichever  was  to  be  had,  with  man,  wife  and 
children,  like  dogs  and  cats;  and  happy  is  he  who  gets  the  berth 
nearest  the  fire."  This  youth,  thus  early  inured  to  hardship  and 
toil,  was  none  other  than  George  Washington,  destined  to  great 
labors  for  his  country,  and  a  life  of  patriotism  and  unbending  devo- 
tion scarcely  matched  in  the  annals  of  mankind. 

A  condition  of  the  grant  of  the  "  Ohio  Company"  was  that  two 
hundred  thousand  acres  should  be  located  at  once.  This  was  to  be 
held  for  ten  years  free  of  rent,  provided  the  company  would  put 
there  one  hundred  faujilies  within  seven  years,  and  build  a  tort 
sufiicient  to  protect  the  settlement.  This  the  company  prepared  to 
do,  and  sent  a  siiip  to  London  for  a  cargo  of  goods  suited  to  tlie 
Indian  trade.  Upon  the  death  of  Thomas  Lee,  tlie  president  of  the 
Ohio  Company,  which  soon  took  place,  Lawrence  Washington,  a 
brother  of  George,  was  given  the  "  cliief  management"  of  the  com- 
pany, a  man  of  enlightened  views  and  generous  spirit. 

But  the  organization  of  this  company,  and  the  preparations  to 
take  possession  of  the  Ohio  country,  did  not  escape  the  vigilant  eye 
of  the  French,  and  if  they  would  hold  the  territory  claimed  by  them 
they  must  move  at  once,  or  the  enterprising  English  would  be  there, 
and  would  have  such  a  foothold  as  would  render  it  impossible  to 
rout  them. 

Accordingly,  early  in  1749,  the  Marquis  de  la  Galisonniere, 
Governor  General  of  Canada,  dispatched  Celeron  de  Bienville  with  a 
party  of  some  two  hundred  French  and  fifty  Indians  to  take  formal 
possession  of  the  Ohio  country,  the  Alleghany  being  designated  by 
the  French  by  that  name.  P'ather  Bonnecamps  acted  as  chaplain, 
mathematician  and  historian  of  the  party.  The  expedition  started 
on  the  15th  of  June,  1749,  from  La  Chine  on  the  St.  Lawrence. 
Passing  up  the  river  through  the  net  work  of  islands  and  along  the 
shore  of  Ontario  to  Niagara  Falls,  they  commenced  the  labor  of 
debarking  and  transporting  their  entire  outfit  around  the  cataract. 
In  this  work  they  were  engaged  for  nearly  a  week;  but  by  the  13th 
of  July  they  were  again  afioat  on  the  waters  of  Lake  Erie.  At  a 
point  nearest  to  Chautauqua  Lake  they  landed  and  commenced  trans- 
porting their  boats  and  stores  overland  a  distance  of  eight  miles,  and 
over  a  water-shed  more  than  eight  hundred  feet  above  the  waters  of 
Lake  Erie.  The  party  was  accompanied  by  the  two  sons  of  Joncaire 
(Jean  Coeur)  who  had  lived  with  the  Indians  in  this  locality,  and 
knew  every  path  and  water  course.  To  them  Celeron  looked  for 
guidance  in  this  novel  voyage  over  land.  When  surveyors  had 
marked  the  track,  pioneers  cut  and  cleared  a  road,  over  which  the 
whole  was  transported  to  the  shores  of  Chautauqua,  where  they  again 
embarked,  and  passing  down  the  Conewango  Creek,  the  outlet  ot  the 


108  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

lake,  made  their  way  to  its  confluence  with  the  Allegheny  River,  near 
the  town  of  Warren.  Here  they  paused  to  commence  the  work  of 
possessing  tiie  country. 

It  may  ]»e  proper  to  ol)serve  in  this  connection  tliat  this  experi- 
-  ence  of  reaching  the  Chautauqua  Lake  with  a\\  their  impedimenta 
over  the  higli  ridge  was  so  toilsome  that  in  future  expeditions  they 
abandoned  this  route  and  went  by  the  way  of  Presque  Isle  (Erie) 
and  AVaterford,  where  they  struck  French  Creek  or  the  Venango 
River,  down  which  they  passed  to  the  Allegheny  River  at  Franklin. 
In  the  deposition  of  one  Stephen  Coffin  before  Colonel  Johnson,  of 
New  York,  he  says:  "  From  Niagara  fort  we  set  off  by  water,  being 
April,  and  arrived  at  Chadakoin  (Chautauqua)  on  Lake  Erie,  where 
they  were  ordered  to  fell  timber  and  prepare  it  for  building  a  fort 
there  according  to  the  Governor's  instructions;  but  M.  Morang, 
coming  up  with  five  hundred  men  and  twenty  Indians,  put  a  stop  to 
erecting  a  fort  at  that  place,  by  reason  of  his  not  liking  the  situa- 
tion, and  the  river  of  Chadakoins  being  too  shallow  to  carry  any 
craft  with  provisions  to  Belle  Riviere.  The  deponent  says  there 
arose  a  warm  debate  between  Messieurs  Babeer  and  Morang  there- 
on, the  first  insisting  on  building  the  fort  there  agreeable  to  his  in- 
structions, otherwise  on  Morang's  giving  him  an  instrument  in 
writing  to  satisfy  the  Governor  in  that  point,  which  Morang  did, 
and  then  Monsieur  Mercie,  who  was  both  commissary  and  engineer, 
to  go  along  said  lake  and  look  for  a  good  situation,  which  he  found 
in  three  days.  They  were. then  all  ordered  thither;  they  fell  to  work 
and  built  a  square  fort  of  chestnut  logs,  and  called  it  Fort  Le  Presque 
Isle.  ^'  *  ■"  As  soon  as  the  fort  was  finished  they  marched 
southward,  cutting  a  wagon  road  through  a  fine  level  country  twenty- 
one  miles  1 15J  to  the  river  aiu-  Boeufs  [Waterford]."  Thus,  though 
the  distance  to  Chautauqua  Lake  was  not  so  great  as  to  "Waterford, 
the  road  to  the  latter  was  "  through  a  fine  level  country''  and  not 
over  a  rugged  i-idge  as  at  the  former. 

Celeron  and  his  party  had  not  left  the  shores  of  Chautauqua,  where 
he  had  encamped,  probably  in  the  vicinity  of  Lakewood,  before  he 
discovered  that  his  movements  were  being  watched  by  the  natives. 
Parties  were  sent  out  to  intercept  them  and  cultivate  their  friend- 
ship, but  Avere  unsuccessful.  Having  reached  the  Allegheny  River  at 
or  near  AYarren,  as  we  have  seen,  Celeron  with  religious  ceremony 
took  possession  of  the  river  and  country,  and  buried  a  leaden  plate, 
on  the  south  bank  of  the  Allegheny  River,  opposite  a  little  island  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Conewango,  in  token  of  French  possession.  Upon 
this  plate  M^as  the  following  inscription  in  French:  "  L'an  1749  dv 
regne  de  Lovis  XV  Roy  de  France  novs  Celoron  commandant  don 
de  tachement  envoie  par  monsieur  le  mis  de  la  Galissoniere  com- 
mandant General  de  la  nonvelle  France  povr  retablir  la  tranquillite 


HISTORY    OF    GKEENE    COUNTY.  109 

dans  quelques  villages  sauvages  de  ces  cantons  avous  euterre  cette 
])Iac]ne  a  lentru  de  1'  riviere  Chinodabichetha  le  18  Aonst  pres  de  la 
riviere  Ojo  antrement  Belle  riviere  pour  monument  du  renovvelle- 
ment  de  possession  qne  nous  avous  pris  de  la  ditte  riviere  Oyo  et  de 
toutes  celles  qui  y  tombut  et  de  toves  les  terres  des  denx  cotes  jusque 
aux  sources  des  dittes  rivies  vinsi  que  out  Jovj  ou  du  Jovir  les  pre- 
cedents Roys  de  France  et  quils  sisont  maintenns  par  les  armes  et 
par  les  trattes  specialement  parceuxde  Risvuick  d'  Utrcbt  et  d'  Aix- 
La-Cbapelle." 

In  Englisb,  "  In  tbe  year  1749,  of  tbe  reign  of  Louis  XIY.,  King 
of  France,  AVe  Celeron,  commander  of  a  detacbment  sent  by  Monsieur 
tbe  Marquis  de  la  Galissoniere,  Governor  General  of  New  France,  to 
re-establisb  tranquility  in  some  Indian  villages  of  tbese  cantons,  bave 
buried  tbis  plate  of  lead  at  tbe  confluence  of  tbe  Obio  witb  tbe  Cbau- 
tauqua,  tbis  29tb  day  of  Jnly,  near  tbe  river  Obio,  otberwise  Belle 
Riviere,  as  a  monument  of  tbe  renewal  of  tbe  possession  we  bave 
taken  of  tbe  said  river  Obio,  and  of  all  tbose  wbicb  empty  into  it, 
and  of  all  tbe  lands  on  botb  sides  as  far  as  tbe  sources  of  tbe  said 
river,  as  enjoyed,  or  ougbt  to  bave  been  enjoyed  by  tbe  King  of 
France  preceding,  and  as  tbey  bave  tbere  maintained  tbem selves  by 
arms  and  by  treaties,  especiall)^  tbose  of  Kyswick,  Utrecbt  and  Aix- 
la-Cbapelle."' 

All  tbe  men  and  oflicers  were  drawn  up  in  military  order  wben 
tbe  plate  was  buried,  and  Celeron  proclaimed  in  a  strong  tone,  "  \  ive 
le  Roi!"  and  declared  tbat  possession  of  tbe  country  was  now  taken 
in  bebalf  of  tbe  Frencb.  A  plate  witb  tbe  lilies  of  France  inscribed 
tbereon  was  nailed  to  a  tree  near  by.  All  tbis  ofbcions  ceremony 
did  not  escape  tbe  keen  eyes  of  tbe  ever  vigilant  and  superstitious 
natives,  and  scarcely  were  Celeron  and  bis  party  well  out  of  sigbt  in 
tbeir  course  down  tbe  Allegbeny,  before  tbat  leaden  missive  witb  tbe 
mysterious  cbaracters  engraved  tbereon  was  pulled  from  its  place  of 
concealment,  and  fast  runners  were  on  tbeir  way  to  tbe  bome  of  tbe 
Iroquois  cbiefs,  wbo  immediately  dispatcbed  one  of  tbeir  number  to 
take  it  to  Sir  William  Jobnson,  at  Albany.  Mr.  O.  II.  Marsball,  in 
bis  admirable  bistorical  address  on  tbis  subject,  says:  "'Tbe  first  ot 
tbe  leaden  plates  Avas  brougbt  to  tbe  attention  of  tbe  public  by  Gov. 
George  Clinton  to  tbe  Lords  of  Trade  in  London,  dated  New  York, 
December  19,  1750,  in  wbicb  be  states  tbat  be  would  send  to  tbeir 
Lordsbips  in  two  or  tbree  weeks  a  plate  of  lead  full  of  writing  wbicb 
some  of  tbe  upper  nations  of  Indians  stole  from  Jean  Coeur,  tbe 
Frencb  interpreter  at  Niagara,  on  bis  way  to  tbe  River  Obio,  wbicb 
river,  and  all  tbe  lands  tbereabouts,  the  Frencb  claim,  as  will  appear 
by  said  writing.  He  furtber  states  '  tbat  tbe  lead  plates  gave  tbe 
Indians  so  much  uneasiness  tbat  tbey  immediately  dispatcbed  some 
of  tbe  Cayuga  cbiefs  to  bim  witb  it,  saying  tbat  tbeir  only  reliance 


110  HISTOEY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

was  on  him,  and  earnestly  beg-ged  lie  would  communicate  the  con- 
tents to  them,  which  he  had  done,  much  to  their  satisfaction  and  the 
interests  of  the  English.'  The  Governor  concludes  by  saying  that 
'the  contents  of  the  plate  may  be  of  great  importance  in  clearing  up 
the  encroachments  which  the  French  have  made  on  the  British  empire 
in  America.'  The  plate  was  delivered  to  Colonel,  afterward  Sir  Will- 
iam Johnson,  on  the  4th  of  December,  1750  (49),  at  his  residence  on 
the  Mohawk,  by  a  Cayuga  sachem." 

Governor  Clinton  also  wrote  to  Governor  Hamilton  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, as  shown  by  the  minutes  of  council,  as  follows:  ''*  *  *  I 
send  you  a  copy  of  an  inscription  on  a  leadeii  plate  stolen  from  Jean 
Coeur,  some  months  since,  in  the  Senecas'  country,  as  he  was  going 
to  the  river  Ohio,  which  plainly  demonstrates  the  French  scheme  by 
the  exorbitant  claims  therein  mentioned;  also  a  copy  of  a  Cayuga 
Sachem's  speech  to  Colo.  Johnson,  with  his  reply."  The  Cayuga 
sachem's  speech  was  as  follows:  '"'Brother  Corlear  and  AVar-ragh-i- 
ya-gheyl  I  am  sent  here  by  the  Five  Nations  with  a  piece  of  writing 
which  the  Senecas,  our  brethren,  got  by  some  artiiice  from  Jean 
Coeur,  earnestly  beseeching  you  will  let  us  know  what  it  means,  and 
as  we  put  all  our  confidence  in  you,  our  brother,  we  hope  you  will 
explain  it  ingeniously  to  us."  (The  speaker  here  delivered  the  square 
leaden  plate  and  a  wampum  belt,  and  proceeded.)  "I  am  ordered 
further  to  acquaint  you  that  Jean  Coeur,  the  French  interpreter, 
when  on  his  journey  this  last  summer  to  Ohio  Kiver,  spoke  thus  to 
the  Five  Nations  and  others  in  our  alliance:  'Children: — ^Your 
Father,  having,  out  of  a  tender  regard  for  vou,  considered  the  great 
ctitnculties  you  labor  under  by  carrying  your  goods,  canoes,  &c.,  over 
the  great  carrying  place  of  Niagara,  has  desired  me  to  acquaint  you 
that,  in  order  to  ease  you  all  of  so  much  trouble  for  the  future,  he  is 
resolved  to  build  a  house  at  the  other  end  of  said  carrying  place, 
M'hich  he  will  furnish  with  all  necessaries  requisite  for  your  use.' 
*  *  *  He  also  told  us  that  he  was  on  his  way  to  the  Ohio  River, 
where  he  intended  to  stay  three  years;  *  *  *  that  he  was  sent 
thither  to  build  a  house  there;  also  at  the  carrying  place  between 
said  riv^r  Ohio  and  Lake  Erie  (Presque  Isle  and  Waterford),  where 
all  the  western  Indians  should  be  supplied  with  whatever  goods  they 
may  have  occasion  for,  and  not  be  at  the  trouble  and  loss  of  time  of 
going  so  far  to  mai'ket  as  usual  (meaning  Oswego).  After  this  he 
desired  to  know  our  opinion  of  the  affair,  and  begged  our  consent  to 
build  in  said  places.  He  gave  ns  a  large  belt  of  wampum,  thereon 
desiring  our  answer,  which  we  told  him  we  would  take  some  time  to 
consider  of." 

Assuring  the  Indian  chieftains  of  the  unalterable  friendship  of 
the  English  towards  their  people,  and  the  enmity  and  duplicity  of  the 
French,  of  which  many  examples  were  cited.  Sir  William  Johnson 


HISTORY    OF    GREEXE    COUNTY.  12.1 

said:  "Their  scheme  now  laid  against  you  and  yours,  at  a  time 
when  they  are  feeding  you  up  with  fine  promises  of  serving  you 
several  shapes,  is  worse  than  all  the  rest,  as  will  appear  by  tlieir  own 
M'riting  on  this  plate."  Here  Johnson  translated  the  French  writing 
on  the  plate,  commenting  as  he  proceeded  on  the  force  and  intent  of 
the  several  parts,  and  explaining  the  purpose  of  the  French  in  bury- 
ing the  plate.  Proceeding  he  said,  "This  is  an  affair  of  the  greatest 
importance  to  you,  as  nothing  less  than  all  your  lands  and  best  hunt- 
ing places  are  aimed  at,  with  a  view  of  secluding  you  entirely  from 
us  and  the  rest  of  your  brethren,  viz:  the  Philadelphians,  the  Yir- 
ginians,  Avho  can  always  supply  you  with  the  necessaries  of  life  at  a 
much  lower  rate  than  the  French  ever  did  or  could,  and  under  whose 
protection  you  are  and  ever  will  be  safer,  and  better  served  in  every 
respect,  than  under  the  French.  These  and  a  hundred  other  sub- 
stantial reasons  I  could  give  you  to  convince  you  that  the  French 
are  your  implacable  enemies;  but,  as  I  told  you  before,  the  very  in- 
strument you  now  brought  me  of  their  own  writing  is  sufficient  of 
itself  to  convince  the  world  of  their  villainous  designs;  therefore  I 
need  not  be  at  the  trouble,  so  shall  only  desire  that  you  and  all  the 
nations  in  alliance  with  you  seriously  consider  your  own  interest  and 
by  no  means  submit  to  the  impending  danger  which  now  threatens 
you,  the  only  way  to  prevent  which  is  to  turn  Jean  Coeur  away  im- 
mediately from  Ohio,  and  tell  him  that  the  French  shall  neither 
build  there,  nor  at  the  carrying  place  of  Xiagaia,  nor  have  a  foot  of 
land  more  from  you.  Brethren,  what  I  now  say  I  expect  and  insist 
upon  it  being  taken  notice  of  and  sent  to  the  Indians  of  the  Ohio, 
that  they  may  immediately  know  the  vile  designs  of  the  French." 

Having  presented  a  belt  of  wampum,  by  way  of  emphasis,  and  to 
convince  the  natives  of  the  honesty  and  fidelity  with  which  he  spoke, 
the  sachem  replied:  "Brother  Corlear  and  War-ragh-i-ya-ghey,  I 
have  with  great  attention  and  surprise  heard  you  repeat  the  substance 
of  the  devilish  writing  which  I  brought  you,  and  also  with  pleasure 
noticed  your  just  remarks  thereon,  which  really  agree  with  my  own 
sentiments  on  it.  I  return  you  my  most  hearty  thanks  in  the  name 
of  all  the  nations  for  your  brotherly  love  and  coi'dial  advice,  which  I 
promise  you  sincerely,  by  this  belt  of  wampum,  shall  be  communi- 
cated immediately  and  verbatim  to  the  Five  JSTations  by  myself,  and, 
moreover,  shall  see  it  forwarded  from  the  Senecas'  castle  with  belts 
from  each  of  our  own  nations  to  the  Indians  at  Ohio,  to  strengthen 
your  desire,  as  I  am  thoroughly  satisfied  you  have  our  interest  at 
heart." 

Returning  to  Celeron  and  his  party,  whom  we  left  upon  the  deep, 
rapid  current  of  the  Allegheny  River,  where  they  found  rest  at  night 
beneath  the  sombre  forest  that  skirted  its  bank,  and  floated  by  day 
leisurely  upon  its  current,  we  see  them  passing  Indian  villages  and 


112  HISTORY    OP    GREENE    COUNTY. 

the  mouths  of  Oil  Creek  and  Venango  River  (Les  Boeufs),  without 
making  any  considerable  pause,  though  the  latter  point,  now  Frank- 
lin, was  then  a  station  of  importance.  But  at  the  Indian  God,  some 
nine  or  ten  miles  below  the  latter  point,  they  paused,  and  beneath  the 
shadow  of  an  immense  boulder,  on  which  had  been  cut  rude  figures 
held  in  superstitious  awe  by  the  natives,  on  the  south  bank,  opposite 
a  bald  mountain,  the  second  of  these  leaden  plates  were  buried,  ac- 
companied with  the  usual  formal  ceremonies  which  was  continued 
at  each  burial.  Resuming  their  journey  they  passed  Chartiers  Town, 
a  Shawneese  village,  now  deserted,  and  passed  the  mouth  of  the 
Monongahela  River  without  pausing;  but  at  Logstown,  some  twelve 
miles  below,  an  Indian  town,  now  a  place  of  importance  as  the  coun- 
cil house  of  the  sachems  of  surrounding  tribes,  they  made  a  landing. 
Here  the  agents  of  the  English  colonies  upon  the  Atlantic  were  ac- 
customed to  meet  them  and  make  their  formal  talks,  smoke  the  pipe 
of  peace,  distribute  the  high  piled  presents,  and  ratify  solemn  treaties 
which  were  not  to  be  broken  so  long  as  the  sun  and  the  moon  go 
round  the  earth.  Here,  too,  tlie  traders  brought  their  goods  and 
bartered  them  for  valuable  skins  and  furs,  and,  shame  to  say  it,  here 
these  conscienceless  traders  brought  kegs  of  lire-^yater,  and  when  the 
poor  Indians  were  made  drunken  were  cheated  and  abused.  Here 
Celeron  buried  another  of  his  plates,  and  discovering  a  number  of 
the  English  trading  with  the  Indians  his  wrath  was  kindled.  He 
expelled  these  intruders,  as  he  called  them,  and  made  a  speech  to  the 
assembled  Indians  of  many  tribes,  telling  them  that  all  the  country 
along  the  I)eautiful  River  belonged  to  the  Frencli,  and  that  they 
would  supply  the  Indians  with  all  the  goods  they  needed.  He  for- 
bade them  to  trade  with  the  English,  and  said  lie  was  now  on  his 
way  down  the  river  to  whip  the  Wyandots  back  to  their  hom.es.  The 
absolute  manner  of  Celeron,  more  than  his  words,  gave  offense  to  the 
Indians,  who  had  not  been  accustomed  to  be  spoken  to  in  that  way. 
Determined  to  effect  the  purpose  of  his  expedition  he  sent  from 
this  point  the  following  curt  letter  to  Governor  Hamilton  of  Penn- 
sylvania: "Sir:  Having  been  sent  with  a  detachment  into  these 
quarters  by  Monsieur  the  Manpiis  de  la  Galissioniere,  commandant 
general  of  New  France,  to  reconcile  among  themselves  certain  savage 
nations  who  are  ever  at  variance  on  account  of  the  war  just  termin- 
ated, I  have  been  much  surprised  to  find  some  traders  of  your  gov- 
ernment in  a  country  to  which  England  never  had  any  pretensions. 
It  even  appears  that  the  same  opinion  is  entertained  in  New  Eng- 
land, since  in  many  of  the  villages  I  have  passed  through,  the  English 
who  were  trading  there  have  mostly  taken  flight.  Those  whom  I 
first  fell  in  with,  and  by  whom  I  write  you,  I  have  treated  with  all 
mildness  possible,  although  I  would  have  been  justified  in  treating 
them  as  interlopers  and  men  without  responsibility,  their  enterprise 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  113 

being  contrary  to  the  preliminaries  of  peace  signed  five  montlis  ago. 
I  hope,  Sir,  for  the  future  you  will  carefully,  prohibit  this  trade, 
which  is  contrary  to  treaties,  and  give  notice  to  your  traders  that 
they  will  expose  themselves  to  great  risks  in  returning  to  these 
countries,  and  that  they  must  impute  to  themselves  the  misfortunes 
they  may  meet  with.  I  know  that  our  commandant-general  would 
be  very  sorry  to  have  recourse  to  violence,  but  he  has  orders  not  to 
permit  foreign  traders  in  his  government." 

Continuing  his  journey  down  the  Ohio,  Celeron  and  his  party 
took  formal  possession  of  the  country  by  burying  plates  at  the  nioutli 
of  the  Muskintjuni  River,  another  at  the  mouth  of  the  Great  Kan- 
awha,  and  the  sixth  and  last  at  the  mouth  of  the  Great  Miami.  Be- 
lieving that  he  had  now  covered  all  the  territory  that  was  likely,  for 
the  present,  to  be  claimed  by  the  English,  Celeron  paused  in  his 
course,  and  toilsomely  ascended  the  Miami  till  he  reached  the  port- 
age, where  he  burned  his  boats,  and  procuring  ponies,  crossed  over 
to  the  Maumee,  down  which  he  moved  to  Lake  Erie,  by  which  and 
Ontario  he  returned  to  Fort  Frontinac,  arriving  on  the  6th  of  No- 
vember. 

These  metal  plates,  planted  with  so  much  formality,  regarded  as 
symbols  of  French  power,  which  they  were  to  defend  with  force  of 
arms,  remained  for  a  long  time  where  they  were  originally  planted 
with  the  exception  of  the  lirst,  which,  as  we  have  seen,  was  immedi- 
ately disinterred  and  sent  to  Sir  William  Johnson.  That  buried  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Muskingum  was  washed  out  by  the  changing  of  the 
banks  in  the  Hood-tides,  and  was  discovered  in  1798  by  some  boys 
who  were  bathings  at  low  water  in  the  summer  time,  and  havino;  no 
idea  of  its  use,  or  the  purport  of  the  characters  cut  on  its  surface,  they 
cut  off  a  portion  of  it  and  run  it  into  bullets.  The  remaining  por- 
tion was  sent  to  (xovernor  DeWitt  Clinton,  of  New  York,  and  is  still 
preserved  at  Boston,  Mass.  That  which  was  buried  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Kanawha  was  found  in  1846  by  a  son  of  J.  W.  Beale,  of  Point 
Pleasant,  Virginia.  In  playing  along  the  river  bank  he  saw  the 
edge  of  it  protruding  from  the  sand  a  little  below  the  surface,  where 
it  had  been  carried  by  the  current.  It  was  dug  out  and  has  been 
preserved  in  its  original  form. 

As  may  be  well  imagined  the  intelligence  of  this  expedition  of 
Celeron  in  considerable  force  down  the  Ohio,  with  the  design  of 
taking  formal  possession  of  the  territory  which  the  river  drained  was 
viewed  with  concern  by  the  Proprietaries  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
especially  by  those  in  England  interested  in  the  colony  of  Virginia. 
They  saw  that  if  this  claim  was  maintained  by  the  French  their  ter- 
ritories would  be  vastly  curtailed,  and  the  claims  of  the  Massachusetts 
and  Virginia  colonies  from  ocean  to  ocean  would  become  abortive. 
The  then  proprietary  of  Pennsylvania  wrote  to  Governor  Hamilton 


114  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COltNTV. 

in  these  terms,  as  preserved  in  the  Colonial  Records:  "  The  account 
you  give  of  a  party  of  French  having  come  to  Allegheny  and  laid 
chiim  to  that  country,  and  the  tribes  of  Indians  with  whom  we  have 
lately  entered  into  treaty,  a  good  deal  alarms  me;  and  I  hear  the 
party  has  returned  to  Canada,  threatening  to  return  with  a  great 
force  next  year.  I  have  communicated  the  French  commandant's 
letter  and  paper,  with  an  account  of  the  affair  to  tlie  Duke  of  Bed- 
ford and  Lord  Halifax,  and  1  think  something  sliould  be  done  im- 
mediately, if  it  can  be  by  consent  of  the  Indians,  to  take  possession. 
This,  I  think,  you  should  advise  with  the  Council  and  Assembly 
about,  as  it  is  of  great  import  to  the  trade  of  the  Province  to  have  a 
settlement  there,  and  a  house  a  little  more  secure  than  an  Indian 
cabin.  I  make  no  doubt  the  Indians  would  consent  to  such' a  settle- 
ment; and  if  there  is  stone  and  lime  in  the  neighborhood,  I  think  a 
house  of  thick  walls  of  stone,  with  small  bastions,  might  be  built  at 
no  very  great  expense,  as  it  is  little  matter  how  rough  it  is  inside;  or 
a  wall  of  that  sort  perhaps  iifty  feet  square,  with  a  small  log  house 
in  the  middle  of  it,  might  perhaps  do  better.  The  command  of  this 
might  be  given  to  the  principal  Indian  trader,  and  he  be  obliged  to  keep 
four  or  six  men  at  it,  who  might  serve  him  in  it,  and  the  house  be  a 
magazine  for  goods.  If  something  of  this  sort  can  be  done,  we  shall 
be  willing  to  be  at  the  expense  of  four  hundred  pounds  currency  for 
the  building  of  it,  and  of  one  hundred  pounds  a  year  for  keeping 
some  men  with  a  few  arms  and  some  powder;  this,  with  what  the 
assembly  might  be  induced  to  give,  will  in  some  measure  protect  the 
trade,  and  be  a  mark  of  possession.  However  few  the  men  are,  they 
should  wear  an  uniform  dress,  that  though  very  small  it  may  look 
fort  like." 

This  recommendation  looked  to  the  l)uilding  of  a  Fort  on  the 
Ohio,  as  M'as  afterwards  done  at  Fort  Pitt,  and  was  a  wise  provision, 
if  the  encroachments  of  the  French  were  to  be  met  by  force.  Gov- 
ernor Hamilton  was  a  wise  and  politic  man,  and  instead  of  moving 
officially  in  the  matter  he  held  several  conferences  with  the  Speaker 
and  members  of  the  House  with  a  view  to  carrying  into  effect  the 
proposal  of  the  Proprietaries.  But  the  ruling  sentiment  of  the  As- 
sembly was  averse  to  assuming  a  warlike  or  force  attitude,  the  Quaker 
element  in  the  council  and  the  provident  members  opposed  to  the 
spending  of  public  money,  being  in  the  ascendant.  As  may  be  seen 
by  the  above  communication,  the  Proprietaries  had  no  religious  scru- 
ples against  warlike  preparations,  the  sons  of  Penn  having  forsaken 
the  religion  of  their  father,  John  Penn,  the  grandson,  and  subse- 
quently Governor,  showing  a  vigorous  war  spirit  against  the  Indians, 
and  even  going  so  far  as  to  ofl'er,  without  scruple,  graduated  bounties 
for  their  capture,  scalping,  or  death. 

Accordingly,  Governor  Hamilton  gave  instructions   to   the  State 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  117 

agents,  George  Croghan  and  Andrew  Montour,  who  had  been  sent 
out  to  distribute  presents  to  the  Indians,  and  who  made  Loo-stown 
their  headquarters,  to  ascertain  the  temper  of  tlie  natives  towards  the 
building  of  such  a  fort  as  the  letter  of  the  Proprietary  suggested. 
In  compliance  with  this  instruction,  Crogan  dispatched  a  letter  dated 
on  the  16th  of  December,  1750,  couched  in  these  words:  "Sir, — 
Yesterday  Mr.  Montour  and  I  got  to  this*  town,  where  we  found 
thirty  warriors  of  the  Six  Nations  going  to  war  against  the  Catawba 
Indians.  They  told  us  that  they  saM'  John  Coeur  about  one  hundred 
and  fifty  miles  up  the  river  at  an  Indian  town,  where  he  intends  to 
build  a  fort  if  he  can  get  liberty  from  the  Ohio  Indians.  He  has  live 
canoes  loaded  with  goods,  and  is  very  generous  in  making  presents 
to  all  the  chiefs  of  the  Indians  he  meets  with.  Ke  has  sent  two 
messengers  to  this  town,  desiring  the  Indians  here  to  go  and  meet 
him,  and  clear  the  road  for  him,  [that  is,  secure  the  consent  of  tlie 
Indians  to  his  coming],  to  come  down  the  river;  but  they  have  so 
little  respect  for  his  message  that  they  have  not  thought  it  worth 
while  to  send  liim  an  answer  as  yet." 

It  will  be  observed  from  this  note,  that  the  French  recoo-nized 
the  Indian  friendship  as  an  important  factor  in  holding  the  country, 
and  that  they  were  willing  to  spend  money  freely  in  furnishing 
presents  in  order  to  buy  it  over  to  their  cause.  Their  agent,  Jean 
C'oeur,  was  skilled  in  all  the  arts  of  Indian  diplomac}-,  and  had  lived 
much  among  them;  but  he  was  not  successful  in  his  lirst  essays  with 
these  Ohio  Indians.  On  the  20th  of  May,  1751,  Croghan  records  in 
his  journal,  •'  Forty  warriors  of  the  Six  Nations  came  to  Logstown, 
from  tlie  head  of  the  Oliio,  with  M.  Jean  Coeur,  and  one  Frenchman 
more  in  company.''  On  the  following  day  he  records  that  Jean 
Coeur  made  a  talk  to  the  Indians,  telling  them  that  Onontio,  Gov- 
ernor of  New  France,  directed  that  they  send  away  the  English  and 
deal  wholly  with  the  French.  The  Avords  of  Jean  Coeur  failed  of 
their  effect  upon  the  natives;  for  tlieir  chieftain  made  answer  that  he 
would  not  send  the  English  away,  but  would  trade  with  them  as  long 
as  he  lived,  and  that  "  if  he  had  anything  to  say,  and  was  the  man  he 
pretended  to  be,  he  should  say  it  to  that  man,"  pointing  to  Croghan. 

C)n  the  25th  of  May,  Croghan  again  records:  "  I  had  a  conference 
with  ]\Ionsieur  Jean  Coeur;  he  desired  I  would  excuse  him,  and  not 
think  hard  of  him  for  the  speeches  he  made  to  the  Indians,  request- 
ing them  to  turn  the  English  traders  away,  and  not  to  suffer  them 
to  trade;  for  it  was  the  Governors  of  Canada  who  oi'dered  him,  and 
he  was  obliged  to  obey  them,  though  he  was  very  sensible  whicli  way 
the  Indians  would  receive  them,  for  he  was  sure  the  French  would 
not  accomplish  their  design  with  the  Six  Nations,  without  it  could 
be  done  by  force,  which  he  said  he  believed  they  would  find  to  be  as 


118  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

difficult  as  the  method  they  had  just  tried,  and  would  meet  with  the 
like  want  of  success." 

It  will  be  seen  from  the  temper  of  this  conversation  that  Jean 
Coeur  was  convinced  that  the  Indians  were  not  in  a  temper  to  be  won 
over  by  fair  words  or  showy  French  presents;  but  that  force  would 
be  necessary,  and  in  that  they  would  fail.  But  he  had  been  sent  on 
this  mission  by  his  government,  and  it  was  necessary  for  him  to 
can-y  out  his  instructions.  Accordingly,  having  exhausted  his  diplo- 
macy with  the  Indians,  he  sent  the  following  missive  to  Governor 
Hamilton,  and  leturned  to  Canada:  "Sir, — Monsieur  the  Marquis 
de  la  Galibsoniere,  Governor  of  the  whole  of  IN^ew  France,  having 
honored  me  with  his  orders  to  watch  that  the  English  make  no 
treaty  in  the  country  of  the  Ohio,  I  have  directed  the  traders  of  your 
Government  to  withdraw.  You  cannot  be  ignorant,  sir,  that  all  the 
lands  of  this  region  have  always  belonged  to  the  King  of  France, 
and  that  the  English  have  no  right  to  come  here  to  trade.  My  su- 
perior has  commanded  nie  to  apprise  you  of  what  I  have  done,  in 
order  that  you  may  not  affect  ignorance  of  the  reasons  of  it;  and  he 
has  given  me  this  order,  with  so  much  the  greater  reason  because  it 
is  now  two  years  since  Monsieur  Celeron,  by  order  of  the  Marquis 
of  Galissoniere,  then  Commandant-general,  warned  many  English 
who  were  trading  with  the  Indians  along  the  Ohio  against  so  doing, 
and  they  promised  him  not  to  return  to  trade  on  the  lands,  as  Mon- 
sieur Celeron  wrote  you.'" 


IIISTOP.Y    OP    GREENE    COUx\TY.  119 


CHAPTER  VIII. 

Activity  OF  THE   ''Ohio  Company" — Exi-lokatioxs  of   Gist Puki-- 

AUATIONS  0¥  THE  FrENCH    TO  OcCUPY ArMS    SeXT  TO  IxDIANS 

Half    Kixo    AVarxs    the    Feexch — Ixsolext    Rei'ly Earl 

Holdekxess  Warxs  Go\ernors  of  the  Coloxies — War  Vessel 
Sent  to  Virgixia — ^Wasuixgtox  Commissioxed  to  Visit  Frexch 
Commander — Perilous  Jourxey — Selects  Site  of  Fort  Pitt 
— Provisions  Sext  from  New  Orleans — " AViiere  Does  tiiio 
Indian's  Land  Lie?" — JeanCoeur  at  Franklin — ^Receiyed  at 
LeBoeuf   V.Y   Legardeur  St.  Pierre — Answer — Politeness  of 

the  General — Refers  to  the  Marquis  DiQuesne Return 

OF   Washington — Treacherous    Indian   Fik-es   at   Him-  Sif- 

FERING     from     THE     CoLD    -  MaKES     HIS       RePORT     To     GoVERNoR 

Dinwiddie — Journal  Widely  Circulated — The  Intention  of 
THE  French  to  Hold  the  Ohio  Valley  ijy  Force  Cf-early 
Manifest. 

rpHE  goodly  lands  along  the  "Beautiful  River,"  and  its  many  tribu- 
J_  taries,  seemed  now  more  attractive  than  ever,  and  the  next  few  years 
succeeding  the  planting  of  plates  by  Celeron,  witnessed  a  vigorous 
and  sanguinary  struggle  for  their  occupancy.  And  now  commences 
the  active  operations  of  the  Ohio  Company,  chartered  by  the  Vir- 
ginia Legislature  by  authority  of  the  English  government,  previously 
detailed,  for  the  settlement  and  permanent  occupancy  of  this  coveted 
country.  How  Virginia  could  lay  claim  to  this  section,  so  clearly 
embraced  in  the  charter  of  Penn,  is  difficult  to  comprehend;  but  the 
grounds  of  the  claim  will  be  stated  in  a  succeeding  chaptei-. 

Boldly  assuming  the  right,  the  company  sent  out  from  Virginia, 
in  1750,  as  its  agent,  Christopher  Gist,  with  instructions  to  explore 
the  territory,  and  sound  the  temper  of  the  Indians  towards  its  set- 
tlement by  the  whites.  During  this  and  the  following  year,  he 
traversed  the  country  on  either  bank  of  the  Ohio,  as  far  down  as  the 
present  site  of  the  city  of  Louisville,  going  even  further  than  Celeron 
had  done  with  his  pewter  plates,  and  making  a  far  more  extensive 
and  thorough  exploration  of  the  country.  In  1752  he  was  present 
at  Logstown  as  commissioner  with  Colonel  Fry  in  concluding  the 
treaty  with  the  chiefs  of  the  Six  Nations,  which  secured  rights  of 
settlement  in  this  country.  The  French  were  ever  watchful,  and  the 
provisions  of  this  treaty  were  not  unknown  to  them  as  well  as  the 
explorations  of  Gist. 


120  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

The  evidences  of  activity  on  the  part  of  the  French  to  seize  and 
liold  this  country  by  force  were  not  wanting.  Early  in  May  an  ex- 
pedition was  sent  out  from  Canada,  prepared  to  assert  their  claims. 
The  commanding  officer  at  Oswego,  sent  the  following  intelligence 
to  Col.  Johnson,  dated  May  15,  1753:  "Yesterday  passed  by  here 
thirty  odd  French  canoes,  part  of  an  army  going  to  Belle  Riviere, 
to  make  good  their  claim  there.  The  army  is  reported  to  consist  of 
six  thousand  French."  On  the  2l6tof  May,  as  shown  by  the  Colonial 
Records,  "  the  Governor  laid  before  the  board  several  letters  from 
Governor  Clinton,  inclosing  accounts  from  Col.  Johnson,  and  from 
the  commanding  officer  at  Oswego,  that  a  large  armament  of  French 
and  Indians,  had  passed  by  that  Fort,  destinated  as  was  suspected 
for  Ohio,  in  order  to  take  possession  of  that  country,  and  to  build 
forts  on  that  river;  whereupon  he  had  dispatched  messengers  to  the 
governors  of  JVLaryland  and  Virginia,  and  likewise  Mr.  West  was 
sent  to  Susquehanna,  there  to  procure  and  send  away  two  messengers, 
one  by  Potowmack,  and  the  other  by  Juniata,  to  give  the  Indians 
notice  of  this  and  put  them  on  their  guard." 

The  forces  of  the  French  who  were  thus  reported  as  on  their  way 
to  the  Ohio,  though  greatly  exaggerated,  were  of  considerable 
strength,  learned  by  other  sources  to  consist  of  "  exactly  twenty-four 
hundred  men  and  eight  pieces  of  brass  cannon."  This  force  com- 
pleted and  manned  the  forts  at  Presquils,  Le  Boeuf  and  Venango, 
and  were  preparing  to  descend  the  river  in  force  in  the  following 
spring.  On  hearing  of  these  aggressive  movements  of  the  French, 
the  Virginia  authorities  became  much  alarmed  and  sent  to  the  Indians 
on  the  Ohio,  who  were  known  to  be  unwavering  in  their  friendship 
for  the  English,  "  one  hundred  small  arms,  powder,  shot,  and  some 
clothing,"  to  be  distributed  by  their  agents  Gist,  Montour  and  Trent. 
The  rumors  of  fort  building  by  the  French,  and  of  their  threatening 
to  come  as  an  army  with  banners,  greatly  agitated  the  minds  of  the 
simple  natives.  Their  chief,  the  old  Half  King,  Tanacharison,  who 
represented  the  Iroquois  here,  set  out  to  meet  the  French  at  Venango 
and  Le  Jjoeiif,  to  remonstrate  with  them  and  to  warn  them  away. 
But  he  was  received  with  no  consideration,  "and  was  discharged  home, 
and  told  that  he  was  an  old  woman,  and  that  all  his  nation  was  in 
their  favor  only  him,  and  if  he  would  not  go  home,  he  would  be 
put  in  irons."  So  strongly  had  the  imperious  manner  of  the  com- 
mandant worked  upon  the  old  chief,  that  upon  his  return  he  begged 
with  tears  in  his  eyes  that  the  English  would  go  off  "for  fear  they 
sliould  be  hurt."  To  subsequent  messages  from  the  Half  King,  the 
commandant  returned  this  message:  "  i3ut  this  I  will  tell  you,  I  am 
commanded  to  build  four  strong  houses,  viz:  at  Weningo,  Monon- 
galio  Forks,  Logs  Town  and  Beaver  Creek,  and  this  I  will  do." 

The  Half  King  still  persisting  in  his  demands  to  leave  the  conn- 


IIISTOKY    OF    GREEXE    COUNTY.  121 

try,  the  commandant  became  offensive  and  scnrrilous.  '•  Now,  my 
child,  I  have  heard  your  speech;  you  spoke  first,  and  it  is  my  time 
to  speak  now.  This  wampum  I  do  not  know,  which  you  have  dis- 
charged me  off  the  land  with;  but  you  need  not  put  yourself  to  the 
trouble  of  speaking,  for  I  will  not  hear  you.  I  am  not  afraid  of 
flies  or  mosquitoes,  for  Indians  are  such  as  those;  I  tell  you  that 
down  the  river  I  will  go,  and  build  upon  it,  according  to  my  com- 
mand. If  the  river  was  blocked  up,  I  have  forces  sufficient  to  burst 
it  open,  and  tread  under  my  feet  all  that  stand  in  opposition;  for  my 
force  is  as  the  sand  upon  the  sea  shore;  therefore  here  is  your  wam- 
pum; I  sling  it  at  3^0 u.  Child  you  talk  foolish;  you  say  this  land 
belongs  to  you,  but  there  is  not  the  black  of  my  nail  yours.  I  saw 
the  land  sooner  than  you  did.  It  is  my  land,  and  I  will  have  it,  let 
who  will  stand  up  for,  or  say  against  it." 

The  systematic  operations  of  the  French  in  building  a  line  of 
forts,  and  providing  cannon  and  a  strong  military  force  at  each,  sub- 
stantially on  the  same  line  that  Celeron  had  formally  taken  possession 
of  with  his  plates,  finally  aroused  the  attention  of  the  British  gov- 
ernment, and  the  Secretary  of  State,  Earl  Holderness,  addressed  the 
governors  of  the  several  colonies  urging  that  they  be  put  in  a  state 
of  defense.  The  communication  to  the  governor  of  Virginia  was 
considered  of  so  much  importance  as  to  be  sent  by  a  government 
ship.  It  reached  its  destination  in  October,  1753,  and  the  matter  of 
the  dispatch  was  of  such  pressing  import,  as  to  require  the  sending 
of  a  special  messenger  to  the  French  commandant  on  this  side  of 
the  great  lakes,  to  remonstrate  with  him  in  an  official  capacity  for 
intruding  upon  English  territory,  but  probably  more  especially  to 
ascertain  precisely  what  had  been  done  and  with  what  forces  the 
French  were  preparing  to  contest  their  claims. 

Robert  Dinwiddie,  then  Lieutenant-governor  of  \"irginia,  made 
no  dela}^  in  selecting  a  suitable  person  for  this  embassage,  and  his 
choice  fell  upon  George  AYashington,  the  Adjutant  General  of  the 
Northern  Division  of  the  Virginia  militia,  and  only  twenty-one  years 
of  -Acre.  It  should  here  be  observed  that  Lawrence  Washinn-ton,  the 
i)rother  of  George,  who  was  president  and  a  leader  of  the  Ohio  Com- 
pany, had  died  July  26,  1752,  and  that  by  his  will  a  large  share  of 
his  estates  and  interests  had  fallen  to  George.  He  consequently  had 
a  pecuniary  interest  in  holding  the  lands  of  the  Ohio  Company,  in 
addition  to  the  patriotic  one  of  discharging  a  public  trust.  It  should 
also  be  observed  that  Dinwiddie  was  a  large  stockholder  in  the  Ohio 
Company. 

The  youthful  Washington  made  no  delay  in  accepting  the  trust 
imposed  on  him,  and  though  now  the  inclement  season  of  the  year, 
he  quickly  had  his  preparations  completed  for  his  departure.  It  ap- 
pears from  the  following  note  to  the  Lords    of  Trade,  that  the  gov- 


122  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

enior  had  previously  sent  a  messenger  on  a  similar  errand:  ''The 
person  [Capt.  William  TrentJ  sent  as  a  commissioner  to  the  com- 
mandant oftlie  French  forces,  neglected  his  duty,  and  went  no  further 
than  Logstown,  on  the  Oliio.  He  reports  the  French  were  then  one 
hundred  and  lifty  miles  further  up  the  river,  and  I  believe  was  afraid 
to  go  to  them."  But  there  was  no  fear  on  the  part  of  George  Wash- 
ington, though  then  but  a  mere  boy,  and  he  was  soon  on  his  way. 
Tliat  we  may  understand  precisely  the  nature  of  his  mission  we  pre- 
sent the  commission  and  instructions  which  he  received:  "Whereas, 
I  have  received  information  of  a  body  of  French  forces  being  as- 
sembled in  a  hostile  manner  on  the  river  Ohio,  intending  by  force 
of  arms  to  erect  certain  forts  on  said  river  within  this  territory,  and 
contrary  to  the  dignity  and  peace  of  our  sovereign,  the  King  of 
Great  Britain,  These  are,  therefore,  to  require  and  direct  you,  the 
said  George  Washington,  forthwith  to  repair  to  Logstown,  on  the 
said  river  Ohio,  and,  having  there  informed  yourself  where  the  French 
forces  have  posted  themsehes,  thereupon,  to  proceed  to  such  place, 
and,  being  there  arrived,  to  present  your  credentials,  together  with 
my  letter,  to  the  cliief  commanding  officer,  and  in  the  name  of  his 
Britanic  Majesty,  to  demand  an  answer,  thereto.  On  your  arrival  at 
Logstown,  you  are  to  address  yourself  to  the  Half  King,  to  Mon- 
acatoocha,  and  the  other  Sachems  of  the  Six  Nations,  acquainting 
them  with  your  orders  to  visit  and  deliver  my  letter  to  the  French 
commanding  officer,  and  desiring  the  said  chiefs  to  appoint  you  a 
sufficient  number  of  their  warriors  to  be  your  safeguard,  as  near 
the  French  as  you  may  desire,  and  to  await  your  further  direc- 
tion. You  are  diligently  to  inquire  into  the  numbers  and  force  of 
the  French  on  the  Ohio  and  the  adjacent  country,  how  they  are 
likely  to  be  assisted  from  Canada,  and  what  are  the  difficulties 
and  con^  eniences  of  that  communication,  and  the  time  required  for 
it.  You  are  to  take  care  to  be  truly  informed  what  forts  the 
French  have  erected,  and  where;  how  they  are  garrisoned  and  ap- 
pointed, and  what  is  their  distance  from  each  other,  and  from  Logs- 
town,  and  from  the  best  intelligence  you  can  procure,  you  are  to 
learn  what  gave  occasion  to  this  expedition  of  the  French;  how  they 
are  likely  to  be  supported,  and  what  their  pretensions  are.  When  the 
commandant  has  given  you  the  required,  and  necessary  dispatches, 
you  are  to  desire  of  him  a  proper  guard  to  protect  yon  as  far  on  your 
return,  as  you  may  judge  for  your  safety  against  any  straggling 
Indians  or  hunters  that  may  be  ignorant  of  your  character  and  molest 
you.'" 

It  will  be  observed  that  the  ship  bearing  the  j'oyal  dispatch 
reached  Virginia  in  October.  This  letter  of  instructions  was  dated 
October  30th,  1753,  and  on  the  same  day  the  youthful  envoy  left 
Willianjsburg,  reacliing  Fredericksburg  on  the  81st.     Hereheengaged 


IIISTOKY    OF    GKKENP:    COUNTY.  123 

his  old  "  master  of  fence,"  one  Jacob  Yan  Branm,  a  .soldier  of  for- 
tune, as  interpreter,  though  as  Irving  observes,  "  the  veteran  swords- 
man was  but  inditferently  versed  either  in  French  or  Eno-'ii^li.'' 
I'urchasing  horses  and  tents  at  Winchester,  he  bade  good-l)ve  to  the 
abodes  of  civilization,  and  pushed  on  over  mountain  and  across 
stream,  through  the  wilderness,  on  his  important  and  perilous  mis- 
sion. At  "Will's  Creek,  now  Cumberland,  he  engaged  Mr.  Gist, 
who  had  been  the  agent  of  the  Ohio  Company  in  explorintr  all  that 
region  and  negotiating  with  the  natives,  to  pilot  him  on,  and  secured 
the  services  of  John  Davidson  as  Indian  interpreter,  and  four  fron- 
tiersmen. AVith  this  escort  he  set  out  on  the  15th  of  November,  but 
found  his  way  impeded  by  storms  of  rain  and  snow.  Passing  Gist's 
cabin,  now  Mount  Braddock,  and  John  Frazier's  place  at  the  mouth 
of  Turtle  Creek  on  the  Monongahela  River,  and  finding  the  river 
swollen  by  recent  rains,  he  placed  his  luggage  in  a  canoe,  thus  re- 
lieving the  horses,  and  himself  rode  on  to  the  confluence  of  the 
Monongahela  with  the  Ohio.  "  As  I  got  down  before  the  canoe" 
he  writes  in  his  journal,  "  I  spent  some  time  in  viewing  the  rivers, 
and  the  land  at  the  Fork,  [now  Pittsburg],  which  I  think  extremely 
M'ell  suited  for  a  fort,  as  it  has  the  absolute  command  of  both  rivers. 
The  land  at  the  point  is  twenty  or  twenty-five  feet  above  the  com- 
mon surface  of  the  water,  and  a  considerable  bottom  of  flat,  well 
timbered  all  around  it,  very  convenient  for  buildinor.  The  rivers  are 
each  a  quarter  of  a  mile  or  more  across,  and  run  here  veiy  nearly  at 
right  angles;  Allegheny  bearing  northeast,  and  Monongahela  south- 
west. The  former  of  these  two  is  a  very  rapid  and  swift  running 
water,  the  other  deep  and  still  without  any  perceptible  fall." 

It  had  been  proposed,  by  the  agents  of  the  Ohio  Company,  to 
build  a  fort  two  miles  below  the  forks  on  the  south  side,  where  lived 
Shingiss,  chief  Sachem  of  the  Delawares.  But  Washington  says  in 
his  journal,  ''As  I  had  taken  a  good  deal  of  notice  yesterday  of  the 
situation  at  the  fork,  my  curiosity  led  me  to  examine  this  more 
particularly,  and  I  think  it  greatly  inferior,  either  for  defence  or  ad- 
vantages." The  good  judgment  of  Washington  in  preferring  the 
forks  for  a  fort  was  subsequently  confirmed  by  the  French  engineers, 
who  adopted  the  site  at  the  forks.  At  Logstown,  which  was  twelve 
miles  below  the  forks,  Washington  met  ten  Frenchmen,  deserters 
from  a  party  of  one  hundred,  who  had  been  sent  up  from  New 
Orleans  with  eight  canoe  loads  of  provisions  to  this  place,  where  they 
expected  to  meet  a  force  from  Lake  Erie.  This  showed  unmistak- 
able evidence  that  the  French  were  determined  to  take  forcible  pos- 
session of  the  country.  The  wily  chieftains  asked  Washington  why  he 
wanted  to  communicate  with  the  French  commandant,  and  being 
naturally  snspicious  that  they  had  not  fathomed  all  the  purposes,  and 
Ijearings    of  this    mission,  they  delayed    him  l:)y   their    maneuvres. 


124  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

Indeed,  an  old  Indian  Sachem  had  previously  propounded,  to  Mr. 
Clist,  while  snrveying  the  lands  south  of  the  Ohio,  this  question, 
"  The  French  claim  all  the  land  on  one  side  of  the  Ohio,  the  En- 
glish claim  all  the  land  on  the  other  side — now  where  does  the 
Indian's  land  lie  ?"  There  was,  undoubtedly,  a  suspicion  in  the 
minds  of  these  dnsky  kings  that  the  English  as  well  as  the  French 
were  preparing  to  occupy  this  delectable  country.  "  Poor  savages  !" 
exclaims  Mr.  Irving,  "  Between  their ' fathers ',  the  French,  and  their 
'brothers,'  the  English,  they  were  in  a  fair  way  of  being  most  loving- 
ly shared  out  of  the  whole  country." 

Finally,  after  having  been  detained  about  a  week  by  Indian 
diplomacy,  Washington  set  out  on  the  30tli  of  November,  with  an 
additonal  escort  of  three  of  the  Indian  chiefs,  Half  King,  Jeskakake 
and  White  Thunder,  and  one  of  their  best  hunters.  A  toilsome 
journey  of  live  days  brought  the  party  to  Yenango,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Venango  River,  or  French  Creek,  where  the  French  flag  was 
floating  upon  a  cabin  which  had  been  occupied  by  the  same  John 
Frazier  visited  on  the  Monongahela,  where  he  had  plied  the  trade  of 
a  gunsmith;  but  from  which  he  had  been  driven  by  the  French. 
Captain  Jean  Coeur  was  in  command  here,  who  said  he  was  in  com- 
mand on  the  Ohio,  but  he  advised  Washington  to  present  his  creden- 
tials for  an  answer,  to  a  general  ofticer  who  had  his  headquarters  at 
"  the  near  fort."  "  He  invited  me  to  sup  with  them  "  the  journal 
proceeds,  ^'and  treated  us  with  the  greatest  complaisance.  The  wine 
as  they  dosed  themselves  pretty  plentifully  with  it  soon  banished  the 
restraint  which  at  flrst  appeared  in  their  conversation,  and  gave  a 
license  to  their  tongues  to  reveal  their  sentiments  more  freely.  They 
told  me  that  it  was  their  absolute  design  to  take  possession  of  the 
Ohio,  and  by  G — d  they  would  do  it;  for  that  though  they  were 
sensible  the  English  had  two  men  for  their  one,  yet  they  knew  their 
motions  were  too  slow  and  dilatory  to  prevent  any  undertaking  of 
theirs."  But  the  French  had  yet  something  to  learn  of  the  temper 
and  steady  endurance  of  the  English  in  America.  Washington 
ascertained  that  there  had  been  some  "  flfteen  hundred  men  on  this 
side  of  Ontario  lake.  But  upon  the  death  of  the  General  all  were 
recalled  to  about  six  or  seven  hundred,  who  were  left  to  garrison 
four  forts,  one  on  a  little  lake  at  the  head  waters  of  French  Creek, 
now  Waterford,  another  at  Erie,  flfteen  miles  away."  Jean  Coeur 
was  adroit  in  his  influence  over  the  Indians,  and  used  his  best  arts 
to  win  the  chiefs,  who  had  accompanied  Washington,  from  their 
allegience  to  him,  plying  them  with  liquor,  and  refusing  to  receive 
back  the  wampum  belt  which  the  Half  King  offered  as  a  token  of  his 
tribe's  allegiance  to  the  French.  But  after  long  parleying  they 
finally  got  off"  on  the  7th.  Washington  records  in  the  journal: 
"We  passed   over  much    good   land    since   we    left  Yenango,   and 


?:^, '^*^g- 


^^t!^-'f>-lJS^<^     C^  ^X^rj^-^^'-C.^V 


HISTORY    OF    GKEENE    COUNTY.  127 

throiiri;]i  several  very  extensive  and  rich  meadows,  one  of  which,  I 
believe,  was  nearly  four  miles  in  length,  and  considerably  wide  in  some 
places."  This  passage  undoubtedly  refers  to  the  valley  where  is  now 
spread  out  the  city  of  Mead vi lie. 

At  the  fort  at  LeBoeuf,  now  Waterford,  Washington  was  courte- 
oiisly  received  l)y  the  (leneral  in  command  of  all  the  forces  south 
of  the  lakes.  '•  The  commander,"  proceeds  the  Journal  under 
date  of  December  12,  "is  a  knight  of  the  military  order  of  St.  Louis 
and  named  Legardeur  de  St.  Pierre.  He  is  an  elderly  gentleman, 
and  has  much  the  air  of  a  soldier.  He  was  sent  over  to  take  the 
command  immediately  upon  the  death  of  the  late  general  and  arrived 
here  about  seven  days  before  me."  In  the  letter  which  Dinwiddie 
had  entrusted  to  AVashington,  the  claim  of  the  English  to  all  this 
Ohio  territory  was  reiterated,  and  a  demand  made  that  the  French 
should  depart  from  it,  and  no  more  molest  its  peaceful  occupancy. 
The  answer  of  the  Chevalier  was  courteous,  but  firm.  He  said  that 
the  question  of  the  rightful  occupancy  of  this  territory  was  not  one 
which  he  could  properly  argue,  that  he  was  an  officer  commanding 
a  detachment  of  the  French  army  in  America,  but  that  he  would 
transmit  the  letter  of  the  Governor  to  his  General,  the  Marquis  Du 
Quesne,  "  to  whom  it  better  belongs  than  to  me  to  set  forth  the 
evidence  and  reality  of  the  rights  of  the  king  my  master  upon  tlie 
lands  situated  along  the  river  Ohio,  and  to  contest  the  pretensions 
of  the  King  of  Great  Britain  thereto.  His  answer  shall  be  law  to 
me.  w  *  *  ^^g  j-Q  ^]^Q  summons  you  send  me  to  retire,  I  do  not 
think  myself  obliged  to  obey  it.  AVhatever  may  have  been  your 
instructions,  I  am  here  by  virtue  of  the  orders  of  my  general;  and 
I  entreat  you,  sir,  not  to  doubt  one  moment  but  that  I  am  de- 
termined to  conform  myself  to  them  with  all  the  exactness  and  reso- 
lution which  can  be  expected  from  the  best  othcer." 

Governor  Dinwiddie  had  added  to  the  business  part  of  his  com- 
munication the  following  request:  "I  persuade  myself  you  will 
receive  and  entertain  Major  AVashington  with  the  candor  and  polite- 
ness natural  to  your  nation,  and  it  will  give  me  the  greatest  satis- 
faction, if  you  can  return  him  with  an  answer  suitable  to  my  wishes 
for  a  long  and  lasting  peace  between  us."  In  his  response  the  Chevalier 
added  in  reply  to  this  clause:  "I  made  it  my  particular  care  to  re- 
ceive Mr.  AVashington  with  a  distinction  suitable  to  your  dignity,  as 
well  as  his  own  qualit}^  and  great  n.ierit.  I  Hatter  myself  that  he 
will  do  me  this  justice  before  you,  sir,  and  that  he  will  signify  to 
you,  in  the  manner  I  do  myself,  the  profound  respect  with  which  I 
am,  sir,"  etc. 

His  mission  over,  he  sent  his  horses  on  in  advance,  and  himself 
and  party  took  to  canoes  in  which  they  floated  down  French  Creek 
to  Fort  Yenango.     Finding  his  horses  jaded  and  reduced,  he  gave 


128  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

up  his  own  saddle  horse  for  transporting  the  baggage.  E(^uipped 
in  an  Indian  hunting  dress  he  accompanied  the  train  for  three  days. 
Finding  tlie  progress  very  slow,  and  the  cold  becoming  every  day 
more  intense,  he  placed  the  train  in  charge  of  Van  Braam,  and  taking 
his  necessary  ])apers,  pulled  off  his  clothes,  and  tied  himself  up  in  a 
watch-coat.  Then  with  gun  in  hand,  and  pack  on  his  back,  he  set  out 
with  Mr.  Gist,  to  make  his  way  on  foot  back  to  the  Ohio.  Falling 
in  with  a  party  of  French  and  Indians,  he  engaged  one  of  them  for  a 
guide,  who  proved  treacherous,  leading  them  out  of  their  wa}^  and 
finally  turned  upon  and  fired  at  Washington,  "  not  fifteen  steps  off." 
But  he  missed,  or  the  great  spirit  guided  the  bullet  aside.  Ridding 
themselves  of  him  they  traveled  all  night  to  escape  pursuit.  Being 
obliged  to  cross  the  Allegheny,  with  "  one  poor  hatchet "  they  toil- 
somely made  a  raft.  ''Before  we  were  half  way  over,"  proceeds  the 
journal,  "we  were  jammed  in  the  ice,  in  such  a  manner  that  -we  ex- 
pected every  moment  our  raft  to  sink  and  ourselves  to  perish.  I 
put  out  my  setting  pole  to  try  to  stop  the  raft  that  the  ice  might 
pass  by,  when  the  rapidity  of  the  stream  threw  it  w^ith  so  much 
violence  against  the  pole,  that  it  jerked  me  out  into  ten  feet  water. 
Notwithstanding  all  our  efforts  we  could  not  get  to  either  shore,  but 
were  obliged,  as  we  were  near  an  island,  to  quit  our  raft  and  make  to 
it.  The  cold  was  so  extremely  severe,  that  Mr.  Gist  had  all  his 
fingers  and  some  of  his  toes  frozen,  and  the  water  was  shut  up  so 
hard  that  we  found  no  difficulty  in  getting  off  the  island  on  the  ice 
in  the  morning." 

Arrived  at  the  Gist  settlement,  AVashington  bought  a  horse  and 
saddle,  and  on  the  6th  of  January,  1754,  he  records  "we  met  seven- 
teen horses  loaded  with  materials  and  stores  for  a  fort  at  the  fork  of 
the  Ohio,  and  the  day  following  some  families  going  out  to  settle. 
This  day  we  arrived  at  Will's  Creek,  after  as  fatiguing  a  journey  as 
it  is  possible  to  conceive,  rendered  so  by  excessive  bad  weather. 
From  the  first  day  of  December  to  the  fifteenth  there  was  but  one 
day  ofi  which  it  did  not  rain  or  snow  incessantly,  and  throughout 
the  whole  journey  we  met  with  nothing  but  one  continued  series  of 
cold,  wet  weather,  which  occasioned  very  uncomfortable  lodgings, 
especially  after  we  had  left  behind  us  our  tent,  which  had  been  some 
screen  from  the  inclemency  of  it.  ""  -  "''■  I  arrived  at  Williams- 
burg on  the  16th,  when  I  waited  upon  his  Honor,  the  Governor, 
with  the  letter  I  had  brought  from  the  French  commandant,  and  to 
give  an  account  of  the  success  of  my  proceedings.  This  I  beg  leave 
to  do  by  offering  the  foregoing  narrative,  as  it  contains  the  most 
remarkable  occuri-ences  which  happened  in  my  journey.  I  hope 
what  has  l)een  said  will  be  sufficient  to  make  your  Honor  satisfied 
with  nay  conduct;  for  that  was  my  aim  in  undertaking  the  journey 
and  chief  study  throughout  the  prosecution  of  it." 


niSTOKY    OF    GREEJSTE    COUNTY.  129 

It  must  be  confessed  that  this  embassage,  undertaken  in  the  dead 
of  winter,  through  an  almost  trackless  wilderness  infested  by  hostile 
savages,  by  a  boy  of  twenty-one,  was  not  only  romantic,  but  arduous 
and  dangerous  in  the  extreme,  and  in  its  execution  showed  a  dis- 
cretion and  persistent  resolution  remarkable  for  so  youthful  a  per- 
son, and  giving  promise  of  great  future  usefulness. 

The  information  which  he  obtained,  and  which  was  embodied  in 
a  modest  way  in  his  journal,  was  of  great  importance.  The  journal 
was  published  and  widely  circulated  in  this  country  and  in  England. 
It  plainly  disclosed  the  fact  that  the  French,  in  l)uilding  strong  forts 
and  providing  cannon  and  a  military  force  for  garrisoning  them, 
meant  to  hold  this  whole  Ohio  country  by  force  of  arms,  and  that  if 
the  English  would  foil  them  in  this  design  they  must  lose  no  time 
in  preparation  to  oppose  force  to  force.  The  lateness  of  the  season 
and  the  coming  on  of  severe  weather  alone  prevented  the  French 
from  proceeding  down  the  Allegheny  and  taking  post  on  the  Ohio, 
in  the  fall  of  1753.  The  following  spring  would  doubtless  witness 
such  a  hostile  movement.  Which  shall  win  'i  Thus  far  the  French 
had  shown  mucn  the  greater  military  activity,  and  their  strong  points 
were  selected  by  competent  engineers  detailed  from  the  French  army, 
who  had  superintended  the  erection  of  their  strong  forts.  Arrived 
at  the  threshold  of  a  great  era,  the  near  future  will  witness  the 
decision,  whether  this  fair  land,  in  the  midst  of  which  is  what  is  now 
the  county  of  Greene,  shall  be  peopled  by  the  Frank,  and  be  under 
the  control  of  the  lilies  of  France,  or  an  English-speaking  people 
shall  spread  over  this  broad  domain — the  whole  Mississippi  valley,  the 
flower  of  the  continent — whether  the  Catholic  or  the  Protestant  shall 
be  the  religion  of  its  people. 


X30  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 


CHAPTER  IX. 

Troops  Sp:nt  to  Fort  Pitt — French  Capture  It — The  Summons — 
AYASHiNcri'ON  Moves  Forward — Jumonville  Skirmish — Takes 
Post  at  the  Great  Meadows — Surrender — Campaion  with 
Four  Oimkcts — Braddock  to  Move  Against  Fort  Du  Quesne 
— Franklin  Furnishes  Wagons — Braddock  Moves  Leisurely — 
Order  of  March — Observation  of  Franklin — Sickness  oi< 
Washington — Indians  in  Camp — Bright  Lightning — Indica- 
tions of  a  Hostile  Forc^e — Mknacinct  Inscriptions — Cross  and 
ItECROss  the  River — A  MirjTARv  Pa(;eant — Army  Put  in 
Battle  Order — Enemy  Commanded  nv  Beau.ieu — The  War 
Whoop — Indians  Gain  the  Flank  by  a  Wooded  Ravine^ 
Regulars  Thrown  Into  Confusion — Braddock  Mortalla' 
Wounded — Killkd  and  Wounded--Washington  Preservkd 
Great  Spirit  Protected  Him — Braddock  Buried — Dunbar 
Cowed  —  Eneisiy's  Strength  — Washington's  Losses  —  Gal- 
lantry Admired. 

(CAPTAIN  TRENT,  who  seems  to  have  heen  much  relied  upon, 
J  was  ordered  by  the  Governor  of  Virginia  to  enlist  a  company  of 
one  hundred  men  and  proceed  without  delay  to  the  forks  of  Ohio 
and  complete  the  fort  tliere^  begun,  Washington  was  empowered  to 
raise  a  com])any  of  like  number  with  which  to  collect  supplies  and 
forward  to  the  working  party  at  the  fort.  In  the  meantime  Dinwiddie 
convened  the  Virginia  Legislature  and  asked  for  inoney  with  which 
to  conduct  his  military  operations,  and  called  upon  the  other  colonies 
to  join  him.  Lack  of  funds,  want  of  royal  authority  to  enter  upon 
this  warfare,  and  other  excuses,  kept  the  other  colonies  from  engag- 
ing immediatelj",  but  the  Virginia  Legislature  voted  money,  and  the 
number  of  troops  authorized  was  increased  to  300,  to  be  divided  into 
six  companies,  of  which  Washington  was  oifered  the  command. 
But  on  account  of  his  youth  he  declined  it,  and  Joshua  Fry  was 
made  Colonel  and  Washington,  Lieutenant-Colonel.  On  the  2d  of 
April,  1754,  Washington  set  ont  with  two  companies  of  150  men 
for  the  fort  on  the  Ohio,  Colonel  Fry  with  the  artillery,  which  had 
just  arrived  from  England,  to  follow.  Out  before  Washington  had 
arrived  at  Will's  Creek  intelligence,  was  received  that  Captain 
Contracoeur,  acting  under  authority  of  the  Governor  General  of  New 
France,  having  embarked   a  thousand    men  with   field-pieces,  upon 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  131 

sixty  batteaux  and  three  hundred  canoes,  at  the  flood-tide  in  the 
Allegheny  River,  had  dropped  down  and  captured  the  meagre  force 
working  upon  the  fort  at  the  forks,  both  Trent  and  Frazier,  the  two 
highest  in  command,  being  at  the  time  absent.  The  garrison  of  about 
iifty  men  were  allowed  to  depart  with  their  working  tools. 

Though  bloodless,  this  was  an  act  of  hostility.  The  war  was 
begun  which  was  to  greatly  modify  the  map  of  the  world.  ''  The 
seven  years  war,"  says  Albach,  "arose  at  the  forks  of  the  Ohio;  it 
was  waged  in  all  quarters  of  the  world;  it  made  England  a  great 
imperial  power;  it  drove  the  French  from  Asia  and  Amei-ica,  and 
dissipated  their  scheme  of  empire."  Contracceur  immediately  i)ro- 
ceeded  with  the  building  of  the  fort  which  the  Yirginians  had  begun. 
He  had  issued,  before  the  surrender,  what  he  was  pleased  to  denomi- 
nate a  summons,  in  which  he  "sirs"  every  sentence,  and  orders  the 
English  out  of  tlie  Ohio  country  in  the  most  absolute  and  autliorita- 
tive  way.  ^' iSothing,"  he  says,  "can  surprise  me  more  than  to  see 
you  attempt  a  settlement  upon  the  lands  of  the  King,  my  master, 
which  obliges  me  now,  sir,  to  send  you  this  gentleman.  Chevalier  Le 
Mercier,  Captain  of  the  Artillery  of  Canada,  to  know  of  you,  sir,  by 
virtue  of  what  authority  you  are  come  to  fortify  yourself  within  the 
dominions  of  the  King,  my  master.  -  '"  '•■  Let  it  be  as  it  will, 
sir,  if  you  come  out  into  this  place  charged  with  orders,  I  summon 
you  in  the  name  of  the  King,  my  master,  by  virtue  of  ordei's  which 
I  got  from  my  General,  to  retreat  peaceably  with  your  troops  from 
olf  the  lands  of  the  King  and  not  to  return,  or  else  I  will  find  myself 
obliged  to  fultill  my  duty,  and  compel  you  to  it.  *  *  «  j  pj.g_ 
vent  you,  sir,  from  asking  one  hour  of  delay." 

Washington,  though  but  a  stripling,  determined  to  move  boldly 
forward,  although  his  force  was  but  a  moiety  of  that  of  the  French, 
and  intrench  upon  the  Kedstone.  To  add  to  his  perplexity,  he  re- 
ceived intelligence  that  a  reinforcement  of  800  men  was  on  its  way 
up  the  Mississippi  to  join  Contracceur  at  the  forks.  Sending  out 
messengers  to  the  governors  of  Pennsylvania,  Virginia,  and  Mary- 
land, to  ask  for  reinforcements,  he  pushed  on  to  the  Great  Meadows, 
arriving  on  the  27th.  Here  lie  learned  that  a  scouting  party  of  the 
French  was  already  in  this  neighborhood.  Not  delaying  a  moment, 
he  started  with  forty  picked  men,  and  tliougli  the  night  was  dark  and 
the  rain  fell  in  torrents,  he  came  up  with  the  French  before  morning, 
encamped  in  a  retreat  shielded  by  rocks  and  a  broken  country. 
Order  of  attack  was  immediately  formed,  the  English  on  the  right, 
and  the  friendly  Indians  on  the  left.  The  French  aroused,  flew 
to  arms,  when  a  brisk  flring  commenced,  which  lasted  for  some- 
time, and  the  P^rench,  seeing  no  way  of  escape,  surrendered.  In 
this  spirited  skirmish,  Jumonville,  the  commandei;,  and  ten  of  his 
men  were  slain,  and  twenty-two  were  taken  prisoners.     Washington's 


132  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

loss  was  one  killed  and  two  wounded.  This  was  the  young  com- 
mander's first  battle,  and  if  we  may  judge  of  it  by  the  measure  of 
success  it  was  the  presage  of  a  brilliant  career.  He  naturally  felt  a 
degree  of  pride  and  exultation.  In  a  letter  to  his  brother  he  added 
a  postscript  in  these  words,  "  I  fortunately  escaped  without  any 
wounds;  for  the  right  wing,  where  I  stood,  was  exposed  to  and  re- 
ceived all  the  enemy's  lire;  and  it  was  the  part  where  tlie  man  was 
killed  and  the  rest  wounded.  I  heard  the  bullets  whistle,  and, 
believe  me,  there  is  something  charming  in  the  sound."  When  this 
was  reported  to  the  King,  George  II,  he  dryly  remarked,  "  He  would 
not  say  so,  if  he  had  been  used  to  hear  many." 

At  the  Great  Meadows  a  fort  was  marked  out  and  partially  forti- 
fied, which  was  designated  Fort  Necessity.  Supplies  were  scarce  and 
could  be  brought  up  with  difficulty.  Not  satisfied  to  stop  here, 
Washington  pushed  on  to  Gist's  at  the  head  waters  of  the  Redstone, 
where  some  intrenchments  were  thrown  up.  I)ut  learning  that  the 
French  were  approaching  in  force,  and  seeing  that  no  sufiicient  sup- 
ply of  provisions  could  be  had,  he  was  obliged  to  return  to  Fort 
Necessity,  which  he  proceeded  to  strengthen.  On  the  morning  of 
the  3d  of  July,  the  French  under  Captain  de  A'illiers,  a  brother-in- 
law  of  Jumonville,  with  a  force  900  strong,  commenced  an  attack 
upon  the  fort.  Outnumbered  nearly  three  to  one  Washington  boldly 
accepted  the  wager  of  battle  and  all  day  long  and  until  eight  at  night, 
made  a  gallant  fight,  when  the  French  commander  asked  for  a  par- 
ley and  demanded  a  surrender,  which  was  refused;  again  the  demand 
was  made  and  again  refused.  Exhausted  by  the  fatigues  of  the  day 
and  suftering  for  lack  of  provisions,  Washington,  on  being  offered 
the  privilege  of  marching  out  with  the  honors  of  war,  decided  to 
accept  the  terms,  and  on  the  4th  of  July,  a  day  memorable  in  the 
future  annals  of  the  country,  though  of  humiliation  now,  departed 
with  drums  beating  and  colors  flying.  In  this  engagement,  of  300 
under  Washington's  command,  twelve  had  been  killed  and  forty- 
three  wounded.  The  loss  in  Captain  Mackay's  independent  com- 
pany of  South  Carolinians  was  not  known,  nor  the  loss  of  the 
French,  which  was  believed  to  be  much  more  serious. 

Returning  to  AVill's  Creek,  a  strong  work,  designated  Fort  Cum- 
berland, was  constructed,  which  should  be  a  rallying  point.  In  the 
meantime  Colonel  Fry  had  <lied,  and  Colonel  Innes,  of  North  Caro- 
lina, had  been  promoted  to  chief  command.  The  army  which  came 
under  his  orders  was  composed  of  the  Yirginia,  North  Carolina 
and  Maryland  militia,  and  independent  companies  of  South  Carolina, 
New  York  and  Virginia,  under  the  pay  of  the  King,  and  officered 
by  soldiers  bearing  his  commission.  And  now  succeeded  months  of 
negotiation  carried  on  between  London  and  Paris;  but  nothing  was 
definitely  settled,  and  in  the   early   spring  of  1755.  it  was  decided 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  133 

in  the  British  cabinet  to  prosecute  an  active  campaign  against  the 
French  in  America,  with  four  objects  in  view;  to  eject  the  French 
from  Nova  Scotia,  to  drive  them  from  Crown  Point  on  Lake  Cham- 
plain;  to  gain  possession  of  Fort  Niagara;  and  to  recover  the  Ohio 
country.  For  the  accomplishment  of  these  purposes  Major-General 
Edward  Braddock,  was  dispatched  to  America  Avith  two  regiments  of 
the  line,  Forty-fourth  and  Forty-eighth,  commanded  by  Sir  Peter 
Halket,  and  Colonel  Dunbar,  with  directions  to  take  the  supreme 
command  of  all  the  forces.  Two  ships  of  war  and  several  trans- 
ports were  in  the  Chesapeake.  Alexandria  was  made  the  rallying 
point,  and  here  tlie  regulars  encamped.  Commodore  Keppel  furn- 
ished four  heavy  pieces  of  ordinance  with  a  detail  of  tars  to  man 
the  prolongs  in  passing  the  streams  and  the  mountains.  Before 
starting  on  his  campaign,  the  general  held  a  conference  at  Alexan- 
dria with  the  governors  of  the  several  colonies:  Shirley  of  Massachu- 
setts, Delaney  of  New  York,  Sharpe  of  Maryland,  Dinwiddle  of 
Virginia,  Dobbs  of  Nortli  Carolina  and  Morris  of  Pennsylvania. 
This  conference  considered  little  more  than  the  question  of  furnish- 
ing troops  and  supplies  for  the  expeditions. 

The  force  against  Nova  Scotia  was  earliest  in  the  field,  and  was 
entirely  successful,  the  country  being  reduced  and  placed  under  mar- 
tial law,  and  two  French  men-of-war  were  captured  bj'  the  English 
Admiral  Boscawen.  The  force  destined  against  the  French  on  the 
Ohio,  to  be  commanded  by  General  Braddock  in  person,  was  slow 
in  moving.  Wagons  and  horses  were  not  in  readiness,  and  could 
not  be  procured.  Two  hundred  wagons  and  two  thousand  horses 
must  be  had,  or  the  general  would  not  move,  and  when  the  expedition 
was  on  the  point  of  failure  for  lack  of  them,  Benjamin  Franklin, 
then  postmaster  of  Pennsylvania,  appeared  and  assured  the  General 
that  he  would  provide  the  desired  transportation  if  authorized  to  do 
so;  that  authority  was  quickly  and  joyfull}'  giv^en,  and  the  desired 
horses  and  wagons  M'ere  soon  forthcoming.  It  should  be  observed 
that  Braddock  had  studied  the  military  art  as  practiced  in  the  open 
countries  of  Europe,  where  smooth,  hard  roads  everywhere  checkered 
the  landscape,  and  he  made  his  requisitions  for  baggage,  artillery 
and  amunition  as  though  his  expedition  was  to  be  made  over  such  a 
country,  instead  of  over  one  bristling  with  mountains  and  torrent 
streams,  through  a  trackless  wilderness.  Had  he  gone  in  light 
marching  order  with  amunition  and  provisions  on  pack-horses,  he 
would  have  been  better  prepared  to  meet  the  obstacles  which  impeded 
his  way.  Instead,  the  iinpedimenta  of  his  little  force,  of  less  than 
three  thousand  men,  was  greater  than  was  taken  by  a  full  army  corps 
of  20,000  men  in  many  of  the  campaigns  of  the  late  war. 

Before  starting  Braddock  organized  his  force  in  two  divisions. 
The  first  under  Sir  Peter  Halket,    was  composed   of  the  44th  regu- 


134  HISTORY    OF    GllEENE    COUNTY. 

lars,  Peyronie  and  Waggoner's  Yirginia  companies,  Dagwortlij's 
Maryland  company,  Rutlierford  and  Gates'  IS^ew  York  companies,  and 
Poison's  pioneers.  The  second,  under  Colonel  Thomas  Dunbar,  con- 
sisted of  the  48th  regulars,  Dermaries'  South  Carolinians,  Stephens, 
Hogg,  and  Cock's  A^irginians,  Dobb's  North  Carolinians,  and  Mer- 
cer's pioneers.  The  field  otiicers  under  Kalket  and  Dunbar  were, 
Lieutenant-Colonels  Burton  and  Gage,  Majors  Chapman  and  Sparks, 
Brigade  Major,  Francis  llalket;  Quartermaster,  John  Sinclair; 
Assistant  Quartermaster,  General  JVLatthew  Leslie;  Secretary  to  the 
General,  Wm.  Shirley,  and  Aids-de-camp,  Orme,  Washington,  and 
Morris.  Christopher  Gist  and  his  son  Nathaniel  went  as  guides, 
and  the  Indian  agents  Croghan  and  Montour,  acted  as  interpreters. 
Orme's  journal,  which  was  about  the  only  record  of  this  ill-starred 
campaign  which  escaped  destruction,  records  that  the  soldiers  were 
required  to  be  provided  with  "  one  new  spare  shirt,  one  new  pair  of 
stockings,  and  one  new  pair  of  shoes;  and  Osnabrig  waist-coats  and 
breeches  were  provided  for  them,  as  the  excessive  heat  would  have 
made  the  others  insupportable;  and  the  commanding  officers  of  com- 
panies were  desired  to  provide  leather  or  bladders  for  the  men's 
hats." 

On  the  9th  of  April,  Sir  Peter  llalket,  with  six  companies  of  the 
Forty-fourth,  moved  by  way  of  AVinchester  for  Fort  Cumberland,  at 
Will's  Creek,  leaving  Lieut.  Col.  Gage  with  four  companies  to  escort 
the  artillery.  By  the  advice  of  Sir  John  Sinclair,  who  had  been  sent 
forward  in  advance  to  Winchester  and  Fort  Cumberland,  to  prepare 
the  way  for  the  march,  the  second  division  under  Col.  Dunbar, 
accompanied  with  the  artillery  and  heavy  trains,  moved  by  way  of 
Frederick,  Maryland.  But  though  the  roads  were  better  approach- 
ing Frederick  than  by  AVinchester,  there  were  absolutely  none  l)eyond 
there  crossing  the  Alleghany  Mountains,  and  accordingly  this  wing 
was  obliged  to  recross  the  Potomac  and  gain  the  AVinchester  road. 
They  now  marched  on  with  all  the  ^' pride  and  circumstance"  of 
glorious  war.  "At  high  noon,"  says  the  chronicler,  "on  the  lOth  of 
May,  while  Ilalket's  command  was  encamped  at  the  common  desti- 
nation, the  Forty-eighth  was  startled  by  the  passage  of  Braddock  and 
his  staff  through  their  ranks,  with  a  body  of  light  horse,  one  gallop- 
ing on  each  side  of  his  traveling  chariot,  in  haste  to  reach  Fort  Cum- 
berland. The  troops  saluted,  the  drums  rolled  out  the  Grenadier's 
March,  and  the  cortege  passed  by.  An  hour  later  they  heard  the 
booming  of  artillery  which  welcomed  the  General's  arrival  at  Fort 
Cumberland,  and  a  little  later  themselves  encamped  on  the  hillsides 
about  the  post."  In  place  of  this  vain  display,  Braddock  should  by 
this  time  have  been  knocking  at  the  gates  of  Fort  Du  Quesne, 

But  arrived  at  Fort  Cumberland,  he  sat  down  one  whole  montli 
of  the  very  best  campaigning  season,  preparing  for  the  execution  of 


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IIISTOIIV    OF    GltKKNK    COrXTV.  1)^7 

liis  plans  after  the  methods  of  European  warfare.  His  utter  lack 
of  appreciation  of  the  kind  of  warfare  he  was  to  wage,  is  given  in 
the  Autobiography  of  Franklin:  "In  conversation  with  him  one 
(laj,  he  was  giving  jne  some  account  of  his  intended  progress. 
'  After  taking  1  ort  Du  Quesne,'  said  he,  '  I  am  to  ])roceed  to  Niagara; 
and,  having  taken  that,  to  PVontenac,  if  the  season  will  allow  time; 
and  I  suppose  it  Vill,  for  Du  Quesne  can  hardly  detain  me  al)ove 
three  or  four  days;  and  then  1  can  see  nothing  that  can  obstruct  my 
march  to  Niagara.'  JIaving  before  resolved  in  my  mind,*"  continues 
Franklin,  "the  long  line  his  army  must  make  in  their  juarch  h\  a 
very  narrow  road,  to  be  cut  for  them  through  the  woods  and  bushes, 
and  also  of  what  1  had  heard  of  a  former  defeat  of  fifteen  hundred 
French,  who  invaded  the  Illinois  country.  I  had  conceived  some 
doubts  and  some  fears  for  the  event  of  the  campaign;  but  I  ventured 
only  to  say,  'To  be  sure,  sir,  if  you  arrive  well  before  Du  (Quesne 
with  these  fine  troops,  so  well  provided  Avith  artillery,  the  fort  though 
completely  fortified,  and  assisted  with  a  very  strong  garrison,  can 
j)robabl3'  make  but  a  short  resistance.  The  only  danger  I  apprehend 
of  obstruction  to  your  march  is  from  the  ambuscades  of  the  Indians, 
who  by  constant  })ractice,  are  dexterous  in  laying  and  executing 
them;  and  the  slender  line,  nearly  four  miles  long,  which  your  army 
must  make  may  expose  it  to  be  attacked  by  surj)rise  on  its  flanks, 
and  to  be  cut  like  thread  into  several  pieces,  which,  from  their  dis- 
tance, cannot  come  up  in  time  to  support  one  anothei'.' 

"  He  smiled  at  my  ignorance,  and  replied:  'These  savages  may 
indeed  be  a  formidal)le  enemy  to  raw  American  militia,  but  upon  the 
King's  regular  and  disciplined  troops,  sir,  it  is  impossibe  they  should 
make  an  impression!'  I  was  conscious  of  an  impropriety  in  my  dis- 
puting with  a  military  man  in  matters  of  his  profession.'' 

It  was  June  before  the  army  was  ready  to  set  forward.  The 
wagons  and  artillery  were  a  great  hindrance  in  crossing  the  moun- 
tains, and  it  was  soon  found  necessary  to  send  them  back,  especially 
the  King's  wagons  which  were  very  heavj-.  The  horses  l>ecame 
weakened  by  incessant  pulling  over  rough  and  untraveled  roads,  and 
many  died.  The  Little  Meadows  was  not  reached  until  the  18th  of 
the  month.  Throujrh  the  advice  of  Washingrton,  the  General  decided 
to  change  the  order  of  march,  and  with  a  force  of  his  picked  men, 
with  as  little  incund)rance  of  trains  as  possible,  to  push  forward. 
Accordingly,  with  a  force  of  twelve  hundred  men,  Braddock  set  out, 
leaving  Colonel  Dunl)ar  with  the  balance  of  the  command  to  bring 
on  the  heavy  artillery  and  trains.  At  the  camp,  near  the  crossing  of 
C'astleman's  River,  on  the  19th,  Washington  was  taken  violently  ill. 
"  Braddock,"  he  said,  in  relating  the  circumstance  afterAvard,  "  was 
both  my  General  and  my  physician.  I  was  attacked  with  a  dangei-ous 
fever  on  the  march,  and  he  left  a  sergeant   to   take   care  of  me,  and 

7 


138  HisToin'  OF  (jrep:nk  county. 

James'  fever  powders,  with  the  directions  how  to  give  them,  and  a 
wagon  to  bring  me  on  when  I  would  l)e  able,  which  was  only  the  day 
before  the  defeat." 

The  army  was  attended  on  its  march  l»y  a  small  body  of  Indians 
under  command  of  Croghan.  They  had  come  into  camp  at  Fort 
Cumberland,  attended  by  their  squaws.  "  These,"  says  Irving, 
'^  were  even  fonder  than  the  men  of  loitering  about  the  British 
camp.  They  were  not  destitute  of  attractions;  for  the  young  squaws 
resemble  the  gypsies,  having  seductive  forms,  small  hands  and  feet, 
and  soft  voices.  Among  tliose  who  visited  the  camp  Avas  one  who 
no  doubt  passed  for  an  Indian  princess.  She  was  the  daughter  of  the 
Sachem,  White  Thunder,  and  bore  the  dazling  name  of  Bright 
Lifflitninir.  The  charms  of  these  wild-wood  beauties  were  soon  ac- 
knowledged."  "  The  squaws,"  w'rites  Secretary  Peters,  "  bring  in 
money  plenty;  the  officers  are  scandalously  fond  of  them!  The 
jealousy  of  the  warriors  was  aroused;  some  of  them  became  furious. 
To  ])revent  discord,  the  squaws  were  forbidden  to  come  into  the 
British  camp.  Finally  it  became  necessary  to  send  Bright  Lightning 
with  all  the  women  and  children  back  to  Aughquick." 

Washington  was  disappointed  by  the  manner  in  which  Braddock 
acted  upon  liis  advice  to  move  rapidly  with  his  best  troops,  and  leave 
the  heavy  portion  of  the  impedimenta  to  be  moved  more  leisurely, 
A\^ashington  had  given  up  his  own  horse  for  the  uses  of  the  trains, 
and  traveled  with  his  baggage  half  tilling  a  portmanteau.  But  the 
officers  of  the  line  could  not  bring  themselves  to  this  simplicity. 
"  Brought  up,"  says  Irving,  "  many  of  them  in  fashionable  and 
luxurious  life,  or  the  loitering  indulgence  of  country  quarters, 
they  were  so  encumbered  with  what  they  considered  indispen- 
sable necessaries,  that  out  of  two  hundred  and  twelve  horses  gen- 
erally appropriated  to  their  use,  not  more  than  a  dozen  could  be 
spared  by  them  for  the  public  service."  Nor  was  the  progress  even 
with  these  drawbacks  at  all  in  consonance  with  the  wishes  of  Wash- 
ington. "  I  found,"  he  says,  "  that  instead  of  pushing  on  w^ith  vigor, 
without  regarding  a  little  rough  road,  they  were  halting  to  level 
every  mole-hill,  and  to  erect  bridges  over  every  brook,  by  which 
means  we  were  four  days  in  getting  twelve  miles."  He  had  been 
about  a  month  in  marching  a  hundred  miles.  Indeed,  his  move- 
ments were  so  sluggish  as  to  cause  impatience  by  his  friends  in 
Europe.  "  The  Duke  of  Brunswick,"  who  had  planned  the  cam- 
paign, writes  Horace  AA'^alpole,  "  is  much  dissatisfied  at  the  slowness 
of  General  Braddock,  who  does  not  march  as  if  he  was  at  all  impatient 
to  be  scalped." 

Though  still  M-eak,  Washington  had  come  up  with  the  advance; 
but  on  the  23d  of  June,  at  the  great  crossings  of  the  Youghiogheny, 
he    was    unable    to    proceed.       Here     the     General    interposed     his 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  139 

authority  and  forbade  his  young  aid  to  go  further,  assigned  him  a 
guard,  placed  liim  under  the  care  of  his  surgeon,  Dr.  Craig,  witli 
directions  not  to  move  until  the  surgeon  should  consider  him  suf- 
liciently  recovered  to  resume  the  march  with  safety,  at  the  same  time 
assuring  him  that  he  should  be  kept  informed  of  the  progress  of  the 
column,  and  the  portents  of  a  battle.  He  was,  however,  impatient 
at  the  restraint,  and  regarded  with  distress  the  departure  of  the  army 
leaving  him  behind,  fearful  lest  he  might  not  be  up  in  time  for  the 
impending  liattle,  which,  he  assured  his  brother  aid-de-camp,  "he 
would  not  miss  for  five  hundred  pounds." 

Indications  of  the  presence  of  a  hostile  force  of  French  and  Indians 
iiovering  upon  the  flanks  of  the  column  hourly  multiplied.  On 
the  24:th  a  deserted  Indian  camp  of  170  braves  was  passed, 
where  the  trees  had  been  stripped  of  bark,  and  taunting  words 
in  the  French  language,  and  scurrilous  ligures  were  painted 
thereon.  On  the  following  morning  three  men  venturing  beyond 
the  sentinels  were  shot  and  scalped.  These  hostile  parties  were  often 
seen,  but  they  always  managed  to  elude  the  parties  sent  out  to  cap- 
ture them.  In  passing  over  a  mountain  quite  steep  and  precipitous, 
the  carriages  had  to  be  raised  and  lowered  by  means  of  halyards  and 
pulleys  by  the  assistance  of  the  sailors.  Such  was  the  nature  of  the 
hurried  march  with  his  best  troops  which  Braddock  had  consented  to 
make.  On  the  26th,  only  four  miles  were  marched,  and  the  half  was 
at  another  Indian  camp,  which  the  warriors  had  but  just  left,  the 
brands  of  their  camp-tire  still  burning.  "  It  had  a  spring  in  the 
middle,  and  stood  at  the  termination  of  the  Indian  path  to  the  Mo- 
nongahela.  '•'  '^  '''  The  French  had  inscribed  their  names  on 
some  of  the  trees  with  insulting  bravadoes,  and  the  Indians  had 
designated  in  triumph  the  scalps  they  liad  taken  two  days  previously. 
A  party  was  sent  out  with  guides,  to  follow  their  tracks  and  fall  on 
them  in  tiie  night,  l>ut  without  success.  In  fact,  it  was  the  Indian 
l)oast,  that  throughout  this  march  of  Braddock,  they  saw  him  every 
day  from  the  mountains,  and  expected  to  be  able  to  shoot  down  his 
soldiers  '  like  pigeons.'  " 

Still  the  column  went  toiling  on,  in  one  whole  day  making  barely 
two  miles,  men  and  officers  alike  all  unconscious  of  the  fact  that  a 
])itfall  was  being  prepared  for  them  into  which  they  would  plunge  to 
destruction,  and  laying  no  adequate  plans  to  guard  and  shield  them- 
selves from  such  a  fate. 

On  the  8th  of  July,  Washington  found  himself  sufficiently  recov- 
ered to  join  the  advance  of  the  army,  at  its  camp  about  two  miles 
from  the  Monongahela  and  fifteen  from  Fort  Dn  Quesne.  Though 
they  were  now  on  the  same  side  of  the  river  as  the  fort,  yet  not  fai- 
in  advance,  a  precipitous  blufl"  extended  down  close  in  upon  the  river 
Imiik,  leaving;  little  room  for  the  march,  and  where  :i  coluinn   would 


140  iiisTOKY  OF  ghp:ene  county. 

be  exposed  for  a  distance  ot*  two  miles  to  sudden  attack  from  the 
heiglits.  Accordingly,  it  was  determined  to  cross  to  the  left  bank  of 
the  river  by  a  ford,  move  down  live  miles,  recross  to  the  right  bank, 
and  then  move  on  to  the  attack  of  the  fort.  According  to  orders.  Gage, 
with  two  companies  of  grenadiers,  the  company  of  Oapt.  Gates,  and 
two  six  pounders,  before  daylight  on  the  morning  of  the  9th,  crossed 
anil  recrossed  the  river,  as  planned,  and  took  up  a  position  favorable 
for  covering  the  moving  of  the  remainder  of  the  column.  A  party 
of  S(jme  fifty  Indians  rushed  out  upon  them  but  were  soon  put  to 
flight.  Knowing  the  nature  of  the  ground  upon  which  they  had  now 
come,  and  i-eaiizing  the  hazards  from  a  covert  attack  to  which  they 
were  exposed,  having  come  in  such  close  proximity  to  the  enemy, 
and  doubtless  recalling  the  buzz  of  the  bullets  and  buck-shot  about 
iiis  ears  in  his  fight  at  Fort  Necessity,  Washington  ventured  to  sug- 
gest, that  as  the  Virginia  rangers  were  accustomed  to  Indian  warfare 
that  they  be  given  the  advance.  Eut  the  proposition  was  received 
with  a  sharp  rebuke  by  the  General,  believing,  no  doubt,  that  the 
young  provincial  aid  was  ignorant  of  the  principles  of  high  art  in 
warfare,  and  indignant  that  atiy  suboi-dinate  should  pi'eteiul  to  advise 
him. 

l>raddock  was  now  near  enough  to  the  fort  to  anticipate  the  battle 
at  any  moment.  He  accordiiii^-Iy  ])ropared  to  make  a  fine  show.  At 
sunrise  the  main  l)ody  under  his  immediate  command,  turned  out  in 
full  uniform.  Their  arms  had  been  brightened  the  night  before,  and 
at  the  beating  of  the  genei-al  were  charged  with  fresh  cartridges. 
At  the  crossings  of  the  stream,  where  it  was  supposed  that  the 
enemy  would  be  on  the  watch  to  observe  them,  in  order  that  they 
might  make  the  greatest  show  of  ])Owei'  and  strength,  they  moved 
with  lixed  bayonets,  coloi-s  gayly  given  to  the  breeze,  the  trumpet 
sounding,  and  the  fife  and  (Irnm  marking  the  measured  tread. 
"  AVashington,"  says  Irving,  "with  liis  keen  and  youthful  relish  for 
military  affaiivs,  was  delighted  with  their  perfect  order  and  equipjnent. 
so  different  i'voiu  the  roiiuh  bush-fighters  to  which  he  luid  ])een  accus- 
tomed. Roused  to  new  life,  he  forgot  his  recent  ailments,  and  broke 
forth  in  expressions  of  enjoyment  and  admiration,  as  he  rode  in 
company  wnth  his  fellow  aids-de-camp,  Orme  and  Morris.  Often 
in  aftei'  life,  he  used  to  speak  of  the  effecjt  u])on  him  of  the  first  sight 
of  a  well-disciplined  Euroi)ean  ai-my  marching  in  high  confidence  and 
bright  ai-ray,  on  tlie  eve  of  a  battle."' 

Having  now  all  crossed  to  the  right  bank,  and  being,  as  was  sup- 
])Osed,  within  nine  miles  of  the  fort,  the  column  was  put  in  battle 
order.  Gage,  with  his  force  preceded  by  the  (mgineers  and  guides,  and 
six  light  horsemen  leading;  St.  Clair,  with  the  working  party  flanked 
wMth  soldiers,  and  the  wagons  and  two  six-pounders  following;  then 
the  General  with  the  main  body,  and   the  provincial  troops  bringing 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  141 

up  the  rear.  Along  the  track  they  were  to  pursue  was  a  plain  for 
some  distance,  then  rising  ground  flanked  on  either  side  by  wooded 
ravines.  At  two  o'clock  the  advance  under  Gage  having  crossed 
this  plain  was  ascending-  the  rise,  the  General  himself  having 
given  the  order  to  the  main  body  to  inarch,  and  being  now  under 
way,  suddenly  a  heavy  tiring  was  heard  at  the  head  of  the  column, 
accompanied  by  unearthly  yells.  Colonel  Burton  was  immediately 
ordered  forward  to  the  support  of  Gage,  who  had  been  attacked  by  an 
unseen  foe  lurking  in  ambush.  l)nt  drawn  out  in  most  advantageous 
(jrder  for  extending  their  attack  upon  the  Hanks  of  the  advancing 
English.  They  were  commanded  by  a  Frenchman,  Beaujeu,  attired 
in  a  "  gayly  fringed  hunting  shirt,''  who  led  them  on  and  directed 
the  light.  The  Indians  observed  no  order,  but,  extending  rapidly 
down  the  ravine  on  the  Hank  of  the  column,  poured  in  a  murderous 
fire  upon  the  regulars  and  pioneers,  who  stood  out  boldly  presenting 
themselves  as  targets  for  the  concealed  foe,  who  used  tlieir  rifles  with 
deadly  effect.  The  firing  on  both  sides  was  brisk.  The  Indian 
was  accustomed  to  see  his  foe  dodo-e  behind  trees  and  seek  cover 
wherever  he  could.  He  had  never  seen  such  fine  sport  before,  where 
his  victim  stood  up  boldly,  giving  a  faircliance  to  shoot  him  down. 
The  Indian  war-whoop  was  something  ap])alling,  and  the  regulars 
ssemed  to  dread  it  more  thaii  the  l^ullets.  Gage  ordered  his  men  to 
fix  bayonets  and  form  for  a  charge  up  a  hill  whence  was  the  heaviest 
fire;  but  all  to  no  purpose.  They  were  being  surrounded  by  an  un- 
seen foe,  which  crept  stealthily  along  the  hills  and  ravines,  keeping 
up  a  most  deadly  fire.  A  panic  seized  the  pioneers  and  many  of  the 
soldiers.  Braddock  and  his  officers  Ijehaved  in  the  most  gallant  man- 
ner, exposing  themselves  to  the  fii-e  of  their  dusky  foes  in  their  at- 
tempts to  reform  the  shattered  ranks  and  advance  them  to  the  attack. 
AVashineton  su^'gested  that  the  Indian  mode  of  skulking  be  resorted 
to.  But  P>raddock  would  listen  to  no  advice,  being  reported  to  have 
said  upon  the  occasion,  '•  WhatI  a  N'irginia  colonel  teacli  a  British 
general  how  to  fight  I"  But  that  young  AMrginian  counselled  wisely 
in  tliis  dire  necessity.  For  three  long  hours  Braddock  saw  the  work 
of  slaughter  go  on,  while  he  attemj^ted  to  form  his  troops  in  platoons, 
in  the  open  ground,  and  advance  them  upon  the  concealed  foe.  The 
provincial  troops,  in  spite  of  the  General,  shielded  themselves  l)ehind 
trees  and  did  greater  execution  u])on  the  foe  than  all  the  flringof  the 
regulars.  The  latter  wei-e  thrown  into  great  confusion  by  this  sav- 
age style  of  warfare,  where  no  foe  couhl  be  seen,  and  where  they 
were  only  guided  in  directing  theii-fire  by  tlie  flashes  and  smoke  from 
the  rifles  of  the  skulking  enemy.  They  liuddled  together  and  fired 
at  random,  sometimes  shooting  down  their  own  friends.  The  cai-nagc 
on  the  part  of  the  English  was  terri))le,  nearly  one-half  of  all  those 
who    had    inarched    forth    in    faultless   uniforms,  and    whose  Itright 


142  HISTORY    OF    GKEENE    COUNTY. 

armour  had  retiected  tlie  morning  sunlight,  before  night-fall  lay 
stark  and  still"  in  death,  or  were  suii'ering  from  ghastly  wounds.  The 
foe  was  largely  made  up  of  Indians,  and  only  about  half  the  number 
of  the  English,  who  were  utterly  defeated.  Finally,  General  Brad- 
dock  himself  was  mortally  wounded,  and  immediately  gave  orders 
for  the  troops  to  fall  back.  Fortunately  the  Indians  fell  to  plunder- 
ing, and  neglected  to  pursue  the  retreating  army. 

General  Braddock  had  live  horses  shot  under  him  before  receiving 
his  death  wound.  It  has  been  currently  reported  that  he  was  shot 
by  Thomas  Faucett,  one  of  the  independent  rangers.  Ijraddock 
had  given  orders  tiiat  none  of  his  soldiers  should  take  shelter  behind 
trees  or  cover.  Faucett's  brother  had  sheltered  himself,  when  Brad- 
dock  to  enforce  his  order  struck  the  refractory  soldier  to  the  earth 
with  his  sword.  Seeing  his  brother  fall,  Faucett  shot  the  General  in 
the  back,  and  thereafter  the  j^rovincials  fought  as  they  pleased  and  did 
good  execution.  Sir  Peter  Ilalket  was  instantly  killed,  Shirley  was 
shot  through  the  head.  Col.  Burton,  Sir  John  St.  Clair,  Gol.  Gage, 
Col.  Orme,  Major  Spai-ks  and  Major  Ilalket  were  wounded.  Five 
captains  were  killed,  and  live  wounded;  fifteen  lieutenants  were 
killed  and  twenty-two  wounded.  Tiie  killed  and  wounded  of  the 
yirivates  amounted  to  seven  hundred  and  fourteen.  Over  four  hun- 
dred were  supposed  to  have  been  killed.  The  very  large  and  unu- 
sual number  killed  outright  can  only  be  accounted  for  on  the 
supposition  that  the  badly  wounded  who  were  unable  to  get  away 
were  murdered  by  the  Indians  when  they  came  upon  the  field,  as  all 
were  stripped  and  scalped. 

When  the  two  aids,  Orme  and  Sparks,  were  wounded  all  orders 
upon  the  field  had  to  be  carried  by  AVashington,  who  was  conspicu- 
ous upon  every  ])ai't,  behaving  in  the  most  gallant  manner.  He  had 
two  horses  shot  under  him  and  four  bullet  holes  through  his  coat. 
In  a  letter  to  his  brother  he  said:  "As  1  have  heard,  since  my  ar- 
rival at  this  phu^e,  a  circumstantial  account  of  my  death  and  dying 
speech,  I  take  this  opportunity  of  contradicting  the  first  and  of 
assuri)ig  you  that  I  have  not  composed  the  latter.  By  the  all-pow- 
ei-ful  dispensations  of  Fi-ovidence  I  have  been  protected  beyond  all 
human  j)robability  or  expectation;  for  I  had  four  bullets  through  ir)y 
coat,  and  two  hoi'ses  shot  under  me,  and  escaped  unhurt,  although 
death  was  leveling  my  companions  on  every  side  of  me."  Many  of 
the  remarkable  stories  told  of  eminent  men  ai-e  of  doubtful  authen- 
ticity; but  tlie  following  is  uiKpicstioiiablv  true.  Dr.  Craig,  the  in- 
timate friend  of  Washington,  who  ha<l  attended  him  in  his  sickness 
and  was  present  in  this  battle,  relates  that  some  fifteen  years  after- 
ward, '•  while  traveling  with  Washington  near  the  junction  of  the 
Great  Kanawiia  and  C)liio  Ivivers  in  exploring  wild  lands,  they  were 
met  by  a  party   of  Indians  with   an   intcrprctcj-,  headed  by  a  \X'nera- 


HlsTonV    OF    (inKKXl-:    eot'N-TY,  143 

blc  chief.  The  old  JSachem  said  lie  had  come  a  loii^-  way  to  see  Colo- 
nel Wasliin(;ton,  for  in  the  l)attle  of  the  Moiioiixjahela  he  had  hiiiiifled 
him  out  as  a  conspicuous  object,  had  fired  his  ritie  at  him  litteen 
times,  and  directed  Jiis  yoimg  warriors  to  do  the  same,  but  not  one 
could  hit  him.  A  superstitious  dread  seized  him,  and  he  was  satis- 
tied  that  the  Great  Spirit  protected  the  young  hero,  and  ceased  liring 
at  him."  It  is  a  sin^'idar  circumstance  that  in  all  his  camj)aij;nin2:s 
Washington  Avas  never  wounded. 

Of  the  conduct  of  the  regulars  in  this  battle  some  diversity  of 
opinion  exists.  Washington,  in  a  letter  to  his  mother,  which  he 
never  suspected  would  be  made  public,  and  in  which  he  would  l>e 
expected  to  tell  his  real  sentiments,  says:  ''  In  short,  the  dastardly 
behavior  of  tlK)se  they  call  regulars,  exposed  all  others  who  were  in- 
clined to  do  their  duty  to  almost  certain  death;  and  at  last,  in  despite 
of  all  the  efforts  of  the  officers  to  the  contrary,  they  ran  as  sheep 
pursued  by  dogs,  and  it  was  impossible  to  rally  them." 

Braddock,  though  mortally  wounded,  was  still  able  to  give  orders. 
After  having  brought  off  the  remnant  of  his  force  and  recrossed  the 
river,  he  posted  his  command  in  an  advantageous  position  and  put 
out  sentinels,  in  the  hope  of  still  making  a  successful  advance, 
when  his  reinforcements  under  Dunbar  should  come  up;  but  before 
an  hour  had  elapsed  most  of  his  men  had  stolen  away,  and  fled  tc>- 
wards  Fort  Cum  l>erland.  Indeed,  the  teamsters  had,  from  the  begin- 
ningof  the  battle,  taken  out  the  best  horses  from  their  teams,  and 
rode  away.  Seeing  that  no  stand  could  be  made  the  retreat  was  con- 
tinued, and  Colonel  Gage  coming  up  with  eighty  men  whom  he  had 
rallied  gave  some  show  of  order.  Washington  was  directed  to  pro- 
ceed to  Dunbar's  camp,  forty  miles  away,  and  order  forward  trains 
and  supplies  for  bringing  off  the  wounded.  This  was  executed.  At 
Gist's  plantation  he  met  Gage  escorting  Braddock  and  a  portion  of 
the  wounded.  At  Dunbar's  camp  a  halt  of  one  day  was  made,  when 
the  retreat  was  resumed,  and  at  the  Great  Meadows  on  the  night  of 
the  IStli  Braddock  breathed  his  last.  He  had  been  heard  to  mutter, 
"  Who  would  have  thought  it!"  and  '^We  shall  better  know  how  to 
deal  with  them  another  time,"  as  if  he  still  hoped  to  rally  atid  fight. 
Lest  the  Indians  should  be  watching  and  knov.-  of  his  death  and 
burial  place  the  ceremony  of  his  interment  took  place  just  before 
dawn  in  the  morning.  The  chaplain  had  been  wounded,  and  Wash- 
ington read  the  burial  service  over  his  grave.  He  was  buried  in  the 
road-way,  and  the  trains  were  driven  over  the  grave,  so  that  the 
savages  shoiild  not  discover  his  last  resting-place.  The  grave  is  a 
few  yards  north  of  the  present  National  Eoad,  between  the  fifty-third 
and  fifty-fourth  mile-stone  from  Cumberland,  and  about  a  mile  west 
of  Fort  Necessity,  at  the  Great  Meadows.  "  Whatever  may  have 
been  his  [Braddock'sj  faults  and  errors,"  says  Irving,  "  he,  in  a  man- 


144  tllSTOKY    OK    GUKKNl'!    COTTNTV. 

iier,  expiated  theiri  by  the  hardest  lot  that  can  hef'al]  a  brave  soldier, 
ambitious  of  renown — an  unhonored  grave  in  a  strange  land." 

l)unl)ar  seems  to  have  been  completely  cowed  by  the  misfortunes 
of  the  dav,  and  the  death  of  his  general.  He  hastily  l)urst  all  the 
cannon,  burned  the  baggage  and  gun  carriages,  destroyed  the  ammu- 
nition and  stores,  and  made  a  hasty  retreat  to  Fort  Cumberland. 
AVhen  all  were  got  together  he  fonnd  he  had  fifteen  hundred  troops, 
H  sufficient  number  to  have  gone  forward  and  taken  the  fort.  15nt 
the  war-whoop  of  the  savage  seemed  to  be  still  ringing  in  his  ears, 
and  the  fear  oL"  losing  his  scalp  overshadowed  all.  He  continued  to 
fall  back  and  did  not  seem  quite  at  ease  till  he  had  reached  Philadel- 
])hia.  where  the  population  could  afford  him  entire  security.  The 
result  of  the  campaign  was  humiliating  to  JJritish  arms,  and  Frank- 
lin observed  in  his  autobiography,  "The  whole  transaction  gave'  us 
the  first  suspicion  that  our  exalted  ideas  of  British  regular  troops 
had  not  been  well  founded."  Had  Braddock  moved  in  light  march- 
ing order,  using  pack-horses  for  transportation,  and  taken  only  so 
much  baggage  as  was  necessary  for  a  short  campaign,  or  had  he 
when  attacked  taken  shelter  and  raked  the  ravines  with  his  artillery, 
the  fort  would  have  been  his  Avith  scarcely  a  struggle. 

It  has  since  been  disclosed  with  how  slender  a  force  Braddock 
was  defeated.  "The  true  reason,"  says  Irving,  '^vhy  the  enemy 
did  not  pursue  the  retreating  army  was  not  known  until  sometime 
afterwards,  and  added  to  the  disgrace  of  the  defeat.  They  w^ere  not 
the  main  force  of  the  French,  but  a  mere  detachment,  72  regulars, 
146  Canadians,  and  637  Indians,  855  in  all,  led  by  Captain  de 
Beaujeu,  De  Contreca?nr,  the  commander  of  Fort  Duquesne,  had 
received  information,  through  his  scouts,  that  the  English,  three 
thousand  strong,  were  within  six  leagues  of  his  fort.  Despairing  of 
making  any  effectual  defence  against  such  a  superior  force,  he  was 
balancing  in  his  mind  whether  to  abandon  his  fort  without  awaiting 
their  arrival,  or  to  capitulate  on  honorable  terms.  In  this  dilemma 
Beaujeu  prevailed  on  him  to  let  him  sally  forth  with  a  detachment 
to  form  an  ambush,  and  give  check  to  the  enemy.  De  Beaujeu  was 
to  have  taken  post  at  the  river,  and  have  disputed  the  passage  at  the 
ford.  For  that  purpose  he  was  hurrying  forward  when  disco^•ered 
by  the  pioneers  of  Gage's  advance  party.  He  was  a  gallant  officer 
and  fell  at  the  beginning  of  the  fight.  The  whole  number  killed 
and  wounded  of  F'rench  and  Indians  did  not  exceed  seventy.  Such 
was  the  scanty  force  which  the  imagination  of  the  panic  stricken 
army  had  magnified  into  a  great  host  and  from  which  they  had  Hed 
in  breathless  terror,  abandoning  the  whole  frontier.  No  one  could 
be  more  surprised  than  the  French  commander  himself,  when  the 
ambuscading  party  returned  in  triumph  with  a  long  train  of  pack- 
horses  laden  with  booty,  the  savages   uncouthly  clad  in  the  garments 


<a 


'-V-C^' 


HISTORY    OP    GREENE    COUNTY.  147 

of  the  slain, — grenadier  caps,  officers'  gold-laced  coats,  and  glittering- 
epaulettes, — ■flourishing  swords  and  sabres,  or  liring  off  muskets,  and 
uttering  tiend-like  yells  of  victory.  But  when  De  Contrec(jeur  was 
informed  of  the  utter  rout  and  destruction  of  the  much  dreaded 
British  army,  his  joy  was  complete.  He  ordered  the  guns  of  the 
fort  to  be  lired  in  triumph,  and  sent  out  troops  in  pursuit  of  the 
fugitives.'- 

Braddock  lost  all  his  papers,  orders  and  correspondence,  even 
to  his  own  commission,  his  military  chest  containing  £25,000 
in  money,  and  one  hundred  beeves.  Washington  lost  his  journal 
and  the  notes  of  his  campaign  to  Fort  Necesity  of  the  year  before. 
Indeed,  with  the  exception  of  Orme's  journal  and  a  seaman's  diary, 
no  papers  were  sa^ed.  In  a  letter  to  his  brother  Augustine,  Wash- 
ington recounted  his  losses  and  privations  in  his  several  public 
services,  in  a  repining  strain.  "  1  was  employed  to  go  a  journey  in 
the  winter,  when  I  believe  few  or  none  would  have  undertaken  it, 
and  what  did  I  get  by  it?— my  expenses  borne.  I  was  then  ap- 
pointed, with  trifling  pay,  to  conduct  a  handful  of  men  to  the  Ohio. 
What  did  I  get  by  that?  Why,  after  putting  myself  to  a  consider- 
able expense  in  equipping  and  providing  necessaries  for  the  cam- 
paign, 1  went  out,  was  soundly  beaten,  and  lost  all!  Came  in  and 
had  my  commission  taken  from  me;  or,  in  other  words  my  command 
reduced,  under  a  pretence  of  an  order  from  home  (England).  I  then 
went  out  a  volunteer  with  General  Braddock,  and  lost  all  my  horses, 
and  many  other  things.  But  this  being  a  voluntary  act,  I  ought  not 
to  have  mentioned  it;  nor  should  I  have  done  it,  were  it  not  to  show 
that  I  have  been  on  the  losing  order  ever  since  I  entered  the  service, 
which  is  now  nearly  two  years." 

Ah!  George,  this  does  look  like  a  sad  case  to  you  now!  You  did 
lose  a  few  horses  with  their  trappings;  you  did  suffer  on  a  winter 
tramp  through  the  forest  and  were  flred  at  by  the  savage,  and  hurled 
into  the  icy  current  of  the  river.  Yo\j  did  get  entrapped  at  Fort 
Necessity,  and  on  Braddock's  field  innumerable  bullets  were  aimed 
at  you,  when  pale  with  sickness  you  rode  np  and  down  that  bloody 
ground.  But,  my  young  friend,  did  you  ever  cast  up  your  gains  in 
these  campaignings?  You  did  sufter  some  losses  in  horses  and 
bridles  and  the  like.  But  there  was  not  a  true  breast  in  all  America 
that  did  not  swell  with  pride  when  it  knew  of  the  fidelity  and  reso- 
lution you  displaj^ed  in  the  trusts  imposed  upon  you,  and  the  gallant 
manner  in  which  you  acted  on  that  fatal  field,  when  all  around  you 
seemed  stricken  with  terror  and  dismay,  and  your  General  was 
bleeding  with  a  mortal  hurt.  You  did  indeed  lose  some  sleep,  and 
disease  preyed  upon  your  system  in  consequence  of  exposure;  but 
there  was  not  an  Englishman  anywhere  in  the  civilized  world  who 
M'as  not  touched  with  some  share  of  your  anguish  when  the  story  ol 

7* 


148  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY, 

your  heroism  was  rehearsed;  not  a  Christian  in  all  the  land  who 
could  not  join  with  the  President  of  Princeton  College,  the  Rev. 
Samuel  Davis,  who  referred  in  a  sermon  preached  not  long  after  the 
event  to  "that  heroic  youth.  Colonel  Washington,  whom  I  cannot 
but  hope  Providence  has  hitherto  preserved  in  so  signal  a  manner 
for  some  important  service  to  his  country." 


CHAPTER  X. 


Seven  Years'  War  Opened — Indians  Inspired  by  Defeat  of  Brad- 
dock —  Terrible  War  Upon  Settlers  —  French  Offer  Re- 
wards FOR  Scalps — Line  of  Forts  Along  the  Kittatinny  Hills 

P^RANKLIN    in    CoMMANI) ARMSTRONG    AT    KiTTANNING LoRD 

Loudon  Unsuccessful — Williaje  Pitt  Comes  to  Power — Aber- 

CROMBIE    AND    BoSCAWEN TiCONDEROGA    HeLD,    BUT    FrONTENAC 

Lost  by  the  French — General  Forbes  at  Fort  du  Quesne — 
Moravian  Post  Sent  to  the  Indians — The  Vicegerent  of  the 
Lord — Indians  Superstitious  —  Indian  Methods — Fort  du 
Quesne  Occupied — Amuerst  in  Command — Ticonderoga  and 
Crown  Point  and  Niagara  Taken— Wolf  on  the  Plains  of 
Abraham — Quebec  Defended  —  Montreal  Captured — The 
French  Expelled  From  North  Amekk  a  East  of  the  Missis- 
sippi— Pitt's  Yigokous  Policy  Everywhere  Crowned  with 
Success — But  at  a  Cost  of  $560,000,000 — EncxLIsh  Speaking 
and  Not  French. 

ri^HOUGIl  some  advantages  had  been  gained  at  Nova  Scotia  and  at 
X  Fort  William  Henry  in  New  York,  yet  the  great  disaster  to 
Braddock,  on  whose  success  towering  hopes  had  been  formed,  spread 
gloom  through  the  colonies  and  touched  the  pride  of  the  British 
nation.  Seeing  that  the  claims  of  the  French  to  the  country  west  of 
the  Alleghany  Mountains  as  well  as  the  northern  frontiers  of  the  colo- 
nies were  likely  to  be  vigorously  pushed,  the  English  government 
determined  to  assert  counter  claims  with  even  greater  vigor.  Ac- 
cordingly war  was  declared  against  Fj"ance  on  the  17th  of  May,  1756, 
and  General  Abercrombie  was  sent  to  take  active  command  in  the 
Held  in  place  of  Shirley,  who  had  succeeded  to  the  command  on  the 
fall  of  Braddock,  and  Lord  Loudon,  who  had  been  appointed  Gov- 
ernor of  Virginia,  was  placed  in  supreme  command  of  all  the  armies 
in  America.     The  plan  of  campaign  of  1756  was  a  vigorous  one. 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  149 

Teu  thousand  men  were  to  attuck  C'ro\vn  Point,  six  thousand  were  to 
advance  upon  Niagara,  three  tliousand  were  to  constitute  the  cohnnn 
to  move  against  Fort  du  Quesne,  and  two.  thousand  were  to  descend 
from  the  Kennebec  upon  the  French  upon  the  Chaudiere  River. 
But  before  any  movement  could  be  made,  tlie  French,  under  Mont- 
cahn,  crossed  Lake  Ontario,  captured  Fort  Ontario,  killing  tlie  com- 
mander, Colonel  Mercer,  took  fourteen  hundred  prisoners,  a  quantity 
of  arms  and  stores,  and  several  vessels,  and  liaving  destro^'ed  the  forts, 
returned  to  Canada  without  serious  loss.  This  threw"  the  whole 
frontier  of  New  York  and  the  Six  Nations,  who  had  remained  loyal 
to  the  English,  open  to  the  French. 

Previous  to  the  expedition  of  Bi-addock,  the  Indians  along  the 
upper  Ohio,  the  Shawneese  and  Delawares,  had  been  kept  by  frequent 
friendly  messages  from  their  Fathers,  the  Governors  of  the  colonies, 
but  more  by  high  piled  up  presents,  true  to  their  allegiance  to  the 
English.  Indeed  so  much  confidence  had  the  friendship  of  the  tribes 
inspired  that  several  families  had  settled  along  the  valley  of  the 
Monongahela,  in  Pennsylvania.  But  the  coming  of  a  detachment 
of  the  French  army  with  their  great  guns,  dressed  in  showj^  uniforms, 
the  officers  bedecked  with  gold  lace  and  nodding  plumes,  and  taking 
possession  unopposed  of  the  strong  fort  the  English  were  building, 
changed  all  this.  They  concluded  that  the  French  had  established 
themselves  permanently  here,  and  consequently  they  were  easily  won 
over,  and  induced  to  light  with  what  they  judged  was  the  stronger 
party.  When  Braddock  came  they  were  seized  with  fear  at  the  ap- 
pearance of  strength,  and  were  with  great  difficulty  induced  to  go 
out  with  Beaujeu  to  offer  light.  But  when  they  found  how  easily 
this  great  force  of  English  was  overcome,  and  what  a  harvest  of 
scalps  and  booty  they  gathered  with  little  loss  to  themselves,  they 
were  inspired  with  great  contempt  for  the  red  coats,  and  a  corres- 
ponding admiration  for  the  French.  That  battle  aroused  all  the 
bloody  instincts  that  are  common  to  the  savage  breast.  So  confident 
did  the  French  become  that  they  could  hold  the  country  by  the  aid 
of  the  natives,  that  instead  of  reinforcing  the  fort  with  additional 
troops,  they  actually  sent  away  a  portion  of  those  who  were  there  to 
Yenango  and  other  posts  beyond. 

"VVlien,  therefore,  Braddock's  column  retreated  out  of  the  Monon- 
gahela valley,  the  settlers,  knowing  their  insecurity,  fled  to  the 
nearest  forts  for  safety.  The  savages  had  now  the  taste  of  blood,  and 
like  wild  beasts  would  not  be  satisfied  until  they  w^ere  gorged.  Not 
two  months  from  the  time  when  the  English  retired,  the  warrior 
chieftain,  Shingiss,  with  a  band  of  warriors  from  the  Delawares  and 
Shawneese,  had  moved  out  to  the  Alleghanies  and  crossed  the  sum- 
mits. Being  now  upon  tlie  war-path,  witli  stenltliy  step  lie  came 
upon  the  unsuspecting  settle)-,  and  his  stony  heart  was  untouciied  by 


150  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

the  cries  for  pity.  The  tender  infant  and  trembling  age  were 
mercilessly  tomahawked  and  scalped,  and  their  cabins  burned.  On 
the  4th  of  October,  wrote  to  Col.  Burd:  "Last  night  came  to  the 
Mill  at  Wolgomoth's,  an  Express  going  on  to  the  Governor  of  Mary- 
land with  an  account  of  the  inhabitants  being  out  on  Patterson's 
Creek;  and  about  the  fort  the  express  says,  there  is  forty  killed  and 
takeli,  and  that  one  whole  family  was  burned  to  death  in  a  house. 
The  Indians  destroyed  all  before  them,  firing  Houses,  Barnes,  Stack- 
yards and  everything  that  will  burn."  Governor  Sharpe,  of  Mary- 
land, writes  a  few  days  later  to  the  Governor  of  Pennsylvania,  "I 
have  received  several  letters  advising  me  that  the  Indians  have 
since  the  1st  inst.  (Oct.)  cut  off  a  great  n>any  families  who  lived  near 
Fort  Cumberland,  and  on  both  sides  of  Potowmack  some  miles  east- 
ward of  the  fort.  It  is  supposed  that  near  one  hundred  persons  have 
been  murdered,  or  carried  away  prisoners  by  these  barbarians,  who 
have  burnt  the  houses,  and  ravaged  all  the  plantations.  Parties  of 
the  enemy  appear  within  sight  of  Fort  Cumberland  every  day,  and 
frequently  in  greater  numbers  than  the  garrison  consists  of.  As  I 
presume  it  will  not  be  long  before  these  people  pay  a  visit  to  your 
borders.  I  take  this  opportunity  of  intimating  what  I  think  may  be 
expected." 

And  now  the  torch  of  savage  warfare  liglited  up  all  the  bordei'. 
and  even  penetrated  far  into  the  older  settled  portions  of  the  country. 
AVeiser,  the  Indian  trader,  sent  word  to  Governor  Morris  of  a  mas- 
sacre which  had  taken  place  on  John  Penn's  Creek,  Avliich  flows  into 
the  Susquehanna  five  miles  above  the  confluence  of  the  North  and 
West  branches.  "Several  people  have  been  found  scalped  and  twenty- 
eight  are  missing;  the  people  are  in  great  consternation,  and  are 
coming  down  leaving  their  plantations  and  corn  behind  them."  A 
party  who  had  been  to  Shamokiu  to  ascertain  where  the  enemy  had 
come  from  who  had  perpetrated  the  outrages  on  Penn's  Creek,  were 
fired  on  by  lurking  savages  on  their  return,  and  four  were  killed  and 
four  drowned  in  attempting  to  cross  the  river.  Warned  of  their 
danger,  the  settlements  for  fifty  miles  along  the  river  Susquehanna 
were  abandoned.  "The  people,"  says  Governor  Morris  to  the  Gov- 
ernor of  Virginia,  "  are  mostly  without  arms,  and  struck  with  such  a 
panick  that  they  flee  as  fast  as  they  can  from  their  habitations." 

The  portents  of  Indian  depredations  now  thickened  on  every  side, 
and  no  doubt  exaggerated  reports  of  the  coming  of  the  French  and  In- 
dians helped  to  swell  the  consternation.  The  settlement  at  Great 
Cove,  in  Cumberland  County,  was  attacked  on  Sunday  morning,  Nov. 
2d,  when  six  were  killed  and  seventeen  borne  away  into  a  captivity 
more  terrible  than  death.  The  town  of  Little  Cove  and  Conoloways, 
on  the  following  day  were  attacked,  and  the  sherifi'  of  the  county,  Mr. 
Potter,  reported  "that  of ninety-three  fantilies  which  were  settled  in 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  151 

tlie  two  Coves  and  tiie  Conoloways,  forty-seven  were  either  killed  or 
taken  and  the  rest  deserted."  Encouraged  by  their  snccesses  gained 
over  defenseless  settlers  whom  they  stole  npon  and  murderetl,  the 
Indians  pushed  on  into  Berks  County,  and  on  the  18th  of  November 
the  Governor  informed  the  Mayor  of  Philadelphia,  "that  the  Indians 
have  fallen  upon  the  settlements  of  Tulpehoscon;  that  they  had 
slaughtered  many  of  the  inhabitants,  and  laid  waste  the  country, 
and  were  moving  towards  the  town  of  Reading,  which  is  within  sixty 
miles  of  this  city.  The  Moravian  settlement  on  the  Lehigh  was 
attacked,  and  their  meeting-house,  dwellins^  houses,  barns,  in  which 
were  hay,  horses,  and  forty  head  of  fat  cattle,  were  destroyed. 

The  Indians  had  now  compassed  the  whole  frontier  east  of  the 
mountains,  stretching  from  the  Delaware  Water  Gap  to  the  Potomac 
waters,  a  distance  of  150  miles,  and  a  breadth  of  twenty  to  thirty 
miles.  In  a  report  to  the  Council  made  on  the  29th  of  November, 
the  Secretary  said,  the  frontier  -•  has  been  entirely  deserted,  the 
houses  and  improvements  reduced  to  ashes,  the  cattle,  horses, 
grain,  goods,  and  elfects  of  the  inhabitants  either  destroyed,  burned, 
or  carried  off  by  the  Indians.  All  our  accounts  agree  in  this,  that 
the  French  since  the  defeat  of  Gen.  Braddock,  have  gained  over  to 
their  interest  the  Delaware?,  Shawanees,  and  many  other  Indian 
nations  formerly  in  our  alliance,  and  on  whom,  through  fear  and  their 
large  promises  of  rewards  for  scalps,  and  assurances  of  reinstating 
them  in  the  possession  of  the  lantls  they  have  sold  to  the  English, 
they  have  prevailed  to  take  up  anus  against  us,  and  to  join  heartily 
with -them  in  the  execution  of  the  ground  they  have  been  long  med- 
itating, the  possession  of  all  the  country  between  the  river  Ohio  and 
the  river  Susquehanna,  and  to  secure  that  possession  by  building  a 
strong  fort  at  Shamokin,  which,  by  its  so  advantageous  situation  at 
the  conflux  of  the  two  main  branches  of  Susquehanna,  one  whereof 
interlocks  with  the  waters  of  the  Ohio,  and  the  other  heads  in  the 
center  of  the  country  of  the  Six  Nations,  will  command  and  make  the 
French  entire  masters  of  all  that  extensive,  rich  and  fertile  country, 
and  of  all  the  trade  with  the  Indians,  and  from  whence  they  can  at 
pleasure  enter  and  annoy  our  territories,  and  put  an  effectual  stop  to 
the  future  extension  of  oursettlement  on  that  quarter,  not  to  mention 
the  many  other  obvious  mischiefs  and  fatal  consequences  that  must  at- 
tend their  having  a   fort  at  Shamokin." 

So  deadly  had  the  Indian  incursions  become  and  so  threatening 
to  the  peace  and  safety  of  the  colony,  that  the  Governor,  on  the  14th 
of  April,  issued  liis  proclamation  declaring  war  against  the  Dela- 
wares,  and  offering  a  reward  for  Indian  scalps  and  prisoners. 
In  Virginia  the  enemy  showed  a  like  activity  hovering  about  the 
fort  at  Mills  Creek,  and  even  ])ushing  forward  till  they  had  actually 
reached  and  invested  the  town  of  Winchester.     Whereu])on  the  Gov- 


152  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

ernor  called  out  the  militia  of  the  eleven  contiguous  counties.  But 
the  campaign  undertaken  was  fruitless,  for  when  the  Indians  perceived 
a  competent  force  opposed  to  them,  dispersed  and  disappeared,  or 
lured  their  pursuers  on  to  destruction. 

To  check  the  progress  of  these  savage  inroads  upon  the  settle- 
ments troops  were  raised  in  Pennsylvania  through  the  influence  of 
Franklin,  and  a  line  of  forts  was  erected  along  the  Kittatinny  Hills, 
extending  from  the  Delaware  to  the  Patomac,  at  a  cost  of  £85,000; 
those  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Susquehanna  being  Depui,  Lehigh, 
Allen,  Everitt,  Williams,  Henry,  Swatara,  Hunter,  Halifax  and 
Augusta,  and  those  on  the  west  bank  Louther,  Morris,  Franklin, 
Granville,  Shirley,  Lyttleton  and  Loudoun.  Much  difficulty  was 
experienced  in  overcoming  the  scruples  of  the  Quakers;  but  Frank- 
lin issued  and  circulated  a  dialogue  answering  the  objections  to  a 
legalized  militia,  and  at  the  earnest  solicitation  of  the  Governor,  he 
was  put  in  command  of  the  troops  raised.  As  soon,  however,  as  he 
had  the  requisite  force  and  saw  the  work  of  locating  and  building  the 
forts  well  under  way  he  retired  to  take  his  seat  in  the  assembly,  and 
Colonel  Clapham  was  left  m  command. 

In  July,  1756,  King  Shingiss,  with  a  hostile  band,  appeared  be- 
fore P'ort  Granville,  now  Lewistown,  and  finding  it  feebly  manned, 
carried  it  by  storm,  killing  some  of  its  defenders,  and  carrying  away 
captives  a  considerable  number  of  inmates.  The  home  of  this  form- 
idable chief  was  Kittanning,  on  the  banks  of  the  Allegheny  Kiver. 
Here  he  had  quite  a  town,  and  here  dwelt  Captain  Jacobs,  chief  of 
the  Delawares.  The  French  supplied  them  with  arms  and  ammuni- 
tion and  needed  supplies,  which  were  floated  down  the  Venango  and 
Allegheny  liivers.  At  the  time  of  this  attack  u]ion  the  fort  at 
Lewistown,  Colonel  John  Armstrong  was  in  command  of  the  Second 
regiment  of  Pennsylvania  troops,  stationed  west  of  the  Susquehanna, 
and  it  was  determined  to  send  him  in  pursuit  of  these  dusky  warriors. 
Cantiousl}'  pushing  forward  from  tlie  point  of  rendeznous  at  Fort 
Shirley,  now  Huntingdon  County,  with  a  force  of  some  three  hun- 
dred men,  sending  forward  scouting  parties  to  prevent  discovery,  he 
fortunately  came  in  close  upon  the  town  without  discovery.  From 
his  official  report  dated  at  Fort  Lyttleton  (Bedford),  September  14, 
lie  says:  AVe  lost  much  time  "from  the  ignorance  of  our  pilots, 
who  neither  knew  the  true  situation  of  the  town,  nor  the  best  paths 
that  led  thereto;  by  which  means  after  crossing  a  number  of  liills 
and  valleys  our  front  reached  the  river  Allegheny  about  one  hundred 
perches  l)elow  the  main  body  of  the  town  a  little  before  the  setting 
of  the  moon,  to  which  place,  rather  than  by  pilots,  we  were  guided 
by  the  beating  of  the  drum,  and  the  whooping  of  the  warriors  at 
their  dances.  It  then  became  us  to  make  the  ])est  use  of  onr  moon- 
light;   but   we  were  aware  an  Indian  whistled   in  a  very  singular 


History  of  oreene  county.  153 

manner,  about  thirty  perches  from  our  front  in  the  foot  of  a  corn- 
field, upon  which  we  iininediately  sat  down,  and  after  passing  silence 
to  the  rear,  I  asked  one  Baker,  a  soldier,  who  was  our  best  assistant, 
whether  that  was  not  a  signal  to  their  warriors  of  our  approacii.  He 
answered,  "no;"  and  said  it  was  the  manner  of  a  young  fellow  call- 
ing a  squaw,  after  he  had  done  his  dance,  who,  accordingly  kindled 
a  tire,  cleaned  liis  gun,  and  shot  it  off  before  he  went  to  sleep." 

The  night  w'as  warm  and  the  Indians  prepared  to  sleep  in  differ- 
ent parts  of  the  corn  field,  building  some  light  tires  to  drive  aw^ay 
gnats.  Sending  a  part  of  his  force  along  the  hills  to  the  right  to  cut 
off  retreat  in  that  direction,  he  himself  led  the  larger  part  below  and 
opposite  the  cornfield  where  he  supposed  the  warriors- lay.  At 
break  of  day  the  attack  was  made,  advancing  rapidly  through  the 
corn  and  sending  a  detachment  to  advance  up  in  the  houses.  "Cap- 
tain Jacobs  then  gave  the  warwhoop,  and  with  sundry  other  Indians, 
as  the  English  prisoners  afterwards  told  us,  cried,  'the  white  men 
were  at  last  come,  they  would  have  scalps  enough,'  but  at  the  same 
time  oi'dered  the  squaws  and  children  to  flee  to  the  woods."  The 
lire  in  the  corn  field  was  brisk,  and  from  the  houses,  which  were  built 
of  logs  and  loopholed,  the  Indians  did  some  execution  without  expos- 
ing themselves.  Accordingly  the  order  was  given  to  fire  the  houses, 
and  as  the  flames  spread  the  Indians  were  summoned  to  surrender, 
but  one  of  them  said:  "I  am  a  man,  and  will  not  be  a  prisoner." 
He  was  told  that  he  would  be  burned.  To  this  he  replied  that  he 
did  not  care  for  he  would  kid  four  or  five  before  he  died.  "As  the 
fire  began  to  approach,  and  the  smoke  grow  thick,  one  of  the  Indian 
fellows  to  show  his  manhood  began  to  sing.  A  squaw  in  the  same 
house,  and  at  the  same  time,  was  heard  to  cry  and  make  a  noise; 
but  for  so  doing  was  severely  rebuked  by  the  men;  but,  by  and  by, 
the  fire  being  too  hot  for  them,  two  Indian  fellows  and  a  squaw 
sprang  out  and  made  for  the  corn  field,  who  were  immediately  shot 
down;  then  surrounding  the  houses,  it  was  thought  Captain  Jacobs 
tumbled  himself  out  at  the  garret  or  cockloft  window  at  which  he 
was  shot— our  prisoners  offering  to  be  qualified  to  the  powder-horn 
and  pouch,  there  taken  off  him,  which  they  say  he  had  lately  got 
from  a  French  officer,  in  exchange  for  Lieutenant  Armstrong's  boots, 
wiiich  he  carried  from  Fort  Greenville,  where  the  Lieutenant  was 
killed.  The  same  prisoners  say  they  are  perfectly  assured  of  his 
scalp,  as  no  other  Indians  there  wore  their  hair  in  the  same  manner. 
They  also  say  they  know  the  squaw's  scalp  by  a  particular  bob,  and 
also  know  the  scalp  of  a  young  Indian  called  the  King's  Son.  Be- 
fore this  time.  Captain  Hugh  Mucer,  who  early  in  the  action  was 
wounded  in  the  arm,  had  been  taken  to  the  top  of  the  hill  above  the 
town,  to  where  a  number  of  the  men  and  some  of  the  officers  were 
gathered." 


X54  HISTOEY    OF    GREENE    COUNTV. 

Wlieii  all  the  houses  had  been  lired  Colonel  Armstrong  deter- 
mined to  take  to  the  hills  before  destroying  the  corn  and  beating  up 
the  savages  probably  lurking  there,  for  fear  of  being  surrounded  and 
cut  off  by  reinforcements  from  Du  Quesne,  or  French  comijig  down 
the  rfver,  as  Indians  had  been  seen  crossing  the  river  from  above, 
"DuriuD-  the  burning  of  the  houses,"  says  Colonel  Armstrong, 
"  wliich  were  nearly  thirty  in  number,  we  were  agreeably  entertained 
with  a  quick  succession  of  charged  guns  gradually  tiring  off,  as  they 
were  reached  by  the  lire;  but  more  so  with  the  vast  explosion  of 
sundry  bags  and  large  kegs  of  gun  powder,  where  with  almost  every 
house  abounded.  The  prisoners  afterwards  informed  us  that  the 
Indians  had  frequently  said  they  had  a  suthcient  stock  of  ammuni- 
tion for  ten'  years,  to  war  with  the  English.  AVith  the  roof  of  Cap- 
tain Jacob's  house,  when  the  powder  blew  up,  was  thrown  the  leg  and 
thio-h  of  an  Indian,  with  a  child  of  three  or  four  years  old,  such  a  height 
that  they  appeared  as  nothing,  and  fell  into  the  adjacent  coi'n  field. 
There  was  also  a  great  quantity  of  goods  burnt,  which  the  Indians 
had  received  but  ten  days  before  from  the  French." 

On  the  day  before  a  party  of  twenty-four  Indians  had  been  sent 
out  from  Kittanning  as  the  advance  force  that  was  to  have  followed, 
to  destroy  Fort  Shirley,  Croghan's  fort  on  the  Juniata.  This  scout- 
ino-  party  fell  in  with  a  party  of  Armstrong's  men,  under  Lieutenant 
Hoo:g,  who  had  been  left  in  charge  of  the  horses  and  baggage,  and  a 
sharp  skirmish  ensued  causing  loss  on  both  sides,  but  in  which  the 
savages  were  eventually  put  to  tlight.  Lieutenant  Hogg  was  mortally 
wounded. 

Thou'di  there  was  not  so  miuch  accomplished  as  could  have  been 
desired,  owing  to  the  ignorance  of  the  guides,  and  the  difficulty  of 
approaching  so  alert  and  wily  a  foe,  yet  it  must  be  regarded  as  a 
sio-nal  success,  brought  about  by  a  display  of  bravery  and  skill  rarely 
excelled  in  conducting  campaigns  against  Indians.  The  place  had 
to  be  found  by  ways  entirely  unknown  to  them ;  the  log-houses  were 
well  provided  with  port-holes,  from  which  the  occupants  could  fire 
upon  the  troops  approaching  without  exposing  themselves,  and  the 
corn  field  gave  cover  to  the  skulking  manner  of  savage  warfare.  In 
the  face  ot'these  difficulties  Armstrong  boldly  advanced  till  lie  found 
the  town,  skillfully  posted  his  little  force  so  as  to  cut  off  retreat,  and 
after  a  stubborn  tight  put  the  savages  to  the  swofd,  burned  their 
town,  destroyed  their  supplies  of  ammunition  and  French  goods,  and 
brought  ofi"  his  force  with  but  the  loss  of  seventeen  killed,  thirteen 
wounded,  and  nineteen  missing.  The  loss  of  the  Indians  was  un- 
known, "but  on  a  moderate  computation,  it  is  generally  believed  that 
there  cannot  be  less  than  thirty  or  forty  killed  or  mortally  wounded." 
The  blow  was  sorely  felt  by  the  Indians.  It  called  a  halt  in  their 
ravacres,  and  reminded  them  that  there  were  blows  to  take  as  well  as 


-  l^rSst^iS^-  \  — i; 


J^J^G-i^^ 


€         ^ad- 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  157 

give.  It  caused  them  to  ask  themselves  what  tliey  were  gaining  by 
their  warfare  upon  the  English,  and  what  they  were  really  receiving 
from  the  French  beyond  ammunition  and  guns  with  whicli  to  prose- 
cute the  war.  They  found  themselves  pushed  forward  to  do  the 
figliting  while  the  French  could  lay  back  in  their  secure  fortilications, 
and  reap  the  advantages  of  their  temerity. 

Great  was  the  rejoicing  in  Philadelphia  at  the  result  of  this  ex- 
pedition; the  councils  voted  thanks  for  the  success  attendincr  the 
enterprise,  and  the  sum  of  £150,  for  the  purcliase  of  presents  for  tlie 
officers  and  for  the  relief  of  the  families  of  the  killed.  On  the  com- 
mander M^as  bestowed  a  medal  bearing  on  one  side  the  words,  "  Kit- 
tanning  destroyed  by  Colonel  Armstrong,  September,  1756,"  and  on 
the  other,  "The  gift  of  the  corporation  of  Philadelphia.'' 

The  campaign  of  1757  in  America,  was  conducted  on  tlie  part  of 
the  English  with  little  judgment  or  vigor.  The  dilatory,  brainless 
Lord  Loudoun  was  in  supreme  command  in  xVmerica,  and  confined  his 
principal  operation  to  an  attack  upon  Louisburg.  But  when  ar- 
rived with  a  strong  land  force  and  a  powerful  fleet,  l)eing  told  that 
the  enemy  outnumbered  him,  he  abandoned  the  enterprise  and  re- 
turned to  New  York  without  even  showinc^  a  hostile  front.  In  the 
meantime,  the  French  under  Montcalm,  had  struck  a  blow  at  Fort 
William  Henry  in  northern  New  York,  and  compelled  the  garrison 
to  surrender,  three  thousand  strong.  In  marchincr  ofl' with  the  honors 
of  war  accorded  them  by  Montcalm,  the  enraged  Indians,  not  accus- 
tomed to  see  an  enemy  escape  in  that  way,  fell  ujion  the  retreating 
English  and  made  a  great  slaughter,  plundered  their  baggage,  and 
pursued  them  to  their  shelter. 

At  this  juncture  of  disgrace  (29th  of  June,  1757,)  William  Pitt 
was  called  to  the  head  of  the  British  ministry.  Mortified  by  the 
failures  of  his  country,  he  planned  to  prosecute  the  war  in  America 
in  his  peerless  way.  The  heartless  Lord  Loudoun  was  recalled  and 
(4eiieral  Al)ercroml)ie  M'as  placed  in  command  of  the  land,  and  Ad- 
miral Boscawen  of  a  strong  naval  force.  Twelve  thousand  additional 
regulars  were  dispatched  to  America,  and  the  colonies  were  asked  to 
raise  twenty  thousand  more,  Pitt  promising  in  the  name  of  Parlia- 
ment to  furnish  arms  and  provisions,  and  to  I'eimburse  all  the  money 
expended  in  raising  and  clothing  them.  The  word  of  Pitt  was  magi- 
cal, flfteen  thousand  volunteering  from  New  England  alone.  Louis- 
l)urg,  Ticonderoga,  and  Fort  Du  Quesne,  were  to  be  the  points  of  at- 
tack in  the  campaign  of  1758.  Admiral  Boscawen  arrived  at  Halifax  in 
May  with  forty  vessels  of  war  and  twelve  thousand  men,  under  Generals 
Amherst  and  Wolfe.  Louisburg  was  invested,  and  though  a  vigor- 
ous defence  for  fifty  days  was  maintained,  it  was  compelled  to  sur- 
rendei'   with  a  loss  of   Ave   thousand    prisoners,  a  large  quantity  of 


158  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

munitions  of   war,  and  the  destruction  of  all    the  shipping  in  the 
harbor. 

But  not  so  well  fared  the  advance  upon  Ticonderoga,  which  was 
made  by  General  Abercrombie  and  the  young  Lord  Howe.  With 
seven  thousand  regulars,  nine  thousand  provincials,  and  a  heavy 
artillery  train,  an  advance  was  made  upon  the  fort  defended  by  Mont- 
calm with  scarcely  four  thousand  French.  The  attack  was  vigorously 
made,  but  Lord  Howe  was  killed  in  a  skirmish  with  a  scouting  party, 
and  after  four  hours  of  severe  lighting  and  the  loss  of  two  thousand 
men,  Abercrombie,  finding  the  work  stronger  than  he  had  anticipated, 
fell  back  discomforted,  and  after  sending  out  a  force  under  Colonel 
Bradstreet,  who  captured  Fort  Frontenac,  and  subsequently  built 
Fort  StauAvix,  where  Rome,  New  York,  now  stands,  and  garrisoned 
Fort  George,  he  retired  with  the  main  body  to  Albany.  The  fall  of 
Frontenac,  with  the  loss  of  a  thousand  prisoners,  ten  armed  vessels, 
lifty  serviceable  cannon,  sixteen  mortars,  a  large  quantity  of  ammu- 
nition and  stores,  and  valuable  magazines  of  goods  designed  for 
trade  with  the  Indians,  was  a  heavy  blow  to  the  French,  as  it  de- 
prived them  of  their  great  store-house  for  supplies. 

The  campaign  against  Fort  I)u  Quesne  was  entrusted  to  General 
John  Forbes,  with  about  nine  thousand  men,  including  the  Yirginia  ^ 
militia  under  Wasliington,  stationed  at  Fort  Cumberland.  Forbes 
was  a  sick  man,  and  was  detained  on  that  account  in  Philadelphia, 
while  Boquet,  who  was  second,  moved  forward  with  his  forces. 
Washington  favored  an  advance  by  Braddock's  road,  but  Boquet 
chose  a  line  more  direct,  and  further  north.  The  labor  of  cutting  an 
entirely  new  road  through  the  trackless  forest  and  over  craggy  steeps 
was  toilsome. 

Li  the  meantime,  that  the  Indians,  who  had  thus  far  fought  des- 
perately for  the  French,  might  be  weakened  in  their  adherence,  a 
messenger  was  sent  to  visit  the  tribes  upon  the  Ohio,  to  show  these 
dusky  men  of  the  forest  how  they  were  being  used  by  their -masters 
the  French,  for  their  own  selfish  purposes.  The  agent  selected  M-as 
a  Moravian,  Christian  Post,  a  man  who  had  spent  much  time  among 
the  Indians,  and  had  married  among  them.  He  was  a  pious  man 
speaking  much  in  scripture  phrase,  and  apparently  sincerely  believ- 
ing that  he  was  under  the  special  care  of  divine  Providence,  and  it 
is  a  singular  fact  confirmatory  of  his  belief,  that  although  he  made 
two  journeys  back  and  forth  conveying  messages  from  the  Governor 
and  from  General  Forbes,  through  a  country  everywhere  infested  l»y 
hostile  savages  thirsting  for  scalps,  he  escaped  unharmed,  and  was 
everywhere  kindly  received  and  his  pious  conversation  treasured  in 
their  hearts.  His  broad  brimmed  hat  was  like  a  halo  over  him.  In 
closing  his  journal  after  a  safe  return,  he  says,  "The  Lord  has  pre- 
served me  through  all  the  dangers  and  difficulties    I   have  ever  been 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  159 

under.  He  directed  me  according  to  his  will,  by  his  holy  spirit.  I 
had  no  one  to  converse  with  but  him.  He  brought  me  under  a  thick, 
heavy,  and  a  dark  cloud,  into  the  open  air;  for  which  I  adore,  praise, 
and  worship  the  Lord  my  God,  that  I  know  has  grasped  me  in  his 
liands,  and  has  forgiven  me  all  my  sins,  and  has  sent  and  washed  my 
heart  with  his  most  precious  blood;  that  1  now  live  not  for  myself, 
but  for  him  that  made  me;  and  to  do  his  holy  will  is  my  pleasure." 

Such  was  the  spirit  in  which  he  went,  and  it  was  this  spirit  which 
inclined  the  most  warlike  and  hostile  Indians  to  listen.  They  would 
sliare  with  him  their  last  morsel,  would  conduct  him  on  his  way,  and 
watch  patiently  over  him  through  the  long  hours  of  the  gloomy  night, 
that  no  evil  should  befall  him.  They  were,  therefore,  disposed  to 
listen  to  his  message,  and  when  he  showed  them  tliat  they  were 
being  put  forward  by  the  French  to  light  their  battles,  and  that  the 
purpose  of  the  French  was  to  hold  all  this  line  country,  and  if  they 
were  successful  in  driving  off  the  English,  they  would  then  turn  upon 
the  poor  Indians  and  drive  them  off,  they  began  to  realize  the  truth 
of  his  words. 

The  following  fragment  of  a  conversation  recorded  in  Post's 
first  journal  will  illustrate  the  nature  of  his  mission:  "Now  Brother 
(Post),  we  (Pisquetnmen,  Tom  Hickman,  and  Sliingiss),  love  you, 
but  cannot  help  wondering  why  the  English  and  P^rench  do  not  make 
up  with  one  another,  and  tell  one  another  not  to  fight  on  our  land."" 
Post  replied  to  them,  "  Brother,  if  the  English  told  the  French  so  a 
thousand  times,  they  never  would  go  away.  Brother,  you  know  so 
long  as  the  world  has  stood  there  has  not  been  such  a  war.  You 
know  when  the  French  lived  on  the  other  side  the  war  was  there, 
and  here  we  lived  in  peace.  Consider  how  many  thousand  men  are 
killed,  and  how  many  houses  are  burned  since  the  French  lived  liere; 
if  they  had  not  been  here  it  would  not  have  been  so;  you  know  we 
do  not  blame  you;  we  blame  the  French;  they  are  the  cause  of  this 
war;  therefore,  wedo  not  come  to  hurt  you,  but  to  chastise  the  F'rench." 

The  effect  which  the  words  of  the  messenger  had  upon  the  In- 
dians, may  be  judged  by  the  following  answer  which  was  made  to  a 
messenger  of  the  Frencli  wJio  had  come  with  wampum  to  summon 
them  to  the  fort,  by  a  party  of  chieftains  who  had  assembled  to  con- 
fer with  Post:  ''  Give  it  (the  wampum)  to  the  French  captain  and 
let  him  go  with  his  young  men;  he  boasted  much  of  his  fighting; 
now  let  us  see  his  fiffhtin^.  We  have  often  ventured  our  lives  for 
him;  and  hardly  a  loaf  of  bread,  when  we  came  to  him;  and  now  he 
thinks  we  sliould  jump  to  serve  him." 

The  Indian  is  naturally  a  worshiper,  a  bundle  of  superstitions. 
Though  possessed  of  savage  instincts  they  were  captivated  by  Post 
because  he  professed  to  be  ever  under  the  control  of  the  great  spirit, 
and  spoke  with  such  trust,  as  though  he  was  upon  earth  a  vicegerent 


160  IIISTOltY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

of  the  Lord.  Post  himself  says  of  tliein;  "  There  is  not  a  prouder, 
or  more  high-minded  people,  in  themselves,  than  the  Indians.  They 
think  themselves  the  wisest  and  prudentest  men  in  the  world;  and 
that  tliey  can  overpower  both  the  French  and  English  when  they 
please.  The  white  people  are  in  their  eyes,  nothing  at  all.  They 
say  that  through  their  conjuring  craft,  they  can  do  what  they  please, 
and  nothing  can  withstand  them.  In  their  way  of  lighting,  the}^ 
have  this  method,  to  see  that  they  first  shoot  the  officers  and  com- 
manders, and  then  they  say  they  shall  be  sure  to  have  them.  They 
also  say,  that  if  their  conjurers  run  through  the  middle  of  our  peo- 
ple no  bullet  can  hurt  them.  They  say  too  that  when  they  have 
shot  the  commanders  the  soldiers  will  all  be  confused,  and  will  not 
know  what  to  do.  They  say  of  themselves,  that  every  one  of  them 
is  like  a  king  and  captain,  and  fights  for  himself.  They  say  that 
the  English  people  are  fools;  they  hold  their  guns  half  man  high, 
and  then  let  them  snap;  we  take  sight  and  have  them  at  a  shot  and 
so  do  the  French.  They  say  the  French  load  with  a  bullet,  and  six 
swan  shot.  We  take  care  to  have  the  first  shot  at  our  enemies  and 
then  they  are  half  dead  before  they  begin  to  tight." 

The  efforts  of  the  messenger  had  great  infiiience  with  the  sav- 
ages. In  the  midst  of  his  conference  with  them,  a  Cayuga  Chief 
delivered  a  string  in  the  name  of  the  Six  Nations,  who  had  always 
remained  true  to  the  English,  with  these  words:  "  Cousing,  hear 
what  I  have  to  say;  I  see  you  are  sorry,  and  the  tears  stand  in  your 
eyes.  I  would  open  your  eyes,  and  clear  your  eyes  from  tears,  so 
that  you  may  see,  and  hear  what  your  uncles,  the  Six  Nations  have  to 
say.  We  have  established  a  friendship  with  your  brethren,  the 
English.  We  see  that  j^ou  are  all  over  bloody,  on  your  body.  I 
clean  the  heart  from  dust,  and  your  eyes  from  tears,  and  your  bodies 
from  the  blood,  that  you  may  hear  and  see  your  brethren,  the  En- 
glish, and  appear  clean  befoi'e  them,  and  that  you  may  speak  from  the 
heart  with  them." 

It  is  not  strange  -that  the  grave  Cayuga  chief  should  say,  re- 
membering how  the  Ohio  Indians  had  imbrued  themselves  in  the 
affair  with  Braddock  and  had  murdered  and  massacred  along  the 
whole  frontier,  "you  are  all  over  bloody,  on  your  body,"  speaking  in 
that  Indian  figurative  way  which  was  their  custom.  It  was  hy  such 
means  as  these  we  have  here  detailed,  by  messages  taken  among 
them  by  this  plain  Moravian  Christian  in  his  plain  garb,  that  the  In- 
dians were  brought  to  realize  the  true  position  they  were  sustaining 
to  the  French,  and  the  ties  which  bound  them  were  loosened,  so  that 
when  the  English  came  in  force  their  work  w\as  in  a  measure  already 
done. 

Colonel  Boquet,  who  had  prevailed  upon  General  Forbes,  the 
commander  of  the  expedition,  and  who  had  been  left  sick  in    Phila- 


I 


IIISTOr.Y    OF    GREKXE    COUNTY.  161 

delpliia,  to  allow  him  to  cut  a  new  road  over  the  mountains  wholly 
iu  Peunsyh^ania,  had  made  so  slow  prof^^ress,  that  so  late  as  Septem- 
ber he  was  still  with  six  thousand  men  not  over  the  Alle^'hany 
Mountains.  At  Raystown,  now  Bedford,  the  General  came  np  with 
the  column,  and  was  there  joined  by  Washington  from  Fort  Cumber- 
land. Colonel  Boquet,  with  2,000  men  had  already  advanced  to 
Loyalhanna.  That  it  might  be  known  what  was  the  condition  of  the 
country  in  front,  and  the  temper  of  the  foe.  Major  Grant,  accompa- 
nied with  Major  Andrew  Lewis,  of  the  A^irginia  forces,  and  a  detach- 
ment of  eight  hundred  men,  was  sent  forward  on  the  11th  of  Sep- 
tember to  reconnoiter.  The  third  day  out  Grant  arrived  close  in 
upon  the  fort  without  meeting  any  foe.  Having  left  the  baggage 
two  miles  to  the  rear,  with  his  main  force  Grant  approached  under 
cover  of  darkness  within  a  quarter  of  a  mile,  overlooking  the  fort. 
Early  in  the  morning  Major  Lewis  was  sent  with  four  hundred  men 
to  lay  in  ambush  along  the  path  by  which  they  had  come,  and  the 
remaining  force  with  Grant  lay  along  the  hill  facing  the  fort.  Then 
sending  out  a  company  under  Captain  McDonald,  with  drums  beat- 
ing, in  the  hope  of  drawing  on  the  enemy,  he  waited  the  result, 
hoping  that  the  garrison  was  weak.  But  in  this  he  was  mistaken; 
for  they  followed  the  decoy  in  great  numbers,  and  boldly  attacked. 
The  regulars  stood  up  boldly  and  were  shot  down  from  the  coverts. 
The  Americans  took  to  the  woods  and  fought  Indian  style.  Major 
Lewis  joined  in  the  light.  Major  Grant  showed  the  most  intrepid 
braver}',  exposing  himself  to  the  enemy's  tire,  but  all  to  no  purpose. 
Many  were  drowned  in  attempting  to  cross  the  river.  Seeing  that 
he  was  outnumbered  and  hemmed  in  by  the  enemy  standing  on  com^ 
manding  ground,  Grant  retired  to  the  baggage,  where  Captain  Bullet 
had  held  his  company,  and  as  the  enemy  came  on  with  assurance,  his 
little  force  made  a  determined  stand,  doing  good  execution.  Here 
Grant  endeavored  to  rally  his  broken  columns;  but  the  terror  of  the 
scalping  knife  had  seized  them,  and  one  l)y  one  they  slipped  away. 
Bullet  finding  his  force  dwindling  linally  gave  the  order  to  retire; 
but  the  resolute  stand  he  had  made  enabled  the  main  body  to  retire 
without  molestation,  and  tlie  hail  of  bullets  he  had  poured  into  the 
faces  of  the  foe  left  them  no  stomach  to  pursue.  The  loss  in  this 
engagement  was  two  hundred  and  seventy-two  killed,  forty- two 
wounded,  and  many,  including  Grant,  taken  prisoners.  The  loss  in 
killed  was  out  of  all  proportion  to  the  wounded,  and  the  number  en- 
gaged. The  ambuscade  could  not  have  been  well  planned,  or  was 
badly  executed.  Grant  was  sent  with  his  force  to  reconnoitre  and  ascer- 
tain the  strength  and  disposition  of  the  enemy.  Instead  he  marched 
his  forces  full  upon  the  fort  and  offered  the  challenge  of  battle.  The 
enemy,  by  keeping  quiet  in  their  fort  and  simulating  fear,  gave  the 
impression   that  they   were   weak,  so   that  when  they  threw  off  the 


162  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

disguise,  and  rushed  out  in  overwhelming  numbers,  they  went  to  an 
easy  victory. 

Gathering  confidence  by  their  great  shiughter  and  great  rout 
of  the  English  here,  determined  them  to  follow  up  their  advantage, 
hoping  to  find  the  main  body  thrown  into  confusion  and  ready  to 
retreat  as  the  Braddock  army  had  done  under  the  timid  Dunbar. 
Accordingly  they  came  on  rejoicing  in  their  strength,  twelve  hun- 
dred French  and  two  hundred  Indians,  led  by  De  Yetri,  and  boldly 
attacked  the  camp  of  J3oquet  at  Loyalhanna  on  the  12th  of  October. 
From  eleven  in  the  morning  till  three  in  the  afternoon  the  battle  was 
maintained  with  great  fury,  when  the  French,  finding  that  th,e  Eng- 
lish were  not  likely  to  run,  withdrew,  but  at  night  renewed  the 
attack,  hoping,  between  the  terrors  of  the  night  and  the  wild  whoop 
of  the  Indian  brandishing  his  scalping  knife,  to  start  a  stampede. 
But  Boquet  was  prepared,  and,  "  when,  in  return  for  their  melodious 
music,"  says  the  chronicler,  "  we  gave  them  some  shells  from  our 
mortars,  it  soon  made  them  retreat."  The  loss  in  this  engagement 
was  twelve  killed,  seventeen  wounded,  and  thirty-one  prisoners.  It 
will  be  observed  that  in  this  last  engagement  the  French  were  com- 
pelled to  do  most  of  the  fighting  themselves,  showing  that  the  sava- 
ges were  beginning  to  tire  of  their  adhesion  to  the  French. 

General  Forbes  now  pushed  forward  with  the  main  body  of  the 
army  from  Bedford  to  Loyalhanna,  where  he  arrived  about  the  first 
of  November.  Here  the  wintry  weather  set  in  uni^sually  early,  and 
the  summits  were  already  white  with  snow.  A  council  of  war  was 
held,  and  it  was  decided  that  it  was  impracticable  to  prosecute  the 
camj)aign  further  before  the  opening  of  the  spring.  But  it  having 
been  learned  from  captives  that  the  garrison  at  UuQuesne  was  weak, 
the  Indians  having  mostly  gone  off  on  their  autumn  hunt  ])reparatory 
for  the. winter,  the  decision  of  the  council  was  reversed,  and  Forbes 
gave  orders  to  push  on  with  all  possible  despatch.  Colonel  Wash- 
ington was  sent  forward  with  a  detachment  to  open  the  road,  in 
prosecuting  which  he  had  a  slight  skirmish  with  the  enemy,  and  a 
small  force  sent  out  to  his  assistance  under  Colonel  Mercer  having 
been  mistaken  for  the  foe,  M'as  fired  upon  and  several  fell.  Hav- 
ing pushed  forward  Colonel  Armstrong  with  a  thousand  men  to  aid 
Washington  in  opening  the  road.  General  Forbes  followed  with  the 
main  body,  four  thousand  three  hundred  effective  men,  leaving  a  well- 
appointed  force  at  Bedford  and  Loj^alhanna.  When  arrived  within 
twelve  miles  of  tlie  fort  a  rumor  was  current  that  the  French,  either 
by  accident  or  design,  had  blown  up  the  fort,  and  all  had  been  burned. 
This  was  soon  confirmed  by  the  arrival  of  Indian  scouts,  who  had 
been  near  enough  to  see  the  ruins.  A  company  of  cavalry  was  dis- 
patched with  instructions  to  extinguish  the  flames  and  save  all  the 
property  possible.     The  whole  army  now  pushed  forward  with  joyous 


iiLsTOHY  OF  gkp:enk  couxtv.  163 

step,  and  arrived  on  tlie  29tli;  but  only  the  blackened  chimneys  of 
the  quarters  and  the  walls  of  the  fort  remained.  It  \vas  found  that 
a  strong  work  had  been  built  at  the  point  between  the  two  rivers, 
and  a  much  larger  one  apparently  unlinished  some  distance  up  the 
bank  of  the  Allegheny.  There  were  two  magazines,  one  of  vvhieh 
had  been  blown  up,  and  in  the  other  were  found  sixteen  barrels  of 
ammunition,  gun-barrels,  a  quantity  of  carriage  iron,  and  a  wagon 
load  of  scalping  knives.  The  cannon  had  all  disappeared,  probably 
had  been  taken  down  the  Ohio.  The  garrison,  which  consisted  of 
some  live  hundred  French,  had  separated,  a  part  having  gone  down 
the  Ohio,  a  hundred  had  gone  to  Presque  Isle  by  an  Indian  path,  and 
tlie  remainder,  with  the  Governor  de  Lignery,  moved  up  the  Alle- 
gheny to  Fort  Venango,  where  he  informed  the  natives  that  he  would 
winter  and  go  down  in  the  spring  and  rout  the  English. 

A  somewhat  more  spirited  account  of  this  important  event  is 
given  by  Mr.  Ormsby,  a  commissary  in  the  army,  as  quoted  in  "the 
Western  Annals:  "  At  Turtle  Creek  a  council  of  war  was  held,  the 
result  of  which  was,  that  it  was  impracticable  to  proceed,  all  the  pro- 
visions and  forage  being  exhausted.  On  the  General's  being  told  of 
this,  he  swore  a  furious  oath,  that  he  would  sleep  in  the  fort  or  in  a 
worse  place  the  next  night.  It  was  a  matter  of  indiiference  to  the 
General  where  he  died,  as  he  was  carried  the  whole  distance  from 
Philadelphia  and  back  on  a  litter.  About  midnight  a  tremendous 
explosion  was  heard  from  the  westward,  on  whicb  Forbes  swore  that 
the  French  magazine  was  blown  up,  which  revived  our  spirits.  This 
conjecture  of  the  '  head  of  iron'  was  soon  conlirmed  by  a  deserter 
from  Fort  du  Quesne,  who  said  that  the  Indians,  who  had  watched 
the  English  army,  reported  that  they  were  as  numerous  as  the  trees 
in  the  woods.  This  so  terrified  the  French  that  they  set  fire  to  their 
magazine  and  barracks,  and  pushed  ofi",  some  up  and  some  down  the 
Ohio." 

Forbes  now  saw  himself  in  possession  of  the  fort  and  the  com- 
manding ground,  which,  for  four  years,  the  English  had  been  strug- 
gling for.  Well  knowing  that  he  could  not  subsist  his  army  and 
beasts  here,  he  rapidly  threw  up  an  earthwork  on  the  Monongahela 
bank,  and,  leaving  Colonel  Mercer  in  command  with  two  hundred 
men,  he  retired  with  the  army  to  Loyalhanna,  where  he  built  a  block- 
house, which  he  stocked  with  stores  and  manned  with  a  garrison,  and 
then  moved  back  across  the  mountains.  He  died  in  the  following 
March.  The  Gazette  said  of  him:  "His  services  in  America  are 
well  known.  By  a  steady  pursuit  of  well  concerted  measures,  in 
defiance  of  disease  and  numberless  obstructions,  he  brought  to  a 
happy  issue  a  most  extraordinary  campaign,  and  made  a  willing 
sacrifice  of  his  own  life  to  what  he  valued  more — the  interests  of  his 
King  and  country." 


164  HISTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

The  campaigns  of  the  English  in  1758  had  proved  very  success- 
fuL  Louisbnrg,  Frontenac  and  du  Quesne  were  in  tlieir  hands. 
Pitt  was  now  become  the  master  of  the  Parliament  and  nation. 
Elated  by  his  successes  in  America,  lie  formed  the  bold  plan  of  not 
only  liolding  the  Ohio  valley,  but  of  conquering  and  possessing  the 
whole  of  Canada.  The  Indians,  too,  had  been  shaken  in  their 
al.egiance  to  the  French,  a  great  council-fire  having  been  kindled  at 
Eastoii  in  the  summer  of  1758,  at  which  tlie  Delawares,  Shawneese, 
Nanticokes,  Mohegans,  Conoys,  Monseys  and  Twigtwees  sat,  and 
pledged  lasting  friendship  for  the  English.  The  terms  of  this  treaty 
were  carried  by  the  Moravian,  Post,  to  the  tribes  upon  the  Ohio,  who 
still  remained  hostile,  which  he  often  refers  to  in  his  journal,  and 
contributed  largely  to  weaken  their  faith  in  the  French  cause. 

The  Secretary,  Pitt,  had  kept  his  word  witli  the  colonists,  and  had 
fully  reimbursed  them  for  all  their  expenses,  in  the  sum  of  over  a 
million  dollars.  They  were  therefore  ready  to  second  him  in  his 
grand  schemes  of  ending  French  dominion  in  America.  Ills  })lan 
was  a  bold  one.  General  Amherst  succeeded  Abercrombic  in  chief 
command.  Twenty  thousand  provincials  and  a  strong  detachment 
of  land  and  naval  forces  of  regulars  stood  ready  to  execute  his  orders. 
General  Wolfe  was  sent  up  the  St.  Lawrence  against  Quebec.  Amherst 
himself  was  to  move  upon  Lake  Champlain  and  seize  Montreal,  and 
General  Prideaux  was  to  capture  Fort  Niagara.  Amherst  took  the 
field,  and  with  eleven  thousand  men  moved  upon  Fort  Ticonderoga, 
which  the  French  abandoned  without  a  struggle.  Amherst  pursued 
to  Crown  Point,  which  the  French  likewise  abandoned  and  fled  to 
Isle  Aux  Noix  in  the  Sorel  River.  Deterred  from  pursuing  further 
by  the  heavy  storms  that  now,  October  11,  began  to  prevail,  he  re- 
tired to  Crown  Point,  where  he  built  a  fortress  and  placed  his  army 
in  winter  quarters. 

General  Prideaux,  with  Sir  William  Johnson  second  in  com- 
mand, moved  by  transport  from  Oswego  by  Lake  Ontario  to  Niagara, 
and  laid  seige  to  the  fort.  Prideaux  was  almost  immediately  killed 
by  the  bursting  of  a  gun,  and  the  command  devolved  upon  Johnson. 
For  three  weeks  the  closely  beleagured  garrison  of  French  held  out, 
when  on  the  24:th  of  July  a  force  of  three  thousand  French  came  to 
their  relief.  But  Johnson  so  met  them  that  they  were  put  to  rout 
after  a  desperate  and  sanguinary  engagement,  and  on  the  following 
day  the  garrison,  some  seven  hundred  men,  surrendered.  After 
having  strongly  garrisoned  this  fort,  the  last  remaining  link  between 
Canada  and  the  Ohio  country,  Johnson  returned  home. 

General  Wolfe  with  eight  thousand  troops,  and  a  fleet  under 
Admirals  Holmes  and  Saunders,  moved  up  the  St.  Lawrence,  and 
landed  on  Orleans  Island,  a  little  below -Quebec,  on  the  27th  of 
June,     Montcalm  with  a  strong  body  of  French  regulars  held  the 


& 


J^yM     JUd^U^ 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  167 

town,  which  in  the  upper  part,  comprising  a  local  plateau  some  tliree 
hundred  feet  above  the  water,  knosvn  as  the  Plains  of  Abraham,  was 
t'ortilied.  By  throwing  hot  shot  from  Point  Levi,  opposite  the  town, 
the  English  nearly  destroyed  the  lower  town,  but  could  not  reach 
the  upper  portion.  An  attempt  to  force  the  passage  of  the  Mont- 
morenci  failed  Avith  a  loss  of  live  hundred  men.  For  eight  weeks  all 
attempts  to  take  the  city  proved  fruitless.  Meantime  Wolfe  had 
heard  of  the  partial  failure  of  Amherst,  and  the  prospect  seemed 
gloomy  enough.  Finally,  by  the  advice  of  General  Townsend,  his 
faithful  lieutenant,  he  determined  to  scale  the  rugged  blutf  which 
hems  in  the  river,  by  secret  paths.  Accordingly,  on  the  evening  of 
the  12th  of  September,  ascending  the  river  with  muffled  oars  to  the 
mouth  of  a  ravine,  and  following  trusty  guides,  AVolfe  brought  his 
whole  army  with  artillery  by  sunrise  upon  the  Plains  of  Abraham, much 
to  the  surprise  and  discomiiture  of  the  French, whose  attention  had  been 
diverted  by  a  noisy  demonstration  where  a  previous  attempt  had  been 
made.  JMontcalm  immediately  drew  up  his  entire  force  to  meet  the 
offered  wager  of  battle.  Long  and  lierccly  the  battle  raged,  but 
everywhere  the  French  were  worsted.  Both  Generals  were  mortally 
wounded.  When  at  length  Wolfe  heard  the  f;:lad  accents  of  victorv, 
he  asked  to  have  his  head  raised,  and  when  he  beheld  the  French 
fleeing  on  all  sides  he  exclaimed  with  his  failing  breath,  "  I  die 
content." 

The  campaign  of  1759,  like  the  preceding,  ended  gloriously  for 
the  combined  English  and  American  arms,  yet  the  French  were  not 
entirely  dispossessed  of  power  in  Canada.  Early  in  the  spring  of  1760, 
Vaudreuil,  Governor  General,  sent  Levi,  successor  to  Montcalm,  with 
six  frigates  and  a  strong  force  to  retake  Quebec.  He  was  met  three 
miles  from  the  city  by  General  Murray,  and  a  very  sanguinary  battle 
was  fought  on  April  28th,  in  whicli  the  English  were  defeated, 
Murray  losing  a  thousand  men  and  all  his  artillery.  Levi  now  laid 
siege  to  the  city,  and  just  when  its  condition  was  becoming  perilous 
from  the  lack  of  supplies,  a  British  squadron  with  reinforcements  and 
supplies  appeared  in  the  St.  Lawrence.  AVhereupon  Levi  hastily 
raised  the  siege,  and  losing  most  of  his  shipping,  fled  to  Montreal. 
Vaudreuil  now  had  but  one  stronghold  left,  that  of  Montreal,  and 
here  he  gathered  in  all  his  forces  and  prepared  to  defend  his  "  last 
ditch."  Early  in  September,  three  English  armies  met  before  the 
city.  First  came  Amherst  on  the  6th  with  ten  thousand,  accompanied 
by  Johnson  with  a  thousand  of  the  Six  Nations,  and  on  the  same 
day  came  Murray  with  four  thousand  from  Quebec,  and  on  the  fol- 
lowing day  Col.  Haviland  with  three  thousand  from  Crown  Point. 
Seeing  that  it  would  be  useless  to  hold  out  against  such  a  force, 
Vaudreuil  capitulated,  surrendering  Montreal  and  the  entire  dominion 
of  Canada  into  the  hands  of  the  English.     This  ended  the  war  upon 


168  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

the  land.  But  upon  the  ocean,  and  among  the  West  India  Islands,  it 
was  prosecuted  until  1763,  when  a  treaty  of  peace  was  signed  at 
Paris,  February  10th,  whereby  France  snrrendered  all  her  possessions 
in  x^nierica  east  of  the  Mississippi  and  north  of  the  latitude  of  the 
Iberville  Iliver,  and  Spain  at  the  same  time  ceded  to  the  English 
East  and  AVest  Florida. 

Thus  was  the  Indian  war,  virtually  commenced  by  planting  the 
leaden  plates  by  the  French  along  the  Allegheny  and  Ohio  Rivers, 
and  commonly  designated  in  history  as  the  /6Vr6'/i  Years^  War, 
brought  to  a  successful  close,  by  the  vast  plans  of  empire  formed  by 
the  comprehensive  mindof  Fitt,  though  at  a  cost  to  the  British  nation 
of  five  hundred  and  sixty  millions  of  dollars. 

And  now  was  forever  settled  the  question  whether  the  population 
about  to  spread  over  the  beautiful  valleys  l)ordering  upon  the  Alle- 
gheny and  Monongahela  Hi  vers — La  Belle  liiviere, — should  be  an 
English  or  a  French  speaking  people,  should  be  Catholic  or 
Protestant. 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  169 


CHAPTER  XL 

Mind  of  Indian  Poisoned — The  Red  and  White  Man  Live  Together 
— PoNTiAc — His  Conspiracy — Game  of  Baggatiwa — Gladwin 
AT  Detroit — Indian  Girl  Discloses  the  Plot — Pontiac  Foiled 
— Concealed  Muskets — Aitacks  the  Fort — Gladwin  Secures 
Supplies- PoNTiAc's  Orders  FOR  Sim'plies  Made  on  Birch  Bark — 
Dalzell  Sent  for  Succor — Boldly  Offers  Battle — Repulsed, 
Death — Settlers  Driven  From  Their  Homes — Pitiable  Con- 
dition— Presque  Isle — Le  Boeuf  and  Venango  Fall — Fort 
Pitt  Attacked — Commander  Summoned  to  Surrender — Bo- 
QUET  Sent  for  Relief — Battle  of  Bushy  Run — AVon  uy 
Strategy — Raise  the  Siege — Boquet  Enters — £100  Offered 
FOR  Pontiac — Colonel  Bradstreet — Deceived  by  the  Indians 
— Boquet  Firm — Demands  Prisoners  and  IIosta(jes — Is  Stern 
— Makes  Terms — Captives  Brought  In — Not  Recognized — 
Many  Prefer  to  Stay  With  the  Indians — Lovers  Brave  All 
FOR  Their  Loves — Song  of  the  German  Mother — Pontiac 
Yields — Miserable  Death. 

THE  treaty  of  Paris  put  a  period  to  the  sanguinary  campaigns 
of  the  Seven  Years'  War,  so  far  as  treaty  stipulations  could.  But 
the  Indians,  who  had  confederated  with  the  French,  could  not  be 
reached  nor  bound  by  stipulations  made  three  thousand  miles  away 
across  the  ocean,  in  which  they  had  no  voice.  Though  some  of  the 
tribes  assembled  and  smoked  the  pipe  of  peace  with  the  English,  yet 
they  had  grown  suspicious.  The  French  had  poisoned  their  minds 
against  the  English,  telling  them  that  the  desire  to  obtain  the  line 
lands  was  the  motive  which  incited  this  deadly  warfare,  and  that  if 
the  French  were  linally  beaten,  then  the  English  w^ould  turn  upon  the 
natives,  and  drive  them  from  all  their  pleasant  hunting  grounds. 
Though  the  French  in  America  had  accepted  the  conditions  of  the 
treaty,  and  were  as  a  nation  willing  to  be  bound  by  it,  yet  there 
were  individuals  in  whose  breasts  the  recollection  of  sore  defeats  still 
rankled,  and  who  saw  in  the  hostility  of  the  red  men  a  means  of 
wreaking  their  vengeance. 

The  thoughtful  Indians  saw,  or  fancied  they  saw,  that  daily  com- 
ing to  pass  which  the  French  had  told  them.  They  asked  them- 
selves, not  without  reason,  w^hy  the  English  were  so  intent  to  drive 


170  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

the  French  troni  the  Ohio  valley,  spending  freely  hundreds  of  mil- 
lions of  money,  and  sacrilicing  countless  lives,  if  they  did  not  expect 
to  occupy  these  luxuriant  valleys  themselves;  and  when  they  saw  the 
surveyor  with  his  Jacob's  staff  and  chain  advancing  as  the  armies 
retired,  blazing  his  way  through  the  forests,  and  setting  up  his  mon- 
uments to  mark  the  limits  of  the  tracts,  he  was  strongly  contirmed 
in  his  suspicions.  The  English  contemplated  doing,  so  far  as  re- 
claiming tlie  forests  and  settling  the  country,  what  was  eventually 
done;  but  they  indulged  the  hope  that  the  red  man  and  the  pale-face 
could  dwell  together  in  peace  and  unity,  as  the  white  man  and  tlie 
African  have  done  since.  But  that  dream  had  a  baseless  faljric. 
Hunting,  fishing  and  war  were  the  occupations  of  the  one,  while 
the  arts  of  peace  on  farm,  in  workshop  and  mill,  were  the  delight 
of  the  other. 

The  mutterings  of  discontent  were  heard  among  the  Indians  dur- 
ing the  seasons  of  1760-1-2,  and  secret  enterprises  of  dangerous 
consequence  had  been  detected  and  broken  up.  Major  Eogers,  who 
with  a  small  detachment  had  been  sent  to  receive  the  surrender  of 
the  French  posts  along  the  great  lakes  of  the  Northwest,  and  raise 
tlie  English  colors,  had  met  on  his  way  the  chief  of  the  Ottawas, 
Pontiac,  who  dwelt  on  the  Michigan  Peninsula,  who  demanded  from 
Rogers  why  he  was  entering  upon  the  land  of  the  Ottawas  with  a 
lutstile  band  without  his  permission.  Explanations  ensued,  the  pipe 
of  peace  was  smoked,  and  Ilogers  was  allowed  to  proceed  on  his 
mission. 

But  ill  concealed  disaffection  existed  among  all  the  tribes  as  they 
saw  the  emblem  of  the  power  of  Britain  floating  from  posts  along  all 
the  lakes  and  the  great  river  courses.  Even  the  Six  IS^ations,  who 
had  always  remained  the  fast  friends  of  the  English,  especially  tlie 
Senacas,  showed  signs  of  hostility.  These,  with  the  Delawares  and 
Shawnees,  for  two  years  had  been  holding  secret  communications 
with  the  tribes  of  the  i^reat  Northwest,  laborino;  to  induce  them  to 
joni  m  a  war  of  extermination  upon  the  English.  ''  So  spoke  the 
Senacas,"  says  Bancroft,  "  to  the  Delawares,  and  they  to  the 
Shawnees,  and  the  Shawnees  to  the  Miamis,  and  Wyandots,  whose 
chiefs,  slain  in  battle  by  the  English,  were  still  unavenged,  until  every- 
where, from  the  Falls  of  Niagara  and  the  piny  declivities  of  the 
Alleghanies  to  the  whitewood  forests  of  the  Mississippi,  and  the 
.borders  of  Lake  Superior,  all  the  nations  concerted  to  rise  and  put 
the  English  to  death." 

It  was  not  easy  to  arouse  tlie  tribes  to  united  action,  many  feel- 
ing themselves  bound  to  the  English  by  treaties,  and  some  by  real 
friendship.  It  was  necessary  to  work  upon  their  superstition.  A 
chief  of  the  Abenakis  declared  that  the  great  Manitou  had  shown 
himself  to  him  in  a  dream   saying:     ''I  am  the  Lord  of  Life;  it  is  I 


ITISTOnY    OF    GP.EEXr,    COUXTY.  171 

who  made  all  men;  I  wake  for  their  safety.  Tuerefore  1  give  you 
M'arnin<y,  that  if  you  sulfer  the  Englishmen  to  dwell  among  you, 
their  diseases  and  their  poisons  sliall  destroy  you  utterly,  and  you 
shall  all  die." 

The  leader  in  all  these  discontents  was  Pontiac.  He  was  now 
about  lifty  years  old.  He  had  been  taken  a  prisoner  from  the 
Catawbas,  and  had  been  adopted  into  the  tribe  of  the  Ottawas,  in- 
stead of  having  been  tortured  and  burned,  and  had  by  his  cunning 
and  skill  risen  to  be  chief,  and  was  now-asserting  his  authority  over 
all  the  tribes  of  the  north.  Pontiac  had  been  a  leading  warrior,  a 
sort  of  lieutenant  general  in  the  battle  of  the  JVlonongahela,  in 
which  General  Praddock  had  ])een  worsted  and  mortally  wounded. 
Seeing  what  slaughter  his  people  had  then  wrought  he  doubtless 
thought  that  it  would  be  easy,  if  all  the  Indians  could  be  united,  to 
utterly  exterminate  the  English,  and  reclaim  their  country.  Accord- 
ingly he  sent  out  his  runners  to  all  the  tribes  in  the  northwest,  with 
the  black  wampum,  the  signal  for  war,  and  the  red  tomahawk,  direct- 
ing to  prepare  for  war,  and  on  a  day  agreed  upon  they  were  to  rise, 
overpower  the  garrisons,  and  then  lay  waste  and  utterly  exterminate 
the  English  settlers.  That  he  might  rouse  the  entire  people  he  sum- 
moned the  chiefs  to  a  council,  which  was  held  at  the  river  Ecorces  on 
the  27tli  of  April,  1763.  Pontiac  met  them  with  thew^ar-belt  in  his  hand 
and  spoke  in  his  native  and  lirey  eloquence.  He  pointed  to  the  Brit- 
ish tlags  floating  everywhere,  to  the  chieftains  slain  unavenged.  He 
said  the  blow  must  now  be  struck  or  their  hunting  grounds  would 
be  forever  lost.  The  chiefs  received  his  words  with  accents  of  ap- 
proval, and  separated  to  arouse  their  people  and  engage  in  the  great 
conspiracy.  The  plan  was  skillfully  laid.  They  were  to  fall  upon 
the  frontiers  along  all  the  settlements  during  harvest  time,  and 
destroy  the  corn  and  cattle,  when  they  could  fall  upon  all  the  out- 
posts which  should  hold  out  and  reduce  them,  pinched  with  hunger. 
The  blow  fell  at  the  concerted  signal  and  blood  and  devastation 
nuirked  the  course  of  the  conspirators.  So  sudden  and  unexpected 
was  the  attack  that  of  eleven  forts  only  three  of  them  were  success- 
fully defended,  Venango,  Le  Boeuf,  Presque  Isle,  La  Bay,  St.  Joseph's, 
Miamis,  Ouachtunon,  Sandusky  and  Michilimackinac,  falling  into 
their  hands,  the  garrisons  being  mercilessly  slaughtered;  Detroit, 
Niagara  and  Fort  Pitt  alone  holding  out. 

Among  the  first  to  feel  the  blow  was  Michilimackinac.  Major 
Etherington,  who  was  in  command,  felt  no  alarm  at  the  assembling 
of  an  unusual. number  of  the  tribes  under  their  chief  Menehwehna; 
though  he  had  been  warned  of  their  hostility.  But  so  confident  was 
the  Major  of  their  pacific  intentions  that  he  threatened  to  send  any 
one  who  should  express  a  doubt  of  their  friendly  ])urposes  a  prisoner 
to  Detroit.      On  the  4th  of  June,  the  Indians  to  the  numl)or  of  about 


172  HISTORY    OF    GREEjVE    COUNTY. 

four  hundred  began,  as  if  in  sport,  to  play  a  game  of  ball,  called 
baggatiwaj.  Two  stakes  are  driven  into  the  earth  something  like  a 
miJe  apart,  and  the  ball  is  placed  on  the  ground  midway  between 
them.  Dividing  their  party  into  two  sides  each  strives  to  drive  the 
ball  by  means  of  bats  to  the  stake  of  the  other.  This  game  they 
commenced,  and  the  strife  became  herce  and  noisy.  Presently  the 
ball  was  sent,  as  if  by  accident,  over  the  stockade  into  the  fort  when 
the  whole  company  rushed  pell  mell  into  the  fort.  This  maneuvre 
was  repeated  several  times  without  exciting  any  suspicion.  Finally, 
having  discovered  all  of  the  interior  desired,  tliey  again  sent  the  ball 
within,  and  when  all  had  gained  admission,  suddenly  turned  upon 
the  garrison,  ninety  in  number,  and  murdered  all  but  tAventy,  whom 
they  led  away  to  be  made  the  subjects  of  torture  or  servitude. 

For  several  reasons  the  fort  at  what  is  now  Detroit  was  amouff 
the  most  important  of  all  the  fortified  posts.  Its  location  on  the 
river  which  connects  the  upper  with  the  lower  lakes  gives  it  the 
command  of  these  great  waterways,  and  along  its  margin  ran  the 
chief  Indian  war-path  into  the  great  Northwest.  Attracted  by  the 
fertility  of  the  soil,  and  the  mildness  of  the  climate,  the  French 
farmers  had  early  settled  here.  "  The  lovely  and  cheerful  region 
attracted  settlers,  alike  white  men  and  savages;  and  the  French  had 
so  occupied  the  two  banks  of  the  river  that  their  numbers  were  rated 
so  high  as  twenty-live  hundred  souls.  *  *  -5^  The  French  dwelt 
upon  farms,  which  were  about  three  or  four  acres  wide  upon  the 
river,  and  eighty  acres  deep;  indolent  in  the  midst  of  plenty,  graziers 
as  well  as  tillers  of  the  soil,  and  enriched  by  Indian  traffic." 

All  this  happiness  and  prosperity  Pontiac  regarded  with  an  evil 
eye.  To  his  mind  all  this  country  of  right  belonged  to  tiie  red  man. 
By  the  cutting  down  of  the  forest,  and  multiplying  the  sounds  of 
civilization,  the  game,  which  was  their  chief  resource  for  living,  was 
frightened  away.  The  favored  spots  by  the  living  springs  and  the 
fountains  of  sweet  waters  were  grasped  by  the  M'hite  man  to  make 
his  continual  abiding  place,  and  would  consequently  be  forever  lost 
to  the  red  man.  If,  by  deep  laid  strategy,  and  unblushing  deception, 
they  could  once  seize  upon  all  the  strongholds  and  put  the  defenders 
to  the  slaughter  they  could  then  pursue  their  trade  of  blood  upon  the 
defenceless  frontiers  until  the  whole  land  would  be  cleared  of  the  pale- 
face and  his  race  exterminated. 

The  fort  was  situated  upon  the  banks  of  the  river  within  the 
limits  of  the  present  city  of  Detroit.  It  consisted  of  a  stockade 
twenty  feet  high,  some  two  hundred  yards  in  circumference  and  in- 
closing seventy  or  more  houses.  The  garrison,  under  command  of 
Colonel  Gladwin,  was  composed  of  the  remains  of  the  eightieth 
regiment  of  the  line,  reduced  now  to  about  one  liundred  and  twenty 
men  and  eight  officers.      Two    six-pounder  and    one    three-pounder 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  173 

guns  and  three  useless  mortars  constituted  the  armament  of  the  fort, 
and  two  gunboats  lay  in  the  stream.  Against  tliis,  Pontiac,  with  a 
smile  on  his  face,  but  treachery  in  his  black  heart,  came  in  person 
with  fifty  of  his  warriors  on  the  first  of  May.  He  announced  his 
purpose  to  come  in  a  more  formal  manner  in  a  few  days  for  the  purpose 
of  Ijrightening  the  chain  of  friendship, — M-hich  usnally  meant  that 
the  chiefs  were  ready  to  receive  high  piled  up  presents, — and  to 
renew  pledges  of  lasting  peace.  As  tliis  was  a  ceremony  of  frequent 
occurrence  Gladwin  had  no  suspicion  of  treachery.  Tribes  of  the 
Pottawatamies  and  Wyandots  dwelt  a  few  miles  below  the  fort,  and 
a  short  distance  above  on  the  eastern  side,  the  Ottawas,  Pontiac's 
own  tribe.  The  day  was  drawing  near  when  the  universal  uprisincr, 
whicli  had  been  agreed  upon  in  council,  should  take  place.  Pontiac 
had  laid  his  scheme  skillfully,  and  as  he  thought  there  could  be  no 
possibility  of  failure.  He  had  already  been  admitted  to  the  fort, 
and  had  spied  out  its  strength  and  appointments  and  had  bespoken 
admittance  with  his  warriors.  He  had  agreed  with  his  confederates 
that  when  he  should  rise  to  speak  he  would  hold  in  his  hands  a  belt 
of  wampum,  white  on  one  side  and  green  on  the  other,  and  when  he 
should  turn  the  green  side  uppermost  that  should  be  the  signal 
for  the  massacre  of  the  garrison.  J'ut  in  savage  as  in  civilized 
diplomacy, 

The  best  laid  schemes  of  mice  and  men 
Gang  oft  a-gley. 

A  dusky  maiden  of  the  forest  had  formed  an  abiding  friendship 
for  Colonel  Gladwin.  She  had  often  visited  the  fort,  and  had,  with 
native  art,  executed  pieces  of  her  handy  work  for  the  use  of  the 
Colonel.  She  had  received  from  his  hands  a  curious  elk  skin, 
from  wliich  she  had  wrought  with  her  usual  skill  a  pair  of  moccasins, 
and  on  the  night  previous  to  the  contemplated  massacre  she  had 
visited  the  fort  to  bring  the  work,  and  return  the  unused  portion  of 
the  skin.  So  pleased  was  Gladwin  with  her  skill  that  he  asked  her 
to  take  the  skin  and  make  him  another  pair,  and  if  any  were 
then  left  she  might  appropriate  it  to  her  own  use.  Having  paid  her 
for  her  work  she  was  supposed  to  have  gone  to  her  wigwam.  But 
when  the  watchmen  whose  duty  it  was  to  clear  the  fort  and  shut  the 
gates  went  at  the  evening  signal  gun,  they  found  this  maiden  lingering 
in  the  inclosure  and  unwilling  t<^  depart.  On  being  informed  of 
this,  Gladwin  ordered  her  to  be  led  to  his  presence,  and  in  answer  to 
the  inquiry  why  she  did  not  go  away  as  had  been  her  custom,  she 
made  the  lame  excuse  that  she  did  not  like  to  take  away  the  skin 
which  the  Colonel  seemed  to  set  so  high  a  value  on  lest  some  injury 
or  destruction  might  come  to  it.  When  asked  why  she  had  not 
made  that  objection  before,  seeing  that  she  must  iu)w  disclose  her 
trouble,  she  ingenuously  declared,  "  If  I  take  it  away,  1  shall  never 


174  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

be  able  to  return  it  to  yon."  Inferring  that  something  unnsual  M-as 
foretold  in  this  answer,  she  was  nrged  to  exphiin  her  meaning. 
AYliereupon  she  revealed  the  whole  secret, — tliat  Pontiac,  and  his 
chiefs  were  to  come  to  tlie  fort  on  the  morrow,  and  while  the 
dusky  warrior  was  delivering  liis  pretended  speech  of  peace  lie 
was  to  present  a  white  and  green  belt  which  on  being  turned  in  a 
peculiar  way  was  to  be  the  signal  for  the  murder  of  the  commandant 
and  all  the  garrison.  That  the  hostile  intent  might  be  entirely 
hidden  beneath  the  garb  of  peace,  the  ingenious  savages  had  cut  off 
a  piece  from  the  barrels  of  their  guns  so  that  they  could  carry 
them  concealed  beneath  their  blankets.  Having  given  the  particulars 
of  the  conspiracy  she  departed. 

Being  thus  put  in  possession  of  the  horrible  purpose  Gladwin 
communicated  tlie  intelligence  to  liis  men,  and  sent  word  to  all  the 
traders  to  be  on  their  guard.  At  night  a  cry  as  of  defiance  was 
heard  and  the  garrison  anticipated  an  immediate  attack.  The  gar- 
rison lires  were  extinguished,  and  the  men  silently  sought  their 
places  in  readiness  to  meet  the  onset.  But  none  came,  and  it  was 
supposed  the  chiefs  were  acting  their  parts  by  their  camp  lires, 
which  they  were  to  play  on  the  morrow. 

At  the  appointed  hour,  Pontiac  came  accompanied  by  thirty- 
six  chiefs  and  a  cloud  of  dusky  warriors  bearing  his  speech*  belt 
and  the  pipe  of  peace.  Gladwin  was  jn-epared  to  receive  him,  his 
men  all  under  arms,  guns  cleaned  and  freshly  loaded,  and  officers 
with  their  swords.  On  entering  the  fort  Pontiac  started  back  ntter- 
ing  a  cry  of  anguish,  convinced  that  he  had  been  betrayed,  by  the 
evidences  of  ])reparation  about  him  ;  but  there  was  no  way  of 
retreat  now.  When  the  number  agreed  upon  had  been  admitted 
the  gates  were  closed.  When  arrived,  at  the  council  chamber, 
Pontiac  complained  that  the  garrison  was  all  under  arms,  a  thing 
unusual  in  an  embassage  of  peace.  Gladwin  explained  that  the 
garrison  were  that  morning  holding  a  regimental  drill.  But  Pontiac 
knew  better  than  that.  He  commenced  his  speech  with  that  air  of 
dissimnlation  which  he  had  the  ability  to  command,  and  expressed 
the  desire  for  peace  and  friendship  with  the  English  which  he  hoped 
would  be  as  lastino-  as  the  coniino"  and  croini'-  of  the  nii);'ht  and  morn- 
ing.  But  when  he  advanced  to  ])resent  the  belt  the  officers  grasped 
their  swords,  and  drew  them  partially  from  their  scabhar  .s.  Seeing 
that  his  treachery  was  known,  but  not  in  the  least  disconcerted,  he 
did  not  give  the  signal,  he  had  agreed  upon,  and  closed  his  speech  in 
the  most  friendly  and  pacific  tone. 

When  Colonel  Gladwin  came  to  reply  he  boldly  charged  the 
chieftain  with  his  black  hearted  perfidy. "  But  the  latter  protested 
his  innocence,  and  expressed  a  sense  of  injnry  that  he  should  he 
suspected  of  so  base  a  crime;  but  when  Gladwin  advanced  to  the 


\k 


s. 


HISTORY  OF  greenp:  county.  177 

nearest  chieftain  and  pulling  aside  liis  blanket,  disclosed  the  shortened 
gun  with  M'liieh  each  of  them  was  secretly  armed  his  discomliture 
was  comjjlete.  He  was  suffered  to  depart,  but  unwisely,  has  l)een 
the  unanimous  judgment  of  historians.  Indeed,  so  little  reliance 
has  come  to  be  placed  on  the  Avords  of  an  Indian,  that  it  has 
l)een  declared  that  '-the  only  good  Indian  is  a  dead  Indian." 
IIoj»ing  still  to  disarm  the  suspicions  of  the  commandant,  and  gain 
admission  to  the  fort  through  treacliery,  I*ontiac  came  again  on  the 
following  morning  accompanied  with  only  three  of  his  chiefs  and 
smoked  the  pipe  of  peace  in  the  most  innocent  garb,  and  declared 
that  his  whole  Ottawa  nation  desired  to  come  on  the  following 
morning  to  smoke.  But  Gladwin  declared  that  this  was  unneces- 
sary, as  he  was  willing  to  accept  the  word  of  the  chiefs,  and  if  they 
were  so  anxious  to  be  at  peace  their  own  conduct  would  l)e  the  best 
pledge  of  their  pacific  intentions. 

Seeing  that  his  treacherous  purposes  were  understood,  and  that 
he  could  not  gain  admission  to  the  fort  by  any  professions  of 
friendship,  he  threw  off  tlie  cloak  of  deceit  under  which  he  had  in- 
tended to  slaughter  the  garrison  and  possess  the  post,  and  attacked 
the  fort  with  all  his  warriors.  The  few  English  who  were  outside 
were  murdered,  all  communication  was  cut  off,  deatii  was  threatened 
any  who  should  attempt  to  carry  supplies  to  the  garrison,  and  the 
keenest  strategy  was  employed  to  tempt  the  troops  to  open  combat. 
Carts  loaded  with  combustibles  were  pushed  up  to  the  palisades  in 
the  attempt  to  burn  them;  but  all  to  no  purpose.  Gladwin  was 
wary,  and  met  every  artifice  of  the  wiley  foe  with  a  counter-check. 
In  one  part  the  savages  attempted  to  gain  entrance  by  chopping 
down  the  picket  posts.  In  this  Gladwin  ordered  his  men  to  assist 
them  by  cutting  on  the  inside.  When  these  fell  a  rush  was  made 
by  the  Indians  to  enter;  but  a  brass  four-pounder,  which  had  been 
charged  with  grape  and  canister  and  so  planted  as  to  command  the 
breach,  was  discharged  at  the  opportune  moment,  which  effected 
great  slanghter.  Pontiac  now  settled  down  to  a  close  seige.  Un- 
fortunately Gladwin  had  only  supplies  for  three  weeks.  The  savage 
chieftain,  believing  that  he  had  learned  something  of  civilized  war- 
fare, on  the  lOtli  of  May,  summoned  the  garrison  to  surrender. 
Gladwin  asked  for  a  parley,  intimating  through  the  offices  of  a 
French  emissary,  that  he  was  willing  to  redress  any  grievances  of  the 
Indians,  not  suspecting  that  the  attack  on  him  was  a  part  of  a  deep 
laid  conspiracy  reaching  all  the  posts  of  the  frontier.  Pontiac  con- 
sented and  Major  Campbell  and  Lieutenant  McDougal  were  sent. 
Hostilities  were  suspended  and  Gladwin  improved  the  opportunity 
to  lay  in  ample  supplies  for  the  siege,  when  he  ended  the  conference. 
lUit  Major  Campbell  was  retained  as  a  prisoner  and  was  subsequently 
murdered.     The  siege  was  now  closely   maintained,  a  species  of  lios- 


178  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

tility  which  the  Indians  had  never  before  exhibited  an  aptitude  to 
practice,  but  which  the  genius  of  their  leader  had  acquired  in  his 
fellowship  with  the  French.  He  organized  a  system  of  obtaming 
su])plies  after  the  best  European  methods,  scorning  the  make-shifts 
of  the  freebooter;  but  giving  his  receipt  for  every  thing  taken,  and 
issuing  his  promissory  notes,  written  on  the  bark  of  the  papyrus 
bircli,  and  executed  with  the  outline  of  an  otter,  which  passed  cur- 
rent among  the  French  farmers,  all  of  which  he  faithfully  redeemed. 
Lieutenant  Cuyler,  with  a  force  of  ninety-six  men  and  supplies 
for  Gladwin,  was  dispatched  from  the  foi-t  at  Niagara;  but  landing 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Detroit  liiver,  he  w\as  attacked  in  his  camp  at 
midnight  of  the  28th  of  May,  and  utterly  defeated,  losing  three  of 
his  boats,  two  only  escaping  with  Cuyler,  who   returned  to  Niagara. 

On  the  29th  of  July,  Captain  Dalzell,  taking  advantage  of  the 
darkness  of  the  night,  had  reached  the  fort  with  a  reinforcement  of 
some  two  hundred  men.  Dalzell  was  full  of  fight,  and  with  but  one 
day's  rest  insisted  on  marching  out  to  offer  battle.  Gladwin  knew 
the  numbers  and  temper  of  the  Indians  and  their  treacherous  methods 
better  than  the  Captain,  and  counseled  strongly  against  the  advent- 
ure; but  the  latter  was  confident  and  the  -commandant  yielded  a 
reluctant  assent.  At  the  head  of  two  hundred  and  forty-seven 
chosen  men,  Dalzell  bravely  led  out  of  the  fort  at  a  little  past  raid- 
night  of  the  30th  of  July,  accompanied  by  two  barges  in  the  river. 
Unfortunately  the  French  had  notified  Pontiac  of  the  intended  attack. 
The  course  of  Dalzell  was  along  the  river  bank  by  Canadian  cottages 
and  gardens.  A  mile  and  a  half  above  the  fort  was  a  small  creek, 
since  appropriately  known  as  Bloody  Ilun.  Over  this  was  a  luirrow 
bridge  and  on  the  heights  beyond  Mere  the  entrenchments  of  the 
foe,  strao-giing  fences  and  calnns,  behind  Avhich  they  were  in 
waiting  for  the  approach  of  Dalzell.  Scarcely  had  the  advance 
crossed  this  bridge  than  the  savages  poured  into  their  faces  a 
volley  from  their  safe  hiding  places.  A  charge  was  ordered  before 
which  the  Indians  vanished  in  the  darkness,  but  soon  reappeared  in 
the  rear  with  the  desigfi  of  cutting  off  escape;  and  now  the  red  men 
had  taken  shelter  behind  houses  and  attacked  in  Hank.  This  threw 
the  line  into  confusion  and  in  disorder,  a  retreat  along  the  river  com- 
menced. Major  Rogers  with  a  squadron  of  provincials  took  position 
in  a  house,  which  covered  the  retreat,  and  succeeded  to  check  the 
onrushing  savages.  Captain  Grant  with  another  party  gained  an 
advantageous  position  for  covering  the  retreat,  when  the  forces  were 
finally  brought  within  the  shelter  of. the  fort,  but  with  the  loss  of 
fifty-nine  men,  including  the  bold  leader  Dalzell. 

In  the  meantime  one  of  the  schooners  had  been  dispatched  to 
Niagara  for  supplies.  On  its  return  the  savages,  who  had  learned 
tluit  it  was  manned  by  only  ten  men,  planned  to  attack  and  capture 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  179 

it.  In  canoes  they  approached  in  the  darkness  in  great  numbers  and 
in  face  of  a  rapid  musketry  iire  were  boarding  the  vessel,  when  the 
commander  gave  the  order  to  lire  the  magazine  and  blow  up  the  ship, 
which  the  Indians  hearing,  leaped  overboard  and  swam  to  shoi-e  to 
escape  the  explosion,  when  the  vessel  moved  up  under  cover  of  the 
fort  unmolested. 

The  peace  of  Paris  had  been  concluded  in  April,  yet  the  intelli- 
gence was  tardy  in  reaching  the  frontiers,  and  when  finally  it  was 
known,  tlie  hatred  of  the  English  and  the  hope  of  yet  driving  them 
away  through  Indian  warfare  was  still  kept  alive.  But  the  stuI)born 
defence  of  Detroit  finally  convinced  the  more  considerate  of  the 
French,  that  it  was  their  best  policy  to  submit  to  the  Englisli  author- 
ity. Accordingly  Neyon  informed  Pontiac  that  no  further  assistance 
could  be  expected  from  the  King  of  France,  a  tale  of  whose  comijig 
with  a  great  army  to  annihilate  the  English  having  been  persistently 
dinned  into  his  ears,  that  peace  had  been  concluded,  that  France  had 
surrendered  everything  in  America,  and  that  the  English  were  now  the 
only  rightful  rulers.  The  sullen  Pontiac  received  the  tidings  with 
disgust,  broke  the  siege  in  no  spirit  of  submission,  and  declared  that 
he  would  return  again  in  the  spring  and  renew  his  warfare. 

From  the  first  the  will  of  Pontiac  ruled  all  the  frontier,  thoug-h 
absent  in  person.  The  war  belt  which  he  sent  was  a  sufficient  com- 
mission for  stealthy  murders  and  midnight  scalpings  and  ])urnings 
along  all  the  borders.  On  the  receipt  of  news  of  the  conclusion  of 
peace,  the  settlers  who  had  been  driven  from  their  cabins  during  the 
continuance  of  hostilities,  supposing  that  the  pacification  would  be 
iiade  complete,  hastened  back  to  their  settlements  in  the  hope  of 
getting  their  plantings  and  sewings  made  in  season  for  crops  that 
should  be  their  support  for  the  coming  winter.  But  the  decree  of 
Pontiac  disaj)pointed  all  their  liopes,  and  made  this  summer  of  1763 
the  most  bloody  of  all  the  seven.  "About  the  first  of  June,''  it  is 
recorded  in  tlie  History  of  Western  Pennsylvania,  "  the  scalping 
parties  perpetrated  several  murders  in  the  vicinity  of  Fort  Pitt^ 
Upon  receipt  of  this  intelligence  Governor  Hamilton,  with  the  assist- 
ance of  the  provincial  commissioners,  immediately  reinforced  the 
garrison  at  Augusta,  and  sent  out  small  parties  to  protect  the 
frontiers.  As  the  first  attack  was  not  immediately  followed  up  by 
the  Indians,  the  government  was  willing  tD  believe  it  to  have  been  the 
effect  of  some  private  resentments,  rather  than  a  general  combina- 
tion for  war.  But  such  hopes  were  dissipated  by  inroads  upon  the 
settled  parts  of  the  province  and  the  flight  of  the  inhabitants  to  the 
interior.  The  whole  country  west  of  Shippensl)urg  became  the  prey 
of  the  fierce  barbarians.  They  set  fire  to  houses,  barns,  corn,  hay, 
and  everything  that  was  combustible.  The  wretched  inhabitants 
whom  they  surprised  at  night,  at  their  meals,  or  in  the  labors  of  the 


180  IIISTOIIY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

fields,  were  massacred  with  the  utmost  cruelty  and  barbarity;  and 
those  who  lied  were  scarce  more  happy.  Overwhelmed  by  sorrow, 
without  shelter  or  means  of  transportation,  their  tardy  flight  was  im- 
peded by  fainting  women  and  weeping  children.  The  inhabitants  of 
Shippensburg  and  Carlisle,  now  become  the  barrier  towns,  opened 
their  hearts  and  their  houses  to  their  afflicted  brethren.  In  the 
towns,  every  stable  and  hovel  was  crowded  with  miserable  refugees 
who,  having  lost  their  liouses,  their  cattle  and  their  harvest,  were 
reduced  from  independence  and  happiness  to  beggary  and  despair. 
(On  the  25th  of  July,  1763,  there  were  in  Shippensburg  1,384  of 
poor,  distressed,  back  inhabitants,  viz:  men,  301;  women,  345; 
children,  738;  many  of  whom  were  obliged  to  lie  in  barns,  stables, 
cellars,  and  under  old  leaky  sheds,  the  dwelling  houses  being  all 
crowded.)  The  streets  were  fllled  with  people;  the  men,  distracted 
by  grief  for  their  losses  and  the  desire  for  revenge,  more  poignantly 
excited  by  the  disconsolate  females  and  bereaved  children  who  wailed 
around  them.  In  the  woods,  for  some  miles,  on  both  sides  of  the 
Susquehanna  River,  many  families  with  their  cattle  sought  shelter, 
being  unable  to  And  it  in  towns." 

While  the  scattered  settlers  fled  for  safety  before  the  roving 
bands,  the  garrisons  of  the  isolated  forts  far  out  beyond  the  farthest 
vercre  of  the  settlements  were  shut  off  from  communication  with  their 
comrades  whence  succor  could  come,  and  were  made  the  objects 
against  which  the  best  resources  of  the  savages  were  directed.  It 
was  a  new  kind  of  warfare  to  them;  but  they  had  seen  enough  of 
siege  work  in  the  operations  of  the  English  against  the  French,  to 
understand  its  nature,  and  to  undertake  it  with  all  the  relish  inspired 
by  a  new  thing.  They  had  no  artillery,  but  they  could  shoot  fiery 
darts,  mine  with  the  zeal  of  a  beaver,  preserve  constant  vigils,  and 
destroy  by  combustibles  wliatever  was  destructible  that  they  could 
reach. 

Presque  Isle,  next  to  Niagara  and  Detroit,  was  the  most  im- 
portant post  along  the  line  of  defenses,  as  it  guarded  the  communica- 
tion east  and  west,  and  being  on  water  communication  could  be  easily 
reached  with  supplies  and  reinforcements.  On  the  22d  of  June  it 
was  attacked.  It  had  a  garrison  of  twenty-four  men  and  was  easily 
defensible  for  any  period.  Bui  the  commander.  Ensign  Christy, 
after  defending  himself  two  days,  in  the  most  shameless  manner 
capitulated,  giving  up  all  his  men,  who  were  no  sooner  in  the  hands 
of  the  savages  than  they  were  treacherously  given  over  to  the  scalp- 
ing knife,  he  himself  being  carried  away  a  prisoner  to  Detroit  reserved 
for  future  torments.  The  fort  at  Le  Boeuf  (Waterford),  but  a  few 
miles  away,  on  the  head  waters  of  the  Yenango  River  (French  Creek), 
one  of  the  tributaries  of  the  Allegheny,  had  been  attacked  four  days 
before.     The  fort  was  of  combustible  material,  and  at  midnight  the 


HISTORY    OF    GKEENE    COU:VTY.  181 

savages  succeeded  in  tiring  it,  when  the  garrison,  seeing  that  tl-ie 
flames  could  not  be  stayed,  secretly  withdrew  under  cover  of  the 
darkness  into  the  woods  and  made  good  their  escape,  the  Indians 
believing  them  burned.  On  their  way  down  the  river  they  saw  at 
Venango  the  ruins  of  the  fort,  the  garrison  there  having  all  been 
massacred,  not  one  escaping  to  tell  the  tale. 

Fort  Pitt  (Pittsburg),  which  had  been  laid  out  and  its  construe 
tion  pushed  with  so  much  energy,  had  never  been  tinished,  and 
the  floods  of  spring  which  had  eaten  in  upon  the  banks  with  great 
violence  had  opened  it  on  three  sides.  Captain  Ecuyer,  who  was 
in  commmand,  had  with  him  a  garrison  of  three  hundred  and  thirty 
men.  With  energy  and  skill  he  had  reared  a  rampart  on  the  unpro- 
tected sides,  had  palisaded  the  interior  work,  and  had  constructed  an 
engine  for  extinguishing  fire  should  the  foe  succeed  in  firing  the 
work. 

On  the  22d  of  June,  the  very  day  on  which  the  attack  had  been 
made  at  Presque  Isle,  the  dusky  warriors  made  their  appearance  before 
Fort  Pitt,  and  commenced  the  attack,  investing  it  on  all  sides,  killing 
one  and  wounding  another.  With  pi'ying  eye  they  skulked  around 
at  night  peering  in  on  every  side  to  discover  if  possible  its  weak 
part.  Concluding,  probably,  that  the  work  would  be  a  diflicult  one 
to  overcome,  and  judging  that  strategy  would  be  surer  of  success 
than  force,  after  midnight  they  asked  for  a  parley.  Turtle  Heart, 
chief  of  the  Delawares  spoke:  "  Brothers,"  he  said,  "all  your  posts 
and  strong  places,  from  this  backwards  are  burnt  and  cut  off.  This 
is  the  only  one  you  have  left  in  our  country.  We  have  prevailed 
with  six  diiferent  nations  of  Indians,  that  are  ready  to  attack  you,  to 
forbear  till  we  came  and  warned  you  to  go  home.  They  have  fur- 
ther agreed  to  permit  you  and  your  people  to  pass  safe  to  the  inhabi- 
tants. Therefore,  brother,  we  desire  that  you  may  setoff  to-morrow, 
as  great  numbers  of  Indians  are  coming  here,  and  after  two  days  we 
shall  not  be  able  to  do  anything  with  them  for  you."  Their  purpose 
in  this  exhortation  was  doubtless  to  get  the  garrison  in  their  power 
and  then  massacre  them  as  they  had  done  at  Presque  Isle,  which  liad 
induced  General  Amherst  to  observe,  "  I  am  surprised  that  any  officer 
in  his  senses  would  enter  into  terms  with  such  barbarians." 

To  this  apparently  innocent  and  I'easonable  appeal,  Ecuyer  sternly 
refused  to  listen,  but  reminded  them  that  three  English  armies  were 
on  their  way  to  chastise  them,  and  that  it  was  they  who  should  be 
seeking  safety.  The  fort  was  now  closely  invested  and  no  intelli- 
gence could  be  sent  through,  either  to  or  from  the  fort. '  Though 
suftering  for  lack  of  many  things  necessary  for  the  comfort  and  suc- 
cessful defence  of  the  fort,  the  gallant  captain  vigilantly  held  and 
guarded  it,  though  wounded  by  an  Indian  arrow,  the  foe  using  most 
skillfully  all  their  savage  implements  of  warfare.     Again   and  again 


182  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

was  tlie  demand  for  tlie  surrender  of  the  foi-t  made.  Sliinj>"iss  and 
Big  Wolf  speaking  for  the  Delawares  and  Shawnees  said,  "  You  know 
this  is  our  country.  You  yourselves  are  the  people  that  have  dis- 
turbed the  chain  of  friendship.  All  the  nations  over  the  lakes  are 
soun  to  be  on  their  way  to  the  forks  of  the  Ohio.  Here  is  the  wam- 
pum. If  j'ou  return  quietly  home,  to  your  wise  men,  this  is  the 
furthest  they  will  go.  If  not,  see  what  will  be  the  consequence;  so 
we  desire  you  to  remove  oif."  In  his  answer  Ecuyer  said,  "  You 
sutl'ered  the  French  to  settle  in  the  heart  of  your  country ;  why  would 
you  turn  us  out  of  it  now?  I  will  not  abandon  this  post;  I  have 
warriors,  provisions,  and  ammunition  in  plenty  to  defend  it  three 
years  against  all  the  Indians  in  the  woods.  Go  home  to  your  towns, 
and  take  care  of  your  women  and  children." 

The  siege  was  now  pushed  with  redoubled  vigor,  digging  holes 
by  night  and  running  their  trenches  close  up  to  the  walls  of  the  fort, 
and  keeping  up  a  galling  fire  of  musketry  and  fiery  arrows  from 
their  safe  hiding  places  upon  the  defenders.  This  close  investment 
was  continued  till  the  close  of  July;  l)ut  on  the  1st  of  August  all  had 
dit-apj)eared,  a  danger  which  Ecuyer  had  threatened  now  impending. 
General  Amherst,  who  was  still  in  command  of  the  English  army  in 
America,  when  informed  of  the  general  Indian  war  which  had  broken 
out  under  the  inspiration  of  the  savage  Pontiac,  was  without  suf- 
ficient troops  with  which  to  meet  the  threatened  danger,  a  large  part 
of  the  British  regulars  having  been  sent  to  the  West  Indies.  His 
energies  were  bent  with  what  scattered  forces  he  could  gather  up,  to 
the  relief  of  Detroit,  Niagara  and  Fort  Pitt.  Fortunately  Niagara 
was  not  attacked.  For  the  relief  of  Fort  Pitt  Colonel  Boquet  was 
dispatched  with  the  fragments  of  the  Forty-seventh  and  Seventy- 
seventh  regiments  of  Highlanders,  comprising  only  214  and  133  men 
respectively,  and  these  greatly  weakened  by  their  severe  service  in 
the  siege  of  Ilavanna.  At  Carlisle,  he  was  to  l)e  furnished  with  sup- 
plies; but  upon  his  arrival  there,  no  supplies  were  collected,  and 
eighteen  days  were  consumed  in  gathering  them.  Plenty  of  grain 
stood  ripe  ready  for  the  sickle,  but  the  reapers  were  gone,  and  the 
mills  were  deserted.  With  scarcely  five  hundred  men  Boquet  moved 
boldly  forward  on  that  bloody  path  which  had  been  so  often  travei'sed 
before  with  such  disastrous  results,  driving  two  hundred  sheep,  and 
half  the  number  of  kine,  bearing  ammunition,  flour,  and  provisions 
carried  upon  pack-horses  and  in  wagons  drawn  by  oxen.  Beyond 
the  Alleghanies  was  Fort  Ligonier,  held  by  a  small  garrison  under 
command  of  Lieutenant  Blane.  It  was  of  the  utmost  iniportance 
that  this  should  be  held,  as  the  stores  of  ammunition  deposited  there 
if  allowed  to  fall  into  the  hands  of  the  Indians  would  afford  them  the 
means  of  prolonging  the  war.  Besides,  it  furnished  a  rallying  point 
for  the  force   in  advancing,  and   falling  back   if  misfortune    should 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUXTY.  183 

overtake  them.  Accordingly,  Boquet  dispatched  thirty  picked  men 
under  a  discreet  officer  to  proceed  by  forced  marches  to  gain  the  fort. 
Tliis  tiiey  successfully  accom]ilished,  carrying  succor  to  the  closely 
beleaguered  post.  A  party  of  skilled  woodsmen  had  previously  been 
sent  out  from  Fort  Bedford,  a  point  midway  between  Carlisle  and 
P'ort  Pitt,  one  hundred  miles  from  either  point. 

Boquet  could  get  no  information  on  the  way,  as  roving  bands  of 
India^is  picked  off  any  one  who  ventured  to  pass  from  one  point  to 
the  other,  though  the  savages  were  kept  constantly  informed  of  everj' 
movement  of  the  troops.  Arrived  with  his  main  body  at  Ligonier, 
the  Colonel  determined  to  leave  his  wagons,  and  proceed  only  en- 
cumbered Mnth  pack-horses.  By  the  road  that  he  was  to  follow,  was 
a  dangerous  delile  of  several  miles  in  extent  overhung  by  high  craggy 
hills.  This  he  was  familiar  with,  and  intended  to  pass  it  by  a  night 
march,  hoping  thus  to  surprise  the  foe  and  escape  an  attack  by  them 
on  this  dilhcult  ground.  At  Bushy  Run,  a  tributary  of  Inrush  Bun 
and  that  of  Turtle  Creek,  and  twenty-one  miles  from  Pittsburg,  he 
had  intended  to  halt  for  rest;  but  when  arrived  within  a  half  mile  of 
this  point,  on  August  5th,  he  was  suddenly  attacked  by  an  unseen 
foe,  who  came  upon  him  unawares.  A  charge  upon  the  attacking 
party  sent  them  lieoing;  but  when  pushed  in  one  direction  they  ap- 
peared in  another,  and  soon  they  attacked  along  the  whole  flank. 
A  stead}'  charge  of  the  regulars  sent  them  back,  but  only  to  ap- 
pear again  in  another  part,  until  they  had  the  little  force  of  Boquet 
completely  surrounded  by  a  continuous  line,  and  were  becoming 
every  moment  more  daring  and  eager  for  the  fight.  They,  no  doubt, 
believed  that  they  now  had  the  whole  force  completely  in  their  poAver, 
and  Avould  soon  have  the  fighting  men  picked  off  from  their  hiding 
jilaces.  It  must  be  acknowledged  that  the  prospect  seemed  gloomy 
enough.  Should  this  army  be  now  sacrificed,  the  whole  frontier 
would  be  thrown  open  to  the  attacks  of  the  stealthy  savages,  and  the 
tomahawk  and  the  scalpiug-knife  would  bear  undisputed  sway,  even 
to  the  very  doors  of  Philadelphia. 

But  Boquet  understood  the  methods  of  savage  warfare  better  than 
Braddock,  and  Halket,  and  Dunbar,  and  was  unmoved  by  the  fierce 
whoop  of  the  Bed  Man  or  his  gleaming  scalping  knife.  lie  could 
not  advance  in  any  directibn  and  leave  his  pack-horses  and  his  stores, 
as  they  would  immediately  fall  into  the  hands  of  the  foe.  He,  ac- 
cordingly, formed  his  forces  in  a  circle  facing  outwards,  and  drew  up 
his  trains  in  the  center.  Noticing  that  the  Indians  were  becoming 
more  and  more  eager  for  the  fray,  and  every  moment  more  venture- 
some, Boquet  determined  to  give  them  a  taste  of  their  OMn  tactics. 
At  dawn  of  the  second  day  of  the  action  the  enemy  were  early  awake, 
and  opened  the  battle  with  the  most  horrid  and  unearthlj'  screech- 
inffs.     Having:  the  advantaije  of  elevated   ground,   and   bein<i;  some- 


184  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

what  concealed  by  the  folia^-e  of  the  trees  and  bushes,  lioquet  conkl 
maneuver  his  forces  witliout  disclosing  his  movements.  Seeing  that 
the  savages  were  eager  to  rush  forward  whenever  they  saw  the  least 
disposition  of  the  troops  to  yield,  he  determined  to  i'eign  a  retreat. 
He  accordingly  ordered  the  two  companies  occupying  the  advance  to 
retire  within  the  circle,  and  the  lines  again  to  close  up,  as  if  the 
whole  force  was  commencincr  the  retreat.  But  before  conimencino; 
this  movement  he  had  posted  a  force  of  light  infantry  in  ambuscade, 
who,  if  the  Indians  should  follow  the  retreating  troops,  would  have 
them  at  their  mercy.  The  stratagem  succeeded  precisely  as  had 
been  anticipated.  The  Indians,  seeing  tlie  troops  retreating,  and 
the  feeble  lines  closing  in  behind  them,  as  if  covering  the  retirement, 
rushed  forward  in  wildest  confusion  and  in  great  numbers.  But 
when  the  grenadiers  who  had  been  posted  on  either  side,  saw"  their 
opportunity  they  advanced  from  their  concealment,  and  charged  with 
the  greatest  steadiness,  shooting  down  the  savages  in  great  numbers, 
who  returned  the  fire,  but  soon  broke  in  confusion  and  disorderly 
flight.  But  now  the  companies  of  light  infantry  which  had  been 
posted  on  the  opposite  side,  rose  up  from  their  ambush  and  received 
the  Hying  mass  with  fresh  volleys.  Seized  with  terror  at  this  un- 
expected disaster,  and  having  lost  many  of  their  best  fighting  men 
and  war  chiefs,  they  became  disheartened,  and  seeing  the  regulai's 
giving  close  pursuit,  they  broke  and  fled  in  all  directions.  All 
efforts  of  their  surviving  chiefs  to  rally  and  form  them  were  unavail- 
ing. They  could  no  longer  be  controlled;  but  breaking  up  they  fled 
singly  and  in  parties  to  their  homes,  many  of  them  not  pausing  till 
they  had  reached  the  country  of  the  Muskingum. 

Boquet,  though  entirely  successful  in  thisj  the  battle  of  Bushy 
Run,  had  lost  nearly  a  fourth  of  his  whole  army,  fifty  killed,  sixty 
wounded  and  five  missing,  and  nearly  all  his  pack-horses,  and  there- 
fore took  every  precaution  to  avoid  a  surprise  and  further  loss.  lie 
destroyed  all  his  stores  which  he  could  not  carry  with  him.  that 
they  might  not  fall  into  the  enemy's  hands,  and  moved  forward  in 
close  order;  but  without  further  molestation,  and  in  four  days  reached 
Fort  Pitt,  the  enemy  having  been  so  thoroughly  broken  that  they 
did  not  again  show  themselves  before  the  fort.  The  savages  lost 
in  this  engagement  sixty  killed   and  man/  wounded  in  the  pursuit. 

As  the  tidings  of  the  fall  of  post  after  post,  along  the  whole 
frontier,  came  day  after  day  to  General  Amherst,  who  had  his  head- 
c|uarters  at  New  York,  and  of  the  savage  attacks  upon  Detroit  and 
Fort  Pitt,  his  anger  knew  no  bounds.  He  recognized  in  Pontiac 
the  chief  of  the  conspiracy  and  the  investigator  of  all  their  savage 
designs.  Before  receiving  news  of  the  success  of  Boquet,  he  wrote 
to  Gladwin,  by  the  hand  of  Gardiner: — "The  Senecas,  and  all  these 
hostile  tribes  must  be  deemed  our  enemies,   and   used  as  such;  not 


.y-" 


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HISTORY    OF    GKEENP:    COUxNTY.  187 

as  a  gotiei'ous  enemy,  but  as  tlie  vilest  race  of  beings  that  ever  in- 
fested the  earth,  and  whose  riddance  from  it  must  be  esteemed  a 
meritorious  act,  for  the  good  of  uumkiud.  You  will,  therefore,  take 
no  prisoners,  but  pat  to  death  all  that  fall  into  your  hands  of  the 
nations  who  have  so  unjustly  and  cruelly  committed  depredations.  I 
have  thought  proper  to  promise  a  reward  of  one  hundred  pounds  to 
the  man  who  shall  kill  Pontiac,  the  chief  of  the  Ottawas — a  cowardly 
villain." 

Though  the  campaign  of  17G3  had  been  disastrous  to  English 
arms  in  America,  yet  its  termination  in  the  triumph  of  Bushy  lluu 
and  relief  of  Fort  Pitt,  and  the  complete  foil  given  to  all  the  plans  of 
Pontiac,  which  he  personally  conducted,  gave  the  Indians  a  gloomy 
outlook  for  the  future.  Nevertheless,  Pontiac  returned  in  the  spring 
of  1764  to  the  siege  of  Detroit.  General  Gage,  who  had  succeeded 
Amherst  in  comnumd  in  America,  determined  to  push  the  campaign 
with  a  strong  hand.  Two  expeditions  were  planned,  one  to  advance 
under  Colonel  Pradstreet  by  Niagara,  Presque  Isle  and  Sandusky,  and 
a  second  under  Colonel  Poquet  by  way  of  Fort  Pitt  and  the  country 
of  the  Muskingum.  Sir  William  Johnson  had  always  possessed 
great  influence  with  the  Indians,  especially  with  the  Six  Nations, 
occupying  the  greater  part  of  New  York,  and  during  the  winter  of 
1768-64  had  sent  out  messengers  to  all  the  tribes  advising  peace. 
Hence  when  ]3radstreet  reached  Presque  Isle,  he  was  met  by  the  chiefs, 
Shawnees  and  Delawares,  and  at  Sandusky  by  the  Ottawas,  Wyan- 
dotts,  and  Miamis,  who,  under  the  garb  of  peace  and  friendship,  de- 
sired to  make  a  treaty  of  pacification.  Put,  notwithstanding  their 
promises,  murders  and  massacres  continued.  At  Detroit,  he  was  met 
by  the  Ottawas,  Ojibwas,  Pottawattamies,  Sacs,  and  Wyandotts,  who 
likewise  made  treaties  of  peace;  but  they  were  unable  either  to  control 
the  young  warriors,  or  they  never  meant  to  comply  with  the  terms  they 
had  agreed  to,  and  the  whole  campaign  proved  fruitless,  Bradstreet 
returning  to  Niagara,  and  Gage  issuing  orders  to  annul  all  his 
treaties. 

Not  so  with  Boquet,  who  knew  the  Indian  tactics  better.  With 
five  hundred  regulars  and  a  thousand  provincials  he  marched  from 
Carlisle  on  the  5th  of  August,  and  arrived  at  Fort  Pitt  about  the 
middle  of  September.  lie  had  received  a  message  from  Bradstreet 
on  the  M^ay  informing  him  that  he  had  concluded  treaties  of  peace 
with  all  the  western  tribes,  and  that  it  would  be  unnecessary  to  pro- 
ceed further.  But  Boquet  knew  that  the  Colonel  had  been  duped, 
and  pushed  forward  with  his  army.  At  Fort  Pitt  Boquet  learned 
that 'the  messenger  sent  by  him  to  Bradstreet  had  been  murdered 
and  his  head  set  up  upon  a  pole  in  the  road.  The  chiefs  of  Delawares, 
Senecas,  and  Shawmees  waited  upon  him  on  his  arrival  and  advised 
peace,  and  that  he  proceed  no  further,  alleging  that  their  young  men 


188  niSTOKY    OF    GllEENE    COUNTY. 

had  coinmitted  the  outrages  cliarged  without  authority.  Boquet 
boldly  charged  faithlessness,  and  that  they  should  punish  their  young 
men  if  they  disobeyed.  lie  boldly  marched  on  down  the  Ohio  into 
the  very  heart  of  the  Indian  country,  and  so  stern  were  his  words 
and  so  summary  his  threats,  and  the  taste  of  his  fighting  had  inspired 
such  dread,  that  the  tribes  sent  their  chiefs  to  sue  for  peace.  Boquet 
met  them  in  the  midst  of  his  army,  and  in  answer  to  their  entreaties 
for  peace  charged  them  with  constantly  breaking  their  promises. 
''  You  have,"  said  he,  "  promised  at  every  former  treaty,  as  you  do 
now,  to  deliver  up  all  your  prisoners,  and  have  received  at  every 
time  presents,  but  have  never  complied  with  the  engagements.  1 
am  now  to  tell  you,  therefore,  that  the  Englisli  will  no  longer  be  im- 
posed upon  by  your  promises.  This  army  shall  not  leave  your  country 
until  you  have  fully  complied  with  every  condition  that  is  to  precede 
a  treaty  with  you.  *  *  *  If  I  find  you  faithfully  execute  the  follow- 
ing preliminary  conditions,  I  will  not  treat  you  with  the  severity  you 
deserve.  I  give  you  twelve  days  to  deliver  into  my  hands  all  the 
prisoners  in  your  possession,  without  any  exception:  Englishmen, 
Frenchmen,  women  and  children,  whether  adopted  in  your  tribes, 
married  or  living  amongst  you  under  any  denomination  and  pretense, 
^wluitsoever,  together  with  all  the  negroes." 

The  stern  tone  of  the  brave  Colonel  had  the  desired  effect.  They 
saw  before  them  a  man  determined  to  enforce  his  commands  sur- 
rounded by  soldiers  ready  to  execute  vengeance.  They  became  sub- 
missive and  a  part  of  them  asked  for  peace,  but  the  Colonel  refused 
to  take  them  by  the  hand  until  their  promises  were  fulfilled,  and  the 
terms  of  peace  fully  agreed  upon.  The  chiefs  were  much  grieved  by 
this  lack  of  confidence,  and  used  their  utmost  endeavors  to  induce 
their  people  to  bring  forward  their  captives.  By  the  9tli  of  Nov- 
eml)er  all  the  captives  had  been  brought  in  and  delivered  u]),  to  the 
number  of  two  hundred  and  six, — Virginians,  thirty-two  males  and 
fifty-eight  females,  and  Pennsylvanians,  forty-nine  males  and  sixty- 
seven  females.  This  number  did  not  include  nearly  a  hundred  in 
the  hands  of  the  Shawnees,  who  were  to  gather  and  deliver  them  up 
in  the  following  spring. 

When  all  had  been  accomplished,  Keyashuta,  chief  of  the  Sen- 
ecas,  a  tribe  of  the  Delawares  spoke:  ''Brother,  the  misfortune 
which  has  happened  of  one  of  your  people  being  murdered,  gives  us 
the  same  sorrow  it  gives  you.  By  this  string  of  wampum  (giving 
one)  we  wipe  the  tears  from  your  eyes,  and  remove  from  your  heart 
the  resentment  which  this  murder  has  raised  against  us.  ->^  *  * 
We  have  strictly  complied  with  your  desire,  and  now  deliver  you 
these  three  prisoners,,  wdiich  are  the  last  of  your  flesh  and  blood  that 
remain  among  us.  *  *  *  Brother,  we  cover  the  bones  which 
have  been  buried,   in   such  a  manner,  that  they  never  more  be  re- 


HIJSTOIIY    OF    GKEENE    COUNTY.  1S9 

membered.  We  cover  them  again  with  leaves,  that  the  place  where 
they  are  buried,  may  never  more  be  seen.  As  we  liave  been  a  long 
time  astray,  and  the  path  between  us  and  you  stopped,  we  hope  the  path 
will  be  again  cleared,  and  we  now  extend  this  belt  of  wampum  be- 
tween you  and  us,  that  we  may  again  travel  in  peace  to  see  our 
brothers  as  our  ancestors  formerly  did.  ''•  *  *  As  we  have  now 
extended  a  belt  representing  the  road  between  you  and  ns,  we  beg 
that  you  will  take  fast  hold  of  it,  that  the  path  may  always  be  kept 
open  between  us.'' 

In  answer  to  these  earnest  sentiments  of  peace  Colonel  Boquet 
replied:  •'!  bury  the  bones  of  the  people  who  fell  in  the  war,  so 
tliat  the  place  be  no  more  seen  (presents  a  belt).  Your  readiness  in 
complying  Avith  every  condition  I  have  already  required  of  you,  con- 
vinces me  that  your  intentions  are  upright,  and  I  will  now  treat  you 
as  brethren  (presents  a  belt).  Brother  you  ask  peace.  The  King, 
my  master,  and  your  father,  has  appointed  me  to  make  war  upon 
you;  but  he  has  other  servants  who  are  employed  in  the  work  of 
peace,  and  his  majesty  has  been  pleased  to  empower  Sir  William 
Johnson  to  make  peace  with  the  Indians."  Before  departing,  how- 
ever, he  required  that  the  four  hostages  to  be  kept  at  Fort  Pitt  until 
peace  was  finally  settled,  should  be  delivered  to  him,  and  that  the 
deputies  to  be  sent  to  Sir  William  Johnson  should  be  fully  em- 
powered to  conclude  the  terms  of  peace,  and  that  they  should  agree 
to  abide  by  the  terms  thus  concluded.  These  conditions  having 
been  settled,  Boquet  shook  hands  with  them  in  token  of  his  satisfac- 
tion, which  greatly  rejoiced  the  hearts  of  the  savages. 

The  Shawnees  were  the  most  resolnte  in  their  emnity  and  Avere 
the  last  to  yield.  Boquet  was  ready  to  move  against  them;  but  on 
the  12th  of  November  they  met  the  Colonel  in  conference  and  said. 
Red  Hawk  speaking:  "One  year  and  a  half  ago  we  made  peace 
with  you  at  Fort  Pitt,  which  was  soon  after  broken;  but  that  was 
neither  your  fault  nor  ours;  but  the  whole  blame  is  to  be  laid  to  the 
Ottawas  (Pontiac's  tribe),  who  are  a  foolish  people,  and  are  the  cause 
of  this  war.  When  we  now  saw  you  coming  this  road,  you  advanced 
towards  us  with  a  tomahawk  in  your  hand,  but  w^e,  your  younger 
brothers,  take  it  out  of  your  hand  and  send  it  up  to  God  to  dispose  of 
it  as  he  pleases,  by  which  means  we  hope  never  to  see  it  any  more. 
And  now,  brethren,  we  beg  leave  that  you,  who  are  warriors,  will 
take  hold  of  this  chain  of  friendship  and  receive  it  from  us,  who  are 
always  warriors,  and  let  us  think  no  more  of  war,  but  to  take  pity  on 
our  old  men,  women  and  children." 

Boquet  received  the  captives  whom  they  brought,  but  sternly 
reminded  them  of  their  long  holding  back  and  tardiness  in 
bringing  in  the  prisoners.  He  demanded  the  rest  of  the  captives, 
and  that  six  of  their  chiefs   should   be  delivered  into  his  hands  as 


190  HISTORY    OF    GKEENE    COUNTY. 

liostages.  When  these  terms  had  been  agreed  to  he  said:  "  I  came 
here  determined  to  strike  you,  with  a  tomahawk  in  my  hand;  bnt 
since  you  have  submitted,  it  sliall  not  fall  upon  your  heads.  I  will 
let  it  drop,  and  it  shall  no  more  be  seen.  I  bury  the  bones  of  all  the 
people  who  have  fallen  in  this  war,  and  cover  the  place  with  leaves 
so  that  it  shall  no  more  be  perceived." 

The  long  captivity  of  many  of  those  who  were  brought  in  had 
effaced  from  their  recollection  all  memory  of  their  former  relatives 
and  friends,  and  they  preferred  to  remain  with  the  savages,  having 
come  now  to  know  no  other  waj'  of  life.  The  savages  religiously 
observed  their  promises,  bringing  in  all  their  captives  even  to  the 
children  who  had  been  born  to  the  Momen  during  their  cap- 
tivity. So  wedded  were  many  of  the  captives  to  the  Indians 
that  the  Shawnees  M-ere  obliged  to  bind  many  of  them  in  order 
to  bring  them  in.  Some,  after  being  delivered  up,  escaped  and 
returned  to  their  life  in  the  woods.  The  Indians  parted  with  their 
adopted  families  not  without  many  tears.  Many  affecting  scenes 
transpired  when  the  captives  were  brought,  and  those  who  had  lost 
friends  and  relatives  recognized  their  own  after  long  separation. 
The  children  who  had  been  carried  away  in  tender  years  and  had 
grown  up  in  savage  life,  knowing  no  other,  could  not  recognize  their 
own  parents  and  timidly  approacJied  them.  The  Shawnees  chief 
gave  those  who  had  recovered  children  or  friends  some  good  advice: 
'•  Father,  we  have  brought  your  flesh  and  blood  to  you;  they  have  all 
been  united  to  us  by  adoption,  and  although  we  now  deliver  them 
up  to  you,  we  will  always  look  upon  them  as  our  relations,  whenever 
the  Great  Spirit  is  pleased  that  we  may  visit  them.  We  have  taken 
as  much  care  of  them  as  if  they  were  our  own  flesh  and  blood.  They 
are  now  become  unacquainted  with  your  customs  and  manners,  and 
therefore  we  request  you  will  use  them  tenderly  and  kindly,  wliicli 
will  induce  tliem  to  live  contentedly  with  you." 

Many  of  the  Indians,  who  had  given  up  captives  whom  they 
loved,  followed  the  army  back,  that  they  might  be  with  them  as  long 
as  possible,  bringing  them  corn,  skins,  horses,  and  articles  which  the 
captives  had  regarded  as  their  own,  hunting  and  liringing  in  game 
for  them.  A  young  Mingo  had  loved  a  young  Virginia  woman  and 
made  her  his  wife.  In  defiance  of  the  dangers  to  life  which  he  sub- 
mitted hinjself  to  in  going  among  the  exasperated  settlers,  he  per- 
sisted in  following  her  back. 

"A  numl)er  of  the  restored  prisoners  were  brought  to  Carlisle, 
and  Colonel  iJoquet  advertised  for  those  who  had  lost  children  to 
come  to  this  place  and  look  for  them.  Ainong  those  that  came  was  a 
Gei-man  woman,  a  native  of  Eentlingen,  in  Wittemberg,  Germany, 
who  with  her  husband  had  emigrated  to  America  prior  to  the  French 
war,  and  settled  in  Lancaster  County,  Tulpehocken,  where  two  of  her 


IIISTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  191 

daughters,  Barbara  and  Regina,  were  abducted  by  tlie  Indians.  The 
motlier  was  now  unable  to  desii^nate  her  childi-en,  even  if  tliej  shouhl 
be  among  the  number  of  the  recaptured.  With  her  brother,  the  dis- 
tressed, aged  woman  hunented  to  Colonel  Boquet  her  hopeless  case, 
telling  him  how  she  used,  years  ago,  to  sing  to  her  little  daughters, 
hymns  of  which  they  were  fond.  The  Colonel  requested  her  to  sing 
one  of  the  hymns,  which  she  did  in  tliese  words: 

Allein,  nnd  docli  niclit  ganz  alleine 

Bin  ich  in  nieiuer  Einsamkeit; 
Daun  wann  ich  gleicb  verlassen  scheine, 

Vertreibt  niir  Jesus  selbst  die  zeit: 
Ich  bin  bei  ihm,  und  er  bei  mir, 

80  kommt  mir  gar  niciits  einsam  fiir, 

Alone,  yet  not  alone  am  I, 

Though  in  this  solitude  so  drear; 
I  feel  my  Savior  always  nigh. 

He  comes,  my  dreary  hours  to  cheer — 
I'm  with  him  and  he  with  me 

Thus,  I  cannot  solitary  be  — 

And  Eegina,  the  only  daughter  present,  rushed  into  the  arms  of  the 
mother.     Barbara,  the  other  daughter,  was  never  restored." 

Though  Poutiac  still  persisted  in  his  hostility  in  the  Detroit 
country,  yet  he  could  have  no  prospect  of  success.  The  French  Juid 
held  out  in  their  hostility  to  the  English  even  after  the  treaty  of 
Paris  had  been  concluded,  and  this  enmity  was  especially  persevered 
in  by  the  more  lawless  and  revengeful,  yet  the  fruitlessness  of  this 
course  was  becoming  day  by  day  more  apparent.  OtKcial  notice,  by 
order  of  the  French  court,  was  given  of  relinquishment  of  all  power 
in  Canada.  De  Neyon,  the  commandant  at  Fort  Ciiarters,  "  sent 
belts,"  says  Bancroft,  "•  and  peace  pipes,  to  all  parts  of  the  continent, 
exhorting  the  many  nations  of  savages  to  bury  the  hatchet,  and  take 
the  English  by  the  hand  for  they  would  never  see  him  more.  *  *  * 
Tiie  courier  wlio  took  the  belt  to  the  north  offered  peace  to  all  the  tribes 
wherever  he  passed;  and  to  Detroit,  where  he  arrived  on  the  last  daj'  of 
October,  176-1,  he  bore  a  letter  of  the  nature  of  a  proclamation,  inform- 
ing the  iidiabitants  of  the  cession  of  Canada  to  England;  another  ad- 
dressed to  twenty-live  nations  by  name,  to  all  the  Bed  Men,  and  par- 
ticularly to  Pontiac,  chief  of  the  Ottawas;  a  third  to  the  commander, 
expressing  a  readiness  to  surrender  to  the  English  all  the  forts  on  the 
Ohio,  and  east  of  the  Mississippi.  The  next  morning  Pontiac  sent 
to  Gladwin,  that  he  accepted  the  peace  which  his  father,  the  French, 
had  sent  him,  and  desired  all  that  had  passed  might  be  forgot  on 
both  sides." 

Thus  ended  the  conspiracy  of  Pontiac,  a  warrior  unexcelled  by 
any  of  his  race  for  vigor  of  intellect  and  dauntless  courage.  His 
end  was  ienoble.     An  Eno-lish   trader  hired   a  Peoria    Indian   for  a 


192  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

barrel  of  rum  to  innrder  him.  The  place  of  his  death  was  Cahokia, 
a  small  village  a  little  below  St.  Louis.  lie  had  been  a  chief  leader 
in  the  army  of  the  French  in  the  battle  with  Braddock,  at  Mononga- 
hela,  and  he  was  held  in  high  repute  by  the  French  General  Mont- 
calm, and  at  the  time  of  his  death,  Pontiac  was  dressed  in  a  French 
uniform  presented  to  him  by  that  commander. 


CHAPTER  XII. 


First  Settlers — Lands  Must  be  Acquired  or  Indians  —  King's 
Proclamation — Lands  West  of  the  ALLEonANij:s  —  "Fair 
Play  "  Court — Two  Roads  Leading  West — Proclamation  of 
Governor  Penn — Little  Heed  to  Them — Sa(iie:ms  Complain 
— Settlers  Placate  the  Local  Tribes  by  Kindness — Gage 
to  Penn  and  Reply — Law  Passed  Giving  the  Settlers  to 
Death  Who  Do  Not  Move  Off — Notice  Given — ^Indians  In- 
terfere— Settlers  Willing  to  Reaiove  though  Encouraged 
TO  Remain — Postscript  to  Report — Names  of  Settlers — In- 
dian Conference  at  Fort  Pitt — Murder  of  Indians — Sat- 
isfied BY  Presents — Indians  Agree  to  Warn  Off  the  Set- 
tlers— Finally  Decline  — -  Reasons — Plan  to  Secure  the 
Removal  by  Indians  in  the  Interest  of  Philadelphia  Specu- 
lators— ^HiLLSBORouGii  Attempts  to  Destroy  Virginia  Claim 
— ^Eagerness  to  Secure  Bloc^ks  of  these  Western  Lands  by 
Speculators — Great  Gathering  at  Fort  Stanwix — Treaty 
Made — Lands  Acquired — Pennsylvania  Land  Office  Opened 
—  Rush  OF  Applicants  —  Case  of  Henry  Taylor  —  Testi- 
mony— Dishonest  Claimants. 

HITHERTO  no  permanent  settlements  had  been  made  in  the 
limits  of  what  is  now  known  as  Greene  County.  Traders  had 
for  some  years  previous  passed  through  all  this  section  of  country, 
and  had  tarrying  posts,  where  the  natives  were  met  and 
bartered  with  for  valuable  skins  and  furs,  furnishing  them  in 
return  with  traps,  axes,  knives,  guns  and  ammunition.  But  no  perma- 
nent settlements,  in  which  families  had  come  and  taken  up  the  land 
they  proposed  to  reclaim,  and  erected  huts  for  shelter  and  a  home, 
had  been  attempted.  Veech,  in  his  Monongahela  of  Old,  states  that 
the  Brown's,  Wendell  and  his  sons,  Mannus  and  Adam,  were  among 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  193 

the  earliest  tlms  to  come.  Tliej'  earne  in  1750,  or  perhaps  a  little 
earlier,  and  settled  in  Jacob's  Creek  valley  in  what  is  now  Faveite 
County.  Early  in  the  '50's,  Christopher  (xist,  whom  we  have  pre- 
viously mentioned,  planted  himself  in  the  valley  east  of  the  Monon- 
gahela,  and  others  followed  into  these  ])leasant  regions.  Tliough  we 
have  no  delinite  information  respecting  the  number  of  settlers  up  to 
this  time,  yet  there  must  have  been  a  considerable  population 
gathered  in  during  the  period  from  1760  to  '70;  for  llason  and 
Dixon  record  in  their  field  notes  under  date  of  September  30,  1707, 
"  Sent  to  Redstone  for  more  liands." 

The  colonial  governments  nominally  held  that  settlers  had  no 
right  to  occupy  any  lands  that  had  not  been  formally  purchased  of 
the  Indians,  and  the  purchase  been  confirmed  by  treaty  stipulations. 
None  of  the  territory  west  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains  had  been 
thus  secured  previous  to  1768,  though  the  Ohio  company,  which  had 
beeen  formed  in  Virginia  in  1748,  had  stipulated  for  the  settlement 
of  100  families  within  seven  years.  A  treaty  had  been  held  at 
Lancaster,  as  before  noted,  on  the  21st  of  June,  1744,  at  which 
representatives  of  Pennsylvania,  Maryland  and  Virginia  were  pres- 
ent, and  a  vast  tract  west  of  the  mountains  was  purchased  and  paid 
for  in  goods  and  gold.  But  the  Indians  who  dwelt  upon  these 
lands  repudiated  tlie  purchase,  as  did  the  Six  Nations,  and  indeed 
the  British  government  subsequently.  But  the  Ohio  Company  pro- 
ceeded to  send  settlers  on  the  strength  of  this  purchase,  as  did  the 
government  of  Pennsylvania.  However,  when  the  seven  years'  war 
broke  out  in  1756,  all  settlements  in  this  western  country  were 
abandoned.  During  the  pendency  of  the  operations  under  Colonel 
Boquet  against  the  Indians  in  the  Pontiac  war,  the  King  of  Great 
Britain  had  issued  his  proclamation,  in  the  hope  of  pacifying  the 
Indians,  forbidding  settlements  in  these  words:  "  Whereas,  it  is 
just  and  reasonaljle,  and  essential  to  our  interest,  and  the  security 
of  our  colonies,  that  the  several  nations  or  tribes  of  Indians  with 
whom  we  are  connected,  and  who  live  under  our  protection,  should 
not  be  molested  or  disturbed  in  the  possession  of  such  parts  of  our 
dominions  and  territories  as,  not  having  been  ceded  to,  or  purchased 
by  us,  are  reserved  to  them,  or  any  of  them,  as  their  hunting  grounds ;  we 
do,  therefore,  with  the  advice  of  our  privy  council,  declare  it  to  be 
our  royal  will  and  pleasure  *  "  *  that  no  Governor  or  Com- 
mander-in-chief of  our  other  colonies  or  plantations  in  America,  do 
presume  for  the  present,  and  until  our  further  pleasure  be  known,  to 
grant  warrants  of  survey,  or  pass  patents  for  any  lands  beyond  the 
heads  or  sources  of  any  of  the  rivers  which  fall  into  the  Atlantic 
Ocean  from  the  west  or  northwest,  or  upon  any  lands  whatever, 
which  never  having  been  ceded  to,  or  purchased  by  us,  are  reserved 
to  the  said  Indians     *     *     -^     and  we  do   hereby  strictly  forbid,  on 


194  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

pain  of  our  displeasure,  all  our  loving  subjects  from  making  any 
purchases  or  settlements  whatever  or  taking  possession  of  any  of  the 
lands  above  reserved,  without  our  special  leave  and  license  for  that 
purpose  iirst  obtained.  And  we  do  further  strictly  enjoin  and  re- 
quire all  persons  whatever,  who  have  either  wilfully  or  inadvertently 
seated  themselves  upon  any  lands  within  the  countries  above  de- 
scribed, or  upon  any  other  lands  *  *  *  which  are  still  reserved 
to  the  said  Indians,  forthwith  to  remove  themselves  from  such 
settlements.'''' 

It  will  be  seen  by  this  royal  proclamation,  that  all  lands  west  of 
the  sources  of  the  rivers  falling  into  the  Atlantic  Ocean  were  with- 
held from  settlement,  as  not  having  been  legally  purchased  of  the 
Indians,  and  settlers  wlio  had  taken  lands  there  were  summoned  to 
vacate  them.  But  the  settlers  paid  little  heed  to  this  proclamation, 
and  when  the  peace  secured  by  Colonel  Boquet  was  declared,  in 
1764,  hardy  settlers  hastened  back  to  the  tracts  which  they  liad 
previously  selected,  and  many  more  followed  in  their  footsteps.  As 
they  coidd  claim  no  protection  from  the  government,  entering  upon 
their  lands  in  direct  violation  of  the  royal  proclamation,  they  be- 
came a  law  unto  themselves.  In  a  note  to  Smith's  laws,  Yol.  II, 
he  says:  "  In  the  meantime,  in  violation  of  all  law,  a  set  of  hardy 
adventurers  had  from  time  to  time  seated  themselves  upon  this 
doubtful  territory.  They  made  improvements,  and  formed  a  very 
considerable  population.  It  is  true  so  far  as  regards  the  rights  to 
real  property,  they  were  not  under  tlie  protection  of  the  laws  of  the 
country;  and  were  we  to  adopt  the  visionary  theory  of  some  philos-- 
ophers,  who  have  drawn  their  arguments  from  a  supposed  state  of 
nature,  we  might  be  led  to  believe  that  the  state  of  these  people, 
would  have  been  a  state  of  continual  warfare,  and  that  in  contests 
for  property  the  weakest  must  give  way  to  the  strongest.  To  pre- 
vent the  consequences,  real  or  supposed,  of  this  state  of  things, 
they  formed  a  mutual  compact  among  themselves.  They  annually 
elected  a  tribunal,  in  rotation  of  three  of  their  settlers,  wliom  they 
called  Fair-play-men,  who  were  to  decide  all  controversies  and  set- 
tle disputed  l)Oundaries.  From  their  decision  there  was  no  appeal. 
There  could  be  no  resistance.  The  decree  was  enforced  by  the  whole 
body,  who  started  up  in  mass,  at  the  mandate  of  the  court  and 
execution  and  eviction  were  as  sudden  and  irresistible  as  the  judg- 
ment. Every  new  comer  was  obliged  to  apply  to  this  powerful  tri- 
bunal, and  upon  his  solenm  engagement  to  submit  in  all  respects 
to  the  law  of  the  land,  he  was  permitted  to  take  possession  of  some 
vacant  spot.  ,  Their  decrees  were  however  just;  and  when  their  set- 
tlements were  recognized  by  law  and  "Fair-play"  had  ceased,  their 
decisions  were  received  in  evidence  and  conlirmed  by  judgments  of 
courts."  The  "Fair-play"  dominions  were  embraced  in  the  purchase 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COITXTY.  197 

whicli  was  made  in   1768,  of  which  the  territoiy  of  Greene  formed 
a  part. 

There  were  two  roads  leading  throngli  the  nigged  ranges  of 
the  Alleghany  Mountains,  which  led  from  the  settlements  on  the 
Delaware  and  the  James  to  the  country  of  the  Monongahela;  that 
opened  by  Wills'  Creek  (Cumberland)  the  Great  Meadows,  and  Ked- 
stone  (Brownsville)  for  the  passage  of  Braddoek's  army,  which  be- 
came substantially  the  route  of  the  national  road  of  Jetferson's  time, 
and  that  by  Bedford,  Ligonier  and  Koyalhanna,  opened  for  the  pas- 
sage of  the  army  of  General  Forbes.  Strictly,  the  English  armies 
according  to  the  royal  proclamation  above  quoted,  except  the  ever 
ready  one  of  military  necessity,  had  no  right  to  cut  these  roads  and 
march  ai'mies  over  them.  Indeed,  the  Ohio  Company,  which  claimed 
its  authority  from  the  crown,  was  acting  in  contravention  to  that 
proclamation,  though  they  held  that  the  treaty  which  their  agents 
had  concluded  with  the  Indians,  was  their  warrant.  "  During  the 
summer  of  1760,''  says  Albach,  "  General  Monkton,  by  a  treaty  at 
Fort  Pitt,  obtained  leave  to  build  posts  within  the  wild  lands,  each 
post  having  ground  enough  about  it  to  raise  corn  and  vegetables  for 
the  use  of  the  garrison.  Nor  were  the  settlements  of  the  Ohio 
Company  and  the  forts  the  ordy  inroads  upon  the  hunting  grounds 
of  the  savages.  In  1757,  by  the  books  of  the  secretary  of  Virginia, 
three  millions  of  acres  had  been  granted  west  of  the  mountains. 
Indeed,  in  1758,  tliat  State  attempted  by  law  to  encourage  settle- 
ments in  the  West." 

So  disastrous  had  been  the  wars  with  the  Indians,  and  so  bitter 
their  hatred  of  the  settlers,  that  government  exercised  care  in  pre- 
venting encroachments  and  in  removing  intruders  upon  unacquired 
territory.  Governor  Penn,  in  September,  1766,  issued  his  proclama- 
tion warning  "  all  his  majesty's  subjects  of  this  or  any  other  province 
or  colony  from  making  any  settlements,  or  taking  any  possession  of 
lands,  by  marking  trees  or  otherwise,  beyond  the  limits  of  the  last 
Indian  purchase,  that  of  1758,  within  this  province,  upon  pain  of  the 
severest  penalties  of  the  law,  and  of  being  excluded  from  the  privilege 
of  securing  such  settlements  should  the  lands  where  they  shall  be 
made  be  hereafter  purchased  of  the  Indians."  A  little  earlier,  in 
June  of  this  year,  Captain  Mackay,  with  a  squadron  of  English  regu- 
lars was  sent  out  from  Fort  Pitt  to  Redstone,  to  order  the  settlers 
away.  Governor  Farquier,  of  Virginia,  issued  a  proclamation  of  a 
tenor  similar  to  that  of  Governor  Penn. 

But  notwithstanding  the  loud  words  of  royal  and  governor's 
proclamations,  and  the  presence  of  the  king's  troops,  it  is  probable 
that  little  heed  was  given  to  these  commands  by  the  hardy  pioneers 
who  had  ventured  forth  in  small  parties  and  pressed  into  this  beau- 
tiful and  fruitful  country,  where  they   could   get   the   best  lands  by 

10 


198  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

"  squatting"  on  them,  and  driving  a  few  stakes.  They  made  fast 
friends  of  the  Indians,  whom  they  casually  met,  by  gifts  and  kind- 
nesses. But  the  great  war  Sachems  looked  with  a  jealous  eye  upon 
these  encroachments,  and  made  loud  complaints  to  the  colonial  au- 
thorities. So  threatening  had  these  protests  become  near  the  close 
of  1767,  that  General  Gage,  who  had  succeeded  General  Amherst  in 
the  command  of  the  royal  forces  in  America,  wrote  to  Governor 
Penn,  that  Sir  William  Johnson,  who  was  the  most  trusted  medium 
between  the  Eno-lish  and  the  Indians,  to  whom  the  latter  were  ac- 
customed  freely  to  unbosom  themselves,  had  advised  him  that  there 
was  danger  of  an  immediate  rupture,  the  chief  ground  of  complaint 
being  '•'  the  obstinacy  of  the  people  who  persist  to  settle  on  their 
lands." 

In  his  reply,  Governor  Penn  very  judiciously  and  candidly  ob- 
serves: "  With  respect  to  the  inefhciency  of  the  laws  to  secure  the 
Indians  in  their  persons  and  properties,  1  would  beg  leave  to  observe 
that  the  remote  situation  of  their  country,  and  tiie  dispersed  and 
vagrant  manner  in  which  the  people  live,  will  generally  render  the 
best  laws  that  can  be  framed  for  those  ends  in  a  great  measure  inef- 
fectual. The  civil  officers,  whose  business  it  is  to  see  that  they  are 
duly  enforced,  cannot  exert  their  authority  in  so  distant  and  extensive 
a  wilderness.  In  the  execution  thereof,  of  the  present  interesting  mat- 
ter, I  am  persuaded  that,  notwithstanding,  all  the  Legislature  can  do,  I 
shall  find  it  necessary  to  apply  the  military  aid,  which  you  have  so 
readily  oifered  me  in  support  of  the  civil  power.  Yet  I  fear  that  while 
the  severity  of  the  weather  in  the  winter  season  continues,  it  will  be 
found  extremely  difficult,  if  not  impracticable,  to  oblige  these  lawless 
people  to  abandon  their  present  habitations,  and  to  remove  with  their 
families  and  effects  into  the  interior  part  of  the  country,  and  I  am  of 
the  opinion  that  it  would  be  unaclvisable  to  make  any  attempt  of 
that  kind  before  spring." 

At  the  opening  of  the  legislative  session  of  1768,  the  Governor 
called  attention  to  these  irregularities,  and  called  upon  the  Assembly 
to  pass  such  a  law-  as  will  effectually  remedy  these  provocations,  and 
the  first  law  of  the  session  was  one  providing  that  if  any  person 
settled  upon  lands  not  purchased  of  the  Indians  by  the  propri- 
etaries, shall  refuse  to  remove  for  the  space  of  thirty  days  after 
having  been  requested  so  to  do,  or  if  any  person  shall  remove  and 
then  return,  or  shall  settle  on  such  lands  after  the  notice  of  the  pro- 
visions of  this  act  have  been  duly  proclaimed,  any  such  persons  on 
being  duly  convicted  shall  be  put  to  death  without  benefit  of  clergy. 

Tliis  statute  having  been  duly  enacted,  it  was  printed  with  a  pro- 
clamation of  the  Governor,  and  a  committee  consisting  of  John  Steel, 
John  Allison,  Christopher  Lemes  and  James  Potter,  were  dispatched 


J 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  199 

to  the  Moiiongahela  countrj  to  distribute  these  docuiiieiits  and  give 
the  necessary  notice. 

This  embassage  was  faithfully  performed,  tiie  settlers  being  called 
together  and  the  law  and  the  messao-e  of  the  Governor  being;  read  to 
them,  and  the  occasion  of  the  action.  Upon  their  return  they  made 
a  report  of  their  proceedings  in  which  they  say:  "  We  arrived  at  the 
settlement  on  Redstone  on  the  twenty-third  day  of  March.  The 
people  having  heard  of  our  coming  had  appointed  a  meeting  among 
themselves,  on  the  twenty-fourth,  to  consult  M'hat  measures  they 
should  take.  We  took  the  advantage  of  this  meeting,  read  the  act 
of  assembly  and  proclamation,  explaining  the  law,  and  giving  the 
reason  of  it  as  well  as  we  could,  and  used  our  endeavors  to  persuade 
them  to  comply,  alleging  to  them  that  it  was  the  most  probable 
method,  to  entitle  them  to  favor  with  the  honorable  proprietaries 
when  the  land  was  purchased.  After  lamenting  their  distressed 
condition,  they  told  us  the  people  were  not  fully  collected;  but  as 
they  expected,  all  would  attend  on  the  Sabbath  following,  then  they 
would  give  us  answer.  Tliey,  however,  affirmed  that  the  Indians 
were  very  peaceable,  and  seemed  sorry  they  were  to  be  removed; 
and  said  they  apprehended  the  English  intended  to  make  war  upon 
the  Indians,  as  they  were  moving  off  tlieir  people  from  their  neigh- 
borhood. We  labored  to  persuade  them  that  they  were  imposed  on 
by  a  few  straggling  Indians,  that  Sir  William  Johnson,  who  had  in- 
formed our  government,  must  be  better  acquainted  with  the  mind 
of  the  Six  Nations,  and  that  they  w^ere  displeased  with  tlie  white 
people  settling  on  their  unpurchased  lands.  On  the  Sabbath  a  con- 
siderable number  attended,  and  most  of  them  told  us  tliey  were 
resolved  to  move  oft",  and  would  petition  your  honor  for  preference 
in  obtaining  their  improvements  when  a  purchase  was  made." 

"  While  we  were  conversing,  we  were  informed  that  a  number  of 
Indians  liad  come  to  Indian  Peters!  We,  judging  it  might  be  sub- 
servient to  our  main  design  that  the  Indians  should  be  present  while 
we  were  advising  the  people  to  obey  the  law,  sent  for  them.  They 
came,  and  after  sermon  delivered  a  speech,  with  a  string  of  wam- 
pum to  be  transmitted  to  your  Honor.  The  speech  was:  '  Ye  are 
come,  sent  by  the  great  men  to  tell  these  people  to  go  away  from 
the  land,  which  you  say  is  ours;  and  we  are  sent  by  our  great 
men,  and  are  glad  we  have  met  here  this  day.  We  tell  you  the 
white  people  must  stop,  and  we  stop  them  till  the  treaty,  and  wlien 
George  Croghan  and  our  great  men  will  talk  together  we  will  tell 
them  what  to  do!  *  *  ^  After  this  the  people  \vere  more  con- 
firmed that  there  was  no  danger  of  war.  They  dropped  the  design 
of  petitioning,  and  said  they  would  wait  the  issue  of  the  treaty. 
Some,  however,  declared  they  would  move  off." 

By  a  similar  manner  of  procedure,  the   settlers  on    Cheat  Rivei', 


200  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

and  Stewart's  crossings  ot"  Yongliiof;;heny  were  met,  and  copies  of 
the  law  and  proclamation  were  sent  to  Turkeyfoot,  and  other  scattered 
settlers.  la  conclusion  they  say:  "  It  is  our  opinion  that  some 
will  move  off,  in  obedience  to  the  law,  that  the  greater  part  will  wait 
the  treaty,  and  if  the}'^  find  the  Indians  indeed  dissatisfied,  we  think 
that  the  whole  can  be  persuaded  to  remove.  The  Indians  coming  to 
Kedstone  and  delivering  their  speech  greatly  obstructed  our  design." 

This  closed  the  report  of  the  commissioners;  but  a  private  letter 
of  the  chairman,  John  Steel,  to  the  Governor,  discloses  the  secret 
spring  that  may  have  been  moving  in  this  whole  matter,  and  gives 
a  smack  of  tlie  milk  that  is  in  the  cocoanut.  lie  says:  *•'  Sir,  tiiere 
is  one  thing  which,  in  preparing  the  extract  of  our  journal,  happened 
to  be  overlooked,  viz.l  The  people  at  Redstone  alleged  that  the  re- 
moving them  from  the  unpurchased  lands  was  a  contrivance  of  the 
gentlemen  and  merchants  of  Philadelphia,  that  they  might  take 
rights  tor  their  improvements  when  a  ])urchase  w'as  made.  In  con- 
firmation of  this,  they  said  tiiat  a  gentleman  of  the  name  of  Harris, 
and  another  called  Wallace,  with  one  Priggs,  a  pilot,  spent  a  con- 
siderable time  last  August  in  viewing  the  lands  and  creeks  there- 
abouts. We  promised  to  acquaint  your  honor  with  this."  It  was  a 
most  fortunate  lapse  of  memory  on  the  part  of  the  commissioners 
that  they  forgot  to  put  any  mention  of  this  little  scheme  into  their 
report,  as  it  might  have  been  made  public  and  defeated  the  underly- 
ino;  motive  of  their  mission.  Mr.  Steel  adds  in  this  note,  "  I  am  of 
opinion  from  the  appearance  of  the  people  and  the  best  intelligence 
we  could  obtain,  that  there  are  but  about  an  hundred  and  fifty  fami- 
lies in  the  difterent  settlements." 

The  commissioners  appended  the  names  of  the  inen  whom  they 
met,  and  as  this  gives  a  clue  to  the  earliest  settlers  in  the  country  of 
the  JMonongahela  they  are  given  as  one  of  the  very  early  records 
of  1768:  "  John  Wiseman,  Henry  Prisser,  AVilliam  Linn,  William 
Colvin,  John  Vervalson,  xlbraham  Tygard  (Teagarden),  Thomas 
Brown,  Richard  Rogers,  John  Delong,  Peter  Young,  George  Martin, 
Henry  Swartz,  Joseph  McLeon,  Jesse  Martin,  Adam  Ilatton,  John 
Vervul,  Jr.,  James  Waller,  Thomas  Douter,  Captain  Coburn,  Michael 
Hooter,  Andrew  Linn,  Gab.'iel  Conn,  Thomas  Down,  Andrew 
Gudgeon  (^^Gudgel),  Phil  Sute  (Shute),  James  Crawford,  John  Peters, 

John  Martin,   Hans  Cock,  Daniel    McCay;    Josias    C'rawford, 

Pi-ovince."     At  Gist's  place   were:    ''James   L^nie, Plounfield 

(Brownfield),  Eze  Johnson,  Thomas  Guesse  (Gist),  Charles  Linsey, 
James  Wallace,  Richard  Harrison,  .[et.  Johnson,  Henry  Burken 
(liurkham),  Lawrence  Harrison,  Ralph  Hickenbottom,  and  at  Tur- 
keyfoot, Henry  Abrahams,  Eze  Dewit,  James  Spence,  Benjamin 
Jennings,  John  Cooper,  John  Enslow,  Henry  Enslow,  Benjamin 
Pursley."     It  is  probable  tliat  many  of  these  names  have  a  different 


IIISTOIJY    OF    GltEEXE    COUNTY.  201 

form  from  the  names  borne  by  descendants  of  the  same  families;  but 
there  is  no  doubt  that  many  of  tlie  inliabitants  of  the  Moii(»ngahehi 
country  at  the  present  day  are  the  descendants  of  these  people  who 
had  planted  themselves  here  in  the  wilderness  nearly  a  century  and 
a  quarter  ago. 

Preparations  had  been  for  some  time  in  progress  for  holding  a 
conference  with  the  Indians  at  Fort  Pitt.  George  Croghan,  wIkj 
was  the  deputy  under  Sir  William  Johnson,  had  the  matter  in  charge, 
and  had  informed  Governor  John  Penn  that  if  he  wished  to  be  rep- 
resented he  should  send  delegates.  The  council  convened  on  the 
26th  of  April  and  lasted  till  the  9tli  of  May,  John  Allen  and  Joseph 
lShi])pen,  Jr.,  representing  Pennsylvania.  The  records  show  that  the 
Indians  were  very  fully  represented,  twelve  Sachems,  six  war  chiefs, 
and  two  linndred  and  ninety  l)raves,  besides  women  and  childi-en 
(which  accompanied  all  the  tribes)  of  the  Six  Nations;  thirteen 
Sachems,  nine  war  chiefs,  and  three  hundred  and  eleven  braves  of 
the  Delavvares;  ten  Sachems,  eight  war  chiefs,  and  one  hundred  and 
forty  braves  of  the  Shawneese;  rive  Sachems  and  one  hundred  and 
ninety-six  braves  of  the  Munsies;  three  Sachems  and  ninety  warriors 
of  the  Mohickions;  seven  of  the  AVyandots;  in  all,  eleven  hundred, 
besides  women  and  children. 

The  tirst  business  considered  was  the  atonement  for  the  murder 
of  Indians  which  had  recently  been  perpetrated  by  the  enraged 
settlers,  who  had  taken  it  upon  themselves  to  avenge-  the  outrages 
which  had  been  perpetrated  by  the  red  men  in  the  way  of  murders, 
scalpings  and  burnings  in  the  progress  of  the  late  wars — the  victims 
in  most  cases  being  wholly  innocent,  whose  only  crime  was  that  of 
having  a  red  skin  and  being  clothed  in  feathers  and  paint.  Much 
palaver  was  had  over  this  subject,  the  great  chiefs  airing  their  wild 
rhetoric  of  the  woods  very  freely.  The  representative  of  the  white 
men,  Croghan,  shrewdly  admitted  everything  charged,  bewailing 
their  losses,  and  grieving  over  their  wounded  feelings.  But  he  had 
come  prepared  to  amend  all,  and  when  he  brought  out  the  "  piled 
up"  presents  to  the  amount  of  over  fourteen  hundred  pounds,  the 
warrior  braves  regarded  them  with  grunts  of  satisfaction,  and  freely 
forgave  all. 

The  council  was  a  long  time  in  reaching  the  second  subject  of 
consideration,  M'hat  should  be  the  decision  in  regard  to  settlers  on 
the  lands  not  purchased  of  the  rightful  owners.  There  appear  to 
have  been  no  friends  of  the  settlers  admitted  to  the  council,  the 
agents  of  the  Pennsylvania  government,  Allen  and  Shippen,  being- 
only  intent  on  securing  the  execution  of  that  barbarous  statute  which 
prescribed  hanging  if  they  did  not  summarily  give  up  tlieir  homes. 
Tohonissawgorrawa,  the  sound  of  whose  name  was  enough  to  inspire 
terror,  at   length  was   induced  to  enter  a  complaint    addressed    to 


202  JIISTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

Brother  Oiias  (Penii)  against  tlie  English  for  entering  upon  lands 
not  yet  bought,  and  demanding  that  they  be  removed.  The  answer 
made  by  the  Pennsylvania  commissioners  disclosed  the  sole  purpose 
which  they  had.  They  explained  the  provisions  of  the  law  recently 
passed,  relating  to  this  subject  of  removal,  showed  the  result  of  the 
labors  of  the  agents  sent  to  deliver  printed  copies  of  the  law  and 
(Tovernor's  proclamation;  but  bewail  the  fact,  that  after  the  settlers 
had  been  persuaded  to  leave,  there  came  certain  Mingo  Indians,  who 
exhorted  them  to  stay  until  the  result  of  this  treaty  should  be 
made  known.  Allen  and  Shippen  now  demanded  that  discreet 
chieftains  should  be  sent  to*  the  settlers  to  order  their  immediate 
departure.  After  this  is  done  say  they:  "  If  they  shall  refuse  to 
remove  by  the  time  limited  them,  you  may  depend  upon  it  the  gov- 
ernment will  not  fail  to  put  the  law  into  execution  against  them." 
The  proposition  of  the  Pennsylvania  agents  that  the  Indians  should 
send  some  of  their  wise  men  to  warn  the  settlers  off,  and  undo  the 
mischief  done  by  the  Mingo  messengers  was  agreed  to,  and  a  delega- 
tion Mas  named  on  the  part  of  the  Six  Nations,  who  received  formal 
written  instructions,  and  John  Frazer  and  John  Thompson  wei-e 
designated  to  accompany  them  on  their  errand.  It  was  understood 
that  they  were  to  proceed  on  this  mission  at  once.  Put  after  wait- 
ing several  days  and  vainly  importuning  them  to  set  off,  they  finally 
came  to  the  commissioners  and  said  that  ''  they  had  been  seriously 
considerino;  the  business  thev  were  groino-  to  be  sent  on,  and  it  now 
appeared  to  them  so  disagreeable  that  they  could  by  no  means  con- 
sent to  undertake  it,  and  immediately  returned  the  wampum  which 
had  been  given  them.  *  *  *  The  driving  of  white  people  away 
from  their  settlements  was  a  matter  which  no  Indians  could  with 
any  satisfaction  be  concerned  in,  and  they  thought  it  most  proper 
for  the  English  themselves  to  compel  their  own  people  to  remove 
from  the  Indians'  lands." 

Though  the  settlers  had  no  representative  admitted  to  the  great 
conclave  to  speak  for  them,  yet  it  is  very  evident  that  they  had  some 
shrewd  member  present  with  the  Indians  counseling  with  them  and 
inspiring  their  replies.  For  while  these  answers  are  in  entire  har- 
mony with  the  native  dignity  of  these  men  of  the  forest;  yet  we  can- 
not but  believe  that  the  timely  appearance  of  the  Mingo  braves  at 
Redstone,  and  their  plea  for  the  sitting  of  the  settlers  for  the  present, 
and  now  the  refusal  to  undertake  the  embassage  which  they  had  for- 
mally agreed  to  in  council  and  their  very  cogent  and  dignified  reasons 
therefor,  were  inspired  by  an  agent  of  the  settlers.  And  this 
view  is  greatly  strengthened  when  we  consider  the  following  written 
statement,  which  Guyasutha  delivered  to  the  Pennsylvania  com- 
missioners: "  I  now  find  that  not  only  the  Indians  appointed  by  us, 
but  all  our  other  young  men,  are  very  unwilling  to, carry  a  message 


IIISTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUXTY.  203 

from  us  to  the  white  people,  ordering  them  to  remove  from  our  lands. 
They  say  they  would  not  choose  to  incur  the  ill-will  of  those  people; 
for  if  they  should  be  now  removed  they  will  hereafter  return  to  their 
settlements  when  the  English  have  purchased  the  country  from  us. 
And  we  shall  be  very  unhappy  if,  by  our  conduct  towards  tliem  at 
this  time,  we  shall  give  them  reason  to  dislike  us,  and  treat  us  in  an 
unkind  manner  when  they  again  become  our  neiglibors.  We  there- 
fore hope,  brethren,  you  will  not  be  displeased  at  us,  for  not  performing 
our  agreement  with  you,  for  you  may  be  assured  we  liave  good  hearts 
towards  all  our  brethren,  the  English." 

The  true  secret  of  this  whole  attempt  to  remove  the  settlers  west 
of  Alleghanies  was  this:  Since  the  surveys  made  by  Mason  and 
Dixon  which  had  been  stopped  by  the  Indians  at  the  great  war  path 
on  Dunkard  Creek,  Greene  County,  and  within  some  thirty-six  miles 
of  the  western  boundary  of  the  State,  the  State  authorities  and  the 
magnates  of  Philadelphia  being  now  definitely  apprised  of  the 
southern  limits  of  the  colony,  beheld  a  large  number  of  settlers, 
mostly  Virginians,  whom  the  Ohio  Company  had  been  instrumental 
in  bringing  there,  seated  upon  some  of  the  iinest  lands  in  this  whole 
Monongahela  Valley,  and  they  desired  them  dispossessed  by  the  In- 
dians, so  that  when  all  this  stretch  of  country  west  of  the  Alleghanies 
should  be  acquired  by  purchase,  it  would  be  open  for  occupancy  by 
Pennsylvanians.  But  in  this  business  the  Indians  showed  themselves 
unwilling  to  draw  the  chestnuts  from  the  embers  to  accommodate 
the  prospective  purchasei's.  The  settlers  themselves  were  entirely 
innocent  of  any  evil  designs,  having  come  upon  these  lands  in  the 
belief  that  the  Ohio  Company,  which  had  the  authority  and  en- 
couragement of  the  British  government,  had  acquired  a  just  title  to 
them,  and  that  they  owed  allegiance  to  the  State  of  Virginia  which 
assumed  a  rightful  authority  over  them.  Having  selected  their 
lands,  and  with  great  toil  and  hardship  made  clearings  and  cultiva- 
tions, they  felt  a  deep  reluctance  to  give  them  up,  and  believed  that 
they  could  not  be  rightfully  dispossessed.  Hence,  these  early  Vir- 
ginia settlers  were  anxious  to  cultivate  a  o-ood  understand intj  with 
the  Indians,  which  tended  to  promote  further  settlements,  and  came 
to  look  with  an  evil  eye  on  the  government  of  Pennsvlvania,  which 
had  authorized  their  hanging  if  tliey  did  not  remove. 

In  all  these  negotiations  the  Indians  intimated  that  they  expected 
to  sell  these  lands  west  of  the  Alleghanies  to  the  English.  For  in 
their  excuses  for  not  ordering  off  the  white  people,  as  they  had  agreed 
to  do,  they  used  this  expression,  "when  the  English  shall  have  pur- 
chased the  country  from  us."  Virginia  was  the  only  colony  which 
laid  claim  to  the  country  drained  by  the  Ohio  River.  The  New  Eng- 
land States,  except  Connecticut,  were  entirely  cut  off;  New  York 
could   only  extend  westward   to  the  lakes,  Pennsylvania  had  exact 


204  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

limits  prescribed  by  charter  on  the  west,  even  if  that  limit  was  allowed, 
although  Virginia  was  claiming  the  portion  west  of  the  Alleghany 
Mountains.  But  Virginia  laid  claim  to  the  entire  Ohio  Valley 
north  as  well  as  south.  This  claim  Hillsborough,  the  English  Sec- 
retary, determined  to  curtail,  by  confirming  the  Indians  in  their 
claims  to  all  these  lands,  at  least  until  the  claim  of  Virginia  was 
broken,  and  accordingly  ordered  his  agent,  Stuait,  to  continue  the 
line  which  he  had  traced  along  the  western  limits  of  the  Carolinas, 
from  Chiswell's  mine  to  the  moutli  of  the  Kanawha.  This  line  was 
confirmed  by  tieaty  with  the  Cherokees  at  Hard  Labor  on  the  14th 
of  October,  1768.  By  this  procedure  all  of  Kentucky,  as  well  as 
the  entire  territory  northwest  of  the  Ohio,  would  be  relieved  of  the 
claim  of  Virginia,  and  the  Indians  be  confirmed  in  absolute  owner- 
ship. 

The  English  Secretary  was  moreover  jealous  of  tlie  encroach- 
ments of  the  Spanish  at  St.  Louis  and  New  Orleans,  M'ho  were  bidding 
for  the  fur  trade  of  the  lakes,  and  the  Westerii  settlers.  By  establish- 
ing the  native  tribes  in  their  rights  he  thought  to  cut  off"  this  trade 
through  their  country,  and  not  only  stop  emigration  to  these  Western 
lands,  but  clear  off  the  few  who  had  already  made  improvements. 
Hence  tliis  savage  laM^  of  the  Pennsylvania  Legislature,  imposing 
death  on  these  settlers  if  they  did  not  leave,  was  well  pleasing  to  him. 

There  was  much  contention  at  this  time  botli  in  the  colonies  and 
at  the  English  court  to  obtain  grants  of  these  Westei-n  lands.  The 
Ohio  Company,  Mississippi  Company  and  Walpole's  grants,  which 
will  be  referred  to  further  on,  were  specimens  of  this  grasping  spirit. 
Franklin  was  in  England  urging  these  grants  and  was  in  correspondence 
with  his  compeers  in  this  country.  Sir  William  Johnson  was  not 
without  ambitious  designs,  and  he  had  accordingly  made  arrange- 
ments for  a  grand  conclave  of  Indians  from  far  and  near  to  be  held 
at  Fort  Stanwix,  now  Kome,  New  York,  in  the  mild  October  days 
of  1768.  The  conference  held  at  Fort  Pitt,  detailed,  above,  earlier  in 
the  season,  was  but  the  forerunner  of  this  grander  meeting,  and  the 
munificent  gifts  there  distributed  were  baits  to  lure  the  savages  on. 

Thomas  Walker  represented  Virginia;  Governor  William  Frank- 
lin, New  Jersey ;  Governor  Penn  was  present  from  Pennsylvania,  but 
was  obliged  to  leave  before  the  business  was  completed.  Sir  Will- 
iam Johnson  represented  New  York  and  the  English  government, 
orders  having  been  transmitted  to  him  early  in  the  spring  to  make 
the  proposed  purchase  of  lands  and  settle  all  difficulties  with  the  In- 
dians. The  number  of  Indians  present  was  extraordinary,  being  ac- 
cording to  Bancroft  a  little  short  of  three  thousand.  "  Every  art," 
he  says,  "  was  used  to  conciliate  the  chiefs  of  the  Six  Nations,  and 
gifts  were  lavished  on  them  with  unusual  generosity.  They  in  turn 
complied  with  the  solicitations  of  the  several  agents.     The  line  that 


/      -dIMk.      >  ■ 


^C 


^^/^  ^/y 


<r*«fe// 


IIISTOIIY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  207 

was  established  began  at  the  north,  where  Canada  Creek  joins  Wood 
Creek;  on  leaving  New  York,  it  passed  from  the  nearest  fork  of  the 
West  JJranch  of  the  Sns(Hiehanna  to  Ivittanningr  on  the  Allesfheny, 
whence  it  followed  that  river  and  the  Ohio.  At  the  month  of  the 
Kanawha  it  met  the  line  of  Stewart's  treaty.  Had  it  stopped  here 
tiie  Indian  frontier  wonid  liave  been  marked  all  the  way  from  north- 
ern Xew  York  to  Florida,  lint  instead  of  following  his  instrnctions, 
Sir  William  J(jhnson  pretended  to  recognize  a  right  of  the  Six 
Nations  to  the  largest  part  of  Kentncky,  and  continned  the  line  down 
the  Ohio  to  the  Tennessee  River  which  was  thns  constituted  the 
western  boundary  of  Virginia."  This  was  in  contravention  to  the 
policy  of  Secretary  Hillsborough,  and  again  opened  the  extravagant 
claims  of  Yiro-inia. 

Thus  was  acquired,  by  the  transactions  of  one  day,  the  otli  of 
November,  1768,  a  day  ever  memorable  in  the  annals  of  Western 
Pennsylvania,  this  hilarious  carnival  day  of  the  Indians,  a  vast 
tract  stretching  away  a  thousand  miles  or  more,  enough  for  an  em- 
pire of  the  largest  proportions.  It  embraced  in  Pennsylvania  the 
very  farthest  stretch  from  the  Delaware  River  in  the  northeast  to 
Greene  County  in  the  southwest,  comprising  the  counties  of  Wavne, 
Susquelumna,  Lackawanna,  Luzerne,  Wyoming,  Sullivan,  a  part  of 
Bradford,  Columbia,  Montour,  Northumberland,  Lycoming,  Union, 
parts  of  Centre,  Clinton,  Clearheld,  Indiana,  Armstrong  and  Alle- 
gheny, and  the  counties  entire  of  Cambria,  Somerset,  Westmoreland, 
AYasliington,  Fayette  and  Greene.  Thus  was  ended  l)y  one  sweeping 
purchase  a  controversy  with  the  Indians  for  possession  of  the  soil 
along  the  waters  of  the  JVIonongahela,  which  was  beginning  to 
threaten  deadly  feuds.  We  say  ended;  but  not  ended.  The  treaty 
was  signed  by  the  chiefs  of  the  Six  Nations,  for  themselves,  their 
allies  and  defendants,  the  Shawnees,  Delawares,  Mingoes  and  others; 
but  tlie  Shawnees  and  Delaware  deputies  did  not  sign,  and  hence 
there  was  left  open  a  plea  for  individual  hostility,  which  for  many 
years  proved  ver}^  greivous  to  the  early  settlers  of  Greene  County, 
though  the  Six  Nations  claimed  the  right  to  themselves  to  make  sale 
of  all  these  lands  by  right  of  ct.Miquest  of  the  natives  which  in- 
habited them,  a  right  which  the  Delawares  and  Shawnees  never 
dared  to  dispute. 

The  title  of  the  government  to  all  the  lands  along  the  Mononga- 
hela  and  upper  Ohio  being  now  thought  to  be  complete,  having  a 
title  deed  for  it  from  the  Six  Nations  duly  recorded,  there  was  lu) 
reason  why  these  lands  should  not  be  taken  up  under  colonial  author- 
ity. Virginia  was  laying  claim  to  all  this  section  of  country,  on 
what  grounds  we  shall  detail  further  on;  but  Pennsylvania  having 
already  extended  its  southern  boundary  as  claimed  by  chartered  right, 
very    nearly    to    its    western    extremity,    felt     secure    in    extending 


208  HISTORY  OF  gueenp:  county. 

the  ?egis  of  its  power  over  these  regions,  though  for  the  most  part 
settled  to  tliis  time  by  Virginians.  Accordingly,  early  in  the  year 
1769,  public  notice  was  given  that  the  land  office  of  the  colony 
would  1)6  opened  on  the  3d  of  April  for  the  sale  of  lands  within  the 
limits  of  the  new  purchase,  at  a  price  of  live  pounds  sterling  per  one 
hundred  acres,  and  a  quit-rent  of  a  penny  per  acre,  the  Proprietaries 
holding  that  as  they  had  the  land  on  condition  of  making  of  an 
annual  payment  of  two  beaver  skins,  they  were  obliged  to  impose  an 
annual  (piit-rent  to  make  a  sale  binding.  A  penny  an  acre,  though 
seeming  a  mere  nominal  sum,  if  exacted  on  the  whole  territory  of 
the  State  would  bring  a  snug  little  income.  l>y  the  rules  of  the 
office  no  one  person  was  allowed  to  purchase  more  than  three  hun- 
dred acres. 

As  we  have  already  seen  numbers  of  hardy  j)ioneers,  previous  to 
tliis  date,  had  chosen  lands,  and  made  for  themselves  homes  on  the 
favorite  spots  throughout  all  this  picturesque  country  southward 
from  Fort  Pitt,  between  the  Ohio  and  Monongahela  rivers,  thouah 
-they  had  acquired  no  recognized  right  to  do  so  previous  to  the  date 
nauied  above.  When  the  land  office  was  opened  on  the  morning  of 
that  day  there  was  a  great  rush  of  applicants  desiring  to  perfect  a 
title  to  their  lands.  Among  others  who  had  settled  on  lands  near 
the  mouth  of  Ten  Mile  Creek,  previous  to  1768,  was  Abraham  Tea- 
garden,  and  among  names  of  those  who  were  granted  patents  for 
lands  west  of  the  Monongahela  on  this  lirst  day  were  those  of  Pres- 
ton, Harrison,  Fooks  and  Evans,  and  subsequently  those  of  Hunter, 
McDowell,  Drummond,  Alln;an,  Marshall.  Indian  Peter,  Parkinson, 
Cox,  Grimes  and  Taylor. 

To  illustrate  the  manner  in  which  titles  were  accpiired  and  con- 
flicting claims  M'ere  settled  in  those  early  times,  the  following  ex- 
tracts from  the  testimony  in  a  suit  for  ejectment  which  was  brought 
by  the  last  named  -person,  Henry  Taylor,  are  here  given,  the  case 
turning  upon  the  question  of  pi'iority  of  occupancy.  Isaac  "Will- 
iams testifled:  "That  in  tlie  year  1770  he  saw  Henry  Taylor  living 
in  the  forks  of  Chartiers  Creek,  he  was  improving  that  land  that  is  now 
in  dispute,  and  to  make  a  settlement  thereon;  that  he  hired  his 
brother,  John  Williams,  to  strengthen  the  improvements  then 
claimed  by  said  Taylor;  that  he  knew  the  work  to  be  done,  as  he 
hunted  to  get  provision  foi"  the  men  while  they  were  doing  the  M-ork; 
that  he  also  knew  Taylor  to  pay  his  l)rother  a  rifle  gun  and  some 
cash  when  .he  went  awa}',  and  on  his  return  paid  the  sum  of  eight 
pounds;  that  when  they  were  doing  the  work  he  fou)id  a  new  cabin 
on  the  White  Oak  Ridge,  appearing  to  have  been  built  that  winter; 
that  on  Tajdor's  tinding  that  some  p6rson  had  been  at  work  on  his. 
land  he  employed  me  to  enquire,  and  if  possible  find  out  who  it  was, 
and  to  purchase  their  claim,  which  I  found   it   to  be  Hugh  Sidwell, 


TTISTOKY    OF    GREENE    COFXTY.  209 

and  purchased  the   said  White   Oak  cabin   and   all  his  claim  for  the 
sum  of  twenty  shillings." 

In  answer  to  the  question  whether  Bolzer  Shilling  did  not 
make  a  practice  of  running  about  through  the  woods,  marking 
and  hazing  trees  and  calling  that  his  improvements,  and  that  in 
great  num])er,"  Williams'answered,  "  He  knew  it  well  to  be  h.is  con- 
stant practice."  John  Williams  also  testified  '•  that Jie  deadened  some 
timber  and  cut  and  split  live  hundred  rails  on  the  Kich  Hill  tract, 
live  hundred  rails  on  the  White  Oak  llidge  tract,  that  he  built  a 
good  cabin  and  split  live  hundred  rails  on  another  tract,  for  which 
the  said  Taylor  paid  him  before  he  left  the  settlement  a  rifle  gun 
and  four  dollars  cash,  and  the  next  s]iring  when  the  said  Tajdor  re- 
turned from  Cecil  County,  Maryland,  he  paid  me  the  remainder 
honorably,  being  eight  pounds  Pennsylvania  money." 

Frederick  Lamb  also  testiiied,  "  That  some  time  in  the  month  of 
April,  1772,  he  came  to  Bolzer  Shilling  where  he  was  doing  some 
work  on  a  certain  tract  of  land  where  Kichard  Yates  now  dwells  on; 
he  had  seen  on  a  tree  a  small  distance  from  them,  with  H.  T.  on  it, 
which  at  the  time  he  thougiit  it  had  been  Henry  Taylor's  claini,  and 
he  asked  the  said  Bolzer, '  Was  not  this  Henry  Taylor's  claim? '  Bolzer 
answered  '  Yes,'  it  is  his  claim,  and  that  he  was  working  there  on 
purpose  to  affront  said  Taylor;  and  he  wanted  Taylor  to  come  there 
on  purpose  to  quarrel  with  him,  and  give  Taylor  a  thrashing,  and 
would  black  his  eyes  well.'  He  then  told  Bolzer  that  Henry  Taylor 
was  a  civil  man,  and  would  not  light  with  him,  and  'twas  better  to 
let  alone.  Then  Bolzer  said  he  would  go  up  and  let  Yan  Sweringen 
have  it,  for  Yan  was  not  ashamed  of  any  mean  action,  and  he  knew 
Yan  to  be  rogue  enough  to  cheat  Taylor  out  of  the  land." 

Better  than  pages  of  description  this  testimony  of  the  early 
pioneers,  informs  us  of  the  trials  and  hardships  which  the  settlers 
had  to  endure  in  getting  a  foothold  upon  lands  in  this  goodly  country, 
in  the  face  of  disputed  authority  of  the  State,  the  jealousy  of  the  na- 
tives, the  quarrels  of  conflicting  clain;iants,  and  the  lying  and  cheating 
of  dishonest  bullies. 


210  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 


CHAPTER  XIII. 

Treaty  of  1784 — Cumberland  County  8eat  at  Carlisle — Bedford 
County — Pitt  and  Springhill  Townships — Assessments — 
Names  of  Tax  Payers — AVestmoreland  County-  Formed — 
IIannatown  —  Arthur  St.  Clair — Road  Laid  Out  from 
Mouth  of  Fisiipot  run  Eastward^  Imi'ortant  TnoRoucaiFARE 
— Case  of  Elizabeth  Smith — DELF:(iATEs  Assume  all  Au- 
thority Over  the  Colony — Convention  to  Form  a  J\ew 
Governmf:nt — Franklin  President — Committee  of  Safii:ty — 
Governor  John  Penn  Relieved — Ttie  Foundf:r  Remembered 
Gratefully'^ — New  Constitution,  Thomas  Wharton,  Presi- 
dent— Assf:mbly'  Legalized  all  Acts  of  Preceding  Courts 
AND  Provided  f-or  Complii;ting  Unsatisfied  Cases — Reinstated 
Civil  Officers — Tfiread  of  AuTHoRurv  was  Taken  Up  by 
THE  Nf:w  Peoples' Government  Just  as  Dropped  by  that  Act- 
ing Under  Royal  Authority. 

ALL  the  territory  of  Pennsylvania  to  the  north  and  west  of  tlie  line 
of  counties  named  in  the  last  chapter,  as  havinu;  been  acquired 
from  the  Indians  by  the  treaty  of  Fort  Stanwix  of  1768.  still  re- 
mained in  the  hands  of  the  Indians,  over  which  the  government  of 
Pennsylvania  could  exercise  no  jui'isdiction.  All  this  stretch  of 
country,  embracing  a  full  third  of  the  State,  covering  all  the  broad 
northwest,  remained  to  the  Indians  until  after  the  close  of  the  Revo- 
lutionary war,  having  been  finally  acquired  by  the  treaty  of  Fort  Mc- 
Intosli  concluded  in  1781.  No  provision  was  made  for  the  civil  gov- 
ernment of  this  territory,  acquired  by  the  purchase  of  1768,  until 
1771. 

Cliester  was  one  of  the  three  original  counties  formed  from  the 
territory  acquired  from  the  Indians  by  Penn  in  1682,  and  by  subse- 
quent treaties  down  to  1736.  Lancaster  was  formed  from  a  part  of 
Chester  in  1729.  Cumberland  was  apportioned  from  a  part  of  Lan- 
caster in  1750.  Up  to  1771  all  county  business  by  settlers  in  all  the 
western  portion  of  the  State  had  to  be  transacted  at  Carlisle,  the 
present  county  seat  of  Cumberland  County.  For  three  years,  from 
1768  to  1771,  the  inhabitants  of  Greene  County  were  obliged  to  go 
to  Carlisle  foi'  the  transaction  of  any  county  busiuess.  On  the  latter 
date,  March  9th,  the  county  of  Bedford  was   erected  out  of  portions 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUXTY.  211 

of  OuuiberlHiKl,  and  was  made  to  embrace  the  vast  tract  as  described 
in  the  list,  as  beginning  on  the  south  where  the  Province  line  ci'osses 
the  Tuscarora  Mountain,  the  present  eastern  limit  of  Fulton  County, 
and  running  along  the  summit  of  that  mountain  to  the  gap  near  the 
head  of  Path  Valley,  thence  north  to  the  Juniata  River;  thence  with 
the  Juniata  to  the  mouth  of  Shaver's  Creek;  thence  northeast  to  the 
line  of  l>erks  County;  thence  along  the  J>erks  County  line  to  the 
western  boundaries  of  the  Province,  thence  southward  by  the  western 
-boundaries  of  the  Province,  to  the  southwest  corner,  and  thence 
eastward  l)y  the  southern  boundary  of  the  Province  to  the  place  of 
beffinninu:.  As  will  be  seen,  this  countv  organization  embraced  the 
territory  included  in  the  present  County  of  Greene,  and  hence  for  a 
period,  all  county  business  was  done  at  the  town  of  Bedford,  one 
hundred  miles  from  Pittsburg.  Though  now  having  a  legal  county 
organization,  and  full  protection  giiaranteed  by  the  Province  to  all 
its  inlial»itants,  yet  the  dream  seems  to  have  been  indulged  in  by 
many  of  the  early  settlers  that  this  territory  between  the  JMononga- 
hela  and  Ohio  rivers  belonged  to  A^irginia,  and  tliat  its  claim  would 
ultimately  be  vindicated. 

The  first  court  held  at  Bedford,  was  opened  on  the  16lh  of  April, 
1771,  at  which  George  Wilson  reported  as  justice  for  the  south- 
western corner  of  the  State,  whose  home  was  at  the  mouth  of  Georges 
Creek,  Fayette  County.  William  Crawford,  who  was  the  land  agent 
of  George  AVashington,  who  figured  prominently  afterward  in  the 
military  annals  of  the  countiy,  after  whom  the  county  of  Crawford 
was  named,  who  was  inhumanly  burned  by  the  Indians  at  Sandusky, 
and  who  had  previously  figured  as  a  justice  of  Cumberland,  was  also 
a  justice  of  l^edford,  as  was  also  Thomas  Gist,  son  of  Christopher 
Gist,  the  companion  of  Washington  in  his  journey  to  Fort  Le  Boeuf, 
in  1753.  Dorsey  Pentecost,  who  afterwards  was  the  second  presi- 
dent Judge  of  Washington  County,  and  a  member  of  the  first  board 
of  county  commissioners  of  Bedford  County,  was  also  a  justice.  In 
the  division  of  the  new  county  of  Bedford  into  townships,  the  whole 
territory  west  of  the  ALonongahela  River,  now  embracing  the  counties 
of  Greene,  AVashington  and  parts  of  Allegheny  and  Beaver,  was  etn- 
braced  in  two  townships,  Pitt  and  Springhill,  bounded  as  follows: 
"Beginning  at  the  mouth  of  the  Kiskeminitas,  and  running  down 
the  Allegheny  River  to  its  junction  with  the  Monongahela,  then 
down  the  Ohio  to  the  western  limits  of  the  Province,  thence  with  the 
western  boundary  to  the  line  of  Springhill,  thence  with  that  line  to 
the  mouth  of  Redstone  Creek,  thence  down  the  Monongahela  to  the 
mouth  of  Youghiogheny,  thence  with  the  line  of  Ilempfield  to  the 
mouth  of  Brush  Run,  thence  with  the  line  of  said  township  to  the 
beginning."  Springhill:  "Beginning  at  the  mouth  of  Redstone 
Creek,  and  rutmlng  thence  a  due  west  course,   to   the  western  boun- 


212  HISTOKY    OF    GEEEJSTE    COUNTY. 

dary  of  the  Province,  thence  south  with  the  Province  line  to  the 
southern  boundary  of  the  Province,  tlien  east  with  tliat  line  to  where 
it  crosses  the  Youghiogheny  to  Laurel  Plill,  thence  with  tiie  line  of 
Tyrone  to  Gist's,  and  thence  with  that  line  to  the  beginning." 

''  The  official  assessment  rolls,"  says  Crumrine,  in  his  history  of 
Washington  County,  "  for  these  townships  for  1772,  show  that^itt 
Township  had  fifty-two  landhokiers,  twenty  tenants,  and  thirteen 
sincrle  freemen;  Springhill  (which  embraced  Greene  County),  three 
hundred  and  eight  land-holders,  eighty-nine  tenants,  and  fifty-eight 
single  freemen.  *  '"  *  The  assessment  roll  for  1772  of  Spring- 
hill  Township  shows  the  following  names  among  others:  Thomas 
Brown  (Ten-Mile),  Jeremiah  Beek,  (Beck),  William  Brashear,  Will- 
iam Crawford,  (the  Quaker,  afterwards  of  East  Bethlehem),  Josiah 
(jrawford,  Oliver  Ciawford,  John  Casteel,  Henry  Enoch,  John  Gar- 
rard, Jr.,  Zachariah  Goben,  (Gaben),  James  Harrod,  William  Ilarrod, 
Levi  Harrod,  Thomas  Hughes  (Muddy  Creek),  Andrew  Link,  Jacob 
Link,  'It>h.n  Mj,^)i|C;gi  David  Morgan,  John  Masterson,  Daniel  More- 
dock,  JamlesMoredock,  John  Swan,  Robert  Syre,  Al)raham  Teagar- 
den,  George  Teagardeii^Henry  Michael,  Samuel  Eckerly,  John  Huj)p, 
William  Teagarden  and  John  Williams.  Among  the  names  from  the 
Pitt  Township  list  are  Jacob  Bausman,  John  Barr,  John  Campbell, 
Samuel  Heath  and  John  McDonald."  But  the  large  numbers  em- 
braced in  the  tax  list  of  1772,  show  how  rapidly  the  country  filled  up 
when  once  the  way  was  open.  When  we  consider  that  the  right  to 
acquire  land  had  only  existed  for  four  years,  when  this  assessment 
was  made,  we  must  conclude  that  these  lands  had  a  special  charm  for 
the  pioneer. 

Jjut  the  necessity  of  making  a  journey  of  a  hundred  miles,  over 
rugged  mountains,  and  by  roads  that  were  little  more  than  bridle 
paths  through  the  forest,  in  order  to  reach  the  county  seat,  proved 
too  burdensome,  and  after  the  lapse  of  five  years,  February  20, 
1773,  a  new  county  was  organized  on  this  side  of  the  Alleghanies, 
embracing  a  j)art  of  the  original  county  of  Bedford,  and  designated 
Westmoreland.  The  act  of  incorporation  defining  its  legal  limits 
was  in  these  words:  "That  all  and  singular  the  lancls  lying  within 
the  province  of  Pennsylvania,  and  being  within  the  boundaries  fol- 
lowing, that  is  to  say:  beginning  in  the  province  line,  where  the 
most  westerly  branch,  commonly  called  the  South  or  Great  branch  of 
the  Youghioghen}^  River  crosses  the  same;  then  down  the  easterly 
side  of  the  said  branch  and  river  to  the  Laurel  Hill;  thence  along 
the  ridge  of  the  said  hill,  north-eastward  so  far  as  it  can  ]>e  traced,  or 
till  it  runs  into  the  Alleghany  Hill;  thence,  along  the  ridge  dividing 
the  waters  of  Susquehanna  and  the  Allegheny  rivers  to  the  purchase 
line,  at  the  head  of  the  Susquehanna,  thence  due  west  to  the  limits 
of  the  province  and  by  the  same  to  the  place  of  beginning;  shall  be, 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNT V.  213 

and  the  same  is  hereby  declared  to  be,  erected  into  a  count)^,  hence- 
forth to   be  called   Westmoreland." 

It  will  be  seen  by  reference  to  any  map  of  this  part  of  the  State, 
that  the  northern  boundary  "  to  the  purchase  line  at  the  head  of 
Susquehanna,  thence  due  west  to  the  limits  of  the  province,"  em- 
bi-aces  a  considerable  territory  n<irth  of  the  Allet^heny  and  Ohio 
rivers  which  had  not  yet  been  acc^nired  by  pnrchase  of  the  Indians, 
the  Fort  Stanwix  purchase  being  contined  to  lands  east  and  south,  or 
the  left  bank  of  these  streams.  But  it  is  probable  tliat  this  stretch 
of  legal  authority  was  made  to  accommodate  persons  who  had  iixed 
their  eyes  on  some  delectable  spots  on  the  right  bank,  as  b>r  example 
Allegheny  City. 

"Iiy  the  provisions  of  the  organic  act,"  quoting  Crnmrine,  "'the 
courts  of  Westmoreland  County  were  to  be  held  at  the  house  of 
Ilobert  Ilanna,  until  the  Court  House  shall  be  built.'"  Robert  Ilaniui, 
one  of  the  early  pioneers  in  these  then  western  wilds,  had  seated 
himself  at  a  point  near  the  site  of  Greensburg,  the  county  seat 
of  the  present  county  of  Westmoreland.  Here  he  had  opened  a  house 
for  public  entertainment,  and  around  him  had  gathered  the  cabins  of 
a  number  of  the  hardy  settlers,  the  whole  taking  the  pretentious 
name  of  Ilanna's  Town.  This  point  was  on  the  line  of  the  new 
road  opened  l)y  General  Forbes  in  his  expedition  to  Fort  Pitt  in  1758. 
and  is  on  the  line  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad. 

The  courts  were  held  here  for  a  number  of  years,  and  hence,  it  Ije- 
came  a  place  of  consideral)le  importance,  figuring  extensively  in  the 
contentions  that  ensued  to  State  authority  over  this  territory.  The 
commissions  issued  to  justices  of  the  peace  for  this  county  embraced 
many  names  that  became  prominent  in  the  future  history  of  the 
State  and  the  nation:  Arthur  St.  Clair,  afterwards  a  prominent 
Major-General  in  the  American  army  under  Washington,  and  the 
leader  of  the  unfortunate  expedition  against  the  Indians  in  1789; 
William  Crawford,  the  land  agent  of  Washington,  and  the  leader  of 
an  expedition  against  the  western  Indians;  Alexander  McClean,  who 
completed  the  survey  of  Mason  and  Dixon's  line;  Alexander  McKee, 
Robert  Ilanna,  William  Louchry,  George  Wilson,  Eneas  Mackay, 
Joseph  Spear  and  James  Caveat.  In  the  following  year,  when  the 
integrity  of  Pennsylvania  territory  was  threatened  by  the  encroach- 
ments of  Virginia,  led  by  Dr.  Connolly,  additional  justices  were 
commissioned,  among  whom  were  Alexander  Ross,  Van  Swearingen. 
who  lived  just  opposite  Gi'eentield,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Mononga- 
hela  River,  and  who  became  the  first  sheriff  of  Washington  County, 
then  embracing  Greene;  Andrew  MacFarlane,  Oliver  Miller,  and 
subsequently,  in  1777,  Edward  Cook  and  James  Marshel.  William 
Crawford,  having  been  first  commissioned,  was  the  presiding  justice. 

The  machinery  of  legal   business  for  the  new  county  was   set  in 


214  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

motion  with  very  little  ceremony,  as  the  following-  record  of  the  Pro- 
vincial Council  for  February  27,  1773,  abundantly  shows:  "A  law 
having  passed  yesterday  for  the  erecting  a  part  of  the  county  of  Bed- 
ford into  a  separate  county,  called  Westmoreland,  and  Arthur  St. 
Clair,  Esq.,  the  pi'esent  protlionotary,  &c.,  of  Bedford,  having  re- 
quested the  Governor  to  grant  him  the  ottices  in  the  new  county,  in 
lieu  of  those  he  now  holds  in  Bedford  county.  His  Honor  this  day 
was  pleased  to  appoint  him  to  the  several  offices  following,  in  the 
said  county  of  Westmoreland,  by  three  separate  commissions,  under 
the  great  seal  of  the  Province,  viz:  Protlionotary,  or  principal  clerk 
of  the  county  court  of  Common  pleas.  Clerk,  or  Register  of  the  Or- 
phans' Court,  and  Pecorder  of  Deeds." 

St.  Clair  thus  became  a  sort  of  fac  totum,  of  the  new  courts. 
Having  served  in  a  similar  capacity  in  Bedford  County,  he  was  well 
fitted  to  discharge  the  duties,  and  set  the  wheels  of  government  in 
motion.  He  seems  to  have  been  a  man  of  talent  and  something  of 
a  scholar.  He  was  a  Scotchman  by  birth,  was  educated  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Edinburgh,  studied  medicine  with  the  celebrated  William 
Hunter,  of  London,  entered  the  military  service  in  the  Royal  Amer- 
ican regiment  of  foot,  the  Sixtieth  of  the  line,  came  to  this  country' 
with  Admiral  Boscawen  and  served  under  (ren.  Amherst.  He  was 
with  Wolfe  at  the  reduction  of  Quebec  on  the  plains  of  Abraham. 
In  1762  he  resigned  his  commission  in  the  I>ritish  army,  and  settled 
first  in  Bedford,  and  later  in  the  Ligonier  valley.  In  1770  he  was 
appointed  Surveyor  of  Cuml)erland  County,  was  commissioned  a 
justice  of  the  coni-ts,  and  was  sent  a  member  of  the  Supreme  Execu- 
tive Council.  In  the  conflict  between  Virginia  and  Pennsylvania 
he  ardently  espoused  the  Pennsylvania  side.  At  the  breaking  out  of 
the  Pevolutionary  war  he  entered  the  service,  rose  to  the  rank  of  a 
Major-General  in  the  Continental  army,  and  became  the  intimate 
friend  and  adviser  of  Washington.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he  was 
made  a  member  of  the  Council  of  Censors,  served  in  tlie  Continental 
Congress  from  1785  to  1787,  and  in  the  latter  year  Avas  made  presi- 
dent of  that  august  body.  He  was  appointed  Governor  of  the  North- 
western territory  in  1788,  and  two  years  later  fixed  the  seat  of 
government  of  the  territory  at  the  point  where  Cincinnati  now  is, 
which  name  he  gave  to  the  place  in  honor  of  that  order  of  ol4  soldiers 
styled  the  Society  of  the  Cincinnati,  of  whicli  he  Avas  president  over 
the  Pennsylvania  chapter  from  1783  to  1789.  In  an  engagement 
with  tUe  Indians  on  the  Wabash  he  was  badly  defeated  in  1791.  In 
1802,  upon  tlie  admission  of  Ohio  as  a  State  into  the  Union,  he  de- 
clined election  as  Governor  and  retired  to  a  log  cabin  in  the  Chest- 
nut Ridp-e  in  Westmoreland  County,  ruined  in  fortune.  He  made 
unsuccessful  application  to  Congress  for  certain  claims  due  him,  and 


^ay^/iAA^J^   ^^^<^^^j^ 


rv-iy 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  217 

finally  died  in  poverty,  on  the  81st  of  August,  1818,  aged   eighty- 
four  years. 

At  the  first  session  of  the  Court  of  Quarter  Sessions  held  in  tlie 
newly  erected  county  of  Westmoreland  at  the  house  of  Robert  Hanna, 
Judge  William  Crawford  presiding,  an  act  was  passed  dividing  the 
county  into  townships,  by  which  the  two  townships  of  Pitt  and 
Springhill  retained  the  same  boundaries  as  those  previously  quoted. 
Upon  the  petition  of  inhabitants  of  Springhill  Township,  which 
embraced  Greene  County,  the  court  appointed  the  following  named 
persons,  John  Moore,  Thomas  Scott,  Henry  I3eason,  Thomas  Brown- 
held,  James  McClean  and  Phillip  Shute  viewers  to  lay  out  a  road: 
"  To  begin  at  or  near  the  mouth  of  a  run,  known  by  the  name  of 
Fish  Pot  Hun,  about  two  miles  below  the  mouth  of  Ten  Mile  Creek, 
on  the  west  side  of  the  Monongahela  lliver,  (it  being  a  convenient 
place  for  a  ferry,  as  also  a  good  direction  for  a  leading  road  to  the 
most  western  parts  of  the  settlements),  thence  the  nearest  and  best 
way  to  the  forks  of  Dunlap's  path,  and  General  Braddock's  road  on 
the  top  of  Laurel  Hill." 

This  road,  thus  early  authorized  to  be  laid  out  and  constructed, 
became  a  very  important  thoroughfare  to  the  West.  A  strong  cur- 
rent of  emigration  was  setting  from  the  east  to  the  Ohio  country, 
and  this  was  the  nearest  and  best  overland  course,  whether  by  the 
Braddock  (the  Virginia)  or  the  Forbes  (the  Pennsylvania)  military 
roads,  and  was  long  traveled  by  settlers  seeking  the  Western  country. 
Though  early  opened,  and  probably  by  a  route  judiciously  selected, 
it  was  undoubtedly  a  very  rough  thoroughfare,  especially  in  early 
spring-time  when  farmers  were  hurrying  forward  to  commence  the 
season's  work,  Jolm  S.  Williams,  in  the  Americari  Pioneer,  as 
quoted  by  Crumrine,  describes  the  trip  of  his  family  from  jSTorth 
Carolina  to  Marietta  in  1802:  "The  mountain  roads,  if  roads  they 
could  be  called,  for  pack-horses  were  still  on  them,  were  of  the  most 
dangerous  and  difficult  character.  I  have  heard  an  old  mountain 
tavern-keeper  say  that,  although  the  taverns  were  less  than  two  miles 
apart  in  years  after  we  came,  he  has  known  many  emigrant  families 
that  stopped  a  night  at  every  tavern  on  the  mountains." 

The  records  of  tlie  county  court  for  the  succeeding  three  years 
show  a  number  of  roads  were  laid  out  in  the  townships  of  Pitt 
and  Springhill,  a  few  cases  of  larceny,  of  I'iot,'  of  misdemeanor,  a 
number  of  cases  against  the  noted  Baltzer  Shillino^,  and  in  the  vear 
1775  that  Elizabeth  Smith  was  arraigned  for  felony,  for  which  offence 
she  plead  guilty  and  received  the  following  sentence  of  the  court: 
"  Judgment  that  the  said  Elizabeth  Smith  be  taken  this  afternoon, 
being  the  lllh  instant,  between  the  hours  of  three  and  five,  and  there 
to  receive  fifteen  lashes  on  her  bare  back  well  laid  on;  that  she  pay 
a  fine  of  eighteen  shillings  and  five  pence  to  his  Honor  the  Governor; 
11 


218  HISTOEY    OF    GREENP]    COUNTY. 

that  she  make  restitution  of  the  goods  stolen;  that  she  pay  tlie  costs 
of  prosecution  and  stand  committed  till  complied  with." 

In  April,  1776,  the  county  court  was  held  for  the  last  time  under 
the  authority  of  the  King.  The  Revolution  had  now  been  fairly 
inaugurated,  and  there  were  no  further  sessions  held  until  January 
6,  1778,  when  the  supreme  authority  of  the  Continental  Congress 
was  recognized. 

On  the  23d  of  January,  1775,  a  convention  of  delegates  from  the 
several  counties  of  the  Province  met  at  Philadelphia,  in  which  resolu- 
tions were  passed  expressing  a  strong  desire  that  the  ancient  harmony 
might  be  restored  between  the  King  and  the  colonies;  but  if  the 
attempt  should  be  made  to  force  the  colonies  to  submission  then 
we  hold  it  our  indispensable  duty  to  resist  such  force,  and  at  every 
hazard  to  defend  the  rights  and  liberties  of  America.  Recognizing 
the  dependent  condition  of  the  colonies  upon  the  mother  country  for 
cloths  and  military  supplies  the  people  were  recommended  "  on  no 
account  to  sell  to  the  butchers  or  kill  for  tlie  market  any  sheep  under 
four  years  old.  And  where  there  is  a  necessity  for  using  any  mutton 
in  their  families,  it  is  recommended  to  them  to  kill  such  as  are  the 
least  profitable  to  keep."  It  was  also  recommended  to  cultivate 
hemp,  and  engage  in  the  manufacture  of  madder,  saltpetre  and  gun 
powder,  and  a  large  number  of  articles  of  prime  necessity  in  building 
and  in  housekeeping,  which  had  previously  been  imported.  The 
convention  adjourned  subject  to  the  call  of  the  Philadelphia  dele- 
gates, who  were  constituted  a  committee  of  safety. 

By  a  resolution  of  the  Continental  Congress  of  the  15th  of  May, 
1776,  it  was  recommended  that  all  dependence  upon  the  government 
of  Great  Britain  cease,  and  that  such  governments  in  the  several 
colonies  be  adopted,  as  the  exigencies  of  the  situation  demanded. 
Accordingly,  delegates  from  the  several  counties  assembled  on  the 
18th  of  June,  1776,  in  Carpenter's  Hall,  Philadelphia,  Edward  Cook 
and  James  Perry  representing  Westmoreland  County,  and  proceeded 
to  "  Resoloe,  1.  That  tlie  said  resolution  of  Congress  of  the  15th  of 
May  last  is  fully  approved  by  this  conference.  2.  That  the  present 
government  of  this  province  is  not  competent  to  the  exigences  of  our 
affairs.  3.  That  it  is  necessary  that  a  provincial  convention  be  called 
by  this  conference  iov  the  express  purpose  of  forming  a  new  govern- 
ment." Jt  then  made  provision  for  the  electing  of  delegates  to  such 
convention,  fixing  eight  as  the  number  to  be  sent  up  from  each 
county,  and  the  qualifications  of  electors.  As  the  payment  of  a  tax 
within  one  year  was  one  of  the  qualifications,  and  as  AYestmoreland 
had  been  exempted  by  law  from  the  paying  of  any  tax  for  the  space 
of  three  years,  the  electors  of  this  county  were  exempted  from  the 
operation  of  this  item  of  qualification.  When  all  the  qualifications 
of  members  to  be  elected  and  electors  were   settled,  the  convention 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  219 

proceeded  to  divide  the  counties  into  election  districts,  lix  the  place 
of  holding  elections,  and  appoint  judges  of  elections.  The  county 
of  Westmoreland  was  divided  into  two  election  districts,  the  lirst  all 
the  territory  north  of  the  Youghioorhany,  with  voting  place  at  Han- 
na's  Town,  and  the  second  all  to  the  south  of  that  stream  and  voting 
place  at  Spark's  Fort,  now  Ferry  Township,  Fayette  County.  James 
Barr,  John  Moore  and  Clement  McGeary  were  appointed  as  election 
officers  for  the  northern  district,  and  George  Wilson,  John  Kile  and 
Robert  McConnel  for  the  southern.  The  day  fixed  for  holding  these 
elections  was  the  8th  of  July,  1776,  just  four  days  after  the  passage 
of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  by  the  Continental  Congress. 
As  the  news  traveled  very  tardily  in  those  days,  the  probability  is 
that  the  people  of  Westmoreland  County  had  not  heard  of  it  when 
the  election  was  held.  The  eight  members  elected  to  the  Provincial 
Convention  were  John  Carmichael,  Edward  Cook,  James  Barr,  John 
Moor,  James  Smith,  John  McClellan,  Christopher  Lavingair  and 
James  Perry. 

Heretofore  the  primal  source  of  authority  in  the  government  had 
been  the  King  of  Great  Britain;  now  it  was  to  emanate  from  the 
people,  and  these  back-woodsmen,  eight  from  each  county,  were  to 
try  their  hands  in  the  great  experiment  of  self-government — "a 
government  of  the  people,  by  the  people  and  for  the  people." 

The  convention  thus  chosen  met  in  Philadelphia  on  the  15th  of 
July,  1776.  As  the  members  were  separately  to  make  oath  on  being 
qualified  to  a  renunciation  of  all  allegiance  to  King  George  III.,  and 
as  they  in  their  representative  capacity  spoke  for  all  their  constituents, 
it  is  evident  that  by  that  act  the  whole  legal  and  governmental  ma- 
chinery of  the  Province  was  at  an  end.  There  was  no  King  supreme 
over  all,  no  proprietarj^  no  council,  no  judges,  justices,  sheriff's, 
constables,  in  short  no  provincial,  county  or  township  officers,  but 
all  was  theoretically  in  a  state  of  nature.  But  the  moment  this  con- 
vention was  organized  it  proceeded  to  take  up  the  wand  of  authority 
which  had  been  dropped.  The  convention  thus  constituted  was 
organized  by  the  election  of  Bt^njamin  Franklin,  president,  and  on 
the  24th  of  July  elected  what  was  designated  a  Council  of  Safety, 
composed  of  twenty-five  members,  to  which  was  assigned  the  execu- 
tive department  of  the  government — the  duties  of  King  and  Gov- 
ernor. Of  this  council  Thomas  Rittenhouse  was  chosen  chairman, 
and  Jacob  S.  Howell  secretary.  By  this  act  the  proprietary 
government  was  entirely  superceded.  It  may  here  be  observed 
that  John  Penn,  who  had  been  appointed  Governor  in  August, 
1773,  was  the  son  of  Richard,  the  second  of  the  three  sons 
of  William  Penn,  viz:  John,  Richard  and  Thomas.  At  the 
time  of  his  appointment  as  Governor,  his  father  was  proprietor  of 
one-third  of  the  Province,  and  his  uncle,  Thomas,  two-thirds,  the  latter 


220  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

having  inherited  the  share  of  his  elder  brother,  John,  who  died  in 
1746.  By  the  assumption  of  power  by  the  Council  of  Safety  the 
vast  proprietary  estates  of  the  Penns  reverted,  amounting,  as  is 
shown  by  an  estimate  commenced  by  Thomas  Penn  and  completed 
by  Franklin,  to  ten  millions  of  pounds  sterling,  or  $50,000,000.  But 
the  new  government  was  not  disposed  to  deal  harshly  by  the  pro- 
prietors; for,  by  an  act  of  November  27,  1779,  for  vesting  these 
estates  in  the  Commonwealth,  there  was  reserved  to  the  proprietors, 
all  their  private  estates,  including  the  tenths  of  manors  and  they 
were  granted  one  hundred  and  thirty  pounds  sterling  "in  remem- 
brance of  the  enterprising  spirit  of  the  Founder,"  and  "of  the  ex- 
pectations and  dependence  of  his  descendants.''  Parliament  in  1790, 
on  account  of  the  inability  of  the  British  (Tovernment  to  vindicate 
the  authority  of  the  Proprietors  as  decided  in  the  result  of  the  Ilevo- 
lutionary  struggle,  and  "in  consideration  of  the  meritorious  services 
of  the  said  William  Penn,  and  of  the  losses  which  his  family  have 
sustained,"  voted  an  annuity  of  four  thousand  pounds  per  annum  to 
his  heirs  and  descendants.  This  annuity  has  been  regularly  paid  to 
the  present  time,  1888. 

On  the  6tli  of  August,  tlie  Council  of  Safety  was  organized  by  the 
election  of  Thomas  Wharton,  Jr.,  president,  which  office  was  equiva- 
lent to  that  of  Governor.  A  new  constitution  was  framed  and  linally 
adopted  on  the  2Stli  of  September  unanimously,  taking  eftect  from 
the  date  of  its  passage.  It  provided  for  an  annual  Assembly,  and 
for  a  Supreme  Executive  Council,  to  be  composed  of  twelve  members 
elected  for  a  term  of  three  years.  Members  ot  Congress  were  chosen 
by  the  Assembly.  Assemblymen  were  eligible  for  four  years  in 
seven,  and  councilmen  but  one  term  in  seven  years.  This  constitu- 
tion could  not  be  changed  for  a  period  of  seven  years.  At  the  end 
of  that  time  a  board  of  censors  were  to  determine  whether  or  not 
there  was  need  of  change.  If  such  need  existed  they  were  em- 
powered to  convene  a  new  convention  for  tliat  purpose. 

The  Assembly  which  convened  in  January,  1777,  passed  an  act 
early  in  the  session  providing  that  "each  and  every  one  of  the  laws 
or  acts  of  General  Assembly  that  were  in  force  and  binding  on  the 
inhabitants  of  the  said  province  on  the  14th  day  of  May  last  shall  be 
in  force  and  binding  on  the  inhabitants  of  this  State,  tVoni  and  after 
the  10th  of  February  next,  as  fully  and  effectually  to  all  intents  and 
purposes,  as  if  the  said  laws,  and  each  of  them,  had  been  made  and 
enacted  by  this  General  Assembly;  and  all  and  every  person  and 
persons  whosoever  are  hereby  enjoined  and  required  to  yield  obedi- 
ence to  the  said  laws,  as  the  case  may  require,  *  *  •»  and  the 
common  law  and  such  of  the  statute  laws  of  England  as  have  hereto- 
fore been  in  force  in  the  province,  except  as  is  hereafter  excepted." 
This  act  of  the  Legislature  revived  the  operation  of  the  former  laws 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  221 

ill  the  province  as  completely  as  though  each  one  had  formally  been 
re-enacted.  It  was  also  enacted  that  all  the  several  courts  held  in 
the  State  should  continue  to  be  held  at  the  times  and  with  the  same 
formality  as  before,  "  and  every  othcer  of  all  and  every  of  the  courts 
of  this  State  that  is  or  shall  be  appointed  shall  have,  use,  and  exercise 
the  same  or  like  powers  that  such  officer  or  officers  of  the  same  title, 
character  and  distinction  might,  could  or  ought  to  have  had,  used 
and  exercised  under  the  charter  and  laws  of  Pennsylvania,  until  dis- 
placed. And  all  constables,  overseers  of  the  poor,  supervisors  of  the 
highways,  and  the  wardens  and  street  commissioners  of  the  city  of 
Philadelphia  that  were  last  appointed  or  elected  in  the  said  province 
are  hereby  authorized  and  strictly  enjoined,  and  required  to  exercise 
their  several  and  respective  powers,  and  execute,  do  and  perform  all 
the  business  and  duties  of  their  several  and  respective  offices  until 
others  are  appointed." 

It  was  also  further  provided  "that  every  action  that  was  in  any 
court  in  the  province  of  Pennsylvania,  at  the  last  term  the  said  court 
was  held,  except  discontinued  or  satisfied,  shall  be  and  is  hereby 
declared  to  be  in  the  same  state,  and  on  the  same  rule,  and  may  be 
prosecuted  in  the  same  manner  in  the  courts  in  each  respective 
county,  to  be  hereafter  held  and  kept,  as  if  the  authority  of  such 
court  had  never  ceased;  and  if  any  recognisance  has  been  taken  and 
not  returned  and  prosecuted  as  the  laws  direct,  saving  the  style;  and 
where  any  person  had  obtained  a  judgment  before  any  justice  of  the 
peace  for  any  debt  or  sum  of  money,  and  such  judgment  not  dis- 
charged, the  person  in  whose  favor  the  judgment  is,  may  (on  produc- 
ing a  transcript  of  such  judgment  to  any  justice  of  the  peace  in  the 
county  where  the  defendant  dwells  or  can  be  found)  demand  and 
obtain  an  execution  for  the  money  mentioned  in  such  judgment, 
which  shall  be  of  the  same  force  and  effect  as  if  the  judgment  was 
obtained  before  the  justice  that  granted  the  execution." 

Thus  the  thread  of  authority  was  taken  up  by  the  new  peoples' 
government,  where  the  King's  and  the  Proprietor's  government  had 
dropped  it,  by  that  notable  act  of  the  Continental  Congress  assem- 
bled in  Carpenter's  Hall.  Philadelphia,  on  the  ever  memorable  -tth  of 
July,  1776,  entitled  the  Declaration  of  American  Independence. 


222  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 


CHAPTER  XIV. 

Subjects  of  Contention — Allegiance  on  the  Delaware  ok  on  the 
James — LarCtEly  Settled  by  Virginians  and  Marylanders — 
"  West  and  Northwest  "- — Settlers  Innocent- — AV^kit  of  Qro 
Warranto— King's  Proclamation — Virginia  Only  a  Hoyal 
Colony — Mason  and  Dixon's  Line  Continued — Walpole 
Grant  Covered  an  Empire — Correspondence  of  Governors — 
Fry  had  Ascertained  Latitude  of  Logstown — Build  a  Fort — 
Propose  Commissioners — Civil  Commotion — Wilson's  Letter 
— Settlers  Oppose  Penn's  Laws  and  Ask  for  a  Virginia 
Court — Material  of  Fort  Pitt  Sold — Governor  Dunmore — 
Connolly's  Proclamatio  n — Connolly  Arrested  —  Sheriff 
Proctor  Arrested — Corrp:spondence  of  Governors — Formal 
Notice  of  Penn- — Connolly  Comes  With  a  Detachment  of 
Militia — His  Position — Court's  Answer — Connolly  Arrests 
Justices — Letter  of  Mackay  Tilchiman  and  Allen  Sent  to 
Virginia — Dunmore  Arbitrary — Penn  Counseled  Peace — 
Claims  Complicate- — Dunmore's  War  —  Needless  —  Logan's 
Revenge  on  Ten  Mile  Creek — Settlers  Flee — A  rmies  of  Lew^is 
AND  Dunmore — Proclamation  of  Dunmore — Penn's  Counter 
Proclamation — Virginia  Court  at  Pittsburg — Arrests  and 
C(^UNTER — Lexington  and  Concord — Patriotism — Advice  of 
Congressmen — Fate  of  Connolly. 

BUT  the  early  inhabitants  of  the  southwestern  corner  of  the  State 
scarcely  had  one  subject  of  contention  settled  before  another 
arose.  Aside  from  the  great  impediments  to  settlement  encountered 
in  the  rugged  and  mountainous  country  to  be  passed  in  reaching  it, 
and  its  great  distance  from  the  abodes  of  civilization,  the  emigrants 
had  to  meet  the  counter  claims  of  the  English  and  the  French  to 
this  whole  Mississippi  Valley,  which  was  fought  out  on  this  ground; 
then,  the  hostility  of  the  Indians  in  asserting  their  claims  to  this 
territory,  which  resulted  in  the  conspiracy  of  Pontiac,  likewise  con- 
tended for  Avith  great  bitterness  in  this  valley,  and  finally  settled  by 
victories  gained  on  this  ground;  then  the  lack  of  right  to  settle  all 
this  stretch  of  country  not  yet  having  been  acquired  from  the  In- 
dians, and  the  jeopardy  of  their  necks  as  the  penalty  of 
the    new  law    unless    they    quickly    removed   from    their    homes, 


IIISTOFiY    OF    GItEEXE    COUNT Y.  223 

and  gave  up  their  lands;  again  were  they  in  tribulation 
in  securing  legal  rights  by  reason  of  the  great  distance  of  the 
county  seat  from  their  homes;  and  scarcely  was  this  concluded  and 
the  court  of  record  and  of  justice  secured  within  reasonable  distance, 
when  the  Kev^olution  came,  and  although  the  transfer  of  authority 
was  reasonably  speedy,  from  the  crown  to  tlie  people;  yet  for  eight 
long  and  troublous  years  the  question  was  in  doubt,  whether  the  new 
government  would  be  successfully  vindicated,  or  the  colonies  would 
be  compelled  to  go  back  under  the  government  of  the  King  of 
Britain;  and  now,  as  if  their  cup  of  adversity  was  not  yet  full,  there 
came  another  which  threatened  to  be  more  bitter  and  deadly  than 
all  the  others  viz:  whether  they  owed  allegiance  to  Pennsylvania,  or 
Virginia;  whether  they  should  secure  the  patents  to  their  lands  and 
pay  for  them  at  the  capital  on  the  Delaware,  or  at  that  on  the  James. 

It  doubtless  seems  strange  to  the  present  generation,  when  the 
well  defined  limits  of  our  good  old  Commonwealth  are  examined,  as 
shown  by  any  well  drawn  map  of  tlie  State,  how  any  such  controversy 
could  ever  have  occurred.  And  it  will  seem  even  more  wonderful 
when  the  precise  and  explicit  words  of  King  Charles'  charter  to 
William  Penn  are  carefully  read.  But  such  a  controversy  did  actual- 
ly occur,  which  threatened  at  one  time  to  bring  on  a  conflict  of  arms 
and  to  interfere  with  the  pacific  and  friendly  relations  of  the  two  great 
Commonwealths.  As  Greene  County  Avas  in  the  very  heart  o^  the 
disputed  territory,  and  the  point  where  Alason  and  Dixon's  line  was 
interrupted,  at  the  crossing  of  Dunkard  Creek,  near  the  old  Indian 
war-path,  was  the  scene  of  threatened  hostilities,  its  history  would  be 
incomplete  v.ithout  a  brief  account  of  it. 

There  can  be  no  question  but  that  this  whole  Monongahela  countrj' 
was  originally  settled  by  emigrants  largely  from  Virginia  and  Mary- 
land. Nor  can  there  be  any  doubt  but  that  the  authorities  of  Vir- 
ginia honestly  entertained  the  belief  that  this  country  was  embraced 
in  the  chartered  limits  of  that  colony.  Hence,  when  the  Ohio  Com- 
pany was  chartered  and  was  authorized  to  take  up  a  half  million  of 
acres  in  this  valley,  in  which  the  Washingtons  were  largely  con- 
cerned, it  is  apparent  that  the  company  put  implicit  confidence 
in  the  right  of  Virginia  to  grant  these  lands,  or  they  certainly 
would  never  have  invested  their  money  in  the  enterprise  and  induced 
pioneers  to  go  with  their  families  and  settle  upon  them.  Hence, 
the  original  settlers  could  have  had  no  question  but  that  their  true  alle- 
giance was  due  to  Virginia,  from  whose  constituted  authorities  they 
received  their  conveyances  and  paid  their  fees.  Having  therefore 
innocently  made  their  settlement  under  Virginia  law,  it  is  not  strange 
that  they  clung  v/ith  great  tenacity  to  citizenship  in  that  Common- 
wealth. 

But  by  what   right  did   Virginia  claim  this  territory?      As  we 


224  HISTORY    OB'    GKEEJ^JE    COi:XTY. 

have  already  seen  Queen  Elizabeth,  in  1583,  a  linndred  years  before 
the  tinieof  Penn,  granted  to  Sir  Walter  Raleigh  an  indefinite  stretch 
of  country  in  America  which  practically  embraced  the  whole  con- 
tinent, to  whicli  he  gave  the  name  Virginia,  in  honor  of  the  virgin 
Qneen,  that  portion  to  the  south  of  the  mouth  of  the  Chesapeake 
receiving  the  title  of  South  Virginia,  and  that  to  the  north  of  it 
North  Virginia.  Raleigh  spent  a  vast  fortune,  and  impoverished 
himself  in  attempts  to  colonize  the  country;  but  all  in  vain,  and 
the  title  lapsed.  In  1606,  James  I,  who  had  succeeded  Elizabeth, 
granted  charters  to  the  Plymouth  Company,  who  were  to  have  the 
territory  to  the  north,  and  the  London,  or  Virginia  Company,  to  the 
south;  but  the  boundaries  seem  to  have  been  drawn  indelinitely,  the 
two  grants  overlaping  each  other  by  three  degrees  of  latitude.  In 
1609,  the  London  Company  secured  from  the  King  a  new  grant  in 
this  most  I'emarkable  language,  probably  never  before  nor  since 
equalled  for  indefiniteness:  "All  those  lands,  countries,  and  terri- . 
tories  situate,  lying  and  being  in  that  part  of  America  called  Vir- 
ginia, from  the  point  of  land  called  cape  or  point  of  Comfort,  all 
along  the  sea-coast  northward  two  hundred  miles,  and  from  the  same 
point  or  Cape  Comfort  all  along  the  sea- coast  to  the  southward  two 
hundred  miles;  and  all  that  space  and  circuit  of  lands  lying  from  tlie 
sea-coast  of  the  precinct  aforesaid  up  into  the  land  throughout  from 
sea  to  sea  w'est  and  northwest;  and  also  the  islands  lying  within 
one  hundred  miles  along  the  coast  of  both  seas  of  the  precinct  afore- 
said." 

On  this  wonderful  piece  of  scrivener  work,  which  no  doubt  taxed  the 
becit  legal  acumen  of  all  England,  in  its  composition,  the  autliorities  of 
Virginia  hung  all  their  claims  to  w"estern  Pennsylvania  and  the  entire 
Northwest  territory, — that  fatal  expression,  "all  that  space  and  circuit 
of  lands  lying  from  the  seacoast  of  the  precinct  aforesaid  up  into 
the  land  throughout  from  sea  to  sea,  west  and  northwest."  It  does 
not  say  due  west  from  the  extremities  of  the  four  hundred  mile  coast 
line  from  sea  to  sea,  which  would  have  been  intelligible,  though  pre- 
posterous, but  it  was  to  be  "  from  sea  to  sea  west  and  northwest." 
This  word  northwest  could  not  have  meant  to  apply  to  the  tM'o  ex- 
tremities of  the  coast  line,  for  in  that  case  it  would  have  formed  a 
parallelogram  having  the  coast  line  fixed  on  the  Atlantic  and  an  equal 
coast  line  somewhere  in  Alaska  on  the  Pacific  and  the  frozen  ocean. 
If  it  meant  that  the  southern  boundary  should  be  a  due  west  line 
from  the  southern  extremity,  and  the  northern  boundary  should  be  a 
line  drawn  due  northwest  from  the  northern  extremity  of  the  Atlantic 
coast  line,  then  the  limits  of  Virginia  would  have  embraced  nearly 
the  whole  boundless  continent,  as  the  coast  line  of  four  hundred 
miles  would  have  embraced  more  than  six  degrees  of  latitude,  from 
the  34'^  to  the  40°,  reaching  from  some  point  within  South  Carolina 


^\J^^. 


^rn 


/ 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  227 

tu  the  central  part  of  the  shore  of  New  Jersey,  and  the  due  northwest 
line  would  have  swallowed  Philadelphia,  two-thirds  of  Pennsylvania, 
a  i)art  of  New  York,  all  tlie  great  lakes  except  Ontario,  and  would 
have  emerged  somewhere  in  the  Arctic  Ocean.  It  may  seem  strange 
that  the  sober  minded  nien  who  held  the  reins  of  government  in  Vir- 
ginia should  have  set  up  so  preposterous  a  claim.  P>ut  if  this  claim 
was  good  for  anything,  and  there  seems  to  have  been  no  other 
autliority  upon  which  it  was  based,  save  the  above  quoted  grant  of 
1609,  why  were  not  Maryland  and  DelaM'are,  the  half  of  New  Jersey 
and  nearly  the  wdiole  of  Pennsylvania  claimed  at  once?  For  this 
grant  of  1609  antedated  that  of  Maryland,  and  was  made  before  the 
foot  of  a  white  man  had  ever  pressed  Pennsylvania  soil.  This  ex- 
travagant claim  was  not  vindicated  when  the  colonies  to  the  north 
of  it  had  become  seated.  But  now,  after  it  had  been  pushed  down 
on  the  sea-shore  from  more  than  two-thirds  of  its  northern  claim — 
having  left  scarcelj'^  fifty  miles  above  Point  Comfort  instead  of  two 
hundred — by  the  grants  to  Maryland  and  Pennsylvania,  and  been 
limited  to  the  right  bank  of  the  Potomac,  it  now  proposes  to  com- 
mence that  northwest  line  at  the  head-waters  of  the  Potomac  instead 
of  at  the  coast-line. 

'But  this  whole  extravagant  claim  was  settled  before  either  Lord 
Baltimore  or  Penn  had  received  their  charters.  On  the  10th  of 
November,  1623,  a  writ  of  quo  warranto  was  issued  against  the 
treasurer  of  the  Loudon  Company.  The  grounds  of  this  action  were 
the  irreguhirities  in  the  government  of  the  colony,  which  had  in- 
vited the  hostility  of  the  Indians,  resulting  in  massacres  and  burn- 
ings, which  came  near  the  utter  destruction  of  the  settlement,  whereby 
the  stockholders  of  the  Company  in  London  saw  their  investments 
being  annihilated.  The  party  of  Virginia  made  defence;  but  upon  the 
report  of  a  committee  sent  out  by  the  King  to  make  examination  of 
the  Company's  affairs,  the  King's  resolution  was  taken,  and  at  the 
Trinity  term  of  1624,  June,  "judgment  was  given  against  the  Com- 
pany and  the  patents  were  cancelled."  "  Before  the  end  of  the  same 
term"  says  the  record,  "  a  judgment  was  declared  by  the  Lord 
Chief  Justice  Ley,  against  the  Company  and  their  charter,  only  upon 
a  failure  or  a  mistake  in  pleading."  The  decree  may  not  have  been 
just,  as  disturbing  vested  rights;  yet  it  was  nevertheless  law  and  the 
Company  was  obliged  to  bow.  The  matter  was  brought  before  Par- 
liament; but  public  sentiment  was  against  the  Company,  and  the 
application  came  to  nothing.  Henceforward  the  Virginia  settlement 
became  a  royal  colony,  subject  to  the  will  of  the  monarch. 

Soon  after  the  conclusion  of  the  war  with  France,  by  wdiich  that 
nation  was  dispossessed  of  the  Mississippi  Valley  and  Canada,  the 
King  issued  his  royal  proclamation,  in  which,  after  making  some 
restrictions  regarding  the  newly  acquired  territories  of  Quebec,  and 


228  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

East  and  West  Florida,  he  says:  "We  do,  therefore,  with  the  advice 
of  our  privy  council  declare  it  to  be  our  royal  will  and  pleasure  that 
no  Governor  nor^Coniniander-in-chief  of  our|^colonies  or  plantations  in 
America  do  presume,  for  the  present,  and  until  our  further  pleasure 
be  known,  to  grant  warrants  of  survey  or  pass  patents  for  any  lands, 
beyond  the  heads  or  sources  of  any  of  the  rivers  which  fall  into  the 
Atlantic  Ocean,  from  the  west  or  northwest,  or  upon  any  land  what- 
ever, which,  not  having  been  ceded  to  or  purchased  by  us,  as  afore- 
said, are  reserved  unto  the  said  Indians,  or  any  of  them." 

But  it  may  be  said  that  this  order  would  have  applied  to  Penn- 
sylvania as  well  as  Virginia,  and  would  then  have  confined  the  former 
to  the  eastern  slopes  of  the  Alleghanies  as  well  as  the  latter.  Blit 
there  was  this  difterence,  Virginia,  being  now  only  a  ro3'al  colony, 
was  subject  to  the  absolute  will  of  the  IVIonarch,  while  Pennsylvania, 
having  been  purchased  for  a  price,  and  confirmed  under  a  Proprietary 
government,  was  placed  bej'ond  his  power  to  alter  or  annul.  It  will 
be  oberved  that  by  the  cutting  off  of  West  Virginia,  which  occurred 
during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion,  Virginia  is  substantially  confined  to 
limits  fixed  by  this  royal  proclamation. 

As  we  have  already  seen,  the  charter  of  William  I'enn  made  his 
southern  boundary  the  beginning  of  the  40°  of  north  latitude.  As 
this  encroached  upon  the  the  territory  supposed  to  have  been 
granted  to  Lord  Baltimore,  a  compromise  was  eflected  between  Penn 
and  Baltimore,  by  which  Penn  gave  up  a  belt  of  43'  26"  of  a  degree 
to  Baltimore.  But  this  compromise  could  only  apply  to  the  Colony 
of  Maryland,  the  western  boundary  of  M-hich  is  a  meridian  line  drawn 
from  the  head  spring  of  the  Potomac  Kiver,  which  strikes  the 
southern  line  of  Pennsylvania  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  Laurel 
Hill  Bidge.  Wheii,  therefore,  Mason  and  Dixon  arrived  at  this 
point  in  running  the  dividing  line  between  Maryland  and  Pennsyl- 
vania, they  should  have  stopped,  as  no  agreement  had  been  entered 
into  with  Virginia  touching  the  ])artition  line,  and  there  was  no 
reason  why  at  this  point  the  line  of  Pennsylvania  should  not  have 
dropped  down  to  ihe  beginning  of  the  40'^  parallel,  as  confirmed  by 
the  roj^al  charter,  which  Pennsylvania  subsequently  claimed.  But 
the  surveyors,  Mason  and  Dixon,  kept  on  with  this  Maryland  line 
across  the  Chestnut  Ridge  and  across  the  Monongahela  River  to  a 
point  on  Dunkard  Creek,  where  they  M'ere  stopped  by  the  Indians  at 
their  old  war-path.  What,  therefore,  Avas  done  beyond  the  Maryland 
western  limit,  was  cc  parte,  and  of  no  force;  though  it  was  open  to 
the  construction  that  the  Pennsylvania  authorities,  at  that  time,  were 
willing  to  make  the  same  liberal  concession  to  Virginia,  that  it  had 
to  Maryland,  and  was  damaging,  to  that  extent,  to  the  claim  which 
was  subsequently  set  up  to  the  whole  fortieth  degree  of  latitude 
from  the  ending  of  the  thirty-ninth  degree. 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  229 

In  order  to  comprehend  the  nature  and  origin  of  the  controversy 
l)etween  Pennsj^vania  and  Virginia,  it  should  be  observed  that  the 
excellence  of  tlie  lands  along  the  upper  Ohio  and  its  tributaries,  and 
indeed  of  the  whole  Ohio  Valley,  excited  the  cupidity  of  all  who  had 
come  to  a  knowledge  of  them.  As  we  have  seen,  the  Ohio  Company 
was  formed  in  A^irginia,  in  which  the  Washingtons  were  interested, 
which  secured  the  grant  of  a  half  million  of  acres  embracing  that  por- 
tion of  Pennsylvania  along  the  Monongahela,  the  members  of  this 
Company  seeming  at  the  outset  to  take  it  for  granted  that  the  western 
line  of  Pennsylvania  would  correspond  with  that  of  Maryland. 

But  this  grant  of  a  half  million  acres  of  the  Ohio  Company  was 
but  a  drop  in  thy  bucket  when  compared  to  a  project  which  was  to 
follow.  It  appears  that  Sir  William  Johnson,  the  Indian  agent  of 
the  British  government  in  America,  and  William  Franklin,  governor 
of  New  Jersey,  formed  the  project  of  founding  a  great  colony  on 
the  Ohio,  and  wrote  to  Doctor  Franklin  the  father  of  AVilliam,  then 
in  London,  to  advocate  their  project  at  court.  The  Doctor  entered 
heartily  into  the  project,  and  so  persuasive  were  his  arguments,  that, 
in  opposition  to  the  powerful  influence  of  Lord  Hillsborough,  on  the 
14th  of  August,  1772,  he  secured  the  grant  of  an  immense  tract.  It 
commenced  atthe  mouth  of  the  Sciotoliiver,  threehundred  miles  below 
Pittsburg,  extended  southwardly  to  the  latitude  of  North  Carolina, 
thence  northeastwardly  to  the  Kanawha,  at  the  junction  ofNewKiver 
and  Green  Briar,  up  the  Green  Briar  to  the  head  of  its  northeasterly 
l)ranch,  thence  easterly  to  the  Alleghany  Mountains,  thence  along 
these  Mountains  to  the  lines  of  Maryland  and  Pennsylvania,  thence 
westerly  to  the  Ohio,  and  down  that  stream  to  the  point  of  beginning. 
Thomas  Walpole,  Thomas  Pownall,  Dr.  Franklin  and  Samuel  Whar- 
ton had  the  management  of  securing  the  grant,  and  hence  it  was 
known  as  "Walpole's  Grant;"  but  AVharton,  in  a  letter  to  Sir  Will- 
iam Johnson,  said,  "  A  society  of  us,  in  which  some  of  the  first  people 
in  England  are  engaged,  have  concluded  a  bargain  with  the  treasury 
for  a  large  tract  ot'land  lying  and  fronting  on  the  Ohio  large  enough 
for  a  government.'' 

It  will  be  observed  that  this  grant  swallowed  bodily  the  grant  of 
the  Ohio  Company,  and  it  M'as  agreed  iinally  that  the  latter  should 
be  merged  in  the  former.  This  action  stimulated  interest  in  this 
vast  Ohio  country;  but  the  Revolution  coming  on  four  years  there- 
after, the  whole  project,  after  an  existence  of  a  little  more  than  four 
years,  came  suddenly  to  an  end. 

It  seems  that  Thomas  Lee,  who  was  the  first  president  of  the 
Ohio  Company,  was  a  very  just  minded  man,  and  suspecting  that  a 
portion  of  the  lands  embraced  in  the  limits  of  his  Company  might 
turn  out  to  be  within  the  boundaries  of  Pennsylvania,  by  chartered 
rights,  wrote  to  Governor  Hamilton  on  this  question.     The  Governor 


230  HISTORY    OF    GKEEJSTE    COUNTY. 

replied  under  date  of  Jan.  2,  1749:  "I  am  induced  to  desire  your 
opinion,  whether  it  may  not  be  of  use  that  the  western  bounds  of  this 
province  be  run  by  commissioners  to  be  appointed  by  l;oth  govern- 
ments, in  order  to  assure  ourselves  that  none  of  the  lands  contained 
in  that  grant  (Olno  Company)  are  within  the  limits  of  this  province." 
"When  Governor  Hamilton  learned  that  it  was  the  intention  of 
the  Ohio  Company  to  erect  a  fort  at  the  Forks  of  the  Ohio, 
for  protection  against  the  Indians,  he  again  w^'ote,  but  now  to 
Governor  Dinwiddle,  declaring  that  he  had  received  instructions 
from  the  Proprietaries  to  join  in  such  a  work,  "only  taking  your 
acknowledgment  that  this  settlement,  shall  not  prejudice  their  ri_i;-ht 
to  that  country." 

Without  alhiding  to  the  matter  of  boundary,  Dinwiddle  wrote 
tliat  he  had  already  dispatched  a  person  of  distinction  (young  Wash- 
ington) to  the  commander  of  the  French,  to  know  u])on  what 
grounds  he  was  invading  the  lands  of  the  English,  and  that  he  had 
sent  working  parties  to  erect  a  fort  at  the  Forks  of  the  Ohio.  Though 
Governor  Hamilton  had  promised  conditional  aid  in  defending  the 
country,  yet  little  Avas  ever  furnished,  partly  on  acc(junt  of  a  wrangle 
over  taxing  the  Proprietary  estates,  which  })revented  the  voting 
much  money  for  any  purpose,  and  partly  by  reason  of  the  peace 
principles  of  a  majority  of  the  assembly.  The  question  had  also  been 
raised  in  the  course  of  their  assembly  discussions,  from  a  very  short- 
sighted niotive,  whether  this  Ohio  country,  which  they  were  asked  to 
defend,  was  really  after  all  within  the  limits  of  Pennsylvania. 

When  at  Logstown,  as  agent  of  Virginia,  securing  a  treaty  with 
the  Indians,  Colonel  Joshua  Fry,  who  was  accounted  a  good  mathe- 
matician and  geographer,  had  taken  an  observation  l)y  which  it  was 
found  that  that  place,  which  is  nine  miles  below  Pittsl)urg,  was  in 
latitude  40^  29',  which  showed  that  this  was  far  to  the  north  of 
the  southern  line  of  Pennsj'lvania.  From  calculations  made,  it  was 
evident  to  the  mind  of  Governor  Hamilton  that  the  Forks  of 
Ohio,  as  well  as  the  French  fort  at  Venango,  were  far  within  the 
boundaries  of  Permsylvania,  and  this  conclusion  he  communicated  to 
the  Pennsylvania  assembly  and  also  to  Governor  Dinwiddle.  The 
latter  subsequently  responded:  "  I  am  much  misled  by  our  survey- 
ors if  the  forks  of  the  Mohongialo  be  within  the  limits  of  your  pro- 
prietoiy's  grant.  I  have  for  some  time  wrote  home  to  have 
the  line  run,  to  have  the  boundaries  properly  known,  that  I  may  be 
able  to  keep  magistrates  if  in  this  government,  *  *  *  and  I  pre- 
sume soon  there  will  be  commissioners  appointed  for  that  service. 
*  "  *  But  surely  I  am  from  all  hands  assured  that  Logstown  is 
far  to  the  west  of  Mr.  Penn's  grant." 

It  would  seem  from  this  letter  that  the  Governor  of  Virginia  was 
contemplating  the  establishment  of  local  government  in  this  portion 


HISTORY    OF    GKEENE    COUNTY.  231 

of  Pennsylvania.  It  would  appear,  also,  that  after  the  organization 
of  Bedford  County,  which  was  made  to  extend  over  all  this  south- 
western corner  of  the  State,  and  immediately  after  the  purchase  of 
these  grounds  from  the  Indians  by  the  treaty  of  Fort  Stanwix,  in 
1768,  the  settlers  were  called  upon  to  pay  taxes  for  the  support  of 
the  Bedford  County  Court.  Bedford  being  a  hundred  miles  away, 
they  did  not  relish  the  paying  of  taxes  for  the  support  of  a  court 
whicli  afforded  them  so  little  convenience.  Besides,  being  natives 
largely  of  Virginia,  and  having  originally  been  led  to  suppose  that 
this  was  a  part  of  Virginia,  they  petitioned  that  colony  for  the  or- 
ganization of  county  governments. 

Early  in  this  controversy  over  jurisdiction,  Colonel  George  Wil- 
son, a  justice  of  the  peace  of  Bedford  County,  the  grandfather  of 
Lawrence  L.  Minor,  of  AVaynesburg,  wrote  a  letter  to  Arthur  St. 
Clair,  of  Bedford,  in  which  he  says:  ••  I  am  sorry  that  the  lirst  letter 
I  ever  undertook  to  write  you  should  contain  a  detail  of  grievance 
disagreeable  to  me.  *  *  *  j  no  sooner  returned  hojne  from 
court,  than  I  found  papers  containing  resolves,  as  they  call  them,  of 
the  inhabitants  to  the  westward  of  tiie  Laurel  Hills,  were  luinding 
fast  about  amongst  the  people,  in  which  amongst  the  rest  was  one 
tliat  they  were  resolved  to  oppose  every  of  Benn's  laws,  as  they 
called  them,  except  felonious  actions,  at  the  risque  of  life,  and  under 
the  penalty  of  tifty  pounds,  to  be  recovered  off  the  estates  of  the 
failure.  The  first  of  them  I  found  hardy  enough  to  offer  it  in  pub- 
lic, I  immediately  ordered  into  custody,  on  which  a  large  number 
were  assembled  as  was  supposed  to  rescue  the  prisoner.  I  endeav- 
ored by  all  the  reason  I  was  capable  of,  to  convince  them  of  the  ill 
consequences  that  would  attend  such  a  rebellion,  and  liappily  gained 
on  the  people  to  consent  to  relinquish  their  resolves  and  to  burn  the 
paper  they  signed.  When  their  foreman  saw  that  the  arms  of  his 
country,  that  as  he  said  he  had  thrown  himself  into,  would  not  rescue 
him  hy  force,  he  eatched  up  his  gun  which  was  well  loaded,  jumped 
out  of  doors,  and  swore  if  any  man  came  nigh  him  he  would  put 
what  was  in  his  gun  through  him.  The  person  that  had  him  in 
custody  called  for  assistance  in  ye  King's  name,  and  in  particular 
commanded  myself.  I  told  him  I  was  a  subject,  and  was  not  tit  to 
command,  if  not  willing  to  obey,  on  which  I  watched  his  eye 
until  I  saw  a  cliance,  sprang  in  on  him,  seized  the  rifle  by  the  muzzle 
and  held  him,  so  as  he  could  not  shoot  me,  until  more  help  got  into 
my  assistance,  on  which  I  disarmed  him,  and  broke  his  rifle  to 
pieces.  I  received  a  sore  bruise  on  one  of  my  arms  by  a  j^unch  of 
the  gun  in  the  struggle.  Then  I  put  him  under  strong  guard  and 
told  them  the  laws  of  their  country  were  stronger  than  the  hardest 
rifle  among  them."  After  convincing  the  discontented  party  of  their 
error,  and  inducing  them  to   burn  the  resolves    they    had    signed, 


232  HISTOEY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

the  prisoner  was  discharged  on  his  good  behavior.  Wilson  closes  his 
letter  in  these  words:  "1  understand  great  threats  are  made  against 
me  in  particular,  if  possible  to  intimidate  me  with  fear,  and  also 
against  the  sheriffs  and  constables  and  all  ministers  of  justice.  But 
I  hope  the  laws,  the  bulwarks  of  our  nation,  will  be  supported  in 
spite  of  those  low  lived  trilling  rascals." 

From  this  letter  we  can  gather  the  spirit  which  actuated  the  par- 
ties to  the  controversy,  and  see  the  beginning  of  a  bitter  contention 
which  vexed  the  people  of  this  section  for  many  years.  The  idea 
that  Pennsylvania  did  not  extend  west  of  the  Alleghany  Mount- 
ains was  studiously  circulated.  Michael  Cressap,  and  George 
CroiJ'han,  who  were  interested  in  land  speculations  here,  were  sus- 
pected of  being  privy  to  these  rumors.  A  petition  signed  by  over 
two  hundred  citizens  was  presented  to  the  court  at  Bedford,  under 
date  of  the  18th  of  July,  1772,  '» charging  the  government  and  offi- 
cers with  great  injustice  and  oppression,  and  praying  that  directions 
might  ])e  given  to  the  sheriffs  to  serve  no  more  processes  in  that 
country,  as  they  apprehended  it  was  not  in  Pennsylvania."  Mr. 
Wilson  answered  the  allegations  of  the  petition  before  the  court, 
and  showed  by  documentary  evidence  that  the  grounds  on  which  the 
petition  rested  were  unstable,  which  had  a  very  quieting  effect  upon 
the  settlers,  and  induced  the  court  to  reject  the  petition. 

Fort  Pitt,  which  had  been  garrisoned  by  a  detachment  of  British 
soldiers,  from  the  time  of  its  erection  in  1759,  by  General  Stanwix, 
was,  by  order  of  General  Gage,  of  date  of  October,  1772,  evacuated, 
and  "all  the  pickets,  bricks,  stones,  timber  and  iron  which  are  now 
in  the  bnilding  or  walls  of  the  said  fort"  were  sold  for  the  sum  of 
fifty  pounds.  At  about  this  time,  upon  the  death  of  Lord  Bottetourt, 
Governor  of  Virginia,  a  new  Governor  was  appointed  in  the  person 
of  the  Earl  of  Dunmore,  a  man  of  a  meddlesome  disposition,  and 
disposed  to  exercise  the  functions  of  his  office  with  a  high  hand.  In 
1773,  the  year  following  the  erection  of  Westmoreland  County, 
Dunmore  made  a  visit  to  Fort  Pitt,  where  he  met  Dr.  John  Con- 
nolly, a  nephew  of  Colonel  Croghan.  It  appears  that  the  new  Gov- 
ernor was  determined  to  act  upon  the  assumption,  whatever  may 
have  been  his  motive  therefor,  that  all  west  of  the  Alleghanies  and 
the  whole  boundless  northwest  belonged  to  Virginia.  In  Connolly 
he  found  a  willing  tool  for  asserting  this  claim;  for,  soon  after  the 
departure  of  the  Governor,  Connolly  published  the  following  pro- 
clamation: "Whereas,  his  Excellency  John,  Earl  of  Dunmore, 
Governor-in-chief,  and  Captain  General  of  the  colony  and  dominion 
of  Virginia,  and  Vice  Admiral  of  the  same,  has  been  pleased  to 
nominate  and  appoint  me  Captain,  Commandant  of  the  Militia  of 
Pittsbui-g  and  its  dependencies,  with  instructions  to  assure  his  Ma- 
jesty's   subjects    settled  on  the  Western   Waters,  that  having    the 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COITNTY.  233 

greatest  regard  to  their  prosperity  and  interest,  and  convinced  from 
their  repeated  memorials  of  the  grievances  of  vvliich  they  complain, 
that  he  proposes  moving  to  the  House  of  Burgesses  the  necessity  of 
erecting  a  new  county  to  include  Pittsburg,  for  the  redress  of  your 
complaints,  and  to  take  every  other  step  that  may  attend  to  afford 
you  that  justice  for  wliich  you  solicit.  In  order  to  facilitate  this  de- 
sirable circumstance  I  hereby  require  and  command  all  persons  in  the 
dependency  of  Pittsburg  to  assemble  themselves  tliere  as  a  militia  on 
the  25th  instant,  at  which  time  I  shall  communicate  other  matters 
for  the  promotion  of  public  utility.  Given  under  my  hand  the  1st 
day  of  January,  1774." 

A  copy  of  this  high  handed  proceeding  was  immediately  com- 
municated to  the  court  at  Ilannastown,  and  to  Governor  Penn  at 
Philadelphia.  Before  receivinj^  instructions  from  the  Governor, 
Arthur  St.  Clair,  in  liis  capacity  as  a  justice,  deeming  that  he  was 
authorized  by  liis  commission  to  put  a  stop  to  such  a  procedure  as 
was  indicated  in  this  proclamation,  issued  a  warrant  for  the  arrest  of 
Connolly,  who  was  apprehended  and  placed  in  conlinement.  Gov- 
ernor Penn  wrote  immediately  to  Lord  Dunmore  informing  him  of 
his  advices,  quoted  the  language  of  the  charter,  which  gave  live  full 
degrees  of  lono^itude  for  the  east  and  west  extent  of  the  Siate,  which 
would  carry  the  western  limit  far  beyond  Pittsburg,  and  expressed 
the  belief  that  the  Governor  could  not  have  authorized  the  procla- 
mation of  Connolly. 

In  the  meantime  Dr.  Connolly  had  been  released  from  jail  on 
promise  of  returning  in  time  for  his  trial.  But  instead  of  awaiting 
the  result  of  the  case  he  proceeded  with  the  organization  of  the 
militia  and  took  possession  of  Fort  Pitt.  On  hearing  of  this,  Slieriff 
Proctor,  with  Justices  Smith,  McFarland  and  Mackay,  proceeded  to 
Fort  Pitt,  and  finding  that  Connolly  still  professed  tlie  intention  of 
delivering  himself  up  for  trial  at  the  appointed  time  of  convening 
court,  though  he  had  dispatches  from  Dunmore  approving  his  con- 
duct and  urging  him  to  go  forward  in  asserting  Virginia  authority, 
the  Sheriif  took  no  further  action  in  regard  to  Connolly,  but  served 
a  writ  upon  William  Christy,  one  of  Connolly's  lieutenants.  Where- 
upon Connolly  arrested  Sheriff  Proctor  upon  a  King's  warrant,  and 
held  him  in  custody.  Seeing  the  commotion  incident  to  these  pro- 
ceedings, and  the  militia  drilling  with  arms  in  their  hands,  the 
Indians  became  very  much  alarmed. 

In  his  reply  to  Penn,  the  Governor  of  Yirginia,  Lord  Dunmore 
freely  assumed  responsibility  for  Connolly's  acts  declaring  them  per- 
formed by  his  authority  by  the  advice  of  his  Majesty's  council.  He 
also  referred  to  that  unfortunate  declaration  made  in  the  Pennsyl- 
vania assembly,  when  a  call  was  made  for  troops  to  serve  against  the 
French  and  Indians  at  Fort  Pitt,  that  Pittsburg  was  not  embraced 


234  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

in  the  limits  of  Fennsylvauiu.  Feiiii  answered  this  comtnunication 
at  great  length,  setting  forth  all  the  facts  and  arguments  relied  npon 
by  the  authorities  of  Pennsylvania  to  hold  this  territory,  and  ex- 
pressing at  the  outset  with  considerable  warmth  his  surprise  that 
Dunmore  should  authorize  these  high-handed  proceedings,  while  a 
county  government  under  Fennsyh^ania  authority  had  already  been 
established  there,  and  was  in  full  operation,  and  before  the  lines  be- 
tween the  two  colonies  had  been  delinitely  settled  by  competent 
authority.  Governor  Dinwiddle,  the  predecessor  of  Dunmore,  had 
informed  Penn,  "  I  have  for  some  time  wrote  home  to  have  the  line 
run,"  and  suggested  that  if  the  territory  in  question  actually  was  a 
part  of  Pennsylvania  then  the  quit-rents  should  be  paid  to  the  Pro- 
prietaries of  tliat  province  instead  of  to  the  King.  Penn  informed 
Dunmore  that  the  declaration  of  the  Assembly,  to  which  he  refers, 
was  made  at  a  time  when  no  definite  limits  of  the  State  had  been 
fixed  by  actual  surveys;  besides,  even  if  the  declaration  had  been 
made  by  the  Assembly  in  the  most  positive  and  formal  manner  it 
could  not  atfect  the  validity  of  the  claims  of  the  Proprietaries  secured 
to  them  by  Royal  Charter,  in  which  the  payment  of  a  stipulated 
price  was  acknowledged. 

That  he  might  not  be  chargeable  with  dereliction  of  duty  in  assert- 
ing his  claims,  Penn  served  a  formal  notice  upon  Lord  Dunmore  in 
these  words:  "  I  must  take  this  opportunity  of  notifying  to  your 
Lordship,  that  the  Proprietaries  do  claim,  by  their  said  petition,  as 
part  of  their  province  of  Pennsylvania  all  the  lands  lying  west  of  a 
south  line  to  be  drawn  from  Dixon's  and  Mason's  line  as  it  is  com- 
monly called  at  the  westermost  part  of  the  province  of  Maryland  to 
the  beginning  of  the  fortieth  degree  of  north  latitude  to  the  extent  of 
five  decrees  of  lomritude  from  the  river  Delaware:  and  I  must  re- 
quest  your  Lordship  will  neither  grant  lands  nor  exercise  the  govern- 
ment of  Virginia  within  those  limits  till  his  majesties  pleasure  may 
be  known." 

It  will  be  seen  by  the  wording  of  this  proclamation  that  Penn 
claimed  the  full  three  degrees  of  latitude  granted  by  his  charter,  be- 
ginning at  the  end  of  the  39th  degree  beyond  the  western  boundary 
of  Maryland,  not  alloAving  tlie  compromise  with  that  State  to  elfect 
the  line  opposite  Virginia. 

It  will  be  observed  that  Connolly  had  given  his  word  that  he 
would  return  and  give  himself  up  for  trial  at  the  time  of  the  setting 
of  the  court,  provided  he  was  allowed  his  liberty  in  the  meantime. 
He  did  return;  but  with  an  armed  band  of  militia  of  some  180 
which  he  had  recruited  and  had  under  discipline.  The  court  having 
notice  of  his  coming  with  a  military  force  deemed  it  prudent  to 
adjourn,  as  their  business  was  nearly  concluded.  On  his  arrival  he 
took  possession  of  the  court  room,  and  stationed  his  sentinals,  and 


»("«#<^ 


,  HISTOllY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  237 

then  sent  word  to  the  court  that  he  wished  to  wait  on  them.  They 
received  him  in  a  private  room,  when  he  read  to  thein  the  letter  of 
Lord  Duiimore  to  Fenn,  in  which  he  assumes  responsibility  for  Con- 
nolly's action,  and  the  following  explanation  of  his  procedures:  "  I 
am  come  here  to  be  the  occasion  of  no  disturbances,  but  to  prevent 
them.  As  I  am  countenanced  by  government,  whatever  you  may 
say  or  conceive,  some  of  the  Justices  of  this  bench  are  the  cause  of 
this  appearance  and  not  me.  I  have  done  this  to  prevent  myself 
from  being  illegally  taken  to  Philadelphia.  My  orders  from  the 
government  of  Virginia  not  being  explicit;  but  claiming  the  country 
about  Pittsburg,  I  have  raised  the  militia  to  sujiport  the  civil 
authority  of  that  colony  vested  in  me.  I  have  come  here  to  free 
myself  from  a  promise  made  to  Captain  Proctor;  but  have  not  con- 
ceived myself  amenable  to  this  court,  by  an}'  authority  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, upon  which  I  cannot  apprehend  that  you  have  any  right  to 
remain  liere  as  justices  of  the  peace,  constituting  a  court  of  that 
province;  but  in  order  to  prevent  confusion  I  agree  that  you  may 
continue  to  act  in  that  capacity,  in  all  such  matters  as  may  be  sub- 
mitted to  your  determination  by  the  acquiescence  of  the  people, 
until  I  may  have  instructions  to  the  contrary  from  Virginia,  or  until 
his  Majesty's  pleasure  be  further  known  on  this  subject." 

It  will  be  perceived  that  Connolly  only  reflects  the  sentiments  of 
Dunmore,  who  was  at  the  root  of  all  .the  trouble.  The  Westmoreland 
court  made  a  very  temperate  answer  to  Connolly.  '"The  jurisdiction 
of  the  court  and  officers  of  the  county  of  Westmoreland  rests  on  the 
legislative  authority  of  the  province  of  Pennsylvania,  confirmed  by 
his  Majesty  in  council.  That  jurisdiction  has  been  regularly  exer- 
cised, and  the  court  and  officers  will  continue  to  exercise  it  in  the 
same  regular  manner.  It  is  far  from  their  intention  to  occasion  or 
foment  disturbances,  and  they  apprehend  that  no  such  intention  can 
with  propriety  be  inferred  from  any  part  of  their  conduct;  on  the 
contrary  they  wish  and  will  do  all  they  can  to  preserve  the  public 
tranquility.  In  order  to  contribute  to  this  salutary  purjjose  they 
give  information  that  every  step  will  be  taken  on  the  part  of  the 
province  of  Pennsylvania  to  accommodate  any  differences  that  may 
have  arisen  between  it,  and  the  colony  of  Virginia,  by  fixing  a  tem- 
porary line  between  them." 

Connolly  now  marched  away  with  his  militia,  having  given  him- 
self not  as  he  had  agreed  to  do,  for  trial,  but  in  defiance  of  the  court, 
at  the  head  of  a  military  band.  It  was,  therefore,  as  clearly  a  break- 
ing of  his  word  as  though  he  had  not  come  near  the  court.  Having' 
completed  their  business  thecourt  adjourned,  and  three  of  the  justices, 
Mackay,  Smith  and  McFarlane,  departed  for  their  homes  at  Pittsburg. 
Scarcely  were  they  returned,  when  these  three  were  served  with 
King's  warrants   issued   by  Connolly,  for  the  crime  of  making  the 

12 


238  HISTORY    OF    GKEENE    COUNTY. 

answer  they  did  quoted  above,  and  upon  their  refusal  to  give  bail 
for  their  appearance  at  the  Staunton  court  to  answer  to  the  charge, 
they  were  sent  in  custody  to  the  Staunton  jail.  On  the  way  they 
were  denied  the  privilege  of  writing  to  the  authorities  at  Phila- 
delphia, by  the  hand  of  a  person  just  then  going  there;  but  before 
reaching  Staunton,  Mackay  was  allowed  to  go  to  Williamsburg  to 
lay  their  case  before  the  Governor.  This  functionary  listened  patient- 
ly, but  made  answer  that  their  arrest  was  only  a  dose  of  their  own, 
administered  in  the  arrest  of  Connolly.  Nevertheless  he  consented 
to  release  them,  and  allow  them  to  return  home.  In  a  dispatch  to 
Governor  Penn,  after  describing  the  interview  with  Dunmore, 
Mackay  says,  "  We  are  to  set  otf  from  this  place  immediately;  but 
how  to  act  after  our  return,  is  a  matter  we  are  at  this  time  unable 
to  determine."  In  a  further  dispatch  of  the  14tli  of  June,  1774,  he 
says,  "  The  deplorable  state  of  affairs  in  this  part  ot  your  government 
at  this  time  is  truly  distressing;  we  are  robbed,  insulted  and  dra- 
gooned by  Connolly  and  his  militia  in  this  place  and  in  its  environs, 
all  ranks  share  of  his  oppression  and  tyranny,  but  the  weight  of  his 
resentment  falls  heaviest  on  me,  because  he  imagines  I  oppose  his 
unwarrantable  measures  most.  On  the  27th  of  last  May  he  ordered 
a  party  of  his  militia  to  put  down  and  destroy  a  sheep-house  and  a 
stable  of  mine,  in  a  violent  and  outrageous  manner,  and  told  me  at 
the  time  he  would  take  the  house  I  lived  in  if  he  wanted  it,  and 
countenanced  a  perjured  villain,  a  constable  of  ours  that  deserted  to 
him  before  he  was  three  months  sworn  in,  to  shake  a  stick  at  my 
nose  before  his  face  without  reproof." 

From  this  extract  some  conception  can  be  formed  of  the  state 
of  this  portion  of  the  colony  under  the  divided  authority.  Upon 
receiving  intelligence  of  the  forcible  seizure  of  his  commissioned 
magistrates,  Governor  Penn  lost  no  time  in  sending  commissioners 
to  Dunmore  to  secure  some  temporary  settlement,  until  the  bound- 
aries could  be  iixed  by  Royal  authority.  James  Tilghman  and 
Andrew  Allen,  members  of  the  Council,  were  selected  to  conduct  this 
embassage.  They  were  cordially  received  by  Lord  Dunmore,  who 
agreed  to  unite  in  a  petition  to  the  King  for  the  appointment  of  a 
commission  to  establish  the  boundaries,  but  would  not  agree  that 
Virginia  should  bear  half  of  the  expense.  The  commissioners  then 
proposed  that  a  temporary  line  be  fixed  at  five  degrees  of  longitude 
from  the  Delaware,  and  that  the  western  line  of  Pennsylvania  should 
follow  the  meanderings  of  that  stream.  Dunmore  would  not  agree 
to  this,  but  contended  that  the  charter  of  Penn  authorized  live  degrees 
to  be  computed  from  a  point  on  the  42°  parallel  where  the  Delaware 
cuts  it,  he  believing  that  the  Delaware  run  from  northeast  to  south- 
west which  would,  as  he  believed,  carry  the  western  boundary  as  far 
east    as  the   Alleghany    Mountains.     The  commissioners    promptly 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  239 

rejected  this  interpretion;  but  in  the  interest  of  peace  they  would  be 
wiilini^  to  allow  a  temporary  boundary  to  follow  the  Monongahela 
River  from  Mason  and  Dixon's  line  down  to  its  mouth.  This  would 
have  left  all  west  of  that  stream  to  Yirgiiiia.  Dunmorenow  became 
arbitrary  in  his  manner,  charging  the  commissioners  with  being 
unwilling  to  make  any  concessions,  and  ended  by  declaring  his  un- 
alterable purpose  to  hold  jurisdiction  over  Pittsburg  and  surrounding 
territory  until  his  Majesty  should  otherwise  order. 

Until  comj)etent  authority  should  establish  the  boundaries  of  the 
two  provinces  there  was  now  no  hope  of  temporary  agreement,  as  Lord 
Dunmore  was  arbitrary  and  dictatorial.  Governor  Penn  saw  bnt  too 
clearly  that  civil  strife  in  the  disputed  district  would  unavoidably 
lead  to  a  trial  of  force  for  the  mastery.  Dunmore  was  destined  in  a 
short  time  to  quarrel  with  the  Legislature  of  Virginia,  and  for  safety 
betook  himself  to  a  British  man-of-war.  Desiring  to  avoid  a  conflict 
over  a  dispute  which  Charter  stipulations  would  eventually  settle, 
Governor  JPenn  decided  to  bide  his  time,  and  accordingly  wrote  to 
AVilliam  Crawford,  the  presiding  justice  of  Westmoreland  County, 
as  follows;  "The  present  alarming  situation  of  our  affairs  in  West- 
moreland County,  occasioned  by  the  very  unaccountable  conduct  of 
the  Government  of  Virginia,  requires  the  utmost  attention  of  this 
government,  and  therefore  I  intend,  with  all  possible  expedition,  to 
send  commissioners  to  expostulate  with  my  Lord  Dunmore  upon  the 
behavior  of  those  he  has  thought  proper  to  invest  with  such  power  as 
hath  greatly  disturbed  the  peace  of  that  County.  As  the  govern- 
ment of  Virginia  hath  the  power  of  raising  militia,  and  there  is  not 
any  such  in  this  Province,  it  will  be  in  vain  to  contend  with  them, 
in  the  way  of  force.  The  magistrates,  therefore,  at  the  same  time 
that  they  continue  with  steadiness  to  exercise  the  jurisdiction  of 
Pennsylvania  M'ith  respect  to  the  distributions  of  justice  and  the 
punishment  of  vice,  must  be  cautious  of  entering  into  any  such  con- 
tests with  the  officers  of  my  Lord  Dunmore  as  may  tend  to  widen 
the  present  unhappy  breach;  and,  therefore,  as  things  are  at  present 
circumstanced,  I  Avould  not  advise  the  magistracy  of  Westmoreland 
County  to  proceed  by  way  of  criminal  prosecution  against  them 
for  exercising  the  government  of  Virginia." 

Though  it  was  humiliating  for  the  legally  and  formally  consti- 
tuted authorities  of  Westmoreland  County  to  have  their  authority 
defied  by  a  set  of  officers  who  received  their  orders  to  act  from  Vir- 
ginia, backed  by  a  lawless  military  force  called  out  by  direction  of 
another  colony,  yet  it  was  for  the  time  being  judicious  not  to  pro- 
voke a  contest.  As  we  view  it  now,  mtli  State  lines  all  fixed  and 
all  county  governments  crystalized,  it  seems  strange  that  any  such 
conflict  should  have  arisen.  But  it  must  be  remembered  tliat  the 
matter  of  priority  of  charter,  the  impossibility  of  making  the  actual 


240  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

surveys  conform  to  the  language  of  the  royal  grants,  and  the  fact 
tiiat  no  accurate  astronomical  observations  nad  been  taken,  left  this 
whole  subject  of  western  boundary  at  loose  ends.  Until  something 
definite  was  settled,  it  was  better,  as  Fenn  advised,  that  force  be 
not  resorted  to,  as  the  hot-headed  Virginia  Governor  had  done.  The 
policy  thus  recommended,  while  it  left  the  court  at  Hanna's  Town  in 
operation,  practically  yielded  all  this  Monongahela  country  to  the 
authority  of  the  Virginian. 

The  result  of  Dunmore's  diplomacy  was  of  course  communicated 
to  Connolly,  and  he  was  strengthened  in  asserting  his  authority.  He 
discarded tiie  name-'  Fort  Fitt"  and  gave  the  fort  the  name  "  Fort  Dun- 
more,"  in  honor  of  his  chief.  On  tlie  21st  of  April,  1774,  Connolly 
wrote  to  settlers  along  the  Ohio  that  the  Shawnees  were  not  to  be 
trusted,  and  that  the  whites  ought  to  be  prepared  to  revenge  the 
wrong  done  them.  This  gave  authority  to  tJie  settlers  for  the  taking 
the  right  of  punishment  into  tlieir  own  hands,  and  lighted  anew  the 
iires  of  Indian  warfare.  It  was  known  as  Dunmore's  war.  A  boat 
containing  goods  was  attacked  while  going  down  the  Ohio  by  a  party 
of  Cherokees  and  one  white  man  was  killed.  In  retalliation  two 
friendly  Indians  of  another  tribe,  in  no  way  responsible  for  this  crime, 
were  murdered.  This  was  cause  enough  for  the  Indians  to  take  up 
the  hatchet,  and  terrible  was  the  penalty  paid.  On  the  evening  of 
the  same  day  Captain  Cressap,  who  had  led  in  the  affair,  hearing  that 
a  party  of  Indians  were  encamped  at  the  moutli  of  Captina  Creek, 
went  stealthily  and  attacked  it,  killing  several  of  them  and  having 
one  of  his  own  party  wounded.  A  few  days  later,  Daniel  Great- 
house,  with  a  band  of  thirty-two  followers,  attacked  the  natives  at 
Faker's,  and  by  stratagem,  in  the  most  dishonorable  manner,  killed 
twelve  and  wounded  others.  The  murdered  Indians  were  all  scalped. 
Of  the  number  of  the  slain  was  the  entire  family  of  the  noted  Indian 
chief,  Logan. 

The  savage  instinct  of  revenge  was  now  aroused,  Logan  had 
l)jen  the  firm  friend  of  the  white  man,  and  had  done  him  many  ser- 
vices; but,  left  alone,  all  his  family  slain,  he  thirsted  for  blood.  Ilis 
vengeance  was  wreaked  upon  the  inhabitants  west  of  the  Mononga- 
hela, along  Ten  Mile  Creek,  and  he  rested  not  until  he  had  taken 
thirteen  scalps,  the  number  of  his  own  family  who  had  been  slain, 
when  he  declared  himself  satisfied  and  ready  for  peace.  The  tidings 
of  the  hostile  acts  of  Cressap  asid  Greathouse,  and  the  stealthy  and 
midnight  deeds  of  savagery  by  the  red  men  spread  terror  and  con- 
sternation on  all  sides,  and  the  inhabitants  west  of  the  Monongahela 
lied,  driving  before  them  their  flocks  and  herds,  and  bearing  away 
their  most  easily  transportable  valuables.  "There  were  more  than 
one  thousand  people,"  writes  Crawford  to  Washington,  "crossed the 
Monongahela  in  one  day  at  three  ferries  that  are  not  one  mile  apart." 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  241 

"Upon  a  fresh  report  of  Indians  I  immediately  took  horse"  writes 
St.  Clair  to  Governor  Penn,  "and  rode  np  to  inquire,  and  found  it, 
if  not  totally  groundless,  at  least  very  improbable;  but  it  was  im- 
possible to  persuade  the  people  so,  and  I  am  certain  1  did  not  meet 
less  than  one  hundred  families,  and  I  think  two  thousand  head  of 
cattle,  in  twenty  miles  riding." 

The  Virginia  authorities  immediately  called  out  the  militia.  A 
force  under  Col.  McDonald  assembled  at  Wheeling  and  marched 
against  Wapatomiea,  on  the  Muskingum.  But  the  Indians  being 
unprepared  for  war,  feigned  submission,  and  gave  five  of  their  cliiets 
as  hostages.  But  the  troops  destroyed  their  towns  and  crops  and  re- 
treated. Sir  William  Johnson  counselled  the  Indians  to  keep  peace. 
In  the  meantime  Andrew  Lewis  had  organized  a  force  of  eleven  liun- 
dred  men  in  the  neighboi'hood  of  the  since  famed  A\^hite  Sulpliur 
Springs,  and  was  mai-ching  for  the  mouth  of  the  Great  Kanawha, 
wliere  he  was  to  meet  the  force  gathered  in  the  northern  part  of  the 
State  under  Dunmore  in  person.  Before  the  arrival  of  the  latter 
the  Indians,  Delawares,  Iroquois,  AVyandots,  Shawnees,  under  Corn- 
stalk, Logan  and  all  their  most  noted  chiefs,  gathered  in  npon  Lewis, 
and  attacked  him  with  great  fury,  the  battle  raging  the  entire  day, 
but  in  the  end  the  Indians  were  driven  across  the  Ohio,  though  with 
a  loss  of  Colonels  Lewis  (brother  of  the  commandant)  and  Field 
killed.  Colonel  Fleming  wounded,  and  seventy-five  men  killed  and 
one  hundred  and  forty  wounded,  a  fifth  of  the  entire  force.  The  loss 
of  the  Indians  could  not  be  ascertained,  though  thirty-three  dead 
were  left  behind  them.  Lewis  was  determined  to  follow  up  his  ad- 
vantage, which  had  been  (rained  at  so  grievous  a  loss;  but  Dun- 
more,  who  was  now  approaching  with  his  division  of  the  army,  hav- 
ing been  visited  by  the  chiefs,  who  offered  peace,  and  himself  having 
little  stomach  for  fighting,  accepted  their  terms,  and  ordered  Lewis 
to  desist  in  his  pursuit.  Lewis  refused  to  obey  and  pushed  on  deter- 
mined to  avenge  the  slaughter  of  his  men,  and  it  was  not  until  Dun- 
more  came  up  with  him  that  he  could  be  prevailed  upon  to  give  up 
an  attack  which  he  had  planned  upon  the  Indian  town  of  Old  Chilli- 
cothe. 

The  army  now  retired,  though  a  detachment  of  one  hundred  men 
was  left  at  the  mouth  of  the  Great  Kanawha,  and  small  detachments 
at  AVheeling  and  at  Pittsburg.  Thus  ended  as  causeless  a  war,  known 
as  Dunmore's  war,  as  was  ever  undertaken,  all  induced  by  the  med- 
dling policy  of  Dunmore  in  a  matter  which  the  Crown  alone  had  the 
authority  at  that  time  to  decide,  and  the  over  olliciousness  of  Con- 
nolly, who  "  dressed  in  a  little  brief  authority"  exercised  it  in  an 
arbitrary  and  anger  provoking  way.  It  was  provoked  by  the  Virgin- 
ians, and  was  prosecuted  wliolly  by  Virginians,  known  by  the  In- 
dians as  "  Lono;'- Knives." 


242  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

Having  thus  cut  a  large  ligure  in  a  military  way,  at  the  expense 
of  Virginia,   Dunmore  issued  his  proclamation: 

''  Whereas,  The  Province  of  Pennsylvania  have  unduly  laid  claim 
to  a  very  valuable  and  extensive  quantity  of  his  Majesty's  terri- 
tory, and  the  executive  part  of  that  government  in  consequence 
thereof,  has  most  arbitrarily  and  unwarrantably  proceeded  to  abuse 
the  laudable  advancements  in  this  part  of  his  Majesty's  dominions  by 
many  oppressive  and  illegal  methods  in  the  discharge  of  this  imagin- 
ary authority;  and  whereas  the  ancient  claim  laid  to  this  country  by 
the  colony  of  Virginia,  founded  in  reason  upon  preoccupancy  and 
the  general  acquiessence  of  all  persons,  together  with  the  instruc- 
tions I  have  lately  received  from  his  Majesty's  servants,  ordering  me 
to  take  this  country  under  my  administi'ation,  and  as  the  evident  in- 
justice inanifestly  offered  to  his  Majesty  by  the  immediate  strides  taken 
by  the  Proprietaries  of  Pennsjdvaiiia  in  prosecution  of  their  wild 
claim  to  this  country  demand  an  immediate  remedy,  I  do  hereby  in 
his  Majesty's  name  require  and  command  all  his  Majesty's  subjects 
west  of  the  Laurel  Ilill  to  pay  a  due  respect  to  this  my  proclama- 
tion, strictly  prohibiting  the  execution  ot  any  act  of  authority  on 
behalf  of  the  Province  of  Pennsylvania,  at  their  peril  in  this  coun- 
try; but,  on  the  contrary,  that  a  due  regard  and  entire  obedience  to 
the  laws  of  his  Majesty's  colony  of  Virginia  under  my  administration 
be  observed,  to  the  end  that  regularity  may  ensue,  and  a  due  regard 
to  the  interest  of  his  Majesty  in  this  quarter,  as  well  as  to  the  sub- 
jects in  general,  may  be  the  consequence." 

Quite  ready  to  join  in  this  War  of  the  Proclamations,  and  not 
uiipi-epared  to  wield  the  ponderous  words  of  authority,  Governor 
John  Penn  caught  np  the  cudgel  and  hurled  back  his  claims  in  the 
following  brave  pronunciamento: 

'*  ^Yhe7'eas,  I  have  received  information  that  his  Excellency,  the 
Earl  of  Dunmore,  in  and  over  his  Majesty's  colony  of  Virginia  hath 
lately  issued  a  very  extraordinary  Proclamation  setting  forth,"  here 
is  quoted  Dunmore's,  given  above,  "And  whereas,  although  the  west- 
ern limits  of  the  Province  of  Pennsylvania  have  not  been  settled 
by  any  authority  from  the  Crown,  yet  it  has  been  sufficiently  demon- 
strated bylines  accurately  run  by  the  most  skillful  artists  that  not  only 
a  great  tract  of  country  west  of  the  Laurel  11^11,  but  Fort  Pitt  also 
are  compreliended  within  the  charter  bounds  of  this  Province,  a 
great  part  of  which  country  has  been  actually  settled,  and  is  now 
held,  under  grants  from  the  Proprietaries  of  Pennsylvania,  and  the 
jurisdiction  of  this  government  has  been  peaceably  exercised  in  that 
quarter  of  the  country,  till  the  late  strange  claim  set  up  by  the 
Earl  of  Duraore,  in  behalf  of  his  Majesty's  colony  of  Virginia, 
founded  as  his  Lordship  is  above  pleased  to  say,  '  in  reason,  preoc- 
cupancy, and    the  general  acquiessence  of  all  persons;'  which  claim 


HISTOr.Y    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  243 

to  lauds  within  tlie  said  charter  limits  must  appear  still  the  more  ex- 
ti'aordiuary,  as  his  luost  j^^racious  Majesty,  iu  au  act  past  the  very 
last  session  of  Parliauient,  •  for  making  more  elfectnal  provision  lor 
the  government  of  the  Province  of  Quebec,'  has  been  pleased  in  the 
fullest  manner  to  recognize  the  Charter  of  the  Province  of  Pennsyl- 
vania by  expressly  referring  to  the  same,  and  binding  the  said  Pro- 
vince of  Quebec  by  the  northern  and  western  bounds  thereof:  A\' here- 
fore  there  is  the  greatest  reason  to  conclude,  that  any  instructions 
the  Governor  of  Virginia  may  have  received,  from  his  Majesty's  ser- 
vants, to  take  that  country  uuder  his  administration,  must  be  founded 
on  some  misrepresentation  to  them  respecting  the  western  extent  of 
this  province.  In  justice  therefore  to  the  Proprietaries  of  the  Pro- 
vince of  Pennsylvania,  who  are  only  desirous  to  secure  their  own 
undoubted  property  from  the  encroachment  of  others,  I  have  thought 
iit,  with  the  advice  of  the  Council,  to  issue  this  my  proclama- 
tion, hereby  requiring  all  persons  west  of  the  Laurel  Hill,  to  retain 
their  settlements  as  aforesaid  made  under  this  ])rovince,  and  to  pay 
due  obedience  to  the  laws  of  this  government;  and  all  magistrates 
and  other  officers  who  hold  commissions  or  offices  under  this 
government  to  proceed  as  usual  in  the  administration  of  justice 
without  paying  the  least  regard  to  the  said  recited  proclamation, 
until  his  Majesty's  pleasure  shall  be  known  in  the  premises;  at  the 
same  time  strictly  charging  and  enjoining  the  said  inhabitants  and 
magistrates  to  use  their  utmost  endeavors  to  preserve  peace  and  good 
order." 

It  will  be  noticed  that  in  the  matter  of  thundering  w:ith  his 
Whereases  and  Wherefores  Penn  is  quite  equal  to  Dunmore,  and  in 
tliat  part  where  some  doubt  is  thrown  npon  the  statement  of  the 
latter  that  he  is  acting  under  instructions  of  the  Crown,  Penn  has 
decidedly  the  advantage.  It  had  been  the  intention  of  Dunmore.  to 
open  a  court  at  Pittsburg  with  Virginia  magistrates,  and  by  Vir- 
ginia authority.  But  the  counter  proclamation  of  Penn  had  some- 
what cooled  his  taste  for  controversy,  as  he  might  be  compelled  to 
defend  his  usurpations  by  force.  But  when  he  discovered  that  the 
Pennsylvania  authorities  were  disposed  to  have  their  differences  sub- 
mitted to  peaceful  abitrament  he  concluded  that  he  might  venture  a 
little  farther  on  his  scheme  of  holding  possession  of  this  fine  country. 
He,  accordingly,  had  the  court  for  Augusta  County,  which  had 
formerly  been  held  at  Staunton,  adjourn  to  open  its  next  term  on 
the  21st  of  February, -at  Pittsburg,  Augusta  County  being  made  to 
embrace  all  the  western  part  of  Virginia  and  Pennsylvania.  On  the 
day  appointed  the  following  named  persons  appeared,  took  the  oath 
of  office  and  sat  as  justices  of  the  Virginia  court:  George  Croghiin, 
John  Connolly,  Thomas  Smalliiian,  John  Cambell,  Dorsey  Pentecost. 
William   Goe,  John   Gibson   and    George   Vallandingham.      There 


244  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

were  now  two  organized  courts,  assessors,  tax  gatherers,  sheriffs  and 
all  the  machinery  for  conducting  a  countj^  government  over  the 
same  territory,  Virginia  calling  it  Augusta,  and  Pennsylvania 
Westmoreland.  Of  conrse  what  is  now  Greene  County  was  em- 
braced under  this  double-headed  authority,  and  its  inhabitants  in- 
volved in  the  confusion  of  yielding  obedience  to  two  county  govern- 
ments, and  paying  taxes  to  two  sets  of  officials  for  the  same  purpose. 

Having  succeeded  in  setting  up  their  court  the  new  othcials  be- 
thought them  that  they  must  break  up  any  vestiges  of  a  rival  court 
and  accordingly  issued  warrants  for  the  arrest  of  E.obert  Hanna  and 
James  Caveat,  which  were  sei'ved  b}'  the  Augusta  sheritf,  and  the 
two  offenders  wej-e  brought  in  and  incarcerated  in  the  Fort  iJunmore 
jail,  where  they  languished  for  three  months,  in  vain  seeking  for  re- 
lease. Finally  the  sheriff  of  Westmoreland  County,  assisted  by  a 
strong  posse,  proceeded  to  Fort  Dunmore  and  released  the  prisoners, 
and  arrested  Jolin  Connolly  at  the  suit  of  Robert  Hanna  who  claimed 
damages  for  unlawful  imprisonment.  Incensed  by  this  treatment  of 
their  leader  his  adherents  from  Chartiers  came  in  force  and  seized 
three  of  the  party  who  had  been  engaged  in  the  arrest  of  Connolly: 
George  Wilson,  Joseph  Spear  and  Devereaux  Smith. 

It  was  probably  sometime  in  June  or  July  before  Hanna  and 
Caveat  were  set  at  liberty,  as  the  records  show  they  were  constantly 
entering  complaints  of  their  hardships,  and  petitioning  for  relief.  In 
the  meantime  an  event  had  transpired  which  overshadowed  all  the 
petty  strife  of  contending  factions,  and  united  all  hearts  in  a  com- 
mon cause.  On  the  19th  of  April,  of  this  year,  1775,  the  battles  of 
Lexington  and  Concord  had  been  fought  which  aroused  all  hearts 
with  singular  unanimity  to  resistatice  to  the  British  Crown  all  over 
the  habitable  portion  of  this  broad  land,  even  to  the  cabins  of  the 
frontiersmen,  far  remote  from  towns  or  cities.  The  news  of  tliese 
bloody  frays  had  no  sooner  reached  Hannastown  and  Pittsburg  than 
public  meetings  were  held  at  both  those  places,  at  which  Virginians 
and  Pennsylvanians  united  in  their  approval  of  resistance  and  pledg- 
ing support.  Tliese  resolves  are  important  and  curious,  as  showing 
the  unanimity  with  which  they,  laying  aside  domestic  troubles, 
united  in  a  common  cause.  These  meetings  were  held  on  the  same 
day,  the  16th  of  May,  1775.  The  resolves  of  that  at  Hannastown 
representing  Westmoreland  County,  Pennsylvania,  were  conceived  in 
these  temperate  words:  '-'•  Resolred^  unanimowily^  that  the  Parlia- 
ment of  Great  Britain,  by  several  late  acts,  have  declared  the  inhab- 
itants of  Massachusetts  Bay  to  be  in  rebellion,  and  the  ministry,  by 
endeavoring  to  enforce  those  acts,  have  attempted  to  reduce  the  said 
inhal)itants  to  a  more  wretched  state  of  slavery  than  ever  before  ex- 
isted in  any  State  or  country,  not  content  with  violating  the  consti- 
tutional and  charactered  rights  of  humanity,  exposing  their  lives  to 


(j:  d/Of  /^i^yy^on^ 


HISTORY    OF    GKEKISTK    COUNTY.  247 

the  licentious  soldiery,  and  depriving  them  of  the  very  means  of 
substance.  Hesolved,  unanimously,  that  there  is  no  reason  to  doubt 
but  the  same  system  of  tyrrany  and  oppression  will  (should  it  meet 
with  success  in  Massachusetts  Bay)  be  extended  to  other  parts  of 
America;  it  is  therefore  become  the  indispensable  duty  of  every 
American,  of  every  man  who  has  any  public  virtue  or  love  for  his 
country,  or  any  bowels  for  posterity,  by  every  means  which  God  has 
put  in  his  power,  to  resist  and  oppose  the  execution  of  it;  that  for 
us  we  will  be  ready  to  oppose  it  with  our  lives  and  fortunes.  And 
the  better  to  enable  us  to  accomplish  it  we  will  immediately  form 
ourselves  into  a  military  body,  to  consist  of  companies  to  be  made  up 
of  the  several  townships  under  the  following  association  which  is 
declared  to  be  the  association  of  Westmoreland  County. 

At  Pittsburg,  now  called  Fort  Dun  more,  not  only  the  adlierents  of 
the  Yirginia,  but  the  men  acknowledging  no  government  but  that  of 
Pennsylvania,  joined  in  expressing  the  sentiment  of  tirm  resistance. 
A  committee  of  some  thirty  members  was  appointed  in  which  not 
only  the  names  of  Connolly  and  Vallandingham,  but  also  those  of 
Devereaux  Smith  and  George  Wilson  appear,  and  they  unanimously 
declare  "that  they  have  the  highest  sense  of  the  spirited  behavior  of 
their  brethren  in  New  England,  and  do  most  cordially  approve  of 
their  opposing  the  invaders  of  American  rights  and  privileges  to  the 
utmost  extreme."  And  they  proceed  to  pledge  themselves  to  assist 
by  personal  service,  to  contrilmte  of  their  means,  and  use  their  best 
endeavors  to  influence  their  neighbors  to  resist  this  attempt  at  sub- 
jugation. As  an  earnest  of  theii-  determination  they  proposed  to 
contribute  half  a  pound  of  powder  and  a  pound  of  lead,  flints  and 
cartridge  paper,  which  they  estimate  will  cost  two  shillings  and  six- 
pence, and  accordingly  advise  the  collection  of  this  amount  from 
each  tithable  person.  It  is  indeed  surprising  that  a  little  skirmish, 
away  in  a  distant  part  of  New  England,  should  arouse  a  sentimont 
so  strong  arid  unwavering,  and  prompt  them,  laying  aside  colonial 
(juarrels,  to  unite  as  one  man  in  aid  of  the  struggle  soon  to  open, 
even  though  they  hatl  scarcely  a  cabin  to  shelter  their  defenseless 
heads,  and  were  exposed  on  this  distant  frontier  to  the  sudden  in- 
cursions of  the  savages. 

Though  at  the  outset,  and  under  the  influence  of  a  sudden  impulse 
of  patriotism,  the  people  seemed  to  unite  to  oppose  a  common  enemy, 
yet  the  civil  government  must  go  on,  patents  for  lands  must  be 
issued,  deeds  for  transfer  of  property  must  be  put  on  record,  and  all 
the  details  of  civil  government  must  be  performed.  Yirginia  having 
established  a  court  at  Pittsburg,  and  having  discovered  that  Penn- 
sylvania would  not  use  force  to  prevent  the  exercise  of  power,  con- 
tinued to  authorize  the  performance  of  civil  functions,  and  hencf- 
forward,   as   we   shall   soon   see,    monopolized  authority  west  of  the 


248  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

Laurel  Hills,  and  althougli  the  court  of  Westmoreland  County  had 
an  existence,  little  business  was  transacted. 

In  the  meantime,  in  order  to  quiet  any  further  local  contention, 
in  presence  of  the  greater  peril  that  now  confronted  the  United  Col- 
onies, the  following  named  gentlemen,  members  of  the  Continental 
Congress  from  Pennsljvania  and  Virginia,  viz.:  Jolin  Dickson, 
George  Ross,  B.  Franklin,  James  Wilson,  Charles  Humphreys,  P. 
Henry,  Richard  Henry  Lee,  Benjamin  Harrison  and  Thomas  Jeffer- 
son, imited  in  the  following  pacihc  advice  addressed  "  To  the  inhabi- 
tants of  Pennsylvania  and  Virginia  on  the  west  side  of  the  Laurel 
Hill.  Friends  and  Countrymen:  It  gives  us  much  concern  to  tind 
that  disturbances  have  arisen  and  still  continue  among  you  concern- 
ing the  boundaries  of  our  colonies.  In  the  character  in  which  we  now 
address  you,  it  is  unnecessary  that  we  inquire  into  the  origin  of  these 
unhapy)y  disputes,  and  it  would  be  improper  for  us  to  express  our 
approbation  or  censure  on  either  side;  but  as  representatives  of  two 
of  the  Colonies  united  among  many  others  for  the  defence  of  the 
liberties  of  America,  we  think  it  our  dnty  to  remove,  as  far  as  lies  in 
our  power,  every  obstacle  that  niay  prevent  her  sons  from  co-operat- 
ing as  vigorously  as  they  would  wish  to  do  towards  the  attainment  of 
thisgi-eatand  importantend.  Influenced  solely  by  this  motive,  ourjoint 
and  earnest  request  to  you  is  that  all  animosities  which  have  hereto- 
fore subsisted  among  you  as  inhabitants  of  distinct  Colonies  may 
now  give  place  to  generous  and  concurring  efforts  for  the  prevention 
of  everything  that  can  make  our  common  country  dear  to  us.  We 
are  fully  persuaded  that  you,  as  well  as  we,  wish  to  see  your  differ- 
ences terminate  in  this  happy  issue.  For  this  desirable  use  we  re- 
commend it  to  you,  that  all  bodies  of  armed  men  kept  np  under 
either  province  be  dismissed,  that  all  those  on  either  side  who  are  in 
confinement  or  under  bail  for  taking  part  in  the  contests,  be  discharged, 
and  that  until  the  dispute  be  decided  every  person  be  permitted  to 
retain  his  possessions  unmolested.  By  observing  these  directions  the 
public  tranquility  will  be  secured  without  injury  to  the  titles  on 
either  side;  the  period,  we  flatter  ourselves,  will  soon  arrive  when 
this  unfortunate  dispute,  which  has  produced  much  mischief,  and  as 
far  as  we  can  learn,  no  good,  will  be  peacably  and  constitutionally 
determined." 

This  document  has  been  quoted  here  in  its  entirety,  not  only  be- 
cause of  the  ability  and  commanding  influence  of  its  authors — such 
as  Franklin  and  Dickinson,  and  Henry  and  Jefferson,  the  very 
"  master  spirits  of  this  age,"  but  on  the  account  of  its  timely  wisdom, 
and  authoritative  suggestions.  If  the  title  to  their  lands  were  to  be 
valid  and  secure,  as  here  intimated,  from  whichever  colony  secured, 
a  great  motive  for  keeping  up  the  controversy  would  be  I'emoved. 
This  assurance,   coming  from  such   eminent  men,   members   of  the 


HISTOKY    UV    GKKKXE    COIINTV.  '2id 

Congress  that  was  likely  to  l»e  supreme  over  all  the  colonies,  had 
almost  the  deciding  influence  over  the  minds  of  the  settlers,  that  a 
legal  enactment  would  have  had  and  must  be  regarded  as  a  t\irning 
point  in  this  heated  controversy  that  was  liable  at  any  moment  to 
liave  broken  out  into  acts  of  sanguinary  conflict.  It  should  therefore 
be  considered  as  a  vital  morsel  in  the  history  of  these  southwestern 
counties. 

Dunmore  liad  betaken  himself  on  board  the  British  man-of-war, 
Fowey,  lying  in  Chesapeake  ]>ay,  and  had  taken  with  him  the  powder 
from  the  Virginia  arsenal.  This,  Patrick  Henry,  at  the  head  of  the 
militia,  just  before  setting  out  to  take  his  seat  in  Congress,  had  com- 
})elled  IJunmore  to  settle  for,  by  the  payment  of  £330  by  the  hand  of 
Corbin,  his  Majesty's  receiver  general. 

As  the  war  cloud  of  the  Revolution  thickened,  and  the  V^irginians 
had  broken  with  their  governor,  Connolly,  probably  listening  to  the 
suggestions  of  Dunmore,  fancied  he  saw  an  opportunity  of  cutting 
a  larger  flgure  tlian  contending  for  the  right  to  act  as  a  justice  of  the 
peace  where  his  authority  was  in  question,  and  might  be  successfully 
controverted.  lie,  accordingly,  abandoned  his  throne  at  Piftsbtirg, 
and  having  received  from  Dunmore  instructions  to  repair  to  General 
Gage,  at  Boston,  commander-in-chief  of  his  Majesty's  forces  in 
America,  he  was  to  make  application  for  authority  to  raise  "an 
army  to  the  westward,"  in  the  name  of  the  King,  to  flght  against 
the  colonies.  He  fancied  that  he  could  induce  a  large  force 
to  join  him  from  the  neighborhood  of  Pittsburg,  and  southward, 
to  espouse  the  royal  cause,  and  by  making  his  headquarters 
at  Detroit  or  Canada,  he  could  raise  an  army  of  disaffected 
whites  and  Indians  with  which  to  make  war  from  the  rear  upon  the 
Colonies,  and  "  obstruct  communication  between  the  Southern  and 
Northern  Governinents.-'  Could  anything  evince  the  character  of  a 
black-hearted  traitor  more  conspicuously  than  this?"  He  received 
authority,  as  desired,  and  was  furnished  with  blank  commissions 
which  he  was  to  execute  and  bestow  at  his  own  discretion.  But,  on 
his  way  to  the  field  of  his  exploits,  w^hen  arrived  at  Hagerstown, 
Maryland,  he  M^as  captured,  and,  skillfully  concealed  beneath  his  saddle, 
a  paper  was  found  disclosing  all  the  details  of  his  traitorous  scheme. 
He  was  held  as  a  prisoner  of  war  until  1780-1  together  with  his  as- 
sociates, when  he  was  exchanged.  In  1782  he  was  at  the  head  of  a 
force  of  British  and  Indians  in  tlie  neighborhood  of  Chatauqua  Lake 
on  his  way  to  reduce  Fort  Pitt,  and  establish  himself  there.  But  pro- 
bably finding  his  force  too  feeble  for  such  an  enterprise,  he  abandoned 
it.  To  the  honor  of  the  friends  and  relatives  of  Coimolly  it  should 
be  stated  that  while  he  was  concerting  measures  for  the  destruction 
of  his  comitry,  they  were  equally  earnest  in  patriotic  designs. 


250  HISTOEY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 


CHAPTER  XV. 

YiRGiNiA  Militia  Sent  to  Pittsbueg — West  Augusta  County — 
Ohio,  Yoiiogania,  Mononghalia  Counties — Vikginia  Sends 
Ammunition  to  Pittsbukg — Troops  Organized — Guns  Sent 
— Governor  Patrick  Henry  of  Virginia  Urcjes  a  Stout 
Defence  of  Fort  Pitt — ^Many'  Naimes  of  Early  Settlers 
Among  Militia  Officers — Defend  to  the  I^ast  Extremity — 
A  New  State  to  be  Called  Westsylyania  Petitioned  for  to 
Continental  Congress  to  be  the  Fourteenth — Strong  Lan- 
guage OF  THE  Petition — Bounds  of  Proposed  ]Me\v  State — 
240  Miles  in  Length  by*  70  to  80  in  Breadth,  Equal  in  Extent 
TO  AN  Empire — "  Vandalia"  and  "  Walpole"  Proposed — Vir- 
ginia Opens  Land  Offices,  Fixes  Price  of  Land — Titles  to 
THE  Greater  Part  of  Southwestern  Pennsylvania  Held  by 
Patents  Granted  by  Virginia. 


w 


HEN  tlie  Virginia  convention,  on  the  retirement  of  Lord  Dnn- 
more,  took  the  snpreme  authority  of  the  colony  in  its  own 
hands,  measures  were  adopted  for  retaining  the  district  of  Pittsburg 
beyond  the  Laurel  Hills  in  its  control,  as  though  the  matter  of  juris- 
diction was  already  settled  in  favor  of  Virginia.  Captain  John  Neville 
was  authorized  to  raise  a  company  of  one  Jiundred  men  and 
march  to  and  take  possession  of  Pittsburg.  Another  com- 
pany of  one  hundred  and  twenty-live  men  was  summoned  from  the 
Monongahela  country.  The  colony  of  Virginia  was  divided  into  six- 
teen districts  of  which  West  Augusta  was  one,  comprising  all  the  terri- 
tory drained  by  the  Monongahela,  Youghiogheny  and  Kiskiminitasand 
the  streams  falling  into  the  Ohio.  A  proposition  was  made  by  certain 
commissioners  sent  out  by  the  Continental  Congress,  Jasper  Yeates 
and  John  Montgomery,  for  Pennsylvania,  and  Dr.  Thomas  Walker 
and  John  Harvey,  for  Virginia,  to  Pittsburg  to  treat  with  the  Lidians, 
that  in  order  to  settle  the  disputed  authority  temporarily,  connty 
courts  should  be  held  under  the  authority  of  Pennsylvania  north  of 
the  Youghiogheny  River,  and  of  Virginia  south  of  that  stream;  but 
no  attention  was  paid  to  this  advice,  probably  l)eing  equally  distasteful 
to  each  party. 

Fnrlersfanding  by  the  establishment    of   AVest   Augusta   district 
that    the   Virginia  colonial  convention   intended  a  separate  county 


IIISTOHY    OF    GKEENE    COUNTY.  251 

court  from  that  lield  at  Strautuu,  for  Autrusta  County,  the  Justices 
proceeded  to  organize  an  iiidependeut  court  and  tixed  the  countj 
seat  at  Augusta  town  just  over  tlie  ridge  west  from  Washington.  But 
this  arrangement  was  of  short  duration;  for  at  the  session  of  the  Vir- 
ginia assembly  lield  in  177G,  Patrick  Henry  being  Governor,  an  act 
was  passed  for  ascertaining  the  limits  of  West  Augusta,  and  for 
dividing  that  district  into  three  counties,  Ohio,  Yohogania  and 
Mononghalia;  Ohio  County  to  embrace  all  the  territory  drained  by 
the  streams  falling  into  tlie  Ohio  River  as  far  north  as  Cross  Creek, 
en:ibracing  the  half  of  the  present  Greene  County;  Yohogania, 
the  territory  drained  by  the  Youghiogheny  and  Iviskiniinitas  Kivers 
as  far  east  as  the  Laurel  Hills,  and  as  far  south  as  Hunlap's  and  Cross 
Creeks;  and  Mononghalia  east  and  south  of  the  other  two  and  em- 
bracing all  the  land  drained  by  the  Monongalia  River,  extending  far 
into  \v'est  Virginia,  and  embracing  the  eastern  slope  of  Greene 
County.  It  was  provided  by  the  same  act  which  authorized  the 
limitations  of  these  counties,  "  that  after  the  said  8th  day  of  November, 
courts  shall  be  constantly  held  every  month  by  the  justices  of  the 
respective  counties  upon  the  days  hereinafter  specified  for  e^ch  coun- 
ty respectively,  that  is  to  say  for  the  county  of  Ohio  on  the  first 
Monday,  for  the  county  of  Monongahela  on  the  second  Monday,  and 
for  the  county  of  Yohogania  on  the  fourth  Monday  of  ev^ery  mouth, 
in  such  manner  as  by  the  laws  of  this  Commonwealth  is  provided  for 
other  counties,  and  as  shall  be  by  their  commission  directed.  It 
was  provided  that  all  cases  pending  in  the  whole  of  West  Augusta 
district  before  the  division  into  the  three  counties,  should  be  tried 
in  the  court  of  Yohogania  County.  The  places  fixed  for  holding  the 
courts  in  the  three  counties  were  the  plantation  of  Andrew  Heath 
for  Yohogania,  the  Plantation  of  Theopholus  Phillips,  near  JSew 
Geneva,  for  Mononghalia,  and  Black's  Cabin,  now  West  Liberty,  for 
Ohio. 

The  Revolutionary  war  was  now  fairly  inaugurated,  and  as  the 
British  were  using  every  endeavor  to  enlist  the  Indians  in  their 
cause  against  the  colonists,  issuing  commissions  freely  to  diseffected 
Americans  to  lead  them,  and  to  tit  out  expeditions  from  Canada  to 
attack  the  settlers  from  the  rear,  it  became  evident  near  the  close  ot 
1776,  that  the  Indians  were  standing  in  hostile  attitude.  Accord- 
ingly Patrick  Henry,  then  Governor  of  Virginia,  wrote,  under  date 
of  December  13th,  to  Lieutenant  Horsey  Pentecost,  advising  him  of 
the  hostile  temper  of  the  savages  and  that  he  had  ordered  six  tons  of 
lead  for  the  West  Augusta  district,  and  counselling  that  he  call  a 
meeting  of  the  militia  officers  of  the  district  to  determine  on  safe 
places  of  deposit.  "  I  am  of  opinion,"  he  says,  "  that  unless  your 
people  wisely  improve  this  winter  you  may  probably  be  destroyed. 
Prepare  then  to  make  resistance  while  you  have  time." 


252  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

A  council  of  war  was  accordingly  held  at  Catfish  Camp,  now 
Washington  County,  at  which  the  following  otiicers  were  present: 
"  Dorsey  Pentecost,  company  lieutenant:  John  Cannon,  colonel; 
Isaac  Cox,  lieutenant-colonel;  Henry  Taylor,  major;  David  Sheperd, 
company  lieutenant;  Silas  Hedge,  colonel;  David  McClure,  lieuten- 
ant-colonel; Samuel  McCullough,  major;  Zacheriah  Morgan,  com- 
pany lieutenant;  John  Evins,  major.  Captains — John  Munn,  David 
Andrew,  John  Wall,  Cornelius  Thompson,  Gabrial  Cox,  Michael 
llawlings,  William  Scott,  Joseph  Cgle,  William  Thrice,  Joseph 
Tumbleson,  Jjenjamin  Fry,  Matliew  Richey,  Samuel  Meason,  Jacob 
Lister,  Peter  Reasoner,  James  Rogers,  David  (Swings,  Henry  Hog- 
land,  John  Pearce  Davall,  James  Brinton,  Vinson  Colvin,  James 
Buckhannan,  Abner  Howell,  Charles  Crecraft,  John  Mitchell,  John 
Hogland,  Reason  Virgin,  William  Harrod,  David  Williamson, 
^  Joseph  Cisnesy,  Charles  Martin,  Ovvin  Daviss."  In  glancing  over 
these  names  it  will  be  noticed  that  a  considerable  number  are  com- 
mon to  Greene  County,  and  represent  the  families  who  were  its 
earliest  settlers. 

According  to  the  request  of  Governor  Henry  these  otficers  desig- 
nated the  points  suitable  for  magazines,  and  called  for  three  tons  of 
gun-powder,  ten  thousand  flints,  and  one  thousand  rifles.  On  the 
28th  of  February,- 1777,  Governor  Henry  again  wrote  requesting 
that  a  detail  be  made  of  a  hundred  men  "to  escort  safely  to  Pitts- 
burg, the  powder  purchased  by  Captain  Gibson.  I  suppose  it  is  at 
F^ort  Louis  on  the  Mississippi,  under  the  protection  of  the  Spanish 
Government.  I  have  ordered  four  4-pound  cannons  to  be  cast  for 
strencfthening  Fort  Pitt,  as  I  believe  an  attack  will  be  made  there 
ere  long.  Let  the  ammunition  be  stored  there,  and  L'l  it  be  defended 
to  the  last  extremity;  give  it  not  up  but  with  the  lives  of  yourself 
and  people.  Let  the  provisions  l)e  stored  there,  and  consider  it  as 
the  bulwark  of  your  country."  It  will  be  observed  that  all  this 
legislation  and  military  preparation  is  had  under  authority  of  the 
Assembly  and  Governor  of  Virginia,  for  the  government  and  pro- 
tection of  territory  rightfully  belonging  to  Pennsylvania,  which  was 
at  this  time,  and  until  1780,  remained  a  part  of  Virginia,  which  the 
authorities  of  Pennsylvania  determined  not  to  quarrel  about,  until 
such  time  as  its  charter  limits  could  be  fixed  and  vindicated  by  com- 
petent authority. 

W^e  come  now  to  a  passage  in  this  early  history  which  shows  a 
phase  which  might  have  been  realized,  that  would  have  changed  the 
whole  future  not  only  of  Greene  County,  but  of  this  whole  valley, — 
which  is  no  less  than  the  project  for  a  new  State,  the  capital  of  which 
would  possibly  have  been  within  the  limits  of  Greene  County,  which 
was  to  be  designated  by  the  euphonious  title  of  Westsylvania.  A 
very  elaborate  j^etition  was  drawn  which  recited  the  inconveniences 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    CO  UN"  A'.  253 

on  account  of  distance  tVoni  the  seats  of  government  of  Virginia  and 
Pennsylvania,  uf  the  necessity  of  having  to  cross  lofty  and  intermin- 
able ranges  of  nionntains,  of  claims  and  counter-claims  to  land,  and 
the  unsettled  boundary  between  the  two  States.  This  petition  was 
presented  to  the  Continental  Congress,  was  received  and  ordered 
tiled;  but  was  never  acted  on,  probably  because  a  life  and  death 
struo-gle  for  existence  demanded  all  the  attention  of  that  bodv,  and  for 
the  reason  that  the  Congress  had  no  jurisdiction  as  j'et  over  territory 
beyond  the  United  Colonies.  The  language  of  this  petition  is  unique, 
and  in  detailing  wrongs,  cumulative.  In  reciting  the  effect  of  the 
authority  by  the  two  colonies,  it  proceeds  to  point  out  "the  per- 
nicious and  destructive  etfects  of  discordant  and  contending  juris- 
dictions, innumerable  frauds,  impositions,  violences,  depredations, 
feuds,  animosities,  divisions,  litigations,  disorders,  and  even  with  the 
effusion  of  human  blood  to  the  utter  subversion  of  all  laws,  human 
and  divine,  of  justice,  order,  regularity,  and  in  a  great  measure  even 
of  Liberty  itself."  It  details  "the  fallacies,  violences  and  fraudu- 
lent impositions  of  Land  Jobbers,  pretended  otiieers  and  partisans  of 
botli  land  ofiices  and  others  under  the  sanction  of  the  jurisdiction  of 
their  respective  provinces,  the  Earl  of  Dunmore's  warrants,  officer's 
and  soldier's  rights,  and  an  infinity  of  other  pretexts."  It  gives  the 
details  of  claims  of  private  parties  and  companies  to  fabulous  tracts 
of  land,  the  titles  to  which  rest  on  the  pretended  purchase  of  the 
Indians.  "  This  is  a  country,"  it  proceeds,  "  of  at  least  240  miles  in 
length,  from  the  Kittanny  to  opposite  the  mouth  of  the  Scioto,  70 
or  80  miles  in  breadth,  from  the  Alleghany  Mountains  to  the  Ohio, 
rich,  fertile  and  healthy  even  beyond  a  credibility,  and  peopled  by  at 
least  25,000  families  since  1708."  It  concludes  by  asking  that  the 
territory  embraced  in  the  limits  set  below  be  known  as  the 
Province  and  government  of  Westsylvania,  ^-  *  *  the  iniiab- 
itants  be  invested  with  every  other  power,  right,  privilege  an(i  im- 
munity vested,  or  to  be  vested,  in  the  other  American  colonies;  be 
considered  as  a  sister  colony,  and  the  fourteenth  province  of  the 
American  Confederacy:  "Beginning  at  the  eastern  bank  of  the  Ohio 
opposite  the  mouth  of  Scioto  and  running  thence  to  the  top  of  the 
Alleghany  Mountains,  thence  with  the  top  of  the  said  mountains  to 
the  north  limits  of  the  purchase  made  from  the  Indians  in  1768,  at 
the  treaty  of  Fort  Stanwix  aforesaid,  thence  with  the  said  limits  to 
the  Allegheny  or  Ohio  River,  and  thence  down  the  said  river  as 
purchased  from  the  said  Indians  at  the  aforesaid  treaty  of  Fort 
Stanwix  to  the  beginning."  There  were  other  projects  for  a  new 
State  to  be  known  as  "  Yandalia,"  or  "  Walpole,"  but  none  so  formal 
or  enforced  with  such  elaborate  arguments  as  in  this  petition  for 
"  Westsylvania," 

To  satisfy  the  complaints   of  settlers,  the  General  Assembly  of 


254  H^^STOKY    OF    GltKKNE    COUNTY. 

Virginia  opened  land  offices,  lixed  the  limits  of  the  districts,  and 
determined  the  price  of  land  at  ten  shillings  for  a  hundred  acres. 
Commissioners  were  to  be  appointed  for  hearing  and  determining 
disputes  and  counter-claims,  and  county  surveyors  were  to  be  ap- 
pointed to  survey  and  make  formal  records  of  sales.  It  will  thus  be 
perceiv^ed  that  Virginia  held  formal  possession  of  this  whole  south- 
western stretch  of  Pennsylvania  for  a  period  of  contention  over 
a  dozen  or  more  years;  and,  as  a  large  proportion  of  the  land  in 
Green  County  was  taken  up  during  these  years,  it  will  be  seen  that 
the  territoiy  was  originally  held  under  Virginia  patents. 


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HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  257 


CHAPTEK  XVI. 

Attractions  in  this  Section  fok  the  Settler — Yalidity  of  the 
Ohio  and  Walpole  Co:\[pany's  Titles  in  Doubt — Continental 
Congress — One  Weakness  in  Pennsylvania  Charter — Penn- 
sylvania Publication — Propositions  for  Settlement — Com- 
missioners Meet  at  Baltimore — To  the  41° — To  the  40° — To 
Mason  and  Dixon's  Linp: — ^Western  Boundary  Extend  West- 
■  WARD  into  Ohio — To  the  39°,  30',  AVith  a  Western  Corres- 
ponding to  the  Meanderings  of  the  Delaware  River — To 
the  89°,  30' ,  "With  a  Meridian  Line  for  the  Western  Bound- 
ary— Mason  and  Dixon's  Line  With  a  Meridian  Line  for  the 
Western  Boundary  Settles  the  Controversy^ — -Virginia 
Sends  Land  Commissioners  to  Redstone  and  Issues  Patents 
FOR  Vast  Tracts — Remonstrance  Sent  to  Congress — Recom- 
mendation of  Congress  Unheeded — Joint  Address  of  Council 
AND  Assembly  of  Pennsylvania — Pennsylvania  Becomes  Bel- 
ligerent— Proposition  of  Virginia  Ac(n<:PTED — Commissioners 
Appointed  to  Run  and  Mark  the  Line — Jp:fferspn  Advises  a 
Temporary  Line — Settlers  Rise  up  in  Arms  to  Oppose  Run- 
ning Line— Cry  Against  Taxes  and  Desire  for  a  New  State, 
Final  Report  of  Commissioners  Made — Meridian  Line  Found 
BY  Astronomical  Observations — The  Long  Sought  Southwest 
Corner  of  the  State  Finally  Found  and  Marked^ — -Western 
Line  of  Pennsylvania  Run  and  Marked — The  Vexed  Ques- 
tion OF  THE  True  Limits  of  the  State  Finally  Settled. 

THE  interest  whicli  Virginia  manifested  for  this  Monoiigahela  and 
Ohio  country  was  first  aroused  by  tlie  reports  of  tlie  beauty  of 
the  scenery,  the  fertility  of  the  soil,  and  the  salubrity  of  its  climate. 
The  desire  to  obtain  vast  tracts  of  this  country  led  to  the  formation 
of  the  Ohio  Company  with  a  grant  of  a  half  million  acres,  which  was 
subsequently  swallowed  up  by  Walpole's  grant  of  fabulous  extent. 
To  defend  these  grants  against  the  French,  Washington's  embassy  to 
Le  Boeuf  was  authorized,  and  military  expeditions  of  Washington, 
Braddock,  Forbes,  Boquet  and  Stanwix  were  undertaken.  After  the 
French  had  been  tinally  expelled,  Virginia  Avas  more  eager  than  be- 
fore to  hold  these  claims,  to  justify  them,  and  to  establish  Virginia 
civil  polity.     But  the  failure  of  the  Britisli  government  to  vindicate 

13 


258  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

its  authority  broke  the  validity  of  the  claims  of  these  companies,  and 
for  eight  years  while  the  Kevolutionary  war  lasted,  it  was  left  in 
doubt  whether  these  titles  would  eventually  be  established  or  lost. 
During  that  period,  therefore,  Virginia  continued  anxious  to  assert 
its  authority.  But  when  the  surrender  of  Cornwallis  and  the  break- 
ing of  the  military  force  of  Britain  upon  this  continent  led  to  a 
treaty  of  peace,  which  left  the  Continental  Congress  in  supreme  au- 
thority, then  the  titles  of  the  Ohio  and  Walpole  companies  which 
claimed  their  legal  status  from  British  government  were  left  without 
validity,  and  were  valueless. 

When  Lord  Dunmore  assumed  the  Governorship  of  Virginia  he 
proposed  to  assert  his  authority  with  a  high  hand,  regardless  of  the 
rights  of  other  parties,  and  Patrick  Henry,  who  succeeded  to  the 
Gubernatorial  power,  seemed  disjjosed  to  take  up  the  cudgels  which 
Dunmore  had  dropped.  But  when  the  delegates  from  Virginia  to 
the  Continental  Congress  met  those  from  Pennsylvania,  the  whole 
subject  of  disputed  authority  and  mutual  boundary  seems  to  have 
been  fairly  and  candidly  canvassed,  and  more  moderate  views  enter- 
tained. And,  as  we  have  seen,  the  paper  drawn  up  by  the  combined 
wisdom  of  these  delegates,  was  the  lirst  word  that  had  a  quieting 
effect.  There  were  very  able  men  in  those  delegations.  John  Dick- 
inson, the  author  of  the  Farmer's  Letters,  was  an  accomplished 
scholar  and  statesman,  and  Benjamin  Franklin  was  possessed  of 
practical  sense  amounting  to  genius.  ^  Besides,  the  Congress  sat  at 
Philadelphia  where  a  strong  influence  centered  favorable  to  the 
claims  of  Pennsylvania.  A  sentiment  was  early  manifested  on  the 
part  of  both  colonies  to  have  commissioners  appointed  to  settle  the 
dispute. 

The  terms  of  the  Charter  of  Pennsylvania  were  very  explicit  with 
one  exception.  The  charter  proceeded  upon  the  supposition  that  the 
perimiter  of  the  circle  drawn  with  a  radius  of  twelve  miles  from 
New  Castle,  would,  at  some  point,  cut  the  beginning  of  the  40° 
of  north  latitude;  whereas  this  parallel  fell  far  to  the  south  of  it. 
This  left  the  beginning  of  the  boundary  unflxed  and  uncertain,  and 
was  the  original  cause  of  much  wrangling  and  contention,  not  only 
on  the  part  of  Virginia,  but  also  of  Maryland.  But  the  matter  of 
Ave  degrees  of  longitude  and  three  of  latitude  were  as  definite  and 
unchangeable  as  the  places  of  the  stars  in  the  heavens.  Earthquakes 
might  change  the  surface  and  the  subsidence  of  the  land  might  yield 
the  place  to  the  empire  of  the  waves,  yet  the  boundaries  would  re- 
main unchanged,  and  could  be  easily  identified.  Some  observations 
had  been  made  at  Logstown,  a  little  below  Pittsburg,  by  which  it 
was  evident  that  this  place  was  considerably  within  the  boundaries 
of  Pennsylvania  both  from  the  west  and  south.  On  any  clear 
night  the  altitude  of  certain  stars  would  give  the  latitude   of  the 


HISTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  259 

place  and  a  good  chronoineter  would  show,  by  difference  in  time,  the 
longitude.  The  Yirginia  delegates  in  Congress  were  scholars  enough 
to  understand  that.  It  is  probable  that  they  saw  at  the  outset  that 
the  Pennsylvania  title  was  good,  and  would  eventually  prevail.  This 
accounts  for  the  conciliatory  temper  manifested  in  that  tirst  communi- 
cation quoted  above,  and  in  subsequent  action. 

During  the  past  few  years  the  government  of  Pennsylvania  have 
had  commissioners  engaged  in  rectifying  the  boundary  lines  of  the 
State, and  planting  monuments  to  mark  them.  By  an  act  approved  on 
the  7th  day  of  May,  1885,  the  reports  and  maps  of  these  commission- 
ers, together  with  the  complete  journal  of  Mason  and  Dixon,  from 
December  7,  1763,  to  January  29,  1768,  have  been  published.  From 
that  volume  many  facts  upon  tliis  subject  have  been  drawn. 

It  appears  thcit  as  early  as  the  18th  of  December,  1776,  the  as- 
sembly of  Virginia  passed  a  resolution,  agreeing  to  lix  the  south- 
ern boundary  of  Pennsylvania  from  the  western  limit  of  Maryland 
due  north  to  the  beginning  of  the  41°  parallel  and  thence  due  west 
to  the  western  limit  of  the  State.  This  was  a  concession  on  the  part 
of  Virginia,  as  it  had  previously  claimed  all  west  of  the  suuimits  of 
the  Alleghany  Mountains  to  the  New  York  line.  This  would  have 
made  a  break  northward  from  the  western  line  of  Maryland,  and  would 
have  left  the  counties  of  Fayette,  Greene  and  a  portion  of  Washing- 
ton in  Virginia.  Pennsylvania  would  not  agree  to  this.  Proposi- 
tions and  counter  propositions  continued  to  pass  between  the  assem- 
blies of  tlie  two  colonies,  resulting  in  nothing  until  the  session  of 
1779,  when  it  was  determined  to  submit  the  whole  matter  in  contro- 
versy to  the  arbitrament  of  commissioners.  In  a  letter  of  27tli  of 
May,  1779,  Patrick  Henry,  Governor  of  Virginia,  communicated  to 
the  council  of  Pennsjdvania  the  intelligence  that  commissioners  had 
been  appointed.  On  the  27th  of  August,  1779,  the  commissioners 
met  at  Baltimore;  James  Madison  and  Robert  Andrews  on  the  part 
of  Virginia,  and  George  Bryan,  John  Ewing  and  David  Eitten- 
house  for  Pennsylvania.     Their  proceedings  were  in  writing. 

The  first  paper  was  drawn  by  the  Pennsylvania  delegates,  in 
which  the  points  in  controversy  are  fully  argued,  and  this  demand 
made:  "For  the  sake  of  peace,  and  to  manifest  our  earnest  desire  of 
adjusting  the  dispute  on  amicable  terms,  we  are  willing  to  recede 
from  our  just  rights  [the  beginning  of  the  40°  north,]  and  there- 
fore propose,  that  a  meridian  be  drawn  from  the  head  spring  of 
the  north  branch  of  the  Potomac  to  the  beginning  of  the  40°  of 
north  latitude,  and  from  thence  that  a  parallel  of  latitude  be  drawn 
to  the  western  extremity  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  to  continue 
forever  the  boundary  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  and  Virginia." 
This  would  have  made  a  break  southward  at  the  western  extremity  of 
Maryland  and  would  have  carried  into  Pennsylvania  a  large  tract  of 


260  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

what  is  now  West  Virginia,  nearlj^  the  whole  of  the  territory  drained 
by  the  Monongahela  and  its  tributaries,  a  tract  eqnal  to  six  counties 
of  the  size  of  the  county  of  Greene. 

This  proposition  the  Virginia  commissioners  rejected  in  an  ela- 
borate argument  in  which  all  the  points  made  by  the  Fennsylvanians 
were  considered,  and  they  close  with  the  following  counter  proposi- 
tion: "But  we  trust,  on  a  farther  consideration  of  the  objections 
of  Virginia  to  your  claim,  that  you  will  think  it  advantageous  to 
your  State  to  continue  Mason  and  Dixon's  line  to  your  western 
limits,  which  we  are  willing  to  establish  as  a  perpetual  boundary 
between  Virginia  and  Pennsylvania  on  the  south  side  of  the  last 
mentioned  State.  We  are  induced  to  make  this  proposal,  as  we 
think  that  the  same  principle  which  effected  the  compromise  between 
Pennsylvania  and  Maryland  should  operate  equally  as  strong  in 
the  present  case."  This  proposition  was  the  line  which  eventual- 
ly prevailed  and  is  the  present  boundary. 

But  the  Pennsylvania  commissioners  were  unwilling  to  give  up 
the  territory  reaching  down  to  the  beginning  of  the  40°.  They  ac- 
cordingly made  this  compensatory  proposition:  "That  Mason  and 
Dixon's  line  should  be  extended  so  far  beyond  the  western  limits  of 
Pennsylvania,  as  that  a  meridian  drawn  from  the  western  extremity 
of  it  to  the  beginning  of  the  43°  of  north  latitude,  shall  include 
as  much  land  as  \vill  make  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  what  it  was 
originally  intended  to  be,  viz:  three  degrees  in  breadth,  and  five  de- 
grees in  length,  excepting  so  much  as  has  been  heretofore  relin- 
quished to  Maryland."  This  would  have  put  on  to  the  western  end 
of  the  State  a  narrow  patch,  embracing  the  Panhandle  and  a  part 
of  Ohio,  stretching  up  to  the  lake,  which  should  be  equal  in  area  to 
the  block  of  West  Virginia,  which  Pennsylvania  would  give  up  if 
Mason  and  Dixon's  line  should  be  adopted. 

This  proposition  was  promptly  rejected,  and  the  following  sub- 
mitted: "  Considering  how  much  importance  it  may  be  to  the  fut- 
ure happiness  of  the  United  States,  that  every  cause  of  discord  be  now 
removed,  we  will  agree  to  relinquish  even  a  part  of  that  territory 
which  you  before  claimed,  but  which  we  still  think  is  not  included  in 
the  charter  of  Pennsylvania.  We,  therefore,  propose  that  a  line  run 
due  west  from  that  point  M'here  the  meridian  of  the  first  fountain  of 
the  north  branch  of  the  Potomac  meets  the  end  of  the  30',  of  the 
39°  of  northern  latitude,  five  degrees  of  longitude  to  be  computed 
from  that  part  of  the  river  Delaware  which  lies  in  the  same  parallel, 
shall  forevei"  be  the  boundary  of  Pennsylvania  and  Virginia,  on  the 
southern  part  of  the  last  mentioned  State."  This  gave  Pennsylvania 
a  break  south  into  West  Virginia,  not  to  the  amount  of  six  counties  of 
the  size  of  Greene,  but  less  than  two;  but  it  also  provided  that  the 
western  boundary  of  Pennsylvania   should,  instead   of  being  a  due 


,  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  261 

north  and  south  line,  conform  to  the  meanderin^s  of  the  Delaware, 
being  at  all  points  just  five  degrees  from  the  right  bank  of  that 
stream. 

To  this  the  Pennsylvania  commissioners  made  the  following  re- 
ply: ''We  will  agree  to  your  proposal  of  the  30th  of  August,  1779, 
for  running  and  forever  establishing  the  southern  boundary  of  Penn- 
sylvania in  the  latitude  of  thirty-nine  degrees,  thirty  minutes  west- 
ward of  the  meridian  of  the  source  of  the  north  branch  of  the  Poto- 
mac River,  upon  condition  that  you  consent  to  allow  a  meridian  line 
drawn  northward  from  the  western  extremity  thereof  as  far  as  Vir- 
ginia extends,  to  be  the  western  boundary  of  Pennsylvania."  This 
would  have  given  the  narrow  strip  of  West  Virginia,  and  a  due 
north   and  south  line  for  the  western  boundary  as  at  present. 

This  proposition  was  rejected  by  the  Virginia  representatives; 
but  they  submitted  in  lieu  thereof  the  following:  "  We  will  continue 
Mason  and  Dixon's  line  due  west  live  decrees  of  loncritude,  to  be 
computed  from  the  river  Delaware,  for  your  southern  boundary,  and 
will  agree  that  a  meridian  drawn  from  the  western  extremity  of  this 
line  to  your  northern  limit  shall  be  the  western  boundary  of  Penn- 
sylvania." 

To  this  the  Pennsylvania  commissioners  returned  the  following 
answer:  "  We  agree  to  your  last  proposal  of  August  31st,  1779,  to 
extend  Mason  and  Dixon's  line  due  w^est  five  degrees  of  longitude,  to 
be  computed  from  the  river  Delaware,  for  the  southern  boundary  of 
Pennsylvania;  and  that  a  meridian  drawn  from  the  western  extremity 
thereof  to  the  northern  limit  of  the  State,  be  the  western  boundary 
of  Pennsylvania  forever."  This  ended  the  conference  and  forever 
settled  the  southwestern  boundary  of  our  good  old  Commonwealth 
and  brought  to  an  end  a  controversy  that  at  one  time  threatened  to 
result  in  internecine  war. 

So  far  as  it  could  be  done  in  theory  the  controversy  was  now  at  an 
end,  though  the  approval  of  the  two  governments  was  yet  to  be  had, 
and  when  that  was  secured,  the  actual  running  of  the  lines  and  mark- 
ing the  boundaries,  Avhich,  as  the  sequel  proves,  were  subject  to 
delays  and  irritating  contentions.  The  labors  of  the  commissioners, 
who  held  their  sittings  in  Baltimore,  were  concluded  on  the  31st  of 
August,  1779.  The  Assembly  of  Pennsylvania,  at  the  sitting  of 
November  19th,  1779,  promptly  passed  a  resolution  "  to  ratify  and 
hnally  confirm  the  agreement  entered  into  between  the  commissioners 
from  the  State  of  Virginia,  and  the  commissioners  from  this  State." 
In  good  faith  Pennsylvania  promptly  acted.  But  the  Virginia  As- 
sembly delayed,  and  in  the  meantime  commissioners  had  been 
appointed  to  adjust  and  settle  titles  of  claimants  to  unpatented  lands. 
Altliough  the  commissioners  had  come  to  a  settlement  of  differences 
on  the  last  day  of  August,  as  hite  as  December  of  this   year,  Francis 


262  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

Peyton,  Phillip  Pendleton,  Joseph  Holmes,  and  George  Merriweather, 
land  commissioners  from  Virginia,  for  the  West  Augusta  district, 
embracing  the  counties  of  Yohogania,  Ohio,  and  Monongalia,  Virginia 
counties,  but  Westmoreland  County,  under  Pennsylvania  authority, 
came  to  Redstone  on  the  Monongahela,  and  held  a  court  at  which  a  large 
number  of  patents  were  granted  to  Virginia  claimants  to  vast  tracts 
of  the  choice  lands  along  the  Monongahela  valley  to  the  prejudice  of 
Pennsylvania  claimants,  though  it  was  now  known  that  all  this 
country,  by  the  award  of  the  Baltimore  conference,  was  within  the 
limits  of  Pennsjdvania.  Though  Virginia  could  claim  that  the  award 
had  not  been  ratified  by  the  Virginia  Assembly,  yet  high  minded 
statesmanship  would  have  held  that  all  questions  of  the  nature  of 
actual  sale  of  lands  should  have  been  held  in  abeyance,  at  this  stage 
of  the  settlement.  Tlje  surveys  of  lands  thus  adjudicated  averaged 
in  quantity  from  400  to  800  acres  to  each  claimant,  and  the  number 
of  claims  passed  upon  was  almost  fabulous. 

As  soon  as  intelligence  of  this  procedure,  on  the  part  of  Virginia, 
reached  the  council  of  Pennsylvania,  which  was  communicated  by 
Thomas  Scott,  as  member  of  the  council  from  the  Westmoreland 
district,  the  President  of  the  council,  Joseph  Reed,  addressed  the 
Continental  Congress  upon  the  subject,  in  which,  after  recounting 
the  facts,  he  says,  ''We  shall  make  such  remonstrance  to  the  State 
of  Virginia  as  the  interest  and  honor  of  this  State  require;  if  these 
should  be  ineffectual,  we  trust  we  shall  stand  justified  in  the  eyes  of 
God  and  man,  if,  availing  ourselves  of  the  means  we  possess,  we 
afford  that  support  and  aid  to  the  much  injured  and  distressed  inhabi- 
tants of  the  frontier  counties,  which  their  situation  and  our  duty 
require."  As  soon  as  the  state  of  afi^'airs  was  known  to  Congress,  a 
resolution  was  passed,  on  December  27th,  recommending  to  the  two 
parties  to  this  controversy  not  to  grant  any  part  of  the  disputed  land, 
nor  to  disturb  any  in  possession  of  such  lands,  and  on  the  following 
day,  the  President  of  the  council  of  Pennsylvania,  issued  his  procla- 
mation reciting  the  fact  that  a  Virginia  commission  was  sitting  at 
Redstone  issuing  certificates  for  land,  quoting  the  language  of  the 
resolution  of  Congress  upon  this  subject,  and  closing  by  calling  on 
all  Pennsylvania  oflicers,  civil  and  military,  to  obey  the  recommenda- 
tion of  Congress,  and  directing  all  Pennsylvania  claimants  of  land  to 
continue  in  possession  and  cultivation  of  their  lands,  regardless  of 
the  claims  set  up  by  Virginia.  Fifty  copies  of  this  proclamation 
were  sent  for  distribution  in  the  disputed  district.  But  the  Virginia 
commissioners  sitting  at  Redstone  refused  to  be  governed  by  the 
recommendation  of  Congress,  and  returned  the  reply  that  such  objec- 
tion should  be  made  to  the  Governor  of  Virginia,  under  whose 
authority  they  were  acting. 

The  authorities  of   Pennsylvania  were  now  becoming  thoroughly 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  263 

aroused,  and  on  the  24tli  of  March,  1780,  a  joint  address  of  the 
Council  and  Assembly  was  presented  to  Congress,  setting  forth  in 
strong  light  their  grievances,  and  closing  in  a  belligerent  spirit.  "  If 
Pennsylvania  must  arm  for  her  internal  defence,  instead  of  recruiting 
her  Continental  line,  if  her  attention  and  supplies  must  be  diverted 
in  like  manner,  if  the  common  enemy  encouraged  by  our  division 
should  prolong  the  war,  interests  of  our  sister  States  and  the  common 
cause  be  injured  or  distressed,  we  trust  we  shall  stand  acquitted 
before  them  and  the  whole  world ;  and  if  the  effusion  of  human  blood 
is  to  be  the  result  of  this  unhappy  dispute,  we  humbly  trust  that  the 
great  Governor  of  the  universe,  who  delights  in  peace,  equity  and 
justice,  will  not  impute  it  to  us." 

But  all  this  had  small  effect  upon  the  authorities  of  Virginia;  for 
the  Legislature,  which  met  in  May,  enacted  that  a  further  time  of 
eighteen  months  was  allowed  to  obtain  certilicates  from  the  commis- 
sioners to  enter  their  claims,  provided  they  did  not  secure  such 
certilicates  to  land  north  of  Mason  and  Dixon's  line,  claimed  by 
Pennsylvania,  yet  her  surveyors  continued  to  act  under  Virginia 
authority,  as  late  as  June,  1782. 

Finally,  on  the  23d  of  June,  1780,  the  Virginia  General  AssembW 
took  up  the  matter  of  boundary  and  agreed  to  the  terms  adopted  by  the 
Baltimore  commission,  but  with  this  important,  and  to  Pennsylvania, 
humiliating  condition:  "On  condition  tliat  the  private  property  and 
rights  of  all  persons*  acquired  under,  founded  on,  or  recognized  by 
the  laws  of  either  country  -premous  to  the  date  hereof^  be  saved  and 
confirmed  to  them,  although  they  should  be  found  to  fall  within  the 
other,  and  that  in  the  decision  of  disputes  thereupon  preference  shall 
be  given  to  the  elder  or  prior  right  whichever  of  the  said  States  the 
same  shall  have  been  acquired  under;  such  persons  paying  to  that 
State,  within  whose  boundary  their  land  shall  be  included,  the  same 
purchase  or  consideration  money  which  w'ould  have  been  due  from 
them  to  the  State  under  which  they  claimed  the  right;  and  where  any 
such  purchase  or  consideration  money  hath,  since  the  Declaration  of 
American  Independence,  been  received  by  either  State  for  lands  which, 
according  to  the  before  cited  agreement,  shall  fall  within  the  territory 
of  the  other,  the  same  shall  be  reciprocally  refunded  and  repaid. 
And  that  the  inhabitants  of  the  disputed  territory,  now  ceded  to  the 
State  of  Pennsylvania,  shall  not  before  the  first  day  of  December,  in 
the  present  year,  be  subject  to  the  payment  of  any  tax,  nor  at  any 
time  to  the  payment  of  arrears  of  taxes,  or  impositions  laid  by  either 
State." 

Though  distasteful  and  manife^ly  unjust  to  Pennsylvania,  yet 
"  determining  to  give  to.  the  world  the  most  unequivocal  proof  of 
their  earnest  desire  to  promote  peace  and  harmony  with  a  sister  State, 
so  necessary  during  this  great  conflict  against  the  common  enemy," 


264  HISTORY    OF    GREEISTE    COUNTY. 

it  agreed  to  the   terms  proposed,  and  the  legal   forms  of  settlement 
were  finally  at  an  end. 

Nothing  now  remained  to  be  done  but  to  have  the  actual  surveys 
made  upon  this  basis  of  settlement,  and  to  set  up  the  bounds,  in  order 
to  close  the  controversy.  On  the  21st  of  February,  1781,  John 
Lukins  and  Archibald  McLean  were  appointed  on  the  part  of  Penn- 
sylvania, and  on  the  17th  of  April,  James  Madison  and  Robert  An- 
drews, on  the  part  of  Virginia,  to  make  these  surveys.  Thomas 
Jefferson  was  at  this  time  Governor  of  Virginia,  and  he  recom- 
mended that  the  five  degrees  of  longitude  be  determined  by  astrono- 
mical observations,  as  being  the  most  accurate,  though  Mason  and 
Dixon  had  made  actual  measurement  and  reduced  it  to  horizontal 
distance,  and  offered  to  send  westward  the  instruments  necessary, 
viz:  ''a  good  time-piece,  telescopes  and  a  quadrant."  That  there 
should  be  no  interruption  from  disaffected  parties,  James  Marshall 
was  ordered  to  call  out  a  company  of  militia  to  the  number  of  forty 
to  act  as  a  guard.  As  the  careful  survey  and  marking  of  the  line 
would  unavoidably  consume  considerable  time,  Governor  Jefferson 
proposed  that  a  temporary  line  be  run  from  the  point  where  Mason 
and  Dixon  stopped  on  Dunkard  Creek,  a  distance  of  thirty-six  miles, 
in  order  that  the  settlers  might  know  as  soon  as  possible  under  what 
State  government  they  were  living.  Mr.  McLean  was  appointed  on 
this  service  from  Pennsylvania,  and  the  Surveyor-General  of  Yoho- 
gania  County  for  Virginia.  Li  the  meantime  it  was  ascertained  that 
there  was  a  party  among  the  settlers  who  were  strongly  opposed  to 
the  running  of  the  line,  preferring  to  remain  under  Virginia  rule, 
and  gratified  to  see  the  question  kept  open,  as  thereby  escaping  the 
payment  of  taxes  and  doing  military  service. 

Benjamin  Harrison  succeeded  Thomas  Jefferson  as  Governor  of 
Virginia,  and  in  a  communication  of  the  26th  of  April,  1782,  he 
objects  to  commencing  to  survey  from  Dunkard  Creek  where 
Mason  and  Dixon  left  it;  but  insists  that  it  shall  begin  at 
the  point  where  the  west  line  of  Maryland  cuts  Mason  and  Dixon's 
line.  But  now  a  new  impediment  is  interposed  to  the  running  of 
the  temporary  line;  for  Mr.  McLean  writes  to  Governor  Moore  of 
Pennsylvania,  "  We  proceeded  to  the  mouth  of  Dunkard  Creek,  where 
our  stores  were  laid  in  on  the  10th  day  of  June,  and  were  preparing 
to  cross  the  river  that  night,  when  a  party  of  about  thirty  horsemen 
armed  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river,  appeared,  damning  us  to 
come  over,  and  threatening  us  to  a  great  degree;  and  several  more 
were  seen  by  our  bullock  guard,  which  we  had  sent  over  the  river, 
one  of  which  asked  them  if  tilsy  would  surrender  to  be  taken  as 
prisoners,  with  other  language  of  menacing."  A  conference  was 
proposed,  and  a  committee  of  the  settlers  opposing  was  met,  but  no 
arguments  were  of  any  avail   with  them.     "The  cry,"  writes  Mr. 


j^ssa^.^'?^. 


^5^^ 


a   -> 


M^^ 


(lAii^'f  cy^cCa- 


77  2^^^^n^^ 


HISTORY  OF  gkeenp:  county.  267 

JMcLeaii,  "  against  taxes  in  specie  is  general;  this,  together  with  the 
idea  of  a  new  State,  which  is  artfnllj  and  industriously  conveyed,  are 
only  expedients  to  prevent  the  running  of  the  line." 

Finally,  on  the  26th  of  March,  1783,  John  Dickinson,  who  had 
now  become  Governor  of  Pennsylvania,  issued  his  proclamation,  com- 
manding all  persons  within  the  limits  of  the  commonwealth  to  take 
notice  of  the  provisions  made  by  the  two  States  for  running  the  line, 
and  "to  pay  due  obedience  to  the  laws  of  this  commonwealth,"  On 
September  11,  1783,  the  following  persons  were  appointed  on  the 
part  of  Pennsylvania:  John  Evving,  David  Kittenhouse,  John  Lukens 
and  Thomas  Ilutchins,  and  on  August  31  the  following,  James 
Madison,  Robert  Andrews,  John  Page  and  Andrew  Ellicott,  on  the 
part  of  Virginia,  were  designated  to  make  a  final  settlement  of  the 
bounds.  Their  joint  report  is  as  follows:  "AVe,  the  underwritten 
commissioners,  together  with  the  gentlemen  with  whom  we  are 
joined  in  commission,  have,  by  corresponding  astronomical  observa- 
tions made  near  the  Delaware  and  in  the  western  country,  ascertained 
the  extent  of  the  said  five  degrees  of  longitude;  and  the  underwritten 
commissioners  have  continued  Mason  and  Dixon's  line  to  the  termin- 
ation of  the  said  rive  degrees  of  longitude,  by  which  Avork  the  south- 
ern boundary  of  Pennsylvania  is  completed.  The  continuation  we 
have  marked  by  opening  vistas  over  the  most  remarkable  heiglits 
which  lie  in  the  course,  and  by  planting  on  many  of  these  heights 
in  the  parallel  of  latitude,  the  true  boundary  posts  marked  with  the 
letters  P  and  Y,  each  letter  facing  the  State  of  which  it  is  the  initial. 
At  the  extremity  of  this  line,  which  is  the  southwest  corner  of  the 
State  of  Pennsylvania,  we  have  planted  a  squared  unlettered  white 
oak  post,  around  whose  base  we  have  raised  a  pile  of  stones."  At 
the  Wilmington  observatory  the  commissioners  commenced  their 
observations  at  the  beginning  of  July,  and  continued  observing  the 
eclipses  of  Jupiter's  satellites  till  the  20th  of  September,  that  they 
might  have  a  sufficient  number  of  them,  both  before  and  after  his 
opposition  to  the  sun,  making  near  sixty  observations.  At  the  other 
extremity  of  the  line  the  observations  were  commenced  about  the 
middle  of  July,  and  between  forty  and  fifty  notes  of  the  eclipses  of 
Jupiter's  satellites,  besides  innumerable  observations  of  the  sun  and 
stars  were  made,  and  "  completed  their  observations  with  so  much 
accuracy  as  to  remove  from  their  minds  every  degree  of  doubt  con- 
cerning their  final  determination  of  the  southwest  corner  of  the 
State." 

Thus  was  settled  the  location  of  the  southwest  corner  of  the 
State,  and  consequently  of  Greene  County.  But  the  western  bound- 
ary was  still  unmarked,  though  this,  being  a  simple  meridian  line, 
was  not  difficult  of  adjustment.  Accordingly  a  commission,  consist- 
ing of  David  Rittenhouse  and  Andrew  Porter,  in  behalf  of  Pennsyl- 


268  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

vania,  Andrew  Ellicott,  of  Maryland,  and  Joseph  Neville,  of  Vir- 
c^inia,  was  constituted  for  this  purpose,  and  on  the  23d  of  August, 
1785,  made  this  report:  "We  have  carried  on  a  meridian  line  from 
the-  southwest  corner  of  Pennsylvania,  northward  to  the  River 
Ohio,  ""  ''^  *  and  we  have  likewise  placed  stones  duly  marked 
on  most  of  the  ])rincipal  hills,  and  where  the  line  strikes  the  Ohio." 
From  the  Ohio  River  northward  the  line  was  surveyed  by  Alex- 
ander McLean  and  Andrew  Porter,  Rittenhouse  and  Ellicott  having 
been  put  upon  the  northern  line,  between  New  York  and  Pennsyl- 
vania, who  made  their  final  report  on  the  4th  of  October,  1786, 
"  that  we  have  ascertained  and  completed  said  line  by  astronomical 
observations  as  far  as  Lake  Erie,  having  opened  a  vista  and  planted 
stones  in  the  proper  direction,  marked  on  the  east  side  P.,  and  that 
said  line  extends  some  distance  in  the  lake."  Thus  was  finally 
settled  amicably  the  question  of  boundary,  which  for  the  full  space 
of  a  hundred  years  had  vexed  the  inhabitants  of  the  boi-der  and  the 
governments  of  three  of  the  original  colonies,  and  which  had  re- 
peatedly been  carried  up  to  the  place  of  last  resort,  the  King  in 
council.  Considerable  space  has  been  given  to  this  subject,  that  it 
might  here  be  fully  understood  in  all  its  bearings,  as  Greene  is  the 
county  most  nearly  touched  in  this  whole  difficulty,  and  as  it  fur- 
nishes one  of  the  most  interesting  topics  of  American  history. 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  269 


CHAPTER    XVII. 

Titles  to  Lands  Largely  Derived  from  Virginia  Authority — - 
Crumrine  Gives  Entries — Petitions  for  a  New  County — 
Washington  County  Organized — County  Officers — Tribula- 
tions— George  Rogers  Clark's  Expedition — To  Advocate 
New  State,  Treason — County  Officers — Henry  Taylor  First 
Judge — Alleghany  County  Erected — Portion  taken  from 
Washington  County — Boundary  of  T:^act  taken  from  Wash- 
ington County,  which  Forms  the  Southern  Part  of  Alle- 
ghany. 

AS  we  have  already  seen,  tliat  portion  of  the  present  State  of  Penn- 
sylvania west  of  the  Laurel  Hills  and  south  of  the  Alleghany 
and  Ohio  rivers  was  embraced  in  three  counties  under  Virginia 
authority,  and  though  the  County  of  AVestnioreland  with  county  seat 
at  Hannastown,  near  the  present  Greensburg,  embraced  this  same 
territory,  at  which  courts  were  held  under  Pennsylvania  authority, 
yet  the  greater  share  of  the  county  court  and  county  ofhce  record 
business  in  all  that  territory  of  Pennsylvania  west  of  the  Mononga- 
hela  and  south  of  the  Ohio  rivers  was  transacted  in  Virginia  County 
courts,  for  a  period  of  a  dozen  or  more  years,  and  until  the  southwest 
corner  of  Pennsylvania  was  finally  discovered,  and  a  bound  set  to 
mark  it.  That  spot  which  three  great  States  had  been  searching  for 
and  struggling  about,  and  which  was  disturbing  the  quiet  even  of 
the  King  in  council,  and  rendering  his  life  uneasy,  was  at  last  dis- 
covered and  marked,  and  from  that  time  forward  the  minds  of  the 
pioneers  became  settled,  and  Assembly,  and  Governors,  and  King  had 
peace.  Indeed  that  white  oak  post  with  the  cone  of  stone  piled 
about  it  was  the  great  peace-maker,  more  potent  in  its  authority  than 
governments  and  courts.  That  post,  which  marks  the  southwest 
corner  of  Greene  County,  set  up  the  Pennsylvania  authority  over 
this  region,  which  for  the  space  of  more  than  a  hundred  years  has 
been  unquestioned  and  undisturbed. 

It  will  be  remembered  that  the  commissioners  of  the  two  States 
of  Pennsylvania  and  Virginia  had.  agreed  upon  terms  of  settlement 
of  the  dispute,  as  early  as  the  31st  of  August,  1779,  and  had  these 
terms  been  approved  by  the  two  State  governments  at  once,  and  the 
astronomical  observations  been  promptly  ordered,  the  place  of  the 
corner    might   have  been  easily  found,  and  the  bound  set    up    before 


270  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

the  opening  of  the  year  1780.  But  on  account  of  the  delay  on  the 
part  of  the  Virginia  assembly  in  acting,  and  then  the  seeming  inter- 
minable delays  in  ordering  out  the  surveying  parties,  it  was  the  close 
of  1784  before  the  reports  of  the  surveyors  were  adopted  and  the 
whole  subject  legalized  and  set  to  rest.  In  all  this  time,  therefore, 
the  courts  under  Virginia  authority  were  kept  busy  in  making  entries 
and  perfecting  titles  to  land.  Hence,  it  will  be  found  that 
a  large  proportion  of  the  original  titles  to  lands  in  the  present  limits 
of  Greene  County  were  obtained  under  Virginia  authority.  The 
records  of  these  Virginia  courts  are  of  interest  to  the  students  of  legal 
lore;  but  would  probably  fail  to  engage  the  attention  of  the  general 
reader.  Mr.  Crurarine,  in  his  history  of  Washington  County,  has 
made  quite  an  extensive  collation  of  these  records,  to  whicli  work  the 
curious  reader  is  referred. 

The  settlers  in  the  district  of  Pennsylvania,  who  were  adherents 
of  the  Pennsylvania  rule,  as  soon  as  they  learned  that  the  commis- 
sioners had  agreed  upon  terms  of  settlement  of  the  disputed  bound- 
ary, commenced  addressing  the  Governor  upon  the  propriety  of  form- 
ing a  new  county  of  this  territory.  Among  these  was  Thomas  Scott, 
who  had  been  prominent  in  Lord  Dunmore's  time.  Governor  Peed, 
who  was  now  at  the  head  of  the  government  in  Pennsylvania,  regard- 
ing the  sul)ject  favorably,  in  a  message  to  the  council  of  Nov.  6, 
1780,  recommended  the  laying  off  of  "  one  or  more  counties  so  as  to 
introduce  law,  order,  and  good  government,  where  they  have  long 
been  much  needed."  In  compliance  with  this  recommendation,  as  ear- 
ly as  the  28th  of  March,  1781,  the  act  was  passed  erecting  Washington 
County,  to  comprise  all  of  the  territory  inclosed  by  the  Monongahela 
and  Ohio  rivers  and  the  south  and  west  bounds  of  the  State,  em- 
bracing what  are  now  the  counties  of  Greene,  AVashington,  and 
parts  of  Alleghany  and  Beaver.  Authority  was  given  for  the  elec- 
tion of  inspectors  of  election  of  members  of  the  Assembly  and 
Council,  two  sheriffs,  two  coroners,  and  three  commissioners.  By 
the  tenth  section  it  was  "  made  lawful  to  and  for  James  Edgar, 
Hugh  Scott,  Van  Swearingen,  Daniel  Leet,  and  John  Armstrong  or 
any  three  of  them,  to  take  up  or  purchase,  and  to  take  assurance  to 
them  and  their  heirs,  of  a  piece  of  land  situated  in  some 
convenient  place  in  the  said  county,  in  trust  and  for  the  use 
of  the  inhabitants  of  the  said  county,  and  thereupon  to  erect 
and  build  a  court-house  and  prison,  snfhcient  to  accommodate 
the  public  service  of  the  said  county."  Full  provisions  were  made 
for  the  transfer  of  authority^  from  Westmoreland  courts  to  Washing- 
ton, and  the  executive  council  appointed  Thomas  Scott  to  be  protho- 
notary,  James  Marshall  lieutenant,  and  John  Cannon  and  Daniel 
Leet  to  be  sub-lieutenants  of  the  new  county. 

It  will  be  observed  that  the  act  creating  the  County  of  Washing- 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  271 

ton  antedjited  the  iinal  running  and  marking  of  the  boundary  line  by- 
several  years.  During  all  this  period  of  uncertainty  there  was  con- 
stant friction  and  irritation.  Indeed  the  oro^anization  of  Wasliinffton 
as  well  as  Westmoreland  County,  was  eflected  in  the  midst  of  great 
tribulation,  and  the  decision  on  the  part  of  Pennsylvania,  not  to  re- 
sort to  force  to  assert  authority,  tended  to  encourage  those  favoring 
the  Virginia  ownership  in  their  lawless  procedures.  Tiie  Indians 
during  the  whole  period  of  the  Eevolntion,  and  until  General  "Mad" 
Anthony  Wayne,  by  his  victory  over  the  Indians  in  his  campaign  in 
the  northwestern  territory,  put  a  period  to  Indian  barbarity, 
there  was  scarcely  a  day  when  the  settlers  did  not  live  in  constant 
dread  of  the  Indian  war  whoop. 

A  commission,  consisting  of  Edgar,  Scott,  Swaringen,  Leet,  and 
Armstrong,  proceeded  to  divide  the  territory  into  thirteen  townships, 
the  number  of  the  colonies,  Amwell,  Bethlehem,  Cecil;  Cumberland, 
Donegal,  Fallowfield,  Hopewell,  Morgan,  jNottingham,  Peters,  Kob- 
inson,  Smith  and  Strabane.  Preparations  were  in  progress,  nnder 
George  Pogers  Clark,  for  an  expedition  against  the  Britisli  and 
Indians  in  the  northwest,  and  the  Virginia  authorities  in 
the  three  counties  of  Ohio,  Yoliogania,  and  Monongalia,  pro- 
ceeded to  raise  troops  by  drafting,  and  the  irritation  incident  to  en- 
forcing the  draft  tended  to  keep  up  the  discontent.  Again  was  the 
project  for  a  new  State  revived,  as  the  best  panacea  for  all  ills.  This 
latter  idea  was  so  much  advocated  and  kept  before  the  settlers,  that  it 
was  fonnd  necessary  to  pass  an  act  declaring  it  was  treason  to  longer 
agitate  this  (juestion. 

At  the  first  general  election  for  Washington,  the  returns  show 
that  Dorsey  Pentecost  was  elected  counselor;  James  Edgar,  and 
John  Cannon  were  elected  representatives;  Van  Swearingen,  and 
Andrew  Swearingen,  sheriffs;  William  McFarlane  and  William  Mc- 
Comb,  coroners;  George  Vallandingham,  Thomas  Crooks,  John  Mc- 
Dowell, commissioners.  -Henry  Taylor  as  the  first  commissioned 
jnstice,  was  president  ot  the  court,  and  was  succeeded  on  the  31st  of 
October,  1783,  by  Dorsey  Pentecost;  but  on  the  29th  of  November, 
1786,  Pentecost  having  removed  from  the  State,  his  commission  was 
revoked  by  the  council,  and  Henry  Taylor  again  became  president 
judge,  which  otfice  he  held  till  he  was  superceded  by  the  appointment 
of  Alexander  Addison,  under  the  constitution  of  1790.  The  limits 
of  Washington  County  as  originally  laid  out  seemed  very  natural, 
bounded  as  it  was  by  two  great  streams  and  the  State  limits.  But 
the  town  of  Pittsburg  soon  becoming  a  point  of  great  commercial 
and  manufacturing  importance  it  proved  a  sore  inconvenience  for 
its  inhabitants  to  post  ofi'  to  Hannastown  for  the  transaction  of  legal 
business.  Accordingly,  on  the  28tli  of  September,  1788,  Alleghany 
County  was  erected,  by  which  Washington   County  gave  up  all  that 


272  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

])ortioii  of  its  iiortheni  territory  bordering  on  the  Ohio  and  Monon- 
guhela  rivers,  and  by  act  of  assembly  passed  on  the  17th  of  Septem- 
ber, 1789,  a  still  further  portion  bounded  as  follows:  "Beginning 
at  the  river  Ohio,  where  the  boundary  line  of  the  State  crosses  said 
river,  from  thence  in  a  straight  line  to  White's  Mill  (Murdocksville) 
on  Raccoon  Creek,  from  thence  by  a  straight  line  to  Armstrong's 
mill,  on  Miller's  run,  and  from  thence  by  a  straight  line  to  the 
Monongahela  River,  opposite  the  mouth  of  Perry's  run,  where  it 
strikes  the  present  line  of  the  county  of  Alleghany." 


CHAPTER  XYIII. 


Curtailments  of  Washington  County — County  Seat  Not  Central 
Act  Creating  Greene  County — Name  Given — Notice  of 
General  Greene — Where  Buried — Acquire  Land  for  County 
Seat — Land  of  Thomas  Slater — Deed  —  Named  Eden  — 
'Streets  Najied — Cider  and  Whiskey — Name  of  the  New 
Town — General  Wayne,  Notice  of — Incident  Described  by 
Whitman — Purchasers  of  Lots — Prices  Paid — Commissions 
Issued  to  County  Officers — Court  of  Common  Pleas,  Five 
Districts — Judge  Addison — Notkm':  of  his  Life — Impeached 
AND  Removed — Charges  Preferred  Against  Him — Sentence 
of  Court — Associate  Justices — Ju]:)Ge  Roberts — Thomas  H. 
Baird  Over  the  New  Fourteenth  District— N>)Tice  of  Judge 
Baird — National  Road,  Nathaniel  Ewing  in  1838 — Term 
Ten  Years — Notice  of  Judge  Ewing — Samuel  A.  Gilmore 
in  1848— Notice  of  Judge  Gilmore — James  Lindsey  in  1861 
— Notice  of  Judge  Lindsey — Minute  of  Fayette  County 
Court. 

BY  these  curtailments  of  Washington  County  on  the  north,  and 
the  farther  one  made  on  the  26th  of  March,  1800,  for  the  forma- 
tion of  Beaver  County,  the  county  seat,  which  had  been  established 
at  what  is  now  the  town  of  Washington,  was  thrown  considerably  to 
the  north  of  the  centre  of  the  territory,  and  the  inhabitants  dwelling 
in  the  southern  portions  of  the  county  became  restless,  under  what 
they  regarded  an  injustice  in  being  compelled  to  travel  so  much 
farther  to  the  county  seat  than  those  dwelling  in  the  northern  por- 
tions.    Accordingly,  in  response  to  a  memorial  numerously  signed, 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  273 

praying  for  tlie  erection  of  a  new  county  out  of  the  southern  por- 
tions of  Washingtou,  the  Legislature  passed  an  act  on  the  9th  of 
February,  1796,  as  follows:  "Section  1.  Be  it  enacted^  etc.^  That  all 
that  part  of  Washington  County  lying  within  the  limits  and  bounds 
hereinafter  described  shall  be,  and  is  hereby  erected  into  a  separate 
county,  that  is  to  say  l)eginning  at  the  mouth  of  Ten  Mile  Creek, 
on  the  Monongahela  River,  thence  up  Ten  Mile  Creek,  to  the  junction 
of  the  north  and  south  forks  of  said  creek;  thence  up  said  north 
fork  to  Colonel  William  Wallace's  Mills  [West  Bethlehem];  thence 
up  a  southwesterly  direction  to  the  nearest  part  of  the  dividing  line 
between  the  north  and  south  forks  of  Ten  Mile  Creek;  tlience  along 
the  top  of  the  said  ridge  to  the  ridge  which  divides  the  waters  of 
Ten  Mile  and  Wheeling  Creeks;  thence  a  straight  line  to  the  head 
of  Enlow's  branch  of  the  Wheeling;  thence  down  said  branch  to 
the  western  boundary  line  of  the  State;  thence  south  along  said  line 
to  the  southern  boundary  line  of  the  State;  tlience  east  along  said 
line  to  the  river  Monongahela;  and  thence  down  the  said  river  to 
the  place  of  beginning;  to  be  henceforth  known  and  called  bj  the 
name  of  Greene  County." 

This  gave  a  very  compact  and  well  sitnated  body  of  land  for  a 
county,  and  connected  by  I'oads  of  easy  grades  for  reaching  its  cen- 
tral portion,  wherever  the  county  seat  should  be  erected.  But  there 
being  some  dissatisfaction  as  to  a  portion  of  the  northern  line,  the 
Legislature,  at  its  session  of  1802,  made  the  following  emendation, 
viz:  "  that  the  following  alteration  shall  take  place  in  the  line  between 
the  counties  of  Washington  and  Greene,  viz:  beginning  at  the  pres- 
ent line,  on  the  ridge  that  divides  the  waters  of  Ten  Mile  and  Wheel- 
ing creeks,  near  Jacob  Bobbet's;  thence  a  straight  line  to  the  head 
waters  of  Hunter's  fork  of  Wheeling  Creek;  and  thence  down  the 
same  to  the  mouth  thereof,  where  it  meets  the  present  county  line." 
This  gave  back  to  Washington  a  small  strip  of  territory,  not  material 
to  Greene,  but  desired  by  Washington, 

*  It  will  be  seen  that  a  patriotic  motive  swayed  the  originators  of 
AVashington  County  in  giving  its  name.  General  Washington  was 
then  at  the  zenith  of  his  military  fame,  and  was  approaching  that 
period  in  his  career  when  he  should  compel  the  British  General, 
Cornwallis,  to  surrender  with  his  whole  army,  which  would  practi- 
cally put  a  period  to  the  war.  This  county  was  the  only  one  erected 
in  the  State  during  the  period  of  the  Revolution.  What  more  suit- 
able name  could  be  given  it  than  that  of  the  military  leader  whose 
name  was  on  every  tongue? 

If  Washington  was  an  appropriate  name  for  all  this  stretch  of 
country  lying  to  the  west  of  the  Monongahela,  what  name  more 
proper  for  the  tract,  cut  from  the  side  of  Washington — the  rib  as  it 


274  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

were — than  Greene,  that  one  of  his  Generals  above  all  others,  whom 
Wasliington  loved? 

Nathaniel  Greene  was  born  of  Quaker  parents  in  1740,  at  War- 
wick, Rhode  Island.  His  father  was  a  blacksmith,  in  which  trade 
the  boy  was  schooled,  or  rather  an  anchorsmith;  for  at  this  time  this 
was  one  of  the  most  considerable  of  all  the  States  in  mercantile  ma- 
rine. While  yet  a  youth  he  learned  the  Latin  languao^e,  and  became 
well-read  in  military  liistory.  He  was  chosen  a  member  of  the 
Rhode  Island  Legislature  when  he  had  scarcely  attained  his  majority. 
When  intelligence  reached  him  of  the  battle  of  Lexington,  his  mil- 
itary ardor,  as  well  as  his  burning  patriotism,  was  aroused,  and  he 
determined  to  take  up  arms  for  the  defense  of  his  imperiled  country, 
and  was  appointed  to  lead  the  three  regiments  raised  in  his  State  to 
the  army  of  Observation  then  stationed  at  Roxbury,  Massachusetts. 
This  act  of  the  young  Quaker  cost  him  his  membership  in  that  body. 
The  practiced  eye  of  Washington  soon  detected  his  cool  judgment 
and  zeal  for  the  cause,  and  recommended  his  appointment  in  the  fol- 
lowing year  as  Major-General  in  the  Continental  Army,  a  remarkable 
promotion  from  a  plain  officer  of  State  Militia;  but,  as  events  sub- 
seipiently  showed,  worthily  bestowed.  He  served  with  distinction 
in  the  battles  of  Trenton,  Princton,  Brandywine  and  Germantown, 
when  he  was  appointed  Quartermaster-General  of  the  American 
Army,  a  position  of  great  difficulty  and  responsibility  in  view  of  the 
straightened  circumstances  of  the  colonies,  and  the  absolute  neces- 
sity that  the  troops  be  fed.  In  1780  he  was  assigned  to  active  duty 
in  the  field,  and  was  invested  with  the  supreme  command  of  the 
armies  of  the  South,  relievincr  General  Gates.  At  the  conclusion  of 
the  war  he  returned  to  Rhode  Island;  but  soon  after  returned  to 
Georgia  to  look  after  an  estate  near  Savannah.  Not  mindful  of  the 
intensity  of  the  Southern  sun,  he  was  overcome  by  the  heat  in  what 
is  commonly  known  as  "sun  stroke,*'  and  died  from  its  effects  on  the 
19th  of  June,  1786,  at  the  early  age  of  forty-six.  His  body  was 
placed  in  a  vault  in  Savannah,  but  so  imperfect  was  the  burial  that 
no  name  or  o:her  means  of  indentification  existed,  and  when,  in 
1820,  a  search  was  made  for  his  remains,  they  could  not  be  found, 
and  no  one  knows  the  sepulchre  of  the  ablest  of  Washington's  Gen- 
erals. But  the  Congress  of  the  new  nation  was  prompt  in  acknowl- 
edging his  services,  and  on  the  8th  of  x\ugust  of  that  year  passed  the 
following^  resolution:  "That  a  monument  be  erected  to  Nathaniel 
Greene,  Esq.,  at  the  seat  of  the  Federal  Government,  with  the  fol- 
lowing inscription:  'Sacred  to  the  memory  of  Nathaniel  Greene,  a 
native  of  the  State  of  Rhode  Island,  who  died  on  the  19th  of  June, 
1786;  late  Major-General  in  the  service  of  the  United  States,  and 
commander  of  their  army  in  the  Southern  Department.  The  United 
States,  in  Congress  assembled,  in  honor  of  his  patriotism,  valor,  and 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  277 

ability,  have  erected  this  monument,'  "  It  lias  been  said  of  hi m  that, 
"In  person  General  Greene  was  rather  corpulent,  and  above  the 
common  size.  His  complexion  was  fair  and  llorid;  his  countenance 
serene  and  mild.  His  health  was  generally  delicate,  but  was  pre- 
served by  temperance  and  exercise." 

By  the  act  erecting  the  new  county  it  was  provided  that  David 
Gray,  Stephen  Gapin,  Isaac  Jenkinson,  William  Meetkerke  and  James 
Seals  be  appointed  commissioners  to  procure  by  grant,  bargain,  or 
otherwise  any  quantity  of  land  not  exceeding  five  hundred  acres, 
within  five  miles  of  the  center  of  the  county,  and  survey  and  lay  out 
the  same  into  town  lots;  and  on  due  notice  given  sell  lots  at  public 
auction,  so  many  lots  as  to  raise  a  fund  sufiicient,  with  certain  Coun- 
ty taxes,  to  pay  for  the  purchase  of  the  land  and  the  erection  of  a 
court-house  and  prison.  Until  a  court-house  was  erected  the  courts 
were  directed  to  be  held  at  the  house  of  Jacol>  Kline,  on  Muddy 
Creek. 

In  pursuance  of  the  power  thus  delegated  to  the  above  named 
commissioners,  a  site  for  the  county  seat  was  selected  in  a  fine  sweep 
of  the  South  Fork  of  Ten  Mile  Creek,  on  land  owned  by  Thomas 
Slater,  James  Seals  owning  land  to  the  north  of  it,  and  John  Jones 
to  the  south  of  it.  Among  the  first  records  in  the  books  of  the 
Prothonotary's  office  is  "  Deed  of  Thomas  Slater  and  Uxor  to  the 
Trustees  of  Greene  County.  This  indenture  made  the  twenty-eighth 
day  of  October,  in  the  year  1796,  between  Thomas  Slater  and  Elenor, 
his  wife  on  the  one  part,  and  David  Gray,  Stephen  Gapin,  AYilliam 
Meetkerke,  Isaac  Jenkinson  and  James  Seals,  trustees  appointed  for 
the  county  of  Greene,  by  an  act  of  the  general  assembly  of  the  State 
of  Pennsylvania,  dated  the  9th  day  of  February,  1796,  entitled  an 
act  to  erect  a  part  of  Washington  County  into  a  separate  county  of 
the  other  part.  Whereas,  a  certain  tract  of  land  called  Eden,  was 
granted  to  the  said  Thomas  Slater  by  patent  dated  7tli  of  March, 
1789,  and  enrolled  in  the  PolFs  office  of  said  State  in  patent  book 
number  14,  page  507,  etc.  Now  this  Indenture  witnesseth  that  the 
said  Thomas  and  Elenor  his  wife,  for  and  in  consideration  of  the 
sum  of  $2,376,  lawful  money  of  Pennsylvania  to  them  in  hand  paid 
by  the  said  [commissioners],  for  and  in  behalf  of  of  the  county  of 
Greene  the  receipt  of  which  is  hereby  acknowledged,  and  the  said 
Thomas  Slater  and  Elenor  his  wife,  therewith  fully  satisfied  and  paid, 
have  granted,  bargained  and  sold,  and  by  these  present  do  grant, 
bargain  and  sell  unto  the  said  [commissioners]  in  trust  for  the  use 
of  the  county  of  Greene,  and  for  the  purpose  of  erecting  thereon  a 
Court  House  and  Gaol  and  other  public  buildings  for  the  use  of  the 
said  county  all  the  following  described  and  bounded  part  of  the  said 
tract  of  land  that  is  contained  in  the  following  bounds  and  limits: 
Beginning  at  a  post  and  running  thence  by  said  Slater's  land  east 

14 


278  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

218  perches  to  a  post  in  John  Jones'  line,  thence  witli  tlie  same 
south  12°  ^  east  128  perches  to  a  post,  thence  by  said  Slater's  land 
west  188  perches,  to  a  thorn  bush  on  the  bank  of  the  South  Fork  of 
Ten  Mile  Creek,  thence  up  the  same,  and  by  land  of  James  Seals 
north  43°  and  ^  west  17  perches  ^\^  to  a  white  walnut  tree,  north 
41°  ^  west  47  perches  y^jj  to  a  white  oak,  north  15°  west  32  perches 
to  the  place  of  beginning,  containing  158  acres  ^  strict  measure,  be 
the  same  more  or  less,  together  with  all  and  singular,  the  appurten- 
ance unto  the  same  belonging,  or  in  any  ways  appurtaining,  and  the 
reversions,  and  remainder  rents,  issues  and  prolits  thereof.  To  have  and 
to  hold  the  said  bounded  and  sold  tract  of  land  and  premises  with  the 
appurtenances  unto  the  said  [commissioners]  and  their  assigns  to  the 
only  proper  use  and  behoof  of  the  said  [commissioners]  in  trust  for 
the  use  aforesaid,  and  according  to  the  true  intent  and  meaning  of 
the  above  cited  act  of  Assembly,  and  the  said  Thomas  Slater  and 
Elenor  his  wife,  for  themselves,  their  heirs,  executors,  and  admin- 
istrators do  hereby  covenant,  promise  and  grant  to  and  with  the  said 
[commissioners]  and  their  assigns  that  they  the  said  Thomas  Slater 
and  Elenor  his  wife,  the  aforesaid  tract  of  land  containing  158  acres 
and  ^  strict  measure  against  them  and  their  heirs,  and  against  all  and 
and  every  other  person  or  persons  lawfully  claiming  the  same  shall 
and  will  warrant  and  forever  defend  by  these  presents.  In  testi- 
mony whereof  they  have  hereunto  set  their  hands  and  seals  the  day 
and  year  first  above  written. 

Sealed  and  Delivered  in   ]         Received  the  day  and  year  within  writ- 
presence  of  [  ten  of  • 

Dan.  M('Faklani),  [        $2,376  being  consideration  money  with- 

PniLip  .Ketciium.  J  in  mentioned  in  full. 

Thomas  Slater. 

AYitness  Acknowledged  before 

Jan.  Thompson,  Wm.  Seaton. 

Christian  Fair.  Received  28th  October,  1796. 

Examined 

John  Borkman,  Recorder." 

This  tract  of  land  thus  promptly  obtained  and  secured  by  deed 
in  trust,  then  only  encumbered  by  the  cabin  of  its  owner,  has  come 
to  be  the  home  of  a  numerous  and  busy  population,  distinguished  for 
intelligence,  and  the  seat  of  justice  for  tliis  beautiful  and  well  settled 
county.  It  would  seem  by  reference  to  the  provisions  of  the  above 
recited  deed,  that  the  original  owner  had  given  it  the  name  of  Eden, 
a  name  not  inappropriate,  when  we  consider  its  location,  upon  this 
commanding  ground,  the  rich  and  beautiful  valley  stretching  away, 
above  and  below,  and  the  pleasant  heights  and  verdant  hillsides  across 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  279 

the  stream  which  sweeps  around  and  seems   to  hold  it   in  its  fond 
embrace, 

A  draft  of  the  plot  of  the  town  accompanies  the  deed,  and  is  ac- 
cordingly made  of  record.  A  street,  running  north  from  the  extreme 
south  bend  of  the  creek,  cuts  the  tract  nearly  at  its  center,  and  is 
designated  Washington  street,  and  parallel  with  this  to  the  west  are 
Morris  street,  JJlackberry  alley,  Rich  Ilill  street  and  West  street,  and 
to  the  east  Cider  alley,  Morgan  street.  Whiskey  alley,  Cumberland 
street,  Findlay  alley  and  East  sti-eet.  Kunning  east  and  west  is 
High  street  cutting  the  tract  near  its  center,  and  to  the  north  in 
succession  are  Strawberry  alley,  Franklin  street.  North  street,  and  be- 
yond it  the  common,  fronting  on  which  are  the  imposing  buildings 
of  Waynesburg  College  and  the  public  school  building,  and  on  the 
summit  still  further  to  the  north  is  the  reservoir  of  the  waterworks.. 
To  the  south  of  High  street -are  Cherry  alley,  Greene  street,  South 
alley,  Lincoln  street,  Walnut  alley.  Elm  street.  Locust  alley,  First 
street  and  Water  street.  The  railroad  follows  the  valley  up  the 
northwest.  Between  Washington  and  Morris  streets,  running  north 
and  south,  and  High  and  Greene  streets  extending  east  and  west,  in 
the  central  and  most  commanding  portion  of  the  tract  are  located 
the  county  buildings, — court-house  and  jail, — on  grounds  which  now 
seem  contracted,  considering  that  the  commissioners  could  have  ap- 
propriated as  much  land  and  in  such  location  as  they  chose.  The 
names  of  the  streets  are  in  the  main  patriotic  and  descriptive  of 
their  location;  but  the  two  alleys.  Cider  and  Whiskey,  in  close 
proximity  to  the  courts  of  justice,  seem  in  these  days  of  prohibition 
to  be  misnomers,  though  in  the  age  when  given  may  have  aftbrded 
the  mouth  a  good  flavor  when  pronounced. 

A  name  for  the  new  town  was  early  considered.  It  has  been 
already  observed  that  this  section  of  the  country  had  been  for  a 
period  of  over  thirty  years  debatable  ground  for  the  savages,  as  it 
was  in  the  meantime  by  the  inhabitants  of  two  neighboring  States. 
During  the  quarter  of  a  century  preceding  the  formation  of  the 
town  this  section  had  been  the  scene  of  more  Indian  outrages,  scalp- 
ings  and  burnings  than  any  other  equal  area  in  the  country. 
Though  peace  had  been  declared  between  the  United  States  and 
Great  Britain,  British  troops  still  occupied  forts  in  the  northwestern 
territory,  and  encouraged  and  led  the  Indians  in  their  M'arfare  against 
the  United  States.  Two  armies,  one  under  Harmer  and  the  other 
led  by  St.  Claire,  had  been  defeated  and  sadly  cut  to  pieces  by  the 
united  strength  of  British  and  Indians,  and  as  a  consequence  the 
savages  were  more  active  than  ever  in  their  work  of  blood.  But  an 
army  led  by  General  Anthony  Wayne  had  proved  more  successful, 
and,  having  marched  into  the  heart  of  the  Indian  country,  inflicted 
so  crushing  a  defeat  that  the  tribes  were  glad  to   unite  in  suing  for 


280  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

peace,  and  in  giving  liostages  for  an  observance  o''  their  treaty  stipu- 
lations. Nowhere  were  the  happy  effects  ot  this  triumph  more  felt 
than  in  this  territory  of  Greene  County.  What  name,  then,  more 
suitable  for  the  capitol  of  the  new  county  than  the  honored  one  of 
Wayne,  and  hence  Waynesburgh  perpetrates  the  name  of  the  hero. 
Perhaps  none  of  the  generals  in  the  American  army  had  so  much 
the  character  of  dash,  of  sleepless  vigilance,  of  heroic  daring  in  the 
face  of  the  foe,  as  Wayne.  Pie  was  born  in  Chester  County  in 
1745.  He  was  in  early  life  a  surveyor,  a  member  of  the  Assembly 
of  1774,  the  friend  of  Franklin  and  member  of  the  Committee  of 
Safety  of  1775.  Seeing  war  impending,  he  gave  himself  earnestly  to 
the  study  of  the  military  art.  He  was  w^ith  Sullivan  at  Three  Rivers, 
Canada,  and  had  charge  of  the  posts  at  Ticonderoga  and  Mt.  In- 
dependence, in  February,  1777,  he  was  commissioned  a  Brigadier^ 
General,  and  participated  in  the  New  Jersey  and  Brandywine  cam- 
paigns with  Washington.  On  the  night  of  the  20th  of  September, 
1777,  while  encamped  at  Paoli,  with  1,500  men,  the  location  of  his 
camp  was  betrayed  to  the  British,  when  General  Gray,  with  a  strong 
detachment  of  the  enemy,  stole  upon  the  camp,  and  put  the  occu- 
pants to  the  sword,  an  exploit  in  civilized  warfare  little  better  than 
a  massacre.  At  German  town  he  led  the  right  wing  with  gallantry,  and 
receiv^ed  the  especial  commendation  of  Washington  for  his  conduct 
in  the  battle  of  Monmouth.  His  surprise  an  capture  of  Stony  Point 
gained  for  him  the  thanks  of  Congress.  He  was  transferred  to  the 
South  during  the  last  of  his  service  in  the  Revolution,  where,  by  his 
'baseless  vigilance  and  energy,  he  gained  no  less  renown  than  at  the 
North.  In  councils  of  war  he  always  favored  the  aggressive  policy, 
and  won  the  title  of  "  Mad  Anthony  Wayne."  In  1792  he  was 
called  from  his  farm  in  Chester  County,  to  which  he  had  retired, 
and  placed  in  command  of  an  army  to  operate  against  the  hostile 
Indians.  At  Maumee,  in  August,  1784,  after  a  two  year's  campaign, 
lie  gained  so  signal  a  victory  as  to  piil;  an  end  to  Indian  barbarities, 
and  give  peace  to  the  settlers.  The  most  subtle  of  the  savage  chief- 
tains had  counseled  against  risking  a  battle  with  him,  for  "  that  man 
never  sleeps,"  he  declared.  The  event  showed  that  he  had  judged 
correctly.  Wayne  was  afterwards  appointed  sole  commissioner  to 
treat  with  the  natives,  and  concluded  a  treaty  in  1795,  at  Greenville, 
Ohio,  which  gave  peace  and  secured  the  emigrant  complete  immunity 
from  peril.  In  the  autumn  of  1796,  having  concluded  the  object  of 
his  mission,  he  embarked  on  a  small  vessel  at  Detroit,  bound  for 
Presque  Isle,  now  Erie,  on  his  way  home.  On  the  way  down  the 
lake  he  was  attacked  with  the  gout,  a  disease  to  which  he  was  sub- 
ject. Upon  his  arrival  he  was  taken,  at  his  own  request,  to  one  of 
the  block  houses  on  the  garrison  tract,  and  a  messenger  was  dis- 
patched for  Surgeon  J.   C.  Wallace,  at  Pittsburg,  who  had  attended 


IIISTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  281 

him  on  his  campaigns,  and  was  familiar  with  liis  disease.  The 
Doctor  started  at  once,  but  on  arriving  at  Franklin,  on  his  way  up, 
he  was  pained  to  learn  that  his  old  commander  was  dead,  having  ex- 
pired on  the  15th  of  Deceml)er,  1796.  Two  days  after  he  was  buried, 
as  he  had  directed,  with  his  uniform  and  boots  on,  in  a  plain  coffin, 
with  the  letters  "A.  W."  cat  upon  the  lid,  and  his  age,  51,  and  date 
of  his  death  marked  by  means  of  round  brass  headed  tacks  driven 
into  the  wood.  At  the  age  of  thirty-two  he  was  described  as  "about 
middle  size,  with  a  firm  manly  countenance,  commanding  port  and 
eagle  eye.  His  looks  corresponded  with  his  character,  indicating  a 
soul  noble,  ardent  and  daring.  In  his  intercourse  with  his  offices 
and  men  he  was  affable  and  agreeable,  and  had  the  art  of  communi- 
cating to  their  bosoms  the  gallant  and  chivalrous  spirit  which  glowed 
in  his  own.  His  dress  was  scrupulously  neat  and  elegant,  his  move- 
ments were  quick,  his  manners  easy  and  graceful." 

Here  we  might  well  put  a  period  to  the  narrative;  but  a  circum- 
stance connected  with  the  remains  occurred,  so  peculiar,  that  a  brief 
account  will  be  giv^en  of  it  as  recorded  by  IJenjamin  AVhitman  in  his 
History  of  Erie  County.  '•  In  the  fall  of  1808,  General  Wayne's 
daughter,  Mrs.  Atlee,  was  taken  seriously  ill.  While  upon  her 
sick  bed  she  was  seized  with  a  strong  desire  to  have  her  father's 
remains  moved  to  the  family  burying  ground.  Realizing  that  it 
was  her  last  sickness,  and  anxious  to  console  her  dying  moments, 
Colonel  Isaac  AVayne,  the  General's  son,  consented  to  come  to  Erie 
for  the  purpose  of  complying  with  her  w'ishes.  The  journey  was 
made  in  the  spring  of  1809,  through  what  was  then  a  wildernesrp 
for  much  of  the  distance,  with  a  horse  and  sulky.  On  arriving  in 
Erie,  Colonel  Wayne  sent  for  Dr.  Wallace,  the  same  one  who  had 
been  called  to  minister  to  the  General.  The  Doctor  agreed  to 
attend  to  the  disinterment  and  preparation  of  the  remains,  and 
Colonel  Wayne  gave  him  entire  charge  of  the  operation,  declining 
to  witness  it  on  the  ground  that  he  preferred  to  remember  his 
father  as  he  knew  him  when  living.  Thirteen  years  having  elapsed, 
it  was  supposed  that  the  corpse  would  be  decomposed;  but  on 
opening  the  grave,  all  present  were  amazed  to  find  the  body  petrified, 
with  the  exception  of  one  foot  and  leg,  which  were  partially  gone. 
The  boot  on  the  unsound  leg  had  decayed,  and  most  of  the  clothing 
was  missing.  Dr.  Wallace  separated  the  body  into  convenient  parts 
and  placed  them  in  a  kettle  of  boiling  water  until  the  flesh  could  be 
removed  from  the  bones.  He  then  carefully  scraped  the  bones, 
packed  them  in  a  small  box  and  returned  the  flesh,  with  the  imple- 
ments used  in  the  operation,  to  the  coffin,  which  had  been  left  undis- 
turbed, and  it  was  again  covered  over  with  earth.  The  box  was 
secured  to  Colonel  Wayne's   sulky  and  carried   to  Eastern    Pennsyl- 


282  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

vania,  where  the  contents  were  deposited  in  a  second  grave,  among 
those  of  the  General's  deceased  relatives.  In  the  labor  of  dissection, 
which  took  place  on  the  garrison  gronnds,  Dr.  Wallace  was  assisted 
by  Robert  Murray,  Robert  Irwin,  Richard  Clement,  and  others. 
General  Wayne's  sound  boot  was  given  to  James  Duncan,  who  found 
it  fitted  him,  had  a  mate  made  for  it,  and  wore  the  pair  until  they 
could  no  longer  be  used.  At  the  time  of  the  disinterment  Captain 
Dobins  and  family  were  living  on  the  garrison  grounds  in  a  large 
building  erected  for  the  use  of  the  commanding  officer.  Mrs.  Dobins 
was  allowed  to  look  at  the  body,  with  some  of  her  lady  acquaintances, 
and  obtained  a  lock  of  the  dead  hero's  hair.  She  had  a  vivid  recol- 
lection of  the  incident  when  nearly  in  her  hundredth  year.  Tlie 
body  she  said  was  not  hard  like  stone,  but  was  more  of  the  con- 
sistency of  soft  chalk.  The  hairs  of  the  head  pulled  out  readily,  and 
the  general  appearance  of  the  corpse  was  much  like  that  of  a  plaster 
of  Paris  cast.  In  explanation  of  Dr.  AVallace's  course,  it  is  argued 
that  he  acted  in  accordance  with  what  the  circumstances  of  the  case 
seemed  to  require.  It  was  necessary  that  the  remains  should  be 
placed  in  as  small  a  space  as  possible  to  accommodate  the  means  of 
conveyance.  Colonel  Wayne  is  reported  to  have  said  in  regard  to 
the  affair,  '  I  always  regretted  it.  Had  I  known  the  state  the  re- 
mains were  in  before  separated,  I  think  I  should  certainly  have  had 
them  again  deposited  there  and  let  them  rest,  and  had  a  monument 
erected  to  his  memory.'  *  *  *  Largely  through  the  efforts  of 
Dr.  Germer  and  Captain  Welsli,  an  appropriation  was  obtained  from 
the  Legislature,  Mntli  which  a  substantial  log  block-house  in  imita- 
tion of  the  original  was  built  to  mark  the  site,  and  the  grounds  were 
surrounded  by  a  railing  with  cannon  at  each  of  the  four  corners. 
The  grave  has  been  neatly  and  substantially  built  up  with  stone, 
and  the  coffin-lid,  with  other  relics  of  the  early  days,  is  carefully 
sheltered  within  the  block-house.  The  Wayne  family  burial  ground, 
where  the  bones  of  the  gallant  General  repose,  is  in  the  cemetery 
attached  to  St.  David's  Episcopal  church,  at  Radnor,  Delaware 
County,  not  far  from  the  Chester  Count\^  line,  less  than  an  hour's 
walk  from  Wayne  Station,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  and  four- 
teen miles  west  from  Philadelphia.  Not  far  distant  is  Paoli,  the 
scene  of  the  massacre,  which  was  so  brilliantly  avenged  at  Stony 
Point.  The  Pennsylvania  State  Society  of  the  Cincinnati  erected  a 
monument  over  the  grave  on  the  4th  of  July,  1809." 

As  soon  as  it  was  known  that  the  site  of  the  capital  of  the  coun- 
ty had  been  determined  and  the  tract  acquired,  building  lots  were 
disposed  of  rapidly.  The  records  of  the  county,  which  were  kept 
with  care,  the  chirography  being  in  a  very  even  legible  iiand,  which 
puts  to  shame  some  of  the  records  made  at  a  later  date,  show  that 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  283 

the  following  named  persons  purchased  lots  of  the  commissioners, 
paying  the  sums  set  opposite  their  several  names: 

1st.  Rev.  Robert  Davis J^  25 

2d.  John  Denny 84 

3d.  Phillip  Ketchum 75 

4th.  John  Smith 84 

5th.  John  Smith 106 

6th.  James  Hook 59 

7th.  Job.  Smith 12 

8th.  Ignatius  Ross 15 

9th.  John  Boreman 08 

10th.  Samuel  Clarke 

11th.  Daniel  McFarland 16 

12th.  Daniel  McFarland 78 

13th.  Daniel  McFarland 14 

14th.  Daniel  JVEcFarland 13 

15th,  Daniel  McFarland 50 

16th.  John  Wilson 78 

17th.  William  Hunter 70 

18th.  James  Brown 65 

19th.  Robert  Adams  &  Patrick  Moore 51 

20th.  Robert  Ilazlett  ifc  Robert  Wilson 110 

21st.    Isaac  Jenkinson 139 

22d.    Clement  Brooke 50 

23d.    Thomas  Reinhart 50 

24th.  Asa  McClelland 40 

25th.  William  Wood 18 

26th.  James  Eagan 50 

27th.  John  Baptist  Nuglet 66 

28th.  William  Caldwell 70 

29th.  Jacob  Burley • 42 

The  forms  and  legal  authorization  of  procedure  in  setting  in 
motion  the  machinery  of  government  over  the  new  county  were 
promptly  observed.  The  first  commission  issued  was  to  John  Bore- 
man,  executed  under  tlie  hand  of  Governor  Thomas  Mifflin,  July  13, 
1796,  which  authorized  him  to  administer  oaths.  The  second  com- 
mission was  issued  to 

John  Minor  to  be  Associate  Justice  under  date  of  July  13,  1796. 

John  Boreman  to  be  Recorder  of  Deeds  under  date  of  March  17, 
1796* 

John  Boreman,  Prothonotary,  March  17,  1796. 

John  Boreman,  Clerk  of  the  Court  of  Quarter  Sessions.  March 
17,1796. 


284  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

John  Boreman,  Clerk  of  tlie  Court  of  Oyer  and  Terminer,  March 
17,  1796. 

John  Boreman,  Clerk  of  tlie  Orphans'  Court,  March  17,  1796. 

John  Boreman,  Register  of  Wills,  Mf^rch  17,  1796. 

David  Gray  was  commissioned  to  sit  as  Associate  Judge  on 
March  17,  1796. 

As  Greene  County  was  a  part  of  the  Fifth  Judicial  District,  the 
President  Judge  of  that  district  continued  to  hold  the  courts  for 
Greene  County,  as  before  its  erection,  for  the  same  territory.  By 
the  constitution  of  1790,  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  became  the 
principal  court  of  the  Commonwealth  for  the  original  hearing  of 
causes.  The  judges,  not  fewer  than  three,  nor  more  than  four,  in 
each  county,  were  to  be  appointed  by  the  Governor.  At  the  session 
of  the  Legislature  for  1791,  an  act  was  passed  dividing  the  counties 
of  the  State  into  five  judicial  districts — -Philadelphia,  Bucks,  Mont- 
gomery and  Delaware  to  compose  the  1st;  Chester,  Lancaster,  York 
and  Dauphin  the  2d;  Berks,  Northampton,  Luzerne  and  Northum- 
berland the  3d;  Cumberland,  Franklin,  Bedford,  Huntingdon  and 
Mifflin  the  4th;  and  Westmoreland,  Fayette,  AVashington  and 
Alleghany  the  5th.  When  Greene  was  erected  in  1796,  that  con- 
stituted a  part  of  the  lifth.  The  act  provided  tliat  for  each  judicial 
district  '•  a  person  of  knowledge  and  integrity,  skilled  in  the  laws," 
shall  be  appointed  and  commissioned  by  the  Governor  to  be  Presi- 
dent of  the  courts  of  Common  Pleas.  Any  two  of  the  judges  of  the 
('ommon  Pleas  Court  should  constitute  a  quorum,  which  should  con- 
stitute the  Court  of  Quarter  Sessions,  of  the  Peace  and  Orphans' 
Court,  and  the  Register  of  Wills. 

The  lirst  President  Judge  of  the  Fifth  district  was  Alexander 
Addison.  He  was  a  native  of  Ireland, where  he  was  born  in  1759,  and 
was  educated  at  Edinburgh,  Scotland,  and  licensed  to  preach  by  the 
Presbytery  of  Aberlow.  While  yet  a  youth  he  emigrated  to  Amer- 
ica, and  came  to  western  Pennsylvania.  Having  been  taken  in 
charge  by  the  Redstone  Presbytery,  he  was  given  permission  to 
preach  and  officiated  for  a  while  at  Washington.  He  subsequently 
turned  his  attention  to  the  law,  studying  in  the  office  of  David  Red- 
dick,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in  the  courts  of  Washington 
County.  He  was  a  man  of  strict  probity,  of  large  understanding, 
M'ell  schooled  in  the  polite  learning  of  the  day,  and  was  well  fitted 
by  native  talent,  by  culture,  and  legal  acumen  to  preside  in  the 
courts  of  justice.  In  conducting  the  courts  of  this  district  he  had 
a  difficult  part  to  perform.  It  was  at  a  time  when  the  laws  of  both 
State  and  Kation  were  new  and  untried;  the  district  was  one  of  op- 
posing factions,  composed  of  sturdy  frontiersmen;  the  tax  upon  dis- 
tilled spirits  had  to  be  enforced  over  unwilling  subjects,  among 
whom  was  inaugurated  the  Whiskey  Rebellion.      In  the  midst  of  all 


cAx/?^^J    Q^C^ 


HISTORY    OF    GKEENE    COUNTY.  287 

tliese  trying  circamstauces,  lie  is  acknowledged  to  have  performed 
the  duties  of  his  high  office  with  a  strict  regard  to  justice,  and  with 
honesty  of  purpose.  But  he  did  not  escape  the  shafts  of  partj  strife, 
and  rancor,  which  finally  culminated  in  his  impeachment  before  the 
Senate  of  Pennsylvania.     The  formal  charges  were  as  follows: 

"1st.  That  Judge  Addison,  after  Judge  Lucas  [an  associate  judge 
of  Alleghany  County],  had  in  liis  official  character  and  capacity  of 
judge  as  aforesaid,  and  as  he  of  right  might  do,  addressed  a  petit 
jury,  then  and  there  duly  impaneled,  and  sworn  or  affirmed  re- 
spectively as  jurors  in  a  cause  then  pending,  then  and  there  openly 
did  declare,  and  say  to  the  said  jury,  that  the  address  delivered  to 
them  by  the  said  John  Lucas,  liad  nothing  to  do  with  the  question 
before  them,  and  they  ought  not  to  pay  any  attention  to  it.  This 
question  will  be  better  understood  by  lawyers  when  informed  that  a 
justification  was  pleaded  as  a  defense  in  an  action  of  slander,  and 
was  unsupported  by  the  testimony,  and  Judge  Lucas'  charge  was  in- 
tended to  reduce  the  damages  of  tlie  plaintiff  to  a  small  if  not  a 
nominal  sum. 

"2d.  That  the  said  Alexander  Aildison  did  under  pretense  as  afore- 
said of  discharging  and  performing  his  official  duties  then  and 
there  in  time  of  open  court,  illegally,  and  unconstitutionally  stop, 
threaten,  and  prevent  the  said  John  Lucas,  from  addressing  as  he  of 
right  might  do  a  grand  jury  of  tlie  said  county  of  xlllegliany  then 
and  there  assembled." 

The  sentence  of  the  Senate,  sitting  as  a  court  of  impeachment, 
delivered  January  27,  1803,  was,  "That  Alexander  Addison,  Presi- 
dent of  the  several  courts  of  Common  Pleas,  in  the  Fifth  district  of 
this  State,  shall  be,  and  he  hereby  is  removed  from  his  office  of  presi- 
dent aforesaid,  and  also  is  disqualified  to  hold  and  exercise  the 
office  of  judge,  in  any  court  of  law  within  the  commonwealth  of 
Pennsylvania." 

The  associate  judges  during  his  term  of  office  were  Ileniy  Tay- 
lor, James  Edgar,  James  Allison,  and  Matthew  Ritchie,  commis- 
sioned August  17,  1791;  William  Hoge,  commissioned  April  6, 
1798,  and  John  McDowell,  commissioned  April  7,  1802.  Samuel 
Roberts  was  commissioned  president  judge  of  the  Fifth  district  on 
June  2,  1803.  He  was  a  native  of  Philadelphia,  where  he  was  born 
September  10,  1761,  read  law  with  William  Lewis,  and  was  practic- 
ing his  profession  at  Sunbury,  when  appointed  judge. 

The  judicial  districts  of  the  State  were  readjusted  by  the  act  of 
March  23d,  1818,  by  which  Washington,  Fayette,  Greene,  and  Som- 
erset became  the  Fourteenth  district,  and  Judge  Roberts  remained 
over  the  courts  composed  of  Alleghany,  Beaver,  and  Butler.  Where- 
upon Thomas  11.  Baird,  was  appointed  to  preside  in  the  Fourteenth 
district,  his  commission  dating  irom  October  19,  1818.       By  an  act 


288  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

of  the  Legislature  of  March  29,  1824,  Somerset  County  was  taken 
from  the  Fourteenth  district  to  form  with  Franklin  and  Bedford  the 
new  Sixteenth  district,  Greene,  Fayette,  and  Washington  remaining 
the  Fourteenth  district.  Judge  I3aird  was  a  son  of  Absalom  Baiid, 
M,  D.,  and  a  grandson  of  John  Eaird,  a  Scotchman,  wdio  came  with 
Braddock's  army,  was  engaged  in  the  battle  under  that  ill-fated  Gen- 
eral, and  and  was  subsequently  killed  on  Grant's  Flill,  in  Major 
Grant's  Highlander  column  defeated  on  September  14,  iToS.  The 
Judge  was  born  at  Washington,  November  15,  1787,  studied  law 
witli  Joseph  Pentecost,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  July,  1808. 
With  Thomas  McGittin  and  Parker  Campbell  he  was  interested  in 
the  construction  of  the  National  Road  through  Washington  County, 
and  as  early  as  1830  secured  the  survey  of  a  railroad  up  the  Cliart- 
iers  Valley,  at  his  own  expense.  He  resigned  his  commission  in 
December,  1837,  and  died  November  22,  1866. 

Governor  Joseph  Ritner,  who  "was  then  in  tlie  gubernatorial 
chair,  appointed  as  successor  to  Judge  Baird,  Nathaniel  Ewing,  his 
commission  bearing  date  February  22,  1838.  In  the  same  year  of 
liis  appointment  the  constitutional  convention  revised  the  organic 
law,  so  as  to  make  the  term  of  a  president  judge  or  any  other 
judge  who  is  required  to  be  learned  in  the  law,  ten  years,  and  associ- 
ate judges  live  years.  By  an  act  of  the  assembly  passed  as  early  as 
1806,  the  number  of  associate  judges  was  limited  to  two  from  each 
county.  By  the  amended  constitution  of  1838,  sheriffs,  coroners, 
]M-othonotaries,  and  clerks  were  made  elective.  Judge  Ewing  was 
the  son  of  William  Ewing,  who  had  emigrated  from  York 
County  to  Fayette,  as  a  surveyor,  in  1790,  and  was  born  July  18, 
1794.  He  was  educated  at  Washington  College,  read  law  with 
Thomas  McGiffin,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  June,  1816.  He 
soon  after  removed  to  Uniontown,  where  he  continued  to  reside  till 
his  death  in  1874.  He  had  the  reputation  of  l)eing  an  able  jurist 
and  a  just  judge. 

Samuel  A.  Gilmore  was  appointed  at  the  expiration  of  the  ten 
years'  term  of  Judge  Baird,  his  commission  dating  February  28, 
1848.  By  an  amendment  of  the  organic  law,  passed  by  the  Leg- 
islature in  1849-'50,  and  ratified  by  vote  of  the  people,  the  judges 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State  were  elected  by  the  qualified 
voters  at  large,  the  president  judges,  and  such  as  were  required  to  be 
learned  in  the  law,  by  the  electors  of  the  districts  over  which  they 
presided,  and  the  associate  judges  by  the  voters  of  the  respective 
counties.  '  Accordingly,  at  the  next  general  election,  on  November 
6,  1851,  Samuel  A.  Gilmore  was  elected  to  be  his  own  successor, 
and  was  commissioned  to  serve  for  the  constitutional  period  of  ten 
years.  Judge  Gilmore  was  a  son  of  John  Gilmore,  a  lawyer,  who 
practiced  his  profession  at  Butler.     The  son    was  a  practicing^attor- 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  289 

ney  at  the  bar  of  that  place  when  appointed  judge.  He  resided  dur- 
ing his  term  of  office  at  Uniontown,  where  he  continued  to  live  till 
his  death  in  1837. 

James  Lindsey  was  elected  president  jndge  at  the  election  in 
1861.  He  was  a  descendant  of  the  first  settlers.  "Tiiomas 
Hughes,  John  Swan  and  Henry  Yanmetre  were,"  says  Mr.  Crum- 
rine,  "  among  the  first  pioneers  on  the  waters  of  Muddy  Creek,  com- 
ing thither  from  the  Shenandoah  Yalley,  in  1767-'68.  Charles  Swan, 
son  of  Jolni,  married  Sarah,  daughter  of  Henry  Vanmetre,  and  their 
daughter  Mary,  marrying  William  Collins,  became  the  mother  of 
Annie  Collins  who  married  John  Lindsey,  and  became  the  mother  of 
James,  tlie  young  judge,  John  Lindsey's  father  was  James  Lind- 
sey, a  Scotchman,  wlio,  coming  from  Lancaster  County  very  early, 
settled  at  Jefterson,  Greene  County,  and  married  Mary,  a  daughter 
of  Thomas  Hughes,  Jr.,  who  had  married  a  daughter  of  John  Swan 
before  mentioned.  Hughes  was  Irish,  Swan  was  Sco'ch,  Vanmetre 
German,  Lindsey  Scotch — three  nationalities  well  blended  into  one. 
John  Lindsey,  the  Judge's  father,  was  educated  at  Jefferson  College, 
at  Cannonsburg,  was  a  leading  politician,  once  sheriif,  and  twice 
prothonotary  of  Greene  County." 

Judge  Lindsey  was  born  November  21,  1827,  was  educated  at 
Greene  Academy,  Carmichael's,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at 
AVaynesburg  in  1849.  At  tlie  August  term  of  1864  he  presided 
over  the  court  at  Washington,  and  though  suifering  from  a  slight 
attack  of  billions  fever,  he  sat  through  the  term,  but  on  his  way 
home  was  seriously  attacked  at  Prosperity.  He,  however,  reached 
his  home  a  few  miles  out  of  Waynesburg,  where  he  remained  indis- 
posed, but  not  seriously  so,  until  the  1st  of  September,  1864,  when 
he  sufl^ered  a  relapse  that  terminated  his  life  suddenly. 

An  extract  from  the  minute  entered  upon  the  records  of  the 
Fayette  County  Court  will  show  the  estimation  in  which  he  was  lield 
by  the  bar.  "  By  those  unacquainted  with  him  misgivings  were  natur- 
ally felt  when  the  judical  ermine  fell  upon  one  so  young.  *  *  * 
But  whatever  fearb  Judge  Lindsey's  youth  occasioned  were  quickly 
dissipated  by  masterly  hand  with  which  he  laid  hold  of  his  offi- 
cial duties,  and  by  the  apparent  ease  with  which  he  carried  his  great 
burdens." 

Upon  the  death  of  Judge  Lindsey,  Governor  Curtin  appointed 
James  Watson,  of  Washington,  to  fill  the  vacancy  until  the  next 
general  election;  but  Mr.  Watson  feeling  himself  disposed  to  decline 
the  honor,  J.  Kennedy  Ewing,  son  of  Nathaniel  Ewing,  was  com- 
missioned on  Nov.  19,  1864,  to  serve  until  the  election  of  1865. 
The  choice  of  the  people  in  that  election  was  Samuel  A.  Gilmore, 
who  was  commissioned  for  a  third  term,  in  that  grave  and  responsi- 
ble office.     By  an  act  of  the  Legislature,  of  January    25th,    1866,    a 


290  HISTORY    OF    GUEENE    COUNTY. 

new  judical  district  was  created,  comprising  tlie  counties  of  Wasli- 
ington  and  Beaver,  designated  the  twenty-seventh  judicial  district,  the 
fourteenth  retaining  Favette  and  Greene,  over  which  Jud^e  Giluiore 
continued  to  preside. 

On  the  3rd  of  November,  1873,  a  new  constitution  was  adopted, 
which  was  to  take  effect  on  the  1st  of  January,  1874.  By  the  terms 
of  that  instrument  the  Legislature  was  to  re-district  the  State.  This 
was  done,  and  forty-three  districts  were  formed,  all  counties  containing 
forty  thousand  or  more  inhabitants  to  constitute  a  separate  judi- 
cial district.  The  time  of  the  beginning  of  the  judicial  term  was 
changed,  and  instead  of  the  first  Monday  of  December  it  was  to  be 
the  lirst  Monday  of  January  next  succeeding  the  election.  To  lill 
out  the  unexpired  term  the  Governor  appointed  Edward  Campbell, 
who  was  commissioned  May  30,  1873,  to  serve  until  the  first  Mon- 
day of  December,  1873.  At  the  election  held  on  the  6th  of  Novem- 
ber 1873,  Alpheus  E.  Willson  was  elected  for  the  term  of  ten  years. 
Judge  Willson  was  a  lawyer  of  acumen  and  served  with  credit  to 
himself  and  advantage  to  his  constituents.  At  the  general  election 
for  1883  James  Ingliram  was  elected.  A  full  biography  of  the  judge 
will  be  found  among  the  sketches  given  further  on  in  this  book  to 
which  the  reader  is  referred.  The  business  of  this  judicial  district 
having  accumulated  beyond  the  ability  of  a  single  judge  to  transact, 
it  was  provided  by  the  act  of  June  15,  1887,  that  an  additional  Judge 
learned  in  the  law  should  be  elected  for  this  district.  AccordingTy 
Nathaniel  Ewing  was  appointed  and  commissioned  on  August 
25,  1887,  to  serve  until  the  next  general  election,  when  .Judge  Ewing 
was  elected  by  the  people  and  commissioned  to  serve  for  the  full 
term  of  ten  years.  He  belonged  to  the  Fayette  County  bar  and  is  of 
a  judicial  ancestry. 

A  complete  list  of  President  and  Associate  Judges,  who  have 
served  in  Greene  County  since  its  formation,  has  been  prepared  for 
my  use  under  the  direction  of  Ex-Lieut.  Gov.  Stone,  now  Secre- 
tary of  the  Commonwealth,  from  the  records  of  his  office,  which  is 
given  below. 

Greene  County — -Formed  of  a  part  of  Washington  Countv,  Feb. 
9,  1796.  ^  ^  ^ 

LIST    OF    PRESIDENT    JUDGES. 

Fifth  District  or  Circuit — -Consisting  of  the  counties  of  West- 
moreland, Washington,  Alleghany,  Fayette,  Greene  and  Crawford. 
Alexander  Addison,  August  17,  1791. 

Fifth  District — Composed  of  the  counties,  Washington,  Beaver, 
Alleghany,  Fayette  and  Greene.     Samuel  Eoberts,  April  30,  1803. 

Fourteenth  District — Composed  of  the  counties  of  Washington, 
Fayette,  Green  and  Somerset.     Thomas  JI.   Baird,  Oct.    19,   1818. 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  291 

Kesio^ned  Dec.  31,  1S37,  resignation  accepted  by  the  Governor,  Jan. 
3,  1838. 

Fourteenth  District — Composed  of  the  counties  of  Washington, 
Fayette  and  Greene.  Nathaniel  Ewing,  Feb.  15,  1838;  Samnel  A. 
Gilmore,  Feb.  28,  1848;  Samuel  A.  Gilmore,  Nov.  6,  1851. 

Fourteenth  District — Composed  of  the  counties  of  Fayette  and 
Greene.  James  Lindsey,  Nov.  20,  1861;  James  Watson,  Nov.  9, 
1864,  until  the  next  general  election.  In  place  of  Jndge  Lindsey, 
deceased,  declined  and  commission  returned.  John  Kennedy  Ewing, 
Nov.  18,  1864,  until  tlie  next  general  election ;  Samuel  A.  Gilmore, 
Nov.  7,  1865;  Edward  Campbell,  May,  30,  1873,  until  1st  Monday 
in  December,  1873.  Alpheus  E.  Willson,  Nov,  6,  1873;  James 
Inghram,  Dec.  11,  1883. 

Additional  Laid  Judge — Authorized  by  x\ct  June  15,  1887. 
Nathaniel  Ewing,  Aug.  25,  1887,  until  1st  Monday  in  Jan.  1888; 
Nathaniel  Ewing,  Dec.  23,  1887. 

Greenp:  County — List  of  Associate  Judges. 
John  Minor,  March  17,  1796.  Some  doubt  having  been  entertained 
by  Judge  Addison,  as  to  whether  the  commission  issued  to  Judge 
Minor  on  March  17tli,  1796,  was  constitutional,  the  same  was  com- 
municated by  him  to  the  Governor,  Nvho,  to  remove  such  doubt,  (the 
Attorney-General  being  of  the  same  opinion  with  Mr.  Addison)  is- 
sued a  new  commission  to  Judge  Minor,  dated  the  28th  of  February, 
1797.  John  Minor's  resignation  accepted  Oct.  7,  1833.  John  Flen- 
niken,  March  17,  1796;  John  Badolet,  March  17,  1796;  David  Gray, 
March  17,  1796;  Wm.  Crawford,  June  13,  1822;  Asa  McClelland, 
March  6,  1834;  Samuel  Black,  Feb.  10,  1837;  Asa  McClelland,  Feb. 
28,  1842;  Thos.  Burson,  March  3,  1843;  Mark  Gordon,  Feb.  24, 
1847;  Thos.  Burson,  Feb.  15, 1848,  Commission  from  March  3  next; 
Benj.  Ross,  Nov.  10,  1851;  James  Crea,  Nov.  10,  1851;  Jonathan 
Gerard,  Nov.  12,  1856;  Isaac  Burson,  Nov.  12,  1856;  Jonathan 
Gerard,  Nov.  23,  1861;  Thos.  P.  Pollock,  Nov.  23,  1861; 
George  Ilaskinson,  Nov.  8,  1866;  Israel  L.  Croft,  Nov.  8,  1866; 
Wm.  Cotterell,  Nov.  17,  1871;  Thos.  lams,  Nov.  17,  1871; 
Wra.  Braden,  Dec.  8,  1876;  Geo.  Sellers.  Jan.  9,  1876,  until  first 
Monday  of  Jan.  1878;  Thos.  Scott,  Dec.  26,  1877;  Wm.  F.  Scott, 
Jan.  8,  1879,  until  first  Monday  of  Jan.  1880;  Silas  Barnes,  Dec.  4, 
1879;  Jesse  Philips,  Dec.  8,  1881;  John  T.  Elbin,  Dec.  22,  1884; 
Bazel  Gordon,  Dec.  13,  1886. 


292  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY, 


CHAPTER  XIX. 

Yalue  of  Education — "  Enoch  Flower  "  First  Teacher — Friends' 
School — College  Academy  and  Charity  School — Founding 
Colleges — Founding  Academies — Men  and  Women  Make 
Theik  Marks  —  Retarding  Causes  —  Instruct  the  "  Poor 
Gratis" — Speech  of  Stevens — Law  of  1834 — Opposition  of 
1835 — ^Law  of  1836 — Governors  Wolf  and  Ritner —  Jour- 
ney of  Burrowes — First  School  IIeport — Opposition  where 
Least  Expected —  Greene  County  Slow  in  Adopting — Show- 
ing OF  Greene  in  1837 — Utilizing  School  Property^ — Solici- 
tude FOR  ITS  Safety — 1,000  Districts — 700  in  Operation — 
Broad  Plans  of  Burrowes — Progress  of  a  Pupil  Through 
the  Whole — Defects  Shown  by  Fifteen  Years'  Trial — Re- 
vised Law  of  1854 — ^Opposition  to  County  Superintendency 
— Non-accepting  Districts — Honorable  Charles  A.  Black, 
Superintendent — Independent  Districts — True  Sphere  of 
County  Superintendent — Circular  Letter — Beneficient  In- 
fluence OF  Law — Recommends  Normal  Schools  —  Normal 
School  Law  of  1857 — Ten  Schools — One  at  California  for 
THE  Tenth  District — Growth — School  Architecture — Edited 
BY  T.  11.  Burrowes — No  Retrograde  Steps — The  Peoi'les  Col- 
leges— Sources  of  Blessings. 

lyyO  subject  can  be  of  more  vital  iniportance  to  any  people 
XM  than  that  of  a  wise  education  of  their  youth.  In  presenting 
some  account  of  the  origin  and  progress  of  education  in  Greene 
County  it  will  not  be  out  of  place  to  give  a  brief  sketch  of  education 
in  the  State  at  large.  At  a  meetino-  of  the  Council  held  at  Phila- 
delphia  ye  26tli  of  ye  10th  month,  1683,  the  following  record  was 
entered  as  shown  by  the  printed  Colonial  Records,  Yol.  I,  p.  91: 
"Present  William  Penii  Proper.  &  Gov, — Tho.  Homes,  Wm. 
Haigue,  Wm.  Clayton,  Lasse  Cock.  The  Govr.  and  Provil,  Council 
having  taken  into  their  Serious  Consideration  the  great  Necessity 
there  is  of  a  Scool  Master  for  ye  Instruction  S:  Sober  Education  of 
Youth  in  the  towne  of  Philadelphia,  sent  for  Enock  flower,  an  In- 
habitant of  the  said  Towne,  who  for  twenty  year  past  hath  been 
exercised  in  tliat  care  and  Imployment  in  England,  to  whom  having 
communicated  their  Minds,  he  Embraced  it  upon  these  following 
terms:  to  Learne  to   read  English  4s   by  ye    Quarter,  to  learne  to 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  293 

read  and  write  6s  by  ye  Quarter,  to  learne  to  read  and  cast  accot  8s 
by  ye  Quarter;  for  Boarding  a  Scholar,  that  is  to  saj,  dyet,  Wash- 
ing, Lodging  and  Schooling,  Tenn  pounds  for  one  whole  year." 

It  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  this  action  was  taken  before 
Pennsylvania  was  in  reality  a  year  old,  while  the  conies  still  bur- 
rowed unscared  in  the  river  bank,  and  the  virgin  forest  encumbered 
the  soil  where  is  now  the  great  city.  The  frame  of  government 
adopted  provided  that  "  the  Legislature  shall  as  soon  as  may  be  con- 
venient, provide  for  the  establishment  of  schools,  in  such  manner 
that  the  poor  may  be  taught  gratis."  Among  the  most  wise  and 
sententious  sayings  of  Penn  was  this,  "  That  which  makes  a  good 
constitution  must  keep  it,  viz.:  men  of  wisdom  and  virtue;  qualities 
that,  because  they  descend  not  with  worldly  inheritance,  must  be 
carefully  propagated  by  a  virtuous  education  of  youth."  The  Society 
of  Friends  established  a  school  in  Philadelphia  in  1689.  That  was 
as  soon  as  children  born  in  the  new  city  were  old  enough  to  go  to 
school.  Franklin,  who  had  become  a  well-settled  adopted  citizen, 
and  an  acknowledged  leader  in  every  enterprise  intended  to  build  up 
the  city,  encourage  progress,  and  diffuse  intelligence,  in  1749,  with 
others,  applied  for  and  secured  a  charter  for  a  "  College,  Academy 
and  Charity  school  of  Philadelphia."  This  was  the  beginning  of  an 
awakening  throughout  the  State  upon  the  subject  of  higlier  education, 
and  for  the  next  half  century  the  enterprise  and  skill  of  the  people 
seem  to  have  been  directed  to  the  founding  and  building  up  of  col- 
leges. The  University  of  Pennsylvania,  at  Philadelphia,  was  char- 
tered in  1753;  Dickinson  College,  at  Carlisle,  in  1783;  Franklin  and 
Marshall  College,  at  Lancaster,  in  1787;  Jefferson  College,  at  Can- 
nonsburg,  in  1802,  and  Alleghany  College,  at  Meadville,  in  1815. 
This  provision  reasonably  well  accommodated  all  sections  of  the  vast 
territory  of  the  Commonwealth.  For  the  support  of  these  institutions 
the  colonial  assemblies,  and  subsequently  the  legislatures,  made  large 
grants  of  lands,  and  revenues  accruing  from  public  domain. 

Commencing  near  the  beginning  of  the  present  century  and  con- 
tinuing for  a  period  of  over  thirty  years,  great  activity  was  shown  in 
establishing  county  academies.  The  purpose  of  these  academies  was 
to  furnish  a  school  of  a  higher  order  than  the  ordinary  common 
school,  where  reading,  writing  and  arithmetic  were  alone  taught, 
in-order  that  a  fair  English  and  classical  education  could  be  obtained 
without  trenching  upon  the  ground  occupied  by  the  colleges.  They 
were,  on  the  other  hand,  regarded  as  schools  preparatory  to  the  col-, 
lege.  During  this  period  charters  were  obtained  for  academies  in 
forty-one  counties,  viz.:  Armstrong,  Beaver,  Bradford,  Bucks,  But- 
ler, Cambria,  Center,  Chester,  Clarion,  Clearfield,  Clinton,  Crawford, 
Cumberland,  Dauphin,  Erie,  Franklin,  Greene,  Huntingdon,  Indiana, 
Jefferson,  Juniata,  Lebanon,   Lehigh,    Luzerne,   McKean,    Monroe, 


294  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

Mitiiin,  Montgomery,  Northiiinberland,  Perry,  Pike,  Potter,  Sclinyl- 
kill,  Somerset,  Tioga,  Union,  VenaMgo,  Warren,  Wayne,  Westmore- 
land and  York. 

It  will  l)e  seen  that  Greene  is  one  of  the  counties  thus  provided 
for.  The  State  granted  charters  and  money  in  sums  varying  from 
two  to  six  thousand  dollars  for  the  purpose  of  building  structures  at 
the  county  seats  suitable  for  the  proposed  grade  of  schools,  and  in 
some  instances  extensive  land  grants  were  secured.  The  affairs  of  these 
academies  were  managed  by  a  board  of  trustees,  elected,  as  were  the 
other  county  officers,  and  teachers  were  employed  as  they  could  be  in- 
duced to  teach  for  such  compension  as  they  could  derive  from  the 
tuition  of  their  pupils,  the  invested  funds  yielding  little  more  than 
enough  to  keep  the  buildings  and  premises  in  repair. 

Up  to  this  time,  a  period  of  a  hundred  and  twenty-five  years, 
little  attention  had  been  given  to  the  liberal  views  of  the  founder  to 
make  provision  for  "the  education  of  the  poor  gratis,"  which  he 
had  inserted  in  the  original  draft  of  the  organic  law.  As  a  conse- 
quence it  will  be  found,  by  reference  to  the  books  in  the  registers 
offices  throughout  the  several  counties  of  the  Commonwealth,  that  a 
large  proportion  of  the  men,  as  well  as  women,  affixed  their  signa- 
tures to  conveyances  by  a  mark. 

There  were  many  causes  why  the  common  school  idea  of  the 
State  making  public  provision  for  the  reasonable  education  of  every 
child  within  its  broad  domain,  free  of  any  expense  to  the  child,  or  its 
parents  or  guardians,  unless  they  have  property  on  which  taxes  are 
levied  as  for  other  purposes,  was  slow  in  taking  root.  The  popula- 
tion was  so  sparse  that  in  many  sections  it  was  impossible  to  bring 
enough  children  together  to  form  a  school.  Diversity  of  origin  and 
language  operated  as  a  strong  impediment,  as  nnuiy  persisted  in 
speaking  their  native  tongue  and  in  having  their  childi-en  taught  the 
language  of  the  fatherland.  Antagonisms  of  religious  sects,  and  the 
prejudice  in  favor  of  having  children  taught  exclusively  in  schools  of 
their  own  religious  denominations,  operated  as  one  of  the  most  in- 
surmountable barriers,  even  after  the  common  school  system  had  be- 
come firmly  established. 

By  an  act  of  the  Legislature  of  April  4,  1809,  provision  was  made 
for  the  education  of  the  "poor  gratis."  The  assessors  in  their 
rounds  were  required  to  enroll  the  names  of  children  of  indigent  par- 
ents, and  they  were  to  be  sent  to  the  nearest  or  most  convenient 
school,  and  the  tuition  paid  from  the  county  treasury.  This  enact- 
ment proceeded  upon  the  supposition  that  schools  were  in  existence, 
established  by  the  voluntary  contributions  of  neighborhoods,  to  which 
the  indigent  could  be  sent.  This  was  really  the  case  in  many  sec- 
tions of  the  State.  This  system  was  continued  for  a  period  of  about 
a  quarter  of  a  century,  and    the  treasurers'  books    in    the    several 


^^^;. 


O' 


<^^^^/^i^  e<y^ 


HISTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  297 

counties  show  considerable  sums  paid  fur  tuition  in  this  way.  But 
the  natural  pride  of  a  free-born  American  citizen,  rebelled  at  hav- 
ing his  name  inscribed  on  the  books  of  the  county  as  a  pauper,  too 
indigent  to  pay  for  the  schooling  of  his  children,  and  probably  a 
large  proportion  of  those  who  were  most  deserving  of  help  were  the 
ones  who  scorned  to  receive  it  in  that  way.  In  a  burst  of  impassioned 
eloquence,  Thaddeus  Stevens,  in  his  great  speech  in  favor  of  a  general 
school  law,  made  on  the  floor  of  the  House  of  Representatives  in  1834, 
declared  that  such  a  law  as  that,  instead  of  being  called  a  public  school 
law,  ought  to  be  entitled  "«?i  act  for  hranding  and  marking  the 
poor,  so  that  they  may  he  known  from  the  rich  and  2>i"0udJ'^ 

But  this  system  subserved  a  purpose,  while  the  country  was  filling 
up  with  population,  and  the  dense  forests  were  being  cleared  away, 
and  the  wild  beast  subdued.  It  served  to  keep  before  the  people  that 
there  was  such  a  boon  as  public  school  education.  The  Governors 
of  the  Commonwealth  had  frequently,  during  the  period  that  the 
system  of  educating  the  2>oor  gratis  was  in  force,  from  1809  to  '34, 
called  the  attention  of  the  Legislature  to  the  necessity  of  a  more 
efficient  system.  Finally,  at  the  session  1834,  the  struggle  came.  It 
is  well  understood  how  natural  it  is  for  men  to  cling  to  established 
methods,  and  hence  we  can  well  comprehend  how  a  radically  new 
system  would  provoke  fierce  opposition.  The  new  act  was  prepared 
by  Samuel  I^rceck,  a  member  from  Philadelphia,  was  passed  tlirough 
both  branches  without  serious  opposition,  and  was  signed  by  that 
sturdy  patriot,  Governor  Wolf. 

But  the  law,  though  in  the  main  just,  proved  in  practice  crude, 
and  unwieldy,  and  when  Legislature  assembled  at  the  session  of  1835, 
the  mutterings  of  discontent  were  heard  on  every  hand.  The  almost 
universal  .sentiment  seemed  to  be  in  favor  of  repeal,  and  of  going 
back  to  t\\Q  poor  gratis  of  1809.  It  required  the  most  adroit  appli- 
cation of  parliamentary  rules  and  strategy  of  the  friends  of  a  common 
school  system  to  ensure  non-action  for  one  year  more,  when  it  was 
proposed  that  a  new  bill,  more  simple  and  easily  operated,  should  be 
prepared. 

Accordingly,  at  the  session  of  1836,  the  final  struggle  was  to 
come.  Dr.  George  Smith,  a  member  of  the  State  Senate,  from  Del- 
aware, drew  an  entirely  new  bill,  more  simple  and  better  adapted  to 
the  wants  of  the  people  in  all  their  varied  circumstances,  and  pre- 
sented it.  So  great  was  the  antagonism  engendered  by  the  law  of 
'34,  that  it  was  with  the  utmost  difficulty  that  the  great  body  of  the 
members  could  l)e  induced  to  listen  to  the  provisions  of  a  common 
school  law;  but  throuo-h  tlie  firmness  and  resolution  of  Governors 
AVolf  and  Kitner,  and  the  sturdy  virtue  and  powerful  appeals  of  such 
men  as  Stevens,  and  Brceck,  and  Smith  and  Burrowes,the  public  school 
system,  free  alike  to  rich  and  poor,  to  high  and    low,    was  firmly 

15 


298  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

established,  and  from  that  day  to  tliis  has  been  increasing  in  power 
and  perfection.  To  secure  its  passage  it  was  necessary  to  adopt  the 
principle  of  local  option.  It  was  left  to  a  vote  of  the  people  of  the 
several  townships  to  decide  whether  they  would  accept  the  provisions 
of  the  law  or  not.  But  this  did  not  injure  the  efficiency  of  the  system 
where  accepted,  and  it  went  rapidly  into  operation,  until  finally  every 
vestige  of  opposition  disappeared,  and  it  has  steadily  grown  in  favor. 

In  order  to  explain  the  provisions  of  the  new  system  and  in- 
troduce it  to  the  people  of  the  State,  Dr.  Thomas  II.  Burrowes,  then 
Secretary  of  State,  and  Em  oj)icio  Superintendent  of  common  schools, 
made  a  tour  of  the  Commonwealth  delivering  addresses  at  the  coun- 
ty seats  to  large  assemblies  of  the  people,  and  commending  and  en- 
forcing the  desirable  features  of  the  system  and  answering  objections 
that  were  brought  ao-ainst  it.  This  official  intercourse  had  an  ex- 
cellent  effect,  and  caused  a  more  hearty  attempt  on  the  part  of  its 
friends  to  establish  and  improve  the  schools. 

The  feature  of  the  law,  which  allowed  the  people  to  decide  by  pop- 
ular vote  whether  they  would  accept  the  provisions  of  the  law  or 
reject,  while  it  gave  an  opportunity  to  prevent  its  adoption  at  once 
and  thus  to  retard  the  progress  of  the  system,  doubtless  proved  its 
salvation.  For,  while  the  opponents  realized  that  they  had  the  power, 
if  they  were  in  the  majority,  of  rejecting  the  system,  they  were  at 
the  same  time  made  to  feel  that  in  rejecting  it  they  were  assuming  a 
fearful  responsibility,  and  caused  them  to  reflect  that  they  might  be 
guilty  of  an  act  that  would  one  day  return  to  plague  the  inventors. 

Secretary  Burrowes,  in  his  first  annual  report,  and  indeed  the 
first  common  school  report  ever  made  in  this  Commonwealth,  read 
before  the  House  of  Ilepresentatives  on  the  18th  of  February,  1837, 
in  commenting  on  this  phase  of  the  law  says,  "We  encounter  results 
directly  opposed  to  those  which  the  same  facts  under  ordinary  circum- 
stances, would  produce.  Counties  among  the  most  intelligent  enter- 
prising and  devoted  to  the  general  interests  of  education  are  found  to 
be  among  the  most  hostile  to  the  system.  Others  which  from  their 
wealth,  density  of  population,  and  moral  character,  might  be  sup- 
posed peculiarly  adapted  to  its  beneficial  action,  are  scarcely  less 
averse  than  the  class  just  named.  On  the  other  hand,  as  he  advances 
from  the  older  counties,  with  a  population  somewhat  of  a  homogeneous 
character,  he  finds  the  system  increase  in  favor  among  the  new  and 
mixed  people  of  the  West  and  SouthM-est,  while  it  is  unanimously 
accepted  by  the  recent  and  thinly  inhabited  settlements  of  the  whole 
North." 

By  reference  to  the  tables  of  the  secretary  it  will  be  seen  that 
Greene  was  one  of  the  counties  which  was  at  the  first  slow  in  adopt- 
ing the  system.  Under  the  head  of  amount  of  tax  voted  at  the  meet- 
ing held  for  Greene  County  on  the  2d  of  May,  1836,  the   sum  is 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  299 

given  as  $2,315.17.  In  a  coniparativ-e  statement  sliowing  the  rela- 
tive standing  of  the  schools  of  the  county  for  three  years  the  follow- 
ing is  the  showing  for  Greene:  AVhole  number  of  school  districts 
14;  for  the  year  1834  no  return.  For  1835  one  accepting  district, 
five  non-accepting,  and  eight  not  represented.  For  1836  ten  accept- 
ing, none  non-accepting  and  four  not  represented.  When  it  is  con- 
sidered that  for  the  first  few  years  all  the  resources  were  required 
for  getting  suitable  school  rooms  in  which  to  hold  schools,  and  con- 
sequently very  little  advantage  would  be  obtained  by  way  of  in- 
struction, this  showing  is  highly  creditable. 

In  the  table  for  1837  Greene  County  has  the  following  school 
districts  entered,  Cumberland,  Franklin,  Jeli'erson,  Marion,  Morgan, 
Morris,  Monongahela,  and  liichhill.  Of  these  Franklin  is  credited 
with  35  males  and  15  females;  schools  kept  open  for  two  months,  as 
paying  $20  a  month  to  male  teachers,  and  the  character  and  qualifi- 
cation of  teachers  as  "  Good."  Jefferson  is  credited  with  6  schools, 
6  male  teachers,  200  male  pupils,  and  218  female,  as  paying  $20  a 
month  for  male  teachers;  four  teachers  qualified  to  teach  reading, 
writing  and  arithmetic,  and  two  grammar,  geography  and  mathe- 
matics. Marion  is  credited  with  three  schools,  two  male  and  one 
female  teacher,  60  male  pupils  and  53  female  pupils,  schools  kept 
open  three  months;  paying  male  teachers  $20  a  month  and  females 
$10;  qualification  of  teachers,  "Equal  to  teachers  of  English  schools 
generally."  Morgan  is  credited  with  four  schools,  4  male  teachers, 
110  male  pupils,  55  females;  schools  open  3  months;  male  teachers 
$20  a  month,  females  $10.  Monongahela  is  credited  with  4  schools, 
3  male  teachers,  1  female,  75  male  pupils,  50  females,  salaries  of 
male  teachers  $16.50,  females  $13,  ''  Character  good,  qualification 
various."  Reading,  writing  and  arithmetic  taught.  Kichhill  schools 
"  not  yet  in  operation." 

In  commenting  upon  the  lessons  to  be  gathered  from  a  view  of 
the  tables  presented  in  his  report,  Dr.  Burrowes  observes,  "  In  other 
States,  having  one  language,  one  people,  one  origin,  and  one  soil,  a 
system  suited  to  one  district,  satifies  the  whole.  Not  so  here.  No 
project,  however  wisely  planned,  or  systematically  adapted,  can  he 
pronounced  sufficient  till  approved  by  the  test  of  experience.  Hence, 
it  becomes  the  policy — nay  it  is  the  duty  of  the  Legislature,  neither 
on  the  one  hand,  unduly  to  press  any  part  of  the  design,  no  matter 
how  theoretically  beautiful  it  may  appear,  if  it  have  been  con- 
demned in  practice,  nor  on  the  other,  ever  to  relinquish  a  point  once 
gained  in  favor  of  the  system  however  it  may  fall  short  of  previous 
calculation.  It  is  only  by  resting  on  and  starting  from  such  mutu- 
ally admitted  points,  that  success  can  at  all  be  achieved  in  any  great 
enterprise." 

In  the  first  half  dozen  counties  immediately  about  Philadelphia 


300  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

were  assembled  the  great  body  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  followers 
of  the  great  founder  of  the  Commonwealth.  To  provide  for  the  edu- 
cation of  their  children,  as  well  as  to  make  provision  for  their  poor, 
is  a  part  of  the  religions  faith  of  these  people.  "  Hence,"  proceeds 
the  report,  "  in  every  one  of  these  counties  the  common  school  sys- 
tem has  not  proved  acceptable  for  the  plain  reason  that  a  system  of 
society  schools  is  already  in  active  operation.  For  this  reason  also, 
and  in  the  abstract  it  is  difficult  to  gainsay  it,  their  citizens  say  that 
no  new  system  is  required  by  a  community,  who  are  already  in  pos- 
session of  one  sufficient  for  all  their  wants.  This  disposition  is  par- 
ticipated in  by  their  immediate  fellow-citizens,  not  members  of  the 
society,  because  they,  to  a  certain  extent,  also  receive  the  benefits  of 
the  society  schools." 

It  was  not  objected  that  schools  and  school  property  already  in 
existence  should  be  absorbed  by  the  common  school  system. 
Indeed  Secretary  Burrowes  laid  down  in  his  report  the  following 
principles.  "  In  its  eifects  the  system  should  be  made,  1.  To  supply 
common  schools,  where  no  system  was  before  in  operation.  2.  To 
improve  and  make  common  the  defective  primary  schools  that  pre- 
ceded it,  and  3,  To  aid  with  its  funds  and  render  common  the  good 
schools  which  it  encounters.  In  a  word  its  duty  is  to  build  com- 
mon schools  where  there  are  none,  and  to  open  the  doors  of  the 
schools  already  built."  In  some  localities  in  Greene  County  at  this 
time  the  inhabitants  of  a  neighborliood  had  united  in  building  a 
school-house,  or  in  litting  up  a  room  in  some  private  dwelling,  where 
schools  had  been  supported  by  the  voluntary  contributions  of  the 
patrons.  These  were  gonerallj^  turned  over  to  the  management  and 
support  of  the  legally  constituted  directors  under  the  common  school 
law,  and  the  immediate  expense  of  securing  school  property  M^as 
avoided;  but  in  most  portions  of  the  county  provision  had  to  be 
made  for  setting  up  schools  de  novo.  Of  course  the  expense  of 
either  building  school-houses,  or  of  renting  rooms  was  quite  sorely 
felt,  as  the  State  gave  nothing  for  buildings,  and  consequently 
there  was  less  fund  left  for  instruction.  I>ut  when  the  system  once 
got  in  operation  the  burden  of  building  was  relieved,  and  the  ordi- 
nary workings  of  the  system  moved  on  in  something  like  regular 
order.  After  classifying  the  several  counties  of  the  State  according 
to  the  peculiar  circumstances  in  which  they  stood  related  to  the  sys- 
tem, and  explaining  the  causes  which  led  to  the  results  shown  by  the 
reports,  the  Secretary  proceeds  in  this  his  first  common  school  re- 
port to  sum  up  the  results  as  follows:  1st.  "  We  now  have  a  system 
— an  admitted,  permanent,  and  well  understood  starting  point.  To 
have  attained  this  is  a  afreat  advance  to  success.  2d.  We  have  now 
a  class  of  men  set    apart   to    watch    over   the  cause  of  education  in 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  301 

every  neighborhood — six   school  directors.     They   may   not   yet  be 
qualified  for  the  trust,  but  they  will  be." 

It  may  seem  strange  to  us,  who  see  the  matter  of  common  school 
education  throughout  the  broad  commonwealth  regarded  as  a  neces- 
sity, and  as  much  an  element  to  be  enjoyed  as  the  air  we  breathe,  the 
vapor  of  the  clouds  and  the  ceaseless  flow  of  water  in  the  streains, 
that  there  should  ever  have  been  a  time  when  any  fear  should  have 
been  entertained  lest  the  system  should  be  abandoned,  or  such  legis- 
lation should  be  adopted  as  would  greatly  cripple  or  destroy  its  use- 
fulness. Yet  there  was  scarcely  a  moment  during  the  early  years  of 
the  existence  of  the  system  when  its  friends  did  not  entertain  the 
deepest  solicitude  for  its  safety. 

Superintendent  Burrowes  in  opening  his  report  for  1838  says: 
"It  is  true  the  system  is  neither  in  full  operation,  nor  its  machinery 
perfect.  But  the  momentous  question,  'Can  education  be  made  as 
general  and  as  unbought  as  liberty?'  has  been  determined  in  the  af- 
firmative by  the  intelligence  of  Pennsylvania."  The  occasion  of  his 
speaking  tlius  exultingly  M'as  an  event  which  he  sets  forth  in  these 
words:  "  The  whole  commonwealth  is  divided  into  one  thousand 
common  school  districts.  Of  these  about  seven  hundred  had  the 
system  in  operation,  previous  to  the  first  Tuesday  of  May,  1837, 
when  its  continuance  or  rejection  was  to  lie  decided  by  a  direct  vote 
of  the  people.  On  the  day  which  was  thus  to  determine  the  fate 
of  the  system,  so  far  as  information  has  been  received  [and  it  has 
been  carefully  sought  for],  not  a  single  district  declared  against  the 
cause  of  free  education.  All  stood  firm.  And  during  the  same  sea- 
son sixty-five  additional  districts  for  the  first  time  came  out  for  the 
system.  Thus  the  momentous  question  was  forever  settled,  and  at  a 
time,  and  under  circumstances  too,  the  most  unpropitious  for  such  a 
result.  The  common  school  system  had  been  in  existence  for  three 
years,  but  really  had  been  in  operation  in  a  majority  of  accepting 
districts,  only  as  a  system  of  taxation,  and  not  of  instruction.  Its 
funds  from  the  State  were  small,  and,  whether  from  the  State  or 
taxation,  were  necessarily  devoted  for  the  first  years  to  the  procur- 
ing of  school  houses.  Thus  little  or  nothing  was  left  for  teach- 
ing." 

Feeling  now  tolerably  secure  of  his  ground,  and  realizing  full 
well  that  the  system  w'as  securely  established,  the  Secretary  know- 
ing that  public  school  education  would  not  be  bound  and  confined 
to  the  bare  rudiments  of  reading,  writing,  and  the  casting  of  ac- 
counts, but  would  gradually  advance  in  facilities  until  a  thorough 
training  would  be  aftbrded  in  its  scope,  proceeded  to  sketch  the 
ultimate  propositions  which  it  would  assume;  but  which  it  required 
a  half  century  to  realize. 

"The     question,"  he  says, ''which  has  been  settled  by  the  adop- 


302  niSTOliY    OF    GKEENE    COUNTY. 

tion  of  tlie  common  school  system,  does  not  merely  declare  that  the 
people  of  Pennsylvania  will  have  reading,  writing  and  arithmetic 
tanght  at  the  cheapest  possible  rate,  to  all,  in  half  a  dozen  comfort- 
able school  houses  in  eacli  township.  This,  to  be  sure,  is  determined, 
and  is  of  itself  a  great  deal.  But  greater  and  better  things  liave 
been  willed  by  the  same  vote.  In  the  deep  and  broad  foundations 
of  the  primary  common  school  are  also  found  the  bases  of  the  more 
elevated  secondary  school,  the  practical  institute  for  the  teacher  and 
man  of  business,  the  academy  for  the  classical  student,  the  college 
for  his  instruction  in  the  higher  branches  of  science  and  literature, 
and  the  towering  university  from  which  the  richest  stores  of  pro- 
fessional learning  will  be  disseminated. 

"  In  other  ages  and  countries  the  lower  orders  might  be  confined 
to  the  rudiments  of  knowledge,  while  the  higher  branches  were  dis- 
pensed to  the  privileged  classes,  in  distant  and  expensive  semina- 
ries. Jjut  here  we  have  no  lower  orders.  Our  statesmen,  and  our 
highest  magistrates,  our  professional  men  and  our  capitalists,  our 
philosophers,  and  our  poets,  our  merchants  and  our  mechanics,  all 
spring  alike  from  the  mass,  and  ])rincipally  from  the  agricultural 
portion  of  the  community." 

In  vision  he  contemplates  the  results,  which  he  labored  so  earn- 
estly to  establish,  and  which  have  actually  been  substantially  realized. 
"  The  youth,"  he  says,  "  enters  the  primary  school  at  five  years  of 
age.  In  five  seasons  he  is  prepared  to  enter  the  secondary  school. 
He  is  then  ten.  Four  years  here  fits  him  for  the  practical  institute. 
He  is  now  fourteen,  and  is  supposed  to  have  hitherto  sustained  liim- 
self  by  devoting  one-third,  or  even  one-half,  of  each  year  to  the  busi- 
ness of  his  parent  or  employer.  He  attends  two  terms  at  the  insti- 
tute, occupying  portions  of  two  years,  and  in  the  interim  earns 
enough  to  pay  for  his  boarding  and  clothes.  He  is  now  sixteen 
years  of  age.  He  may  next  ^enter  the  academy  and  pass  from  it  to 
the  second  class  in  college,  or  if  his  circumstances  will  permit  this 
one  year  spent  as  teacher  or  clerk  in  a  store,  or  in  the  business  of 
agriculture  during  the  day  and  close  study  at  night,  provides  him 
with  means  and  fits  him  for  entering  college  without  attendance  at 
the  academy.  This  he  does  at  seventeen.  The  same  process  carries 
him  through  the  collegiate  course,  and  at  twenty-one  he  is  a  gradu- 
ate, Avith  industry  and  acquirements,  well  calculated  for  the  study  of 
any  profession." 

For  a  period  of  fifteen  years  the  law  thus  inaugurated  was  kept 
in  operation  with  varying  results,  producing  rich  fruitage  where 
faithfully  administered.  But  it  was  found  after  this  length  of  trial 
that  there  were  defects  in  the  system  that  needed  remedy.  There 
was  no  competent  authority  provided  for  ascertaining  and  certifying 
to  the  qualifications  of  teachers.     The  annual  reports  of  boards  of 


IIISTOllY    OF    GKEEXE    COUNTY.  303 

directors,  showing  tlie  operations  of  the  schools  and    the  expenditure 
of  money  were  not  certified  by  a  disinterested  party,  school  vistation 
by  an  intelligent  examiner   Avas   oidy   partially  done,  or   not  at  all, 
teachers  were  not  assembled  in  convention  for  instruction  and  stimu- 
lation in  the  work  of  their  calling,  and  plans  for   buildincr,  seating, 
warming,    ventilating    and    duly    providing    with    necessary    appa- 
ratus, were  not  provided.     To  remedy  these  defects  a  revision  of  the 
law  was  commenced  in  1854,  by  which  the  office  of  County  Superin- 
tendent of  Common  Schools  was  engrafted  upon  it.     This  officer  was 
charged  with  the  duty  of  examining  all  teachers  who  were  applicants 
for  schools,  and  granting  certiiicates  setting  forth  the  degree  of  com- 
petency of  each  in  the  several  branches  required  to  be  taught,  and  of 
wholly  refusing  certificates  to  those  deemed  incompetent  whether  by 
lack  of  education   or  moral    character.     He  was  also  to   visit   the 
schools  as  often  as  practicable  and  give  such  advice  and  instruction 
to  teachers   as  seemed  proper,  to  organize  teachers'  institutes  for  the 
instruction  and  encouragement  of  teachers,  and  by  lectures  and  con- 
ferences with  parents,  explain  tlie  provisions  of  the  law  and  remove 
difficulties  in  the  way  of  its  successful  operation,  to  certify  to  the  cor- 
rectness of  the  reports  made  by  boards  of  directors,  of  the  length  of 
each  school  term  and  statistics  of  attendance.     Tlie  making  of  these 
reports  was   made   obligatory   before  the   district  could    receive   its 
share  of  the  State  appropriation.     The  school  department,  wliich  had 
previously  been  an   adjunct  of  the  State  department,  was  separated 
from  it  and  made   independent,   with  a  superintendent  of  common 
schools  at  its  head,  with  a  deputy,  and  the  necessary  corps  of  clerks. 
A  School  Architecture  was  published  by  the  State,  and  a  copy  deposited 
with  each  board  of  the  school  directors  in  the  Commonwealth,  illus- 
trated with  plans  of  school-houses   for  all  the  different  grades  of 
schools,    and    provided    with    the    necessary    specifications  for  the 
builder.     An  act  for  the  establishment  of  normal  schools,  and  their 
effcient  regulation  was  also  passed,  by  which   the  State  was  divided 
into  twelve  normal  districts  in   wliich   a  normal  school  might  be  set 
up  and  receive  aid  from  the  State  under  stipulated  regulations, — ten 
acres  of  ground  in  one  body,  a  hall  capable  of  seating  1,000  persons, 
capacity  for  accommodating  300  pupils.     It  was  also  provided  that 
cities  of  the  requisite  population  should  elect  a  superintendent,  in- 
dependent of  the  county,  and  the   attendance  of  teachers  upon  the 
annual  county  institute  was  made  obligatory,  and  their  pay  during 
the  time  of  its  session  was  allowed  by  the  districts  employing  them. 
Vigorous  opposition  was  made  to  some  of  these  changes,  especi- 
ally to  that  providing  for  the  election   of  count}'  superintendent, 
chiefly  on  account  of  the  expense  incurred  by  spreading  a  swarm  of 
new  officials  over  the  State,  whose  services,  it  was  claimed,  could  be 
dispensed  with.     Tliis   opposition   gradually    wore   away   before  the 


304  IIISTOEY    OF    GEEENE    COUNTY. 

labors  of  a  competent  and  faithful  officer.  The  value  of  his  labors 
in  eliminating  from  the  schools  incompetent  and  unskilled  teachers, 
and  bringing  to  the  front  the  well  qualitied,  was  found  to  be  very- 
great,  and  the  utility  of  bringing  teachers  together  in  institutes  and 
stimulating  them  to  the  adoption  of  the  best  methods  of  instruction 
and  government  was  incomparable.  ^ 

Stratige  as  it  may  seem,  there  were  a  few  districts  scattered  over 
the  Commonwealth,  which  as  late  as  1863,  and  perhaps  later,  per- 
sisted in  refusing  to  adopt  the  free  school  system,  and  consequently 
failed  annually  to  receive  their  shares  of  the  State  appropriation.  In 
the  process  of  years  these  arrearages  accumulated  until  they 
amounted  to  a  considerable  sum.  A  statement  of  these  accumula- 
tions was  annually  published  in  the  State  report  of  the  superintend- 
ent, and  the  offer  to  pay  them  over  Mdien  the  system  should  be 
adopted  which  the  people  of  the  refusing  districts  could  see,  until 
linally,  if  for  no  better  nor  stronger  i-eason,  they  all  were  induced 
to  accept  the  bait  held  out  to  them. 

The  first  annual  report  after  the  adoption  of  the  revised  system 
was  made  by  the  Hon.  Charles  A.  Black,  who  was  then  Secretary  of 
State,  and  Ex-officio  Superintendent  of  Schools,  and  a  citizen  of  our 
own  County  of  Greene.  It  is  with  a  degree  of  pride  that  some  ex- 
tracts from  that  admirable  document,  illustrating  as  it  does  an  intelli- 
gent view  of  its  spirit  and  best  methods  of  administration  are  here 
given.  Touching  a  matter  which  proved  to  be  of  vital  importance 
in  the  subsequent  opei-ations  of  the  system,  he  says:  "With  us  the 
rule  has  ever  been  to  adopt  the  township  lines  as  the  proper  bound- 
aries, and  the  exception  to  this  is  the  independent  districts  under 
special  acts  of  assembly.  This  evil  once  commenced  it  is  easy  to 
perceive  how  it  might  run  into  excess  until  everj'  thing  like  order 
or  system  in  the  arrangement  of  school  districts  would  be  destroyed." 
This  evil,  thus  intelligently  characterized,  was  found  in  practice  to 
be  all  that  was  here  pictured,  and  proved  one  of  the  great  disturbing 
elements  to  progress. 

The  remarks  of  the  secretary  upon  the  adoption  of  the  superin- 
tendency  are  most  judicious.  The  addition,  then,  of  this  new 
feature  of  our  common  school  system,  was  the  result  of  an  impera- 
tive necessity;  and  it  Avas  commended  to  the  attention  of  the  Legis- 
lature, not  more  by  the  favorable  experience  of  other  States,  than 
the  evident  adaptation  of  the  measure  to  the  objects  in  view.  It 
was  foreseen,  however,  by  the  department  that  in  all  probability  the 
institution  would  be  received  with  some  disfavor,  and  more  especially 
by  the  directors,  whose  actions  it  might  seem  designed  to  control. 
Great  care  was  consequently  taken  to  convince  them  that  such  was 
not  the  purpose,  but  was  designed  to  assist  them  in  the  performance 
of  their  duties,  to  relieve  them  of  some  of  the  most  irksome  of  their 


%0^ 


^e^  j0U^^/^ 


msTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  307 

labors,  and  to  elevate,  if  possible,  the  character  of  the  entire  system 
for  usefulness  and  efficiency.  In  a  circular  addressed  to  directors,  "it 
was  urged  that  in  making  choice  of  county  superintendent  'strict 
regard  should  be  had  to  qualifications,  habits  of  morality,  industry 
and  previous  zealous  support  of  education  by  common  schools.  That 
law  requires  the  person  elected  to  be  of  literary  and  scientilic  ac- 
quirements, and  skill  and  experience  in  the  art  of  teaching.'  " 

The  Secretary,  in  a  circular  addressed  to  County  Superinten- 
dents, gave  very  judicious  advice,  which  was  well  conceived  for 
making  successful  the  labors  of  this  new  officer  and  securing  the  per- 
manence of  the  office.  The  value  of  the  counsel  given  in  this  circu- 
lar, at  this  juncture,  can  not  be  overestimated,  and  doubtless  was  the 
means  ot  saving  the  repeal  of  this  feature  of  the  law — a  calamity 
which  had  befallen  this  provision  in  the  neighboring  State  of  New 
York.  "  Its  usefulness,"  says  the  Secretary,  "  with  us  will  depend 
materially  upon  the  manner  in  which  its  duties  are  performed.  In 
their  intercourse  with  directors,  who  are  essentially  the  vitality  of 
our  system.  Superintendents  should  be  careful  to  avoid  any  assump- 
tion of  authority  not  conferred  by  the  law.  The  jealousy  which 
naturally  exists  towards  the  creation  of  a  superior  ottice,  apparently 
intended  to  control  their  actions,  maj'  be  conciliated  and  entirely  re- 
moved by  a  spirit  of  courtesy  and  forbearance,  and  a  carefulness 
to  avoid  any  interference  with  the  rights  and  duties  properly  given 
by  law  to  the  directors.  Their  powers  remain  undiminished,  and  in 
some  respects  the  duties  of  directors  are  increased  by  the  new  law.  It 
may  be  proper  and  useful  for  a  superintendent  to  give  advice  and  in- 
struction when  required,  upon  many  points  not  prescribed  by  the 
law.  *  *  *  The  intercourse  of  a  county  superintendent,  with 
the  directors  of  his  county,  should  be  as  frequent  and  familiar  as 
possible.  In  his  visitations  he  should  carry  with  him  a  spirit  of 
courtesy,  and  endeavor  upon  all  such  occasions  to  have  the  personal 
presence  of  the  directors.  Teachers  should  always  be  examined 
in  their  presence.  This  is  both  the  duty  of  superintendents  and  the 
right  of  the  directors.  '"  *  ■^"-  By  being  present  at  the  examina- 
tion of  teachers  and  visitations  they  can  better  judge  of  the  qualiti- 
cation  and  worth  of  a  teacher,  the  progress  of  the  schools,  and  the 
ability  and  devotion  of  the  superintendent  to  the  cause  of  education, 
and  the  manner  in  which  he  discharges  his  duties." 

"  Whatever  opposition  has  been  manifested  towards  the  office  of 
county  Superintendent,  results  more  perhaps  from  opposition  to  the 
entire  system  of  popular  education  than  to  this  or  any  other  particu- 
lar feature  of  the  law.  It  is  to  be  regretted  that  there  are  still  those 
M'ho  are  so  blind  to  their  own  true  interests  as  to  oppose  any  system 
that  would  call  upon  them  for  taxes,  and  would  be  hostile  to  any 
system  of  education   unless  they  were  especially   exempt    from    tax- 


308  HISTORY    OF    GIIEEN-E    COUNTY. 

ation.  *  *  *  In  the  moral  and  intellectual  culture  of  society, 
more  than  in  the  strong  arm  of  the  law,  do  they  find  the  surest  se- 
curity for  the  safety  and  protection  of  themselves  and  property. 
The  law  never  interposes  to  prevent  the  perpetration  of  oftence,  ex- 
cept by  way  of  example — never  exhorts  or  entreats.  Its  only 
mission  is  to  detect  and  punish,  or  to  reform  through  punisliment. 
But  education,  moral  and  intellectual,  like  an  angel  of  mercy,  pre- 
cedes the  action  of  the  law,  and  enables  the  young  to  guard  against 
the  temptations  that  might  otherwise  beset  them  through  life.  Has 
it  ever  struck  the  minds  of  such  that  just  in  proportion  as  we  diffuse 
the  blessings  of  education,  we  lessen  the  public  expenditures  for  the 
administration  of  justice — for  the  support  of  jails  and  penitentiaries." 

It  would  be  pleasant  and  profitable  to  quote  still  further  from 
this  admirable  report  of  Secretary  Black,  the  'first  to  report  under 
the  new  law.  It  was  fortunate  for  the  State  and  for  the  new  system 
that  so  able  and  liberal  minded  a  man  was  at  the  helm  at  this  criti- 
cal juncture,  that  his  views  were  so  admirably  conceived  and  ex- 
pressed, and  a  great  credit  to  the  county  of  Greene  that  one  of  its 
own  sons  was  the  instrument  of  conserving  and  perpetuating  so  great 
a  blessing  to  the  commonwealth. 

As  we  have  seen,  the  feature  of  the  new  law  which  was  in  great- 
est danger  of  failure  was  the  county  superintendency.  Though  this 
was  preserved,  and  in  its  sphere  was  capable  of  effecting  great  im- 
provements of  the  system,  yet  it  was  not  potent  for  securing  all  the 
increase  in  efiiciency  desired.  One  of  the  defects  which  it  could  not 
immediately  remove  was  the  lack  of  well  instructed  and  skilled 
teachers.  Upon  this  head  the  Secretary  observes.  "  The  great 
scarcity  of  well  qualified  teachers  is  still  a  source  of  grave  com- 
plaint in  almost  eveiw  county  of  the  commonwealth.  It  is  an  evil 
that  lies  at  the  very  root  of  our  system,  and  until  it  is  entirely  re- 
moved our  schools  cannot  attain  a  permanently  flourisliing  condition. 
Much  has  been  done  during  the  past  summer  by  means  of  teachers' 
institutes  and  kindred  associations  to  infnse  a  proper  spirit  of  emula- 
tion among  the  teachers  and  the  examinations  by  the  county 
superintendents  have,  doubtless,  contributed  to  the  same 
results.  *  *  *  Tlie  subject  of  normal  schools  for  the 
education  of  professional  teachers,  has  been  so  frequently  urged  upon 
the  attention  of  the  Legislature  that  it  is  scarcely  necessary  on  tliis 
occasion  to  repeat  the  arguments  in  their  favor.  It  cannot  be  doubted 
that  two  Normal  Schools,  one  in  the  eastern  and  the  other  in  the 
western  or  northern  part  of  the  State,  properly  regulated  and  sus- 
tained by  the  liberality  and  bounty  of  the  State,  *  *  *  would 
in  a  very  few  years  not  only  supply  our  schools  with  competent 
teachers,  but  give  a  tone  and  character  to  the  entire  system  that  it 
never    before  enjo3'ed," 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  309 

Xo  one  call  doubt  that  this  recommendation  of  the  Secretary  was 
one  of  vital  importance  at  this  juncture,  striking  at  the  very  root  of 
the  evils  under  which  the  system  was  groaning.  The  Legislature 
was  not  slow  in  seeinor  the  reasonableness  of  his  recommendation, 
and  in  acting  upon  it.  For,  at  the  session  of  1857  a  normal  school 
law  was  enacted  which  provided  for  beginning  with  a  single  school, 
and  for  gradually  expanding  into  that  imperial  system  whereby  twelve 
great  Normal  Institutions  will  be  established  in  as  many  well  defined 
districts,  representing  equal  areas  and  populations.  The  tenth  dis- 
trict, of  which  Greene  County  forms  a  part,  comprises  the  counties 
of  Washington,  Greene,  Fayette  and  Somerset.  The  school  for  this 
district  was  recognized  as  a  State  institution  in  1874,  and  is  situated 
at  California,  A\"ashington  County.  The  value  of  its  buildings  is  re- 
ported to  be  $95,000,  furniture  $7,000,  libraries  $600,  musical  in- 
struments $1,000,  apparatus  $1,350,  other  property  $1,500.  The 
total  number  of  students  that  liave  been  educated  in  it  males  2,287, 
females  2,232.  The  annual  attendance  males  255,  females  286. 
Schools  have  been  established  in  ten  districts,  leaving  only  two  still 
to  be  provided  for.  In  these  schools  up  to  the  present  time  have 
been  educated  males  36,950,  females  25,591  a  total  of  62,541,  and 
the  value  of  property  in  all  the  ten  is  $1,566,813.32.  From  the 
modest  recommendation  of  Secretary  Black,  in  1854,  has  all  this 
grown. 

Another  improvement  of  vital  importance  to  the  system  was  ef- 
fected in  the  administration  of  Secretary  Black,  that  of  publishing 
and  furnishinij;  each  board  of  school  directors  in  the  commonwealth 
with  a  copy  of  School  Architecture,  furnishing  improved  plans  and 
specifications  for  school  houses,  with  directions  for  properly  seating, 
warming,  ventilating,  and  furnishing  with  suitable  apparatus.  After 
quoting  the  provisions  of  the  law,  the  Secretary  proceeds  to  say: 
"  It  is  to  be  hoped  that,  ere  long,  the  rude  and  unsightly  buildings 
wliicli  still  disfigure  so  many  of  our  school  districts,  will  be  displaced 
by  comfortable  houses  located  upon  pleasant  and  healthy  sites,  and 
built  not  only  in  reference  to  convenience  and  comfort,  but  to  taste 
and  beauty.  I  have  already  had  occasion  to  suggest  the  intimate 
relation  between  the  physical  comfort  and  intellectual  improvement 
of  the  pupil,  and  that  it  is  scarcely  possible  for  a  child  to  make 
rapid  progress  in  education,  whilst  confined  within  the  damp 
walls  of  a  log  cabin  or  a  rickety  dilapidated  frame,  without  the 
slightest  pretension  towards  comfort  or  convenience.  How 
can  he  forbear  turning  with  loathing  and  disgust  from 
his  studies,  in  such  a  place,  to  the  more  pleasing  thoughts 
of  home  and  its  genial  comforts.  It  is  indeed  a  matter  of  sur- 
prise how  parents  themselves  can  be  so  insensible  to  the  mental 
training  of  their  children  as  to  overlook  this   important  fact." 


310  IIISTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

The  law  authorizing  tlie  publication  of  a  school  architecture,  con- 
templated the  furnishing  plans  for  schools  from  the  humblest  pat- 
tern required  in  the  rural  district  to  the  most  ample  and  best 
appointed  in  the  crowded  cities.  The  secretary  accordingly  secured 
the  services  of  Messrs.  Sloan  and  Stewart,  architects  of  Philadelphia, 
to  make  the  required  drawings  and  entrusted  the  superintending  of 
the  engraving  and  furnishing  the  necessary  descriptive  matter  to 
Thomas  II.  Burrowes,  who  had  been  the  first  secretary  under  the 
common  school  law,  and  whose  life  had  been  largely  devoted  to  sub- 
jects of  education.  The  book  thus  produced  has  been  of  vast  advant- 
age in  securing  suitable  school  buildings. 

In  concluding  his  report  at  this  critical  period  in  the  history  of 
school  education  in  the  Commonwealth,  Secretary  Black  takes  a  hope- 
ful and  reassuring  view.  "Never  before,"  he  says,  "were  the  entire 
body  of  the  people  so  deeply  interested  in  the  results  and  successful 
operation  of  the  law;  and  although  some  unfortunately,  will  ever- 
complain,  and  I  confess  that  all  have  perhaps  had  cause  to  murmur 
at  the  unsatistactor}'  results  of  former  years,  still  I  am  lirmly  per- 
suaded that  the  great  mass  of  our  citizens  are  ardently  devoted  to 
the  cause  of  education  by  common  schools,  and  would  deplore  any 
retrograde  action  at  this  time  by  the  Legislature  as  a  great  calamity. 
The  people  of  Pennsylvania  are  far  too  sagacious  and  patriotic  to  be 
insensible  to  the  overshadowing  importance  of  popular  education  to 
every  relation  in  life.  *  *  *  The  character,  habits  and  pursuits 
of  the  people  of  Pennsylvania  above  all  others  demand  the  elevating 
and  enlightening  agency  of  popular  education.  Nowhere  else  is 
labor  more  emphatically  the  active  element  of  greatness  and  pros- 
perity; and  it  should  be  a  matter  of  intense  gratification,  that  none 
are  more  devotedly  enlisted  in  the  cause  of  education  by  common 
schools  than  the  industrial  interests  of  the  State.  The  agricultural, 
mechanical  and  laboring  classes,  the  true  stamina  of  a  commonwealth, 
iind  in  the  common  schools  a  surer  source  of  power  than  wealth  it- 
self. For,  whatever  influence  the  higher  institutions  of  learning  have 
had,  or  shall  have  in  the  diffusion  of  human  knowledge,  it  is  to  the 
common  schools,  the  peoples'-  colleges,  that  the  great  mass  of  the  peo- 
ple must  look  for  the  advantages  and  blessings  of  education.  In 
these  humble  though  mighty  agencies  labor  will  find  the  secret  of 
its  power  and  the  means  of  elevating  itself  to  that  just  and  honor- 
able position  intended  by  the  Creator." 


HISTORY    OF    GREEIS^E    COUNTY.  311 


CHAPTER  XX. 

Reports  of  County  Superintendents — John  A.  Gordon — Opposition 
TO  Common  Schools — Assistance  of  Messenger  and  Eagle — 
Rev.  G.  W.  Baker — Waynesburg  and  Car^[ichaels  Graded 
Schools — Ne\v  Houses  and  Increased  Attendance — A.  G. 
McGlumpiiy — Institute  Organized — John  A.  Gordon — Nor- 
mal School  at  Greene  Academy* — Gordon  a  Soldier — Prof.  A. 
11  Miller — Prof.  T.  J.  Teal  for  12  Years — NE^v  Building 
AT  Waynesburg — County  Institute  Under  the  NE^v  LA^Y — In 
1870,  113  Frame,  23  Brick,  2  Stone,  29  Log — Array  of 
Talent  at  County  Institute — Mt.  Morris  Graded  School — 
Dr.  a.  B.  Miller,  Rev.  J.  B.  Solomon,  Prof.  Lakin,  Rev. 
Samuel  Graham — Jacksonville  Graded — Centennial  Report 
— Earliest  Schools  —  Qualifications  of  Early'  Teachers 
Meager — Teach  to  Double  Rule  of  Three — ^Names  of  Early 
Teachers — Stone  School  House  in  Whitley  Township. 

FROM  the  annual  reports  of  the  County  Superintendents  of  schools 
inav  be  traced  the  complete  history  of  the  origin  and  progress  of 
common  school  education  in  this  county.  We  have  seen  that  by  the 
report  of  1837  and  1838  only  the  townships  of  (Cumberland,  Frank- 
lin, Jefferson,  Marion,  Morgan,  Morris,  Monongahela  and  Richhill 
reported,  and  these  but  very  meager  results.  In  the  report  of  1854, 
John  A.  Gordon,  M'ho  was  the  County  Superintendent,  reports  the 
schools  154  in  number,  presided  over  by  147  male  teachers,  and  20 
females,  to  be  in  a  prosperous  condition,  the  people  everywhere  man- 
ifesting a  spirit  of  co-operation  in  his  labors.  In  his  subsequent  re- 
ports he  Hientions  opposition  not  so  much  to  himself  or  to  the  oliice 
which  he  filled,  as  to  the  taxation  which  the  support  of  the  schools 
and  building  of  the  school  houses  necessitated.  Public  meetings 
^vere  held  and -resolutions  passed;  but  beyond  this  it  took  no  more 
definite  form.  In  the  Western  townships  great  diihculties  were  ex- 
perienced on  account  of  the  sparseness  of  settlement,  great  blocks 
of  land  having  been  held  back  by  speculators,  which  ren- 
dered it  difficult  to  secure  scholars  enough  for  a  school  within  con- 
venient distance.  It  is  pleasant  to  note,  amidst  the  difficulties  he  had 
to  labor  under,  the  hearty  manner  in  which  he  recognizes  the  prompt 
assistance  rendered  him  by  the  Wajneshnrg  Messenger,  and  AVaynes- 


312  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

burg  Eagle;  and  also  the  aid  and  encouragement  from  the  Ilevs. 
Jeffries,  Collins,  Langhlin  and  Henderson,  and  from  J.  Laughran, 
president  of  tlie  Wayneshurg  College,  and  Prof.  Miller.  *  '^'  '^' 
"'  But  to  none  am  I  so  much  indebted  as  to  Rev.  G.  W.  Baker,  prin- 
cipal of  the  Union  school  at  Waynesbur^.  No  sacrifice  of  time  or 
money  appears  too  great  for  him  to  make  in  the  cause  of  common 
schools,  lie  is  always  ready  at  the  shortest  warning  to  go  where- 
ever  the  interest  of  the  cause  calls  him.  Neither  rain  nor  frost  can 
deter  him."  In  this  early  day  much  unrequited  labor  was  performed 
in  clearing  the  way  for  the  complete  success  of  the  common  school 
system,  and  it  is  oidy  simple  justice  that  testimony  be  borne  to  these 
earnest  and  self-sacrificing  toils. 

One  of  the  first  and  most  important  improvements  wrought  by 
the  revised  school  law  of  1854,  was  the  grading  of  schools  efi'ected, 
and  classification  secured  in  ungraded  schools  and  the  uniformity  of 
school  books  as  a  necessary  concomitant.  In  Mr.  Gordon's  report  of 
1856  he  says,  '^  There  are  two  graded  schools  in  the  county,  147  in 
which  a  successf  nl  attempt  has  been  made  at  classification,  and  none 
in  which  there  is  neither  grading  nor  classification.  One  of  the 
graded  schools  is  the  Union  school  at  Waynesburg.  It  is  taught 
by  Rev.  G.  W.  Baker,  principal,  and  Miss  McFerran  and  Miss  Alison 
assistants.  1  have  had  frequent  occasion  to  speak  of  this  school  in 
terms  of  commendation.  The  other  graded  school  is  in  the  borough 
of  Carmichaels.  This  school  has  only  had  the  experience  of  a  graded 
school  of  two  sessions.  It  was  taught  l)y  Mr.  Poundstone  and  Miss 
Wilkins." 

Some  estimate  can  be  formed  of  the  personel  of  the  teachers  em- 
ployed during  this  year  from  the  following  statement:  "There  are 
27  teachers  between  17  and  21  years  of  age;  40  between  21  and  25; 
84  between  25  and  30;  32  between  30  and  40;  4  between  40  and  50; 
and  14  over  50  years;  135  M'^ere  born  in  Pennsylvania,  and  16  out 
of  it.-'  In  his  concluding  report  for  the  year  1857  Mr.  Gordon  re- 
ports two  school  houses  as  having  been  built  after  plans  obtained 
from  the  new  School  Architecture  furnished  by  the  State.  Of  the 
materials  employed,  70  are  reported  as  of  frame,  16  brick,  4  stone 
and  67  log.  "  Over  30  schools  houses,"  he  says,  "  have  been  erected 
during  ray  term  of  oflice  (3  years)  one-fifth  of  the  whole  number. 
These  houses,  for  the  most  part,  are  better  located,  are  larger  and 
better  adapted  to  the  purpose  for  which  they  are  intended,  than  the 
first  ones."  In  summing  up  the  condition  of  the  schools  he  says, 
"  The  first  year  of  my  term  the  number  of  pupils  exceeded  any  former 
year  by  more  than  one  thousand.  This  year  judging  from  my  notes, 
the  attendance  will  exceed  the  first  year  by  several  hundreds."  In 
making  up  his  schedule  of  wants  of  the  system  he  places  at  the  head 
a  larger  State  appropriation.       This  would   relieve  in  a   measure  the 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  313 

burdensome  taxation  necessitated  hy  sparseness  of  population.  A 
second  is  a  more  uniform  and  systematic  visitation  of  schools;  a 
third  the  sympathy  and  co-operation  of  parents;  and  finally  a  host  of 
thoroughly  qualified  teachers. 

The  transition  state  from  the  inefficiency  which  had  prevailed 
under  the  old  law,  to  the  well  regulated  system  under  the  new  law 
of  1854:  did  not  come  until  the  second  term  of  the  county  superin- 
tendency.  In  the  attempt  to  build  school  houses  and  keep  the  schools 
open  four  months  in  the  year,  as  was  necessary  to  secure  the  State 
appropriation,  some  of  the  districts  incurred  indebtedness  beyond 
their  means,  and  consequently  several  of  the  townships  were  obliged 
to  levy  and  collect  taxes  to  pay  debts,  and  therefore  had  no 
schools  except  such  as  were  provided  by  voluntary  contributions.  A. 
J.  McGlumphy  was  elected  superintendent  for  the  second  term.  In 
his  first  report  he  mentions  three  districts  as  having  no  schools  open 
during  the  school  year,  at  public  expense,  for  the  reasons  given 
above. 

One  of  his  early  official  acts  was  to  issue  a  call  "  throuo-h  the 
county  papers  for  a  meeting  of  teachers,  directors,  and  other  friends 
of  education,  to  convene  in  the  college  hall  at  AVaynesburg,  to  or- 
ganize a  teachers'  institute  for  the  county.  At  the  time  appointed  a 
few  teachers  appeared,  and  an  organization  was  effected.  Several 
practical  and  interesting  lectures  were  delivered  by  the  teachers  pres- 
ent. A  number  of  the  citizens  of  Waynesburg  attended  every 
meeting  and  manifested  a  deep  interest  in  the  proceedings.  The  in- 
stitute met  again  in  January.  At  this  meeting  there  were  more 
teachers  present  than  at  the  first.  Upon  both  occasions  we  had  the 
assistance  of  Rev.  J.  P.  Weethee,  President  of  Waynesburg  College, 
Professor  A.  B.  Miller,  of  the  same  institute,  and  a  number  of  the 
students."  Provision  was  made  for  semi-annual  meetings,  and  it  is 
to  the  credit  of  Mr.  McGlumphy's  administration  that  the  county 
institute  was  successfully  organized.  lie  retired  at  the  end  of  the 
second  year  and  was  succeeded  by  G.  W.  Baker.  In  the  report  of 
the  latter  for  18(30  he  says  in  six  of  the  districts  there  were  no 
schools  during  the  last  year  for  lack  of  funds.  He  records  very 
much  to  his  credit  and  his  interest  in  the  schools:  "  I  held  some 
seven  or  eight  teachers'  institutes,  during  tlie  fall  and  winter.  They 
were  all  but  one  well  attended.  Judging  from  the  interest  mani- 
fested by  both  teachers  and  people,  they  were  of  great  service.  I 
lectured  nearly  every  week  once  or  twice  of  evenings,  while  perform- 
ing my  school  visitations.  These  were  largely  attended,  and  very 
frequently  the  schools  I  visited  were  crowded  with  spectators,  eager 
to  hear  the  performances  of  the  children  and  the  lectures  given 
them.  The  increasing  interest  manifested  by  the  teachers  and  peo- 
ple   of  this  county  augurs  favorably  for  the  future."       These    are 


314  illSTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

the  most  encouraging  words  found  in  any  of  the  reports  hitherto 
made. 

At  the  election,  which  occurred  for  the  third  term  of  the 
snperintendency,  John  A.  Gordon  was  cliosen,  entering  upon  his 
duties  with  the  experience  of  his  former  service,  and  the  old  time 
zeal,  which  manifested  itself  in  the  plan  for  work  which  he  immedi- 
ately laid  out.  "  I  have  made  arrangements,"  he  says,  "with  the  prin- 
cipal of  the  Greene  Academy,  to  hold  a  Normal  school.  It  will  open 
on  the  26th  of  August  and  continue  in  session  four  weeks.  At  the 
close  of  the  Normal  school  I  shall  commence  a  series  of  institutes, 
extending  to  the  1st  of  November,  wlien  the  schools  will  open." 
This  has  the  ring  of  the  true  metal,  and  snch  untiring  energ}'^  as  is 
here  prefigured  is  sure  of  its  reward. 

But  now  the  horrors  of  our  civil  war  were  upon  the  nation,  which 
overshadowed  every  other  interest.  On  the  1st  of  November,  1861, 
Mr.  Gordon  resigned  to  take  his  place  in  the  ranks  of  the  Union 
army,  and  his  companions  in  arins  recognized  his  worth  by  electing 
him  Captain.  Pi-ofessor  A.  L).  Miller,  A.  M.,  was  appointed  to  com- 
plete the  term.  In  his  report  for  1863  Superintendent  Miller  says, 
"The  war  has  taken  from  the  county  several  of  its  best  teachers,  sev- 
eral of  whom  have  discharged  the  debt  of  patriotism  with  their 
lives;  still  the  schools  are  supplied,  and  there  is  a  gradual  improve- 
ment in  the  general  or  aggregate  qualifications."  Though  in  the 
midst  of  war  times  he  reports  a  good  school-house  erected  in  each  of 
the  following  districts:  Cumberland,  Perry,  Centre,  Franklin, 
Whitely,  and  Morris;  and  a  Union  school  building  in    Waynesburg. 

Among  the  agencies  which  have  exerted  a  potent  influence  for 
good  over  the  common  schools  of  Greene  County  is  Waynesburg 
College.  The  superintendent  says  of  it,  "  Waynesburg  College  is 
now  in  a  prosperous  condition.  This  institution  is  exerting  a  decided 
and  beneficial  influence  upon  the  school  interests  of  the  county.  It 
has  educated  many  teachers,  and  its  professors  have  ever  manifested 
a  most  cordial  co-operation  with  those  who  have  had  supervision  of 
the  public  schools.  Greene  Academy  has  been,  for  a  long  time,  a 
'  light  shining  in  a  dark  place,' and  to  it  the  county  is  greatly  in- 
debted." 

For  the  next  four  terms,  embracing  a  period  of  twelve  years,  from 
1864  to  1876,  Professor  T.  J.  Teal  held  the  oflice  of  superintendent. 
During  this  long  period,  the  formative  period  of  common  school  in- 
struction in  the  county,  the  reports  show  a  steady  improvement  in 
the  erection  of  new  and  better  school-houses,  in  qualification  of 
teachers,  in  intelligent  interest  of  parents,  and  the  greater  efficiency 
of  directors  in  manatrincr  the  business  of  the  districts.  In  these 
several  reports  there  are  from  six  to  ten  new  school-houses  reported 
as  having  been  built  each  year.     In  the  report  of  1864  a  good  Union 


w^^/6/ 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  317 

school  building  is  reported  as  having  been  l)nilt  in  Wayncsbum  on  a 
couimodions  and  commanding  site  on  a  line  with  the  Wavnesburg 
College  building,  at  a  cost  of  ri^5,000,  from  plan  }\o.  5  of  the  State 
School  Architecture.  The  liev.  Dr.  Sloan,  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church,  was  the  hrst  principal,  assisted  by  Miss  Mattie  II.  Parker, 
Miss  Mary  Hedge,  Miss  McCormick,  and  Miss  Annie  Allison.  Tlie 
nation  was  stilt  in  the  throes  of  civil  war.  "  The  great  conilict,"  he 
says,  "  which  has  been  raging  for  the  last  three  years,  has  had  a  del- 
eterious effect  upon  the  cause  of  education.  Many  of  the  ablest 
and  most  successful  teachers  have  been  called  from  tlieir  peaceful  pro- 
fession to  fields  of  carnage  and  strife.  Some  fill  soldiers'  graves  on 
distant  fields;  others  are  still  in  the  ranks  of  war."  In  many  re- 
spects the  Superintendent  of  Greene  County  could  do  more  efficient 
work,  and  his  labors  M'ere  more  satisfactory  to  himself  and  useful  to 
the  county,  than  in  the  larger  and  more  thickly  peopled  counties  of 
the  State.  With  reasonable  diligence  the  officer  could  visit  all  the 
schools  each  year  once  and  some  a  second  time.  His  examinations 
of  teachers  could  be  held  in  three  weeks,  which  left  him  a  fair 
amount  of  time  for  holding  institutes  and  educational  meetings. 
Since  the  first  reports  a  great  change  had  Ijeen  made  in  the 
teaching  force  in  the  schools.  Whereas  in  the  first  years  the  teach- 
ers were  almost  without  exception  males,  now  they  stand  89  males  to 
74  females.  The  whole  number  of  visits  to  schools  this  year,  1864, 
was  172,  varying  in  length  from  an  hour  and  a  half  to  two  and  a  lialf, 
and  all  visited  excej)t  two. 

In  the  report  of  ISGG  an  appeal  M'as  made  for  more  ample  school 
grounds,  better  locations,  for  fencing  and  ornamentation  of  lots.  It 
is  a  sign  of  encouragement  that  fourteen  of  the  eighteen  districts 
of  the  county  were  supplied  with  globes  and  Mitchell's  outline  maps. 
This  manifests  a  step  in  advance,  and  a  sign  of  progress  scarcely  an- 
ticipated. In  the  report  of  1867  the  gratifying  intelligence  is  given 
that  Springhill,  which,  on  account  of  sparseness  of  settlement  and 
delays  in  takingup  the  lands  had  been  retarded  in  organizing  schools, 
this  year  had  all  its  schoois  in  operation,  and  consequently  was  ena- 
bled to  draw  its  share  of  the  State  appropriation,  and  certain  arrear- 
ages which  had  been  accumulating.  All  the  schools  of  the  district 
were  now  in  full  operation. 

The  Superintendent's  report  for  1868  shows  a  more  encouraging 
and  hopeful  spirit  than  has  previously  been  manifested  since  the  pas- 
sage of  the  revised  school  law.  "  Teachers,"  he  says,  "  have  a  more 
thorough  knowledge  of  the  branches  to  be  taught,  and  better  meth- 
ods of  imparting  their  knowledge.  They  read  more  books  on  the 
science  of  education  and  the  art  of  teaching.  They  attend  more 
educational  meetings  and  teacher's  institutes.  These  are  the  teach- 
ers who  display  superior  skill  and  ability  in  managing  schools." 

16 


318  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

The  labors  of  the  superintendent  during  tliisj'ear  appear  to  have 
been  more  energetic  and  fruitful  of  good  results  than  in  any  previous 
one.  Twelve  special  institutes  were  held  in  different  parts  of  the 
county  with  an  aggregate  attendance  of  one  hundred  and  sixty  teach- 
ers. In  December,  1867,  the  county  institute  was  organized  under 
the  provisions  of  the  new  act  regulating  these  meetings.  One  hun- 
dred and  three  teachers,  and  a  good  number  of  citizens  were  in 
attendance.  Professors  A.  B.  Miller,  J.  C.  Gilchrist,  S.  S.  Jack,  and 
J.  M.  Moore  assisted  the  Superintendent.  "  In  the  number  attend- 
ing, in  the  interest  manifested,  and  in  the  practical  woi'kings  of  the 
institute,  it  far  surpassed  any  educational  meeting  ever  held  in  the 
county."  Hut  though  great  improvements  are  thus  joyfully  recorded 
the  Superintendent's  Report  is  not  without  a  tinge  of  sadness  in  view 
of  some  of  the  obstacles  which  still  were  encountered.  "  Irregular 
attendance  is  one  of  the  great  opposing  elements  in  the  way  of  pro- 
gress. It  destroys  the  classification  of  the  schools,  and  obstructs  the 
progress  of  the  pupils.  It  discourages  the  teacher,  and  makes  his 
work  inefficient.  It  deprives  many  of  a  practical  education,  and 
throws  them  upon  the  bosom  of  society  without  those  essential 
characteristics  which  constitute  good  citizenship."  By  a  provision 
of  law  which  went  into  operation  this  year  school  directors  were  em- 
powered, if  they  were  unable  to  obtain  suitable  ground  in  a  desirable 
location  for  school-houses,  to  appropriate  such  and  so  much  as  was 
desired  and  pay  for  it  by  appraisement  as  in  the  case  of  land  taken 
for  roads. 

In  opening  his  report  for  the  year  1870  the  Superintendent  gives 
some  statistics,  which,  compared  with  those  given  at  the  first  adop- 
tion of  the  system,  are  gratifying.  The  whole  number  of  school- 
houses  is  reported  at  167;  of  these  113  are  frame;  23  brick;  2  stone; 
29  log.  The  county  institute  was  reported  from  year  to  year  as 
being  successfully  conducted  and  groM^ng  in  interest.  Able  educa- 
tors are  reported  as  having  been  employed  to  give  instruction  and 
lecture.  Among  these  were  Hon.  B.  G.  Northrop,  Superintendent 
of  the  Schools  of  Connecticut;  Hon.  J.  V.  Wickersham,  Superintend- 
ent in  Pennsylvania;  Andrew  Burtt,  author  of  Grammars;  A.  B. 
Miller,  D.  D.,  President  of  Waynesburg  College;  Prof.  J.  A.  Cooper, 
President  of  the  State  Normal  School  of  the  Twelfth  district;  J. 
Jackson  Purman,  of  Waynesburg;  Prof.  F.  A.  Allen,  President  of 
the  Normal  School  in  the  Fifth  district;  W.  W.  Woodruff,  Superin- 
tendent of  Chester  County;  Prof.  C.  L.  Ehrenfeld,  President  of  the 
Normal  School  in  the  Tenth  district;  Prof.  J.  B.  Solomon,  President 
of  the  Monongahela  College.  Such  an  array  of  talent  as  this  in  the 
special  line  of  institute  work,  embracing  some  of  the  most  distin- 
guished educators  and  authors  in  the  luition,  rarely  falls  to  the  lot  of 
any  one  county  to  have  employed,  and   it   could    not  but    exert    an 


HISTOKY    OF    GREKNE    COUNTY.  319 

important  influence  over  the  body  of  teachers  assembled.  A  free 
acknowledgment  of  the  progress  and  improvement  of  teachers 
is  made  in  the  report  of  this  year.  "  The  enterprising  and  progress- 
ive teachers  are  making  sacrilices  to  meet  the  constantly  increasing 
demand  of  a  higher  order  of  qualitication;  these  noble  workers  in  the 
cause  of  liuman  progress,  deserve  the  approbation  of  a  grateful  peo- 
ple; their  meritorious  work  is  seen  in  the  order,  neatness,  and  clean- 
liness of  the  school-room;  it  is  read  in  the  happy  faces  and  thoughtful 
countenances  of  their  pupils." 

The  report  of  1872  shows  the  erection  of  a  suitable  school  edifice 
and  the  grading  of  the  schools  at  Mt.  Morris.  The  near  completion 
of  the  Monono^ahela  College  edifice  is  also  mentioned,  and  the  success- 
ful  opening  of  the  institution.  Special  arrangements  for  the  training 
of  teachers  were  at  this  time  made  in  Waynesburg  College,  under  the 
charge  of  Dr.  A.  B.  Miller;  Monongahela  College,  under  Rev.  J.  B. 
Solomon;  Greene  Academy,  under  Prof  Lakin;  and  an  Academy  at 
Jacksonville,  nnder  Bev.  Samuel  Graham.  While  great  improve- 
ment is  annually  reported  in  the  (jualifieations  of  teachers,  the 
lamentable  fact  is  mentioned  that  many  of  the  most  experienced 
remain  but  a  short  time  in  the  profession.  They  either  go  into  other 
business  or  seek  employment  in  other  localities,  where  the  compensa- 
tion is  more  remunerative.  To  remedy  this  crying  evil  directors  are 
implored  to  give  better  remuneration,  and  the  almost  annual  recom- 
mendation is  made  that  the  Legislature  make  a  larger  State  appro- 
priation, so  that  better  wages  can  be  paid  worthy  teachers  without 
making  local  taxation  too  burdensome.  The  very  commendable 
practice  of  directors  and  citizens  attending  the  institutes  and  the 
annual  examinations  of  teachers  in  the  several  districts  is  reported, 
thus  evincing  a  growing  interest  in  the  progress  of  common-school 
education. 

In  the  report  of  1874,  the  superintendent  records  fifteen  local 
institutes  as  having  l)een  held,  all  well  attended  by  directors,  teachers 
and  citizens,  and  the  annual  county  institute  as  having  been  attended 
by  147  teachers.  The  institute  was  held  in  the  court-house,  and  "  a 
more  than  usual  interest  was  manifested  by'the  citizens  of  the  place." 
In  1875  the  schools  in  Jacksonville  were  graded  and  put  in  success- 
ful operation.  With  this  report.  Superintendent  Teal,  after  twelve 
years  of  faithful,  laborious,  intelligent  and  efficient  service,  closed  his 
official  labors.  The  schools  of  Greene  County  owe  much  to  his 
skillful  work  during  this  protracted  period. 

At  the  election  of  County  Superintendents  in  1875,  Prof.  A.  F. 
Silvius  was  elected  Superintendent  of  Greene  County.  In  his  first 
report  he  records  the  gratifying  fact  that  eighty-three  of  the 
schools  during  the  year  were  supplied  with  good  school  globes,  and 
that  directors  are  beginning  to  grade  the  wages  of  teachers  according 


320  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

to  the  degree  of  qualification,  as  sliowii  l)y  the  certificate,  and  success 
and  experience  in  teaching.  Local  institutes  were  held  in  fifteen 
districts,  and  the  county  institute  was  conducted  byllon.  John  II, 
French,  of  Burlington,  Vermont,  and  Dr.  Miller,  of  AYaynesburg, 
for  three  successive  sessions. 

In  the  year  succeeding  the  Centennial  year  of  American  Independ- 
ance,  the  State  Superintendent  of  Common  Schools  called  for  special 
reports  from  the  county  and  city  superintendents  embracing  a  history 
of  education  in  their  districts  for  the  past  hundred  years,  with  tlie 
design  of  publishing  a  Centennial  volume.  From  the  report  of 
Superintendent  Silvius  some  interesting  facts  are  gleaned.  Of  the 
state  of  education  in  the  territory  previous  to  1796,  when  the  countj' 
was  organized,  the  information  is  traditional. 

"  Of  the  early  emigrants,  but  few  could  read  and  write.  *  *  -J^- 
They  procured  some  unoccupied  cabin,  made  a  few  uncomfortable 
seats,  and  selected  one  of  their  number,  who  could  read  and  write 
best,  to  teach  the  school.  In  some  cases  a  room  was  fitted  up  in  one 
of  their  cabins,  and  the  woman  of  the  house  took  in  a  few  of  the 
neighbors'  children,  and  taught  them  with  her  own.  The  teachers  of 
that  day  were  very  meagerly  qualified.  Of  arithmetic,  many  knew 
little.  To  others  who  attempted  to  teach  it,  division  was  a  mystery. 
The  ability  to  solve  examples  by  the  rule  of  three  was  considered 
quite  a  scholarly  attainment,  and  it  was  often  inserted  in  articles  of 
agreement,  between  patrons  and  teachers,  that  they  would  teach 
arithmetic  only  to  the  '  Double  rule  of  Three.'  The  teachers  who 
accomplished  most  were  men  of  liberal  education  who  had  emigrated 
to  this  country  from  east  of  the  mountains,  and  from  foreign  countries, 
and  who  from  misfortune,  hal3its  of  life,  or  other  causes,  had  failed 
to  follow  the  profession  for  which  they  were  educated,  and  engaged 
in  teaching  as  a  necessity.  Many  of  them  were  men  of  doubtful  in- 
tegrity, and  irregular  lives.  Though  their  example  was  bad,  they 
accomplished  much  good,  and  our  oldest  citizens  remember  them 
with  gratitude. 

"  The  earliest  teachers  of  note  were  Kennedy,  Yan  Emon,  Ely, 
Dennj',  Wheelock,  Webb,  Duffy,  Van  Meter,  Felix  Hughes,  Frank 
Eraser,  and  Mrs.  Arnold,  followed  by  Hale,  Strowsnider,  Foley,  Mc- 
Courtney,  Wood,  Crawford,  Kent,  Kinehart,  Johnson,  Henry, 
Francis  IJraddock,  Thomas  Leasure,  Moses  Dinsmore,  Stephen 
Uncles,  James  Tane,  W.  B.  Teagarden,  Robert  Cathers  and  wife  and 
Amos  Stanberry.  Of  the  few  school-houses  built  at  the  early  period 
before  the  inauguration  of  the  free  school  system  of  1834,  by  the 
voluntary  subscriptions  of  neighbors,  the  most  notable  now  standing 
is  the  stone  structure  in  Wliiteley  Township,  a  monument  of  devotion 
to  education  at  a  time  when  money  was  scarce  and  little  was  being 
done.     It  should  be  ever  kept  in  tlie  best  of  repair  and  cherished  as 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  321 

a  link   between  tliat  early  period  and  the  present.       Few  such   mon- 
uments exist  within  the  borders  of  the  CommonAvcalth. 

"  Upon  the  adoption  of  the  common  school  system  of  1834,  some 
opposition  was  manifested  in  Greene  County,  and  as  the  adoption  or 
rejection  of  the  system  was  left  to  a  vote  of  the  people,  many  districts 
chose  not  to  accept  its  advantages.  But  tlie  accumulations  in  the 
State  treasury  of  monies  which  would  have  been  paid  to  non-accepting 
districts,  finally  became  so  great,  money  freel}'  offered  for  the  building- 
new  school-houses,  that  all  accepte<l  and  organized  under  the  pro- 
visions of  the  law.  It  was  much  in  favor  of  the  law  that  some  of 
the  most  influential  citizens  freely  gave  time  and  influence  in  favor 
of  the  system  by  serving  as  school  directors,  and  pleading  the  cause 
of  free  school  education." 

In  his  report  of  1878,  Superintendent  Silvius  publishes  the  report 
of  a  committee  of  teachers,  before  which  he  had  submitted  some  rec- 
ommendations upon  tlie  subject  of  gradation  and  promotion  in  the 
schools,  which  was  adopted  at  the  county  institute.  The  following 
is  the  I'eport:  1.  Resolved,  that  we  believe  that  the  best  interests 
of  education  demand  a  thorouo-h  classification  of  all  the  schools  of  the 
county,  and  to  this  end  we  favor  the  adoption  of  a  graded  course  of 
studies  that  provides  for  instruction  in  proper  order  in  all  the  com- 
mon school  branches,  and  that  we  will  use  our  influence  and  eftbrts 
to  secure  a  course  of  studies  and  classification  of  all  the  schools  of 
this  county  at  the  earliest  practicable  day.  2.  That  the  County 
Superintendent,  with  the  aid  and  co-operation  of  the  school  directors 
and  teachers,  hold  examinations  in  each  township  for  the  purpose  of 
giving  those  pupils,  found  worthy  of  the  same,  a  certificate  signed  by 
the  county  superintendent,  the  board  of  directors  and  the  teachers 
constituting  the  examining  committee,  stating  that  the  holder  is  a 
person  of  good  moral  character,  and  has  completed  the  common  school 
course  of  study. 

"  In  accordance  with  this  report  "  the  superintendent  continues 
"  I  suggested  a  course  of  study,  and  near  the  close  of  the  schools, 
held  examinations  at  Garrard's  Fort,  Taylortown,  Mt.  Morris,  New- 
town, Rogersville,  Ih-idgeport,  Carmichaels,  Knisley  school-houses, 
and  Jolleytown,  at  which  eighty-three  pupils  passed  satisfactory  ex- 
aminations, and  were  granted  diplomas.  Literary  exercises  were  con- 
nected with  the  examinations,  and  the  meetings  gave  universal 
satisfaction.  I  know  of  no  better  means  to  arouse  emulation  among 
pupils,  schools  and  districts,  and  to  give  an  impulse  to  education, 
than  perfecting  the  system  now  introduced." 

At  the  election  of  county  superintendents  held  in  May,  1878,  S.  F. 
Iloge,  Esq.,  of  Jefferson,  was  elected  for  Greene.  In  his  first  report 
he  mentions  a  ''wide-spread  indiflerence"  among  the  people  to  the 
best  interests  of  the  schools:  an  1  complains  of  incompetency  on   the 


322  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

part  of  teachers,  the  complaint  being  general  among  them  that  the 
wages  paid  are  insufficient.  lie  reports  great  improvement  in  the 
interiors  of  school-houses,  and  in  the  enlargement,  planting,  and 
fencing  of  school  grounds. 

In  1881  William  M.  Nickerson,  of  Carmichaels,  was  elected  super- 
intendent. A  passage  in  his  first  report  affords  a  fair  index  to  the 
2)erso?iel  of  teniihers  employed  at  this  period:  "-Number  of  male 
teachers  employed  was  130;  females,  59.  One  hundred  and  twenty 
held  provisional  certificates,  forty-nine  professional,  twenty-one  per- 
manent, and  five  are  graduates  of  Normal  schools.  Average  age  of 
teachers  was  twenty-four  years.  Forty  have  had  no  experience  in 
teaching.  ""  '^  ^'  Twenty-one  pnblic  examinations  were  hel'd  at 
which  there  were  eighty  directors  and  quite  a  nnmber  of  citizens 
present.  I  examined  206  applicants.  I  issued  176  certificates,  2 
professional,  and  rejected  30.  ■"  *  ""  The  method  of  examination 
was  the  written  and  oral  combined."  In  addition  to  the  county  in- 
stitute, which  was  unusually  well  attended,  there  were  forty  district  in- 
stitntes  held,  usually  beginning  on  Friday  evening  and  closing  on 
Saturday  evening.  In  his  report  of  1884,  the  superintendent  men- 
tions with  commendable  pride  the  opening  of  the  new  schoolbuilding 
in  Waynes])urg.  which  occurred  on  the  15th  of  October,  1883.  "  The 
honse,"  he  says,  ''erected  in  Waynesburg  deserves  special  notice.  It 
is  a  three-story  brick  building,  containing  eight  school-rooms,  a 
room  for  the  principal  of  the  school,  and  a  hall  or  lecture  room 
which  can  be  used  for  school  rooms.  The  building  is  heated  with 
hot  air,  and  is  pretty  well  ventilated.  The  building  will  compare 
favorably  with  any  in  the  western  part  of  the  State." 

At  the  triennial  election,  held  in  1884,  James  S.  Herrington,  of 
Kirby,  was  chosen  superintendent.  In  his  report  of  1886  he  bears 
testimony  to  the  steady  improvement  in  school-houses,  furniture, 
enlargement  and  improvement  of  school  grounds,  and  the  planting 
of  shade  trees.  But  one  paragraph  in  his  report  shows  still  a  great 
lack  of  system  in  the  conducting  of  the  schools.  "  I  observed,"  he 
says,  "  that  the  greatest  need  of  our  schools  was  system  and  purpose 
in  the  school  work.  In  many  schools  pupils  were  pursuing  no 
definite  course  of  stud3\  They  studied  those  books  only  which  they 
happened  to  bring  with  them.  Many  were  receiving  no  instruction 
in  language  or  grammar;  but  few  studying  or  receiving  instruction 
in  all  the  branches.  I  at  once  prepared  a  course  of  study  in  five 
grades,  together  Avith  a  blank  report,  and  got  two  published  for  each 
teacher  in  the  county.  These  reports  enrolled  the  name  of  each 
pupil  in  the  school,  showing  in  what  grade  he  was  placed  and  his 
standing  in  the  grade;  also  the  teacher's  programme,  and  man}^  other 
things  necessary  for  a  successful  school.  After  being  filled  out  by 
the  teacher,  one  was  sent  to  the  superintendent,  and  the  other  placed 


HISTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY 


323 


in  tlie  teacher's  report  book  for  the  inspection  of  the  directors.  Tliis 
did  very  mnch  for  the  bettering  the  condition  of  the  schools." 

At  the  triennial  convention  of  directors  held  in  May,  1887, 
A.  J.  Waychoff  was  elected  superintendent,  who  is  the  present  in- 
cumbent. 

That  a  comparative  view  of  the  progress  of  education  in  Greene 
County  by  semi-decades  may  be  seen  at  a  glance,  the  main  statistical 
items,  drawn  from  the  tables  printed  in  the  annual  reports,  are  given 
below.  The  first  entry  is  taken  from  Superintendent  J'urrowes'  re- 
port, published  in  1837,  when  the  operations  of  the  lirst  common 
school  law  had  been  recorded.  From  that  time  until  1854,  when  the 
revised  law  went  into  effect,  no  itemized  tables  of  statistics  seem  to 
have  been  published.  In  that  year  the  report  of  the  lion.  Charles 
A.  Black  records  the  complete  statistics,  and  from  that  time  forward 
they  have  been  regularly  inserted  in  the  annual  volume.  This  table 
will  possess  interest,  as  illustrating  the  changes  which  have  occurred 
in  the  half  of  a  century. 


CO 

t» 

a> 

tc 

CO 

c3 

r^ 

,2 

^-^ 

<s 

a 

H 

Year. 

O 
O 

"o 

CO 

o 

s 

9  a 
o  0) 

to 

O    03 

"3 

^     CO 

•"    O 

"3 

S     CO 

.2 

"3 

a-3 

o  S 

^   rv 

u  !3 
c 

O    * 

ved    from    S 
ppropriation 

^ 

53    ^ 

3 

OS 

"5 

CO 

3 
o 

S 

0; 

33 

oIPh 

<J 

rv* 

1837.... 

5 

4 

4        1 

$20 

00 

$17  00 

287 

$215 

00 

$635  70 

1854. . . . 

154 

4 

141      26 

22 

11 

16  40 

4,840 

14,999 

89 

1,933  75 

1859 . . . . 

151 

4.2 

131      37 

24 

13 

18  64 

4,223 

19,794 

75 

2,039  08 

1864.... 

161 

4.10 

105      71 

20 

22 

18  83 

4.373 

20,287  82 

2,212  86 

18(i9  . . . . 

173 

4.4 

1 19      55 

35  44 

31  66 

5,488 

36,699 

62 

3,061  00 

1874.... 

179 

5.04 

129      52 

33 

56 

29  85 

4,720 

36,826 

10 

4,188  61 

1879.... 

178 

5.07 

135      51 

27 

87 

28  25 

5,296 

32,683 

14 

5,499  19 

1884.... 

192 

5.14 

119      78 

33 

87 

30  25 

5,124 

44,382 

85 

6,256  95 

1888.... 

198 

5.17 

125      77 

33 

93 

31  48 

5,500 

45,729, 

92 

6,928  99 

324:  JILSTOKY    OF    GKEENE    COUNTY. 


CHAPTER  XXI. 

Charter  for  Greene  County  Academy — $2,000  from  the  State — 
Principals  Served  a  Useful  Purpose — Pennsylvania  Acad- 
emies Unsatisfactory — Law  to  Transfer  Property  to  Com- 
mon School — Select  Schools — Waynesburg  College — Origin 
— Yalue  of  the  Small  Colleges — Madison  and  Beverly — • 
Need  of  such  an  Institution — Pennsylvania  Presbytery  of 
Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church — Waynesburg  Selected — 
Rev.  J.  LouGiiRAN  Opened  a  School — Charter  Obtained — 
Suppi>e:n[ents — Margaret  K.  Bell  Opens  School  in  Jjaptist 
Church  for  Females — New  Building  Opened — First  Classes 
Graduate — Taken  Under  Pennsylvania  Synod — Relations 
of  the  Church  to  the  College — Miller  Suc(.'eeds  Fish — Rev. 
J.  P.  Wp:thee,  President — Insists  on  Classification  of  Males 
AND  Fp::s[ales  Alike-— Settled  After  Investigation — John  C. 
Flei^niken — Rev.  Alfred  ]>.  Millek,  President,  in  1859 — 
His  Devoted  Labors — Debt  of  $3,000 — Struggles — Had 
Undertaken  too  Much — Church  to  Support  Three  Profes- 
sors— Unselfish  Devotion  of  Dr.  Miller — Mrs.  M.  K.  B. 
Miller — Untimely      Death  —  Resolutions      of     Trustees — 

MoNONGAlIELA      CoLLEGE ReV.      JoSEPH     SmITH ReV.     H.      K. 

Crai(} — Rev.  J.  B.  Solomon — Scope  of  the  College. 

AS  we  have  already  seen  early  attention  was  given  to  founding 
county  academies.  A  charter  for  the  Greene  County  Academy 
was  secured  in  1810.  Hugh  Barclay  at  this  time  represented  the 
county  in  the  Legislature,  and  secured  the  passage  of  the  act  grant- 
ing the  charter.  The  school  was  located  at  Carmichaels.  The  fol- 
lowing six  named  persons  were  appointed  its  first  trustees:  Charles 
Swan,  James  Flenniken,  George  Evans,  Robert  Lewis,  Robert 
Witchell  and  Hugh  Barclay.  The  first  building  was  the  Episcopal 
church,  and  was  under  the  charge  of  this  denomination.  An  ap- 
propriation was  made  by  the  Legislature  of  $2,000,  to  be  used  for 
building  purposes  and  for  teaching  poor  children  gratis  under  the 
law  of  1809.  Subscriptions  of  citizens  helped  to  swell  the  endow- 
ment fund.  But  for  some  reason  the  school  was  not  established  for 
several  years  after  obtaining  the  charter.  The  following  are  the 
principals  who  have  presided  over  the  institution  from  its  original 
opening:    Ely,  Wakefield,   Loughran,  Whipple,  George   W.    Miller, 


^/^* 


'%1f^'^ 


^l^^t^^   f^yy 


>^^2r. 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  327 

Joseph  Plorner,  Ross,  Martin,  Long,  Baker,  Craig,  Orr,  Lakin  and 
W.  M.  Nickerson.  It  was  for  many  years  the  chief  educational 
centre  in  the  county.  .  Many  of  those  who  afterwards  rose  to  eminence 
received  their  early  instruction  in  this  institution,  and  a  large  pro- 
portion of  the  coniinon  school  teachers  either  directly  or  indirectly 
received  their  training  here.  Dr.  Miller,  president  of  Waynesburg 
College,  and  Prof  G.  W.  Scott,  the  eminent  mathematician,  received 
their  early  instruction  in  Greene  Academy. 

When  Dr.  Thomas  II.  I>urrowes  came  to  the  head  of  the  school 
department  in  18G0  he  instituted  searching  inquiries  into  the  condi- 
tion of  the  county  academies  which  had  received  aid  from  the  State. 
Previous  to  this  time  these  institutions  had  not  Ijeen  considered 
within  the  purview  of  the  State  department.  He  found  the  condi- 
tion of  these  institutions  in  the  main  unsatisfactory.  In  the  coun- 
ties of  Adams,  Alleghany,  Cuml)erland,  Fayette,  Lancaster,  Lycom- 
ing, Philadelphia  and  Washington,  the  academy  properties  had  been 
'conveyed  to  or  disposed  of  for  the  benefit  of  colleges  or  other  institu-* 
tions  in  those  counties.  In  others  they  had  been  sold  for  debt.  In 
a  number  of  counties,  b}'  special  acts  of  the  Legislature,  these  prop- 
erties had  been  sold,  and  the  funds  paid  over  to  the  common  school 
boards  of  directors  for  the  bcnelit  of  the  common  school  fund.  In  a 
considerable  number  of  counties  they  were  not  in  operation,  and  only 
in  twelve,  Gi*eene  being  one,  was  any  degree  of  vigor  exhibited. 
Over  a  hundred  thousand  dollars  had  been  appropriated  by  the  State, 
exclusive  of  lands  donated,  to  these  county  academies.  The  condi- 
tion of  these  schools  as  a  whole  was  anything  but  encouraging,  and 
"  the  question,"  says  Dr.  Burrowcs,  ''  arises  as  to  the  best  mode  of 
bringing  this  amount  of  educational  capital  into  effective  employ- 
ment. *  '"  *  The  enactment  of  a  general  law,  authorizing  the 
conveyance  of  academy  property  by  the  trustees  to  the  common 
school  district  within  which  it  is  situated,  is  accordingly  recom- 
mended. Such  a  course  would  gradually  lead  to  the  establishnjent 
of  efficient  high  common  schools  in  the  county  and  other  large 
towns,  and  thus  effect  the  generous  views,  in  favor  of  the  advanced 
branches  of  learning,  which  led  to  these  numerous  grants  during  the 
first  portion  of  the  present  century." 

In  compliance  with  this  recommendation  the  Legislature  passed 
a  general  law  authorizing  such  transfer  of  property,  and  in  most  of 
the  counties  where  such  properties  existed  the  transfers  were  made, 
and  among  them  the  buihling  and  endowment  funds  of  Greene 
County  Academy  were  turned  over  to  the  school  board  of  Carmich- 
aels,  and  a  public  high  school  took  its  place. 

Aside  from  this  academy  there  have  been  select  schools  held  at 
various  points  in  the  county,  some  of  which  have  attained  to  con- 
siderable importance.      Nineteen  years  ago,  in  1869,  the  Rev.  Samuel 


328  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

Graham  established  the  Jacksonville  Academy,  which,  during  the 
first  three  years  attained  a  membership  of  eighty-three,  and  main- 
tained a  high  grade  of  scholarship.  At  the  present  time,  1888,  Mr. 
Graham  has  a  select  school  at  Graysville,  which  is  of  a  high  order, 
and  quite  liberally  attended.  At  the  Centennial  church,  near  the 
borders  of  Aleppo  and  Spring-hill  townships,  Prof.  David  C.  Comp- 
son  has  at  intervals  taught  a  school  at  which  students  from  a  con- 
siderable distance  around,  even  as  far  away  as  Freeport,  are  in 
attendance.  These  are  but  examples  of  the  methods  of  education 
beyond  the  common-schools  in  operation  throughout  the  county. 

But  by  far  the  most  important  educational  agency  in  the  county 
is  that  of  Waynesburg  College.  It  is  not  only  an  institntion  in 
which  every  citizen  may  justly  cherish  a  pride,  afibrding  as  it  does 
the  highest  grade  of  academic  culture  at  his  own  door,  but  is  a  source 
of  prosperity  to  the  town,  and  indeed  to  the  wiiole  county,  even  to 
its  remotest  borders.  Though  not  so  numerously  attended,  nor  so 
liberally  endowed,  nor  so  widely  celebrated  on  account  of  age  and  a  long 
line  of  illustrious  alumnorum^  yet  the  elements  of  all  liberal  studies 
may  as  successfully  be  acquired  here,  as  in  the  older  and  more  noted 
institutions;  for,  after  all,  it  is  not  what  is  put  into  a  student  by 
costly  and  elaborate  appliances,  but  what  can  be  developed  in  his  inner 
consciousness,  and  made  to  grow  and  strengthen  with  use,  that  is  the 
main  end  of  education,  and  it  is  a  question  which  challenges  con- 
sideration whether  the  smaller  and  more  secluded  institutions  are 
not  more  favorable  for  the  development  of  the  mental  faculties,  than 
those  where  crowds  are  gathered,  M'here  students  must  spend  large 
sums  of  money,  and  squander  much  valuable  time  by  night  and  by 
day  to  preserve  their  social  standing.  Of  the  eminent  men,  who 
have,  by  their  talents,  acquired  national  and  even  cosmopolitan 
prominence,  the  majority  are  the  children  of  the  minor  institutions, 
and  in  the  coming  years  the  men  who  shall  Avield  the  healthiest 
influence  in  church  and  State,  and  win  for  themselves  imperishable 
fame,  will  come  from  the  institutions  which  bend  all  their  forces 
to  the  strengthening  of  the  individuality  of  the  student. 

Waynesburg  College  originated  in  a  long-felt  want  on  the  part 
of  the  membership  of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church  of 
Pennsylvania  for  an  institution  of  learning  in  their  midst  of  a  high 
order.  Madison  College,  at  Uniontown,  Fayette  County,  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  Beverly  College,  at  Beverly,  Ohio,  had  been  subjects  of 
their  patronage,  and  confident  hopes  had  been  entertained  that 
these  institutions  would  afford  all  needed  facilities.  But  for  rea- 
sons not  necessary  here  to  be  set  forth,  these  anticipations  had  not 
been  realized,  "  A  sense  of  the  need,"  says  Dr.  Miller,  in  his 
history  of  the  college,  from  which  this  sketch  is  chiefly  drawn,  "of 
better  educational  facilities  must  have  pervaded  the  entire  Synod. 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  329 

The  number  of  candidates  for  the  ministry  was  small,  and  the  Pres- 
byteries felt  that  provision  must  be  made  to  meet  a  demand  so 
vital  to  the  interests  of  the  church.  In  this  state  of  things  the 
Pennsylvania  Presbytery,  at  its  meeting  in  Greenlield,  Washington 
County,  Pennsylvania,  in  April,  1849,  passed  tlie  following: 

Whereas,  the  educational  interests  of  this  Presbytery  impe- 
riously demand  that  an  institution  of  learning  be  established  in  its 
bounds;  therefore, 

Resolved.,  That  a  committee  of  five  persons  be  appointed  to  receive 
proposals  for  the  location  and  establishment  of  sucli  an  institution 
and  report  at  the  next  meeting  of  the  Presbytery. 

The  lieverends  Jolin  Cary,  Phillip  Axtell,  and  J.  II.  D.  Hender- 
son, and  Elders  Jesse  Lazear,  and  Samuel  Murdock,  constituted  that 
committee.  In  the  autumn  of  this  year  the  Sj'uod  adopted  resolu- 
tions upon  the  subject  of  education,  of  which  the  following  is  an 
extract:  "  Many  young  men  will  continue  in  the  ministry  with  only 
such  preparations  as  the  high-schools  aiford.  Put,  admitting  a  suf- 
ficient number  of  institutions,  the  want  of  a  fund  is  a  serious  obstacle. 
To  many  young  men,  such  a  fund  is  the  only  hope.  Aided  by  the 
church,  they  can  prosecute  their  studies  and  the  ministry  with  high 
prospects  of  usefulness.  Deploring,  therefore,  the  difficulties  of 
obtaining  an  education  within  our  hounds,  your  committee  are  of 
opinion  that  the  means  of  correction  are  in  the  hands  of  the  Synod, 
and  that  no  time  should  be  lost  in  taking  measures  to  that  end." 

Applications  for  proposals  made  by  the  committee  appointed  for 
the  purpose  were  responded  to  by  the  people  of  Waynesburg,  the 
county  seat  of  Greene  County,  a  town  at  that  time  of  some  twelve 
hundred  inhabitants,  and  of  Carmichaels,  a  town  of  about  half  the 
population,  situated  in  the  central  part  of  Cumberland  Township,  in 
the  valley  of  the  Monongaliela  River,  known  as  the  seat  of  Greene 
Academy.  Xeither  party  offered  a  very  large  sum  of  money;  but, 
as  was  shown  by  the  report  of  the  committee,  the  offers  of  citizens  of 
Waynesburg  were  more  consideral^le  than  those  of  Carmichaels,  and 
it  was  accordingly  ad'opted  as  the  seat  of  the  proposed  college. 
Failing  in  the  first  proposal,  the  citizens  of  Carmichaels,  in  the  fall 
of  1849,  proposed  "  to  erect  a  building  sixty  feet  long  and  thirty  five 
feet  wide,  and  three  stories  high,  which  they  would  tender  to  the 
Pennsylvania  Synod,  to  be  held  by  the  Synod  and  used  as  a  Female 
Seminary,  in  consideration  of  their  extending  to  it  their  patronage." 
But  the  Synod  deemed  it  prudent  to  reject  this  offer,  and  concentrate 
all  their  patronage  upon  one  institution. 

As  yet  no  school  existed  at  Waynesburg  which  should  form  a 
nucleus  for  the  proposed  college.  Tliat  there  might  be  something  on 
which  to  build,  in  the  autumn  of  1849,  the  Rev.  J.  Loughran  with- 
drew from  Greene  Academy,  and  opened  a  school  of    a  high    grade, 


330  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

which  was  merged  into  the  college  when  the  buildings  were  ready. 
The  citizens  of  Waynesburg  subscribed  some  five  thousand  dollars 
for  the  erection  of  a  building,  the  work  upon  which  was  begun  in  the 
autumn  of  1850,  and  was  completed  and  occupied  in  the  spring  of 
1851.  It  was  a  substantially  built  three-story  brick  edifice  seventy 
by  fil't}^  feet,  and  was  erected  at  a  cost  of  $6,000. 

To  give  legal  validity  to  its  operations,  application  was  made  to 
the  Legislature  for  a  charter,  which  was  granted  in  Marcli,  1850,  of 
which  the  following  are  some   of  its  provisions: 

Sec.  1.  Be  it  enacted,  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representa- 
tives of  the  Commonwealth  of  Peinisylvania,  in  General  Assembly 
met,  and  it  is  hereby  enacted  by  the  authority  of  the  same.  That 
there  shall  be  and  hereby  is  established  in  the  borough  of  Waynes- 
l)urg,  Greene  County,  State  of  Pennsylvania,  a  college  or  public 
school  for  the  education  of  youth,  in  the  English  and  other  languages, 
literature  and  the  useful  arts  and  sciences,  by  the  name  and  style  of 
"  The  Waynesburg  College;  "  the  said  college  to  be  under  the  man- 
agement of  seven  trustees,  a  majority  of  whom  shall  constitute  a 
quorum  for  the  transaction  of  business,  and  which  trustees  and 
their  successors  shall  be,  and  they  are  hereby  declared  to  be,  a  body 
politic  and  corporate,  in  deed  and  in  law,  by  the  name,  style,  and 
title  of  "  The  Waynesburg  College,"  and  by  such  name  shall  liave 
perpetual  succession,  and  shall  be  able  to  sue  and  be  sued,  plead  and 
be  impleaded,  etc. 

Sec.  3.  That  Jesse  Lazear,  Jesse  Hook,  W.  T.  E.  Webb,  Bradley 
Mahanna,  John  Rodgers,  Mark  Gordon,  R.  W.  Downey,  William 
Braden,  A.  G.  Allison,  William  W.  Sayers,  A.  Shaw,  John  T.  Hook, 
and  John  Phelan,  are  hereby  appointed  trustees  of  said  corporation, 
to  hold  tlieir  office  until  their  successors  arje  elected  in  the  manner 
hereinafter  provided.  By  the  further  provisions  of  this  section, 
three  of  the  seven  trustees  were  to  be  appointed  by  the  stockholders 
of  the  building,  and  four  by  the  Pennsylvania  Pi'esbytery  of  the 
Cumberland  J^resbyterian  Church,  and  if  the  stockholders  at  any 
time  should  fail  to  elect  their  part  of  the  trustees,  the  Presbytery 
might  elect  the  entire  number;  provided,  that  the  said  Presbytery 
should  establish  and  maintain  at  least  three  professorships  in  said 
college  within  three  years  after  l)eing  notified  that  the  building  had 
been  completed,  otherwise  the  stockholders  were  to  elect  the  whole 
number  of  trustees  after  a  failure  of  said  Presbytery  to  establish 
and  maintain  said  professorships  within  said  period. 

Sec.  4.  The  President  and  Professors  of  the  said  college  for  the 
time  being,  shall  have  the  power  to  grant  and  confirm  such  degrees 
in  the  arts  and  sciences  to  such  students  of  the  college  and  others, 
when,  by  their  proficiency  in  learning,  professional  eminence  or  other 
meritorious  distinction,   they  shall  be  entitled   tliereto,  as  they  may 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  331 

see  fit  or  as  are  granted  in  other  colleges  and  universities  in  the  United 
States,  and  to  grant  to  graduates  on  whom  such  degrees  may  be 
conferred,  certificates  or  diplomas  as  is  usual  in  other  colleges  and 
universities. 

To  this  charter  two  supplements  were  procured:  The  first  in 
1852,  increasing  the  number  of  trustees  to  twenty-one,  the  second 
in  1853,  authorizing  the  Presbytery  to  elect  twelve,  and  the  stock- 
holders nine,  of  these  trustees.  In  1854  the  stockholders  declined 
to  elect  trustees,  whereupon  the  Synod  elected  the  whole  number, 
which  it  has  since  continued  to  do.  Thus  the  stockholders,  on  the 
one  hand,  early  and  cordially  gave  the  college  fully  into  the  control 
of  the  Synod,  while  the  Synod,  on  tlie  other  hand  has  ever  respected 
the  rights  of  the  stockholders  in  the  selection  of  persons  to  fill  the 
Jjoard  of  Trustees. 

In  the  fall  of  1850,  Miss  Margaret  K,  Bell  was  employed  to  take 
charge  of  a  school  of  young  ladies,  with  the  design  of  founding  a 
female  seminary  in  connection  with  the  college.  A  separate  build- 
ing M'as  proposed,  but  never  erected,  a  seal  and  diploma  were  en- 
graved, and  several  classes  of  young  ladies  were  graduated,  and 
received  diplomas  under  the  seal  of  Waynesburg  Female  Seminary. 
During  the  summer  of  1851  this  female  school  was  conducted  in 
the  Baptist  church,  and  the  college  in  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian 
church.  Rev.  P.  Axtell  assisting  Prof.  Loughran  in  the  latter.  In 
the  autumn  following,  both  schools  were  conducted  in  the  new  build- 
ing uiuler  the  management  and  tuition  of  the  following  instructors: 
Ilev,  J.  Loughran,  A.  M.,  President;  Kev.  R.  M.  Fish,  A.  B.,  Pro- 
fessor of  Mathematics;  A.  B.  Miller  and  Frank  Patterson,  Tutors; 
Miss  M.  K.  Bell,  Principal  of  the  Female  Seminary.  "  On  the  first 
Tuesday  of  November,  says  Dr.  Miller,  "  the  college  went  into 
formal  operation  in  the  new  building,  and  that  day  marked  my  own 
entrance  as  a  student,  and  also  as  a  tutor,  from  which  date  my  con- 
nection with  the  institution  has   been  unbroken.'" 

Of  the  opening  of  this  neM'  institution,  President  Miller  recalls 
most  pleasant  reminiscences.  "  This  first  term,"  he  says,  "  in  the 
new  building  was  a  truly  pleasant  and  auspicious  beginning.  As  I 
now  look  back  upon  that  winter's  work,  it  seems  to  me  that  no  set 
of  students  and  teachers  were  ever  happier  or  more  intent  on  the 
faithful  discharge  of  duty.  Unbroken  harmony  prevailed.  '"  *  '^ 
Twenty-six  years  of  arduous  and  unremitting  toil  lie  between  the 
cheerful  work  of  that  winter  and  the  grave  responsibilities  of  the 
present ! 

"The  opening  of  the  spring  term.  May,  1852,  witnessed  a  large 
increase  of  students,  the  number  in  all  for  this  first  year  being 
one  hundred  and  thirty.  The  end  of  the  year  was  marked  by  the 
graduation  of   the  first    class  in    the    Female   Seminary:  Elizabeth 


332  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

Lindsey,  Caroline  Ilook,  and  Martha  l^ayard.  At  the  close  of  the 
second  year,  September,  1853,  a  class  of  four  graduated.  At  the 
same  date  the  first  class  of  young  men  graduated  from  the  college — 
A.  B.  Miller,  W.  E.  Gapen,  Clark  Hackney,  and  James  Rinehart. 
This  commencement  day,  September  28,  1853,  being  the  first  in  the 
college  proper,  was  an  occasion  of  great  interest.  The  Pennsylvania 
Presbytery  held  a  called  meeting  the  day  before,  in  Waynesburg, 
and  the  Synod  met  in  the  evening  of  that  day,  so  that  nearly  all  the 
members  of  the  Synod  were  on  the  platform  at  commencement,  as 
also  other  distinguished  visitors,  among  them  Hon.  Andrew  Stewart, 
and  Hon.  Samuel  A.  Gilmore.  The  young  men  composing  the  class 
seemed  not  to  lack  in  appreciation  of  the  part  they  were  to  play, 
or  the  pre-eminence  due  them  as  the  first  class.  Displaying  their 
class  motto,  Ducimus^  above  them,  they  spoke  to  the  apparent  satis- 
faction of  a  crowded  audience.  "•  I  may  be  pardoned,"  says  Dr. 
Miller,  "  the  egotism  of  saying  it  was  my  privilege  to  lead  my  own 
class,  by  delivering  the  first  graduating  performance,  and  thus  to 
enjoy  the  distinction  of  the  'first  born,'  of  the  many  sons  oi.  Alma 
Mater:' 

Immediately  following  the  commencement,  the  college  M^as  for- 
mally received  under  the  control  of  the  Pennsylvania  Synod.  This 
action  had  been  delayed  from  the  fact  that  the  Cumberland  Presby- 
terians of  Ohio  and  Pennsylvania  had  formed  one  Synod,  and  it  was 
deemed  expedient  that  the  college  at  J')everly,  Ohio,  which  was 
already  under  the  charge  of  the  Synod,  should  be  supported  before 
adopting  another  institution.  But  when,  in  1852,  the  Synod  was 
divided,  J'everly  College  was  turned  over  to  the  Ohio  Synod,  and 
Waynesburg  College  was  fully  received  under  the  fostering  care  of 
Pennsylvania  Synod.  The  Synod  set  forth  the  grounds  of  its  action 
in  a  long  report,  the  leading  points  of  which  may  be  thus  condensed: 
"  (1).  No  denomination  can  maintain  a  respectable  standing  without 
institutions  of  learning.  (2).  Xo  denomination  can  discharge  its 
obligations  to  maintain  the  purity  of  the  scriptures,  and  to  present 
their  doctrines  in  an  efficient  manner,  without  collegiate  institutions, 
(3).  Only  institutions  of  a  high  grade  can  give  character  and  efficiency 
to  a  church,  in  order  to  which  an  institution  must  receive  liberal 
patronage.  (4).  The  benefits  of  a  union  between  churches  and  col- 
leges are  reciprocal.  (5).  '  It  will  be  better  for  the  interests  of  the 
church  that  Pennsylvania  Synod  possesses  one  well  established  and 
influential  college,  than  for  the  church  to  be  burdened  with  several 
feeble  ones.'"  This  report  was  prepared  by  Revs.  John  Cary,  J. 
Loughran  and  J.  T.  A.  Henderson,  and  was  unanimously  adopted. 

Dr.  Miller  proceeds  to  state  in  the  following  succinct  terms  the 
relations  of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  church  to  Waynesburg 
CoUeo-e: 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUISTTY.  333 

"  1.  The  charter  secures  to  the  Synod  the  perpetual  use  of  the 
property,  provided  the  Synod  sustains  therein  at  least  three  profes- 
sors. The  charter  makes  no  requirement  as  to  the  manner  in  which 
the  professors  are  to  be  supported. 

"  2.  Of  the  twenty-one  trustees,  the  charter  grants  to  the  Synod 
the  appointment  of  twelve.  The  Synod  has,  in  fact,  for  twenty-four 
years,  appointed  tlie  whole  number  of  trustees. 

"  3.  JJy  mutual  agreement,  it  is  a  by-law  that  the  trustees  shall 
elect  no  person  to  a  professorship  until  the  Synod  has  first  nominated 
the  person  for  the  place. 

''4.  The  endowment  fund  of  the  College  is  held  by  another 
Board,  styled  the  Board  of  Trust  of  the  College  Endowment  Fund  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Synod,  consisting  of  five  meml)ers  appointed  by  the 
Synod,  and  acting  under  a  charter  securing  to  tliis  T>oard  all  needful 
powers,  and  perpetual  succession." 

After  two  years  of  faithful  and  acceptable  service,  as  instructor 
in  mathematics,  Prof.  Fish  resigned.  Whereupon  the  Synod  nomi- 
nated, and  the  trustees  confirmed  the  nomination,  to  make  Alfred  B. 
Miller,  Professor  of  Mathematics,  to  fill  the  vacancy.  The  following 
is  the  resolution  adopted  by  the  trustees  on  this  occasion:  "  Resolved, 
That  Pev.  Alfred  B.  Miller  be  employed  as  Professor  of  Mathematics, 
at  a  salary  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  dollars  per  session."  As  there 
were  only  two  sessions  a  year,  it  requires  no  very  profound  compu- 
tation to  show  that  the  salary  voted  was  not  excessiv^e.  , 

The  first  President  of  the  College,  Rev.  J.  Loughran,  was  educated 
at  Jefferson  College,  and  though  he  did  not  graduate,  the  college 
subsequently  awarded  him  the  degree  of  A.  M.  A  man  of  large 
attainments  and  a  ready  expounder  of  learning,  he  was  a  popular 
instructor,  but  was  not  so  successful  in  managing  the  financial 
problems  which  arise  in  all  institutions,  when  but  meagerly  endowed 
and  unprovided  with  sufficient  funds  to  pay  current  demands. 
Doubtless  discouraged  by  the  outlook,  in  August,  1855,  he  resigned. 
To  fill  the  vacancy  the  Synod  nominated  the  Rev.  J.  P.  Weethee, 
and  he  was  duly  elected  President.  He  had  previously  been  Presi- 
dent of  Madison  College,  at  Uniontown,  and  later  of  Beverly  College, 
Ohio.  Simultaneously  with  his  election,  the  Rev.  T.  J.  Simpson  was 
appointed  financial  agent  of  the  college,  and  by  his  earnest  labors 
directed  attention  to  the  institution,  and  while  he  was  not  able  to  largely 
increase  the  endowment  fund,  he  succeeded  in  bringing  in  a  large 
number  of  new  students,  and  created  a  kindly  feeling  among  the 
members  of  the  denomination  towards  the  college,  which  bore  fruit 
in  subsequent  years.  Mr.  Weethee  entered  upon  his  duties  as  presi- 
dent with  much  zeal,  and  a  strong  desire  was  manifested  on  the  part 
of  the  people  to  support  his  administration;  but  it  proved  not  entirely 
harmonious,  some  of  his  religious   views  not   being   fully   in   accord 


334  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

with  those  of  liis  supporters,  and  his  management  of  the  college 
itself  not  being  in  harmony  with  the  views  of  certain  members  of  tlie 
faculty. 

As  has  already  been  seen,  there  had  been,  previons  to  organizing 
mider  the  College  charter,  a  Female-  Seminary  conducted  in  the 
Baptist  church,  over  which  Miss  Bell,  subsequently  Mrs.  Miller,  pre- 
sided, and  some  classes  in  this  department  had  been  graduated  from 
it  under  the  title  of  the  Female  Seminary,  before  any  graduations  took 
place  in  the  college  proper.  When  the  charter  had  become  oper- 
ative, President  Wethee  insisted  that  the  college  should  be  conducted 
and  classification  should  be  made  without  reference  to  the  sex  of 
the  pupils.  This  was  not  in  accord  with  the  existing  system,  and 
accordingly  provoked  some  opposition.  The  President  maintained 
his  position  in  a  public  address  in  the  college  chapel,  previously  an- 
nounced, before  a  large  audience  of  teachers,  students  and  citizens. 
He  declared  that  the  Female  Seminary  was  without  a  charter,  and 
without  any  title  to  recognition.  This  opened  the  way  for  a  pro- 
tracted investigation  before  the  constituted  authorities,  and  a  decision 
was  finally  reached  that  the  institution  must  be  regarded  as  "  One 
College,  with  male  and  female  departments."  By-laws  were  also 
adopted,  which  prescribed  the  duties  and  privileges  of  the  president 
and  principal  of  the  female  department.  In  the  fall  of  1858  Presi- 
dent Wethee  resigned. 

In  his  brief  account  of  the  college,  Dr.  Miller  says,  "  Many  of 
the  friends  of  the  college  thought  the  prospects  gloomy  indeed,  and 
feared  that  this  educational  effort  would  terminate  in  a  repetition  of 
tiie  Madison  College  trouble.  The  regular  meeting  of  the  Synod 
was  held  at  Carmichaels  soon  after  the  resignation,  and  in  the  records 
of  that  body  I  lind  abundant  evidence  of  feelings  of  discouragement 
in  such  expressions  as  '  the  educational  enterprise  within  our  bouiuls 
is  considerably  embarrassed ;'  'there  is  but  a  partial  fiiculty;'  'de- 
mand for  immediate  attention  and  action,'  '  that  the  institution  be 
conducted  on  the  most  economical  plan  possible.'  "  During  the  three 
years  since  1855,  a  debt  had  been  incurred  of  over  three  thousand 
dollars.  The  Ilev.  J.  Loughran,  who' was  now  at  the  head  of  a  school 
in  Wisconsin,  was  addressed  with  a  view  of  his  again  becoming  Presi- 
dent, but  without  success.  In  this  emergency,  Hon.  John  C.  P'len- 
niken,  a  member  of  the  board  of  trustees,  lately  State  Senator,  was 
elected  President,  pro  tem.^  but  exercised  only  nominal  oversight  of 
the  institution. 

In  1859  the  Synod  was  again  called  on  to  wrestle  with  the  old 
problem,  viz.,  how^  to  carry  on  a  college  without  money.  A  com- 
mittee appointed  to  fill  the  vacancy  in  the  Presidential  office,  recom- 
mended to  the  trustees  tlie  name  of  Alfred  B.  Miller,  who,  as  student, 


,i^^|^ 


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tllSTORY    OF    GREEXE    COttNTY.  3^7 

]n-ofessor,  and  during  the  last  year  vice-president,  since  its  foundinii: 
had  been  connected  witli  the  college,  and  he  was  duly  elected. 

in  the  face  of  many  discouragements,  and  with  a  certain  prospect 
of  great  labors  and  uncertain  reward,  he  accepted  tlie  position.  His 
own  account  of  his  experiences  in  conducting  the  colleo-e  and  in  hold- 
ing together  and  paying  the  salaries  of  professors,  forms  one  of  the 
most  interesting  chapters  of  collegiate  history,  and  would  indeed  be 
amusing  were  it  not  in  reality  so  sad.  "I  was  made  President  of  the 
college,"  he  says,  "as  already  noticed,  in  the  autumn  of  1859,  though 
my  management  of  its  internal  all'airs  Ijegan  with  the  preceding 
year,  Mr.  Flenniken  being  only  nominally  president.  As  a  student 
or  professor  I  had  been  in  the  college  from  the  first,  and  felt  the 
deepest  possible  interest  in  its  welfare.  If  I  had  any  conviction  of 
Providential  direction  of  my  life,  it  is  that  God  has  led  me  in  the 
course  I  luive  pui'sued  in  regard  to  our  college.  The  institution  was 
projected  under  circumstances  by  no  means  promising.  Preceding 
efforts  had  been  only  failures,  and  there  was  even  then  a  dead  college 
on  the  hands  of  the  Synod.  When  I  spoke  to  an  associate  in  an 
academy,  a  noble  young  man,  then  a  candidate  for  the  ministry  in 
the  Presbyterian  church,  of  my  purpose  to  enter  Waynesburg  Col- 
lege as  a  student,  he  said  in  response,  'your  people  cannot  sustain  a 
college  in  Pennsylvania.  They  failed  in  Uniontown;  they  will  fail 
in  AVaynesburg.  Come  with  me  to  AVashington ;  that  will  be  better.' 
I  replied,  'I  will  go  to  Waynesburg  College,  and  help  to  make  it 
succeed.'  Certainly,  if  I  did  not  say  so  to  him,  I  said  it  in  my  heart; 
and  then  and  there  was  born  the  resolution  on  which  rest  these  years 
of  labor  for  the  college.  At  various  times  I  have  earnestly  desired 
to  see  the  way  open  for  me  to  leave;  but  as  there  are  obstructions  to 
a  river  on  all  its  sides  but  one,  so  convictions  of  duty  have  ever  shut 
me  up  to  the  direction  in  which  my  life  of  labor  has  been  running 
on  through  all  these  years.  How  much  Ijetter  another  man  could 
have  discharged  the  duties  of  the  place,  I  cannot  know.  It  is  a 
source  of  comfort  to  have  the  internal  assurance  that  I  have  done  as 
well,  as  was  in  my  power  to  do,  in  performing  a  work  to  which  my 
Heavenly  Father  called  me,  and  which  I  have  been  able  to  do  only 
through  a  sense  of  his  sustaining  grace. 

"A  debt  of  over  three  thousand  dollars  hung  upon  the  college 
when  it  came  under  my  control.  A  piano  that  had  belonged  to  it 
had  been  sold  for  debt.  My  salary  was  very  inadequate,  and,  worse, 
there  was  no  reasonable  ground  of  hope  that  it  would  be  paid.  Dis- 
sensions had  turned  a  portion  of  the  community  against  the  college, 
and  had  begotten  in  the  public  mind  a  feeling  of  distrust  in  regard 
to  the  future.  Accepting  the  position,  and  going  to  work  under  these 
unpromising  circumstances,  it  seemed  to  me  much  more  like  an 
effort  to  make  a  college,  than  the  honor  of  presiding  over  one — nor 
17 


338  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

have  I  yet  outgrown  that  feeling.  My  special  aims  were,  first,  to 
get  the  college  out  of  debt,  and  to  establish  confidence  in  its  value 
and  permanence.  To  accomplish  the  former,  and  to  keep  the  neces- 
sar}^  teaching  force  in  the  college  without  incurring  debt,  has  been 
the  constant,  ever  perplexing  problem  through  all  these  years.  After 
looking  in  vain  for  other  sources  of  reliable  pecuniary  dependence,  I 
found  it  necessary  to  assume  toward  the  college,  in  fact,  the  relation 
of  president,  financial  agent  and  board  of  trustees.  Taught  by  bitter 
experience  how  great  are  these  cares,  thus  thrown  on  a  college  pres- 
ident, and  admittii  g  that  ordinarily  such  a  course  could  promise 
only  financial  ruin,  1  must  record  my  profound  conviction  that  in 
this  case,  nothing  but  the  unbounded  liberty  allowed  me  in  the  man- 
agement of  the  college  could  have  saved  it  from  hopeless  failure. 
The  struggle,  that  has  been  necessary  on  my  part,  would  furnish  ac- 
count of  personal  sacrifices  and  pecuniary  expedients  that  would  put 
ordinary  credence  out  of  the  question,  some  of  which,  aside  from  my 
personal  knowledge,  are  known  only  to  Him  from  whom  there  is 
nothing  hidden.      I  am  sure  that  only  the  faith  Avhich 

Laughs  at  impossibilities, 
And  cries,  It  shnllhe  done, 

could  have  held  me  to  my  purpose  through  the  labors,  perplexities, 
and  responsibilities  crowding  these  years.  And  yet  these  years  have 
been  full  of  pleasant  work,  full  of  occasions  for  devout  thankfulness 
to  Him  who  leads  us  in  the  way  that  is  best,  full  of  grand  discipline 
and  experiences  that  enrich  the  souls  of  men,  and  out  of  which  come 
strength  and  patience  and  the  noblest  service  and  sympathy  in  all 
grand  schemes  for  human  well-being. 

"For  the  sake  of  my  fellow  educators,  I  wish  to  say  to  my  church, 
from  my  heartfelt  sorrows  in  that  respect,  that  an  incompetent  sup- 
port is  a  great  hindrance  to  the  usefulness  of  a  college  president  or 
professor.  I  have  been  compelled  to  preach  in  order  to  live,  some- 
times supplying  points  twenty  miles  distant;  I  have  been  compelled 
to  deny  myself  books  greatly  needed;  t(j  stay  at  home  when  I  should 
have  traveled;  to  walk  many  miles  because  I  could  not  afford  to  pay 
hack-fare;  to  be  harassed  with  debts  that  have  eaten  up  the  mind  as 
cancers  eat  the  flesh;  in  short  to  do  a  great  many  things,  and  to  leave 
undone  a  great  many  things,  which  doing  and  not  doing  greatly 
hindered  my  usefulness  as  a  public  servant  of  the  church.  1  once 
turned  superintendent  of  schools,  and  walked  all  over  Greene  County, 
in  order  to  save  a  little  money,  and  still  the  college  went  on — while 
the  nation  was  fighting  battles.  At  another  time  I  edited  the  Cum- 
berland rreshyterlan,  did  all  the  necessary  correspondence  of  the 
office  and  kept  the  books,  at  the  same  time  teaching  six  hours  a  day 
in  the  college,  exercising  general  over-sight  of  its  financial  affairs, 
and  often  preaching  twice  on  the   Sal)bath.       How  imperfectly  all 


HTRTOT^Y    OF    OnEKNE    COTTNTY.  339 

these  things  were  done  no  one  is  more  ])ainfnlly  sensible  than  the 
writer,  and  he  sincerely  prays  that  a  like  apparent  necessity  of  trying 
to  do  so  many  things  at  tlie  same  time  may  never  come  again,  though 
he  is  scarcely  less  busy  to-day.  The  adage  about  too  many  irons 
in  the  lire,  doubtless  conveys  a  useful  lesson  in  its  ordinary  appli- 
cation, bnt  Adam  Clarke  used  to  say  it  conveys  an  abominable  lie, 
and  some  lives  seem  to  illustrate  that  there  are  men  who  can  keep 
many  irons  going,  and  manage  all  of  them  reasonably  well.  If  there 
is  a  position,  however,  which  demands  all  the  service  of  head  and 
heart  that  any  man  can  give,  that  position  is  the  presidency  of  a  col- 
lege, which  aims  at  the  noble  work  of  training  young  men  and  young 
women,  not  only  in  the  know^ledge  of  science,  but  for  virtuous  lives, 
and  to  be  consecrated  workers  for  the  well-being  of  society. 

"In  dismissing  this  reference  to  my  own  efforts  to  build  up  the 
college,  perhaps  already  too  long,  I  desire  to  state  distinctly  that  it  is 
not  my  intention  to  cast  any  reflection,  directly  or  by  implication,  on 
the  Pennsylvania  Synod,  the  trustees  of  the  college,  or  on  any  other 
party  to  whom  it  might  reasonably  be  supposed  I  could  have  looked 
for  pecuniary  support.  Any  man  who  knows  what  it  requires  to 
establish  and  sustain  a  respectable  college  will  certainly  agree  with  me 
that,  considering  the  pecuniary  resources  of  the  community  in  which 
the  college  is  located,  the  inaccessibility  and  obscurity  of  the  place 
at  the  time,  and  especially  that  the  sole  ecclesiastical  dependence  was 
a  single  isolated  synod,  the  prospect  of  success  at  the  beginning 
must  have  been  very  moderate  indeed.  As  early  as  the  spring  of 
1855,  while  Mr.  Loughran  was  yet  in  the  college,  even  Hon.  Jesse 
Lazear,  who  had  been  chiefly  instrumental  in  having  the  college 
located  at  Waynesburg,  and  who  was  its  patron  financially — if  it  then 
had  any — wrote  to  myself  and  Mrs,  Miller  during  the  vacation,  de- 
ploring the  fact  that  he  saw  no  reasonable  ground  of  hope  for  re- 
muneration for  our  work  if  we  continued  in  the  college,  expressing 
also  the  conviction  that  the  chnrch  had  perhaps  undertaken  entirely 
too  mnch  in  attempting  anything  beyond  an  academy.  Had  we 
acted  upon  his  suggestion  the  career  of  the  college  must  have  closed 
even  then.  The  Synod  has  ever  given  the  college  a  large  share  of  its 
time,  and  has  ever  been  willing  to  devise  plans  for  raising  funds, 
however  unsatisfactory  many  of  them  have  proved;  and  the  trustees 
have  ever  been  willing  to  carry  out  any  measures  proposed  either  by 
the  Synod  or  the  faculty;  but  have  found. an  easy  relief  from  feelings 
of  pecuniary  responsibility  by  simply  reiterating  that  the  church  is 
to  support  the  professors. 

"  Finally,  for  the  encouragement  of  all  who  may  be  called  to 
sustain  like  burdens,  and  without  seeming  presumptuous,  I  de- 
sire to  reaffirm  the  sustaining  and  abiding  conviction,  that  the  Lord 
has  signally  opened  the   way   for    my    support    and   success   in    this 


B40  IIISTOP.Y    OF    GREENE    COUXTY. 

work.  Congregations  have  encouraged  and  supported  nie.  Many 
generous  friends  have  lielped  me  and  my  family,  1  liave  been  called 
to  marry  a  great  many  people  who  gave  me  generous  sums,  and  have 
been  called  to  lecture  before  teachers'  institutes  in  various  parts  of 
the  country,  which,  though  hard  work,  generally  brought  a  liberal 
compensation,  a  portion  of  which  has  been  devoted  more  than  once 
to  pay  the  salaries  of  our  professors." 

The  most  remarkable  example  of  unsellish  devotion  to  the  inter- 
ests of  a  public  institution  in  the  whole  catalogue  of  our  struggling 
colleges  for  existence  and  permanence  is  contained  in  these  last 
statements  of  President  Miller.  Here  is  a  man  occupying  the  posi- 
tion of  president  of  a  college,  a  position  of  great  responsibility,  and 
entitled  to  honum  otiuvi  cum  dignitate^  but  meagerly  paid,  if  paid 
at  all,  earning  something  by  marrying  people,  and  devoting  time, 
that  should  have  been  given  to  rest,  to  lecturing  before  teachers'  in- 
stitutes, and  then  giving  the  money,  which  was  clearly  his  own, 
and  doubtless  much  needed  by  himself  and  family,  to  the  payment 
of  the  salaries  of  professors  and  teachers.  Such  unselfish  devotion 
as  this  deserves  to  live  on  the  brightest  page  in  the  history  of 
American  colleges.  Such  devotion  as  this  could  not  fail  to  Tuake 
successful  the  effort  to  found  Waynesburg  College. 

As  has  been  seen  the  female  department  was  at  the  outset  con- 
ducted as  a  Female  Seminary,  the  graduates  receiving  a  diploma  em- 
blazoned with  that  title  and  embossed  with  its  seal.  The  Urst  prin- 
cipal. Miss  M.  K.  Bell,  who  subsequently  was  united  by  marriage  to 
President  Miller,  was  largely  instrumentalin  giving  the  college  repu- 
tation and  standing  for  scholarship,  and  deserves  mention  with  the 
presidents  of  the  institution.  She  was  the  daughter  of  Andrew 
Bell,  and  was  educated  at  the  justly  celebrated  Washington  Female 
Seminary.  She  was  possessed  of  good  natural  abilities,  well 
schooled,. and  a  remarkable  gift  for  teaching.  Through  all  the 
years  of  her  too  brief  life  she  served  Waynesburg  College  with  great 
acceptance,  exerting  a  strong  and  healthful  influence  over  her  pupils. 
"  On  the  evening,"  says  President  Miller,  "  of  February  10,  1874, 
after  a  daj^'s  ordinary  work  in  the  class-room  while  she  was  sitting 
at  her  own  fireside,  paralysis  fell  on  the  wearied  brain  and  nerves, 
and  released  them  from  the  tension  in  which  they,  had  for  years  been 
held  by  the  power  of  a  dauntless  will.  Ten  weeks  of  helplessness 
passed,  but  not  weeks  of  suffering,  when  the  final  fatal  stroke  came, 
•  bringing  to  the  exhausted  physical  powers  the  unbroken  rest  of 
death,  and  dismissing  the  nol)le  spirit  to  its  joy  and  crown  in 
heaven." 

On  the  occasion  of  her  death  the  Board  of  Triistees  of  the  col- 
lege passed  the  following  resolutions:  "Mrs.  M.  K.  B.  Miller,  Prin- 
cipal of  the  Female  Department  of  Waynesburg  College,  having  de- 


HISTORY    OF    GKEENE    COUNTY.    '  341 

parted  this  life,  the  trustees   ul"   the   institutiuu  pay   this   tribute  to 
her  meraorj. 

"  Many  years  ago  she  came  to  this  phice,  in  the  blootn  of 
life,  and  with  a  noble  desire  to  do  good,  she  applied  with  indus- 
try and  zeal  all  the  energy  and  resources  of  a  vigorous  mind,  dis- 
chargincr  the  duties  of  principal  of  her  department  in  the  col- 
lege to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  the  Board  of  Trustees,  and  of  every 
one  under  her  care.  During  all  these  years  of  unselfish  devotion 
to  the  cause  of  education,  she  filled  her  position  with  consummate 
ability,  and  with  the  greatest  advantage  to  the  institution.  With  a 
mind  pure  and  cultured,  she  endeared  herself  to  all  who  knew  her, 
and  from  the  young  ladies  under  her  care  for  instruction  she  always 
received  the  highest  proofs  of  uninterrupted  confidence  and  attach- 
ment.    We  may  truly  say, 

Her  life  was  too  pure  for  the  pencil  to  trace, 

And  her  goodness  of  heart  could  be  read  in  her  face. 

"Although  a  mother,  and  having  the  care  of  a  family,  her  love  for 
the  institution  she  fostered  and  so  nobly  had  lielped  to  sustain,  never 
slackened,  but  seemed  to  grow  more  intense,  until  she  was  stricken 
by  death.  Her  demise  occasions  a  vacancy  in  all  her  relations 
to  the  society  she  so  much  adorned,  and  one  that  will  be  difficult  to 
fill." 

Monongahela  College,  located  at  Jefferson,  Jefferson  Township, 
Greene  County,  was  chartered  l)y  the  Legislature  in  1867.  The  af- 
fairs of  the  institution  are  managed  by  a  Board  of  Trustees  of  which 
tlie  original  organization  was  as  follows:  Hon.  A.  A.  Parman,  presi- 
dent; Rev.  II.  W.  Pearson,  vice-president,  and  Rev.  C.  Tilton,  secre- 
tary. The  buildings  are  located  just  outside  the  borough,  on  a  beau- 
tiful plat  of  ground  containing  some  fourteen  acres.  It  was  founded 
by  members  of  the  Baptist  denomination  of  southwestern  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  West  V.irginia.  Though  under  the  management  of  mem- 
bers of  this  denomination  it  is  no  way  sectarian  in  its  practical 
workings.  The  Rev.  Joseph  Smith,  A.  M.,  was  its  first  president. 
In  1877  Mr.  Silvius'  in  his  centennial  report  of  education  in  Greene 
County,  says:  "Money  has  been  subscribed  to  liquidate  all  indebt- 
edness of  the  college,  and  it  is  supported  by  a  permanent  endowment 
of  $30,000.  The  total  income  of  the  institution  per  annum  is 
$2,800.  The  friends  of  the  college  are  securing  philosophical  and 
chemical  apparatus,  and  have  begun  the  collection  of  books  for  a  li- 
brary. The  faculty  of  the  college  is  as  follows:  Rev.  H.  K.  Craig, 
president;  Rev.  J.  M.  Scott,  D.  D.,  professor  of  mathematics  and 
physical  science;  W.  P.  Kendall,  A.  B.,  professor  of  Latin  and 
Greek;  Miss  Lizzie  Patton,  principal  of  the  female  department,  and 
Mrs.  II.  K.  Craig,  teacher  of  music."  Rev.  J.  B.  Solomon,  A.  M.,  was 
afterward  made  president  of  the  institution,  and  Mrs.  Solomon  princi- 


342  HISTORY  OF  greene  county. 

pal  of  the  female  department.  Miss  Nannie  Pollock  was  appointed  as- 
sistant teacher  and  suljseqnently  became  principal.  The  course  of 
study  marked  out  is  similar  to  that  pursued  in  other  American  col- 
leges granting  the  degree  of  A.  J3.  It  also  has  a  normal  depart- 
ment in  which  large  numbers  of  the  common  school  teachers  have 
been  trained.     The  college  has  latterly  been  suspended. 


CHAPTEE  XXII. 


TnE  Waynesbukg  "  Messenger" — The  Waynesburg  "  Republican" 
— The  Waynesburg  "Independent" — The  Greene  County 
"  Democrat." 

THE  Waynesburg  Messenger^  the  oldest  newspaper  in  Greene 
County,  was  established  in  1813,  and  has  been  published  continu- 
ously under  the  same  namesince.  It  was  originally  edited  and  pul)lished 
by  Dr.  Lay  ton.  He  was  succeeded  by  John  Baker,  and  Baker  in 
turn  by  Thomas  Irons.  The  latter  subsequently  associated  with  him 
his  brother,  John  Irons,  who  Hnally  became  sole  proprietor.  The 
changes  thus  indicated  covered  some  fifteen  years  of  the  early  exis- 
tence of  the  paper.  John  Irons  was  an  excellent  practical  printer. 
He  was  of  Irish  birth,  and  had  served  an  apprenticeship  of  fourteen 
years  in  the  office  of  the  "Washington  Rej^orter.  He  was  a  gentleman 
of  fine  ability  and  high  sense  of  honor.  He  conducted  the  paper  with 
nuirked  skill  until  the  spring  of  1837,  when  he  sold  it  to  John 
Bhelan,  who  had  learned  the  business  in  the  office  of  the  Messenger. 
Mr.  Irons  removed  to  St.  Clairsville,  Ohio,  where  he  bought  the 
tSt.  Clairsville  Gazette,  and  published  it  for  six  months,wlien  he  sold  it, 
returned  to  Waynesburg,  and  at  the  end  of  Mr.  Phelan's  first  year, 
in  the  spring  of  1838,  repurchased  the  Messenger.  This  was  the 
year  of  the  Gubernatorial  contest  between  David  Rittenhouse  Porter, 
Democrat,  and  Joseph  Ritner.Whig,  or  Anti-mason,  as  the  party  was 
designated  at  that  time  in  Pennsylvania.  The  contest  was  a  heated 
one,  and  the  Messenger  conducted  the  canvass  with  great  spirit  and 
success,  the  majority  for  Porter  in  the  county  reaching  over  700, 
nearly  double  the  Democratic  majority  up  to  that  time.  Mr.  Irons 
retained  control  of  the  Messenger  until  the  autumn  of  184:0,  when 
he  sold  it  to  Charles  A.  Black,  and  went  to  Uniontown,  where  he  be- 
came proprietor  of  the  Genius  of  Liberty. 


IIISTOUY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  343 

Mr.  Jjlack  was  a  polished  writer  and  gained  deserved  reputation  as 
an  editor.  But  he  retained  the  paper  but  two  years,  when  he  sold  it 
to  James  AV.  Hays.  At  the  expiration  of  two  years  more  Mr. 
Hays  sold  it  to  W.  T.  H.  Pauley  in  the  fall  of  1844,  just  prior  to 
the  election  of  James  K.  Polk  to  the  Presidency  of  the  United 
States.  The  Democratic  majority  in  this  election  reached  about  900. 
Mr.  Pauley  sold  the  paper  in  the  spring  of  1852  to  John  M.  Stock- 
dale  and  James  S.  Jennings,  but  at  the  expiration  of  a  year  the  Mes- 
senger  reverted  to  Mr.  Pauley.  In  the  spring  of  1857  Mr.  Pauley 
sold  a  half  interest  in  the  paper  to  James  S.  Jeimings,  and  in  the 
spring  of  1859,  having  rented  his  half  interest,  retired  to  a  farm 
where  he  remained  till  the  spring  of  1867,  when  he  again  took  full 
control  of  the  Messenger.  Mr.  Pauley  conducted  it  with  his  usual 
success  until  January,  1883,  when  he  leased  it  for  a  term  of  five  years 
to  Ool.  James  S.  Jeunings,  who  in  turn  rented  it  to  Messrs.  Wood- 
ruff and  «Dinsmore,  and  before  the  expiration  of  the  original  lease  of 
live  years  the  paper  had  been  transferred  to  A.  E.  Patterson. 

On  the  1st  of  January  1888,  at  the  expiration  of  the  five  years 
lease,  the  Messenger  reverted  to  its  owner,  AY.  T.  H.  Pauley,  who 
associated  with  himself  his  two  sons,  James  J.  and  John  F. 
Pauley,  by  whom  it  is  now^published.  AVith  the  exception  of  a  period 
of  four  years,  from  1838  to  1842,  Mr.  Pauley  senior  has  been  closely 
associated  with  the  Messenger,  in  the  various  capacities  of  appren- 
tice, publisher,  owner,  and  editor,  for  a  term  of  over  tifty-Uve  years, 
■ — having  first  entered  the  office  as  an  apprentice  to  John  Evans,  on 
the  14th  day  of  Alay,  1833.  The  Messenger  has  always  been  a  Demo- 
cratic paper,  and  radically  so  while  under  the  editorial  control  of 
its  present  senior  editor. 

The  AA^aynesburg  Republican  was  founded  in  1833  by  Job  Smith 
Goff,  the  editor  and  proprietor.  The  first  number  was  issued  on 
Tuesday,  May  14,  of  that  year,  under  the  title  of  "  The  Greene 
County  Repuhllcemy  It  was  published  weekly.  After  an  existence 
of  a  >'ear  or  more  the  paper  lapsed  for  want  of  support.  In  1838, 
however,  the  type  and  presses  were  purchased  by  James  AA''.  Moor- 
head,  and  the  paper  was  again  started  under  the  title  of  the  Greene 
County  Wliig.  A  brother  of  Mr.  Moorhead  afterwards  acquired 
possession  of  it  and  it  was  published  until  1841,  when  it  again  lapsed. 

In  1843  it  was  revived  by  S.  Sigfried,  Jr.,  who  had  charge  of  the 
paper  until  1851,  when  it  passed  into  the  hands  of  Thomas  Porter,  a 
.young  man  of  spirit  and  enterprise,  M'ho  purchased  a  new  press  and 
type.  Young  Porter  died,  and  as  a  consequence  the  paper  was  not 
published  for  some  months.  In  1852  the  leaders  of  the  AVhig  party 
in  Greene  County  purchased  it  and  induced  General  J.  H.  AVells  to 
assume  charge  of  it.  At  the  retirement  of  General  AVells  the  press 
and  outfit  of-the  office  were  purchased  by  Joseph  Cook,  who  changed 


34:4:  IIISTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

the  iiuine  of  the  paper  to  the  Waynesburg  Eagle.  In  1856  E.  li. 
Biirtleson  became  the  editor  and  proprietor.  Under  his  charge  the 
original  name,  Greene  County  Republican,  was  again  restored.  From 
his  hands  the  paper  passed  to  the  charge  of  L.  K.  Evans, who  remained 
as  editor  during  the  period  of  the  civil  war  1861-5,  though  during 
the  period  that  Mr.  Evans  was  in  the  army  the  paper  was  in  charge 
of  George  Cook,  but  with  tlie  name  of  Evans  appearing  as  editor. 

The  paper  subsequently  Ijecame  the  property  of  Hidde  and  Clark, 
and  was  placed  iirst  in  charge  of  A.  AYatkins  and  afterwards  was  con- 
ducted for  a  short  time  by  G.  W.  Daugherty.  In  1866  it  was  purchased 
by  James  E.  Sayers,  under  wliose  management  the  paper  lioarished. 
lie  gave  it  its  present  name,  the  Waynesburg  liejmMican,  making 
the  change  in  order  to  identify  the  paper  with  the  town.  In  1868 
Mr.  Sayers  disposed  of  the  paper  to  James  N.  Miller,  who  changed 
its  name  to  the  Rejjositorij,  but  only  retained  possession  of  it  for 
two  years,  when  he  sold  it  to  W.  G.W.  Day,  who  remained  in  charge 
of  the  paper  for  a  longer  period  of  time  than  any  of  his  predecessors. 
lie  again  restored  the  name  AVaynesburg  Republican.  He  proved 
himself  a  spirited  and  able  editor,  and  during  his  ownership  the 
paper  was  enlarged  and  improved.  lie  purchased  a  new  press  and 
introduced  steam  power. 

In  1884-  Mr.  Day  dispost^d  of  a  half  interest  in  the  paper  to  1. 
11.  Knox.  It  was  conducted  under  the  charii;e  and  editprship  of  Day 
and  Knox  until  February,  1885,  when  Mr.  Day  disposed  of  his  re- 
maining interest  to  G.  W.  Hay  and  J.  P.  Teagarden.  The  lirm  of 
Knox,  Kay,  and  Teagarden,  now  publishing  the  paper,  was  then  formed 
with  Mr.  Knox  as  editor  and  manager.  The  paper  is  the  only  organ 
of  the  Ilepublican  party  in  Greene  County  and  is  one  of  the  foremost 
country  papers  in  the  commonwealth. 

The  Waynesburg  Iiidep)endeat  was  founded  in  1872  by  two 
j)rinters,  Z.  C.  Kagan  and  J.  W.  Axtell,  who  conceived  the  idea  of 
establishing  a  paper  untramelled  by  partisan  interest,  and  especially 
devoted  to  the  growth  and  prosperity  of  Greene  County.  Ijefore  the 
tirst  number  was  issued  over  1,100  subscribers  had  been  obtained. 
At  no  time  has  its  patronage  been  less,  and  at  present  it  has  a  cir- 
culation beyond  most  county  papers  of  the  State — 3,100.  The  enter- 
prise was  not,  however,  without  its  share  of  good  and  ill  fortune; 
but  in  face  of  the  predictions  of  failure,  and  the  trials  incident  to  so 
large  an  outlay  dependent  upon  the  caprice  of  public  patronage,  it 
has  attained  a  lirm  footing,  and  in  May,  1875,  the  proprietors  in- 
troduced the  first  power  steam  printing  press  in  Greene  County. 
This  was  regarded  as  a  remarkable  indication  of  enterprise  and  skill. 

In  the  fall  of  1877  Mr.  xVxtell  disposed  of  his  interest  to  W.  W. 
Rodehauer,  who  continued  a  member  of  the  firm  for  about  three 
years.     In   the   fall  of  1880  he  sold  his  interest   to  W.  AV.  Evans, 


IIISTOKY    OF    GKEENE    COUNTY.  347 

previously  of  the  Moundsville  R&purter^  who  is  still  associated  with 
Mr.  Ragan,  one  of  the  original  founders.  As  in  its  inception,  the 
paper  continued  to  meet  with  opposition.  The  Independent  had 
taken  a  linn  sand  against  the  licjuor  traffic,  and  other  sources  of 
evil,  which  provoked  bitter  resentment.  In  November,  1884,  the 
office  of  the  Independent^  machinery  and  entire  outfit,  were  utterly 
destroyed  by  iire,  entailing  a  loss  to  its  proprietors  of  nearly  $5,000, 
on  which  was  an  insurance  of  only  ,^2,000.  This  was  a  discouraging 
reverse,  and  one  which  swept  away  at  one  blow  the  accumulations  of 
many  years,  and  threatened  to  stamp  the  Independent  out  of  exist- 
ence. But  the  gentlemen  who  were  at  the  head  of  the  enterprise 
were  of  that  stuff  that  knows  no  such  word  as  fail,  and  after  the  lapse, 
of  four  years,  with  its  rebuffs  and  struggles,  it  has  been  re-established 
with  sometliing  more  than  its  ])ristine  strength  and  vigor,  and  still 
maintains  unswervingly  its  original  motto. 

The  Greene  County  Democrat.  Through  the  solicitation  of  promi- 
nent independent  democrats,  who  believed  that  it  would  be  for  the  best 
interests  of  their  party  as  Mell  as  of  the  people,  to  liave  two  Demo- 
cratic papers  published  in  a  county  where  the  majority  of  the 
dominant  party  is  so  large,  J.  F.  Campbell,  an  experienced  news- 
paper man  of  Johnstown,  Pennsylvania,  came  to  Waynesburg  in  the 
fall  of  1881,  and  with  tlie  assistance  of  D.  II.  P.  Ilass,  an  attorney 
of  the  AV^aynesburg  bar,  established  the  Greene  County  Democrat. 
The  material  with  which  the  paper  was  first  printed  had  been  used 
in  the  publication  of  the  AVashington  (D.  C.)  Standard,  a  paper  that 
had  ended  its  existence  after  a  brief  career,  and  was  purchased  at  the 
National  Capital  by  'Mr.  Hass.  The  first  number  of  the  Democrat 
was  issued  Saturday,  December  17,  1881.  Mr.  Campbell  published 
the  paper  with  varying  success  until  March,  1882,  when  he  disposed 
of  his  interest  to  a  company  of  Waynesburg  capitalists,  who  held  it 
but  a  short  time  until  it  was  sold  to  Simon  R.  Hass,  Jr. 

Mr.  Hass  entered  upon  his  duties  as  editor  and  proprietor  April 
15,  1882,  and  under  his  management  the  paper  prospered  in  the  in- 
crease of  its  circulation  and  popularity.  On  the  11th  of  July,  1884, 
tlie  entire  property  was  purchased  by  F.  M.  Spragg,  who  conducted 
the  paper  with  the  aid  of  Mr.  Hass,  who  was  retained  as  associate 
editor,  with  credit  to  himself  and  satisfaction  to  its  readers.  On 
xApril  11,  1885,  a  half  interest  was  sold  by  Mr.  Spragg  to  Colonel 
James  S.  Jennings,  whose  experience  in  the  newspaper  business  ex- 
tended throngh  many  years.  Messrs.  Spragg  and  Jennings,  editors 
and  proprietors,  with  Mr,  Hass  as  associate  editor,  published  a  paper 
that  was  generally  recognized  as  an  excellent  local  sheet,  and  the 
organ  of  the  party  of  commanding  influence,  in  Greene  County. 

James  AV.  Hays,  Jr.,  became  sole  editor  and  proprietor  on  Oc- 
tober 3,  1887,  and  under  his  able  management  its  circle  of  readers  is 


348  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

daily  widening.  The  Democrat  is  in  the  convenient  form  of  a  folio, 
22x28,  and  is  printed  on  a  large  Taylor  steam  cylinder  press.  To 
the  old  Standard  oiitUt  much  new  material  has  been  added  from 
time  to  time  by  its  successive  publishers  until  the  paper  now  ranks 
among  the  best  equipped  country  printing  offices  in  the  State.  The 
job  department  is  complete,  its  facilities  for  plain  and  fancy  work 
beino-  unexcelled. 


CHAPTER  XXIII. 


The  Cumberland  IIoad — Recommended  by  WAsniNirroN — -Canal- 
Ohio  Admitted  in  1802 — Act  Authokizin(i  Road  in  1806 — 
Albert  Gallatin — Refuses  to  Interfere — President  Madison 
— By  Washington — Finished  in  1820 — Si'ecifications — Ap- 
peared Excellent — Material  Defective — Traffic  Immense — ■ 
Speedy  Repairs — Delafield  and  Cass — Limestone  Renewal — 
Ceded  TO  the  States — Toll  Houses — '' Oyster  Line" — Monkey 
Box  Line — 1852  Pennsy-lvania  Railroad  and  Baltimore  <k 
Ohio  Opened —  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Pushed  Out  of  Penn- 
sylvania— Cause  of  Opposition — Washington  &  Waynesburc; 
Railroad — By  the  Hills — Circuitous — Novel  Experience. 

WILLS  CREEK,  or,  as  it  was  subsequently  called,  Cumberland, 
Maryland, was  regarded  as  the  extreme  verge  of  civilization  in  the 
early  stages  of  colonization.  It  was  b'y  this  route  that  the  early  pioneers 
from  Maryland  and  Virginia  went  as  they  penetrated  into  the  Monon- 
gahela  and  Ohio  country.  This  route  AVashington  followed  on  his 
expedition  which  terminated  in  the  disastrous  affair  at  Fort  Necessity, 
on  the  4th  of  July,  1754,  and  this  Braddock  pursued  in  his  un- 
fortunate campaign  of  the  following  year.  An  apology  for  a  road 
was  cut  through  this  rugged  country  for  the  passage  of  artillery  and 
trains,  on  the  occasion  of  these  expeditions,  to  Redstone  on  the 
Monongahela  River;  but  the  frosts  of  winter,  and  the  rains  of  spring 
and  fall,  soon  effaced  the  small  improvements  made,  until  there  was 
scarcely  a  trace  left  of  them.  The  later  military  expeditions  followed 
the  route  of  Forbes,  which  was  wholly  in  Pennsylvania,  correspond- 
ing to  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  as  that  by  Cumberland  did  to  the 
Baltimore  and  OliioJlailroad. 

As  we  have  already  seen  the  progress  of  the  earlier   settlers  was 
very  slow  and  toilsome   in   the  lirst  years  of  settlement  in   reaching 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  349 

the  lands  upon  tlie  Monongaliela.  The  war  of  the  Eevolution 
coming  on,  for  eight  years  the  subject  of  a  great  highway  to  the  west, 
which  had  begun  to  be  seriously  considered,  was  interrupted.  Soon 
after  the  close  of  the  war,  General  Washington,  who  had  come  to  feel 
a  fatherly  care  for  all  that  pertained  to  the  welfare  of  his  country, 
and  who  had  long  meditated  the  necessity  of  easy  communication 
between  the  East  and  the  West,  made  a  journey  of  exploration  to  the 
Ohio  country.  Ilis  favorite  project  was  a  great  water-way  from  the 
waters  of  the  Potomac  to  those  of  the  Ohio,  He  conceived  that  a 
canal  might  be  cut  by  way  ot  the  head-waters  of  the  Potomac  to  some 
point  on  the.  Monongahela  Kiver  which  could  easily  waft  the  vast 
tonnage  and  passenger  traffic  which  he  clearly  forsaw  would  soon  set 
towards  this  delectable  counti-y,  the  new  Eldorado.  In  the  year  1784 
he  made  the  journey.  From  Cnmberland  to  lledstone  was  familiar 
ground;  but  when  arrived  at  the  head-waters  of  the  Youghioghany 
he  took  to  a  canoe,  and  floated  down  that  stream  to  the  Falls  of  the 
Ohio;  thence  he  r©de  across  the  country  to  the  Monongahela;  thence 
up  that  stream  into  Virginia,  and  Anally  across  the  country  to  the 
Ohio  River.  At  convenient  points  he  met  the  settlers,  and  made 
particular  inquiries  in  regard  to  the  feasibility  of  the  several  routes. 
It  was  while  on  this  journey  that  he  met,  for  the  llrst  time,  Albert 
Gallatin,  then  a  young  man,  who  subsequently  became  eminent  as  an 
American  statesman,  by  whose  opinions  and  testimony  Washington 
was  much  impressed. 

Put  Washinixton  became  convinced,  that,  in  the  financial  em- 
barrassment  of  the  country,  it  could  not  undertake  the  vast  out  ay 
needed  to  build  a  canal  over  the  Alleghanies;  but  he  was  strongly 
im^^ressed  with  the  feasibility  of  a  great  national  road  across  the 
mountains.  In  his  administration  of  eight  years  the  subject  was 
kept  before  the  people;  but  was  not  urged,  as  debt  still  rested,  like 
an  incubus,  on  the  young  nation.  In  Adams'  administration  the 
subject  was  brought  before  Congress,  but  failed  of  any  action.  Pres- 
ident Jeflerson  in  histirst  message  recommended  action,  but  nothing 
resulted  from  it.  Finally,  in  1802,  Ohio  was  admitted  into  the 
Union  as  a  State,  and  in  the  act  of  admission  it  was  provided  that 
one-twentieth  of  the  proceeds  of  the  sale  of  lands  should  be  devoted  to 
the  construction  of  roads  from  the  Atlantic  sea-board  to  the  Ohio 
country.  In  180G  an  act  was  passed  authorizing  the  laying  out  and 
making  of  a  road  from  Cumberland  to  the  State  of  Ohio,  and  com- 
missioners were  appointed  for  its  survey.  If  a  straight  line  be 
drawn  from  Cumberland  to  Wheeling,  Virginia,  the  objective  point 
aimed  at,  it  will  pass  through  Kew  Salem  and  will  cut  Jefferson, 
jS'inevehand  West  Finley.  It  was  not,  of  coursg,  practicable  to  lay 
the  road  on  an  entirely  straight  line;  yet  it  was,  eventually,  laid  on 
almost  exactly  such  a  line  until  it  reached  the  Laurel  Ridge,  when 


350  IIISTOUY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

it  was  made  to  veer  to  the  north,  passing  through  Uniontown,  and 
extending  to  Brownsville  or  lledstone.  To  this  point  the  route  rec- 
ommended by  the  commissioners  was  officially  adopted  and  pro- 
claimed by  President  Jefferson.  "Froin  thence,"  he  says,  "the 
course  to  the  Ohio  and  the  point  within  the  legal  limits  at  which  it 
shall  strike  that  river  is  still  to  be  decided." 

But  the  work  on  the  road  was  slow.  It  was  1811  before  appro- 
priations were  made,  and  Congress  made  one  of  the  pittance  of  l)ut 
$50,000.  During  the  term  of  office  of  Mr.  Jefferson,  the  road  was 
only  located  as  far  as  Brownsville.  Great  strife  was  manifested  by 
those  living  along  the  line  of  the  proposed  routes  to  secure  its  loca- 
tion by  their  own  doors.  Especiallj-^  was  their  solicitude  about  its 
terminus  on  the  Ohio  Kiver,  as  it  was  coniidently  anticipated  that, 
wherever  that  terminus  should  be,  a  great  town  would  spring  up. 
Albert  Gallatin,  a  man  of  strong  nativ^e  ability,  having  taken  up  a  body 
of  land  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Monongahela  River,  about  Mt.  Moriah 
or  New  Geneva,  and  having  been  appointed  Secretary  of  the  United 
States  Treasury,  was  supposed  to  have  great  influence  in  locating  it. 
Broperlj  he  would  have  had,  by  virtue  of  his  office,  the  right  to  de- 
cide the  question  Anally.  But  it  appears  by  the  terms  of  a  letter 
which  he  wrote,  in  reply  to  importunities  that  he  would  use  his 
authority  to  secure  its  location  in  a  particular  course,  that  influenced 
l)y  a  tine  sense  of  honor  he  could  take  no  part  in  the  controversy. 
He  says,  "I  thought  myself  an  improper  person,  from  the  situation 
of  my  property,  to  take  the  direction  which  would  naturally  have 
been  placed  in  my  hands,  and  requested  the  President  to  undertake 
the  general  superintendency  himself."  Had  he  used  his  influence  to 
carry  it  further  south,  instead  of  north  of  the  direct  line,  as  was  done, 
then  this  great  highway  would  have  passed  through  Greene  County, 
and  taken  the  valley  of  South  Ten  Mile  and  Wheeling  Creeks.  But 
having  passed  through  Uniontown  and  Brownsville  it  was  thought 
to  be  necessary  to  pursue  a  more  northern  course. 

When  James  Madison  became  President  in  1809,  he  approved  the 
course  of  the  road  adopted  by  Mr,  Jefferson,  and  the  contracts  were 
given  for  the  completion  of  the  road  to  Brownsv'ille.  It  was  1815 
before  these  contracts  were  completed.  In  the  meantime  the  war  of 
1812  had  been  carried  to  a  successful  issue.  When  peace  was  con- 
cluded in  181g,  President  Madison  ordered  the  commissioners  to 
complete  the  surveys  from  Brownsville  on  the  Monongahela  to 
Wheeling  on  the  Ohio.  They  surveyed  two  routes,  one  by  the  way 
of  Washington  and  West  Alexander,  and  the  other  through  the  south- 
ern portion  of  the  county.  In  their  i-eport  they  favor  the  southern 
route  as  the  most  direct  and  most  favorable  for  building  a  road.  But 
tlic  influence  brought  to  bear  from  Washington  Anally  prevailed,  and 
it  WHS  located  through  that  place.     It  was   mid-winter   of  1830   be- 


IITSTOKY    OF    GT^EEN^E    COtTNTY.  351 

fore  the  road  was  completed  from  Cumberland  to  AVlieeling,  and 
opened  for  travel.  Thus  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century  from  the  time 
when  Washington  began  in  earnest  to  advocate  its  construction  was 
consumed  in  making  this  stretch  of  a  little  more  than  a  hundred 
miles.  Any  good  company  now  would  agree  to  put  a  railroad  around 
the  earth  in  that  time.  But  the  road  Avas  a  good  one,  well  built,  and 
subserved  a  great  purpose.  The  following  speciiications  will  give  an 
idea  of  the  manner  of  its  construction.  "  The  natural  surface  of  the 
ground  to  be  cleared  of  trees,  and  other  wooden  growths,  and  also 
of  logs  and  brush,  the  whole  width  of.  sixty-six  feet,  the  bed  of  the 
road  to  be  made  even  thirty-two  feet  in  width,  the  trees  and  stumps 
to  be  grubbed  out,  the  graduation  not  to  exceed  live  degrees  in  ele- 
vation and  depression,  and  to  be  straight  from  point  to  point,  as  laid 
off  and  directed  by  the  superintendent  of  the  work.  Twenty  feet  in 
width  of  tlie  graduated  part  to  be  covered  with  stone,  eighteen  inches  in 
depth  at  the  centre,  tapering  to  twelve  inches  at  the  edges,  which  are 
to  be  supported  by  good  and  solid  shoulders  of  earth  or  curb-stone, 
the  upper  six  inches  of  stone  to  be  broken,  so  as  to  pass  througli  a 
ring  of  three' inches  in  diameter,  and  the  lower  stratum  of  stone  to 
be  broken  so  as  to  pass  through  a  seven  inch  ring.  The  stone  part 
to  be  well  covered  with  gravel  and  rolled  with  an  iron-faced  roller 
four  feet  in  length  and  made  to  bear  three  tons  weight.  The  acclivity 
and  declivity  of  the  banks  at  the  side  of  the  road  not  to  exceed 
thirty  degrees." 

The  passenger,  carrying,  and  freight  traffic  of  the  road  from  the 
start  was  immense,  and.  ever  increasing  until  the  opening  of  through 
lines  of  railway  reduced  it  to  a  common  local  thoroughfare.  When 
first  opened  it  seemed  to  be  thoroughly  and  substantially  built,  and 
it  was  believed  would  last  a  quarter  of  a  century.  But  it  was  soon 
found  that  in  many  parts  sandstone  had  been  used  in  its  construction, 
especially  in  the  part  over  the  mountains.  It  only  required  a  few 
passages  of  heavily  loaded  teams  over  this  material  to  reduce 
it  to  sand,  and  heavy  rains  would  soon  wash  it  away  into  the  valleys. 
But  a  short  time  elapsed  before  the  whole  eighteen  inches  of  stone 
was  cut  through  and  ground  to  powder,  and  was  found  encumbering  the 
the  lowland  of  the  farmers,  leaving  the  gullied  road-bed  next  to  im- 
passible. At  the  opening  of  the  road,  it  seemed  a  perfect  structure, 
and  the  passage  over  it  was  delightful, the  vehicles  rolling  along  as  on 
a  Belgian  pave.  The  traffic  was' beyond  all  expectation.  Thetallyho 
coaches  for  passengers  and  mails,  the  broad-wheeled  Conestoga 
wagons  with  their  enormous  tonnage,  droves  of  cattle,  and  sheep, 
and  hogs,  from  the  valleys  of  the  Wabash  and  the  Scioto,  passing  in 
almost  continuous  clouds,  and  horsemen  making  more  expeditious 
journeys,  gave  this  great  highway  the  appearance  of  a  city 
thoroughfare.     To  feed  such  a  continuous  column,  going  and  coming 


852  HISTORY    OF    GREEKE    COUNTY. 

at  the  slow  rate  of  travel,  was  a  subject  which  taxed  the  ingenuity 
and  resources  of  the  country.  Taverns  for  the  accommodation  of  man 
and-  beast  sprang  up  in  almost  continuous  line  along  either  side  of 
the  avenue,  witli  yards  for  teams  and  pasturage  for  droves.  "  It  was 
frequently  the  ease  that  twenty-live  stages,  each  containing  its  full 
complement  of  nine  inside,  and  a  number  of  outside  passengers 
'  pulled  out '  at  the  same  time  from  Wheeling,  and  the  same  was  true 
of  the  eastern  terminus  at  Cumberland.  As  many  as  sixteen 
coaches,  fully  laden  wnth  passengers  were  sometimes  seen  in  close  and 
continuous  procession  crossintrthe  Mononcrahela  bridore  between  West 

1  o  o  o 

Brownsville  and  Bridgeport.  The  lines  ran  daily  each  way,  and  it 
was  sometimes  the  case  that  thirty  stages,  all  fully  loaded  with  pas- 
sengers, stopped  at  one  hotel  in  a  single  day." 

As  we  have  indicated,  the  necessity  of  repairs  came  speedily, 
and  the  Government  was  called  upon  for  appropriations.  These 
were  made.  But  as  traffic  increased  these  calls  for  repairs  were  louder 
and  ever  multiplying.  Not  ten  years  liad  elapsed  before  it  was  found 
that  these  demands  were  becoming  burdensome  even  to  the  general 
Government.  The  United  States  could  not  lay  tolls,  an4  had  from 
the  first  left  the  road  entirely  free.  With  the  State  rights  doctrines 
of  Gen.  Jackson,  who  came  into  power  in  1829,  arose  opposition 
to  further  a])propriations.  It  was  accordingly  proposed  to  cede  the 
road  to  the  States  through  which  it  runs,  with  the  understanding 
that  tliey  would  build  toll  houses  along  its  entire  length,  and  thereby 
realize  enough  to  make  the  road  self-supporting.  But  the  road  was 
terribly  out  of  repair  and  the  State  Governments  refused  to  accejit 
unless  the  United  States  Government  would  first  ]-)nt  it  in  perfect 
condition.  Captain  Delaheld,  of  the  topographical  engineers,  with 
Gen.  George  W.  Cass  made  a  thorough  inspection  of  the  road  and 
recommended  that  it  be  macadamized  throughout  its  entire  length 
with  limestone,  the  only  material  that  would  stand  the  ceaseless 
grinding  of  the  steel  banded  wheels.  This  at  first  view  seemed  utterly 
impracticable,  inasmuch  as  the  lime  underlies  the  sand-stone,  and  was 
supposed  to  be  unapproachable  except  in  the  deep  valleys.  But  valuable 
quarries  of  the  best  quality  of  lime  were  discovered  and  opened, 
along  the  line,  which  furnished  inexhaustable  supplies  for  the 
road,  for  building  purposes,  and  as  a  fertilizer  for  the  soil  as  well.  It 
was  1833  before  the  macadamizing  was  completed,  though  the  acts  of 
the  several  Legislatures  were  passed  in  1831-2.  The  toll-gates  were, 
accordingly,  erected,  and  the  road  finally  passed  under  the  control  of 
the  several  States. 

And  now  the  traffic  upon  the  way  was  greater  than  ever.  In 
1835  the  Adams  Express  Company  established  a  line  over  this  road. 
It  was  inaugurated  by  Alvin  Adams  and  Mr.  Green,  and  Maltby  and 
Holt,  oyster  dealers  of  Baltimore,     It  was  at  first  known  as  the 


IIISTOKY    OP    GREENE    COUNTY.  353 

"  Oyster  Line,"  having  been  originally  established  to  suppiy  the 
West  with  fresh  oysters.  Light  four-horse  wagons  with  relays  were 
employed,  and  soon  other  packages  besides  oysters  were  carried,  un- 
til tlnally  it  grew  into  the  express  system  of  the  present  day.  In 
1837  a  horse-back  express,  requiring  nine  horses  at  each  relay,  and 
three  boy  riders  for  carrying  short  messages,  drafts  and  paper  money, 
was  established  between  St.  Louis  and  Washington.  Later  an  ex- 
press mail  was  established,  which  was  provided  with  light  carriacres, 
which  held  the  mail  box  and  seats  for  three  passengei-s  only.  From 
the  pecnliaritvof  the  wagons  it  was  known  along  the  route  as  "  Monkey 
Box  Line." 

In  1852  the  Pennsylvania  railroad  was  opened  to  Pittsburg,  and 
in  the  same  year  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  to  Wheeling,  and  tlie  glory 
of  the  "  Monkey  Box  "  M'as  at  an  end. 

We  have  seen  how  the  National  road  veered  to  the  north,  out  of 
the  diz'ect  course,  in  order  to  pass  through  Uniontown  and  Washing- 
ton, even  though  the  route  further  south  was  more  favorable  for 
building.  Thus  Greene  County  was  left  to  one  side,  tliough  it  was 
reached  indirectly  as  was  all  that  entire  region'. 

When  the  surveys  came  to  be  made  for  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio, 
railroad  lines  were  examined  through  the  southern  section  of  Greene 
County,  which  were  found  feasible,  and  it  was  the  earnest  desire  of 
the  company  to  adopt  one  of  them,  crossing  a  long  stretch  of  its  ter- 
ritory. But  now,  when  the  prospect  that  the  county  would  be 
opened  up  by  one  of  the  great  trunk  roads  running  east  and  west, 
and  bringing  the  best  markets  of  the  continent  to  the  very  doors  of 
its  people,  the  strange  spectacle  is  presented  of  the  very  people, 
whom  it  would  most  benefit,  opposing  its  location  through  their  ter- 
ritor3\  The  frivolous  excuses  were  made  that  the  locomotives  would 
set  lire  to  their  haystacks,  that  the  flocks  and  herds  which  were 
driven  through  by  the  highways,  would  be  carried  in  the  cars,  and 
thus  a  great  source  of  revenue  would  be  cut  off,  and  that  their  live- 
stock would  be  killed  by  the  locomotives. 

But  the  real  cause  of  the  opposition  was  probably  deeper  seated. 
The  Pennsylvania  railroad  company,  as  we  have  seen,  was  also  build- 
ing a  trunk  line  through  the  heart  of  the  State,  which  would  be  the 
rival  of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio,  and  it  was  the  policy  of  this  com- 
pany to  retain  the  entire  territory  of  the  State  to  be  reached  by  its 
own  road  and  its  branches.  Consequently,  it  was  for  the  interest  of 
this  company  to  inspire  in  the  minds  of  the  inhabitants  along  the 
line  of  the  proposed  location  of  the  rival  road,  opposition  to  it,  so 
that  there  would  be  aro-ument  for  the  Les^islature  to  refuse  a  charter 
to  the  Baltimore  company.  The  tactics  of  the  Pennsylvania  com- 
pany were  successful,  and  this  great  thoroughfare,  one  of  the  most 
prosperous  and  powerful   in   the  conn  try,  was  crowded  beyond  the 


354  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

limits  of  tlie  State,  tlie  busy  traffic  circling  in  almost  continuous  line 
around  its  corner  screaming  out  notes  of  derision  and  defiance  as 
it  passes. 

Greene  was,  consequently,  among  the  last  counties  in  the  State 
to  be  penetrated  by  a  railroad,  though  the  stations  along  the  Balti- 
more road,  on  the  southern  and  western  borders,  became  convenient 
avenues  for  travel  and  traffic  for  the  inhabitants  of  that  section.  But 
the  county  seat  finally  attained  to  so  much  importance,  as  the  center 
and  metropolis  of  a  wide  farming  country,  that  a  railroad  had  be- 
come a  necessity,  and  its  citizens  determined  to  build  a  road  on 
their  own  account.  Surveys  were  accordingly  commenced  with  the 
design  of  locating  one  by  the  best  route  from  Waynesburg  to  Wash- 
ington, M'here  it  conld  connect  with  roads  leading  in  all  directions. 
The  most  natural  and  feasible  route  for  this  was  found  to  be  by 
the  Chartiers  Creek  Valley,  through  Van  Buren  and  Prosperity, 
substantially  on  the  line  of  the  old  plank-road.  But,  as  is  now 
asserted,  the  men  of  means  living  along  this  line  refused  to  aid  in 
the  construction  of  the  road  and  accordingly  the  surveyors  took  to 
the  hills.  The  route  finally  adopted,  by  West  Union  and  IIo])kin's 
Mills,  is  by  a  series  of  interminable  hills,  and  while  picturesque  and 
beautiful  to  the  last  degree,  it  was  proportionately  nnsuited  to  a 
railway  by  the  usual  straight  line  reduction.  The  only  alternative, 
tlrerefore,  was  to  strike  for  the  summits,  and  wind  by  the  graceful 
and  endless  curves  which  nature  has  imposed. 

In  passing  over  this  road  into  Greene  County  for  the  first  time 
there  is  a  constant  cloud  of  uncertainty  hovering  over  one.  lie  pulls 
away  for  a  while  and  seems  to  be  leaving  Washington!  behind  him, 
and  he  feels  sure  that  in  the  schedule  time  he  will  arrive  in  Waynes- 
burg. But  he  has  not  gone  many  miles  before  the  sun,  which  was  full 
in  his  face  at  setting  out,  is  now  at  his  back,  and  he  is  haunted  with 
a  suspicion  that  he  has  taken  the  wrong  train,  and  is  on  his  way  to 
Pittsburg.  But  while  he  casts  an  admiring  glance  at  the  land- 
scape, changing  at  every  instant  and  presenting  an  endless  variety  of 
hill,  and  vale,  and  winding  stream,  he  suddeidy  finds  himself  turned 
quarter  round,  and  he  is  making  direct  for  Ohio,  and  begins  to 
fear  that  he  is  on  his  way  to  the  far  West.  But  that  solicitude 
has  scarcely  had  time  to  get  a  lodgement  before  the  train,  by  a  mi- 
raculous transformation,  is  turned  completely  about,  and  is  rushing 
on  over  the  steel  banded  way  directly  for  the  Delaware  Abater  Gap, 
the  gate  to  New  York  City.  In  his  perplexity  he  is  just  upon  the 
point  of  calling  the  conductor  and  inquiring  M'here  he  is  really  go- 
ing to,  when  the  train  pulls  around,  and  seems  to  be  making  in  the 
direction  of  his  destination,  and  he  feels  ashamed  of  himself  for 
doubting  the  integrity  of  his  ticket.  So  he  pulls  out  a  book  and 
settles  down  to  a  snatch   of  romance.     But  all  at  once  he  is  broug-ht 


^^-C^>-7-2yL^    ^7^  ^7^,^^ 


History  of  greene  county.  357 

up  in  the  middle  of  a  sentence  by  tlie  train  starting  off  on  a  perfect 
masquerade,  circling  around  as  though  out  on  a  cruise  for  pond-lil- 
ies, and  when  it  has  made  the  complete  circle  and  he  feels  sure  that 
he  is  about  to  strike  the  track  on  wliich  he  came,  and  go  back  to 
Washington,  the  engine  by  a  dexterous  jump  veers  to  the  left,  and 
with  a  scream  of  laughter  at  the  deception  it  has  practiced,  it  runs 
joyfully  on  its  way,  and  before  the  traveler  is  aware  of  his  location 
the  spires  of  the  city  and  the  massive  front  of  Waynesburg  College 
break  upon  his  view.     The  road  is  indeed  a  marvel. 

"It  wriggles  in  and  wriggles  out, 
And  leaves  the  matter  still  in  doubt, 
Whether  the  snake  that  made  the  track, 
Was  going  out  or  coming  back." 


CHAPTER  XXIV. 


Methodist  EpiscorAL  Cuurcu— The  Cumberland  Presbyterian 
Church — The  Baptist  CnuRCii— The  Presbyterian  Church — 
The  Waynesburg  Catholic  Church. 

waynesburg  methodist  episcopal  church. 

THIS  church  first  appears  on  the  records  in  1803  as  a  part  of  a  mis- 
sion circuit  called  Deerfield,  with  Shadras  Bostune  as  missionary. 
Its  first  place  of  worship  was  erected  about  this  time  in  what  is  now 
known  as  the  "Old  Methodist  Graveyard,"  just  east  of  tlie  present 
borough  limits.  In  1848  the  society  built  a  large  brick  edifice  near 
the  center  of  the  town  and  removed  thereto.  The  church  was  rebuilt 
in  1876  on  the  site  of  the  old  building,  and  dedicated  the  same  year 
by  Bishop  Peck  and  Dr.  I.  C.  Pershing.  The  Legislature  of  Penn- 
sylvania, by  special  act  passed  in  1845,  incorporated  the  church  under 
the  name  and  style  of  "The  Trustees  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church  of  Waynesburg,"  and  under  this  charter  the  church  and  par- 
sonage property  is  held.  From  1803  to  1846  the  Waynesburg  ap- 
pointment was  a  part  of  a  circuit  embracing  about  all  of  the  central 
and  southern  part  of  the  county,  together  with  several  appointments 
in  the  State  of  Virginia.  In  1846  the  Mt.  Morris  circuit  of  seven  ap- 
pointments was  taken  off  the  "lower  end"  of  the  Waynesburg  circuit. 
For  a  number  of  years  after    this    Waynesburg  was  still  a  part  of  a 

18 


358  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

large  circuit,  but  for  several  years  past  its  i)Osition  lias  varied  from 
station  to  circuit  and  the  reverse.  At  present  it  is  a  station  with  155 
members  and  Rev.  Nelson  Davis  is  pastor. 

The  Sabbath  School,  organized  in  1845,  has  continued  in  success- 
ful operation  down  to  the  pi'esent  time.  It  has  an  enrollment  of  130 
members.  W.  W.  Evans  is  its  present  superintendent,  and  Nellie 
Donley,  secretary.  From  1804  to  1846  Waynesburg  circuit  had  for 
presiding  elders:  Thortin  Fleming,  James  Hunter,  Jacob  Gruber, 
Christopher  Frey,  Asa  Shinn,  James  Painter,  George  Brown,  Will- 
iam Stevens,  David  Sharp,  Robert  Hopkins,  James  G.  Sansom,T.  M. 
Hudson,  Samuel  Wakefield,  William  Hunter,  John  Spencer  and  S.  E. 
Babcock;  and  for  preachers:  Thomas  Dougherty,  Thomas  Church, 
and  William  G.  Lowman,  John  West,  Asa  Shinn  and  James  Wil- 
son, James  Riley,  John  Meek  and  Wesley  Webster,  Thortin  Flem- 
ing and  Allen  Green,  Williain  JVEonroe.  Jacob  Dowell  and  Joshua 
Monroe,  James  Laws  and  John  Connelly,  John  Watson,  Asby  Pool 
and  Jacob  Snider,  George  Irwin,  Henry  Baker  and  Nathaniel  Mills, 
Amos  Barnes  and  Thomas  Beeks,  Thomas  Jamison  and  Elias  Brewin, 
David  Stevens,  T.  M.  Hudson,  P.  G.  Buckingham  and  R.  Armstrong, 
John  Tacksberry,  Henry  Furlong  and  John  Moffitt,  Simon  Lauck, 
John  White,  S.  E.  Babcock  and  Samuel  Worthington  and  Wesley 
Smith,  George  McCaskey  and  James  L.  Reed,  William  Tipton,  J.  K. 
Miller,  John  Summerville  and  F.  H.  Reed,  Jeremiah  Phillips  and 
Walter  Chaifant,  John  L.  W'lliams  and  Ilosea  McCall,  Heaton  Hill, 
Isaac  N.  McAbee  and  M.  A.  Ruter,  B.  F.  Sedgwick,  Henry  Ambler 
and  Thomas  McCleary,  S.  Cheney,  J.  W.  Reger,  G.  A.  Lowman, 
John  Gregg,  M.  L.  Weakely  and  Dyos  NeiJ. 

From  1842  to  1846  the  circuit  was  in  the  Ohio  district,  Pittsburg 
conference;  prior  thereto  it  was  in  the  Wheeling  district.  In  1847 
it  was  in  the  Uniontown  district,  with  J.  J.  Sweagee  as  presiding 
elder,  and  Thomas  Jamison  and  N.  C.  Worthington  as  preachers.  In 
1848  it  was  in  the  Morgantown  district,  Simon  Elliott,  presiding 
elder,  and  P.  F.  Jones  and  J.  F.  Dorsey,  preachers. 

From  1849  to  1857  it  was  again  in  the  Wheeling  district  witliC. 
D.  Battell,  T.  M.  Hudson,  Edward  Burkett  and  C.  A.  Holmes  as 
presiding  elders;  Louis  Janny  and  A.  Deaves,  Joseph  Woodruff,  J. 
L.  Irwin,  C.  E.  Jones,  John  White  and  J.  D.  Turner,  L.  R.  Beacom, 
Robert  Laughlin,  James  Kenny  and  E.  H.  Green,  and  Daniel  Rhodes 
as  preachers. 

From  1858  to  1861  the  circuit  was  in  the  Washington  district, 
Pittsburg  Conference;  C.  A.  Holmes  and  D.  L.  Dempsej-  as  presid- 
ing elders,  and  J.  J.  Hays,  J.  J.  Jackson,  J.  N.  Pierce  and  J.  F. 
Jones  as  preachers.  From  1862  to  1867  it  was  part  of  the  Union- 
town  district  with  C.  A.  Holmes  and  A.  J.  Endsley  as  presiding 
elders,  and  II.  H.  Fairall,  M.  B.  Pugh,  and  Jolm  Mclntire  as  minis- 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  359 

ters.  It  was  in  the  South  Pittsl)iirg  district  from  1868  to  1875;  L. 
E.  Beacon  and  Hiram  Miller  as  presiding  elders;  Samuel  Wakelield, 
J.  L.  Stiftej,  D.  A.Pierce,  J.  H.  Henry  and  R.  J.  White,  pastors;  and 
for  part  of  1876  in  the  West  Pittsburg  district  witli  J.  A.  Miller  as 
presiding  elder  and  R.  B.  Mansell  as  preacher;  from  1876  to 
1888  it  has  been  in  the  Washington  district  with  S.  H.  Nesbit,  J.  W. 
Baker,  James  Mecheni  and  J.  F.  Jones  as  presiding  elders,  and  M.  M. 
Sweeney,  W.  D.  Slease,  G.  H.  Huflman,  E.  S.  AVhite,  L.  H.  Eaton, 
N.  P.  Kerr  and  Nelson  Davis  as  pastors. 

PJIESENT  OFFICIAL  BOAKD. 

Local  Preacher — Rev.  Charles  A.  Martin. 

Class  Leaders— L.  W.  Jones,  Z.  W.  Phelan,  M.  IL  Hunnill,  W. 
W.   Evans. 

Board  of  Stewards — W.  W.  Evans,  R.  Calvert,  Mrs.  M.  A.  Cal- 
vert, Mrs.  R.  T.  Guiher,  Z.  W.  Phelan,  M.  H.  Hunnill,  John  Ander- 
son,  J.  B.  Donley,  S.  W.  Scott,  A.  M.  Kline,  ^Y.  S.  Pipes. 

Board  of  Trustees — J.  B.  Donley,  president;  I.  H.  Knox,  secre- 
tary; S.  AV.  Scott,  treasurer;  Z.  W.  Phelan,  AV.  ^Y.  Evans,  F.  H. 
Horner,  A.  M.  Kline,  S.   R.  Sanders,  R.  Calvert. 

THE  CUMBERLAND  I'EESilYTEEIAN  CHURCH  IN  GREENE  COUNTY. 

The  Urst  Cumberland  Presbyterian  church  established  in  Greene 
County  was  organized  at  Jefferson,  in  the  year  1831,  with  forty 
members.  In  November  of  the  same  .year,  at  the  instance  of  the 
Rev.  Mr.  Loughran,  a  Presbyterian  minister,  who  subsequently  be- 
came a  Cumberland  Presbyterian,  a  small  Cumberland  Presbyterian 
church  was  organized  in  AVaynesburg,  consisting  of  twenty  mem- 
bers. The  Revs.  John  Morgan  and  A.  M.  Bryan  conducted  the 
services  and  effected  the  organization.  The  occasion  of  the  visit 
of  these  truly  great  and  good  men  was  a  personal  invitation  extended 
to  them  by  Mrs.  Mary  Campbell,  of  AVaynesburg,  who  had  heard 
them  preach  at  a  camp-meeting  in  AA^ashington  County  in  the 
neighborhood  of  the  present  village  and  Church  of  Old  Concord. 
Messrs.  Bryan  and  Morgan  are  tenderly  and  lovingly  remembered 
by  many  of  the  old  citizens  as  among  the  most  eloquent  and 
godly  ministers  who  have  ever  labored  in  Western  Pennsylvania. 
Mr.  Bryan,  who  afterward  settled  in  Pittsburg,  where  he  organized, 
and  for  many  years  was  pastor  of  the  First  Cumberland  Presbyterian 
church,  was  a  man  of  great  popularity.  He  was  a  man  of  the  finest 
presence,  and  gifted  with  a  voice  of  marvelous  sweetness..  His  or- 
atory was  of  a  high  order  of  merit  and  popular  with  the  masses. 
The  church  in    Pittsburg  was  very  prosperous  under  Mr.    Bryan's 


360  HISTORY    01'    GHEENE    COUNTY. 

ministry.  He  fell  in  the  pulpit  at  the  Bethel  church  in  Washington 
County.  Mr.  Morgan  was  a  man  of  different  type.  lie  was  of  great 
bodily  stature  and  of  most  commanding  ability.  His  power  with  men 
was  remarkable.  He  died  in  his  thirty-sixth  year,  while  pastor  of  the 
church  at  Uniontown,  which  flourished  under  his  flaming  ministry. 
The  Church  of  Carmichaels  was  organized  August  20,  1832,  by 
the  Rev.  Leroy  Woods,  who  had  been  sent  by  the  general  assembly 
of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  church  to  supply  the  Greene  Coun- 
ty churches.  Mr.  Woods  had  arrived  in  the  county  from  the  south 
on  July  7,  1832,  having  made  the  entire  journey  on  horseback.  He 
died  at  Waynesburg  in  the  autumn  of  1879  while  serving  the  church 
as  pastor  for  the  second  time.  There  are  now  Cumberland  Presby- 
terian churches  in  Greene  County  as  follows:  Jeflerson,  Waynesburg, 
Carmichaels,  Clarksville,  Muddy  Creek,  Jacksonville,  Nineveh,  Ten- 
Mile,  West  Union,  Clay  Lick  and  Hewitts.  With  one  or  two  excep- 
tions these  churches  are  prospering.  Several  of  them  have  elegant 
houses  of  worship. 

THE  WAYNESBUKCt  BAPTIST  CHUKCH. 

The  Waynesburg  Baptist  church  was  organized,  as  shown  by  the 
church  records,  in  the  following  manner:  "  For  the  purpose  of  ex- 
tending the  visible  kingdom  of  our  Lord  and- Saviour,  Jesus  Christ, 
and  securing  to  ourselves  and  families  the  privileges  of  the  gospel, 
and  at  the  same  time  bearing  our  testimony  to  the  truth  in  our  own 
vicinity,  and  in  the  county  town,  from  which  an  influence  for  good  or 
evil  goes  out  in  every  direction,  we  whose  names  are  annexed  to  the 
following  proceedings  met  agreeably  to  appointment  at  Hills'  school- 
house  near  Waynesburg  on  the  30th  day  of  June,  A.  D.  1843.  1. 
After  sermon  by  brother  James  Woods,  he  was  appointed  moderator. 
2.  Resolved,  That  we  be  constituted  into  a  regular  Baptist  church  of 
Waynesburg,  on  the  10th  day  of  July  next.  3.  Resolved,  That  we 
invite  brother  Samuel  AVilliams,  of  Pittsburg,  and  Francis  Downey, 
to  assist  brother  Woods  in  the  services.  4.  Resolved,  That  we  invite 
the  Smith's  Creek,  Muddy  Creek,  Union,  Jefferson,  Bates'  Fork,  and 
South  Ten  Mile  churches,  to  send  one  or  more  delegates  to  sit  in 
council  with  us.  Signed  by  the  constituents:  Anna  Moore,  Cynthia 
Ann  Stayhorne,  Jane  McCormick,  Bebecca  Carpenter,  Nancy  Hos- 
kinson,  Mary  Jennings,  Sarah  Jennings,  Ann  Dolison,  Eliza  Zollers, 
Neal  Zollers,  Carl  Moore,  Charles  Carpenter,  Thomas  Hoskinson, 
J.  S.  Jennings,  Alfred  Chawler. 

"  Waynesburg,  July  10th,  1843,  after  sermon  by  Elder  Samuel 
Williams,  the  Waynesburg  Baptist  church  was  organized  in  the  usual 
manner  by  Elder  Williams  and  James  Woods,  with  the  advice  and 
assistance  of  bretliren  from    sister  churches  attending  by  invitation. 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  361 

* 

Brother  James  Woods  Nvas  invited  to  take  eliarge  of  tlie  eliurcb  and 
preach  as  often  as  his  other  duties  would  permit.  A  declaration  of 
faith  and  church  covenant  was  adopted  by  the  church."  And  thus  was 
it  brought  into  existence  and  sent  upon  its  course  to  bear  some  part 
in  the  current  of  human  events.  The  pastors  who  have  presided  over 
it  are  as  follows:  "Rev.  James  Woods,  supply,  S.  Seigfried,  four 
vears;  Rev,  S.  H.  Ruple,  one  year;  Rev^  S.  Seigfried,  one  year;  Rev. 
W.  Whitehead,  one  and  a  half  years;  Rev.  Samuel  Morehead,  half 
year;  Rev.  R.  M.  Fish,  supply;  Rev.  A,  J.  Colliers,  two  years;  Rev. 
Francis  Downey,  supply;  William .  Wood,  one  year;  Rev.  Charles 
Tilton,  two  years;  Rev.  S.  Kendal,  three  years;  Rev.  11.  K.  Craig, 
seven  and  a  half  years;  James  Miller,  three  quarters  of  a  year;  Rev. 
AV.  W.  Hickman,  two  years;  Rev.  W.  M.  Ryan,  the  present  pastor, 
eight  years.  The  following  are  the  names  of  the  deacons  who  have 
served  the  church:  Carl  Moore,  Thomas  lloskinson  and  Neal  Zol- 
lers,  chosen  December  23,  1843.  Those  subsequently  elected  were  the 
the  following:  Jesse  Hill,  Isaac  Hooper,  A.  A.  Purman,  George 
lloskinson  and  J.  M.  Hoge.  The  following  brethren  have  served  as 
church  clerks:  J.  S.  Jennings,  S.  Seigfried,  Jr.,  J.  Y.  Brown,  Jesse 
Hill,  J.  J.  Purman,  L.  K.  Evans,  J.  Yoders,  J.  M.  Hoge,  AY.  E.  Hill. 
The  members  of  the  church  organized  were  largely  from  the 
country.  The  membership  in  1881  was  seventy-two.  There  have 
l)een  added  during  the  eight  years  of  Mr.  Ryan's  ministry  seventy- 
three.  In  that  time  sixteen  have  died;  sixteen  have  been  given 
letters  to  other  churches,  and  nine  have  been  excluded,  leaving  the 
present  membership  one  hundred  and  four.  The  house  of  worship, 
which  formerly  w^as  a  frame  structure,  in  the  progress  of  a  hurricane 
which  swept  through  the  valley  was  seriously  wrecked,  having  been 
taken  up  bodily  and  twisted  from  its  base.  It  was  accordingly 
decided  to  tear  down  and  build  anew.  A  neat  and  cojnmodious  brick 
structure  in  the  gothic  style  of  architecture,  with  stained-glass  win- 
dows  was  erected  to  take  its  place.  The  cost  of  the  new^  cliurch  was 
$6,565.91,  all  of  which  was  raised  and  paid,  so  that  the  church  is 
wanting  in  that  vei-y  common  appendage,  a  church  debt. 

THE    PKESBYTEEIAN    CIIUKCH    OF    GKEENE    COUNTY. 

The  Presbyterian  church  of  Waynesburg  was  organized  by  the 
Rev.  David  Hervey,  and  Rev.  John  D.  Whitam,  a  committee  from 
the  presbytery  of  Washington,  June  lltli,  1842.  The  ruling  elders 
chosen  at  the  organization,  and  duly  entering  upon  the  duties  of 
that  office  were  Obadiah  Yan  Cleve  and  AYilliam  Braden.  The  last 
named  has  continued  with  the  church  and  held  the  office  ever  since, 
and  with  R.  A.  McConuell  and  D.  H.  Haines  constitute  the  elder- 
ship of  the  church  at  the  present  time. 


362  IIISTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

t 

The  cliurcli  was  incorporated  by  the  court  of  common  pleas  of 
Greene  County  on  the  29th  clay  of  September,  1848.  The  first 
trustees  were  11.  D.  Mickle,  Dr.  E.  S.  Blackley,  Obadiali  Van  Cleve, 
William  Braden  and  Matthew  Dill,  Jr. 

A  number  of  worthy  ministers  have  supplied  the  church  at  dif- 
ferent times,  viz.:  Rev.  J,  Y.  Calhoun,  Eev.  Mr.  Ewing,  Rev.  A.  R. 
Day,  Rev.  J.  W.  Scott,  D.  D.,  J.  15.  Graham  and  Ashabel  Bronson, 
D.  D.  The  following  served  for  a  longer  period,  viz.:  Rev.  S.  H. 
Jeffrey,  who  was  pastor  for  a  term  of  six  years,  ending  in  1859  with 
his  death.  Rev.  James  Sloan,  J).  D.,  stated  supply  from  1862  to 
1868;  Rev.  E.  P.  Lewis,  pastor  1873  to  1875;  Rev.  George  Frazer, 
D.  D.,  supply  from  1875  to  1881,  and  present  stated  supply,  who 
came  to  the  church  in  1882,  the  Rev.  J.  A.  Donahey. 

The  first  church  building  was  erected  in  1849.  It  was  situated 
on  Morris  street,  just  north  of  the  Walton  House.  It  was  occupied 
until  1877.  The  present  house  of  worship  was  erected  in  1878.  It 
is  a  neat  and  substantial  brick  structure,  located  near  the  centre  of 
the  town.  The  church  also  has-  a  very  substantial  brick  parsonage, 
which  was  erected  during  the  year  1887.  It  is  located  at  the  corner 
of  Richhill  and  Greene  streets,  on  ground  devised  by  the  will  of  Mrs. 
Margaret  Bradford.  The  foundation  of  the  parsonage  fund  was  laid 
by  Mrs.  Mary  Hook,  who  left  to  the  churcli  twenty  shares  of  Bank 
stock,  one-half  of  which  was  to  be  used  in  procuring  a  parsonage 
when  the  church  sliould  determine  so  to  do. 

In  Greene  County  are  chnrches  at  Greensboro,  at  Jefferson,  and 
New^  Providence  at  Carmichaels  in  the  Redstone  Presbytery,  and 
Unity  at  Harvey's,  and  Waynesburg  in   the  Washington  Presbytery. 

Wayneshiirg  Catholic  C'Jmrch. — In  the  years  1828-'29  a  brick 
structure  was  erected  on  the  site  of  the  present  Catholic  Church 
edifice,  but  for  some  time  it  remained  unfinished.  Three  brothers, 
John,  Joseph  and  Andrew  Friedly,  with  others,  contributed  to  the 
completion  of  the  building,  and  were  fortunate  in  oi'ganizing  a 
society  and  securing  the  services  of  a  pastor  in  the  person  of  Father 
Michael  Galagher,  of  Brownsville,  Fayette  County,  a  man  of  great 
personal  influence,  and  who  had  officiated  as  the  agent  of  the  Catholic 
Church  west  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains,  which  office  he  contiiaied 
to  exercise  until  1843,  when  the  Diocese  of  Pittsl)urg  was  formed 
with  Michael  O'Conner  as  its  Bishop.  At  successive  periods  this 
church  has  been  ministered  to  by  Fathers  Kearney,  (Jerome,  Dennis 
and  James)  Hickey,  Farren,  Nolan,  Scanlon,  McHngh,  McEnroe, 
Sheehan,  Tahaney  and  Herman.  During  the  pastorate  of  Father 
McHugh  the  old  edifice  was  torn  down,  and  a  more  elegant  and  con- 
venient one  was  erected  in  its  place, 


HISTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  363 


CHAPTER  XXV. 

Introdcctoky  Note  to  JMilitaky  History. 

FltOM  the  earliest  period  the  patriotism  of  the  inliabitants  of 
Greene  County  has  never  been  questioned.  As  we  liave  ah-eady 
seen  at  the  very  inception  of  the  American  Revohition,  when  the  first 
intelligence  came  of  the  battles  of  Lexington  and  Concord,  the  settlers 
along  all  the  Monongahela  valley,  though  at  the  time  torn  and  har- 
rassed  by  bitter  strife  over  the  question  of  State  allegiance,  vied  with 
each  other  in  expressions  of  loyalty  to  the  American  cause,  and 
pledged  their  services  and  contributions  of  arms,  ammunition  and 
flints  in  a  struggle  for  the  rights  of  the  colonies.  The  number  of 
officers  and  men  from  this  section  found  in  the  Continental  army  in 
its  long  conflict  with  British  arms  was  not  excelled  in  proportion  to 
its  population  hy  any  part  of  the  Commonwealth. 

When  the  war  of  1812  came,  and  the  call  was  made  for  soldiers 
to  vindicate  the  imperilled  honor  of  the  nation,  the  ear  of  the  true- 
hearted  denizen  of  Greene  County  was  not  heavy,  and  the  offer  of 
service  came  from  hill-top  and  valley  along  all  its  broad  domain. 
Contentions  might  be  maintained  over  disputed  State  authority,  and 
the  right  or  wrong  of  an  excise  tax  on  distilled  spirits,  as  in  the 
whisky  rebellion;  but  when  the  honor  of  the  Flag  was  touched  there 
existed  but  one  mind  and  one  heart — that  of  intense  devotion  to  the 
national  cause. 

The  war  with  Mexico  found  here  a  like  devoted  spirit,  and  the 
regiment  of  John  W.  Geary,  which  moved  with  the  column  of  Gen- 
eral Taylor,  had  within  its  ranks  many  citizens  of  this  county. 

The  war  for  the  suppression  of  the  Rebellion  is  too  recent,  and 
the  memory  of  trials  endured  and  hearthstones  made  desolate  is  too 
fresh,  to  require  the  telling  of  how  the  calls  for  men  were  responded 
to  from  mansion  and  cabin  in  all  its  borders. 

It  would  be  a  fitting  recognition  of  the  patriotism  displayed  by 
the  people  of  the  county  if  the  name  and  record  of  every  man  who 
served  in  any  capacity  in  the  national  armies  should  be  given  in  this 
History.  But  unfortunately  this  cannot  be  done.  In  a  few  cases 
complete  company  organizations  Avere  made  by  Greene  County  re- 
cruits, and  the  full  records  of  these  are  given  below.  But  it  was  the 
misfortune  of  the  smaller  and  less  populous  counties  that,  instead  of 
companies,  small  squads  of  a    dozen  or  score  would   join   in  com- 


364  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

panies  forming  in  other  counties,  and  thus  their  identity  would  be 
lost,  as  there  are  no  means  now  existing  of  identifying  the  citizen- 
ship of  individual  soldiers.  A  considerable  number  joined  regi- 
ments recruited  in  AVest  Virginia  and  were  accredited  to  the  quota 
furnished  by  that  State..  It  is  now  ascertained  that  there  were  no 
less  than  twenty-seven  regiments  known  to  have  contained  recruits 
from  Greene  County,  the  complete  identity  of  Avhom  cannot  now 
be  traced.  The  Fourteenth,  Sixteenth  and  Twenty-second  Pennsyl- 
vania Cavalry,  the  Sixty-first  Pennsylvania  Infantry,  Two  Hundred 
and  Fifth  Pennsylvania  Heavy  Artillery,  and  the  First,  Third 
Fourth,  Sixth,  Seventh,  Eleventh,  Twelfth,  Fourteenth,  Fifteenth 
West  Virginia  Infantry,  and  First  West  Virginia  Cavalry  con- 
tained varying  numbers  of  Greene  County  volunteers.  Those  who 
thus  volunteered,  who  died  and  whose  graves  have  been  marked,  have 
been  identified,  and  their  names  and  records  are  given  in  connec- 
tion with  this  compilation. 

The  date  of  muster  in  of  the  major  part  of  the  companies  is 
given  at  the  heading  of  each  organization.  Where  a  difierent  date 
of  muster  in  from  that  thus  given  was  found,  it  is  placed  after 
each  individual  name.  This  will  account  for  the  date  of  muster 
in  not  being'  given  with  every  name.  The  records  have  been 
chiefly  drawn  from  my  own  "History  of  Pennsylvania  Volun- 
teers," and  from  a  manuscript  compilation  made  by  Colonel  John 
M.  Kent,  of  Waynesburg. 


CHAPTER  XXVI. 


Company  I,  Thirty-seventh  Regiment  of  Infantry,  Eighth  Re- 
serve— Organization — Battle  of  Mechanicsville — Gaine's 
Mill — Charles  City  X  Roads — Second  Bull  Run — South 
Mountain  —  Antietam  —  Fredericksburg  —  Wilderness  — 
Spottsylvania — Mustered  Out — Record  of  Individual  Mem- 
bers of  Company. 

AT  the  opening  of  the  civil  war  so  many  volunteers  responded  to 
the  call  of  the  President  for  75,000  men  to  serve  for  three 
months  from  Pennsylvania  that  all  could  not  be  accepted.  At  a 
camp  of  rendezvous  twelve  miles  above  Pittsburg,  on  the  Alleghany 
River,    designated   Camp  Wright,    forty-three  companies   were  as- 


J^^.^^  ^/f/jjj 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  367 

seinbled,  most  of  wliicli  could  not  be  received.  Hence  Greene 
Coiint}^  liad  no  organized  companies  in  the  three  months'  service, 
tliongh  many  of  its  citizens  were  found  in  organizations  in  other 
counties,  and  in  "West  Virginia. 

The  Eighth  Regiment  of  the  Pennsylvania  Reserve  Corps,  in 
which  was  Company  I  from  Greene  County,  was  formed  from  the 
companies  assembled  at  Camp  Wright  for  the  three  months'  service, 
but  could  not  be  accepted.  It  was  commanded  by  George  S.  Hays, 
subsequently  by  Silas  M.  Baily,  and  was  brigaded  with  the  Fifth, 
First  and  Second  Reserve  Regiments,  the  brigade  being  commanded 
hy  that  eminent  soldier,  John  F.  Re\molds.  This  Reserve  Corps 
was  composed  of  lifteen  regiments,  thirteen  of  infantry,  one  of 
cavalry  and  one  of  artillery,  their  place  in  the  line  being  from  the 
Thirtieth  to  the  Forty-fourth,  and  was  originally  commanded  by 
George  A.  JVIcCall.  It  was  formed  in  compliance  with  an  act  of  the 
Legislature,  and  was  originally  designed  for  exclusive  State  service, 
for  the  defense  of  the  long  stretch  of  exposed  border  on  the  Mason  and 
]Jixon's  line. 

But  in  the  bloomy  davs  succeedincr  the  first  battle  of  Bull  Run, 
when  fears  were  entertained  for  the  safety  of  the  capital  itself,  the 
Government,  in  casting  about  anxiously  for  help,  found  this  splendid 
corps  already  organized,  and  in  prompt  response  to  the  call  for  its 
services,  it  was  sent  forward,  was  mustered  into  the  service  of  the 
United  States,  and  was  never  returned  for  State  service. 

Company  I  was  originally  commanded  by  Silas  M.  Bailey,  but 
upon  his  promotion  to  Major,  John  M.  Kent  was  promoted  from 
acting  Adjutant  to  succeed  him  as  Captain.  In, the  battle  of  Mechan- 
icsville,  on  the  26th  of  June,  1862,  which  was  the  first  real  fighting 
which  it  saw,  with  Companies  A,  D,  and  F,  under  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Oliphant,  Company  I  was  sent  forward  on  the  skirmish  line,  in  front 
of  Easton's  Battery,  on  the  margin  of  the  swamp.  "A  brief  artillery 
contest,  in  which  the  shells  burst  in  rapid  succession  in  the  very 
midst  of  the  infantry,  was  followed  by  the  advance  of  the  rebel 
columns,  and  the  battle  became  general.  A  charge  of  the  enemy 
below  the  swamp,  with  the  design  of  capturing  Easton's  Battery, 
caused  the  skirmishers  to  be  recalled,  and  the  regiment  moved  to  its 
support.  But  the  enemy  being  repulsed  by  other  troops,  it  returned 
to  its  former  position.  Three  times  the  close  columns  of  the  enemy 
charged  down  the  opposing  slo])e  with  determined  valor,  but  was  as 
often  repulsed  and  driven  back.  At  night  the  men  rested  upon  the 
groimd  where  they  had  fought." 

The  Reserves  having  been  ordered  back,  retired  during  the  night 
to  Gaines'  Mill,  where  the  Eighth  was  posted  in  the  second  line  of 
battle,  holding  a  cut  in  the  road  which  afi"orded  some  protection.  But 
the  solid  shot  and  shell  of  the  enemy  tore  wildly  through  the  ground, 


36S         -  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

scattering  the  eartli  over  tlie  heads  of  the  men.  Hill  in  his  book, 
"  Our  Boys,"  says:  "  Suddenly  I  heard  an  explosion  a  little  to  my 
right  that  pierced  my  very  brain.  I  naturally  turned  in  the  direc- 
tion, and  saw  a  sight  that  is  before  my  eyes  yet.  Twenty  or  thirty 
feet  from  me,  where  the  banks  were  not  high  enough  to  aiford  much 
protection,  I  saw  a  cloud  of  dust  and  smoke  in  the  very  midst  of 
Company  A.  I  saw  a  man  throw  his  hands  wildly  above  his  head 
and  fall  backward,  covered  with  blood,  a  moment  he  lay  quivering 
convulsivel}^,  then  he  lay  still — perfectly  still.  He  was  dead.  Another 
stooped  and  picked  up  his  own  arm,  which  had  been  torn  off  by  the 
shell  as  it  descended,  and  rushed  wildly  towards  a  small  hospital 
some  distance  to  the  rear,  flourishing  his  dismembered  limb  above 
his  head  and  shouting  in  the  broad  tongue: — '  Och,  docther,  me 
airm's  off.'  A  percussion  shell  had  struck  fairly  among  the  boys 
killing  three  outright,  and  wounding  four."  The  enemy  were  led 
by  some  of  th'eir  most  trusted  leaders,  Stonewall  Jackson  directing 
his  celebrated  corps.  At  Ave  o'clock,  after  a  day  of  desperate 
fighting,  the  enemy  grew  impatient,  and  pushed  forward  dark  masses, 
determined  to  win  the  day.  Finally  word  came  for  the  Eighth  to 
push  forward.  Colonel  Hays  gallantly  led  the  cliarge.  The  valor 
of  those  men  was  unsurpassed,  and  the  enemy  was  swept  back  to 
a  piece  of  wood  where  he  had  cover,  and  made  a  partial  stand. 
The  firing  was  now  desperate,  and  a  perfect  shower  of  missiles  was 
poured  upon  the  foe.  Eeinforcements  were  speedily  brought  up 
by  the  enemy,  when  the  regiment,  rent  and  torn,  was  forced  back, 
but  retired  ^in  good  order.  Early  in  the  fight  Major  .Bailey  was 
woun<led  and  borne  from  the  field.  The  loss  of  the  regiment  was 
twenty-four  killed  and  eighteen  severely  wounded,  among  the  latter 
being  Captains  Johnson,  Wishart,  Gallupe  and  Carter.  Elijah  Mc- 
Clelland, of  Company  1,  was  among  the  killed. 

On  the  night  preceding  the  battle  of  Charles  City  Cross  Roads, 
the  Eiglith  was  sent  out  on  the  road  leading  to  llichmond  on 
picket  duty;  but  was  unmolested.  The  fighting  on  the  following 
day  on  this  field  was  desperate,  and  the  regiment  had  its  full  share 
of  bloody  work.  The  Sixth  Georgia  Avas  on  its  front,  and  when  the 
time  came  for  the  regiment  to  charge,  the  Georgians  were  driven 
and  scattered  like  the  chaft'  upon  the  summer's  threshing  floor. 
Charge  and  counter  charge  were  delivered  with  terrible 
effect,  until,  in  the  chances  of  the  battle,  the  regiment 
was  forced  by  overpowering  numbers,  and  took  its  place 
in  the  new  line  of  battle,  where  it  rested  for  the  night. 
Hiram  H,  Lindsey,  of  Company  I,  was  among  the  killed,  and  the 
regiment  lost  sixteen  killed  and  fourteen  severely  wounded.  The 
regiment  lost  in  the  entire  seven  days'  fight  two  hundred  and 
thirty.      By  the  time  the  regiment  reached  the  Second  Bull  Run 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  369 

battle-ground  it  had  become  reduced  to  less  than  a  hundred  st^rong, 
and  Company  "  I  "  to  fifteen  men.  Its  chief  duty  in  this  battle 
was  to  defend  the  artillery,  which  was  employed  almost  constantly 
on  the  part  of  the  Held  where  it  was  placed.  In  tliis  sanguinary 
battle  the  reo-iment  lost  five  killed  and  seventeen  wounded  and 
thirty  missing.  James  M.  Wells,  of  Company  I,  was  among  the 
killed.  At  South  Mountain,  in  Maryland,  the  old  enemy  was  again 
found  ensconced  behind  rocks  and  a  stone  wall,  and  from  his  secure 
hiding  place  poured  into  the  breasts  of  the  Reserves  the  deadly 
missiles.  Taken  thus  at  a  great  disadvantage  the  losses  were  grievous. 
But  resolutely  charging  up  the  steep  acclivity  of  the  mountain,  the 
enemy  was  finally  routed,  and  the  summit  was  cleared.  The  luss 
in  this  stubborn  tight  was  seventeen  killed  and  thirty-seven  wounded. 
Under  the  gallant  Hooker  tlie  Reserves  were  sent  forward  to  open 
the  battle  of  Autietam.  More  sanguinary  than  any  preceding 
field  was  this,  the  enemy  fighting  with  a  desperation  l)red  of  pre- 
vious successes.  On  the  morning  of  the  17th  of  September  the 
Eighth  was  ordered  to  push  forward  to  the  verge  of  the  noted 
cornfield,,  where  it  was  subjected  to  murderous  fire  from  the  foe, 
as  he^rose  up  from  his  concealment  and  poured  in  a  rapid  discharge. 
The  loss  in  this  battle  was  twelve  killed  and  forty-three  wounded. 
Among  the  killed  in  Company  I  was  Clark   Ingraham. 

Scarcely  was  one  campaign  ended,  and  the  absentees  and  recruits 
brought  in  and  drilled,  before  it  was  plunged  into  another  desperate 
encounter.  In  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg  the  Reserves  performed 
a  conspicuous  part,  attracting  the  attention  of  the  whole  army,  and, 
indeed,  of  the  whole  country,  gaining  the  only  decisive  advantage  on 
that  sanguinary  field.  "  In  the  heroic  advance  of  this  small  division, 
in  the  face  of  the  concentrated  fire  of  the  enemy's  intrenched  line,  in 
scaling  the  heights,  and  in  breaking  and  scattering  his  well-posted 
force,  the  Eighth  bore  a  conspicuous  and  most  gallant  part.  JXever 
Ijefore  had  it  been  subjected  to  so  terrible  an  ordeal,  and  when,  after 
being  repulsed  and  driven  back  by  overwhelming  numbers,  it  again 
stood  in  rank  beyond  the  enemy's  guns,  scarcely  half  its  number 
were  there.  Twenty-eight  lay  dead  upon  that  devoted  field,  eighty- 
six  wore  wounded,  and  twenty-two  w^ei-e  captured.  Adj.  J.  Lindsey 
Ingraham,  Corp.,  John  P.  Bu'rk,  Samuel  Cliurchill,  Wesley  S.  Crago, 
George  Delaney,  George  W.  Gramlee,  Joseph  McCullough,  Sergt. 
Joseph  C.  Minor,  F.  A.  Phillips,  M.  Dill.  Rinehart,  Isaac  Riggs, 
Richard  Stewart  and  William  AVoody  were  either  killed  or  mortally 
wounded,  and  Col  Baily,  Captains  R.  E.  Johnston,  J.  Eichelberger, 
II.  C.  Dawson,  William  Lemon,  and  J.  M.  Kent,  and  Lieuts.  Samuel 
McCandless,  J.  A.  Diebold,  S.  B.  Bennington,  II.  H.  Maquilken 
were  wounded. 

After  this  battle,  which  bore  so  heavily  upon  Company  I,  and  in- 


370  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

deed  upon  the  whole  body,  tlie  corps  was  ordered  to  the  defences  of 
Washington.  Since  its  arrival  at  the  front  this  celebrated  corps  had 
been  put  upon  the  advance  line  and  made  to  bear  a  brunt  of  the 
lighting  in  nearly  every  battle,  and  had  fairly  won  a  chance  for  re- 
cuperation. Indeed  there  was  but  very  little  left  of  it.  Company  I, 
witli  the  regiment,  remained  here  until  the  opening  of  the  campaign 
under  Grant,  in  the  spring  of  18G4.  On  the  5th  of  May,  the  old 
enemy  was  found  on  the  Wilderness  field  and  brisk  skirmishing  en- 
sued. On  the  following  morning  the  regiment  was  moved  up  the 
Gordonsville  Pike,  where  it  formed  and  drove  the  enemy.  Companies 
D  and  I  were  here  thrown  forward  as  skirmishes,  and  mo^ed  up  with- 
in seventy-five  yards  of  the  enemy's  fortified  line.  Here  for  three 
hours  a  hot  skirmish  fire  was  kept  up.  Company  I  losing  two  killed, 
John  Lockhart  and  Corp.  James  Lucas,  and  ten  wounded.  Hastily 
marching  by  the  flank,  the  enemy  was  again  met  on  the  7th,  and  the 
fighting  was  renewed  with  even  more  bitterness  than  ever,  and  for  a 
week  longer  the  sound  of  battle  scarcely  died  away.  But  now  the 
three  years  term  of  service  for  which  the  regiment  enlisted  had  ex- 
pired, and  transferring  the  veterans  and  recruits  to  the  One-luindred 
and  Ninety-first,  the  Eighth  was  relieved  at  the  front  on  the  17th,  and 
moving  to  Pittsburg  was  there  mustered  out  of  service-  on  the 
24th. 

Company  I,  TniRTY-SEVENTii,  Eighth  Reserve  Infantry. 

Kecruited  at  Waynesburg,  Greene  County,  mustered  in  June  20, 
1861. 

Silas  M.  Bailey,  Capt.,  pro.  to  Maj.;  wd.  at  Gaines'  Mill,  June 
27,  1862;  pro.  from  Capt.  Co.  I  to  Maj.,  June  4,  1862;  to  Col., March 
1,  1863;  to  brev.  Brig.-Gen.,  March  13,  '65;  mus.  out  with  Keg. 
May  24,  '64. 

John  M.  Kent,  Capt.  pro.  fr.  1st  Lieut,  to  Capt.,  June  16,  '62; 
wd,  at  Wilderness;  mus.  out  with  Co.  May  24,  '64. 

A.  H.  Sellers,  1st  Lieut.,  pr.  from  Sergt.  to  1st  Sergt.,  Oct.  10, 
1861;  to  1st  Lieut.,  Aug.  4,  1862;  wd.  at  Wilderness;  mus.  out  May 
24,  '64. 

Charles  C.  Lucas,  2d  Lieut.,  detached  for  duty  as  Quartermaster, 
May  1st,  '62;  not  mus.,  res.  Oct.  3,  1862. 

>  J.  Lindsey  Ingraham,  2d  Lieut.,  mus.  in  June  13,  '61;  pr.  fr. 
Sergt.  to  1st  Sergt.,  July  22, ''61;  to  Sergt.-Maj.,  Oct.  10,  '61;  to  2d 
Lieut.,  Aug.  4, '62;  to  Adj.,  Oct.  1, '62;  not  mus.;  killed  at  Fred- 
ericksburg, Dec.  13,  '62. 

James  A.  Wood,  2d  Lieut.,  pr.  fr.  Cor.  to  Sergt.,  Oct.  10,  '62;  to 
2d  Lieut.,  July  1st,  '63;  wd.  at  Charles  City  Cross  Roads,  June  30, 
'62,  and  May  22,  '64;  abs.  in  hos.  at  mus.  out. 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  37l 

B.  M.  Blackley,  1st  Sergt.,  tr.  to  Keg.  Band,  July  20,  '61. 

Joseph   W.  Smith,  1st  Sergt.,  pr  .fr.  Sergt.,  July  1st,  '62;  mus. 
out  with  Co.  May  24,  '64. 

Joseph  C.  Minor,  Sergt.,  killed  at  Fredericksburg,  Dec.  13,  '62. 
V       George  G.  Crow,  Sergt.,  pr.  fr.  Corp.,  Feb.  4,  '63,  nnis.  out  with 
Co.  May  24,  '64. 

O.  S.  Pratt,  Sergt.,  pr.  fr.  Corp.,    Aug.  1,  62;   dis.  on  Surgeon's 
certiiicate  Feb.  13  '63. 

Edwin  H.  Minor,  Sergt.,  pr.  fr.   Corp.,  Dec.  4th,  '62,    wd.  at 
Gaines'  Mill,  June  27,  '62,  mus.  out  with  Co.  May  24,  '64. 

George  W.  Scott,  Sergt.,  pr.  fr.  Corp.,  July  1st,  '63;  wd.  at  Wilder- 
ness; mus.  out  with  Co.  May  24,  '64. 

H.  J.  Bowler,  Sergt.,  pr.  to  1st  Sergt.,  tr.  to  191st  Keg.,  P.  V., 
May  15,  '64;  Vet. 

William  S.  Kiuehart,  Corp.,  died  at  Camp   Pierpoint,   Va.,   Jan. 
4,  '62. 

John  P.  Burk,  Corp.,  killed  at  Fredericksburg,  Dec.  13,  '62. 

Adam  Laughlin,  Corp.,  tr.  to  Vet.  Kes.  Corps,  July,  '63. 

James   Lucas,  Corp.,    mus.    Sept.  14,  '61;  wd.  at  Charles   City 
Cross  Roads,  June  30,  '62;  killed  at  Wilderness,  May  6,  '64. 

A.  J.  Bisset,  mus.  in  July  15,  '61,  tr.  to  191st  Keg.,  P.    V.,    May 
15th,  '64,  Vet. 

Neil  Gray,  Corp.,  wd.  at  Wilderness,  mus.  out  with  Co.   May  24, 
'64. 

William  Laughlin,  Corp.,  inus.  out  with  Co.  May  25,  '64. 

Samuel  K.  Estle,  muc,  pr.  to  prin.  muc.  July  1st,  '62. 

Adams,  Kobert,  disch.  May  27,  '63,  for  wds.,  with  lossj  of  arm 
at  Fredericksburg,  Dec.  13,  '62. 

Anderson,  Samuel,  died  at  Georgetown,  D.  C,  Oct.  22,  '61. 

Axtun,  Joseph  M.,  killed  at  Charles  City  Cross  Koads,   June  30, 
'62. 

Boon,  Henry,  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert.    Sept.  30,  '61. 
.     Bane,  Asa,  disch.  Jan.  22,  '63,   for  wds.    rec'd.  at  Gaines'  Mill, 
June  27th,  '62. 

Bell,  John,  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert.  July  16,  '62. 

Baily,  William    N.,    mus.    in    July  15,    '61,  tr.    to  Keg.  Band 
July  20,  '61. 

Bradley,  Charles  K.,  mus.  in    July    15,   '61,  tr.  to  Keg.  Band 
July  20,  '61. 

Burk,  Thomas  C,  tr.  to  191st  Keg.   P.  V.,  May   15,   64;   Vet. 

Brown,  A.  B.,  tr.  to  191st  Keg.  P.  V.,  May  15,  '64;  Vet. 

Bulor,  Hugh,  tr.  to  191st  Keg.  P.  V.,  May  12,  '64;  Vet. 

Batson,  Wilbur  F.,    mus.  in    March  24,   '64;  wd.,  tr.  to  191st 
Keg.  P.  v..  May  15,  ^64. 


372  HlStOEY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

Bare,  Baker,  in  us.  in  March  29,  '64,  wcl.  tr.  to  191st  Keg.  P.  V., 
May  1(5,  '64. 

Babbitt,  Harrison,  mus.  in  March  29,  '64,  tr.   to   191st  Reg.   P. 
v.,  May  16,  '64. 

Belford,  David,  nius.  in  April   7,  '64,  tr.  to   191st   Reg.  P.   V., 
May  15,  '64. 

Batson,  Elisha,  inns,  in  Sept.  8   '62,   died  at  Belle   Plain,   Jan. 
13,  '63. 

Chapman,  Silas,   mus.  in  July   15,   '61,  \vd.,   mus.  out  with  Co. 
May  24th,  '64. 

Curtis,  James  R,  mus.  out  with  Co.  May  24,  '64. 

Casner,  Thomas,  mus.  out  with  Co.  May  24,  '64. 

Church,  Henry,  mus.  out  with  Co.  May  24,  '64. 

Church,  James  M.,  wd.  at  Charles  City  Cross   Roads  June   30, 
'62,  mus.  out  with  Co.  May  24,  '64. 

Carter,  Charles  W.,  inus.  out  with  Co.  May  24,  '64. 

Chapman,  Joseph,  mus.  in  July  15,   '61,   disch.  on  Surg.  Cert. 
July  19th,  '62. 

Carson,  J.  H.,  disch.  March  6,  '63,  for  wds.  rec'd.  inaction. 
'   Coleman,  James  A.,  mus.  in  Sept.  9,  '62,   disch.  on  Surg.  Cert. 
Dec.  8th,  '62. 

Chaplin,  Albert  G.,  mus.  in  Sept.   8,  '62,  disch.   on   Surg.   Cert. 
Sept.  25,  '63. 

Copeland,  Samuel,   mus.    in  Sept.   9,  '62,  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert. 
March  19,  '63. 

Conrad,  David,  mus.  in  July  15,   '61;   wd.   at  Wilderness;  tr.  to 
191  St.  P.  v..   May  15,  '64;  Vet. 

Clovis,  Solomon  R.,  mus.  in  March    29,  '64,  tr.  to  191st  P.  V., 
May  15, '64. 

Cornhill,  William,  mus.    in   March  29,  '64,  tr.  to  191st  Reg.  1'. 
Y.,  May  15,  '64. 

Chisler,  James,  mus.  in  March  24,  '64,   tr.   to  191st  Reg.  P.  V., 
May  15,  '64. 

Cooper,  Charles  W.,  died  at  Georgetown,  D.  C,  October  16,  1861; 
bur.  Mil.  Asylum  Cem.  D.  C. 

Churchill,  Samuel,  died  Dec.  17,  '62,  of  wds.  reed,  in  action. 

Crago,  Wesley  S.,  killed  at  Fredericksburg,  Dec.  13,  '62. 

Deems,  George  R.,  mus.  out  with  Co.,  May  24,  '64. 

Daugherty,   Solomon,  disch.   March    14,  '64,  for  wds.   reed,   in 
action. 

Dutton,  John  W.,  mus.  in  Dec.  26,  '63,  tr.  to  191st   Reg.  P.  V., 
May  15,  '64. 

Dean,  Henry,  mus.  Sept.  8,  '62,  tr.  to  191st  Reg.  P.  Y.,  May 
15,  '64. 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  373 

Delany,  James,  mus.  in  Sept.  8,  '62,  tr.  to  191st  Keg.  P.  V., 
May  15,  '64. 

Dean,  Benjamin  F.,  mus.  in  March  24,  '64,  wd.,  tr.  to  191st 
Reg.  P.  Y.,  May  15,  '64. 

Delany,  George,  mus.  in  Sept.  8,  '62,  died  Jan.  10,  '63,  of  wds. 
reed,  at  Fredericksburg,  Dec.  13,  '62. 

Engle,  Joseph,  mus.  out  with  Company  May  24,  '64. 

Eisiminger,  Abraham,  mus.  in  March  29,  '64,  tr.  to  191st  Reo-. 
P.  v..  May  15,  '64. 

Eisiminger,  Isaac,  mus.  in  Sept.  8,  '62,  killed  at  Spottsylvania, 
May  10,  '64. 

Fordyce,  John  G.,  mus.  in  Sept.  8,  '62,  mus.  out  with  Co.  May 
24,  '64. 

Fetters,  A.  J.,  disch.  on  surgeon's  certificate  Aug.  3,  '62. 

Fordyce,  S.  R.,  mus.  in  Sept.  9,  '62,  wd.,  tr.  to  191st  Reg. 
P.  v..  May  15,  '64. 

Franks,  Ely,  mus.  in  June  29,  '61,  tr.  to  191st  Reg.  P.  V.,  May 
15,  '64;  Vet. 

Franks,  Wm.  M.  F.,  tr.  to  191st  Reg.  P.  Y.,  May  15, '64;  Yet. 

Franks,  Job,  mus.  in  Mar.  12,  '62,  wd.  at  Gaines'  Mill,  June  27, 
'62,  tr.  to  191st  Reg.  P.  Y.,  May  15,  '64,  Yet. 

Franks,  Emanuel,  mus.  in  March  15,  '64,  tr.  to  191st  Reg,  P.  Y., 
May  15,  '64. 

Funk,  William,  mus.  in  July  15,  '61,  tr.  to  191st  Reg.  P.  Y., 
May  15,  '64,  Yet. 

French,  James  A.,  mus.  in  Feb.  27,  '64,  wd.  at  Wilderness,  tr. 
to  191st  Reg.  P.  Y.,  May  15,  '64. 

Grooms,  William,  mus.  in  June  20,  '61;  mus.  out  with  Co., 
May  24,  '64. 

Gooden,  James,  mus.  in  April  7,  '64,  tr.  to  191st  Reg.  P.  Y., 
May  15,  '64. 

Gooden,  Francis,  mus,  in  April  7,  '64,  tr.  to  191st  Reg,  P.  Y., 
May  15,  '64. 

Gramlee,  John  W.,  killed  at  Fredericksburg,  Dec.  13,  '62. 

Hays,  John  W.,  mus,  out  with  Co,,  May  24,  '64, 

Herrington,  Allen,  mus,  out  with  Co.,  May  24,  '64. 

Huston,  George  A,,  mus.  out  with  Co.,  May  24,  '64. 

Horner,  James  H.,  mus.  in  Sept,  14,  '61;  disch,  by  general  order 
War  Dept,    Jan.  14,  '63. 

Hager,  Abijah,  tr,  to  191st  Reg.  P.  Y.,  May  15,  '64;  Yet. 

Hager,  Benjamin,  tr.  to  191st  Reg.  P.  Y.,  May  15, '64;  Yet. 

Hart,  John  B.,  tr,  to  191st  Reg,  P.  Y.,  May  15,  '64;  Yet, 

Hickman,  Perry,  mus,  in  Sept,  8,  '62,  tr,  to  191st  Reg,  P.  Y, 
May  15,  '64. 


374  ttlSTORY   OF   GREENE   COUKTY. 

Hoffman,  Levi,  luiis.  in  Sept.  8,  '62,  tr.  to  191st  Reg.  P.  T. 
May  15,  '64. 

Hains,  Elijah,  mus.  in  March  29,  '64;  wcl.  with  loss  of  leg  at 
Wilderness;  tr.  to  191st  Eeg.  P.  V.,  May  15,  '64. 

Hillen,  John,  mus.  in  July  15,  '61;  drowned  at  Alexandria, 
Aug.  29,  '62;   buried  at  Alexandria,  grave  188. 

Headley,  Erastus,  mus.  in  Sept.  8,  '62,  killed  at  Spottsylvania, 
C.  H.,  May  14,  '64. 

Inghram,  Clark,  mus.  in  July  20,  '61,  killed  at  Antietam, 
Sept.  17,  '62. 

John,  James  M.,  mus.  in  Sept.  9,  '62,  tr.  to  191st  Peg.  P.  Y., 
May  15.  '64. 

Kees,  David,  mus.  in  Dec.  12,  '63,  tr.  to  191st  Reg.  P.  V., 
May  15,  '64. 

Lawson,  Elisha,  wd.  at  Wilderness,  mus.  out  with  Co.,  May 
24,  '64. 

Leonard,  D.  P.,  mus.  in  July  15,  '61,  mus.  out  with  Co.,  May 
24,  '64. 

Laughlin,  G.  W.,  mus.  out  with  Co.,  May  24,  '64. 

Long,  William,  mus.  in  Sept.  8,  '62,  tr.  to  191st  Reg.  P.  V., 
May  15,  '64. 

Lemley,  G.  W.,  mus.  in  Sept.  8,  '62,  tr.  to  191st  Reg.  P.  V., 
May  15,  '64. 

Litzenburg,  Alexander,  tr.  to  191st  Reg.  P.  V.,  May  15,  '64,  Yet. 

Lemley,  J3asil,  mus.  in  July  15,  '61,  wd.  at  Wilderness;  tr.  to 
191st  Reg.  P.  Y.,  May  15,  '64,  Yet. 

Lockhart,  John,  mus.  in  Sept.  8,  '62,  killed  at  Wilderness, 
May  6,  '64. 

Lemley,  Spencer,  mus.  in  July  15,  '61;  died  at  Eredericksburg, 
Dec.  17,  '62. 

Lindsey,  II.  II.,  killed  at  Charles  City  Cross-roads,  June  30,  '62. 

Leonard,  Asa,  mus.  in  July  15,  '61,  discli.  on  Surg.  Cert.  Nov. 
10,  '62. 

Levi,  Philip,  discli.  on  Surg.  Cert.,  March  7,  '63. 

Mildred,  Albert,  mus.  out  with  Co.,  May  24,  '64. 

McClelland,  J.  H.,  mus.  out  with  Co.,  May  24,  '64. 

Minor,  W.  E.,  wd.,  mus.  out  with  Co.,  May  24,  '64. 

Morris,  Harrison,  mus.  in  Sept.  8,  '62,  discli.  Eeb.  16,  '63, 
for  wds.  reed,  in  action. 

Morris,  James  B.,  mus.  in  Sept.  8,  '62,  wd.,  tr.  'to  191st  Reg. 
P.  Y.,  May  15,   '64. 

Morris,  Erancis  M.,  mus.  in  March  29,  '64,  tr.  to  191st  Reg. 
P.  Y.,  May  15,  '64. 

Morris,  Richard,  died  Dec.  13,  '61,  of  wds.  reed,  accidentally. 

McClelland,  Elijah,  killed  at  Gaines'  Mill,  June  27,  '62. 


IIISTOIIY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  377 

McCnllongb,  Joseph,  mus.  in  July  15,  '61,  killed  at  Fredericks- 
burg, Dec.  13,  '62. 

JSIngent,  John,  miis.  out  with  Co.,  May  24,  '64. 

Ogden,  Perry,  wd.  at  Wilderness,  May  8,  '64,  ab.  at  nius.  out. 

Ogden,  Marion,  pris.  from   May  9,  '64,  to  Marcli  3,  '65;  discb. 
April  1,  '65. 

Plants,  George  AV.,    mus.  in  July  15,  '61;  mus.  out  with  Co., 
May  24  '64. 

Province,  Josepli,    mus.    in  Sept.  9,  '62,  discb.  on  Surg.  Cert. 
Feb.  12,  '63. 

Pbillips,  Allen,  discb.  Oct.    27,    '62,    for  wds.  at  Charles  City 
Cross  jTloads,  June  30,   '62. 

Pliillips,  James,  mus.  in  Oct.  4,  '61,  discb.  on   Surg.  Cert.  Kov. 
24,  '62. 

Phillips,  G.  W.,  mus.  in  Sept.  8,  '62,   tr.   to    191st  Reg.    P.  Y., 
May  15,  '64. 

Pethtei,  llicbard,  mus.  in  Feb.  27,  '64,  wd.  at  Wilderness;  tr. 
to  191st  Reg.  P.  v..  May  15,  '64. 

Pbillips,  F.  A.,  mus.  in  Sept.  8,  '62,  killed  at  Fredericksburg, 
Dec.  13,  '62. 

Parkinson,  James  II.,  died  April  18,  '63;  buried  at  Philadelphia. 

Eusb,   Silas,  pris.  from  May  9,    '64,  to    March    3,    '65;  discb. 
xVpril  1,  '65. 

Rinehart,  John,  mus.  out  with  Co.,  May  24,  '64. 

Eiggs,  Maxwell,  mus.  out  with  Co.,  May  24,  '64. 

Rose,  Edward  J.,  mus,   in   Sept.  8,  '62,  discb.  March   10,  '63, 
for  wds.  reed,  in  action. 

Rogers,  II.  J.,  mus.  in  Sept.  8,  '62,  tr.    to    191st  Reg.  P.  A'., 
May  15,  '64. 

Rice,  Alfred,  tr.  to  191st  Reg.   P.  Y.,  May  15,  '64,  Yet. 

Renshaw,  J.  L.,  tr.  to  191st  Reg.  P.  Y.,  May  15,  '64,  Yet. 

Roberts,  Justice  G.,  mus.  in  ]\Iarch  29,  '64,  tr.   to  191st  Reg.  P. 
Y.,  May  15,  '64. 

Ritter,  Josei3h,  mus.  in  Marcli  29,  '64,  tr.  to  191st  Reg.  P.  Y., 
May  15,  '64. 

Rinehart,  M.  Dill.,  mus.  in  July  15,  '61,  killed  at  Fredericks- 
burg, Dec.    13,  '62. 

Riggs,  Isaac,  mus.  in  July  15,  '61;  died  July  11,  '63,  of  wds. 
received  in  action;  buried  at  Alexandria,  grave  676. 

Snmmersgill,  Robert,  mus.  out  with  Co.,  May  15,  '64. 

Seals,  James  M.,  wd.,  tr.  to  191st  Reg.  P.  Y.,  May  15,  '64;  A"et. 

Smith,  R.  H.  L.,  wd.,  tr.  to  191st  Reg.  P.  Y.,  May  15,  '64;  Yet. 

Stewart.  A.  A.,  mns.   in  Sept.   8,  '62,   tr.  to  191st  Reg.  P.  Y., 
May  15,  '64. 

19  > 


378  HISTORY  OF  greene  county. 

Sayres,  Hobert  A.,  miis.  Nov.  2,  '61;  wd.  at  Gaines'  Mill,  June 
27,  '62;  tr.  to  191st  Reg.  P.  Y.,  May  15,  '64. 

Spicer,  John  II.,  mus.  in  March  29,  '61,  wd.,  tr.  to  191st  Reg. 
P.  v..  May  15,  '61, 

Spicer,  William,  mus.  in  March  29, '61;  wd.,  tr.  to  191st  Reg. 
P.  y..  May  15,  '61. 

Shields,  John,  mus.  in  March  29,  '64,  tr.  to  191st  Reg.  P.  Y., 
May  15,  '64. 

Stewart,  Richard,  mus.  in  Sept.  8,  '62;  died,  Dec.  28,  '62,  of  wds. 
reed,  in  action;  buried  in  Mil.  Asylum  Cemetery,  D.  C. 

Sylveus,  William,  mus.  in  Sept.  8,  '62,  died  at  Annapolis,  Jan. 
12,  '63. 

Tuttle,  Amos,  mus.  out  with  Co.,  May  24,  '64, 

Tuttle,  William  A.,  mus.  in  Feb.  29,  '64,  tr.  to  191st  Reg.  P.  Y., 
May  15,  '64. 

Turley,  John,  mus.  in  April  25,  '62,  tr.  to  191st  Reg.  P.  Y., 
May  15,  '64. 

Woody,  William,  mus.  in  Sept.  8,  '62,  killed  at  Fredericksburg, 
Dec.     13,  62. 


CHAPTER  XXYII. 


Company  F,  Fokty-foukth  Regiment,  Fikst  Pennsylvania  Cavalry, 

Fifteenth  Reserve. 

Organization  of  Regiment — Camp  Pierpont — Dranesville,  Cross 
Keys  and  Port  Republic — Robertson's  River — Cedar  Moun- 
tain— Second  Bull  Run — Fredericksburg — Death  of  Bayard 
— Mud  March — Chancellorsville  Campaign — Brandy  Sta- 
tion— Aldieand  Upperville — Gettysburg — Shepherdstown — 
Mine  Run  Campaign — Wilderness — Raid  to  Richmond — 
Hawes'  Shop — Barker's  Mill — St.  Mary's  Church — Ream's 
Station — Weldon  Railroad — Mustered  out — Record  of  men. 


B 


Y  the  provisions  of  the  act  authorizing  the  organization  of  the 
__  Reserve  Corps,  it  was  to  contain  one  regiment  of  cavalry.  Hence 
the  Fifteenth  and  last  of  the  corps  belonged  to  that  arm  of  the 
service.  Company  F,  of  this  regiment,  was  formed  at  Carmichaels, 
Greene  County,  and  was  mustered  into  service  at  Camp  Curtin,  near 
Harrisburg.     Fortunately,  this  regiinent  had  for  its  first  Colonel  one 


HISTORY    OF    GKEEISrE    COUNTY.  379 

of  the  most  accomplished  cavalry  officers  in  the  service — George  D. 
J3ayard,  whose  career  was  too  soon  ended,  at  Fredericksburg,  on  the 
13tli  of  December,  1862.  But  in  the  establishment  of  high  soldierly 
qualities  at  the  outset,  and  in  the  drill  of  the  regiment,  his  impress 
was  set  upon  the  organization  and  was  not  effaced  in  its  brilliant 
career  of  three  years.  He  attended  to  the  minutest  details,  even  to 
the  selection  and  purchase  of  the  horses  and  equipments. 

At  Camp  Pierpont,  Virginia,  the  winter  of  1861  was  passed, 
where  daily  a  detachment  of  thirty  men  was  sent  on  picket  duty. 
On  the  27th  of  November,  1861,  Col.  Bayard  led  the  regiment  on 
an  expedition  to  Dranesville,  where  a  few  prisoners  were  obtained. 
On  the  return,  the  head  of  the  column  was  lired  on  by  guerillas,  and 
in  the  skirmish  which  ensued.  Bayard  was  wounded  and  had  a  horse 
shot  under  him,  and  two  of  his  men  were  killed  and  two  wounded. 
In  the  battle  of  Dranesville,  which  occurred  on  the  19th  of  December, 
the  regiment  was  sent  in  to  unmask  the  position  of  the  enemy,  and 
subsequently  supported  Easton's  battery.  In  the  movement  upon 
Manassas,  at  the  opening  of  the  spring  campaign,  it  was  put  upon 
exhausting  service,  at  the  conclusion  of  which  it  was  posted  at  Falls 
Church.  It  accompanied  McDowell  on  his  advance  upon  the  Rappa- 
hannock, and  on  the  night  of  the  13th  of  May  had  a  sharp  skirmish 
with  the  enemy,  in  which  company  F  bore  a  conspicuous  part. 
At  this  juncture  Col.  Bayard  was  promoted  to  Brigadier-General, 
and  Lieut.-Col.  Owen  Jones  was  selected  to  succeed  him,  John  P. 
Taylor,  Lieut.-Col.  Sylvester  D.  Barrows,  and  Josiah  H,  Ray,  of 
Company  F,  to  Majors.  Ordered  forward  to  join  McClellan  on  the 
Peninsula,  this  regiment  took  the  advance  by  Fredericksburg,  and 
had  arrived  within  fifteen  miles  of  the  right  wing  of  the  army  of 
the  Potomac,  when  it  was  ordered  back  to  the  support  ot  Banks 
and  Fremont,  operating  against  Stonewall  Jackson  in  the  valley. 
At  Strasburg,  Bayard  came  up  with  the  enemy,  and  brisk  skirmish- 
ing ensued.  The  enemy  was  driven  beyond  Woodstock.  At  Har- 
risonburg a  brisk  skirmish  occurred.  Subsequently  the  regiment 
participated  in  the  battle  of  Cross  Kej^s  on  the  8th,  and  finally  at 
Port  Republic,  closing  a  month  of  active  campaigning. 

Under  Pope  the  regiment  opened  a  new  campaign  on  the  Rap- 
pahannock, Bayard's  brigade  of  cavalry  guarding  the  crossings  of 
the  river,  and  beating  back  the  foe.  At  Robertson's  River  a  warm 
engagement  was  had  with  the  advance  of  Stonewall  Jackson's  corps, 
in  which  the  regiment  lost  tw^o  killed  and  two  wounded.  Con- 
testing the  ground  as  he  withdrew  his  brigade  in  the  face  of 
Jackson's  whole  army,  by  skillful  maneuvering  the  enemy's  column 
was  delayed  until  the  forces  of  Banks'  reached  their  position  on  the 
Cedar  Mountain  battle  ground.  At  a  crisis  in  the  battle  Knapp's 
battery  was  in  imminent  peril  of  falling  into  the  enemy's  hands;  but 


380  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

a  handsome  charge  made  hy  Major  Falls,  with  the  first  battalion, 
saved  the  gnns  and  drove  back  the  foe.  Of  two  hundred  and  sixteen; 
men  who  entered  the  conflict,  but  seventy-one  came  back  mounted. 
In  the  retirement  of  the  Union  column  before  the  advance  of  the 
army  of  Northern  Virginia,  Bayard's  brigade  formed  the  rear  guard. 

On  the  evening  of  the  28th  the  regiment  had  the  advance  of 
Sigel's  corps  in  its  progress  to  Thoroughfare  Gap,  wliere  Longstreet's 
corp  was  held  in  check  for  six  hours.  In  the  two  following  days,  durino- 
the  desperate  flghting  on  the  Held  of  the  Second  Bull  Bun,  the  regi- 
ment held  a  position  on  the  extreme  left  of  the  army.  At  the  close 
of  the  campaign,  with  a  force  of  one  hundred  avaihible  horses  and 
two  hundred  men,  it  went  into  camp  at  Munson's  Hill  for  rest  and 
recruiting. 

On  the  12tli  of  December,  preparations  having  been  made  under 
Burnside  for  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg,  the  regiment  moved  across 
the  river,  now  under  command  of  Lieut.  Col.  John  P.  Taylor,  and 
was  deployed  as  skirmishers,  and  ordered  to  advance  until  the  enemy 
was  found.  A  mile  from  the  river,  near  the  railroad  track,  the  enemy 
was  met  and  a  brisk  skirmish  ensued,  until  the  infantry  came  to  its 
relief.  On  the  following  day,  the  day  of  the  great  battle,  the  regiment- 
was  deployed  as  skirmishers  on  the  left  wing,  where  it  was  under 
Are  of  the  enemy's  artillery.  At  three  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  at 
the  moment  when  the  battle  was  raging  fiercest.  Gen.  Bayard,  who 
was  now  in  chief  command  of  the  cavalry,  was  struck  by  a  fragment 
of  a  shell  and  mortally  wounded.  "  The  original  commander  of  the 
First  Cavalry,  he  had  endeared  himself  to  its  members  not  less  by  his 
devotion  to  their  instruction  and  improvement,  than  by  the  heroism, 
he  displayed  in  the  hour  of  danger." 

Upon  the  abandonment  of  Burnside's  second  campaign,  familiarly 
known  as  the  "  Mud  march,"  in  January,  1863,  Col.  Jones  resigned,. 
and  Lieut.-Col.  Taylor  succeeded  him  as  Colonel.  Major  David 
Gardner  became  Lieutenant-Colonel,  and  Captain  William  T.  McEwen^ 
Major.  On  the  12th  of  April  the  cavaby  moved  on  the  Chancellors- 
ville  campaign  under  Hooker.  The  operations  of  the  cavalry  in  this 
whole  movement,  wearing  and  exhausting  to  the  last  degree,  resulted 
in  little  effective  service,  Gen.  Stoneman,  who  was  in  command, 
studying  to  shun  the  enemy  rather  than  to  find  and  fight  him. 

Scarcely  had  the  regiment  rested  and  remounted,  when  it  was  put 
upon  the  march  for  the  Gettysburg  campaign.  At  Brandy  Station, 
on  the  9th  of  June,  the  cavalry  fought  in  one  of  the  warmest  engage- 
ments hitherto  participated  in  by  this  arm  of  the  service.  Following  up 
the  charge  of  the  First  Maryland,  "  Col.  Taylor  led  a  desperate  charge 
upon  the  left  and  rear  of  the  foe,  reaching  the  Bai-bour  House,  where 
were  Gen.  Stuart,  his  staff  and  body  guard,  surrounded  by  cavalry. 
Here  a  desperate  encounter  ensued,  the  men  using  the  cavalrymen's^ 


IIISTOUY    or    GlIEEXE    COUNTY.  381 

true  weapon,  the  sabre,  with  terrible  etfect,  A  miinber  of  prisoners 
were  brought  off',  including  Stuart's  Assistant  Adjutant  General."  It 
was  subsequently  engaged  at  Beverly  Ford,  under  the  immediate 
command  of  Buford.  The  loss  was  three  killed  and  eleven  severely 
wounded.  At  Aldie  and  Upperville,  on  the  21st  and  22d  of  June, 
Stuart  was  again  met  and  severe  fighting  ensued,  the  regiment  beino- 
engaged  on  the  22d  in  pushing  back  the  enemy,  and  acted  as  extreme 
rear  guard  to  the  army  on  its  way  to  Gettysburg.  At  9  o'clock  on 
the  2d  of  July  it  arrived  upon  that  sanguinary  field,  and  was  detailed 
for  duty  at  Gen.  Mead's  headquarters,  where  it  served  to  the  end  of 
the  campaign.  At  Shepherdstown,  after  the  crossing  of  the  Potomac, 
in  the  pursuit  from  Gettysburg,  the  regiment  was  warmly  engaged, 
and  in  position  along  the  Charlestown  pike  held  its  ground  against 
the  repeated  attacks  of  the  foe. 

The  enemy  was  driven  beyond  the  Ilapidan  by  the  17th  of  Sep- 
tember, the  regiment  being  actively  engaged  in  the  campaign  and 
suffering  some  losses.  The  necessity  which  caused  the  withdrawal 
of  Meade's  army  to  Centerville  brought  the  cavalry  into  severe  duty, 
^nd  at  Auburn  and  New  Hope  Church  its  endurance  and  bravery 
were  severely  tried.  The  campaign  ended  in  the  fiasco  at  Mine  Run; 
but  the  winter  of  1863-4  was  one  of  little  rest  for  the  cavalry. 
Picket  duty,  scouts,  guards,  and  details  through  the  mud,  and  frosts, 
the  sleet  and  rains  of  that  inclement  winter  kept  it  actively  employed 
the  whole  season  through. 

The  spring  campaign  of  1864  opened  on  the  4th  of  May.  Grant 
was  now  at  the  head  of  the  army.  Crossing  the  Rappahannock,  at 
Kelly's  Ford,  and  the  Rapidan,  at  Ely's  Ford,  the  regiment  moved 
with  cavalry  to  the  Spottsylvania  Court  House  and  thence  to  Todd's 
Tavern,  and  on  the  5tli  was  hotly  engaged.  Asa  S.  Allfree,  of  Com- 
pany I,  was  among  the  severely  wounded.  On  the  7th  it 'advanced 
dismounted  in  line  with  the  Sixth  Ohio,  and  after  a  stubl)orn  fight 
drove  the  enemy,  his  dead  and  wounded  being  left  in  the  hands  of 
the  victors.  On  the  9th  Gen.  Sheridan  commenced  his  grand  raid 
upon  Richmond.  Crossing  the  Massaponax,  Ny,  Po,  and  Ta  rivers 
the  enemy's  cavalry  was  met  at  Childsburg  and  a  severe  action 
occun-ed  in  which  the  First  suffered  some  losses  and  the  foe  was 
roughly  handled.  Arrived  within  sight  of  the  spires  of  Richmond, 
less  than  two  miles  away,  near  Meadow  bridge,  the  eneny  came  out 
in  heavy  force  intent  on  effecting  the  rout  and  utter  destruction  of 
Sheridan's  forces;  but  with  undaunted  braver^'  every  attack  was  met 
with  courage  and  gallantry  not  excelled  by  troops  fighting  to  save 
their  capital  from  capture.  Pushing  forward,  the  columns  reached 
Haxall's  Landing  on  the  James  River,  and  after  a  rest  of  three  days 
returned  by  White  House  and  Aylett's,  and  rejoined  Grant  at  Ches- 
terfield Station  on  the  25th,  having  made  a    campaign    in    less    than 


382  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

twenty    days,   which    covered    the    ground   of  the    whole    summer's 
operations. 

At  Hawe's  Shop  a  sanguinary  battle  was  fought  by  the  cavalry,  in 
which  the  regiment  bore  a  conspicuous  part  and  suffered  heavy  losses. 
Lieut.  Samuel  Greenlee 'was  killed  and  George  W.  Beam,  of  Company 
I,  was  mortally  wounded  here.  Though  reduced  to  scarcely  two 
hundred  men,  it  expended  over  eighteen  thousand  rounds  of  ammu- 
nition. It  was  again  hotly  engaged  at  Barker's  Mill,  where  it  ex- 
hibited unsurpassed  gallantry  and  courage. 

The  tireless  energy  of  Sheridan  gave  the  cavalry  little  time  for 
rest,  and  seizing  the  iirst  opportunity  when  he  could  be  spared  from 
the  front,  lie  was  off  on  his  Trevilian  raid.  The  destruction  of  the 
Virginia  Central  liailroad  having  been  accomplished  for  many  miles, 
in  the  face  of  a  vigilant  foe,  which  required  incessant  activity  to 
defend  the  working  parties,  the  regiment  finally  found  itself  entrapped 
in  a  narrow  opening  of  the  forest,  and  only  saved  itself  from 
utter  annihilation  by  tlie  most  conspicuous  coolness  and  gallantry, 
losing  three  officers  and  thirty-live  men  killed,  w^ounded  and 
prisoners.  As  the  columns  of  Grant  neared  liichmond  tlie  eneiny 
grew  more  and  more  desperate.  At  St.  Mary's  church  the  rebel 
cavalry  was  supported  by  infantry,  and  Sheridan  found  himself  hard 
pushed.  It  was  in  tliis  battle  that  Company  I  suffered  grevious  loss. 
Captain  Alexander  Davidson  was  killed,  and  Thomas  Crago  and 
George  W.  CraM-ford  were  missing  in  action.  Crossing  the  James 
on  the  12th  of  July  it  M'as  again  engaged  at  Ream's  Station,  and 
returning  again  across  the  James,  it  met  the  enemy  at  Malvern 
Hill,  where  a  severe  encounter  occurred  in  which  Abner  Murdock, 
of  Company  I,  Avas  killed.  At  Lee's  Mills,  at  Gravel  Hill,  and 
finally  at  Heam's  Statit)n,  on  the  Weldon  Railroad,  the  regiment 
in  quick  succession  met  the  foe,  and  at  the  latter  point,  after  three 
years  of  honorable  service,  fought  its  last  battle.  The  veterans 
and  recruits,  four  hundred  and  one  in  number,  were  organized  in  a 
battalion  under  command  of  Major  Falls,  which  was  subsequently 
consolidated  with  the  Sixth  and  Seventeenth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry 
forming  the  Second  Pro\'isional.  Having  been  relieved  at  the 
front,  the  regiment  proceeded  to  Philadelphia,  where,  on  the  Oth 
of  September,  1864,  it  was  mustered  out  of  service. 

CoMl'ANV    F,    FOKTV-FOURTU,    FlFTEENTU    ReSERVE,     FiKST    CaVALRY. 

Recruited  at  Carmichaels,  Greene  County,  mustered  in  Aue^ust 
16,  186L 

John  M.  Harper,  Capt.,  resigned  Oct.  19,  '61. 

Josiah  H.  Ray,  Capt.,  pro.  fr.  1st  Lieut,  to  Capt.,  Nov.  14, 
'61;  to  Major,  March  1st,  '62;  resigned  Feb.  23,  '63. 


IIISTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  383 

Alexander  Davidson,  Capt.,  pr.  fr.  2nd  Lieut.,  Dec.  8,  '61;  to 
Capt.  March  1,  '62;  died  Aug.  1,  *64,  of  wds.  reed,  at  St.  Mary's 
Church,  Va.,  June  24,  '64. 

Thomas  Lucas,  1st  Lieut.,  pr.  fr.  Corp.  to  Sero:t.,  Jan.,  "62;  to 
1st  Lieut.  Aug.  17,  '62;  wd.  at  Brandj^  Station,  Va.,  June  9,  '63; 
nms.  out  with  company  Sept.  1,  '64. 

Lewis  K.  Evans,  2d  Lieut.,  pr.  fr.  private  to  2d  Lieut.,  Xov.  14, 
'61;  resigned  July  11,  '62. 

Samuel  Greenlee,  2d  Lieut.,  pr.  fr.  private  to  1st  Sergt.,  Dec, 
'61;  to  2d  Lieut.,  June  13.  '62;  wd.  June  9,  '63;  killed  at  ILawes' 
Shop,  Va.,  May  28,  '64. 

Jonas  E.  Lucas,  1st  Sergt.,  pr.  fr.  Sergt;  captured  in  action  JS^ov. 
17,  '63;  com.  2d  Lieut.  June  26,  '64;  not  mus. ;  mus.  out  with 
Co.  June  16th,  '65.;  Vet. 

V.  Worthington,  Q.  M.  Sergt.,  pr.  fr.  Corp.  to  Sergt;  to  Q.  M. 
Sergt.;  tr.  to  Co.  F.  Batt.,  Sept.  9,  '64;  pr.  to  1st  Sergt.;  to  2d 
Lieut.  Oct.  11,  '64;  to  1st  Lieut.  Co.  L,  Dec.  13,  '64;  to  Capt. 
Co.  A.,  March  5,  '65;  mus.  out  by  consolidation,  June  20,  '65;  Vet. 

John  II.  Iloge,  Com.  Sergt.,  wd.  at  Brandy  St.,  Va.,  June  9, 
'63,  mus.  out  with  Co.  Sept.  9,  '64. 

John  H.  Black,  Sergt.,  mus.  out  with  Co.,  Sept.  9,  '64. 

S.  S.  Iloulswoith,  Sergt.,  died  Nov.  27,  '61. 

James  K.  Gregg,  Sergt.,  wd.  at  Auburn,  Va..  Oct.  14.  '63.  mus. 
out  with  Co.  Sept.  9,  '64. 

George  W.  Evans,  Sergt.,  pr.  fr.  Corp.  Aug.  17,  '62,  mus.  out 
with  Co.  Sept.  9,  '64. 

John  Haver,  Sergt.,  pr.  fr.  Corji.  Se})t.  1,  '62,  mus.  out  with  Co. 
Sept.  9,  '64. 

John  R.  Dunlap,  Sergt.,  pr.  fr.  Corp.  Sept.  1,  '62,  mus.  out  with 
Co.  Sept.  9,  '64. 

W.  II.  II.  Eberhart,  Corp.,  tr.  to  Battalion  Sept.  9,  '64. 

John  Jones,  Corp.,  pr.  to  Corp.  April,  '62,  mns.  out  with  Co. 
Sept.  9,  '64. 

Alvin  H.  Wilson,  Corp.,  pr.  to  Corp.  June  13,  '62,  mus.  out  with 
Co.  Sept.  9,  '64. 
-X   Thomas  F.  Reppert,  Corp.,  pr.  to  Corp.    Sept.   1,  '62;  wd,  July 
28,  '64;  abs.  at  mns.  out. 

Joseph  A.  Shaffer,  Corp.,  prisoner  from  June  24,  '64,  to  April 
28,  '65;  mus.  out  Juue  9,  65;  Vet. 

Jesse  Hughes,  Corp.,  wd.  Aug.  22,  '64;  tr.  to  Batt.  Sept.  9,  '64; 
died  Sept.  27,  '64;  buried  at  Philadelphia;  Vet. 

Andrew  J.  Youno:,  Corp.  tr.  to  Batt.  Sept.  9,  '64;  mus.  out  as 
Sergt.  Co.  F.,  June  20,  '65;  Vet. 

J.  M.  Worthington,  Bugler,  mus.  out  with  Co.  Sept.  9,  *64. 


38i  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

George  "VV.  AValters,  Bugler,  pr.  to  inuc.  March  1,  '64,  inus.  out 
with  Co.  Sept.  9,  'G4. 

Alton,  James  E.,  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert.  Sept.  22,  "02. 

Anderson,  John,  tr.  to  Batt.  Sept.  9,  '(34,  Vet. 

Allfree,  Asa  S.,  wd.  and  missing  at  Wilderness  May  5,  '64. 

Alexander,  Morris,  cap.  Nov.  21,  '63;  died  at  AndersonvlUe,  July 
14,  '64;  grave  3,317. 

Bristel,  Omit,  mus.  out  with  Co.  Sept.  9,  '64. 

Birch,  Thomas,  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert.  March  14,  "63. 

Baker,  David  S.,  tr.  to  Batt.  Sept.  9,  '64,  Yet. 

Breste],  Jacob,  mus.  in  Sept.  1,  '62;  wd.  May  28,  '64;  tr,  to  Batt. 
Sept.  9,  '64;  mus.  out  in  Co.  F,  June  6,  '65. 

Beam,  George  W.,  died  Sept.  16,  '63,  bur.  in  Mil.    Asy.  Cem. 
D.  C. 

Brown,  James  "W.,  cap.  Aug.,  '62,  and    Nov.    17,   '63;  mus.  out 
June  16,  '65. 

Crayne,  Isaac  B.,  mus.  out  with  Co.  Sept.  9,  '64. 

Cree,  Henry  C,  wd.  at  xVuburn,  Va.,  Oct.  14,  '63,   mus.  out  with 
Co.  Sept.  9,  '64. 

Cree,  Joseph  M.,  mus.  out  with  Co.  Sept.  9,  '64. 

Cox,  James,  absent  in  hospital  at  mus.  out. 

Cummins,  William,  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert.  Jan.  4,  '62. 

Cree,  Hugh  D.,  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert.  Jan.  4,  '62. 

Crai't,  Benjamin  L.,  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert.  July  28,  '62. 

Crawford,  James,  P.,  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert.  Oct.  17,  '62, 

Cummins,  James  It.,  tr.  to  Batt.  Sept.  9,  '64;   mus.  out  with  Co. 
as  Corp.  Co.  F,  June  20,  '64;  Vet. 

Cary,  Sylvester  P.,  mus.  in  Sept.  25,  '62;  tr.  to  Batt.  Sept.  9,  '64; 
mus.  out  with  Co.  F,  June  9,  '65. 

Cannon,  James,  mus.  in  March    30,  '64,  tr.  to  Batt.  Sept.  9,  '64. 

Crago,  James,  mus.  in  March  25,  '64,  died  June  1,    "64,  of  wds. 
rec"d  at  Ilawes'  Shop,  Va.,  May  28,  "64. 

Crawford,  George  W.,  missing  at  St.  Marj-'s  Church,   Va.,   June 
24,  "64. 

Crago,  Thomas,  mus.  in  March  25,  '6-Jt,  missing   in    action  June 
23,  '64. 

Davis,  Winchester,  mus.  out  with  Co.  Sept.  9,  '64. 

Dean,  John  W.,  mus.  out  with  Co.  Sept.  9,  '64. 

Dunlap,  Samuel  P.,  died  Feb.   13,  '63. 

Dukate,  John,   mus.  in  March  30,  '64;  cap.  at  St.  Mary's  Church, 
Ya.,  June  24,  "64;  died  at  Andersonville,  Oct.  6,  '64;  grave  10,436. 

Evans,  Pobert,  mus.  out  with  Co.  Sept.  9,  '64. 

Elginfritz,  David  F.,  mus.  in  Aug.  25,  '62;  tr.  to  Batt.   Sept.  9, 
'64;  mus.  out  with  Co.  F,  May  27,  '65. 


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c»— 


IIISTOUY  OF  gkeenp:  county.  3S7 

Eisiinninger,   James,  nius,  in  Aug.  22,   '02;  tr.  to  Batt.  Sept.   9, 
'64;  mus.  out  in  Co.  F  June  (3,  '05. 

Ely,  Caleb,  inus.  in  Aug.  25,  'G2;  wd.  at  Auburn,  Va.,  Oct.  14, 
'63;  tr.  to  Batt.  Sept.  9,  '64. 

Evans,  AVilliam  W.,  died  Jan.  29,  '62. 

Eisinminger,  Thomas,  mus.  in  Sept.  17,  '64;  not  oh  mus.  out  rull. 

Eislier,  Franklin,  mus.  out  with  Co.  Sept.  9,  '64. 
\  Fordye.e,  Justus  G.,  mus.  uut  with  Co.  Sept.  9,  '64. 

"-  Fordyce,  James  II.,  mus.  in  Sept.    1(3,   '62,  diseh.  on  Surg.   Cert. 
March  14,  '64. 

Frank,  Anthony,  mus.  in  July  17,  '63;  prisoner  from  June  24, 
'64  to  April  28,  '65;  mus.  out  June  21,  '(55. 

Gump,  Harrison,  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert.  April  29,  '63. 

Grove,  James  P.,  March  1,  '(32,  tr.  to  Batt.  Sept.  9,  '64. 

Grim,  David  C,  mus.  in  Aug.  17,  '62;  tr.  to  Batt.  Sept.  9,  '64; 
mus.  out  with  Co.  F,  May  27,  '65. 

Glassmyer,  All)ert,  mus.   in  July,  '63,  tr.  to  Batt.  Sept.  9,  '64. 

Gresley,  Charles,  mus.  in  July  21,  '63,  missing  in  action  Nov. 
17,  '63. 

Grass,  Henry,  mus.  in  July  17,  '(33;  capt.  May  31,  64;  died, 
date  unknown;  bur.  at  Milieu,  Ga.,  Sec.   A,  grave  302. 

Higlit,  Peter  A.,  mus.  out  with  Co.  Sept.  9,  '64. 

Hummel,    David,  mus.  out  with  Co.  Sept.  9,  '64. 

Hughes,  James,   mus.  out  with  Co.  Sept.  9,  '64. 

Hill,  Samuel,  mus.  out  with  Co.  Sept.  9,  '(34. 

Hopkins,  John   W.,  disch.  ou  Surg.  Cert.  Dec.  4,  '62. 

Heaton,  Smith,  mus.  in  Aug.  17,  '62,  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert. 
Dec.  8,  '62. 

Ham,  Eichard  W.,  tr.  to  Batt.  Sept.  9,  '64,  Yet. 

Houseman,  Samuel  S.,  tr.  to  Batt.  Sept.  9,  64,  mus.  out  as 
Sergt.  Co.  F,  June  20,  '65. 

Herene,  Edward,  mus.  in  July  27,  '63,  tr.  to  Batt.  Sept.  9,  '64. 

Ham,  Alfred  M.,  mus.  in  Feb.  8,  '64;  wd.  in  action  June  21, 
'64;  tr.  to  Batt.  Sept.  9,  '(34;  tr.  to  V.  K.  C.  June  15,  '65;  disch. 
by  Gen.  Ord.  July  17,  '65. 

Higginl)othani,  B.  K.,  discli.  on  Surg.  Cert.  March  15,  '63. 

Johns,  John,  not  on  mus.   out  roll. 

Johns,  Oliver,  mus.  out  with  Co.  Sept.  9,  '64. 

Jenkins,   Henry  S.,  disch.  on  Surg.   Cert.   Jan.   19,   '62. 

Johnston,  George  W.  L.,  mus.  in  Sept.  24,  '62;  tr.  to  Batt. 
Sept.  9,  '64;  mus.  out  with  Co.  F,  June  6,  '65. 

Jones,  AYilliam,  died  July  16,  '62;  burial  record  July  12,  '62, 
at  Alexandria,  Va.,  grave  81. 

Jones,   Oliver,  not  on   mus.   out  roll. 


388  IIISTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

Kennedy,  David,  mns.  in  March  8,  'G4,  Substitute;  abs.,  sick 
at  mns.  out. 

Kramer,    Phillip    L.,    mus.    in   Aug.    24.    'Gl,    disch.    on    Surg. 
Cert.  Jan.  4,  'G2. 

Kendall,  James  R.,  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert.  July  28,  'G2. 

Keigley,  George,  mus.  in  Sept.  24,  'G2,  disch.   by  order  Sec'y. 
of  War  May  2G,  'G3. 

Keigley,  Newton,  mus.  in  Sept.  24,  '62;   tr.  to  Batt.  Sept.  9, 
'64;  mus.  "out  with  Co.  F,  May  27,  '65. 

King,  Henry  B.,  tr.  to  Vet.  Res.  Corps,  1863. 
'^ — Keener,   David    L.,    mus.    in  Sept.   24,  '62;  died  July  13,  '63, 
bur.  at  Alexandria;  grave  883. 

Kiebal,  Frederick  W.,  mus.  in  July  17,  '63,  died  Dec.  29,  '63. 

Kridel,  Frederick  W.,  not  on  mus.  out  roll. 

Lucas,  Simeon  S.,  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert.  Sept.   18,  '63, 

Long,  Milton,  mus.  in  Aug.   24,   '61,  disch.  by  Sec'y  of  War, 
Sp.  Or.  No.  52,  March  8,  '64^ 

Lightner,  Josiali,  mus.  in  Dec.  19,  '63,  tr.  to  Batt.  Sept.  9,  '64. 
V  McFarland,  John  F.,  mus.  out  with  Co.  Sept.  9,  '64. 

Midlam,  Enoch  W.,  mns.  out  with  Co.  Sept.  9,    '64. 

Mercer,  Martin  V.  B.,  mus.  out  with  Co.    Sept.  9,  '64 

McCullough,  John  F.,  disch.  by  order  of  Sec'y.    of    AVar  Jan. 
16,  '62. 

McClelland,  Wm.  II.,  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert.  Feb.  16,  '63. 

McClelland,  George  W.,  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert.  Feb.  16,  '63. 

May  horn,  Nelson,  tr.   to  I'att.  Sept.  9,  '64;  Yet. 

Mitchel,  Jacob,  mus.  in  Sept.  24,  '62;  tr.  to  Batt.  Sept.  9, '64; 
mus.  out  with  Co.  F  May  27,  '65. 

Maple,  David,  mus.  in  Sept.  24,  '62,  tr.  to  Batt.  Sept.  9,  '64. 

Mayes,  Samuel,  mus.  in   Oct.  20,  '()3,  tr.  to  Batt.   Sept.  9,  '64. 

McGlumphey,  William,  mus.  in    March   25,    '64,    tr.    to    Batt. 
Sept.  9,  '64. 

Moulter,  Daniel,  mus.  in  Feb.  8,  '64,  tr.  to  Batt.  Sept.  9,  '64. 

Murdock,  Abner,  mus.  in  March  30,  '(54,  killed  in  action  July,  12, 
'64. 

Mairs,  Samuel,  not  on  mus.  out  roll. 

Neff,  John,  mus.  out  with  Co.  Sept.  9,  '64. 

Nutt,  Thomas  II.,  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert.  Dec.  16,  '62. 

Neff,  Abraham,  tr.  to  Batt.  Sept.  9,  '64;  Yet. 

Nearhoff,  Abner,  mus.  in  Aug.  2,  '64;  tr.  to  Batt.  Sept.  9,  '64; 
mus.  out  with  Co.  F  May  27,  '65. 

Phillips,  Addison,  mus.  in  Nov.  2,  '63;  w^d.  May  10,   '64;   tr.  to 
Batt.  Sept.  9,  '64. 

Phillips,  Joseph  A.,  mus.  in  Dec.  14,   '63;   tr.  to  Batt.   Sept.  9, 
64;  mus.  out  in  Co.  F  by  G.  O.    July  29,  '65. 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  389 

Holeman,  Wm.  K.,  mus.  in  July  21,  '63;  missing  in  action  near 
Warrenton,'  Nov.  17,  '63. 

Ross,  Samuel,  mus.  out  with  Co.  Sept.  9,  '64. 

Ross,  Ira,  mus.  in  Aug.  24,  '61;  pris.  at  Brandy  Station,  Va., 
June  9,  '63;  wd.  June  21,  64;  mus.  out  with  Co.  Sept.  9,  '64. 

Rinehart,  David  H.,  mus.  out  with  Co.  Sept.  9,  '64. 

Rush,  William,  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert.  Jan.  7,  '63. 

Rush,  William  J.,  mus.  in  March  15,  '64,  tr.  to  Batt.  Sept  9,  '64. 

Rumhle,  James,  mus.  in  Sept.  24,  '62;  wd.  at  Brandy  Station 
June  9,  '63;  tr.  to  Batt.  Sept.  9,  '64. 

Shape,  Demas  J.,  mus.  out  with  Co.  Sept.  9,  '64. 

Simmons,  Richard  D.,  mus.  in  Auo;.  24,  '61;  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert. 
June  7,  '62. 

Shape,  John  M.,  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert.  June  7,  '62. 

Shape,  John  M.,  mus.  in  Feb.  27,  '64;  tr.  to  Batt.  Sept.  9,  '64. 

Shawmon,  John  W.,  mus.  in  March  25,  '64;  tr.  to  Batt.  Sept.  9, 
'64;  mus.  out  in  Co.  F,  June  6,  '65. 

Sams,  George  W.,  mus.  in  March  30,  '64;  tr.  to  Batt.  Sept.  9,  '64; 
diefl  Oct.  8,  '64,  bur.  j\at.  Cem.,  Arlington. 

Sams,  Henry,  Jr.,  mus.  in  March  30,  '64;  died  July  28,  '64. 

Seaton,  George  W.,  mus.  out  with  Co.  Sept.  9,  '()4. 

Shawmon,  John  F.,  mus.  out  with  Co.  Sept.  9,  '64. 

Simmars,  Stephen  D.,  not  on  mus.  out  roll. 

Steaton,  Smith,  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert.  Dec.  8,  '62. 

Toomey,  Isaiah  W.,  mus.  in  Aug.  31,  '()3;tr.  to  Batt.  Sept.  9,  '64. 

Tiernan,  Joshua,  mus.  in  March  30,  '6)4;  tr.  to  Batt.  Sept.  9,  '64. 

Teagarden,  George  W.,  killed  at  Mt.  Jackson,   Ya.,  June  3,  '62. 

Walters,  John  A.,  mus.  out  with  Co.  Sept.  9,  '64. 

Wood,  Henry  A.,  pr.  to  Com.  Sergt.  June  22,  '62. 

Young,  John  B.,  mus.  in  Feb.  27,  '64;  tr.  to  Batt.  Sept.   9,  '64. 

Yarkley,  William,  mus.  in  July  17,  '(53;  tr.  to  Batt.  Sept.  9,  '64. 

Zollars,  Richard  S.,  mus.  in  Sent.  24,  "(32;  tr.  to.  Batt.  Sept.  9, 
'64;  mus.  out  in  Co.  F,  May  27,  '65. 


390  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 


CHAPTER    XXVIII. 

Companies  F  and  G,  of  the  Eigiitv-fiftii  Pennsylvania  Infantry 

Kegiment. 

Organization — Yorktown  and  Williamsburg — Fair  Oaks — New- 
bern,  N.  C. — West  Creek — Kingston — White  Hall — Golds- 
BORO — Folly  Island,  S.  C. — Siege  Operations  before  Fort 
Wagner — Death  of  Col.  Purviance — Before  Petersburg — 
Deep  Bottom — Losses — Transfers — Mustered  Out — Records 
OF  THE  Men. 

COMPANY  F,  of  the  Eightj-Iifth  Pennsylvania  Infantry,  and  a 
portion  of  Company  G,  were  recruited  in  Greene  County.  The 
regiment  was  organized  on  the  12th  of  November,  1861,  by  the 
choice  of  the  following  officers:  Joshua  B.  Howell,  colonel;  Norton 
M'Giffin,  lieiitetiant-colonel;  and  Absalom  Guiler,  major.  During 
the  winter  the  regiment  was  engaged  in  drill  and  in  fatigue  duty, 
across  the  east  branch  of  the  Potomac,  in  the  construction  of  works 
for  the  defense  of  Washington.  In  the  spring  of  1802  it  moved  to 
Meridian  Hill,  and  was  brigaded  with  the  101st  and  103d  Pennsyl- 
vania regiments,  and  the  96th  New  York,  under  command  of  Gen- 
eral Wessells. 

In  the  Peninsula  campaign,  under  McClellan,  tlie  regiment  was 
engaged  in  the  siege  of  Yorktown,  and  in  the  battle  of  Williamsburg 
with  a  loss  of  two  wounded,  one  mortally.  At  Fair  Oaks,  on  the 
31st  of  May,  wdiile  engaged  in  fortifying  the  position,  it  was  vigor- 
ously attacked  by  the  enemy  under  General  Joseph  E.  Johnston.  The 
regiment  occupied  the  rille-pits  on  the  right  of  the  main  work,  a  re- 
doubt held  by  Hart's  battery.  General  Casey,  wdio  held  the  front 
was  vigorously  pushed,  but  made  a  stout  resistance,  throwing  grape 
and  canister  with  terrible  effect.  He  was  finally  obliged  to  retire  to 
his  supports.  In  the  seven  days'  battles  which  ensued,  which  resulted 
in  the  change  of  base  by  McClellan  from  the  Chickahominy  to  the 
James,  the  regiment  was  not  actively  engaged.  When  McClellan 
evacuated  the  Peninsula,  and  went  to  the  support  of  Pope  before 
Washington,  Keyes'  corps,  the  Fourth,  to  which  the  regiment  be- 
longed, remained  on  duty  at  Fortress  Monroe. 

On  the  5th  of  December,  1862,  Wessell's  brigade  was  ordered  to 
Newberne,  North  Carolina,  to  reinforce  Foster,  and  upon    its  arrival 


HISTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  391 

joined  in  an  expedition  to  destroy  a  rebel  gun  boat  on  the  Neuse, 
break  up  the  raih-oad  bridge  near  Goldsboro,  and  make  a  diversion 
in  favor  of  JJurnside  at  Fredericksburg.  At  West  Creek  the  enemy 
was  found  ready  to  dispute  the  passage.  Wessells  ]iad  the  advance, 
and  throwing  the  Eigth-tifth  to  the  right  of  the  road,  and  Ninth  New 
Jersey  to  the  left,  crossed  the  stream  and  advanced  upon  the  flanks  of 
the  enemy's  position,  compelling  a  hasty  retreat.  Two  pieces  of  ar- 
tiller}'  and  a  number  of  prisoners  were  the  fruits  of  victory.  On  the 
following  morning  the  command  moved  forward,  Wessells  upon  the 
left,  and  soon  came  upon  the  enemy  in  the  well  made  fortifications  of 
Kingston.  But  by  pushing  through  a  swamp,  thought  to  be  inacces- 
sible, they  entered  at  the  side  lett  open,  and  immediately  charged  in 
face  of  a  hot  lire,  and  soon  put  the  enemy  to  rout.  A  brisk  skirm- 
ish was  had  at  White  TIall,  and  on  the  ITtli  the  defenders  of  the 
bridge  at  Goldsboro  were  swept  back  and  the  destruction  of  the 
bridge,  the  main  object  of  the  expedition,  was  effected. 

Towards  the  close  of  January,  1803,  General  Foster  was  ordered 
with  a  part  of  his  army  to  proceed  to  South  Carolina,  to  co-oper- 
ate with  General  Hunter  in  his  opei-ations  against  Charleston.  Col- 
onel Howell  now  had  command  of  the  brigade,  and  Lieutenant-Col- 
onel Purviance  of  the  regiment.  At  the  head  of  Folly  Island  the 
troops  witnessed  the  first  bombardment  of  Fort  Sumter,  by  Admiral 
Dupont.  In  June,  1863,  General  Hunter  was  superceded  by  Gen- 
eral Gilmore.  To  possess  Morris  Island  it  was  necessary  to  erect 
powerful  batteries  at  the  north  end  of  Folly  Island.  AVhile  at  this 
work  the  dense  underbrush  shielded  the  working  parties  from  view. 
In  this  duty  the  85th  shared,  working  by  night,  and  watching  by  day. 
AVhen  all  was  ready  the  obstructions  were  cleared  away,  and  fire 
opened  from  forty-four  heavy  guns.  An  assault  followed  by  which 
the  enemy's  first  line  of  works  was  cleared,  but  Fort  Wagner,  the 
main  work,  still  held  out.  Gilmore  determined  to  reduce  it  by  regu- 
lar siege  approaches.  "Ground  was  broken  on  the  21st  of  July,  and 
the  work,  which  was  terribly  exhausting,  was  pushed  forward  with 
the  utmost  vigor,  day  and  night;  neither  the  heat  of  a  tropical 
climate,  nor  the  missiles  of  a  vigilant  foe,  were  allowed  to  interfere 
with  the  labor.  On  the  20th  of  August  the  85tli  Pennsylvania, 
100th  New  York,  and  the  3d  New  Hampshire,  were  detailed  to  oc- 
cupy the  advanced  trenches,  each  twenty-four  hours  in  turn.  The 
trenches  were  shallow,  and  aftbrded  little  protection  from  the  enemy's 
fire.  On  the  left  were  his  powerful  guns  on  James  Island  and  in 
Fort  Johnson;  in  front  those  of  Sumter,  Gregg  and  Wagner;  and 
on  the  right  Fort  Moultrie.  The  nights  were  damp  and  cold,  and 
during  the  day  the  thermometer  stood  100°  in  the  shade.  The  casu- 
alties were  numerous,  and  the  sick  list  increased  with  alarming  rapid- 
ity.    The  85th  took  its  turn  in  this  terrible  ordeal,  and  on  the  21st 


392  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

had  one  killed  and  twenty  wounded,  three  mortally;  on  the  24th,  one 
killed  and  seven  wounded,  one  mortally;  on  the  27th,  two  killed 
and  eight  wounded,  three  mortally;  on  the  30th,  four  killed  and 
eight  wounded,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Purviance  being  of  the  number 
killed;  on  the  2d  of  September,  live  wounded,  one  mortally."  The 
85th  with  an  aggregate  strength  of  451  on  going  upon  the  outer 
works,  could  muster  but  270  fit  for  duty  when  recalled.  Two  at- 
tempts to  surprise  and  capture  Fort  Gregg  proving  unsuccessful. 
General  Gilmore  determined  to  again  attempt  to  take  it  by  assault. 
But  the  bombardment  by  sea  and  land  for  forty  hours  induced  the 
enemy  to  retire,  and  the  island  was  occupied. 

Upon  the  death  of  Colonel  Purviance,  Major  Campbell  was  made 
Lieutenant-Colonel,  and  Captain  Abraham,  Major.  Active  operations 
were  continued  until  the  middle  of  April,  1864,  when  the  Tenth 
corps  was  ordered  north  to  reinforce  the  Army  of  the  James.  The 
85th  was  of  the  first  brigade,  Howell's,  lirst  division,  Terry's.  The 
usual  service  of  fortifying  and  picket  duty  continued  until  the  20th, 
when  Howell's  brigade  was  ordered  to  charge  and  drive  out  the 
enemy  in  front.  This  was  gallantly  and  successfully  executed,  but 
with  a  loss  of  two  killed  and  twenty-one  wounded.  The  rebel 
General  Walker  was  wounded  and  taken  prisoner. 

On  the  14th  of  June,  Grant's  troops  began  to  cross  the  James, 
and  the  Tenth  corps  took  possession  of  the  works  between  the  James 
and  the  Appomattox.  The  enemy  soon  pressed  heavily  in  front  ot 
Howell,  and  the  fighting  was  of  unusual  severity.  Finally  the  Union 
line  was  pushed  back  to  the  original  line  of  battle.  The  loss  of  the 
85th  was  five  killed  and  two  wounded.  In  the  expedition  to  Deep 
Bottom,  which  was  made  on  the  13th  of  August,  in  which  the  Second 
and  Tenth  corps  engaged  the  corps  of  Longstreet  and  Hill,  the  85th 
had  two  killed  and  nineteen  wounded,  five  mortally.  In  the  affair 
of  the  16th,  Terry's  division  was  hotly  engaged,  the  85th  participating 
in  a  charge,  in  which  the  enemy,  by  withholding  his  fire  while  pro- 
tected by  works,  was  able  to  deliver  it  in  a  manner  to  produce 
great  destruction,  the  regiment  losing  nine  killed  and  fifty-four 
wounded.  In  the  operations  on  the  south  side  of  the  Appomattox 
by  Terry's  troops  the  regiment  participated,  sustaining  slight  losses, 
until  the  14tli  of  October,  when  the  veterans  and  recruits  were  trans- 
ferred to  the  188th,  and  on  the  22d  of  November  it  was  mustered 
out  of  service. 

Company    F,  Eighty-fifth  Infantry  Regiment. 

Recruited  in  Greene  County,  mustered  in  October  16,  1861. 
John  Morris,  Capt.  mus.  in  Nov.  11,  '61;  disch.  June  23,  '62. 
Nicholas  Hager,  Capt.  pr.  to  1st  Lieut.  Jan.   3,  '62;  to  Capt,  June 
23,  '62;  disch.  March  9,  '63. 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  303 

Levi  M.  Kogers,  Capt.  pr.  from  Sergt.  to  2d  Lieut.  June  23,  '62; 
to  1st  Lieut.  July  7,  '63;  to  Capt.  Aug.  8,  '64;  died  Sept.  4,  of  wds. 
rec'd  at  Deep  Bottom  Aug.  16,  '61,  bur.  in  Nat.  Asy.  Cem.  Sec.  B., 
grave  1. 

Eosberry  Sellers,  1st  Lieut,  discli.  Nov.  28,  '61. 

John  Remlej^,  1st  Lieut,  mus.  in  JSTov.  11,  '61;  pr.  fr.  2d  Lieut. 
June  23,  '62;  disch.  July  6,  '63. 

Elmore  A.  Russell,  1st  Lieut,  mus.  in  Feb.  1,  '64;  pr.  fr.  1st 
Sergt.  Aug.  9,  '62;  com.  Capt.  July  21,  '64;  not  mus.;  wd.  Aug.  16, 
'64;  disch.  Jan.  28,  '65;  Vet. 

James  E.  Sayers,  1st  Sergt. ;  absent  on  detached  serv.  at  mus.  out. 

Zachariah    C.Ragan,  Sergt;  mus.  out  with  Co.  Nov.  22,  '64. 

James  B.  Lindsey,  Sergt.;  mus.  in  Nov.  11,  '61;  discli.  Feb  20,  '62. 

Joseph  Silveus,  Sergt.;  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert. 

Isaac  D.  Haveley,  Sergt.;  mus.  in  Feb.  1,  '64;  wd.  Aug.  16,  '64; 
tr.  to  Co.  H,  188tli  Regt.  P.  Y.  June  28,  '65;  Vet. 

Rinehart  B.  Church,  Sergt.  mus.  in  P^eb.  1,  '64;  wd.  Aug.  15,  '64; 
tr.  to  Co.  H,  188th  Regt.  P.  V.  June  28,  '65;  Vet. 

Thomas  J.  White,  Sergt.;  mus.  in  Feb.  4,  '64;  absent  on  detached 
service  at  mus.  out;  Vet. 

Oliver  M.  Long,  Sergt.;   died  at  AVhite  House,  Va.,  June  12,  '62. 

Alonzo  Lightner,  Sergt.;  mus.  in  Feb.  1,  '64;  pr.  to  Sergt.  Nov. 
18,  '62;  killed  at  Deep  Bottom,  Aug.  16,  '64;  Vet. 

Jefferson  H.  Zane,  Corp.;  mus.  in  Nov^.  11,  '61;  absent,  sick  at 
mus.  out. 

Ryerson  Kinney,  Corp.;  absent,  on  detached  service  at  mus.  out. 

William  H.  Hoskinson,  Corp.;  mus.  in  Nov.  11,  '61;  mus.  out  with 
Co.  Nov.  22,  '64. 

John  Morraan,  Corp.;  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert.  May  26,  '62. 

William  C.  Leonard,  Corp.;   disch.  on  Surg.  Cert.  July  4,  '63. 

Thomas  Hoge,  Corp.;  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert.  May  26,  '62. 

Hiram  Weaver,  Corp.;  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert.,  date  unknown. 

James  N.  Derbins,  Corp.;  mus.  in  Feb.  1,  '64;  wd.  Oct.  13,  '64; 
tr.  to  Co.  H,  188th  Regt.  P.  V.  June  28,  '65;  Vet. 

Thomas  M.  Sellers,  Corp.;  mus.  in  Feb.  1,  '64;  wd.  Aug.  16,  '64; 
tr.  to  Co.  H,  188th  Regt.  P.  V.  June  28,  '65;  Vet. 

Thomas  P.  Rodgers,  Corp.;  mus.  in  Aug.  28,  '62;  pr.  to  Corp. 
June  29,  '64;  killed  at  Deep  Bottom,  Va.,  Aug.  16,  '64. 

Daniel  Swan,  musician,  mus.  out  with  Co.  Nov.  22,  '64. 

James  McCuen,  musician;  mus.  in  Dec.  16,  '61;  mus.  out  with 
Co.  Nov.  22,  '64. 

Argo,  Simeon,  died  at  Morris  Island,  So.  Carolina,  Sept.  3,  '63. 

Armer,  Strosnider,  des,  date  unknown. 

Bryner,  James,  mus.  in  Nov.  11,  '61;  mus.  out  with  Co.  Nov.  22, 
'64. 


394  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

Burk,  Noah,  discli.  date  niiknown. 

Babbitt,  Joseph,  mus.  in  Nov.  11,  '61;  disch.  May  12,  '63. 

Burroughs,  Jolm  B.,  mus.  in  Marcli  26,  '(>4;  tr.  to  Co.  II,  188tli 
Regt.  P.  v.,  June  28,  '65. 

Bissett,  Jeremiali,  mus.  in  Jan.  20,  '64;  died  at  Hampton,  Va., 
Oct.  21,  '64;  bur.  in  Nat.  Cem.,  Hampton,  Sec.  C,  grave  32,  under 
name  of  J.  Bussulh 

Bissett,  Albert,  mus.  in  Jan.  20,  '64;  died  at  Beverly,  N.  J.,  Aug. 

27,  of  wds.  rec'd  at  Petersburg,  Va.,  June  17,  '64. 
Chapman,  Charles,  mus.  out  with  Co.  Nov.  22,  '64. 
Cheney,  Jesse,  disch.  for  wds.  Nov.  23,  rec'd  June  10,  '65. 
Church,  Franklin,  mus.  in  Aug.   28,   '62;   disch.   by   Gen.   Order, 

June  10,  '65. 

Church,  George,  mus.  in  Feb.  24,  '64;  tr.  to  Co.  II,  188th  Regt. 
P.  Y.  June  28,  '()5. 

Cree,  Alexander  D.,  mus.  in  Aug.  28,  '62;  wd.  at  Deep  Bottom, 
Va.,  Aug.  16,  '64;  disch.  by  Gen.  Order  May  13,  '65. 

Cooper,  James  E.,  mus.  in  Oct.  22,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  11.,  188th  Regt. 
P.  V.  June  28,  '65. 

Clouse,  John,  mus.  in  Jan.  20,  '64;  tr.  to  Co.  II.,  188th  Regt.  P. 
V.  June  28,  '65. 

Cartwright,  Jesse  L.,  mus.  in  Aug.  22,  '64;  died  at  Hampton,  Ya., 
Oct.  4,  '64;  bur.  in  Nat.  Cem.,  Hampton,  Sec.  8,  grave  14. 

Cowen,  John,  mus.  in  Nov.  11,  '61;  died  at  Washington,  D.  C; 
bur.  Mil.  Asylum  Cem.,  D.  C. 

Crouse,  Nathan,  mus.  in  Nov.  11, '61;  died;  date  unknown. 

Crouse,  William,  died  June  11,  '62;  bur.  in  Mil.  Asylum  Cem. 
D.  C. 

Davis,  Benjamin,  mus.  out  with  Co.  Nov.  22,  '64. 

Duvall,  Elias,  died  at  Beaufort,  So.  Carolina,  Sept.  11,  '63,  of  wds. 
rec'd  at  Fort  Wagner. 

Earnest,  Jacob,  absent  on  detached   service  at  mus.  out. 

Engle,  Solomon,  mus.  in  Nov.  4,  '61;  mus.  out  with  Co.  Nov. 
22,  '64. 

Estrep,  Cornelius,  mus.  in  Nov.  11,  '61;  died  at  Philadelphia, 
Aug  7,  of  wds.  rec'd  at  Fair  Oaks,  Ya.,  May  31,  '62. 

Fry,  Thomas  R.,  mus.  out  with  Co.  Nov.''22.  '64. 

Fordyce,  William,  mus.  out  with  Co.  Nov.  22,  '64. 
-   '  Fordyce,  John,  disch.;  date  unknown. 

Fry,  David,  mus.  in   Jan.   5,  '64;   tr.  to  Co.  II,  188th  P.  Y.  June 

28,  '65. 

Fry,  Henry,  mus.  out  Feb.  1,  '64;  wd.  Aug.  21,  '62;  killed  near 
Peterburg,  Ya.,  June  17,  '64;  Yet. 

Graham,  John  P.,  mus.  in  Nov.  11,  '61;  mus.  out  with  Co.  Nov. 
22,  '64. 


'/^ 


^ 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  397 

Gilbert,  Eliel,  nius.  out  with  Co.  Nov.  22,  'G4. 

Garrison,  Thomson,  absent  on  detached  service  at  mus.  out. 

Gladen,  William  11.,  disch.;  date  unknown. 

Gray,  Isaac,  mus.  in  Feb.  1,  "64;  wd.  Aug.  3,  '61;  absent,  on  de- 
tached service  at  mus.  out. 

Hickman,  George  F.,  mus.  out  with  Co.  Nov.  22,  '64. 

Hummel,  William,  mus.  out  with  Co.  Nov.  22,  '64. 

Hays,  George  W.,  mus.  in  Nov.  11,  '61;  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert.  April 
16,  '62. 

Hoffmann,  James,  mus.  in  Feb.  1,  '64;  tr.  to  Co.  H,  188th  P.  V. 
June  28, '64;  Vet. 

Hoffman,  Jacob,  mus.  in  Feb.  1,  '64;  absent  on  detached  service 
at  mus.  out. 

Henderson,  William,  mus.  in  Jan.  25,  '64;  tr.  to  Co.  H,  188th 
Regt.  P.  V.  June  28,  '65. 

Hunt,  Josephus,  mus.  in  Nov.  11,  '65;  died  at  Beaufort,  So.  Caro- 
lina, Oct.  12,  '63,  of  wds.  rec'd  at  Fort  Wagner;  bur.  record  Sept. 
29,  '63. 

Hathaway,  Adolph,  mus.  in  Feb.  '64;  killed  at  Cold  Harbor,  June 
3,  '64;  bur.  in  Nat.  Cem.  City  Point,  Sec.  A,  Div.  1,  grave  4  or  62; 
Vet. 

Johnston,  Francis  M.,  died  at  AVhite  House,  Va.,  June  19,  '62. 

Johnson,  Nicholas,  died  at  N.  Y.  Oct.  16,  '62;  bur.  in  Cypress 
Hill  Cem.,  L.I. 

Knight,  James,  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert.  Sept.  12,  '62. 

Kimble,  Jackson,  mns.  in  Feb.  4,  '64;  absent  on  detached  service 
at  mus.  out. 

Leonard,  Harvey,  mus.  in  Nov.  11,  '61;  mus.  out  with  Co.  Nov. 
22,  '64. 

Loiighman,  Henry,  absent  on  detached  service  at  mus.  out. 

Lewis,  George  F.,  disch.  Oct.  20,  '62. 

Longdon,  Morgan,  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert.  Oct.  11,  '62. 

Leonard,  Wm.  E.,  mus.  in  Feb.  4,  '64;  absent  on  detached  service 
at  mus.  out. 

Mitchell,  Andrew  J.,  mus.  out  in  Co.  Nov.  22,  '64. 

Martin,  Perry  W.,  mus.  in  Nov.  10,  '61;  wd.  Aug.  16,  '64;  mus. 
out  with  Co.  Nov.  22,  '64. 

Mitchell,  Jonathan,  disch.  date  unknown,  for  wds.  rec'd  Aug.  15, 
'64. 

Martin,  Silas  W.,  mus.  in  Sept.  9,  '62;  wd.  Aug.  16,  '64;  disch.  bv 
Gen.  Order  May  13,  '65. 

Montgomery,  John,  mus.  in  Aug.  13,  '62;  disch.  by  Gen.  Order 
May  13,  '65. 

Montgomery,  William,  mus.  in  Oct.  22,  '62;  absent  on  detached 
service  at  mus.  out. 

20 


398  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

Moore,  Carl,  miis.  in  March  26,  '64;  tr.  to  Co.  H,  188th  Regt.  P, 
V.  June  28,  '65. 

Moore,  Samuel  11. ,  mus.  in  March  26,  '64;  tr.  to  Co.  H,  188th 
Regt.  P.  Y.  June  28,  '65. 

Miirdy,  John,  mus.  in  Aug.  22,  '64;  disch.  bj  Gen.  Order,  June 
10,  '65. 

Martin,  James  M.,  mus.  in  Nov.  11,  '61;  died  at  Point  Look  Out^ 
Md.,  Oct.  6,  '62. 

Morris,  Andrew  J.,  mus.  in  Jan.  5,  64;  died  at  Hilton  Head,  S.  C 
April  18,  '64;  Vet. 

McMullin,  William,  mus.  out  with  Co.  Nov.  22,  '64. 

McCracken,  Thomas,  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert.  July  4,  '63. 

McGlurphy,  Harvey,  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert.,  date  unknown. 

McGary,  Spencer,  mus.  in  Nov.  11,  '61;  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert.  Jan, 
31,  '63. 

McGumphrey,  W.,  mus.  in  Nov.  11,  '61;  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert. 
Oct.  30,  '62. 

McDonald,  Alfred,  mus.  in  Feb.  1,  '64;  died  at  Hampton,  Ya.» 
Oct.  10,  '64;  Yet.;  bur.  in  Nat.  Cem.  Sec.  D.,  grave  22. 

Nelson,  LaFayette,  died  May  23,  '62;  bur.  in  Mil.  Asy.  Cem.  D.  C. 

Ott,  Ezra,  mus.  in  Jan.  20,  '64;  tr.  to  Co.  H,  188th  Regt.  P.  Y. 
June  28,  '65. 

Ott,  Salem,  mus.  in  March  31.  '64;  tr.  to  Co.  H.,  188th  Regt.  P. 
Y.June  28,  '65. 

Pettitt,  Henry,  mus.  in  Nov.  11,  '61;  mus.  out  with  Co.  Nov. 
12,  '64. 

Plants,  Ma.Kwell,  mus.  out  with  Co.  Nov.  22,  '64. 

Packer,  Wm.  F.,  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert.  Aug.  1,  '63. 

Pettitt,  George,  mus.  in  Feb.  1,  '64;  wd.  Aug.  24,  '63,  and  Aug. 
14,  '64;  tr.  to  Co.  H.  188th  Regt.  P.  Y.  June  28,  '65;  Yet. 

Patterson,  Joseph,  died  at  Malvern  Hill,  Ya.  July  1,  '62. 

Riggs,  AVilliam,  mus.  out  with  Co.  Nov.  22,  '64. 

Rinehart,  Morgan,  mus.  in  Nov.  11,  '61;  absent,  on  detached  serv- 
ice at  mus.  out. 

Richard,  Lewis,  missing  in  action  at  Fair  Oaks,  Ya.,  May  31,  '62. 

Roseberry,  Thomas,  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert.  Feb.  12,  '63. 

Riggs,  Peter,  disch.,  date  unknown. 

Roach,  George,  mus.  in  Jan.  20,  '64;  disch.  June  23,  '64. 

Rush,  John,  mus.  in  Feb.  1,  '64;  tr.  to  Co.  H,  188th  Regt.  P.  Y. 
June  28,  '65;  Yet. 

Riger,  John,  mus., in  Feb.  1,  '64;  tr.  to  Co.  H,  188th  Regt.  P.  Y. 
June  28,  "65;  Yet. 

Rinehart,  Thomas,  mus.  in  Feb.  1,  '64;  tr.  to  Co.  II,  188th  Regt. 
P.  Y.  June  28, '65;  Yet. 


IIISTOKY    OF    C.REP:NE    COUNTY.  399 

Rinehart,  Meeker,  died  at   Annapolis  Julv  9,  of  wds.  rec'd   May 
31, '62. 

Scott,  iVbijah  M.,  abs.  on  detached  service  at  mus.  out. 

Scott,  Listen,  nius.  in  Feb.  1,  '64;  pris.  fr.  May  16,  '64,  to  April 
21,  '65;  dischg.  July  5,  '65;  Vet. 

Sutton,  John,  mns.  in  Nov.  11,   '61;  dischg.  on  Surg.  Cert.   May 
26,  '62. 

Smith,  James    E.,  mus.  in  Mar.   11,  '62;  dischg.  on  Surg.  Cert. 
Sept.  12,  '62. 

Seabold,  William  II.,  mus.  in  Feb.   1,  '64;  abs.  on    detached  ser- 
vice at  mus.  out. 

Sellers,  John,  mns.  in  Aug.  28,  '62;  dischg.  on  Gen.  Order,  June 
10,  '65. 

Smith,  Ezra,  mus.  in  Nov.  11,  '61;  died  May  29,  '62;  buried  in 
Mil.  Asylum  Cemetery,  D.  C. 

Smith,  Anthony  A.,  mus.  in  Mar.  6,  '62;  died  at  Point  Lookout, 
Oct.  25,  '62. 

Thompson,  Samuel,  mus.  in   Nov.  11,    '61;  mus.  out    with   Co., 
Nov.  22,  '64. 

Thomas,  William,  dischg.   date   unknown. 

Teagarden,  Isaac,  mus.  in  Nov.  11,  '61;  dischg.  date  unknown. 

Taylor,  Levi,  mus.  in  Feb.  Fel).  24,  '64;  abs.  on  detached  service 
at  mus.  out. 

Thomas,  Samuel,  mus.  in  Apr.  8,  '64;  died  Feb.  18,  '65;  buried 
in  Nat.  Cem.,  City  Point,  Ya.,  Sec.  A,  div.  3,  grave  129. 

Terrel,  George  W.,  mus.  in  Aug.  22,  '64;  dischg.  by  Gen.  Order, 
June  10,  '65. 

Vandivender,  Eli,  mus.  in  Aug.  13,  '62;  wd.  Aug.  24,  '63;  dischg. 
by  Gen.  Order,  June  10,  '65. 

West,  Jacob,  mus.  in  Nov.  11, '61;  mus.  out  with  Co.,  Nov.  22,'64. 

Wiseman,  George,  mus.  in  Jan.  20,  '64;  missing  as  Deep  Bottom, 
Ya.,  Aug.  16,  '64. 

Weaver,  Jacob,  dischg.  on  Sur.  Cert.,  July  9,  '62. 

Winger,  John  M.,   mus.  in  Feb.  24,  '64;  dischg.  on  Surg.  Cert., 
Sept.  26,  '62. 

Wiseman,  John,  mns.  in    Aug.    22,  '64;  disch.    by  Gen.  Order, 
June  10,  '65. 

West,  Samuel,  died  at  Harrison's  Landing,  Ya.,  July  26,  '62. 

Wilkinson,  A.  J.,  died  at  Point  Lookout,  Md.,  May  26,  of  wds. 
reed.  May  20,  '64. 

Company  G,  Eiguty- fifth  Infantry  Regiment. 

Recruited  in  Greene  County,  mustered  in  Nov,  6,  1861. 
Isaac  M.  Abraham,   Capt.  pr.    to  Major,  Apr.  28,  '64;  wd.  near 
Deep  Bottom,  Ya.,  Aug.  15,  '64;  mus.  out  with  Reg.,  Nov.  22,  '64. 


400  IIISTOllY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

John  A.  Gordon,  1st  Lieut.,  com,  Capt.  Sept.  8,  '63;  not  mus; 
mus.  out  with  Co.  Nov.  22,  '64. 

John  F.  Crawford,  2d  Lieut.,  resigned  March  10,  '64. 

Benoni  S.  Gihnore,  1st  Sergt.  mus.  in  Oct.  15,  '61;  pr.  to  Sergt. 
March  1,  '63;  to  1st  Sergt.;  mus.  out  with  Co.  Nov.  22,  '64. 

David  R.  Graham,  1st  Sergt,,  disch,  on  Surg,  Cert,  Nov.  22,  '(52. 

Marquis  L.  Gordon,  Sergt.,  pr.  to  Corp.  March  1,  '63;  to  Sergt. 
Nov.  1,  '63;  mus.  out  with  Co.  Nov.  22,  '64. 

Hiram  Gordon,  Sergt. ;  pr.  to  Sergt.  Nov.  1,  '64;  abs,  on  detached 
Serv,,  at  mus.  out. 

Jesse  E,  Jones,  Sergt.;  mus.  in  Oct.  20,  '61;  wd.  Aug.  14,  '64; 
pr.  to  Sergt.  Nov.  1,  '64;  mus.  out  with  Co.  Nov.  22,  '64. 

Robert  II.  Ross,  mus.  in  Oct.  22,  '61;  wd.  Aug.  30,  '63;  disch. 
on  Surg.  Cert.  May  11,  '64. 

James  R.  Core,  mus.  in  Oct.  15,  '61;  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert.  Feb. 
6,  '63. 

Benj.  F.  Campbell,  mus.  in  March  17,  '62;  pr.  to  Corp.  Nov,  1, 
'63,  to  Sergt.  Sept,  1,  '64;  abs.  on  detached  service  at  mus.  out. 

Francis  M.  Rush,  Sergt.,  died  at  Hampton,  Va.,  Aug,  19,  of  wds, 
reed.  Aug.  16,  '64. 

-Myers  P.  Titus,  Sergt.,  mus.  in  Oct.  15,  '61;  died  at  Hampton, 
Va.,  Oct.,  '64,   of  wds.  reed,  in  action. 

William  Pitcock,  Corp.,  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert.  Nov.  21,   '62. 

George  A.  Burchinal,  Corp,  mus.  in  Oct.  15,  '61,  died  at  York- 
town,  Va.,  June  10,  '62. 

James  Sturgis,  Corp.,  died  at  Beverly,  N.  J.,  Nov.  6,  of  wds. 
reed.  Aug.   16,  '64. 

Harrison  H.  Hoge,  Corp.,  died  Aug.  '62;  bur.  record  Sept,  25, 
'62;  bur.   in  Cypress  Hill  Cem.  L.  I.,  grave  437. 

Thomas  S.  Knisely,  Corp.,  died  at  Suffolk,   Va.,  Nov.  4,  '62. 

George  W.  Kenny,  Corp,,  Nov,  1,  '63,  killed  at  Bermuda  Hun- 
dred Va,^  May  20,  '64;  bur.  in  Nat.  Cem.,  City  Point,  Sec.  A,  Div. 
1;  Vet. 

Adam  M'Gill,  musician,  mus.  out  with  Co.  Nov.  22,  '64. 

Hiram  Hickman,  musician,  died  at  Crany  Island,  Va.,  Sept. 
13,  '62. 

Atchison,  Henry  K,,  absent,  wounded  at  mus,  out. 

Bare,  Baker,  mus.  in  Nov,  6,  '61,  disch.  on  Surg,  Cert.  Dec, 
29,  '62, 

Black,  Lindsay,  mus,  in  Jan,  5,  '64;  wd,  Aug,  16,  '64;  tr,  to 
Co.  G,  188th  Regt.  P,  V,,  June  25,  '65;  Vet. 

Bovid,  William,  mus.  in  Feb.  12,  '(52;  absent  on  detached  ser. 
at  mus.  out. 

Bowers,  William  II,,  died  at  Beaufort,  S,  C,  Sept.  4,  '63,  of 
wds,  reed,  in  action. 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  401 

Jjarnes,  Jesse,   died  May  12,   '62;  buried  in  Nat.  Cern.,  York- 
town,  Va.,  Sec.  C,  grave  206. 

Beard,  George  C,  inns,  in  Oct.  24,    '61;  died  April  9,  '62;  bn. 
in  Nat.  Cem.,  Yorktown,  Va.,  Sec.  B,  grave  231. 

Cline,  John  L.,  wd.   Sept.   2,   '63;  mustered   out  with  Co.  Nov^ 
22,  '64. 

Cumlej,  John  G.,  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert.  Maj  9,  '63. 

Conrad,  Alexander,  disch.  Oct.  22,  '64,  expiration  of  term. 

Cole,  Jacob,  died  near  Bichtuond,  Va.,  June  6,  '62. 

Dean,  William,  raus.  in  Oct.  24,  '64;  mus.  out   witli  Co.  Nov. 
22,  '64. 

David,   Wells  E.,  mus,   in   Oct.    15,   '61;    died    at   White  Oak 
Swamp,  Va.,  June  23,  '62. 

Dickson,  Philaus  E.,  mus.  in  Oct.  25,  '61;  died  at  Washington, 
D.  C,  May  25,  '62;  bur.  in  Military  Cem. 

Eberhart,  Martin  L.,  mus.  out  with  Co.  Nov.  22,  '64. 

Enrix,  Charles  M.  B.,  mus.   in  Oct.  15,  '61;  absent,  sick  at  mus. 
out. 

Eberhart.  William,  mus.  in  Feb.  11,  '62;  abs.  on  detaclied  serv. 
at  mus.  out. 

French,  Isaac,  mus.  in  Oct.   15,   '61;  disch.   on  Surg.  Cert.  Feb. 
20,  '62. 

Greene,  William  P.,   mus.    in   Oct.    15,    '61;  mus.   out  with  Co. 
Nov.  22,  '64. 

Graham.   William   A.,   wd.   Aug.    16,  '64;    mus.    out  with  Co. 
Nov.  22,  '64. 

Goodwin,  David  S.,  mus.  in   Oct.   15.   '61;  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert. 
1802. 

Gray,  James,  mus.  in   Oct.    15.    't)l;  disch.    Nov.   17,   '()4;  exp. 
term. 

Gabler,  Philarus  E.,  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert.  Aug.  5,  '63. 

Graham,  John,  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert.  Aug.  18,  '62. 

Griffin,  Charles  A.,  mus.  in  Oct.  15,  '61;  tr.  to  Sig.  Corps.  Sept. 
7,  '63. 

Gooden,  David,  raus.  in   Feb.    12,  '64;  tr.  to  Co.  G,  188th  Begt. 
P.  v.,  June  28,  '65. 

Gehoe,  Benjamin,  died  at  Hampton,  Va..  June  14,  '64,  of  wds. 
reed,  in  action. 

Gregg,  John,  des.  Nov..  1861. 

Grove,  David  L.,  mus.  in  Oct.   25,   '61;  absent  on   furlough   at 
mus.  out. 

Ilayden,  Caleb  F.,  absent,   sick   at  mus.  out. 

Ilonsacker,  Nicholas,  mus.  in  Oct.  15,   '61;  mus.  out  with  Co. 
Nov.  22,  '64. 

Harden,   John   P.,  mus.  out  with  Co.  Nov.  22,  '64. 


402  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

Hunter,  Isaac,  mus.  in  Oct.  25,  '61;  absent,  sick  at  nius.  out. 

llayden,   Henry  M.,  mus.  in    Oct.    15,    '61;    discli.    on    Surg. 
Cert.  1862. 

llanev,  Wm.  H.,  mus.  in  March  4,  '62;  discli.  on  Surg.  Cert. 
1862. 

Husk,  Frederick,  mus.  in  Oct.   15,  '61;  died  at  Baltimore,  Md., 
July  16,  '62. 

Huss,  James,  mus.  in  Oct.  15,  '61;  des.  June  30,  '62. 

Hoft'man,  George,  des.  Nov.  '61. 

Jacobs,  Josephus,  mus.  out  with  Co.  Nov.  22,  '65. 

Jenkins,  Andrew  J.,   mus.  in  Oct.  22,    '61;  mus.  out  with  Co. 
Nov.  22,  '61. 

Kent,  John  li.,  mus.  out  with  Co.  Nov.  22,  '64:. 

Kniseley,  George  W.,  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert.  July,  '63. 

Kennedv,  Van  B.  mus.  in  Oct.  15,  '61;  died  at  Camp  Scott,  Va., 
April  25,  '62. 

Lloyd,   George,   mus.  in    Oct.    15,  '61;  disch.    on    Surg.    Cert. 
Aug.  21,  '62. 

Lyon,  James  F.,  mus.   in  Oct.  15,  '61;  died  at  Harrison's  Land- 
ing,  July  2,  "t)2. 

Lytle,  Ilodandus.  mus.  in  Oct.  15,  '61;  died  at  Fortress  Monroe, 
Aug.'U,  '62. 

Martin,  David  W.,  absent  on  detached  service  at  mus.  out. 

Mereditli,   Enrix,   mus.   in  Oct.   15,  '61;  disch.  on   Surg.  Cert. 
Dec.  22,  '62. 

Mitchell,  Allen  W.,  mus.  in  Oct.  24,  '61;  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert. 
Aug.,  '62. 

Moser,  John  P.,  tr.    to   Co.   G,  188th  Regt.   P.   Y..   June   28, 
'65;  Vet. 

Murdoch,  J.  H.  L..  died  at  White  Oak  Swamp,  Va.,  June  28,  '62. 

Moore,  John,  died   at  A\^ashington,  D.    C,   Dec.   6,   '61;  bur.  in 
Mil.  Asy.  Cem. 

Moser,  Silas  L.,  des.  Nov.  18,  '61. 

McDonald,  John,  mus.  in  Oct.  15,  '61;  wd.,  with  loss  of  right 
arm  and  left  hand,  July  29,  '63;  disch.  on  Sui-g.  Cert.  May  7,  '64. 

McGill,  William,    mus.  in  Oct.  15,  '61,  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert. 
March  6,  '63. 

McMasters,  James,  died  at  Camp  Scott,  May  16,  '62. 

Nicholson,    J.  AV,  mus.  in  July  16,  '62;  died  at  Folly  Island, 
Nov.  1,  '62. 

O'Neal,   Henry,   mus.   in   Oct.    15,   '61;  disch.    on    Surg.   Cert. 
Aug.  5,  '63. 

Pratt,  Joseph  S.,   mus.  in  Oct.   15,  '61;  abs.  on  detached  duty 
at  mus.  out. 


HISTORY    OF    GKEENE    COUNTY.  403 

Patton,  Heniy  B.,  mns.  in  Oct.  15,  '61;  inns,  ont  witli  Co. 
:Nov.  22,  '64. 

Patterson,  W.  H.,  mns.  in  Oct,  15,  '61;  discli.*  on  Snrg.  Cert. 
^ov.  13,  '62. 

Pratt,  Ashabel  F.,  mns.  in  Oct.  15,  '61:  disch  on  Snrg.  Cert. 
Ang.  5,   '63, 

Pitcock,  Owen,  mns.  in  Nov.  1,  '61;  tr.  to  Vet.  Res.  Corps., 
Sept.  16,  '63. 

Patton,  Caleb  A.,  mns.  in  Oct.  15,  '61;  died  at  Philadelphia,  Pa., 
Jnly  10,  '62. 

Phillips,  Ashberr}',  died  at  Chesapeake  Hospital,  Ya.,  Jnne  10, 
'62,  of  wds.  received  in  action, 

Rnsh,  John  W.,  mus.  out  with  Co.  Nov.  22,  '64. 

Ramor,  Minor  A.,  mus.  in  Oct.  15,  '61;  disch.  on  Snrg.  Cert. 
May  9,  '63. 

Rnsh,  John  D.,  disch.  on  Snrg.  Cert.  Nov.  '61. 

Reid,  Joel,  mus.  in  Oct.  15,  '61;  died  Sept.  22,  '62;  bur.  in  Cyp. 
Hill  Cem.  L.  I. 

Sutton,  William  A.,  mns.  in  Oct.  23,  '61;  absent  in  ar.  at  mus. 
ont. 

Strickler,  John,  mus.  in  Oct.  15,  *61;  abs.,  sick  at  mns.  out. 

Shnltz,  Israel,  disch.  Nov.  '(]1. 

Strosnider,  Reason,  disch.  on  Snrg.  Cert.  Nov.  '61. 

Spicer,  John,  disch.  on  Snrg.  Cert.  Jan.  6,    '63. 

Stnrgis,  Phineas  W.,  mus.  in  Oct.  15,  '61;  died  at  Yorktown, 
Ya.,  Jnne  2,  "62;  buried  in  Nat.  Cem.  Sec.  D,  grave  lt)7. 

Stnrgis,  David  R.,  mus.  in  Oct.  15,  '61;  died  at  Baltimore,  Md., 
May  29,  '62. 

Titus,  Benjamin,  mus.  in  Oct.  15,  '61;  absent,  sick  at  mus.  out. 

Thomas,  Joshua  R.,  wd.  Aug.  9,  '63;  disch.  Nov.  11,  '64;  exp. 
of  term. 

Tell,  William,  mns.  in  July  30,  '62;  disch.  by  Gen.  Order,  June 
8,  '65, 

Tannehill,  Joseph,  mns.  in  Oct.  15,  '61;  died  at  Morris  Island, 
S.  C  ,  August  23,  '63. 

Utt,  William  11.,  mns.  in  Oct.  15,  '61;  disch.  on  Snrg.  Cert. 
November  27,  '62. 

AVilcox,  Moses,  mus.  in  Oct.  15.  '61;  died  at  Baltimore, 
Md.,  Mav  20,  '62. 


404  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY, 


CHAPTEE  XXIX. 

CoMi'.vxY  A,  One  Hundred  and  Fortieth  Pennsylvania  Infantry 

Regiment. 

Oroamzation — North    Central    Railway  —  Chancellorsville —  " 
White  House — Gettysburg — The  Wheat  Field — Mine  Run 
Campaign — The    Wilderness  —  Corbin's     Bridge — Spottsyl- 

YANIA TOLOPOTOMY    CrEEK DeATII    OF    CaPTAIN  McCuLLOUGH 

— Cold  Harbor — Before  Petersburg  —  Jerusalem  Plank 
Road — Deep  Bottom — Ream's  Station — Hatoher's  Run — 
Southerland  Station — Sailor's  Creek — Far^iville — Appo- 
mattox Court  House — Surrender  of  Lep: — Muster  Out — 
Record  of  Individi:al  SoLt)iERS. 

COMPANY  A,  of  the  One  Hundred  and  Fortieth  Regiment, 
was- recruited  in  Greene  County,  and  was  originally  officered  by 
John  F.  McCullough,  Captain;  J.  Jackson  Purman,  First  Lieuten- 
ant; David  Taylor,  Second  Lieutenant.  The  regiment  was  organized 
at  Camp  Curtin  on  the  8th  of  September,  1862,  with  Richard  P. 
Roberts,  of  Beaver  County,  Colonel;  John  Frazer,  of  Washington 
County,  Lieutenant-Colonel;  Thomas  B.  Rodgers,  of  Mercer  County, 
Major.  During  the  period  of  Lee's  invasion  of  Maryland,  which 
culminated  in  the  battles  of  South  Mountain  and  Antietam,  the 
regiment  was  posted  along  the  line  of  the  North  Central  Railway  to 
keep  open  that  great  thoroughfare.  Having  been  thoroughly  drilled, 
it  was  ordered  to  the  front,  and  arrived  as  the  troops  were  returning 
from  the  disastrous  battle  of  Fredericksburg.  It  became  a  part  of 
the  Third  Brigade,  General  Zook,  First  Division,  Second  Corps.  In 
the  battle  of  Chancellorsville  it  was  engaged  in  front  of  the  Chancel- 
lor House  on  the  old  turnpike  leading  to  Fredericksburg,  where 
General  Hancock  held  an  advanced  position,  and  where  the  enemy 
made  frequent  and  determined  attacks.  With  Colonel  Miles  it  was 
upon  the  picket  line  during  the  nervous  and  uneasy  night  of  the 
2d,  when  the  least  movement  of  troops  drew  the  tire  of  whole 
divisions  of  the  army.  During  the  morning  of  the  3d,  while-  the 
One  Hundred  and  Fortieth  was  supporting  the  Fifth  Maiie  Bat- 
tery, the  White  House,  which  was  situated  at  the  apex  of  the  new 
line  of  battle,  took  fire  and  was  utterly  destroyed.  Thirty-three 
wounded  men,  and  three  women,  who  had  taken  refuge  in  the  cellar, 


f  -9S 


S^^- 


jim.ct^^i^^<^  ^e^o^  /^a^^<^ 


HISTORY    OF    GREENI-:    COUNTY.  407 

were  brought  forth  from  the  burning  wreck.  When  the  army  re- 
tired to  tlie  new  line  the  One  PImidred  and  Fortieth  occupied  a  posi- 
tion to  the  left  of  the  White  House,  where  it  remained,  subjected  to 
occasional  artillery  tire,  until  the  6th,  when  it  retired  across  the 
river. 

The  battle  of  Gettysbui-g  followed  close  upon  Chancellorsville. 
The  First  and  Eleventh  Corps  met  a  full  half  of  the  rebel  army  on 
the  heights  beyond  the  town  to  the  northwest,  and  were  driven  back 
through  its  streets  to  the  ridge  to  the  south,  in  the  centre  of  which 
was  the  quiet  little  Evergreen  Cemetery.  On  the  morning  of  the 
2d  the  Second  Corps,  now  under  the  gallant  Hancock,  came  upon  the 
lield,  and  was  posted  along  the  left  centre  of  the  line,  stretching 
from  the  cemetery  along  the  Emmettsburg  Pike  towards  the  Peach 
Orchard.  About  four  o'clock  Sickles,  who,  with  the  Third  Corps, 
occupied  the  extreme  left,  stretching  from  the  pike  along  the  Peach 
Orchard  to  Little  Kound  Top,  was  tiercely  attacked.  His  line  was 
thin  and  weak;  but  right  gallantly  did  he  hold  his  ground,  and  hurl 
back  the  foe.  Again  and  again  he  came.  In  the  midst  of  the  fray 
Sickles  was  grievously  wounded  with  the  loss  of  a  leg.  His  weakened 
columns  \veve  gradually  forced  back.  "  Portions  of  the  Fifth  Corps 
■were  sent  to  his  relief,  but  shared  a  like  fate.  Finally  Hancock  sent 
Caldwell's  Division,  of  his  own  corps,  to  check  the  enemy's  mad  ad- 
vance, and  repair  the  threatened  disaster.  Moving  rapidly  across 
the  little  wooded  knoll  to  the  right  and  front  of  Pound  Top,  he  tirst 
sent  tlie  brigades  of  Cross  and  Kelly  to  penetrate  the  Wheat  Field 
and  the  wood  beyond,  where  the  fiercest  fighting  had  been.  Colonel 
Cross  was  killed,  and  his  command  was  terribly  torn,  as  it  advanced 
upon  that  fatal  Wheat  Field,  on  three  sides  of  which  the  enemy  in 
heavy  numbers  was  concealed.  And  now,  as  a  forlorn  hope,  the 
brigades  of  Zook  and  Brooke  were  sent  forward.  Zook  was  killed 
while  leading  his  troops  into  the  tight,  and  before  he  had  hardly  got 
into  action.  The  command  of  his  brigade  then  fell  npon  Colonel 
Roberts  of  the  One  Hundred  and  Fortieth.  Gallantly  did  these  two 
small  brigades  push  forward  over  this  devoted  ground  in  the  lace  of 
a  severe  tire.  The  enemy  was  swept  back  from  the  cover  of  the 
woods,  and  the  rocky  ridge  beyond  the  Wheat  Field,  a  position  of 
great  natural  strength,  was  carried.  But  the  advantage,  gained  at 
a  fearful  cost,  was  of  no  avail.  The  angle  in  Sickle's  line  at  the 
Peach  Orchard,  the  weak  point  in  his  formation,  had  been  hope- 
lessly broken,  and  through  this  opening  the  enemy  swarmed  and 
turned  the  right  of  Caldwell's  position,  compelling  him  to  with- 
draw. He  rested  at  night  on  the  low  ground  on  tlie  left  centre  of 
the  line,  where  he  remained  during  the  heavy  cannonade  of  the  suc- 
ceeding day,  and  until  the  close  of  the  battle."  The  loss  in  Com- 
pany A  in   the  battle  was    severe.     Sergeant  Brown    and    Corporal 


408  •  HISTORY  OF  greenj:  county. 

Eddy  were  killed,  Private  Loar  was  mortally  wonnded,  Lieutenant 
Purraan  was  wounded  with  loss  of  a  leg,  Captain  McGullougii, 
Sergeant  Zimmers  and  Private  Eddy  were  severely  wounded,  Colonel 
Roberts,  Captain  Acheson  and  Lieutenant  Wilson  of  the  regiment 
were  killed. 

The  One  Hundred  and  Fortieth  now  became  a  part  of  the  First 
Brigade,  to  the  command  of  which  Colonel  Nelson  A.  Miles,  of 
the  Sixty-lirst  New  York,  was  assigned.  Lieutenant-Colonel  Frazer 
was  made  Colonel,  Major  Ilodgers,  Lieutenant-Colonel,  and  Captain 
Thomas  Henry,  Major.  "  In  the  advance  of  the  army  to  the 
Rapidan,  and  the  retrograde  to  Centreville,  and  subsequent  advance  to 
Mine  Hun,  where  the  campaign  ended  without  coming  to  a  decisive 
battle,  the  regiment  shared  the  fortunes  of  the  corps,  participating 
in  the  action  of  Bristoe  Station  on  the  14th  of  October,  1863,  and 
the  skirmishing  in  front  of  the  enemy's  position  at  Mine  Run, 
sustaining  some  loss  in  wonnded." 

By  midnight  of  the  3d  of  May,  1864,  the  regiment  was  on  the 
march  for  the  Wilderness  campaign.  General  Grant  was  now  in 
supreme  command.  By  noon  of  the  hfth,  the  regiment  had  arrived 
upon  the  Brock  road,  where  it  threw  up  breast- works,  the  enemy  in 
front.  The  scenes  on  that  gory  iield,  pen  cannot  portray.  The  regi- 
ment shared  in  the  liery  conflict.  At  three  on  the  morning  of  the 
6th,  it  M^as  aroused,  the  brigade  holding  the  left  of  the  line  where 
substantial  breast-works  were  erected.  On  the  morning  of  the  8th 
the  regiment  joined  in  the  general  movement  of  the  army,  and  had 
an  encounter  with  the  enemy  at  Corbin's  bridge.  On  the  9th  the 
Po  Eiver  was  crossed,  and  the  regiment  was  placed  upon  the  skirm- 
ish line  and  met  the  pickets  of  the  enemy.  A  line  of  rifle  pits 
was  thrown  up  along  the  Po  River.  Early  on  the  morning  of  the 
12th  the  regiment  joined  in  the  grand  movement  of  Hancock's 
corps,  which  resulted  in  the  movement  upon  the  rebel  intrenchments, 
and  large  captures  of  men  and  material  at  Spottsylvania.  The 
movement  was  commenced  at  the  flrst  breaking  of  the  day,  and  was 
shielded  somewhat  from  view  by  a  dense  fog  which  prevailed  on  that 
morning.  The  advantage  gained  was  securely  held,  though  the  enemy 
made  repeated  attacks  to  regain  his  lost  ground,  and  atone  for 
his  discomfiture.  The  loss  in  the  regiment  in  this  afltair  was  over 
one  hundred,  and  in  Company  A,  Benjamin  Dunston,  John  W.  Peden, 
Thomas  Doty  and  Judson  W.  Paden,  were  killed.  Andrew  J.  Wald- 
ers  was  mortally  wounded,  John  Henry  was  wounded,  and  David 
Frays  and  Job  Smith,  Jr.,  were  missing  in  action. 

Starting  on  another  grand  flanking'movement  on  the  20th,  the 
North  Anna  was  crossed  on  the  23d,  but  finding  the  enemy  advant- 
ageously posted.  Grant  determined  not  to  attack;  but,  withdrawing, 
he  encountered  the  enemy  at  Tolopotomy  Creek,  and  severe  fighting 


niSTOr.Y    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  409 

occurred,  Hancock  occupying  the  centre  and  successfully  carrying 
tlie  enemy's  tirst  line  and  holding  it  against  every  fierce  attack  of 
the  foe.  Here  Company  A  lost  its  brave  leader,  Captain  John 
F.  McCullough,  who  was  killed,  and  Norval  Troy,  who  was  mor- 
tally wounded. 

Without  loss  of  time  the  army  moved  on  to  the  old  battle  ground 
of  Gaines'  Mill,  only  with  the  two  opposing  columns  reversed,  Lee 
iuiving  the  ground  of  McClellan,  and  Grant  that  of  Stonewall  Jack- 
son. Grant  here  boldly  attacked  along  the  whole  line,  Hancock 
holding  the  left,  13ut  the  ground  was  now  found  to  be  completely 
fortified,  and  the  attack,  though  successful  in  parts,  was  not  in  the 
main  design  fruitful,  and  was  finally  abandoned  with  grievous  loss. 
In  Company  A,  John  R.  M.  Greene,  and  John  Gray,  were  killed, 
and  Michael  Koope  was  mortally  wounded.  By  the  middle  of  June 
the  army  was  across  the  James,  and  an  attack  upon  the  enemy  at 
Petersburg  was  promptly  delivered.  But  finding,  as  usual  in  this 
campaign,  that  the  enemy  had  placed  himself  behind  elaborately 
planned  and  strongly  fortified  works,  the  attempt  to  carry  the  place 
by  direct  assault  was  abandoned,  and  the  army  sat  down  before  the 
town  and  commenced  the  more  tardy  operations  of  the  siege.  In 
this  first  attack  before  Petersburg,  John  Acklin,  of  Company  A, 
was  killed.  In  the  movement  on  the  Jerusalem  Plank  lioad,  on 
the  21st  of  June,  the  One  Hundred  and  Fortieth  participated  with 
the  Second  and  Sixth  Corps,  but  only  a  partial  success  was  achieved; 
though  a  position  was  taken  and  fortified,  which  the  enem}^  found 
himself  unable  to  break  through.  On  the  26th  of  July  a  demon- 
stration was  made  to  the  north  side  of  the  James,  where,  in  con- 
nection with  the  Nineteenth  corps,  the  brigade  gallantly  charged  the 
enemy's  works,  on  the  28th,  and  captured  prisoners  and  four  Parrott 
guns,  and  on  the  30th  returned  to  the  Petersburg  front.  The 
mine  explosion  resulted  in  no  advantage  to  the  Union  army.  On 
the  14th  of  August  the  corps  again  crossed  the  James,  and  at 
Deep  Bottom  the  rebel  works  were  carried  by  Birney's  division, 
which  was  advanced  within  sound  of  the  rebel  capital.  Returning 
to  the  Petersburg  front  the  corps  took  up  the  line  of  march  on 
the  21st,  and  at  Ream's  Station  had  a  desperate  encounter  Avith 
the  enemy,  who  appeared   in  superior  force. 

"  In  the  subsequent  operations  of  the  corps  during  the  fall  and 
winter,  the  regiment  bore  a  part,  being  hotly  engaged  in  front  of 
Petersburg,  on  the  9th  of  September,  in  the  general  movement  of 
the  27th  of  October;  suff'ering  much  from  inclemency  of  the  weather 
in  the  expedition  to  Hatcher's  Run,  from  the  8th  to  the  10th  of 
December,  and  in  that  to  Dabney's  Mills  from  the  5th  to  the  17th 
of  February,  1865.  Apart  from  these  it  remained  undisturbed  in 
winter  quarters   until   the  opening  of  the  spring  campaign    on  the 


410  HISTORY    OF    GKEENE    COUNTY. 

25th  of  March.  On  that  day  the  Second  Corps  made  an  advance 
upon  the  rebel  lines  at  Hatcher's  Run,  and  a  portion  of  his  works, 
designed  to  cover  the  South  Side  Kaih-oad,  was  carried.  For  four 
days  the  figliting  was  continued  on  this  part  of  the  line,  the  corps 
making  daily  some  snl)stantial  advance.  Miles'  Division  executing 
a  l)rilliant  move  at  Southerland's  Station  on  the  3d  of  April, 
whereby  extensive  captures  of  men  and  materials  were  made,  Tiie 
corps  was  again  engaged  on  the  6th  at  Sailor's  Creek,  and  on  tlie 
7th  at  Farmville  fought  its  last  battle.  In  this  engagement  an 
assaulting  column  led  by  General  Miles  was  bloodily  repulsed. 
Night  put  an  end  to  the  contest,  and  under  cover  of  the  dark- 
ness the  enemy  withdrew.  Two  days  later  Lee  surrendered.  Hos- 
tile operations  were  soon  after  concluded,  and  returning  to  the 
neighl)orhood  of  Washington,  the  regiment,  on  the  31st  of  May, 
was  mustered  out  of  service." 

Company  A,  One  Huxdrkd  and  Fortieth  Kecument. 

Kecruited  in  Green  County,  mustered  into  service  Sept.  -1. 
1862. 

John  F.  McCullough,  Capt.,  wd.  at  Gettysburg,  July  2,  '63; 
Com.  Col.  183d  Reg.  P.  Y.,  May  28,  '64;  not  mus;  killed  at  Tolo- 
potomy,  Ya.,   May  31,  '64. 

James  M.  Pipes,  Capt.,  pro.  fr.  1st  Serg.  to  2d  Lieut.,  Jan.  2^ 
'64;  to  Capt.,  June  27,  '64;  wd.,  with  loss  of  arm,  at  Reame's 
Station,  Ya„  Aug.  25,  '64;  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert.  Feb.  17,  '65. 

John  A.  Burns,  Capt.,  pr.  fr.  Sergt.  to  1st  Sergt.,  Jan.  2,  '64; 
to  1st  Lieut.,  June  27,  '64;  to  Capt.,  March  4,  '65;  mns.  out  with 
Co..  May  31,  '65. 

J.  Jackson  Purinan,  1st  Lieut.,  wd.  with  loss  of  leg  at  Gettys- 
burg, July  2,  '63;  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert.,  May  20,  '64. 

Mark  G.  Spragg,  1st  Lieut.,  pr.  fr.  Corp.  to  Sergt.,  March  1. 
'64;  to  2d  Lieut. rJune  27,  '64;  to  1st  Lieut.,  March  4,  '65;  mus. 
ont  with  Co.  May  31,  '65. 

David  Taylor,  2d  Lieut.,  resigned  July  31,  '63. 

Charles  T.  Hedge,  1st  Sergt.,  pr.  fr.  Corp.  July  1,  '64;  com.  2d 
Lieut.,  Dec.    18,   '64;  not  mus.;  mus.  out  M-ith    Co.   May  31,  '65. 

Daniel  B.  Waychaft,  Sergt..  pr.  to  Sergt.,  July  1,  *64;  disch. 
by  Gen.  Order,  July  5,  '65. 

Nathaniel  N.  Purman,  Sergt.,  wd.  at  Chancellorsville,  May  3, 
'63;  tr.  to  105th  Co.  2d  Battl.  Y.  R.  C,  Jan.  30,  '65;  disch. 
Sept.  4,  '65;  exp.   term. 

Henry  Zimmers,  Sergt.;  wd.  at  Gettysl)urg,  July  2,  '63;  abs. 
at  mus.  out. 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  411 

John  C.  Coen,   Sergt.,    pr.    to    Corp.  July    1,    '64;    to    Sergt., 
May  1,  '65;  iiius.  out  with  Co.  May  31,  '65. 

Cornelius  J.  Burk,  Sergt.,  pr.  fr.  Corp.,  Nov.  1,  '63;  discli.  on 
Surg.  Cert.  March  10,  "65. 

Wiliam  A.  Brown,  Sergt.,  killed  at  Gettysburg,  July  2,  '63. 

J.  S.  Herrington'  Corp.,  pr.  to  Corp.  July  1,  '64;  tr*  to  Y.  R. 
C;  disch.  by  Gen.  Order,  July  20,  "65. 

Alpheus  Crawford,  Corp.,  disch.  by  Gen.  Order,  June  6,  "65. 

Carey  M.  Fulton,  Corp.,  mus.  out  with  Co.  May  31,  "65. 

Thomas  J.  Kent,  Corp.,  pr.  to  Corp.  July  1,   "64;  nius.  out  with 
Co.  May  31,  '65. 

James  B.  Reinhart,  Corp.,   pr.  to  Corp.  July  1,  "64;  mus.  out 
wdtli  Co.  May  31,  "55. 

Joseph  Bane,   Corp.,    pr.  to  Corp.   July  1,  64;  mus.  out  with 
Co.  May  31,  '65. 

Kramer  Gabler,  Corp.,  mus.  out  with  Co.  May  31,  '65. 

Spencer  Stephens,  Corp.,  pr.  to  Corp.  May  1,  '65;  mus.  out  with 
Co.  May  31,  "65. 

Leroy  S.  Greenlee,  Corp.,  killed  at  Gettysburg,  July  2,  '63;  bur. 
in  Evergreen  Cemetery. 

John  W.  Peden,  Corp.,  killed  in  action.  May  15,  "64. 

James  Woods,  musician,  mus.  out  with  Co.  May  31,  "65. 

Morgan  Dunn,  musician,  mus.  out  with  Co.  May  31,  "65. 

Anderson,  Harrison,  mus.  out  with  Co.  May  31,  '65. 

Acklin,  Samuel,  mus.  in  Feb.  27,  "64;  tr.  to  Y.  R.  C;  disch. 
by  Gen.  Order,  Feb.  24,  '65. 

Armstrong,   Oliver,  tr.    to    Co.  F,  18th  Reg.  Y.  R.  C,  Aug. 
10,  "64;  disch.  by  Gen.  Order,  June  27,  '65. 

Anderson,  James,  tr.  to  114th  Co.  2d  Battl.  Y.  R.  C,  March 
13,  '64;  disch.  by  Gen.  Order,  July  18,  "65. 

Acklin,  John,"  killed  at  Petersburg,  Ya.,  June  17,  '64. 

Burson,  Oliver,  11." P.,  mus.  out  with  Co.  May  31,  '65. 

Bennett,  John,  mus.  out  with  Co.  May  31,  '65. 

Barney,  Peter,  tr.  to  51st  Co.  2d  Battl.  Y.  R.  Corps.  Nov.  6, 
.'63;  disch.  Sept.  4,  '65;  exp.  term. 

Clutter,  Samuel,  mus.  out  with  Co.  May  31,  '65. 

Cox,  John,  Jr.,  mus.  out  with  Co.  May   31,  '65. 

Clutter,  Noah  D.,  mus.  in  April  13,  '64;  tr.  to  Co.  K,  1st  Reg. 
Y.  R.  C,  Sept.  1,  '63;  disch.  by   Gen.  Order,  July,  '65, 
'        Cowan,  Joseph,  des.  Dec.  10,  '63. 

Doman,  George  N.,  mus.  out  with  Co,  May  31,  '65. 

Dunstan,  Benjamin,  killed   at   Spottsylvania,  Ya.,   May  12,  '64. 

Eddy,  Michael,  tr.  to  Yet.   R.  Corps.  Jan.  6,  '65. 

Eddy,  John  W.,  wd.  and  cap.  at  Gettysburg,  July  2,  '63;  died 
at  Richmond,  Ya.,  Jan.  27,  '64. 


412  HISTORY    OK    GKEENP]    COUNTY. 

Freeland,  George,  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert.  Jan.  16,  '65. 

Fisher,  John,   mns.  in   Nov.   29,   '62;  tr.  to  Co.  H,  53d  Ileg. 
P.  v..  May  30,  '65. 

Frays,  David,   missing  in  action  at  Spottyslvania,   C.    H.   Ya., 
May  12,  '64. 

Freeland,  Charles  A.,  died  Nov.  17,  "62. 

Garber,  Thornton,  disch.  by  Gen.  Order,  July  10,  '65. 

Gray,  George,  raus.  out  with  Co.  May  31,  '65. 

Geary,  Simon,  wd.  at  Tolopotomy,  Ya.,  March   31,    '65;  absent 
at  mns.  out. 

Green,  John  R.  M.,  killed  at  Cold   Harbor,  Ya.,  June  6,  '64. 

Green,  Isaac  P.,  died  at  Falmouth,  Ya.,  Jan.   8,  '63. 

Gray,  John,  killed  at  Cold  Harbor,  Ya.,  June  2,  '64. 

Henry,  John,  wd.  at  Spottsylvania,   C.   H.,  May  12,   '64;  disch. 
by  Gen.  Order,  June  8,  '65. 

Hopkins,   Daniel  S.  mns.   in  Feb.   29,   '()4;  tr.    to  Co.  11,  53d 
Keg.  P.  Y.,  May  30,  '65. 

Harris,  Stephen   C,   tr.  to  Ind.    Batty.   C,  Pa.   Artillery,  Feb. 
15,  '64. 

Hoge,  David  R.,  died  at  Washington,  D.  C-.,  Jan.  10,  '65;  bur. 
in  Nat.  (.^em.  Arlington. 

Jones,  John  C,  mus.  out  with  Co.  May  31,  '65. 

Jones,  George,    mus.  in  Feb.  27,  '64;  tr.  to  Co.  H,  53d  Reg.  P. 
Y.,  May  31,  '65. 

Kent,  Regin  S.,  wd.  at  Bristoe  Station,  Ya.  Oct.  14,  '63;  absent 
at  mus.  out. 

Kener,  Oliver,  mus.  out  with  Co.  May  31,  '65. 

King,  Daniel,  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert.  Jan.    17,  '65. 

Kent,  James  F.  disch.  by  Special  Order,  March  13,  '63. 

King,  Daniel,  mus.  in  March   22,    '()4;  tr.  to  Co.  H.  53d  Reg. 
p.  Y.,  May  30,  '()5;  disch.  by  Gen.  Order,  June  3,  '65. 

Loar,  Benjamin  F.,   died   at  Philadelphia,  Aug.  1,  of  wds.  reed, 
at  Gettysburg,  July  2,  '63. 

Meighen,  John,  mus.  out  with  Co.  May  31,  '65. 

Miller,  John  H.,  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert.  Jan.  20,  '63. 

Mariner,  George  W.,  tr.  to  114th  Co.  2d  Battl.  Y.  R.  C,  March 
13,    '65;  disch.  by  Gen.  Order,  July  18,  '65. 

Miller,  Abraham,  tr.  to  Yet.  Res.  Cor.  Dec.  1,  '63. 

Morris,  Franklin  R.,  missing  in  action  at  Chancellorsville,  Ya., 
May  3,  '63. 

Morris,  Lindsay,  died  at  Washington,  D.   C,    Dec.   22,   64;  bur. 
in  Nat.  Cem.  Arlington. 

McCullough,  L.  G.,  disch.  by  Gen.  Order,  June  6,  '65. 

McCullough,  Hiram,  missing  in  action  at  Ream's  Station,  Alio-. 
25,  '64. 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 


413 


Ogden,  William,  absent,  sick  at  mus.  out. 

Pipes,  Abner,  disch.  by  Gen.  Order,  June  26,  '65. 

Pettlt,  Joseph,  died  July  7,  '64,  at  Alexandria,  Va.;  grave  2,346. 

liush,  John  A.,  nnis.  out  with  Co.  May  31,  '05. 

Itoop,  John  E.,  nius.  out  with  Co.  May  31,  '65. 

Roop,  William,  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert.  Jan.  16,  '63. 

Roop,  Lindsay,  mus.   in   March  26,  '64;  tr.  to  Co.  II,  53d  Reo- 
P.  v.,  May  30,  65.  ^' 

Roop,  Henry,  mus.  in  March  26,  '64;  tr.  to  Co.  II.  53d  Reg.  P. 
v.,  May  30,  '65. 

Robinson,  Alex.  D.,  mus.  in  Feb.  29,  64;  tr.  to  Co.  II,  53d  Reg. 
P.  v..  May  3,  '65. 
=^Ridgway,  Samuel,  died  at  Parkton,  Md.,  Nov.  25,  '62. 

Roope,  Michael,  mus.  in  March  26,  '64;  died    July  29,  of  wds. 
reed,  at  Cold  Harbor,  June  2,  '64;  bur.  in  Nat.  Cem.,  Arlington. 

Steel,  Nicholas,  disch.  by  Gen.  Order,  July  15,  '65. 

Steel,  Ehud,  mus.  out  with  Co.  May  31,  '65. 

Swart,  James  M.,  mus.  out  with  Co.  May  31,  '65. 

Scott,  Simon  P.,  mus.  out  witli  Co.  May  31,  "(55. 

Scott,  Henry,  mus.  out  with  Co.  May  31,  '65. 

Sprowls,  Jesse,  wd.  at  Spottsylvania,  C.  II.,  May  12,  '64;  absent 
at  mus.  out. 

Strosnider,  Caleb,  disch.  by  Gen.'  Order,  July  12,  '65. 

Sergeant,  Richard,  disch.  March  10,  '63. 

Strosnider,    Kener   L.,    tr.   to  169th  Co.,   2d   Battl,  Y.    R.    C, 
Jan.  9,  '65;  disch.  by  Gen.  Order,  July  3,  '65. 

Sanders,  Harvey,  tr.    to  Vet.  Res.  Corps.  Sept.  1,  '63. 

Smith,  Job,  Jr.,   mus.   in  March   9,  '64;  missing  in    action   at 
Spottsylvania,  May  12,  '64. 

Simpson,  John,  mus.  in  Feb.  27,  64;  died  Sept.  17  of  wds.  reed, 
in  action,  Aug.  14,   '64;  bur.    in  Nat.  Cem.,  Arlington,  Ya. 

Steward,  Jesse,  died  at  Philadelphia,  April  9,  '65. 

Spragg,  John  M.,  killed  at  Mine  Run,  Nov.   29,  '63. 

Smith,  Job,  Sr.,  des.  July  2,  '63. 

Taylor,  Abner  W.,  mus.  out  with  Co.  May  31,  '65. 

Taylor,  Levi,  tr.  to  Yet.  Res.  Corps.  March  13,  '65. 

Troy,  Norval  L.,  mus.  in   Nov.   29,   '62;  died  June  27  of  wds. 
reed,  at  Tolopotomy,  May  31,  '64;  bur.  at  Alexandria,  grave  2,234. 

Wilson,  John  R.  H.,  mus.  out  with  Co.  May  31,  '65. 

Wilson,  George  W.,  mus.  out  with  Co.  May  31,  '65. 

Wallace,  Benjamin  F.,   tr.   to  51st  Co.  2d  Battl.  Y.  R.  C,  Jan. 
18,  '65;  disch.  Sept.  4,  '65. 

Walters,  Brezan  T.  mus.  out  with  Co.  May  31,   '65. 

Woolum,  Harrison,  disch.  by  Gen.  Order,   May  15,  '65. 

Wallace,   Francis  A.,  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert.  Oct.  12,  '63. 


414  IIISTOHY    OF    GllEENE    COUNTY. 

West,  Simon  S.,  tr.  to  Independent  Battery  C,  Pa.,  Art.  date 
unknown. 

Walters,  Andrew  J.,  mus.  in  Feb.  27,  '64;  died  at  Philadelphia, 
Jul}'  4,  of  wds.  reed,  at  Spottsylvania,  C.  II.,  May  12,  '64, 

Welsh,  Morris,  mus.  in  April  3,  '65,  des.  May  15,  '65. 


CHAPTER  XXX. 


Company   K,  Fifteenth  Cavalry,  One  Hundred  and   Sixtieth  of 

THE  Line. 

Battle  of  Antietam — Disorganized — Sent  to  Kentucky — Stone 
River — Refusal  to  Advance — Colonel  Palmer  Released — 
Organization  Completed — Battle  of  Chickamauga — Rose- 
CRANS  Shut  Up  by  Bragg  at  Chattanooga — Grant  in  Command 
— Victory — Army  Relieved — Valley  of  the  French  Broad 
— Ordered  to  Nashville  to  Recruit — Nashville — Pursuit  of 
Hood — Pursuit  of  Davis — Capture  of  Bragg  and  Vast  Sums 
OF  Money — Mustered  Out — Individual  Record, 

COMPANY  K,  of  the  15th  Cavalry,  160th  of  the  line,  was  in  part 
recruited  in  Greene  County.  It  was  partially  organized  at  Car- 
lisle, in  September,  1862;  but  before  it  was  completed,  and  before  the 
company  officers  were  selected,  the  regiment  was  ordered  to  the  front 
and  participated  in  the  Antietam  campaign  then  in  progress.  Un- 
fortunately, Colonel  Palmer,  who  was  looked  to  by  the  men  to  see 
that  suitable  officers  should  be  selected,  was  taken  prisoner,  and  be- 
fore further  company  organization  was  effected,  the  regiment  was 
ordered  west  to  the  army  of  Rosecrans,  in  Kentucky,  and  arrived 
upon  the  eve  of  the  battle  of  Stone  River,  Well  knowing  that  the 
regiment  was  in  no  condition  to  go  into  battle  in  its  disorganized 
state,  without  company  officers,  and  wholly  wanting  in  drill  and  dis- 
cipline, all  but  three  companies  stacked  arms  and  refused  to  obey  the 
order  to  advance.  Majors  Rosengarten  and  Ward,  with  about  three 
hundred  men,  went  into  the  battle.  The  former  officer  was  killed, 
and  the  latter  mortally  wounded,  and  thirteen  men  were  killed  and 
sixty-nine  wounded  and  missing. 

On  the  7tli  of  February,  Colonel   Palmer,  having  been  released 
from  captivity,  returned  to  the  regiment  and  a  complete  organization 


:> 


JUcC(l€       ^   ^a^Z^ 


HISTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUKTY.  4l7 

of  the  entire  command  was  effected.  On  the  24th  of  June  the  army 
moved  forward  on  the  Ohickamauga  campaign,  Companies  B,  H  and 
K  being  detailed  as  escorts  to  General  Kosecrans,  and  the  balance 
of  the  regiment  performing  courier  duty  between  the  right  and  left 
wings  of  the  army.  By  the  disaster  to  the  right  wing,  and  the 
escape  of  Rosecrans  to  Chattanooga,  and  the  linal  retreat  of  the 
army,  it  became  hemmed  in,  and  the  animals,  as  well  as  men  were 
brought  to  a  state  bordering  on  starvation.  Colonel  Palmer  was,  ac- 
cordingly, sent  into  the  Sequatchie  Valley,  thirty  miles  away,  where 
corn  and  provisions  were  found  in  abundancfe,  and  whence  supplies 
were  forwarded  to  Chattanooga.  The  arrival  of  Grant,  and  the  battle 
of  the  25th  of  I^ovember,  wrought  a  marvelous  change  in  the  con- 
dition of  the  army,  Bragg  having  been  swept  from  before  the  place. 
Palmer  was  now  sent  with  the  I'lfteenth  to  join  Sherman  in  his  re- 
lief of  Knoxville,  where  Burnside  was  held  by  Longstreet.  Upon  its 
arrival  it  was  sent  against  a  party  of  whites  and  Indians  approachino-  /j 

from  North  Carolina,  and  by  skillful  dispositions  gained  a  complete  *"'' 

triumph.  In  the  active  operations  in  the  valley  of  the  French  Broad 
which  succeeded,  the  regiment  participated  with  credit.  After  Lono-. 
street  had  put  his  army  in  winter  quarters,  brisk  skirmishing  ensued 
on  the  part  of  both  armies,  while  engaged  in  foraging  and  gatherino- 
supplies,  in  which  the  Fifteenth  gained  much  credit  for  its  skill+'.il 
operations,  and  its  midnight  descents  upon  the  foe. 

In  May,  1864,  the  regiment  was  ordered  to  Nashville  to  recruit 
and  remount.  It  was  August  before  this  was  accomplished,  and,  on 
approaching  the  front,  was  kept  busy  in  defending  the  con^  nunica- 
tions  of  Sherman,  now  well  on  his  way  in  the  Atlanta  mpaign. 
After  the  fall  of  Atlanta,  and  Sherman  had  cut  loose  for  his  >7jirchto 
the  Sea,  the  Fifteenth  was  ordered  to  the  support  of  Thorn;  at 
Nashville,  in  his  operations  against  Hood,  and  when  the  latter  n-  ' 
been  routed  and  put  to  flight,  the  Fifteenth  was  put  upon  his  tracic, 
and  in  the  race  which  ensued,  hung  upon  the  rear  and  flanks  of  the 
retreating  foe,  despoiling  him  of  material  and  trains  so  that  his  army 
was  made  powerless  for  further  mischief.  The  operations  were  now 
largely  confined,  in  the  "Western  armies,  to  daring  exploits  of  the 
cavalry,  in  which  kind  of  warfare  the  men  and  officers  of  the 
Fifteenth  had  acquired  great  skill,  and  were  very  successful. 

With  fresh  horses  the  cavalry  started  on  the  spring  campaign  of 
1865,  under  General  Stoneman.  Its  operations  extended  over  por- 
tions of  east  Tennessee,  western  North  Carolina,  and  northern  Georgia, 
and  finally  when  the  news  came  of  the  surrender  of  Lee  and  John- 
ston, the  Fifteenth  was  put  upon  the  track  of  Jeff'  Davis.  "  On  the 
morning  of  the  8th  inst.,"  says  General  Palmer  in  his  official  report, 
"while  searching  for  Davis  near  the  fork  of  Appalachee  and  Oconee 
Rivers,    Colonel    Bett's    Fifteenth    Pennsylvania  Cavalrv    captured 

21 


418  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

seven  wagons  in  the  woods,  which  contained  $188,000  in  coin,  $1,- 
580,000  in  bank  notes,  bonds,  and  securities  and  about  $4,000,000 
of  Confederate  money,  besides  considerable  specie,  plate,  and  other 
valuables  belonging  to  private  citizens  of  Macon.  The  wagons  con- 
tained also  the  private  baggage,  maps  and  official  papers  of  Generals 
Beauregard  and  Pillow.  Two  days  after,  Company  G,  Captain 
Samuel  Phillips,  captured  General  Bragg,  his  wife,  staif  officers  and 
three  w^agons.  On  the  15th  news  was  received  of  the  capture  of 
Davis  and  party  by  Colonel  Pritchard,  of  the  Fourth  Michigan  Cav- 
alry, detachments  from  Colonel  Bett's  command  being  close  upon 
his  trail.  The  campaigning  of  the  regiment  was  now  at  an  end,  and 
returning  to  Nashville  on  the  21st  of  June,  it  mustered  out  of  service. 

Company  K,  One  Hundred  and  Sixtieth  Regiment,  Fifteenth 

Cavalry. 

Recruited  in  Greene  County,  mustered  in  Aug.  30,  1862. 

Jacob  R.  Hewitt,  Capt.,  mus.  in  Nov.  31.  '60;  pr.  fr.  private  An- 
derson Troop,  Oct.  10,  '62;  resigned  Feb.  27,  '63. 

Abraham  B.  Garner,  Capt.,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  pr.  fr.  1st  Sergt. 
May  8,  '63,  to  Maj.,  March  13,  '65;  mus.  out  with  Regt.  June  21,  '65. 

Charles  E.  Scheide,  Capt.,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  ])r.  fr.  Adj.  March 
13,  "65;  mus.  out  with  Co.  June  21,  '65. 

Frank  E.  Remont.  1st  Lieut,  mus.  in  Aug.  22,  "62;  j)r.  fr.  Sergt. 
Co.  C,  May  8,  '63;  to  Capt.,  Co.  I,  Aug.  15,  '()4;  inus.  out  witR  Co. 
June  21,  '65. 

Nathaniel  M.  Sample,  1st  Lieut.,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  pr.  fr.  pri- 
vate to  Q.  M.  Sergt.  .March  1,  '63;  to  1st  Sergt.  March  16,  '64;  to  1st 
Lieut.  Nov.  8,  '(54;  mus.  out  with  Co.  June  21,  '65. 

Michael  M.  Musser,  1st  Sergt.,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  pr.  to  Corp. 
March  1,  '63;  to  Sergt.  May. 16,  '63;  to  1st  Sergt.  Jan.  1,  '65;  com. 
2d  Lieut.  May  20,  '65;  not  mus.;  mus.  out  June  21,  '65. 

W.  W.  Blackmar,  1st  Sergt.  mus.  in  Aug.  30,  '62;  pr.  fr.  Corp. 
to  Sergt.  March  1,  '63;  to  1st  Sergt.  May  5,  '63;  to  Lieut.  1st  Regt. 
W.  Va.  Cav.  March  18,  '64;  disclh  as  Capt.  July  8,  '65. 

Theophilus  II.  Smith,  Q.  M.  Sergt.,  pr.  to  Corp.  Jan.  4,  '63;  to  Q. 
M.  Sergt.  March  16,  '64;  mus.  out  with  Co.  June  21,  '65. 

J.  Lingerfield,  Jr.,  Com.  Sergt.,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  pr.  fr.  private 
March  1,  '63;  mus.  out  June  21,  '65. 

John  C.  Wilson,  Sergt.,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  pr.  to  Corp.  Oct.  30, 
'62;  to  Sergt.  March  1,  '63;  mus.  out  June  21,  '65. 

James  Agnew,  Sergt.,  m'us.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  pr.  to  Corp.  March  1, 
'63;  to  Sergt.  May  15,  '63;  mus.  out  June  21,  '65. 

Jacob  H.  Isett,  Sergt.,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  pr.  to  Corp.  Oct.  30, 
'62;  to  Sergt.  Feb.  5,  '65;  mus.  out  June  21.  '65. 


HISTORY    OF    GKEEJSTE    COUNTY.  419 

James  H.  Shertz,  Sergt.,  iniis.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  pr.  to  Corp.  May  15, 
'63;  to  Sergt.  Feb.  5,  '65;  mus.  out  June  21,  '65. 

Jacob  Wentzler,  Sergt.,  pr.  to  Corp.  Nov.  29,  '64;  to  Sergt.  March 
16, '65;  mus.  out  June  21, '65. 

Henry  C.  Potts,  Sergt.,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  pr.  fr.  Corp.  Co.  L, 
March  1,  '63;  disch.  March  15,  '63. 

Sealy  S.  Byard,  Sergt.,  pr.  fr.  Sergt.  Oct.  30,  '62;  disch.  on  Surg. 
Cert.  Feb.  27,  '63. 

William   H.   Small,  Corp.,   pr.   to  Corp.  April  1,  '64;  mus.  out 
June  21,  '65. 

James  A.  Kenney,  Corp.,  mus.  in  Sept.  6,  '62;  pr.  to  Corp.  Feb. 
5,  '64;  mus.  out  June  21,  '65. 

Alexander  H.  Robinson,  Corp.,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  pr.  to  Corp. 
Feb.  5, '65;  mus.  out  June  21,  "65. 

Benjamin  Bartram,  Corp.,   mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  pr.  to  Corp.  Feb. 
5,  '65;  mus.  out  June  21,  *65. 

Joseph  Copeland,  Corp.,  mus.  in  Sept.  6,  '62;  pr.  to  Corp.  March 
15,  '65;  mus.  out  June  21,  '65. 

Jacob  W.  Miller,  Corp.,  mus.  in  Oct.  10,  "62;  pr.  to  Corp.  ]\Earch 
15,  '65;  mus.  out  June  21,  '65. 

Nathaniel  B.  Briggs,  Corp.,  pr.  to  Corp.  March  15, '65;  mus.  out 
June  21,  '65. 

John  P.  Geinmill,  Corp.,  pr.  to  Corp.  May  15,  '65;  died  at  Chat- 
tanooga Dec.  24,  '63. 

William  M.  Murdock,  Bugler,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  mus.  out  June    - 
21,  '65. 

George  W.  Wright,  Bugler,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  mus.  out  June 
21,  '65. 

Jere.  K.  Parshall,  Blacksmith,  mus.  in  Oct.  '62;  disch.  on  Surg. 
Cert.  Jan  15,  '63. 

AVilliam  McGee,  Saddler,  pr.  to  regimental  saddler,  March  1,  "63. 

Askwith,  John  D.,  mus.  in  Sept.  28,  '64;  mus.  out  with  Co.  June 
21,  '65. 

Adamson,  John,  tr.  to  Co.  I,  date  unknown. 

Arvecost,  Joseph,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  "62;  tr.  to  Co.  C,  date  unknown. 

Burke,  Joseph  R.,   mus.  in   Oct.  3,  '62;  mus.  out  with  Co.  June 
21,  "65. 

Beck,  Henry  L.,    mns.   in   Aug.   30,  '62;  tr.  to  U.  S.  Army  Oct. 
30,  '62. 

Burson,  David  F.,  mus.  in  Aug.  30,   "62;   disch.  on   Surg.  Cert. 
Feb.  23,- '63. 

Burchinell,  Wm.   K.,   mus.    in    Oct.  3,  "62;  tr.  to  Signal  Corps 
Oct.  27, '63. 

Burns,  Andrew  S.,    mus.  in   Aug.    18,    '64;   tr.  to  Co.  A,  June 
21,  "65. 


420  HISTORY  OF  gkep:ne  county. 

Barnett,  James  P.,  died  at  Carlisle,  Ta.,  Nov.  18,  '62. 

Brooks,  William,  died  at  Lavergne,   Tenii.,  Jan.  5,  '63,  of  wds 
rec'd  in  action. 

Bell,  Joseph,  tr.  to  Co.  B,  date  unknown. 

Bell,  John  H.,  tr.  to  Co.  I,  date  unknown. 

Brown,  John  E.,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,62;  tr.  to  Co.  F,  date  unknown. 

Bond,  Edward,  mus.  in  Oct.  10,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  H,  date  unknown. 

Beitz,  Augustus  O.,  mus.  in  Aug.  6,  '64;  not  on  mus.  out  roll. 

Campbell,  William  P.,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  mus.   out  with  Co. 
June  21,  '65. 

Cleverstone,  Daniel,  mus.  in  Sept.   24,  '64;   mus.   out   with  Co. 
June  21,  '65. 

Clark,  Adrian  S.,  mus.  out  with  Co.  June  21,  '65. 

Carr,  Charles,   mus.  in   Oct.  10,  '62;   disch.  on  Surg.  Cert.  Aug. 
6,  '63. 

Clark,  Edward  B.,  disch.  on  Sui-g.  Cert.  March  3,  '63. 

Cholette,  Cor.  M.,  tr.  to  U.  S.  Array  Oct.  30,  '62. 

Cover,  Michael,  mus.  in  June  4,  '64;  tr.  to  Co.  A.  June  21,  '65. ' 

Crawford,  Edwin  E.,  died  in  Nashville,  Tenn.,  Feb.  12,  '63;  bur. 
in  Nat.  Cem. 

Conner,  William  B.,  died  in  Nashville,  Tenn.,  Feb.  3,  '63;  bur. 
Nat.  Cem.  Sec.  B.,  grave  1,177. 

Cotterel,  William,   mus.   in  Oct.   3,  '62;   tr.  to  Co.  G,  date   un- 
known. 

Cumston,  John,  mus.  in  Oct.  10,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  E,  date  unknown. 

Chambers,  William  H.,  mus.  in  Oct.  10,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  H.,  date 
unknown. 

Cotterel,  Jonas,  mus.  in  Aug.  30,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  M. 

Duer,  Florence,  mus.  in  Sept.  23,  '64;  disch.  by  Gen.  Order,  June 
24,  '65. 

Dye,  William  L,  disch.  by  Gen.  Order,  June  24,  '65. 

Denney,  Clark,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  I,  date  unknown. 

Drake,  Alexander  S.,  mus.  in  Oct.  10,  '62;  died  at  Nashville,  Tenn., 
Dec.  31,  '62;  bur.  in  Nat.  Cem.,  Sec.  B,  grave  88. 

Evans,  Benjamin  B.,  tr.  to  Co.  F,  date  unknown. 

Estle,  Daniel  L.,  tr.  to  Co.  I,  date  unknown. 

Farrer,  John  G.,  mus.   out  with  Co.  June  21,  '65. 

Faas,  John,  mus.  in  Sept.  10, '64;  mus.  out  with  Co.  June  21,  '65. 

Fisher,  David  F.,  mus.  in  Sept.  19,  '64;  mus.  out  with  Co.  I,  June 
21,  '65. 

Fullerton,  Bryam  M.,  mus.  in  Auo-.    20,   '64;   mus.  out   with  Co. 
June  21,  '65. 

Frankenberry,  A.  D.,  tr.  to  Signal  Corps  Oct.  27,  '63. 

Filbey,  Barton  E.,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  des.  Dec.  8,  '62.  • 

Gosline,  Nelson,  mus.  out  with  Co.  June  21,  '65. 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  421 

Gibbons,  Anthony  J.,  mus.  in  Sept.  25,  '64;  prisoner  from  April 
12  to  30,  '65;  disch.  June  20,  '65;  to  date  May  18,  '65. 

Grim,  David,  mns.  in  Sept.  19,  '64;  mus.  out  with  Co.  J  une  21,  '65. 

Griffin,  Samuel  C,  mus.  in  Jan.  27, '64;  tr.  to  Co.  A,  June  21, '65. 

Gass,  Samuel  W.,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  F,  date  unknown. 

Grim,  William,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  D,  date  unknown. 

Grim,  Lycur<^us,  mus  in  Aug.  30,  *62;  tr.  to  Co.  F,  date  unknown. 

Househalter,  Philip,  mus.  in  Sept.  22,  64;  mus.  out  with  Co. 
June  21,  '65. 

Himes,  John,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '63;  mus.  out  with  Co.  June  21,  '65. 

Howard,  George  W.,  mus.  in  Sept.  6,  '62;  pr.  to  2d  Lieut.,  4th 
Regt.  U.  S.  Col.  Art.,  April  5,  65;  mus.  out  Feb.  25,  'ijG. 

Heiter,  Joseph  J.,  mus.  in  March  24,  '64;  tr.  to  Co.  A,  June 
21,  '65. 

Hoke,  George  N.,  mus.  in  Sept.  6,  '62;  died  at  Murfreesboro, 
Tenn.,  April  2,  '63;  bur.  in  Nat.  Cem.  Stone  River. 

Hawkins,  A.  LeRoy,  mus.  in  Aug.  30,  '62;  tr.  Co.  I,  date  un- 
known. 

Hewitt,  Jacob,  mus.  in.  Aug.  30,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  F,  date  unknown. 

Hewitt,  Eli,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  B,  date  unknown. 

Hewitt,  Samuel,  mus.  in  Oct.  10,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  H,  date  unknown. 

Houlsworth,  James,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  G,  date  un- 
known. 

Houston,  Samuel,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  H,  date  un- 
known. 

Houston,  Josepii,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  H,  date 
unknown. 

Hartzell,  Edwin,  mus.  in  Aug.  30,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  I,  date  un- 
known. 

Hartley,  John  M.,  mus.  in  Aug.  30,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  D,  date  un- 
known. 

Hughes,  James,  mus.  in  Oct.  29,  '64;  not  on  mus.  out  roll. 

Johns,  Albert  M.,  mus.  in  Aug.  30,  '62;  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert. 
Oct.  12,  '63. 

Johnstone,  Valentine,  mus.  in  Aug.  8,  '64;  tr.  to  Co.  A,  June 
21,  '65. 

Jamison,  Wilbur  T.,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  H,  date 
unknown. 

Jameson,  John  A.,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  F,  date  un- 
known. 

Jordan,  Robert  H.,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  H,  date  un- 
known. 

Kimmel,  Jacob,  mus.  in  Oct.  10,  '62;  mus.  out  with  Co.  June 
21,  '65. 

Kinney,  Eaton,  mus,  in  Oct.  3.  '62;  dis,  on  Surg.  Cert.  Feb.23,  '63, 


422  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

Ketcliem,  John,  mus.  in  Aug.  30,  '62;  tr.  to  Co,  F,  date  unknown. 

Keys,  Cory  M.,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  G,  date  unknown. 

Kincaid,  Robert,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  H,  date  unknown. 

Kent,  James,  mus.  in  Oct.  10,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  E,  date  unknown. 

Krouse,  Enos,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  not  on  mus.  out  roll. 

Lamoreux,  E.  B.,  mus.  in  Aug.  8,  '64;  mus.  out  with  Co.  June 
21,  '65. 

Leas,  William  H.,  mus.  in  Sept.  22,  '64;  discli.  by  Gen,  Order, 
June  9,  '65. 

Lippincott,  W.  H.,  mus.  in  Sept.  27,  '64;  mus.  out  with  Co. 
June  21,  '65. 

Lundy,  William,  mus.  in  Aug.  30,  '64;  tr.  to  Co.  D,  date  un- 
known. 

Lewis,  Josiah,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '64;  tr.  to  Co.  G,  date  unknown. 

Mehl,  Edwin  JVL,  mus,  in  Aug.  22,  '64;  mus.  out  with  Co.  June 
21,  '65. 

Metzler,  John  C,  mus,  in  Aug.  22,  '64;  mus.  out  with  Co.  June 
21,  '65. 

Miller,  C.  G.  Jr.,  mus.  in  Aug.  22,  '64;  mus.  out  with  Co.  June 
21,  '65. 

Mills,  Edward  L.,  mus,  in  Oct.  19,  '62;  mus.  out  with  Co.  June 
21,  '65. 

Moyer,  James  H.,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  mus.  out  with  Co.  June 
21,  62.' 

Morrow,  William  H,,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  disch.  on  Serg.  Cert. 
April  28,  '63. 

Myers,  Alpheus,  mus,  in  Aug;.  30,  '62;  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert.  Feb. 
25,  '63. 

Moore,  Jacob  B.,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  tr.  to  Signal  Corps,  Oct. 
27,  '63. 

Marcus,  William,  mus.  in  March  21,  '64;  tr.  to  Co.  A,  June 
21,  '65. 

Morony,  Matthew,  mus,  in  March  11,  '64;  tr,  to  Co,  A.  June 
21,  '65. 

Minor,  Andrew  J.,  mus,  in  Aug,  30,  '62;  tr,  to  Co,  H,  date 
unknown, 

Murdock,  Wm,  B.,  mus,  in  Oct  3,  '62;  tr,  to  Co.  G,  date  un- 
known. 

Milligan  Samuel,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  62;  tr.  to  Co.  G,  date  unknown. 

Milligan,  James  H.,  mus.  in  Oct,  3,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  G,  date  un- 
known. 

Milligan,  Jonas,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  tr,  to  Co.  I,  date  unknown, 

Milligan,  Edward,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  I,  date  unknown. 

Messenger,  James,  jnus.  in  Oct.  10,  '62;  tr,  to  Co,  B,  date  unknown. 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  423 

Murdock,  John,  mus.  in  Aug.  30,  '62;  miis.  out  with  Co.  June 
21,  '65. 

McNay,  Jasper  P.,  mus.  in  Aug.  30, '62;  mus.  out  with  Co.  June 
21,  '65. 

McClain,  William,  mus.  in tr.  to  Co.  A,  June 

21,  '65. 

McGovern,  Thomas,  mus.  in  Aug.  30,  '62;  died  atNasliville,  Tenn., 
Jan.  22,  '63;  bur.  in  Nat.  Cem.  section  E,  grave  2,089. 

McNaj,  Newton  B,,  mus.  in  Aug.  30,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  H,  date  un- 
known. 

McCormick,  James,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  F,  date  un- 
known. 

Mf.Carty,  Royd^J-^  mus.  in  Oct.  10,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  G,  date  un- 
'  known. 

McGlumphey,  J.  B.,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  D,  date 
unknown. 

Newman,  Win.  H.,  mus.  in  Sept.  6,  '62;  prisoner  from  May  2  to 
May  16,  '65;  disch.  June  16,  to  date.  May  21,  '65. 

Norman,  S.  H.,  mus.  in  Aug.  22,  '62;  pr.  to  2d  Lieut.  Co.  B, 
184th  Regt.  P.  V.  April  29,  '64. 

Nichols,  Thomas  IVI.,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  discli.  on  Surg.  Cert. 
Feb.  8,  '63. 

Newbecker,  P.  C,  mus.  in  Aug.  22,  '62;  tr.  to  Yet.  Res.  Corps 
Aug.  1,  '63;  disch.  by  Gen.  Order  July  5,  '65. 

Nichols,  Erasmus,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  des.  Dec.  8,  '62. 

Pierce,  Joseph  K.,  mus.  in  Aug.  22,  '62;  disch.  by  Gen.  Order 
May  29,  '65. 

Pratt,  Ingram,  mus.  in  Aug.  30,  '62;  died  at  Nashville,  Tenn., 
Feb.  8,  '63;  bur.  in  Nat.  Cem.,  section  B,  grave  1,104. 

Pyles,  James  M.,  mus.  in  Aug.  30,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  II,  date  un- 
known. 

Phillips,  John  W.,  mus  in  Oct.  2,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  G,  date  un- 
known. 

Robertson,  John,  mus.  in  Sept.  6,  '62;  mus.  out  with  Co.  June 
21,  '65. 

RuU,  William,  mus.  in  Aug.  22,  '62;  mus.  out  with  Co.  June 
21,  ^65. 

Ross,  Jacob,  mus.  in  Aug.  22,  '62;  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert.  April 
4,  '65. 

Reynolds,  Jacob  A.,  mus.  in  Aug.  30,  '62;  disch.  March  10,  '63. 

Ransom,  George  P.,  mus.  in  Aug.  8,  '64;  died  at  Nashville,  Tenn., 
May  26,  '65;  bur.  in  Nat.  Cem.,  section  1,  grave  1,126. 

Riggle,  Atnos,  mus.  in  Aug.  30,  '62;  des.  Feb.  19,  '63. 

Reynolds,  John  B.,  mus.  in  Sept.  6,  '62;  des.  March  1,  '63. 

Ross,  David  D.,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  F,  date  unknown. 


424  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

Kichoy,  James  L.,  miis.  in  Aug.  30,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  H,  date  un- 
known. 

Rex,  John,  mus.  in  Aug.  30,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  C,  date  unknown. 

Rineliart,  Bennett,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  B,  date  un- 
known. 

Ritchie,  Clement,  mus.  in  Aui^.  30,  "62;  tr.  to  Co.  B,  date 
unknown. 

Sawyers,  John  W.,  mus.  in  Sept.  15,  '64;  mus.  out  with  Co.  June 
21,  '65.' 

Schrader,  Anthony,  mus.  in  Sept.  12,  '64;  mus.  out  with  Co.  June 
21,  '65 

Shoaf,  Daniel,  mus.  in  Aug.  19,  '64;  mus.  out 'with  Co.  June 
21,  '65. 

Sullivan,  William,  mus.  in  Aug.  21,  '64;  mus.  out  with  Co.  June 
21,  '65. 

Sunday,  John,  mus.  in  Oct,  10,  '62;  mus.  out.  with  Co.  June 
21,  '65. 

Struble,  Lot  J.,  mus.  in  Aug.  30,  '62;  mus.  oat  with  Co.  June 
21,  '65. 

Sharps,  Charles  T.,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert. 
April  29,  '63. 

Steel,  William,  mus.  in  Aug.  30,  '62;  tr,  to  U.  S.  Army,  Oct. 
30,  '62. 

Shaffer,  William  G.,  mus.  in  Aug.  22,  '62;  tr.  to  Yet.  Res.  Corps, 
Sept.  30,  '63. 

Supplee,  Henderson,  mus.  in  Aug  22,  '62;  tr.  to  Yet.  Res.  Corps, 
April  30,  '64. 

Smith,  John,  mus.  in  Oct.  17,  '64;  tr.  to  Co.  A,  June  21,  '65. 

Smith,  William,  mus,  in  June  18,  '64;  tr,  to  Co.  A,  June  21,  '65, 

Stees,  Thomas  W.,  mus.  in  Oct.  10,  62;  died  at  Murfreesboro. 
Tenn.,  June  2,  '63. 

Stevenson,  Alfred,  mus.  in  Aug.  30,  '62;  tr.  to  Co,  F;  date  un- 
known. 

Stone,  George  E.,  mus.  in  Aug  30,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.;  I  date  unknown. 

Sproat,  Timothy  R.,  mus.  in  Aug.  30,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  B;  date  un- 
known. 

Smith,  William  P.,  mus.  in  Aug.  30,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  F;  date 
unknown. 

Sayers,  Harry  E,,  mus.  in  Aug.  30,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  G;  date 
unknown. 

Shirk,  Michael  M.,  mus.  in  Aug,  30,  '62;  tr,  to  Co,  G;  date  un- 
known, 

Shope,  Milton  S,,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  62;  tr.  to  Co.  G;  date  un- 
known. 

Strosnider,  William  M.,  mjis.  in  Aug.  30,  '62;  not  on  mus,  out  roll. 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  425 

Thornlee,  James  W.,  miis.  in  Aug.  22,  '62;  des.  March  1,  63. 

Thomas,  Joshua,  mus.  in  Aug.  3U,  '62;  died  at  Nashville,  Tenn., 
March  4,  '63;  bur.  in  Nat.  Cem.,  Section  E,  grave  816. 

Turner.  Abel,  mus.  in  Aug.  30,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  11;  date  un- 
known. 

Turner,  Josiah  P.,  mus.  in  Aug.  30.  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  D;  date  un- 
known. 

Thomas,  Francis  M.,  mus.  in  Aug.  30,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  M;  date 
unknown. 

"Walter,  John,  mus.  in  Aug.  30,  '62;  disch.  by  Gen.  Order,  July 
5,  '65. 

Watts,  Wilbur,  mus.  in  Oct.  10,  '62;  mus.  out  with  Co.  June 
21,  '65. 

Weatherby,  J.  C,  Jr.,  mus.  in  Aug.  22,  62;  mus.  out  with  Co. 
June  21,  '65. 

Wagner,  Augustus  D.,  mus.  in  Oct.  10,  62;  disch.  on  Surg. 
Cert.  Oct.  31,  '63. 

Wilson,  Charles  T.,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert. 
July  30,  '63. 

Wilson,  W^illiam,  mus.  in  Aug.  22,  '62;  disch.  for  promotion 
Feb.  28,  '65. 

Williams,  Edward  P.,  mus.  in  Oct.  10,  '62;  disch.  by  Gen. 
Order,  May  31,  '65. 

Wood,  Edward  W.,  mus.  in  Aug.  30,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  C;  date  un- 
known. 

Waychuflf,  John  D.,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  "62;  tr.  to  Co.  F;  date  un- 
known. 

White,  David  C,  mus.  in  Aug.  30,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  F;  date  un- 
known. 

Wiser,  Angelo,  mus.  in  Aug.  30,  "62;  tr.  to  Co.  II;  date  un- 
known. 

Worthington,  R.,  mus.  in  Aug.  30,  '62;  tr,  to  Co.  F;  date  un- 
known. 

Wiley,  James  M.,  mus.  in  Aug.  22,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  M;  date  un- 
known. 

Zell,  John  M.,  mus.  in  Aug.  22, '62;  mus.  out  with  Co.  June 
21,  '65. 

2i* 


426  HISTORY  OF  grp:ene  county. 


CHAPTEK  XXXI. 

Companies  A,  C,  and  G,  EiuirTEENTii  Cavalry,  One  II undked  and 

SlXTY-TIIlKD    OF    THE    LiNE. 

Okganization  —  Mosby's  Guerrillas  —  Hanover —  Gettysburg  — 
KouND  Top — Pursuit  of  Trains — Brandy  Station  and  Upper- 
ville— Kaii)  to  Kk'hmond — Wilderness — Yellow  Tavern — 
Hanover  Court  House — Ashland — St.  Mary's  Church — 
Weldon  Railroad  —  Spencer  Rifles — Winchester  —  Cedar 
Creek — Mustered  Out — Individual  Records, 

THE  One  Hundred  and  Sixty-third  regiment,  of  wliich  Companies  A, 
C,  and  G,  were  recruited  in  Greene  County,  was  organized  early 
in  February,  1862,  at  camp  near  Fairfax  Court  House,  with  the  fol- 
lowing field  olHcers,  viz.:  Timothy  M.  Bryan,  Jr.,  Colonel;  James 
Gowan,  Lieutenant-Colonel;  Joseph  Gilmore,  William  B.  Darlington 
and  Henry  B.  Yan  Yoorhis,  Majors;  and  was  brigaded  with  Fifth 
New  York  and  First  Yermont  Cavalry,  under  command  of  Col.  Percy 
Wyndham.  Here  the  regiment  was  pitted  against  Mosby's  guerrillas, 
citizens  by  day  and  soldiers  by  night.  Being  indifferently  armed, 
the  duty  was  anything  but  pride-exciting  to  a  soldier.  Early  in  the 
spring  of  1862  William  P.  Brinton  was  made  Lieutenant-Colonel  in 
place  of  Lieut.  Col.  Gowan,  who  was  honorably  discharged,  and  the 
brigade  was  associated  with  a  brigade  of  Micliigan  troops  under 
Gen.  Custer,  the  division  being  in  command  of  Gen.  Julius  Stahel. 
Before  entering  upon  the  Gettysburg  campaign  Gen.  Stahel  was 
superceded  by  Gen.  Kilpatrick,  and  the  division  became  the  Third  of 
the  Cavalry  corps  of  tlie  army  of  the  Potomac. 

Proceeding  northward,  Kilpatrick  was  sent  in  search  of  the  rebel 
Gen.  Stuart,  who,  since  his  defeat  at  Upperville,  had  been  separated 
from  the  main  body  of  Lee's  army,  and  was  known  to  be  pushing  on 
through  Pennsylvania,  while  Lee  himself  was  moving  up  the  Cum- 
berland Yalley,  the  South  Mountain  intervening.  Kilpatrick's 
column  had  already  passed  Hanover,  and  the  Eighteenth  Pennsyl- 
vania, which  was  of  the  rear  guard,  was  resting  in  the  streets  of  that 
village,  when  the  head  of  Stuart's  column  came  up  and  immediately 
attacked.  Kilpatrick  formed  on  the  hills  to  the  south  of  the  town, 
while  the  enemy  ranged  along  the  heights  to  the  north.  Artillery 
firing  and  skirmishing  was  kept  up  until  nightfall,  when  Stuart  with- 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  427 

<irew  and  pursued  his  journey  northward,  being  thus  prevented,  by 
the  stubborn  front  presented  by  Kilpatrick,  from  joining  Lee  at 
'Gettysburg,  where  he  was  so  much  needed  in  the  progress  of  the 
battle.  The  division  came  up  with  the  enemy's  extreme  left,  at 
-Gettysburg,  on  the  2d  of  July,  where  some  skirmishing  occurred, 
and  at  evening  moved  to  the  extreme  left  of  the  Union  Line,  beyond 
Round  Top.  Towards  evening  of  the  8d,  the  First  Brigade,  led  by 
Col.  Farnsworth,  was  ordered  to  charge,  and  gallantly  drove  the 
enemy  in  upon  his  fortitied  line  behind  stone-walls  and  rocky-wooded 
heights.  The  commander,  Col.  Farnsworth,  was  killed  and  several 
men  in  the  Eighteenth  were  wounded. 

Scarcely  was  the  rebel  army  withdrawn  from  the  Gettysburg  field, 
before  Kilpatrick  was  upon  its  track,  and  struck  Ewell's  wagon  train 
near  Monterey  Springs,  on  its  way  across  South  Mountain.  Kilpat- 
rick promptly  charged,  and  having  scattered  the  train  guard,  captured 
two  pieces  of  artillery,  a  thousand  prisoners,  and  two  hundred  wagons 
and  aml)ulances.  At  break-neck  speed  he  drove  down  the  mountain,  to 
•escape  the  head  of  Lee's  infantry,  which  was  making  a  forced  march  for 
a  crossing  of  the  Potomac.  At  Smithfield  the  captured  wagons  were 
burned,  and  the  prisoners  delivered  to  the  column  of  Gen.  French,  at 
Boonesboro.  At  Ilagerstown,  where  the  rebel  infantry  had  arrived, 
two  batallions  of  the  Eighteenth,  led  by  Captains  AVilliam  C.  Lindsey 
and  John  W.  Phillips,  under  command  of  Lieut.  Col.  Brinton, 
charged.  From  shelter  in  the  narrow  streets  and  alleys  the  enemy 
kept  up  a  hot  fire,  even  the  women  joining  in  the  fusilade,  while 
the  cavalry  only  used  their  sabres,  and  consequently  suffered  se- 
verely. Capt.  Lindsey  was  killed,  as  was  also  the  color-bearer, 
Thomas  Eagon,  and  Benal  Jewel,  of  Company  G, 

After  the  escape  of  Lee  across  the  Potomac,  the  Union  army 
leisurely  followed,  "  and  during  the  fall  and  early  winter  the  regi- 
ment was  actively  engaged  in  scouting  and  skirmishing,  meeting  the 
enemy  at  Brandy  Station  and  at  Culpepper  on  the  18th  of  September; 
on  the  11th  of  October,  again  near  Brandy  Station,  where  the 
Eighteenth  charged  a  force  of  the  enemy  following  from  Culpepper, 
and  lost  its  commander,  Major  Yan  Voorhis,  three  lieutenants  and 
fifty  men,  by  capture;  on  the  IStli  at  Buckland  Mills  and  New  Bal- 
timore; on  the  18th  of  November,  in  a  scout  across  the  Rapidan, 
where  the  camp  equipage,  regimental  colors,  and  camp  guard, 
including  a  number  of  officers  and  men,  were  captured,  and  Lieut. 
Roseberry  Sellers  was  killed;  and  on  the  6th  of  December  went  into 
winter  quarters  near  Stevensburg."  On  the  28th  of  February  the 
Eighteenth  started  with  Kilpatrick  on  his  raid  upon  Richmond,  for 
the  delivery  of  Union  prisoners.  Though  unsuccessful  in  the  main 
object  of  the  campaign,  the  troops  behaved  with  gallantry,  and  Dahl- 
green,  who  led  a  division,  was  killed.     Gen.   Wilson  now  succeeded 


428  nisTOKY  OF  gkeene  county. 

Kilpatrick  in  command  of  the  division,  and  Col.  Mcintosh  was  placed 
over  the  brigade. 

On  the  opening  of  the  spring  campaign  of  1864,  now  nnder 
Grant,  The  Eighteenth  enconntered  the  head  of  Longstreet's  corp^^ 
on  the  Plank  iioad.  Brisk  lighting  immediately  commenced,  and 
in  the  progress  the  Eighteenth  was  cnt  off  and  apparently  sur- 
rounded; but  by  a  desperate  break  at  an  unguarded  pomt,  at  a  dens& 
pine  thicket  and  swamp  supposed  to  be  impenetrable,  the  command 
was  brought  off,  though  reported  captured.  The  loss  was  one  officer 
and  thirty-nine  wen  in  killed,  wounded  and  captured. 

On  the  9th  of  May  the  regiment,  with  the  main  body  of  Sheri- 
dan's command,  moved  around  the  right  of  the  flank  of  Lee's  army 
and  struck  boldly  out  towards  Richmond.  In  this  exciting  and  diffi- 
cult march,  where  the  enemy  sprang  up  on  all  sides,  and  greatly 
harrassed  and  impeded  its  course,  the  regiment  participated,  being 
engaged  on  the  lltli  at  Yellow  Tavern,  on  the  12th  at  Richmond, 
and,  tinally,  on  the  16th,  reached  Haxall's  landing  on  the  James. 
After  a  few  days  rest,  Sheridan  returned  and  rejoined  Grant  near  the 
South  Anna.  At  Hanover  Court  House  the  Eighteenth  Pennsylvania, 
supported  by  the  Second  Ohio,  was  ordered  to  charge  and  clear  the 
town.  At  twilight  the  charge  was  made,  dismounted,  and  though 
opposed  by  vastly  superior  numbers,  well  covered  with  breastworks, 
was  driven  in  utter  rout  and  confusion,  and  many  prisoners  were 
taken.  Lieut.-Col.  I>rinton  and  Major  Phillips,  who  led  tlie  charge, 
were  both  slightly,  and  Captains  M.  S.  Kingsland  and  David  Hamil- 
ton, severely  wounded.  The  enemy  was  again  met  at  Ashland,  and 
severe  lighting  ensued.  At  St.  Mary's  Church  the  enemy's  infantry 
was  again  met,  and  for  live  hours  was  held  at  bay,  the  regiment 
losing  thirty-three  in  killed,  wounded  and  missing,  Lieuts.  Treson- 
thick  and  McCormick  being  mortally  wounded. 

In  conjunction  with  the  Third  New  Jersey,  the  regiment  was 
detached  from  the  division  and  ordered  to  duty  with  Gen.  Wright,  of 
the  Sixth  Corps,  and  was  employed  in  picketing  a  line  of  nearly  live 
miles,  on  his  left  flank.  On  the  23rd  of  June,  the  regiment,  supported 
by  a  few  sharpshooters,  drove  the  enemy  from  the  Weldon  Railroad, 
at  Yellow  House. 

In  August  Sheridan  was  sent  to  the  Shenandoah  Valley,  with 
two  divisions  of  cavalry,  to  confront  the  rebel  general  Early,  the 
Eighteenth  being  included.  At  Washington  the  regiment  was  armed 
with  Spencer  repeating  rifles.  At  Winchester,  and  Summit  Station, 
at  Charlestown,  and  Leetown,  it  was  actively  employed  in  holding 
the  rebel  column  in  check,  and  on  the  10th  of  September  occurred 
the  memorable  battle  of  Winchester.  "  With  the  Fifth  and  Second 
New  York  deployed  as  skirmishers,  the  Eighteenth  was  ordered  to 
charge.     The  Third  Battalion  had  the  advance,  and  dashing  forward. 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  429 

drove  the  enemy  from  his  works  and  into  a  wood  beyond,  from  wliich 
it  was  in  turn  repulsed  by  a  rapid  lire.  But  at  this  juncture  the 
main  body  of  the  regiment  came  up,  led  by  Colonel  Brinton,  and 
drove  the  enemy  for  half  a  mile,  and,  aided  by  the  rest  of  the  brigade, 
held  this  commanding  position  until  Sheridan's  infantry  came  to  his 
relief.  Colonel  Brinton,  after  having  his  horse  twice  shot,  and  his 
clothing  riddled  with  bullets,  finally  fell  into  the  enemy's  hands." 
In  the  general  assault,  which  was  delivered  in  the  afternoon,  it  par- 
ticipated and  shared  in  the  glories  of  the  decisive  triumph.  In  the 
pursuit  cf  the  enemy  up  the  valley  frequent  heavy  skirmish iiii; 
ensued.  On  the  8th  of  October  the  command  moved  towards  Cedar 
Creek,  the  Eighteenth  acting;  as  rear  guard  and  suffering  from  fre- 
quent  and  severe  attacks  of  the  enemy.  On  the  following  day  the 
division  assumed  the  offensive,  aiid  swept  forward  with  resistless 
power,  driving  the  enemy,  under  Rosser,  in  confusion,  capturing  all 
his  artillery,  six  pieces,  and  his  entire  ambulance  and  wagon  train. 

In  the  battle  of  Cedar  Creek  the  regiment  was  engaged  from 
early  dawn  until  evening,  when  it  participated  with  the  brigade  in  a 
brilliant  charge,  which  closed  the  struggle  and  swept  from  the 
enemy's  grasp  his  guns  and  trains.  This  single  l)rigade  was  ac- 
credited with  the  capture  of  forty-live  pieces.  At  Cedar  Creek,  on 
the  12th  of  November,  the  division  again  met  the  enemy  and  drove 
]iim  three   miles,  and   soon    after  went    into   winter   quarters   near 


Avere  capti 

to  conduct  the  prisoners  taken,  amounting  to  fifteen  hundred,  back 
to  Winchester.  On  the  way  General  Eosser  repeatedly  attacked, 
counting  confidently  on  the  release  of  the  prisoners,  but  was  foiled 
in  every  attempt,  and  the  prisoners  were  all  safely  delivered  to  the 
commanders  at  Winchester.  This  virtually  closed  the  active  cam- 
paigning of  the  regiment,  and  after  consolidation  with  the  Twenty- 
second  Cavalry  was  finally  mustered  out  on  the  31st  uf  October, 
18G5. 

Company  A,  One  Hundred  and  SixTY-rniRi)  Regiment,  Eighteenth 

Cayaery. 

Recruited  in  Greene  County,  mustered  in  November  21,  18G2. 

William  C.  Lindsey,  Captain,  killed  at  Hagerstown,  Maryland, 
July  6,  '63. 

Guy  Brian,  Jr.,  mus.  in  June  12,  '63;  pr.  fr.  Adj.  May  18,  '65; 
mus.  out  with  Co.  B,  3d  Reg.  Trov.  Cav.,  Oct.   31,  '65. 

James  P.  Cosgrey,  1st  Lieut.,  resigned  May  1,  't)3. 


430  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

Benjamin  F.  Campbell,  1st  Lieut.,  pr.  fr.  2d  Lieut.  May  9,  'G3; 
disch.  leb.  10,  ^04:. 

George  E.  Newlin,  1st  Lieut,  mus.  in  April  7,  'Gl*  mus.  out 
with  Co.  ii,  3d  ^ieg.  Frov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  '05. 

Roseberry  Hellers,  2d  Lieut.,  mus.  in  Aug.  21),  '02;  pr.  fr.  1st 
Sergt.  May  *J,  '03;  killed  at   Germania  Ford,  ]Nov.  18,  '03. 

William  iScott,  2d  Lieut.,  pr.  fr.  Sergt.  Co.  G,  Jan.  2,  '05;  mus.. 
out  with  Co.  B,  3d  Keg.  Prov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  '05. 

Benj.  W.  Voders,  1st  Sergt.,  disch.  by  Gen.  Order,  July  11,  '05. 

John  B.  Gordon,  1st  Sergt.,  died  at  VV^ashington,  I).  C,  Dec.  5,. 
'04;   bnr.  in  Mil.  Asylum  Cemetery. 

John.  C.  White,  Com.  Sgt.,  mus.  in  Feb.  23,  '(54;  mus.  out  with 
Co.  B,  3d  Keg.  Prov.  Cav.,  Oct.  81,  '05. 

Joseph  Cooke,  Com.  Sgt.,  prisoner  from  June  10  to  Dec.  31,  '04 
disch.  by  Gen.  Order,  July  11,  '05. 

Benjamin  F.  llerrington,  Com.  Sgt.,  mus.  in  Aug.  23,  '02;  pr. 
to  2d  Lieut.  Co.  G,   Dec.  8,  '02. 

George  W.  Kent,  Sergt.,  mus.  out  with  Co.  B,  3d  Keg.,  Prov„ 
Cav.  Oct'.  31,  '05. 

Edward  Francke,  Sergt.,  mus.  in  Feb.  17,  04;  mus.  out  with  Co- 
B,  3d  Keg.,   Prov.  Cav.'  Oct.  31,  '05. 

William  J.  Holt,  Sergt.,  mus.  in  Feb.  29,  '04;  wd.  near  Peters- 
bure^,  June  27,  '04;  mus.  out  with  Co.  B,  3d  Keg.,  Prov.  Cav.  Oct. 
31,  ^'05. 

John  K.  Smith,  Sergt.,  disch.  by  Gen.  Order,  July  10,  '05, 

James  Graham,  Sergt.,  mus.  in  Sept.  22,  '62;  wd.  at  Spottsyl- 
vania.  May  8,  '04;  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert.  May  18,  '65. 

Jacob  Whipkey,  Sergt.,  mus.  in  Aug.  23,  '02,  tr.  date  and  org. 
unknown. 

William  D.  Smith,  Sergt.  Kov.  21,  '02;  died  Sept.  29,  '04. 

Cyrus  C.  Elms,  Sergt.,  mus.  in  April  6,  '65;  des.  Sept.  10,  '65. 

Thomas  L.  Dagg,  Corp.  mus.  in  March  11,  '64;  mus.  out  with 
Co.  B,  3d  Keot.,  Prov.  Cav.  Oct.  31,  '05. 

James  Seals,  Corp.,  mus.  in  March  9,  '04;  mus.  out  with  Co.  B^ 
8d  Regt.  Prov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  '05. 

Kendal  Brant,  Corp.,  mus.  in  Sept.  10,  '62;  disch.  March  20,  '03. 

Jonas  Wlii]>key,  Corp.,  mus.  in  Aug.  23,  '02;  disch.  by  Gen. 
Order,  June  12,  '05. 

Robert  M.  Yates,  Corp.,  mus.  in  Nov.  23,  '02;  disch.,  date  un- 
know'n. 

Robert  J.  Tukesberry,  Corp.,  disch.  by  Gen.  Order,  July  11.  '0)5. 

John  Evans,  Corp.,  prisoner  fr.  June  30  to  Oct.  9,  '03;  discli.  by 
Gen.  Order,  July  11,  '05. 

Salatial  Murpliy,  Corp.,  disch.  by  Gen.  Order,  July  11,  '0)5. 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  431 

George  K.  "Wisearver,   Corp.,   inus.  in  Oct.  27.  "02;  tr,,  date  and 
org.  unknown. 

John  T.  Morris,  Corp.;  cap.;  died   at   Anderson ville,  Ga.,  June 
26,  '64;  grave  2,508. 

Henry  (Jook,  Corp.,  killed  at  Opequan,  Va.,  Sept.  19,  '64. 

John  Boylan,  Corp.,  March  31,  '65;  des.  Sept.  10,  '65. 

Samuel  S.  Rhinehart,  Corp.,   mus.   in  Aug.  23,  '62;  died  March 
10,  '65;  bur.  in  U.  S.  Gen.  Hosp,  Cein..  No.  2,  Annapolis,  Md. 

Andrew  Wilson,  Jr..  Bugler,  died  at  Washington,  D,  C,  April  1, 
of  wds.  recM.  in  action  »Ian.    18.  '64;   bur.  in  Mil.  Asylunn  Cem. 

Charles  White,  Buiiler,  mus.   in  Feb.  25,  '()4;  mus.  out  with  Co. 
H,  3d  Reg.,  Prov.  Cav.   Oct.  31,  '65. 

Frederick  Ramer,  blacksmith,  disch.  by  Gen.  Order,  July  11,  '65. 
-  --^-Everly  L.  Dow,  blacksmith,  disch.  b}'  Gen.  Order,  July  11,  '65. 

Warren  Kneel,  blacksmith,  disch.  by  Gen.  Order,  July  11,  '65. 

Lewis   Perry,  saddler,  disch.   by  Gen.  Order,  July,  '65. 
Adams,  Elijah,  mns.  in  Feb.  29,   '(34;  mus.   out   with  Co.    B.    3d 
Reg.,  Prov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  '65. 

Adams,  Richard  L.,    mus.  in  Feb.  23,  '64;  disch.  by  Gen.  Order. 
Sept.  16,  '65. 

Ammonds,  John,  absent    at    mus.   out. 

Adams,  Jacol),  mus.  in  Feb.  23,  '64;  died  Oct.  6,  '64. 

Anderson,  William,  mus.  in  March  31,  '65;  not  acct.  for. 

Boyers,  George  W.,  disch.  bv  Gen.  Order.  July  11,  '65. 

Br"yner,  William  A.,  pris.  fr!'  Julv  6,  '63,  to  Dec.  8, '64;  disch.  by 
Gen.  Order,  July  11,  '65. 

Bryner,  (xeorge  W.,  mus.  in  Oct.   27,   '62;  disch.  by  Gen.  Order, 
June  5,  '65. 

Brandymore,  Mort.,    mus.    in   March   31,   '65;    disch,    by   Gen. 
Order,  July  12,  '65. 

Courtright,  James,  mus.  out  with  Co.  B,  3d  Reg.,  Pro.  Cav..  Oct. 
31,  '65. 

Campbell,  W.  Y.  11. .  mus.  in  April  1,  '65;   mus.  out  with   ('o.  B, 
3d  Reg.,  Pro.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  '65. 

Concklin,  S.  M.,  abst.  at  mus.  out. 

Cole,  William,  disch.  by  Gen.  Order,  July  11,  '65. 

Coolev,  Joseph  B.,  mus.  Sept.  9,  64;  disch.  bv  Gen.  Order.  June 
13,  '65. 

Church.  William,  mus.  in  MaVcli  29,  '65;  disch.  by  Gen.  Order, 
June  10,  '65. 

Chapman,  George,  cap.,  died  at  Andersonville,  Ga.,  Sept.  9.  "64; 
grave"  8,260. 

Chapman,  Charles,  mus.   in  April  22,  '64;  not  acct.  for. 

Champ,  Charles,  mus.  in  April  20.  '64;  not  acct.  for. 


432  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

Lyickinson,  William,  mus.  Sept.  8.  '62;  tr.,  org.  unknown;  Jan. 
21,  'H5. 

Davis,  Henry,  mus.  in  April  22,  '04;  not  acct.  for. 

Eekott',  Charles  V.,  mus.  in  Feb.  29,  '64;  discli.,  dis.  Oct.  13,  ^i5(j. 

Evans,  Azariali,  disch.  by  Gen.   Order,  Jnly  11,  '65. 

Eagon,  Solomon,  disch.  by  Gen.  Order,  July  11,  '65. 

Evans,  Caleb,  pris.  from  Nov.  18,  '63,  to  April  11,  '64;  discli.  by 
Gen.  Order,  July  11,  '65. 

Eagon,  Thomas,  killed  at  Hagerstown,  Md.,  Jnh'  6,  '63. 

Edwards,  Thomas  W.,  mus,  in  March  21,  '65;  disch.  by  Gen. 
Order,  Sept.  20,  "65. 

Fox,  James  F.,  mus.  in  March  31,  '65;  miis.  out  with  t'o.  B,  3d 
Regt.,  Prov.  Cav.,  Oct.  21,  '6)5. 

Finnegan,  John,  disch.   by  Gen    Order,   July  11,  '65. 

Fry,  John,  disch.  by  Gen.  Order,  July  11,  '65. 

Friend,  Michael,  mus.  in  March  30,  '65;  not  acct.  for. 

Grey,  Elijah,  mus.  in  March  31,  '65;  mus.  out  with  Co.  B,  3d 
Keg.,  Prov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  '65. 

Goodwin,  Frank,  mus.  in  Alav  21,  '63;  pr.  to  Ilospt.  Steward 
U.  S.  Army,  March  28,  '64. 

Gallatin,  Joseph  K.,  mus.  in  Nov.  11,  '62;  disch.  by  Gen.  Order, 
July  11,  '65. 

Gardner,  Freeman,  mus.  in  Nov.  11,  '(')2;  disch.  by  Gen.  Order 
July  11,  '65. 

Goif,  Mott  AV.,  juus.  in  March  31.  '(54;  disch.  by  Gen.  Order, 
May  13,  '65. 

Gumph,  John,  disch.  by  Gen.  Order,  July  18,  '65. 

Gribben,  Peter,  mus.  in  Aug.  23,  '62;  wd.  at  Old  Church,  Xa., 
June  11,  '64;  disch.  by  Gen.  Order,  July  5,   '65. 

Galloway,  Nicholas,  mus.  in  July  ID,, '63;  des.  Oct.  '65. 

(irribben,  Elias  K.,  mus.  in  Aug.  23,  '(53;  not  on  mus.  out  roll. 

Uacket,  William,  mus.   in  Feb.  29,  '64;  absent  at  mus.  out. 

llendershot,  Thomas  F.,  mus.  in  Aug.  29,  '64;  ca)»tured  at 
Fisher's  Ilill,  Va.,  Oct.  8,  '64;  bur.  rec,  J.  llendershot  died  at 
Kichmond,  Ya.,  Feb.  3,  '65. 

Harrison,  Moses,  disch.  by  Gen.  Order,  July  11,  '65. 

Huft'raan,  James,  dischg.  by  Gen.  Order,  July  11,  '65. 

Hughes,  David,  mus.  in  March  23,  '64;  dischg.  by  Gen.  Order, 
June  19,  '65. 

Hedge,  Samuel,  mus.  in  Sept.  1().  '64;  dischg.  by  Gen.  Order, 
June  13,  '65. 

Hinerman,  Henry,  mus.  in  Sept.  4,  '(52;  died,  date  unknown. 

Johns,  Ellis  J.,  wd.  at  Opequan,  A'a.,  Sept.  19,  '64;  dischg. 
by  Gen.  Order,  July  11,  .'()5. 

Jeffries,  Elisha,  dischg.  by  Gen.  Order,  July  11,  '65. 


IIISTOKY    OF    GKEENE    COUNTY.  433 

Johns,  iliraiu  M„  imi8.    in  Feb.   23,   '64;  captnred  at  Old  Ch., 
Ya.,  June  11,  '64;  died,  date  unknown. 

Knox,  William,  absent  at  mus.  out. 

Kent,  Nicholas  J.,  wd.  at  Opequan,  Ya.,  Sept.  19,  '64;  dischg. 
by  Gen.  Order,  July  11,  '65. 

Knight,  S.  W.,   mus.  in  Oct.  29,  '62;  died,  date  unknown. 

Leonard,  Asa,   mus.    in   Feb.   5,   '64;  mus.  out  with  Co.    B,  3d 
Eegt,   Frov.   Cav.,   Oct.   31,   '65. 

Lincoln,  Andrew,  dischg.   by  Gen.   Order,  July   11,   '65. 

Lindsay,  Francis,    mus.    in    March    29,    '()5;    dischg.    by  Gen. 
Order,  June  27,  '65. 

Longstreth,   William,   mus.   in   Nov.   23,   '(i2;  died   at  Washing- 
ton, I).   C,   Aug.  19.   "63;   buried   in  Mil.  Asylum   Cemetery. 

Lindsey,  James,    mus,    in    Nov.  23,  '62;    died  at  Washington,  , 
D.  C,  Aug.  6,  '63;  bur.  rec,  July  13,  '63;  buried  in  Mil.  Asylum 
Cemetery. 

Lapping,  John,  killed  ai  Hanover  Court  House.  Ya.,  May  30, 
^64. 

Lasnire.   Henry,  died,  date  unknown. 

Lieb,  John  A.,  mus.  in   Feb.  26,  '64;  pr.  to  Capt.  12Tth  Ilegt., 
U.  S.  C.  T.;  disclig.   Sept.   10,  '65. 

Morris,  John  F.,  mus.   in   Feb.  23,    '(>4;  mus.  out  with  Co.    15, 
3d  liegt.  Frov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  '65. 

Monroe,  Thomas  J.,   mus.   in  April  4,   '()5;   mus.   out   with  Co. 
B,  3d  Regt.  Frov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  '65. 

Minor,  Calvin,  mus.   in   March   29.   '65;   mus.    out  with  Co.  B, 
3d   Regt.  Frov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  '()5. 

Mitlaneer,   Lemuel  H.,  dischg.   by  Gen.  Order,  July  11,  '65. 

Martin,  Wm.  H.,  disch.  by  Gen.  Order,  July  11,  '65. 

Martin,  Fhilip  C,  disch.  by  Gen.  Order,  July  11,  '65. 

Maukey,  Henry  C,  pris.  from  June  30  to  Nov.  1,  "63;  dischg. 
by  Gen.   Order,  July  11,  '6)5. 

Martin,  Joseph   W.,  mus.   in  Oct.  S,  '64;    des.    Jan.    14;    ret. 
May  5,  '65;  dischg.  by  Gen.  Order,  May  6,  '65. 

Morris,  Joseph  C,  captured;  died  at  Richmond,  Ya.,  Feb.  26, 
^64. 

Meeks,  Eli,  captnred;  died  at  Richmond,  Ya.,  Dec.  22,    '63,  of 
wds.  reed,  in  action. 

Miller,  John    D..   mus.   in   Feb.   5,  '64;  absent  at  mus.  out. 

Murphy,  John.  mus.  in  April  6,  '65;  des.  Sept.  10,  '65. 

Martin,  Matthias,  dischg.  by  Gen.  Order,  July  1,  '65. 

Murphy,  Jeremiah,  mus.  in'Sept.  7,  '64;  dischg.  by  Gen.  Order, 
June  13,  '♦)5. 

Madigan,  Dennis,  mus.  in  April  5,  '65;  drafted;  dischg.  by  Gen. 
Order,  June  21,  '65. 


434  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

May,  James,  nuis.  in  Marcli  25,  '04;  not  accounted  for. 

McGrady,  Kobert,  absent  at  mus.  out. 

McClellan,  Asa  S.,  dischg.  Marcli  28,  '03. 

McCiillongh,  Joses,  burial  record  L.  C.  McCough;  died  at 
Andersonville,  Ga.,  Aug.  14,  '04;  grave  5,042. 

O'Dwyer,  Thos.  J.,  mus.  in  April  4,  '05;  dischg.  by  Gen.  Order, 
Aug.  25,  '05. 

Poland,  John  AV.,  prisoner  from  jS'ov.  18,  '03,  to  June  7,  '05; 
disclig.  by  Gen.  Order,  July  1,  '05. 

Poland,  Cavalier,  wd.  at  Spottsylvania,  May  8,  '04;  tr.  to  Yet. 
R.  C;  dischg.  by  Gen.  Order,  Sept.  12,  '05. 

Phelan,  Wm.,  mus.  in  April  20,  '04;   not  accounted  for, 

Ilineliart,  John  T.,  mus.  in  Feb.  23,  '()4;  mus.  out  with  Co.  B, 
3d  Ilegt.,  Prov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  '05. 

Keese,  David,  dischg.  by  Gen.  Order,  Aug.  18,  '05. 

Radlinghafer,  M.,  pris.  from  Nov.  30,  '03,  to  Dec.  8,  '04;  dischg. 
by  Gen.  Order,  July  11,  '05. 

Rex,  Harper,  dischg.  by  Gen.  Order,  July  11,  '()5. 

Rush,  Levi,  dischg.  by  Gen.   Order,  July  11,  '05. 

Rhoade,  William   P.  dischg.  by  (lien.   Order,  July  11,   '05. 

Rush,  Peter,  dischg.  March  28,  *03. 

Rogers,  Alexander  W.,  dischg.  Aug.  25,  '03. 

Rush,  Isaiah,  dischg.  on  Surg.  Cert.  Nov.  10,  '04. 

Richie,  Samuel,  nins.  in  Sept.  9,  '04;  dischg.  by  Gen.  Order,. 
June  13,  '05. 

Rex,  George,  mns.  in  Feb.  29,  '04;  capt.  at  Old  Ch.,  Va.,  June 
11,  '04;  died  at  Andersonville,  Ga.,  Sept.  17,  '(54;  grave  9,019. 

Rhinehart,  Arthur  J.,  mus.  in  March  20,  '04;  died  at  Phila- 
delphia, Oct.  0,  '04,  of  wds.  reed,  at  Opequan,  Ya.,  Sept.  19,  '04. 

Svphers,  Peter  M.,  mus.  in  Feb.  23,  '04;  mus.  out  with  Co.  B^ 
3d  Regt.  Prov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  '05. 

Smith,  Dennis,  absent  at  mus.  out. 

Smith,  Francis,  mus.  in  Dec.  1,  '04;  drowned  near  Racine,  (.)., 
Oct.  20,  '05. 

Stull,  Lewis  W.,  mus.  in  Aug.  23,  '02;  dischg.  May  14,  '03. 

Stickles,  Amos,  dischg.  Jan.  22,  '03. 

Sherrick,  Isaac  W.,  M'd.  at  Opequan,  Ya.,  Sept.  19,  '04;  dischg. 
on  Surg.  Cert.;  date  unknown. 

Straight,  Henry,  dischg.  by  Gen.  Order,  June  12,  '05. 

Shape,  Frederick,  captured;  died  at  Andersonville,  Ga.,  Aug. 
13,  '04;  grave  5,494. 

Smith,  William,  des.  Nov.  22,  '02. 

Smith,  Cowperthwait  C,  des.  Jnne,  5,  '05. 

Sullivan,  Cornelius,    mus.   in   Sept.    10,   '04;  not   accounted   for 

Tukesbury,  John,  dischg.  by  Gen.  Order,  July  11,  '05. 


//^y^ri  c/^^^  -     ^^t^>^^^r--^?in^ 


•'^ 


\ 


HISTORY    OV    GREENE    COUNTY.  437 

Thomas,  John,  killed  at  Fisher's* Hill,  Ya.,  Oct.  S,  '64. 

Tukesbury,  William,  wd.    iu  action,    Sept.    1,   '64;  not   on   mus. 
out  roll. 

Ulum,  Henry,  captured;  died,  date  unknown. 

Valentine,  John,  mus.  in  April  10,  '65;  dischg.  by  Gen.  Order, 
May  23,  '65. 

White,  James  D.,  wd.  at  Old  Church,  Va.,  June  11,  '64;  absent 
at  mus.  out. 

Whales,  Alexander,  abs.  at  mus.  out. 

White,  Francis  M.,  wd.  at  Hanover,  C.  H.  Va.,  May  31,  '64; 
dischg.  by  Gen.  Order,  July  11,  "(55. 

Wagner,  George  W.,  mus.  in  Sept.  6,  '64;  dischg.  by  Gen. 
Order,  June  13,  '65. 

West,  Thomas,  died  at  Fairfax  Court  House,  Va.,  May  7,  '63. 

Whipkey,  Silas,  mus.  in  March  23,  '62;  died  at  Fairfax  C.  PL, 
June  20,  '63. 

Wilson,  John  ^V.,  mus.  in  April  4,  '65;  des.  Sept.  10,  '65. 

Welte,  Rudolph,  mus.  in  Aug.  15,  "64;  Jiot  accounted  for. 

Yates,  Hazlet  M.,  wd.  at  Opequan,  Va.,  Sept.  19,  "64;  dischg. 
by  Gen.  Order,  July  11,  '65. 

Yoders,  Joseph  C,  wd.  at  Opequan,  Ya.,  Sept.  19,  "64;  dischg. 
by  Gen.  Order,  July  11,  '65. 

Yates,  Alexander,  died  at  Frederick,  Md.,  Aug.  6,  '63,  of  wds. 
reed,  in  action;  bur.  rec.  July  25,  "63;  bur.  in  Nat.  Cem.,  Antietam, 
Section  20,  lot  E,  grave  501. 

Yoders,  John  J.,  mus.  in  March  11,  '64;  died  at  City  Point,  Ya., 
Aug.  9,  "64;  bur.  in  Nat.  Cem.,  Section  E,  division  4,  grave  107. 

Young,  Harrison,  mus.  in  March  30,  '65;  des.  Sept.  10,  "65. 

Yoders,  Wm.  IL,  dischg.  by  Gen.  Order,  June  22,  "65. 

Company  C,  Onk  Hcndkkd  and  Sixty-Tuird  ReCxIMEnt,  Eighteenth 

Cavalry. 

Recruited  in  Greene  County,  mustered  in  Nov.  23,  1862. 

James  Hughes,  Capt.,  mus.'  in  Nov.  27,  '62;  resigned  Feb.  14,  "63, 

Frederick  Zarracher,  Capt.,  mus.  in  April  23,  "64;  mus.  out  with 
Co.  C,  3d  Regt.  Prov.  Cav.  Oct.  31,  "65. 

Samuel  Montgomery,  1st  Lieut.,  mus.  in  Dec.  3,  "62;  resigned 
Oct.  23,  '63. 

Francis  A.  J.  Grey,  2d  Fieut.,  mus.  in  Nov.  29,  '62;  resigned 
May  14,  "63. 

James  R.  Weaver,  2d  Lieut.,  mus.  in  Nov.  15,  "<')2;  pr.  fr.  Sergt. 
to  Major,  June  18,  '63;  com.  1st  Lieut.  April  1,  "64;  not  mus.;  Bv. 
1st  Lieut.,  Capt.,  Major  and  Lieut.-Col.  March  13,  '()5;  disch.  May 
15,  '65. 


438  HISTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

Charles  Edwards,  2d  Lieut.,  pr.  fr.  Sergt.  May  16,  '65;  com.  1st 
Lieut.  May  16,  '65;  not  mus. ;  mus.  out  with  Co.  3d  Rej^t.  Prov.  Cav. 
Oct.  31, '65. 

James  Bums,  1st  Sergt.,  discli.  by  Gen.  Order,  July  10,  '65. 

Eli  J.  White,  1st  Sergt,  killed  at  Opequan,  Ya.,  Sept.  19,  '64. 

Jonathan  Gregory,  1st  Sergt.,  captured;  died  at  Richmond,  Va., 
Jan.  5,  '64;  bur.  in  Nat.  Cem.,  Sec.  C,  div.  l,gi'ave  187. 

-lohn  M.  Aslibrook,  1st  Sergt.,  captured  at  Mine  Run,  Va.,  May 
5,  '<)4;  died  at  Florence,  North  Carolina,  Nov.  18,  '64. 

Benjamin  II,  James,  1st  Sergt.;  not  on  mus.  out  roll. 

W.  H.  McGlumphey,  Q.  M.  Sergt.,  dis.  by  Gen.  Order,  July  10,  '65. 

George  W.  Love,  Q.  M,  Sergt.,  mus.  in  Feb.  27,  "64;  mus.  out  with 
Co.  3d  Regt.  Prov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  '65. 

Samuel  C.  Oliver,   Q.  M,  Sergt.,  not  on  mus.  out  roll. 

John  S.  Ackley,  Com.  Sergt.,  disch.  by  Gen.  Order,  July  10,  '65. 

Reuben  Sanders,  Sergt.,  prisoner  fr.  (3ct.  11,  '63,  to  April  16,  '64; 
disch.  by  Gen.  Order,  July  10,  '65. 

James  L.  Hughes,  Sergt.,  pr.  fr.  Corp.  May  1,  '65;  disch.  by  Gen. 
Order,  July  10,  '65. 

William  M.  Smith,  mus.  in  Feb.  27,  '()4;  mus.  out  with  Co.  C, 
3 J  Regt.  Prov.  Cav.  Oct.  31,  '65;  A^et. 

Frederick  Filleman,  Sergt.,  mus.  in  Feb.  27,  '64;  pr.  fr.  Corp. 
May  1,  '65;  mus.  out  with  Co.  C,  3d  Regt.,  Prov^.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  '65; 
Vet. 

Martin  Supler,  Sergt.;  not  on  mus.  out  roll. 

A.  L.  Montgomery,  Sergt. ;  not  on  mus.  out  roll. 

John  Hulings,  Sergt.;  mus.  in  Oct.  18,  '62;  tr.  to  V.  R.  Co.; 
disch.  Oct.  18,  '65;  exp.  term. 

Maxwell  Bayles,  Corp.,  mus.  out  with  Co.  C.  3d  Prov.  Cav.,  Oct. 
3,  '65. 

Thomas  Miller,  Corp.,  mus.  in  Feb.  25,  '64;  wd.  at  St.  Mary's 
Church,  Va.,  June  15, '64;  mus.  out  with  Co.  C,  3d  Regt.  Prov,  Cav., 
Oct.  31,  '65, 

Edward  E.  Newlin,  Corp.,  mus.  in  March  8, '64;  wd.  at  Opequan, 
Sept.  19,  '64;  mus.  out  with  Co.  C,  3d  Regt.  Prov.  Cav.  Oct.  31,  '65. 

AVilliam  Ilofford,  Corp.,  mus,  in  March  10,  '64;  mus.  out  with 
Co.  C,  3d  Regt,  Prov.  Cav.  Oct.  31,  '65. 

William  Filby,  Corp.,  disch.  by  Gen.  Order,  July  10,  '65. 

Elisha  Dailey,  Corp.,  mus,  in  Dec,  7,  '62;  wd.  at  St,  Mary's 
Church,  Va.,  June  15,  '64;  pr.  to  Corp.,  May  1,  '()5;  disch  by  Gen. 
Order,  July  10,  '65. 

Daniel  W.  Vanata,  Corp.,  mus.  in  Dec.  7,  '62;  disch.  on  Surg. 
Cert.  Jan.  16,  '65, 

Dennis  Murphy,  tr,  to  Vet,  Lies.  Corps,  Sept.  3,  '64 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  439 

Francis  Clutter,  Corp.,  captured;  died  at  Anderson ville,  Ga.,  May- 
Si,  '64. 

Joseph  Eidle,  Corp.,  mus.  in  Marcli  15,  '64;  killed  at  Opequan, 
Sept.  19,  -64;  bur.  in  Nat.  Cem.,  Winchester,  Ya.,  lot  18. 

John  B.  Moorse,  Corp.,  not  on  mus.  out  roll. 

Joseph  Spilman,  Corp.,  not  on  mus.  out  roll. 

Wilson  Mortbrd,  Corp.,  not  on  mus.  out  roll. 

James  Hagerty,  Corp.,  not  on  mus.  out  roll. 

John  Anderson,  blacksmith,  disch.  by  Gen.  Order,  July  10,  '65. 

George  Elms,  blacksmith,  disch.  by  Gen.  Order,  July  10,  '65. 

William  Henninger,  saddler,  mus.  in  March  12,  '64;  mus.  out 
with  Co.  C,  3d  Kegt.  Prov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  "65. 

Thomas  Vanata,  saddler,  mus.  in  March  12.  "(^)4;  mus.  out  with 
Co.  C,  3d  Regt.  Trov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  ^65. 

Allums,  Porter,  disch.  by  Gen.  Order,  June  K),  "65. 

Allen,  James,  mus.  in  Dec.  7,  '63;  died  at  Wilmington,  N.  C, 
March  9,  '65. 

Burns,  Harvey,  mus.  out  with  Co.  C,  3d  Regt.  Prov.  Cav.,  Oct. 
31,  '65. 

Barnhart,  Wilson,  mus.  in  Dec.  7.  "62;  disch.  date  unknown. 

Barger,  A.  -F.,  not  on  mus.  out  roll. 

Barnhart,  Thomas,  not  on  mus.  out  roll. 

Parnhart,  Benjamin,  not  on  mus.  out  roll. 

Clutter,  Seeley  B.,  mus.  in  Dec.  7,  '62;  disch.  date  unkown. 

Clutter,  Addison,  mus.  in  Dec.  7,  '62;  disch.  date  unknown. 

Carter,  Daniel,  mus.  in  Dec.  7,  '62;  disch.  b}^  Gen.  Order,  July 
10,  '65. 

Crate,  Joseph,  mus.  in  March  3,  '64;  disch.  June  6,  '65. 

Clank,  Samuel,  mus.  in  Dee.  19,  '62;  mus.  out  with  Co.  C,  3d 
Regt.  Prov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  '65. 

Cuthberson,  William,  inus.  in  March  11,  '64;  mus.  out  with  Co. 
C,  3d  Regt.  Prov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  '65. 

Canavan,  John,  mus.  in  Feb.  15,  '64;  mus.  out  with  Co.  C,  3d 
Regt.  Prov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  65. 

Curry,  AVilliam,  mus.  in  April  29,  '64;  mus.  out  with  Co.  C,  3d 
Regt.  Prov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31j  '65. 

Crooks,  John,  mus.  in  March  4,  '64;  des.  Sept.  9,  '65. 

Crawford,  AVilliam,  died;  bur.  in  Nat.  Cem.,  Gettysburg,  Sec.  E, 
grave  12. 

Cartwright,  James  II.,  tr.  to  Vet.  Res.  Corps;  disch.  by  Gen. 
Order,  July  14. 

Clark,  James,  not  on  mus.  out  roll. 

Campbell,  Daniel,  mus.  in  March  31,  '64;  disch.  by  Gen.  Order, 
June  20,  '65. 

Conner,  Michael,  mus.  in  March  28,  '64;  not  accounted  for. 


440  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

Cox,  William,  mus.  in  March  19,  '64;  not  accounted  for. 
Durbin,  John,  mus.  in   Dec.  7,  '62;  disch.  on   Surg.   Cert.  June 

6,  '65. 

Douglass,  Andrew  J.,  mus.  in  Dec.  7,  '62;  discli,  by  Gen.  Order, 
July  10,  '65. 

Dille,  Abraham  Y.,  mus.  in  Nov.  23,  '62;  disch.  by  Gen.  Order, 
July  10,  '65. 

Durbin,  Andrew  J.,  captured;  died  at  Salsbury,  N.  C,  Dec.  8,  '64. 

Day,  William  B.,  captured;  died  at  liichmond,  Va.,  Feb.  21,  '64. 

Davis,  Thomas,  mus.  in  Feb.  26,  '64;  wd.  at  Kearneysville,  Ya., 
Aug.  26,  '64;  mus.  out  with  Co.  C,  3d  Regt.  Prov.  Cav.;  Oct.  31,  '65. 

Davis,  Daniel,  wd.  at  St.  Mary's  Church,  Ya.,  June  15, '64;  disch. 
by  Gen.  Order,  July  1, '65, 

Davis,  William,  mus.  in  March  19,  '64;  captured;  died  at  Salis- 
bury, K  C,  Dec.  4, '64. 

Dunlap,  James  B.,  mus.  in  Aug.  16,  '63;  des.  July  20, '65. 

Denny,  John  II.,  not  on  mus.  out  roll. 

Duncan,  John,  mus.  in  March  8,  '64;  not  accounted  for. 

Doyle,  Cornelius,  mus.  in  March  22,  '64;  not  accounted  for. 

Elder,  Joshua  A.  R.,  mus.  in  April  7,  '64;  disch.  by  Gen.  Order, 
July  14,  '65. 

Elder,  Abraham,  mus.  in  March  16,  '64;  mus.  out  with  Co.  C, 
3d  Begt.  Prov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  '65. 

Elliott,  George,  mus.  in  Dec.  7,  '62;  captured;  died  at  Bichmond, 
Ya.,  Feb.  20,  '64. 

Founer,  David,  disch.  by  Gen.  Order,  July  10,  '65. 

Founer,  Charles,  mus.  in  March  28,  '64;  mus.  out  with  Co.  C,  3d 
Begt.  Prov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  '65. 

Fleming,  Henry  S.,  mus.  in  March  8,  '64;  mus.  out  with  Co.  C,  3d 
Begt.  Prov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  '65. 

Filby,  Thomas,  tr.  to  Yet.  Bes.  Corps,  Sept.  20,  64;  disch.  by 
Gen.  Order,  Aug.  2,  '65. 

Fox,  Henry,  not  on  mus.  out  roll. 

Grandon,  Isaac  M.,  disch.  by  Gen.  Order,  July  10,  '65. 

Gump,  Philip,  mus.  in  Dec.  7,  '62;  disch.  May  22,  '65,  for  wds. 
rec'd  at  Cedar  Creek,  Ya.,Oct.  19,  '64:. 

Gump,  George  W.,  died  at  Baltimore,  Md.,  Feb.  19,  '65;  burial 
rec.  Feb.  10,  '65;  bur.  in  Nat.  Cem.,  Loudon  Park. 

Gray,  William,  mus.  in  Feb.  28,  '64;  mus.  out  with  Co.  C,  3d 
Begt.  Prov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  '65;  Yet. 

Gump,  David,  not  on  mus.  out  roll. 

Gump,  Peter,  not  on  mus.  out  roll. 

Gaessler,  Frederick,  mus.  in  March  17,  '64;  not  accounted  for. 

Hickman,  Morgan,  discli.  by  Gen.  Order,  July  10,  '65. 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  441 

Humbertson,  William,  mus.  in  April  7,  '64;  miis.  out  with  Co. 
C,  3d  Eegt.  Prov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  '(35. 

Hughes,  William  P.,  disch.  by  Gen.  Order,  May  15,  '65. 

Hartranft,  Levi  W.,  mus.  in  Peb.  26,  '64;  des.  ISept.  17,  '65. 

Huss,  James  C,  not  on  mus.  out  roll. 

Harris,  Edward,  mus.  in  March  25,  '64;  not  accounted  for. 

James,  John,  disch.  by  Gen.  Order,  July  10,  '65. 

Johnson,  John  D.,  tr.  to  Yet.  Res.  Corps,  Sept.  20,  '64;  disch,  on 
Surg.  Cert.,  July  27,  '65. 

Kemble,  James,  captured;  died  at  Ilichmond,  Va.,  Feb.  5,  '64. 

Kline,  Adam,  mus.  in  Feb.  25,  '64;  mus.  out  with  Co.  C,  3d 
Regt.  Prov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  '65. 

Klinger,  George,  raus.  in  Feb.  25,  '64;  mus.  out  with  Co.  C,  3d 
Regt.  Prov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  '65. 

Xerr,  Jonathan,  raus.  in  Feb.  25,  '64;  died  at  Philadelphia.  Jan. 
17,  *65. 

Kenney,  Henry,  mus.  in  March  2,  '64;  des.  June  1,  '65. 

Kemble,  John  R.,  not  on  mus.  out  roll. 

Keller,  A.  J.,  not  on  mus.  out  roll. 

Leonard,  Richard  J.,  died  at  Harper's  Ferry,  Ya.,  Jan.  4,  '65. 

Lynn,  Robert  H.,  mus.  in  Feb.  25,  '64;  mus.  out  with  Co.  C,  3d 
Regt.  Prov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  '65. 

Mauger,  Andrew  J.,  mus.  in  March  2,  '64;  mus.  out  with  Co.  C, 
3d  Regt.  Prov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  '65. 

Masters,  Joseph,  disch.  by  Gen  Order,  July  10,  '65. 

Meloy,  James  H.,  disch.  by  Gen.  Order,  May  15,  '65. 

Moser,  Nathan,  mus.  in  March  8,  '64;  mus.  out  with  Co.  C, 
3d  Regt.  Prov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  '65. 

Morris,  Randall,  mus.  in  April  7,  '64;  disch.  by  Gen.  Order, 
May  23,  '65. 

Miller,  Washington  F.,  mus.  in  Feb.  2,  '64;  captured;  died  at 
Andersonville,  Ga.,  Oct.  7,  '64;  grave  10,486. 

Murphy,  John,  mus.  in  March  16,  '64;  captured;  died  at  Dan- 
ville, March   8,  '65. 

Morse,  Jonathan  B.,  captured;  died  at  Richmond,  Ya.,  Feb.  20, 
'64;  burial  record  Dec.  6,  '63. 

Matthews,  Samuel  L.,  mus.  in  March  15,  '64;  des.  July  7,  "63. 

Montgomery,  Levi,  not  on  mus.  out  roll. 

McNutt,  Joel,  Dec.  7,  '62;  mus.  out  with  Co.  C,  3d  Regt.  Prov. 
Cav.,  Oct.  31,  '65. 

McDonald,  James,  disch.  by  Gen.  Order,  July  10,  '65. 

McKean,  John,  disch.  by  Gen,  Order,  July  10,  '65. 

McKann,  John,  tr.  to  Yet.  Res.  Corps,  Sept.  20,  '64;  disch.  by 
Gen.  Order,  Aug.  2,  '65. 


442  IllSTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

McLaughlin,  Thomas,  mns.  in  Marcli  23,  '64;  wd.  in  action  Sept. 
1,  '64;  nuis.  out  with  Co.  C,  3d  liegt.  Prov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  *65. 

McLaughlin,  Edward,  nius.  in  March  23,  '64;  mus.  out  with  Co. 
C,  3d  Regt.  Pro.  Cav.  Oct.  31,  '65. 

McCloskey,  F.  P.,  mus.  in  March  23,  '64:  mus.  out  with  Co.  C, 
3d  Kegt.  Prov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  '65. 

McKean,  Alexander,  not  on  mus.  out  roll. 

McCabe,  James,  mus.  in  March  25,  '64;  not  accounted  for. 

Pitcock,  Andrew,  mus.  in  Dec.  7,  '62;  prisoner  from  May  5,  '64 
to  June  8,  '65;  disch.  by  Gen.  Order,  July  1,  '65. 

Pettit,  R.  L.,  died  at  Winchester,  Va.,  Nov.  21,  of  wds.  rec'd 
Sept.  28,  '64. 

Poland,  Thomas,  died;  date  unknown. 

Pettit,  Levi,  mus.  in  March  15,  '64;  mus.  out  with  Co.  C,  3d 
Eegt.  Prov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  '65. 

Peel,  George  W.,  mus.  in  Feb.  25,  '64;  mus.  out  with  Co.  C, 
3d  Regt.  Prov.  Cav.,  Oct  31,  '65. 

Porter,  James  M.  A.,  mus,  in  March  22, '64;  mus.  out.  with  Co. 
C,  3d  Ptegt.  Prov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  '65. 

Poland,  Cavalier,  tr.  to  Co.  A.,  date  unknown. 

Rum,  William,  disch.  by  Gen.  Order,  July  19,  '65. 

Roach,  Samuel  11.,  tr.  to  9th  Regt.  Res.  Corps,  Sept.  20,  '64; 
disch.  by  Gen,  Order,  Aug.  2,  '65. 

Reese,  Abednego,  mus.  in  March  4,  *64;  mus.  out  with  Co.  C,  3d 
Regt.  Prov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  '65. 

Ray,  Joseph,  mus.  in  Feb.  25,  '64;  wd.  in  action  March  9,  '65; 
mus.  out  with  Co.  C,  3d  Regt.  Prov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  '65. 

Ray,  William,  mus.  in  Feb.  25,  '()4;  mus.  out  with  Co.  C,  3d  Regt. 
Prov.  Cav.,  Oct  31,  '65. 

Richards,  John,  mus.  in  Feb.  25,  '64;  mus.  out  with  Co.  C,  3d 
Regt.  Prov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  '65. 

Rauch,  Levi,  mus.  in  Feb.  25,  '64;  mus.  out  with  Co.  C,  3d  Regt. 
Prov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  '65. 

Rich,  Jacob,  mus.  in  March  7,  '64;  mus.  out  with  Co.  C,  3d  Regt. 
Prov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31, '65. 

Roberts,  Lemuel,  tr.  to  Vet.  Res.  Corps,  Jan.  21,  '(35;  disch.  on 
Surg.  Cert.  June  16,  '65. 

Reaves,  James  S.,  mus.  in  March  17,  '64;  not  accounted  for. 

Steward,  Isaac,  mus.  in  Dec.  7,  '62;  absent,  sick  at  mus.  out. 

Stall,  John,  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert.,  July  13,  '65. 

Sloan,  James,  mus.  in  Dec.  7,  '62;  discli.  on  Surg.  Cert.,  Feb. 
8,  '65. 

Shultz,  Jacob,  disch.  by  Special  Order,  July  10,  '65. 

Staggers,  John  P.,  discli.  by  Special  Order,  July  10,  '65. 

Snyder,  David,  disch.  by  Special  Order,  July  10,  *65. 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  44B 

Snyder,  Philip,  discli.  by  Special  Order,  July  11,  "65. 

Soilej-s,  Levi,  tr.  to  Vet.  Res.  Corps;  d;ite  unknown. 

Stewart,  John  W.,  des. ;  date  unknown. 

Snyder,  Gotlieb  G.,  mus.  in  April  15,  '64:;  mus.  out  with  Co.  C, 
3d  Regt.  Prov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  '65. 

Stanley,  William  J.,  mus.  in  March  2S,  '64;  mus.  out  with  Co.  C, 
3d  Kegt.  Prov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  '65. 

Simmons,  Samuel,  mus.  in  Feb.  25,  '64;  disch.  by  Gen.  Order, 
June  20,  '65. 

Smith,  Peter,  mus.  in  March  18,  '64;  not  accounted  for, 

Thompson,  Stephen  B.,  mus.  out  with  Co.  C,  3d  Kegt.  Prov.  Cav., 
Oct.  31'  '65. 

Toppin,  John,  mus.  in  Feb.  29,  '64;  mus  out  with  Co.  C,  3d  Regt. 
Prov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31, '65. 

Tatterson,  Marshall,  mus.  in  Feb.  29,  '64;  mus.  out  with  Co.  C, 
3d  Regt.  Prov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  '65. 

Vanatta,  Clark,  not  on  mus.  out  roll. 

Wright,  John  M.,  disch.  by  Gen.  Order,  July  10,  '65. 

Whipkey,  Noah,  mus.  in  Dec.  7,  '62;  disch.  l)y  Gen.  Order,  June 
21,  '65. 

Winters,  Samuel,  mus.  in  March  15,  "64;  mus.  out  with  Co.  C,  3d 
Prov.Cav.  Oct.31, '65. 

Walley,  Peter,  mus.  in  March  23,  '64;  mus.  out  with  Co.  C,  3d 
Regt.  Prov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  '65. 

Walker,  Edward,  mus.  in  April  6,  '64;  mus.  out  with  Co.  C,  3d 
Regt.  Prov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  '65. 

Wingert,  David,  mus.  in  March  0,  '64;  killed  at  Opequan,  Va., 
Sept.  19,  '64. 

Wingert,  Moses,  not  on  mus.  out  roll. 

Wortman,  Andrew,  not  on  mus.  out  roll. 

Williamson,  Charles,  mus.  in  March  28,  '64;  not  accounted  for. 

Williams,  Thomas,  mus.  in  March  28,  '64;  not  accounted  for. 

Wicks,  John,  mus.  in  March  19, '64;  not  accounted  for. 

Zeiser,  Philip  J.,  mus.  in  March  4,  '64;  des.  June  1,  '65. 

Company  G.,  One  Hu>;nRKi)  and  Sixty-thikd  Regiment,  Eighteenth 

Cavalry. 

Recruited  in  Greene  County;  mustered  in  Nov.  19,  1862. 

M.  S.  Kingsland,  Capt.,  mus.  in  Dec.  8,  '62;  wd.  at  Germania 
Ford,  Ya.,  Nov.  18,  '63,  and  at  TIanover  C.  H.  May  31,  '64;  disch. 
Aug.  17,  '64. 

Penjamin  F.  Ilerritigton,  Capt.,  mus.  in  Aug.  23,  '62;  pr.  fr.  Com. 
Sergt.,  Co.  A,  to  2d  Lient,,  Dec.  8,  '62;  to  Capt.,  May  13,  '65;  disch. 
by  Special  Order,  July  21,  "(55. 

22 


444  HISTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

Thomas  P.  Shields,  1st  Lieut.,  inns,  in  Nov.  23,  '62;  disch.  Oct. 
22,  '63. 

James  A.  Irwin,  1st  Lieut.,  pr.  to  1st  Lieut.,  Nov.  1,  '64;  com. 
Capt.  Aug.  18,  '64;  not  mus.,  resigned  April  8,  '(]5. 

John  Rodgers,  1st  Lieut.,  pr.  tr.  Sergt.,  May  14,  '65;  mus.  out 
with  Co.  C,  3d  Regt.  Frov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  "65. 

AVilliam  LI.  AVebster,  1st  Sergt.,  mus.  out  with  Co.  C,  3d  Regt. 
Prov.  Cav,,  Oct.  31,  '65. 

Charles  II.  Hook,  1st  Sergt.,  prisoner  from  June  10,  '64,  to  June 
10,  '65;  disch.  by  Gen.  Order,  June  30,  '65. 

Isaac  J^nckinghani,  Com.  Sergt.,  mus.  out  with  Co.  C,  3d  Regt., 
Prov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  '65. 

Wm.  G.  Miliken,  Sergt.,  mus.  in  Dec.  8,  '62;  mus.  out  with  Co. 
C,  3d  Regt.  Prov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  *65. 

Theophilus  L.  Bunzo,  Sergt,,  captured;  mus.  out  with  Co.  C,  3d 
Regt.  Prov,  Cav,,  Oct.  31,  '65. 

Shudrack  M.  Sellers,  Sergt,,  mus,  in  Dec,  7,  '62;  dischg,  by  Gen, 
Order;  date  unknown, 

Joiin  Coe,  Sergt.,  mus,  in  Dec,  7,  '62;  dischg,  by  Gen,  Order; 
date  unknown, 

Samuel  Dodd,  Sergt.,  mus.  in  Dec.  7,  '62;  pro.  to  Veterinary 
Surg.  March  3,  1863.  ^ 

Nicholas  J,  Headlee,  Sergt.;  tr.  to  Vet.  Res.  Corps,  Feb.  2,  '63. 

Lorenzo  D.  Headlee,  Sergt.,  killed  at  Chantilly,  Va.,  Feb.  2,  '63. 

Zenas  Jewell,  Sergt.,  killed  at  Ilagerstown,  Md.,  July  6,  '63; 
bur.  in  Nat.  Cem.,  Antietam,  Sec.  26,  lot  D,  grave  392. 

Thomas  Thompson,  Sergt,,  captured  at  Mine  Run,  May  5,  '64; 
died  at  Andersonvilie,  Ga.,  July  28,  '64;  grave  4,116, 

William  Scott,  Sergt,,  pro,  to  2d  Lieut,,  Co,  A,  Jan.  2,  '65. 

John  Wells,  Corp,,  mus,  in  Feb.  29,  '64;  mus,  out  with  Co.  C, 
3d  Regt,  Prov,  Cav,,  Oct,  31,  '65, 

Charles  T,  Webster,  Corp.,  mus.  out  with  Co.  C,  3d  Regt.  Prov. 
Cav,,  Oct,  31,  '65. 

William  Milliken,  Corp.,  mus.  in  Dec,  9,  "62:  dischg,  by  Gen, 
Order;  date  unknown, 

James  II.  Miller,  Corp.,  dischg,  by  Gen,  Order;  date  unknown, 

Amos  P,  Ryan,  Corp,,  dischg,  by  Gen,  Order;  date  unknown, 

Roseberry,  Hughes,  Corp,,  wd,  at  Ilagerstown,  Md,,  July  6,  '63, 
and  at  Winchester,  Va.,  Aug.  17,  '64;  dischg.  by  Gen.  Order,  July 
21,  '65, 

John  C.  Shields,  Corp,,  dischg.;  date  unknown, 

David  Thorp.,  Corp.,  captured  at  Mine  Run,  Va.,  May,  5,  '64; 
died  at  Andersonvilie,  Ga.,  Sept.  19,  '64;  grave  9,212. 

John  Yoders,  Bugler,  mus.  in  Dec.  9,  '62;  mus.  out  with  Co.  C, 
3d  Regt.  Prov.   Cav.,  Oct.   31,  '65. 


MtSTOKY    OF    (4KKENE    COITNTY.  445 

Anderson,  Isaac,  mns.  in  Oct.  9,  '02;  killed  at  TIagerstown,  ]V[d,, 
July  6,  "03. 

Burke,  Silas,  mus.  in  July  6,  '64;  drafted;  nnis.  out  with  Co. 
C,  3d  Regt.  Prov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  '65. 

Bennett,  Isaac,  dischg.  by  Gen.  Order;  date  unknown. 

Behey,  Henry,  nius.  in  Sept.  10,  '<)4;  drafted;  disclig.  by  Gen. 
Order;  date  unknown. 

Barren,  Dalles,  mus.  in'Feb.  29,  '64;  tr.  to  Y.  R.  C;  dischg.  by 
Gen.  Order;  date  unknown. 

Church,  John  C,  mus.  in  Dec.  7,  '62;  absent,  sick  at  muster  out. 

Cumley,  Henry,  absent,  sick  at  mus.  out. 

Campbell,  Duncan,  mus.  in  April  15,  '65;  dischg.  by  Gen.  Order, 
Aug.  18,  '65. 

Cathers,  Orin  C,  mus.  in  Dec.  7,  "62;  dischg.  by  Gen.  Order; 
date  unknown. 

Conner,  Calvin,  mus.  in  Dec.  7,  '62,  dischg.  on  Surg.  Cert.; 
date  unknown. 

Church,  Rinehart  B.,  mus.  in  Dec.  7,  '62;  dischg.  by  Gen. 
Order;  date  unknown. 

Cooper,  John  B.,  dischg.  by  Gen.  Order;  date  unknown. 

Caster,  Porter,  drafted;  dischg.  by  Gen.  Order,  June  22,  '65. 

Castlow,  James,  mus.  in  Sept.  20,  '64;  drafted;  dischg.  by  Gen. 
Order,  June  22,  '65. 

Carter,  George  W.,  mus.  in  Sept.  3,  '64;  dischg.  by  Gen.  Order; 
date  unknown. 

Cox,  James,  mus.  in  March  18,  '65;  dischg.  bv  Gen.  Order,  June 
20,  '65. 

Cunningham,  Isaac,  died  at  Washington,  D.  C,  Oct.  17,  '63; 
bur.  in  Mil.  Asylum  Cem. 

Clayton,  James  W.,  mus.  in  June  25,  '64;  never  joined  company. 

Cisney,  James  W.,  mus.  in  Sept.  2,  '64;  never  joined  Co. 

Carroll,  Andrew,  mus.  in  March  30,  '64;  not  accounted  foi\ 

Davis,  Lewis,  mus.  in  June  19,  ()4;  drafted;  mus.  out  with  Co. 
C,  3d  Regt.  Prov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  '65. 

Dunn,  Francis,  dischg.  by  Gen.  Order;  date  unknown. 

Davis,  Simeon,  mus.  in  Feb.  18,  '64;  dischg.  by  Gen.  Order, 
June  16,  '65. 

Davis,  John,  mus.  in  Feb.  17,  '6)4;  wd.  at  Cedar  Creek,  Va.,  Oct. 
19,  '64;  dischg.  on  Surg.  Cert.  June  21,  '65. 

Debolt,  Isaac,  wd.  at  Glendale,  Va.,  May  12,  '64;  died  at  Han- 
over June.  June  28,  '64. 

Dunston,  Daniel,  captured;  died  at  Richmond,  Va.,  April  14,  '64. 

Edgar,  Reuben,  dischg.  by  Gen.  Order;  date  unknown. 

Fordice,  Silas,  mus.  in  Feb.  28,  '64;  mus.  out  with  Co.  C,  3d 
Regt.  Prov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  '65. 


446  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

Grim,  Lawrence  C,  miis.  in  Sept.  3,  '64;  disch.  by  Gen.  Order; 
date  unknown. 

George,  William,  mus.  in  Sept.  19,  '64;  drafted;  dischg.  by  Gen. 
Order,  June  22,  '65. 

Gump,  David,  missing  in  action  at  St.  Mary's  Churcli,  Va.,  June 
15,  '64. 

Gray,  Benjamin,  des.  July  25,  '63. 

Garrison,  Levi,  mus.  in  Feb.  27,  '64;  died  at  Alexandria,  Ya., 
March  29,  '64.  '       • 

Hoffman,  Milton,  mus.  in  Feb.  24,  '64;  mus.  out  with  Co.  C,  3d 
Regt.  Prov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  '65. 

Huffman,  Abraham,  mus.  in  Sept.  24,  '62;  absent,  sick  at  mus. 
out. 

Headlee,  John  T.,  mus.  in  Dec.  9,  '62;  dischg.  to  date  Oct. 
31,  '65. 

Hart,  George  W.,  disclig.  by  Gen.  Order,  June  17,  '65, 

Henderson,  Abner,  \vd.  at  Glendale,  Ya.,  May  12,  '64;  dischg. 
by  Gen.  Order;  date  unknown. 

Headlee,  Epraim,  dischg.  on  Surg.  Cert;  date  unknown. 

Fleadlee,  Jonas  D.,  captured;  died  at  Andersonville,  Ga.,  March 
15,  '65;  grave  12,883. 

Ishart,  Nicholas,  mus.  in  Dec.  9,  '62;  captured;  died  at  Ander- 
sonville, Ga.,  March  23,  '64;  grave  124. 

Kinney,  John  H.,  mus.  in  Feb.  29,  '64;  mus.  out  with  Co.  C,  3d 
Eegt.  Prov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  '65. 

Keyner,  Elisha,  dischg.  by  Gen.  Order,  Aug.  18,  '65. 

Kinney,  Hiram,  mus.  in  Sept.  3,  '64;  dischg.  by  Gen.  Order; 
date  unknown. 

Kintyhtt,  Leroy  W.,  mus.  in  Dec.  7,  '62;  disclig.  by  Gen.  Order; 
date  unknown. 

Killian,  John,  mus.  in  April  6,  '65;  never  joined  Co. 

Lewis,  George  T.,  mus.  in  Feb.  29,  '64;  wd.  in  action,  Sept.  1, 
'64;  mus.  out  with  Co.  C,  3d  Regt.  Prov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  '65. 

Lyons,  Henry,  mus.  in  Dec.  7,  '62;  dischg.  by  Gen.  Order;  date 
unknown. 

Lewis,  Constantine,  mus.  in  April  12,  '65;  dischg.  by  Gen. 
(Jrder,  June  14,  '65. 

Love,  Thomas  J.,  mus.  in  Sept.  2,  '64;  never  joined  company. 

Leely,  Ansel,  mus.  in  April  15,  '65;  drafted;  dischg.  by  Gen. 
Order,  July  19,  '65. 

Miller,  Samuel,  mus.  in  Sept.  21,  '64;  absent,  sick  at  mus.  out. 

Martin,  Robert,  mus.  in  April  14,  '65;  drafted,  abs.,  sick  at 
mus.  out. 

Mahon,  James,  wd.  at  Cedar  Creek,  Ya.,  Oct.  19, '64;  disch.  by 
Gen.  Order,  July  17,  "()5. 


HISTORY    OB^    GREENE    COUNTY.  447 

Martin,  Samuel,  inns,  in  Dec.  7,  '62;  discb.  by  Gen.  Order;  date 
unknown. 

Martin,  Tbomas,  mus.  in  April  14,  '65;  discb.  by  Gen.  Order, 
June  21,  '65. 

Milliken,  Tbomas,  mus.  in  Sept.  21,  '64;  discb.  by  Gen.  Order, 
date  unknown. 

Morris,  Josepb,  died  at  Fairfax  Court  House,  Ya.,  June  10,  '63. 

Morris,  James,  died  at  Fairfax  Court  Honse,  Va.,  June  23, '63. 

Malson,  Andrew  C,  mus.  in  Dec.  9, '62;  died  at  Fairfax,  Ct.  H., 
June  23,  '63. 

Micbaels,  Ellis  E.,  des.;  date  unknown. 

McGlone,  James,  mus.  in  Feb.  24,  '64;  absent,  sick  at  mus.  out. 

McKeever.  Jobn,  died  July  23,  '64;  bur.  in  Nat.  Cem.,  Arlino-- 
ton,  Va. 

Fbillips,  Jobn,  Jr.,  mus.  in  Dec.  9,  '62;  died  at  Annapolis,  Md., 
Oct.  30,  '63. 

Fbillips,  Jobn,  Sr.,  mus.  in  Dec.  7,  *62;  died  at  Fairfax.  Ct.  II., 
May  19,  '63. 

Piles,  William,  des.;  date  unknown. 

Roades,  Jobn,  mus.  in  Feb.  24,  '64;  mus.  out  witb  Co.  C,  3d 
Reg.,  Frov.  Cav.  Oct.  31,  '65. 

Forick,  William  J.,  mus.  in  Aug.  1,  "64;  mns.  out  witb  Co.  C, 
3d  Reg.,  Frov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  '65. 

Ryan,  Harvey,  absent  in  ar.  action  at  mus.    out. 

Roupe,  Silas,  mus,  in  Dec.  7,  '62;  discb.  by  Gen.  Order,  date 
unknown, 

Rusb,  Jobn,  discb.  by  Gen.  Order,  date  unknown, 

Rbone,  Jacob  P.,  mus.  in  April  12,  '65;  sub.,  discb.  by  Gen. 
Order,  June  15,  '65. 

Rusb,  Stepben,  cap.,  died  at  Anderson ville,  June  14,  '64;  grave, 
1,922. 

Reynor,  Elisba.  mus.  in  Dec.  7,  '62;  wd.  at  St.  Mary's  Cburcb, 
June  15,  and  at  Kearnysville,  Aug.  25,  '64;  discb.  by  Gen.  Order, 
Aug.  31,  '65. 

Seckman,  FIcnry  C,  mus.  in  Feb,  29,  '64;  mus.  out  witb  Co.  C, 
3dReg.,  Frov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  '65. 

Scbofield,  Josepb  M.,  wd.  at  Cbarlestown,  Ya.,  Aug.  22,  '64; 
absent,  sick  at  mus.  out. 

Strosnider,  Jordan,  discb.  by  Gen.  Order,  July  5,  '65. 

Staggers,  James,  discb.  by  Gen.  Order,  date  unknown. 

Sterner,  Jacob  F.,  discb.  by  Gen.  Order,  date  unknowm. 

Stall,  Jobn  J.,  killed  at  Cedar  Creek,  Ya.,  Oct.  19,  '64. 

Stiles,  Isaac,  mus.  in  Dec,  7,  *62;  captured,  died  at  Ricbmond. 
Ya.,  Dec.  25,  '63. 

Six,  William  H,,  des.  Oct.  1,  '63, 


448  IIISTOKY.   OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

Tliomptsoii,  Henry,  imii;.  in  Feb.  27,  *04;  missing  in  action  at 
Mine    linn,  Ya.,  May  5,  "()4. 

Thomas,  Eli,  mns.  in  Feb.  27,  '04;  died  at  Alexandria, Ya.,  March 
20,  '01,  grave  1,039. 

Vandaver,  Donnelly,  April  1,  '05;  mus.  out  with  Co.  C,  3d  Reg. 
Frov.  Cav.  Oct.  31,  '05. 

Watson,  Robert,  mus.  in  Feb.  24,  '04;  mus.  out  with  Co.  C,  3d 
Reg.  Prov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  '05. 

Wilt,  Ephraim,  mus.  in  June  18,  '04;  drft.,  nms.  out  with  Co. 
C,  3d  Reg.  Frov.  Cav.,  Oct.  31,  '05. 

White,  Hazlett,  mus.  in  Feb.  29,  '64;  disch.  by  Gen.  Order,  date 
unknown. 

Weller,  John,  disch.  by  Gen.  Order;    date  unknown. 

Wells,  Thomas,  mns.  in  Feb.  29,  '04;  disch.  by  Gen.  Order, 
June  17,  '05. 

Whitlatch,  George,  captured;  died  at  Andersonville,  Ga.,  '05; 
burial  record,  Raleigh,  jSI.  C,  Marcli  10,  '04;  bur.  in  Nat.  Cem,, 
8ec.  20,  grave  19. 

Wise,  Isaac,  captured;  died  at  Andersonville,  Ga.,  March  27, 
'04,  grave  192. 

Yeager,  Jesse,  disch.  by  Gen.   Order;  date  unknown. 

Zimmerman,  Joseph,  captured;  died  March  18,  '64;  bur.  in 
Marietta  and  Atlanta  ]S^at.  Cemetery,  Marietta,  Ga.,  Sec.  F.,  grave 
1,017. 

KECOKDS    t)K      SOLDIERS    WHO     KISTEKED     OTUEK     ORGANIZATIONS    THAN 
THOSE    (ilVEN    ABO\E     AND    WHO    DIED    IN    THE    SEKVICE. 

James  Jiurwell,  Sergt.  Co.  A,  108th  i*a.  Inf.,  died  at  Washington, 
N.  C,  June  22,  '03. 

John  Ivenner,  Sergt.  Co.  A,  108th  Fa.  Inf.,  died  at  Washington, 
N.  C,  June  29,  '03. 

Joseph  Minor,  Ser<rt.  Co.  A,  108tli  Fa.  Inf.,  died  at  Hampton, 
Va.,  June  2,  '03. 

William  Burgess,  Sergt.  Co.  I,  32d  U.  S.,  Colored,  djed  on  trans- 
port returning  from  Texas,  '05. 

Monroe  Lewis,  Sergt.  Co.  I,  32d  U.  S.,  Colored,  died  date  un- 
known. 

Emanuel  Patterson,  Sergt.  Co.  D,  0th  U.  S.,  Colored,  killed  at 
New  Market  Heights,   Va.,  Sept.  29,  '04. 

Kane  Richardson,  died  date  unknown. 

William  Armstrong,  Co.  I),  1st  W.  Va.  Cav.,  died  at  Harper's 
Fei-ry,  Va. 

James  Ushbur,  Co.  F.  7th  W.  Va.  Inf.,  died  at  Beverly,  W.  Va., 
Oct.  20,  '04.  *^ 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  iiO 

William  Asliber,    Co.  B,  7tli  W.  Va.  Inf.,   died  at  Alexandria, 
July  8,  '65. 

Marson,  Applegate,  Co.  B,  1st  W.  Va.  Cav.,   died  March  2,  '64. 

AVilliam  H.  Bland,  Co.  K,  14th  W.  Va.  Inf.,  killed  at  Cloyd,  Mt., 
Va.,  Oct.  24,  '64. 

Isaac  H.  Beach,  Co.  K,  14th  AV.  Va.  Inf.,  died  at  Anderson- 
ville,  Ga. 

Eli  Brant,  Sergt.,  Co.  F,  7th  W.  A^a.  Inf ,  died  at  Front  Royal, 
Va.,  June  '62. 

Joseph  J.  Cline,  Co.  A,  3d  W.  Va.  Inf.,  date  unknown. 

John  L.  Clutter,  Co.  I,  4th  W.  Va.  Inf.,  died  at  Danville,  Va., 
March  10,  '65. 

Jonathan  Campbell,  Co,  B,  7th  AV.  A^a.  Inf,  died  at  Philadelphia, 
bur.  at  AVind  Ridge. 

George  A.  Conner,  Co.  F,  7th  AY.  A^a.  Inf.,  died  at  AVashington, 
D.  C,  of  wds.  reed,  at  Ream's  Station,  A^a.,  bur.  at  Taylorstown, 
Greene  County. 

John  Degerman,  Co.   F,  7th  AV,  A^a.   Inf.,  died  at  camp  in   Aid., 
Feb.  '62;  bur.  at  Grafton,  AA^.  Va. 

John  A.  Doty,  Co.  A,  3d  AV.  Va.  Inf.,  date  unknown. 

David  Durbin,  Co.  F,  7th  AA^.  Va.  Inf.,  date  unknown. 

Thomas  Fonner,  Co.  I,  15th  AA^.  Va.  Inf.,  died  at  Cumberland, 
Md.,  '64. 

AVilliam  Gillett,  Co.  A,  12th  AV  A^a.  Inf.,  died  at  Point  of 
Rocks,  Feb.  '65. 

Henry  Gould,   Co.  F,  7th  AV^  A^a.  Inf.,  died  Alarch  11,  '()2. 

Doctor  Gould,  Co.  F,  7thAA^.A^a.  Inf.,  prisoner;  died  at  Salisbury, 
N.  C,  Oct.  30,  '64. 

Andrew  Guinip,  Co.  F,  7th  AV.  A^a.  Inf.,  died  at  Ft.  Alonroe, 
Aug.  29,  '62. 

Isaac  Ilerrington,  7th  AV.  Va.  Inf.,  date  unknown. 

James  Herrington,  Co.  P,  7th  AV.  Va.  Inf.,  died  at  City  Point, 
Va.,  July  30,  '64,  of  wds.  at  Deep  Bottom,  July  28,  '64;  bur.  at 
City  Point,  Va. 

'Thomas  Ilerrington,  Co.  A,  8th  AV.  A^a.  Inf.,  died  June  15,  '62, 
of  wds.  reed,  at  Cross  Keys,  Va.;  bur.  at  Alapletown. 

John  AV.  Ilannan,  Co.  F,  7th  AV.  Va.  Inf.,  died  in  Hospital,  Aid., 
Nov.  29,  '62. 

Henry  Henderson,  Co.  N,  6th  AV.  Va.  Inf.,  died;  bur.  at  AVindy 
Gap  Church. 

AVilliam  Hoffman,  Co.  F,  7th  AV.  Va.  Inf.,  died,  date  unknown. 

George  Hoffman,  Co.  F,  7th  AV.  A^a.  Inf,  died  at  Baltimore,  Feb. 
8,  '65. 

Josiah  Holmes,  Co,  D,  Ut  W.  Va.  Inf.,  killed  at  Piedmont. 


450  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

■\ 
John  Jones,  Co.  F,  ,W.  Ya.  Inf.,  died  in  Camp  in  Maryland,  Feb. 

28,  '62;  bur.   in  Nat.  Cem.  Grafton,  W.  Ya. 

Thomas  King,  Co.  F,  7th  W.  Ya.  Inf.,  died  March  28,  '62;  bur. 
in  Nat.  Cem.,  Grafton,  W.  Ya. 

John  Kennedy,  Co.  F,  W.  Ya.  inf.,  died  at  Alexandria,  Ya. ; 
bnr.  near  Mount  Morris,  Greene  County,  Pa. 

George  W.  Kent,  Co.  F,  7th  AV.  Ya.  Inf.,  died  Nov.  18,  '63,  of 
wds.  reed,  at  Antietara,  Md.,  Sept.  17,  '62. 

Daniel  Kimball,  Co.  A,  11th  W.  Ya.  Inf.,  date  unknown. 

John  Kimball,  Co.  K,  14th  W.  Ya.  Inf.,  Pris.  from  Jan.  4,  '64; 
died  at  Andersonville,  Ga. 

Asa  Kimball,  Co.  K,  14tii  W.  Ya.  Inf.,  Pris.  from  Jan.  4,  '64; 
died  at  Andersonville,  Ga. 

Mathew  Masters,  Co.  13,  7th  ^Y.  Ya.  Inf.,  killed  at  Wilderness, 
May  9,  '64. 

George  Masters,  Co.  K,  14th  W.  Ya.  Inf.,  killed  at  Cloyd  Moun- 
tain, Ya.,  Oct.   24,  '64. 

James  Meighen,  Co.  K,  14th  W.  Ya.  Inf.,  died  at  New  Creek, 
Ya.,  '63. 

Andrew  Miller,  Co.  D.  1st  W.  Ya.  Inf.,  killed  by  explosion  on 
board  vessel  at  sea. 

Simon  Main,  Co.  F,  7th  W.  Ya.  Inf.,  died  at  Gettysburg,  July 
3,  '68,  of  wds.  reed,  in  battle;  bur.  in  Nat.  Ceui. 

George  P.  Moore,  Co.  F,  7th  W.  Ya,   Inf.,   died,  date  unknown. 

Isaac  A.  Moore,  Co.  F,  7th  AY.  Ya.  Inf.,  died  Dec.  18,  '62;  bur. 
at  Mt.  Harmon. 

Thomas  Noon,  Co.  D,  1st  AV.  A^a.  Inf.,  died  at  Cumberland,  Md. 

James  Newman,  Co.  D,  1st  AV.  Ya.  Cav.,  killed  at  Hagerstown, 
Md.,  July  6,  '63. 

Henry  Pethtel.  Co.  F,  7th  AA^.  A^a.  Inf.,  died  at  Camp  Maryland, 
Jan.  10,  '62;  bur.  in  Nat,  Cem.,  Grafton,  AY,  Ya. 

John  Rogers,  Co.  F,  6th  AV.  A^a.  Inf.,  I'ris.  from  March  '64; 
died  at  Millen,  Ga.,  Aug.  '64. 

Jacob  F.  Rainer,  Co.  F,  7th  AY.  Yh.  Inf.,  Pris.,  died  at  Salisbury, 
N.  C,  Nov.  15,  '64. 

Martin  Riley,  Co.  B,  1st  AY.  A^a.  Cav.,  died  1861;  bur.  at  Hope- 
well Church,  Greene  Co.,  Pa. 

Thomas  II.  Shanes,  Co.  K,  14th  AY.  A^a.  Inf.,  killed  at  Cloyd 
Mt.,  Ya.,  Oct.  24,  '64. 

C.  A.  Shibler,  Co,  F,  6th  AY.  A"a.  Inf.,  died  at  Andersonville 
while  a  prisoner. 

Jesse  Taylor,  Co.  F,  7th  AY.  Ya.  Inf.,  killed  at  Romney,  AY.  Ya., 
Oct.  26,  '61;  bur.  at  home;  first  soldier  from  Greene  Co.  who  lost 
his  life  in  battle. 


J.A.t^^        ^c^^Jlc 


-o'p^^ 


HISTORY    OF    GKEEISrE    COUNTY.  453 

James  Tuttle,  Co.  K,  14th  W.  Va.  Inf.,  died  at  New  Creek,  ^V. 
Ya.,  -63;  bur.  at  home,  Sprin<>-hill  Township. 

Elliot  E.  Tuttle,  Co.  1,  2d  Col.  Cav.,  died  at  Et.  Leavenworth, 
Kansas,  Sept.  24,  '65. 

William  Weaver,  Co.  I,  78th  111.  Inf.,  killed  at  Atlanta,  Ga., 
Sept.  17,  "64. 

Wm.  E.  Ballan,  Co.  E,  14th  Pa.  Cav.,  died  from  surg.  opera- 
tion ;  bur.  at  Greensboro, 

Wm.  E.  Boulton,  Co.  E,  14th  Pa.  Cav.,  died  at  Beverly,  W.  Va., 
Oct.  13,  "63. 

Elijah  Coleman,  Co.  E,  14th  Pa.  Cav.,  killed  at  Pocky  Gap,  Ya., 
Ang.  27,  '63. 

Phillip  G.  Hughes,  Co.  E,  14th  Pa.  Cav.,  died  at  Annapolis, 
Md.,  March  19,  "65. 

Adrian  Johnston,  Co.  E,  14th  Pa.  Cav.,  drowned  at  Jackson 
River,  Ya.,   Dec.  20,  "63. 

Robert  L.  Keener,  Co.  E,  14th  Pa.  Cav.,  died  at  Annapolis,  Md., 

Nov.  25,  "63. 

Charles  A.  Mestragatt,  Co.  E,  14th  Pa.  Cav.,  prisoner,  died  at 
Andersonville,  Ga. ;  bur.  rec.  died  at  Richmond,  Ya.,  March  7,  '64. 

Wm.  M.  Stone,  Co.  E,  14th  Pa.  Cav.,  killed  at  Bunker  Hill,  Ya., 
March  19,  '64. 

Samnel  Whetsler,  Co.  E,  14th  Pa.  Cav.,  prisoner,  died ;  l)ur.  rec. 
S.  Nitzler,  Richmond,  Feb.  13,  '64. 

Ijenjamin  Woody,  Co.  E,  14th  Pa.  Cav.,  killed  accidentally  by 
cars  near  Grafton,  AV.  Ya.,  1864. 

James  W.  Yeager,  Co.  E,  14tli  Pa.  Cav.,  died  at  Martinsburg, 
Aug.  24,  "63;  bur.  at  Greensboro,  Pa. 

Adam  H.  Hewitt,  Co.  K,  16th  Pa.  Cav.,  died  at  Philadelphia, 
Oct.  23,  "63. 

Mattox,  Elias  H.,  Co.  K,  16th  Pa.  Cav.,  died  Aug.  19,  "63,  of 
wds.  reed,  at  Shepherdstown,  Ya.,  July  16,  '63. 

Zenas  C.  Riley,  Co.  K,  16th  Pa.  Cav.,  died;  date  unknown. 

Isaac  Saunters,  Co.  K,  16th  Pa.  Cav.,  died  at  Harrisburg,  Dec. 
4,  '62. 

John  B.  Sheets,  Co.  K,  16th  Pa.  Cav.,  died  at  Dumfries,  Ya., 
May  25,  '63. 

Judson  Throckmorton,  Co.  K,  16th  Pa.  Cav.,  died  at  Harris- 
burg, Nov.  1,  '62. 

Abraham  C.  Teagarden,  Co.  K,  16th  Pa.  Cav.,  died  July  20,  '63, 
of  wds.  reed,  at  Shepherdstown,  Ya.,  July  16,  '63. 

Early  in  the  summer  of  1861,  Union  mass  meetings  were  held 
along  the  border  line  between  Greene  County,  Pennsylvania,  and 
Monongalia  County,  Virginia,  (now  West  Virginia)  which  were 
largely  attended  by  citizens  living  on  each  side  of  the  State  line, 


454 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 


notably  among  wliicli  was  one  at  Rosedale  at  which  Hon.  Jonathan 
Gerard  presided,  and  an  other  on  the  farm  of  Adam  Brown,  at  which 
more  than  one  thousand  people  were  present.  At  these  mass  meet- 
ings the  situation  was  fully  and  freely  discussed.  The  people  of 
Western  Virginia  were  encouraged  to  remain  loyal  to  the  government 
of  the  United  States,  with  the  promise  that  Pennsylvania  would 
render  them  all  the  assistance  possible. 

West  Virginia  refused  to  secede.  Delegates  were  elected  who 
met  in  convention  at  Wheeling  on  the  lltli  day  of  June,  1861. 
Forty  (40)  counties  were  represented  and  on  the  20th  of  June  gave 
a  unanimous  vote  in  favor  of  separation.  Francis  H.  Peirpoint,  of 
Marion  County,  was  chosen  Governor.  The  legislature  which  soon 
met  at  Wheeling  was  a  legislature  of  Virginia,  elected  on  the  regular 
appointed  day  of  election,  eastern  as  well  as  western  counties  being 
represented  therein.  This  legislature,  as  well  as  the  convention, 
heartily  assented  to  the  formation  of  the  State  of  West  Virginia. 
In  the  meantime  a  company  was  recruited  along  the  border  on  the 
Greene  County  side  of  the  State  line,  all  of  whom  were  citizens  of 
Greene  County,  and  on  the  18th  day  of  September,  1861,  were  mus- 
tered into  the  service  of  the  United  States  as  Company  F,  Seventh 
Regiment,  Virginia  Infantry  Volunteers. 

The  following  is  a  complete  roster  of  said  company  at  date  of 
muster  into  the  United  States  service: 


OFFICERS. 

James  B.  Morris,  Capt.,  pro.  to  Major. 
Ambrose  A.  Stout,  Ist  Lieut. 
Payles  W.  Thompson,  2d  Lieut. 
Eli   Brant,  1st   Sergeant. 
Henry  W.  Taylor,  Sergeant. 
James  L.  Garrison,     " 
John  Fordyce,  " 

Vincent  Stephens,      " 


James  I).  Burns, 
Benson  Bayers, 
William  Bosworth, 
Xorval  Brown, 
Lewis  Chesler, 
George  A.  Conner, 
John  Coss, 
Abraham  Cummaus, 
Solomon  Calvert, 
John  Deyarman, 


PRIVATES, 


Thos.  H.  B.  Fox,  Corporal. 

William  Gidley,  " 

John  G.  Fordyce,  " 

Wm.  H.  Meighen,  " 

George  W.  Shough,  " 

George  AV.  Kent,  " 

James  A.  Rice,  " 

Abraham  Taylor,  " 


William  B.  Fogg, 
William  Fox, 
John  Flowers, 
William  Gibbons, 
JS'oali  Guthrie, 
Doctor  Gould, 
Daniel  Gregg, 
William  Gehs, 
Andrew  J.  (iump, 
Henry  Gould, 


IIISTOliY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 


455 


Jefferson  Dye, 
David  Durbin, 
Leonard  Gooden, 
Samuel  Greo-g, 
Thomas  J.  Huffman, 
James  Ilorrington, 
William  llardesty, 
Washington  Hardesty, 
George  Hoffman, 
AVilliam  Hoffman, 
John  M.  Hennon, 
Isaac  Husk, 
John  Jackson, 
Andrew  L.  Jones, 
George  Jones, 
John  Jones, 
Xathaniel  Jones, 
George  Kendall, 
Sanford  Kendall, 
James  Ken  die, 
Tliomas  King, 
James   A.  King, 
Alexander  King, 
John  Kennedy, 
Coleman  Lewellen, 
Thomas  Longstreet, 
John  Lightner, 
Robert  Laughlin, 
Francis  Taylor,  Jr., 
Francis  Taylor,  Sr., 
Samuel  N.  Conner, 


Samuel  Griffith, 
David  Gibbons, 
Dennis  R.  Meighen, 
Simon  Main, 
Thomas  H.  INIeighen, 
James  Jones, 
John  McLelland, 
George  P.  Moore, 
Isaac  A.  Moore, 
Morris  Pethtel, 
Henry  Pethtel, 
Thomas  Phillips, 
David  Phillips, 
Joseph  Phillips. 
Robert  W.  Phillips, 
John  T.  Pouge, 
Joshua  Rice, 
Benjamin  F.  Ramer, 
Jacob  F.  Ramer, 
Jacob  Rush, 
Timothy  W.  Ross, 
Arthur  B.  Smith, 
Manassas  Shaw, 
Abner  Six, 
Nathan  Starkey, 
William  Shanks, 
Jesse  Taylor, 
Thomas  Taylor, 
Zadoc  Whitehill, 
Hezekiah  Walls. 
Robert  Wears, 


DIED    AVIIILE    IN    THE    SEKVICE. 


Jesse  Taylor,  the  ffrst  soldier 

John  Deyarman, 

John   Jones, 

David  Durban, 

Henry  Gould, 

Doctor  Gould, 

John  Kennedy, 

Andrew  J.  Gump, 

John  M.  Hennon, 

George  W.  Kent, 

Isaac  A.  Moore, 


from  the  county  killed  in  the  war. 
Henry  Pethtel, 
Thomas  King, 
George  Hoffman, 
James  Herrington, 
George  P.  Moore, 
Jacob  F.  Ramer, 
Eli  Brant, 
George  A.  Conner, 
William   Hoffman, 
Simon  Main. 


456 


HISTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 


DISCHAKGED    FOR    WOUNDS    OK     DISABILITY 


William  Fox, 
Thomas  Longstreth, 
Benson  Boyers, 
Lewis  Chisler, 
John  Flowers, 
William  Shanks, 
Washington  Hardesty, 
A.  L.  Jones, 
James  Jones, 
James  Kendle, 
Thomas  IT.  Meigher, 
John  McLelland, 


Robert  Wears, 
John  G.  Fordyce, 
Manassas  Shaw, 
John  Coss, 
Samuel  Griffith, 
Thomas  Taylor, 
Isaac  Hask, 
Nathaniel  Jones, 
Francis  Taylor, 
Eobert  Langhlin, 
Dennis  R.  Meigher, 
Hezekiah  Walls. 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUXTY.  457 

RECAPITULATION. 

Summary  of  Losses  by  Death  of  Soldiers  from  Oreene  County,  Peun.,  while  in  the 
Service  of  the  United  States  during  the  War  of  the  Rebellion,  1861-'65. 


Organizations  in  which 

THE  Soldiers  were 
T  time  of  Death. 

Causes  of  Death. 

Enlisted  or  Served  a 

II 

OQ 

O   <» 

0) 

a 

"i^ 

N 

00 

-si 

>>a 

>i 

1 '. 

C3 

»— 

<»=«  o 

1— •  "^ 

""   uj 

H 

a 

a 

^   O   ci 

flU    " 

rz   =3 

s^ 

3 

a 

o 

a 

"So 

0.2 

=-,  a 
c  0) 

a^ 

0; 

1-2 

C  ^ 
c3   v 

O 

fS 

O 

"S 

a  x-s 

3    &0O 

5  i 

a 

0  a 

Q 

'^a^ 

^ 

& 

F* 

1st  Penn.  Cav. 

July,  1861 

3  years 

10 

9 

4 

23 

I* 

8th  Penn.  Res.  Inft. 

May,  1801 

3      " 

25 

12 

8 

45 

G 

8th  Penn.  Res.  luft. 

May,  1801 

3      " 

1 

1 

A 

11th  Penn.  Inft. 

Sept.  1861 

o        " 

1 

1 

E 

14th  Penn.  Cav. 

Nov.    1862 

3      " 

7 

2 

11 

K* 

15th      " 

Oct.     1802 

3     " 

2 

17 

19 

K 

10th      " 

Oct.     1862 

3      " 

2 

5 

7 

A* 

18th      " 

Nov.   1862 

3      " 

9 

11 

ii 

31 

C* 

18th      " 

Nov.    1802 

3     " 

7 

8 

14 

29 

G* 

18th      " 

Nov.    1862 

3      '• 

7 

10 

10 

27 

D 

22d       " 

Sept.  1862 

3      " 

1 

1 

C 

(ilst  Penn.  Inft. 

Aug.    1861 

3      " 

1 

1 

D 

61st       " 

Aug.    1861 

3     " 

2 

3 

I 

61st       " 

Aug.    1861 

b          " 

3 

2 

A 

85th      " 

Oct.     1861 

3      " 

i 

1 

B 

85th      " 

Oct.     1861 

3      " 

2 

1 

3 

D 

85th      " 

Oct.     1861 

3      " 

1 

2 

i 

4 

F* 

85th      " 

Oct.     1801 

3      " 

13 

18 

31 

G 

85th      " 

Oct.     1801 

3      " 

4 

13 

17 

I 

116th    " 

July    1802 

3      " 

1 

1 

H 

123d      " 

Aug.    1802 

9  mo. 

2 

1 

3 

A* 

140th    " 

Sept.   1802 

3      " 

19 

8 

27 

D 

140th    " 

Sept.  1862 
Drafted  Militia 

3      " 

3 

1 

i 

5 

A* 

168th   " 

Oct.  1862 

9  mo. 

3 

3 

U.  S.  Col'd    " 

1863 

3  years 

i 

3 

4 

Total  in  Pennsylvania 

Regiments 

115 

132 

52 

299 

D 

1st  W.  Va.  Inft. 

1 

3 

3 

B 

1st        "       Cav. 

1 

1 

D 

1st       "      Cav. 

i 

1 

3 

A 

3d        "      Inft. 

1 

2 

3 

I 

4th       " 

i 

1 

F 

6th       " 

rt 

2 

0 

N 

6th 

<u 

1 

1 

B 

7th       " 

P*% 

i 

3 

4 

F* 

7th       " 

6 

15 

'3 

23 

A 

nth       " 

B 

1 

1 

A 

12th       " 

H 

1 

1 

K 

14th       " 

•3 

2 

'3 

8 

I 

15th       " 

1 

1 

I 

2d  Colorado  Cav. 

1 

1 

I 

78th  Illinois  Inft. 

i 

1 

Total  in  West  Virginia  an 

d  other  State  R 

sgimenls 

14 

31 

8 

53 

Asjeregate  loss  by  death  o 

'  Greene  Countj 

'  Soldiers 

129 

163 

60 

352 

Note. — The  Companies  marked  with  a  Star  (*)  wore  each  known  as  Greene  County  Companies, 
having  been  wholy  recruited  in  and  officered  by  men  from  tlie  county. 

Besides  the  above  the  county  was  represented  in  the  service,  during  the  war,  by  many  of  her 
citizens  serving  in  several  other  commands,  but  no  losses  by  death  of  such  are  reported  to  have  oc- 
curred therein. 


458 


HISTORY  OF  greenp:   COUIS^TY. 


CHAPTER    XXXIL 

County  Offices. 

Sheriffs — Coukty  TkeasufvErs — Clerks  of  Courts — Registers — 
Protiionotaries — Recorders — Coroners — Sealers  of  Weights 
AND    Measures — Notaries  Public — County  Surveyors — Jus- 

TK^ES    OF    THE    PeACE ScHOOL    SUPERINTENDENTS. 


sheriffs. 


James  Kook,  Nov.  8,  1796. 
Robert  Cather,  March  3,  1800. 
Jacob  Barley,  Nov.  4,  1802. 
Samuel  Harper,  Oct.  25,  1805. 
Barnet  Reinhart,  Oct.  21,  1808. 
Thomas  Mitchel,  Nov.  12,  1811. 
Thomas  Wood,  Dec.  1,  1814. 
Adam  Hays,  Oct.  1,  1817. 
Isaac  Teagarden,  Nov.  23,  1820. 
James  Hughes,  Oct.  13,  1821. 
Joseph  Monis,  Oct.  28,  1824. 
Mark  Gordon,  Oct.  26,  1827. 
Jacob  Barnes,  Nov.  1,  1830. 
Benjamin  Smith,  Oct.  28,  1833. 
Benj.  Woodruff,  Nov.  21,  183(5. 
R.  H.  Lindsay,  Oct.  25,  1839. 
John  Barnes,  Oct.  27,  1842. 


Silas  Barnes,  June  3,  1845. 
Nelson  Thomas,  Nov.  10,  1845. 
Isaac  Thomas,  May  25,  1846. 
John  Lindsey,  Oct.  26,  1846. 
R.  K.  Campbell,  Oct.  24,  1849. 
David  A.  Worley,  Nov.  17,  1852. 
Elijah  Adams,  Oct.  29,  1855. 
George  Wright,  Oct.  28,  1858. 
Thomas  Lucas,  Nov.  23,  1861. 
Heath  Johns,  Nov.  10,  1864. 
Henry  B.  Silvius,  Oct.  13,  1867. 
Abner  Ross,  Nov.  4,  1870. 
Jas.  P.  Cosgrav,  Nov.  5,  1873. 
John  G.  Dinsmore,  Dec.  8,  1876. 
Jos.  F.  Randolph,  Dec.  4,  1879. 
David  A.  Spragg,  Dec.  11,  1882. 
John  S.  Lemley,  Dec.  14,  1885. 


COUNTY    TREASURERS. 


William  Seals,  Jan.  4,  1821. 
William  Seals,  Jan.  18,  1822. 
Asa  McClelland,  Jan.  6,  1825. 
John  Inghram,  July  12,  1829. 
Benj.  Campbell,  March  18,  1834. 
Benj.  Campbell,  Jan.  8,  1835. 
Jesse  Rinehart,  Jan.  6,  1836. 
Jesse  Rinehart,  July  3,  1837. 
Jesse  Rinehart,  Jan.  3,  1838. 
Robert  Adams,  Jan.  11,  1839. 
Robert  Adams,  Jan.  27, 1840. 


A.  G.  Cross,  Dec.  17,  1851. 
Obediah  Yancleve,  Dec.  21,  1853. 
Jacob  Lemley,  Dec.  17,  1855. 
Silas  Barnes,  Nov.  2,  1857. 
S.  H.  Adam  son,  Nov.  7,  1859. 
Jos.  F.  Randolph,  Nov.  12,  1861. 
James  S.  Jennings,  Nov.  24, 1863. 
Thomas  lams,  Oct.  18,  1865. 
Abner  M.  Baily,  Oct.  18,  1867. 
James  Meek,  Oct.  19,  1869. 
Thomas  Goodwin,  Dec.   19,  1871. 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY 


459 


James  Gulden,  Oct.  31,  1840.  Sainnel  Bayard,  Nov.  10,  1S73. 

James  Golden,  Jan.  7,  1842.  John  Hunt,  Nov.  7,  1875. 

William  Cotteral,  Oct.  26,  1843.    John  South,  Dec.  27,  1878. 
Elijah  Adams,  Dec.  11,  1845.         Furman  South,  Jan.  1,  1882. 
W.  T.  II.  Pauley,  Dec.  24,  1847.  William  Jacobs,  Jan.  5,  1885. 
Hiram  C.  A\^ood,  Nov.  13,  1849.    Roltert  Smith,  Jan.  2,  1888. 


CLERKS    OF     COURT. 


John 
John 
John 
^Vm. 
Wm. 
AVm. 
AVm. 
Wm. 
Wra. 
Enos 
John 
John 
John 
John 
II.  L. 


Boreman,  March  17,  1796. 
Boreman,  March  3,  1800. 
Boreman,  March  25,  1809. 
T.  Hays,  Oct.  17,  1814. 
T.  Hays,  Jan.  15,  1818. 
T.  Hays,  Feb.  8, 1821. 
T.  Hays,  Feb.  28, 1824. 
T.  Hays,  Jan.  13,  1827. 
T.  Hays,  Jan.  20,  1830. 
Hook,  Dec.  31,  1832. 
Hook,  Dec.  23,  1835. 
Phelan,  Jan.  25,  1839. 
Phelan,  Nov.  14,  1839. 
Phelan,  Nov.  12,  1842. 
Pennock,  Nov.  17,  1845. 


REGI 

John  Boreman,  March  17,  1796. 
John  Boreman,  March  3,  1800. 
John  Boreman,  March  25,  1809. 
William  T.  Hays,  Oct.  17,  1814: 
William  T.  Hays,  Jan.  15,  1818. 
William  T.  Hays,  Feb.  8,  1821. 
K.  S.  Boreman,  Feb.  28,  1824. 
Levi  liienhart,  Jan.  13,  1827. 
Jesse  Lazear,  Jan.  20,  1830. 
Jesse  Lazear,  Dec.  31,  1832. 
A.  N.  Johnson,  Dec.  23,  1835. 

C George  Hoskinson,  Jan.  25, 1839. 
George  Iloskinson,  Nov.  14,  1839. 
Wm.  W.  Sayers.  Nov.  12,  1842. 
Wm.  W.  Sayers,  Nov.  17,  1845. 


H.  L.  Pennock,  Nov.  25,  ,1848. 
John  Lindsey,  Nov.  22,  1851. 
John  Lindsey,  Nov.  21,  1854. 
David  A.  Worley,  Nov.   19,  1857. 
David  A.  AVorley,  Nov.  19,  1860. 
Justus  F.  Temple,  Nov.  23,  1863. 
Justus  F.  Temple,  Nov.  8,  1866. 
S.  Montgomery,  Nov.  20,  1869. 
H.  C.  Pollock,  Nov.  12,  1872. 
H.  C.  Pollock,  December  8,  1875. 
James  C.  Garard,  Dec.  11,  1878. 
James  C.  Garard,  Dec.  28,  1881. 
John  K.  Pipes,  Dec.  22,  1884. 
John  R.  Pipes,  Dec.  24,  1887. 

STERS. 

Reuben  D.  Mickle,  Nov.  25, 1848. 
William  A.  Porter,  Nov.  22, 1851. 
Absalom  Hedge,  Nov.  21,  1854. 
Justus  F.  Temple,  Nov.  12, 1857. 
Justus  F.  Temple,  Nov.  19,  1860. 
Peter  Brown,  Nov.  23,  1863. 
Peter  Brown,  Nov.  8,  1866. 
Thos.  Hoskinson,  Nov.  20,  1869. 
Thos.  Hoskinson,  Nov.  12,  1872. 
James  L.  Yoders,  Dec.  14, 1875. 
James  L.  Yoders,  Dec.  11, 1878. 
W.  W.  Patterson,  Dec.  8,  1881. 
AV.  AY.  Patterson,  Dec.  22,  1884. 
Wm.  II.  Sutton,  Dec.  24, 1887. 


PROTHONOTARIES . 


John  Boreman,  March  17,  1796.  John  Lindsey,  Nov.  22,  1851. 

John  Boreman.  March  3, 1800.  John  Lindse}^  Nov.  21,  1854. 

John  Boreman,  March  25,  1809.  David  A.  Worley,  Nov.  19, 1857. 

William  T.  Hays,  Oct.  17, 1814.  David  A.  AYorley,  Nov.  19, 1860. 


460  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

William  T.  Hays,  Feb.  28, 1824.  Justus  F.  Temple,  Nov.  23,  1863. 
William  T.  Hays,  Jan.  13, 1827.    Justus  F.  Temple,  Nov.  8,  1866. 
William  T.  Hays,  Jan.  20,  1830.    Hiram  II.  Lindsay,  Nov.  13,  1869. 
Enos  Hook,  Dec.  31,  1832.  Hiram  H.  Lindsey,  Nov.  12,  1872. 

John  Hook,  Dec.  23, 1835.  George  ^¥.  Ullom,  Dec.  8, 1875. 

John  Phelan,  Jan.  25,  1839.  George  W.  Ullom,  Dec.  11, 1878. 

John  Phelan,  Nov.  14,  1839.  J.  L.  Yoders,  Dec.  28,  1881. 

John  Phelan,  Nov.  12,  1842.  James  M.  Hoge,  Jan.  4,  1884. 

Henry  L.  Pennock,  Nov.  17,1845.  J.  C.  Garard,  Dec.  22,  1884. 
Henry  L.  Pennock,  Nov.  25, 1848.  J.  C.  Garard,  Dec.  24,  1887. 

KECOKDERS, 

John  Boreman,  March  17,  1796.  Reuben  D.  Mickle,  Nov.  25,  1848. 
John  Boreman,  March  3,  1800.  William  A.  Porter,  Nov.  22,  1851. 
Jolin  Boreman,  March  25,  1809.  Absalom  Hedge,  Nov.  21,  1854. 
Wm.  T.  Hays,  Oct.  17,  1814.  Justus  F.  Temple,  Nov.  12,  1857. 
Wm.  T.  Hays,  Jan.  15,  1818.  Justus  F.  Temple,  Nov.  19,  1860. 
Wm.  T.  Hays,  Feb.  8,  1821.  Peter  Brown,  Nov.  20,  1863. 

K.  S.  Boreman,  Feb.  28,1824.         Peter  Brown,  Nov.  8,  1866. 
Levi  Rinehart,  Jan.  13,  1827.      /  Thomas  Iloskinson,  Nov.  20, 1869. 
Jesse  Lazear,  Jan.  20,  1830.        ^  Thomas  Hoskinson,  Nov.  12, 1872. 
Abijah  N.  Johnson,  Dec.  23, 1835.  James  L.  Yoders,  Dec.  14, 1875. 
Geo.  Hoskinson,  Jan.  25,  1839.     James  L.  Yoders,  Dec.  10,  1878. 
George  Hoskinson,  Nov.  14, 1839.W.  AV.  Patterson,  Dec.  8,  1881. 
William  W.  Sayers,  Nov.  12, 1842.W.  W.  Patterson,  Dec.  22,  1884. 
William-W.  Sayers,  Nov.  17, 1845.William  H.  Sutton,  Dec.  24, 1887. 

CORONERS. 

James  Boone,  Nov.  8,  1796.  Wm.  G.  W.  Day,  July  11,  1857. 

Samuel  Harper,  Nov.  4,  1802.  James  Acklin,  Feb.  15,  1864. 

Samuel  Huston,  Oct.  25,  1805.  Wm.  B.  Stewart,  Jan.  4,  1868. 

Samuel  Harper,  Oct.  31,  1817.  Joel  A.  Harris,  Jan.  6,  1871. 

Lot  Lantz,  Feb.  26,  1821.  Lewis  N.  Johnson,  Nov.  5, 1873. 

Robert  Maple,  March  21,  1822.  Robert  Dougherty,  Dec.  8, 1876. 

George  Monis,  Dec.  24,  1833.  William  IL  Rose,  Dec.  11, 1878. 

Daniel  Smith,  Feb.  25,  1840.  Leroy  W.  Carrel,  Dec.  28, 1881. 

William  Campbell,  Nov.  9, 1846.  George  Frazier,  Dec.  22,  1885. 

SEALERS    OF    WPHGHTS    AND    MEASURES. 

Thomas  Hill,  April  24,  1857.  Isaac  Teagarden,  Jan.  13,  1874. 

Samuel  Braden,  Aug.  4,  1858.  Isaac  Teagarden,  Jan.  25,  1877. 

Daniel  Owen,  April  6,  1864.  Isaac  Teagarden,  Feb.  9,  1880. 

James  Acklin,  Dec.  12,  18(57.  Isaac  Teagarden,  Feb.  15,  1881, 
James  Coates,  March  14,  1870. 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  4(31 

NOTARIES    PUBLIC. 

John  Phelan,  Dec.  17,  1835. 
John  Strawn,  Dec.  2,  1839. 
John  C.  Flenniken,  March  27,  1848. 
John  Straun,  Dec.  1,  1842. 

John  C.  Flenniken,  Sept.  1,  1851,  Borough  of  Waynesburg. 
Amos  Clevenger,  Jan.  6,  1855,  Borough  of  AVajnesburg, 
John  H.  Wells,  Jan.  13,  1858,  Borough  of  Waynesburg. 
Absalom  Hedge,  Dec.  17, 1860,  Borough  of  Waynesburg. 
George   E.    Minor,   Nov.    17,    1863,    Borough    of  Waynesburg. 
George    S.   Geffrey,    Dec.    27,    1866,  Borough    of  Waynesbnro-. 
George  S.  Geftrey,  Feb.  3,  1870,  Borough  of  Waynesburg. 
George  W.  Dougherty,  Sept.  12,  1872,  Borough   of  Carmichaels. 
George  S.  Geffrey,  Feb.  17,  1873,  Greene  County. 
J.  P.  Mitchener,  Oct.  6,  1875,  Greene  County. 
James  E.   Sayers,    March  11,    1876,  Borough  of   Waynesburg. 
J.  P.  Mitchner,  March   31,   1876,  Borough  of  Carmichaels. 
James  G.  Patterson,  April  17,  1878,  Borough  of  Carmichaels. 
James  E.  Sayers,  March  10,  1879,  Borough  of  Waynesburg. 
James  E.  Sayers,  March  1,    1882,  Borough  of  Waynesburg. 
James  E.  Sayers,  Feb.  3,  1883,  Borough  of  Waynesburg. 
James  M.  Iloge,  March  3,  1885,  Borough  of  Waynesburg. 
James  E.  Sayers,  March  21,  1885,  Borough  of  Waynesburg. 
John  F.  Thompson,  Aug.  19,  1885,  Borough  of  Greensboro. 
John  F.  Thompson,  Jan.  29,  1887,  Borough  of  Greensboro. 
Samuel  M.  Smith,  Aug.  16,  1887,  Borough  of  Jefferson. 
Jesse  II.  Wise,  Nov.  25, 1887,  Borough  of  Waynesburg. 
Ira  L.  Nickeson,  March  5,  1888,  Riclihill,  Township. 
W.  R.  Iloge,  March  15,  1888,  Borough  of  Waynesburg. 

COUNTY    SUEVEYOES. 

George  F.  Wolf,  Dec.  15,  1856.     George  Hoge,  Dec.  19,  1871. 
George  F.  Wolf,  Dec.  26,  1859.     C.  C.  Brock,  Dec.  14,  1874. 
George  Hoge,  Dec.  19,  1865.         C.  C.  Brock,  Jan.  5,  1878. 
George  Iloge,  Feb.  17,  1869.         James  B.  Smith,  Dec.  31,  1880. 

George  Hoge  was  elected  county  surveyor  in  1883,  but  died 
before  entering  office.  James  B.  Smith  was  appointed,  and  lield 
office  until  1886,  when  he  was  re-elected,  and  is  present  incumbent. 

JUSTICES  , OF    THE    PEACE. 

John  Minor,  July  13,  1796.  1/  Thomas  Lucas,  Oct.  12,  1819. 

Wm.  Ingraham,  Dec.  28,  1797.  Richard  Herwood,  Feb.  21,  1820. 

William  Paul,  Jan.  12,  1798.  Jonathan  Parkinson,  Feb.  21, 1820. 

Robert  Ross,  Jan.  12,  1798.  David  Gray,  Jr.,  Feb.  21,  1820. 

Joseph  Gibbons,  Jan.  12,  1798.  Jeremiah  Glasgow,  March  20,1820. 

23 


462 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 


""^Eleazer  Luce,  Feb.  9,  1799.  John  Crawford,  March  14,  1822. 

Jonathan  Johnson,  Feb.  9,  1799.    Corbly  Garrard,  Jan.  25,  1823. 
John  McKee,  Feb.  9, 1799.  Matthew  Dill,  March  24,  1823. 

Jared  Brush,  Feb.  9,  1799.  John  Fettit,  March  16,  1824. 

John  Glasgow,  Feb.  9,  1799.  Levi  Monis,  March  16,  1824. 

John  Corbly,  Jan.  15,  1801.  Nicholas  Hagar,  Feb.  5,  1825. 

Thomas  Patterson,  Feb.  27,  1801.  Nathaniel  Campbell,  Feb.  5,  1825. 
Jacob  Black,  April  2,  1802.  Ed.  McGlumphey,  June  23,  1827. 

Thomas  Lazear,  April  1,  1803.       William  Burge,  May  2,  1828. 
John  Hair,  Jan.  1,  1806.  Hiram  Heaton,  May  12,  1828 

H.  Postlethwaite,  April  22, 1807.  John  T.  Binehart,  March  31, 1829. 
David  Worley,  March  29,  1808.    John  Hiller,  April  29,  1829. 
James  Dye,  Oct.  20,  1808.  Joseph  Johnson,  May  22,  1829. 

Thomas  Hersey,  Jan.  21,  1809."XAbia  Minor,  Jan.  28,  1830. 
Bees  Hill,  March  15,  1809.  Benjamin  Miller,  April  21,  1831. 

James  Clark,  May  2,  1809.  James  Mustard,  Jan.  21,  1832. 

Samuel  Hill,  Jan.  14,  1811.  John  Lindsey,  Oct.  29,  1832. 

Bobert  Milliken,  Jan.  14,  1811.     William  Seals,  March  18,  1833. 
Ephraim  Coleman,  July  4,  1811.  Wm.  McCallester,  March  10,  1833. 
Jacob  Baily,  July  4,  1811.  Lewis  Ileadlee,  March  18,  1833. 

Bobert  Lewis,  July  4,  1811.  John  McMay,  April  22,  1833. 

John  Morrison,  Dec.  15,  1812.       Joseph  Adamson,  Dec.  27,  1833. 

George  Ilaner,  Feb.  14,  1834. 
Vincent  Smith,  May  27,  1834. 
Jesse  Kent,  June  9,  1834. 
James  Cree,  June  9,  1834. 
G.  B.  Goodrich,  June  9,  1834. 
Benjamin  Jennings,  June  9,  1834. 
Bobert  Boyd,  Dec.  2,  1834. 
Carey  McLelland,  Feb.  15,  1819.  John  Parkinson,  Aug.  31,  1835. 

District  No.  2  is  composed  of  the  Township  of  Morgan  and  town 
of  Clarksville. 

District  No.  3  is  composed  of  the  Townships  of  Cumberland  and 
Jefferson . 

District  No.  4  is  composed  of  the  Townships  of  Greene,  Dunkard 
and  Monongahela. 

District  No.  5  is  composed  of  the  Tow^nships  of  Whitely,  Wayne, 
and  part  of  Aleppo. 

District  No.  6  is  composed  of  the  Townships  of  Bichhill,  Centre, 
and  part  of  Aleppo. 

Benjamin  F."  Black,  March  1,  '36,  District  No.  4. 

Ealph  Drake,  March  13,  '36,  District  No.  3. 

Henry  Neil,  March  13,  '36,  District  No.  3. 

Ealph  Drake,  May  15,  ^37,  District  No.  2. 

Samuel  D.  McCarl,  Jan.  10,  '38,  District  No.  5. 


William  Heaton,  Feb.  13,  1813. 
Jacob  Kickey,  Feb.  3,  1814. 
David  Taylor,  April  28,  1815. 
Thomas  Burson,  Dec.  1,  1815. 
Joshua  Cobb,  Dec.  24,  1816. 
William  Baily,  March  20, 1817. 
James  Tuttle,  Feb.  15,  1819. 


History  of  greene  county.  4(33 

William  Phillips,  Jan.  10,  '38,  District  No.  6. 

Abner  Garrison,  March  8,  '38,  District  No.  5. 

Justus  Garard,  June  19,  '38,  District  No.  4. 

George  Strope,  March  18,  '39,  District  No.  6. 

James  Walton,  May  10,  '39,  District  No.  2.  ' 

Joseph  Debolt,  April  14,  '40,  Township  of  Aleppo. 

William  Hoge,  April  14,  '40,  Morgan. 

Thomas  Horner,  April  14,  '40,  Cumberland. 

Caleb  Kimble,  April  14,  '40,  Aleppo. 

Abraham  Tustin,  April  14,  '40,  Wayne. 

Alexander  Stephenson,  April  14,  '40,  Greene. 

Asa  Sellers,  April  14,  '40,  Centre. 

Silas  Rush,  April  14,  '40,  Morris. 

John  Reynolds,  April  14,  '40,  Borough  of  Jefferson. 

James  Walton,  April  14,  '40,  Morgan. 

Lewis  Headlee,  April  14,  '40,  Whitely. 

Benjamin  Long,  April  14,  '40,  Dunkard. 

Benjamin  F.  Black,  April  14,  '40,  Monongahela. 

Edward  Barker,  April  14,  '40,  Morris. 

James  Garrison,  April  14,  '40,  Dunkard. 

George  Haver,  April  14,  '40,  Cumberland. 

Jesse  Kent,  April  14,  '40,  Centre. 

Justus  Garard,  14,  '40,  Monongahela. 

William  Kincaid,  April  14,  '40,  Jefferson. 

Henry  Neel,  April  14,  '40,  Borough  of  Jefferson. 

Vincent  Smith,  April  14,  '40,  Franklin. 

Jacob  Barnes,  April  14,  '40,  Washington. 

Michael  Strosnider,  April  14,  '40,  Jefferson. 

David  Gray,  April  14,  '40,  Pdchhill. 

Rol)ert  Boyd,  April  14,  '40,-  Washington. 

Corbly  Garard,  April  14,  '40,  Greene. 

Fletcher  Brock,  April  14,  '40,  Wayne. 

John  Clark,  April  14,  '40,  Franklin. 

Daniel  Hook,  April  14,  '40,  Marion. 

Thomas  Lazear,  April  14,  '40,  Richhill. 

Benjamin  Jennings,  April  14,  '40,  Marion. 

Joseph  B.  Johnson,  April  14,  '40,  Jackson. 

Abner  Garrison,  April  14,  '40,  Jackson. 

John  Fonner,  April  14,  '40,  Aleppo. 

Boaz  Boydston,  April  14,  '40,  Perry. 

Levi  Anderson,  April  14,  '40,  Perry. 

Samuel  Yanatta,  April  11,  '43,  Richhill. 

Moses  Coen,  April  11,  '43,  Franklin. 

Joseph  Adam  son,  April  11,  '43,.  Morgan. 

William  Phillips,  April  11,  '43,  Aleppo. 


464  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 


William  Boone,  April  9,  '44,  Monongahela. 

James  Kincaid,  April  9,  '44,  Jefferson. 

Matthew  Dill,  April  9,  '44,  Morgan. 

George  Davis,  April  15,  '45,  Cumberland. 

William  Wiley,  April  15,  '45,  Cumberland. 

Samuel  C.  Orr,  April  15,  '45,  Dunkard. 

Simon  Strosnider,  April  15,  45,  Wayne. 

Abner  Hoge,  April  15,  '45,  Centre. 

Jacob  Loar,  April  15,  '45,  Ilichhill. 

Michael  Strosnider,  April  15,  '45,  Jefferson. 

Benjamin  Maple,  April  15,  45,  Monongahela. 

Alexander  Stephenson,  April  15,  '45,  Greene. 

Elijah  Chalfan,  April  15,  '45,  Whitely. 

Benjamin  L.  Wells,  April  15,  '45,  Wayne. 

Daniel  Fuller,  April  15,  '45,  AVhitely. 

Benjamin  Long,  April  15,  '45,  Dunkard. 

James  II.  Fordyce,  April  15,  '45,  Greene. 

Edward  Barker,  April  15,  '45,  Morris. 

John  McClelland,  April  15,-  '45,  Jackson. 

James  McElroy,  April  15,  '45,  Borougli  of  Jefferson, 

Henry  Neel,  April  15,  '45,  Borough  of  Jefferson. 

Benjamin  Miller,  April  15,  '45,  Morris. 

Daniel  Hook,  April  15,  '45,  Marion. 

Thomas  W.  Taylor,  April  15,  '45,  Washington. 

John  Clark,  April  15,  '45,  Franklin. 

Benjamin  Jennings,  April  15,  '45,  Marion, 

Kobert  Boyd,  April  15,  '45,  Washington, 

Jesse  Kent,  April  15,  '45,  Centre. 

Abner  Garrison,  April  15,  '45,  Jackson. 

Henry  Loughman,  April  14,  '46,  Morris, 

Silas  Ayers,  April  14,  '46,  Aleppo. 

John  B.  Minor,  April  13,  '47,  Perry. 

Jesse  Headlee,  April  13,  '47,  Perry.  , 

Henry  Moore,  April  11,  '48,  Aleppo. 

Samuel  Yanatta,  April  11,  '48,  Richhill. 

David  Crawford,  April  11,  '48,  Franklin. 

John  Lewis,  April  11,  '48,  Morgan. 

James  McElroy,  April  9,  '50,  Jefferson. 

Jacob  Loar,  April  9,  '50,  Richhill. 

Alexander  Stephenson,  April  9,  '50,  Greene. 

Samuel  P.  Bayard,  April  9,  '50,  Jackson. 

Johnston  T.  Smith,  April  9,  '50,  Jackson. 

Robert  Boyd,  April  9,  '50,  Washington. 

William  Wily,  April  9,  '50,  Cumberland. 

Simon  Strosnider,  April  9,  '50,  Wayne. 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  465 

Samuel  C.  Orr,  April  9,  '50,  Duiikard. 

James  Murdock,  April  9,  '50,  Cumberland. 

Elijah  Chalfant,  April  9,  '50,  Wliitely, 

Edward  Barker,  April  9,  "50,  Morris. 

James  Garrison,  April  9,  '50,  Dunkard. 

Jeremiah  Stewart,  April  9,  '50,  Greene. 

Henry  Shriver,  April  9,  '50,  Wayne. 

Samuel  Ferguson,  April  9,  '50,  Centre. 

Samuel  Garner,  April  9,  '50,  Washington. 

Benjamin  Maple,  April  9,  '50,  Monongahela. 

Henry  Neel,  April  9,  '50,  Jefferson. 

George  John,  April  9,  '50,  Whitely. 

George  Sellers,  April  9,  '50,  Centre. 

John  Barnes,  April  9,  '50,  Franklin. 

Michael  Strosnider,  April  9,  '50,  Jefferson, 

Daniel  Hook,  May  21,  '50,  Marion. 

Wm.  T.  E.  AVebb,  May  21,  '50,  Marion. 

John  Bogard,  April  15,  '51,  Aleppo. 

Joshua  C.  Phillips,  April  15,  '51,  Borough  of  Waynesburg. 

John  Booze,  April  15,  '51,  Morgan. 

Abraham  Stout,  April  15,  '51,  Jefferson. 

Henry  Loughman,  April  15,  51,  Morris. 

Wm.  T.  E.  Webb,  May  9,  '51,  Borough  of  Waynesburg. 

William  F.  Bradley,  April  15,  '51,  Borough  of  Jefferson. 

Enas  Headlee,  May  5,  '52,  Perry. 

John  B.  Minor,  May  5,  '52,  Perry. 

Thomas  Hill,  June  11,  '52,  Franklin. 

Justice  Garrard,  April  13,  '53,  Monongahela. 

Jacob  Guthrie,  April  13,  '53,  AVhitely. 

AVilliam  Fox,  April  13,  '53,  Aleppo. 

Samuel  Vanata,  April  13,  '53,  Richhill. 

Thomas  W.  Taylor,  April  13,  '53,  Washington. 

John  Billingsly,  April  13,  '53,  Perry. 

James  Pipes,  April  13,  '53,  Franklin. 

John  Lewis,  April  13,  '53,  Morgan. 

Daniel  Hook,  April  11,  '54,  Borough  of  Waynesburg. 

Azariah  Stephens,  April  11,  '54,  Greene. 

John  B.  Litzinburg,  July  6,  '54,  Borough  of  Jefferson, 

Johnston  L.  Smith,  April  10,  '55,  Jackson, 

John  B.  Seckman,  April  10,  '55,  Centre. 

Peter  M,  Grimes,  April  10,  '55,  Jackson. 

Jesse  K.  Baily,  April  10,  '55,  Cumberland. 

Nicholas  Shanes,  April  10,  '55,  Wayne. 

Jeremiah  Stewart,  April  10,  '55,  Greene. 

Robert  Boss,  April  10,  '55,  Monongahela, 


466  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

John  E.  Parkinson,  April  10,  '55,  Aleppo. 
Henry  Bebont,  April  10,  '55,  Morris. 
Joseph  Kniseley,  April  10,  '55,  Wayne. 
Jacob  Loar,  April  10,  '55,  liichhill. 
Elijah  Chalfan,  April  10,  '55,  Whitely. 
George  Sellers,  April  10,  '55,  Centre. 
Robert  Boyd,  April  10,  '55,  Washington. 
Thomas  Horner,  August  8,  '55,  Borough  of  Carniichaels. 
William  Wily,  August  8,  '55,  Borough  of  Carniichaels. 
Thomas  Lucas,  April  10,  '55,  Cumberland. 
AVilliam  T.  E.  Webb,  April  19,  '56,  Borough  of  Waynesbur| 
Hobert  Wallace,  April  16,  '56,  Borough  of  Jefferson. 
John  Booze,  April  16,  '56,  Morgan. 
William  King,  April  28,  '56,  Wayne. 
Edward  Barker,  April  28,  '56,  Morris. 
William  P.  Scott,  April  16,  '56,  Jefferson. 
James  Garrison,  May  17,  '56,  Dunkard. 
Thomas  H.  Meighen,  October  1,  '56,  Gilmore. 
John  P.  Morris,  October  1,  '56,  Gilmore. 
Jesse  Headlee,  April  14,  '57,  Perry. 
Enoch  H.  Denny,  July  14,  '57,  Borough  of  Jefferson. 
John  1).  Wood,  April  14,  '57,  Franklin. 
John  Bradley,  July  14,  '57,  Borough  of  Jefferson. 
Jacob  Guthrie,  April  13,  '58,  AVhitely. 
Justus  Garrard,  April  13,  '58,  Monongahela. 
James  Pipes,  April  13,  '58,  Franklin. 
John  A.  Billingsly,  April  13,  '58,  Perry.      ' 
Jonah  II.  Wood,  April  13,  '58,  Borough  of  Carmichaels. 
Samuel  Vanatta,  April  13,  '58,  Richhill. 
James  A.  Black,  April  13,  '58'  Monongahela. 
Thomas  W.  Taylor,  April  13,   '58,  Washington. 
John  Lewis,  April  13,  '58,  Morgan. 
Enoch  Estle,  July  13,  '58,  Borough  of  Jefferson. 
William  Fox,  Nov.  2,  '58,  Aleppo. 
Simon  Rinehart,  April  12,  '59,  Marion. 
George  Howard,  April  12,  '59,  Dunkard. 
Jesse  Craig,  April  12,   '59,  Washington. 
John  Stephenson,  April  12,  '59,  Greene. 
Jeramiah  Stewart,  April   10,  '60,  Greene. 
Johnson  T.  Smith,  April  4,  '60,  Jackson. 
John  I.  Worley,  April  10,  '60,  Wayne. 
Peter  M.  Grimes,  April  10,  '60,  Jackson. 
•  James  Hughes,  April  10,  '60,   Richhill. 
George  W.  Bell,  April  10,  '60,  Wayne. 
John  B.  Seckman,  Api-il  10,  '60,  Centre. 


HISTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY,  4(37 

Joliii  Elbin,  April  10,  '60,  Aleppo. 
William  Rogers,  April  10,  '60,  Centre. 
William  Ilartman,  April  10,  '60,  Carmichaels  Borough. 
Morgan  Young,  April  10,  '60,  Cumberland. 
Jesse  K.  Bailey,  April  10,  '60,  Cumberland. 
Elijah  Chalfan,  April  10,  '()0  Whitely. 
Norman  Powers,  April  10,  '60,   Morris. 
Michael  Strosnider,  April  10,   '69,  Perry. 
Stephen  White,  April  10,  "60,  Springhill. 
William  T.  E.  Webb,  May  28,  '61,  Marion. 
Edward  Barker,  May  28,  '61,  Morris. 
John  Mitchner,  May  28,  '61,  Morgan. 
Jackson  Hinerman,  June  3,  '61,  Aleppo. 
Henry  Maskil,  June  3,  '61,  Jefferson. 
Jacob  Rush,  June  3,  '61,  Jefferson. 
James  Call,  June  3,  '61,  Centre. 
Samuel  Dodd,  June  17,  '61,  Franklin. 
John  P.  Morris,  April  15,  '62,  Gilmore. 
Abraham  Ammons,  April  29,  '62,  Perry. 
f  John  Lantz,   April  29,  '62,  Gilmore. 
Elias  Scott,  April  29,  '62,  Centre. 
Lewis  Dowlin,  April  29,  '62,  Dunkard. 
Enoch  11.  Denny,  April  29,  '62,  Jefferson  Borough, 
Thomas  Horner,  May  15,  '62,  Jefferson. 
Isaac  Clark,  May  5,  '63,  Franklin. 
Thomas  W.  Taylor,  May  15,  '63,  Washington. 
James  Burdine,  May  5,  '63,  Springhill. 
Miller  lams.  May  5,  '63,  Morgan. 
Eli  Rose,  May  5,  '63,  Whitely. 
William  L.  Pogue,  May  5,  '63,   Jefferson. 
James  A.  Black,   May  5,  '63,  Monongahela. 
Joseph  Connor,  May  5,  '63,  Perry. 
Andrew  Dunlap,  May  5,  '63,  Monongahela. 
Francis  Drake,  May  5,  '63,  Richhill. 
Jonah  R.  Wood,  July  13,  '63,  Carmichaels  Borough. 
Simon  Rinehart,  April  5,  '64,  Marion, 
Michael  McClelland,  April  5,  '64,  Washington. 
John  Stephenson,  April  5,  '64,  Greene. 
George  Howard,  April  5,  '64,  Dunkard. 
Elijah  Chalfan,  April  10,  '65,  Whiteley. 
Simon  A.  Huston,  April  10,  '65,  Richhill. 
Stephen  White,  April  10,  '65,  Springhill. 
Peter  M.  Grimes,  April  10,  '65,  Jackson. 
William  Wily,  June  29,  '65,  Borough  of  Carmichaels, 
Johnson  L,  Smith,  x^pril  10,  '65,  Jackson. 


468  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

George  W.  Bell,  April  10,  '65,  Wayne. 

Jolin  It.  Lygard,  April  10,  '65,  Wajme, 

Jesse  K.  Bailey,  April  10,  '65,  Cumberland. 

Jereniiali  Stewart,  April  10,  '65,  Greene. 

Norman  Powers,  April  10,  '65,  Morris. 

Jolin  T.  Elbin,  April  10,  '65,  Aleppo. 

Morgan  Young,  April  10,  '65,  Cumberland. 

Henry  Lantz,  April  10,  '65,  Greene. 

James  Coates,  July   17,  '65,  Jacksonville  Borough. 

William  T.  E.  Webb,  April  5,  '66,  Marion. 

James  Pipes,  April  5,  '66,   Franklin. 

Vincent  Lewis,  April  5,  '66,  Morris. 

James  Call,   April  5,  *66,  Centre. 

A.  J.  Hinerman,  April  5,  '66,   Aleppo. 

William  Hoskinson,  April  5,  '66,  Springliill. 

Thomas  B.  Ross,  April  5,  '66,  Morgan. 

Jacob  Rush,  April  5,  '66,  Jefferson. 

Wreenbury  Wade,  April  3,  '67,  Perry. 

George  W.  Ullom,  April  3,  '67,  Centre. 

Lewis  Dowlin,  April  3,  '67,  Dunkard. 

John  Lantz,  April  3,  '67,  Gilmore. 

Samuel  Bayard,  April  3,  '67,  Jefferson. 

Enoch  Estle,  April  3,  '67,  Borough  of  Jefferson. 

Salem  Lemmons,  April  3,  '67,   Gilmore. 

Corbly  Ornduff,  April  18,  '67,  Whitely. 

Joseph  Clutter,  April  18,  '67,  Morris. 

Samuel  Sharpneck,  April  17,  '68,  Jefferson. 

Jesse  Headlee,  April  7,  '68,  Perry. 

Francis  Drake,  April  7,  '68,  Richhill. 

Miller  lams,  April  7,  '68,  Morgan. 

Jonah  R.  Wood,  April  7,  '68,  Borough  of  Carmichaels. 

Workman  Hickman,  April  7,  '68,  Whitely. 

Stephen  Day,  April  7,  '68,  Morris. 

Isaac  Clark,  April  7,  '68,   Franklin. 

Andrew  Dunlap,  April  7,  '68,  Monongahela. 

John  P.  Williams,  April  8,  '68,  Monongahela. 

Wm.  L,  Pogue,  April  7,  '68,  Borough  of  Jefferson. 

Franklin  Seaton,  April  7,  '68,  Greene. 

Jacob  Johns,  May  26,  '68,  Washington. 

Simon  Rinehart,  April  6,   '69,  Marion. 

Cephas  Craig,  April  6,  '69,  Washington. 

George  Howard,  April  6,  '69,  Dunkard. 

William  Estle,  March  16,  '70,  Jackson. 

William  Pollock,  March  16,  '70,  Wayne. 

Isaac  Hewitt,  March  16,  '70,  Cumberland. 


'^Co^^-K^ 


HISTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  471 

Walter  L.  Batsoii,  March  16,  '70,  Morris. 

Peter  M.  Grimes,  March   16,  '70,  Jackson. 

Solomon  Hoge,  March  16,  '70,   Wayne. 

Stephen  Knight,  March  16,  '70,   Ilichhill. 

John  T.  Elbin,  March  16,  '70,  Aleppo. 

AVilliam  Wily,  March  16,  '70,  Borough  of  Carinichaels. 

Stephen  White,  March  16,  '70,  Springhill. 

J.  K.  -Baily,  March  16,  '70,  Cumberland. 

Henry  Lantz,  March  16,  '70,  Greene. 

Moredock  Silveus,  Nov.  22,  Whitely. 

William  T.  E.  Webb,  April  1,  '71,  Marion. 

John  Mitchiner,  April  1,  '71,  Marion. 

Jacob  S.  Rush,  April  1,  '71,  Jefterson. 

J.  Monroe  White,  xVpril  1,  '71,  Aleppo. 

Wm.  P.  Iloskinson,  April  1,  '71,  Springhill. 

Zadock  Gordon,  April  1,  '71,  Centre. 

Henry  Jacobs,  April  9,  '72,  Franklin. 

George  W.  Ullom,  April  9,  '72,  Centre. 

Andrew  Lantz,  April  9,  '72,  Greene. 

James  M.  Shroyer,  April  9,  *72,  Perry. 

Corbly  Ornduff,  April  9,  '72,  Whitely. 

David  H.  Paul,  April  9,  '72,  Dunkard. 

William  Clovis,  April  9,  '72,  Gilmore. 

Salem  Lemmons,  April  22,  '72,  Gilmore. 

John  P.  Williams,  April  15,  '73,  Monongahela. 

Benjamin  Mapel,  April  15,  '73,  Monongahela. 

Isaac  C.  Booher,  April  15,  '73,  Richhill. 

Stephen  J.  Day,  April  15,  '73,  Morris. 

Samuel  Pel  ton,  April  15,  '73,  Franklin. 

Jacob  John,  April  15,  '73,  Washington. 

Greenberry  Wade,  April  15,  '73,  Perry. 

Franklin  Seaton,  April  15,  '73,  Greene. 

James  G.  Patterson,  April  15,  '73,  Borough  of  Carmichaels. 

John  B.  Johnson,  April  15,  '73,  Centre. 

Enoch  H.  Denny,  April  15,  '73,  Borough  of  Jefferson. 

Solomon  B.  Wise,  April  15,  '73,  Morgan. 

Enoch  Estle,  April  15,  '73,  Borough  of  Jeiferson. 

Hiram  C.  Cloud,  April  15,  '73,  Jeiferson. 

Simon  Pinehart,  March  17,  '74,  Marion. 

Cephas  Craig,  March  17,  '74,  Washington. 

George  Howard,  March  17,  '74,  Dunkard. 

Hiram  L.  Granlee,  March  13,  '75,  Wayne. 

William  Estle,  March  13,  '75,  Jackson. 

William  Johnson,  March  13,  '75,  Wayne. 

George  W.  Daugherty,  March  13,  '75,  Borough  of  Carmichaels. 


4:72  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

John  T.  Elvin,  March  13,  75,  Aleppo. 
Peter  M.  Grimes,  March  IB,  '75,  Jackson. 
J.  K.  Bailey,  March  13,  '75,  Cumberland. 
Norman  Powers,  March  13,  '75,  Morris. 
James  Stiles,  March  13,  '75,  Springhill. 
Archibald  Kerr,  March  13,  '75,  Cumberland. 
Stephen  Knight,  April  3,  '75,  Pichhill. 
Peter  A.  Myers,  May  31,  '75,  Greene. 

D.  M.  Silveus,  March  13,  '75,  Whitely. 
John  Miinnel,  March  9,  '76,  Marion. 
James  Iloge,  March  11,  '70,  Centre. 

J.  Monroe  White,  March  11,  '76,  Aleppo. 

Thomas  H.  Meighen,  March  11,  '76,  Springhill. 

William  Burson,  March  11,  '76,  Morgan. 

A.  F.  Amnions,  March  11,  '76,  Jefferson. 

A.  C.  Pennington,  March  11,  '76,  Monongahela. 

John  Munnel,  March  17,  '77,  Marion. 

Minor  L.  Carpenter,  March  17,  '77,  Gilraore, 

Milton  Worlej,  March  17,  '77,  Franklin. 

James  Murdock,  March  17,  '77,  Borough  of  Carmichaels. 

William  Clovis,  March  17,  '77,  Gilmore. 

Corbly  Ornduff,  March  17,  '77,  Whitely. 

Manassa  Wildman,  March  17,  '77,  Dunkard. 

Andrew  Lantz,  March  17,  '77,  Greene. 

John  Blair,  March  17,  '77,  Perry. 

Lester  Kughn,  April  i,  '77,  Jackson. 

Tlioraas  L.  Lincoln,  March  25,  '78,  Borough  of  Carmicliaels. 

Thomas  Tuttle,  March  25,  '78,  Washington. 

William  Kincaid,  March  25,  '78,  Jefferson. 

Henry  Bell,  March  25,  '78,  Morgan. 

Andrew  Dunlap,  March  25,  '78,  Monongahela. 

Enoch  Estle,  March  25,  '78,  Borough  of  Jefferson. 

Warren  Mankey,  March  25,  '78,  Morris. 

James  M.  Scott,  March  25,  '78,  Franklin. 

Isaac  C.  Booher,  March  25,  '78,  Eichhill. 

E.  H.  Denny,  March  25,  '78,  Borough  of  Jefferson. 
John  B.  Johnson,  March  25,  '78,  Centre. 

John  A.  Billingsly,  March  25,  '78,  Perry. 

Simon  Rinehart,  March  4,  '79,  Borough  of  Waynesburg. 

Cephas  Craig,  March  27,  '79,  Washington. 

James  A.  Black,  March  27,  '79,  Borough  of  Greensboro. 

Alfred  Maple,  March  27,  '79.  Dunkard. 

John  Fox,  March  27,  '79,  Whitely. 

Simon  Rinehart,  Jr.,  March  27,  '79,  Borough  of  Waynesburj 

John  H.  Carson  J  March  27,  '79,  Marion. 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  473 

John  Muiinel,  March  27,  '79,  Borough  of  Waynesburg. 

Allen  J.  Keel,  May  13,  '79,  Mouongahela. 

Peter  M.  Grimes,  March  30,  '80,  Jackson. 

Archibald  Kerr,  March  30,  '80,  Cnmberland. 

David  H.  Brewer,  March  30,  '80,  Richhill. 

James  Stiles,  March  30,  "80,  Springhill. 

II.  S.  Granlee,  March  30,  "80,  Wayne. 

William  II.  Johnson,  Marcli  30,  '80,  Wayne. 

Norman  Powers,  March  30,  "80,  Morris. 

Daniel  Rich,  March  30,  '80,  Cnmberland. 

Jesse  S.  Hinerman,  March  30,  "80,  Aleppo. 

P.  A.  Myers,  March  30,  "80,  Greene. 

Jesse  Ullom,  April  19,  '81,  Centre. 

Thomas  II.  Meighen,  April  19,  '81,  Spring-hill. 

A.  F.  Ammons,  April  19,  "81,  Jefferson. 

J.  M.  White,  April  19,  '81,  Aleppo. 

John  Matthews,  April  19,  '81,  Morgan. 

W.  II.  Laning,  April  19,  '81,  Borongh  of  Greensboro. 

Manassa  Wildraan,  April  8,  '82,  Dnnkard. 

John  Lemley,  April  8,  "82,  Whitely. 

Milton  Worley,  April  8,  '82,  Franklin. 

George  W.  Lantz,  April  8,  "82,  Greene. 

William  Knox,  April  8,  '82,  Borongh  of  Carmichaels. 

Jefferson  Dye,  April  8,  "82,  Gilmore. 

Thomas  Pennington,  April  8,  '82,  Borough  of  Greensboro. 

John  Lantz,  April  8,  '82,  Gilmore. 

Hiram  Hatfield,  April  8,  '82,  Perry. 

George  Rinehart,  April  8,  '82,  Jackson. 

James  Iloge,  April  6,  "83,  Centre. 

Thomas  Tattle,  April  6,  '83,  Washington. 

James  M.  Scott,  April  6,  '83,  Franklin. 

Thomas  L.  Lincoln,  April  6,  '83,  Borough  of  Carmichaels. 

William  Kincaid,  April  6,  '83,  Jefferson. 

Warren  Mankey,  April  6,  '83,  Morris. 

Andrew  Dunlap,  April  6,  '83,  Monongahela. 

Michael  C.  Monroe,  April  6,  "83,  Perry. 

Isaac  C.  Booher,  April  6,  '83,  Richhill. 

William  Pollock,  April  6,  '83,  Borough  of  Jefferson. 

James  L.  Corbett,  April  6,  '83,  Morgan. 

James  A.  Black,  April  7,  84,  Borough  of  Greensboro. 

Alfred  Maple,  April  7,  '84,  Dunkard. 

Hamilton  Kuhn,  April  7,  '84,  Whitely. 

W.  T.  AVebb,  April  7,  '84,  Borough  of  Waynesburg. 

Ingram  Rush,  April  7,  '84,  Washington. 

M.  M.  McClelland,  April  7,  '84,  Washington. 


474  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

Simon  Eineliart,  April  7,  '84,  Borough  of  Wayuesburg. 

A.  J.  Neil,  April  7,  '84,  Monongahela. 

W.  n.  Laning,  April  7,  '84,  Borough  of  Greensboro. 

Enoch  Estle,  May  15,  '84,  Borough  of  Jefferson. 

Archibald  Kerr,  April  16,  '85,  Cumberland. 

Peter  M.  Grimes,  April  16,  '85,  Jackson. 

Enoch  Mapel,  April  16,  '85,  Wayne. 

Daniel  Rich,  April  16,  '85,  Cumberland. 

Jesse  S.   Ilinerman,   April  16,  '85,  Aleppo. 

David  H.  Brewer,  April   16,  '85,  Richhill. 

II.  L.  Granlee,  April  16,  '85,  Wayne. 

James  Stiles,  April  16,  '85,   Springhill. 

P.  A.  Myers,  April  16,  '85,  Greene. 

Elias  C.  Stone,   April  16,  '85,  Borough  of  Greensboro. 

William  Clevenger,  April   16,  '85,   Monongahela. 

John  H.  Carson,  October  30,  '85,  Borough  of  Waynesburg. 

J.  M.  White,  April  17,  '86,  Aleppo. 

A.  F.  Ammons,  April  17,  '86,  Jefferson. 

John  11.  Smith,  April  17,  '86,  Morris. 

Perry  Teagarden,  April   17,  '86,  Jefferson. 

John  L.  Matthews,   April  17,  '86,  Morgan. 

Francis  Barger,  April  17,  '86,  Springhill. 

Jesse  Ulloin,  April  17,  '86,  Centre. 

Wm.  M.  Nickerson,  April  17,  ^86,  Borough  of  Carmichaels. 

A.  L.  Montgomery,  April  17,  '86,  Franklin. 

J.  H.  Carson,  April  17,  '86,  Borough  of  Waynesburg. 

Robinson  John,  April  17,  '86,  Whitely. 

James  F.  Morris,  April  25,  '87,  Jackson. 

George  AV.  Lantz,  April  25,  '87,  Greene. 

Hiram  Hatfield,  April  25,  '87,  Perry. 

Jefferson  Dye,  April  25,  '87,  Gilmore. 

J.  W.  Rinehart,  April  25,  '87,  Franklin. 

Salem  Lemmon,  April  25,  '87,  Franklin. 

Benjamin  Stone,  April  25,  '87,  Dunkard. 

L.  F.  Stentz,  April  25,  '87,  Borough  of  Greensboro. 

Thomas  Montgomery,  April  25,  '87,  Morgan. 

John  W.  Hays,  November  29,  '87,  Borough  of  Waynesburg. 

Warren  Mankey,  April  5,  '88,  Morris. 

Thomas  L.  Lincoln,  April  5,  '88,  Borough  of  Carmichaels. 

W.  H.  Faddis,  April  5,  '88,  Jefferson. 

J.  C.  Booher,  xVpril  5,  '88,  Richhill. 

Jesse  McNeeley,  April  5,  '88,  Centre. 

William  Pollock,  April  5,  '88,  Borough  of  Jefferson. 

George  Frazier,  April  5,  '88,  Borough  of  Waynesburg. 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  475 

John  Milliken,  April  5,  '88,  Perry. 
J.  O.  Kennedy,  April  5,  '88,  Gilmore. 

COtTNTT    SUPERINTENDENTS    OF    SCHOOLS. 

John  A.  Gordon,  May,  '54. 

A.  J.  McGlumphy,  May,  '57. 

G.  W.  Baker,  May,  '59. 

John  A.  Gordon,  May,  '60. 

A.  B.  Miller,  May,  '61. 

T.  J.  Teal,  May,  '63. 

T.  J.  Teal,  May,  '66. 

T.  J.  Teal,  May  '69. 

T.  J.  Teal,  May,  '72. 

A.  F.  Silvins,  May,  '75. 

S.  F.  Iloge,   May,  '78. 

William  M.  Nickerson,  May,  '81. 

James  S.  Herrington,  May,  '84. 

A.  J.  Waychoff,  May,  '87. 

DISTRICT    ATTORNEYS. 

Cornelius  Darrah,  1850. 

Wm.  H.  Babbit,  1850  to  1855,  two  terms. 

A.  A.  Purman,  1855  to  1861,  two  terms. 
K.  A.  McConnel],  1861  to  1864. 

G.  G.  Ritchie,  1864  to  1866. 
D.  R  P.  Huss,  1866  to  1870. 
Geo.  W.  Ingraham,  1870  to  1873. 
W.  A.  Hook,  1873  to  1879,  two  terms. 

B.  W.  Carpenter,  1879  to  1882. 
W.  H.  Barb,  1882  to  1885. 

D.  R.  P.  Hnss,  1885  to  1888. 
D.  Pt.  P.  Huss,  1888. 

COMMISSIONERS. 

Geo.  Estle,  January,  1871,  to  January,  1873. 

Stephenson  Garard,  January,  1872,  to  January,  1875. 

Wm.  P.  Cosgray,  January,  1873,  to  January,  1876. 

Robert  Smith,  January,  1874,  to  January,  1876. 

Wm.  L,  Pogue,  January,  1875,  to  January,  1876. 

Wm.  L.  Pogue,  ) 

J.  P.  Morris,  I    January,  1876,  to  January,  1879. 

John  Morris,  \ 

Jacob  Coll,  ) 

Stephen  M.  Knotts,     J-    January,  1879,  to  January,  1882. 

Thomas  Lucas,  j 


476 


HISTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 


William  Hickman, 
Thomas  Ross, 
S.  H.  Adamson, 
Stephen  Acklin, 
Corbly  Ornduff, 
Hiram  White, 
William  Elair, 
Thomas  Courtwright, 
William  Clovis, 


January,  1882,  to  January,  1885, 


January,  1885,  to  January,  1888. 


January,  1888. 


AUDITORS. 


David  A.  Spragg,  January,  1871,  to  January,  1874. 

Samuel  Montgomery,  January,  1872,  to  January,  1875. 

Lester  Kughn,  January,  1873,  to  January,  187G. 

Corbly  Ornduif,  January,  1874,  to  January,  1876. 

John  H.  Bell,  January,  1875,  to  January,  187G. 

Edward  W.  Wood,     ) 

John  R.  Bell,  I    January,  1876,  to  January,  1879. 

W.  C.  Leonard,  \ 

R'M.  Shriver, 

Eli  Titus, 

Richard  Zollars, 

John  A.  Knisely, 

J.  M.  White, 

J.  W.  Gregg, 

C.  H.  Fraker, 

Jesse  Courtwright, 

Harvey  Day, 

M.  M.  Shirk, 

Isaac  I.  Ferrel, 

John  C.  Hampson, 


Januarj^,  1879,  to  January,  1882. 


January,  1882,  to  January,  1885. 


January,  1885,  to  January,  1888. 


January,  1888,  present  board. 


POOR    HOUSE    DIRECTORS. 

Richard  lams,  January,  1871,  to  1874. 

Yalentine  Nichols,  January,  1872,  to  1875. 

Thomas  M.  Ross,  January,  1873,  to  1876. 

Isaac  Mitchell,  January,  1874,  to  1877. 

John  Scott,  January,  1875,  to  1878. 

James  M.  Adamson,  January,  1876,  to  1879. 

Thomas  Smith,  1878  to  1881. 

George  McYay,  1879  to  1882. 

James  Kelley,  elected  1879.     Resigned. 

Joseph  Webster,  1881  to  1884. 

Isaac  Mitchell,  1881  to  1883.     Sliort  term. 

Samuel  Braden,  1882  to  1885. 

C.  W.  Scott,  1883  to  1886. 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  477 

Isaac  J.  IIupp,  1884  to  1887. 

H.  P.  Rinehart,  1885  to  1888. 

Stephen  U.  McNeely,  1886,  ) 

Cephas  Grimes,  1887,  >  Present  Board. 

Emanuel  Beall,  1888,  ) 

JURY    COMMISSIONERS. 

George  W.  Connor,  Jacob  Greenlee — 1871  to  1874. 
Thomas  McClenathan,  Isaac  Teao<arden — 1874  to  1877. 
William  P.  Scott,  Josiah  Gwynn^  1877  to  1880. 
A.  M.  Temble,  Cephas  Guthrie— 1880  to  1883. 
Samuel  Roberts,  John  L.  Raj— 1883  to  188G. 
J.  P.  Allum,  W.  II.  Virgin— 1880  to  1889. 

BURGESSES    OF    WAYNESBURG. 

A.  G.  Cross,  1802. 

G.  W.  G.  Waddell,  1808. 

A.  G.  Cross,  1809. 

W.  T.  E.  Webl),  1872. 

G.  W.  G.  AVaddell,  1873-1874. 

R.  F.  Downey,  1870. 

J.  W.  Ray. 

D.  S.  Walton. 

John  Guilier. 

W.  E.  Miner. 

T.  R.  Purman. 

Robt.  A.  Sayers,  1887-1888. 


478  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 


CHAPTER  XXXIll. 
ALEPPO    TOWNSHIP. 

Speculators — Boundakies — Outlook  on  the  Highlands — Lewis 
Wetzel — Have  a  Scalp  ok  Lose  My  Own — Note  of  the  Tur- 
key GoBLER — ^A  Price  Set  on  His  Head — Put  in  Irons — 
Agility  in  Running — "  Conrad  Maer" — Schools — Directors. 

ALEPPO  was  organized  as  a  township  in  1821,  and  formerly 
embraced  Springliill.  It  was,  however,  late  in  becoming  gen- 
erally peopled,  from  the  fact  that  speculators  had  bought  up  large 
blocks  of  land  and  prevented  their  being  opened  to  settlement  except 
at  high  prices.  The  surface  is  broken,  and  though  it  has  no  large 
streams  it  is  well  watered,  the  copious  springs  along  its  high- 
lands forming  the  source  of  water-ways  that  flow  to  almost  every 
point  of  the  compass,  the  South  Fork  of  Wheeling  Creek  and  its 
tributaries  flowing  to  the  north  and  east,  and  those  of  Fishing  Creek 
to  the  south  and  west.  It  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Richhill,  on 
the  east  by  Jackson,  on  the  south  by  Springliill,  and  on  the  west  by 
the  State  line,  which  separates  it  from  West  Virginia. 

Tenants  are  found  here,  as  they  are  found  spread  all  over  the 
southwestern  corner  of  the  county.  The  Fletchers,  the  Hinermans, 
the  Mitchells,  and  Glillenstines,  and  the  population  generally  are  in- 
dustrious, enterprising  and  prosperous,  the  farms  being  under  a  good 
state  of  cultivation,  the  highways  well  kept,  and  the  houses  and  out- 
buildings in  good  condition.  In  the  western  part  of  this  township, 
on  the  highlands  which  divide  the  head  waters  of  Long  Run  from 
those  of  Herod's  Run,  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  and  picturesque 
views  that  gladdens  the  eye  of  the  traveler  in  any  part  of  the  world. 
The  road  winds  along  the  very  summit  of  the  ridge,  past  the  pleas- 
ant seat  of  the  Centennial  Church,  the  outlook  from  the  entrance  to 
which  commands  a  wide  view  of  all  this  delectable  country.  For  grand- 
eur, and  quiet  serene  loveliness,  not  the  hills  of  the  Rhine,  nor  the 
valleys  of  the  Arno  can  match  it.  On  a  clear  autumnal  day,  when 
all  the  forests  are  painted  in  their  matchless  colors,  and  the  roseate 
tints  of  the  morning  are  softening  into  the  golden  light  of  noon,  the 
traveler  pauses  to  revel  on  the  enchanting  view  and  is  loth  to  quit 
this  bewitching  region.  It  was  in  the  month  of  May  that  one 
who  had  trod  the  highlands  of  Scotland,  and  the   margins   of  her 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  479 

lakes  renowned  in  story,  the  green  lanes  of  merry  England,  the 
goodly  heritage  of  France,  tilled  like  a  garden,  the  towering  moun- 
tains of  Switzerland,  and  the  classic  shores  of  Italy,  paused  upon 
this  elevation  to  brush  from  his  brow  the  dust  of  travel,  and  inhale 
the  refreshing  breeze  beneath  the  ample  shade.  The  forest,  now  in 
full  leaf,  sweeps  down  through  the  deep  valley  and  up  the  oppos- 
ing hills,  interspersed  with  patches  ot  wheat  and  long  stretches  of 
green  meadow.  Soft  wooled  flocks  gladden  the  hills,  and  foals  with 
their  dams  lay  stretched  at  full  broadside  after  their  morning  feed 
upon  the  fresh  pasturage.  The  bird  sings  his  gladsome  note,  and 
from  far  away  in  the  valley  comes  the  monotonous  call  of  the  quail, 
and  the  quickened  drumming  of  the  partridge.  On  the  far  distant 
height  of  the  well  rounded  hill  at  the  very  summit  is  left  a  single 
tree,  tall  and  stately,  rejoicing  in  dense  foliage,  around  which  the 
kine  gather  to  chew  the  quid  of  content.  And  here  he  thought  is 
the  delectable  spot,  more  charming  than  any  that  has  ever  greeted 
his  eye  before. 

From  the  fact  that  the  land  in  this  township  was  held  back  from 
settlement,  it  was  for  many  years  the  favorite  haunt  of  game  and 
the  chosen  tramping  ground,  in  the  proper  season,  of  huntsmen,  botli 
whites  and  Indians.  A  celebrated  hunter,  Lewis  Wetzel,  though  his 
home  was  on  Wheeling  Creek,  outside  of  the  township,  spent  much 
of  his  time  in  roaming  up  and  down  its  spacious  forests.  A  notice, 
therefore,  of  some  of  his  exploits  may  not  inappropriately  be  given 
here.  His  own  experience  with  the  cold  blooded  massacres  of  the 
red  men  had  taught  him  swift  revenge,  and  he  lived  to  be  the  avenger 
of  their  cruelty. 

In  the  summer  of  1786  the  Indians  became  very  troublesome  in 
the  neighborhood  of  Wheeling,  A  purse  of  $100  was  offered  to  the 
man  who  would  bring  in  the  first  Indian  scalp.  The  families  of 
Wetzel  and  Bonnet  dwelt  at  this  time  on  AYheeling  Creek,  and  the 
two  youths,  Lewis  AVetzel  and  Lewis  Bonnet,  joined  the  company 
which  volunteered  to  hunt  the  savages.  Having  trailed  them  across 
the  Ohio  into  the  Indian  country,  and  come  upon  an  encampment 
greatly  outnumbering  the  volunteers,  it  was  decided  to  return  with- 
out attacking.  When  the  return  march  had  commenced,  Wetzel  was 
observed  to  be  sullen,  and  on  being  asked  by  the  commander.  Major 
McMahan,  if  he  was  not  going  back,  "■  JNo,"  was  the  response,  "■  I 
have  come  to  hunt  Indians,  and  I  shall  have  a  scalp,  or  lose  my 
own."  Moving  stealthily  through  the  forest  lie  came  upon  a  hunt- 
ing camp  occupied  by  two  Indians.  After  cooking  their  supper  they 
sat  down  to  amuse  themselves  by  telling  stories  and  indulging  in 
boisterous  laughter.  Finally  one  of  them  started  out  with  a  torch, 
as  if  to  watch  at  a  deer  lick.  When  the  other  had  sunk  to  profound 
slumber,  young  Wetzel  entered  the  camp,  plunged  his  knife  to  the 

24 


480  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

lieart  of  the  savage,  and  departed  with  his  victim's  scalp.  He 
readied  home  on  the  following  day  and  claimed  the  prize. 
|j  A  favorite  method  practiced  by  the  Indians  to  decoy  the  settlers 
to  their  death,  was  to  go  near  a  settlement  and  imitate,  at  early  dawn, 
the  gobble  of  a  wild  turkey.  •  Tliis  was  almost  sure  to  draw  forth 
the  settler  with  his  rifle  to  secure  the  bird.  Thei-e  was  a  cave  on  the 
hill-side  overlooking  the  creek,  and  from  the  neighborhood  of  this 
cave  Wetzel  had  heard  the  familiar  call  and  susj)ected  it  to  be  the 
decoy  of  an  Indian,  Crawling  from  his  cot  before  the  dawn,  he  went 
by  a  circuitious  route  out  of  view  of  the  mouth  of  the  cave,  until  he 
had  reached  an  opening  from  which  he  could  observe  it  without  at- 
tracting attention.  He  had  not  been  long  in  position — the  gray 
dawn  now  breaking — before  the  top-knot  of  an  Indian  emerged  from 
the  cavern,  and  a  very  good  imitation  of  a  turkey  gobbler's  note  was 
uttered,  when  the  wily  savage  slunk  back  into  his  secure  hiding 
place,  to  watch  for  the  approach  of  some  luckless  hunter.  Soon  the 
polished  head  of  the  savage  was  again  seen  issuing  from  the  cave. 
But  now  Wetzel  was  prepared  for  him  and  taking  deliberate  aim 
sent  a  bullet  through  the  brain  of  the  cunning  denizen  of  the  woods. 
The  song  of  that  turkey  lured  no  more  huntsmen  to  their  doom. 

When  bloody  massacres  had  been  perpetrated,  Wetzel  never  hes- 
itated to  follow  single-handed  and  attack  the  savages  wherever  found. 
On  one  occasion,  having  pursued  across  the  Ohio  into  the  Muskingum 
counti-y,  he  came  upon  a  camp  occupied  by  four  braves.  Waiting 
till  they  were  all  in  profound  slumber,  he  leaned  his  rifle  against  a 
tree,  and  seizing  his  tomahawk  in  one  hand  and  his  long  knife  in  the 
other,  crept  noiselessl}'^  into  their  midst  and  buried  his  hatchet  in 
the  skull  of  one,  and  quick  as  thought  hewed  down  another,  ac- 
companying his  movements  witli  unearthly  yells.  A  third  shared  a 
like  fate.  The  fourth,  seized  with  a  mortal  terror,  rushed  wildly  into 
the  forest  and  escaped.  With  three  Indian  scalps  to  grace  his  belt 
he  returned  home. 

On  another  occasion,  while  out  hunting,  he  entered  a  deserted 
cabin  and  crawling  up  into  the  rafters,  laid  down  to  sleep.  He 
had  not  been  long  there  before  six  marauding  Indians  entered  to  pass 
the  night.  Waiting  till  all  were  asleep  he  noiselessly  descended,  and 
placed  himself  on  guard  for  the  morning.  Early  one  of  the  Indians 
came  out,  yawned,  stretched,  and  at  that  instant  a  ball  from  Wetzel's 
rifle  pierced  his  heart.  Not  trusting  to  further  adventure  Wetzel 
lost  no  time  in  placing  himself  at  a  safe  distance  from  the  rest  of 
the  party. 

Having  shot  an  Indian  after  term.s  of  peace  liad  been  concluded 
with  General  Harraer,  he  was  seized  and  placed  in  irons;  but  ha\nng 
excited  the  pity  of  Ilarmer,  the  shackles  were  struck  from  his  feet, 
and  he  amused  his  guards  by  showing  liis  fleetness  of  foot.     One  day 


HISTORY    OP    GREENE    COUNTY.  481 

he  ran  so  swiftly  that  he  forgot  to  return.  He  was  fired  upon,  but 
escaped  unharmed  to  the  river  bank,  where  he  was  ferried  across  by 
ids  old  friend,  Isaac  Wiseman,  when  the  liandcutfs  were  knocked  from 
his  hands  and  he  returned  to  his  home,  llarmer  subsequently  offered 
a  reward  for  his  apprehension,  and  while  on  a  visit  to  Kentucky  he 
was  again  captured  and  put  in  irons,  but  was  released  on  bail.  Judge 
Foster  describes  him  in  1789,  "  as  a  man  26  years  old,  five  feet  ten, 
full-breasted,  very  broad-shouldered,  long  arms,  dark-skinned,  black 
eyes,  face  pitted  deep  with  small-pox,  and  hair,  of  which  he  was  very 
careful,  when  combed,  reaching  to  the  calves  of  his  legs." 

Having  lived  for  some  time  in  Kentucky  he  returned  to  Wheeling 
Creek,  and  having  been  invited  by  a  young  friend  and  relative  to 
accompany  him  to  Dunkard  Creek,  he  went.  Arrived  at  his  friend's 
cabin,  what  was  their  surprise  to  find  a  mass  of  smoking  ruins,  the 
work  of  a  party  of  savages.  Examining  the  trail,  Wetzel  decided 
that  it  was  a  party  of  three  Indians,  a  renegade  white,  and  a  girl 
whom  they  were  carrying  away  captive,  and  whom  they  rightly  guessed 
was  the  affianced  of  his  friend.  The  3'oung  men  were  not  long  in 
preparing  to  follow  the  trail.  The  Indians  had  crossed  the  Ohio  be 
fore  they  were  come  up  with,  and  had  their  camp  near  the  mouth  of 
Captina  Creek.  Swimming  the  stream  at  evening  they  reconnoitered. 
the  camp,  but  prudently  decided  to  await  the  dawn.  As  soon  as 
day  broke,  Wetzel  singled  out  the  largest  Indian,  and  his  friend  the 
white  man,  and  fired  simultaneously,  both  bringing  down  their  victims. 
The  two  Indians  took  to  the  woods,  and  the  friend  rescued  the  maiden 
dear  to  his  heart.  Wetzel  pursued  the  savages,  and  to  draw  them 
from  their  hiding  place,  fired  at  random.  With  uplifted  tomahawk 
they  rushed  from  their  concealment  after  him.  Keloading  as  he  ran, 
he  suddenly  turned  and  shot  the  foremost  Indian.  The  remaining 
savage,  thinking  that  his  gun  was  now  empty,  rushed  after  him;  but 
by  dodging  from  tree  to  tree  Wetzel  foiled  his  antagonist  till  he  had 
another  charge  in  his  gun,  when  the  remaining  foeman  fell  an  easy 
prey  to  his  trusty  rifle.  This  incident  has  been  made  the  subject  of 
a  thrilling  romance  entitled  "Conrad  Maer," 

In  intelligence  and  sobriety  the  people  of  Aleppo  Township  hold 
a  commendable  rauR.  The  school  report  of  1855  credits  it  with  nine 
schools  with  14:9  pupils,  and  the  report  of  1887  with  ten  schools  and 
448  pupils.  Superintendent  McGlumphy  in  his  report  of  1859  says 
"  This  district  is  poor,  the  land  being  but  recently  disposed  of  in  par- 
cels and  consequently  not  much  improved.  It  is  hoped  that  better 
times  are  coming."  Twenty  years  have  wrought  a  marvelous  change. 
The  school  directors  for  the  present  year  are:  Samuel  Evans,  Pres- 
ident; Frederick  Wise,  Secretary;  George  Murray,  Blair  Michel,  J. 
M.  Houston  and  Willtam  B.  King. 


482  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 


CHAPTEE  XXXIY. 
CENTRE     TOWNSHIP. 

Location — How  Watered — Productions — Osage  Orange  Hedge — 

ROGERSYILLE BUSINESS ChURCHES ClINTON     MaRKED     FOR 

County  Seat — Hunter's  C  aye — The  Haryeys — Daniel  Throck- 
morton—South  Ten-Mile  Baptist  Church — Eutan — Oak  For- 
est— Schools — Thomas  Pursley  —  Molly  Sellers  —  Attacked 
BY  Indians — Thomas  Hoge. 

CENTRE,  the  largest  in  territory  of  any  township  in  the  county,  is 
situated  in  the  western  central  part,  and  is  almost  exclusively  de- 
voted to  agricultural  pursuits.  It  was  organized  in  1824,  It  is 
bounded  on  the  north  by  Morris,  on  the  east  by  Franklin,  on  the 
south  by  Wayne  and  Jackson,  and  on  the  west  by  Jackson  and  Rich- 
hill.  The  surface  is  very  broken,  or  rather  heavily  rolling,  but  the 
soil  is  deep  and  very  fertile.  It  is  well  watered  by  South  Ten-Mile 
Creek,  and  Pursley,  one  of  its  tributaries.  The  waters  are  pure  and 
sparkling,  the  springs  everywhere  copious,  and  the  farms  in  a  high 
state  of  cultivation.  In  no  part  of  Pennsylvania  is  there  seen  greater 
evidence  of  thrift.  Grain  and  hay  are  produced  in  great  abundance, 
hne-wooled  sheep  are  pastured  on  all  the  hillsides,  the  finest  blooded 
horses  are  bred,  and  cattle  and  swine  of  the  best  stock  are  brought  to 
perfection  here.  Sugar  maples  formerly  grew  luxuriously  in  all  the 
valleys  and  up  the  deep  ravines;  but,  inlluenccd  by  a  mistaken  policy, 
the  sugar  orchards  have  nearly  all  been  swept  away.  Along  the  high- 
ways in  some  parts  are  seen  hedges  of  the  Osage  orange.  This  also 
is  probably  a  mistaken  policy.  Of  all  the  kinds  of  fences  which  the 
husbandman  employs  to  hem  in  his  fields,  this  is  one  of  the  most  ex- 
pensive and  unphilosophic.  It  must  be  planted  and  fenced  several 
years  l)efore  it  can  be  relied  on  to  stop  flocks  and  herds,  and  when 
groY'n  the  beast  if  determined  to  do  so  will  find  a  place  to  break 
through.  It  must  be  annually  pruned,  which  is  anything  but  an 
agreeable  occupation,  and  hence  is  one  of  the  most  expensive  fences 
to  keep  in  repair  that  is  in  use.  Besides,  it  is  a  nursing  place  for 
every  foul  weed,  bush  and  bramble,  sucks  the  fertility  from  the  soil 
for  a  considerable  distance  into  the  field,  and  is  an  ugly  barrier  for  a 
human  being  to  cross,  especially  Y'hen  chasedi  by  a  mad  bull,  an  in- 
furiated ram,  or  a  cunning  horse. 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  483 

Rogersville  is  a  thriving  village  situated  at  the  confluence  of 
Lightner's  Kun  with  Ten-Mile  Creek,  on  the  great  trail  from  Waynes- 
burg  to  AVheeling.  Archer  and  Tinens  originally  owned  the  tract 
where  the  village  is  now  located,  but  it  was  subsequently  acquired  by 
Henry  Church.  Fifty  years  ago  he  had  a  large  distillery  here.  John 
Rogers,  who  died  eight  years  ago,  and  for  whom  the  place  was  named, 
once  owned  most  of  the  land.  Mrs.  Nancy  Sellers,  wife  of  George 
Sellers,  a  former  justice  of  the  peace,  resides  here  a!id  has  a  remark- 
ably retentive  memory  of  everything  pertaining  to  the  history  of  the 
town  for  a  long  period.  A  Methodist  Church  was  organized  at  an 
early  day,  but  for  several  years  had  no  house  of  worship,  holding 
services  in  the  school-house  and  in  barns.  Mr.  Church  once  had  a 
protracted  meeting  in  his  barn.  Wilson  Braddock  was  one  of  the 
early  pastors.  James  Turner,  who  died  at  a  great  age  during  the 
year  1887,  also  ministered.  In  1874  a  new  house  of  worship  was 
built.  The  lirst  store  opened  here  was  kept  by  Cephas  Coe,  an  orphan 
boy  who  was  in  delicate  health  and  unlit  to  endure  the  hardships  of 
frontier  life.  It  is  now  owned  by  Jesse  Uhlom,  the  jn-esent  justice  of 
the  peace.  A  fort  for  protection  against  the  Indians  had  an  existence 
here  at  an  early  day.  Clinton,  a  small  place  a  short  distance  down 
the  creek,  was  originally  owned  by  the  grandfather  of  Mrs.  Jesse 
Uhlom,  and  here  it  was  understood  that  the  county  seat  was  to  have 
been  located,  quite  as  central  and  even  more  suitable  than  that  chosen; 
but  by  some  chance  it  missed  that  fortune.  Hopewell,  now  known 
as  Hunter's  Cave,  a  small  village  in  the  northern  part  of  the  town- 
ship, also  has  a  Methodist  Church  and  a  Christian  Church. 

One  of  the  early  families  in  this  township  was  that  of  Thomas 
Harvey.  The  head  of  the  family  originally  emigrated  from  France 
to  Ireland,  thence  to  England,  and  tinally  to  Philadelpliia.  On  tiie 
1st  of  January,  1807,  the  family  left  Philadelphia  for  the  Mononga- 
hela  country,  and  were  three  months  in  getting  through.  William, 
an  elder  brother,  had  come  on  before,  and  had  located  in  this  vallejs 
where  he  taught  school  and  had  pupils  from  a  distance  of  six  ami 
seven  miles  around.  There  were  three  sons,  Thomas,  Joseph  and 
Samuel.  They  built  a  camp  or  shed  the  first  season,  and  made  maple 
sugar,  and  here  they  lived  until  fall,  when  they  built  a  log  house.  - 
Afterwards  they  erected  a  more  pretentious  house,  two  stories  in 
height,  of  hewed  logs,  where  they  kept  a  hotel.  The  mail  carrier 
from  Morgantown  to  Wheeling  ujade  this  one  of  his  points,  and 
frequently  had  not  a  single  letter  in  his  pouch.  The  family  was 
originally  Presbyterian,  but  became  Baptist.  Daniel  Throckmorton 
and  wife  were  the  first  Baptists  in  that  section.  They  were  very 
devout,  and  were  accustomed  to  go  once  a  month  to  attend  service  at 
Goshen  Baptist  Church,  the  oldest  in  the  county,  twenty  miles  away. 
Tiring  of  these  long  journeys  to  worship,  which  he  was  accustomed 


484  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

to  take  with  his  wife  on  horseback,  and  moved  with  the  desire  to 
proselyte,  he  joined  with  his  neighbors  in  organizing  a  church  in 
that  neighborhood,  which  was  known  as  the  South  Ten-Mile  Baptist  . 
Church.  The  church  was  organized  and  the  iirst  services  were  held 
in  a  barn.  In  1841  a  comfortable  frame  house  was  erected,  and  in 
1883  a  line  new  edilice.  Ilutan,  a  small  village,  named  for  State 
Senator  and  Congressman  James  S.  Rutan,  is  located  in  the  Ten-Mile 
Creek  valley,  and  from  its  favorable  location  where  leading  thorough- 
fares meet,  is  likely  to  become  a  place  of  considerable  business  im- 
portance. In  1873  William  Ilendershot  opened  a  small  store  here. 
In  the  following  year  W.  T.  Hays  bought  the  establishment  and 
built  up  a  prosperous  trade.  In  1887  he  sold  the  store  and  good  will 
to  the  Goodwin  Brothers.  On  Pursley  Creek,  in  the  southeast  corner 
of  the  township,  there  has  sprung  up  a  highly  prosperous  village 
known  by  the  suggestive  name  of  Oak  Forest.  It  has  a  flouring 
mill  provided  with  machinery  for  reducing  the  grain  by  the  improved 
roller  process,  two  stores,  and  the  usual  concomitants  of  a  country 
town.  By  the  oflicial  statement  in  1855,  Centre  Township  is  reported 
to  have  fifteen  schools  and  576  pupils.  Great  improvement  in  the 
qualifications  of  teachers,  grade  of  school-houses,  and  devotion  of 
directors  and  parents  to  the  best  interests  of  the  schools,  is  percepti- 
ble since  that  day.  The  board  of  directors  is  constituted  as  follows: 
William  Arndofi",  President;  Jesse  Patterson,  Secretary;  Joseph  Mc- 
Neely,  Thomas  Scott,  S.  B.  Hufiinan  and  Henry  Church. 

About  the  year  1775,  three  German  families  emigrated  and  set- 
tled near  the  mouth  of  Pursley  Creek.  Two  of  these,  by  the  name  of 
Sellers,  appropriated  the  lands  since  owned  bj  John  Buchanan  and 
Fordyce  Thomas.  The  other  family  1)ore  the  name  of  Povator,  and 
improved  the  tract  where  Edward  Wood  and  Doc.  Huff'man  live. 
A  year  later  came  Benjamin  Pursley,  and  located  the  land  now 
owned  by  George  Hoge,  Jr.,  and  from  him  Pursley  Creek  was  named. 
The  family  of  the  elder  Sellers  consisted  of  himself,  wife,  and  four 
sons,  Leonard,  Jacob,  George  and  John,  the  latter  being  demented. 
They  lived  in  a  cabin  built  for  defense,  located  near  a  spring  below 
the  house  of  Mr.  Buchanan,  still  standing.  Leonard  Sellers  married 
Mary,  the  only  child  of  Gasper  Povator,  with  whom  the  young  couple 
lived.  One  afternoon  in  the  fall  of  1780,  or  thereabouts,  Leonard 
shouldered  his  gun,  and  journeyed  into  the  forest  for  game.  Molly, 
the  wife,  with  her  twin  children,  and  her  sister-in-law,  went  out 
to  gather  grapes.  Molly  spread  her  apron  upon  the  ground,  and  sat 
the  two  children  upon  it,  and  wdiile  busily  engaged  gathering  clusters, 
Indians,  creeping  stealthily,  fired  or  rushed  suddenly  upon  them. 
Molly  instinctively  and  instantly  bounded  away,  oblivious  to  every- 
thing except  the  terrible  vision  of  the  inhuman  savages  rushing  upon 
her,  and  firing  after  her.     Having  escaped  their  deadly  clutch,  she 


HISTORY    OF    GKEENE    COUNTY.  4^5 

ran  at  her  utmost  speed,  not  halting  till  she  had  reached  her  own 
cabin,  wlien  some  one  exclaimed,  "  Why,  Molly,  where  are  your 
children?"  This  was  the  lirst  thought  that  the  terror-stricken 
motlier  had,  that  her  babes  had  been  with  her  in  the  woods.  With 
a  shriek  and  a  bound  she  flew  back  over  the  ground  by  which  she 
had  come,  to  meet  death  if  she  must,  only  intent  on  rescuiuf  her 
little  ones.  When  she  reached  the  spot,  she  found  the  children  sit- 
ting upon  the  apron  as  she  had  left  them,  but  horrible  to  behohl, 
both  scalped.  Fearing  pursuit  the  Indians  had  fled.  On  approach- 
ing the  children,  one  of  them  looked  up  and  smiled,  when  it  reco"-- 
nized  its  mother.  Folding  them  to  her  bosom  in  the  apron  as  they 
sat,  she  hurried  home,  and  upon  her  arrival,  found  a  huge  butcher 
knife  in  the  folds  of  the  apron,  that  the  savage  had  dropped.  One 
of  the  children  died,  and  the  other  lived  to  become  the  wife  of  Joseph 
Aukram,  and  the  mother  of  a  family.  The  sister-in-law,  who  was 
with  her,  was  carried  away,  and  was  never  heard  of  more. 

During  the  first  run  home  the   mother  saw  the  bark  knocked  ofl 
a  sapling  before  her  by  the  ball  from  the  Indian's  gun,  which  passed 
between  her  Ixtdy  and  her  arm,  but  fortunately  did  not  harm  her, 
and  when  she  jumped  off  the  creek  bank  into   the  sand  she  made  a 
greater  leap  than  any  man  in  the  settlement  was  able  to  do.     But  the 
powerful  exertion  re(|uired  for  the  leap,  and   the  running  back  and 
forth,  together  with   the   shock  produced  by  seeing  her  poor  scalped 
babes,  proved  nearly  fatal.     She   was  completely   broken  down,  and 
for  over  a  year  was  in  a  very  feeble  and  critical  condition,  never  re- 
gaining her  natural  vigor.     So  violent  was  her  hatred  of  the  savages 
ever   after,  that    she   not  only   became   much  excited  whenever  she 
related  these  incidents,  but  usually  added,    "  If  ever  I  should  see  an 
Indian,  no  difference  where  he  was,  or  who,  or  how  friendly  he  pre- 
tended to  be,  I  know  I  should  try  to  kill  him — I  know  I  could  not 
help  it.''     The  husband  returned  at  evening,  but  so  horror  and  grief 
stricken   that  he  soon  sickened  and  died.     Thomas  Iloge,  who  fur- 
nishes many  of  the  particulars  related   above,  says:     "  My  parents 
when  first  married,  sixty  years  ago,  settled  on  Pursley,  where  John 
Hoge   now  lives,   on   the  improvement  made  by  Ben  Pursley,  from 
whom  both  the  creek  and  Ben's  Run  took   their  nam^s.      Old  Molly 
was  a  practicing  midwife,  and  my  mother  thinks  she  was  a  daughter 
of  old  Molly  Hoffman  who  lived  about  the  mouth  of  Pursley  Creek, 
and   was   also  a  midwife.     She  also  adds  that  when  they  settled  on 
Pursley  there  were  but  two  or  three  families  above  them  on  all  the 
waters  of  that    stream.     There  were   in   places   two  miles  or  more 
together  of  solid   woods,  without  a  stick  amiss,  where  deer,  wolves 
and  wild  turkeys  were  very  plenty,  with   a   sprinkling  of  bears  and 
rattle-snakes.     The  deer  were  very  troublesome  in  pasturing  off  the 
young  wheat  in  winter  and  early  spring,  and  wolves  were  so  bold  that 
it  was  diflicult  to  raise  poultry,  lambs,  or  pigs." 


486  HISTORY    OF    GKEENE    COUNTY. 


CHAPTER  XXXV. 
CUMBERLAND  TOWNSHIP. 

Boundaries — Fort  Swan  and  Vanmetek — ^Rattle  Snake  Meat — 
John  Swan — ^Watp:red — Wife  Loads  Guns — ^Cakmiuiiaels — 
John  McMillan — Schools. 

CQMBERLAND  TOWNSHIP  was  probably  one  of  the  first  settled 
townships  in  Greene  County.  John  Swan,  as  early  as  1767,  looked 
upon  the  stately  forests  that  encumbered  all  the  valley  of  Pumpkin 
Run  with  an  eye  of  satisfaction,  and  to  _^ive  notice  that  he  had  chosen 
this  location  for  himself  proceeded  to  put  his  mark  upon  it  by  blaz- 
ing the  trees  around  a  goodly  circuit,  a  warning  to  all  intruders  to 
stand  clear  of  this  tract.  This  method  of  marking  a  tract  was  called 
a  tomahawk  improvement,  and  though  it  secured  no  legal  right 
either  from  the  State  or  the  Indians,  yet  it  gave  title  which  it  was 
not  safe  for  a  rival  settler  to  disturb,  and  many  a  bloody  fight  was  the 
result  when  a  daring  pioneer  was  bold  enough  to  intrude  upon  se- 
lected lands  thus  blazed.  In  1768-'69  he  returned  a,nd  made  here  a 
fixed  habitation.  He  was  accompanied  by  Thomas  Hughes  and  Jesse 
Vanineter,  who  united  their  strengths  for  mutual  protection.  As  the 
treacherous  savages  were  stealing  upon  their  victims  by  night  and  by 
day,  and  murdering  and  scalping  those  whom  they  had  perhaps  never 
seen  before,  sparing  neither  age,  sex,  nor  condition,  these  early  pio- 
neers determined  to  provide  for  the  safety  of  their  families,  and  ac- 
cordingly built  a  strong  stockade,  wliich  has  ever  since  been  known 
as  old  Fort  Swan  and  Vanmeter.  It  was  situated  near  the  border  of 
Cumberland  Township,  on  the  spot  where  the  house  of  Andrew  J. 
Young  stands,  and  was  a  noted  rallying  point  in  its  day  for  the  ven- 
turesome pioneers  and  their  families.  This  fort  was  erected  in  the 
years  1770-'71,  John  Swan  was  the  great-grandfather  of  Mrs. 
Young,  whose  home  is  on  this  ground,  originally  inclosed  by  the 
strong  stockade,  and  which  was  hallowed  by  many  sighs  and  tears  of 
the  early  pioneers.  These  were  the  very  earliest  permanent  settle- 
ments within  the  limits  of  Greene  County. 

This  was  one  of  the  original  townships  and  embraced  all  the 
southwestern  portion  of  the  county.  It  possessed  the  most  fertile 
soil  and  most  attractive  natural  scenery  of  any  part  of  this  beautiful 
stretch  of  country  bordering  on  the  Ohio  and  its  tributaries.     The 


'^^ 


k 


c^.^  ^A,  f^^ 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  489 

lariiis  here  are  under  u  high  state  of  cultivation,  the  residences  and 
out-buildings  are  commodious  and  in  good  repair,  and  the  whole 
section  breathes  an  air  of  prosperity,  contentment  and  happiness. 
This  imperial  township  has  been  despoiled,  as  slice  after  slice  has  been 
taken  trom  it  to  form  other  townships,  until  it  is  now  reduced  to 
little  more  than  the  valley  of  Muddy  Creek,  which  is  among  the  best 
improved  parts  of  the  county.  Pumpkin  Run  drains  a  portion  of  it 
on  the  north,  and  little  Whiteley  on  the  south.  It  has  a  goodly 
frontage  upon  the  Monongahela  lliver,  and  is  crossed  by  live  ferries, 
Davidson's  lower  ferry,  Flenniken's,  near  the  mouth  of  Muddy 
Creek,  Brown's,  which  meets  the  road  from  Carmichaels  and  the 
Green  woolen  mills,  Parker's  Landing  and  McCann's  ferry,  a  little 
below  the  mouth  of  the  Little  Whiteley  Creek.  Its  present  limits 
are  formed  by  the  Monongahela  on  the  east,  Jelferson  Township  on 
the  north  and  west,  and  Greene  and  Monongahela  townships  on  the 
south. 

In  the  year  1768  John  Swan,  Jacob  Vanmeter,  Thomas  Hughes 
and  Thomas  Guesse,  came  from  the  neighborhood  of  Redstone  Pork, 
which  seems  to  have  been  the  tirst  stopping  place  of  the  immigrants 
to  this  new  country,  and  charmed  by  the  rich  bottom  lands  along 
Muddy  Creek  settled  in  the  neighborhood  of  Carmichaels,  in  Cum- 
berland Township,  and  opened  the  forest  and  let  in  the  sunliglit  for 
the  lirst  time  in  the  vicinity  of  this  ancient  village,  destined  to  be 
the  seat  of  the  oldest  institution  of  learning  in  Greene  County. 

Mr.  Evans  in  his  thirty-first  article  gives  an  amusing  account  of 
the  origin  of  the  name  of  Muddy  Creek.  On  one  occasion  when 
Swan  and  Hughes.who  were  among  the  first  settlers,were  crossing  this 
stream,  Swan's  horse  stumbled  and  threw  its  rider  into  the  water. 
Gathering  himself  up  and  shaking  the  turbid  water  from  his  gar- 
ments, he  remarked  in  some  temper,  ''  its  a  muddy  little  brook  any- 
how." He  was  often  rallied  upon  this  adventure,  and  the  name 
Muddy  Creek  has  stuck  to  this  stream  ever  since  and  is  likely  to  as 
long  as  it  continues  to  How.  In  1768  these  two  men  brought  their 
families.  Swan  taking  his  negro  slaves,  a  goodly  number,  which  were 
probably  the  first  human  chattels  brought  into  the  county.  Subse- 
quently a  number  of  families  from  Maryland  and  Virginia  brought 
thither  slaves.  Along  with  these  two  came  also  Henry  and  Jacob 
Vanmeter,  with  wagons  and  pack-horses,  altogether  a  train  of  over 
fifty  persons.  They  followed  Braddock's  road  in  the  main.  Henry 
Vanmeter  occupied  the  tract  now  known  as  the  Randolph  settle- 
ment. Old  trees  near  the  house  of  Michael  Price  mark  the  spot 
where  his  first  cabin  stood.  An  Indian  burying  ground  was  on  the 
crest  of  the  high  bluff  overlooking  Pumpkin  Run  upon  the  south. 
Until  the  massacre  by  Logan  and  his  baud,  in  1774,  there  was  no 
trouble  with  the  Indians.    Though  for  safety  it  had  become  necessary  to 


4:90  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

have  a  place  of  refuge,  and  a  fort  was  built  on  John  Swan's  farm, 
known  as  Swan  and  Van  meter's  fort. 

"  My  informant,"  says  Evans,  "  spent  much  of  her  time  in  the 
family  of  her  grandfather,  with  whom  her  great-grandmother,  Mar- 
tha Vanmeter,  lived.  Being  twelve  years  old  when  the  great-grand- 
mother died,  she  has  a  very  distinet  recollection  of  many  incidents 
related  to  her  of  the  early  settlers.  Their  Hour,  salt,  and  ammuni- 
tion, and  all  farming  and  household  utensils  were  transported  on 
pack-horses  from  Cumberland,  Md.  Their  corn  was  ground  on  lumd 
mills.  Granny  Vanmeter  told  of  a  young  girl,  her  niece,  who  was 
captured  by  the  Indians,  and  who,  after  being  carried  many  miles 
away  managed  to  make  her  escape;  that  while  wandering  in  the 
woods  alone  she  subsisted  on  roots  and  wild  berries;  how  when  she 
had  found  a  dead  rattlesnake,  she  cooked  and  ate  it,  and  ever  after- 
wards persisted  in  pronouncing  it  the  sweetest  bit  she  ever  tasted; 
and  how  she  finally  made  her  way  home  and  made  glad  the  hearts  of 
her  friends." 

An  oath  of  allegiance  to  the  State  by  Henry  Vanmeter,  a  war- 
rant to  Charles  Swan  for  a  thousand  acres  of  land  on  the  payment  of 
£400,  a  receipt  for  $1  subscription  to  the  Pittsburg  Gazette^  dated 
July  15,  1795,  to  Charles  Swan,  notification  to  Col.  Charles  Swan, 
dated  1810,  of  the  passage  of  an  act  granting  $2,000  for  Greens- 
burg  Academy,  at  Carmichaels,  provided  that  the  Episcopal  Church, 
of  which  Swan  was  an  active  member,  would  allow  the  use  of  its 
church  edifice,  are  all  given  by  Evans  entire,  copied  from  the  origi- 
nal papers.  The  son  of  John  Swan  emigrated  to  Kentucky  with  his 
family,  and  while  lying  asleep  on  the  craft  that  was  taking  hini  down 
the  Ohio,  with  his  little  daughter  in  his  arms,  was  shot  and  instantly 
killed  by  the  Indians.  "  So  fatal  was  the  shot  that  those  on  the  boat 
were  not  aware  that  anything  serious  had  happened  till  the  little  girl 
exclaimed,  <  Oh,  papa  is  shot,  for  I  feel  his  warm  blood  running  down 
over  me!'  There  was  now  but  one  man,  Hughes,  left  on  the  boat, 
whilst  the  Indians,  several  in  number,  kept  up  a  continuous  fire. 
The  dead  man's  wife  bravely  aided  in  the  defense  of  the  craft  by 
loading  the  guns  and  handing  them  to  Hughes.'' 

Colonel  Charles  Swan  married  Sarah,  daughter  of  Henry  Van- 
meter, who,  as  a  girl  of  ten,  had  ridden  all  the  way  from  Maryland, 
on  horseback,  with  Swan.  He  built  a  cabin  in  1772  near  the  creek 
in  the  Carmichaels  Valley,  now  owned  by  John  Hathaway. 
'Q\  Carmichaels,  a  village  of  some  thousand  inhabitants,  is  situated 
on  Muddy  Creek,  at  nearly  the.  centre  of  the  township.  At  an  early 
day  it  became  the  favored  location  of  (the  County  Academy,  which 
attained  a  well  merited  reputation  for  excellence.  An  Episcopal 
church  was  early  established  here,  and  in  its  place  of  worship  the 
County  Academy  for  many  years  held  its  sessions.    The  New  Frovi- 


HISTORY    OF    GllEENE    COUNTY.  491 

dence  Presbyterian  Church  is  located  near  the  vilhiire.  The  Rev. 
John  McJ\[ilhin  preached  here  as  early  as  August,  1775.  The  Rev. 
John  McGliutuck  commenced  his  ministry  here  in  1838,  and  for  a 
period  of  full  lifty  years  he  has  been  pastor  of  this  flock, — the  semi- 
centennial of  his  settlement  havinc^  recently  been  celebrated, — a 
venerable  service  scarcely  matched  in  the  history  of  churches.  The 
usual  business  and  manufacturing  establishments  are  found  here, 
and  from  its  favored  location  in  the  midst  of  a  ricli  farming  country 
it  is  destined  to  hold  an  important  place  as  the  second  town  in  the 
county.  It  is  about  thirteen  miles  east  of  Waynesburg,  and  four 
from  the  Monongahela  River.  The  ferries  of  Davidson,  Fleniken, 
l>rown,  Parker  and  McCann  connect  the  township  with  Fayette 
County.  By  the  earliest  records  under  the  revised  schopl  law  Cum- 
l)erland  is  shown  to  have  twelve  schools  and  581  pupils.  A  good 
graded  school  has  taken  the  place  of  the  Academy  in  Carmichaels, 
which,  as  an  incorporated  borough,  is  independent  of  the  township, 
having  three  schools  with  120  pupils.  The  report  of  1859  credits 
this  township  with  "  quite  a  number  of  right  minded  school  men." 
The  progress  in  common  school  education  for  the  past  few  years  has 
been  commendable.  The  board  of  directors  for  Carmichaels  for  the 
current  year  is  J.  A.  Gilbert,  President;  L.  B.  Laidley,  Secretary; 
F.  W.  Rodgers,  J.  F.  Gwynn,  James  Clawson  and  Ed.  Stillwell, 
and  for  the  township  A.  J.  Young,  President;  T.  II.  Hawkins, 
Secretary;  G.  W.  Daugherty,  W.  H.  Barclay,  Arch  Grooms,  and 
George  Kerr. 


492  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 


CHAPTEIl  XXXVI. 
DUNKARD   TOWNSHIP. 

Early      Visitants — Dunkakd     Religion — ^Eckeklin     Bkotheks — 
Fate  of    Chkistina    Sycks — Enix — Dogs   Excited — Twenty- 
two  and  a  Half  Years  a   Capt;ve — Satisfied  with  the  Ked 
Men — Dr.  W.  Greene — Martin's  Fort — Attack  on  IIarri 
son's  Fort — Massacre — Schools. 

rPHE  valley  of  Dmikard  Creek,  embracing  the  townships  of  Dun- 
X  kard,  Monongahela  and  Perry,  was  the  earliest  occupied  of  any 
part  of  Greene  County,  and  was  the  scene  of  some  of  the  most  excit- 
ing events  in  its  history.  As  early  as  1754  Wendell  Brown  and  his 
two  sons  and  Frederick  Waltzer  took  up  their  abode  in  this  neigh- 
borhood. At  about  the  same  time  David  Tygart  and  one  Files  got 
a  foothold  in  Tygart's  Valley;  but  the  Files  family  having  fallen  a 
prej^  to  Indian  savagery,  Files  himself  and  the  Tygarts  left  the 
country.  At  about  this  time  Dr.  Thomas  Eckerlin  and  two  brothers 
made  a  Iftdgment  near  the  mouth  of  Dunkard  Creek,  which  took  its 
name  from  the  designation  of  the  religion  they  professed.  Whether 
from  a  desire  to  insure  themselves  greater  safety,  or  a  wish  to  obtain 
better  lands,  they  removed  to  what  have  been  known  as  the  Dunkard 
Bottoms,  on  Cheat  Biver,  West  Virginia.  Tiiey  are  reported  to 
have  applied  to  the  chiefs  of  the  Six  J\ations  in  May,  1771,  at  Logs- 
town,  for  permission  to  settle  on  the  Youghiogheny,  but  were 
refused.  Their  supply  of  ammunition,  and  other  necessaries,  hav- 
ing become  exhausted.  Dr.  Eckerlin,  with  a  stock  of  rich  furs,  went 
to  Winchester  to  barter  them  for  the  articles  which  they  most  needed. 
On  his  way  back  he  stopped  over  night  at  Fort  Pleasant,  where  he 
was  detained  on  suspicion  of  being  a  spy  in  collusion  with  the 
savages.  Asserting  his  innocence  so  strongly,  he  was  permitted  to 
go  under  guard  to  his  home,  on  condition  that  he  would  return  with 
them  if  his  assertions  should  prove  untrue.  To  his  grief  and 
amazement,  on  arriving  at  his  home  he  found  his  cabin  burned,  and 
his  two  brothers  inhumanly  murdered  and  scalped.  His  truthful- 
ness was  acknowledged  by  his  captors,  and,  touched  with  pity,  they 
assisted  at  the  burial.  Thus  ended,  in  sadness,  the  lirst  attempt  at 
permanent  settlement  in  this  valley. 

In  the  year  1760  Conrad  Sycks  emigrated  from  Germany,  and 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  493 

in  process  of  time  made  his  waj  to  what  is  now  Monongahela 
Township,  Greene  County,  and  built  a  cabin  on  Rocky  Run,  some 
two  miles  from  the  mouth  of  Dunkard  Creek,  on  land  now  owned 
by  Mathew  Green  and  Daniel  Sycks.  Here  he  took  to  wife  Miss 
Bonnet,  a  niece  of  the  famous  Indian  lighter,  Lewis  Wetzel,  and 
were  blessed  with  a  family  of  ten  children,  among  them  Ilenry  and 
Christina.  When  Ilenry  had  grown  to  man's  estate,  Enoch  Enix 
lived  a  mile  north  of  the  Syckses.  A  half  mile  westward  was  Leonard 
Garrison.  Lane  Robinson  lived  to  the  south  of  Dunkard  Creek, 
and  the  Selsors,  at  Selsor  Fort.  Swearengen's  Fort  across  the 
Monongahela  was  the  only  real  stronghold  in  the  neighborhood. 
Rumors  of  hostile  savages  in  the  vicinity  induced  Garrison 
to  move  his  family  to  a  place  of  security;  but  as  the  Syckses  were 
to  remain.  Garrison  engaged  Christina  Sycks,  then  a  maiden  of 
ten,  to  milk  his  cows.  One  evening  she  was  reluctant  to  go  to  her 
task,  manifesting  a  presentiment  of  impending  evil;  but  at  the 
prompting  of  her  mother,  bravely  went.  While  driving  the  cows 
homeward  through  the  sugar  grove  she  was  suddenly  overtaken  by 
two  stalwart  savages,  the  one  hideous  in  black  paint,  the  other  red. 
The  one  in  black  hurled  his  tomahawk  at  the  innocent  girl  with 
deadly  aim;  but  something  in  the  countenance  of  the  maiden  touched 
the  heart  of  the  other,  and  at  the  opportune  instant  he  dashed  the 
weapon  aside,  only  cutting  her  tresses,  and  seizing  her  in  his  arms 
bore  her  away  into  captivity. 

Not  returning,  the  household  was  disturbed,  and  when  darkness 
began  to  deepen  and  still  she  did  not  come,  grasping  his  rifle  the 
father  started  for  the  cabin  of  Enix  for  assistance;  but  the  latter 
seemed  unwilling  to  go  until  morning.  The  father,  now  with  dis- 
tracted mind,  started  alone,  when  the  neighbor  relented,  and  mount- 
ing his  horse,  joined  in  the  search.  As  they  approached  the  cabin 
of  Sycks  two  shots  were  fired  by  the  lurking  foe,  and  Enix  tumbled 
from  his  horse  mortally  wounded.  Aroused  by  the  shots,  the  son, 
Ilenry,  and  a  companion,  George  Selsor,  who  were  in  the  cabin,  were 
eager  to  rush  out,  but  were  held  back  by  the  mother,  and  the  father 
returning,  on  the  following  morning  the  entire  family  set  out  for 
the  strong  fort  across  the  Monongahela.  In  their  consternation  a 
sleeping  infant  was  forgotten;  but  the  boys  turning  back  soon 
brought  off  the  treasure.  Again  these  boys  returned  to  reconnoitre 
and  warn  the  settlers.  At  Robinson's  the  wife  with  an  infant  was 
prevailed  on  to  escape  to  the  fort,  which  she  did,  and  was  saved, 
But  Robinson  could  not  be  persuaded  to  abandon  his  home.  At 
Fort  Selsor,  where  a  number  of  the  settlers  had  gathered,  it  was 
determined  to  leave  all  and  escape  across  the  river  to  Fort  Swear- 
ingen.  On  the  way  the  dogs  became  terribly  excited,  and  soon 
started  an  Indian  from   his  covert,  who  dashed  away;  but  trippino-, 


494  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

fell.  The  dogs  were  upon  him,  but  could  not  be  induced  to  grapple 
him,  and  he  finally  made  his  escape,  the  party  reaching  the  fort  with- 
out casuality.  On  returning  to  the  scene  of  the  massacre  Enix  was 
found,  scalped,  and  in  a  dying  condition.  Robinson  was  found  mur- 
dered and  scalped,  and  his  body  stripped  naked.  Even  the  hoop 
was  picked  upon  which  the  scalp  of  Enix  had  been  stretched  to  dry. 

The  captive  maiden,  Christina,  was  hurried  onward,  and  when 
tired  out  her  captor  would  carry  her  on  his  shoulders.  A  piece  of  a 
gray  colt's  leg  was  given  her  to  eat,  which  she  pretended  to  do;  but 
she  could  not  bring  herself  to  swallow  the  unsavory  dish.  For  their 
next  meal  a  lusty  warrior  brought  in  a  large  fat  hog,  which  he  had 
slit  open,  and  placing  himself  within  the  beast,  marched  in,  with  its 
head  surmounting  his  own,  and  the  sides  of  the  hog  completely 
enveloping  him.  The  style  of  butchering  and  cooking  was  still  not 
sufficiently  appetizing  to  tempt  her  to  partake.  But  on  the  third 
day  they  brought  her  a  nice  piece  of  well  cooked  wild  turkey,  and 
this  she  devoured  with  a  relish.  For  twenty -two  years  and  six 
months  she, was  a  captive,  when,  in  obedience  to  treaty  engagements, 
she  was  released  at  Detroit  and  returned.  Having  lived  so  long 
with  the  savages,  she  could  with  difficulty  be  brought  back  to 
civilized  customs,  being  satisfied  with  her  life  with  the  red  men,  and 
ever  ready  to  defend  them  when  abused.  She  lived  to  a  good  old 
age,  and  was  buried  near  Clarksburg,  West  Virginia.  Captain 
Enoch  Enix,  who  died  a  few  years  since,  near  Mount  Morris,  was 
the  babe  of  four  weeks  left  with  tlie  mother  on  the  fatal  night  when 
the  father  was  murdered.  The  only  son  of  Leonard  Garrison  mar- 
ried Mary  Sycks,  the  babe  which  was  left  sleeping  in  the  cradle  at 
the  time  of  the  flight  of  the  family,  but  was  rescued  by  its  brother 
Henry,  who  subsequently  married  Barbary  Selser,  M'ho  had  been  one 
of  the  escaping  party  when  the  dogs  started  the  lone  Indian.  She 
bore  him  twelve  children,  and  by  a  second  wife  he  had  twelve  more. 
Daniel  Sycks,  the  latest  surviving  child,  through  a  nephew.  Dr.  W. 
Green,  of  New  Geneva,  has  detailed  the  above  facts  which  Mr.  L. 
K.  Evans  has  recorded  with  particularity  in  his  fourth  Centennial 
article. 

Near  the  intersection  of  the  Morgan  town  State  road  and  Crooked 
Run,  just  across  the  Virginia  line,  Martin's  Fort  was  located  in  the 
immediate  vicinity  of  the  present  site  of  Martin's  Church.  It  was 
in  the  midst  of  a  table  land  of  several  thousand  acres.  This  is  prob- 
ably one  of  the  earliest  tracts  settled  in  this  part  of  the  Mononga- 
hela  country.  Being  in  the  midst  of  a  considerable  population,  when 
the  Indians  became  troublesome,  it  was  probably  thought  necessary 
to  build  this  fort  for  mutual  protection.  Lying  near  one  of  the  great 
Indian  war-paths,  the  settlement  was  particularly  exposed  to  savage 
depredations.       One  morning  in  June,  1779,  whilst  the  women  were 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  495 

engaged  in  milking  the  cows,  and  the  men  were  weeding  the  garden 
patch,  and  preparing  to  go  to  their  days  work,  all  unsuspicious  of 
danger,  thirteen  burly  Indians,  who  had  been  lying  in  ambush, 
suddenly  burst  upon  the  settlers,  bewildered  and  helpless,  and  merciless- 
ly slaughtering  James  Stuart,  James  Smalley  and  Peter  Grouse,  and 
took  captive  John  Shriver  and  his  wife,  two  sons  of  Stuart,  two  sons  of 
Smalley  and  a  son  of  Grouse. 

Lurking  about  the  fort  till  night-fall,  they  shut  up  their  captives 
in  a  neighboring  cabin,  and  placing  two  of  their  number  on  guard, 
the  remainder  returned  for  the  purpose  of  eft'ecting  a  lodgment  in  the 
fort.  But  the  settlers  had  now  strengthened  their  defences,  and  the 
savages  despairing  of  making  further  captures,  disappeared  with 
their  victims.  It  is  reported  that  the  lirst  grave  ever  made  in 
Martin's  graveyard  was  for  the  body  of  an  Indian,  killed  in  the 
neicrhborhood  of  the  fort.  There  is  a  tradition  that  the  Indians  were 
accustomed  to  torture  their  captives,  and  the  stump  of  a  hickory 
tree  is  still  visible  here  to  which  they  lashed  their  victims  in  order  to 
practice  upon  them  their  devilish  arts. 

Harrison's  Fort  was  also  located  on  Crooked  Hun  on  land  now 
owned  by  Josiah  Ross,  in  this  general  neighborhood.  This  was 
probably  a  minor  stockade  for  a  single  family,  or  a  few  neighbors, 
and  was  not  a  common  rendezvous,  as  was  Martin's  Fort.  At  the 
time  of  a  general  alarm,  in  1782,  when  the  neighbors  had  gathered  at 
the  fort,  Thomas  Pindall  came  in,  and  induced  three  young  men, 
Harrison,  Crawford  and  Wright  to  accompany  him  to  his  cabin, 
alleging  that  there  was  no  danger.  In  the  night  the  females  in  the 
family  awakened  Mr.  Pindall,  saying  that  they  were  sure  they  heard 
a  whistle,  as  of  an  Indian  upon  a  charger.  Pindall  endeavored  to 
allay  their  excitement,  and  all  remained  quiet  until  morning.  In 
the  morning  while  Pindall  had  gone  out  to  catch  his  horse,  and  the 
three  young  men  were  at  the  spring,  a  volley  was  tired  by  lurking 
savages,  and  two  of  the  young  men,  Crawford  and  Wright,  fell  dead. 
The  women,  terrified  by  the  report  of  fire-arms,  sprang  out  of  bed 
and  ran  wildly  for  the  fort,  but  Mrs.  Pindall  was  overtaken,  slain  and 
scalped.  The  others,  Mrs.  Rachael  Pindall  and  the  young  man  Har- 
rison, made  good  their  escape  to  the  fort. 

Dunkard  Township  in  its  present  reduced  territory,  is  situated  in 
the  southeast  corner  of  the  county,  and  is  bounded  on  the  north  by 
Greene  and  Monongahela  Townships;  on  the  east  by  Monongahela 
Township,  and  the  Monongahela  River,  which  separates  it  from  Fay- 
ette County;  on  the  south  by  Mason  and  Dixon's  line,  which  sepa- 
rates it  from  AVest  Virginia,  and  on  the  west  by  Perry  and  Whiteley 
Townships.  The  surface  is  greatly  rolling,  the  soil  fertile,  and  under 
a  good  state  of  cultivation.  Dunkard  Creek  and  its  tributaries,  and 
the  Monongahela  River  drain  its  surface  and   furnish   ample  means 


496  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

of  waterpower  and  navigation.  From  its  being  early  settled  tlie 
country  presents  the  appearance  of  greater  cultivation  than  many 
other  parts  of  the  county,  the  meadows  are  smooth  and  carefully 
seeded,  the  houses  and  outbuildings  in  good  state  of  repair,  and  the 
highways  kept  in  excellent  condition.  The  best  breeds  of  cattle, 
horses,  sheep  and  swine,  are  reared  in  great  numbers,  and  abundant 
crops  of  corn,  wheat  rye  and  oats  reward  the  hand  of  the  diligent. 
Davistown,  in  the  north  central  portion  of  the  township,  is  a  thriving 
village,  and  being  located  in  the  midst  of  a  rich  farming  population 
is  likely  to  become  a  place  of  considerable  importance.  Taylortown, 
or  Fairview,  situated  on  J3unkard  Creek  in  the  southwestern  part  of 
the  township,  is  likewise  in  the  midst  of  an  excellent  farming  country 
and  bids  fair  to  make  substantial  growth.  The  post-office  here  is 
known  as  Dunkard.  It  has  intercourse  with  Fayette  County  by  Dil- 
liner's  upper  and  lower  ferries.  The  township  is  credited  in  the 
earliest  report  under  the  revised  school  law  with  eight  schools  and 
360  pupils.  The  school  directors  for  the  current  year  are:  Isaac 
Vanvoorhis,  President;  E.  S.  Taylor,  Secretary;  W.  Knotts,  John 
Caigy,  David  Donle}'',  Eli  Russell. 


CHAPTER  XXXVII. 
FRANKLIN  TOWNSHIP. 


Central  Location — Surface — Sugar  Maple — Drainage — Waynes- 
burg — Cemetery — Robert  Wtiiteuill — -Court  House — Site 
Purchased — Original  Settlers — Jackson's  Fort — How  Ar- 
ranged— Story  of  Jackson — Slater  Friendly  with  Indians — 
Fate  of  Mathew  Gray — Notes  of  Robert  Morris — Three 
Brothers  Rinehart — ^Brown  Massacre — Schools — Directors. 

FRANKLIN  TOWNSHIP,  from  the  fact  that  the  county  seat  is 
comprised  within  its  limits,  and  that  it  holds  a  central  location  in 
the  county,  possesses  an  importance  beyond  that  of  any  of  the  others. 
Franklin  was  organized  as  a  township  in  1787,  by  act  of  the  Supreme 
Executive  council  with  less  circumscribed  boundaries  than  at  present. 
It  is  now  limited  as  foUoM's:  on  the  north  by  Washington,  on  the  east 
l)y  Morgan  Jefferson  and  Whiteley,  on  the  south  by  Whiteley  and 
Wayne,  and  on  tlie  west  l)y  Centre.      It  bears  the  name  of  one  of  the 


History  of  greene  county.  497 

early  patriots,  more  honored  in  foreign  lands  tliaii  any  other  Amer- 
ican citizen.  Its  surface  is  diversified  by  hill  and  dale,  and,  thouo-h 
the  hills  rise  to  an  elevation  which  may  with  some  propriety  be 
termed  mountains,  the  soil  is  everywhere  productive,  copious  foun- 
tains bursting  forth  on  every  hand,  even  to  the  loftiest  summits. 
Oriorinally  the  sugar  maple  made  luxurious  growth  here,  but,  as  in 
nearly  every  other  part  of  the  county,  the  groves  of  these  trees  have 
been  swept  away,  and  thus  a  source  of  great  profit  to  the  husbandman 
has  been  cut  oft".     The  hay  crop  in  this  township  is  very  abundant, 

Franklin  is  princijially  drained  by  South  Ten  Mile  Creek  and  its 
tributaries.  Smith  creek  drains  all  the  south  western  section  even 
to  its  farthest  limits.  A  marked  peculiarity  of  the  highways  is  that 
they  almost  exclusively  run  from  north  to  south,  following  the  val- 
leys, the  few  connecting  roads  from  east  to  west  forming  the  ex- 
ception. Tlie  farms  in  this  township  are  in  a  high  state  of  culti- 
vation, and  exhibit  evidences  of  careful  and  intellio-ent  tillage.  The 
farm  houses  are  commodious,  and  those  recently  built,  exhibit  evi- 
dences of  tasteful  architecture.  Many  of  the  barns  are  models,  and 
admirably  planned  to  meet  the  requirements  of  the  husbandman. 
"Waynesburg,  the  county  seat,  a  place  of  some  3,400  inhabitants,  with 
Perryville  and  Morrisville  a  little  to  the  east  and  lower  down  the 
stream,  are  the  only  places  of  importance.  The  Washington  and 
Waynesburg  railroad  inters  the  township  by  the  Ten  Mile  Creek 
valley.  On  a  commanding  eminence  to  the  north  of  the  town  a 
beautiful  cemetery  has  been  laid  out  and  planted  with  evergreens 
aTid  shrubs,  and  to  it  many  who  had  been  buried  in  the  old  bury- 
ground  to  the  east  of  the  town,  and  from  a  burying  place  on  the 
public  common,  have  been  removed.  In  the  latter  place  llobert 
Whitehill,  one  of  the  earliest  lawyers  in  the  county,  and  his  son 
were  buried.  Their  graves  were  not  marked,  and  in  time  all  recol- 
lection of  the  place  where  they  were  interred  was  lost,  so  that  the 
grave  of  him  who  in  life  was  one  of  the  profoundest  lawyers,  and 
brightest  ornaments  of  the  Waynesburg  bar,  is  unknown.  Further 
to  the  west  upon  a  more  commanding  elevation  is  the  reservoir  of 
the  water  works,  which  supplies  the  town  with  watei',  which  is 
pumped  from  the  creek.  The  original  court  house  was  of  logs,  and 
was  occupied  for  four  years.  The  brick  structure  was  built  in  1800 
and  stood  just  fifty  years.  The  present  structure  was  built  in  1850, 
and  the  addition,  of  a  more  modern  style  of  architecture,  has  but 
recently  been  made. 

Thomas  Slater,  from  M'liom,  as  we  have  seen,  the  present  site  of 
Waynesburg  was  purchased,  got  the  land,  a  400  acre  tract,  origin- 
ally from  a  party  who  had  made  some  "  tomahawk  improvement  " 
on  it,  by  the  payment  of  "one  2-year  old  heifer  calf,  one  flint-lock 
rifle,  and  some  other  trifling  articles,  which  the  fellow  carried  away 

25 


498  HISTORY    OF    GREENE   COUNTY. 

with  liim."  On  this  tract  Slater  proceeded  to  build  his  cabin, 
"on  a  knoll  just  above  the  Smith  Creek  road,  and  a  little  southeast 
of  Thomas  W.  Sayers  old  barn,  which  stands  directly  east  of  William 
Johnson's  new  l)rick  residence  in  the  Sayers'  addition  to  the  borough." 
One  Jones  occupied  the  Jesse  Hook  property,  just  east  of  town,  and 
Hathway's  mill  stood  near  the  site  of  Hook's  distillery.  William 
Brown  owned  the  tract  familiarly  known  as  the  Jenning's  property, 
since  owned  by  J.  A.  J.  Buchanan,  and  on  which  was  a  mill  in  the 
early  days.  "An  ill-fated  family  by  the  name  of  McClelland  lived 
at  the  mouth  of  the  ravine  just  below  the  double  bridge.  The 
Archer  family  resided  in  the  vicinity  of  Dotysburg.  Uriah  White 
first  settled  somewhere  between  the  mouths  of  the  two  AVhiteley 
creeks  to  which  he  gave  his  name  and  afterwards  occupied  the  Gor- 
don Rich  Hills,  on  the  divide  between  the  Ten  Mile  slope  and  the 
head  waters  of  Big  Whiteley  creek.  In  like  manner,  Tliomas  Smith 
perpetuated  his  name  to  all  succeeding  generations  by  lending  it  to 
the  then  poverty  stricken  stream  which  now  bears  it.  William 
Inghram  possessed  himself  of  Laurel  Bun  from  the  camp  ground  to 
the  Bich  Hills,  and  erected  his  cabin  on  the  Hiram  Kent  farm. 
Simon  Thomas  and  Samuel  Rinehart  acquired  lands  on  Coal  Lick 
Run,  including  the  Poor  House  farm.  Thomas  Smith,  Thomas  Kent, 
Arthur  Inghram,  James  Borter,  and  liilly  Latferty  raised  a  crop  of 
corn  on  the  farms  owned  by  Uriah  and  Josiah  Inghram,  on  Smith 
Creek,  before  the  outbreak  of  the  Revolutionary  war." 

As  we  have  previously  seen  the  massacre  of  the  Spicer  family  by 
the  band  led  by  the  infuriated  Logan,  brought  to  the  relief  of  the 
settlers,  the  company  of  C'aptain  McClure,  and  his  forty  men,  said 
to  be  on  their  way  to  join  Connoly  in  1774,  and  who  came  up  with 
the  Indians  on  tiie  Reese  farm,  about  one  mile  and  a  quarter  west 
of  Waynesburg,  when  a  sanguinary  skirmish  ensued,  known  as  tlie 
battle  of  Ten  Mile  Creek,  in  which  the  leader,  Captain  Francis 
McClure,  and  James  Flenniken,  a  brother  of  Judge  John  Flenniken, 
were  killed,  and  Lieutenant  Samuel  Kincaid  was  severely  wounded. 
The  Indians  were  but  few  in  number,  variously  reported  from  four 
to  eight;  but,  by  the  cunning  so  common  to  their  savage  instincts, 
they  lured  the  soldiers  to  their  destruction,  and  then  skulked  and 
escaped  though  the  thickets  of  the  forest,  which  were  familiar 
to  them  as  the  streets  of  a  city  to  men  who  inhabit  it.  "After 
crossing  the  creek  at  the  site  of  the  Ely  bridge,"  says  Evans,  "  the 
trail  passed  up  the  deep  gulch  past  where  W.  B.  Beese  now  resides, 
and  about  the  route  of  the  old  road,  and  whilst  toiling  up  the  steep 
ascent  to  the  table  land  beyond,  I  imagine  the  Indians  who  were 
concealed  on  the  top  of  the  hill,  amid  the  thick  forest  and  foliage 
that  then  prevailed,  attacked  them  with  the  result  already  set 
forth." 


HISTORY    OF    GREEKE    COUNTY.  490 

Admonished,  bj  this  sanguinary  ati'ray,  precautions  were  taken 
to  prepare  a  place  of  safety  to  which  the  scattered  settlers  could 
betake  themselves  on  the  intimations  of  danger.  Jackson's  fort  was 
commenced  in  the  same  year,  177-4,  on  the  Jesse  Hook  property, 
then  owned  by  a  man  by  the  name  of  Jackson.  His  cabin,  which 
was  the  nucleous  of  the  fort,  stood  near  the  bluil"  of  the  creek, 
directly  south  of  Hook's  town.  Kemains  of  the  structure  are  still 
visible.  At  first  it  was  but  a  single  cabin,  but  subsequently  con- 
sisted of  a  regular  system  of  cabins,  arranoed  in  the  form  of  a 
hollow  square,  and  enclosed  an  acre  or  more  of  ground.  Between 
the  cabins  were  palisades  ten  or  twelve  feet  high,  supplied  with 
port  holes.  Each  of  the  neighboring  settlers  owned  one  of  these 
cabins,  to  which  he  could  liee  for  refuge  in  times  of  danger,  in  ad- 
dition to  the  home  on  his  own  tract  of  land.  The  doors  of  these 
cabins  opened  within  the  inclosure,  the  outside  having  neither 
windows  nor  doors,  except  some  look-out  in  the  upper  part  of 
each.  There  was  but  one  entrance,  and  when  once  withii],  each 
family  controlled  its  own  cabin,  the  inclosed  square  being  common  to 
all.  "  Such  is  a  very  brief  description  "  says  Evans,  "of  an  institu- 
tion once  regarded  the  hope  and  salvation  of  its  people.  Around 
this  devoted  spot  cluster  a  myriad  of  reminiscences,  which,  if  they 
could  be  intelligently  unravelled,  and  woven  into  narrative,  would 
make  volumes  of  interesting  matter.  The  traditions  of  Jackson's 
Fort  are  exceedingly  numerous,  but  are  very  vague,  contradictory, 
and  unsatisfactory."  As  an  example,  the  story  runs  that  Jackson 
was  once  out  beyond  the  site  of  Jonas  Ely's  stone  house,  (Buchanan) 
when  he  discovered  a  party  of  Indians  coming  down  the  Indian  trail. 
They  were  almost  upon  him  before  he  saw  them.  Being  unarmed, 
and  seeing  no  possibility  of  escape,  he  seized  a  club  and  brandish- 
ing it  above  his  head,  cried  out,  "Hurry  up  boys!  Here  they  are! 
Come  quick  and  we'll  have  them!''  when  the  savages  thinking  they 
were  about  to  be  attacked,  took  to  their  heels  and  soon  disappeared 
in  the  ample  folds  of  the  forest. 

Thomas  Slater,  in  the  early  years  of  his  settlement  here,  was  on 
terms  of  intimacy  with  the  Indians,  and  was  accustomed  to  re- 
ceive and  entertain  them  in  the  most  friendly  manner,  pitching 
quoits,  running,  leaping,  shooting  at  mark  with  them.  But  when 
the  massacres  became  frequent,  he  in  common  with  his  neighbors, 
was  accustomed  to  flee,  on  the  approach  of  savages,  to  the  friendly 
folds  of  the  fort.  On  one  occasion  when  the  intimation  of  lurking 
savages  was  received  he  fled  hastily  for  the  fort;  but  recollecting 
when  near  the  spring  on  Mrs.  D.  Owens'  lot  that  he  had  left  his 
gun,  he  called  to  his  girls  Sallie  and  Nellie,  from  ten  to  fifteen  years 
old,  to  run  back  for  it.  The  gun  was  secured  and  brought  ofl"  with 
the  fleetness  of  the   wind,  and  one  tradition  says  they  were  greeted 


500  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

with  a  flight  of  arrows  from  the  heights  of  DuvaU's  HilL  One  of 
those  girls  has  been  known  to  say  that  it  seemed  to  her  that  she 
not  only  ran  but  that  she  flew.  Sarah  Slater  married  Israel  White, 
on  the  occasion  of  one  of  these  Indian  scares,  when  the  families  of 
all  the  surrounding  country  were  assembled,  who  seized  the  occasion 
of  fright  for  a  genuine  merry-making.  The  Rev.  David  White 
of  Oak  Forest,  was  one  of  the  numerous  issue  of  this  marriage. 
Nellie  Slater,  the  other  daughter,  mentioned  above,  married  a  Mr. 
Pipes,  and  was  the  mother  of  James  Pipes,  a  former  justice  of 
the  peace  of  Franklin  Township.  Isaac  Slater  inherited  his  father's 
estate  and  married  Mary  Workman,  who  survived  her  husband  and 
lived  to  an  advanced  age  in  AVaynesburg. 

On  the  occasion  of  one  of  these  general  alarms,  when  the  families 
for  a  long  circuit  had  gathered  in,  Matthew  Gray,  brother  of  Judge 
David  Oray,  who  lived  on  the  creek  some  three  miles  west  of  the 
fort,  determined  to  venture  out  to  see  if  his  house  still  stood,  and  to 
feed  and  water  his  stock.  Having  gone  early  in  the  morning,  and 
not  returning  at  night,  his  brother  David  leaped  upon  a  colt  and 
started  in  search  of  him.  On  arriving  upon  the  rising  ground 
beyond  the  creek,  above  William  Keese's  residence,  he  was  horrified 
to  behold  the  body  of  his  brother  lying  dead  in  the  path,  stripped  of 
his  clothing,  scalped  and  mutilated,  and  stifl'  with  cold,  it  being 
winter  time  and  the  earth  covered  with  snow.  Lifting  the  body  upon 
the  colt,  he  mounted,  and  thus  carried  it  back  to  the  fort,  where  it 
was  given  decent  burial. 

Kobert  Morris  says,  that  Mr.  J.  A.  Gray,  of  Ten-Mile,  Washing- 
ton County,  who  is  a  grandson  of  Matthew  Gray,  writes  him  that  his 
grandmother  told  him  that  Matthew  had  been  to  his  farm  at  the 
brick  tavern  in  1780,  or  early  in  1781,  and  while  returning  to  the 
fort  he  was  shot  through  the  knee  and  his  horse  killed,  that  he 
hobbled  on  one  leg  forty  or  fifty  yards  west  of  li.  Seales',  where  he 
was  overtaken,  killed,  and  his  body  was  terribly  mutilated.  His  wife 
and  two  sons — William,  four  years  old,  and  another  ten  months  old 
— were  in  the  fort.  William  could  i-emember  seeing  his  father 
brought  in,  dead.  He  was  born  in  the  fort  on  the  20th  of  September, 
1776.  His  mother  lived  with  him  in  Richhill  Township,  and  died 
on  the  20th  of  September,  1837,  in  her  eighty-first  year.  She  gave 
her  grandson  a  small  iron  pot.  which  she  used  in  the  fort,  which  he 
still  keeps  and  prizes.  William  died  in  1854,  and  was  about  seventy- 
eight  years  old.     Matthew  Gray,  Jr.,  died  in  Ohio. 

Cotemporary  with  the  Grays  were  Joseph  and  James  Seals.  The 
latter  lived  near  the  site  of  the  toll-gate,  west  of  the  town,  and  built 
the  old  stone  house  still  standing.  He  was  one  of  the  commissioners 
for  locating  the  county  seat,  was  appointed  "wood  ranger,"  served 
as  Captain  of  volunteers,  and  was  for  a  time  stationed  at  Ryerson's 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  501 

fort.     lie  served  with  Wayne   in   his   lieroic  campaign  against  the 
Indians. 

"  Three  brothers,  Simon,  Thomas  and  John  Rinehart,  Germans, 
fresli  from  the  Rhine  Valley  of  Faderland,  occupied  the  Coal  Lick 
Rnn  region,  and  held  it  by  priority  of  right.  They  seemed  to  be  on 
the  very  verge  of  the  settlement,  Jackson  fort  being  the  grand  center, 
John,  who  was  the  father  of  the  well  known  John  T.  Rinehart,  now- 
deceased,  occupied  the  farm  above  the  Poor-House  farm,  now  owmed 
by  J.  A.  J,  Buchanan,  Esq,  At  a  time  when  John  T.  was  but  a  little 
babe,  his  father  was  lured  away  from  his  cabin  by  what  he  took  to  be 
the  bawl  of  a  calf,  and  was  killed  and  scalped  by  prowling  savages. 
At  a  time  when  an  alarm  of  Indians  sent  the  Rineharts  with  hurried 
feet  flying  towards  the  fort,  one  of  them,  a  young  man  who  lived  on 
the  Jenny  Rinehart  property,  a  little  way  above  Mr.  lUichanan's, 
after  proceeding  some  distance,  remembered  that  his  cattle  were 
penned  up  in  the  cow-yard.  Reflecting  that  it  might  be  some  days 
before  they  could  venture  back  to  their  homes,  and  considering  that 
if  the  cattle  should  be  fortunate  enough  to  escape  the  rapine  of  the 
savages  they  would  perish  for  lack  of  sustenance,  he  determined  to 
return  and  let  them  out,  lie  did  so,  but  that  young  man  never  again 
w^as  heard  of  by  his  friends.  Blood-stains  and  some  locks  of  auburn 
hair  corresponding  to  his,  and  other  evidences  of  a  death  struggle 
were  discovered  near  the  site  of  the  cattle-pen,  but  no  other  vestiges 
of  his  remains  could  ever  be  found,  though  the  most  thorough  searcii 
was  instituted.  The  theory  was  that  he  was  murdered  and  his  body 
so  effectually  disposed  of  as  to  baffle  all  efforts  to  reclaim  it, 

'"Simon  Rinehart  owned  the  lands  well  known  as  the  'Peggy  Por- 
ter' and  the  'AYhitlatch'  farms,  and  AVilliani  Brown  owned  the 
Jennings,  more  recently  known  as  the  Ely  farm,  west  of  town,  now 
owned  by  Mr.  Buchanan.  In  the  spring  of  1779  these  two  men 
traded  situations,  and  in  the  month  of  April  w^ere  actually  engaged 
in  moving,  when  they  M'ere  attacked  by  Indians  and  both  killed. 
After  this  the  contract  M-as  annulled,  so  that  none  of  the  older  Rine- 
harts ever  acquired  any  possessions  west  of  the  fort, 

"  William  Brown  and  his  son  Vincent,  then  an  athletic  young  man, 
had  proceeded  with  a  sled-load  of  their  household  goods  as  far  down 
as  the  site  of  the  old  graveyard  at  the  new  brick  church  in  Morris- 
ville,  where,  meeting  some  friends,  they  stopped  to  chat.  Whilst 
thus  engaged  they  were  tired  upon  by  Indians  who  were  lying  in  am- 
bush hard  by.  William  Brown  and  two  others  fell  dead  on  the  spot, 
but  Vincent,  not  being  hurt,  ran  like  a  deer,  hotly  pursued  by  one  or 
more  of  the  fleetest  savages.  He  was  so  hemmed  in  by  the  assail- 
ants as  to  be  compelled  to  shape  his  course  in  the  direction  of  a  per- 
pendicular precipice  of  about  twenty  feet  on  the  brink  of  Ten-Mile 
Creek,  just  in  the  rear  of  the  village.     There  was  no  alternative  but 


502  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

to  fall  into  the  hands  of  the  infuriated  savages  or  make  the  fearful 
plunge  over  the  cliff  into  the  waters  below.  It  was  no  time  for  in- 
decision, and  withont  hesitation  lie  took  the  flying  leap  and  lit  in  the 
middle  of  the  stream,  many  feet  from  the  base  of  the  clifl-'.  The  In- 
dians pansed,  awe-stricken  and  overwhelmed  with  astonishment;  and 
while  they  gazed  with  bewilderment  and  contemplated  the  wonder- 
ful feat.  Brown  emerged  from  the  water  nnhnrt  and  nndaunted,  and 
continued  his  flight  across  the  bottom  land  beyond.  Ere  his  pnr- 
sners  recovered  from  their  amazement  he  had  so  lengthened  the 
distance  between  him  and  them  that  they  gave  np  the  chase. 

"  A  short  distance  below  the'old  saw-mill  on  Lanrel  Rnn,  between 
Morrisville  and  the  Camp  Ground,  still  stands  a  tree- with  its  trunk 
inclined  and  peculiarly  curved  across  the  stream.  By  this  the  original 
pathway  led.  On  this  an  Indian  lay  concealed,  waiting  for  the  ap- 
proach of  Simon  Rinehart,  who  was  known  to  be  coming  with  some 
of  his  household  effects,  transferring  them  to  his  newly  acquired 
home.  The  skulking  assassin  liad  not  long  to  wait  till  his  victim 
appeared,  and  taking  delil)erate  aim  he  sliattered  his  arm.  Rinehart 
beat  a  hasty  retreat  and  endeavored  tlius  to  escape;  but  becoming 
faint  from  loss  of  blood,  was  overtaken  near  his  home,  and  toma- 
hawked and  scalped.  In  the  meantime  Matthew  Brown,  a  lad  of 
about  seventeen  years,  who  was  riding  along  on  liorseback,  carrying 
a  load  of  stuff,  and  had  fortunately  loitered  some  distance  behind  his 
father's  sled,  upon  seeing  the  Indians  attack  the  movers,  dashed  down 
his  load  and  rode  at  the  top  of  his  speed  to  the  fort;  but  was  so  over- 
come with  fright  and  horror  that  he  could  give  no  intelligible  in- 
formation, and  his  mother.  Molly  Brown,  bled  him  in  the  arm  with 
a  penknife,  'to  bring  him  to,'  as  she  said.  It  seems  that  all  the 
women  and  children  had  been  gathered  into  the  fort,  but  most  of  the 
men  were  at  their  farms,  preparing  ground  for  corn  and  potatoes. 
All  the  men  in  the  fort,  except  two  old  men,  immediately  armed  and 
started  for  the  scene  of  conflict;  but  when  they  arrived  the  Indians 
had  departed  with  their  scalps  and  plunder.  The  scene  at  the  fort 
had  now  assumed  a  comical  as  well  as  tragical  aspect.  The  two  old 
men  left  in  charge  of  the  women  and  children  were  Thomas  Slater 
and  a  man  named  Clifford.  They  liad  but  one  gun.  Clifford  shoul- 
dered the  gun,  and  Slater  secured  the  wiping-stick.  The  women  be- 
came terribly  excited,  and  cried  and  screamed  at  a  fearful  rate.  Grow- 
ing desperate  and  impatient,  they  would  unbar  the  gate  and  rush 
out,  whilst  Slater,  who  was  a  very  hasty  man,  would  run  after  them, 
and,  brandishing  his  wiping-stick,  would  command  them  to  return, 
and  remonstrate  with  them  that  the  Indians  would  pounce  upon  them 
and  murder  the  whole  batch  of  them.  Thus  by  dint  of  almost  super- 
human effort  he  would  prevail  on  them  to  return;  but  no  sooner 
would  he  turn  liis  back  upon  the  gate  till  it  would  be  again  thrown 


HISTORY    OF    GUEENE    COUNTY.  503 

open,  and  the  distracted  crowd  riisli  recklessly  out;  and  thus  the  ex- 
citement continued  till  the  scouting  party  came  in  with  the  four  dead 
men,  when  the  scene  became  frantic,  beggaring  all  attempts  at  de- 
scription. We  can  but  faintly  imagine  how  frightfully  heart-rending 
must  have  been  the  spectacle.  Barnet  Rinehart,  who  was  father  of 
our  fellow-townsman,  Simon  Kinehart,  Sr.,  and  of  Judge  James 
Kinehart,  of  Oscaloosa,  Iowa,  and  who  was  one  of  Greene  County's 
early  sherili's,  was  then  a  little  boy,  but  he  maintained  a  very  vivid 
recollection  of  seeing  his  dead  father  brought  into  the  fort,  dangling 
across  the  bare  back  of  a  horse." 

As  a  quite  extensive  notice  of  the  town  of  Waynesbnrg  was  given 
in  connection  with  the  organization  of  the  county,  it  is  unnecessary 
to  give  a  more  extended  notice  here.  The  schools  of  Franklin  Town- 
ship have  always  maintained  a  high  standard.  By  the  earliest  report 
the  township  is  credited  with  eleven  schools,  with  452  pupils.  In 
the  report  of  1859  it  is  reported  as  having  ''Consideral)le  wealth  and 
some  enterprising  citizens;  one  very  good  school,  one  good  school, 
the  rest  of  the  third  class."  Great  improvement  has  been  made  in 
the  thirty  years  that  have  elapsed,  and  it  now  holds  a  higlily  credit- 
able rank.  The  present  board  of  school  directors  is  as  follows:  John 
Lapping,  President;  Jonas  Ely,  Secretary;  T.  J.  Morris,  George  Tay- 
lor, Daniel  Pratt  and  Inghram  Cummins.  The  board  of  Waynes- 
burg  is  constituted  as  follows:  H.  A.  Rinehart,  J.  E.  Sayers,  W.  W. 
Patterson,  A.  C.  Smalley,  P.  A.  Knox  and  W.  II.  Barb. 


CHAPTER  XXXYIII. 
GILMORE     TOWNSHIP. 


Titles  to  Land — Boundakies — Well  Watered — Fertile — Jolley- 
TOWN — Conditions  of  Sale — Mason  and  Dixon  Monuisient 
Schools — Dr.     Smitu's  Building  the  Cabin. 

THIS  township,  like  all  the  southeastern  section  of  the  county,  was 
largely  settled  by  pioneers  from  Maryland  and  Virginia,  with  the 
belief  that  all  the  territory  west  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains  was 
under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  latter  State.  It  was  a  claim  with  a  very 
indulinite  boundary,  stretching  away  to  the  northwest,  ev^en  to  the 
frozen  ocean.     As  the  limits  of  l*ennsylvania  were  for  a  long  time 


504  HISTOEY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

undefined,  most  of  the  territory  embraced  in  this  township  was  ac- 
quired and  titles  perfected  under  Virjj^inia  courts  as  it  was  held  under 
Jurisdiction  of  Oliio  County — one  of  the  counties  of  Virginia  from 
1768  till  the  boundary  line  known  as  IMason  and  Dixon's  line  was 
finally  settled  in  1785.  It  was  natural,  therefore,  that  the  iidiabi- 
tants  should  cling  to  the  State  authority  Avhich  had  been  regarded  in 
the  early  days    as  possessing  rightful  authority. 

The  territory  embraced  in  the  limits  of  Gil  more  Township  is 
bounded  on  the  north  by  Jackson  Township,  on  the  east  by  Wa)me, 
on  the  south  by  Mason  and  Dixon's  line  which  separates  it  from 
West  Virginia,  and  on  the  west  by  Springhill.  Dunkard  Creek, 
celebrated  in  the  history  of  the  border  controversy  and  in  the  early 
Indian  warfare,  has  its  sources  in  the  highlands  to  the  north  and 
west  of  this  township,  and  here  too,  across  the  watershed,  several  of 
the  tributaries  of  AVheeling  Creek  rise.  Tom's  Run  and  its  numer- 
ous tributaries  drain  the  north  and  eastern  portions,  and  Fordyce 
Run,  Block-house  Run,  Wildman's  Run,  and  Fish  Creek  water  all 
parts  of  its  broad  territory.  The  surface  l)eing  in  every  part  heavily 
rolling,  the  waters  are  pure  and  sparkling,  copious  springs  gushing 
forth  on  every  hilltop  and  along  every  valley.  The  soil  is  fertile  even 
to  the  summits  of  the  highest  hills,  and  heavy  crops  of  corn  and  the 
smaller  grains  reward  the  toil  of  the  husbandman.  It  is  well  adapted 
to  sheep  culture,  and  flocks  of  the  finest  breeds  gladden  all  the  hills. 
Many  herds  of  fine  dairy  cows  are  also  kept,  and  blooded  stock  for 
beef,  the  short-horn  Durham  seemingly  the  favorite.  In  many  parts 
of  the  township  special  attention  is  given  to  the  raising  of  swine,  a 
cross  between  the  Berkshire  and  Poland  China  being  the  favorite. 
It  is  not  uncommon  to  see  as  many  as  fifty  hogs  in  a  single  field.  In 
no  part  of  the  county  are  the  inhabitants  more  sober  and  indus- 
trious than  in  Gilmore. 

Among  the  earliest  inhabitants  we  notice  the  names  of  the  Roberts, 
the  Fordyces,  the  Dyes,  the  "Whites  and  Ilannans.  The  only  village  of 
importance  is  Jolleytown.  At  an  early  day  Titus  Jolley  acquired  the 
tract  where  the  village  is  now  located.  Perceiving  that  this  seemed 
to  be  a  suitable  point  for  business  on  account  of  the  water  power  and 
the  centering  of  roads  here,  in  1835  having  surveyed  and  staked  oft' 
the  plot  of  the  town  he  issued  the  following  conditions  of  sale:  "  The 
conditions  of  this  present  sale  are  as  follows:  the  highest  bidder  is  to 
be  the  buyer.  Any  person  buying  a  lot  shall  have  a  credit  of  six 
months  by  giving  his  note  with  approved  security.  Any  person 
buying  and  not  complying  shall  forfeit  and  pay  twenty-five  cents  on 
each  dollar  to  the  amount  of  what  he  buys,  and  the  subscriber  reserves 
the  right  to  one  bid  on  each  lot  if  necessary,  and  further  the  sub- 
scriber doth  agree  to  make  a  good  and  lawful  deed  at  the  expiration 


iJ 


^^' 


■*»i.  ^ 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  407 

were  brought  forth  from  the  burning  wreck.  "When  the  army  re- 
tired to  the  new  line  the  One  Hmidred  and  Fortieth  occupied  a  posi- 
tion to  the  left  of  the  White  House,  where  it  remained,  subjected  to 
occasional  artillery  tire,  until  the  6th,  when  it  retired  across  the 
river. 

The  battle  of  Gettysburg  followed  close  upon  Chancellorsville. 
The  First  and  Eleventh  Corps  met  a  full  half  of  tlie  rebel  army  on 
the  heights  beyond  the  town  to  the  northwest,  and  were  driven  back 
through  its  streets  to  the  ridge  to  the  south,  in  the  centre  of  which 
Avas  the  quiet  little  Evergreen  Cemetery.  On  the  morning  of  the 
2d  the  Second  Corps,  now  under  the  gallant  Hancock,  came  upon  the 
field,  and  M'as  posted  along  the  left  centre  of  the  line,  stretching 
from  the  cemetery  along  the  Emmettsburg  Pike  towards  the  Pencil 
Orchard.  About  four  o'clock  Sickles,  who,  with  the  Third  Corps, 
occupied  the  extreme  left,  stretching  from  the  pike  along  the  Peach 
Orchard  to  Little  Round  Top,  was  fiercely  attacked.  His  line  was 
thin  and  weak;  but  right  gallantly  did  he  hold  his  ground,  and  hurl 
back  the  foe.  Again  and  again  he  came.  In  the  midst  of  the  fray 
Sickles  was  grievously  wounded  with  the  loss  of  a  leg.  His  weakened 
columns  M'ere  gradually  forced  back.  "  Portions  of  the  Fifth  Corps 
M'ere  sent  to  his  relief,  but  shared  a  like  fate.  Finally  Hancock  sent 
Caldwell's  Division,  of  his  own  corps,  to  check  the  enemy's  mad  ad- 
vance, and  repair  the  threatened  disaster.  Moving  rapidly  across 
the  little  wooded  knoll  to  the  right  and  front  of  Round  Top,  he  tirst 
sent  the  brigades  of  Cross  and  Kelly  to  penetrate  the  Wheat  Field 
and  the  wood  beyond,  where  the  fiercest  fighting  had  been.  Colonel 
Cross  was  killed,  and  his  command  was  terribly  torn,  as  it  advanced 
upon  that  fatal  Wheat  Field,  on  three  sides  of  which  the  enemy  in 
heavy  numbers  was  concealed.  And  now,  as  a  forlorn  hope,  the 
brigades  of  Zook  and  Brooke  were  sent  forward.  Zook  was  killed 
while  leading  his  troops  into  the  fight,  and  before  he  had  hardly  got 
into  action.  The  command  of  his  brigade  then  fell  upon  Colonel 
Ivol)erts  of  the  One  Hundred  and  Fortieth.  Gallantly  did  these  two 
small  brigades  push  forward  over  this  devoted  ground  in  the  face  of 
a  severe  fire.  The  enemy  was  swept  back  from  tlie  cover  of  the 
woods,  and  the  rocky  ridge  beyond  the  Wheat  Field,  a  position  of 
great  natural  strength,  was  carried.  But  th's  advantage,  gained  at 
a  fearful  cost,  was  of  no  avail.  The  angle  in  Sickle's  line  at  the 
Peach  Orchard,  the  weak  point  in  his  formation,  had  been  hope- 
lessly broken,  and  through  this  opening  the  enemj-  Swarmed  and 
turned  the  right  of  Caldwell's  position,  compelling  him  to  with- 
draw. He  rested  at  night  on  the  low  ground  on  the  left  centre  of 
the  line,  where  he  remained  during  the  heavy  cannonade  of  the  suc- 
ceeding day,  and  until  tiie  close  of  the  battle."  The  loss  in  Com- 
pany A  in    the  battle  was    severe.     Sergeant  Brown    and    Corporal 


508  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 


CHAPTER   XXXIX. 

GREENE  TOWNSHIP. 

Original  Extent — Present  —  Gararu's  Fort — Goshen  Baptist 
Church — John  Corbly — Corijly  Massacre — Minutes  of  Red- 
stone Baptist  Association — Curious  Questions — Si'icer  Mas- 
sacre— Logan's  Revenge — Captivity — Boy  Never  Returned — 
Schools — Directors. 

GREENE  TOWNSHIP,  originally  one  of  the  six  townships  of  the 
county,  embraced  all  the  southwestern  portion  of  its  territory, 
stretchintj^  from  Little  Whiteley  Ci-eek  to  Mason  and  Dixon's  line,  and 
from  the  Monongahela  River  to  the  dividing  ridge  between  l>ig  White- 
ley  Creek  and  Muddy  Creek.  It  was  organized  in  1782.  But  it  has 
been  shorn  of  its  ample  proportions  for  the  making  of  other  town- 
ships until  it  is  now  one  of  the  smallest  in  the  county,  appearing 
quite  diminutive  beside  several  of  its  grown  np  daughters.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  north  by  Jefferson  and  Cumberland,  on  the  east  by 
Monongahela,  on  the  south  by  Dunkard,  and  on  the  west  by  White- 
ley.  The  fertility  of  its  soil  was  such  as  to  attract  the  eye  of  the 
early  explorer  and  here  were  the  first  lodgments.  It  is  well  watered 
by  Whiteley  Creek  which  carries  a  large  volume  of  water  and  is 
ample  for  mill  purposes.  Few  sections  of  the  county  present  a  more 
inviting  appearance  than  the  valley  of  this  stream.  In  the  central 
portion  of  this  township  on  the  left  bank  of  the  creek  was  located 
Garard's  Fort,  a  place  of  great  importance  at  that  period  when  Indian 
massacres  were  frequent,  as  a  place  of  refuge  and  safety  for  the 
settlers,  and  around  it  has  grown  the  principal  village  in  the  township. 
Our  ancestors  who  came  by  single  families  and  settled  far  from 
each  other  with  no  convenient  roads  for  communication,  were  not  so 
circumstanced  as  to  favor  assembling  themselves  together  for  re- 
ligious worship.  Yet  they  did  not  neglect  this  pious  duty,  and  it 
was  not  uncommon  for  worshipers  to  travel  from  twelve  to  fifteen 
miles  with  this  reverent  intent.  It  was  in  the  neighborhood  of  this 
fort  that  tlie  first  religious  worship  was  held,  and  here  was  organized 
in  1776,  on  the  7th  day  of  October,  the  first  church  in  the  county.  It 
has  subsequently  been  known  as  Goshen  Baptist  Church.  It  was 
ministered  to  by  the  Suttftn  brothers,  and  it  is  probable  that  it  had 
no  settled  pastors  during  the  early  part  of  its  existence.  The  Rev. 
John  Corbly  was  at  an  early  day  installed  pastor,  and    ministered  to 


HISTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  509 

tlie  congregation  at  the  time  when  the  savages  were  reeking  their 
vengeance  upon  the  helpless  and  defenceless  settlers.  In  May,  1782, 
his  lamily  was  attacked  on  Sunday  morning  while  on  the  way  to 
church.  In  a  letter  written  by  Mr.  Corbly  dated  1785,  to  Rev.  Will- 
iam Rogers,  of  Philadelphia,  he  gives  the  following  graphic  account 
of  the  heart-rendering  circumstance: 

"On  the  second  Sabbath  in  May,  in  the  year  1782,  being  niy  ap- 
pointment at  one  of  my  meeting-houses,  about  a  mile  from  my  dwell- 
ing-house, I  set  out  with  my  dear  wife  and  five  children  for  public 
worship.  JXot  suspecting  any  danger,  I  walked  behind  200  yards, 
with  my  bible  in  my  hand,  meditating.  As  I  was  thus  employed, 
all  on  a  sudden,  I  was  greatly  alarmed  with  the  frightful  shrieks  of 
my  dear  family  before  me.  I  immediately  ran  with  all  the  speed  I 
could,  vainly  hunting  a  club  as  1  ran,  till  I  got  within  40  yards  of 
them;  my  poor  wife  seeing  me,  cried  to  me  to  make  my  escape;  an 
Indian  ran  np  to  shoot  me;  I  then  Hed,  and  by  so  doing  out-ran  him. 
My  wife  had  a  suckling  child  in  her  arms;  this  little  infant  they 
killed  and  scalped.  They  then  struck  my  wife  several  times,  but  not 
getting  her  down,  the  Indian  who  aimed  to  shoot  me,  ran  to  her,  shot 
her  through  the  body,  and  scalped  her;  my  little  boy,  an  only  son, 
about  six  years  old,  they  sunk  the  hatchet  into  his  brain,  and  thus 
dispatched  him,  A  daughter,  besides  the  infant,  they  also  killed  and 
scalped.  My  eldest  daughter,  who  is  yet  alive,  was  hid  in  a  tree, 
about  20  yards  from  the  place  where  the  rest  were  killed,  and  saw  the 
whole  jDroceedings.  She,  seeing  the  Indians  all  go  off,  as  she  thought, 
,'got  up,  and  deliberately  crept  out  from  the  hollow  trurtk;  but  one  of 
them  espying  her,  ran  hastily  up,  knocked  her  down  and  scalped  her; 
also  her  only  surviving  sister,  on  whose  head  they  did  not  leave  more 
than  an  inch  round,  either  of  flesh  or  skin,  besides  taking  a  piece  of 
her  skull.  She,  and  the  before-mentioned  one,  are  still  miraculously 
preserved,  though,  as  you  must  think,  I  have  had,  and  still  have,  a 
great  deal  of  trouble  and  expense  with  them,  besides  anxiety  about 
them,  insomuch  that  I  am,  as  to  worldly  circumstances,  almost  ruined, 
lam  yet  in  hopes  of  seeing  them  oured;  they  still,  blessed  be  God, 
retain  their  senses,  notwithstanding  the  painful  operations  they  have 
already  and  must  yet  p5,ss  through." 

As  a  degree  of  interest  gathers  about  the  church  that  was  first 
established  in  this  section,  the  minutes  are  given  below  of  the  Red- 
stone Baptist  Association  for  1800: 

Minutes  of  Redstone  Baptist  Association,  held  at  Simpson's 
Creek,  September  26,7,8,  1800: 

1.  Introductory  Sermon  by  Benjamin  Stone,  from  2d  Corinth- 
ians, v.  20. 

John  Cobbly,     Moderator, 
Benjamin  Jones,     Clerk. 


510 


IIISTOKY    OF    GKEENE    COUNTY. 


CHURCHES. 


Great  Bethel, 


MINISTERS   AND   MESSENGERS. 


Goshen, 


Turkey  Foot, 

Forks  of  Cheat, 

Mount  Moriah, 
Mount  Pleasant, 

Simpson's  Creek, 


Clarksburgh, 

Pricket's  Creek, 
Indian  Creek, 

Buchanan, 

Enon, 

Philadelphia, 
Bethlehem, 
Connellsville, 
Roating   Creek, 

Glady  Creek, 
Sandy  Creek, 


-! 


j  Benjamin  Stone, 
I  Simeon  Gard. 
[John  Corbly, 
j  Benjamin  Jones, 

Ivobert  Jones, 

Levi  llarrad, 
I  George  Morris, 
[^Jonathan  Morris. 
j  Robert  Cobcorn, 
I  Jacob  Rush. 
(  William  John, 

Samuel  Bo  wan, 

John  Patterson, 

Joseph  Thomas. 

JSIo  Report. 
(  Ephraim  Smith, 
•|  Moses  Husted, 
I  John  Thomas. 
[  John  Loofborrow, 
I  Moses  Sutton, 
^  John  Gifford, 

John  Kelly, 

John  Pilaris, 
j' William  Wood, 
I  Joshua  Hickman. 
(John  Baiker, 
j  John  Smith, 
j  Thomas  Dewees, 
I  Gilbert  Butler. 
I  John  Cozard, 
J  John  Hiars, 
j  David  Smith, 
[^  Jacob  Cozard. 

No  Representative. 

No  Representative. 

Letter,  but  no  messenger. 

Letter,  but  no  messenger. 

No  Representative. 

'  Phineas  Wells, 

John  Carney, 

Abraham  Wells, 

John  Phillips. 
j  Samuel  Dewees, 
I  John  Jenkins. 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  511 

3,  Query  from  Glady  Creek.     Whether  washing  of  the  saints 

be  an  ordinance  of  the  New  Testament'^     Decided   in  the 
negative. 

4.  Query  from  Indian  Creek.     Whether  it  be  legal  to  receive 

a  jBaptist  minister  who  observes  the  seventh  day  Sabbath 

as  a  member  of  the  First  day  Baptist  Church,  and  to  take 

the  pastoral  care  of  said  church?     Decision  reserved  until 

next  association. 
7.     Next  association  to  be  held  at  Great  Whiteley,  Greene  County, 

on  lirst  Friday  in  September.     Brother  Corbly  to  preach 

the  sermon.     Brother  Stone  alternate. 
9.     Brother  Isaac  Edwards  from  Kentucky  preached  out  of  doors 

to  the  people. 
The  interest  that  centers  about  the  Spicer  massacre,  the  result  of 
the  cruel  revenue  of  the  celebrated  Indian  Chieftain  Logan,  will 
never  cease  to  be  felt.  The  location  of  Spicer's  cabin  is  not  exactly 
known,  though  it  was  somewhere  upon  the  heights  separating  the 
waters  of  Dunkard  from  Big  AVhiteley  Creek.  "  Some  ^traditions," 
says  Evans,  "  locate  it  in  the  head  of  Deep  Run,  which  flows  into 
Dunkard  Creek  a  short  distance  above  Bob  Town.  Some  would  have 
it  on  the  old  Dave  Keener  farm,  on  the  head  waters  of  a  branch  of 
Meadow  Run.  Others  place  it  on  the  old  Eberhart  farm,  now  be- 
longing to  Stephenson  Garard,  I  believe,  which  lies  in  a  cove  at  the 
head  of  a  considerable  run  which  flows  into  Big  Whiteley  on  Sebas- 
tian Keener's  farm,  nearly  a  mile  below  the  Willow  Tree  postoffice. 
However  these  three  streams  have  their  source  so  very  close  together 
that  the  locality  is  defined  with  sufficient  accuracy  by  either  or  all 
of  them.  Indeed  it  is  said  that  there  were  two  cabins,  which  was 
probably  the  fact,  one  at  the  source  of  Deep  Run,  and  the  other  on 
the  Eberhart  farm.'' 

Spicer  was  living  with  a  wife  and  seven  children,  in  June,  1774, 
when  Logan,  who  had  been  despoiled  of  eight  members  of  his  family 
in  cold  blood,  and  was  out  upon  his  hunt  for  an  equal  number  of 
white  scalps,  which,  according  to  Indian  theology  must  be  had  to 
satisfy  his  pious  revenge,  approached,  wntli  his  accomplices,  the  lone 
cabin  of  the  Spicers.  It  was  in  the  very  midst  of  the  primeval 
forest.  Not  another  white  inhabitant  was  living  in  a  circuit  of  miles 
in  extent.  Spicer  himself  was  engaged  in  chopping,  all  unsuspecting 
of  danger,  and  not  conscious  of  an  enemy  among  all  the  sons  of  the 
forest.  Logan  had  no  cause  of  quarrel  with  him.  But  the  savage 
must  have  the  scalps  of  a  certain  number  of  the  pale  faces.  It  was 
immaterial  to  him  who  they  were.  When  Spicer  discovered  the  red 
men  approaching,  thinking  they  were  on  a  friendly  errand,  and  de- 
siring to  suitably  entertain  them,  he  stuck  his  axe  into  the  log  and 
went  into  his  cabin.     Scarcely  had  he  entered  when  one  of  the  sav- 


512  HlSTOEY    OF    GREENE    COtJNTY. 

ages,  liaviiig  seized  the  axe,  came  stealthily  behind,  and  with  one 
blow  struck  him  dead.  His  wife  and  two  children  shared  a  like 
fate.  Three  other  children  were  found  and  speedily  dispatched. 
Elizabeth,  who  was  engaged  in  ironing,  seeing  the  bloody  work,  ran 
for  her  life  with  her  smoothing  iron  still  grasped  in  her  hand,  being 
too  excited  to  think  of  dropping  it.  In  her  attempt  to  clear  the 
fence,  with  her  brother  William,  whom  she  was  assisting  to  escape, 
they  were  overtaken  and  carried  away  into  captivity.  The  murdered 
were  scalped  and  horribly  mutilated,  so  much  so  that  one  of  the  party 
under  Capt.  Crawford  who  went  to  bury  the  bodies,  was  so  horrified 
by  the  awful  spectacle  that  he  could  not  endure  the  siglit,  and  begged 
to  be  led  away.  Logan,  with  a  war  chief,  Snake,  proceeded  over  to 
Big  Whiteley  Creek,  where  they  murdered  and  scalped  an  old  man 
by  the  name  of  Keener,  whose  body  was  undiscovered  until  the  cir- 
cling of  the  buzzards  above  his  decomposing  corpse  disclosed  its  loca- 
tion. It  was  buried  in  the  famous  meadow  of  John  Lantz.  The 
captives,  Betty  and  William,  were  hurried  away  beyond  the  Ohio, 
and  separated,  the  boy  being  placed  in  a  more  distant  tribe  than  the 
girl,  that  they  might  not  be  plotting  to  escape.  Subsequently  these 
tribes  were  compelled  by  treaty  to  give  up  their  captives,  and  the 
girl  was  returned  in  the  holidays  of  the  same  year  of  her  abduction. 
Though  but  a  few  months  in  captivity  she  learned  the  Indian  lan- 
guage, and  the  medicinal  properties  of  many  roots  and  herbs  as 
practiced  in  Indian  pharmacy,  so  that  her  services  were  much  in  de- 
mand during  all  her  life  in  cases  of  sickness  peculiar  to  the  climate. 
She  married  a  man  by  the  name  of  Bowen,  and  lived  to  the  ad- 
vanced age  of  eighty-four,  many  of  the  earlier  settlei's  having  cause 
to  remember  with  gratitude  the  kind  attentions  of  ''  Granny  Bowen." 

''  After  Betsy  returned,'-  says  Evans,  "  to  her  friends,  she  visited 
the  sight  of  the  awful  tragedy  where  she  was  rendered  an  orphan 
child,  and  remembering  that  one  of  the  Indians  finding  himself 
overloaded  with  plunder,  had  concealed  some  things  under  a  log,  she 
repaired  to  the  spot  and  among  otlier  articles  found  her  father's 
scalp,  which  she  religiously  preserved  all  her  life,  with  the  intention 
of  having  it  enclosed  in  her  own  coffin,  when  she  should  be  called 
away.  She  also  remembered  where  she  had  tlirown  her  smoothing 
iron  and  found  it,  and  it  is  yet  preserved  by  her  descendants.  Mrs. 
Bowen  was  the  mother  of  a  large  family  of  children,  one  of  whom, 
Mrs.  Nancy  Steel,  is  still  living  at  the  age  of  seventy-four.  A  daugh- 
ter of  Mrs.  Steel,  Mrs.  Azariah  Stephens,  living  near  Garard's  Fort 
has  furnished  the  particulars  of  this  narrative." 

The  boy  William  became  unalterably  attached  to  Indian  life, 
married  an  Indian  squaw  and  was  made  a  chief.  He  was  induced  to 
return  on  one  occasion   to  give  testimony  in  the  disposition  of  some 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  513 

property  in  fav^or   of  liis  sister;  but  could  not  be  prevailed  upon   to 
quit  liis  wild  life  in  the  woods. 

Greene  Township,  by  the  rejwrt  of  Mr.  Black,  1854,  is  credited 
with  five  schools  and  177  pupils.  By  the  report  of  Mr.  McGluinphy 
it  is  shown  "  that  the  houses  in  this  district  are  all  good,  and  well 
furnished.  In  the  latter  respect  they  surpass  any  in  the  county." 
The  following  is  a  list  of  the  present  board  of  directors:  J.  JM.  Mor- 
ris, President;  P.  A.  Myers,  Secretary;  J.  B.  lloberts,  Stephen  Gar- 
ard,  Isaac  Barclay,  George  Russell. 


CHAPTEE  XL. 
JACKSON  TOWNSHIP. 


Agriculture — Balti^[ore  axd  Ohio  Road — Timber — White  Cot- 
tage— Schools — Directors- — -Habits  of  Settlers — Dr.  Dodd- 
ridge's Reminiscenses — Dress — Moccasins  —  Clothing  Hung 
on  Pegs — Occupations  of  the  Women — Of  the  Boys — Throw- 
ing THE  Tomahawk. 

THIS  township  was  one  of  the  later  settled,  but  is  at  present  under 
a  good  state  of  cultivation.  The  surface  is  broken  and  highly 
picturesque,  but  the  soil  is  deep  and  very  fertile.  Large  flocks  of 
sheep  are  kept  in  the  upper  end  of  the  township,  nearly  all  of  fine 
wool.  Some  years  ago  a  few  sheep  died  from  some  disease  peculiar 
to  the  flock,  since  which  more  attention  has  been  given  to  the  culti- 
vation of  cattle.  The  short-horn  Durham  breed  is  most  in  demand 
though  some  Ilolsteins  are  kept.  The  forests  of  this  township  were 
the  favorite  gathering  place  of  wild  turkeys,  and  the  inhabitants 
raise  large  flocks  of  these  birds.  A  few  years  ago  a  disease  seized 
upon  the  flocks  of  tnrkeys  and  many  died,  which  has  had  the  efiect 
to  greatly  decrease  the  interest  felt  in  breeding  them.  Winter  wheat 
is  largely  cultivated,  rarely  or  never  spring  wheat.  Dent  corn  is  cul- 
tivated, yellow,  rarely  white.  Lime  is  found  in  abundance,  and  is 
used  for  fertilizing.  Formerly  large  quantities  of  poultry,  eggs,  beef, 
pork  and  grain  were  shipped  by  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  railroad; 
but  latterl}^  by  Washington  and  Waynesburg  road,  which  is  more 
convenient  for  the  Pittsburg  market.  Hay  is  also  an  important  ar- 
ticle and  is  sold  in  large  quantities,  movable  hay-presses  being  em- 


514  ttlSTORY    O^    GREENE    COUNTY. 

ployed  to  prepare  it  for  transportation.  Oak,  chestnut,  poplar, 
sugar  maple,  locust,  are  the  home  product  used  in  building  and 
fencing,  the  coarse  lumber  for  timber,  joists,  studding  and  roof  is 
commonly  of  the  different  oaks.  The  red  oak,  which  is  now  coming 
into  use  for  fine  work  for  expensive  finishing,  and  takes  a  polish  in 
carved  work  that  rivals  mahogany  and  satin  wood,  is  common  here. 
Timothy,  blue  grass  and  clover  are  abundant  on  hill  and  valley,  and 
though  the  hills  are  everywhere  and  of  enormous  proportions,  the 
mower  and  reaper  is  almost  exclusively  used,  and  the  strain  of  hu- 
man muscle  avoided.  There  is  in  every  part  a  clay  and  lime  subsoil 
and  springs  of  pure  water  are  copious  and  abundant.  Swine  are 
largely  bred,  Chester  white,  Poland-China,  ard  Berkshire  being  the 
most  numerously  kept,  though  a  cross  between  the  Poland  and 
Chester  is  considered  in  all  respects  the  best. 

There  are  no  considerable  villages,  though  AVhite  Cottage,  near 
the  center  of  the  township,  is  the  location  of  the  principal  postofhce, 
and  will  probably  in  time  develop  into  a  thriving  place  of  business. 
The  intelligence  and  morality  of  the  people  are  conspicuous,  and  an 
air  of  thritt  and  contentment  is  everywhere  observable.  The  dwell- 
ings are  commodious  and  kept  in  a  good  state  of  repair,  and  the 
highways  in  most  parts  well  wrought.  A  road  machine,  very  simple 
of  construction,  is  used  to  great  advantage.  JNine  schools  are 
reported  in  185-4  by  Mr.  Black,  who  M^as  then  Secretary  of  State, 
with  40-4  pupils.  In  1850  the  Superintendent  says:  "  This  district 
is  much  behind  the  times  in  point  of  education."  But  a  quarter  of 
a  century  has  wrought  great  changes  here.  The  present  board  of 
directors  is  thus  constituted:  J.  F.  Morris,  President;  M.  C.  Hull, 
Secretary;  James  Meeks,  R.  Hughes,  A.  J.  Mitchell,  Homer  Fordyce. 

Of  the  condition  and  habits  of  the  people  among  the  earliest  set- 
tlers little  can  now  be  recalled.  It  would  be  interesting,  if  any  were 
now  living  whose  mature  lives  reached  back  to  those  early  times,  to 
listen  to  their  recital.  As  a  matter  of  historical  record,  in  these  days 
when  the  whirl  and  excitement  of  life  is  so  rapidly  obliterating  every 
trace  of  the  old  time,  nothing  could  be  more  important.  Dr.  Dodd- 
ridge, who  has  left  many  interesting  details  of  the  early  settlers  in 
this  section,  gives  the  following  gra2)hic  account  of  the  habits  and 
peculiarities  of  our  ancestors: 

"A  pair  of  moccasins  answered  much  better  for  the  feet  than 
shoes.  These  were  made  of  dressed  deerskins.  They  were  mostly 
made  of  a  single  piece,  with  gathered  seams  along  the  top  of  tlie 
foot,  and  another  from  the  bottom  of  the  heel,  without  gathers,  as 
high  as  the  ankle  joint,  or  a  little  higher.  Flaps  were  left  on  each 
side,  to  reach  some  distance  up  the  legs.  These  were  nicely  adapted 
to  the  ankles,  and  lower  part  of  the  leg  by  thongs  of  deerskin,  so 
that  no  dust,  gravel  nor  snow  could  get  within   the  moccasin.     The 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  5l5 

moccasins  in  ordinary  use  cost  but  a  few  hours  labor  to  make  them. 
In  cold  weather  the  moccasins  were  stuffed  with  deer's  hair,  or  dry- 
leaves,  so  as  to  keep  the  feet  comfortably  warm.  *  *  *  The 
linsey-woolsey  petticoat  and  bedgown,  which  were  the  universal 
dress  of  the  women  in  early  times,  would  make  a  very  sino-ular 
li^ure  in  our  days.  They  went  barefooted  in  warm  weather,  and  in 
cold,  their  feet  were  covered  with  moccasins,  overshoes  or  shoe-packs, 
*  v^  *  The  coats  and  bedgowns  of  the  women,  as  M-ell  as  the 
hunting-shirts  of  the  men,  were  hung  in  full  display  on  wooden  pegs 
round  the  walls  of  their  cabins;  so  that  while  they  answered,  in  some 
degree,  the  place  of  pftper  hangings  or  tapestry,  they  announced  to 
the  stranger,  as  well  as  neighbor,  the  wealth  or  poverty  of  the  family 
in  the  articles  of  clothing.  This  practice  prevailed  for  a  long  time. 
"The  ladies  handled  the  distaff,  shuttle,  sickle,  weeding-hoe, 
scutching-knife,  hackle,  and  were  contented  if  they  could  obtain  their 
linsey-woolsey  clothing,  and  covered  their  heads  with  sunbonnets 
made  of  600  or  700  linen.  *  *  *  Flax  was  universally  culti- 
vated. When  ripe,  it  was  usually  pulled  by  the  women  and  boys,  as 
this  operation  always  occurred  in  harvest,  when  the  men  were  occu- 
pied with  their  grain  or  hay.  And  those  who  '  pulled  '  it,  after  the 
seed  was  threshed  out  of  it,  perhaps  towards  the  heels  of  harvest,  by 
the  men,  then  spread  it  out  '  to  rot '  for  some  weeks,  on  some  green 
pasture  fields;  and  after  a  number  of  weeks  it  was  taken  up,  ready 
for  the  application  of  the  'brake'  and  '  swingling-knife.'  The  for- 
mer instrument  required  the  muscular  arms  of  stout  men.  The 
latter  was  often,  pei'haps  most  generally,  wielded  by  the  womtn. 
'  Scutching  frolics,'  or  gatherings  of  neighbors  to  scutch  or  swingle 
flax,  were  very  common,  and  afforded  much  innocent  amusement  and 
recreation  to  the  young  people,  blended  with  pretty  hard  work.  The 
old  ladies  generally  took  charge  of  the  '  hackling '  of  the  flax.  Hack- 
ling and  goose-picking  days  required  much  patient  toil.  *  *  * 
One  important  pastime  of  our  boys  was  that  of  imitating  the  notes 
or  noise  of  every  bird  and  beast  in  the  woods.  This  faculty  was  not 
merely  a  pastime,  but  a  very  necessary  part  of  education,  on  account 
of  its  utility  in  certain  circumstances.  The  imitations  of  the  gob- 
lers,  and  other  sounds  of  wild  turkeys,  often  brought  the  keen-eyed 
and  ever-watchful  tenants  of  the  forest  within  the  reach  of  the  rifle. 
The  bleating  of  the  fawn  brought  its  dam  to  her  death  in  the  same 
way.  The  hunter  often  collected  a  company  of  mopish  owls  on  the 
trees  about  his  camp,  and  amused  himself  with  their  hoarse  scream- 
ing; his  howl  would  raise  and  obtain  responses  from  a  pack  of 
wolves,  so  as  to  inform  him  of  their  neighborhood,  as  well  as  guard 
him  against  their  depredations.  This  imitative  faculty  was  some- 
times requisite  as  a  measure  of  precaution  in  war.  The  Indians, 
when  scattered  about  in  a  neighborhood,  often  collected  together  by 

26 


516  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

imitating  turkeys  by  day,  and  wolves  or  owls  by  niglit.  In  similar 
situations,  our  people  did  the  same.  I  have  often  witnessed  the  con- 
sternation of  a  whole  neighborhood  in  consequence  of  a  few  screeches 
of  owls. 

"Throwing  the  tomahawk  was  another  boyish  sport,  in  which 
many  acquired  considerable  skill.  The  tomahawk,  with  its  handle  of 
a  certain  length,  will  make  a  given  number  of  turns  in  a  given  dis- 
tance. Say  in  five  steps,  it  will  strike  Math  the  edge,  with  the  han- 
dle downward;  at  the  distance  of  seven  and  a  half,  it  will  strike  with 
the  edge,  the  handle  upwards,  and  so  on.  A  little  experience  en- 
abled the  boy  to  measure  the  distance  with  his  eye,  when  walking 
through  the  woods,  and  strike  a  tree  with  his  tomahawk  in  any  way 
he  chose." 


CHAPTER  XLI. 
JEFFERSON  TOWNSHIP. 


Swan  and  Hughes — Lindsey  Family — Heaton's  Mill — Jefferson 
AND  Hamilton — College — Rice's  Landing  —  Boundaries — 
Schools — Directors — Teagarden  Fights  for  His  Claim — 
Manumission. 

THOMAS  HUGHES,  Jr.,  son  of  the  original  settler  Thomas, 
married  a  daughter  of  John  Swan  in  1771  and  settled  in  the 
Carmichaels  Yalley  on  the  site  of  the  present  brick  residence  of  John 
Hathaway,  and  was  a  neighbor  of  Colonel  Charles  Swan.  He  was  a 
man  of  undaunted  courage,  and  when  all  his  neighbors  would  flee  to 
the  forts  for  safety  he  would  stand  by  his  cabin  and  defend  his  family 
there.  On  one  occasion  his  wife  dreamed  of  Indian  massacres,  and 
so  vivid  was  her  dream  that  she  prevailed  on  her  husband  to  escape 
into  the  ryefield,  where  they  laid  down  and  slept  beneath  the  shelter 
of  the  tall  grain.  In  the  morning  she  crept  steathily  from  her 
hiding  place  to  the  summit  of  the  field,  and  was  horrified  to  behold 
their  cabin  in  flames  and  the  Indians  daiicing  around  a  feather  bed 
which  they  had  ripped  open,  and  amusing  themselves  by  tossing 
the  feathers  into  the  air,  tickled  beyond  measure  to  see  them 
carried  upwards  by  the  currents  engendered  by  the  ascending  flames. 
In  1776  he  moved  to  where  the  town  of  Jefferson  now  stands 
and  built  a  home  near  the  old  stone  house  of  the  widow  Stephens. 


iflS'fORT'    OF    GRE:E]SrE    COtJNTY.  517 

All  this  streteli  of  country  was  then  a  dense  pine  forest,  the  Inrkiiig- 
place  of  bears  and  wolves  and  deer.  In  December  of  this  year  his 
third  child,  Mary,  was  born,  who  became  the  mother  progenitor  of 
the  Lindsey  family  of  this  county. 

A  little  to  th€  west  of  Hughes  came  Colonel  Ileatoii  and  built  a 
cabin  on  the  site  of  the  present  village  of  Jefferson.  He  built  a  mill, 
soon  after  coming,  near  the  site  of  that  now  known  as  Horn's  Mill. 
Hughes  is  said  to  have  been  implicated  as  being  one  of  the  blackened 
party  which  attacked  the  house  of  Captain  Faulkner,  in  consequence 
of  which  he  was  required  to  give  bail  in  the  sum  of  $3,000  for  his 
appearance  to  answer.  Faulkner  was  an  officer  of  the  govern meut,- 
and  the  opposition  to  him  was  his  disposition  to  collect  the  excit^o' 
tax  on  distilled  spirits.  The  county  at  this  early  day  was  so  uni- 
versally devoted  to  distilling  that  the  county  records  for  1788  show 
seventy  registered  distilleries.  So  enormous  was  the  cost  of  trans- 
porting the  grain,  the  products  of  their  fields  to  a  market,  that  the 
income  from  produce  was  all  eaten  up.  Hence  the  husbandmen 
resorted  to  distillation,  as  a  horse  could  J^arely  carry  six  bushels  of 
rye  to  market;  whereas  after  it  had  been  converted  into  whisky  the 
same  beast  could  transport  twenty-four  bushels.. 

Up  to  the  year  1795  the  village  was  known  as  Jefferson,  thougii 
there  were  but  two  or  three  cabins  on  its  whole  domain.  At  about 
this  time  a  violent  contention  arose  about  the  name  which  the  new 
town  should  bear;  for  already  streets  had  been  opened  and  town  lots 
sold.  The  point  of  demarkation  on  either  side  was  Colonel  Joseph 
Parkinson's  store,  Hughes  owning  all  to  the  east,  and  Heaton  all  to 
the  west.  Heaton  being  a  bold  Federalist  insisted  that  the  town 
should  be  called  Hamilton.  But  the  Hughes  party  claimed  just  as 
per  tenaciously  that  it  should  be  called  Jefferson.  For  some  time 
the  controversy  waxed  hot.  It  was  finally  agreed  about  the  year 
1800  that  the  eastern  half  should  be  called  Hamilton  and  the  western 
half  Jefferson.  In  1827  the  town  was  incorporated  as  a  borough  by 
an  act  of  the  Legislature  under  the  name  of  Jefferson.  It  has  a 
population  of  some  700,  and  is  a  place  of  considerable  activity.  The 
buildings  of  Monongahela  College  stand  on  a  well  selected  site  just 
outside  the  borough  limits.  It  has  four  churches— Baptist,  Presby- 
terian, Methodist  and  Cumberland  Presbyterian.  Few  towns  in  the 
county  are  more  pleasantly  located  than  this.  Rice's  Landing,  a 
village  of  some  350  inhabitants,  is  situated  at  Lock  No.  6  of  the 
Monongahela  slackwater.  Previous  to  the  construction  of  the  AVash- 
ington  &  Waynesburg  Railroad  this  was  of  considerable  importance, 
being  the  shipping  point  for  a  large  portion  of  the  county.  It  still 
distributes  many  goods  to  villages  in  the  immediate  neighborhood. 
The  part  of  the  town  below  the  run  was  laid  out  by  Abijah  McLeaii, 
and  was  called  Newport,  and  the  part  above  the  run  was  originally 


518  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

owned  by  John  Rice,  from  whom  the  place  takes  its  name.  Rice's 
patent  bears  date  of  1786. 

Jetferson  is  the  most  irregular  in  form  of  any  of  the  townships 
of  the  county,  being  a  long  narrow  strip  of  land,  hemmed  in  be- 
tween South  Ten  Mile  Creek  and  Pumpkin  Run,  scarcely  more 
than  two  miles  in  width  and  fifteen  in  length.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  north  by  Morgan,  on  the  east  by  Cumberland,  on  the  south 
by  Cumberland,  Greene  and  Whiteley,  and  on  the  west  by  Frank- 
lin and  Morgan.  By  the  report  of  1855  Jefferson  is  given  eight 
schools  with  391  pupils.  The  report  of  1859  says  of  tliis  district: 
"  The  houses  are  neat,  comfortable,  well  arranged  and  admirably 
fitted  to  be  the  training  places  of  youth.  The  requirements  of  the 
law  are  well  enforced  by  the  directors.  The  schools  are  visited,  but 
not  as  frequently  as  would  be  advantageous  by  parents  and  di- 
rectors." The  present  board  of  directors  of  the  township  is  con- 
stituted as  follows:  J.  C.  Burson,  President;  H.  Waychoff,  Sec- 
retary; John  Dulancy,  A.  W.  Greenlee,  Jacob  Crayne  and  J.  Ran- 
dolph Bayard.  That  of  the  borough  as  follows:  R.  H.  Jordon, 
President;  S.  R.  Hill,  Secretary;  T.  II.  Sharpneck,  John  Cottorell, 
John  Sloneker  and  Frank  Bradley. 

Abraham  Teagarden,  who  had^  settled  at  Redstone,  had  a  con- 
siderable family,  which  he  had  transferred  to  this  new  land.  In- 
deed Abraham,  father  of  Isaac,  was  born  in  Redstone  Fort.  His 
sons,  as  they  had  come  to  marriageable  age,  had  taken  themselves 
wives.  David  married  Miss  Treble,  by  whom  he  reared  a  family 
of  ten  children;  William  married  Miss  Craig,  by  whom  he  had 
twelve  children.  About  the  year  1770  these  two,  David  and 
William,  anxious  to  secure  a  homestead  while  it  could  be  got  for 
the  taking,  crossed  over  into  what  is  now  Greene  County. 

The  manner  in  which  George  Teagarden,  who  had  married  a 
young  and  blooming  maiden,  and  was  ambitious  of  securing  a 
comfortable  habitation  for  her,  maintained  his  claim  to  the  tract  of 
land  he  had  chosen,  is  romantic,  and  iJlustrates  the  customs  which 
prevailed  among  the  early  settlers.  Along  the'  valley  of  Ten 
Mile  Creek  were  many  excellent  and  valuable  tracts.  One  of  these 
George  had  appropriated  by  making  the  usual  tomahawk  improve- 
ment. He  had  selected  the  site  for  his  house  and  had  called  in 
his  neighbors  to  assist  in  rearing  it.  When  the  work  was  about  to 
begin,  a  raw-boned  denizen  of  the  forest  made  his  appearance  and 
claimed  the  ground  which  Teagarden  had  selected  as  his  own,  and 
no  further  progress  could  be  made  in  building  until  the  question  of 
ownership  w-as  settled.  As  no  legal  tribunal  had  yet  been  established 
over  this  territory,  the  only  method  of  deciding  was  by  personal 
combat,  and  it  was  accordingly  agreed  that  who  ever  proved  himself 
the  better   man  should   be   entitled   to  his  claim.     The  contest  was 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  519 

long  and  bloody,  but  the  youthful  vigor  of  Teagardeii  was  in  the 
end  triumphant,  and  he  was  acknowledged  the  rightful  claimant. 
His  antagonist,  after  having  washed  and  dressed  his  wounds,  in 
which  the  young  wife  of  Teagarden  is  said  to  have  assisted,  re- 
mained and  helped  build  the  cabin,  subsequently  acquired  a  tract 
adjoining,  and  ever  after  the  families  were  on  friendly  terms.  Such 
were  the  ideas  of  justice  and  government  which  prevailed  among 
our  hardy  ancestors. 

Many  of  the  early  settlers  brought  with  them  from  Virginia  and 
Maryland  their  house  servants.  In  tile  records"  of  the  Kecorder's 
office  are  several  manumission  papers.  Below  is  one  executed  by 
a  citizen  of  Jefferson : 

MANUMISSION. 

Jefferson,  May  20,  1823. — Know  all  men  by  these  presents: 
That  I,  AVilliam  Fletcher,  of  the  town  of  Jefferson,  Greene  County, 
Penn.,  from  motives  of  humanity  and  benevolence,  have  this  day 
manumitted,  and  do  hereby  manumit  and  set  free  from  slavery  dur- 
ing his  natural  life  my  negro  boy,  Jarrot  Rhoads,  he  being  now  of 
the  age  of  twenty-one  years  and  over,  and  I  do  hereby  relinquish 
forever  all  my  right,  claim,  title  and  interest  in  the  aforesaid  Jarrot 
Rhoads,  and  any  claim  that  I  ever  had  or  could  have  had  to  his 
labor  or  services  in  any  wise  whatever.  In  testimony  whereof  I 
have  hereunto  set  my  hand  and  affixed  my  seal,  the  day  and  year 
first  above  written, 

William  Fletcukk. 
Edward  Fletcher. 
Thomas  Fletcher. 

Greene  County,  ss.  Personally  came  William  Fletcher  before 
me,  a  justice  of  the  peace  in  and  for  said  county,  and  acknowledged 
the  above  manumission  to  Jarrot  Rhoads  to  be  his  act,  deed,  and 
desired  the  same  might  everywhere  be  received  as  such,  and  that 
the  said  Jarrott  may  pass  and  repass  as  a  free  man  of  color  should 
he  demean  himself  well.  Acknowledged  by  me  the  26th  day  of 
June,  1823.     Witness  my  hand  and  seal. 

William  Kincaid,  Jr. 

Kennor  S.  Boreman,  Rec. 
Deed  Book  E,  page  371. 


420  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

Bariiett,  James  P.,  died  at  Carlisle,  Pa.,  Nov.  18,  '62. 

Brooks,  William,  died  at  Lavergiie,   Tenn.,  Jan.  5,  '63,  of  wds 
rec'd  in  action. 

Bell,  Joseph,  tr.  to  Co.  B,  date  unknown. 

Bell,  John  H.,  tr.  to  Co.  I,  date  unknown. 

Brown,  John  E.,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,62;  tr.  to  Co.  F,  date  unknown. 

Bond,  Edward,  mus.  in  Oct.  10,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  li,  date  unknown. 

Beitz,  Augustus  0.,  mus.  in  Aug.  6,  '64;  not  on  mus.  out  roll. 

Campbell,  William  P.,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  mus.   out  with  Co. 
June  21,  '65. 

Cleverstone,  Daniel,  mus.  in  Sept.   24,  '64;  mus.   out   with  Co. 
June  21,  '65. 

Clark,  Adrian  S.,  mus.  out  with  Co.  June  21,  '65. 

Carr,  Charles,   mus.  in   Oct.  10,  '62;   disch.  on  Surg.' Cert.  Aug. 
6,  '63. 

Clark,  Edward  B.,  disch.  on  Sui-g.  Cert.  Marcli  3,  '63. 

Cholette,  Cor.  M.,  tr.  to  U.  S.  Army  Oct.  30,  '62. 

Cover,  Michael,  mus.  in  June  4,  '64;  tr.  to  Co.  A.  June  21,  '65. 

Crawford,  Edwin  E.,  died  in  Nashville,  Tenn.,  Feb.  12,  '63;  bur. 
in  Nat.  Cem. 

Conner,  William  B.,  died  in  Nashville,  Tenn.,  Feb.  3,  '63;  bur. 
Nat.  Cem.  Sec.  B.,  grave  1,177. 

Cotterel,  William,   mus.   in  Oct.   3,  '62;   tr.  to  Co.  G,  date  un- 
known. 

Cumston,  John,  mus.  in  Oct.  10,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  E,  date  unknown. 

Chambers,  William  H.,  mus.  in  Oct.  10,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  H.,  date 
unknown, 

Cotterel,  Jonas,  mus.  in  Aug.  30,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  M. 

Duer,  Florence,  mus.  in  Sept.  23,  '64;  discli.  by  Gen.  Order,  June 
24,  '65. 

Dye,  William  L,  disch.  by  Gen.  Order,  June  24,  '65. 

Denney,  Clark,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  I,  date  unknown. 

Drake,  Alexander  S.,  mus.  in  Oct.  10,  '62;  died  at  Nashville,  Tenn., 
Dec.  31,  '62;  bur.  in  Nat.  Cem.,  Sec.  B,  grave  88. 

Evans,  Benjamin  B.,  tr.  to  Co.  F,  date  unknown. 

Estle,  Daniel  L.,  tr.  to  Co.  I,  date  unknown. 

Farrer,  John  G.,  mus.   out  with  Co.  June  21,  '65. 

Faas,  John,  mus.  in  Sept.  10, '64;  mus.  out  with  Co.  June  21,  '65. 

Fisher,  David  F.,  mus.  in  Sept.  19,  '64;  mus.  out  with  Co.  I,  June 
21,  '65. 

Fullerton,  Bryara  M.,  mus.  in  Auo-.   20,   '64;   mus.  out   M-ith  Co. 
June  21, '65. 

Frankenberry,  A.  D.,  tr.  to  Signal  Corps  Oct.  27,  '63. 

Filbey,  Barton  E.,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  des.  Dec.  8,  '62.  • 

Gosline,  Nelson,  mus.  out  with  Co.  June  21,  '65. 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  421 

Gibbons,  Anthony  J.,  mus,  in  Sept.  25,  '64;  prisoner  from  April 
12  to  30,  '65;  disch.  June  20,  '65;  to  date  Maj  18,  '65. 

Grim,  David,  mus.  in  Sept.  19,  '64;  mus.  out  with  Co.  June  21,  '65. 

Griffin,  Samuel  C,  mus.  in  Jan.  27,  '64;  tr.  to  Co.  A,  June  21,  '65. 

Gass,  Samuel  W.,  mus.  in  Get.  3,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  F,  date  unknown. 

Grim,  William,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  D,  date  unknowu. 

Grim,  Lycurgus,  mus  in  Aug.  30,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  F,  date  unknown. 

Househalter,  Philip,  mus.  in  Sept.  22,  64;  mus.  out  with  Co. 
June  21,  '65. 

Hinies,  John,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '63;  mus.  out  with  Co.  June  21,  '65. 

Howard,  George  W.,  mus.  in  Sept.  6,  '62;  pr.  to  2d  Lieut.,  4th 
Eegt.  U.  S.  Col.  Art.,  April  5,  65;  mus.  out  Feb.  25,  '66. 

Heiter,  Joseph  J.,  mus.  in  March  24,  '64;  tr.  to  Co.  A,  June 
21,  '65. 

Hoke,  George  N.,  mus.  in  Sept.  6,  '62;  died  at  Murfreesboro, 
Tenn.,  April  2,  '63;  bur.  in  Nat.  Cem.  Stone  lliver. 

Hawdvins,  A.  LeRoy,  mus.  in  Aug.  30,  '62;  tr.  Co.  I,  date  un- 
known. 

Hewitt,  Jacob,  mus.  in.  Aug.  30,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  F',  date  unknown. 

Hewitt,  Eli,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  B,  date  unknown. 

Hewitt,  Samuel,  mus.  in  Oct.  10,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  H,  date  unknown, 

Houlsworth,  James,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  G,  date  un- 
known. 

Houston,  Samuel,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  H,  date  un- 
known, 

Houston,  Joseph,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  H,  date 
unknown. 

Hartzell,  Edwin,  mus.  in  Aug.  30,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  I,  date  un- 
known. 

Hartley,  John  M.,  mus.  in  Aug.  30,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  D,  date  un- 
known. 

Hughes,  James,  mus.  in  Oct.  29,  '64;  not  on  mus.  out  roll. 

Johns,  Albert  M.,  mus.  in  Aug.  30,  '62;  disch.  on  Surg.  Cert. 
Oct.  12,  '63. 

Johnstone,  Valentine,  mus.  in  Aug.  8,  '64;  tr.  to  Co.  A,  June 
21,  '65. 

Jamison,  Wilbur  T.,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  H,  date 
unknown. 

Jameson,  John  A.,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  F,  date  un- 
known. 

Jordan,  Robert  H.,  mus.  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  tr.  to  Co.  H,  date  un- 
known. 

Kiminel,  Jacob,  mus.  in  Oct.  10,  '62;  mus.  out  with  Co.  June 
21,  '65. 

Kinney,  Eaton,  mus,  in  Oct.  3,  '62;  dis,  on  Surg.  Cert.  Feb. 23,  '63. 


522  HISTOllY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

stock  of  the  company.  It  was  this  interest  which  was  finally  trans- 
ferred to  Greensboro  and  became  the  nucleous  of  the  company  men- 
tioned above,  and  was  the  earliest  manufactory  in  this  section — the 
forerunner  of  the  vast  business  at  Pittsburg  and  vicinity. 

Mr.  Gallatin  was  born  in  Geneva,  Switzerland,  January  29,  1761, 
was  instructor  of  French  in  Harvard  University  in  1782,  married 
a  beautiful  young  woman  in  Richmond,  Ya.,  in  1783,  in  1785  bought 
his  plantation  at  New  Geneva,  where  he  lived  several  j^ears  in  a  log 
cabin;  but  eventually  built  a  quaint  stone  castle  on  a  commanding 
eminence  which  he  named  Friendship  Hill.  Here  he  was  visited  by 
LaFayette  in  1824:.  On  the  death  of  his  wife  she  was  buried  here  and 
her  grave  never  marked,  which  caused  among  busy  bodies  unfavor- 
able comments.  But  on  one  occasion  while  out  hunting  he  paused 
near  her  grave  and  was  lost  in  deep  meditation.  Finally  he  said, 
"There  lies  one  of  the  best  and  purest  women  ever  God  made.^  1 
would  have  erected  a  monument  to  her  memory,  only  she  requested 
me  not  to  do  so,  preferring  that  her  grave  should  not  be  so  marked. 
She  said  I  would  know  where  she  was  laid,  and  as  to  the  rest  of  the 
world,  it  was  of  little  importance."  The  stone  edifice  where  he  lived 
still  remains,  though  much  changed.  He  attained  eminence  as  a 
member  of  the  Pennsylvania  Legislature,  member  of  Congress — the 
first  repreientative  of  Greene  County,  as  Secretary  of  the  United 
States  Treasury,  and  as  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  Russia,  to  Ghent 
and  to  London.  In  1816  he  was  made  Minister  to  France,  and  in 
tlie  meantime  was  sent  on  extraordinary  missions  to  the  Netherlands 
in  1817,  and  to  England  in  1818.  In  1826  he  was  appointed  envoy 
extraordinary  to  England.  He  died  August  12,  IS-ll),  at  New  York. 
He  was  probably  the  most  eminent  of  the  adopted  citizens  with  whose 
services  the  nation  has  been  favored. 

Monongahela  Township  from  the  earliest  times  has  been  noted 
for  the  prosperity  which  has  marked  its  progress.  Its  home  markets 
have  been  good  and  the  facility  with  which  from  every  part  it  could 
reach  transportation  practically  brought  the  markets  beyond  the 
bounds  of  the  county  to  its  own  doors.  Near  the  center  of  the 
township  on  Whiteley  Creek  is  located  the  pleasant  little  village  of 
Mapletown,  named  probably  from  the  ancestors  of  Robert  and 
Thomas  Maple.  The  intelligence  and  culture  of  the  people  is  marked. 
The  earliest  school  report  under  the  present  system  gives  the 
township  seven  schools  and  250  pupils,  and  Greensboro  w^ith  two 
schools  and  101  pupils.  The  report  of  1859  says  "  There  are  a  few 
active  and  zealous  friends  of  education  in  this  township  who  evince 
a  deep  interest  in  the  schools  by  frequent  visitations.*'  The  present 
school  board  is  constituted  as  follows:  W.  H.  Cummins,  Pres- 
ident; N.  M.  Hartley,  Secretary;  Silas  Rose,  William  Ramsey, 
Stephen  Maple^  Lee  Gabler;  of  Greensboro:  W.  L.   Hamilton,   Pres- 


HISTORY    or    GREENE    COUNTY.  523 

ident;  C.  A.  "Wolverton,  Secretary;  David  Garrison,  James  Hamil- 
ton, John  C.  Blake,  James  xitchison. 

As  Monongahela  was  among  the  earliest  portions  of  the  county 
settled,  it  doubtless  suffered  as  much  from  Indian  depredations  as 
any  other  section.  If  the  record  of  these  midnight  massacres  and 
burnings  could  be  veritably  gathered  up  and  set  in  order  it  would 
form  one  of  the  most  thrilling  pages  in  American  history.  But 
having  given  accounts  of  these  in  connection  with  the  early  history 
of  mau}^  of  the  other  townships  of  the  county  we  propose  to  omit  all 
mention  of  Indian  liorrors  in  this,  and  show  instead  the  other  side  of 
tlie  picture  which  may  serve  as  a  key  to  the  blood-thirsty  disposition 
of  the  savage.  Mr.  Evans  in  his  Eighth  Centennial  article  gives 
several  very  striking  incidents  under  the  title  of  "  White  Savages,-' 
and  from  this  are  given  below  copious  extracts. 

"  Genuine  settlers  were  seeking  homes  for  themselves  and  poster- 
ity. Feeling  that  in  a  certain  sense  they  were  intruders  u'>on  the 
territory  and  hunting  grounds  of  the  red  man,  they  chose  to  court 
his  friendship  and  cultivate  a  spirit  of  amity  with  him.  But  in  their 
train  followed  a  class  of  desperate  and  despicable  outlaws — cormorants 
upon  the  peace  and  well-being  of  the  settlements — ^who  preyed  upon 
the  Indians  as  upon  wolves  and  bears,  and  improved  every  opportu- 
nity to  commit  gross  insults,  rapine,  and  murder  upon  them.  De- 
ceived by  these  bad  men,  and  maddened  to  frenzy  by  their  frequent 
and  brutal  atrocities,  these  uncultivated  children  of  the  forest  would 
give  unrestrained  vent  to  rankling  vengeance,  and  would  visit  indis- 
criminately tortures  the  most  fiendish  and  murders  the  most  appall- 
ini>:  that  savage  genius  could  invent.  I  shudder  for  civilization  when 
I  chronicle  the  revolting  crimes  perpetrated  in  its  name.  But  the 
truth  of  history  demands  the  shocking  revelation,  that  no  uncertain 
light  may  be  shed  on  the  pathway  of  succeeding  generations. 

"  Between  the  years  1765  and  1774  there  was  comparative  peace 
and  harmony  between  the  frontiersman  and  the  neighboring  tribes. 
They  were  dwelling  together  in  unity,  and  a  social  intimacy  was 
being  cultivated  by  the  chiefs  and  encouraged  by  the  whites.  Indian 
and  white  man  mingled  and  commingled  with  perfect  freedom  and 
confiding  security.  But  this  period  of  good  feeling  was  from  time 
to  time  interrupted,  and  eventually  altogether  destroyed  by  the  das- 
tardly and  reckless  piracies  of  the  wicked  outlaws  above  described. 

"A  fiend  in  human  shape,  John  Ryan  by  name,  killed  at  different 
times  three  friendly  and  influential  Indians.  One  of. these  was  Owish- 
togah,  the  'Captain  Peter'  of  our  region,  to  whom  many  of  our  fore- 
fathers owed  a  debt  of  gratitude  for  his  hospitalities  and  friendly 
warnings,  and  judicious  advice.  Though  sadly  consternated  at  the 
damnable  perfidy  of  these  monster  crimes,  retaliation  was  not  at- 
tempted.    Gov.  Dunmore,  of  Virginia,  offered  a  reward  for  the  ap- 


524  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

prehension  of  the  murderer,  which  caused  him  to  leave  the  country, 
and  the  Indians  smothered  their  just  indignation  and  forebore 
redress. 

"  On  the  soutli  branch  of  tlie  Monongahela  a  most  wanton  and  un- 
provoked massacre  was  committed  on  some  peaceable  Indians  on  a 
friendly  visit  there,  by  Henry  Judah  and  Nicholas  Harpold.  The 
former  was  arrested  for  the  crime,  but  the  excited  and  inconsiderate 
populace  rescued  him,  and  he  was  permitted  to  go  unhung.  Bald 
Eagle  was  a  chieftain  of  great  celebrity,  who  was  known  and  highly 
esteemed  by  all  the  well-disposed  settlers  along  the  Monongahela. 
He  was  on  familiar  and  confidential  terms  with  the  inmates  of  every 
cabin.  His  visits  were  frequent,  and  his  presence  always  welcome. 
Yet  this  universal  favorite  was  inhumanly  murdered  by  the  three 
dastardly  wretches,  Jacob  Scott,  William  Hacker  and  Elijah  Runner. 
They  met  him  all  alone  in  his  canoe  somewhere  near  the  mouth  of 
the  Cheat,  and  committed  the  cowardly  deed.  Not  content  with  the 
horrible  crime  of  cold-blooded  murder,  they  proceeded  to  add  insult 
to  injury  by  thrusting  a  johnny-cake  in  his  mouth,  propping  him  up 
in  the  stern  of  his  canoe  and  setting  him  afloat  on  the  river.  In  this 
condition  he  was  discovered  by  a  Mrs.  Province,  about  the  mouth  of 
Big  Wliiteley  Creek,  who  had  his  remains  brought  ashore  and  de- 
cently buried.  Soon  after  the  death  of  Bald  Eagle,  one  William 
White  waylaid  and  assassinated  a  peaceable  Indian,  for  which  he  was 
apprehended  and  committed  to  Winchester  jail  for  trial.  But  the 
prejudiced  and  infuriated  populace  forced  the  prison  doors,  knocked 
off  his  shackles  and  set  him  at  liberty. 

"About  the  close  of  the  year  of  1772,  I  think,  a  most  atrocious 
butchery  occurred  on  a  branch  of  Dunkard  Creek.  A  semi-civilized 
Indian  famil}',  by  name  of  Jacob,  lived  there  by  hunting  and  culti- 
vating a  patch  of  Indian  corn.  He  would  frequently  supply  the 
settlers  along  the  creek  with  meat  and  skins.  But  his  peaceful  wig- 
wam was  invaded,  and  his  whole  household  slain,  with  the  exception 
of  two  children,  who  escaped,  half  frozen  and  nearly  starved,  to  tell 
the  story  of  their  wrongs  to  the  kindred  tribes  beyond  the  Ohio. 
The  miscreants  who  perpetrated  this  deed  are  now  unknown.  About 
this  time  also  Bulltown,  an  Indian  village  consisting  of  five  fami- 
lies, on  the  Little  Kanawha,  was  ruthlessly  invaded  by  five  demons, 
among  whom  were  White  and  Hacker,  before  mentioned.  All  the 
villagers,  men,  women  and  children,  on  the  frivolous  pretext  of  a 
mere  suspicion,  were  put  to  death,  and  their  bodies  sunk  in  the  river. 
In  the  spring  of  1774,  Capt.  Cr^esop  and  a  party  of  land  sharks  first 
waylaid  and  murdered  a  couple  of  peaceable  Indians  crossing  the 
Ohio  in  a  canoe,  and  afterward  fired  upon  a  harmless  encampment  of 
Indians  at  the  mouth  of  Captina  Creek,  killing  and  wounding 
several. 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  525 

"  But  perhaps  of  all  the  black  catalogue  of  unprovoked  crimes,  the 
affair  a  few  days  later,  at  the  mouth  of  Yellow  Creek,  was  the  most 
infamous.  Plere  the  family  of  Logan,  who  up  to  that  time  was 
known  as  'the  white  man's  friend,'  was  killed.  One  Daniel  Great- 
house  led  a  party  of  bushwhackers  to  the  scene,  ostensibly  to  protect 
a  family  named  Eaker,  who  resided  at  the  mouth  of  the  creek,  and 
subsisted  chiefly  from  the  miserable  occupation  of  selling  the  Indians 
rum.  Secreting  his  men,  he  crossed  the  creek  in  the  guise  of  friend- 
ship to  the  Indian  camp.  Being  advised  by  a  friendly  squaw  that 
the  Indians  were  getting  in  liquor  and  were  somewhat  exasperated 
on  account  of  the  trouble  at  the  mouth  of  Captina,  he  returned  to 
Baker's  and  told  him  if  any  of  the  Indians  should  come  over,  to  give 
them  all  the  rum  they  wanted.  The  hypocritical  scheme  succeeded. 
Lured  by  his  treacherous  representations,  a  party  of  Indians  with 
two  females  crossed  over  to  Baker's,  and  when  sufficiently  intoxicated 
were  set  upon  by  Greathouse  and  his  minions,  and  the  whole  party 
slaughtered.  Another  party  ventured  over,  and  shared  a  like  fate. 
By  this  time,  suspecting  foul  play,  a  large  detachment  attempted  to 
cross,  but  they  too  were  tired  upon  from  the  deadly  ambuscade,  and 
many  of  them  slain  and  the  rest  driven  back.  The  perpetration  of 
this  act  of  fiendish  perfidy  was  fittingly  closed  by  the  savage  cere- 
mony of  scalping  all  the  victims.  These  were  a  few  specimens  of 
the  treatment  the  Indians,  when  disposed  to  be  peaceable,  received 
at  the  hands  of  the  whites.  The  soul  sickens  in  contemplation  of 
these  revolting  scenes!  The  blood  curdles  to  believe  mankind  guilty 
of  such  nameless  horrors!  AVhat  marvel  that  speedy  retribution  was 
visited  upon  the  settlements?  AVhat  marvel  that  swift  destruction 
overtook  them  at  noonday?  What  marvel  that  the  terrible  war-whoop 
of  the  blood-thirsty  savage  pervaded  the  whole  land;  that  the  toma- 
hawk and  the  scalping-knife  on  every  hand  were  reeking  with  the 
blood  of  the  innocent;  that  Are  and  rapine  and  general  desolation 
ruled  the  hour? 

"  From  this  time  forth  Logan  was  transformed  into  an  avenging 
demon.  His  name  became  a  terror.  At  his  beck  settlements  dis- 
appeared as  with  'a  besom  of  destruction.'  The  soil  of  Greene 
County  drank  the  blood  of  almost  numberless  victims  to  his  power. 
Well  could  reeking  scalps,  vacant  hearths  and  smouldering  ruins 
attest  his  boast:  'I  have  sought  revenge.  I  have  killed  many.  I 
have  fully  glutted  ray  vengeance.' " 


526  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 


CHAPTER  XLIII. 

MORGAN  TOWNSHIP. 

E"S4ERHART  Hupp — Indian  Training — Only  Fear — Mrs.  Hupp,  First 
White  Woman — Cooking — Boundary — Schools — -Directors — 
Recollections  of  an  Old  Settler — School-House — Shoemaker 
— Frozen  to  Death. 

MORGAN  TOWNSHIP  was  one  of  the  earliest  settled  in  the 
county.  Everhart  Hupp, .who  lived  to  be  one  hundred  and 
nine  years  old,  married  Margarett  Thomas,  who  lived  to  the  age 
of  one  luindred  and  tive  years,  and  purchased  of  the  Indians 
a  large  tract  of  land  on  Ten  Mile  Creek,  for  which  he  paid  one  black 
mare  and  one  rifle  gun.  On  running  the  lines  agreed  upon  with  the 
Indians,  he  found  it  contained  1,-iOO  acres,  and  embraced  lands  north 
of  Ten-Mile  Creek  and  stretching  across  the  North  Fork,  and  conse- 
quently overlapping  a  portion  of  Morgan  Township,  where  some  of 
his  descendants  live  to  this  day.  The  Hupps  were  always  on  good 
terms  with  the  Indians,  for  the  reason  that  they  were  always  made 
welcome  and  given  whatever  the  cabin  afforded.  Mr.  Hupp  used  to 
declare  that  a  feeling  of  fear  of  the  Indians  was  never  excited  in  his 
mind  but  once.  On  tliat  occasion  he  had  gone  out  upon  the  creek  to 
do  some  work  in  a  grove  where  he  was  shielded  from  view  of  his 
cabin,  but  where  he  could  himself  observe  it.  Going  to  the  only 
point  of  observation,  he  was  startled  to  see  several  stalwart  Indians, 
tricked  out  in  his  own  militia  trappings,  marching  around  the  house 
and  pretending  to  go  through  the  evolutions  of  a  squad  of  soldiers. 
At  this  siglit  his  heart  was  in  his  mouth,  fearing  that  his  wife  had 
been  murdered  and  that  the  savages  were  bent  on  mischief.  His 
agony  for  the  moment  was  indescribable;  but  to  his  great  joy  he 
soon  saw  his  wife  coming  from  the  spring-house,  bearing  a  pan  of  milk, 
evidently  preparing  something  for  the  red  men  to  eat.  He  soon  re- 
turned to  his  dwelling  and  had  a  friendly  chat,  while  they  partook  of 
the  table  cV  liote  set  for  them  by  Madame  Hupp,  when  they  departed, 
highly  elated  by  their  entertainment. 

Mr.  Evans,  in  his  thirty-first  Centennial  sketch,  says:  "At  this 
time,  1767,  there  was  but  one  white  woman  west  of  the  Mononga- 
hela  River  known  to  the  settlers.  She  was  tlie  wife  of  George  Hupp 
[probably  Everhart  IIuppj  who  located  a  large   body  of  land  on^the 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  527 

north  bank  of  Ten-J\Iile,  and  erected  a  cabin  near  tlie  creek  and  about 
two  miles  from  its  month.  Her  frugal  repast  consisted  of  johnny 
cake  [journej-cake]  shortened  with  bear's  fat,  dried  venison  and 
Adam's  ale.  Their  hospitality  soon  became  proverbial  with  the 
sparse  inhabitants,  who  were  else  all  males,  and  the  Hupp  cabin  be- 
came the  Sunday  morning  rendezvous  for  all  the  men  in  the  settle- 
ment. ]>[auseated  with  their  own  unpalatable  cooking,  they  would 
carry  their  choice  game  and  tish  to  her,  and  enjoy  a  toothsome  meal 
prepared  and  served  by  the  veriest  lady  in  the  land."' 

On  account  of  its  contiguity  to  Kedstone  fort,  which  was  a  rally- 
ing point  in  time  of  danger,  and  the  point  at  which  the  new  comer 
tarried  until  he  could  lind  a  tract  on  which  to  blaze  his  title,  that 
pleased  his  fancy,  the  lands  of  this  township  were  early  appropri- 
ated. This  was  one  of  the  original  townships  at  the  time  of  the  or- 
ganization of  Washington  County,  and  was  at  that  time  much  larger 
than  at  present.  It  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  AVashington  County, 
on  the  east  by  Jefferson,  on  the  south  by  Jefferson  and  Franklin,  and 
on  the  west  by  Washington.  The  surface  is  very  broken  but  the 
soil  is  fertile,  and  the  farms  well  improved.  It  is  well  watered  by 
North  and  South  Ten-Mile  Creek  and  their  tributaries.  Clarksville, 
the  only  village  in  the  township,  a  place  of  some  350  inhabitants,  is 
situated  on  a  peninsula  formed  by  the  two  forks  of  Ten-Mile  Creek 
at  their  junction,  at  the  head*  of  the  creek  proper.  It  has  three 
churches  and  the  usual  business  of  a  centre  of  a  line  farming  coun- 
try. In  the  report  of  Secretary  Eurrowes,  in  183(3,  Morgan  is  cred- 
ited with  four  schools  and  155  pupils,  that  of  Secretary  Black  in 
1854,  with  six  schools  and  360  pupils.  The  report  of  1859  says: 
"  The  directors  of  this  district  are  a  philanthropic  band,  who  have 
the  interest  of  the  rising  generation  at  heart.  They  have  increased 
the  school  fund,  and  have  paid  their  teachers  liberally.  Therefore, 
the  cause  of  education  has  advanced  very  rapidly  in  this  townsiiip 
within  the  past  three  or  four  years.  All  the  school-houses  are  fur- 
nished with  blackboards  and  maps.'-  The  good  report  thus  early  won 
has  been  maintained  and  it  still  holds  a  foremost  rank.  The  directors 
for  the  current  year  are:  J.  M.  Thistlethwait,  President;  Joseph  Adam- 
son,  Secretary;  Edward  Yan  Kirk,  George  Hughes,  Solomon  Cum- 
rine,  and  Robert  Buckingham. 

Below  we  give  some  reminiscences  of  the  olden  time  related  by 
an  aged  citizen  and  published  some  years  ago  in  the  Waynesburg 
JRejniblican: 

"  The  first  school-houses  were  built  of  logs,  with  dirt  floors  and 
greased  paper  for  windows.  The  seats  were  made  of  sticks  driven 
into  walls  and  slabs  laid  on  them.  The  first  teachers  I  remember 
were  Francis  Lazear  and  John  McGuire.  The  books  used  were  IT.  S. 
speller  and  the   New  Testament.     The  schools  then,  as   now,  were 


528  instOtiY  of  gkeette  count t. 

only  open  in  tlie  winter  season,  and  the  little  folks  had  often  to  go' 
several  miles  throngh  the  woods,  with  the  snow  two  feet  or  more 
deep;  and  as  there  was  no  such  thing  as  boots  then,  it  was  a  very 
cold  operation. 

"There  were  shoemakers  in  that  day,  but  they  did  not  have  shops 
as  they  have  now,  but  went  around  from  house  to  house,  shoeing  the 
whole  family  before  leaving.  We  never  got  but  one  pair  of  shoes  in 
a  year.  Often  times  little  children  had  no  shoes  at  all,  wearing  noth- 
ing but  stockings. 

"  1  will  tell  yon  a  story  of  one  of  these  traveling  shoemakers. 
His  name  I  have  forgotten,  but  I  remember  he  came  to  my  father's 
and  made  us  all  shoes.  He  was  a  jolly  good  fellow,  but  loved  his 
drink.  After  he  got  through  at  our  house,  he  got  his  money  and 
started  for  home.  The  weather  w'as  very  cold  and  as  he  had  to  pass 
a  still-house,  he  stopped  and  got  a  jug.  As  he  journeyed  on  towards 
home,  he  frequently  imbibed,  until  he  had  reached  within  about  one 
hundred  yards  of  home — that  haven  of  rest  where  a  wife  and  several 
children  awaited  his  coming — when  he  succumbed  to  the  influence 
of  the  liquor  and  got  down,  where  he  was  found  a  short  time  after 
frozen  to  death.  It  created  a  great  deal  of  excitement  in  the  neigh- 
borhood, but  like  such  things  to-day,  had  no  influence,  as  whisky 
continued  to  be  made  and  drunk  just  the  same." 


CIIAPTER  XLIY. 
MORRIS  TOWNSHIP. 


MiLLiKEN  —  First  Court  House  —  Nineveh — Beulah  Church — 
Methodist  Church — Unity  Church — Carl  Brothers  Mur- 
dered, 

ROBERT  MILLIKEN  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1772,  and  died  in 
1865.  He  was  one  of  the  early  commissioners  of  Greene 
County,  and  was  the  first  Justice  of  the  Peace  of  Morris  Township. 
He  built  a  liouse  on  the  site  of  Waynesburg,  where  John  Buchanan's 
house  stands,  about  the  year  1798.  He  was  a  brick  moulder  by 
trade,  and  ])uilt  the  first  brick  Court  House  in  Greene  County  in  the 
year  1800.  To  this  time  courts  had  been  held  in  the  house  since 
occupied  by  Charles   S.  Ilickey.     He  married  Mary,  a  daughter  of 


HISTORY    OF    GREEKIC    COUNTY.  529 

David  Gray,  lie  afterwards  owned  tlie  farm  on  Erown's  Fork,  Mor- 
ris Township,  now  owned  by  his  sou,  James  Milliken.  Mrs.  Mary 
Milliken  was  one  of  two  children  that  made  the  midnight  flight  to 
Jackson's  fort,  elsewhere  mentioned. 

The  principal  village  in  this  township  bears  the  bible  name  of 
Nineveh,  pleasantly  located  on  Brown's  Fork  of  Ten-Mile  Creek. 
William  Day  purchased  a  small  plot  of  ground  on  wliich  the  villao-e 
is  located  as  late  as  1845,  and  having  erected  a  small  house,  his  son 
Francis  opened  a  store  therein.  Mr.  Day  laid  out  streets  throuo-h 
his  plot  of  ground  and  soon  a  number  of  dwellings  were  erected.  In 
1850  a  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church  was  built,  which  was 
thoroughly  repaired  and  modernized  in  1881.  The  place  has  become 
of  considerable  importance  as  a  business  center,  being  in  the  midst 
of  a  line  agricultural  section.  A  wagon  shop  is  reputed  to  turn  out 
excellent  work.     It  has  a  substantial  brick  school  building. 

The  Bates'  Fork  Baptist  Church  is  located  near  Sycamore  Sta- 
tion on  the  Waynesburg  railroad  close  to  the  border  of  Washington 
Township.  It  was  organized  on  the  29th  of  December,  1842,  by 
Revs.  Isaac  Fettit,  Levi  Griffith,  William  Woods  and  Thomas  Bich- 
ards.  Fifty-one  members  were  received  by  letter.  Lewis  Ivetchum, 
Thomas  Taylor  and  John  Pettit  were  chosen  deacons.  The  following 
named  persons  have  officiated  as  pastors,  as  shown  by  its  records: 
Elders  Pettit,  Sigfried,  Pool,  Ellis,  Richards,  Camonson,  Charles  Til- 
ton,  Parcell,  Rossell,  Scott,  Morgan  and  Tilton. 

The  Beulah  Baptist  Church  is  located  on  the  water-shed  which 
divides  the  basins  of  Ten-Mile  and  Wheeling  creeks,  near  the  Wash- 
ington County  line.  The  meetings  were  first  held  at  the  house  of 
LcM'is  Ketchum  as  early  as  1823.  Elder  Isaac  Pettit  was  one  of  the 
early  laborers,  though  for  several  years  preaching  was  had  only  occa- 
sionally, and  sometimes  at  long  intervals.  In  1843  Elder  Trevor 
Richards  commenced  preaching  once  a  month  at  the  school-house 
near  by.  Soon  afterwards  a  cliurch  organization  was  eflected.  Elders 
Pettit,  Brown  and  Richards  officiating  on  the  occasion,  and  a  house 
of  worship  was  built.  The  following  named  persons  have  officiated 
as  pastors  or  supply:  Elders  Trevor  Richards,  John  Thomas,  Will- 
iam Whitehead,  Charles  Tilton,  Caleb  Rossel,  S.  L.  Parcell,  Job 
Rossel,  II.  K.  Craig,  W.  F.  Burwell,  Pat  ton,  C.  Flaven.  The  church 
has  been  weakened  from  time  to  time  by  withdrawals  to  found  other 
churches  and  to  unite  with  other  organizations. 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Nineveh.  Greene  County,  Pa., 
was  organized  January  31,  1881,  with  five  members,  viz.:  W.  S. 
Throckmorton  M.  D.,  and  wife;  John  Vancleve  and  wife,  and  Edward 
McYey.  During  the  preceding  summer  the  first  church  building 
was  erected.       The   society  then  organized  was  in  the  Waynesburg 


530  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

circuit,  Pittsburg  Conference,  Rev.  W.  D.    Sleas,  pastor,  witli  Rev. 
Geo.  11.  llult'mau  us  his  colleague. 

The  society  at  once  began  to  exercise  a  marked  iniiuence  on  tlie 
community,  so  that  at  the  close  of  the  first  year  a  membership  of 
sixty-five  had  been  gathered  into  the  church. 

Rev.  E.  S.  White  succeeded  to  the  pastorate,  and  during  liis  term 
a  new  charge  was  formed,  composed  of  Nineveh  and  Hopewell,  a 
society  that  had  been  organized  perhaps  sixty  years  before. 

On  December  21),  1883,  the  beautiful  little  church  building  at 
JNineveh  was  entirely  consumed  by  fire,  and  but  for  the  faith,  courage 
and  liberality  of  Dr.  Throckmorton  and  his  devoted  wife  this  grow- 
ing and  promising  society  innst  have  been  blotted  out.  On  the  next 
day,  Sunday  Dec.  30,  the  Quarterly  Conference  was  reconvened  and 
resolved  to  i-ebuild.  The  same  building  committee  was  reappointed 
and  the  work  began  at  once. 

On  Monday  the  smoking  debris  was  cleared  away  and  preparatory 
work  for  rebuilding  was  vigorously  begun. 

On  Sunday  Sept.  21,  1881,  the  new  church  building,  superior  in 
every  respect  to  the  one  it  has  replaced,  was  dedicated. 

During  the  time  of  its  erection,  one  of  the  most  commodious, 
convenient  and  comfortable  parsonages,  within  the  bounds  of  the 
conference,  was  also  erected  by  the  charge  on  a  beautiful  lot  adjoin- 
ing the  church. 

Rev.  R.  S.  Ross  succeeded  to  the  pastorate,  and  during  his  term 
of  three  years,  provision  was  made  for  the  liquidation  of  all  debts 
against  the  church  and  parsonage,  and  the  membership  grew  to  one 
hundred  and  twenty.  In  all  departments  of  church  work  the  society 
has  prospered  while  it  has  gained  proportionately  in  temporal  things. 
At  present  (1888)  the  charge  is  under  the  pastoral  care  of  Rev.  N.  P. 
Kerr. 

The  Unity  Presbyterian  Church  at  Harvey's,  Greene  County,  was 
organized  in  1814.  In  the  spring  of  that  year  the  Presbytery  ap- 
pointed a  committee  consisting  of  Rev.  John  Anderson  and  Rev. 
Joseph  Stevenson  to  organize  a  church  here.  Among  those  of  Presby- 
terian faith  who  had  settled  in  this  neighborhood  was  Francis  Brad- 
dock  who  came  in  1805  and  occupied  the  farm  now  held  by  his  son, 
J.  H.  Braddock.  In  1812  Moses  and  Thomas  Dinsmore  came  and 
secured  lands  where  their  descendants  now  live. 

The  committee  appointed  by  the  Presbytery  met  on  August  27, 
1814,  at  the  house  of  David  Gray,  now  occupied  by  Mrs.  McClelland, 
where  after  holding  religious  service  the  Church  of  Unity  was  formed. 
The  ruling  elders  ordained  and  installed  were  David  Gray,  Jacob 
Rickey,  Francis  Braddock  and  Moses  Dinsmore.  The  families  of 
Messrs.  Dodd,  Holden  and  Kent  were  also  represented  in  the  organ- 
ization.      Supplies  were  appointed  by   Presbytery  who  came   about 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY,  531 

six  times  a  year  and  received  from  two  to  live  dollars  per  Sabbath  for 
their  services.  The  Sacrament  of  the  Lord's  supper  was  usuall}^  ad- 
ministered in  autumn  when  the  roads  were  good.  The  names  of 
some  of  those  who  came  as  supplies  were  Rev.  John  xVnderson, 
Joseph  Stevenson,  James  llervey,  David  Ilervey,  lieed,  Marquis, 
Dodd,  McCurdy,  Mercer,  Moore,  Wylie  and  Patterson. 

In  1828  the  churches  of  Wolf  Kun  and  Unity  united  in  calling 
Kev.  A.  Leonard  as  stated  supply,  and  he  was  succeeded  in  1831  by 
Rev.  "W.  D.  Smith,  in  1831  by  liev,  Samuel  Moody,  and  in  1835  by  the 
unfortunate  Rev.  John  Knox.  Several  young  men  licensed  by  the 
Presbytery  of  Washington  supplied  for  limited  periods.  Hev.  James 
Fleming  preached  for  a  time  in  1839,  and  afterwards  occasional  sup- 
plies until  1842  when  the  congregations  of  Unity  and  Wolf  Run 
settled  and  installed  Rev.  John  Whittim,  M'ho  was  succeeded  in  1841 
by  Rev.  Alexander  McCarrell.  Upon  the  establishment  of  a  Presby- 
terian Church  at  Wavnesburc;,  the  two  churches  united  in  calliiio- 
pastors  who  served  half  time  at  each  place,  Messrs.  McCarrell,  Ros- 
borough,  Ccilhoun  and  Miller  in  succession  having  charge  of  these 
flocks.  Li  1854  Rev.  Samuel  Jeffrey  became  pastor  and  served 
faithfully  till  his  death  in  1859.  The  Rev.  J.  A.  Ewing,  Rev.  William 
Jeftrey,  Rev.  William  Ilanna  and  Rev.  William  S.  Vancleve  served 
in  succession  from  1860  to  1867.  At  this  time  the  church  at  Waynes- 
burg  engaged  the  entire  time  of  a  pastor  and  Unity  was  without  a 
stated  supply.  The  Rev.  Samuel  Graham  became  pastor  in  Decem- 
ber, 1869,  conducting  a  select  school  at  the  same  time  at  Jackson- 
ville. In  1872  Rev.  J,  J3.  Stevenson  supplied  it  until  1875.  Rev. 
Robert  P.  Farrar  in  the  following  year  served  Unity  in  connection 
with  the  church  of  Cameron.  Fie  was  succeeded  hy  the  Rev.  Samuel 
Graham,  who  in  addition  to  the  pastoral  work  has  a  select  school  at 
Graysville,  and  is  still  officiating  (1888). 

For  many  years  the  congregation  worshipped  in  a  log  school- 
house  which  stood  below  the  old  grave-yard.  A  frame  structure 
45x50  was  erected  at  a  cost  of  $700.  Francis  Braddock,  senior, 
donated  the  ground  and  contributed  liberally  to  the  building  fund. 
In  1880,  after  forty  years  of  service,  this  house  was  destroyed  by  tire, 
and  a  new  edifice  was  erected  at  Graysville  to  take  its  place.  It  is 
34x54  feet  and  17  feet  to  ceiling  and  was  built  at  a  cost  of  $2,250. 
It  was  dedicated  on  the  20th  of  June,  1880,  the  Rev.  Joseph  S.  Brad- 
dock  preaching  the  dedicatory  sermon.  The  Sabbath-school  con- 
nected with  this  church  was  established  in  the  days  of  the  old  log 
school-house,  and  Francis  Braddock,  senior,  was  the  lirst  Superin- 
tendant.     It  has  done  efficient  work  ever  since. 

The  church  has  been  the  nursery  whence  has  gone  forth  a  number 
of  able  heralds  of  the  cross.  Of  the  family  of  Francis  Braddock, 
senior,  three— Francis,  Cyrus  and  Joseph,  became   ministers,  and  of 

27 


532  HISTORY    OF    GREENE   COUNTY. 

• 
the  sons  ot  Moses  Dinsinore,  six — llobert  S.,  Francis  13.,  Thomas  II., 
John,  Moses  and  William,  studied  for  the  ministry.  The  Session 
having  been  reduced  in  1837  to  one  member,  the  congregation  elected 
four  additional  members,  A.  C.  Kickey,  Francis  Braddock,  Jr., 
Obadiah  Vancleve  and  Thomas  Dinsmore.  By  removals  and  death 
the  Session  had  again  become  weakened,  Francis  Braddock,  senior, 
after  a  long  and  devoted  life  having  been  called  home,  and  in  185G 
the  following  were  elected:  William  Loughridge,  David  Braddock, 
John  Carter  and  John  Reed.  Thomas  Dinsmore,  at  the  age  of 
eighty-six,William  Loughridge,  at  the  age  of  ninety-live,  and  A  braham 
0.  Rickey,  at  the  age  of  seventy-seven,  fatliers.in  Israel,  were  removed 
by  death.  On  the  7th  of  July,  J.  H.  Braddock,  Hamilton  Teagarden 
and  Daniel  Clutter  were  chosen,  and  subsequently  Thomas  Henderson. 
The  church  lias  enjoyed  many  seasons  of  refreshing  from  the  Lord. 

In  the  early  days  Robert  Carl,  his  wife  and  two  small  children, 
and  his  two  brothers,  John  and  Hamilton,  dwelt  in  a  cabin  on  a 
branch  of  Wheeling  Creek  not  far  from  Beulah  Baptist  Church. 
One  night  whilst  Robert  was  away  from  home  an  alarm  of  Indians 
came  and  the  inmates  prepared  to  tlee  to  Lindley's  Fort.  At  dawn 
the  two  brothers  went  out  to  gather  dry  sticks  with  which  to  cook 
their  breakfast  when  they  were  both  shot  dead  by  Indians  lying  in 
wait.  The  mother  with  a  two-year-old  child  in  her  arms  and  leading  the 
other  four-years-old  by  the'hand,  escaped  from  the  house  into  a  dense 
field  of  corn  and  succeeded  in  eluding  the  wily  savages.  In  attempt- 
ing to  enter  the  cabin  the  Indians  were  met  by  a  furious  bitch  which 
had  a  litter  of  pups  under  the  bed  and  so  much  time  elapsed  before 
she  could  be  put  out  of  the  way  that  the  mother  with  her  precious 
charge  escaped.  The  murdered  brothers  were  scalped,  the  cabin  pil- 
laged, even  to  the  destruction  of  the  feather-beds.  The  mother  made 
her  way  to  Lindley's  Fort  some  ten  miles  away,  where  not  many  days 
after  she  gave  birth  to  another  child. 

"  There  is  another  tradition,"  says  Evans,  "  that  on  Crab  Apple 
Run  there  lived  in  the  troublous  days,  on  lands  now  owned  by  David 
G.  Braddock,  a  family  by  the  name  of  Hume.  This  family  consisted 
of  father,  mother  and  five  or  six  children.  The  murderous  savages 
came  one  day,  and  without  a  moment's  warning  massacred  in  cold 
blood  fehe  entire  family,  a  deed  of  horror  that  could  not  be  surpassed. 
In  this  same  general  neighborhood  at  various  times  Indians  slaughtered 
a  family  by  the  name  of  Mclntyre,  one  by  the  name  of  Beeham,  one 
by  the  name  of  Link,  another  by  the  name  of  Mcintosh,  a  Mrs. 
Nancy  Ross,  and  tomahawked  and  scalped  two  Beekman  boys,  and 
committed  many  other  depredations,  the  traditions  of  whicli  have 
become  so  dim  by  the  erasure  of  time  that  I  have  been  unable  to 
elicit  sufiicient  particulars  to  justify  an  attempt  at  relating  them." 


iriSTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  533 


CHAPTER  XLV. 
PERRY     township: 

Surface — Soil — Productions — Boundaries  —  Mount  Morris  —  In- 
telligence— Schools — Directors — Jeremiah  Glassgow — Per- 
.soNAL  Contest — First  Settler — War  Paths. 

I^HIS  township  is  situated  in  the  southern  part  of  the  county.  Its 
surface  is  broken,  and  along  the  streams  precipitous,  the  rocky- 
strata  that  underlies  the  soil  being  exposed  to  view,  piled  in  massive 
layers  one  above  another,  often  overhanging  the  foliage  below,  along 
which  the  road  winds  in  seeming  dangerous  proximity  to  the  clilf. 
But  notwithstanding  the  immensity  of  the  hills,  the  soil  is  fertile  and 
produces  abundant  crops  of  corn,  wheat,  rye,  oats,  potatoes,  and  roots 
on  which  sheep  and  cattle  are  fed.  The  broken  and  untillable  por- 
tions are  covered  with  heavy  growths  of  line  timber,  thus  covering 
up  the  deformities  of  nature  and  making  every  part  picturesque  and 
beautiful.  The  township  is  well  watered  by  JJunkard  Creek  and  its 
numerous  tributaries.  There  are  portions  of  the  territory  which  have 
never  been  improved,  being  still  covered  by  forest;  but  the  greater 
portion  is  under  a  good  state  of  cultivation,  and  fine  breeds  of  sheep, 
cattle,  horses  and  swine  are  everywhere  noticeable.  The  township  is 
bounded  on  the  north  by  Whiteley,  on  the  east  by  Dunkard,  on  the 
south  by  Mason  and  Dixon's  line,  and  west  by  Wayne. 

At  the  southeast  corner  of  the  township,  on  the  right  bank  of 
Dunkard  Creek,  bordered  by  towering  hills,  is  the  pleasant  village  of 
Mount  Morris.  It  is  regularly  laid  out,  and  has  an  air  of  prosperity, 
though  its  growth  has  for  some  time  been  impeded  by  a  number  of 
causes  wliicli  now  fortunately  seem  to  be  passing  away,  and  an  era  of 
prosperity  appears  to  be  opening  before  it.  The  village  has  always 
been  noted  for  the  intelligence  and  pul)lic  spirit  of  its  people,  and 
here  was  established  one  of  the  earliest  graded  schools  in  the  county. 
Secretary  Black's  report  in  1854:  gives  this  township  eight  schools 
with  220  pupils,  and  Mount  Morris  one  schoi)l  with  seventy-five 
pupils.  The  report  of  1887  gives  the  township  ten  schools  with  836 
pupils,  and  Mount  Morris  two  schools  and  ninety-two  pupils,  thus 
showing  a  marked  increase.  The  report  of  1859  says:  "Mount  Mor- 
ris has  one  school.  The  directors  of  this  district  manifest  a  determi- 
nation and  active  zeal  in  the  work  of  educational  reform  worthy  the 


A\- 


^  ' 


f 


f 


534  HisTOEY  OF  gre:^ne  county. 

noble  cause  in  wliicli  tliey  are  engaged.  This  school  stands  number 
one."  The  directors  of  the  township  for  the  current  year  are:  Perry 
Fox,  President;  Z.  T.  Shultz,  Secretary;  G.  W.  Head  ley,  David  Fox, 
Isaac  Cowell,  J.  K.  Headley;  and  of  Mount  Morris,  Dr.  M.  N. 
Reamei',  President;  D.  L.  Donley,  Secretary;  J.  II.  Barrack,  Dr. 
Hatfield,  John  W.  Maxim,  M.  C.  Monroe. 

About  the  year  1765,  Jeremiah  Glassgow,  who  had  been  the  com- 
panion of  John  Minor  in  settling  at  Redstone,  hoping  to  better  his 
condition,  crossed  the  Monongahela  and  traveled  through  the  forests 
and  thickets  which  cumbered  all  the  valley  of  this  placid  stream, 
\  until  he  came  to  the  neighborhood  of  Mount  Morris,  in  what  is  now 
Perry  Township.  On  the  goodly  lands  which  here  border  Dunkard 
Creek  he  selected  as  pleased  his  fancy,  and  toilsomely  blazed  his 
tract.  At  winter  time  he  returned  to  his  former  home  in  Maryland. 
On  returning  in  the  spring  he  found  tliat  a  giant  of  the  forest  by  the 
name  of  Scott  had,  in  his  absence,  taken  possession  of  his  tract,  and 
would  not  be  persuaded  to  give  it  up  to  the  rightful,  or  rather 
original,  claimant.  Who  was  the  rightful  owner  was  yet  to  be  deter- 
mined, not  by  the  Marquis  of  Queensbury  rules,  but  by  those  of  the 
backwoodsman.  It  was  accordingly  agreed  that  the  two  should  light 
for  possession,  and  he  who  proved  himself  the  better  man  should 
have  it.  Accordingly  Glassgow  chose  his  friend  John  Minor,  who 
had  accompanied  him  from  Redstone  and  had  taken  lands  at  Maple- 
town,  as  liis  second,  or  best  friend,  and  the  contestants  stripped  for 
the  trial.  Glassgow  was  much  the  smaller  man,  though  well  built. 
In  the  first  encounters  Glassgow  was  worsted;  but  practicing  wily 
tactics,  in  which  lie  seems  to  have  been  skilled,  he  grappled  with  his 
antagonist  and  threw  him  heavily  to  the  ground.  The  giant  was 
soon  up,  but  no  sooner  up  than  he  was  again  tripped  and  came 
heavily  to  the  ground.  This  was  repeatedly  practiced  until  the  big 
man  found  himself  so  bruised  and  exhausted  that  he  could  not  shake 
off  his  assailant.  Glassgow  was  now  easily  able  to  give  him  all  the 
punishment  he  desired,  and  when  he  called  for  a  cessation  of  the  bat- 
tle, the  two  arose,  shook  hands  and  agreed  that  the  land  belonged  to 
Glassgow.  Thus  in  true  Iloratian  and  Curatian  style  was  the  dispute 
settled,  and  Glassgow  held  the  ground  which  his  blood  had  moistened. 
Disputes  like  these  were  not  unusual  in  those  early  days  of  settle- 
ment, and  we  may -learn  by  this  example  how  the  land  was  originally 
acquired. 

Glassgow  was  undoubtedly  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  who  came 
to  stay  and  cultivate  his  lands,  in  the  county,  and  it  was  the  grit  dis- 
played in  this  contest  which  enabled  him  to  face  all  the  difficulties 
and  dangers  wliich  were  the  lot  of  the  pioneers  after  the  defeat  of 
Braddock.  As  the  great  war-path  of  the  natives  passed  through  this 
township,  the  inhabitants  were  exposed  to  their  cruelties. 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  535 

"The  great  Catawba  M'ar-patli,""  says  Mr.  Evans,  "entered  Fayette 
County  from  the  south  at  the  mouth  of  Grassy  Run,  thence  north- 
ward to  Ashcroft,  on  Mrs.  Evans  Wilson's  land,  by  Rev.  William 
Brownfield's,  through  Uniontown,  through  Col.  Samuel  Evans'  high- 
lands, past  Fearse's  fort,  a  little  west  of  Mt.  Braddock  house,  to 
Opossum  Run,  down  it  to  the  Youghiogheny,  crossing  where  Brad- 
dock's  army  crossed,  thence  by  the  Feunsville  Baptist  Church,  thence 
by  Tintsmon's  mill  on  Jacob's  Creek,  thence  on  through  Westmore- 
land and  Armstrong  counties,  and  on  up  the  Alleghany  to  its  source, 
and  over  on  the  headwaters  of  the  Susquehanna  into  western  New 
York,  the  grand  realm  of  the  mighty  Six  Nations. 

"The  warrior  branch  of  this  vast  trail  left  the  Ohio  River  at  the 
mouth  of  Fish  Creek,  up  which  it  followed  to  its  very  source.  It 
then  crossed  over  on  to  the  waters  of  Dunkard  Creek,  and  followed 
this  water-course  to  its  contiuence  with  the  Monongahela,  making  an 
intersection  with  the  Catawba  line  in  Springhill  Township,  Fayette 
County.  But  the  warrior  branch  was  not  absorbed,  but  kept  on  by 
Crow's  mill,  and  bearing  towards  the  mouth  of  Redstone  Creek, 
joined  the  old  Redstone  trail  near  Grace  Church,  on  the  national 
pike.''  Mason  and  Dixon  were  stopped  in  their  survey  in  November, 
1767,  at  a  point  in  Wayne  Township,  where  these  two  paths  cross. 


CHAPTER  XLVL 
RICHHILL  TOWNSHIP. 


N  AME  Significant —  Gkaysvili.e — Jacksonville — Thomas  Leepek — 
Cameron  Station — Ryerson's  Fort — Old  Sea  Captain 
Searches  for  His  Town- — Fort — The  Davis  Massacre — Daaid 
Gray — Braddocks — Abner  Bkaddock  Drowned — The  Tea- 
gardens — Jacob  Crow — Headless  Hunter — Massacre  of 
Three  Sisters — Return  of  the  Murderer — Schools — Di- 
rectors. 

rillllS  township  undoubtedly  takes  its  name  from  the  characteristics 
JL  of  its  surface,  for  it  is  one  stretch  of  hills  throughout  its  broad 
domain,  and  the  soil  is  everywhere  deep  and  rich.  This  section 
earlv  assumed  importance  from  its  being  on  the  direct  trail  from 
Wheeling  to  the  Muskingum    country,   down  Ten  Mile  Creek  to 


536  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COU  N^TY. 

Braddock's  road,  and  was  frequented  from  the  earliest  times  by  the 
savages,  and  later  by  droves  of  cattle,  sheep  and  swine  on  their  way 
eastward.  Graysville  is  quite  a  thriving  little  village  situated  on 
the  Waj'uesburg  and  Wheeling  road  thirteen  miles  from  Waynes- 
burjr  and  three  and  a  half  miles  from  Jacksonville.  James  Mc- 
Lellan  built  a  brick  store  here,  which  was  occupied  by  Garret  Garri- 
son, subsequently  by  James  W.  Hays,  and  at  present  by  Smith 
Brothers.  Jacobs  and  Hardy  are  just  opening  a  place  of  business 
here,  April,  1888.  The  United  Presbyterians  have  a  line  church 
edifice,  where  the  llev.  Samuel  Graham  ministers,  and  has  a  school 
of  high  grade.  The  postottice  is  known  as  Harvey's.  Jacksonville, 
near  the  center  of  the  township,  is  located  on  a  pleasant  elevation 
known  as  Elk  llidge,  the  postottice  having  the  suggestive  name  of 
AV^indridge.  The  tract  was  originally  ac(piired  by  Thomas  Leeper, 
his  patent  bearing  date  of  February  15,  1798,  issued  by  the  State  of 
Pennsylvania.  liobert  Brister  bought  the  land  where  the  village  is 
now  located  and  surveyed  and  laid  out  the  plot  of  the  town.  Will- 
iam Super  had  a  hotel  here  forty-four  years  ago,  and  Bryan  and 
Tupper  have  succeeded  in  business.  Daniel  Walton,  Garret  Garri- 
son and  Charles  Pettit  have  carried  on  trade  at  successive  periods. 
Sowers  and  Drake  and  A.  J.  Goodman  now  do  a  prosperous  busi- 
ness. The  Cumberland  Presbyterian  and  Methodist  Episcopal 
churches  have  commodious  places  of  worship.  Masonic  Hall  and 
Odd  Fellows  Hall  are  pretentious  structures,  the  former  bearing  the 
name  of  George  Connell,  once  a  leader  in  the  Pennsylvania  Senate, 
conspicuously  displayed  upon  its  front.  Merchandise  is  largely 
l)rought  to  this  town  from  a  station  on  the  t>altimore  &  Ohio  Pail- 
road. 

Ryerson  Station,  once  the  site  ot  an  important  rallying  point  in 
times  of  danger  known  as  Ryerson's  Fort,  is  situated  on  the  great 
Indian  war-path  leading  across  from  the  Ohio  River  to  the  Mononga- 
hela,  at  the  confluence  of  the  north  and  south  forks  of  Dunkard 
branch  of  Wheeling  Creek — a  fine  stretch  of  valley  with  lines  of  in- 
terminable hills  sweeping  up  on  all  sides  in  graceful  curves,  and 
covered  with  luxuriant  foliage.  So  suitable  did  it  appear  for  a  town 
that  the  original  owner,  Thomas  Ryerson,  bethought  him  to  make 
the  drawing  of  such  a  place  as  he  pictured  in  his  imagination  would 
be  a  suitable  concomitant  to  such  a  location,  and  taking  it  to  Phila- 
delphia, sold  out  his  would-be  city  for  a  reality,  to  an  old  sea  captain 
by  the  name  of  Connell,  father  of  the  late  George  Connell.  Great 
■was  the  astonishment  of  the  purchaser  of  this  city  on  paper  to  find 
only  a  few  huts  at  the  forks  of  two  wild  streams,  the  ground  not  even 
cleared  of  the  trees  and  bushes,  and  the  dense,  primeval  forest  resting 
on  all  the  hills. 

It  was  recognized  from  the  very  first  as  an   important  strategic 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  537 

point  of  defence  for  the  settlers  against  the  incursion  of  hostile  In- 
dians from  their  villages  across  the  Ohio.  Here  the  authorities  of 
Virginia  had  a  fort  built,  to  the  defence  of  which  Cajitain  James 
Seals  was  sent,  having  in  his  company  the  grandfather,  father  and 
uncles  of  Isaac  Teagarden,  and  Thomas  Lazear,  father  of  Hon.  Isaac 
Lazear. 

"About  the  year  1790,"  says  Evans,  "a  family  by  name  of  Davis 
resided  on  the  north  branch  of  Dunkard  "Wheeling  Creek,  about  three 
miles  above  Ryerson  Station,  and  a  short  distance  below  Stall's  or 
Kinkaid's  mill.  The  family,  with  the  exception  of  one  fortunate  lad 
who  had  been  sent  to  drive  up  the  horses,  were  seated  around  the 
breakfast  table,  partaking  of  an  humble  but  substantial  repast.  Sud- 
denly a  party  of  warrior  savages  appeared  at  the  cabin  door.  The 
old  man  and  his  two  sons  sprang  up  as  by  instinct  to  reach  for  their 
guns  which  hung  on  convenient  pegs  l)y  the  cabin  wall;  but  the  de- 
sign was  detected  by  the  Indians,  who  instantly  shot  the  three  dead 
on  the  spot.  After  scalping  the  victims,  despatching  the  breakfast 
and  pillaging  the  premises,  they  made  captive  the  mother  and  only 
daughter,  and  departed  on  their  way  up  the  ci'cek.  The  boy  managed 
to  elude  them,  and  escaped  unharmed.  It  appears  that  they  captured 
a  horse.  One  of  the  Indians  mounted  it,  and  taking  the  girl  before 
him,  and  the  woman  behind  him,  was  traveling  gayly  along.  How- 
ever, they  had  not  proceeded  far  when  a  shot  from  the  rifle  of  John 
Henderson,  who  lay  concealed  in  an  adjoining  thicket,  knocked  the 
jolly  savage  off.  But  whether  the  wound  was  fatal  or  not,  Henderson 
did  not  remain  to  find  out.  He  had  to  provide  himself  safety  from 
the  infuriated  savages."  Some  time  after  the  decaying  body  of  the 
daughter  was  found,  but  no  trace  of  the  mother  was  ever  discovered. 
The  mutilated  bodies  of  the  slain  were  buried  near  the  cabin,  and 
their  graves  are  still  marked.  The  skeleton  remains  of  an  Indian 
were  afterwards  found,  supposed  to  have  been  the  savage  shot  by 
Henderson. 

David  Gray  settled  on  the  Ephraim  McClelland  farm,  a  short  dis-- 
tance  east  of  what  is  now  known  as  the  Brick  Tavern  at  Graysville. 
Upon  one  occasion  the  dreaded  savage  having  made  his  appearance 
in  that  vicinity,  Mr.  Gray  with  his  wife,  each  with  a  child  to  carry, 
abandoned  their  home  in  the  nicrht  and  fled,  the  wife  and  two  chil- 
dren  on  horseback,  himself  on  foot,  all  the  way  to  Jackson's  fort,  a 
distance  of  about  fifteen  miles.  He  was  one  of  the  commissioners  to 
locate  and  plat  the  town  of  Waynesburg  for  a  county  seat,  and  was 
appointed  one  of  the  first  associate  judges.  lie  was  appointed  a 
justice  of  the  peace  for  Richhill  in  April,  1792,  while  yet  a  part  of 
Washington  County. 

Anna  Gray,  one  of  the  daughters  of  Judge  David  Gray,  married 
Frank  Braddock  and  had  a  family  of  five  sons — Harvey,  David,  Frank, 


538  TiiSTOTiY  oy  giieene  county. 

Joseph  and  Green,  the  three  last  becoming  quite  eminent  Presbyterian 
ministers.  Abner  Braddock,  a  brother  of  Francis,  was  an  Indian 
scout,  and  settled  on  Crabapple  Itun,  where  David  Braddock  now 
lives.  He  went  on  an  expedition  against  the  Indians  beyond  the 
Ohio  River.  On  returning  his  comrades  arrived  at  the  right  bank 
of  the  river,  and  began  the  construction  of  a  raft  on  which  to  cross. 
Being  an  expert  swimmer  and  not  desiring  to  wait  for  its  completion, 
he  placed  his  clothes  and  gun  on  a  slight  support,  and  plunged  in, 
pushing  it  before  him.  Near  the  middle  of  tlie  stream  he  was  seen 
to  leave  his  raft  and  pass  on  down  the  current;  soon  he  disappeared 
beneath  the  surface  and  was  seen  no  more.  Among  the  scouts  who 
witnessed  his  deatli  were  Sliadrach  Mitchel,  James  Brownlee  and 
William  Gaston.  John  Gray  was  a  brother  of  Judge  David  Gray, 
and  Matthew  was  one  of  the  scouts  with  Abner  Braddock,  and  one 
ofCapt.  James  Seals'  soldiers.  He  had  two  sons,  William  and  John. 
The  latter  is  still  living  in  Bichhill  Township. 

William  Teagarden  sold  his  possessions  on  the  Monongahela,  but 
receiving  his  price  in  Continental  scrip  (the  inflation  currency  of 
that  day),  it  fell  as  flat  on  his  hands  as  Confederate  legal-tenders  after 
Sherman's  march  to  the  sea.  Financially  he  was  ruined.  His  home 
was  gone,  his  money  of  no  value,  but  his  spirit  was  undaunted,  and 
he  began  life  anew  by  again  braving  the  untried  forest.  Exploring 
the  country  inland,  he  made  another  tomahawk  improvement  on 
Wheeling  waters,  near  liyerson  Station,  to  which  he  removed. 
Here  he  remained  the  remnant  of  his  many  days,  and  reared  liis 
large  and  thrifty  family.  Here  he  experienced  many  a  hardship, 
witnessed  many  a  sad  scene  in  murdered  friends,  and  made  many  a 
hair-breadth  escape.  Here  he  and  tM'o  of  his  boys,  Abraham  and 
Isaac,  enlisted  in  Capt.  James  Seals'  company,  and  served  honorably 
under  Gen.  Anthony  Wayne  in  his  eventful  but  successful  campaigns 
against  the  hostile  tribes.  Capt.  Seals  and  his  brave  company  ren- 
dezvoused for  some  time  at  Ryerson  Station,  and  afforded  security 
to  the  much  harrassed  settlements  in  that  vicinity. 

The  entire  life  of  that  generation  of  Teagardens  was  a  continual 
warfare.  They  were  soldiers  from  tlie  cradle  to  the  grave.  Con- 
stantly on  the  frontier,  which  Avas  either  in  a  state  of  defence  or 
engaged  in  actual  vigorous  warfare  in  repelling  a  most  blood-thirsty 
invader,  they  lived  at  a  time  that  tried  men's  souls,  and  endured 
hardships  and  braved  dangers  almost  beyond  belief.  Isaac  Teagarden 
inherited  the  spirit  of  his  forefathers,  and  though  superannnated 
long  ere  the  war  of  the  Rebellion  broke  out,  he  enlisted  in  the' Eighty- 
fifth  regiment  and  served  honorably  throughout  the  long  and  terrible 
years  of  that  civil  war. 

In  1769  Jacob  Crow,  a  German,  settled  near  where  subse- 
quently   Crow's    Mill  was    built,    sonie  five    miles    below    Ryerson 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  539 

Station.  Michael,  liis  youngest  son,  was  but  tliree  weeks  old  when 
lie  came,  but  Martin,  Fred  and  John,  older  boys,  were  also  of  the 
family.  He  was  a  thrifty  farmer,  and  gradually  added  tract  after 
tract  until  he  oAvned  a  beautiful  and  valuable  domain.  While  the 
Crow  family  was  thus  living  in  the  seclusion  of  this  delectable  val- 
ley, two  men,  whose  names  have  not  been  preserved,  came  in  and 
established  a  hunting  camp  two  and  a  half  miles  below  Crow's  cabin, 
on  lands  now  owned  by  the  Ilarshes.  Here  the  two  were  surprised 
by  the  Indians  and  one  of  them  killed.  The  other  made  his  escape 
and  roused  the  settlers.  On  returning  to  the  camp,  they  were  horri- 
fied to  find  that  the  head  of  the  murdered  man  had  been  cut  off,  and 
the  most  diligent  search  failed  to  disclose  the  place  of  its  conceal- 
ment. On  the  following  winter  while  Jacob  Crow  was  drawing 
wood  in  this  vicinity,  what  was  his  astonishment  and  horror  to  find, 
when  arrived  at  his  destination,  that  a  man's  head  was  caught  fast  in 
the  hook  of  his  log  chain.  The  chain  left  dragging  through  the 
leaves  had  caught  firmly  in  the  under  jaw — a  ghastly  spectacle.  In 
this  visit  to  the  camp  for  the  burial  of  the  dead,  and  pursuit  of  the 
Indians,  two  of  the  sons  of  Jacob  Crow,  Fred  and  Martin,  joined, 
leading  their  little  brother  Michael.  Thinking  the  tramp  too  long 
for  him  they  left  him  at  a  vacant  cabin  intending  soon  to  return. 
But  for  three  days  he  was  left  alone,  a  faithful  dog  keeping  him 
company. 

On  the  first  day  of  May,  1791,  four  daughters  of  Jacob  Crow, 
Elizabeth,  Susanna,  Katharine  and  Christina,  from  ten  to  sixteen 
years  of  age,  started  out  on  a  pleasure  excursion  to  visit  the  family 
of  Thomas  Lazear,  then  living  on  lands  now  owned  by  Thomas  Gray. 
Proceeding  leisurely  along  the  creek,  they  discovered  a  shad-bellied 
snake,  which,  having  disabled,  they  were  teasing.  While  thus  en- 
p-aeed  their  brother  Michael  came  ridino;  down  the  creek,  and  called 
to  the  youngest  to  mount  behind  him  and  ride  home;  but  this  she 
declined  to  do,  and  he  rode  away.  Scarcely  had  he  gone,  when  two 
hideous  savages,  and  a  heartless  renegade  white  man,  by  the  name 
of  Spicer,  darted  out  from  their  covert,  and  motioned  the  girls  to 
silence.  Hurrying  them  away  np  the  rugged  hillside  to  a  dark 
ravine  they  were  made  to  be  seated  upon  a  fallen  tree.  After  making 
inquiries  about  their  home  and  its  means  of  defense,  a  powerful  sav- 
age seized  a  hand  of  each  of  the  younger  girls  in  one  of  his,  and 
with  uplifted  tomahawk  prepared  to  deal  the  blow  of  death.  Chris- 
tina, by  a  sudden  movement,  released  herself  and  dashed  away.  The 
Indian  pursued,  and  gave  her  such  a  thrust  with  his  gun  as  sent  her 
headlong  down  the  declivity.  Thinking  that  she  was  dispatched,  he 
returned  to  have  a  hand  in  the  slaughter  of  the  other  three.  But 
Christina  still  lived,  and  recovering  herself,  she  saw  one  of  the  In- 
dians deal  repeated   blows  upon  Elizabeth,  felling  her  to  the  earth. 


540  HISTORY    OF    GEEENE    COUNTY. 

Cra^^ed  bj  the  appalling  siglit,  she  darted  away  to  seek  for  help. 
Taking  the  alarm,  the  families  of  the  settlers  were  hurried  off  to 
Lindley's  fort,  and  Isaac  Teagarden,  a  lad  of  ten  years,  was  mounted 
upon  a  fleet  horse  and  sent  to  Inlow's  block  house  for  help. 

"  Next  morning,"  says  Evans,  "  a  company  was  organized,  and 
repairing  to  the  place  of  death,  beheld  a  spectacle,  the  like  of  which 
only  frenzied  demons  could  have  produced.  There  lay  Betsy  and 
Susan  literally  butchered,  mangled,  dead,  scalped.  But  Katharine 
M'as  not  there.  Soon,  however,  traced  by  stains  of  blood,  she  was  dis- 
covered near  the  M^ater's  edge,  whither  she  had  crept  to  slake  her  fever- 
ish thirst.  She,  too,  had  been  hewn  down  by  the  fierce  and  infuriated 
savages,  her  scalp  torn  off,  and  left  for  dead.  Weltering  in  her  gore 
she  lay  all  that  dreary,  terrible  night,  unconscious  of  her  wretched 
state.  Next  morning,  awakened  to  consciousness  by  the  gobbling  of 
the  wild  turkeys,  she  found  herself  writhing  beneath  the  scorching 
rays  of  a  clouldless  sun,  and  almost  perishing  of  thirst.  She  was 
tenderly  removed  to  the  shadow  of  a  large  rock,  which,  but  little 
changed,  yet  remains  in  a  patch  in  a  bottom  land  a  few  rods  down  the 
creek.  Here  she  revived  somewhat,  and  faintly  related  what  little 
she  remembered  of  the  terrible  affair,  and  gently  chided  her  brother 
Michael,  saying,  'I  thought  you  would  have  come  to  me  sooner.'" 
Her  scalp  was  hitched  on  a  haw  bush  but  a  few  steps  from  the  rock, 
supposed  to  have  been  drawn  from  the  Indian's  belt  as  he  dashed 
through  in  pnrsuit  of  Christina.  The  scalp  was  fitted  into  the  place 
from  whence  it  had  been  torn,  but  the  wound  had  become  so  irritated 
that  it  would  not  again  adhere.  Katharine  survived  in  torment  for 
three  days,  when  she  was  relieved  by  death,  and  the  three  sisters 
were  buried  side  by  side,  John,  a  favorite  son,  afterwards  shared  a 
like  fate  at  the  hands  of  the  savages,  and  Jacob's  hearthstone  became 
desolate  indeed.  Christina  lived  and  became  the  wife  of  John  Mc- 
Bride.  She  preserved  her  scalp,  and  carried  the  print  of  the  muzzle 
of  the  Indian's  gun  between  her  shoulders  to  her  dying  day. 

Years  after  at  a  log-rolling  at  Jacob  Crow's,  two  strangers,  one 
an  Indian,  called  at  the  house,  and  asked  for  food.  Christina  recog- 
nized the  Indian  as  one  of  the  murderers  of  lier  sisters.  Scarcely 
had  they  left  when  her  brother  Michael  and  a  trusty  friend  pnrsued. 
They  were  tracked  to  the  neighborhood  of  Jackson's  fort,  where  the 
trail  was  lost.  The  young  men  encamped  for  the  night,  and  in  the 
morning  started  to  return.  They  had  not  gone  far  before  they  dis- 
covered the  trail  of  their  game,  leading  up  a  dark  ravine.  Following 
it  up,  their  forsaken  camp  was  soon  found.  Finding  that  the  cul- 
prits had  escaped  and  were  far  out  of  the  waj'.  Crow  and  his  com- 
panion returned  to  their  homes.  This  was  after  a  treaty  of  peace  had 
been  concluded  with  the  Indians.  Michael  Crow  was  afterwards  ap- 
prehended, on  suspicion   of  having  murdered  these  travelers.     But 


IIISTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  541 

on  proof  that  the  men  liad  snbsequently  been  seen,  he  was  released, 
though  his  neighbors  were  wont  to  darkly  hint  that  the  hunt  of 
Michael  was  not  gatneless. 

Martin  and  Frederick  Crow  were  noted  hunters,  and  fearless  In- 
dian scouts.  Michael  married  Nancy  Johnson,  and  was  the  fatlier  of 
ten  children — William,  John,  Jacob,  Michael,  Nancy,  Mary,  Eliza- 
beth, Margai'et,  Susan  and  Charlotte.  About  the  year  1845,  he  and 
his  son  Michael  built  the  popular  mills  known  as  "  Crow's  "  mills.  He 
died  in  1852,  at  the  age  of  eighty-three.  His  sons,  Michael  and 
Jacob,  now  old  men,  still  inherit  portions  of  the  original  Crow  lands. 
Michael  owns  tlie  home  farm,  upon  which  the  mill  now  stands. 
Michael  married  Sarah  Jane  Lucas,  and  has  nine  children,  among 
whom  is  John  M.  Crow,  professor  of  languages  of  AV^aynesburg 
College,  who  has  given  much  of  the  information  detailed  above. 

The  soil  of  all  this  section  is  well  watered  and  very  fertile.  The 
farm  houses  are  commodious  and  comfortable,  and  the  barns  are 
among  the  largest  and  best  planned  of  any  in  the  county.  The  town- 
ship is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Washington  County,  on  the  east  by 
Morris,  Jackson  and  Center,  on  the  south  by  Aleppo,  and  west  by 
West  Yirginia.  The  principal  streams  are  the  several  tributaries  of 
the  Dunkard  fork  of  Wheeling  Creek.  By  the  report  of  1855  Rich- 
hill  is  credited  with  eighteen  schools  and  900  pupils.  In  the  report 
of  1859  the  superintendent  says,  "The  directors  of  this  district  mani- 
fest an  interest  in  the  general  cause  of  education,  highly  commend- 
able. They  have  also  taken  considerable  care  in  selecting  comj)etent 
teachers.'"  The  directors  for  the  current  year  are:  Stephen  Knight, 
President;  N.  II.  Braddock,  Secretary;  Elias  Gribbin,  George  Mc- 
Cullougb,'^Abn€r  Phillips  and  William  Carpenter. 


l^ 


543  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 


CIIAPTEE  XLYII. 
SPRINGHILL  TOWNSHIP. 

Corner  Stone — Surface  and  Soil — New  Freeport — Isaac  J. 
Hupp — Deep  Valley — The  Crows — Massacred  by  Indians — 
Schools — Directors. 

SPRINGHILL  TOWNSHIP  is  located  in  tlie  extreme  southwest 
corner  of  Greene  County  and  consequently  of  the  State  of  Penn- 
sylvania. At  its  southwest  extremity  is  that  corner  bound  of  the 
State  that  was  so  long  soug-ht  and  contended  over  by  the  authorities 
of  Yirginia  and  Pennsylvania,  and  was  iinally  discovered  by  erect- 
ing an  observatory  and  finding  by  repeated  astronomical  observa- 
tions the  true  longitude  of  the  place.  This  method  was  adopted 
upon  the  recommendation  of  Thomas  Jefferson,  then  Governor  of 
Yirginia.  Mason  and  Dixon  had  attempted  to  find  it  by  reducing 
the  distance  over  mountains  and  down  the  valleys  to  horizontal 
measurement  after  having  found  the  length  of  a  degree  of  longitude 
at  the  parallel  of  their  line.  The  two  methods,  however,  substantially 
agreed. 

The  surface  of  this  township  is  seamed  by  the  Pennsylvania  fork 
of  Fish  Creek  and  its  tributaries,  which  drain  every  part  and  afford 
ample  power  for  mill  purposes  and  for  its  numerous  flocks  and  herds. 
The  soil  is  fertile  and  the  yields  of  grain  are  al)undant.  Though 
the  country  is  very  broken,  and  the  hills  rise  almost  to  the  propor- 
tions of  mountains,  springs  of  pure  water  are  found  even  to  their 
very  summits,  and  there  is  scarcely  a  foot  of  sterile  land  throughout 
all  its  borders.  Cattle,  sheep  and  hoi^  are  the  most  pi-ofitahle  pro- 
ducts, though  dairying  is  carried  on  to  some  extent.  Quantities  of 
hay  from  its  rich  bottom  lands  and  timber  from  the  hills  are  shipped 
away  and  afford  a  good  income. 

This  township  was  not  organized  until  1860,  and  was  taken  from 
Aleppo  and  a  part  of  Gil  more  townships.  It  is  almost  the  only 
township  in  the  county  that  has  a  regular  outline,  being  in  the  form 
ot  a  parallelogram.  It  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Aleppo,  on  the 
east  by  Gilmore,  on  the  south  by  Mason  and  Dixon's  line  which 
separates  from  West  Yirginia,  and  on  the  west  by  the  State  line 
which  separates  it  from  the  Pan  Handle  of  West  Yirginia.  New 
Freeport  is  the  most  considerable  village  in   the  township,  and  is  a 


IIISTOllY    OF    GHEKNE    COUNTY.  543 

place  of  business  and  rapidly  growing-.  Isaac  J.  Hupp,  son  of  Ever- 
liart  Hupp,  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  on  Ten  Mile  Creek,  came  to 
this  place  in  1854,  when  there  w^ere  only  three  houses  here,  one  of 
which  he  occupied,  and  kept  a  hotel.  William  Elder  had  a  small 
store.  Judge  Thompson  resided  at  AVheeling,  and  was  accustomed 
to  pass  through  here  on  his  way  to  Morgan  town  on  his  circuit.  His 
was  the  only  buggy  seen  in  tliese  parts  for  many  years.  He  was 
accustomed  to  stop  over  night  at  Hupp's.  William  P.  Iloskinson 
came  after  an  interval  and  succeeded  Elder  in  mercantile  business. 
James  Berdine,  Jackson  Barker,  Edward  Fence,  James  Styles  and 
Solomon  White  have  from  time  to  time  been  engaged  in  business 
here.  Peter  Bradley  &  Co.  are  still  engaged  in  business  here.  This 
valley  was  once  a  sugar  camp,  the  sugar  maple  being  very  prolific. 
A  Baptist  church  edilice  was  built  here  in  1850,  and  the  church  w^as 
ministered  to  by  Rev.  G.  W.  Archer.  A  new  editice  is  to  take  the 
place  of  the  old  one  this  season.  The  llev.  Joseph  Clark,  an  Eng- 
lishman, preceded  Archer  in  ministrations  to  this  church,  and  Rev. 
Morgan  Tilton  succeeded.  Deep  Valley,  a  few  miles  below  on  FisJi 
Creek,  has  a  postoffice,  and  is  a  place  of  considerable  business,  the 
steam  mills  located  there  giving  it  an  air  of  importance. 

The  quiet  hills  and  valleys  along  this  stream  at  an  early  day 
were  the  favorite  tramping  grounds  of  the  whites  as  well  as  the 
Indians. 

Sometime  in  the  year  1780  John,  Frederick  and  Martin  Crow,  ^ 
sons  of  Jacob,  who  had  settled  at  Crow's  Mill,  together  with  one 
Dickson,  went  out  on  the  waters  of  Fish  Creek  and  established  a 
camp  for  the  purpose  of  hunting  elk.  Going  out  by  twos  or  singly 
they  separated  during  the  day  and  returned  at  evening.  Fred  and 
Martin  came  in  late,  and  Fred  having  shot  a  duck,  and  observing  a 
bright  fire  in  the  camp,  thought  to  surprise  his  comrades  by  throw- 
ing the  duck  into  their  midst.  At  the  instant,  they  were  fired  on  by 
savages  concealed  near  by,  Martin  had  his  ear  shot  away,  and 
Frederick  was  shot  through  the  shoulder.  Dropping  forward,  his 
comrade  supposed  him  killed,  and  fled  for  safety.  Thinking  the 
way  was  now  clear,  Fred  pulled  some  sassafras  leaves  and  was  chew- 
ing them  in  order  to  make  a  decoction  to  apply  to  his  wound,  when, 
looking  up,  he  saw  an  Indian  levelling  his  gun  at  him.  As  if  by 
instinct  he  fell  to  the  ground  just  at  the  instant  that  the  bullet  passed 
harmless  over  him.  Both  guns  being  empty,  Fred  escaped  aci-oss 
the  creek  and  the  savage  did  not  follow.  In  the  meantime  John, 
hearing  the  firing,  ran  up  to  ascertain  the  cause,  and  was  pierced  by 
seven  bullets  aimed  at  his  heart  by  the  lurking  red  skins,  and  so 
accurate  was  the  aim  that  they  entered  his  body  so  as  not 
to  make  a  wound  larger  than  a  man's  hand.  The  wounded  Fred 
signaled  long  for  his  comrades    to  come  to  his  assistance,  using  the 


544  HISTORY    OF    GREEIS^E    COUNTY. 

call  of  a  wolf  wliicli  liad  been  agreed  on;  but,  fearful  of  Indian 
treachery,  they  dared  not  for  a  long  time  to  come.  Returning 
cautiously  they  found  Fred,  whom  they  supposed  to  have  b6en  dead, 
still  alive.  Organizing  a  party  to  search  for  John,  his  body  was 
found  where  it  had  fallen,  scalped  and  mutilated  in  true  Indian 
fashion.  The  body  was  buried  at  the  foot  of  a  beech  tree,  which 
was  duly  marked  and  lettered,  and  was  visible  for  many  years;  but 
was  finally  girdled  and  destroyed. 

Springhill  was  among  the  latest  of  the  townships  settled,  and 
even  now  there  are  large  tracts  of  forest  which  have  never  been 
cleared  away.  This  township  has  eleven  schools  with  an  average 
attendance  of  378  pupils.  The  following  are  the  school  directors: 
John  Sellers,  President;  Peter  Bradley,  Secretary;  John  Minor, 
Lindsay  Caseman,  Wilson  Miller,  Owen  Chancy, 


CHAPTER  XLVIII. 
WAYNE     TOWNSHIP. 


Location — Boundaries — Well  Wateked  —  Dye's  Mill — Schools 
— Furniture  for  a  Cabin — Dress  of  Pioneers — Massacre 
AT  Stattler's  Fort — Burial  of  an  Infant. 

THIS  township  is  located  in  the  southern  portion  of  the  county, 
and  it  was  here  on  Dunkard  Creek  that  Mason  and  Dixon  were 
stopped  in  running  their  line,  at  a  point  where  the  great  Indian  war 
path  crosses  it.  It  is  one  of  the  largest  townships  in  the  county, 
and  is  bounded  on  the  north  b}^  Center  and  Franklin,  on  the  east  by 
Whiteley  and  Perry,  on  the  south  by  West  Virginia,  and  on  the 
west  by  Gilmore  and  Jackson.  The  water  shed  in  the  northern  part 
sends  its  waters  to  nearly  all  points  of  the  compass;  by  Pursley 
Creek  and  Smith's  Run  to  the  north,  by  the  Whiteley  to  the  east,  by 
Randolph's,  Robert's,  Shepherd's,  Hoover's  and  Tom's  runs  to  the 
south,  and  by  the  tributaries  of  Wheeling  Creek  to  the  west.  It  is, 
however,  substantially  in  the  valley  of  Dunkard  Creek  which  touches 
lightly  its  southern  border  and  receives  the  numerous  tributaries. 
It  has  no  villages,  though  Blacksville,  a  thriving  little  town,  is  lo- 
cated just  across  the  line  in  West  Virginia,  the  northern  tier  of  lots 
reaching  into  Pennsylvania.     Nearly  a  century  ago  James  Dye  built 


HISTORY    OB^    GREENE    COUNTY.  545 

a  flouring- mi  11  here,  the  remains  of  which  are  still  visible,  which 
was  frequented  by  the  early  settlers.  Caleb  SjH'agg,  John  McGee, 
Uriah  Spraog,  John  lioberts,  John  Piles,  Lences  Jackson  and  John 
Lautz;  areinentioned  as  the  pioneer  settlers  in  the  township.  Tiie 
surmce  is  broken,  as  is  nearly  every  part  of  the  county,  Ijut  is  under 
a  good  state  of  cultivation,  and  the  farms  present  an  air  of  prosperity. 
Tlie  earliest  report  of  the  schools  gives  this  township  nine  with  352 
pupils.  The  report  of  1887  credits  it  twelve  schools  and  522  pupils, 
a  marked  increase.  The  directors  for  the  current  year  are  J.  Moi-ris, 
President;  John  King,  Secretary;  Richard  Thralls,  Marion  Minor, 
Thomas  Iloge  and  Mathias  Brant.  ■^  ' 

The  early  settlers  had  many  hardships  to  endure  an  1  were  ac- 
customed to  privations.  Dr.  Smith  in  liis  secular  liistory  of  this 
section  g-ives  the  followinij:  amusino;  account  of  the  furniture  of  a 
pioneer  cabin: 

"  A  single  fork,  placed  with  its  lower  end  in  a  hole  in  the  floor 
and  the  upper  end  fastened  to  the  joist,  served  for  a  bedstead,  by 
placing  a  pole  in  the  fork  with  one  end  through  a  crack,  between  the 
logs  in  the  wall.  This  front  pole  was  crossed  by  a  shorter  one  with- 
in the  fork,  with  its  outer  end  through  another  crack.  From  the 
first  pole  through  a  crack  between  the  logs  of  the  end  of  the  house 
the  boards  were  put  on,  which  formed  the  bottom  of  the  bed.  Some- 
times other  poles  were  pinned  to  the  fork,  a  little  distance  above 
these,  for  the  purpose  of  supporting  the  front  and  foot  of  the  bed, 
while  the  walls  were  the  support  of  its  back  and  its  head.  A  few 
pegs  around  the  walls  for  a  display  of  the  coats  of  the  M'omen  and 
huntina'-shirts  of  the  men,  and  two  small  forks  or  buck's  horns  to  a 
joist  for  the  rifle  and  shot-pouch,  completed  the  carpenter  work." 

"  Their  dress  was  partly  Indian  and  partly  that  of  civilized  na- 
tions. The  hunting-shirt  was  universally  worn.  This  was  a  kind 
of  loose  frock,  reaching  half  way  down  the  thighs,  with  large  sleeves, 
open  before,  and  so  wide  as  to  lap  over  a  foot  or  more  when  l)elted. 
The  cape  was  large,  and  sometimes  handsomely  fringed  with  a 
ravelled  piece  of  cloth  of  a  different  color  from  that  of  the  hunting- 
shirt  itself." 

The  valley  of  Dunkard  Creek  was  doubtless  one  of  the  most  at- 
tractive and  hence  among  the  first  tarrying  places  for  white  men  in 
Greene  County.  The  ease  with  which  the  Monongahela  River  could 
be  reached  was  probably  one  of  its  inviting  features.  In  1778  a 
considerable  settlement  had  gathered  in  the  neighborhood  of  where 
Blacksville  now  is.  A  short  distance  below,  on  the  Virginia  side,  the 
settlers  had  built  Stattler's  Fort — a  place  of  refuge  in  time  of  danger. 
In  1778  the  Indians'were  known  to  be  on  the  war  path,  and  for  greater 
security  the  settlers  went  forth  to  their  labor  in  bands,  helping  each 
other,   and  while    some  worked,  others  stood  guard.     One  evening 


546  HISTORY  OF  gkeenp:  county. 

after  a  good  day's  work  they  butcliered  some  liogs,  and  set  out  with 
their  precious  burden  for  the  fort,  all  unsuspicious  of  any  danger. 
But,  doubtless  attracted  by  the  piercing  squeals  of  the  swine,  a  band 
of  over  one  hundred  Indians  were  on  the  watch  for  them,  arabushin<^ 
the  path  which  the  pioneers  would  follow.  Toilsomely  moving  on 
with  their  burdens,  they  had  approached  witliin  sight  of  the  fort,  and 
were  doubtless  thinking  of  the  delicious  porksteaks  they  would  enjoy 
for  their  suppers,  when  all  of  a  sudden  the  forest  was  ablaze  with  the 
lire  from  the  Indians'  guns.  Several  were  killed  by  the  tirst  volley; 
but  the  survivors  rallied  and  returned  the  lire,  fighting  their  way 
throutrli  to  the  fort,  but  leavino-  eio;hteen  of  their  number  dead, 
scattered  along  the  path.  So  weakened  were  they  that  it  was  some 
days  before  the  survivors  ventured  forth  to  bury  the  dead,  wliom  they 
found  stripped,  scalped  and  shockingly  mangled.  This  massacre  oc- 
curred near  the  State  line,  on  the  AVarrior  IJranch  of  the  great  In- 
dian war  path,  and  it  is  supposed  that  this  was  a  war  party  on  its 
way  home.  The  bones  of  Jacob  Stattler,  who  was  killed  and  buried 
here,  were  washed  out  by  the  rains,  and  were  reinterred  not  many 
years  ago.  Brice  Worley,  grandfather  of  John  I.  Worley,  of  Wayne 
Township,  settled  on  a  tract  of  land  a  half  mile  below  Blacksville  in 
1778.  Brice  Worley's  tirst  born  babe  died  in  infancy,  and  there  is 
a  well  preserved  tradition  that  the  brave  mother  stood  a  faithful 
sentinel  whilst  the  father  nailed  up  a  rude  box,  prepared  the  grave, 
and  committed  the  darling  baby  to  the  earth.  The  little  mound  is 
still  well  preserved.  Brice  Worley's  house  was  stockaded  and  was 
known  as  Worley's  Fort.  Nathan  Worley,  his  brother,  was  killed 
by  the  Indians. 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  547 


CHAPTER  XLIX. 

WASHINGTON  TOWNSHIP. 

Commercially  Situated  —  Rail-Road  —  800  Subsckibers  —  Cost 
$6,500  PEE  Mile — In  1877  is  Heard  the  First  Scream  of  the 
Locomotive — Surface — Boundaries  —  Early  Settlers  —  Re- 
ligions— First  Sacrament  in  1783 — Services  in  a  Barn — 
Schools — Directors. 

COMMERCIALLY,  Washington  Township  is  perliaps  more 
favorably  located  than  any  other  in  the  county.  A  highway  of  an  easy 
grade  leads  down  the  valley  of  Rutf's  Run,  through  the  central  portion, 
and  connects  at  Jefferson  with  good  roads  leading  to  Rice's  Landing,  on 
the  Monongahela  River.  It  was  also  easily  accessible  to  Waynes- 
burg,  so  that  it  had  the  Pittsburg  and  home  markets  at  its  command 
from  an  early  day.  But  latterly  it  has  become  especially  favored  by 
the  opening  of  the  Washington  &  AVaynesburg  Railroad,  which  by 
the  several  stations  along  its  course  gives  easy  outlet  to  Wavnesburg 
and  Pittsburg  for  the  immense  produce  of  all  this  fertile  region. 

The  rail-road,  though  but  narrow  gnage,  is  of  great  importance, 
not  only  to  this  township,  but  to  the  entire  county.  The  project  had 
been  for  a  long  time  agitated;  but  seeing  no  prospect  of  having  one 
built  by  foreign  caj)ital,  the  citizens  of  the  county  put  their  own 
money  into  the  enterprise,  and  soon  saw  their  wishes  gratified. 

In  the  fall  of  1874:  the  matter  took  definite  form,  and  during  the 
winter  and  spring  succeding,  preliminary  surveys  were  made,  and 
experimental  lines  run.  Stock  books  were  opened,  and  about  eight 
hundred  citizens,  principally  in  Greene  County,  subscribed.  An  ag- 
gregate subscription  of  $130,000  having  been  obtained,  the  company 
M'as  organized  in  May,  1875,  with  the  choiceof  the  following  officers: 
J.  G.  Ritchie,  of  Waynesbiirg,  President;  Chief  Engineer  O.  Barrett, 
Jr.,  of  Allegheny,  and  the  following  named  eleven  gentlemen  directors: 
Simon  Rinehart,  Henry  Sayers,  J.  T.  Hook,  A.  A.  Purman,  W.  C. 
Condit,  Henry  Swart,  Jacob  Swart,  Epiiraim  Conger,  James  Dunn, 
Thomas  lames,  John  Munnel.  The  length  of  the  road  is  twenty- 
nine  miles.  The  guage  is  three  feet,  and  with  two  engines  and  cars 
complete,  ready  to  operate,  cost  $6,500  per  mile.  By  the  first  of 
September,  1877,  fourteen   miles  from  Washington  were  completed, 

28 


548  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

and  the  cars  began  to  run.  By  the  17th  the  track-layers  had  crossed 
the  county  line,  and  the  locomotive,  "  General  Greene,"  entered  the 
limits  of  Greene,  and  for  the  first  time  in  all  its  borders,  screamed 
out  its  note  of  triumph.  Early  in  October  the  road  was  completed, 
and  trains  commenced  running  regularly  over  its  entire  length.  Hon. 
Justus  Fordyce  Temple,  formerly  Auditor-General  of  the  State,  was 
for  several  years  at  the  head  of  the  company,  and  his  annual  reports 
show  that  the  passenger  traffic,  and  tonnage  of  the  road,  had  steadily 
increased  under  his  faithful  management.  Recently  the  road  has 
passed  under  the  control  of  the  Pennsylvania  Company,  and  is  oper- 
ated as  a  part  of  its  great  network  of  chemin  defer. 

Washington,  like  all  the  townships  on  the  northern  border  of  the 
county,  is  very  rugged,  though  under  a  good  state  of  cultivation. 
The  roads,  generally  following  the  courses  of  the  streams,  run  from 
north  to  south.  It  is  well  watered  by  a  series  of  runs,  Craig's, 
Crayne's,  Boyd's,  Bnff''s,  Overflowing  and  Hopkins'.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  north  by  Washington  County,  on  the  east  by  Morgan  Town- 
ship, on  the  south  by  Franklin  and  on  the  west  by  Morris.  There  is 
no  village  of  any  importance  in  the  township,  though  at  the  almost 
exact  center  of  its  territory,  on  Ruffs  Run,  is  a  mill,  store,  school- 
house  and  dwellings,  which  will  probably  in  time  become  a  place  of 
some  importance.  This  township  was  not  organized  till  1838,  and 
was  taken  from  Morris,  Morgan  and  Franklin. 

A  number  of  English  and  Scotch  emigrants,  who  had  come  over 
and  settled  in  New  England,  subsequently  removed  to  New  Jersey, 
Pennsylvania,  Maryland  and  Virginia.  Still  not  satisfied  they  crossed 
the  mountains,  and  some  found  their  way  to  this  and-  the  neighbor- 
ing township  of  Amwell,  in  Washington  County,  and  brought  with 
them  a  love  of  religious  liberty,  first  promulgated  and  acted  upon  by 
Roger  Williams.  Among  those  who  thus  early  settled  here  was 
Demas  Lindley,  who  acquired  property  just  across  the  county  line, 
on  whose  land  a  fort,  known  as  Lindley's  Fort,  was  erected,  which 
was  a  rallying  point  and  a  place  of  refuge  for  the  inhabitants  for  a 
wide  circuit  in  the  two  counties.  He  also  built  a  mill,  known  as 
Lindley's  Mill,  which  stood  upon  the  site  of  the  present  structure 
which  still  bears  his  name.  He  was  accompanied  by  some  fifteen  or 
twenty  families,  most  of  whom  emigrated  with  the  Pilgrims,  who 
spread  abroad  in  this  section,  and  whose  descendants  still  dwell  along 
this  stretch  of  highlands.  Following  the  example  of  their  New  Eng- 
land associates  they  early  established  churches,  the  Baptists  in  1772, 
and  the  Presbyterians  in  1781,  known  as  the  upper  and  lower  Ten- 
Mile.  A  tract  of  land  was  donated  by  Demas  Lindley,  which  was  to 
be  held  in  perpetuity  "for  the  occupancy  and  use  of  a  Presbyterian 
Chu-rch  and  for  no  other  purpose  whatsoever."  The  entrj-  in  the 
church  book  for  Wednesday,  April  30,    1783,   was  "  Present,  Thad- 


HISTORY    OF    GREEKE    COUNTY.  549 

deus  Dodd,  V.  D.  M.;  Demas  Lindley,  Joseph  Coe,  Jacob  Cooke, 
Daniel  Axtell,  elders.  At  this  session  twenty-two  persons  joined." 
The  sacrament  was  iirst  administered  on  the  third  Sabbatli  in  May, 
1783,  by  Kev.  Thaddens  Dodd,  assisted  by  Rev.  John  McMillan.  The 
meeting  was  held  in  Daniel  Axtell's  barn. 

The  earliest  report  of  the  schools  of  this  township,  made  in  1854, 
credits  it  with  seven,  and  an  attendance  of  436  pupils,  which  is  a 
remarkable  number  for  a  rural  population.  In  the  report  of  1887, 
while  the  number  of  schools  remains  the  same,  the  number  of  scholars 
in  attendance  is  only  237,  which  would  seem  to  indicate  that  the 
families  are  less  numerous  now  than  in  that  earlier  day.  The 
directors  for  the  current  year  are,  T.  M.  Koss,  President;  J.  B.  Cox, 
Secretary;  Benjamin  Shirk,  Silas  Johnson,  G,  W.  Huffman  and 
George  Durbin. 


CHAPTER  L. 
WHITELEY  TOWNSHIP. 


Commercial  Advantages — Surface — Boundaries — Experience  of 
Dr.  McMillan — Mr.  Evans'  Account  of  Mrs.  Bozartii- — He- 
roic Defense  of  Herself — Relief.  "" 

THE  northern  part  of  this  township  reaches  up  within  a  few  miles 
of  the  county  seat,  and  has  highways  of  easy  grade  that  lead  by 
the  valleys  of  Whiteley  Creek  to  the  navigable  waters  of  the  Mononga- 
hela  River.  It  has,  consequently,  had  access  to  good  markets  from  its 
earliest  settlement.  This  advantage  is  shown  by  the  stimulus  it  has 
given  to  agricultural  pursuits,  throughout  all  its  borders.  Few 
townships  in  the  county  can  show  farms  under  better  tillage,  the 
stock  more  intelligently  bred,  and  the  homes  of  the  inhabitants  more 
tasteful  and  comfortable. 

The  surface  is  rolling  and  well  watered  by  AVhiteley  Creek  and 
Dyer's  Fork.  It  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Franklin  and  Jefferson, 
on  the  east  by  Greene,  on  the  south  by  Perry,  and  on  the  west  by 
Wayne  and  Franklin.  In  the  southern  portion  of  the  township,  at 
the  ftjrks  of  Whiteley  Creek,  is  the  village  of  Newtown,  which  is 
supplied  with  mills  and  the  usual  places  of  business,  and  a  Method- 
ist E]:)iscopal  Church  is  located  here.  Secretary  Black's  report  of 
1854  shows  this  township  to  have  eight  schools  and  274  j)upils;  by 
the  report  of  1887  it  is   seen  to  have  nine  schools  and  255  pupils, 


550  HISTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

which  would  seem  to  indicate  that  the  families  are  more  diminutive 
in  size  now  than  a  tliird  of  a  century  ago.  The  board  of  directors 
for  the  current  year  is  constituted  as  follows:  Dr.  G.  C.  Conway, 
President;  M.  C.  Brant,  Secretary;  John  Meighen,  James  Hatfield, 
John  Cowell,  and  Thomas  Mooney. 

The  early  settlers  of  this  township  endured  the  privations  of 
frontier  life,  and  the  terror  inspired  by  Indian  savagery.  When  Dr. 
McMillan,  the  eminent  Presbyterian  divine,  came  to  this  section, 
there  was  little  comfort  in  the  home  life  of  the  people,  and  he  began 
life  among  them  in  as  simple  a  way  as  the  humblest  to  whom  he 
ministered.  He  says:  "When  I  came  to  this  country,  the  cabin  in 
which  I  was  to  live  was  raised,  but  there  was  no  roof  on  it,  nor  any 
chimney  nor  floor.  The  people,  however,  were  very  kind,  and  as- 
sisted me  in  preparing  my  house,  and  on  the  16th  of  December  I 
removed  into  it.  But  we  had  neither  bedstead  nor  tables,  nor  stool, 
nor  chair,  nor  bucket.  All  these  things  we  had  to  leave  behind  us; 
as  there  was  no  wagon  road  at  that  time  over  the  mountains,  we 
could  bring  nothing  but  what  was  carried  on  pack-horses.  We  placed 
two  boxes  on  each  other,  which  served  us  for  a  table,  and  two  kegs 
answered  for  seats,  and  having  committed  ourselres  to  God  in  family 
worship,  we  spread  a  bed  on  the  floor,  and  slept  soundly  till  morn- 
ing. The  next  day  a  neighbor  came  to  my  assistance.  We  made  a 
table  and  a  stool,  and  in  a  little  time  had  everything  comfortable 
about  us.'' 

One  of  the  most  thrilling  incidents  in  early  pioneer  life  was  that 
of  ^-irppvi'p^^p.e  Rozartli.  Mr.  Evans  gives  the  following  description 
of  it  in  his  Centennial  papers: 

"  In  the  spring  of  1779  we  find  her  living  in  a  cabin  in  the  lower 
part  of  the  valley  of  Dmikard  Creek.  That  it  was  on  Dunkard 
Creek,  and  in  Greene  County  there  is  no  historic  event  more  posi- 
tive. But  the  exact  locality,  which  did  we  know,  would  add  much 
to  the  interest  of  the  story,  is  not  recorded,  nor  is  there  any  tra- 
dition to  my  knowledge  on  the  subject  at  all.  All  accounts  speak 
of  her  as  a  lone  woman.  She  is  designated  as  Mrs.  Expierience 
Bozarth  only. 

"  About  the  middle  of  March  there  was  an  alarm  of  Indians. 
Besides  hers,  there  were  but  two  or  three  cabins  in  the  neighbor- 
hood. For  some  reason,  either  because  her  cabin  aflbrded  the  best 
wall  of  defence,  or  because  she  was  such  a  fearless  creature,  the 
neighbors  fearing  to  stay  at  home  all  assembled  at  her  house.,  and 
were  abiding  there  presuming  that  in  union  there  was  strength. 

"  After  the  lapse  of  some  days,  when  the  fears  of  an  attack  had 
begun  to  subside  and  a  feeling  of  comparative  security  was  being 
restored,  and  the  vigilance  against  surprise  had  consequently  been  re- 
laxed, at  a  moment  when  there  M'ere  but  two  men  in  the  house,  some 


.^' 


'    ^  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  551 


of  the  children  qf  the  various  families  ran  in  from  their  play  in 
much  alarm,  crying,  'Ugly  red  men!  Ugly  red  men?'  Upon  one  of 
tlie  men  stepping  to  the  door  he  received  a  ball  in  the  side  of  the 
l3reast,  which  caused  him  to  fall  Lack  on  the  floor.  The  Indian  who 
shot  him  sprang  in  over  his  prostrate  body,  and  grappled  with  the 
remaining  white  man.  The  white  man  threw  him  on  the  bed  and 
called  for  a  knife  with  which  to  despatch  him,  and  Experience  an- 
swered that  call  by  seizing  an  axe  and  splitting  out  tlie  brains  of  the 
intrudinar  savage.  At  the  same  instant  another  Indian  entered  the 
door  and  shot  dead  the  man  who  was  engaged  with  the  Indian  on  the 
bed.  Weilding  again  the  fatal  axe,  Experience  Bozarth  disembow- 
eled that  Indian  on  the  spot,  who  bawled,  'Murder!  murder!'  Im- 
mediately several  others  of  the  party  who  had  been  engaged  in 
slauo-hterino;  children  in  the  yard  came  to  his  relief,  and  one  of  them 
thrusting  his  head  in  at  the  door  had  it  cleft  in  twain  by  a  murder- 
ous stroke  of  Mrs.  Bozartli's  axe.  At  the  same  time  another  having 
caught  hold  of  the  disemboweled  Indian,  and  drawn  him  out  of  the 
way,  Mrs.  Bozarth,  with  the  aid  of  the  man  who  had  somewhat  re- 
covered from  his  wound  in  the  breast,  shut  the  door  and  fastened  it 
against  the  besieging  savages.  Kepeated  attempts  were  made  by  the 
Indians  to  break  into  the  house,  but  our  heroine  and  her  companion 
by  their  bold  determination  and  vigilant,  heroic  exertions,  held  fast 
the  door  and  defended  every  entrance  for  several  days,  till  a  party 
came  from  the  neighboring  settlements  and  drove  the  Indians  away. 


CHAPTER  LI. 
MISCELLANEOUS. 


Excise  Law — Held  Unconstitutional — Tkanspoktation  Difficult 
— Whisky  Easy — Law  Resisted — Officers  Abused — Law  Modi- 
fied— Still  Resisted — Macfarlane  Killed — ^Militia  Called 
— Gen.  Lee  in  Command — Washington  Moves  with  the  Army 
— Reviews  It  at  Cumberland — Submit — Honest  Whisky — No 
License — -Three  Stills  Left — Religious  Excitement — Sects — 
Slavery — Geology — Oil — Honored  List. 

AN  outbreak  which  occurred  in  1794,  previous  to  the  organization 
of  the  county,  commonly  called  the  Whisky  Rebellion,  which 
was  confined  to  the  southwestern  section  of  the  State,  is  entitled  to 
mention,  though  in  its  bearing  upon  the  history  of  these  parts  it  has 
little  significance.     At  that  early  day  the  chief  sources  of  wealth  to 


552  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

the  inhabitants  were  the  production  of  grain.  So  remote  from  mar- 
ket were  they,  however,  tliat  transportation  cost  what  the  produce 
would  sell  for.  To  put  their  grain  in  a  more  concentrated  form,  the 
farmers  erected  stills  and  converted  their  grain  into  whisky,  Mdiich 
could  more  readily  be  transported  to  market  and  would  command 
ready  sale.  When  the  Revolutionary  war  was  over,  the  new  nation, 
being  burdened  with  a  great  debt,  laid  a  tax  on  whisky  of  four  pence 
per  gallon.  The  passage  of  this  act  was  vigorouslj^  opposed  in  Con- 
gress, on  the  ground  that  the  constitution  provides  that  taxation 
shall  be  uniform,  and  the  act  would  impose  a  tax  on  those  producing 
whisky,  from  which  those  not  producing  it  would  be  relieved. 

Adopting  this  argument,  the  inhabitants  of  the  southwestern  cor- 
ner of  the  State,  chiefly  the  counties  of  Westmoreland,  Alleghany, 
Washington  and  Fayette,  resolved  that  they  would  not  pay  the  tax. 
Revenue  inspectors  and  collectors  were  warned,  threatened  and 
aljused.  The  pipes  of  a  still-house  were  cut,  the  proprietor  of  which 
had  paid  his  tax,  so  that  "Tom  the  Tiidcer,"  or  the  ironical  mender 
of  stills,  became  the  title  by  which  anonymous  notices,  threats  and 
calls  were  signed.  As  early  as  1791,  Robert  Johnson,  collector,  was 
tarred  and  feathered,  his  hair  cut  off,  and  his  horse  taken.  The  man 
sent  to  serve  process  upon  the  offenders,  was  whipped,  tarred  and 
feathered,  his  money  and  horse  taken  from  him,  blindfolded  and  left 
tied  in  the  woods.  Later  in  the  same  year,  one  Wilson  was  taken 
out  of  his  bed,  carried  several  miles  to  a  blacksmith's  shop,  his 
clothing  stripped  off  and  burned,  branded  in  several  places  with  a 
hot  iron,  tarred  and  feathered,  and  left,  naked  and  wounded,  to  his 
fate.  The  law  was  amended  in  1792,  and  again  in  1794;  but  all  to 
no  purpose,  and  "Tom  the  Tinker"  men,  the  name  by  which  opposers 
of  the  law  were  universally  knu\vn,  were  only  encouraged  by  these 
modifications  to  more  determined  resistance.  On  the  15th  of  Sep- 
tember President  Washington  issued  his  proclamation,  commanding 
all  persons  to  submit  to  the  operations  of  the  law;  but  it  had  not  the 
desired  effect.  Altercations  continued  to  occur,  public  meetings  were 
held,  resolutions  asserting  the  determination  not  to  pay  the  tax  were 
passed,  and  finally  the  malcontents  called  out  their  adherents,  armed 
and  equipped  as  militia.  Assaults  were  made  upon  the  dwellings  of 
United  States  officers,  and  some  burnings  occurred.  Officers  defended 
themselves,  and  in  the  melee  which  resulted  a  number  were  wounded 
with  the  small  shot  used.  Among  others  the  house  of  Gen.  Neville, 
the  inspector,  was  attacked.  The  malcontents  were  led  by  Maj.  Mac- 
farlane,  an  officer  of  the  Revolution.  Maj.  Kirkpatrick,  with  ten  or 
twelve  United  States  soldiers,  were  within  the  house.  Neville  him- 
self had  left,  and  when  a  call  was  made  on  Ivirkpatrick  to  surrender, 
he  made  answer  tliat  he  M'ould  defend  the  house.  The  firing  com- 
menced and  continued  for  some  time.     Finally  it  ceased  from  the 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  553 

house,  and  Macfarlane,  supposing  a  surrender  was  intended,  stopped 
forward,  when  he  was  shot  and  instantly  killed.  This  act  enraged 
the  opposers  of  the  tax,  and  a  general  rendezvous  of  their  party  was 
called  for  Braddock's  field,  armed  and  equipped,  with  four  days' 
rations  in  haversacks. 

To  such  a  pass  had  the  opposition  to  the  law  now  come  that  both 
State  and  national  authorities  deemed  it  necessary  to  take  decisive 
action.  On  the  Gtli  of  August,  1794,  Gov.  Mitllin  sent  Chief  Justice 
McKean  and  Gen.  AVilliani  Irvine  to  inquire  into  the  facts,  and 
endeavor  to  allay  excitement.  On  the  tVdlowing  day  President  Wash- 
ington, who  had  now  entered  upon  his  second  term,  issued  his  procla- 
mation commanding  all  persons  to  disperse  on  or  before  the  1st  of 
September.  At  the  same  time  he  called  out  the  militia  of  neighbor- 
ing States,  as  follows: 

Infantry. 
Pennsylvania,    -  -  -         4,500 

New  Jersey,  -  -  -     1,500 

Maryland,  -  -  -  2,000 

Virginia        .  .  -  -     3,000 


Cavalry. 

Artillery. 

Total. 

500 

200 

5,200 

500 

100 

2,100 

200 

150 

2,350 

300 

3,300 

11,000        1,500  450         12,950 

On  the  8th  of  August  President  Washington  appointed  James 
Ross,  Jasper  Yates  and  William  Bradford  to  go  to  the  disturbed 
section,  and  endeavor  ''to  quiet  or  extinguish  the  insurrection,"  and 
the  Governor  called  together  the  Assembly  in  extra  session.  A  con- 
gress of  the  insurgents,  composed  of  260  delegates,  was  convened  at 
Parkinson's  Ferry  on  the  14th  of  August.  But  news  of  the  de- 
termined stand  taken  by  AVashington  had  been  received,  and  the 
action  of  the  delegates  was  considerably  modified.  A  committee  of 
sixty,  one  from  each  township  in  the  disaffected  district,  was  ap- 
pointed, and  from  these  a  standing  committee  of  twelve,  who  were 
directed  to  confer  with  the  national  commissioners.  Conferences 
were  held,  at  which  Gallatin  and  Jh-ackenridge  urged  submission, 
while  Bradford,  in  fiery  terms,  opposed.  But  when  the  vote  was 
taken,  and  showed  thirty-four  to  twenty-three  in  favor  of  submission, 
he  yielded,  declaring  that  if  his  associates  would  not  stand  by  him, 
he  was  for  submission.  It  was  proposed  to  take  the  sense  of  the 
people  throughout  the  district  by  having  each  individual  citizen 
answer,  over  his  own  signature,  this  question:  "Will  the  people 
submit  to  the  laws  of  the  IJnited  States,  upon  the  terms  proposed  by 
the  commissioners  of  the  United  States?"  Until  the  11th  day  of 
September  was  given  to  signify  tlieir  intention.  The  result  of  this 
test  was  so  unsatisfactory,  that  President  Washington  gave  the  order 
for  the  army  to  march,  and  with  banners  spread  to  the  breeze,  to  tl'ie 
music  of  life  and  drum,  the  column  moved  forward,     Henry  Lee— 


554  HISTOllY    OF    GKEENE    COUNTY. 

"Light  Horse  Harry'' — was  given  command.  President  Washing- 
ton, accompanied  by  Gen.  Knox,  Secretary  of  War,  Alexander  Ham- 
ilton, Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  and  Richard  Peters,  of  the  District 
Court,  &et  out  on  the  1st  of  October  for  the  scene  of  the  disturbance. 
On  Friday  the  President  reached  Harrisburg,  on  Saturday  Carlisle. 
The  committee  of  the  insurgents  held  a  meeting  on  the  2d  of  October 
at  Parkinson's  Ferry,  when,  learning  that  a  well  organized  army 
with  Washington  at  its  head  was  on  the  march  to  enforce  obedience, 
they  delegated  two  of  their  numlier,  William  Findley  and  David 
Koddick,  to  meet  the  President  and  assure  him  of  their  readiness  to 
submit.  They  were  received  at  Carlisle;  but  Washington  said  that 
as  the  troops  had  been  called  out,  he  should  not  countermand  the 
order  to  march.  Proceeding  forward,  the  President  reached  Cham- 
bersburg  on  the  11th,  Williamsport  on  the  13th,,  and  Fort  Cumber- 
land on  the  14th,  where  he  reviewed  the  Maryland  and  Virginia 
troops.  This  was  old  tramping  ground  for  Washington,  and  must 
have  revived  many  early  recollections.  He  was  now  near  the  end  of 
his  life,  dying  five  years  thereafter.  On  the  19th  the  President 
reached  Bedford,  where  he  , became  satisfied  that  the  temper  of  the 
people  had  changed,  and  that  they  were  now  willing  to  obey  the 
laws;  and  after  tarrying  a  few  days,  determined  to  return  to  Phila- 
delphia, where  he  arrived  on  the  28th,  leaving  Gen.  Lee  to  meet  the 
commissioners  and  make  such  terms  of  pacification  as  should  be 
just.  A  meeting  of  the  committee  of  sixty  was  held  at  Parkinson's 
on  the  24th,  and  a  sub-committee  was  ordered  to  repair  to  the  head- 
quarters of  the  army,  and  give  assurances  of  submission.  This  sub- 
committee did  not  arrive  till  after  the  departure  of  Washington;  but 
at  Uniontown  they  met  Gen.  Lee,  with  whom  it  was  agreed  that 
books  should  be  opened  in  every  part  of  the  disaffected  district,  by 
Justices  of  the  peace,  when  every  citizen  should  be  required  to  sub- 
scribe to  an  oath  to  support  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States, 
and  obey  the  laws.  At  the  same  time  Gen.  Neville  issued  an  order 
for  all  stills  to  be  entered  according  to  law,  which  was  promptly  com- 
plied with.  Having  issued  a  judicious  address  to  the  people  of  the 
disaffected  district,  and  being  convinced  that  there  was  a  sincere  dis- 
position to  obey  the  laws,  Gen.  Lee,  on  the  17th  of  November,  gave 
orders  for  the  immediate  return  of  the  troops  to  Philadelphia,  except 
a  small  detachment  under  Gen.  Morgan,  which  was  left  at  Pittsburo:li 
for  the  winter  defence.  Thus  ended  the  campaign.  Some  arrests 
were  made,  and  a  few  convictions  were  had,  but  all  were  eventually 
pardoned. 

By  the  records  of  the  inspector's  office,  it  is  shown  that,  as  early 
as  1788,  there  were  seventy  registered  distilleries  in  the  district  now 
covered  by  Greene  County.  Besides  these  there  were  numerous 
private  distilleries,  in  which  small  quantities  were  made,  the  result 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  555 

at  each  amounting  to  little  more  than  was  considered  necessary 
for  the  use  of  the  family,  whiskey  being  regarded  as  necessary  as 
any  article  of  diet.  Until  within  a  very  few  years  large  quantities 
of  whiskey  were  produced  in  this  county,  and  a  high  reputation  was 
maintained  for  making  an  honest  article.  But  as  other  sources  of 
wealth  from  the  produce  of  the  farm  were  multiplied,  stills  were 
gradually  abandoned,  until  now  there  are  only  three  in  the  entire 
borders,  Gilpin  South's,  at  Bald  llill,  with  a  daily  capacity  of  thirty- 
three  bushels;  James  R.  Gray's  at,  Gray's  Landing,  of  180  bushels; 
and  TJ.  E.  Lippincott's,  at  Lippincott,  of  ninety  bushels.  Some 
eight  or  ten  years  ago,  Will  McConuell,  a  noted  temperence  lecturer, 
came  into  the  county  and  commenced  his  work.  He  was  received 
with  great  favor,  and  a  great  revival  of  the  temperance  sentiment 
was  the  result.  Local  option  was  submitted  to  a  vote  of  the  people 
and  was  decided  in  favor  of  no  license,  so  that  now  intoxicating 
liquors  are  not  sold  except  at  drug-stores,  and  the  store-houses  of 
distillers,  in  quantities,  according  to  law.  This  action  of  the  people 
makes  Greene  County  the  paradise  of  the  total  abstinence  reformers. 

On  several  occasions  in  the  history  of  the  county,  great  waves  of 
religious  excitement  have  swept  over  this  section,  like  a  whirlwind 
seeming  to  carry  all  before  it.  Several  preachers  would  combine  their 
efforts,  and  hold  special  services.  Yast  congregations  would  be  so 
swayed,  that  individuals  in  all  parts  would  get  down  upon  their  knees, 
in  the  midst  of  the  preaching,  while  others  would  come  forward  and 
bow  at  the  altar.  Indeed  the  cradle  ot  Presbyterianism,  and  Cumber- 
land Presbyterianism,  the  Baptist  faith,  and  Methodism,  west  of  the 
Alleghany  mountains,  may  be  said  to  have  been  rocked  here.  The  Sut- 
tons,  and  the  Corblys,the  McMillans  and  the  McClintocks,  the  Mor- 
gans and  the  Millers,  the  Hopkinses  and  the  Sansoms,  have  lead  in  a 
great  religious  work.  As  a  consequence  of  deep  religious  conviction, 
as  was  evinced  in  the  great  revivals  which  occurred  at  the  beginning 
of  the  present  century,  several  new  sects  sprang  into  existence. 

From  1800  to  1807,  were  years  remarkable  for  the  rapid  growth 
of  the  church  in  Western  Pennsylvania.  But  as  in  the  days  of  the 
primitive  church  degeneracy  and  heresy  crept  in,  so  now  followed 
delusion  and  false  doctrine.  In  the  northern  part  of  Greene  County, 
and  the  adjoining  portion  of  Washington  County  arose  a  sect  called 
Ilalconites.  Their  leader.  Sergeant,  claimed  to  have  had  a  revilation 
from  heaven,  denying  that  there  was  any  hell,  either  as  a  locality  or 
as  a  state  of  existence.  He  gathered  many  followers,  and  his  fame 
reached  to  neighboring  States.  He  was  invited  to  speak  at  Wheel- 
ing, Ya.,  and  at  Cumberland,  Md,  While  at  the  latter  place,  as  if 
to  illustrate  his  creed  by  his  conduct,  he  committed  fogery  and  was 
imprisoned.  This  ended  his  career  as  a  preacher.  A  woman,  Rhoda 
Fordyce  by  name,   was  his  successor.       She  proclaimed  "  that  if  a 


556  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

person  would  abstain  from  all  animal  food,  live  on  parched  corn  and 
sassafras  buds  for  a  given  length  of  time,  his  body  would  become  so 
etherial  that  he  would  be  translated  to  Heaven  without  passing 
through  the  gates  of  death."  The 'experiment  was  tried  by  a  man 
named  Parker,  but  instead  of  being  translated,  he  starved  to  death. 
Khoda  would  not  allow  the  body  to  be  buried  until  after  the  third 
day,  insisting  that  it  would  then  ascend  to  heaven,  but  at  the  expira- 
tion of  tliat  time  the  neiglibors  interposed  and  buried  it.  After  this 
we  hear  no  more  of  the  Khodianites.  But  a  new  sect  arose  in  the 
same  locality  called  "  New  Lights,"  whose  ranks  were  swelled  by 
converts  from  the  Halconites  and  Rhodianites.  Tliey  denied  the 
divinity  of  Christ,  believed  in  immersion  as  the  only  mode  of  baptism, 
and  practiced  the  rite  of  ''  washing  one  another's  feet."  These  were 
in  turn  absorbed  by  another  sect  known  as  Campbellites,  founded  by 
Thomas  Campbell  and  Alexander,  his  son.  who  came  here  from  Scot- 
land in  1807.  They  were  originally  Presbyterians,  but  their  belief 
not  being  in  entire  accord  with  that  body,  they  resolved  to  found 
a  new  denomination.  They  discarded  all  creeds  and  confessions  as 
human  inventions,  and  insisted  on  immersion  as  the  only  Christian 
baptism.  Two  churches  were  established  in  1811,  one  at  Cross  Roads, 
six  miles  northwest  of  Washington,  and  the  other  on  Brush  Run. 
Alexander  Campl)ell,  the  son,  was  a  man  of  brilliant  talents,  and 
superior  genius,  and  one  of  the  most  eloquent  and  forcible  public 
speakers  of  his  day.  He  came  at  a  time  when  infidelity  and  fanati- 
cism were  rampant,  and  they  fell  before  the  power  of  his  preaching 
like  grass  before  the  scythe  of  the  mower.  In  some  cases,  whole 
congregations  of  New  Lights  adopted  the  views  of  Mr.  Campbell. 
Many  of  his  disciples  in  turn  afterward  united  with  orthodox  Baptist 
Churches. 

As  has  been  previously  observed,  slavery  existed  in  this  county  in 
the  early  days,  pioneers  from  Virginia  and  Maryland,  where  slavery 
was  legalized,  bringing  their  slaves  and  household  servants  with  them, 
the  idea  prevailing,  as  late  as  1781,  that  this  was  apart  of  the  former 
State.  The  records  of  the  register's  office  of  the  county  during  the 
iirst  dozen  or  more  year  contain  numerous  entries  of  manumissions 
like  the  following: 

"  Manumission  —Thomas  H.  and  James  Hughes  to  James  Butler: 
"Know  all  men  by  these  presents,  AYhereas,  it  has  been  alleged 
that  Felix  Hughes,  our  late  father,  was  entitled  to  the  service  of 
James  Butler,  a  black  man,  and  whereas  the  said  Felix  Hughes  did 
promise  and  agree  that  the  said  James  Butler  should  be  free  from  and 
after  the  death  of  the  said  Felix  Hughes,  and  whereas  the  said  James 
Butler  has  conducted  and  behaved  himself  well,  and  conformed  to  all 
his  engagements  with  his  said  master,  yet  his  said  master  did  with- 
out giving  the  said  James   Butler  any  \vritteu  evidence  of  his  said 


1 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  557 

manumission,  now  know  ye  that  we,  Thomas  H.  and  James  Hnghes, 
sons  of  the  said  Felix  Hughes,  do  hereby,  so  far  as  we  are  interested, 
renounce  all  claim  to  said  James  Butler  and  to  his  services.  Given 
under  our  hands  and  seals,  A.  D.  1805," 

But  in  the  year  1780,  Pennsylvania,  the  first  of  all  the  States, 
passed  an  act  for  the  registration  of  all  slaves,  and  their  gradual 
emancipation,  which  worked  its  complete  extinction  from,  among  us. 

The  geological  structure  of  Greene  and  Washington  counties  has 
been  the  subject  of  Prof.  Stevenson's  report  made  by  State  author- 
ity. Five  folds,  or  waves  cross  this  territory  from  northeast  to  south- 
west, parallel  with  the  Chestnut  Kidge,  The  Waynesburg  anticlinal, 
the  second  of  these  folds  is  about  eight  miles  wide,  and  its  axis  dips 
to  the  southwest  at  the  rate  of  twenty  feet  per  mile.  Along  the 
synclinal  trough  of  this  fold  on  the  eastern  side,  known  as  the  Lis- 
bon Synclinal,  flows  the  Monongahela  Eiver.  From  the  summit  of 
this  fold  to  the  bottom  of  this  synclinal  is  an  average  dip  of  about 
seventy  feet  per  mile  in  an  east  southest  direction.  The  Pin-hook 
Anticlinal  is  the  third  marked  fold,  parallel  to  the  Waynesburg, 
leaving  the  AVaynesburg  synclinal  to  the  east  of  it.  The  Washing- 
ton Anticlinal  lies  next,  and  the  Ninevah  Synclinal  is  included  be- 
tween it  and  the  Pin-hook.  Five  miles  west  of  this  is  the  Clay ville 
Anticlinal,  having  the  Mansfield  Synclinal  between  it  and  the 
Washington  fold. 

The  stratified  rocks  of  this  whole  region  have  been  subdivided  by 
geologists  into  lower  productive,  lower  barren,  upper  productive  and 
upper  barren.  The  lower  productive  contain  several  valuable  seams 
of  coal,  but  they  lie  about  six  hundred  feet  below  the  Pittsburg  coal 
seam.  The  lower  barren,  reaching  from  the  Mahoning  sandstone  to 
the  base  of  the  Pittsburg  coal  seam,  contains  the  Morgantown  sand- 
stone, several  thin  seams  of  coal,  but  little  limestone.  It  includes 
the  green  crinoidal  limestone,  250  feet  below  Pittsburg  coal,  is  four 
feet  thick  and  is  lightly  fossiliferous.  At  the  top  of  the  Morgan- 
town  stone  is  the  little  Pittsburg  coal  seam  a  foot  in  thickness,  of  little 
value.  Thirty-feet  higher  is  the  Pittsburg  limestone,  from  four  to 
six  feet  thick,  useful  as  a  flux  in  the  manufacture  of  iron.  The 
Pittsburg  coal  seam  lies  next,  is  from  nine  to  ten  feet  thick,  five  of 
which  are  merchantable  coal,  and  is  excellent  for  fuel  and  gas  pur- 
poses. The  Redstone  coal  seam  is  some  sixty  feet  above  the  Pitts- 
burg, is  four  feet  in  thickness,  and  also  good  for  fuel.  The  great 
limestone  strata  is  about  120  feet  above  the  Pittsburg  coal,  is  eighty 
feet  in  thickness,  and  is  largely  used  in  the  manufacture  of  iron,  for 
mortar  and  for  fertilizing.  At  twenty  feet  above  the  great  limestone, 
is  the  Uniontown  coal  seam,  which  is  quarried  for  fuel.  Upon  this 
coal  seam  rests  the  Uniontown  sandstone,  forty  feet  in  thickness, 
which  is  largely  used  for  building  purposes.  Cue  hundred  feet  above 


558  HISTORY  OF  greene  county. 

the  Uniontown  coal  seam  rest  the  Waynesbiirg  coal  seam,  six  feet  in 
thickness,  largely  used  for  fuel  locally,  but  too  soft  for  transporta- 
tion. It  will  thus  be  seen  that  beneath  the  surface  of  this  county 
are  inexhaustable  supplies  of  valuable  minerals,  and  should  the  mines 
lying  near  the  surface  ever  become  exhausted,  here  would  be  found 
a  vast  magazine  of  wealth, 

Oil  has  been  found  in  several  parts  of  the  county  at  a  depth  of 
less  than  1,000  feet.  The  Tanner  well  has  produced  for  the  last 
twenty  years,  at  the  rate  of  ten  barrels  a  day,  lubricating  oil.  In 
1886  the  Mt.  Morris  district  was  opened  and  many  paying  wells  are 
being  found.  There  are  doubtless  oil  and  gas  underlying  this  territory 
that  will  gladden  the  hand  of  the  explorer. 

In  addition  to  the  names  of  those  who  have  been  mentioned  in 
other  parts  of  this  work  the  following  may  be  named  w4io  served  as 
representatives  in  the  National  Congress:  Albert  Gallatin,  William 
Hoge,  John  L.  Dawson,  Jonathan  Knight,  William  Montgomery, 
Jesse  Lazear,  George  Y.  Lawrence,  J.  B.  Donley,  Morgan  R.  Wise, 
Jacob  Teemer,  Charles  E.  Boyle.  Of  the  State  Senate  are  the  follow- 
ing: Isaac  Weaver,  William  G.  Hawkins,  Charles  A.  Black,  John 
C.  Fleniken,  Andrew  Lantz,  A.  Fatton,  M.  D.;  Morgan  E.  Wise. 
Of  the  House^of  Icepresentaflves  of  the  State:  Jghl?  Minot^  John 
Fleniken,  Maxwell  McCaslin,  James  W.  Hays,  "Ttees  Hill,  Adam 
Hays,  W.  T.  Hays,  Thomas  Burson,  W.  S.  Harvey,  Joseph  Sedgwick, 
Thomas  Ross,  John  Plielan,  Fletcher  Brock,  D.  W.  Gray,  M.  D.; 
John  Hogan,  Thomas  Laidley,  William  Kincaid,  Patrick  Donley. 
It  is  a  notable  circumstance  that  Isaac  Weaver  was  speaker  of  the 
Senate,  at  the  same  time  that  Rees  Hill  was  speaker  of  the  House, 
both  representing  Greene  County. 


^Biographical  Sketches, k- 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES, 


ALEPPO  TOWNSHIP. 

ASBURY  ANTILL,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  son  of  John  and 
Isabella  (Cbenitb)  Antill,  was  born  in  this  county  March  24,  1836. 
His  mother  was  born  in  Ohio.  His  father,  who  was  a  farmer  and 
miller,  was  born  and  died  in  Greene  County,  Penn.  The  subject  of 
this  sketch  was  the  fourth  in  a  family  of  nine  children,  all  of  whom 
grew  to  be  men  and  women.  lie  was  reared  on  the  farm  and  has 
been  an  industrious  farmer  all  his  life.  He  is  the  owner  of  243 
acres  of  well-improved  land  where  he  resides  in  Aleppo  Township. 
In  1857  Mr.  Antill  married  Sarah,  daughter  of  Moses  and  Hannah 
(Whipkey)  King.  Mrs.  Antill  is  of  Dutch  extraction,  and  a  member 
of  the  Methodist  Episco]«il  Church.  Their  children  are — AVilliam, 
Harvey,  Maggie,  wife  of  Benjamin  Clian:ibers,  Jr.,  Louis,  John  and 
Asbury  K.     Mr.  Antill  is  a  Democrat  in  politics. 

BENJAMIN  CHAMBERS,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born 
in  Marshall  County,  West  Virginia,  October  13,  1840,  is  the  son  of 
J.  A.  and  Susan  (Kerr)  Chambers,  natives  of  .West  Virginia,  and  of 
German  ancestry.  His  father,  who  spent  all  his  life  as  a  farmer  in 
his  native  State,  reared  a  family  of  seven  children,  of  whom  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  is  the  oldest  son.  He  was  reared  on  the  home 
farm,  attended  the  district  school  and  has  made  farming  and  stock- 
growing  his  chief  pursuit.  He  came  to  this  county  in  1865  and 
settled  on  his  present  farm  in  Aleppo  Township,  consisting  of  324 
acres  of  well  improved  land.  In  1866  Mr.  Chambers  was  united  in 
marriage  with  M.  J.,  daughter  of  A.  J.  and  Lucinda  (Ayers)  Iliner- 
man.  Her  parents  were  of  German  origin.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Chambers' 
children  are  C.  T.,  G.  A.,  Ward,  Lucinda,  John  A.,  Olive  Dillie, 
Leota,  Elizabeth  and  Pearl.  Mr.  Chambers  is  a  Republican.  Mrs. 
Chambers  is  a  member  of  the  Christian  Church. 

W.  W.  CLENDENNING,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born  in 
Marshall  County,  West  Virginia,  October  28,  1838.  He  is  a  son  of 
Archibald  and  Jane  (Cooper)  Clendenning,  who  were  natives  of  Ire- 
land.    They  came  to  America  and  settled  in  Greene  County,  where 


562  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

Mr.  Clendenning  was  a  farmer  for  many  years  and  died  in  1877.  Of 
a  family  of  four  children,  the  subject  of  this  sketch  is  the  youngest. 
He  was  reared  on  the  farm  and  received  a  common  school  education. 
He  has  made  farming  his  main  occupation,  and  is  the  owner  of  133 
acres  of  land,  all  of  which  he  has  accumulated  through  his  own 
efforts.  Mr.  Clendenning  was  united  in  marriage  August  26,  1862, 
with  Miss  Sarah,  daughter  of  James  and  Jane  (McCaslin)  Kincaid, 
and  sister  of  Colonel  Maxwell  McCaslin.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Clendenning 
have  eight  children,  viz.:  Robert  Maxwell,  William  !N.,  Milton  L., 
Anna  F.,  John,  Mary,  Nellie  Grant  and  Jessie  I\.  Mr.  Clendenning 
and  wife  are  members  of  the  Church  of  God. 

J.  T.  ELBIN,  Associate  Judge  of  Greene  County,  and  one  of  the 
earliest  settlers  of  Aleppo  Township,  now  living,  was  born  in  Alle- 
gheny County,  Maryland,  March  18,  1824.  He  was  left  an  orphan 
when  a  small  child  and  was  reared  by  his  grandfather,  John  Elbin, 
who  was  a  prominent  farmer  of  Greene  County,  and  died  intestate  in 
1845.  Judge  Elbin  was  thrown  out  in  the  world  without  a  dollar, 
but  was  ambitious  to  be  independent  and  worked  as  a  farm  hand  by 
the  day  and  month  until  he  succeeded  in  accumulating  enough  to 
invest  in  land.  He  has  been  eno-atj^ed  in  farmintr  and  stock-jxrowino- 
in  this  county  since  1848,  and  has  been  very  successful  in  all  his 
business  ventures.  In  1847  he  was  united  in  marriage  witli,  Hannah, 
daughter  of  John  and  Hannah  (Sidwell)  McVay,  and  they  are  the 
parents  of  six  children,  viz.:  Lucinda,  wife  of  L.  Sammons;  Rachel, 
wife  of  George  Grim;  Henry,  who  is  an  undertaker;  John  W.,  a 
farmer;  Belle,  wife  of  George  tjllom,  and  Mary  Ann,  deceased.  Mrs. 
Elbin  belongs  to  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church,  and  the 
Judge  is  a  member  of  the  Church  of  God,  in  which  he  takes  an  active 
interest,  and  has  served  as  superintendent  of  the  Sabbath-school.  He 
is  a  Democrat,  and  was  elected  Associate  Judge  in  1884.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  has  served  as  Justice  of  the  Peace  for 
a  period  of  twenty  years;  elected  in  1860,  and  held  the  office  until 
1880. 

AZARIAH  EVANS,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born  in 
"Washington  County,  Penn.,  August  29,  1828,  and  is  a  son  of  Caleb 
and  Anna  (Smalley)  Evans.  His  father  was  a  native  of  Fayette 
County,  and  his  mother  was  born  in  Washington  County.  They 
were  of  Welsh  extraction.  His  father,  a  farmer  by  occupation,  came 
to  Greene  County  in  1839,  and  in  1841  he  settled  in  Aleppo  Town- 
ship, where  he  died  in  1860.  He  reared  a  family  of  fourteen 
children,  twelve  of  whom  grew  to  be  men  and  women,  and  eight  of 
the  family  are  still  alive  and  in  active  life.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  is  next  to  the  oldest  of  those  now  living  and  was  reared  on 
the  home  farm,  receiving  a  common  school  education.  Mr.  Evans 
has  spent  his  life  as  a  farmer,  having  lived  in  Greene  County  since 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  563 

he  was  thirteen  years  of  age.  lie  has  been  very  successful,  an<l 
owns  at  present  a  fine  farm  of  274  acres.  He  was  united  in  niarria^;e 
September  3,  1848,  with  Miss  Mary,  daughter  of  William  and  Eliza- 
beth (Courtwrigbt)  Griffith,  who  were  of  Irish  origin.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Evans  have  two  children  living — Elizabeth  A.,  wife  of  William 
B.  King,  and  Samuel  L.,  a  farmer  and  stock-grower,  who  married 
Lucinda,  daughter  of  James  and  Julianna  (Chess)  Parson.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Evans  have  met  with  well  deserved  success.  Both  have  been 
very  hard  workers  and  noted  for  their  liberality.  Mr.  Evans'  name 
often  appears  on  the  church  subscription  papers,  and  lie  has  given 
liberally  to  both  the  church  and  the  Sabbath  school.  Though  not  a 
member  of  any  church,  he  is  ever  anxious  for  the  success  of  any 
church  or  moral  enterprise.  His  wife  is  a  member  of  the  Church  of 
God,  Mr.  Evans  is  a  Republican.  In  1862  he  enlisted  in  Coni- 
pany  A,  Eighteenth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  and  served  until  the 
close  of  the  war,  being  discharged  by  general  order.  Among  the 
engagements  in  which  he  took  part  was  the  famous  battle  of  Gettys- 
burg, lie  was  at  one  time  an  active  member  of  the  Patrons  of 
Husbandry. 

CHIwISTIAN  GRIM,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  son  of  Jacob 
and  Keziah  (Courtwrigbt)  Grim,  was  born  in  Greene  County,  Penn., 
April  12,  1859.     His  parents  were  also  natives  of  tins  county,  and 

of  German  orig^in.     His  father   was   a   farmer  during   his  lifetime. 

.       .  .  ^ 

Cliristian  Grim  is  the  eldest  of  three  children,  and  was  reared  on 

the  home  farm,  receiving  his  education  in  the  common  schools. 
He  is  a  successful  farmer,  and  has  the  management  of  his  own  and 
Mrs.  Grim's  farm,  amounting  in  all  to  250  acres.  His  wife  was 
the  widow  of  the  late  Madison,  son  of  Peter  UUom,  a  native  of 
Aleppo  Township.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ullom  were  the  parents  of  live 
children,  viz. — Eliza,  wife  of  Isaac  McCracken;  Isaac  B.,  a  student 
of  Delaware  College,  Ohio;  Clara,  Lantz  II.  and  Thomas  II.  Mrs. 
Grim's  maiden  name  was  ]\[elissa  Hupp.  She  is  a  daughter  of  Isaac 
Hupp,  and  of  German  and  English  lineage.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Grim 
were  married  September  7,  1881.  They  are  members  of  the  Church 
of  God.  They  have  three  children — Flora,  John  C.  and  Ella.  Mr. 
Grim  is  a  deacon  in  the  church.     In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat. 

JOHN  HENRY,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born  in  Somer- 
set County,  Penn,,  July  25,  1827.  He  is  a  son  of  John  and  Eliza- 
beth (Imell)  Henry,  who  were,  respectively,  natives  of  Pennsylvania 
and  Maryland,  and  of  German  origin.  His  father  was  a  farmer  all 
his  life.  He  also  learned  the  blacksmith's  trade,  and  was  well 
known  in  Somerset  County  for  many  years  as  a  hotel-keeper.  Of 
his  ten  children  the  subject  of  this  sketch  is  the  ninth.  He  was 
reared  on  the  farm  in  Turkey  Foot  Township,  where  he  attended 
the  district  school.     Mr.  Henry  has  been  a  successful   farmer,  and 

29 


504  HISTORY    OF"    GREENE    COtfNTY. 

owns  165  acres  of  well  improved  land.  He  was  married  in  Somer- 
set County,  February  11,  1847,  to  Ilannali  (Garey)  Miller,  daughter 
of  Peter  Garey  and  widow  of  Michael  Miller.  Mrs.  Henry  is  of 
Dutch  descent.  Their  children  are — Amanda,  wife  of  Samuel 
Pletcher;  Mary,  wife  of  J.  Matheny;  Rebecca,  wife  of  H.  Jacobs; 
Christiana,  wife  of  W.  Showalter;  William  H.,  Elizabeth,  wife 
of  J.  McCracken;  Peter,  Susannah,  wife  of  jST.  Miller,  and  Nancy, 
wife  of  J.  Elbin.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Henry  are  members  of  the  German 
Baptist  church.  Mr.  Henry  is  a  Pepubl'can.  In  1862  he  enlisted 
in  the  One  Hundred  and  Fortieth  Pennsylvania  Yolunteer  Infantry. 
He  was  in  several  engagements,  and  was  wounded  at  the  battle  of 
Spottsylvania.  On  account  of  this  wound  he  is  now  receiving  a 
small  pension.  Mr.  Henry's  grandfather  was  in  the  Pevolutionary 
war,  and  his  uncle,  Peter  Henry,  was  in  the  war  of  1812  under 
General  Harrison. 

ANDERSON  HINERMAN,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born 
May  10,  1832,  in  Aleppo  Township,  this  county,  on  the  farm  where 
Christian  Grim  now  resides.  He  is  a  son  ot  Jesse  and  Sarah 
(Shutterly)  Hinerman.  His  mother  was  born  in  the  State  of  Dela- 
ware, and  his  father  in  Millsboro,  "Washington  County,  Penn.  Roth 
his  grandfathers  came  from  Germany,  and  his  grandmothers  were  of 
American  origin.  Mr.  Hinerman,  the  third  in  a  family  of  ten 
ciiildren,  received  his  early  education  in  the  subscription  school. 
Having  been  reared  as  a  farmer,  he  has  made  this  occupation  his 
life  work,  and  has  met  with  success,  being  the  owner  of  a  line  farm 
of  170  acres  well  stocked  and  improved.  On  November  4,  1856, 
Mr.  Hinerman  was  united  in  marriage  with  a  daughter  of  Silas 
and  Jane  (Rickey)  Ayers,  who  were  of  American  ancestry.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Hinerman's  children  are  Solomon,  Stanton,  Tillie  M.,  Clara 
Dell,  Blanche  A.,  Walter  F.,  Rosa  Balton  and  Sarah  J.  (deceased). 
Mr.  Hinerman  is  a  Republican  and  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 
He  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Church  of  God,  in  which  Mr. 
Hinerman  is  superintendent  of  the  Sabbath-school  and  has  been 
elder  for  eighteen  years. 

J.  S.  HINERMAN,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born  in  Alep- 
po Township,  October  21,  1845.  His  parents  were  Jesse  and  Sarah 
(Shutterly)  Hinerman,  the  former  born  in  Washington  County,  Penn., 
and  the  latter  in  AVilmington,  Del.  They  were  of  German  origin, 
Mr.  Hinerman's  father,  who  was  a  farmer  through  life,  died  April 
3,  1877.  His  family  consisted  of  ten  children,  of  whom  the  subject 
of  our  sketch  is  the  youngest.  He  was  reared  on  the  home  farm 
and  acquired  a  common  school  education.  From  his  youth  he  has 
been  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits  and  has  been  quite  successful. 
He  is  the  owner  of  a  fine  residence  and  eighty-seven  acres  of  well 
cultivated  land.     Mr.  Hinerman  was  married  in   1800  to   Rebecca, 


ItlSTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  5(55 

ctaugliter  of  Leonard  Straight.  Her  parents  were  natives  of  Penn- 
sylvania, and  of  Dutch  extraction.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ilinerinan  are 
the  parents  of  the  following  named  children — Ida,  Alta,  Sarah  E., 
Luther  W.,  Mary  J.,  Curtis,  Clida,  Charles  B.  and  John.  Mr.  Ilin- 
erinan, who  is  a  Eepublican, " was  elected  justice  of  the  peace  in 
1880  and  re-elected  in  1885.  He  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the 
Church  of  God. 

LINDSEY  HINERMAN,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born 
June  16,  1828,  on  the  farm  he  now  owns  in  Aleppo  Township, 
Greene  County,  Penn.  He  is  a  son  of  George  and  Mary  (McCon- 
nell)  Hinerman,  M'ho  were  of  German  and  Irish  ancestry.  His 
grandfather,  George  Hinerman,  was  a  British  soldier,  but  remained 
in  this  country.  He  was.  like  many  other  members  of  the  family,  a 
farmer.  Mr.  Hinerman's  father  came  froui  Millsborouoh,  Washiiicr- 
•ton  County,  Penn.,  to  Greene  County  in  1823,  where  he  spent  his 
life  as  a  farmer  and  died  in  1876.  Lindsey  is  the  fifth  in  a  family 
of  eight  children.  He  was  reared  on  the  farm  and  attended  the  sub- 
scription schools.  He  has  made  farming  his  main  pursuit  and  owns 
467  acres  of  valuable  land,  well  stocked  and  improved.  Our  subject 
was  employed  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  liailroad  from  1848  to 
1853.  In  May,  1853,  Mr.  Hinerman  married  Miss  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  Jacob  and  Mary  (Whipkey)  Slonaker.  Their  children 
are  M,  S.,  Martha  J.,  wife  of  John  Tasker;  Sarah,  wife  of  H. 
Wise;  Emeline,  wife  of  Sherman  W.  S.  McCracken;  David,  Mary, 
J.  W.  H.  and  Ellsworth.     Mr.  Hinerman  is  a  Republican. 

WILLIAM  HOUSTON,  deceased,  who  Avas  a  farmer  and  stock- 
grower  by  occupation,  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1791.  AVhen  twelve 
years  of  age  he  came  1o  America  and  settled  in  Washington  County, 
Penn.,  where  he  learned  the  shoemaker's  trade  and  followed  it  as  a 
business  until  he  came  to  Greene  County  in  1836,  and  bought  the 
farm  in  Aleppo  Township  which  is  still  in  possession  of  the  family. 
Here  he  died  in  1854.  In  1820  Mr.  Houston  married  Esther, 
daughter  of  Captain  James  Dickey,  of  Washington  County,  Penn. 
Their  family  consisted  of  seven  children,  three  of  whom  are  living. 
They  are  W.  D.,  a  carpenter  and  contractor;  Samuel,  a  carpenter 
and  farmer;  and  Joseph.  The  last  two  mentioned  were  soldiers  of 
the  late  war,  in  Company  II,  Fifteenth  Pennsylvania  Yolunteer 
Cavalry.  The  family  are  highly  respected  in  the  community  in 
which  they  live. 

HIRAM  P.  MOSS,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  son  of  Jacob  and 
Eleanor  (Winnett)  Moss,  was  born  in  Richhill  Township,  this  county, 
March  22,  1844.  His  parents  were  of  English  and  Irish  lineage. 
His  mother  was  a  native  of  Washington  County,  Penn.  His  father, 
who  was  a  cabinet-make)-  and  carpenter  during  his  lifetime,  was 
born  in  Fayette  County,  and  died  in  1878  in  Greene   County.     His 


566  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

family  numbered  eight  cliildren,  Hiram  Porter  being  the  youngest. 
In  1868  the  subject  of  our  sketch  was  united  in  marriage  \vith  Miss 
Emma  Jane  Courtwright.  Their  children  are  Maggie,  Clara,  Mettie, 
May,  Mary  Addie,  Arthur  and  Emmett  Earl.  Mr.  Moss  learned 
cabinet-making  and  the  carpenter's  trade  with  his  father,  but  has 
devoted  his  time  chiefly  to  farming  and  the  raising  of  stock,  and  is 
the  owner  of  ninety-three  acres  of  valuable  land.  He  and  his  wife 
are  members  of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 

KEV.  JACOB  M.  MU'PJIAY,  minister  and  school  teacher,  was 
born  in  Fayette  County,  Penn.,  May  25,  1857.  He  is  a  son  of 
James  A.  and  Mary  (Miller)  Murray,  who  were  natives  of  Fayette 
County  and -of  German  and  Irish  lineage.  His  father,  who  is  a 
minister  in  The  Brethren  Church,  also  engages  in  farming  to  some 
extent  and  now  resides  in  Aleppo  Township,  where  he  settled  in 
1860.  Of  his  family  of  nine  children  six  are  still  living.  The 
subject  of  this  sketch  is  the  eighth  in  the  family  and  was  reared  on 
his  father's  farm  in  Aleppo  Township.  He  acquired  his  education 
in  common  and  select  schools  and  in  Monongahela  College  at  Jeffer- 
son, Penn.  He  began  teaching  when  only  seventeen  years  of  age 
and  is  now  considered  one  of  the  most  prominent  educators  in 
Greene  County.  At  the  age  of  twenty  he  united  with  the  Church 
of  The  Brethren,  and  was  ordained  as  a  minister  of  that  denomina- 
tion when  he  was  twenty-six.  Since  1887  he  has  had  charge  of  a 
congregation  at  Aleppo,  Penn.  Mr.  Murray  is  a  frequent  contribu- 
tor to  the  religious  journals.  He  is  held  in  high  esteem  by  all  who 
know  him.  He  was  united  in  marriage,  March  17,  1877,  with  Miss 
Julia  A.,  daughter  of  Henry  and  Elizabeth  (Evans)  Higgle,  who 
were  of  German  origin.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Murray  have  four  children, 
three  of  whom  are  living — Harry  Y.,  Oscar  C.  and  Vernie.  Mr. 
Murray  is  a  Democrat.  His  wife  is  a  member  of  The  Brethren 
Church  and  is  held  in  the  highest  esteem  by  all  who  know  her. 

JOSEPH  McCEACKEN,  P.  O.  Cameron,  Marshall  County,  West 
Ya.,  wasborn  in  AYashington  County,  Penn.,  February  13, 1827.  He  is 
a  son  of  Daniel  and  Mary  (Crall)  McCracken,  natives  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  of  Irish  and  Dutch  descent.  His  father,  who  died  in 
West  Yirginia,  was  a  farmer  all  his  life.  His  family  consisted  of 
eight  children,  of  whom  tl;e  subject  of  this  sketch  is  the  oldest.  He 
was  reared  on  the  farm  and  received  his  education  in  the  common 
school.  He  has  been  a  very  successful  farmer  and  stock-grower, 
having  at  one  time  owned  over  six  hundred  acres  of  land.  On  Feb- 
ruary 20,  1853,  Mr.  McCracken  married  Miss  Mary  E.,  daughter  of 
Jennings  J.  Moss,  and  they  have  nine  children,  viz.:  Joseph,  a 
farmer;  J.  C,  a  physician;  George  and  J.  M.  B.,  farmers;  Mary,  wife 
of  H.  T.  Winnett;  S.  W.  S.  and  Samuel  E.     Two  of  the  children  are 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  567 

deceased.  Mr.  McCrackeii  is  a  Ilepuhlican.  He  and  his  wife  and 
children  are  members  of  the  Metliodist  Episcopal  Church. 

S.  W.  S.  McCRACKEN,  farmer,  son  of  Joseph  and  Elizabeth 
(Moss)  McCracken,  was  born  in  this  county,  where  he  was  reared  on 
a  farm  and  attended  the  district  school.  He  is  one  of  the  industrious 
and  successful  young  farmers  of  his  township.  In  1888  Mr.  Mc- 
Cracken was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Emma,  daughter  of 
Lindsey  Hinerman,  one  of  the  wealthy  and  influential  citizens  of  the 
county.     Mr.  McCracken  is  a  Republican. 

JxVMES  McVAY,  farmer  and  wool-grower,  and  breeder  of  siiort- 
horn  cattle,  is  among  the  most  prominent,  influential  and  successful 
farmers  of  Greene  County.  He  was  born  in  Morris  Township,  this 
county,  March  21,  1824,  and  is  a  sou  of  John  and  Hannah  (Sidwell) 
McVay,  and  are  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  and  of  German  and  Irish 
descent  His  father  was  a  farmer  all  his  life  and  died  in  Greene 
County.  His  family  consisted  of  ten  children,  eight  of  whom  grew 
to  maturity.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  the  second  and  was  reared 
on  the  farm,  attending  the  subscription  schools.  Mr.  McVay  started 
in  the  world  with  little  else  than  a  determination  to  succeed.  He 
commenced  to  buy  stock  wlien  he  was  still  a  young  man,  buying  for 
other  parties  a  short  time,  but  soon  engaging  in  the  business  for 
liimself.  He  has  succeeded  in  accumulating  a  handsome  fortune.  In 
1865  Mr.  McYay  bought  244,000  pounds  of  wool.  His  land  in 
Greene  County  amounts  to  540  acres,  in  a  high  state  of  cultivation. 
In  1840  Mr.  McYay  married  Susan,  daughter  of  Henry  and  J\[ary 
(AVilliams)  Neel,  and  they  are  the  parents  of  the  following  children: 
Mary  M.,  wife  of  H.  H.  Parry;  Warren,  R.  M.,  William  I.  and  Han- 
nah M.,  wife  of  H.  C.  Snyder;  D.  L.  is  deceased.  Mr.  McYay  is  a 
Democrat.  His  wife  is  a  member  of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian 
Church. 

GEORGE  McYAY,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born  in  Aleppo 
Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  August  11,  1832.  He  is  a  son  of 
John  and  Hannah  (Sidwell)  McYay,  natives  of  Washington  and 
Greene  counties,  respectively.  Mr.  McYay  is  a  member  of  a  family 
of  twelve  children.  He  is  the  sixth,  and  was  reated  in  his  native 
township,  where  he  attended  the  common  schools.  He  has  made 
farming  and  stock-dealing  his  business  through  life  and  has  been 
greatly  prospered,  being  at  present  the  owner  of  300  acres  of  valuable 
land  in  this  county.  In  1852  Mr.  McYay  was  united  in  marriage 
with  Miss  Maria  Smith,  now  deceased.  They  were  the  parents  of 
four  children,  viz.:  Elizabeth,  Anfhony,  Sarah  and  Hannah.  Mr. 
McYay's  present  wife  was  Miss  Elizabeth  Long.  They  have  two 
children — Samuel  Patrick  and  Clara.  Mr.  McYay  is  a  Democrat. 
He  has  served  Ave  years  as  constable  and  one  term  as  d'rector  of  the 
poor  in  Greene  County. 


568  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

LEWIS  PARRY,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born  in  South 
Wales,  Great  Britain,  Febrnary  11,  1838,  and  is  a  son  of  Roger  L. 
and  Elizabeth  (Pngh)  Parry,  natives  of  Wales.  They  came  to 
America  in  1842,  first  settling  in  Pittsburgh.  They  subsequently 
moved  to  Washington  County,  Penn.,  and  settled  in  Aleppo  Town- 
ship, Greene  County,  in  1858.  Mr,  Parry's  father  was  a  farmer  and 
blacksmith.  Six  members  of  his  family  grew  to  maturity,  Lewis 
being  the  oldest.  lie  was  reared  in  Washington  County,  where  he 
also  received  his  education.  Mr.  Parry  T)egan  life  as  a  poor  boy, 
working  by  the  day  or  month,  but  by  industry  and  economy  he  has 
made  himself  a  nice  and  comfortable  home.  He  now  owns  116  acres 
of  good  land  *in  Greene  County.  In  November,  1859,  Mr.  Parry 
married  Mary  C,  daughter  of  John  and  Sarah  (Hunt)  Wood.  Her 
parents,  who  were  of  Dntch  and  Irish  descent,  were  natives  of  Greene 
County.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Pai-ry's  children  are — Sarah,  M'ife  of  Alorgan 
B.  Lewis;  John  R.,  William  W.,  Lou,  Emma  and  Mertie.  Mr. 
Parry  is  a  Cumberland  Presbyterian,  and  his  wife  is  a  member  of 
the  Disciple  Church.  In  18(32  he  enlisted  in  Company  A,  Eighteenth 
Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  and  was  a  non-commissioned  officer.  Lie  was 
taken  prisoner  in  Adams  County,  Penn.,  June  30,  1863.  He  subse- 
quently joined  the  regiment  in  Virginia,  serving  in  all  two  years  and 
ten  months,  and  was  honorably  discharged  July  12, 1865.  Mr.  Parry 
is  a  Republican,  and  a  prominent  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 

WILLIAM  M.  PARRY,  physician  and  surgeon,  was  born  in 
AVestmoreland  County,  Penn.,  May  12,  1843,  and  is  a  son  of  Roger 
L.  and  Elizabeth  (Pngh)  Parry,  natives  of  AVales.  His  father  was  a 
bhicksmith  by  trade,  but  engaged  in  farming  after  coming  to  America. 
The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  the  third  in  a  family  of  six  cliildren. 
He  was  reared  on  a  farm,  received  a  common-school  education,  and 
subsequently  took  a  course  in  the  Academy  at  West  Liberty,  Ohio 
County,  W.  Va.,  where  he  remained  for  several  years  and  studied 
medicine  witli  Dr.  Cooper  of  that  place.  Dr.  Parry  began  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession  at  Jacksonville,  Penn.,  remaining  there  tor  a 
period  of  two  years.  In  1870  he  located  in  Aleppo,  where  he  has 
since  been  in  active  practice.  Dr.  Parry  has  been  very  successful. 
He  owns  200  acres  of  valuable  land  where  he  resides,  and  has  a  lucra- 
tive practice.  He  was  united  in  njarriage,  September  13, 1871,  with 
Mary  A.,  daughter  of  Rev.  Lewis  Sammons.  Mrs.  Parry  is  of  Welsh 
and  German  extraction.  Their  children  are  Edith,  Jessie,  Jane,  Roger 
and  Burdette.  Dr.  Parry  is  a  Presbyterian,  and  his  wife  is  a  member 
of  the  Baptist  Church.  She  is  also  an  ardent  prohibitionist  and  a 
strong  advocate  of  woman's  snffrage.  He  is  a  Republican,  and  takes 
great  interest  in  educational  matters,  having  for  eight  years  served 
as  school  director.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Greene  County  Medical 
Society.     August  12,  1862,  Dr.  Parry  enlisted  in   Co.  D,  Twelfth 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  560 

West  Yirginia  Volunteer  Infantry,  and  served  till  the  close  of  the 
war.  lie  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  is  Past  Master  of  the 
Masonic  fraternity. 

B.  F.  j^ILILLIE^.  farmer  and  stock-grower,  M'as  born  in  Wasli- 
ington  County,  Fenn.,  July  10, 1833,  and  is  a  son  of  Levi  and  Sarah 
(McCracken)  Phillips,  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  and  of  Irish  origin, 
llis  father  was  a  farmer  all  his  life.  The  subject  of  our  sketch,  the 
youngest  of  eight  children,  was  reared  on  the  farm,  \vhere  he  received 
a  common-school  education.  Mr.  Phillips  has  made  farming  and 
stock-growing  his  employment  through  life,  and  owns  340  acres  of 
land,  which  he  has  procured  entirely  by  his  own  exertions.  He  was 
united  in  marriage,  in  1871,  with  Miss  Sarah,  daughter  of  Matthias 
and  Sai-ah  (McClain)  Eoseberry,  natives  of  Greene  Count3\  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Phillips  are  the  parents  of  four  children — Joseph  M.,  Ar- 
thur Lee,  Maggie  P.  and  Levi  N.  Mr.  Phillips  is  a  Republican  in 
politics. 

KEY.  LEWIS  SAMMONS,  deceased,  a  minister  of  the  Baptist 
Church,  was  born  January  22,  1815,  and  was  a  son  of  John  and 
Mary  (Jones)  Sammons.  His  parents  were  of  Welsh  and  Irish  de- 
scent. His  father  was  a  ship  captain,  and  in  early  life  ran  on  the 
Ohio  and  Mississippi  rivers.  After  leaving  the  river  he  followed  the 
carpenter  trade  and  auctioneering.  Rev.  Mr.  Sammons  was  an  only 
child.  He  was  born  in  Monongahela  Township,  this  county,  but  was 
reared  in  Fayette  County,  Penn.  He  received  his  education  in  the 
common  schools,  and  early  in  life  learned  the  cooper's  trade,  at  which 
he  M-orked  until  1836.  It  was  in  that  year  he  accepted  his  first 
charge  as  a  minister,  and  he  engaged  in  ministerial  work  during  the 
remainder  of  his  life.  He  was  united  in  marriage,  November  18, 
1841,  with  Miss  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Jacob  and  Susannah  (Gans) 
Rumble,  who  were  of  German  ancestry.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Sam- 
mons were  born  six  children,  viz:  Lebbeus,  who  is  a  farmer;  Mary, 
wife  of  Dr.  Parry;  Rossell,  a  prominent  farmer;  James  J.,  a  sur- 
veyor and  teacher,  who  has  taught  for  many  terms  in  Ohio,  West 
Yirginia,  Pennsylvania  and  Nebraska;  J.  L.,  a  physician  of  West 
Yirginia,  and  Sarah  E.,  a  teacher  of  music.  Mrs,  Sammons  is  still 
living,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  Church.  Rev.  Sammons  was 
the  minister  in  charge  at  Enon  Baptist  Church  in  1851,  and  was 
ordained  in  1853.  He  came  to  Greene  County  in  1857,  settling  in 
Aleppo  Township  nine  years  later.  He  was  ever  an  active  temper- 
ance worker  and  Republican.  He  was  successful  in  all  his  business 
pursuits,  owning  at  the  time  of  his  death  a  well-improved  farm  where 
his  family  reside  in  Aleppo  Township.  The  family  are  Republicans, 
and  highly  educated,  four  of  them  having  taught  ten  terms  of  school. 

ROSSEL]^  SAMMONS,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born  in 
Fayette  County,  Penn.,  July  12,  1852.     His  father  was   Rev.  Lewis 


570  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

Saramons,  a  well-known  Baptist  minister  and  active  temperance  ad- 
vocate, wlio  died  in  this  county  in  1879.  He  has  written  many- 
articles  against  intemperance,  and  always  preached  against  the  great 
evil.  Of  his  family  of  six  children,  Rossell  is  the  third.  He  lived 
in  Center  Township  until  he  was  thirteen  years  old,  when  he  came  to 
Aleppo  Township.  His  means  for  an  education  were  limited  to  the 
common  schools.  In  1872,  in  company  with  his  brother,  Mr.  Sam- 
mons  established  a  saw-mill  in  Greene  County,  where  they  were  very 
successful.  Mr.  Sammons  bought  a  small  farm  and  has  since  added 
to  it  other  purchases  until  at  present  he  owns  360  aci'es  of  line  land, 
well  stocked  and  improved.  In  1881  he  was  united  in  marriage  with 
Miss  Sarah,  daughter  of  Joseph  and  Eliza  (Lemmons)  Evans.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Sammons'  children  are  Lewis  E.,  Joseph  Wiley,  Olive  G. 
and  Osceola.     Mr.  Sammons  is  a  Kepublican  in  politics. 

LUTIIER  A.  SMITH,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born  in 
Richhill  Township,  Greene  County,  November  21, 1852.  His  parents 
were  Andrew  and  Ellen  (Little)  Smith.  His  father  was  born  in  Scot- 
land, and  came  to  America  when  a  young  man.  He  settled  in  Greene 
County,  where  he  died  in  1880.  His  mother  was  a  native  of  Wash- 
ington County.  *0f  a  family  of  six  children,  Luther  Smith  is  the 
fifth  who  grew  to  maturity.  He  was  brought  up  on  his  father's  farm 
and  received  a  common-school  education.  He  has  been  a  successful 
farmer,  and  owns  103  acres  of  excellent  land  where  he  resides  in 
Aleppo  Township.  Mr.  Smith  has  been  twice  married,  his  lirst  wife 
being  Mary,  daughter  of  John  and  Ellen  (Cox)  Edgar,  whom  he 
married  in  1871.  They  were  the  parents  of  three  children — Alonzo 
D.,  William  B.  and  Harry,  Mrs.  Smith  died  in  this  count}-.  Mr. 
Smith's  present  wife  is  Hannah,  daughter  of  Lewis  and  Jane  Pettit. 
They  were  married  in  1885,  and  have  one  child — John  C.  Mr.  Smith 
is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 

WILLIAM  TEDROW,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born  in 
Somerset  County,  Penn.,  June  17,  1823,  and  is  a  son  of  LLenry  and 
Elizabeth  (Johnson)  Tedrow,  who  were  of  German  and  English 
origin.  His  father,  who  was  a  farmer,  died  in  Aleppo  Township  in 
1876.  Of  his  family  of  nine  children,  the  subject  of  this  sketch  is 
the  second.  He  was  reared  on  the  home  farm  and  received  a  lim- 
ited education  in  the  old  log  school-house  of  the  district.  He  has 
made  a  success  of  his  farming  and  stock-growing,  and  now  owns  326 
acres  of  well  improved  land.  Mr.  Tedrow  was  married  in  Somerset 
County,  November  17,  1844,  to  Sarah  A.,  daughter  of  Leonard  and 
Elizabeth  (Whipkey)  Straight,  who  were  of  German  and  English 
extraction.  Mrs.  Tedrow  died  January  29,  1888.  Their  children 
are  Josiah.  William  H.,  Mariah,  Mary  E.,  wife  of  E.  B.  Moos; 
Catharine  A.,  wife  of  James  Whipkey;  Minerva  J.,  wife  of  M.  Bayles. 


IIISTOEY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  571 

Mr.  Tedrow  is  a  Democrat.  lie  belongs  to  the  Chnrch  of  God,  of 
which  his  deceased  wife  was  also  a  member. 

DAVID  ULLOM,  farmer  and  stock-grower  and  dealer  in  wool, 
was  born  in  Aleppo  Township,  this  county,  December  11,  1815,  and 
is  a  son  of  Peter  and  Matilda  (Kinney)  Ullom,  natives  of  Pennsyl- 
i^ania.  His  father  has  spent  a  long  life  as  a  farmer,  beihg  now 
eighty  years  of  age.  Mr.  David  Ullom  is  the  youngest  in  a  family 
of  six  cliildren  and  was  reared  on  the  farm  with  his  parents,  receiv- 
ing a  common  school  education.  He  has  spent  his  life  as  a  farmer 
and  has  given  a  good  deal  of  attention  to  the  raising  of  line  stock. 
lie  has  engaged  in  wool  buying  extensively  and  has  been  very  suc- 
cessful. Mr.  Ullom  owns  a  fine  farm  of  200  acres,  and  is  one  of 
Aleppo's  most  prominent  citi;cens.  On  October  14,  1869,  he  married 
Marry  Ellen,  daughter  of  Jacob  and  Catharine  (Huffman)  King. 
Her  parents  were  of  English  and  German  origin.  Mr.  King  is  a 
farmer  by  occupation.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ullom  have  one  child — Fratdvie 
D.  The  family  are  members  of  the  Church  of  God.  Mr.  Ullom  is 
a  trustee  in  the  church  and  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  Sabbath- 
school.     In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat. 

J.  M.  AVHITE,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  who  was  born  in  Som- 
erset County,  Penn.,  July  14,  1820,  is  a  son  of  Edward  and  Xancy 
(Rush)  White.  His  parents  were* natives  of  Somerset  County,  and 
of  English  lineage.  His  father,  who  came  to  Aleppo  Township 
in  1828,  was  a  farmer.  He  died  December  13,  1853.  His  mother 
lived  until  1872.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  the  second  in  a 
family  of  six  children,  and  was  reared  on  the  farm,  receiving  his 
education  in  the  common  schools.  He  chose  farming  as  his  occu- 
pation, has  made  his  own  way  in  the  world,  and  is  the  owner  of 
a  well  improved  farm  where  he  resides  in  Aleppo  Township.  Mr. 
White  was  united  in  marriage,  February  13,  1848,  with  Rebecca, 
daughter  of  Henry  and  Elizabeth  (Simons)  Hemett,  and  they  are 
parents  of  thres  children,  vi^ — ^Perry  J.,  Stephen  and  Sarah 
Estlier  (deceased).  Mrs.  White  is  a  member  of  the  Friends'  Church. 
Mr.  White  is  a  Democrat,  has  been  for  seventeen  years  justice  of 
the  peace,  and  has  served  as  school  director  in  his  township.  He  is 
a  prominent  member  of  the  I.   O.   O.  Y. 

JOSHUA  WOOD,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  bora  in 
Tyler  County,  W.  Ya.,  October  8,  1842.  He  is  a  son  of  John  and 
Sarah  (Hunt)  Wood,  who  were,  respectively,  of  Scotch  and  German 
and  English  origin.  His  father  was  born  in  Greene  County,  where 
he  spent  all  his  life  as  a  farmer  and  died  in  1868.  His  family  num- 
bered ten  children,  of  whom  Joshua  Wood  is  the  ninth.  He  was 
reared  in  Richhill  Township,  and  attended  the  common  schools. 
Early  in  life  he  learned  the  carpenter's  trade,  at  which  he  worked 
till  1878,  when  he    began  farming.      He    is  the   owner  of  a    well 


572  HISTORY  OF  geeene  county. 

stocked  and  improved  farm  of  180  acres.  In  18G1  Mr.  "Wood  en- 
listed in  Company  II,  Twentieth  Yolunteer  Infantry,  M'here  he 
served  three  months,  then  fe-enlisted  in  Company  B,  Seventh  West 
Virginia  Yohmtcer  Infantry  and  served  till  1862,  when  he  was  dis- 
charged for  disability,  having  had  two  of  his  fingers  shot  off.  He 
subsequently  spent  some  time  in  Great  Salt  Lake  City.  In  1874 
Mr.  Wood  njarried  a  widow  lady  of  Parkersburg,  W.  Va.  Her  first 
husband  was  John  Milton  Parker,  a  railroad  engineer  on  the  Balti- 
more &  Ohio  Itoilroad,  who  was  killed  in  1871  by  the  explosion  of 
his  engine.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Parker  were  the  parents  of  two  children 
Mertie  and  Kate  Parker.  Mrs.  Wood's  maiden  name  was  Emma 
A.  Barrett,  a  daughter  of  Caleb  and  Jemima  (Goucher)  Barrett,  who 
were  of  German  origin.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wood  have  three  children — 
Earl,  Herald  and  lona.  Mr.  Wood  is  a  Democrat.  He  and  wife 
are  members  of  tlie  Christian  Church. 

GEORGE  WOODRUFF,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  who  was 
born  in  Jefferson  Township,  September  18,  1832,  is  a  son  of  Benja- 
min and  Sarah  (Tuttle)  AVoodrufF,  who  were  of  Dutch  and  Irish 
descent.  Mr.  Benjamin  Woodruff  was  a  farmer  and  stock  dealer 
through  life.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  an  only  child.  He  was 
reared  as  a  farmer  and  has  made  a  success  of  his  business.  In  1880 
he  settled  in  Aleppo  Township  where  he  still  resides.  Mr.  Wood- 
ruff learned  the  blacksmith's  trade,  but  has  devoted  all  his  time  to 
agricultural  pursuits,  and  owns  a  good  farm  of  200  acres.  He  was 
married  in  1851,  to  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  James  and  Illioda  (Lewis) 
Nuss.  Their  children  are  Susan,  wife  of  W.  Balden;  Alice,  wife  of 
F.  Drake;  Benjamin,  George,  Andrew,  David,  William,  James  and 
Elizabeth.  The  deceased  is  John  Y.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Woodruff  are 
industrious  and  economical,  and  have  acquired  their  present  posses- 
sions entirely  by  their  own  efforts. 


CENTER    TOWNSHIP. 

S.  H.  ADAMSON,  retired  farmer,  Rogersville,  Penn.— The  sub- 
ject of  tliis  sketch  is  one  of  the  pioneers  of  Greene  County,  Penn. 
He  was  born  in  Morgan  Township,  May  2,  1822,  and  is  a  son  of 
Charles  and  Sarali  (Hatfield)  Adanison,  natives  of  Pennsylvania. 
They  were  the  parents  of  nine  children,  of  whom  only  four  are  liv- 
ing. Charles  and  Sarah  Adamson  departed  this  life  in  Greene 
County.  S.  II.  Adamson  was  twice  married;  first,  September  17, 
1813,  with   Lucy   Knight,   who  was  born  in    this  county   March  7, 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  573 

1825.  Mrs.  Adamson  was  a  daughter  of  James  and  Cassandra 
Knight,  who  were  natives  of  Greene  County,  where  they  remained 
tlirough  life.  By  this  marriage  Mr.  Adamson  is  the  father  of  six 
children,  of  whom  only  two  are  living — James  K.  and  Charles.  Mrs. 
Adamson  departed  this  life  jS^ovemlier  17,  1808..  Mr.  Adamson  was 
united  in  marriage  the  second  time,  with  Mary  (Hipert)  Cronse, 
February  7,  1869.  She  is  a  daughter  of  Peter  Hipert,  and  was  born 
in  Eichland  County,  Ohio,  June  20, 1837.  Mr.  Adamson  was  reared 
on  a  farm  and  has  been  engaged  in  farming  almost  all  his  life.  lie 
was  in  the  mercantile  business  at  Ilogersville  for  a  period  of  two 
years,  and  in  1849  was  elected  auditor  of  the  county  and  served 
three  years.  In  1859  he  was  elected  county  treasurer  and  served  in 
that  position  two  years.  He  was  elected  county  commissioner  in 
1881  and  tilled  that  office  three  years.  Mr.  Adamson  owns  about 
450  acres  of  land.  He  is  one  of  the  enthusiastic  Democrats  of 
the  county. 

GEORGE  A.  BAYARD,  merchant,  Eogersville,  Penn.,  was 
born  in  this  county,  April  11,  1832.  He  is  a  son  of  Samuel  P.  and 
Hannah  Bayard  (^nee  Mitchell)  who  were  natives  of  Greene  County, 
where  they  resided  until  Mr.  Bayard's  death,  which  occurred  July 
17,  1885.  His  widow  survives  him.  George  was  united  in"  mar- 
riage, October  6,  1859,  with  Martha  Morris,  who  was  born  in  this 
county,  August  19,  1837.  She  is  a  daughter  of  Ephraim  and 
Martha  Morris,  deceased.  At  a  very  early  age  Mr.  Bayard  learned 
the  trade  of  a  tanner,  which  he  followed  until  he  was  twenty-live 
years  old.  He  then  engaged  in  farming  until  1878,  when  he  began 
merchandising  in  Rogersville,  where,  he  owns  a  general  store.  He 
received  the  appointment  of  postmaster  at  Rogersville  in  1880,  and 
has  been  filling;  that  position  ever  since. 

HENKY  BOAVLER,  retired  farmer,  Rogersville,  Penn.— The 
gentleman  whose  name  heads  this  sketch  is  well  known  in  Center 
Township,  having  lived  on  his  present  farm  since  the  date  of  his 
birth,  May  27,  1818.  His  parents  were  John  and  Mary  Bowler,  the 
former  a  native  of  Maryland  and  the  latter  of  Greene  County,  Penn., 
where  they  resided  jintil  their  death.  Mrs.  Bowler  died  in  1819,  and 
her  husband  in  1845.  On  June  5,  1849,  Henry  Bowler  married 
Penelope  Stewart,  who  was  born  in  this  county  in  1815.  Her  par- 
ents were  AVilliam  and  Naoma  Stewart,  natives  of  Pennsylvania, 
w^io  departed  this  life  in  Monroe  County,  Ohio.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Bowder  were  born  two  children — Elizabeth  S.,  wife  of  Stephen 
Knight;  and  William,  who  married  Ruth  Seckman.  Mrs.  Bowler 
departed  this  life  December  31,  1880.  Mr.  Bowder  was  reared  on  a 
fai'm  and  engaged  very  successfully  in  farming  during  the  moi-e 
active  part  of  his  life.  He  is  the  owner  of  about  237  acres  of  land 
in  Center  Township.     In  jDolitics  he  is  a  Republican. 


574  HISTORY    OF    GEEENE    COUNTY. 

THOMAS  T.  BURROUGHS,  farmer,  P.  O.  Rutan,  was  bom  in 

"Washington  County,  Penn.,  September  20,  1827.  Ilis  parents  were 
Samuel  and  Temperance  (Reeves)  Burroughs,  also  natives  of  Wash- 
ington County.  They  lived  in  Greene  County  for  a  short  time  after 
their  marriage,  then  moved  to*  Washington  County,  Iowa,  and  re- 
mained until  their  death.  Thomas  was  united  in  marriage  January 
1,  1852,  with  Eliza  J.  Scott,  She  was  born  March  3,  1829,  on  the 
farm  where  she  lives  in  Center  Township.  Mrs.  Burroughs  is  a 
daughter  of  John  and  Susannah  Scott  (-iiee  Nicehonger),  wdio  were 
natives  of  Greene  County,  where  they  were  married  and  remained 
through  life.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Burroughs  have  a  family  of  nine  chil- 
dren— Hamilton  S.,  Arabella,  wife  of  P.  F.  Headley;  Charlotte  A., 
wife  of  Leroy  Marsh;  Elmira,  wife  of  T.  N.  Millikin;  John  M., 
James  H.,  William  E.,  Bertha  V.  and  Thomas  B.  Mr.  Burroughs 
has  spent  his  whole  life  as  a  farmer,  and  owns  165  acres  of  land, 
constituting  his  home  farm, 

H.  S.  BUPIiOUGHS,  physician,  Rutan,  Penn.,  was  born  in 
Center  Township,  this  county,  December  28,  1852,  His  parents, 
Thomas  T.  and  Eliza  J.  Burrouglis  (^nee  Scott),  are  natives  of  Greene 
County  and  residents  in  Center  Township.  The  Doctor  was  united 
in  marriage  June  28,  1882,  with  Maggie  A,  Hopkins,  born  October 
1,  1859.  Her  parents  are  Samuel  and  Martha  Hopkins  {nee  Milli- 
kin), who  are  natives  of  this  county  and  reside  in  Morris  Township. 
Dr.  Burroughs  began  reading  medicine  May  1,  1875,  with  Dr.  John 
T.  lams,  of  Waynesburg,  Penn.  He  graduated  from  the  Jefferson 
Medical  College  of  Philadelphia,  Penn.,  March  12,  1879,  and  in  the 
following  April  commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Rutan, 
Penn.,  where  he  still  resides  with  his  family.  The  Doctor  is  well 
qualified  for  the  duties  of  his  profession  and  has  a  good  practice. 
He  is  a  Baptist,  and  his  wife  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Church. 

JAMES  CALL,  retired  farmer,  P.  O.  Rogersville,  was  born  in 
Center  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  September  17,  1825.  His 
father  and  mother,  James  and  Sarah  (Hoge)  Call,  were  natives  of 
Greene  County,  where  they  were  married  and  spent  the  remainder  of 
their  lives.  They  departed  this  life  at  the  home  of  their  son  James 
Mrs.  Call  March  7,  1862,  and  her  husband  June  13,  1868.  In  Oc- 
tober 22,  1849,  James  Call  married  Martha  Yanwey,  who  was  born 
in  Perry  County,  Ohio,  December  31,  1833.  Her  parents,  John 
and  Anna  (Mains)  Yanwey,  were  natives  of  New  Jersey,  and  after 
marriage  resided  in  Perry  County,  Ohio,  until  their  death.  To  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Call  have  been  born  seven  children,  of  whom  six  are  living 
Harvey  L.,  Robert  H.,  Zadok  G.,  Mary  E.,  wife  of  Asa  W.  Morris; 
Ida  M.,  wife  of  Thomas  R,  Knight  and  Martlia  A.  AVilliam  is 
deceased.  Mr,  Call  was  reared  on  a  farm,  and  has  en<racred  in  farm- 
lug  as  a  business  through  life.     He  owns  about  140  acres  of  land, 


HISTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUXTY.  575 

where  lie  and  family  reside.  lie  engaged  in  merchandising  in  Oak 
Forest  about  nine  years.  In  1860  he  was  elected  justice  of  the 
peace  of  Center  Township,  and  served  ten  years.  He  and  family  are 
representative  citizens  of  Center  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn. 

THOMAS  J.  CARPENTER,  farmer,  P.  O.  Rutan,  was  born  in 
Gilmore  Township,  this  county,  January  1,  1858.  He  is  a  son  of 
Joseph  and  Elizabeth  Carpenter  {iiee  Stewart).  His  father  was  born 
in  New  York  and  his  mother  in  Greene  County,  Penn.,  where  they 
were  married  and  have  since  made  their  home.  Thomas  J.  Carpen- 
ter was  twice  married;  first,  January  11,  1879,  to  Belle  Grove,  who 
was  born  in  Center  Township,  J  nne  14,  1860,  and  is  a  daughter  of 
William  and  Rebecca  (Shaw)  Grove.  I3y  this  marriage  Mr.  Car- 
penter is  the  father  of  one  child — W.  E.  Carpenter.  Mrs.  Carpen- 
ter departed  this  life  October  7,  1883.  Mr.  Carpenter's  second  wife 
was  Jessie  L.  Supler,  whom  he  married  September  28,  1885.  She 
was  born  September  16,  1865,  and  is  a  daughter  of  Martin  and 
Lizzie  R.  (Goodwin)  Supler,  who  reside  in  Richhill  Township.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Carpenter  have  one  child — Floyd  M.  Mr.  Carpenter  was 
engaged  in  merchandising  until  twenty- two  years  of  age,  at  which 
time  he  began  farming,  in  which  he  has  engaged  as  a  business  ever 
since.  He  owns  112  acres  of  land,  where  he  lives  with  his  family. 
He  and  wife  are  members  ot  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Clinrch.  His 
deceased  wife  was  a  member  ot  the  Christian  Church. 

R.  B.  CHURCH,  farmer,  Holbrook,  Penn.,  was  born  in  Center 
Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  June  17,  1812.  His  parents  are 
Elijah  and  Anna  Church  {iiee  Moore),  who  are  natives  of  Greene 
County,  where  they  now  reside.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was 
united  in  marriage  July  13,  1867,  with  Sarah  Thomas,  who  was 
born  in  Center  Township  April  18,  1851.  She  is  a  daughter  of 
John  and  Mary  Thomas  {iiee  Wood),  the  former  deceased.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Church  are  the  parents  of  four  children,  two  of  whom  are 
living — George  W.  and  Hamilton.  The  deceased  are  Fannie  and 
Asa  C.  Mr.  Church  has  followed  the  occupation  of  farming  throuo-h 
life,  and  owns  166  acres  of  land  M'here  he  and  family  live.  Durino- 
the  late  Rebellion  he  entered  the  service  of  his  country  in  Company 
F,  Eighty-fifth  Yolunteers,  serving  four  years  and  four  months.  He 
was  in  a  number  of  serious  engagements,  in  one  of  which,  in  1863, 
he  was  severely  wounded.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Church  are  consistent 
members  of  the  Christian  church,  and  are  among  the  leading  families 
of  Center  Township. 

G.  M.  CHURCH,  cabinet-maker,  Rogersville,  Penn.,  was  l)orn 
in  Greene  County,  Penn.,  February  13,  1845,  and  is  a  son  of  Elijah 
and  Anna  Church,  who  "were  natives  of  this  county,  where  they  now 
reside.  Mr.  Church  w'as  united  in  tire  holy  bonds  of  matrimony 
July    31,  1870,  with    Nancy  L.,    daughter   of  William   and  Sarah 


g7'6  HISTORY    OF    GRfiElSfE    COUNTY. 

Sliarpnack.  Mrs.  Chnrcli  was  born  at  Ilice's  .Landing,  Penn.,  October 
11, 1845.  She  and  her  husband  have  a  family  of  three  children.,  two 
of  whom  are  living,  viz.,  William  E.  and  Anna  S.  Mr.  Church  is  a 
cabinet-maker  by  trade,  which  he  followed  the  most  of  his  life.  He 
owns  a  nice  furniture  store  and  good  property  in  Kogersville,  where 
he  and  family  reside.  When  the  war  broke  out  he  enlisted  in  the 
service  of  his  country  in  Company  F,  Eighty-fifth  Pennsylvania 
Yolunteers,  and  served  two  years,  during  which  time  he  passed 
through  a  number  of  serious  engagements.  In  politics  Mr.  Church 
is  a  Kepublican.  He  and  family  are  among  the  leading  citizens  in 
the  village  where  they  reside. 

CEPHAS  CLUTTER,  a  retired  farmer  of  Hunter's  Cave,  Penn., 
was  born  in  Washington  County,  Penn.,  January  6,  1801,  and  is  a 
son  of  William  and  Sarah  Clutter  (^nee  Rutan).  His  parents,  who 
were  natives  of  New  Jersey,  were  married  in  Washington  County, 
Penn.,  and  remained  there  until  their  death.  The  subject  of  our 
sketch  was  united  in  the  holy  bonds  of  matrimony  August  25,  1827, 
with  Laura  Day,  who  was  born  in  Greene  County  July  25,  180'J. 
Mrs.  Clutter  is  a  daughter  of  William  and  Mary  Day  (iiee  Sutton), 
who  were  also  natives  of  New  Jersey,  and  after  marriage  settled  in 
Greene  County,  Penn.,  where  they  remained  until  their  death.  To 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Clutter  were  born  seven  children,  five  now  living, 
viz. — William,  Zebulon,  John  M.,  Mary  J.,  wife  of  Lewis  Baltzell; 
and  Spencer  B.  The  deceased  are  Franklin  and  Robinson.  Mr. 
Clutter  has  always  lived  on  a  farm,  and  has  been  engaged  in  farming 
and  stock-raising  all  his  life.  He  owned  at  one  time  over  640  9.cres 
of  land  in  this  county.  About  400  acres  of  this  he  has  given  to 
his  children,  and  owns  240  acres  where  he  resides.  Mrs.  Clutter, 
who  was  a  devoted  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  died 
July  19,  1885.  She  and  her  husband  made  their  home  in  Center 
Township  for  nearly  half  a  century. 

J.  M.  CLUTTER,  farmer,  Harvey's,  Penn.,  was  born  in  Greene 
County,  Penn.,  February  29,  1832.  His  father  and  mother  are 
Cephas  and  Laura  (Day)  Clutter,  natives  of  Washin^^ton  and  Greene 
Counties,  respectivel3^  They  were  united  in  marriage  August  25, 
1827,  and  settled  in  Greene  County,  where  they  have  since  resided. 
Mrs.  Clutter  departed  this  life  July  19,  1885.  Her  husband  is  still 
living,  having  reached  the  advanced  age  of  eighty-four  years.  The 
subject  of  our  sketch  was  united  in  marriage  January  1,  1856, 
with  Elizabeth  Ullom,  who  was  born  in  this  county  November 
14,  1834.  Mrs.  Clutter  is  a  daughter  of  Daniel  T.  and  Anna 
(Johnson)  Ullom,  who  were  residents  of  this  county  until  Mr. 
Ullom's  death.  His  widow  is  still  living  at  the  old  homestead. 
Mr.  Clutter  was  reared  on  a  farm,  and  has  been  a  successful  farmer 
through  life.     He  owns  146    acres    of   good    land,  where    he    and 


HISTORY    OF    GTlEENE    COUNTY.  577 

family  reside.  He  is  considered  one  of  the  most  substantial  farmers 
and  among  the  leading  citizens  of   Center  Township. 

W.  H.  COOK,  retired  farmer,  Harvey's,  Penn,,  was  born  in  Nor- 
wich, Connecticut,  May  7,  1817.  He  is  a  son  of  William  and  Mar- 
garet (Harvey)  Cook,  the  former  a  native  of  Scotland  and  the  latter 
of  England.  They  were  married  in  New  York  City,  M-here  they  re- 
mained sometime,  then  moved  to  Connecticut,  and  in  1818  moved  to 
Greene  County.  Penn.  Soon  after  their  arrival  in  the  county,  Mr. 
Cook  took  a  trip  on  a  keal  boat  down  the  Ohio  River,  and  was  never 
heard  of  after  he  left  AVheeling,  AV.  Ya.  His  widow  remained  in 
Greene  County  until  her  death,  which  occurred  in  1875.  W.  H. 
Cook  was  their  only  child,  and  was  united  in  marriage,  November  2, 
1847,  with  Elizabeth  Rinehart,  who  was  born  in  Waynesburg  in  1825. 
Mrs.  Cook  is  a  daughter  of  Jesse  and  Lucy  (Workman)  Einehart, 
natives  of  Greene  (Jounty,  where  tliey  remained  until  their  death, 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cook  are  the  parents  of  seven  children,  viz.:  Jesse  li., 
Margaret,  wife  of  Jacob  Braddock;  Maria  II.,  wife  of  Abner  Phillips; 
Samuel  H.,  Lora,  Francis  L.,  wife  of  Hiram  Smith;  and  Thomas  H. 
Mr.  Cook  is  a  house-jcnner  by  trade,  which  he  has  followed  almost 
all  his  life.  In  later  years  he  engaged  extensively  in  farming,  and 
owns  350  acres  of  land  in  this  county.  Mr^  Cook  has  served  as 
school  director,  and  belongs  to  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  of 
which  his  wife,  who  died  May  1(5,  1885,  was  also  a  foithful  member. 

LAYTON  CHOUSE,  farmer,  Rogersville,  Penn.— The  gentle- 
man whose  name  heads  this  sketch  is  one  of  the  prosperous  farmers 
of  Center  Township,  where  he  was  born  August  23,  1827.  He  is  a 
son  of  Samuel  and  Rebecca  Crouse,  also  natives  of  this  county  and 
residents  therein  until  their  death.  They  were  the  parents  of  nine 
children,  five  living.  Layton  Avas  united  in  marriage,  January  5, 
18G1,  with  Catharine  M.  Thomas.  Mrs.  Crouse  was  born  in  Greene 
County,  June  28,  1839,  and  is  a  daughter  of  Eli  and  Sarah  Thomas 
{nee  Knight),  also  natives  of  this  county.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Crouse  are 
the  parents  often  children,  five  of  whom  are  living,  viz.:  Marj'-  B., 
Janette,  Elizabeth,  Campbell  and  Sherman.  The  deceased  are 
Lucy,  Sarah  J.,  Franklin,  Eli  and  Walter  S.  Mr.  Couse  was  raised 
on  a  farm  and  has  been  engaged  in  farming  all  his  life.  He  owns 
140  acres  of  land  where  he  and  his  family  live.  In  politics  he  is  a 
Republican. 

S.  B.  EAGON,  farmer,  Rogersville,  Penn.,  was  born  in  Center 
Township  November  25,  1831.  His  father  and  mother,  Uriah  and 
Cassandra  (Adamson)  Eagon,  were  natives  of  Pennsylvania.  The 
former  was  born  August  21,  1802,  and  the  latter  March  21,  1804. 
They  were  married  October  10,  1822,  and  were  the  parents  of  nine 
children,  of  whom  six  are  living.  The  subject  of  our  sketch  was 
united  in  marriage,  September  8,  1853,  with  Sarah  A.  Thomas,  who 


578  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

^\•;l6  born  in  Center  Township  January  23,  1832.  Her  parents  were 
Eli  and  Sarah  Thomas,  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  who  departed  this 
life  in  Center  Township.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Eagon  have  been  born 
three  children,  of  whom  two  are  living — Jesse  K.  and  Sarah  J., — 
Uriah  is  deceased.  Mr.  Eagon  has  been  engaged  in  farming  the 
greater  part  of  his  life,  and  owns  about  150  acres  of  land  where  he 
and  his  family  reside.  During  the  rebellion  he  entered  the  service 
of  his  country,  enlisting  in  Company  A.,  Eighteenth  Fennsyluania 
Cavalry,  and  served  two  years  and  ten  months.  In  politics  he  is  a 
Kepublican   and  is  a   member  of  the  G.  A.  R. 

A.  G.  FORDYCE,  retired  farmer,  White  Cottage,  Penn.— The 
subject  of  this  sketch  is  one  of  the  pioneer  citizens  of  Greene  County. 
lie  was  born  December  4,  1807.  His  father  and  mother  were  Jacob 
and  Elizabeth  Fordyce,  the  former  a  native  of  IS'ew  Jersey  and  the 
latter  of  Fayette  County,  Pennsylvania.  They  settled  in  Greene 
County  and  remained  until  their  death.  A.  G.  Fordyce  was  united 
in  marriage  the  lirst  time,  March  11,  1827,  with  Nancy  Leonard,  who 
was  born  in  this  county  March  2,  1809.  Her  parents  were  William 
and  Elizabeth  Leonard,  both  now  deceased.  By  this  marriage  Mr. 
Fordyce  is  the  father  of  twelv^e  children,  of  w'hom  eight  are  living, 
viz.;  Jacob,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  LaFaj^ette  Eagon;  Maria,  wife  of 
Jesse  Wood;  Sarah,  wife  of  Edward  Wood;  AVilliam,  Silas,  Barnet, 
and  Clarinda,  wife  of  A.  R.  White.  Mrs.  Fordyce  departed  this  life 
October  22, 1855.  On  October  30,  1856,  Mr.  Fordyce  was  again 
united  in  marriage  with  Elizabeth  Simmons,  who  w^as  born  in  Wash- 
ington County,  Penn.,  May  28,  1823.  Mr.  Fordyce's  parents  were 
Spencer  and  Mary  Simmons,  who  settled  in  Greene  County  and  re- 
mained nntil  their  death.  Bj  the  second  marriage  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Fordyce  have  three  children,  only  one  of  whom  is  living — AlbertG . 
Mr  Fordyce  was  reared  on  a  farm,  has  been  engaged  in  farming  all 
his  life,  and  owns  a  farm  of  280  acres.  In  politics  he  is  a  Repub- 
lican. Mr.  and  Mrs.  Fordyce  are  faithful  members  of  the  Christian 
Church,  of  which  his  deceased  wife  was  also  a  devoted  member.  Mr. 
Fordyce  has  fifty-three  grand-children,  twenty-eight  great-grand- 
children and  some  of  them  are  married. 

SILAS  FORDYCE,  a  farmer  of  Ilolbrook,  Penn.,  was  born  June 
20,  1842,  on  the  old  Fordyce  homestead  in  Center  Township,  Greene 
County,  Penn.  His  parents  were  Archibald  G.  and  Nancy  Fordyce 
(??-ee  Leonard),  who  were  born  in  this  county — Mr.Fordyce  Dec.  4, 
1807,  and  his  wife  March  2,  1809.  They  were  married  March  11, 
1827  and  remained  in  the  county  until  Mrs.  Fordyce's  death,  which 
occurred  October  22,  1855.  After  her  death  Mr.  Fordyce  was  united 
in  marriage  with  Elizabeth  Simmons,  a  native  of  Washington  County, 
Penn.  On  Januai-y  23,  1862,  Silas  Fordyce  married  Mary  J.  Orndurf, 
who  was  born  in  Whiteley  Township,  October   1,  1842.      She  is  a 


History  of  greene  county.  579 

daugliter  of  Jesse  and  Isabella  Orndiirt',  tlie  latter  deceased.  Mr. 
Fordyce  and  wife  are  the  parents  of  ten  children,  of  whom  nine  are 
living — Nancy  B,,  William  L.,  Jesse,  Louella  E.,  Susan,  Archibald, 
Nevada,  Garlield,  Frank,— and  Lillie  (deceased).  The  snbject  of  this 
sketch  was  raised  on  a  farm,  and  has  been  engagedin  farming  and 
stock-raising  almost  all  his  life.  He  owns  300  acres  of  land  where 
he  resides  with  his  family.  In  politics  Mr.  Fordyce  is  a  llepublican. 
When  the  war  broke  out  he  enlisted  in  the  Eighteenth  Pennsylvania 
Cavalry  and  served  his  country  one  year  and  eight  months,  during 
which  time  he  was  in  a  number  of  serious  engagements.  He  and  his 
wife  are  consistent  members  of  the  Christian  Church. 

JESSE  FOKDYCE,  deceased,  was  a  resident  of  Center  Town- 
ship, Greene  County,  Penn.,  where  he  was  born  May  28,  1831.  He 
was  a  son  of  Jacob  and  Martha  Fordyce,  natives  of  Greene  County, 
now  deceased.  Jesse  was  united  in  marriage,  November  10,  1859, 
with  Rachel  Orndoff.  Mrs.  Fordyce  was  born  in  Center  Townshi]), 
this  county,  September  19,  1829,  and  is  a  daughter  of  William  and 
Salome  Orndotf  (^nee  Wisecarver).  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Fordyce  are  the 
parents  of  one  child — xlrdella,  born  April  5,  1861.  Mr.  Fordyce 
was  reared  on  a  farm  and  engaijed  in  farming  thnnio-h  life.  At  the 
time  of  his  death  he  was  the  owner  of  ninety-six  acres  of  land,  where 
his  widow  and  dauijhter  now  reside.  He  belontred  to  the  Methodist 
Protestant  Church,  of  which  Mrs.  Fordyce  is  also  a  devoted  member. 
In  politics  Mr.  Fordyce  was  a  llepublican.  He  departed  this  life 
April  11,  1885,  and  by  his  death  the  township  lost  a  good  citizen, 
and  his  family  a  kind  father  and  husband. 

S.  K.  FOllDYCE,  farmer,  Pogersville,  Peun,,  was  born  in  Cen- 
ter Township  August  7,  1811-  He  is  a  son  of  Jacob  and  Martha 
Fordyce,  who  M'ere  natives  of  Greene  County  and  now  deceased.  On 
June  22,  1807,  S.  R.  Fordyce  married  Elizabeth  OrndufF,  who  was 
born  in  Greene  County  March  13,  1850.  She  is  a  daughter  of  Jesse 
and  Susan  Orndurf  (^iiee  Wear).  Mr.  Orudurf  was  born  in  Franklin 
Township  May  20,1816,  and  Mrs.  Orndnrf  in  West  VirginiaNovember 
21,  182(5,  and  they  reside  in  Center  Township.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  For- 
dyce are  the  parents  of  two  children — Archibald  and  Edison.  Mr. 
Fordyce  was  born  and  reared  on  his  present  farm,  and  has  been  en- 
gaged in  farming  the  most  of  his  life.  He  owns  about  111  acres  of 
land  where  he  and  family  reside.  In  politics  he  is  a  Republican. 
During  the  late  rebellion  he  enlisted  in  the  service  of  his  country  in 
Company  1,  Eighth  P.  R.  V.  C,  and  was  in  tlie  service  almost  three 
years,  passing  through  many  serious  engagements.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Fordyce  are  faithful  members  of  the  M.  P.  Church. 

D.  W.  FRY,  Waynesburg,  Penn.,  was  born  in  Wayne  Township, 
Greene  County,  Penn.,  February  26,  1838,  and  is  a  son  of  George 
and  Elizabeth  Fry.     His  parents  were  born  in  Greene  County — his 

30 


580  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

fatlier  in  1813,  and  his   motlier  in  1818.     She  died  November  10, 

1883.  They  were  the  parents  of  seven  children,  live  of  whom  are 
living.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  united  in  marriage,  March 
10,  1859,  with  Sarah,  daugliter  of  John  Simington.  She  departed 
this  life  April  18,  1860.  Mr.  Frj  was  a  second  time  married,  July 
14,  1861,  with  Mary  M.  Eagon,  a  native  of  Greene  County,  where 
she  was  born  May  13,  1843.  Her  parents,  Uriah  and  Cassandra 
Eagon,  are  both  deceased.  Mr,  and  Mrs.  Fry  are  the  parents  of 
three  children — Elizabeth  S.,  wife  of  Joseph  Plufl'man ;  George  W. 
and  Louie.  Mr.  Fry  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  has  devoted  all  his 
time  to  farming.  He  owns  230  acres  of  land,  on  which  are  sub- 
stantial buildings.  He  also  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  at 
Rogersville  for  a  period  of  eighteen  months.  In  politics  Mr.  Fry  is 
a  Republican,  and  he  and  his  wife  are  prominent  members  of  the 
Christian  Church. 

W.  C.  FRY,  farmer,  Waynesburg,  Greene  County,  Penn. — The 
subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  in  June,  1847,  on  the  farm  where  he 
resides  in  Center  Township,  Greene  County,  Peim.  He  is  a  son  of 
AVilliam  and  Susannah  (Strosnider)  Fry,  pioneers  of  the  county. 
William  Fry,  Sr.,  was  born  June  9,  1808,  and  his  wife  in  1812. 
They  were  united  in  marriage  in  1832  and  have  resided  in  this  county 
all  their  lives.  They  are  the  parents  of  eleven  children,  nine  of  whom 
are  living.  W.  C.  is  the  sixth.  He  was  united  in  marriage  in  Ajn-il, 
1878,  with  Lizzie  R.,  daughter  of  Abnor  M.  Railcv.  She  was  a 
native  of  Greene  County,  born  in  1857.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Fry  were 
born  two  children — Alonzo  B.  and  Lida  B.  Mrs.  Fry,  who  was  a 
kind  and  affectionate  wife  and   mother,  departed  this  life  August  1, 

1884.  Mr.  Fry  was  reared  on  a  farm,  and  OAvns  120  acres  of  land  in 
Center  Township.  In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat,  and  belongs  to 
the  Christian  Church. 

JOHN  S.  FUNK,  farmer,  Rutan,  Penn.,  was  born  in  Jefferson 
Township,  this  county,  November  7,  1827.  His  parents,  Henry  and 
Levina  (Smith)  Funk,  who.  were  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  were  united 
in  marriage  in  Greene  County,  where  they  resided  until  their  death. 
The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  united  in  the  holy  bonds  of  matri- 
mony, June  4,  1854,  with  Margaret  Craft,  who  was  born  in  Fayette 
County  November  6,  1832.  Mrs.  Funk  is  a  daughter  of  Benjamin 
and  Mary  Craft,  who  were  natives  of  Fayette  County,  and  after 
marriage  moved  to  Greene  County,  and  remained  until  Mr.  Craft's 
death.  His  widow  is  still  living.  Mr.  Funk  and  wife  are  the  parents 
of  four  cliildren — George,  Elizal^eth,  James  and  "Wellington.  Mr. 
Funk  taught  school  for  fifteen  years  in  the  earlier  part  of  his  life, 
and  has  since  devoted  his  time  exclusively  to  farming.  He  still 
takes  an  active  interest  in  the  educational  affairs  of  his  township,  and 


HISTOP.Y    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  581 

lias  served  as  school  director.  lie  is  the  owner  of  a  good  farm  <>i' 
105  acres,  where  he  and  family  reside. 

EAGON  GOODEN,  a  retired  farmer  of  Ilutan,  Penn.,  was  born 
in  WajMie  Township,  this  county,  February  22,  1828,  He  is  a  son 
of  William  F.  and  Mary  (Shields)  Gooden,  who  were  natives  of 
Greene  County,  where  they  were  married.  Mrs.  Gooden  is  deceased. 
Her  husband  is  now  a  resident  of  Guernsey  County,  Ohio.  The 
subject  of  this  sketch  was  united  in  marriage  September  19,  1850, 
with  Elizabeth  Wells.  Mrs.  Gooden  was  born  in  Greene  County 
August  20,  1829,  and  is  a  daughter  of  James  and  E,hoda  (Orndolf) 
Wells,  also  natives  of  this  county,  where  they  were  married  and  re- 
mained until  the  death  of  Mrs.  A\"ells,  Mr.  Wells  is  still  livino-  und 
resides  in  Center  Township.  Mr.  Gooden  and  wife  are  the  parents 
of  eleven  children,  of  whom  ten  are  living — William  T.,  Margaret 
J.,  wife  of  lieasin  Davis;  Mary,  wife  of  James  Morris;  James 
B.,  John  J.,  Ithoda,  wife  of  Henry  Luellen;  Eliza  A.,  wife  of 
Thomas  L.  McKerrian;  Sarah  A,,  wife  of  Charles  JS'^.  Marsh;  Har- 
riet F.,  Flora  B.,  and  Jesse  (deceased).  In  early  life  Mr.  Gooden 
taught  school  for  about  nineteen  years;  lie  would  teach  in  the  winter 
and  work  as  a  farm  hand  through  the  summer.  His  first  purchase 
of  land  was  in  AVayne  Township.  It  consisted  of  eighty-two  acros 
which  he  sold,  and  in  1869  l)ought  his  present  farm  of  1G2  acres. 
In  politics  Mr.  Gooden  is  a  Democrat.  He  has  served  as  judge  and 
inspector  of  elections,  and  has  been  school  director  of  his  township. 

SETH  GOODWIN,  farmer,  liutan,  Penn.,  was  born  in  Wash- 
ington County,  Fenn.,  February  6,  1828,  and  is  a  son  of  John  and 
Sarah  A.  (Gardner)  Goodwin,  natives  of  Pennsylvania.  His  parents 
were  married  in  Washington  County  and  remained  there  until  about 
the  year  1832,  at  which  time  they  moved  to  Greene  County  and 
spent  the  remainder  of  their  days.  The  subject  of  our  sketch  was 
united  in  marriage  April  4,  1854,  with  Mary  Hill,  who  was  born  in 
Greene  County  March  IG,  1832.  Her  parents  were  Dan  and  Ma- 
tilda Hill  {iiee  Penn),  who  were  also  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
after  their  marriage  settled  in  this  county  and  remained  until  1851. 
They  then  moved  West  and  remained  for  twenty-eight  years,  return- 
ing ill  1882  to  their  native  county  in  Pennsylvania,  where  Mr.  Hill 
departed  this  life.  Flis  widow  survives  him.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Goodwin 
are  the  parents  of  twelve  children,  the  following  are  living — John 
W.,  Daniel  II.,  Sarah  M.,  wife  of  J.  L.  Hays:  Thomas  C,  Maiw  F.. 
Harry  B.  S.,  Elizabeth,  Xan,  and  JSTettie.  Mr.  Goodwin  has  been  a 
tiller  of  the  soil  most  of  his  life,  and  owns  200  acres  of  valuable 
land  where  he  and  family  live.  He  and  wife  are  prominent  mem- 
bers of  the  Baptist  Church. 

JOHN  T.  GOODWIN,  farmer,  Eutan,  Penn.,  is  one  of  the 
prosperous  citizens  of  Center  Township.     He  was   born  in  Greene 


582  HISTORY    OF    GEEEISrE    COUNTY. 

County,  July  31,  1840.  His  parents  were  John  and  Sarali  A.  Good- 
win (nee  Gardner).  They  were  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  where  they 
were  married  in  Washington  Connty,  and  about  the  year  1832  moved 
to  Greene  County  and  remained  nntil  their  death.  John  T.  was 
united  in  marriage,  August  18, 18C1,  with  Margaret  A.  Smith.  Mrs. 
Goodwin  was  born  in  Center  Township,  February,  1842,  iind  is  a 
daughter  of  Edmund  and  Elizabeth  (Adamson)  Sniitli,  who  were 
natives  of  Greene  County,  where  they  were  married  and  resided  until 
Mr.  Smith's  death  in  1887.  His  widow  is  still  living.  To  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Goodwin  have  been  born  four  children — Edmund  S.,  Thomas  1\., 
Emma  J.  and  Flossie  E.  Mr.  Goodwin  makes  quite  a  success  of  his 
farming,  and  owns  about  186  acres  of  excellent  land,  where  he  and 
family  reside.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Goodwin  are  leading  members  of  the 
South  Ten-Mile  Baptist  Church. 

SAMUEL  J.  GRAHxlM,  farmer,  Waynesburg,  Penn.,  was  born 
in  Center  Township,  this  county,  November  22,  1837.  His  parents, 
George  and  Sarah  B.  (Mason)  Graham,  were  natives  of  Greene  County 
and  residents  therein  until  their  death.  Samuel  was  united  in  mar- 
riage, October  5, 1801,  with  Lizzie  E.  Boyd.  She  was  born  in  Wash- 
ington Township,  this  county,  October  6,  1842,  and  is  a  daughter  of 
James  and  Martha  Boyd.  Her  parents  are  also  natives  of  this  county; 
her  father  is  now  deceased.  By  this  marriage  Mr.  Graham  is  the 
father  of  three  children,  two  of  whom  are  living — Sarah  A.  and  James 
B. — and  Florence  E.  is  deceased.  Mrs.  Graham,  who  was  a  faithful 
Christian  wife  and  mother,  departed  this  life  April  12,  1871.  After 
her  death,  November  1,  1875,  Mr.  Graham  was  united  in  marriage  a 
second  time,  with  Sarah  A.  Price,  who  was  born  in  Marion  County, 
West  Virginia,  May  21,  1851.  Her  parents  are  Eli  T.  and  Amanda 
Price  (^lee  Troy),  natives  of  West  Virginia,  where  they  were  married 
and  spent  their  lives.  Mrs.  Price  is  now  deceased.  By  the  last 
marriage  Mr.  Graham  is  the  father  of  two  children — Charles  W.  and 
George  E.  P.  Mr.  Graham  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  devotes  his 
time  wdiolly  to  agricultural  pursuits.  He  is  the  owner  of  about  163 
acres  of  valuable  land.  He  and  wife  are  prominent  members  of  the 
M.  E.  Church. 

JAMES  HOGE,  miller.  Oak  Forest,  Penn.,  a  descendant  of  one 
of  the  pioneer  families  of  the  county,  was  born  in  Center  Township, 
September  28, 1834.  His  father  and  mother  were  George  and  Sarah 
Iloge,  who  died  in  this  county.  James  was  united  in  the  holy  bonds 
of  matrimony,  December  23,  1855,  with  Margaret  Kent,  a  native  of 
Greene  Count}-,  born  September  2,  1835.  Mrs.  Hoge  is  a  daughter 
of  John  and  Keziah  Kent,  who  reside  in  Wayne  Township,  this 
county.  Mr.  Hoge  and  wdfe  are  the  parents  of  eight  children,  of 
wdiom  live  are  living,  viz:  Elizabeth,  Maryetta,  Lucy  B.,  Jesse  B.  and 
Flora  M.  •  The  deceased  are  Albert  W.,  Rinehart  K.  and  Margaretta. 


HISTORY    OF    GHKKXE    COUNTY.  583 

Mr.  Iloge  is  a  carpenter  by  trade,  which  he  followed  for  many  years. 
He  engaged  in  farming  for  some  time,  but  for  the  hist  fifteen  years 
lias  been  operating  a  grist-mill.  He  owns  land  in  the  county,  a  num- 
ber of  houses  and  lots,  one-half  interest  in  mill  property  at  Oak 
Forest,  also  one-half  interest  in  the  Hoge  &  Hoge  Clothing  Store  at 
AVaynesburg,  Penn.  Mr.  Hoge  has  tilled  the  office  of  justice  of  the 
peace  fur  ten  years,  and  is  one  of  the  most  enterprising  and  industri- 
ous men  of  the  county,  and  has  carried  on  the  undertaking  business 
for  thirty  years  and  is  still  in  the  same  business.  He  is  also  in  the 
wagon-making  and  repairing  business. 

WILLIAM  HOGE,  farmer,  lloge^-sville,  Penn.,  was  born  in 
Greene  County,  Penn.,  December  31,  1830.  His  father  and  mother 
were  Morgan  and  Elizabeth  Hoge  [iiee  Lippencott),  who  w^ere  natives 
of  this  county,  where  they  made  their  home  through  life.  AVilliam 
Hoge  was  twice  united  in  marriage,  the  first  time  February  20, 18()7, 
witli  Eliza  A.  McQuay.  By  this  marriage  Mr.  Hoge  is  the  father  of 
four  children — Samuel  M.,  AVilliam  McKinley,  Elizabeth  K.  and 
David  J.  Mrs.  Hoge  died  August  17,  1875.  November  10,  1878, 
Mr.  Hoge  married  for  his  second  wife  Esther  M.  Car.er,  born  in 
Greene  County  in  1859.  Her  father  and  mother  were  James  and 
Martha  Carter,  the  latter  deceased.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hoge  are  the 
parents  of  five  children,  viz:  Mary  J.,  Cinderella,  Levi  L.,  Martha 
and  Jesse.  Mr.  Hoge  is  a  successful  farmer,  and  owns  250  acres  of 
land — his  home  farm.  He  and  wife  are  zealous  members  of  the  Bap- 
tist Church. 

LEVI  HOGE,  farmer,  Holbrook,  Penn.,  was  born  June  2-i,  1833. 
His  parents  were  Morgan  and  Elizabeth  Hoge,  who  were  born  in 
Greene  County,  Penn.,  and  resided  there  through  life.  Levi,  the 
subject  of  our  sketch,  was  united  in  the  holy  bonds  of  matrimony, 
October  12,  1808,  with  Susannah  OrndofF.  Mrs.  Hoge  was  born  in 
Center  Township,  April  22,  1840,  and  is  a  daughter  of  William  and 
Salome  Orndoff,  who,  like  Mr.  Hoge's  people,  were  natives  of  Greene 
County,  where  they  remained  until  their  death.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hoge 
are  the  parents  of  one  child — Mary  J.  Mr.  Hoge  was  raised  on  a 
farm,  and  following  out  the  careful  instructions  there  received,  he 
has,  by  his  industry  and  economy,  proven  himself  one  of  tlie  most 
substantial  farmers  in  his  township.  He  owns  a  nice  farm  of  236 
acres  in  Center  Township,  where  he  and  family  live.  Mr.  Hoge  and 
family  are  prominent  members  in  the  Christian  Church. 

JOSEPH  HOGE,  retired  farmer.  P.O.  Oak  Forest,  Penn.,  is  one  of 
the  pioneers  of  the  county,  and  was  born  in  Franklin  Township,  No- 
vember 16,  1806.  His  parents,  Solomon  and  Mary  Hoge,  were 
natives  of  Virginia,  and  when  first  married  moved  to  Greene  County, 
Penn.,  and  remained  until  their  death.  Joseph  was  three  times  mar- 
ried, first    December  4,  1S28,  to  Mary  Coen,   a  native  of  Greene 


584  HISTORY    OF    GKEENE    COUNTY. 

County.  By  this  marriage  Mr.  Hoge  is  tlie  fatlicr  of  ten  cliildren, 
five  of  whom  are  living.  Mrs.  Hoge,  wjio  was  a  faithful  Christian 
wife  and  mother,  died  in  1842.  In  1843  Mr.  Hoge  married  for  his 
second  wife  Miss  Jane  Blair,  who  was  born  in  this  county  February 
17,  1817.  By  this  marriage  there  were  seven  children,  four  now 
living.  Mrs.  Jane  Hoge  departed  this  life  August  22,  1856.  Mr. 
Hoge  subsequently  married  Mrs.  Jane  M.  (AYood)  Watson,  June  22, 
1857.  She  was  born  in  Washington  County,  Penn.,  November  10, 
1812.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hoge  have  one  child.  Mr.  Hoge  was  reared 
on  a  farm,  and  has  been  engaged  in  farming  all  his  life.  He  has  re- 
sided on  his  present  farm  about  sixty-four  years.  In  politics  he  is  a 
Republican.  He  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Baptist  Church,  in 
which  he  has  been  deacon  for  nearly  lifty  j-ears. 

WILLIAM  HOGE,  farmer,  B.  O.  Holbrook,  Benn.,  was  born  in 
Center  Township,  December  15,  1830.  He  is  a  sou  of  Joseph  and 
Mary  (Coen)  Hoge,  who  are  natives  of  Greene  County.  Mrs.  Hoge 
is  deceased.  October  4,  1855,  William  Hoge  was  united  in  marriage 
with  Mary  A.  Graham,  who  was  born  in  Franklin  Township,  Greene 
County,  December  30,  1824.  Her  parents  were  William  and  Mar- 
garet (Muckle)  Graham,  the  former  a  native  of  this  county,  and  the 
latter  of  New  Jersey.  They  were  married  in  Greene  County,  Penn., 
where  they  settled  and  remained  until  their  death.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Hoge  have  been  born  three  children,  of  whom  two  are  living — Will- 
iam G.,  and  Margaret  M.,  who  is  the  wife  of  John  M.  Scott.  The 
deceased  is  Henry  H.  William  G.  was  born  July  28, 1855,  and  was 
married  July  20,  1878,  to  Mary  A.  Moore.  Mrs.  Mary  A.  Hoge, 
wife  of  AVilliam  G.,  died  August  24,  1883.  He  was  married  again 
June  11,  1885,  to  Miss  Alice  M.  Orndolf.  i\[argaret  M.  was  born 
July  5,  1859,  and  married  January  29, 1885,  to  John  M.  Scott.  Mr. 
Hoge  has  been  engaged  in  farming  the  most  of  his  life,  and  owns 
241  acres  of  land  in  Center  ToM'nship.  He  and  Mrs.  Hoge  are  zealous 
members  of  the  Baptist  Church,  and  are  among  the  leading  families 
of  the  township. 

T.  J.  HUFFMAN,  farmer,  Oak  Forest,  Penn.— The  subject  of  this 
sketch  was  born  in  Center  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  August 
30,  1829.  He  is  a  son  of  Joseph  and  Sarah  (Hunt)  Huifman.  On 
December  27,  1855,  Mr.  Huffman  was  united  in  marriage  with  Caro- 
line Hathaway,  who  w'as  born  in  Washington  County,  Penn.,  and  is 
a  daughter  of  Jacob  and  Jane  Hathaway,  residents  of  Washington 
County,  Penn.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Huffman  have  a  family  of  nine  chil- 
dren, eight  of  whom  are  living,  viz:  Joseph,  Jacob,  Robert,  Daniel, 
Charlie  W.,  Lizzie,  Belle  and  Dora,  and  Jennie  (deceased.)  Mr.  Huif- 
man was  reared  on  a  farm,  and  has  been  engaged  in  farming  through- 
out his  life.     He  owns  about  240  acres  of  land   in  Greene  County. 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  585 

Mr.  and    Mrs.   IlnfFman  are   prominent  members   of  the  Christian 
Church,  and  highly  resj^ected  by  all  who  know  them. 

REASIN  HUFFMAN,  farmer,  Waynesbm-g,  Penn.,  is  one  of  the 
industrious  fanners  of  Center  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  w'here 
he  was  born  June  24,  1S31.  His  parents  were  Joseph  and  Sarah 
Huffman  [iiee  Hunt),  who  M'ere  natives  and  residents  of  this  county 
until  their  death.  On  October  15,  1859,  Mr.  Huffman  was  united  in 
tlie  holy  bonds  of  matrimony  with  Sidney  Stewart  [jiee  Thomas).  Her 
father  was  a  native  of  Ohio,  and  her  mother  of  Greene  County,  Penn. 
Tliey  now  reside  in  Monroe  County,  Ohio.  To  Mr.  Huffman,  and  wife 
have  been  born  nine  children,  eiglit  of  whom  are  living — Joseph  L., 
William  JR.,  Albert  L.,  Emma  F.,  Biddie  E.,  Alexander  C.  J.,  John 
F.,  Isa  O.,  and  Nancy  (deceased).  The  subject,  like  his  brothers, 
was  reared  on  a  farm  and  has  devoted  his  life  principally  to  agriculture 
pursuits.  He  owns  about  200  acres  of  land.  In  politics  Mr.  Huff- 
man is  a  Democrat,  has  iilled  the  otHce  of  school  director  in  his 
township,  and  he  and  wife  are  devoted  members  of  the  Christian 
Church, 

S.  B.  HUFFMAN,  farmer,  Waynesburg.  Penn.,  was  born  on  the 
Huffman  homestead  in  Center  Township,  this  county,  September  20, 
1847.  He  is  a  son  of  Joseph  and  Sarah  (Hunt)  Huffnian,  who  were 
natives  of  Pennsylvania,  residing  in  Greene  County  until  their  death. 
Mr.  Huffman  was  united  in  marriage,  May  11,  1872,  with  Ella 
Neel,  a  native  of  Greene  County,  born  March  21,  1853.  She  is  a 
daughter  of  Remembrance  and  Nellie  Neel  {^nee  Thomas),  natives 
of  Pennsylvania,  the  latter  deceased.  Mr.  Huft'man  and  wife  are  the 
parents  of  six  children,  five  of  whom  are  living — Harry,  Charlie, 
Josie,  Ray  and  Roy.  Remembrance  (deceased).  Mr.  Huffman  has 
been  engaged  in  farming  all  his  life,  and  owns  IGO  acres  of  land 
where  he  and  family  reside.  In  politics  Mr.  Huffman  is  a  Democrat, 
and  is  school  director  in  his  township.  He  and  wife  are  active  mem- 
bers of  the  Christian  Church. 

SAMUEL  lAMS,  retired  farmer,  Harvey's,  Penn.,  was  born  in 
Washington  County,  Penn.,  April  8, 1817.  His  parents,  John  and  Anna 
(Coulsonj  lams,  were  natives  of  Washington  County,  where  they  were 
married  and  remained  through  life.  Mr.  lams  died  in  December, 
1866,  and  Mrs.  lams  in  November,  1886.  They  were  the  parents  of 
five  children,  of  whom  three  are  living.  Samuel  was  united  in  mar- 
riage, October  29,  1840,  with  Nancy  Grimes,  who  was  born  in  Greene 
County,  August  15,  1817.  Her  parents  were  Peter  and  Mary  (Sher- 
win)  Grimes,  deceased.  The  former  was  a  native  of  this  county, 
and  the  latter  of  Baltimore,  Maryland.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Samuel  lams 
are  the  parents  of  seven  children,  of  whom  five  are  living — Dr.  John 
T.,  of  Waynesburg,  Penn. ;  G.  P.;  Ida,  wife  of  Byron  Braddock;  Carrie, 
wife  of  James  B.  Throckmorton:  and  Samuel  S.     The  deceased  are 


586  HISTOF.Y    OF    GREETSTE    COUNTY. 

Mary  A.  and  Cordelia.  Mr.  lams  is  a  mill-wright  by  trade,  which 
he  followed  for  many  years.  He  subsequently  engaged  in  fanniiig 
and  stock  raising,  and  owns  about  420  acres  of  land  in  Greene  County. 
Mrs.  lams  and  family  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church . 

F.  Gr.  JACOBS,  farmer,  P.  O.,  Rutan,  was  born  in  Greene  County, 
Penn.,  November  25,  1832.  His  father,  Daniel  Jacobs,  was  born  in 
New  Jersey.  His  mother,  whose  maiden  name  was  Hannah  Payle, 
is  a  native  of  Maryland.  Tlie}^  were  married  in  Greene  Co.mty, 
Penn.,  where  they  still  reside.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  Avas 
united  in  marriage,  June  24,  1858,  with  Catharine  Nelson,  wlio  was 
born  in  this  county  February  14,  1832.  She  is  a  daughter  of  Samuel 
and  Barljara  (Ranner)  Nelson.  The  former  was  born  in  Virginia  and 
the  latter  in  Greene  County,  Penn.,  wliere  tliey  were  married  and  spent 
the  remainder  of  their  lives.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jacobs  have  seven  chlidren 
— Daniel,  Hannah,  wife  of  Melvin  Headley;  William  R.,  Barbara  E., 
Mary  B.,  Henry  and  Delia  M.  In  early  life  Mr.  Jacobs  taught 
school  for  a  few  years,  but  subsequently  devoted  his  time  to  farming. 
He  owns  about  225  acres  of  land  where  he  and  family  live.  Mr.  and 
Mrs  Jacobs  are  zealous  members  of  the  Methodist  Protestant  Church. 

A.  J.  JOHNSTON,  farmer,  Hunter's  Cave,  Penn.,  was  born  in 
Washington  County,  Penn.,  January  18,  181(3.  His  parents 
were  Andrew  and  Climena  (Conklin)  Johnston  the  former  a 
native  of  New  Jersey,  and  the  latter  of  Pennsylvania.  After 
marriage  they  settled  in  Washington  County,  and  in  1820  moved 
to  Greene  County  and  remained  until  their  death.  The  subject  of 
our  sketch  was  united  in  holy  bonds  of  matrimony,  December  9,  1847, 
with  Phoebe  McCullough,  who  was  born  in  Washington  County^ 
April  3,  1817.  Mrs.  Johnston  is  a  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Sarah 
(Dunn)  McCullough.  They  were  also  natives  of  Washington  County, 
where  they  remained  two  years  after  their  marriage,  then  moved  to 
Greene  County  and  spent  the  remainder  of  their  lives.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Johnston  have  four  children:  Sarah  A.,  w^ife  of  AVilliam  Heaton; 
George  W.,  Andrew  J.,  and  Eliza  A.  Mr.  eTohnston  has  been  en- 
(Taged  in  farmina:  and  stock  raisinix  all  his  life,  and  owns  about  400 
acres  of  land — his  home  farm.  Mrs.  Johnston  and  the  children 
are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

COLUMBUS  JOHNSTON,  farmer,  P.  O.  Ragersville,  was  born 
in  Center  Township,  Greene  County  Penn.,  June  4,  1831.  He  is  a 
son  of  Andrew  and  Climena  (Conklin)  Johnston  who  were  natives  of 
Washington  County,  but  after  marriage  resided  in  Center  Township, 
Greene  County,  until  their  death.  Columbus  was  united  in  marriage 
March  5,  1855,  with  Emeline  Bane,  who  was  born  in  Washington 
County,  Jnne  17,  1838.  Mrs.  Johnston  is  a  daughter  of  Nathan  and 
Hannah  Bane  {^nee  Carter),  who  were  also  natives  of  Washington 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  5S7 

Count}',  and  moved  to  Greene  County  about  1844,  remainincr  nntil 
Mr.  Bane's  death.  Ilis  widow  is  still  living  and  resides  in  West 
Virorinia.  Mr.  Johnston  and  wife  are  the  parents  of  four  children — ■ 
Nathan B.,  Lizzie  A.,  Dora  M.,  and  Lewis  B.  (deceased).  Mr.  Johnston 
M-as  reared  on  a  farm  and  has  made  farming  his  business  through  life, 
and  by  strict  honesty  and  industry  has  procured  a  nice  home,  con- 
sisting of  108  acres  of  land,  where  he  and  family  reside.  He  and 
Mrs.  Johnston  are  active  members  of  the  South  Ten  Mile  Baptist 
Church.    In  politics  he  is  a  Bepublican. 

DAVID  KNIGHT,  retired  farmer,  P.  O.  Oak  Forest,  Penn.,was 
born  in  Greene  County,  Penn.,  October  24,  1818.  His  parents, 
James  and  Cassandra  Knight,  were  natives  of  Greene  County,  where 
they  were  married  and  remained  until  their  death.  David  was 
united  in  marriage  June  6,  1839,  with  Mary  A.  Fry.  Mrs.  Knight 
v\'as  born  in  this  county  February  26,  1819,  and  is  a  daughter  of 
John  and  Mary  Fry.  They  were  also  natives  of  Greene  County,  but 
moved  to  West  Virginia  and  resided  nntil  their  death.  To  Mr. 
Knight  and  wife  have  been  born  nine  children,  seven  of  whom  are 
living — Mary,  Joshua,  Cassie  J.,  Thomas  J.,  Lucy  A.,  Jemima  and 
Harriet.  The  deceased  are  Catharine  and  Eli.  Mr.  Knight  has  been 
successfully  engaged  in  farming  all  his  life,  and  owns  about  1B4 
acres  of  land.  In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat.  The  Knight  family 
are  pioneers  of  the  county,  and  among  its  most  highly  res])ected 
citizens. 

THOMAS  KNIGHT,  farmer,  P.  O.  Kogersville,  Penn.,  Avas  born 
in  Franklin  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  November  27,  1820. 
His  father  and  mother,  James  and  Cassandra  Knight,  were  natives 
of  this  county,  where  they  resided  until  their  death.  Thomas  Knight 
was  united  in  marriage  November  18,  1841,  Avith  Nancy  Wood, 
who  was  born  in  Jackson  Township,  October  13,  1822.  Mrs.  Knight 
was  a  daughter  of  Micajah  and  Jane  Wood,  the  former  a  native  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  the  latter  of  Ireland.  Both  died  in  Greene 
County.  Mr.  Knight  by  this  marriage  is  the  father  of  eight  chil- 
dren, of  whom  five  are  living.  Mrs.  Knight  died  March  3,  1863. 
On  December  24,  1863,  Mr.  Knight  married  for  his  second  wife 
Miss  Edna  Sellers,  who  was  born  in  Center  Township,  October  30, 
1829.  Her  parents  were  Christopher  and  Nancy  (Johnson)  Sellers, 
both  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  who  departed  this  life  in  Greene 
County.  Mr.  Knight  and  wife  have  two  children,  one  living.  Mr. 
Knight  is  a  cabinet-maker  by  trade,  but  has  been  engaged  in  farm- 
ing for  many  years.     He  owns  212  acres  of  good  land. 

LEVI  H.  MARTIN,  P.O.  Kogersville,  Penn.,  is  one  of  the  sub-- 
stantial  farmers  of  Center  Township,  this  county,  where  he  was  born 
March  1,  1S43.  His  parents,  Daniel  and  Pachel  (Push)  Martin, 
were  natives  of  Greene   County,  where   they  were  married  and  re- 


588  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

mained  until  Mr.  Martin's  death,  April  6,  1879.  His  widow  is 
still  living.  Levi  was  united  in  marriage,  December  24,  1867, 
with  Rachel  Eddy,  who  was  born  July  24,  1842,  in  this  county, 
and  is  a  daughter  of  John  and  Elizabeth  (Kughn)  Eddy.  Her 
parents  are  natives  of  Greene  County  and  reside  in  Wayne  Town- 
ship. Mr.  and  Mrs.  Martin  have  a  family  of  three  children,  two  of 
wdiom  are  living — Belle  and  Levi  E.  Mr.  Martin  was  reared  on  a 
farm,  and  has  engaged  in  farming  as  his  occupation  through  life. 
Lie  is  the  owner  of  150  acres  of  good  land  in  Greene  County.  He 
and  Mrs.  Martin  are  active  members  of  the  Christian  Church,  and 
the  family  are  highly  respected  in  the  community. 

A.  B.  McClelland,  merchant.  Oak  Forest,  Penn.— The 
subject  of  this  sketch  is  one  of  the  leading  merchants  of  Center 
Township.  He  was  born  in  Waynesburg,  Penn.,  February  25, 1840. 
His  parents  were  Dawson  and  Sarali  (Hughes)  McClelland,  who  were 
natives  and  residents  of  this  county  through  life.  Asa  B.  was  united 
in  marriage  March  10,  18()1,  with  Nancy  Donahoe.  She  was  born 
in  Greene  County,  November  30, 1841,  and  is  a  daughter  of  AVilliam 
and  Nancy  Donahoe,  both  deceased.  Mr.  McClelland  is  a  black- 
smith by  trade,  which  he  followed  about  twenty-five  years,  then  en- 
gaged in  farming  and  merchandising.  He  owns  a  general  store  at 
Oak  Forest,  Penn.  In  politics  he  is  a  Republican,  and  served  as 
postmaster  for  five  years  at  Oak  Forest  under  the  Republican  ad- 
ministration. He  and  wife  are  faithful  members  of  the  Baptist 
Church. 

J.  P.  McGLUMPHY,  farmer,  P.  O.  Rutan,  was  born  in  Center 
Township,  Greene  County,  Pennsylvania,  July  16,  1822.  He  is  a 
son  of  Edward  and  Magaret  (Haines)  McGlumphy.  His  father  was 
a  .native  of  Ireland,  and  his  mother  of  Maryland.  They  were  the 
parents  of  seven  children,  of  whom  four  are  living.  Mr.  McGlum- 
phy was  united  in  marriage  February  11,  1847,  with  Lida  A. 
Thomas.  Mrs.  McGlumphy  was  born  in  this  county  March  12, 
1831,  and  is  a  daughter  of  James  and  Elizabeth  Thomas.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  McGlumphy  are  the  parents  of  four  children — Maria  S.,  wife 
of  Henry  Scott;  Hiram  R. ;  Elizabetli  M.,  wife  of  F.  M.  Carpenter, 
and  Lucy  J.,  wife  of  W.  H.  Throckmorton.  Mr.  McGlumphy  has 
been  a  farmer  all  his  life,  and  owns  a  nice  home  where  he  and 
family  reside.  He  and  wife  are  prominent  members  of  the  Cumber- 
land Presbyterian  Church,  and  are  highly  respected  by  all  wdio 
know  them. 

JESSE  McNEELY,  farmer,  P.  O.  Rutan,  Penn.,  was  born  in 
Wayne  Township,  Greene  County,  Pennsylvania,  April  11,  1851. 
He  is  a  son  of  John  and  Elizabeth  McNeely,  who  were  natives  of 
Pennsylvania  and  settled  after  marriage  in  Greene  Comity,  where 
Mrs.  McNeely  departed  this   life    in   Wayne  Township.     Mr.  Mc- 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  5S9 

Neely  afterward  married  a  Mrs.  Coen,  whose  maiden  name  was 
Stoekdale.  They  moved  to  Center  Township  and  remained  until 
Mr.  McZS'eely's  deatli.  His  widow  came  to  her  death  June  13, 188S, 
l)y  the  falling  of  a  porch  roof.  She  was  standing  on  the  porch  when 
the  roof  fell  in  and  killed  her  instantly.  Jesse  was  united  in  mar- 
riage JN'ovember  6,  1875,  with  Melissa  VanCleve,  who  was  born  in 
Center  Township,  August  7,  1852,  Iler  parents  were  John  and 
Ursula  (Tln'oekmorton)  VanCleve,  also  natives  of  this  county  and 
and  residents  of  Center  Township.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  McNeely  have 
two  children — James  A.  and  John  II.  In  connection  with  his 
farming  Mr.  McNeeley  has  been  engaged  extensively  in  the  lumber 
business.  He  is  the  owner  of  seventy-six  acres  of  land,  where  he 
and  family  reside.  He  has  served  as  school  director  of  his  town- 
ship and  was  elected  justice  of  the  peace  February,  1888,  for  a  term 
of  live  years.  Mrs.  McNeely  is  a  devoted  member  of  the  Method- 
ist Episcopal  Church. 

JOIIiV  MEEK,  a  successful  farmer,  P.  O.  Rutan,  Penn.,  was  born  . 
in  Washington  Township,  this  county,  May  29,  1833.  His  parents, 
John  and  Elizabeth  (Boyd)  Meek,  were  also  natives  of  this  county, 
where  they  remained  until  their  death.  On  October  15,  1859, 
John  ]\[eek  was  united  in  marriage  with  Jane  Simpson.  Mrs,  Meek 
M-as  born  in  Greene  County,  Feln-uary  7,  1840,  and  is  a  daughter  of 
John  and  Mary  (Auld)  Simpson,  Her  father  was  born  in  Greene 
County,  Penn.,  and  her  mother  was  a  native  of  Ireland.  Both  died 
in  this  county.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Meek  have  three  children — Miles, 
John  W.  and  Ottowa  A.  Air.  Meek  has  been  engaged  in  farming 
all  his  life,  and  owns  224  of  land  where  he  and  family  reside.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Meek  are  leading  members  in  the  Methodist  Protestant 
Church. 

WILLIAM  MILLIKIN,  farmer,  P.  O.  Puitan,  was  born  in  Mor-  i^ 
ris  Township,  this  county,  April  3,  1832.  His  parents,  David  and 
Lida  (Rogers)  Alillikin,  were  natives  of  Greene  County,  the  former 
of  Irish  and  the  latter  of  English  descent.  They  were  united  in 
niarriap-e  in  Greene  County,  where  they  remained  through  life. 
William  was  united  in  marriage,  September  1,  1852,  with  Rebecca 
Simpson,  Avho  is  a  native  of  this  county,  born  March  9,  1835.  Her 
parents  were  John  and  Mary  Simpson,  the  former  a  native  of  Penn- 
sylvania, and  the  latter  of  Ireland.  They  were  residents  of  Greene 
County,  Penn.,  for  the  greater  part  of  tlieir  lives.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Millikin  have  been  born  eight  children,  of  whom  six  are  living — 
John  W.,  Robert  I.,  Thomas^N.,  Harry  B.,  Maggie  J.  and  Sadie  M. 
The  deceased  are  Lida  A.  and  Cora  Y.  Mr.  Millikin  is  one  of  the 
substantial  farmers  of  Center  Township,  and  by  his  industry  and 
good  management  has  made  a  comfortable  home  for  himself  and 
family.     His  farm  consists  of  about  300  acres  of  land,  on  which  are 


500  niSTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

good  buildings.  Mr.  and  Mrs..  Millikin  are  consistent  members  of 
the  Methodist  Protestant  Chnrch. 

JOHN  MORRIS,  farmer,  Rogersville,  Penn.,  was  born  in  Cen- 
ter Township,  this  county,  March  28,  1832.  Elis  parents,  Ephraim 
and  Martha  (Roseberrj)  Morris,  were  natives  of  Greene  County, 
where  they  were  married  and  spent  all  their  lives,  John  Morris  \vas 
twice  united  in  marriage,  lirst  November  11,  1854,  with  Sarah 
Church,  a  native  of  Center  Township,  and  daughter  of  Elijah  and 
Anna  Church  (nee  Moore).  Her  parents  are  natives  and  residents  of 
this  county.  By  this  marriage  Mr.  Morris  is  the  father  of  six  chil- 
dren, viz:  Martha  A.,  wife  of  Harvey  Call;  James  M.,  Asa  W.,  John 
J.,  Arta  M.,  wife  of  Goodwin  Hunt,  and  Elijah.  Mrs.  Morris  de- 
parted this  life  March  10,  1878.  November  30,  1879,  Mr.  Morris 
married  for  his  second  wife  Elizabeth  Phillips,  a  native  of  Marshall 
County,  W.  Va.  Her  parents'^'^T^e  Joseph  and  Anna  (Inghram) 
Phillips,  natives  of  AYest  Virginia,  both  now  deceased.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Morris  are  the  parents  of  two  children — Joseph  G.  and  Sarah 
A.  Mr.  Morris  is  quite  a  genius,  and  has  learned  several  difterent 
trades.  He  is  a  carpenter,  stone-mason  and  blacksmith,  and  succeeds 
in  almost  any  kind  of  work.  He  ha!>  been  engaged  in  farming  for 
several  years,  and  owns  about  300  acres  of  land  where  he  and  family 
reside.  During  the  Rebellion  he  entered  the  service  of  his  country 
in  Company  F,  Eighty-Hf  th  Pennsyl  vania  Yolunteers,  and  served  over  a 
year,  receiving  a  wound  at  Williamsburg  from  a  piece  of  a  shell. 
Mr.  Morris  was  elected  commissioner  of  Greene  Couuty  and  served 
three  years,  being  one  of  the  few  Republicans  who  ever  held  that 
office  in  the  county. 

ELI  ORNDURF,  farmer,  P.  O.,  Rogersville,  Penn.,  one  of  the 
substantial  citizens  of  Center  Township,  was  born  in  Greene  County, 
Penn.,  February  25,  1828.  He  is  a  son  of  William  and  Salome 
(Wisecarver)  Orndurf,  the  former  a  native  of  Virginia,  and  the  latter 
of  Pennsylvania.  They  departed  this,  life  in  Greene  County,  in 
1885.  They  were  the  parents  of  twelve  children,  of  whom  eleven 
are  living.  Eli  Orndurf  was  united  in  the  holy  bonds  of  matrimony, 
March  23,  1854,  with  Martha  A.  Wyly,  who  was  born  in  Greene 
County,  September  6,  1834.  Mrs.  Orndurf  is  a  daughter  of  James 
and  Mary  Wyly  (7iee  Neel),  natives  of  this  county."  Mrs.  AVyly  died 
February  14,  1870.  Mr.  Wyly  is  still  living.  To  Mr.  Orndurf  and 
wife  have  been  born  seven  children — William  H.,  JMary  S.,  wife  of 
Edmund  Scott;  James  L,,  Susan,  Joseph  S.,  Rarney  and  Mattie  I. 
Mr.  Orndurf  has  been  a  farmer  all  his  life,  and  owns  365  acres  of 
land  where  he  and  familj^  reside.     In  politics  he  is  a  Republican. 

W.  B.  ORNDOFF,  farmer  and  stock-raiser.  Oak  Forest,  Penn., 
one  of  the  substantial  and  industrious  farmer-  of  Center  Township, 
was  born  in  this  county,  January  15,  1837.     He  is  a  son  of  AVilliam 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  591 

and  Salome  (Wisecurver)  Orndoif,  wlio  departed  tliis  life  in  ISiiio. 
William  E.  was  united  in  marriage,  September  12,  1868,  with  Marj 
E.  Scott,  who  was  born  in  Greene  County,  September  22, 1841.  She 
is  a  daughter  of  John  and  Charlotte  Scott  [nee  Mason),  both  natives 
of  this  county  and  residents  of  Jackson  Township.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
OrndofF  are  the  parents  of  live  children — -Bertha,  Orvii  1).,  Judson 
H.,  John  D.  and  Hersey.  Mr.  Orndoff  has  been  engaged  in  farmino- 
for  many  years,  and  owns  338  acres  of  land  in  Center  ToM-nship.  In 
politics  he  is  a  ilepublican,  and  has  served  on  the  school  board  in  his 
township. 

ISAAC  OKNDOFF,  farmer,  Ilogersville,  Fenn.,  is  a  descendant 
of  the  old  pioneer  family  of  Orndolfs.  He  was  born  in  Center  Town- 
ship, April  4,  1846,  and  is  a  son  of  William  and  Salome  (Wisecarver) 
Orndoff,  the  former  a  native  of  Virginia,  and  the  latter  of  Pennsyl- 
vania. They  were  married  in  Greene  County,  and  remained  there 
through  life.  Isaac  Orndoff  was  twice  married,  the  first  time  April 
4, 1869,  to  Margaret  R.  Seckman,  who  was  born  in  Rogersville,  May 
18,  1848.  Mrs.  Orndoff'  was  a  daughter  of  John  W.  and  Lila  Seck- 
man, the  former  deceased.  By  this  marriage  Mr.  Orndoff"  is  the 
father  of  three  children — Emma  E.,  John  S.  and  Lora  M.  Mrs.  Orn- 
doff'departed  this  life  October  25,  1874.  Mr.  Orndofl''s  second  wife, 
whom  he  married  in  1877,  was  Harriet  Ileadley,  who  was  born  in 
Gil  more  Township,  this  county,  May  3,  1848.  She  is  a  daughter  of 
John  and  Eliza  Ileadley.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Orndoff  are  the  parents  of 
six  children — Jesse  F.,  Eddie  G.,  Sweet,  Isaac  B.,  Charlie  W.  and 
Georgie  A.  Mr.  Orndoff'  has  been  a  farmer  all  his  life,  and  owns 
eightj'-live  acres  of  land  where  he  and  family  reside  in  Center  Town- 
ship, (rreene  County,  Penn. 

D.  S.  OPNDOFF,  farmer.  Oak  Forest,  Penn.,  was  born  in  Yir 
ginia,  March  29,  1854.  His  father  and  mother  are  William  and 
Margaret  Orndoff',  natives  of  Virginia,  where  they  still  reside.  On 
November  20,  1875,  D.  S.  Orndoff'  married  Mary  S.  Orndoff",  who 
was  born  in  Greene  County,  I'enn.,  March  25,  1851.  Mrs.  Orndoff 
is  a  daughter  of  AYilliam  and  Salome  Orndoff  [iiee  AVisecarver).  The 
former  was  born  in  Virginia,  and  the  latter  in  Pennsylvania.  They 
settled  in  Greene  County  and  remained  until  their  death.  To  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Orndoff"  have  been  born  four  children — Maggie  B.,  Lizzie 
M.,  Edsa  S.  and  Effa  A.  Mr.  Orndoff'  came  from  Virginia  in  1875, 
and  has  remained  in  Greene  County  ever  since.  He  is  engaged  in 
farming,  and  owns  220  acres  of  land  in  Center  Township,  He  and 
wife  are  consistent  members  of  the  Christian  Church,  and  are  highly 
respected  throughout  the  community. 

JESSE  ORNDURF,  retired  farmer,  White  Cottage,  Penn.,  was 
born  in  Franklin  Township,  this  county.  May  20,  1816.  His  father 
and  mothfer  were  Jesse  and  Catharine  Orndurf,  vvho  were  natives  of 


592  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

Yii-i;iiiia,  but  came  to  (Ireene  County,  Peiin.,  and  spent  tlieir  later 
life."  Mr.  Onidurf  departed  this  life  in  1816,  and  after  his  death 
Mrs.  Orndurf  was  united' in  marriage  with  John  Clgrilon.  Both  are 
now  deceased.  Jesse  Orndurf  was  united  in  marriage  the  iirst  time 
with  Isabella  Mooney,  who  was  a  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Cassandra 
Mooney,  the  former  a  native  of  Ireland,  and  the  latter  of  Pennsyl- 
vania. By  this  mai'riage  Mr.  Orndurf  is  the  father  of  four  children, 
only  one  of  whom  is  living — Mary  J.,  wile  of  Silas  Fordyce.  Mrs. 
Orndurf  departed  this  life  in  1851.  In  1853  Mr,  Orndurf  married 
for  his  second  wife  Susan  Wear,  born  in  West  Yirginia,  November 
21,  1826.  Mrs.  Orndurf  is  a  daughter  of  William  and  Sarah  Wear. 
Her  father  died  in  Portsmouth,  Ohio,  and  her  mother  in  West  Yir- 
ginia. By  the  second  marriage  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Orndurf  have  six 
children — Elizabeth,  wife  of  S.  11.  Fordyce;  William,  who  married 
Eliza  Mitchell;  Inghram,  the  husband  of  Sidney  AYhite;  Jesse  B., 
who  married  Mollie  L.  Hughes;  Sarah  A ,  wife  of  C.  Y.  Smith,  and 
Sidney,  wife  of  Thomas  Stewart.  Mr.  Orndurf  has  been  engaged 
in  farming  all  his  life,  and  has  given  his  children  a  great  deal  of 
property.  He  owns  at  present  400  acres  of  land  in  Greene  County. 
He  and  wife  are  zealous  members  of  the  Methodist  Protestant  Church. 
In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat. 

S.  B.  OWEN,  physician.  Oak  Forest,  Penn. — Among  the  suc- 
cessful young  pliysicians  of  Greene  County,  Pennsylvania,  we  take 
pleasure  in  mentioning  the  name  of  Dr.  S.  B.  Owen,  who  was  born 
in  Greene  County,  January  4,  1857.  He  is  a  son  of  Isaac  N.  and 
Anna  Owen  (nee  Rush),  who  are  natives  of  this  county,  where  they 
have  spent  most  of  their  lives.  Doctor  Owen  was  united  in  marriage 
August  28,  1879,  with  Laura  K.  Donley,  who  'vvus  born  at  Mt. 
Morris,  Penn.,  August  28,  1862.  She  is  a  daughter  of  David  L.  and 
Louisa  Donley  (iiee  Evans).  Her  father  is  a  native  of  this  county, 
and  her  mother  of  West  Yirginia.  They  have  resided  in  this  county 
since  their  marriao-e.  To  Dr.  S.  B.  O^-en  and  wife  have  been  born 
two  children — Mabel  D.  and  Edward  L.  The  Doctor  commenced 
reading  medicine  with  his  father  in  1879,  and  graduated  from  tlie 
Starling  Medical  College  of  Columbus,  Ohio,  March  6,  1884.  He 
began  the  practice  of  liis  profession  at  Oak  Forest,  Penn.,  the  same 
year,  where  he  receives  a  large  patronage  and  meets  with  good 
success. 

JOHN  PATTERSON,  farmer,  P.  O.,  Hunter's  Cave,  Penn.,  was 
born  in  Washington  County,  Penn.,  August  18,  1819,  and  is  a  son 
of  John  and  Mary  (Enlow)  Patterson.  His  father  is  a  native  of  Adams 
County.  Mrs.  Patterson  was  born  in  Washington  County,  Penn., 
where  they  were  married  and  remained  until  their  death.  On  Sep- 
tember 15,  1846,  John  married  Mahala  Patterson,  a  native  of  Morris 
Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,   born  January   15,   1828.       Her 


niSTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  593 

parents,  John  and  Elizabeth  (Shriver)  Patterson,  were  natives  of 
Greene  County  and  resided  therein  through  life.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Pat- 
terson are  the  parents  of  six  children,  three  of  whom  are  livino- — . 
James  E.,  Samantha,  wife  of  Jacob  Schrode;  and  Ida  B.  The  de- 
ceased are  Xancy  E.,  Mahalia  S.  and  John  W.  Mr.  Patterson  was 
raised  on  a  farm  and  has  made  farming  the  occupation  of  his  life. 
He  is  the  owner  of  220  acres  of  good  land  where  he  and  his  family 
reside.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Patterson  are  leadino-  members  of  theMeth- 
odist  Episcopal  Church. 

JESSE  C.  PATTERSOX,  tanner,  Waynesburg,  Penn.,  is  one  bf 
the  industrious  young  farmers  of  Center  Township,  where  he  was 
born  September  22,  1854.  He  is  a  son  of  James  and  Mary  J.  (Par- 
shall)  Patterson,  natives  of  Washington  and  Fayette  counties,  re- 
spectively They  were  married  in  Greene  County  and  remained  there 
until  their  death.  Mrs.  Patterson  departed  this  life  March  7,  1884:, 
and  her  husband  July  16,  1885.  Jesse  C.  was  united  in  marriage 
January  18,  1883,  with  Ilebecca  Wade,  who  was  born  in  this  county 
December  4,  1802.  Her  father  and  mother  are  Greenberry  and 
Mar}'-  (McCormick)  Wade,  natives  of  West  Virginia,  where  they 
lived  for  many  years.  They  subseqnently  moved  to  Greene  County, 
Penn.,  and  reside  in  Mt.  Morris.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Patterson  are  the 
parents  of  two  children,  one  living,  James  E.,  and  Wade  (deceased). 
Mr.  Patterson  has  been  engaged  in  farming  through  life,  and  owns 
102  acres  of  land  which  constitutes  his  home  farm.  In  politics 
he  is  a  Democrat;  he  has  held  the  office  of  school  director  in  his 
township,  and  he  and  Mrs.  Patterson  are  consistent  members  of  the 
Baptist  Church. 

O.  S.  PHILLIPS,  farmer,  P.  O.  Hunters  Cave,  was  born  in 
Washington  County,  Penn.,  August  21,  1829.  He  is  a  son  of  John 
and  Lida  (Rutan)  Phillips,  the  former  a  native  of  Greene  and  the 
latter  of  Washington  County,  where  they  were  married  and  remained 
until  about  the  year  1844.  They  then  moved  to  Greene  County  and 
remained  until  Mr.  Phillips  death,  which  occurred  at  Fairfax  Court 
House  durino;  the  rebellion.  After  his  death  his  widow  lived  with 
her  son  O.  S.,  w'ith  whom  she  made  her  home  until  her  death.  Mr. 
O.  S.  Phillips  was  united  in  marriage,  August  1,  1850,  with  Chai-ity 
Graham,  who  was  horn  on  the  farm  where  she  resides,  August  16, 
1833.  Her  pare-sfts  were  George  and  Sarah  B.  (Mason)  Graham, 
natives  of  this  county  and  residents  of  Center  Township  until  their 
death.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Phillips  have  been  born  the  following 
named  children — George  W.,  Margaret  J.,  wife  of  Simon  Moore; 
Samuel  O..  Belle  L.,  wife  of  W.  McCullough;  Benjamin  F.,  Sadie  L., 
Dora  M.,  Birdie  W.,  Olive  C.  and  Gny  C.  The  deceased  are  Rhoda 
A.  and  Willis  B.  Mr.  Phillips  w^as  raised  on  a  farm  and  has  1)een 
engaged  in  farming  and  stock-growing  all  his  life.      He  owns  about 


594  HISfOEY    OF    GliEEi^E    tlOtfNTY, 

440  acres  of  land  in  Greene  County.  In  politics  lie  is  a  Democrat, 
has  tilled  the  office  of  school  director  in  his  township,  and  he  and 
his  wife  are  active  members  in  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

LEYl  PORTER,  Harvey's,  Penn.,  was  born  in  Franklin  Town- 
ship this  county,  June  5,  1845.  His  parents,  John  and  Hannah 
(Rinehart)  Porter,  were  natives  of  Greene  County,  where  they  were 
married  and  remained  until  their  death.  Levi  was  united  in  mar- 
riage September  3,  1873,  with  Lizzie,  daughter  of  David  and  Eliza- 
beth Kent.  Her  father  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  and  her  mother 
of  New  Jersey.  Both  are  now  deceased.  Mrs.  Porter  was  born  in 
Franklin  Township.  She  and  Mr.  Porter  had  a  family  of  four 
children — Linnie  L.,  Mattie  M.,  Alma  E.  and  Florence  A.  Their 
mother  died  October  3,  1883.  Mr.  Porter  was  afterwards  united  in 
marriage,  March  30,  1885,  with  Liimie  Bradford,  who  was  also  a 
native  of  Franklin  Township,  born  October  20,  185G.  She  is  a 
daughter  of  Robert  and  Sarah  J.  Bradford  {^tee  Kent),  also  natives  of 
Pennsylvania  and  residents  of  Greene  County  until  Mrs.  Bradford's 
death.  Mr.  Bradford  is  still  living.  By  his  last  marriage  Mr. 
Porter  is  the  father  of  two  children — Goldie  M.  and  Viola  E.  Mr. 
Porter  has  been  engaged  in  ditferent  lines  of  business  during  his  life, 
but  at  present  devotes  his  time  principally  to  farming,  and  owns  one- 
hundred  and  thirty-eight  acres  of  land  where  he  and  his  family  re- 
side. Mr.  and  Mrs.  Porter  belong  to  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  of  which  his  deceased  wife  was  also  a  devoted  member. 

W.  P.  REESE,  miller,  Rogersville,  Penn. — Among  the  stirring 
business  men  of  Rogersville  we  take  pleasure  in  mentioning  the 
name  of  William  P.Reese,  who  is  a  native  of  (ri-ecne  County  and 
was  born  November  28,  18S4.  He  is  a  son  of  John  D.  and  Cath- 
arine Reese,  who  were  pioneers  of  Greene  County,  and  remained  in  it 
until  their  death.  William  was  united  in  marriage  September  11, 
1869,  with  Mai-ia  Fry,  Mdio  was  born  in  this  county,  March  21, 
1847.  Mrs.  Reese  is  a  daughter  of  George  and  Elizabeth  In-y,  who 
were  born  in  Greene  County.  Mr.  Fry  in  1813,  and  his  wife  in  1818. 
Mr.  Fry  is  still  living.  Mr.  Reese  and  wife  are  the  parents  of  seven 
children — John  L.,  Cora  B.,  George  C,  Catharine  E.,  William  A., 
Alice  M.  and  Allen  T.  Mr,  Reese  is  a  miller  by  occupation,  owns  a 
grist  and  planing-mill  in  Rogersville,  also  225  acres  of  land  in  Greene 
County.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  Order  and  his  political 
views  are  Democratic.  He  has  been  a  citizen  of  Rogersville  for  nine 
years. 

PHILLIP  RUSH,  farmer,  Rogersville,  Penn.,  was  born  in  Morris 
Township,  Greene  County,  Pennsylvania,  October  17,  1834.  He  is 
a  son  of  Abraham  and  Lida  Rush  {iiee  Bottomtield),  the  former  a 
native  of  New  Jersey,  and  the  latter  of  Pennsylvania.  They  were 
married  in  Greene  County  and  resided  there  until  their  death.       In 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  59g 

1857  Phillip  Eusli  married  Catharine  M.  Huft'mau,  who  was  born 
in  Center  Township,  this  connty,  in  1837.  Her  parents,  Joseph  and 
Sarah  (Hunt)  Huflinan,  were  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  and  resided 
in  Greene  County  until  their  death.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Rush  have 
been  born  eleven  children,  ten  of  whom  are  living — Stephen  B., 
Joseph  L.,  Francis  M.,  Nancy  E.,  Clarinda,  Timothy  R.,  John,  Yada, 
Lucy,  May  and  Ora.  Thomas  J.  is  deceased.  Mr.  Rush  has  been 
a  farmer  all  his  life,  and  owns  123  acres  of  valuable  land  where  he 
and  his  family  reside.  Mrs.  flush  is  a  devoted  member  of  the 
Baptist  Church. 

C.  "VV.  SCOTT,  farmer,  Rntan,  Penn,,  was  born  December  16, 
1837,  on  the  farm  where  he  and  family  reside  in  Center  Township. 
He  is  a  son  of  John  and  Mnry  A.  Scott  {iiee  Teagarden),  who  were 
natives  of  Pennsylvania  and  residents  of  Greene  County  nntil  their 
death.  Mrs.  Scott  departed  this  life  in  1856,  and  her  husband  lost 
liis  life  in  a  collision  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  near  Co- 
lumbus, Ohio,  October  6,  1860.  They  were  the  parents  of  four 
children.  On  October  6,  1859,  C.  W.  Scott  was  united  in  marriage 
with  Rachel  Webster,  who  was  born  in  this  county  November  30, 
1839.  Her  parents  were  John  and  Elizabeth  (Cowell)  Webster,  also 
natives  of  this  county.  Mr.  Webster  died  in  1871  and  Mrs.  Web- 
ster in  1871.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Scott  have  been  born  five  children, 
four  living — William  IL,  George  M.,  John,  Flora,  and  Mary  E. 
(deceased).  Mr.  Scott  was  raised  on  a  farm,  has  spent  his  life  in 
tarming:,  and  is  the  owner  of  124  acres  of  land.  He  has  served  as 
director  of  the  poor  in  Greene  County  for  three  years.  Mrs.  Scott 
is  a  faithful  member  of  the  Baptist  Church. 

THOMAS  SCOTT,  farmer,  P.  O.  Rutan,  Penn.,  was  born  in  Center 
Township,  Greene  County,  December  24,  1834.  His  parents,  Elias 
and  Harriet  (Kent)  Scott,  were  natives  of  this  county,  where  they 
were  married  and  remained  throuo^li  life.  Mr.  Scott  died  Auo^ust 
20,  1884,  and  his  M'ife  June  14,  of  the  same  year.  On  September 
13,  1855,  Thomas  Scott  married  Elizabeth  A.  Turner.  Mrs.  Scott 
was  born  in  Greene  County,  June  12,  1838,  and  is  a  daughter  of 
Rev.  James  L.  and  Nancy  (Patterson)  Turner.  Her  father  was  a 
native  of  New  York  and  her  mother  of  Greene  County,  Penn.  Both 
are  now  deceased.  Vi^^  this  marriage  Mr.  Scott  is  the  father  of 
eight  children — Wesley  S.,  Walter  P.,  Elias,  Harriet  N.,  Ida  L., 
Albert  F.,  Carrie  E.  and  James  E.  Mrs.  Scott  died  July  16,  1876. 
Mr.  Scott  was  subsequently  united  in  marriage  December  20,  1879, 
with  Anna  B.  Drake,  who  was  born  in  Greene  County,  October  5, 
1849.  Her  parents,  Francis  and  Eliza  Drake,  were  natives  of  this 
county.  Mr.  Drake  is  deceased.  By  the  second  marriage  Mr. 
Scott  is  the  father  of  three  children^Ilarry  R.,  Leah  N.  and  Will- 
iam.    Mr.  Scott  has  been  a  farmer  all  his  life,  and  owns  133  acres 

31 


596  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

of  land  where  lie  and  family  live,  besides  property  in  West  Virginia. 
He  lias  been  a  member  of  the  school  board  of  his  township.  He 
and  Mrs.  Scott  belong  to  the  Methodist  Protestant  Church,  of  which 
his  deceased  wife  was  also  a  devout  member. 

GEORGE  W.  SCOTT,  farmer,  Rutan,  Penn.,was  born  in  Center 
Township,  this  county,  April  30,  1837.  His  parents  are  James  and 
Charlotte  (Stravvn)  Scott,  natives  of  Greene  County,  where  they 
were  married  and  remained  until  Mr.  Scott's  death  in  1884.  His 
widow  is  still  living.  George  W.  was  united  in  marriage  July  4, 
1864,  with  Amanda  J.  Woods,  who  was  born  in  Waynesburg,  Penn., 
October  25,  1843,  and  is  a  daughter  of  Samuel  and  Leah  Woods 
{nee  Divers).  Mrs.  Scott's  mother  was  l)orn  in  Baltimore,  Md., 
and  her  father  was  a  native  of  Washington  County,  Penn.,  where 
they  were  married.  They  settled  in  Waynesburg  and  remained 
until  their  death — Mrs.  Woods  dying  June  6,  1885,  and  her  hus- 
band June  21,  1886.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Scott  have  been  born  six 
children,  viz. — Emma  L.,  wife  of  George  B,  McNeely,  M.  D.;  Mary 
C,  Cora,  Nellie  L.,  Reynolds  and  Claude.  Mr.  Scott  has  devoted 
his  life  chiefly  to  farming,  and  owns  131  acres  of  land  where  he 
and  family  reside.  When  the  war  broke  out  Mr.  Scott  entered  the 
service  of  his  country  in  Company  I,  Eighth  Pennsylvania  Reserves, 
and  served  three  years.  He  passed  through  many  serious  engage- 
ments, and  was  wounded  three  times.  He  has  filled  the  office  of 
auditor  of  his  township.  Mrs.  Scott  is  a  consistent  member  of  the 
Methodist  ICpiscopal  Church. 

HENRY  A.  SCOTT,  farmer,  P.  O.  Rutan,  was  born  in  Greene 
County,  Penn.,  April  11,  1842.  He  is  a  son  of  James  and  Charlotte 
(Strawn)  Scott,  who  were  natives  of  Greene  County,  where  they  re- 
sided until  Mr.  Scott's  death,  which  occurred  April  9,  1884.  His 
widow  is  still  living.  Henry  was  united  in  marriage  January  28, 
1864,  with  Catharine  Morris.  Mrs,  Scott  was  born  in  this  county 
July  7,  1848,  and  is  a  daughter  of  Ephraim  and  Martha  (Roseberry) 
Morris.  Her  parents  were  also  natives  of  Greene  County,  and  resi- 
dents therein  through  life.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Scott  have  been  born 
six  children,  of  whom  four  are  living — James  E.,  Lucy  J.,  Asa  and 
Sarah.  Mr.  Scott  has  been  engaged  in  farming  through  life,  and 
owns  184  acres  of  land  where  he  and  family  live.  Mrs.  Scott  is  a 
devoted  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

JOSHUA  SCOTT,  farmer,  P.  O.  Rutan,  is  one  of  the  pioneers 
of  Greene  County,  Penn.  He  was  born  December  20,  1824,  and  is 
a  son  of  James  and  Mary  Scott  {iiee  Sellers).  His  parents  were 
natives  of  Greene  County,  where  they  resided  until  their  death. 
On  October  10,  1843,  Joshua  Scott  married  Nancy  J.  Rinehart. 
She  was  born  in  this  county  in  1826,  and  is  a  daughter  of  Samuel 
and  Mary  Rinehart,  both  deceased.     To  Mr.  Joshua  Scott  and  wife 


HISTORY    OF    GKtlENE    COtlNTV.  597 

\vere  born  four  cliildren,  of  wliom  tliree  are  living — Mary  E.,  Chris- 
topher  and  Samuel.  James  is  the  deceased.  Mr.  Scott  has  eno-aged 
in  farming  throughout  liis  life,  and  owns  160  acres  of  land  where 
he  and  family  reside,  lie  belongs  to  the  Methodist  Protestant 
church,  of  which  his  wife,  who  died  January  1,  1866,  was  also  a 
faithful  member.  By  her  death  the  family  were  bereft  of  a  faithful 
and  devoted  wife  and  mother. 

ASA  M.  SELLERS,  farmer,  Rogersville,  Penn. — The  gentleman 
whose  name  heads  this  sketch  is  a  descendant  of  one  of  the  pioneer 
families  of  Greene  County,  Penn.,  where  he  was  born  July  8,  1828. 
His  father  and  mother  were  David  and  Elizabeth  Sellers,  who  were 
also  natives  of  this  county,  and  ren;iained  here  until  their  death. 
Asa  Sellers  was  united  in  marriage  March  31,  1855,  with  Jane  Orn- 
doff.  Mrs.  Sellers  was  born  in  Center  Township  Marcli  23,  1832. 
Her  parents  were  William  and  Salome  Orndoft'  (nee  Wisecarver), 
To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Sellers  have  been  born  six  children,  of  whom  four 
are  living — Elizabeth  S.,  wife  of  Carey  Grimes;  William  L.,  Atkin- 
son H.  and  David  R.  The  deceased  are  Mary  A.  and  Adda  M. 
Mr.  Sellers  has  been  engaged  in  farming  and  raising  stock  all  his 
life,  and  owns  about  200  acres  of  land  where  he  and  family  reside. 
In  politics  he  is  a  Pepublican. 

THOMAS  SMITH,  farmer,  Rutan,  Penn.,  was  born  in  Center 
Township  January  6,  1830.  He  is  a  son  of  Edmund  and  Elizabeth 
(Adamson)  Sinith,  who  were  natives  of  Greene  County,  where  they 
were  married  and  remained  until  Mr.  Smith's  death,  Februai-y  11, 
1887.  Mrs.  Smith  is  still  living.  Thomas  is  their  oldest  child,  and 
was  united  in  marriage  April  19,  1855,  with  Susannah  Scott,  who 
was  born  in  Center  Township,  September  24,  1836.  Her  jiarents, 
Elias  and  Harriet  (Kent)  Scott,  were  natives  of  Greene  County  and 
residents  there  until  their  death.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Smith  are  the 
parents 'of  eight  children,  seven  living — James  L.,  Hiram  R.,  Laura 
A.,  wife  of  Lindsey  D.  Grove;  William  L.,  Emerson  B.,  Fannie  A., 
Elzie  and  Harriet  E.  (deceased),  Mr.  Smith's  life  has  been  devoted 
to  farming  and  the  raising  of  stock.  His  farm  in  Center  Township^ 
consists  of  289  acres  of  land,  on  which  are  fine  substantial  buildings. 
Mr.  Smith  has  filled  the  ofHce  of  director  of  the  poor,  and  has  been  a 
member  of  the  school  board.  He  and  wife  are  members  of  the 
Baptist  Church. 

JOB  C.  SMITH,  farmer,  Rutan,  Penn,,  was  born  in  Center 
Township  December  1,  1818.  He  is  a  son  of  Edmund  and  Eliza- 
beth Smith  [7iee  Adamson),  natives  of  Greene  County,  Penn.,  where 
they  resided  until  Mr.  Smith's  death  in  1887.  His  widow  is  still 
living.  Job  C.  was  united  in  the  holy  bonds  of  matrimony  August 
1,  1875,  with  Christie  A.  Slusher,  who  was  born  in  Washington 
County,  Penn.,  ]S'o\  ember  11,  1846,  and  is  a  daughter  of  David  and 


598  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

Elizabeth  Slushei-  [nee  Moore).  Her  parents  are  also  natives  of 
Washington  County,  and  moved  to  Greene  County  in  1872.  In 
1880  they  went  to  Iowa,  where  they  still  reside.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Smith  have  six  children — Bessie  E.,  liattie  E.,  Guy  B.,  Clyde  D., 
Loyd  L.  and  Goldie  Z.  Mr.  Smith  is  an  industrious  farmer,  and  is 
the  owner  of  106  acres  of  land  where  he  and  family  live.  He  and 
wife  are  zealous  members  of  the  Baptist  Church. 

J.  C.  SMITH,  retired  farmer,  Eutan,  Penn.,  was  born  in  Morgan 
Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  May  11,  1814.  His  parents,  Job 
and  Mary  (Cravan)  Smith,  were  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  settled  after 
marriage  in  Morgan  Township,  and  remained  during  life.  They 
were  the  parents  of  three  children.  J.  C.  is  their  only  child  living, 
and  was  united  in  marriage  July  4, 1839,  with  Elizabeth  Scott.  She 
was  born  in  Center  Township  March  20,  1821,  and  is  a  daughter  of 
John  and  Susannah  Scott  [nee  JMiceswunger).  Her  parents,  who 
were  natives  of  Greene  County,  are  both  deceased.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Smith  are  the  parents  of  eleven  children,  of  whom  ten  are  living — 
William,  Sarah  A.,  wife  of  William  Cowen;  John,  Maria  J.,  wife  of 
James  Wells;  Mary,  Thomas  J.,  Hiram  S.,  Samuel  IL,  Lydia,  wife 
of  George  Grimes;  and  Emma  A.,  wife  of  Samuel  Showalter.  The 
deceased  is  Job,  who  died  in  the  Andersonville  prison.  Mr.  Smith 
has  been  a  farmer  all  his  life,  and  owns  a  nice  home  where  he  and 
family  reside.  He  and  wife  are  active  members  of  the  Methodist 
Protestant  Church. 

STEPHEN  STEAWN  a  retired  farmer  residing  near  Waynes- 
burg,  Penn.,  was  born  in  Franklin  Township  September  5,  1817. 
He  is  a  son  of  Abner  and  Juda  (Grant)  Strawn,  who  were  natives  of 
Pennsylvania  and  died  in  AYashington  County.  Stephen  was  united 
in  the  holy  bonds  of  matrimony  July  15,  1841,  with  Margaret  J. 
Jewell.  Mrs.  Strawn  was  also  a  native  of  Franklin  Township,  born 
November.  3,  1823,  and  is  a  daughter  of  Samuel  and  Margaret 
(Mason)  Jewell,  the  former  a  native  of  New  Jersey  and  the  latter  of 
Ireland.  They  are  now  deceased.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Strawn  have 
been  born  eight  children,  seven  of  whom  are  living — John,  Eliza, 
wife  of  Jacob  Wilson;  Samuel,  William,  Abner,  Mason  and  Morton 
T.  The  deceased  is  Elizabeth,  who  was  the  wife  of  J.  B.  Smith. 
Mr.  Straws  has  been  a  farmer  all  his  life,  and  is  the  owner  of  ninety- 
seven  acres  of  land  where  he  and  family  reside.  He  has  served  as 
school  director  and  inspector  of  elections  in  his  township. 

SAMUEL  THOMPSON,  P.  O.  Kogersville,  Penn.,  was  born 
in  Center  Township,  Greene  County,  Pennsylvania,  January  1, 
1839.  He  is  a  son  of  Joseph  and  Margaret  (Bowler)  Thompson. 
The  former  is  a  native  of  West  Virginia,  and  the  latter  of  Greene 
County,  Penn.,  where  they  were  married  and  made  their  home  until 
Mr.  Thompson's  death,  which  occurred  July  7, 1867.    Mrs.  Thompson 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  599 

is  still  living.  She  resides  with  her  son  Samuel,  >vho  was  united 
in  marriage  March  4,  1865,  with  Sarah  E.  Call.  Mrs.  Thompson 
was  born  in  Center  Township  in  1840,  and  is  a  daughter  of  James 
and  Sarah  E.  Call  who  were  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  and  departed 
this  life  in  Greene  County.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Thompson  are  the  parents 
of  nine  children,  of  whom  eight  are  living — Thomas,  Harry,  Mary 
B.,  Maggie,  James,  Lindsey,  Essa  and  Coral.  Henry  is  deceased. 
Mr.  Thompson  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  has  devoted  almost  all  his 
life  to  farming.  He  owns  about  320  acres  of  land.  When  needed 
in  the  surface  of  his  country  he  enlisted  in  Company  E,  Eiglity-lifth 
Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  served  for  three  years,  and  was  in  a  num- 
ber of  serious  engagements.  He  and  wife  are  faithful  meml)ers  of 
the  Christian  Church. 

JAMES  THPOCKMORTOX,  retired  farmer,  P.  O.  Harvey's, 
Penn.,  is  one  of  the  pioneer  farmers  of  Center  Township.  He  was  born 
in  Eranhlin  Township,  this  county,  Eebruary  22,  1810.  IHs  father 
and  mother  were  Joseph  and  Catharine  (Hulsart)  Throckmorton,  na- 
tives of  Monmouth  County,  New  Jersey,  where  they  were  united  in 
marriage  in  1809.  Soon  after  marriage  they  moved  to  Franklin 
Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  and  remained  until  Mrs.  Throck- 
morton's death  in  March,  1853.  After  her  death  IVlr.  Throckmor- 
ton w-as  united  in  marriage  the  second  time  in  Morrow  County, 
Ohio,  with  Laura  Gilbert,  and  remained  in  that  county  until  her 
death.  He  then  returned  to  Greene  County,  Penn.,  and  made  his 
liome  with  his  children  until  his  death,  September  15,  1881.  James, 
the  subject  of  our  sketch,  was  united  in  marriage  January  9,  1840, 
with  Mary  M.,  daughter  of  William  S.  and  Jane  (Gettys)  Harvey. 
Mrs.  Throckmorton  was  born  in  Center  Township,  May  3,  1821. 
Her  father  was  a  native  of  Philadelphia,  Penn.,  and  represented 
Greene  County  in  the  State  Legislature.  Her  mother  was  born  in 
Fayette  County,  Penn.  After  marriage  they  settled  and  remained 
in  Center  Township  until  their  death.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Throck- 
morton have  been  born  nine  children,  of  whom  eight  are  living — 
Joseph  G.,  Catharine  C,  wife  of  Daniel  Hopkins;  Mary  E.,  wife  of 
Andrew  Erantz;  William  H.;  Maggie  C,  wife  of  Robert  Dins- 
more;  Sadie  A.;  Carrie  L.,  wife  of  George  C.  Davis,  and  Emma  F., 
wife  of  John  M.  Burroughs.  Mr.  Throckmorton  is  a  millwright  by 
trade,  which  he  followed'for  fifteen  years.  He  has  since  engaged  in 
farming,  and  owns  120  acres  of  land  where  he  and  family  live.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Throckmorton  are  active  members  of  the  Methodist  Epis- 
copal Church,  and  the  entire  family  are  highly  respected  by  all  who 
know  them. 

SAMUEL  THROCKMORTON",  deceased,  who  was  a  farmer  of 
Rogersville,  Penn.,  was  born  in  Franklin  Townsliip,  May  21,  1818. 
He  was  a  son  of  Morford  and  Margaret  (Hill)  Throckmorton.    His 


(300  HISTORY    OF    GEEENE    COUNTY. 

fatlier  came  from  New  Jersey,  and  his  mother  was  a  native  of 
Greene  County,  Penn.,  wliere  they  were  married  and  spent  all  their 
lives.  Samuel  was  united  in  marriage  July  24,  1844,  with  Nancy 
Reese,  who  was  born  near  AVaynesburg,  Penn.,  January  31,  1825. 
Mrs.  Throckmoi'ton  is  the  only  daughter  of  John  and  Elizabeth  (Drips) 
Reese,  also  natives  of  Greene  County,  where  they  remained  until 
their  death.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Throckmorton  were  born  eight  chil- 
dren,  of  whom  seven  are  living,  viz.,  Elizabeth  M.,  wife  of  James  B. 
Smith;  "William  S.,  John  R.,  James  B.,  Thomas  M.,  Albert  B.  and 
Charlie.  The  deceased  is  Martraret,  who  was  the  wife  of  Morgan 
Ross,  and  departed  this  life  February  6,  1883.  Mr.  Throckmorton 
was  a  farmer  and  wool-grower  in  his  life-time.  At  the  time  of  liis 
death  he  owned  about  980  acres  of  land,  and  his  wife  about  200  acres. 
He  was  a  member  of  theM.  E.  Churcli,  and  during  the  last  half  of  his 
life  he  held  at  various  times  the  position  of  trustee  and  leader  in  his 
chosen  denomination.  Mrs.  Throckmorton  is  a  faithful  member  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church.  Mr.  Throckmorton  was  killed  by  lightning, 
July  28,  1881,  while  at  work  in  the  field  with  four  of  his  sons.  By 
his  death  the  countj^  lost  a  good  citizen  and  his  family  a  kind  hus- 
band and  father. 

JESSE  ULLOM,  merchant,  Rogersville,  Peim.  —  Among  the 
substantial  business  men  of  Rogersville,  we  take  pleasure  in  men- 
tioning Jesse  Ullom,  who  was  born  in  Greene  County  June  20, 
1836.  He  is  a  son  of  Daniel  T.  and  Anna  (Johnson)  Ullom,  who 
were  natives  of  Greene  County,  wliere  they  resided  until  Mr. 
Ullom's  death,  in  October,  1881.  His  widow  survives  him.  This 
union  was  blessed  with  twelve  children,  nine  of  whom  are  living — 
three  sons  and  six  daughters.  On  March  29, 1861,  Jesse  was  united 
in  marriage  with  Phcebe  Morris,  who  was  born  in  this  county  No- 
vember 11,  1843,  She  is  a  daughter  of  Ephraim  and  Martha  Morris, 
both  deceased.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Morris  were  the  parents  of  ten  chil- 
dren, of  whom  eight  are  living.  Mr.  and  j\[rs.  Ullom  have  a  family 
of  seven  children,  four  living,  viz.,  Thomas  M.,  Mattie  A.,  John  T. 
and  Jesse  F.  The  deceased  ar6  Fannie  L.  and  two  infants.  Mr. 
Ullom  has  been  engaged  in  farming  and  merchandising  all  his  life. 
He  owns  forty-seven  acres  of  land,  nice  property  in  Rogersville,  also 
a  general  country  store.  In  1881  he  was  elected  to  the  office  of 
justice  of  the  peace  in  Center  Township,  and  has  been  serving  in 
that  capacity  ever  since.  He  and  wife  are  active  members  of  the 
Methodist  Protestant  Church, 

ROBERT  WATSON,  farmer  and  stock-dealer,  Holbrook,  Penn., 
was  born  in  West  Bethlehem  Townsliip,  Washington  County,  April 
12,  1847.  He  is  a  son  of  John  and  Anna  Watson.  His  father  was 
a  native  of  Ireland,  and  came  with  his  parents  to  America  when  ten 
years  of  age.     His   mother  is  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  where  she 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUiSTTY.  601 

and  Mr.  Watson  were  married  in  AYasliington  Connty,  and  remained 
there  until  their  death.  Mr.  John  Watson  departed  this  life  in  1856, 
and  Mrs.  Watson  in  1869.  They  are  bnried  on  the  farm  at  the  head 
of  Castile,  where  the  family  settled  when  they  lirst  came  to  this 
country.  In  1870  Kobert  Watson  married  Kate  Anderson,  who  was 
a  native  of  Amwell  Township,  AVashington  County,  and  born  in 
1848.  Her  parents  were  John  and  Anna  (Ilowshow)  Anderson, 
natives  of  Pennsylvania  and  residents  in  Greene  County  through 
life.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Watson  have  seven  children — Samuel,  John  I., 
Smith,  Anna  F.,  George  AV.,  Maggie  and  Lizzie.  Mr.  AVatson  was 
reared  on  a  farm  and  has  made  farming  and  stock-dealing  his  busi- 
ness through  life.  He  owns  about  112  acres  of  land  where  he  re- 
sides with  liis  family.  During  the  late  Rebellion  he  went  into  the 
service  of  his  country  in  Company  1),  Sixth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  and 
served  until  the  close  of  the  war.  lie  and  wife  are  consistent  mem- 
bers of  the  Christian  Church,  and  are  highly  respected  by  all  who 
know  them. 

SAMUEL  AVEBSTER,  a  successful  farmer  and  stock- dealer, 
Rutan,  Penn.,  was  born  in  Jefferson  Township,  this  county,  Novem- 
ber 23,  1833.  He  is  a  son  of  John  and  Elizabeth  (Cowell)  AVebster. 
The  former  was  a  native  of  New  Jersey,  and  the  latter  of  Greene 
County,  Penn.,  where  they  were  married  and  remained  until  about 
the  year  1868,  at  which  time  they  moved  to  Iowa,  where  Air.  Web- 
ster departed  this  life,  November  9, 1871.  His  widow  then  returned 
to  Greene  Connty,  and  died  May  11,  1874.  They  were  the  parents 
of  twelve  children,  eleven  of  whom  are  living.  In  September,  1856, 
Samuel  AVebster  married  Lucinda  Goodwin,  a  native  of  Center  Town- 
ship, and  daughter  of  John  Goodwin,  now  deceased.  By  this  mar- 
riage Air.  AA^'ebster  is  the  father  of  two  children,  one  living.  Alary  E., 
wife  of  Andrew  Johnson,  and  John,  deceased.  Airs.  AVebster  de- 
parted this  life  in  1860.  Air.  AA^ebster  was  afterwards  married,  Sep- 
tember 29,  1863,  to  Nancy  Higinbotham,  who  was  born  in  West 
Virginia,  October  7,  1834.  Her  parents  were  Thomas  and  Lucretia 
Higinbotham,  who  departed  this  life  in  AVest  Virginia.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  AVebster  are  the  parents  of  eight  children — Lucinda  J.,  wife  of 
Daniel  AV.  Jacobs;  AVilliam  AV.,  Anna  AL,  Samuel  H.,  Bertha  B., 
Alaggie  A.,  John  I.  and  Adolphus  S.  Having  been  reared  on  a  farm, 
Mr.  AVebster  has  devoted  his  whole  attention  to  farming  and  stock- 
dealing,  and  owns  about  425  acres  of  land  in  Greene  County,  besides 
hotel  property  at  Ryerson's  Station,  Penn.  He  is  one  of  the  enter- 
prising and  industrious  business  men  of  Center  Township.  Air.  and 
Airs.  Webster  are  leading  members  in  the  Baptist  Church. 

BENJAAIIN  L.  WOODRUFF,  physician,  Holbrook,  Penn.,  was 
born  in  AVashington  County,  Penn.,  August  3,  1822,  and  is  a  son  of 
Jesse  and  Rebecca  (AVilson)  AVoodruff.     His  father  was  born  in  Eliza- 


(302  HISTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

beth,  N.  J.,  June  15, 1784.  His  mother  was  born  August  27, 1788,  in 
WashincTton  County,  Penn.,  where  they  made  their  home  for  a  num- 
ber of  years.  Jesse  Woodrntf  departed  this  life  March  3,  18G2,  and 
his  wife  April  8,  1870.  The  Doctor  was  united  in  marriage  the  first 
time  March  31,  1847,  with  Martha,  daughter  of  Samuel  Barnett. 
Mrs.  Woodruff  was  a  native  of  Washington  County,  Penn.  l>y  this 
marriage  Dr.  Woodruff  is  the  father  of  three  children — William  B., 
Emily,  and  Dr.  SamnelW.  (deceased).  Mrs.  Woodruff  departed  this 
life  January  25,  1854.  The  Doctor  was  afterwards  united  in  mar- 
riage, September  13,1855,  with  AcindaLough,  who  was  born  in  West 
Viro-inia,  April  10,  1836.  Iler  parents,  John  and  Sarah  (Basnett) 
Lough,  were  natives  of  West  A-^irginia,  and  remained  tiiere  until 
their  death.  By  his  second  marriage  Dr.  Woodruff  is  the  father  of 
seven  cliildren,  six  living — Newton  C.  (late  editor  Waynesburg  3Ies- 
se7}ge7'),  Dora,  Lillie,  Bessie,  Acinda,  Benjamin  L.,  and  Flora  (de- 
ceased). Dr.  Woodruff  began  reading  medicine  about  1844,  with 
Dr.  W.  G.  Barnett,  and  graduated  in  1848.  He  first  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  his  profession  in  Rogersville,  Penn.,  and  from  there  went 
to  West  Virginia  and  remained  until  1861.  He  then  moved  to  his 
present  location,  and  has  been  in  active  practice  ever  since.  He  owns 
420  acres  of  land  where  he  and  family  reside.  He  and  wife  are  mem- 
bers of  the  Christian  Church. 

E.  W.  WOOD,  farmer.  Oak  Forest,  Penn.,  is  among  the  repre- 
sentative farmers  and  wool  dealers  of  Greene  County.  He  was  born 
in  Franklin  Township,  October  28, 1837.  His  parents  were  John  D. 
and  Nancy  (Crichtield)  Wood,  also  natives  of  this  county,  where  they 
were  married  and  remained  until  their  death.  Mr.  Wood  departed 
this  life  September  26,  1876,  and  his  wife  October  12,  1849.  They 
had  a  family  of  seven  children,  of  whom  five  are  now  living.  E.  AV^. 
Wood  was  united  in  marriage,  October  17,  1867,  with  Mary  J.  Pat- 
terson, who  was  born  in  Whiteley  Township,  this  county,  September 
11,  1844.  She  was  a  daughter  of  William  and  Phoda  Patterson, 
also  natives  of  Greene  County,  and  residents  tlierein  through  life. 
To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wood  were  born  five  children,  of  whom  four  are 
living,  viz:  C.  Endsley,  Norman,  Edward,  Mary,  and  Charles  B.  (de- 
ceased). Mr.  Wood  is  a  tanner  by  trade,  in  which  he  engaged  until 
twenty-five  years  of  age.  He  then  enlisted  in  Company  K,  Fifteenth 
Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  and  served  his  country  three  years.  He  is  a 
member  of  McCuUongh  Post,  No.  367,  G.  A.  K.  When  the  war 
was  over  he  engaged  in  the  wool  and  stock  business,  and  also  farmed 
extensively.  He  is  the  owner  of  160  acres  of  land  where  he  and 
family  live.  Mr.  Wood  is  a  member  of  the  M.  E.  Church,  of  which 
his  deceased  wife  was  also  a  devoted  member.  She  departed  this  life 
January  30,  1881,  and  by  her  death  the  family  was  bereft  of  a  kind 
and  affectionate  wife  and  mother. 


IIISTOKY    OF    GKEENE    COUNTY.  603 

^       CARMICHAELS    BOROUGH    AND 
CUMBERLAND    TOWNSHIP. 

WILLIAM  A.  AILES,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  P.  O.  Car- 
micliaels,  was  born  in  TTasliington  County,  Deceuiber  25, 1835.  He 
is  a  son  of  James  and  Elizabetli  (Nixon)  Ailes,  who  were  also  natives 
of  AVasliington  County,  Penn.,  and  were  of  Englisli  and  Irish  de- 
scent. His  grandfather  was  x\nios  Ailes,  also  a  native  of  Washing- 
ton County.  William  is  the  A'oungest  of  a  family  of  seven  children. 
He  has  remained  on  the  farm  with  his  parents,  wliere  he  received  his 
education,  and  wisely  chose  farming  as  his  business.  His  farm  con- 
sists of  300  acres  of  land,  well  stocked  and  improved.  Mr.  Ailes 
was  united  in  marriage,  March  1, 1858,  with  Miss  Lucinda,  daughter 
of  Thomas  and  Dorcas  (Bell)  Patterson.  Mrs.  Ailes'  parents  were 
of  Irish  descent.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ailes'  only  child,  Mary  Bell,  was 
born  in  1880,  and  died  in  1886.  In  politics  Mr.  Ailes  is  a  Republi- 
can; in  religion  they  are  both  Cumberland  Presbyterians. 

WILLIAM  APtMSTEONG,  deceased,  who  \vas  a  farmer  and 
stock-grower,  was  a  son  of  Abraham  and  Puth  (Conwell)  Armstrong, 
and  was  born  in  Greene  County  in  October,  1805.  His  parents 
were  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  and  of  English  descent.  His  father 
was  a  farmer  by  occupation,  and  among  the  early  settlers  of  the 
county.  William  was  the  oldest  of  a  large  family,  and  was  reared 
on  the  farm  in  Cumberland  Township,  where  he  attended  the  sub- 
scription schools.  He  was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Mary  Will- 
iams, of  English  descent.  She  was  born  in  1807.  They  were  the 
parents  of  nine  children — Maggie,  wife  of  Archibald  Grooms;  George 
W.,  a  farmer;  Emma,  wife  of  William  M.  Murdock;  Elizabeth,  wife 
of  Josiah  L.  Minor;  Sarah,  wife  of  Oliver  Griffeth;  Alice,  wife  of 
James  K.  Gregg;  Cinthy,  wife  of  Richard  Gwynn;  Lyda,  wife  of 
N.  H.  Biddle,  and  James,  a  farmer.  Mr.  Armstrong  made  farming 
the  business  of  his  life,  met  with  great  success,  and  at  the  time  of 
his  death  was  the  owner  of  a  well-improved  farm  in  Cumberland 
Township,  where  he  died  in  1849.  In  politics  he  was  a  Democrat; 
in  religion  a  Cumberland  Presbyterian,  of  which  church  his  widow 
is  also  a  faithful  member. 

ALFRED  T.  ARMSTRONG,  deceased,  who  was  a  farmer  and 
stock-growler,  was  born  in  Greene  County,  Penn.,  February  1,  1807. 
He  was  a  son  of  William  and  Elizabeth  (Russell)  Armstrong.  His 
mother's  parents  were  of  Scotch-Irish  origin.  Alfred  was  the  oldest 
in  a  family  of  seveii  children;  he  was  reared  in  this  county  and 
attended  the  subscription  schools.     He  engaged  in  farming  as  a  busi- 


604  niSTORY    OF    GREET^E    COUNTY. 

ness,  and  met  with  more  tlian  ordinary  success.  He  was  united  in 
marriage,  February  22,  1837,  with  Miss  Helen  M.,  daughter  of  Jere- 
miah and  Anna  (Alexander)  Davidson.  Mrs.  Armstrong's  father 
was  a  native  of  this  county,  and  her  mother  of  Mercer  County,  Penn. 
They  were  of  English  descent.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Armstrong  had  a 
family  of  ten  children,  of  whom  six  are  living — Russell,  J3arclay, 
Elizabeth,  wife  of  Jesse  Benner;  John,  Neri,  and  Maggie,  wife  of 
William  Elliott.  Mr.  Armstrong  was  a  Democrat,  and  a  devoted 
Presbyterian,  of  which  church  his  widow  is  also  a  zealous  member. 
He  died  in  1878. 

JOSEPH  H.  AKM STRONG,  deceased,  was  a  farmer  and  stock- 
grower.  He  was  born  in  Cumberland  Township,  Greene  County, 
Penn.,  July  25,  1819,  and  died  July  4,  1887,  in  his  sixty-seventh 
year.  His  father,  William  Armstrong,  also  his  grandfather  were 
among  the  earliest  Scotch-Irish  settlers  of  this  county.  They  were 
all  farmers.  Joseph  was  the  sixth  in  the  family,  and  was  reared  on 
the  farm  where  he  died.  IHs  education  was  obtained  in  the  township 
and  the  old  Greene  Academy  at  Carmichaels.  He  was  industrious, 
frugal  and  a  good  ilnancier,  owning  at  the  time  of  his  death  225 
acres  of  well  improved  land.  He  was  united  in  marriage  Novem- 
ber 23,  1843,  with  Mary  A.,  daughter  of  James  and  Mary  (McClel- 
land) Flenniken.  Her  ancestors  were  also  farmers,  and  among  the 
earliest  settlers  of  the  county.  They  wei-e  of  Scotch-Irish  descent. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Armstrong  were  the  parents  of  three  children — Lizzie, 
wife  of  Daniel  Thompson,  of  Uniontown,  Penn,;  Mary  Louisa,  wife 
of  Robert  Denham,  and  William  W.,  who  is  a  farmer  and  has  charge 
of  the  home  place.     In  politics  Mr.  Armstrong  was  a  Democrat. 

NERI  ARMSTRONG,  merchant,  Carmichaels,  Penn.,  was  born 
in  Cumberland  Township,  December  27,  1855.  He  is  a  son  of 
Alfred  and  Helen  M.  (Davidson)  Armstrong,  natives  of  Fayette  and 
Greene  counties  respectively,  and  of  Irish  descent.  Mr.  Armstrong's 
father  was  a  farmer,  and  reared  a  family  of  ten  children,  of  whom 
Neri  is  the  ninth.  He  received  a  common-school  education,  remain- 
ing on  the  farm  Math  his  parents  until  1884,  when  he  went  to  Car- 
michaels to  engage  in  business  for  himself.  He  there  opened  a 
grocery  and  drug  store  which  he  still  retains.  He  is  a  man  of  good 
business  qualificationa',  industrious,  prompt  and  obliging,  has  a  great 
many  friends  and  a  fair  patronage.  In  1876  Mr.  Armstrong  married 
Frances,  daughter  of  I.  L.  Craft.  Mrs.  Armstrong  is  a  native  of 
(ireene  County,  and  of  German  descent.  They  liave  two  children — 
Myrtle  and  Alfred.  Mr.  Armstrong  is  a  Democrat  and  a  member 
of  the  town  council.  He  and  Mrs.  Armstrong  are  prominent 
members  of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 

J.  K.  BAILEY,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born  in  Cumber- 
land Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  August  30,  1814.     He  is  a 


HISTORY    OF    GKEENE    COUNTY.  005 

son  of  William    and  Zillah    (Johnson)    Bailej,  the    oldest  in  their 
family  of  seven  children.     His  parents  were  natives  of  Pennsylvania, 
were   meml)ers  of  the    Society   of  Friends,   and   of  English    origin. 
His  father  was  twice  married,  his  first  wife  being  Miss  Sarah  Miers. 
By  this  marriage  he  was  the  father  of  one  child,  a  danghter,  who  is 
now  the  wife  of  Miller  Haines,  and  resides  in   Columbiana  County, 
Ohio.     J.  K.  Bailey's  sisters  and  brothers   were:  Amanda,  wife  of 
James  Murdock;   Rev.  E.  E.,  now  a  missionary  to  the  Indians;  Euth 
Ann,   wife   of  Samuel    Eea;  William,     Zillah,    the    widow     of   E. 
Eichardson,  and  L.  M.  (deceased).  Mr.  Bailey  was  reared  in  Cumber- 
land Township,  and  has  made  farming  his  business,  in  which  he  has 
met  with  great  success.     In  1835  he  was  married   to  Miss  Delilah, 
daughter   of  John   and    Phoebe   ( ilibbs)   Craft,  who  were  natives  of 
Pennsylvania,  and   of  English    ancestry.     Mrs.   Bailey  was  born  in 
Cumberland  Township,  August  10,  1812.     Her  mother  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Society  of  Friends.     Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bailey's  children  are 
—Zillah,  wife  of  N.  H.  Biddle;  John  Milton;  Pha?l)e,  wife  of  E.  S. 
Long;    W.    Calvin;  Clarinda,   wife   of  Joseph   Hawkins,   Lydia  B., 
wife  of  Corbly  Fordyce;  Almira  is  the  wife  of  John   Einehart,  and 
J.  K.  Jr.     The  family  are  all  members  of  the  Cumberland  Presbyte- 
rian Church,  in  which  Mr.  ]>ailey  has  served  for  many  years  as  elder 
and  Sabbath-school  superintendent.      In  politics  Mr.  Bailey  is  a  Ee- 
publican,  and    has  served   for    twenty-five   years  as  justice    of    the 
peace,  in  which  office  both  his  father  and  grandfather  preceded  him. 
EEV.  E.  E.  BAILEY,  missionary,  was   born  in  Greene  County, 
Penn.,  August  6,   1817,   a  son   of  William   and    Zillah    (Johnson) 
Bailey,  also  natives  of  this  State.     His  parents  were  of  Quaker  ori- 
gin and  of  English  ancestry.     His  father  came  to   Greene  County 
when  he  was  about  nine  years   old  with  his  parents,  Eli  and  Euth 
Bailey,  from  Chester  County,  Penn.;  he  died  at  the  advanced  age  of 
eighty-two  years.     He  was  twice   married,  and  the  Eev.  E.  E.  is  a 
child  of  his  second  wife,  and  grew  up  on  the  farm  with  his  parents, 
receiving  his  early  education  in  a  log  cabin  school-house,  afterwards 
attended  school  aib  Greene  Academy  and  at  Waynesburg,  Penn.     At 
the  age  of  sixteen  he  Joined  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church  in 
Greene  County.     He   was   licensed   to  preach   and  ordained  by  the 
Union    Presbytery  of  the  Cumberland    Presbyterian    Church.      He 
labored  some  in  West  Virginia,  six  miles  west  of  Morgantown,  but 
mostly  in  Fayette  County,  Penn.,  where  he  was  engaged  in  the  min- 
istry for  a  term  of  years.     Having  had  a  desire   for   missionary  work 
he  then  went  West,  where  he  engaged  in  missionary  work  among  the 
Indians,  and  met  with  good   success.     In    1887  he   was   sent  to  his 
present  position  among  the  Cherokee   Indians  by  the  board  of  mis- 
sions of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church.     In  1839  Mr.  Bailey 
was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Mary,  daughter  of  John  and  Mar- 


606  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

garet  (Dowlin)  Rea.  Mrs.  Bailey  is  of  Irish  descent.  They  have 
tive  children — Harvey  M.,  John  F.,  Hannah  J.,  Margaret  E.  and 
"William  R.     Mr.  Bailey  is  a  Prohibitionist. 

JOSEPH  TAYLOR  BAILEY,  fanner  and  stock-grower,  Carmi- 
chaels,  Perm.,  was  born  in  Dnnkard  Township,  Greene  County,  June 
10,  1820,  and  is  a  son  of  Joseph  and  Hannah  (Johnson)  Bailey,  na- 
tives of  Pennsylvania.  His  father,  who  was  a  farnier  and  miller, 
caine  when  a  young  man  to  this  county,  where  he  was  married  and 
reared  a  family  of  six  children.  Of  these  Joseph  Taylor  is  the  young- 
est, and  was  reared  in  Greene  and  Fayette  counties.  Early  in  life  he 
learned  the  miller's  trade  with  his  father,  and  followed  it  for  forty 
years.  He  erected  and  operated  a  grist-mill  for  nearly  twenty-eight 
years.  He  is  a  successful  farmer  and  at  the  present  time  the  owner 
320  acres  of  valuable  land  in  Cumberland  Township.  He  was  mar- 
ried in  Fayette  County,  Penn.,  November  16,  1854:,  to  Miss  Martha 
Jane,  daughter  of  Francis  and  Martha  (Morehouse)  Lee.  Mrs.  Bailey 
is  of  English  descent.  Her  father  was  a  blacksmith  and  farmer.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Bailey  have  two  children — Eli  and  Frances.  In  politics 
Mr.  Bailey  has  ever  been  a  strong  Democrat.  He  and  his  wife  are 
prominent  members  of  the  M.  E.  Church. 

ELLIS  B.  BAILEY,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born  in 
Greene  County,  Penn.,  November  21,  1824,  and  is  a  son  of  Eli  and 
Peria  (Gregg)  Bailey.  Llis  .parents  were  natives  of  Chester  County, 
Penn.,  were  members  of  tlie  Society  of  Friends,  and  of  English  de- 
scent. His  father  was  a  farmer.  Mr.  Bailey's  ancestors  were  among 
the  earliest  settlers  in  Greene  County,  and  often  had  to  flee  to  the 
forts  for  protection.  His  father  died  in  1854,  in  Fayette  County, 
where  he  had  resided  since  1837.  His  family  consisted  of  ten  chil- 
dren, eight  of  whom  grew  to  maturity.  Of  these  Ellis  B.  was  the 
sixth.  He  was  reared  in  Fayette  Count}',  attended  Madison  College 
and  had  entered  the  senior  year,  when  he  left  school  and  commenced 
farming  and  stock-growing.  He  has  made  his  own  way  in  the  world, 
and  is  among  the  wealthiest  men  of  Greene  County,  owning  over 
1,000  acres  of  well  improved  land.  He  is  a  man  possessed  of  more 
than  ordinary  energy,  his  success  in  life  having  l)een  due  largely  to 
his  strong  determination  to  succeed,  coupled  with  a  wdlling  disposi- 
tion to  work.  His  business  life  has  not,  however,  all  been  sunshine. 
He  lost  $23,000  by  the  failure  of  the  Exchange  Bank  of  Waynes- 
burg,  and  $2,000  by  the  destruction  of  his  wool  in  a  big  tire  at 
Boston.  But  every  reverse  in  business  seemed  only  to  make  him 
more  determined,  and  to  add  new  strength  to  his  ambition.  He  has 
devoted  his  time  to  farming,  stock-dealing  and  buying  land,  and  he 
has  dealt  considerably  in  wool.  He  was  never  given  much  to  specu- 
lating; but  gave  his  business  close  attention  and  careful  oversight, 
and  has  succeeded  in   accumulating  a  handsome   fortune.     He   was 


niSTOEY    OF    GKEENE    COUNTY.  607 

married  in  Fayette  Countj,  Pemi.,  March  7, 1850,  to  Ha.rriet,  dauf^h- 
ter  of  John  and  Sarah  (Barton)  Gaddis.  Her  parents  were  Quakers, 
and  of  English  descent.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bailey  have  six  sons  and  two 
daughters — William  H.,  John  E.,  Joseph  E.,  George  E.,  Eli  F., 
liichard  L.,  Sarah  F.,  wife  of  Thomas  H.  Hawkins,  and  Anna  R., 
wMfe  of  George  F.  Luse.  The  two  daughters  and  three  sons  are 
married;  all  are  intelligent  business  men  and  good  citizens.  In  poli- 
tics Mr.  Bailey  has  been  a  "Whig  and  a  Republican.  He  has  serred 
nine  years  as  school  director  in  Cumberland  Township.  All  the 
family  are  members  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  in  which  Mr.  Bailey 
has  been  elder  and  superintendent  of  the  Sabbath-school. 

J.  E.  BAILEY,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born  in  Cumber- 
land Township,  Greene  County,  ]\ray  22,  1858.  He  is  a  son  of  Ellis 
B.  Bailey,  whose  biography  appears  in  this  volume.  He  is  the  fourth 
in  a  family  of  eight  children.  He  received  a  common-school  educa- 
tion, and  also  attended  Greene  Academy  at  Carmichaels,  Pennsylva- 
nia. Mr.  Bailey  married  Miss  Ella,  daughter  of  J.  M.  and  Charlotte 
(Pinehart)  Morris.  They  have  one  child,  Earl,  an  interseting  little 
fellow  of  four  years.  Mrs.  Bailey's  father,  Morris  Morris,  is  a  promi- 
nent farmer  and  stock-grower  of  Greene  Township,  and  one  of  its 
most  influential  citizens.  He  is  an  ardent  Democrat  and  has  taken 
an  active  part  in  the  politics  of  the  county.  Mr.  Bailey  is  a  rep- 
resentative young  man  of  his  township,  is  a  Republican  in  politics, 
and  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 

GEORGE  E.  BAILEY,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  son  of  Ellis 
B.  and  Harriet  (Gaddis)  Bailey,  was  born  in  Cumberland  Township, 
Greene  County,  Penn.,  December  8,  1860.  His  father  is  a  prominent 
farmer,  and  resides  in  this  township.  George  E.  is  the  fifth  in  a 
family  of  eight  children.  After  attending  the  district  school,  he  en- 
tered Greene  Academy  at  Carmichaels,  and  subsequently  attended 
Monongahela  College  at  Jefferson,  Pennsylvania.  He  is  an  indus- 
trious, energetic  young  man,  and  has  made  farming  and  the  raising 
of  fine  stock  a  decided  success.  He  spent  the  summer  of  1883  in 
the  South  and  West,  as  the  general  agent  of  a  large  book  publishing 
establishment  of  Philadelphia.  In  politics  Mr.  Bailey  is  a  Repub- 
lican; and  he  is  a  zealous,  active  member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church, 

W.  H.  BARCLAY,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  Khedive,  Penn., 
was  born  March  6,  1836,  where  he  now  resides  on  a  farm  of  one 
hundred  and  seventy-eight  acres.  He  is  a  son  of  Hugh  and  Phoebe 
(Craft)  Barclay,  the  oldest  of  their  five  children.  His  grandfather, 
Hon.  Hugh  Barclay,  was  of  Scotch-Irish  descent.  He  was  a  repre- 
sentative of  the  Pennsylvania  State  Legislature,  and  during  his  term 
introduced  the  bill  establishing  the  Greene  Academy  at  Carmichaelg, 
Penn.  W.  II.  Barclay's  father  was  a  farmer  all  his  life.  His  family 
consisted  of  five  children,  all  of  whom  are  married.       Mr.  Barclay 


(308     '  itiSTORY    OF    GtREENE    COUNTV. 

was  reared  on  the  farm,  received  his  education  in  Greene  Academy^ 
and  has  made  farming  the  business  of  his  life.  In  1856  he  was  mar- 
ried to  Sarah  E.,  daughter  of  -John  P.  Minor.  She  died  in  1862. 
In  1866  Mr.  Barclay  was  again  united  in  marriage  with  Martha  J., 
daughter  of  Henry  and  Mary  (^McCann)  Arford.  Mr.  and  Mrs,  Bar- 
clay are  the  parents  of  sev^en  cliildren — Sarah  Ellen,  George  P.,  W. 
li.,  Myrtle  Y.,  Phoebe  E.,  JSTorval  L.  and  Harry  S.  Mr.  Barclay  is  a 
Republican,  and  he  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Cumberland 
Presbyterian  Church,  in  which  he  is  a  trustee. 

G.  A.  BARCLAY,  merchant-miller,  was  born  in  Cumberland 
Township,  this  county,  February  25,  1850.  He  is  a  son  of  Hugh  and 
Phoebe  (^Craft)  Barclay,  and  grandson  of  Hon.  Hugh  Barclay.  His 
father  and  grandfather  were  prominent  among  the  early  farmers  of 
the  county.  Mr.  Barclay  is  the  youngest  of  a  family  of  six  children. 
He  was  reared  on  the  farm,  receiving  his  education  in  the  common 
school  and  in  Waynesburg  College.  Early  in  life  he  learned  the 
millers  trade  and  operated  a  mill  for  a  period  of  four  years.  In  1882 
he  engaged  in  the  same  business  at  Carmichaels  where  he  has  met 
with  good  success.  In  1870  Mr.  Barclay  was  united  in  marriage 
with  Rhoda,  daughter  of  Samuel  Kendall,  deceased.  Mrs.  Barclay 
is  a  native  of  this  county.  Her  father  was  a  Baptist  minister. 
To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Barclay  have  been  born  six  children — Ida  L., 
Stephen  H.,  John  F.,  Ettie,  Gertrude  and  Clarence.  Their  mother 
is  a  devoted  member  of  the  Baptist  Church.  Mr.  Barclay  is  a  Re- 
publican in  politics.  He  is  a  school  director  and  member  of  the  town 
council  of  Carmichaels  Borough, 

JAMES  BARNS,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was  born  June  24, 
1790,  and  died  March  12,  1883,  He  was  the  youngest  son  of 
Thomas  and  Sarah  Barns,  who  were  among  the  pioneer  settlers  of 
West  Yirginia,  Tliey  settled  in  the  woods  near  where  the  thriving 
town  of  Fairmont  now  stands.  His  parents  were  among  the  iirst 
Methodists  in  AVest  Yirginia,  his  father  being  a  class  leader  many 
years,  and  his  father's  house  a  preaching  place  for  a  long  time.  At 
the  age  of  iifteen,  Mr.  Barns  left  his  home  to  learn  the  trade  of  a 
millwright,  and  served  an  apprenticeship  of  iive  years.  In  1811  he 
had  an  attack  of  fever,  the  only  sickness  that  ever  caused  him  to  lie 
in  bed  one  day,  during  a  period  of  nearly  ninety-three  years.  He 
was  badly  injured  in  1870,  by  the  ruiming  away  of  a  team  of  horses, 
from  the  effect  of  which  he  was  confined  to  his  room  for  six  weeks. 
On  December  10,  1812,  he  was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Rhoda 
Davidson,  of  Fayette  County,  Penn. — a  worthy  companion  of  a 
worthy  man.  Their  union  was  blessed  with  nine  children,  live  of 
whom  were  living,  also  present  when  he  died.  This  worthy  couple 
were  converted  at  a  camp-meeting  held  in  1819,  near  Browns- 
ville,  Penn,,  and  their  habitation  became  emphatically    a  liouse  of 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  (309 

prayer  as  long  as  they  lived.  In  1824  he  became  dissatisfied  with 
the  government  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  of  which  he  and 
his  companion  were  devoted  members.  He  took  a  deep  interest  in 
the  controversy  that  agitated  tlie  church,  and  culminated  in  the 
organization  of  the  Methodist  Protestant  Church,  and  identified  him- 
self with  the  new  organization  in  1830.  lie  was  elected  as  a  lay 
representative  from  the  Pittsburgh  Annual  Conference  to  the  first 
General  Conference  of  the  Methodist  Protestant  Church,  which  held 
its  session  in  Georgetown,  D.  C,  in  May,  1834.  He  was  also  a 
member  of  the  General  Conference  of  1838,  which  held  its  session  in 
Pittsburgh,  Penn.  In  February,  1868,  God  took  his  beloved  com- 
panion from  him.  Her  loss  was  painfully  felt  by  him  and  his 
children,  though  assured  of  her  future  and  eternal  happiness  in 
heaven.  (3n  March  1,  1870,  he  married  Mrs.  Mary  Lantz,  with 
whom  he  lived  in  the  enjoyment  of  great  domestic  happiness  nntil 
February  12,  1880 — the  date  of  her  death.  Two  years  later,  he  sold 
his  farm  and  the  old  homestead,  in  which  he  had  lived  sixty-seven 
years,  to  his  son-in-law,  Isaac  B.  Patterson,  who  married  his  youngest 
daughter,  Mary  Ellen.  This  was  very  agreeable  to  all  his  children, 
as  it  keeps  in  possession  of  the  family  the  dear  old  homestead  where 
they  were  born  and  raised.  Mr.  Barns  had  a  good  constitution,  and 
he  took  good  care  of  it.  His  habits  were  exemplary;  he  was  strictly 
temperate  and  regular  in  his  manner  of  life.  He  always  cultivated 
a  cheerful  disposition;  lived  in  communion  and  fellowship  with  God; 
was  always  usefully  and  honorably  employed,  and  to  these  things 
owed  his  long  life,  at  the  close  of  which  he  makes  this  note:  "Have 
had  great  enjoyment  all  through  life,  and  also  health.  Have  not 
laid  in  bed  one  day  from  sickness  since  1811."  Thus  after  a  sojourn 
longer  than  that  usually  allotted  to  man,  James  Barns  peacefully 
passed  away;  the  last  of  as  good  a  family  as  Virginia  ever  produced, 
consisting  of  four  brothers — William  Barns,  M.  D. ;  John  S.  Barns, 
Esq.;  Thomas  Barns  and  James  Barns.  There  w^ere  three  sisters — 
Sarah  Willie,  Pha?be  Shinn  and  Mar}'  A.  Thrapp.  These  all  lived 
and  died  in  the  faith,  and  left  behind  them  families  that  revere  their 
memories  and  imitate  their  virtues.  "  Children  of  parents  passed 
into  the  skies." 

ISAAC  T.  BIDDLE,  deceased,  who  was  a  farmer  and  stock- 
grower,  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  in  the  year  1799.  He  was  a  son 
of  Timothy  and  Mary  (^Taylor)  Biddle,  natives  of  New  Jersej'  and 
of  English  and  German  origin.  His  father,  who  was  a  shoemaker  in 
early  life,  came  to  Washington  County,  Penn.,  in  1802,  and  carried 
on  farming  for  twenty-eight  years.  In  1840  I.  T.  Biddle  came  to 
Greene  County  and  bought  a  farm  in  Cumberland  Township,  and 
one  year  later  his  iather,  Timothy  Biddle,  came  to  the  same  farm.  I. 
T.  took  charge  of  the  farm  and   continued  his   father's    business  of 


610  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

farming  and  stock-growing,  devoting  liis  time  principally  to  the 
raising  of  fine  sheep.  He  succeeded  in  accnniulating  a  handsome 
fortune,  but  in  later  .years  met  with  serious  reverses  by  the  failure  of 
three  banks  in  which  he  lost  about  $40,000.  This  proved  a  serious 
disarrangement  in  his  financial  affairs,  but  he  was  a  good  business 
man  and  died  in  fair  circumstances  after  reaching  a  good  old  age.  His 
widow,  whom  he  married  in  Washington  County,  still  survives  him. 
Her  maiden  name  was  Jane  Kerney,  daughter  of  William  and  Eliza- 
beth (Montgomery)  Kerney.  Mrs.  Biddle  was  born  in  Washington 
County,  September  IG,  1804,  and  is  of  Irisli  lineage.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Biddle  had  a  family  of  eleven  children.  Seven  now  living — Eliza, 
wife  of  Edward  Carson;  Mary,  wife  of  Lewis  Jennings;  Morgan,  who 
married  Eunice  Patterson;  Nathan  H.,  married  Zillah  Bailey  and 
lives  on  the  old  homestead;  John,  married  Mary  Barclay;  Amanda, 
wife  of  Dis  South;  and  Edith  F.,  wife  of  Walter  Richey.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Biddle  liave  been  faithful  members  of  the  Cumberland  Presby- 
terian Church,  in  which  he  served  as  elder  for  many  years.  Mrs. 
Biddle  has  property  in  Carmichaels,  where  she  still  resides^an  active 
and  remarkably  w^ell  preserved  woman  for  her  age,  and  loved  and 
respected  by  all  who  know  her. 

N.  H.  BIDDLE,  farmer  and  stock-dealer,  P.  O.  Carmichaels, 
was  born  in  Washington  County,  Penn.,  August  25,  1829.  His 
father  was  Isaac  T.  Biddle,  now  deceased.  His  mother's  maiden 
name  w'as  Jane  Kerney;  she  was  born  in  1804  and  is  still  living. 
Harvey  came  with  his  parents  from  Washington  County  to  Cumber- 
land Township  in  1840,  and  has  made  it  his  home  till  the  present 
time.  He  is  the  fourth  in  a  family  of  eleven  children,  seven  of  whom 
are  living.  He  was  reared  on  a  I'arm  and  has  been  engaged  in  farm- 
ing and  stock-dealing  all  his  life,  owning  at  present  over  seven 
hundred  acres  of  valuable  land  in  Greene  County.  Mr.  Biddle  was 
united  in  marriage,  December  25,  1856,  wath  Zillah,  daughter  of  J. 
K.  Bailey.  Their  family  consists  of  four  sons  and  two  daughters — 
Newton  M.,  Flora,  wife  of  Thomas  Patterson;  William  C,  Bichard 
L.,  Jesse  T.  and  Yirtue  C-  Mr.  and  JMrs.  Biddle  are  zealous  members 
of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church  at  Carmichaels,  Penn.,  in 
which  he  is  one  of  the  elders.  Mr.  Biddle  takes  an  active  interest 
in  the  educational  affairs  of  the  county,  served  as  school  director  for 
twelve  years,  and  has  been  a  member  of  the  board  of  trustees  of 
Waynesburg  College  for  a  number  of  years  and  is  still  a  member. 

SAMUEL  BUNTING. — Among  the  representative  men  of  Cum- 
berland Township  we  mention  Samuel  Bunting,  a  farmer  and  stock- 
grower,  who  was  born  in  Fayette  County.  Penn.,  April  28,  1836. 
He  is  a  son  of  Samuel  and  Nancy  (Butler)  Bunting,  natives  of  Penn- 
sylvania, and  of  German  and  English  origin.  Mr.  Bunting's  father, 
who  has  made  milling  the  business  of  his  life,  has  now  reached  the 


History  of*  greene  couxtV.  6i1 

advanced  a^-e  of  eighty-four  years.  Samuel  was  the  fourth  in  his 
family  of  eleven  children,  and  was  bronght  up  in  Fayette  and  Greene 
counties,  having  lived  in  the  latter  since  he  was  eight  years  old. 
Early  in  life  he  learned  the  miller's  trade  with  his  father,  continued 
in  the  business  until  1885,  and  has  since  been  engaged  in  farming 
where  he  now  resides  near  Carmichaels,  Penn.  He  was  united  in 
marriage  February  22,  1859,  with  Agnes,  oldest  daughter  of  Samuel 
and  Mary  (Cree)  Jtlorner.  Mrs.  Bunting  is  of  English  descent.  Her 
father  was  a  wealthy  miller,  and  also  engaged  somewhat  extensively 
in  farming.  In  politics  Mr.  Bunting  is  a  Prohibitionist.  He  and 
his  wife  are  zealous  and  active  members  of  the  Presbyterian  Church, 
in  which  he  is  an  elder,  and  is  also  serving  as  assistant  superintendent 
of  the  Sabbath-schooL 

S.  S.  JjAYARD,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born  near 
Waynesburg,  Penn.,  December  27,  1839,  and  is  a  son  of  Perry  A. 
and  Nancy  (_Sayers)  Bayard.  His  parents  were  natives  of  Greene 
County,  descendants  of  the  early  pioneers,  and  of  French  and  Eng- 
lish origin.  Mr.  Bayard's  father  was  a  farmer  and  mechanic;  in 
early  life  he  was  a  stone-mason  in  Whiteley  Township.  S.  S.  is  the 
iifth  in  a  family  of  seven  children;  he  was  reared  in  Greene  County, 
attended  the  schools  in  Whiteley  Township,  and  afterwards  entered 
Waynesburg  College.  He  is  a  farmer  by  occupation,  and  owns  200 
acres  of  well  improved  land  where  he  resides  in  Cumberland  Town- 
ship. He  has  about  twenty  acres  of  his  farm  in  choice  fruit  trees. 
In  1866  he  married  Miss  Jane,  daughter  of  W.  T.  E.  Webb,  Esq., 
of  Waynesburg.  Her  mother's  maiden  name  was  Mary  Stull ;  she 
was  of  French  origin  and  a  native  of  Kentucky.  Her  father  was 
born  in  Virginia  and  was  of  English  descent.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bayard 
are  the  parents  of  four  children, -two  of  w^hom  are  living.  In  politics 
Mr.  Bayard  is  a  Republican.  In  1862  he  enlisted  in  Company  K, 
Fifteenth  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Cavalry,  and  w^as  Sergeant  of  the 
company.  He  was  in  several  prominent  engagements  of  the  late 
war — among  others  the  battles  of  Antietam  and  Stone  Kiver,  and 
was  discharged  for  disability  in  1863.  Both  his  grandfathers  were 
in  the  Revolutionary  war.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bayard  are  active  mem- 
bers of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church,  and  both  are  prominent 
teachers  in  the  Sabbath- school. 

JEREMIAH  CLOUD,  retired  miller  and  distiller,  Carmichaels, 
Penn.,  was  born  in  Cumberland  Township,  Greene  County,  Septem- 
ber 3,  1797.  He  is  a  son  of  Joel  and  Susannah  (Carrington)  Cloud, 
being  the  oldest  in  a  family  of  twelve  children.  His  father  was  of 
English-German  descent,  a  native  of  Chester  County,  Penn.,  and  was 
both  a  farmer  and  a  cooper.  His  mother  was  of  Welsh  origin.  He 
received  a  common  school  education,  and  at  an  early  age  learned  the 
hatter's  trade,  which  he  followed  until  he  attained  his  majority.     He 

32 


612  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

was  married  by  Rev.  William  Barley  October  3,  1822,  to  Jane, 
daughter  of  John  and  Sarah  (Wright)  Morgan,  who  were  of  English 
descent.  Three  of  his  seven  children  are  now  living — Thomas,  a 
farmer;  Marion,  a  millwright;  and  Sarah  Ellen,  wife  of  Joseph 
Everly.  At  the  age  of  twenty-one  Mr.  Cloud  engaged  with  his 
father  in  the  distillery  business,  in  which  he  continued  for  a  period 
of  twenty  years.  By  reason  of  the  meagre  facilities  of  that  early 
day,  the  distilling  art  being  then  in  its  most  primitive  state,  they 
could  make  but  slow  progress,  one  barrel  a  day  being  considered  a 
big  day's  work.  A  grist-mill  was  erected  by  him  in  184-6,  which 
for  many  years  was  a  great  convenience  and  benefit  to  the  people  of 
his  neighborhood.  He  retired  from  the  cares  of  an  active  business 
life  at  an  advanced  age.  Mr.  Cloud  is  the  owner  of  203  acres  of 
valuable  farming  land  in  Cumberland  Township,  He  is  a  self-made 
man,  his  success  in  life  being  due  largely  to  his  strong  will  and 
remarkable  energy.  He  has  been  an  enthusiastic  Republican  ever 
since  the  party  was  organized;  and  so  steadfast  was  he  in  the  sup- 
port of  Republican  principles  that  he  was  never  prevailed  upon  but 
once  to  vote  for  a  Democrat.  He  was  an  active  politician,  but 
neither  desired  nor  held  an  office.  His  thorough  knowledge  of 
politics,  however,  made  him  a  very  popular  leader  of  his  party.  Mr. 
Cloud  was  reared  a  Quaker,  and  although  he  never  joined  any  re- 
ligious denomination,  his  sympathies  were  with  the  Society  of 
Friends,  of  whose  doctrines  he  has  ever  been  an  earnest  advocate. 
Mrs.  Cloud,  deceased,  was  a  zealous  member  of  the  Baptist  Church. 
CAPTAIN  HIRAM  H.  CREE,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was 
born  May  21,  1819,  where  he  now  resides  on  the  farm  of  160  acres, 
which  has  been  in  the  j^ossession  of  the  family  since  1785.  He  is  a 
son  of  Hamilton  and  Agnes  (Hughes)  Cree,  natives  of  Pennsylvania, 
which  has  been  the  home  of  the  Crees  for  many  generations.  The 
Captain's  father  was  a  farmer,  who,  in  1848,  died  at  the  age  of 
seventy-eight,  on  the  farm  where  Hiram  H.  now  resides.  His  family 
consisted  of  ten  children.  Hiram,  one  of  the  youngest,  was  reared 
on  the  farm,  and  attended  the  common  school  in  Cumberland  Town- 
ship. He  engaged  in  farming  until  1847,  when  he  went  to  Cin- 
cinnati, Ohio,  and  was  employed  as  salesman  in  a  large  wholesale 
dry-goods  house.  After  five  months  spent  in  that  business,  he  re- 
sumed his  farming  until  1862,  when  he  went  into  the  army,  enlist- 
ing in  Company  A,  One  Hundred  and  Sixty-eighth  Pennsylvania 
Infantry.  When  the  company  was  organized  he  was  unanimously 
elected  its  Captain,  in  which  capacity  he  served  most  faithfully 
throughout  his  term.  He  was  ever  a  gallant  soldier,  highly  esteemed 
by  all  his  company.  In  1864  he  married  Miss  Elizabeth,  daughter 
of  James  S.  Ken-,  and  they  are  the  parents  of  two  children — Ellen 
Agnes  and  Rose  Allena.     In   politics  the  Captain   is  a  Republican, 


HISTORY    OF    GREEISTE    C0T*::7V.  013 

in  religion  a  Methodist,  and  his  wife  is  a  member  of  the  Cumber- 
land Presbyterian  Church. 

JOHN  CKAGO,  a  retired  farmer  of  Cumberland  Township, 
was  born  February  15,  1814,  and  is  a  descendant  of  one  of  the 
pioneer  families  of  Greene  County.  He  is  a  son  of  John  Crago. 
He  owns  330  acres  of  well  improved  land,  where  his  great-grand- 
father settled  and  was  afterwards  killed  by  the  Indians.  The  Cragos 
all  came  of  industrious  and  energetic  ancestors,  and  are  noted  for 
their  morality  and  patriotism;  they  were  represented  in  the  Re- 
volutionary war.  John  Crago,  of  whom  we  now  write,  received  his 
education  in  the  subscription  schools  of  his  township,  where  he  was 
married  in  1840  to  Eleanor,  daughter  of  John  and  Mary  Flenniken, 
both  natives  of  Greene  Countj-,  and  of  Irish  and  English  descent. 
They  have  two  children — Caroline,  wife  of  M.  L.  McMeans;  and 
William  II.,  a  farmer,  who  was  born  in  Cumberland  Township  April 
5,  1843.  He  grew  up  on  the  farm,  attended  the  district  school,  and 
has  made  farming  his  chosen  occupation.  In  1862  Mr.  Crago  en- 
listed in  a  cavalry  company,  which  was  afterwards  consolidated  and 
became  Company  D,  Twenty-second  Pennsylvania  Cavalry.  He  was 
discharged  for  disability  March  22,  1864.  Mr.  Crago  has  been 
blind  for  a  number  of  years;  but  is  possessed  of  such  a  wonderful 
memory  that  he  can  go  all  over  his  farm  and  attend  to  almost  any 
kind  of  work.  He  transacts  his  own  business  affairs,  in  which  he 
has  been  greatly  prospered,  having  at  present  a  competence  sufficient 
to  keep  him  in  comfort  the  rest  of  his  days. 

J.  N.  CPAGO,  teacher  and  carriage  manufacturer,  Carmichaels, 
Penn.,  was  born  in  Cumberland  Township  October  10,  1832.  He 
is  a  son  of  Thomas  and  Cassandra  Crago.  His  ancestors,  who 
were  of  English  descent,  were  among  the  early  pioneers  of  this 
county.  His  father,  who  died  in  1884,  spent  his  life  in  farming. 
Mr.  Crago  is  the  oldest  of  five  children,  all  of  M'liom  were  born 
and  reared  in  Cumberland  township.  He  attended  the  common 
schools  and  Greene  Academy.  He  learned  the  cabinet-maker's 
trade,  serving  the  regular  apprenticeship.  Early  in  life  he  began 
to  teach  school,  and  has  been  identified  with  the  teachers  of  Greene 
County  for  thirty  years.  xVbout  the  close  of  the  war  he  began  the 
manufacture  of  carriages  at  Carmichaels,  and  has  devoted  much  of 
the  time  since  to  that  business,  in  which  he  has  made  a  reputation 
for  good  style  and  fine  workmanship.  In  1861  he  married  Per- 
melia,  daughter  of  William  Spencer.  Mrs.  Crago  is  of  English 
descent.  They  have  a  family  of  five  children — Richard,  Thomas, 
Samuel,  Bertie  and  IMary.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Crago  are  zealous  mem- 
bers of  the  Carmichaels  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Chnrch.  Mr. 
Crago    is    trustee    of    the  church,  and   served  for   many   years    as 


gl4  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

superintendent  of  the  Sabbath-school.  He  is  a  Republican  and  is  a 
member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 

T.  J.  CRAGO,  surveyor  and  school  teacher,  was  born  near  Car- 
michaels,  this  county,  July  16,  1843,  His  ancestors  were  among 
the  pioneer  farmers  of  the  county.  His  parents,  Thomas  and  Cas- 
sandra (Hughes)  Crago,  were  of  Irish  and  English  descent.  His 
father,  who  was  a  farmer  and  teacher,  died  in  1884.  Mr.  Crago  is 
the  fourth  in  a  family  of  five  children.  He  was  reared  in  this  coun- 
ty, attended  Greene  Academy,  and  became  a  teacher  early  in  life, 
in  1862  he  enlisted  in  Company  C,  in  wliat  was  known  as  the  Rin- 
gold  Cavalry,  which  was  consolidated  with  the  Twenty-second  Penn- 
sylvania Cavalry  in  1864,  his  company  then  being  Company  D.  He 
was  in  many  engagements — among  others  the  battles  of  Winchester 
and  Lynchburg.  He  was  discharged  May  28,  1865,  at  the  close  of 
the  war,  and  has  since  taught  school  in  Greene  County,  with  the 
exception  of  two  winters.  He  has  also  engaged  to  some  extent  in 
farming  and  surveying.  Mr.  Crago  was  united  in  marriage  June 
23,  1868,  with  Fannie  J.,  daughter  of  James  "Wright,  and  is  the 
father  of  three  children — Mary,  Albert  and  James.  Mrs.  Crago's 
parents  were  natives  of  Westmoreland  County,  and  of  Irish  and 
Dutch  descent.  She  died  March  26,  1887,  a  faithful  member  of  the 
Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church.  Mr,  Crago  is  also  one  of  the 
leading  members  of  that  denomination.  In  politics  he  is  a  Republi- 
can; he  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  and  commander  of  Post  265 
of  Cumberland  Township. 

THOMAS  J.  CRAGO,  boat  builder,  was  born  in  Cumberland 
Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  June  30,  1847.  He  is  a  son  of 
Joseph  and  Maria  L.  (Thomas)  Crago,  and  grandson  of  Thomas  and 
Priscilla  (Thurman)  Crago,  who  were  of  English  descent.  His 
grandfather  was  a  farmer,  and  one  of  the  early  settlers  of  the  county. 
He  was  the  father  of  fifteen  children,  of  whom  Thomas  Crago's 
father,  Joseph,  was  tlie  youngest.  Joseph  was  born  in  Cumberland 
Township,  August  7,  1811.  He  had  two  older  brothers  in  the  war 
of  1812,  and  his  grandfather,  Archibald  Crago,  was  killed  in  this 
township  by  the  Indians.  Thomas,  the  oldest  in  a  family  of  seven 
children,  received  a  common-school  education,  and  earlj'^  in  life 
engaged  in  the  saw-mill  business.  He  has  also  paid  considerable 
attention  to  boat-building,  havini^  built  a  number  of  boats  and  started 
them  out  from  his  place  of  business.  In  addition  to  his  saw-mill, 
he  owns  a  nice  little  farm  of  thirty-eight  acres,  which  he  has  secured 
through  his  own  industry  and  a  strong  determination  to  succeed.  In 
1866  he  was  united  in  marriage  with  Mary  E.,  daughter  of  John 
Ridge.  They  have  eiofht  children — Amos  A.,  W.  L.,  Lorenzo,  Susan- 
nah, Louella,  Bertha,  Grover  Cleveland   and    Tina   M.     In    politics 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  615 

Mr.  Crago  is  a  Democrat,  and  he  and  wife  are  members  of  the  M.  E. 
Church,  in  which  he  is  a  trustee. 

GEORGE  G.  CROW,  dentist,  Carmichaels,  Penn.,  was  born  in 
Fayette  County,  Penn.,  Jannary  1,  1837.  He  is  a  son  of  Michael 
and  Sarah  (Gant)  Crow,  also  natives  of  Fayette  County,  and  of  Ger- 
man origin.  His  father  was  a  miller  and  farmer.  Dr.  Crow  is  the. 
third  in  a  family  of  thirteen  children,  live  of  whom  reached  maturity. 
He  was  reared  on  the  farm  and  attended  the  common  schools  of 
Fayette  County.  Early  in  life  he  began  the  study  of  dentistr}^  at 
Smithfield,  Penn.  In  1859  he  came  to  Greene  County  and  located 
at  Carmichaels,  where  he  has  practiced  ever  since.  He  has  made  a 
thorough  study  of  his  profession,  and  bears  the  well-deserved  reputa- 
tion of  being  a  hrst-class  dentist.  He  has  many  friends  in  Greene 
County,  and  has  had  several  students  in  dentistry  who  have  since  be- 
come successful  practitioners.  Dr.  Crow  was  the  lirst  dentist  to 
locate  in  Greene  County.  May  1,  1861,  he  married  Sarah,  daughter 
of  Daniel  Darling.  Mrs.  Crow  is  of  English  descent.  They  Wave 
three  children — G.  W.,  Ella  and  Frank.  At  the  breaking  out  of  the 
Rebellion  the  Doctor  promptly  enlisted  in  the  Eighth  Pennsylvania 
Volunteers,  and  was  afterwards  a  member  of  Company  I,  Thirty- 
seventh  Regiment  of  U.  S.  Infantry.  This  company  was  made  up 
of  men  from  Waynesburg  and  Carmichaels.  Dr.  Crow  was  Third 
Sergeant,  and  was  in  eleven  general  engagements',  among  others  the 
battles  of  Malvern  Hill,  Harrison's  Landing,  second  Bull  Run,  An- 
tietam,  Fredericksburg,  the  Wilderness  and  Spottsylvania.  At  the 
close  of  his  term  he  returned  to  Carmichaels,  and  continued  his 
practice  in  dentistry.  He  was  instrumental  in  organizing  the  Dental 
Society  of  Greene  County,  and  served  five  years  as  its  president. 
The  Doctor's  family  are  members  of  the  M.  E.  Church,  in  which  he 
takes  an  active  interest,  being  a  trustee  and  superintendent  of  the 
Sabbath-school.     In  politics  he  is  a  Republican. 

JERRY  DAVIDSON,  owner  and  proprietor  of  the  Davidson 
Hotel,  Carmichaels,  Penn.,  was  born  in  Cumberland  Township,  May 
26,  1834.  His  parents,  Alexander  and  Elizabeth  (Gallaher)  David- 
son, were  natives  of  Fayette  County,  Penn.,  and  of  Irish  descent. 
His  father  was  a  farmer,  and  reared  "^a  family  of  eight  children,  of 
whom  Jerry  is  the  fifth.  He  was  reared  on  the  farm  and  received  a 
common-school  education.  He  followed  farming  as  a  business  until 
1875,  when  he  engaged  in  the  hotel  business  in  Carmichaels.  Mr. 
Davidson  keeps  an  excellent  table,  and  always  has  first-class  horses 
and  carriages  for  the  accon:imodation  of  commercial  travelers  and  the 
traveling  public.  Mr.  Davidson  has  been  twice  married,  first  in 
1856  to  Miss  Selanta  Flenniken.  Of  their  three  children  two  are 
living — J.  Calvin,  a  blacksmith,  and  Frank  F.,  a  tinner.  They  are 
both'married  and  doing  well  in  their  business  at  Carmichaels,  where 


GIG  IIIfeTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

they  reside.  Their  mother  died  in  1872.  Mr.  Davidson's  present 
wife's  maiden  name  was  Harriet  Stone.  She  was  the  widow  of  Ira 
J.  Hatfield.  They  have  two  children — Henry  Alexander  and  George 
S.  Mr.  Davidson  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F,  In  politics  he  is 
a  Democrat,  in  religion  a  Presbyterian.  Mrs,  Davidson  is  a  member 
of  the  Cnmberland  Presbyterian  Church. 

JOHN  M.  DOWLIN,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born  in 
Jefferson  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  October  16, 1855,  and  is 
a  son  of  John  and  Elma  (I]ell)  Dowlin.  His  father,  who  is  a  native 
of  Cumberland  Township,  is  also  a  farmer  and  stock-dealer,  and  re- 
sides in  Jefferson  Township.  He  is  a  Democrat,  and  was  United 
States  Revenue  Collector  for  a  number  of  years.  John  M.  Dowlin's 
grandfather  was  Paul  Dowlin,  a  farmer  of  English  descent.  Mr. 
Dowlin  is  the  only  son  in  a  family  of  six  children.  He  was 
reared  on  the  farm  and  attended  the  common  school.  He  makes  a 
business  of  farming  and  raising  fine  cattle  and  sheep,  and  superin- 
tends the  home  farm,  consisting  of  400  acres  of  most  valuable  land. 
He  was  married  in  Washington  County,  Penn.,  February  1,  1875,  to 
Miss  Rebecca  J.,  daughter  of  Simon  and  Mary  (Reynolds)  IMoredoek. 
Their  children  are — Dessie  L.,  Albert  L.  (deceased),  John,  (lertrude, 
Simon  E.  and  Charles  B.  In  politics  Mr.  Dowlin  is  a  Democrat. 
He  and  Mrs.  Dowlin  are  prominent  members  of  the  Cumberland 
Presbyterian  Church. 

J.  F.  EICIIER,  who  was  born  in  Fayette  County,  Penn.,  Febru- 
ary 2^  1820,  is  a  foundryman  and  manufacturer  and  dealer  in  farm- 
ing implements.  IHs  parents,  Abraham  and  Mary  (Freeman)  Eiclier, 
were  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  and  of  Irish  and  English  descent.  His 
father's  family  consisted  of  twelve  children,  of  whom  Mr.  Eicher  was 
the  ninth.  When  eighteen  years  of  age  he  went  to  Pittsburgh  to 
school.  He  learned  the  moulder's  trade  at  Connellsville,  Penn., 
serving  an  apprenticeship  of  three  years.  He  then  lived  for  seven 
years  at  Uniontown,  Fayette  County,  and  in  1850  came  to  Car- 
michaels,  where  he  has  since  been  engaged  in  his  present  business, 
and  has  met  with  unusual  success.  Mr.  Eicher  was  married  at  Con- 
nellsville, February  14,  1842,  to  Miss  Rosa  A.,  daughter  of  William 
Glendenning.  They  are  the  parents  of  ten  children,  six  of  whom 
are  living,  viz:  George,  Emma,  Wallace  B.,  Robert,  Sarepta  and 
Anna  M.  Mr.  Eicher  has  been  an  ardent  Republican  ever  since  the 
organization  of  the  party.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Eicher  are  faithful  members 
of  the  M.  E.  Church. 

WILLIAM  C.  ELLIOTT,  blacksmith,  was  born  in  Washington 
County,  Penn.,  April  2(3,  1848,  and  is  a  son  of  Samuel  and  Susannah 
(Bane)  Elliott.  His  mother  was  born  in  Yirginia,  and  his  father, 
who  was  a  veterinary  surgeon,  was  a  native  of  Washington  Couiity, 
Penn.     William  C.  is  the  seventh  of  a  family  of  nine  children,     lie 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  617 

was  reared  in  his  native  county,  where  he  owns  a  fine  farm.  He  at- 
tended the  <,n-aded  scliools,  and  early  in  life  learned  the  blacksmith 
trade,  whicli  he  has  followed  ever  since.  In  1882  he  married  Miss 
Margaret  Armstrong,  and  they  have  one  child — Anna  Mary,  Mr. 
Elliott  came  to  Greene  County  in  1883.  In  politics  he  is  a  Demo- 
crat, and  he  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Elliott 
are  leading  members  of  the  Presbyterian  Chnrch. 

WILLIA^M  FLENNIKEX,  farmer  and  stock  grower,  was  born 
March  25,  1808,  on  the  farm  where  he  now  resides  in  Cumberland 
Township.  He  is  a  son  of  John,  and  grandson  of  James  Fleunikeii, 
who  came  from  east  of  the  mountains  to  Greene  County,  and  engaged 
in  farming  in  Cumberland  Townsliip.  "William's  mother's  maiden 
name  was  Mary  McClelland;  her  parents  were  of  the  Scotch-Irish 
descent.  His  father  was  born  in  Cumberland  Township  in  1774,  and 
died  in  1855.  Of  his  nine  children  William  is  the  fourth,  and  was 
reared  on  the  farm  with  his  parents.  lie  attended  subscription  school 
taught  in  one  of  the  old  log  school  houses  of  that  day,  and  afterwards 
engaged  in  farming  as  his  life  work.  He  has  met  with  unusual 
success,  and  now  owns  the  fine  farm  of  140  acres  where  he  resides. 
His  wife  was  Miss  Isabella,  daughter  of  George  C.  and  Isabella  (Mc- 
Clelland) Seaton,  natives  of  Virginia.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Flenniken  have 
four  children — Geo)"ge  C,  a  farmer  in  the  West;  Mary  A.,  William 
F.,  who  is  at  present  on  the  home  farm;  and  Laura  J.,  wife  of  Oscar 
Hartley.  In  politics  Mr.  Flenniken  is  a  Republican;  his  wife  is  a 
faithful  member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 

WILLIAM  FLENNIKEN,  meat  merchant,  who  was  born  in 
Cumberland  Township,  July  30,  1838,  is  a  son  of  John  W.  and 
Hettie  (Wright)  Flenniken.  His  mother  was  born  in  Bucks  County, 
Penn.,  and  his  father  was  a  native  of  Greene  County.  They  were  of 
Scotch-Irish  descent.  Mr.  Flenniken's  ancestors  were  among  the 
early  settlers  of  Pennsylvania,  coming  to  Greene  County  as  early  as 
1767.  His  father  was  a  larmer;  his  family  consisted  of  seven  child- 
ren— four  sons  and  three  daughters.  AVilliam  was  fifth  in  the  family, 
and  was  reared  on  the  farm  in  Greene  County,  where  he  remained 
until  1886.  He  then  came  to  Carmichaels,  where  he  has  since  resided. 
In  1863  he  married  Eliza  A.,  daughter  of  William  and  Achsah 
(Smith)  Hartraan.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Flenniken  are  prominent  members 
of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  in  which  Mr.  Flenniken  has  served  as 
trustee. 

ALFRED  FROST,  deceased,  was  among  the  most  prominent  mer- 
chants of  Greene  County,  and  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  April  5.  1802. 
He  was  a  son  of  William  and  Mary  (Murphey)  Frost,  natives  of 
AVashington  County.  Mr.  Frost  was  reared  on  the  farm  and  attended 
the  common  schools.  He  chose  farming  as  his  vocation;  bnt  after 
his  father's  death  he  was  obliged  to  work  as  a  hired  farm  hand  until 


618  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

lie  accumulated  enoiigli  to  begin  business  for  himself.  By  dint  of 
industry  and  economy  he  succeeded  in  acquiring  a  very  fair  share  of 
this  world's  goods.  In  early  manhood  he  engaged  in  the  mercantile 
business,  and  for  years  owned  a  store  in  Carmichaels.  He  was  united 
in  marriage,  January  23,  1830,  with  Mary,  daughter  of  Henry  and 
Elizabeth  (Stairs)  Sharpnack,  of  German  origin.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Frost 
were  the  parents  of  three  children — Mary  E.,  now  living  in  Car- 
michael's  at  the  old  home;  William  II.  (deceased),  late  of  Kansas 
City,  Missouri,  who  married  Caroline  Fair,  of  Leavenworth  City 
Kansas;  Elizabeth,  who  is  the  wife  of  George  D.  D.  Mustard,  and 
the  mother  of  the  following  children— John,  Mary  S.,  Charles,  AVilliam 
D.,  James  A.  and  George  D.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Frost  were  prominent 
members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

GEORGE  T.  GREGG,  farmer  and  stock  grower,  w^as  born  in 
Cumberland  Township,  Greene  County,  July  12,  1852.  He  is  a  son 
of  Joseph  and  Rebecca  (Minor)  Gregg,  natives  of  this  county,  where 
they  were  married  in  1844.  Mr.  Gregg's  grandfather,  Joseph  Gregg, 
was  born  in  Delaware,  and  was  one  of  the  early  settlers  of  Greene 
County,  Penn.  He  was  a  farmer  and  miller  by  trade.  Mrs.  Gregg's 
ancestors  were  of  English  descent,  and  also  among  the  early  settlers 
of  the  county.  George  T.  Gregg's  father,  also  of  English  descent,  was 
born  in  Greene  Township,  and  was  a  farmer  and  stock  dealer  until  the 
time  of  his  death.  George's  grandfather,  John  R.  Minor,  was  a  soldier 
in  the  war  of  1812.  Mr.  Gregg  is  the  third  in  a  family  of  six  children, 
three  of  whom  are  now  living.  He  was  reared  in  this  county,  attend- 
ing the  common  schools  and  Greene  Academy  at  Carmichaels,  Penn. 
He  was  united  in  marriage,  September  30,  1870,  to  Miss  Pratt, 
daughter  of  James  and  Milly  (Mt.  Joy)  Pratt,  who  were  natives  of 
Fayette  County,  Penn.,  and  of  English  descent.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Gregg 
have  four  children — Flora  B.,  Joseph  Cliarles,  Myrta  Rebecca  and 
Orpha  Ethel.  Their  mother  is  a  faithful  member  of  the  Baptist 
Church.  In  politics  Mr.  Gregg  is  a  Republican.  Financially,  he  has 
been  very  successful,  having  300  acres  of  land  under  his  present 
control,  and  owing  a  fine  farm  of  114  acres  where  he  now  r«sides. 

GENEALOGY  OF  THE  MINOR  FAMILY  IN  AMERICA.— 
The  following  genealogical  record  will  be  of  interest  to  all  the 
Minor  family:  The  first  member  of  the  family  wdio  came  to  America 
was  Thornas_Minorj_who  was  born  in  England  in  1608,  and  came  to 
this  country  in  1630.  In  1634,  he  married  Frances  Palmer.  Clement, 
son  of  Thomas  and  Frances  Minor,  married  Frances  Wiley  in  1662. 
Their  son  William,  who  represents  the  third  generation  of  the  Minor 
family  in  America,  married  Anna  Lyle  in  1691.  Stephen,  son  of 
AVilliara  and  Anna  Minpr,  who  married  Ohalia  Updike,  was  born 
in  1705,  and  was  the  eight  son  of  the  fourth  generation.  Samuel 
Minor  was  the  fourth   son  in  the  fifth  generation.    He  was  married, 


HISTORY    OV    GREENE    COUNTY.  619 

and  luB  oldest  son  was  Abia  Minor.  Abia  was  the  father  of  John  P. 
Minor,  who  married  Ilnldah  McClelland.  Eebecca  is  the  fonrth  of 
nine  children  |_and  is  the  fonrth  of  the  eight  generation.  She  is  the 
wife  of  Josejih  Gregg,  of  Greene  County,  Pennsylvania,  who  is  th6 
father  of  the  subject  of  the  preceeding  sketch. 

WILLIAM  GR(30MS,  retired  blacksmith,  was  born  in  Carmi- 
chaels,  Penn.,  August  14,  1828.  His  parents  were  IJenjamin  and 
Isabella  (Kerr)  Grooms,  natives  of  Maryland  and  Pennsylvania  re- 
spectively, and  of  English  and  Scotch  descent.  His  grandfather, 
William  Grooms,  was  one  of  the  early  settlers  of  Greene  County. 
His  father  was  a  farmer  and  carpenter,  and  had  a  family  of  six  children, 
of  whom  William  is  the  second  of  the  three  living.  He  was  reared 
in  Carmichaels,  attended  tlie  common  schools  and  Greene  Academy, 
and  in  early  life  learned  the  blacksmith  trade,  in  which  he  engaged 
for  a  number  of  years.  In  1846  Mr.  Grooms  married  Malinda,  daugh- 
ter of  Moses  and  Susan  (A^ankirk)  Mcllvaine.  They  have  six  child- 
ren—Susan, wife  of  James  Lincoln;  Elizabeth,  wife  of  George 
Demain;  Arabella,  wife  of  Levi  Taylor;  William  and  B.  F.,  black- 
smiths; and  Eliza  Jane,  a  teacher.  In  politics  Mr.  Grooms  is  a  Pe- 
publican.  In  1861  he  enlisted  in  Company  I,  Eight  Pennsylvania 
Volunteers  and  served  three  years.  He  re-enlisted  in  Company  B, 
Fifty-seventh  Volunteer  Infantiy  and  served  till  the  close  of  the  war. 
He  has  been  road  commissioner,  and  was  postmaster  at  Carmichaels 
for  a  number  of  years.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Grooms  are  members  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  and  he  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  P. 
Post. 

JOSIAII  GWYNN,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  who  was  born 
near  where  he  resides,  October  20,  1812,  is  a  son  of  Joseph  and 
Martha  (Dowlin)  Gwynn.  His  grandparents  on  the  maternal  side 
were  natives  of  Montgomery  County,  Penn.,  and  were  of  AVelsh 
origin.  Mr.  Gwynn's  grandfather,  Joseph  Gwynn,  came  from  Lon- 
don, England,  to  what  is  now  Greene  County,  and  was  among  the 
early  settlers  in  this  part  of  Pennsylvania.  His  grandfather  Gwynn 
came  to  this  county  before  the  Pevolutionary  war,  and  settled  on  the 
farm  which  Josiah  now  occupies.  This  was  then  an  Indian  settlement — 
or  rather,  an  Indian  neighborhood,  and  he  took  what  was  then  called 
"  tomahawk  claim-"  He  left  this  country  with  the  intention  of  re- 
turning to  London,  but  got  no  farther  than  the  Island  of  Cuba,  and 
there  he  engaged  in  a  sugar  plantation,  and  on  his  return  he  found  other 
parties  had  settled  on  two  of  his  claims.  He  served  as  county  com- 
missioner in  what  is  now  Washington  and  Greene  counties.  Josiah 
Gwynn's  father  farmed  on  the  home  place  throughout  his  life.  He 
was  drafted  in  the  war  of  1812,  and  died  in  1864,  at  the  age  of  sev- 
enty-five. Josiah  is  the  oldest  of  a  family  of  eight  children.  He 
attended  school  on  his   own  farm,  in   the  old-fashioned  log  school- 


620  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

house,  whicli  he  has  since  seen  replaced  by  one  of  hewn  logs,  that  by 
a  frame  building,  and  the  frame  ready  to  be  superseded  by  a  sub- 
stantial brick.  Mr.  Gwynn  has  made  farming  the  business  of  his 
life,  and  owns  200  acres  of  the  original  entry  made  by  his  grand- 
father. He  was  married  March  28,  1841,  to  Lydia,  daughter  of 
George  W.  and  Susannah  (Myers)  Phillies.  Mrs.  Gwynn  was  born 
in  Chester  County,  Penn.,  in  1824."~^Her  father  was  a  farmer  and 
butcher,  of  English  descent.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Gwynn  have  eight  chil- 
dren, six  living— Martha  L.,  wife  of  Wilson  Iluston;  Joseph  C, 
George  W.,  E.  E.,  wife  of  Lacy  Craft;  John  E.  and  J.  F.  AH  are 
members  of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church,  in  which  Mr. 
Gwynn  is  elder  and  superintendent  of  the  Sabbath-school.  He  has 
always  been  a  liberal  high-minded  gentleman,  and  highly  respected 
in  the  community. 

J.  F.  GWYNN,  merchant,  who  was  born  in  Cumberland  Town- 
ship,September  2, 1842,is  a  son  of  John  Gwynn.  His  great-grandfather, 
Joseph  Gwynn,  Sr.,  came  from  London,  England,  settled  in  Greene 
County,  and  served  in  the  Revolutionary  war.  Mr.  Gwynn's  father 
was  born  December  25,  1818,  on  the  farm  taken  up  by  Joseph 
Gwynn,  Sr.,  when  he  first  came  to  this  county.  He  was  married  in 
the  fall  of  1840  to  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Jesse  and  Mary  (Wright) 
Rea,  who  were  of  English  descent.  J.  F.  GM'ynn  is  the  elder  of 
two  children.  He  received  his  education  in  Greene  Academy  and 
AVaynesburg  College.  Li  1862  he  enlisted  in  Company  F,  Fifteenth 
Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  but  was  transferred  to  the  U.  S.  Signal  Corps, 
where  he  served  till  the  close  of  the  war.  He  was  in  many  engage- 
ments, among  others,  Stone  River,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge  and 
around  Atlanta,  etc.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he  returned  to  his  native 
town  and  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  in  which  he  lias  met 
with  success.  Mr.  Gwynn  was  united  in  marriage  January  24,  1868, 
with  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  William  Hartman.  They  have  three 
children — William,  John  and  Anna.  Mr.  Gwynn  is  a  Republican. 
He  has  served  as  school  director,  is  a  member  of  tlie  G.  A.  R.,  and 
is  adjutant  of  Carmichaels  Post  265.  He  and  his  wife  are  zealous 
members  of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church. 

WILLIAM  HARTMAN,  born  in  Jefferson,  Greene  County, 
Penn.,  February  14,  1817,  is  a  son  of  Adam  and  Elizabeth  (Stickels) 
Hartman.  His  parents  were  of  German  descent,  his  mother  being  a 
native  of  Pennsylvania  and  his  father  of  Ohio.  His  father's  family 
consisted  of  eigjit  children,  of  whom  William  is  the  fifth.  He  at- 
tended the  schools  of  Greene  County  and  learned  the  cabinet-makers 
trade,  in  connection  with  which  he  has  devoted  considerable  time  to 
contracting  and  building.  He  was  united  in  marriage  November  8, 
1838,  with  Acsah,  daughter  of  Daniel  Smith.  Their  children  are — 
Ann,  wife  of  William "F.  Flenniken;  and  Elizabeth,  wife  of  J.  F: 


IIISTOKY    OF    GKEENE    COUNTY.  621 

(iwjnii.  Mr.  Ilartmaii  is  a  Republican,  and  was  elected  justice  of 
the  peace  in  1858.  He  lias  also  been  a  member  of  the  town  council 
and  buri^ess  of  Carmittliaels.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hartman  are  members 
of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Churcli,  in  which  he  has  been 
superintendent  of  the  Sabbath-school  and  served  as  elder  for  many 
years. 

J.  W.  HATHAWAY,  deceased,  who  was  a  merchant  in  Caruiich- 
aels  for  many  years,  was  born  in  Jetlerson  Township,  this  county.  May 
19,  1821,  and  was  a  son  of  Samuel  and  Elizabeth  (Estel)  Hathaway. 
His  mother  was  born  in  New  Jersey  and  his  father  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  they  were  of  English  and  Dutch  descent.  When  Mr.  Hathaway 
was  onh'  one  year  old  his  father  died,  and  he  w^as  reared  by  his 
grandfather,  Matthias  Estel,  who  sent  him  to  school  and  induced 
him  to  learn  a  trade.  He  chose  tlie  chair-maker's  trade,  served  a 
regular  apprenticeship,  and  worked  at  the  business  for  a  time  at 
Newtown.  There  he  began  business  as  a  clerk  in  a  store  at  the  age 
of  sixteen.  At  nineteen  years  of  age  ho  went  to  Carmichaels  as 
clerk.  He  was  for  many  years  junior  member  in  the  firm  of  Carson 
&  Ilatliaway,  merchants;  afterwards  buying  his  partner's  interest 
he  l)ecame  sole  owner  of  the  large  merchandising  establishment 
there.  He  was  an  energetic,  careful  and  thrifty  manager  of  busi- 
ness, always  exercising  the  keenest  tact  in  his  ventures  and  invest- 
ments, yet  conducting  the  same  with  a  motive  of  honesty  and  fair 
dealing  toward  all,  bearing  the  respect  of  everybody.  Years  ago 
when  Carmicliaels  was  the  business  center  of  Greene  County  Mr. 
Hathaway  — added  to  a  continued  large  retail  trade — did  consider- 
able business  at  wholesale.  He  also  dealt  quite  extensively  in  stock 
and  real  estate,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death  was  the  owner  of  550 
acres  of  valuable  land.  He  was  united  in  marriage  January  1,  1846, 
with  Miss  Ary,  daughter  of  William  and  Keziah  (Wiley)  Anderson, 
who  were  of  Scotch-Irish  descent.  Her  father  was  a  millwright, 
and  she  had  two  brothers  in  the  war  of  1812.  To  Mr,  and  Mrs. 
Hathaway  a  family  of  ten  children  were  born,  six  of  whom,  together 
with  Mrs,  Hathaway,  survive  the  deceased.  The  children  are — 
Charles,  Samuel,  William,  Jacob  and  Lawrence,  of  Carmichaels;  and 
Mrs,  Mary  McUinnis,  of  Lincoln,  111,  Mr,  Hathaway  was  well 
known  and  was  regarded  as  a  man  of  great  business  ability,  sound 
judgment  and  sterling  integrity.  He  had  been  a  member  of  the 
Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church  for  over  forty-five  years,  and  was 
a  rilling  elder  in  that  church  for  thirty-two  years.  He  was  without 
question  a  true  Christian. 

JOSEPH  HAMILTON,  deceased,  was  a  farmer  and  stock- 
grower  and  a  successful  business  man.  He  v^^as  a  self-made  man, 
and  by  reason  of  his  industry,  economy  and  business  ability,  suc- 
ceeded in  accumnlating    a  goodly  share    of   this  world's  possessions. 


622  III«TOKY    OF    GKEENE    COUNTY. 

He  died  in  1871,  leaving  to  his  wife  and  children  over  400  acres  of 
valuable  fanning  land  near  Carmichaels,  Penn.  Mr.  Hamilton  was 
born  in  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  in  1808,  was  a  son  of  Joseph 
Hamilton,  and  was  of  Scotch-Irish  origin.  His  father  was  a 
manufacturer  of  boots  and  shoes.  JVlr.  Hamilton  received 
a  common  school  education;  he  came  to  Greene  County  in 
1859  and  settled  in  Cumberland  Township.  His  wife,  whom  he 
married  in  Fayette  County,  Penn.,  was  Miss  Catharine  Coursin.  Of 
their  eight  children,  seven  are  now  living — William,  E]izal)eth,  wife 
of  liichard  Moffett;  Mary,  Sarah,  Catharine  JS'oali  and  JS'ancy  J. 
Mr.  Hamilton  was  known  throughout  his  life  as  a  staunch  Democrat 
and  a  strict  adherent  of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 

1.  R.  JACKSON,  retired  carpenter  and  contractor,  was  born  in 
Cumberland  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  April  19,  1824.  He 
is  a  son  of  Stephen  and  Hannah  (Miller)  Jackson,  natives  of  this 
county.  His  grandfather,  a  pioneer  farmer,  was  born  in  Maryland. 
Mr.  Jackson,  whose  father  was  a  millwright  and  carpenter,  was  the 
third  in  a  family  of  live  children.  He  learned  the  carpenter  trade, 
in  which  he  engaged  in  Cumberland  Township  for  a  period  of  thirty- 
live  years.  He  was  united  in  marriage  April  12,  1840,  with  Mary 
A.,  daughter  of  B.  M.  and  Martha  (Murdock)  Horner.  Mrs.  Jack- 
son's parents  were  among  the  early  settlers  of  the  county.  Of  the 
seven  children  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jackson,  only  one  survives — 
Emma  C.  The  deceased  are:  James  J.,  Mary  Ann,  Louisa  J.,  Alice 
L.,  Stephen  T.  and  Margaret  A.,  who  was  the  wife  of  William 
Grooms  and  mother  of  two  children,  one  of  which,  James  A.  Grooms, 
is  still  living.  Mr.  Jackson  is  a  Democrat,  Ymd  has  served  as  burgess 
of  Carmichaels  Borough.  He  and  his  \vife  are  devoted  members  of 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  Churcli. 

AVILLIAM  KERR,  manufacturer  of  saddle-trees,  was  born  in 
Washington  County,  Penn.,  September  12,  1803,  and  is  a  son  of 
James  and  Elizabeth  (Boke'^  Kerr,  also  natives  of  AVashington  Coun- 
ty, and  of  Irish  descent.  His  father  was  a  blacksmith,  and  reared  a 
family  of  eight  children.  William  was  the  third  and  received  a 
common  school  education.  He  learned  the  saddle-tree  trade,  and 
has  made  it  the  business  of  his  life,  most  of  which  he  has  spent  in 
Cumberland  Township,  where  he  was  married  in  January,  1824. 
His  wife  was  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  James  Curl.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Kerr  are  the  parents  of  ten  children,  eight  of  whom  are  living. 
They  are:  Mary  A.,  wife  of  Elias  Flenniken,  of  Greensboro,  Penn.; 
Rachel,  wife  of  James  Flenniken;  John  C,  of  Carmichaels;  Lettie 
J.,  wife  of  Thomas  Lucas;  Elizabeth  M.,  wife  of  William  H.  Sharp- 
nack;  Sarah  E.,  wife  of  Thomas  Nutt;  Hiram  A.  and  William  W. 
Mrs.  Kerr   died  August    29,    1874,    a   consistent    member   of  the 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  623 

Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  to  which  Mr.  Kerr  also  belongs,  and 
lias  been  steward  and  class-leader.     In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat. 

JAMES  KERR,  farmer  and  stock-growler,  Carmichaels,  Penn., 
was  born  in  Washington,  Washington  County,  Penn.,  March  31, 
1808,  and  is  a  son  of  Archibald  and  ]\[ary  (Huston)  Kerr,  who  were 
of  Irish  and  English  descent.  His  mother  was  a  native  of  Washing- 
ton County,  and  departed  this  life  in  Greene  County,  Penn.,  in  her 
eighty- seventh  year,  and  his  father,  a  farmer  and  hotel-keeper,  was 
born  in  Ireland  and  died  in  Virginia  in  his  eighty-fourth  year.  He 
had  a  family  of  eight  children,  of  whom  James  was  the  tourth,  and 
was  reared  on  the  farm  in  Cumberland  Township.  He  attended  the 
common  school  and  chose  farming  as  a  business,  working  by  the  day 
and  month  to  get  his  start  in  life.  He  drove  hogs  from  Greene 
County  to  Baltimore  for  twenty-five  cents  and  two  meals  a  day. 
He  has  ever  practiced  the  most  careful  economy  and  strict  integrity 
in  all  his  dealings,  and  is  now  the  owner  of  a  valuable  farm  of  375 
acres.  Mr.  Kerr  was  united  in  marriage  August  29,  1833,  with 
Miss  Ellen,  daughter  of  George  and  IJetsey  (Lowery)  Davis.  Mrs. 
Kerr  was  born  in  Greene  County,  April  1,  1813.  Her  parents  were 
natives  of  Pennsylvania  and  of  German  descent.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kerr 
have  eight  children,  five  living — David,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Captain 
H.  H.  Cree;  Alexander,  Huston  and  Archibald.  The  deceased  are 
George,  James  and  AVillie.  In  politics  Mr.  Kerr  is  a  Democrat. 
He  has  served  as  school  director  in  the  township.  They  are 
prominent  members  of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 

JOHN  C.  KERR,  manufacturer  of  saddle-trees,  was  born  in 
Carmichaels,  Penn.,  December  28,  1832.  He  is  a  son  of  AVilliam 
and  Elizabeth  (Curl)  Kerr,  being  the  third  in  their  family  of  eight 
children.  He  was  reared  in  Greene  County,  and  early  in  life  learned 
his  trade  with  his  father,  who  still  resides  near  Carmichaels,  where 
John  C.  has  worked  for  many  years.  In  1859  Mr.  Kerr  married 
Caroline,  daughter  of  Amos  Horner.  They  were  tlie  parents  of  two 
children — Mnvj  Ellen,  wife  of  John  Bell,  and  Margaret,  wife  of 
John  Mossburof.  Their  mother  died  in  1865.  Mr.  Kerr  M'as  a  second 
time  united  in  marriage,  February  9,  1869,  with  Elizabeth,  daughter 
of  Henry  and  Elizabeth  (Rice)  Sharpnack.  Her  parents  were  of 
Welsh  and  English  descent.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kerr  have  four  children, 
all  boys — William  Henry,  George  S.,  Robert  O.  and  Jesse  F.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Kerr  are  devoted  members  of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian 
Church.  In  politics  Mr.  Kerr  is  a  Republican,  and  has  been  a  mem- 
ber of  the  town  council  of  Carmichaels,  where  he  has  resided  for 
over  twenty-iive  years. 

ARCHIBALD  KERR,  of  the  firm  of  Kerr  Brothers,  furniture 
dealers  and  funeral  directors,  Carmichaels,  Penn., was  born  in  Cumber- 
land Towmship,  September  22,  1851.     He   is   a  son  of  James  and 


624  HISTOEY    OF    GEEENE    COUNTY, 

Eleanor  (Davis)  Kerr,  natives  of  Greene  County,  and  of  Irisli  descent. 
His  father  is  one  of  the  prominent  farmers  of  Cumberland  Township. 
Archibald  is  the  seventh  in  a  family  of  eight  children.  lie  received 
a  common-school  education,  and  early  in  life  learned  the  cabinet- 
maker's trade.  He  worked  by  the  day  and  job  for  eight  years  in 
Virginia  and  Pennsylvania,  and  in  1876  engaged  in  his  present  busi- 
ness at  Garard's  Fort,  Penn.,  where  he  remained  for  two  years.  He 
then  came  to  Carmichaels,  where  he  has  always  had  the  reputation 
of  doing  iirst-class  work.  In  1873  Mr.  Kerr  married  Frances,  daugli- 
ter  of  James  Clawson.  Mrs.  Kerr  is  of  English  descent.  They 
have  a  family  of  five  children — Charles  Edward,  LidaE.,  Jesse,  Alex- 
ander and  Harry.  Mr.  Kerr  is  a  leading  member  of  the  M.  E. 
Church,  and  his  wife  is  a  Cumberland  Presbyterian.  In  politics  Mr. 
Kerr  is  a  Democrat.  He  is  a  member  of  the  town  council,  and  be- 
longs to  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  Lodge  at  Carmichaels,  Penn. 

JSTORVAL  LAIDLEY  was  born  in  Cumberland  Township,  this 
county.  May  4,  1829.  Fie  is  a  son  of  T.  II.  and  Sarah  (1  Barclay) 
Laidley,  being  the  oldest  in  their  family  of  twelve  children.  He  was 
reared  in  Carmichaels,  receiving  his  education  in  the  old  Greene 
Academy.  Early  in  life  he  learned  the  saddler's  trade,  serving  an 
apprenticeship  at  Carmichaels,  where  he  soon  engaged  in  the  busi- 
ness for  himself  and  continued  therein  for  twelve  years.  He  after- 
wards started  a  general  store  in  company  with  his  younger  brother, 
A.  D.  Laidley,  to  whom  he  sold  his  interest  in  1870  and  left  him 
sole  proprietor  of  their  merchandising  establishment. 

J.  B.  LAIDLEY,  physician  and  surgeon,  Carmichaels,  Penn. — 
Among  the  best  known  physicians  in  Greene  County  is  the  gentle- 
man whose  name  heads  this  sketch.  He  is  a  son  of  Dr.  Thomas  III 
and  Sarah  (Barclay)  Laidley,  and  was  born  in  Carmichaels,  August 
21,  1830.  The  Doctor's  father  was  also  a  prominent  physician,  and 
practiced  in  Carmichaels  and  vicinity  for  over  half  a  century.  His 
grandfather,  Tliomas  Laidley,  was  a  soldier  in  the  Revolutionary 
war,  and  his  maternal  grandfather,  Hon.  Hugh  Barclay,  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Pennsylvania  State  Legislature  in  1804.  The  Doctor  is 
the  second  in  a  family  of  twelve  children,  ten  of  wdiom  are  now 
living.  Fie  received  his  education  at  Greene  Academy,  and  subse- 
quently studied  medicine  at  the  medical  department  of  the  University 
of  Wooster,  at  Cleveland,  Ohio,  where  he  graduated  March  1,  1856. 
He  then  returned  to  Carmichaels,  where  he  has  practiced  continuously 
except  during  a  part  of  the  years  1861-'62,  when  he  served  as  Sur- 
geon of  the  Eighty-fifth  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers.  In 
1859  he  was  united  m  marriage  with  Mary  E.,  daughter  of  William 
Galbraith,  who  was  for  many  years  a  prominent  physician  of  Jelfer- 
son,  in  this  county,  where  Mrs.  Laidley  was  l)orn.  They  have  tlireo 
living  children — -William  Gall)rait]i,  Edmund  Wirt  and  Jolin  Ct)llier. 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  625 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  Laidley  are  members  of  the  M.  E.  Churcli,  in  wliich  he 
has  been  an  official  member  since  he  united  wath  the  church.  He 
has  been  school  director  for  thirty  years,  and  has  been  known  as  a 
friend  ef  education.  He  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R,  Post  No. 
265,  of  Carmichaels,  Penn. 

HON.  T.  H.  LAIDLEY  was  born  in  Carmichaels,  Penn.  He  is 
a  son  of  Dr.  T.  LL  Laidley,  who  was  among  the  most  prominent 
physicians  of  Greene  County.  Mr,  Laidley  was  the  seventh  in  a 
family  of  eleven  children.  He  was  reared  in  Carmichaels,  attendin*^ 
the  Greene  Academy.  He  learned  the  trade  of  a  tiimer  and  followed 
it  as  an  occupation  for  eight  years.  He  subsequently  clerked  on  a 
boat  on  the  Monongahela  River  for  a  period  of  eight  years.  He 
married  Sarah  W.,  daughter  of  John  W.  Fleimiken.  Her  father  was 
a  descendant  of  the  early  pioneers  of  this  county.  Mr.  Laidley  is  the 
father  of  three  children — Hettie,  Thomas  H.,  Jr.,  and  Albert.  Mr. 
Laidley  is  a  Democrat,  and  has  taken  considerable  interest  in  the 
politics  of  his  count3\  He  served  as  county  auditor  for  several 
terms.  He  also  represented  his  county  in  the  State  Legislature  two 
terms,  at  the  close  of  which  he  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business. 
He  is  a  Presbyterian,  of  which  church  his  deceased  wife  was  also  a 
member.     She  died  in  1885. 

R.  S.  LONG,  stock  dealer,  farmer  and  stock  grower. — The  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  was  born  in  Greene  County,  Penn.,  October  24, 
1835.  He  is  a  son  of  Jerry  and  Lucretia  (Stepliens)  Long,  who 
were  natives  of  this  county  and  of  English  origin.  His  father  was 
reared  on  a  farm  where  he  spent  the  early  part  of  his  life.  He  after- 
wards made  a  specialty  of  stock-growing,  in  which  he  dealt  quite 
extensively  in  the  West,  and  succeeded  in  accumulating  a  handsome 
fortune,  being  at  the  time  of  his  death,  in  1803,  the  owner  of  1,300 
acres  of  well -improved  land  in  Greene  County,  and  extensive  stock 
interests  in  the  West.  He  was  married  in  his  native  county,  and  all 
of  his  six  children  were  born  in  Cumberland  Township.  They  are 
as  follows;  Milton,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Corbly  Garard;  Mary,  li.  S., 
W.  S.,  Sarah  A.,  wife  of  James  Stephens,  and  Nancy  V.,  wife  of 
Wallace  Eicher.  Richard  was  reared  on  the  farm  and  attended  the 
common  school.  In  business  he  has  very  closely  followed  the  ex- 
ample of  his  father,  and  has  met  with  about  the  same  success.  At 
the  age  of  twenty-two  he  went  west  and  engaged  in  buying  stock,  of 
whicli  he  made  heavy  shipments  from  Iowa  to  Chicago.  He  deals 
principally  in  sheep  and  cattle,  and  of  the  latter  owns  at  present 
900  head,  in  company  with  others  in  the  West.  His  home  farm  con- 
sists of  261  acres  of  land,  well  stocked  and  improved.  He  was  mar- 
ried, December  4,  1861,  to  Miss  Pha3be  C,  daughter  of  J.  K.  Bailey, 
and  they  are  the  parents  of  three  children — J.  C,  D.  Annie  Laurie 
and  Lucretia  Y.  Nellie.     In  politics  Mr.  Long  is  a  Republican,  and 


626  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

he  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church,  in 
which  he  is  one  of  the  leading  officers. 

MILTON  LONG,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  P.  O.  Khedive,  was 
born  in  Cumberland  Township,  January  29,  1838.  He  is  a  son  of 
Jerry  and  Lucretia  (Stephens)  Long,  also  natives  of  this  county.  He 
comes  of  a  long  line  of  farmers,  of  whom  his  father  was  one  of  the 
most  prominent,  and  also  eminently  successful  as  a  cattle-dealer  in 
the  West.  Mr.  Long  is  the  third  in  a  family  of  si»x;  children;  he 
attended  the  common  school  of  his  district,  remaining  on  the  farm 
until  1861,  ^'hen  he  enlisted  in  Company  F,  First  Pennsylvania  Cav- 
alry and  served  his  country  three  years.  He  passed  through  the  en- 
gagements of  Gettysburg  and  Fredericksburg,  and  was  also  in  the 
battle  of  the  Wilderness.  Wlien  he  came  home^from  the  army  he  went 
to  Page  County,  Iowa,  and  engaged  in  buying  and  shipping  stock  to 
Chicago,  Illinois.  After  remaining  there  for  a  period  of  eight  years,  he 
returned  to  Cumberland  Township,  where  he  has  since  been  engaged 
in  his  present  occupation,  and  owns  330  acres  of  well  improved  land. 
In  1872  he  married  Mary  E.,  daughter  of  Robert  McClelland,  who 
died  in  1859.  Her  mother's  maiden  name  was  Elizabeth  Weaver; 
she  was  of  German  and  English  descent.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Long  have 
one  child — Mabel.  In  politics  Mr.  Long  is  a  Republican,  he  is  a 
member  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  and  he  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the 
Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church. 

JAMES  MURDOCK,  retired  tailor,  was  born  in  Cumberland 
Township,  this  county,  August  3,  1811,  and  is  a  son  of  Charles  and 
Ann  (Campbell)  Murdock.  Mr.  Murdock's  grandfather  was  one  of 
the  earliest  settlers  of  Greene  County,  coming  here  among  the  In- 
dians. His  mother  was  born  in  Ireland.  His  father,  who  was  of 
Scotch  origin,  was  born  in  Greene  County,  Penn.,  in  1789.  His 
family  consisted  of  eight  children — six  sons  and  two  daughters,  of 
whom  James  was  the  oldest.  He  was  united  in  marriao^e  in  1838 
with  Amanda,  daughter  of  William  Bailey.  Mrs.  Murdock  was 
born  in  this  county  in  1816,  and  is  of  English  descent.  To  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Murdock  were  born  six  children — Zillah,  Anna  E.,  William  M., 
Mary  (deceased),  Ellis  B.  and  Ellen.  Mr.  Murdock  is  a  Republican. 
He  has  been  school  director,  was  for  two  years  burgess  of  Car- 
michaels,  and  served  as  justice  of  the  peace  for  a  period  of  ten  years. 
Both  are  faithful  members  of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church, 
They  are  among  the  oldest  and  most  highly  respected  citizens  of 
Carmichaels. 

WILLIAM  M.  MURDOCK,  merchant-tailor,  was  born  in  Car- 
michaels, August  28,  1844,  and  is  a  son  of  James  and  Amanda 
(Bailey)  Murdock,  natives  of  Greene  County.  Mr.  Murdock  is  the 
third  of  a  family  of  six  children.  He  was  reared  in  Carmichaels  and 
learned  the  tailor's  trade  with  his  father.      His  first  work  was  for  the 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  Q21 


Government.  In  1862,  when  eighteen  years  of  age,  he  enlisted  as  a 
soldier  in  Company  K,  Fifteenth  Pennsylvania  V^olunteer  Cavalry, 
and  served  until  1865.  He  was  at  the  battle  of  Stone  River  and  in 
several  other  engagements  and  skirmishes.  At  the  close  of  the  war 
he  came  home  and  worked  at  his  trade  with  his  father.  In  1870  he 
engaged  with  liis  brother  in  the  merchant  tailoring  business,  in 
which  they  have  continued  quite  successfully  ever  since.  In  1866 
he  married  Emma,  daughter  of  William  and  Mary  (Williams)  Arm- 
strong. They  have  four  children — Augustus  L.,  Mary,  wife  of  F. 
Davidson;  Louise  and  Lottie.  Mr.  Murdock  is  a  member  of  the 
G.  A.  R.  Post;  and  both  are  leading  members  in  the  Cumberland 
Presbyterian  Church. 

SIMON  MOREDOCK,  retired  farmer  and  stock-grower,  born 
in  Jefferson  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  is  a  son  of  George 
and  Priscilla  (Anderson)  Moredock.  His  grandfatlier,  James  Ander- 
son, was  of  Irish  descent.  Mr.  Moredock's  father,  who  was  a 
farmer,  had  a  family  of  twelve  children,  ten  of  whom  grew  to 
maturity.  Simon  is  the  fourth  child,  was  reared  in  Jefferson  Town- 
ship, and  received  his  education  in  the  old  stone  school-house  of 
the  district.  Early  in  life  he  engaged  in  the  distillery  business 
which  he  followed  for  ten  years.  He  then  bought  a  farm  and  has 
since  devoted  hiinself  wholly  to  agricultural  pursuits.  In  1848  he 
was  united  in  marriage  with  Mary  J.,  daughter  of  John  and  Jane 
(Kincaid)  Reynolds,  who  were  of  Welsh  and  Dutch  descent.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Moredock  have  six  children — Sarah,  wife  of  B.  Sharpnack; 
George  W.,  M.  A.,  Rebecca  J.,  Daniel  and  Minerva.  Mr.  Moredock 
is  a  Democrat;  and  both  are  members  of  the  Cumberland  Presby- 
terian Church,  in  which  he  has  served  as  elder. 

REY.  JOHN  MoCLINTOCK,  pastor  of  the  New  Providence 
Presbyterian  Church,  in  Cumberland  Township,  Greene  County, 
Penn.,  was  born  in  Washington,  Penn.,  November  10,  1808,  and 
is  a  son  of  William  and  Mary  (McGowanj  McClintock.  His  mother 
was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania  and  of  Scotch-Irish  descent.  His 
fatlier  was  born  in  County  Donegal,  Ireland;  but  when  quite  a  young 
man,  came  with  his  two  brothers,  to  America  and  settled  in  Wash- 
ington, Penn.,  where  they  spent  the  rest  of  their  lives,  all  dying 
within  nine  months.  Mr.  McClintock  is  one  of  five  children.  He 
received  his  early  education  in  the  subscription  school;  then  learned 
the  weaver's  trade,  serving  a  regular  apprenticeship  of  live  years. 
When  he  reached  his  majority  he  entered  Washington  College,  Penn., 
and  graduated  in  the  regular  classical  course  with  the  class  of  1836, 
Having  chosen  the  ministrj'  as  his  profession,  he  subsequently 
entered  the  Western  Theological  Seminary,  at  Allegheny,  Penn.,  and 
was  licensed  to  preach  in  April,  1837.  He  seized  every  opportunity 
of  preparing  himself  for  the  high  calling  which    he  had  chosen,  and 


33 


628  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

accepted  as  his  first  -vrork  tlie  cause  of  missions,  the  field  being 
Smyrna,  in  Asia.  In  July,  1839,  he  came  to  Greene  County  and 
accepted  his  present  charge,  in  which  capacity  he  still  continues,  hav- 
ing outlived  all  but  three  members  of  his  original  congregation.  By 
reason  of  his  most  earnest,  efficient  work,  Kev,  McClintock's  is 
among  the  largest  congregations  in  Greene  Count}'.  He  has  also 
been  instrumental  in  doing  great  good  outside  of  his  own  church, 
having  baptized  261  persons  and  performed  207  marriage  ceremonies. 
He  was  married,  in  Washington,  Penn.,  April  17,  1834,  to  Miss 
Mary,  daughter  of  James  and  Margaret  (Hawkins)  Orr.  Mrs.  Mc- 
Clintock  was  also  a  native  of  Washington,  Penn.,  born  December 
11,  1803,  and  of  Scotch-Irish  descent.  Her  grandparents  came  from 
Ireland;  her  father  was  a  magistrate  for  many  years,  and  among  the 
prominent  men  of  Washington  County,  where  he  settled  in  1800. 
Mrs.  McClintock  is  a  lady  of  great  piety  and  motherly  kindness,  and 
is  most  highly  respected  by  those  who  know  her  best.  Few  have  as 
many  friends  as  this  aged  couple  who  have  worked  side  by  side  in 
the  vineyard  of  the  Lord  for  more  than  fifty  years.  Their  union  has 
l)een  blessed  with  six  children — ^Margaret  E.,  Mary,  John  C,  a  min- 
ister; and  Ann,  living;  and  James  and  William,  deceased.  Their 
family  is  highly  respected,  and  they  have  a  prosperous,  happy  home 
near  Carmichaels,  Penn.,  where  they  now  reside. 

KEV.  DR.  JOHN  McMILLAN  was  born  at  Fagg's  Manor, 
Chester  County,  Penn.,  j^ovember  11,  1752.  His  parents,  William 
and  Margaret  (Rea)  McMillan,  emigrated  to  America  in  1712.  They 
were  Scotch-Irish,  and  devout  Presbyterians.  They  had  eighteen 
childi-en.  Their  three  sons  who  attained  maturity  were  Thomas, 
William,  and  John,  the  youngest,  whose  name  heads  this  sketch. 
It  was  his  father's  wish  that  John  should  be  a  minister  of  the  gospel. 
He  received  a  classical  education  at  Princeton  College,  was  first 
licensed  to  preach  October  26,  1774,  and  was  among  the  pioneer 
preachers  of  Washington  and  Greene  counties.  He  was  a  strong 
man,  and  engaged  in  physical  as  well  as  mental  labor.  Early  in  life 
he  formed  the  habit  of  writing  and  committing  all  his  sermons.  He 
was  alM'ays  greatly  interested  in  liis  work,  and  has  given  account  of 
revival  meetings  in  which  he  frequently  labored  through  a  whole 
night.  Soon  after  the  Revolutionary  war,  about  the  year  1778,  he 
removed  with  his  family  to  Washington  County,  Penn.,  where  he 
was  the  founder  of  Jefterson  College,  now  known  as  Washington  and 
Jefierson  College,  and  was  president  of  the  institution  at  the  time  of 
his  death.  He  was  married  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Carmichaels,  August 
6,  1777,  to  Miss  Catharine,  daughter  of  William  Brown,  Seven 
children  were  l)orn  to  them,  viz:  AVilliam,  John,  Samuel,  Jane,  Mar- 
garet, Mary  and  Catharine.  Jane,  the  oldest  daughter,  was  twice 
married,  her  first  husband  being  the  Rev,  Mr.  Morehead.     She  was 


MISTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  629 

afterwards  united  in  marriage  with  Samuel  Harper,  a  merchant  and 
farmer,  who  was  born  and  raised  near  Philadelphia.  He  spent  most 
of  his  business  life  in  Greene  County,  Penn.,  and  was  one  of  its 
most  prominent  citizens.  He  was  an  elder  in  the  Presbyterian  Church 
for  many  years,  and  served  one  term  as  sheriff  of  the  county.  Samuel 
Harper  was  twice  married  and  had  ten  children,  the  yoiiui^est  of 
whom  is  H.  Harper,  now  a  prominent  citizen  of  Carmichaels,  Penn. 
He  was  born  in  Cumberland  Township,  this  county,  September  29, 
1819,  was  reared  on  the  farm  and  attended  school  at  Greene  Academy, 
but  devoted  himself  principally  to  farming,  and  met  with  great  suc- 
cess. In  1862  Mr.  Harper  married  Pebecca  M.,  daugliter  of  AVill- 
iam  and  Rebecca  (Norris)  Johnson.  Her  parents  were  natives  of 
Chester  County,  Penn.,  and  of  English  descent.  They  were  mem- 
bers of  the  Society  of  Friends.  Mr.  Harper  is  Pepublican  in  poli- 
tics. He  and  Mrs.  Harper  are  prominent  members  of  the  M.  E. 
Church.  Having  retired  from  the  more  active  duties  of  life,  they 
now  reside  in  Carmichaels,  where  they  have  a  neat,  substantial  resi- 
dence. Mr.  Harper's  brotlier,  John  McMillan  Harper,  was  born  in 
1812,  in  Greene  County,  where  he  grew  to  manhood.  He  was  edu- 
cated at  Greene  Academy.  His  vocation  was  that  of  farming,  for 
which  he  seemed  especially  adapted,  being  a  powerful  man,  six  feet 
and  two  inches  in  height,  always  strong  and  robust  and  in  the  enjoy- 
inent  of  excellent  health.  He  was  married  in  Jefferson  Township, 
this  county,  to  Miss  Isabella  Hughes,  and  they  had  one  child,  Mar- 
garet Jane,  who  is  the  wife  of  E.  C.  Stone,  of  Brownsville,  Penn. 
During  the  late  war  Mrs.  Stone's  father,  John  Harper,  raised  a  com- 
pany of  cavalry,  of  which  he  was  soon  elected  Major,  but  by  some 
means  was  defrauded  out  of  his  command.  While  at  home,  buying 
horses  for  the  regiment,  at  which  time  he  succeeded  in  getting  600, 
another  was  installed  Major  in  his  place.  He  then  resigned  and  re- 
turned home,  spending  the  remainder  of  his  life  on  the  farm,  where 
he  died  in  1878,  honored  and  respected  by  all  who  knew  him. 

PROF.  W.  M.  NICKESON,  principal  of  the  Carmichaels  High 
School,  was  born  in  Washington,  Washington  County,  Penn.,  August 
28,  1839.  His  parents,  Solomon  and  Phcebe  (Watson)  Nickeson, 
were  also  natives  of  Washington  County,  and  of  Scotch  and  German 
origin.  His  father,  who  is  a  farmer  and  stock-grower,  worked  at  the 
cooper's  trade  in  early  life.  The  Professor  is  a  member  of  a  family 
of  thirteen  children — five  girls  and  eight  boys.  He  was  with  his 
parents  on  the  farm  until  eighteen  years  of  age,  and  attended  the 
public  schools  of  Washington  County.  He  subsequently  entered 
Waynesburg  College,  where  he  completed  the  regular  course  of 
study  and  afterwards  received  the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts.  After 
teaching  in  Greene  and  Washington  counties  for  ten  years,  he  re- 
turned to  Washington,  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in 


630  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

18G7.  He  resumed  his  teaching,  however,  and  had  been  engaged 
therein  for  twenty-four  years,  when  he  was  elected  superintendent  of 
scliools  in  Greene  County  in  1881,  and  served  a  term  of  three  years. 
Since  then  he  lias  been  principal  of  the  schools  of  Carmichaels, 
making  in  all  thirty-one  years  that  he  has  been  connected  with  the 
schools  of  this  and  Washington  counties.  In  1866  Mr.  Nickeson 
married  Anna  S.,  daughter  of  William  Gass,  who  is  of  Irish  and 
German  descent,  and  a  resident  of  Clarksville,  Penn.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Nickeson  have  two  children — Frances  M.  and  William  Edmon.  Mr. 
Nickeson  has  served  as  burgess  of  Carmichaels,  also  as  justice  of  the 
peace  for  one  term.  He  is  a  prominent  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F., 
and  he  and  wife  are  active  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  in  which  he  is  trustee,  and  superintendent  of  the  Sabbath- 
school. 

I.  B.  PATTEESON,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  P.  O.  Carmichaels, 
Penn.,  was  born  on  Ruff's  Creek,  in  Greene  County,  September  28, 
1834.  His  parents,  Thomas  and  Dorcas  (Bell)  Patterson,  were 
natives  of  Pennsylvania.  His  father  was  a  farmer  and  drover,  and 
often  sold  stock  in  the  Baltimore  market  on  commission  for  the  citi- 
zens of  Greene  County.  He  was  the  father  of  eight  children,  of 
whom  I.  B.  is  next  to  the  youngest.  He  was  educated  in  the  com- 
mon schools  of  the  county,  chose  farming  and  stock-growing  for  liis 
business,  and  owns  355  acres  of  valuable  land  in  the  county.  In 
1858  he  married  Mary  E.,  daughter  of  James  Barns,  whose  portrait 
appears  in  this  volume.  It  is  said  that  Mr.  Barns  brouglit  the  first 
steam  engine  into  Greene  County,  and  was  also  founder  of  its  first 
woolen-mill.  He  departed  this  life  in  1883,  at  the  advanced  age  of 
ninety-three  years.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Patterson  are  the  parents  of  seven 
children — William  B.,  Thomas,  James  L.,  Isaac  'N.,  John  L.,  Minnie 
and  Franklin  M.  Mr.  Patterson  is  a  Democrat,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Pat- 
terson are  prominent  members  of  the  Carmichaels  Cumberland  Pres- 
byterian Church,  in  which  they  have  ever  been  faithful,  earnest 
workers. 

J.  G,  PATTERSON  was  born  in  Franklin  Township,  Fayette 
County,  Penn,,  August  23,  1830.  He  is  a  son  of  James  and  Jane 
(Smith)  Patterson,  who  were  born  near  Philadelphia,  and  of  Scotch- 
Irish  descent.  Mr,  Patterson's  father  was  a  farmer,  his  family  con- 
sisting of  nine  children,  of  whom  J,  G,  is  the  seventh.  He  was 
reared  in  Fayette  County,  Penn.,  attending  Madison  College  at  Union- 
town,  and  Greene  Academy  at  Carmichaels,  Penn.  He  studied  medi- 
cine with  Dr.  W.  L,  Lafferty,  of  Brownsville,  Penn.,  and  practiced 
one  year  at  Havana,  Mason  County,  Illinois,  He  then  engaged  in 
the  drug  business  in  Pittsburgh,  Penn,,  for  a  period  of  eleven  years. 
In  1854  he  married  Miss  Nancy  J.,  daughter  of  John  McAllister, 
and  the}"  are  the  parents  of  two  children — Julian  S,,  who  is  a  physi- 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  H31 

cian  at  Carlisle,  Peun.,  and  Anna,  wife  of  George  L.  Denney,  of 
Fayette  County,  Penn.  In  1862  Mr.  Patterson  enlisted  in  tlie  One 
Hundred  and  Sixty-eighth  Pennsylvania  Yolunteer  Infantry.  When 
the  company  was  organized  he  was  elected  First  Lieutenant.  In 
1863  he  resigned  on  account  of  ill-health,  returned  to  Greene  County 
and  engaged  in  the  oil  business,  and  subsequently  in  mechanical  pur- 
suits. In  politics  Mr.  Patterson  is  a  Democrat,  in  religion  a  Presby- 
terian.    His  wife  is  a  devoted  member  of  the  M.  E.  Church. 

J.  H.  PEA,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  P.  O.  Carinichaels,  was 
born  in  Cumberland  Township,  August  26,  1831,  and  is  a  son  of  John 
and  Margaret  (Dowlin)  Pea,  who  were  of  Scotch-Irish  descent.  His 
mother  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  and  his  father,  who  was  a 
blacksmith,  was  born  in  New  Jersey  and  came  to  Greene  County  in 
1803,  and  died  November  25,  1847.  Of  their  ten  children,  nine 
grew  to  maturity,  the  youngest  of  whom  is  the  subject  of  this  sketch. 
He  has  lived  all  his  life  on  a  farm,  with  the  exception  of  twp  years 
spent  in  the  army.  He  owns  the  farm  of  106  acres  where  he  now 
resides.  He  was  united  in  marriage,  August  26,  1852,  with  Miss 
Orpha,  daughter  of  Benjamin  and  Mary  (Long)  Worthington.  Mrs. 
Pea  is  of  English  origin.  Their  family  consists  of  seven  children — 
Calvin  P.,  Margaret  Alice,  wife  of  James  Craig;  Frank  L.,  a  stock- 
dealer  in  the  AVest;  Mary  M.,  Walter  G.,  Anna  V.  and  John  Linn. 
They  are  all  members  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  in  which  Mr.  Pea 
has  been  elder,  trustee,  and  superintendent  of  the  Sabbath-school. 
Mr.  Pea  takes  a  great  interest  in  educational  matters,  has  served  as 
school  director,  and  hlled  most  of  the  important  offices  of  his  town- 
ship. In  1861  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  Company  F,  First  Penn- 
sylvania Cavalry.  At  the  regular  organization  of  this  company  at 
Harrisburgh,  August  17,  1861,  he  w'as  elected  Captain,  and  was  pro- 
moted to  the  office  of  Major,  November  14,  of  the  same  year.  He 
was  discharged  for  disability,  January  12,  1863,  and  was  carried 
home  on  a  stretcher,  in  wiiat  was  then  thought  to  be  a  dying  condi- 
tion.    He  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  Post. 

SxlMUEL  W.  PEA,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  Carmichaels, 
Penn.,  was  born  in  the  township  where  he  resides,  February  2,  1829. 
He  is  a  son  of  Jesse  and  Mary  (Wright)  Pea,  natives  of  Mont- 
gomery County,  Penn.  His  parents  were  of  Scotch-Irish  origin, 
and  came  to  Greene  County  in  May,  1828,  where  Mr.  Pea,  who  was 
a  farmer  all  his  life,  died  in  1870.  Samuel  W.  was  the  only  son  in 
a  family  of  four  children.  He  was  with  his  parents  on  the  farm 
until  he  attained  his  majority,  and  attended  the  district  school  in  the 
township  and  Greene  Academy  at  Carmichaels.  He  has  devoted  his 
time  to  farming  and  the  growing  of  fine  stock,  and  has  met  with  more 
than  average  success.  He  owns  a  fine  farm  of  360  acres  in  Cumber- 
land Township.     Mr.   Pea  was  united  in  marriage,  in  1848,  to  Miss 


(332  HISTORY    OF    GKEENE    COUNTY. 

Ruth  Ann,  daughter  of  William  and  Zillah  (Johnson)  Bailey.  Their 
children  are^ — Jesse  L.,  Amanda  Jane,  wife  of  H.  Kerr,  has  one 
daughter,  Ruth  E.  Kerr;  L.  M.,  who  married  Josephine  Hewitt,  and 
is  the  father  of  one  child,  Anna  Mary;  John  M.,  M.  Zillah,  E.  F.,  C. 
Albert  and  Calvin  W.  William  B.,  Hannah  Frances,  James  W.  and 
Nettie  are  deceased.  In  politics  Mr.  Rea  is  a  Rej^ublican.  He  has  been 
school  director  in  his  township,  and  filled  important  offices  in  Oar- 
michael's  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church,  of  which  his  family  are 
all  members. 

JOSEPH  REEYES,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born  in 
Cumberland  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  November  23,  1816, 
and  is  a  son  of  John  B.  _and  Sarah  (Lus^)  Reeves,  natives  of  Penn- 
sylvania. His  father  was  a  farmer,  and  lTvecrtoT)e  eighty-  five  years 
of  age.  His  family  consisted  of  twelve  children — six  sons  and  six 
daughters.  Joseph  was  the  sixth  in  the  family,  received  his  educa- 
tion in  the  common  schools,  and  chose  farming  as  his  business,  which 
he  has  followed  all  his  life.  He  started  out  in  the  world  with 
nothing  but  a  willing  mind  and  strong  muscle,  first  working  by  the 
day  and  month.  He  has  met  with  marked  success,  and  is  now  the 
owner  of  550  acres  of  well  improved  land  where  he  resides.  In  1840 
he  married  Miss  Rebecca,  daughter  of  Phineas  and  Hannah  -(Ross) 
Clawson,  who  were  of  English  descent.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Reeves  were 
the  parents  of  six  children,  five  living — Hannah  J.,  wife  of  Wesley 
Evans;  Sarah  Ellen,  wife  of  J.  B.  Sharp;  Eliza -M.,  wife  of  James 
Cliafen ;  Phineas  C.  and  John  L.  Their  mother  was  a  faithful  mem- 
ber of  the  Baptist  Church.  Mr.  Reeves'  first  son,  Phineas  C,  is  a 
farmer  and  at  present  resides  with  his  parents.  He  was  born  in 
Greene  Township,  January  9,  1850,  and  received  a  common  school 
education.  In  1875  he  was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Anna 
Davis.  They  have  five  children — Charles  R.,  Rosa  Pearl,  Ernest  J., 
Joseph  B.  and  F.  A.  In  politics  tlieir  father  is  a  Republican,  and  is  a 
leading  member  in  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

DxA.NIEL  RICH,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  Khedive,  Penn.,  was 
born  in  Cumberland  Township,  Greene  County,  April  25,  1830,  and 
is  a  son  of  David  and  Margaret  (Morrison)  Rich.  His  parents  were 
also  natives  of  Greene  County,  and  of  German  and  English  ancestry. 
His  father  and  grandfather  were  both  farmers  and  among  the  early 
settlers  of  the  county.  Daniel  is  the  ninth  in  a  family  of  thirteen 
children,  twelve  of  whom  grew  to  maturity.  He  was  reared  on  the 
farm,  attending  school  in  the  township,  and  also  graded  school  in 
Virginia.  He  chose  farming  as  his  occupation  and  is  now  the  owner 
of  360  acres  of  valuable  land  in  Cumberland  Township,  where  he 
resides  and  is  regarded  as  one  of  the  leading  men  of  Greene  Count3^ 
He  lived  four  years  in  Monroe  County,  Ohio,  where  he  was  united 
in  marriage,  October  8,   1858,  with  Miss  Lany,   daughter  of  Levi 


iiisToiiY  ov  greb:ne  county.  [yss 

Stephens,  a  native  of  Greene  County,  Penn.,  and  of  German  origin. 
Tliey  liave  two  children — A.  L.,  born  in  Monroe  County,  Ohio, 
August  13,  1859,  and  Phoebe  C,  who  is  the  wife  of  Columbus  Scott 
Their  sou,  A.  L.,  was  reared  on  their  present  farm,  in  Cumberland. 
Township,  to  which  his  parents  returned  soon  after  his  birth.  He 
was  married,  October  8,  1882,  to  Miss  Kate,  daughter  of  C.  C.  Harry; 
and  they  have  one  child — Stephen  Harry,  an  interesting  boy  of  five 
years.  In  politics  Mr.  Daniel  Rich  is  a  Republican,  and  was  elected 
Justice  of  the  peace  in  1880,  also  in  1885.  He  is  energetic  and 
successful  in  his  business,  and  has  always  held  the  confidence  of  his 
neighbors.  He  has  settled  up  fifteen  estates  for  heirs  in  the 
neighborhood,  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  the  parties  concerned. 
His  family  are  all  members  of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church, 
in  which  he  has  served  as  trustee  and  superintendent  of  the  Sabbath- 
school. 

ALBERT  M.  RICHEY,  now  a  resident  of  Iowa,  was  born  in 
Fayette  County,  Penn.,  February  10,  1810.  His  parents  were  Sam- 
uel and  Elizabeth  (Humbert)  Richey,  natives  of  Pennsylvania  and  of 
German  and  English  ancestry.  His  father  was  a  soldier  in  the  war 
of  1812.  Leaving  his  native  county  at  the  age  of  twenty-one, 
Albert  came  to  Greene  County,  after  having  learned  cabinet-making, 
in  Fayette  County,  Penn.,  and  carried  on  business  until  1878.  At 
that  time  he  went  West  and  engaged  in  the  same  business  at  In- 
dianola,  Iowa,  where  he  still  resides.  His  family  consists  of  seven 
cliildren.  His  oldest  and  only  child  in  Greene  County  is  Miss  Eme- 
line  Richey,  of  Carmichaels,  Penn.,  where  she  is  owner  and  pro- 
prietor of  a  large  dry-goods  and  dress  emporium.  Miss  Richey  is 
deserving  of  special  mention,  her  life  having  been  so  much  out  of  the 
range  of  most  of  her  sex.  She  was  reared  in  Carmichaels  and  at- 
tended Greene  Academy  until  1854,  when  she  was  employed  by  J. 
W.  Hathaway,  as  clerk  in  his  store.  Here  she  displayed  such  ex- 
cellent taste  and  good  judgment  in  the  selection  and  purcliase  of 
goods,  and  such  business  ability,  that  Mr.  Hathaway  soon  trusted  her 
to  do  all  the  buying  in  the  East,  and  gave  her  complete  control  of 
the  store  during  the  last  few  years  she  remained  with  him.  In  the 
fifteen  years  she  was  with  him  Mr.  Hathaway's  business  was  far 
more  prosperous  than  ever  before.  Miss  Richey  has  met  with  the 
same  success  in  her  own  store,  which  she  opened  in  1869.  She  has 
a  good  trade  in  dry-goods  and  millinery,  and  also  makes  a  specialty 
of  fine  dress-inaking,  receiving  the  patronage  of  many  prominent 
ladies  for  miles  around  Carmichaels.  She  is  always  prompt  and 
obliging,  conducts  her  business  in  a  business-like  way  and  has  met 
with  marked  success  in  all  her  undertakings. 

THOMAS  RINEHART,  retired  farmer  and  stock-grower,  Cey- 
lon, Penn.,  was   born  in  Greene  County,  February  li,   1802.       His 


634  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

parents,  John  and  Pe^gy  (Ingliram)  Rineliart,  were  of  Irish  and 
German  descent.  His  ancestors  were  among  the  earliest  settlers  of 
the  county,  in  which  many  descendants  of  both  families  now  reside, 
some  of  them  liaving  held  prominent  positions  therein.  The  present 
President  Judge  of  Greene  County  is  a  nephew  of  Thomas  Pinehart, 
the  the  subject  of  our  sketch.  Mr.  Rinehart's  father  was  a  farmer 
all  his  life.  Thomas  was  his  second  son  and  was  reared  in  Greene 
County,  attending  the  subscription  schools.  He  manifested  ex- 
cellent business  proclivities  early  in  life,  and  was  untiring  in  his 
zeal  to  make  the  best  of  every  opportunity,  as  a  result  of  wliich  he 
now  owns  a  fine  farm  of  200  acres,  where  he  lives  in  Cumberland 
Township.  Here  he  was  married  and  is  the  father  of  two  children — 
Thomas  Franklin  and  Margaret  Ann.  Mr.  llinehart  is  a  Democrat, 
and  he  and  his  wife  are  consistent  members  of  church. 

THOMAS  AV.  EOGERS,  photographer,  who  was  born  in  Bealls- 
ville,  AVashington  County,  Penn.,  July  17,  1846,  is  a  son  of  James  P. 
and  Sarah  (McLean)  Rogers,  also  natives  of  AVashington  County. 
Mrs.  Sarah  Rogers  died  in  1854.  Mr.  Rogers,  who  is  a  carpenter 
and  contractor,  now  resides  in  the  State  of  Indiana.  His  family  con- 
sists of  seven  children  now  living — five  sons  and  two  daughters 
(five  dead).  Thomas,  who  is  the  third  son,  was  reared  in  AYashington 
County  on  the  farm,  and  attended  school  at  13eallsville.  In  1861  he 
learned  photography,  at  which  he  worked  for  over  three  years  before 
he  opened  his  establishment  in  Carmichaels,  where  he  has  been  a 
very  popular  and  successful  photographer.  In  1869  Mr.  Rogers 
married  Miss  Belle,  daughter  of  Joseph  Daugherty.  They  are  the 
parents  of  five  children,  viz. — Oily,  Velma,  AVilber, "  Ina  and  Fred. 
Mr.  Rogers  is  modest  and  unassuming  but  industrious  and  energetic 
in  his  business,  and  has  always  had  the  respect  and  confidence  of  the 
community,  from  which  he  has  received  a  liberal  patronage.  In  pol- 
itics he  is  a  Republican;  and  he  and  Mrs.  Rogers  are  among  the 
most  faithful  and  ])rominent  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church. 

A.  J.  SHARPNACK,  farmer  and  stock-o-rower,  of  Cumberland 
Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  was  born  August  25,  1847,  on  the 
farm  where  he  now  resides.  He  is  a  son  of  Henry  and  Elizabeth 
(Rice)  Sharpnack.  Mr.  Sharpnack's  father,  wdio  died  in  1879,  made 
farming  the  business  of  his  life.  Mr.  Sharpnack  is  the  youngest  of 
nine  children,  five  of  whom  are  living.  He  was  reared  in  Cumber- 
land Township  on  the  farm  with  his  parents,  where  he  attended  the 
district  school.  He  wisely  chose  his  father's  occupation — that  of 
stock-growing  and  farniing.  He  owns  an  improved  and  well  stocked 
farm.  In  1868  he  married  Caroline  M.  Rinehart.  They  have  two 
sons — Levi  and  Henry.  Their  mother  died  and  Mr.  Sharpnack  was 
again  united  in  marriage  with  Martha,  daughter  of  David  Bowser. 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  635 

Their  children  are — Lora,  Malinda,  Chester  A.  Arthur,  Elizabeth 
Ann,  Lilian  Dell,  and  James  G.  Blaine.  Mrs.  Sliarpnack  is  a  de- 
voted member  of  the  Baptist  Church. 

LEVI  A.  SIIAllPNACK,  farmer  and  stock-raiser,  Carmichaels, 
Benn.,  was  born  in  Cumberland  Township,  Greene  County,  Decem- 
ber 24,  1850.  He  is  a  son  of  John  and  Sarah  (Antram)  Sliarpnack, 
who  were  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  and  of  German  and  English  ori- 
gin. His  father  was  an  industrious  and  energetic  farmer  and  stock- 
raiser  until  his  death,  April  8,  1858.  His  family  consisted  of  eleven 
children,  seven  living,  of  whom  Levi  is  the  youngest  and  the  only 
son.  He  was  reared  on  the  farm  and  received  a  common  school  edu- 
cation; has  made  choice  of  farming  as  his  occupation  through  life, 
and  meets  with  great  success.  He  owns  ninety-two  acres  of  valu- 
able land  where  he  now"  resides.  In  1874  he  nuirried  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  "William  and  Susan  (Curl)  Armstrong.  Mr.  Sharpnack 
is  of  Irish  descent.  Their  children  are:  Linton,  Chauncey,  Ora, 
Charles  and  Launa-.  Mr.  Sharpnack  is  a  strong  Democrat,  and  one 
of  the  most  influential  citizens  of  his  township. 

THOMAS  L.  STEWAIIT,  deceased,  was  born  in  Dunkard  Town- 
ship, Greene  County,  in  the  year  1813.  His  parents,  Leonard 
and  Elizabeth  (Ferrell)  Stewart,  were  of  English  descent,  and  among 
the  early  settlers  of  the  county.  His  father  was  a  farmer.  Thomas 
L.  was  reared  in  Dunkard  ToM^nship,  and  followed  farming  as  his 
occupation.  In  1842  he  married  Miss  Eliza,  daughter  of  John  and 
Elizabeth  (Hopton)  Johnson.  They  are  the  parents  of  three  chil- 
dren: Joseph,  Mary  E.  and  Johnson,  who  married  Sarah  Durr,andis 
the  father  of  two  children — Charles  and  G.  Bearl.  Joseph,  their 
oldest  son,  was  born  in  Cumberland  Township,  Greene  County,  Octo- 
ber 24,  1844,  and  received  a  common  school  education.  In  1882  he 
married  Miss  Amanda,  daughter  of  E.  Y.  Cowell.  Mrs.  Joseph 
Stewart  was  a  member  of  the  Baptist  Church.  She  died  in  1884, 
leaving  one  child,  Mary.  Mr.  Stewart  and  his  sons  are  strict  adher- 
ents to  the  Republican  party. 

ELIAS  STONE,  deceased,  who  was  a  farmer  and  stock  grower, 
was  born  in  Greensboro,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  September  22,1808. 
He  was  a  son  of  James  and  Nancy  (Sedgewick)  Stone,  who  were  na- 
tives of  Greene  County,  and  desceudied  from  its  earliest  settlers.  The 
history  of  the  family  on  both  sides  shows  them  to  have  been  farmers 
usually,  and  of  Irish  descent.  Mr.  Stone  was  the  second  in  a  family 
of  eig^ht  children.  He  was  reared  in  Monongahela  Township,  this 
county,  Avhere  he  attended  the  subscription  schools.  '  He  devoted  his 
business  life  to  farming  and  the  growing  of  line  stock.  In  1833  he 
married  Mary,  daughter  of  Samuel  and  Nancy  (Lackey)  Huston. 
Her  parents  were  natives  of  Pennsylvania*  and  of  Irish  descent.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Stone  were  the  parents  of  three  children.     Lizzie,  Nan  anci 


636  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

Fannie.  Their  mother  died  in  1843.  Mr.  Stone  was  Republican  in 
politics,  and  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  He  was 
twice  married,  and  his  widow  and  two  children,  Frank  and  Amanda, 
survive  him.     lie  died  in  1872. 

D.  C.  STEPHENSON,  farmer  ^and  stock  grower,  was  born  in 
Greene  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  June  5,  1826.  His  par- 
ents, Alexander  and  Rachel  (Jones)  Stephenson,  were  natives  of  this 
county,  and  of  Welsh  and  Scotch-Irish  descent.  His  grandfather 
and  great-g)'andfatlier  were  Hugh  and  Daniel  Stephenson,  who  were 
farmers  and  soldiers  in  the  Revolutionary  war;  they  came  to  Greene 
County  soon  after  its  close.  His  father  served  as  justice  of  the 
peace  in  Greene  County  for  a  period  of  fifteen  years.  The  history 
of  the  Stephenson  family  gives  farming  as  their  usual  occupation. 
Mr.  Stephenson's  grandfather  was  born  in  Greene  County,  where  he 
spent  all  his  life.  He  died  in  1857  in  his  eighty-second  year.  Mr. 
Stephenson  is  the  oldest  in  a  family  of  four  children — two  sons  and 
two  daughters.  He  was  reared  on  the  farm  in  this  county,  where  he 
attended  the  district  school.  In  1861  he  came  to  Cumberland  Town- 
ship and  engaged  in  farming  until  1869,  when  he  came  to  Ceylon 
and  kept  store  for  a  period  of  sixteen  years.  He  was  united  in  mar- 
riage, in  Henry  County,  Iowa,  with  Miss  Martha,  daughter  of  Isaac 
and  Mary  (Barclay)  Johnson.  Mrs.  Stephenson  is  a  great  grand- 
daughter of  the  Hon.  Hugh  Barclay.  Her  grandfather  was  also 
Hugh  Barclay,  and  her  grandfather  Johnson's  name  was  William. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stephenson  have  eight  children — Mary  E.,  wife  of 
Noah  M.  Hartley;  Alexander  M.,  a  farmer;  Fannie,  Hugh  C,  of 
Iowa;  J.  W.,  a  teacher,  Anna  M.,  Flora  M.  and  I.  T.  (de- 
ceased). In  politics  Mr.  Stephenson  is  a  Democrat,  and  has  served 
as  postmaster  in  Greene  County  for  fifteen  years.  He  has  made  his 
own  way  in  the  world,  and  by  means  of  his  energy  and  untiring  zeal 
in  his  business  has  become  one  of  the  most  prosperous  farmers  in 
the  county  and  highly  respected  by  all  who  know  him. 

JOHNSON  TOPPIN,  retired  farmer,  Carmichaels,  Penn.,  was 
born  in  Maryland  February  25,  1808,  and  is  a  son  of  John  and  Re- 
becca (Johnson)  Toppin.  They  were  members  of  the  Society  of 
Friends,  and  of  English  descent.  His  father  was  a  farmer  and  car- 
penter through  life.  Johnson  was  one  of  three  sons  and  three  daugh- 
ters, and  spent  most  of  his  life  in  Greene  County,  Penn.,  where  he 
also  attended  school.  He  learned  the  gunsmith  trade,  in  which  he 
engaged  for  a  time,  then  followed  ship  carpentering  as  a  business. 
He  also  ran  on  the  river  as  captain  on  a  keel  boat  for  nineteen 
years.  He  afterwards  bought  a  farm  in  Cumberland  Township, 
where  he  lived  until  1885 — the  date  of  his  retirement.  In  1833  he 
was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Harriet,  daughter  of  John  and 
Jane  Dalby.     Mrs.  Toppin  was  born  in  1813  and  is  also  a  native  of 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  637 

Pennsylvania.  Of  their  five  children,  three  are  living — two  in  Iowa. 
They  are  all  married:  Matilda,  wife  of  William  Gass;  Rebecca  Ann, 
wife  of  J.  K.  Parshall,  and  Almira,  wife  of  Thomas  W.  Linch.  Mr. 
Toppin  is  a  Democrat;  and  his  wife  is  a  faithful  member  of  the 
Methodist  Church. 

T.  P.  WARNE,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  Carmichaels,  Penn., 
was  born  in  Carroll  Township,  Washington  County,  Penn.,  January 
26, 1847.  He  is  a  son  of  Joseph  and  Elizabeth  (Lrwin)  Warnc.  His 
fatlier  and  mother  were  natives  of  AVashington  and  Chester  counties 
respectively,  and  were  of  English  and  Irish  descent.  His  father, 
who  has  met  with  marked  success  as  a  farmer,  still  resides  on  the  old 
home  farm  in  Carroll  Township,  Washington  County,  and  also  owns 
a  fine  farm  of  250  acres  in  Cumberland  Township,  Greene  County. 
Mr.  T.  P.  Warne,  who  is  the  second  in  a  family  of  seven  children, 
attended  school  at  Monongahela  City,  where  he  started  in  business 
as  a  coal  merchant  and  remained  there  for  a  period  of  nine  years.  In 
1882  he  sold  out  his  coal  interests,  and  came  to  this  county  in  1885  and 
has  since  been  engaged  in  farming  in  Cumberland  Township.  Mr. 
Warne  was  united  in  marriage,  April  21,  1887,  with  Anna  E.  Long. 
Her  parents  were  James  and  Mary  (McClelland)  Long,  of  English 
and  Irish  ancestry.  Mrs.  Warne  is  third  in  their  family  of  six  chil- 
dren; and  is  a  faithful  member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  Mr. 
Warne  is  a  Democrat,  and  one  of  the  leading  citizens  of  his  commu- 
nity. 

LEM  H.  WILEY,  musician,  Peoria  111.,  was  born  in  Greene 
County,  Penn.,  April  17,  1844.  He  acrjuired  a  common  school  edu- 
cation, and  worked  at  the  blacksmiths  trade  with  his  father.  In  1862 
he  went  to  Peoria  County,  111.,  and  in  the  fall  he  enlisted  in  the  Seventy- 
seventh  Regiment  Illinois  Volunteers,  as  chief  musician,  being  then 
only  eighteen  years  of  age.  This  position  he  filled  faithfully  until  the 
regiment  was  mustered  out  of  service  at  the  close  of  the  war.  Upon 
returning  home,  Mr.  Wiley  became  a  member  of  the  celebrated  Light 
Guards  Band  of  Peoria,  with  which  he  remained  nine  years,  during 
which  time  he  also  opened  a  music  business.  In  1872  he  was  one  ot 
the  twenty-four  cornetists  at  P.  S.  Gil more's  World's  Peace  Jubilee  at 
Boston;  and  has  been  a  member  and  leader  of  a  number  of  the  noted 
bands  in  the  United  States.  He  was  married,  August  17,  1872,  to 
Miss  Alta,  daughter  of  Levi  AVilson,  of  Peoria,  111.'  In  1880  he  be- 
came a  leader  in  Haverly's  Original  Mastodon  Minstrels,  organized  in 
Chicago,  and  remained  with  them  five  years,  during  which  time  he 
played  in  all  the  large  cities  in  the  United  States  and  most  of  the 
principal  cities  in  the  old  world.  In  January,  1885,  he  became  man- 
ager of  the  new  Grand  Opera  House  in  Peoria,  111.,  a  position  he  still 
holds.  Mr.  Wiley  is  considered  by  the  world  a  thorough  musician  and 
remarkable  cornetist. 


638  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

A.  J.  YOUNG,  fanner  and  stock  grower,  Rice's  Landing,  Penn. , 
was  born  in  Washington  County,  February  7,  1831,  and  is  a  son  of 
Abraham  and  Hannah  (liuse)  Young.  His  parents  were  natives  of 
Washington  and  Greene  counties,  respecti t^ely,  and  of  German  and 
English  ancestry.  Mr.  Young  is  the  seventh  in  a  family  of  ten  children, 
lie  was  reared  in  West  Bethlehem  Township,  Washington  County,  and 
acquired  his  education  from  the  common  schools  of  liis  neighborliood. 
He  chose  farming  as  his  occupation,  and  owns  1G5  acres  of  well  im- 
proved land  in  Cumberland  Township,  Greene  County,  where  he  took 
up  his  abode  in  1854.  In  the  same  year  he  was  united  in  marriage 
with  Miss  Rachel,  daughter  of  Joseph  and  Sarah  (Swan)  Ailes.  The 
former  was  a  native  of  Washington  County,  and  the  latter  of  Greene 
County,  and  a  descendant  of  one  of  its  earliests  settlers.  Mrs. 
Y'oung's  great-grandfather,  John  Swan,  settled  on  the  farm  now 
owned  by  A.  J.  Young,  in  1767,  and  had  to  build  a  fort  to  protect 
himself  from  the  Indians.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Young  are  devoted  members 
ot  the  Cuml)erland  Presbyterian  Church,  the  former  ruling  elder  of 
the  church.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Young  are  the  parents  of  two  children — 
Amy  H.,  who  died  when  four  years  old;  and  William  A.,  a  carpen- 
ter and  farmer,  residing  on  the  home  farm.  He  was  united  in  mar- 
riage in  1884  with  Miss  Maggie  M,,  daughter  of  Jacob  and  Rachel 
Braden,  and  they  have  one  child,  Walter  B. 

MORGAN  YOUNG,  farmer  and  stock  grower,  Rice's  Landing, 
Penn.,  was  born  in  Washington  County,  February  8,  1829,  and  is  a 
son  of  Abraham  and  Hannah  (Rose)  Young.  His  parents  were  of 
Scotch-Irish  and  Dutch  descent.  His  mother  was  a  native  of  Greene 
County  and  his  father,  who  was  a  farmer  and  stock  raiser  during  his 
life-time,  was  burn  in  Washington  County,  Penii.  Both  died  on  the 
same  day  in  January,  1853,  his  wife  surviving  him  just  four  liours. 
They  had  a  family  of  ten  children.  Morgan,  who  was  the  sixth,  was 
reared  on  the  farm,  attended  the  common  school,  and  has  made  farm- 
ing the  business  of  his  life.  He  is  the  owner  of  a  well  improved 
farm  consisting  of  two  hundred  and  seventeen  acres  well  stocked  and 
kept  in  good  condition.  Mr.  Young  has  been  twice  married;  first, 
in  1850,  to  Harriet,  daughter  of  Thomas  M.  and  Maria  (Phillips) 
Norris.  Mrs.  Young  was  of  Dutch  descent.  They  had  four  chil- 
dren— A.  L.,  a  teacher  and  farmer  in  Ohio;  Amy  M.,  wife  of  T.  O. 
Bradbury;  Mary  Ellen  and  James  E.  Their  mother  died  in  June, 
1876.  Mr.  Young's  second  wife  was  Miss  Emma,  daughter  of  Aaron 
and  Sarrali  (MeCullough)  Bradbury,  who  were  of  English  descent. 
Mrs.  Young's  father,  now\a  farmer  of  this  county,  was  for  many  years 
a  farmer  and  tanner  of  Washington  County,  Penn.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Young  have  one  child,  Harry  H.  B.  In  politics  Mr.  Young  was  a 
Democrat  until  1884,  since  M'hich  time  he  has  been  a  strong  Pro- 
hibitionist, and  has  filled  various  important  offices  in  his  township. 


HISTORY    OF    GREEISTE    COUNTY.  639 

He  was  justice  of  the  peace  for  a  period  of  ten  years.  They  were 
both  members  of  the  Shepherds  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  in  which 
both  were  stewards,  and  Mr.  Young  has  been  trustee,  superintendent 
of  the  Sabbath-school,  and  class  leader  for  thirty  years,  until  two 
years  ago,  when  they  united  with  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  at 
Rice's  Landino^. 


DUNKARD   TOWNSHIP. 

EMANUEL  BEALL,  overseer  of  the  poor  of  Greene  County, 
Penn.,  was  born  in  Monongahela  Township,  this  county,  December 
31,  1819,  and  is  a  son  of  Thomas  and  Marian  (Engales)  Beall.  His 
father  was  a  native  of  Loudoun  County,  Ya.,  and  his  mother  was 
born  in  Greene  County,  Penn.  They  were  of  English  and  German 
extraction.  Emanuel's  grandfather,  William  Beall,  was  a  pioneer 
settler  of  Greene  County,  and  his  maternal  grandfather  was  a  soldier 
in  the  Pevolutionary  war.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  next  to  the 
oldest  in  a  family  of  eleven  children.  He  remained  on  the  farm 
with  his  parents  until  he  was  near  twenty-four  years  of  age,  then 
located  in  Monongalia  County,  W.  Ya.,  where  he  engaged  in  farm- 
ing and  stock-raising.  Mr.  Beall  has  made  his  own  way  in  the  world, 
and  at  present  is  the  owner  of  500  acres  of  land.  He  owned  at  one 
time  over  900  acres.  Mr,  Beall  is  a  Democrat  in  politics,  and  at 
present  is  overseer  of  the  poor  of  this  county.  He  takes  an  active 
interest  in  the  public  schools,  and  has  served  a  number  of  years  as 
school  director.  In  18(39  he  returned  to  his  native  county  and  set- 
tled in  Dunkard  Township,  where  he  still  resides.  He  has  made  the 
raising  of  fine  sheep  a  specialty,  and  has  met  with  great  success  in 
his  business.  Mr.  Beall  has  been  three  times  married,  and  is  the 
father  of  eleven  children,  viz:  John  T.,  Bertha  J.,  wife  of  Daniel 
Morris;  William  J.,  Charlotte,  Martha,  Barnet,  Nancy,  George  W., 
Andrew  J.,  Miriam  and  Columbus.  Mr.  Beall  is  a  faithful  member 
of  the  Baptist  Church,  of  which  he  is  clerk. 

THOKNTON  COALBANK,  a  farmer  and  stock-grower,  born  in 
West  Yirginia  in  1821,  is  a  son  of  Samuel  and  Elizabeth  (Everly) 
Coalbank,  who  w^ere  also  natives  of  West  Yirginia,  and  of  Welsli 
and  English  extraction.  His  father  was  a  farmer  all  his  life.  Thorn- 
ton, the  fifth  in  a  family  of  eleven  children,  remafffled  on  the  farm 
with  his  parents  until  he  reached  his  majority.  He  received  his  edu- 
cation in  tlie  district  schools  of  West  Yirginia,  and  Greene  County, 


64:0  SISTOEY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY, 

Penn.,  wliere  he  has  resided  since  1842.  Early  in  life  he  learned  the 
shoemaker's  trade,  which,  in  connection  with  farming,  he  has  fol- 
lowed through  life,  and  has  met  with  financial  success,  being  at 
present  the  owmer  of  q.  valuable  farm  lying  along  the  Monongahela 
Kiver.  Mr.  Coalbank  has  been  twice  married,  first  in  Greene  County 
in  184:6,  to  Miss  Sarah  liartly,  who  died  in  1875.  By  this  marriage 
Mr.  Coalbank  was  the  father  of  eleven  children,  most  of  whom  grew 
to  maturity.  Ten  years  later  he  married  Miss  Agnes,  daugliter  of 
John  and  Susannah  (Bright)  Davis.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Coalbank  are 
leading  members  in  the  Baptist  Church. 

AMBROSE  DILLINER,  retired  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was 
born  in  Dunkard  Township,  Greene  County,  Benn.,  September  14, 
1815,  He  is  a  son  of  George  and  Sarah  (Ramsey)  Dilliner,  M'ho 
were  natives  of  this  county,  and  of  Irish  and  German  origin.  His 
o-randfather,  Augustine  Dilliner,  came  to  Greene  County  more  than 
a  hundred  years  ago,  and  settled  above  the  mouth  of  Dunkard  Creek, 
in  Dunkard  Township,  where  he  spent  the  remaining  portion  of  his 
life.  George  Dilliner  died  in  1824,  leaving  a  family  of  twelve  chil- 
dren, of  whom  Ambrose  is  the  youngest  son.  He  was  reared  on  his 
father's  farm  and  received  a  common-school  education.  Mr.  Dilliner 
learned  the  millwright  business  in  early  life,  and  engaged  therein  for 
ten  years.  He  owned  and  operated  a  saw-mill  in  this  township  from 
1867  till  1881,  He  has  been  quite  an  extensive  lumber  dealer,  but 
has  made  farming  his  chief  occupation,  and  owns  a  farm  of  130  acres 
lying  along  the  Monongahela  River.  Mr.  Dilliner  was  united  in 
marriage,  March  23, 1857,  with  Miss  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  William 
and  Sarah  (McKee)  Griffin.  Her  parents  were  natives  of  Delaware, 
but  have  resided  in  Dunkard  Township,  this  county,  for  about  three- 
quarters  of  a  century.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Dilliner  have  been  born 
seven  children,  only  three  of  whom  are  living — Sarah,  wife  of  Jacob 
Kemp;  Lydia  F.,  wife  of  J.  E.  Sturgis,  and  W.  L.  The  deceased 
are  Caroline,  Elizabeth,  George  S.  and  AV^alter.  W.  L.,  the  youngest 
child  living,  has  charge  of  the  home  farm,  where  he  was  born  April 
27,  1850.  In  1877  lie  married  Miss  M.,  daughter  of  David  and 
Jemima  (Evans)  Rich,  and  they  have  three  children — Emma,  Mamie 
and  Walter  S.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Dilliner  are  members  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church,  in  which  lie  has  been  an  official  member  for  forty- 
six  years,  and  has  served  as  Sabbath-school  superintendent,  Mr, 
Dilliner  is  a  Republican,  and  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity. 

IRA  D,  KNOTTS,  physician  and  surgeon,  was  born  in  Dunkard 
Township,  this  county,  March  9,  1857.  He  is  a  son  of  William  and 
Ruth  (South)  Knotts,  who  were  also  natives  of  this  county,  and  of 
German  and  Scotch  descent.  His  father  is  a  farmer  and  stock-grower 
by  occupation,  and  resides  in  Dunkard  Township,  where  the  Doctor 
is   in   successful  practice.     The   Doctor  is  a  grandson  of  Jonathan 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  641 

Knotts,  who  was  born  in  this  county  in  1797,  and  was  a  soldier  in 
the  war  of  1812.  He  died  in  Fayette  Connty,  Penn.,  having  lived 
to  the  advanced  age  of  ninety  years.  Dr.  Knotts  is  tlie  fonrth  in  a 
family  of  seven  children.  He  was  reared  on  a  farm  in  Perry  Town- 
ship, and  his  early  education  was  obtained  in  the  district  school  and 
Monongahela  College  at  Jefferson,  Penn.  He  subsequently  went  to 
Mount  Union  College,  Ohio,  and  took  the  regular  course  up  to  the 
senior  year,  when  he  left  for  the  purpose  of  studying  medicine.  He 
took  the  regular  medical  course  in  the  University  of  Philadelphia, 
graduating  with  high  honors  in  1887.  The  Doctor  was  a  diligent 
student,  ambitious  to  acquire  all  possible  knowledge  in  his  profession. 
He  pursued  his  studies  with  unabated  zeal,  and  was  awarded  the  $75 
prize  oifered  to  his  class  for  the  best  examination  in  hygiene.  This 
trophy  of  honor  is  a  fine  microscope,  which  he  finds  of  great  value 
in  his  practice.  He  is  a  man  of  more  than  ordinary  energy,  and  his 
professional  skill  and  gentleman!}^  demeanor  have  won  for  him  a 
liberal  patronage  where  he  is  located,  in  Dunkard,  Greene  County, 
Penn.  The  Doctor,  September  15,  1881,  in  a  competitive  examina- 
tion in  Latin  Physics  and  English  Composition,  passed  the  best  ex- 
amination, and  obtained  as  his  reward  for  the  same  a  scholarship  for 
three  yeai's  in  the  University  of  Philadelphia,  Penn. 

JOHN  J>.  MASON,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  who  was  born  in 
Perry  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  July  22,  1816,  is  a  son  of 
Peter  and  Naomi  (Jones)  Mason,  His  father,  who  was  born  in  Cum- 
berland County  in  1793,  was  the  son  of  John  E.  Mason,  one  of  the 
first  shoemakers  in  Dunkard  Township.  Peter  Mason  was  a  farmer 
by  occupation,  and  died  January  1,  1888,  leaving  a  family  of  eleven 
children.  Mrs.  Naomi  Mason  was  a  confirmed  invalid  for  twenty-one 
years,  and  died  August  28,  1870.  John  B.,  the  second  son,  was 
reared  in  Whiteley  Township,  where  he  attended  the  district  schools. 
He  has  spent  a  long  life  in  his  chosen  occupation,  and  is  one  of  the 
most  successful  and  best  known  citizens  in  his  township.  He  is  the 
owner  of  a  well-improved  farm  where  he  resides,  near  Davistown,  Penn. 
After  his  mother's  death  Mr.  Mason  took  care  of  his  aged  father  imtil 
his  death.  In  1840  John  B.  Mason  married  Miss  Hannah,  daughter  of 
John  and  Margaret  (Wilson)  Phillips.  They  are  faithful  members  of 
the  Metliodist  Episcopal  Church,  in  which  Mr.  Mason  has  served  as 
class-leader  for  over  forty  years.  He  is  also  actively  interested  in 
the  Sabbath-school,  and  has  been  superintendent  for  many  years, 

GEOEGE  G.  MILLEP,  farmer  and  and  stock-grower,  was  born 
in  Dunkard  Township,  this  county,  December  30,  1836,  and  is  a  son 
of  Daniel  and  Rebecca  (Garrison)  Miller,  who  were  natives  of  Penn- 
sylvania, apd  of  German  and  Irish  extraction.  Mr,  Miller's  father  and 
Jonathan  Miller,  his  grandfather,  were  farmers  and  millers  by  occu- 
pation.   The  farm  where  the  subject  of  this  sketch  now  resides  is  a  part 


642.  HISTORY    OP    GREENE    COUNTY. 

of  a  700-acre  tract  of  land  purchased  bj  his  grandfather  in  1808,  Mr, 
Miller's  grandfather  died  in  1849,  and  his  father  in  1887,  in  his 
seventy-seventh  year,  (ieorge  G.  was  an  only  child.  He  was  reared 
on  the  home  farm  and  received  a  common-school  education.  lie  also 
attended  Greene  Academy,  and  Allegheny  and  Waynesburg  Colleges, 
and  subsequently  taught  school  for  several  years.  On  September  22, 
1862,  Mr.  Miller  enlisted  in  Company  E,  Fourteenth  Pennsylvania 
Volunteer  Cavalry.  He  was  orderly  sergeant  of  the  company,  and 
passed  through  many  severe  battles.  He  was  with  General  Averill 
on  his  famous  raids  to  White  Sulphur  Springs,  Lewisburg,  and 
Salem.  The  U.  S.  Government  showed  its  appreciation  of  the  ser- 
vices rendered  by  the  latter  expedition  by  issuing  to  every  man  who 
returned  from  Salem  a  complete  outfit  of  clothing  free  of  cost,  lie- 
turning  home  at  the  close  of  the  war,  he  again  engaged  in  teaching 
for  a  time,  and  always  took  an  active  interest  in  the  teachers'  insti- 
tute of  the  county.  For  the  past  few  years  Mr.  Miller  has  devoted 
his  time  and  talent  wholly  to  farming  and  stock-growing,  and  his 
farm  consists  of  230  acres  of  well  improved  land.  Mr.  Miller  has 
been  twice  married:  First,  in  Washington  County,  to  Miss  Margery, 
daughter  of  John  and  Jane  (Gregg)  Hopkins.  She  was  of  Irish 
lineage,  and  died  in  1874.  Their  children  were — Laura,  Ellen  (de- 
ceased), Estelle  and  Charles,  in  1877  Mr.  Miller  married  Miss  Eliza- 
beth McCormick,  daughter  of  Joseph  and  Mary  (Watson)  McCormick, 
of  Dunkard  Township,  and  they  are  the  parents  of  four  children, 
viz.,  Wayne,  Warren  D.,  Peri  and  James  Clifton.  Mrs.  Miller  is  a 
member  of  the  Methodist  Protestant  Church.  Mr.  Miller  is  a  Re- 
publican, and  a  prominent  member  of  the  G.  A.  H. 

ASA  MILLER,  retired  miller,  farmer  and  wool-carder,  was  born 
in  Dunkard  Township,  this  county.  May  24,  1812.  His  parents  were 
of  German  ancestry  and  natives  of  Frederick  County,  Marj-land. 
His  father,  Jonathan  Miller,  was  born  February  10,  1774,  and  his 
mother,  Susannah  (Tombs)  Miller,  was  born  January  7,  1773.  They 
were  united  in  marriage  August  8, 1799,  and  came  to  Greene  County, 
Penn.,  in  1802,  where  he  l^ought  a  large  tract  of  land  and  water- 
mill  on  Crooks  Run.  He  immediately  put  in  steam  power,  by  bring- 
ing the  first  engine  into  the  county.  The  old  mill  burned  in  1850, 
and  was  rebuilt  by  our  subject  in  1858,  and  he  is  now  using  the  en- 
gine he  first  purchased  for  the  old  mill.  Jonathan  and  wife  were 
file  parents  of  eight  children,  five  sons  and  three  daughters,  and 
their  home  was  a  welcome  to  the  poor  and  needy.  Both  were  mein- 
bers  of  the  Dunkard  Church,  He  died  in  December,  1849,  and  slie 
in  August,  1852.  The  Millers  are  remarkable  for  longevity,  sagac- 
ity and  uprightness  of  character.  Of  the  eight  children  the  young- 
est was  seventy-one  before  any  died.  Jacob,  the  oldest,  died  in  1885, 
aged  eighty-five  years.    Asa  Millei',  our  subject,  received  a  good  edu- 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  643 

cation,  attended  Washington  and  Jefferson  Colleges  in  Washington, 
Penn.  lie  spent  his  earlj^  life  as  miller,  a  business  he  has  been  con- 
nected with  through  life.  He  has  had  success  as  a  farmer  and  gen- 
eral business  man,  and  owns  a  mill  and  over  200  acres  of  land 
within  one  mile  of  his  birth-place  in  Dunkard  Township.  He  was 
united  in  marriage  in  Monongalia  County,  West  Virginia,  Septem- 
ber 21,  1837,  with  Mary,  daughter  of  Owen  and  Elizabeth  (Mc- 
Yicker)  John.  The  former  was  of  English  and  the  latter  of  German 
descent.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Miller  are  the  parents  of  the  following  children 
— Susan  E.,  wife  of  E.  McElroy;  William  L.,  Jesse  F.,  Amanda  K., 
wife  of  John  Keener;  Henry  J.,  an  eminent  surgeon  and  physician 
of  Tennessee.  The  deceased  are:  J.  Q.  and  Mary  V.  Mrs.  Miller  is 
a  devoted,  member  of  the  Dunkard  Church. 

I.  A.  MORRIS,  retired  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born  Sep- 
tember 22,  1811,  on  a  farm  near  Uniontown,  Fayette  County,  Penn., 
and  is  a  son  of  Crriffith  and  Hannah  (Springer)  Morris.  His  parents 
were  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  and  of  Welsh  and  Irish  origin.  His 
father  came  to  Greene  County  in  1824,  locating  in  Dunkard  Town- 
ship, where  he  sj^ent  the  remaining  portion  of  his  life.  His  family 
consisted  of  eight  children,  of  whom  the  subject  of  this  sketch  is 
the  second.  He  was  reared  on  the  farm  and  received  his  early  edu- 
cation in  the  district  schools.  He  very  naturally  chose  farming  as 
an  occupation,  and  engaged  therein  successfully  until  he  retired  from 
the  cares  of  his  more  active  life.  His  farm  is  well  improved  and 
consists  of  200  acres,  where  he  resides  in  Dunkard  Township.  Mr. 
Morris  was  united  in  marriage  May  4,  1837,  with  Miss  Nancy, 
daughter  of  Samuel  and  Retilda  (Bright)  Everly.  Her  father  vras 
born  in  Virginia,  and  her  mother  w-as  a  native  of  Delaware.  They 
were  of  Irish  lineage.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Morris  have  a  family  of  eight 
children — Martha  J.,  wife  of  Josiah  Hall;  Clarinda,  wife  of  William 
Hord;  Clark,  a  stonemason;  George  W.,  a  farmer;  Loranda,  wife  of 
Isaac  Courtwright;  Samuel,  a  merchant  at  Uniontown,  Penn.;  Delia, 
wife  of  James  Sargent,  and  Single.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Morris  are  mem- 
bers of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  in  which  he  has  been  a 
class-leader  and  superintendent  of  the  Sabbath-school. 

JAMES  McCLUPE,  deceased,  was  born  in  Perry  Township, 
Greene  County,  Pennsylvania,  February  24,  1816,  and  was  the  son  of 
William  and  Jane  (King)  McClure.  His  father  was  born  in  Ireland, 
and  his  mother  in  Perry  Township,  this  county.  James  McClure 
was  a  farmer  and  stock-grower  during  his  lifetime  and  at  the  time  of 
his  death,  in  1886,  was  the  owner  of  400  acres  of  valuable  land  in 
Greene  County.  He  was  a  self-made  man,  having  no  educational 
advantages  except  such  as  were  afforded  by  the  subscription  schools. 
His  success  in  life  was  due  largely  to  his  great  industry  and  unfail- 
ing determination  to  succeed.    In' politics  Mr.  McClure  was  a  Demo- 

34 


644  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

crat,  and  served  as  assessor  and  school  director  in  his  township.  He 
was  united  in  the  holy  bonds  of  matrimony,  February  22, 1838,  with 
Miss  Susan,  daughter  of  Reuben  and  Rebecca  (Johns)  Brown.  Her 
father  was  of  Irish  and  English  origin.  Her  mother  was  of  Welsh 
extraction.  To  Mr,  and  Mrs.  McClure  were  born  twelve  children, 
eleven  of  whom  are  living,  viz:  Owen,  a  farmer;  Mary  J.,  wife  of 
William  Hatfield,  of  Morgan  Township;  William  L.,  a  gold  miner 
in  California;  Reuben  M.,  a  farmer  in  Iowa;  Anna,  Emma,  Isabella, 
wife  of  Charles  Haver;  Miranda,  Minerva,  Josephine,  James  M., 
and  Rebecca  (deceased),  who  was  the  wife  of  Alfred  Jamison.  Their 
mother  is  a  faithful  member  of  the  Goshen  Baptist  Church. 

THOMAS  B.  ROBERTS,  a  farmer  and  stock-grower,  who  was 
born  in  Dunkard  Township,  this  county,  July  9, 1840,  is  a  son  of  David 
and  Mary  (Jamison)  Roberts.  His  parents  were  also  natives  of  this 
township,  and  of  Irish  and  English  extraction.  His  father  was  a 
farmer,  drover  and  stock-grower,  and  spent  his  life  in  Dnnkard 
Township.  Thomas  B.  is  the  youngest  of  a  family  of  four  children, 
and  attended  the  district  schools  of  the  neighborhood.  He  has  dili- 
gently followed  his  occupation  of  farming  and  stock-growing,  and 
owns  sixty  acres  of  good  land  where  he  resides,  near  Davistown, 
Penn.  Mr.  Roberts  was  united  in  marriage  in  this  county,  Novem- 
ber 17,  1863,  with  Miss  Lucretia,  daughter  of  Hiram  and  Elizabeth 
(Hunt)  Stephens,  and  they  have  a  family  of  seven  children,  viz: 
Louisa,  wife  of  M.  Donley;  Mary  A.,  Lucretia  B.,  William  x\lbert, 
Jesse  Jamison,  Pleasant  E.  and  John  M..  Mr.  Roberts  is  a  Republi- 
can, and  has  served  as  school  director  of  his  township.  He  and  Mrs. 
Roberts  are  prominent  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

DAVID  STEELE. — Among  the  representative  farmers  of  Dnnk- 
ard Township  we  mention  David  Steele,  who  was  born  October  16, 
1838.  His  parents,  Jesse  and  Rachel  (Zook)  Steele,  were  natives  of 
Greene  County,  and  of  Dutch  and  Irish  extraction.  They  were  des- 
cendants of  the  earliest  settlers  of  the  county.  David's  father  was 
a  farmer  in  Dunkard  Township,  and  for  many  years  resided  on  the 
farm  which  David  now  owns.  He  reared  a  family  of  eight  children, 
of  whom  David  is  the  fourth.  He  was  reared  on  the  farm  with  his 
parents,  and  attended  the  district  schools.  He  wisely  chose  his  fa- 
ther's occupation,  and  has  met  with  moderate  success.  In  1870 
David  Steele  married  Melissa,  daughter  of  George  Stoops.  Their 
children  are:  George  Lee,  Edward  W.,  Dora  E.,  Alfred  Moss  and 
Jesse.  Mr.  Steele  is  a  Democrat  in  politics,  and  one  of  the  most 
highly  respected  citizens  in  the  township. 

THOMAS  B.  STEELE,  of  Dunkard  Township,  Greene  County, 
Penn.,  was  born  March  1,  1841,  on  the  farm  where  he  now  resides. 
He  is  the  son  of  John  and  Nancy  (Bowen)  Steele,  who  were  natives 
of  Pennsylvania,  and  of  Irish  and   English  ancestry.       His   grand- 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  045 

father,  John  Steele,  who  was  a  farmer  and  drover,  died  in  1862,  hav- 
ing reached  the  advanced  age  of  ninety-four  years.  Tliomas  Steele's 
father  was  born  in  1797  and  lived  to  be  eighty-two  years  of  age.  lie 
was  a  farmer  and  stock-grower,  and  spent  most  of  his  life  in  Dunkard 
Township.  His  family  consisted  of  eleven  children,  who  all  grew  to 
maturity.  Thomas,  the  tenth  child,  was  reared  on  the  home  farm,  at- 
tended the  district  school  and  has  been  an  industrious  farmer  all  his 
ife.  He  was  united  in  marriage,  January  13,1861,  witli  Miss  Rebecca, 
daughter  of  John  Stevenson.  Mrs.  Steele  is  a  native  of  Greene 
County,  and  of  English  and  German  descent.  They  are  the  parents 
of  five  children,  viz.:  John  M.,  Artie  B.,  Sadie  L.,  R.  B.  and  Nannie. 
In  politics  Mr,  Steele  is  a  Democrat.  He  and  wife  are  leading  mem- 
bers of  tlie  Baptist  Church. 

ABRAHAM  STERLING,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  B.  O. 
Greensboro,  Penn.,  was  born  in  Fayette  County,  Penn.,  March  12, 
1837.  His  parents,  Andrew  and  Julia  Ann  (Mosier)  Sterling,  were 
also  natives  of  Fayette  County,  and  of  German  ancestry.  His  father 
spent  his  life  as  a  farmer  and  stock-grower  in  Fayette  County,  and 
reared  a  family  of  six  children.  Abraham  is  the  second  in  the  fam- 
ily. He  chose  farming  as  his  occupation  and  has  engaged  therein 
all  his  life,  with  the  exception  of  the  time  spent  in  building  roads 
and  bridges.  Mr.  Sterling  is  a  natural  mechanic.  He  has  taken 
sevei'al  contracts  for  building  roads  and  bridges,  and  has  always  com- 
pleted his  work  satisfactorily.  Mr.  Sterling  was  united  in  marriage 
in  Greene  County  with  Miss  Jemima,  daughter  of  Asa  Miller,  and 
they  had  one  son — Asa.  Mrs.  Sterling  died  in  1869.  In  politics 
Mr.  Sterlino-  is  a  Democrat.  He  and  his  brother  own  a  fine  farm  of 
280  acres  situated  in  Dunkard  Township. 

JOSEPH  SOUTH,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  who  was  born 
September  5,  1822,  is  a  son  of  Elijah  and  Nancy  (Johnson)  South, 
who  were  natives  of  Greene  County,  and  descendants  of  its  early 
settlers.  Joseph  South's  grandfather,  Elijah  South,  Sr.,  came  from 
New  Jersey  to  Greene  County,  Penn.,  in  the  spring  of  1796.  He 
took  up  a  tract  of  several  hundred  acres  of  land,  a  part  of  which  is 
the  farm  now  owned  by  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  It  contains  108 
acres  of  valuable  land.  The  Souths  have  usually  been  farmers.  In 
1852  Mr.  South  married  Miss  Melissa,  daughter  of  Amos  Wright, 
who  was  of  English  lineage.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  South  have  three  chil- 
dren, viz.:  John  C,  principal  of  Schools  at  Wichita,  Kan.;  Rachel 
M.  and  Dora  Alice.  The  family  are  all  members  of  the  Baptist 
Church,  in  whicli  Mr.  South  takes  an  active  interest,  and  has  served 
as  deacon  and  superintendent  of  the  Sabbath-school. 

REV.  FRANK  SOUTH,  Wiley,  Penn.,  was  born  in  Dunkard 
Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  August  22,  1858.  He  is  a  son  of 
Nichola"S  and  Margaret  (Lucas)  South,  who  were  also  natives  of  tliis 


646  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

county.  His  ancestors  were  among  the  earliest  English  and  Dutch 
settlers  in  this  part  of  the  State,  and  the  history  of  the  family  shows 
them  to  have  been  farmers,  usually,  and  enterprising  people.  The 
subject  of  this  sketch  was  reared  on  the  farm  in  Dunkard  Township, 
and  received  his  early  education  in  the  district  schools.  In  1877  he 
united  with  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  and  was  licensed  to 
preach  in  1884.  He  now  has  charge  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Churches  at  Davistown  and  J^ew  Geneva,  Penn.  Mr.  South  was  on 
the  farm  with  his  parents  until  he  reached  his  majority,  and  has 
since  been  in  the  employ  of  an  oil  company  in  Dunkard  Township, 
and  has  proven  himself  faithful  to  tlie  duties  he  has  assumed.  In 
1886  Mr.  South  was  united  in  the  holy  bonds  of  matrimony  witli 
Miss  Ellen,  daughter  of  Lewis  Dowlin,  who  was  born  in  Cumber- 
land Township,  this  county,  December  1,  1818.  He  was  the  son  of 
John  and  Elizabeth  (Gwynn)  Dowlin,  who  came  from  Bucks  County, 
and  were  of  Scotch  and  English  ancestry.  Ellen  was  the  tenth  in 
their  family,  and  is  a  devoted  member  of  the  J  uaptist  Church, 

L,  G.  VANYOORHIS,  a  farmer  and  stock-grower,  born  in 
Washington  County,  Penn,,  June  2,  1810,  is  a  son  of  Daniel  and 
Mary  (Fry)  Yanvoorhis.  They  were  born  and  reared  in  AVashing- 
ton  County,  and  were  of  German  origin.  His  father,  who  was  a 
contractor  and  builder,  also  dealt  largely  in  live  stock,  and  was  at 
one  time  owner  of  a  grist-mill,  oil-mill  and  saw-mill.  He  died  in 
Washington  County,  Penn.,  leaving  a  family  of  eleven  children,  of 
whom  ten  are  living.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  the  second  child, 
and  was  reared  on  the  home  farm,  where  he  attended  the  common 
schools.  He  has  been  a  farmer  most  of  his  life,  and  has  resided  in 
Greene  County  since  1838.  Mr,  Yanvoorhis  has  met  with  marked 
success  in  his  business.  His  present  farm  consists  of  170  acres  of 
good  land,  and  he  has  given  400  acres  to  his  children.  He  was 
united  in  marriage  in  Washington  County,  November  15,  1832,  with 
Essie,  daughter  of  Luke  and  Mary  (West)  Fry.  Her  parents  were 
natives  of  Washington  County,  and  of  Dutch  extraction.  Mr,  and 
Mrs.  Yanvoorhis  are  the  parents  of  eight  children:  Jane,  wife  of 
Joseph  Poss;  Isaac,  a  wealthy  farmer  and  drover  of  this  county; 
Mary,  wife  of  E.  S.  Taylor;  Minerva  C,  widow  of  John  Long; 
G.  Jerome,  Daniel  F.,  Laura,  and  Dora,  wife  of  Joseph  Call.  Mr, 
and  Mrs.  Yanvoorhis  are  members  of  the  BajDtist  Church,  in  which 
he  has  served  as  deacon  for  a  number  of  years.  He  has  taken  an  ac- 
tive interest  in  the  educational  affairs  of  his  township,  and  has  been 
a  member  of  the  school  board, 

ISAAC  YANYOORHIS,  a  farmer  and  stock-grower  of  Dunk- 
ard township,  was  born  in  Washington  country,  Pennsylvania,  Jan- 
uary 15,  1836,  He  is  the  oldest  son  of  L,  G,  and  Essie  (Fry)  Yan- 
voorhis who  were  also  natives  of  Washington  County,  and  of  German 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  647 

extraction.  His  father,  who  for  many  years  lias  been  a  prominent 
farmer,  is  now  a  resident  of  Greene  County.  Isaac  Yanvoorhis  was 
reared  on  the  farm  in  Dunkard  Township,  where  he  attended  the 
district  schooL  During  his  early  life  he  remained  with  his  parents 
on  the  farm,  where  he  commenced  dealing  in  stock  and  has  since 
spent  most  of  his  time  in  that  business.  He  buys  large  lots  of  cattle 
in  the  Chicago  markets,  ships  them  to  Greene  County  for  pasture 
and  sells  numbers  of  them  to  the  citizens  of  the  county.  Mr.  Van- 
voorhis  has  met  with  great  financial  success  in  the  stock  business, 
and  also  owns  one  of  the  most  valuable  farms  in  Greene  County.  It 
consists  of  about  500  acres  of  land,  on  which  are  good  buildings  and 
improvements.  In  1858  Mr.  Vanvoorhis  married  Miss  Ross,  a 
daughter  of  Bowen  and  Ann  (Gantz)  Ross.  Mrs.  Vanvoorhis  is  a 
native  of  this  county,  and  is  of  German  and  Irish  origin.  Their 
children  are — Anna,  wife  of  E.  J.  Moore;  Martin,  Cora,  Charles  R. 
and  A.  L.  (deceased).  Mrs.  Vanvoorhis  is  a  faithful  member  of  the 
Baptist  Church,  iter  husband  is  a  Republican  in  politics,  and  has 
served  on  the  school  board  of  his  township. 


FRANKLIN  TOWNSHIP  AND   WAYNES- 
BURG   BOROUGH 

THOMAS  ADAMSON,  retired  farmer  and  stock-growler,  was 
born  in  Morgan  Township,  Greene  County,  Fenn.,  November  9, 
1819.  Ilis  parents  were  Charles  and  Sarah  (Hatfield)  Adamson, 
natives  of  this  county,  and  of  Irish  and  English  extraction.  The 
Adamson  family  came  to  America  many  years  ago,  and  four  brothers 
settled  in  Bucks  County,  Penn.,  where  they  engaged  in  farming. 
They  were  all  members  of  the  Society  of  Friends.  One  of  these 
brothers  was  the  grandfather  of  Thomas  Adamson,-  also  named 
Thomas,  who  came  to  Greene  County  among  the  early  settlers.  He 
died  on  the  farm  where  Charles  Adamson,  who  died  in  1868,  was 
born  and  raised.  Thomas  is  one  of  a  family  of  eight  children,  only 
four  of  whom  are  now  living.  Early  in  life  he  learned  the  carpen- 
ter's trade,  which  he  followed  for  six  years,  then  engaged  in  farming. 
In  1845  Mr.  Adamson  had  saved  enough  money,  through  industry 
and  economy,  to  enable  him  to  buy  the  farm  of  120  acres  where  he 
and  family  reside.  He  has  at  different  times  added  to  that  purchase 
until  he  now  owns  220  acres  of  well-improved  land.     He  was  united 


648  HISTORY  OF  greene  county. 

in  marriage,  in  1843,  witli  Sarah,  daughter  of  John  Hoge,  and  they 
are  the  parents  of  four  children — Caroline,  wife  of  Freeman  Smith; 
Mary,  M'ife  of  B.  F.  Bell ;  Stephen  0.  and  John  H.  Mrs.  Adamson 
died  in  1874.  The  following  year  Mr.  Adamson  married  Elizabeth 
Hoge,  a  cousin  of  his  first  wife.  In  politics  Mr.  Adamson  is  a 
Democrat. 

CYRUS  ADAMSON,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  who  was  born  in 
Greene  County,  Penn.,  April  19,  1826,  is  a  son  of  James  and  Mar- 
garet (Smith)  Adamson.  His  parents  were  natives  of  this  county, 
and  of  English  lineage.  His  father  was  an  industrious  and  success- 
ful farmer  through  life.  Of  his  ten  children,  Cyrus  is  the  eighth. 
Having  been  reared  on  the  farm,  he  naturally  took  to  the  occupation 
of  farming,  in  which  he  has  met  with  success.  His  farm  near  Waynes- 
burg,  Penn.,  contains  224  acres  of  valuable  land.  Mr.  Adamson  was 
united  in  the  holy  bonds  of  matrimony,  in  February  of  1851,  with 
Esther,  daughter  of  John  Hoge.  Her  ancestors  were  among  the 
earliest  settlers  of  the  county.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Adamson  have  been 
born  four  children — Margaret  M.,  John  F.,  James  M.  and  Albert  T. 
John  F.,  the  oldest  son,  married  Margaret,  daughter  of  Neal  Zollars, 
and  they  have  two  children — Harry  N.  and  Howard  C.  Cyrus  Adam- 
son is  a  Democrat.  His  wife  is  a  zealous  member  of  the  Baptist 
Church. 

J.  P.  ALLUM,  proprietor  of  the  Allum  House,  Waynesburg, 
Penn.,  was  born  in  Richhill  Township,  this  county,  February  2, 1842, 
and  is  a  son  of  James  and  Eveline  (Gregory)  Allum.  His  father, 
who  was  a  farmer,  was  killed  by  a  thi-esliing  machine,  February  14, 
1850.  Of  a  family  of  ten  children,  Mr.  J.  P.  Allum  was  the  lifth. 
He  was  reared  on  the  farm  in  Richhill  Township,  where  he  attended 
the  common  schools.  In  1861  he  enlisted  in  Company  B,  First  West 
Virginia  Cavalry,  as  a  private.  He  was  promoted  to  Second  Lieuten- 
ant and  served  during  the  whole  of  the  war,  being  enlisted  a  part  of 
the  time  under  the  famous  Gen.  Custer.  Mr.  Allum  was  present  at 
the  sunender  of  Gen.  Lee  to  Gen.  Grant,  April  9,  1865.  In  1877 
he  came  to  Waynesburg,  where  he  opened  a  hotel.  He  is  a  man  well 
qualified  for  the  business  he  has  chosen.  He  was  married  in  1866 
to  Miss  Jennie  E..,  daughter  of  William  Carroll.  Mrs.  Allum  is  a 
native  of  Greene  County,  and  of  German  extraction.  They  have 
but  one  child  living — Anna.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Allum  are  members  of 
the  Disciple  Church.  Mr.  Allum,  who  is  a  Democrat,  served  as 
jury  commissioner  from  1886  to  1888,  and  served  in  the  council  of 
Waynesburg  one  term.     He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 

A.  I.  ANKROM,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  Waynesburg,  Penn., 
was  born  on  the  farm  where  he  resides,  April  21, 1833,  and  is  a  son 
of  Joseph  and  Charlotte  (Rinehart)  Ankrom.  His  father  was  born 
in  this  county  in  1807,  and  is  now  a  resident  of  Franklin  Township. 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  649 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  the  oldest  of  a  family  of  four  children. 
He  received  a  good  English  education  in  his  native  township,  and 
was  a  successful  teacher  for  a  number  of  years.  In  later  life  Mr. 
Ankrom  devoted  his  time  wholly  to  farming  and  stock-growing,  and 
is  one  of  the  prosperous  citizens  of  his  township.  In  1856  he  mar- 
ried Miss  Margaret,  daughter  of  Abner  and  Eliza  (Murdock)  For- 
dyce,  who  is  a  devoted  member  of  the  Methodist  Protestant  Church. 
Her  parents  were  natives  of  Greene  County,  and  of  Scotch-Irish  ex- 
traction. To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ankrom  have  been  born  four  daughters, 
viz:  R.  Anna,  Charlotte  E.,  Emma  L.  and  Jennie  Leona.  In  politics 
Mr.  Ankrom  is  a  Republican,  and  has  served  one  term  as  United 
States  Store-keeper.  In  early  life  he  was  an  active  member  of  the 
I.  O.  O.  F. 

H.  B.  AXTELL,  attorney  at  law,  Waynesburg,  Penn.,  was  born 
in  Morris  Township,  Washington  County,  May  28,  1844.  His 
parents,  Zenas  and  Asenath  (Patterson)  iVxteli,  were  also  natives  of 
Washington  County,  where  they  were  married.  On  April  1,  1852, 
they  moved  to  Morris  Township,  Greene  County,  where  Mr.  Axtell, 
who  was  born  May  25,  1812,  departed  this  life  May  25, 1844.  Mrs. 
Axtell,  who  was  born  June  4,  1818,  resides  on  the  old  homestead  in 
Morris  Township.  They  were  the  parents  of  six  children,  five  of 
whom  are  living,  and  all  reside  in  this  county.  H.  B.  Axtell,  Esq., 
the  second  in  the  family,  was  united  in  marriage,  April  2, 1879,  with 
Miss  Maggie  Worley,  who  was  born  in  Wayne  Township,  this  county. 
Her  parents  were  David  A.  and  Minerva  (Inghram)  Worley,  both 
deceased.  H.  B.  Axtell  acquired  his  education  in  the  common 
schools  and  Waynesburg  College.  He  remained  on  the  farm  with 
his  parents  until  twenty-one  years  of  age,  then  engaged  in  teaching 
for  a  period  of  ten  years.  In  1874  he  began  the  study  of  law  with 
Messrs.  Donley  and  Inghram,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Octo- 
ber, 1876.  He  commenced  the  practice  of  his  chosen  profession  at 
Waynesburg  in  1877,  and  since  1878  has  been  in  partnership  with 
J.  W.  Ray,  Esq.     In  politics  he  is  a  Republican. 

AVILLIAM  H.  BARB,  attorney  at  law,  was  born  in  Monongalia 
County,  W.  Ya.,  September  28,  1850,  and  is  a  son  of  Gideon  and 
Sarah  (Webb)  Barb.  His  parents  were  natives  of  Yirgfnia,  and  of 
German  and  English  extraction.  His  father  was  a  farmer  all  his 
life,  and  died  February  5,  1885.  Of  his  family  of  nine  children,  W. 
H.  Barb  is  the  sixth.  He  was  reared  on  the  farm,  where  he  attended 
the  district  school.  In  1866  his  parents  moved  to  Greene  County, 
and  Mr.  Barb  entered  Waynesburg  College.  At  the  age  of  eighteen 
he  began  teaching,  and  thns  was  enabled  to  pay  his  own  expenses 
through  school.  He  began  the  study  of  law  with  Messrs.  Wyly  and 
Buchanan,  and  completed  his  studies  in  the  office  of  Messrs.  Donley 
and    Inghram.       Mr.    Barb   was  admitted    to    the   bar  October  1, 


650  HISTORY    O:^'    GREENE    COUNTY. 

1877,  and  has  since  devoted  his  entire  time  to  the  practice  of  his 
profession.  He  is  a  Democrat  in  politics,  and  was  elected  District 
Attorney  in  1881,  holding  the  office  for  a  period  of  three  years.  He 
has  also  been  for  several  3'ears  an  efficient  member  of  the  school  board 
of  Waynesbnrg.  On  May  9,  1877,  Mr.  Barb  married  Miss  Uuena 
Vista,  daughter  of  P.  A.  Myers,  Esq.,  of  Greene  Township,  this 
comity,  where  Mrs.  Barb  was  born.  They  have  two  children — James 
A.  and  Frank. 

JASON  M.  BELL,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  Waynesbnrg,  Penn., 
was  born  io  Morris  Township,  Greene  County,  Pennsylvania,  May 
21,  1807.  He  is  a  son  of  Jason  and  Sallie  (Noel)  Bell,  who  were 
natives  of  Winchester,  Virginia,  and  of  English  descent.  His  father, 
who  was  a  farmer,  came  to  Greene  County  in  1795  and  settled  in 
Franklin  Township.  He  reared  a  family  of  eight  children — four 
sons  and  four  daughters.  Jason  was  reared  on  the  home  farm  in 
Morris  Township.  He  has  successfully  followed  the  occupation  of 
farming  through  life.  Mr.  IjcII  was  united  in  marriage,  in  1833, 
with  Cassandra,  daughter  of  William  Inghram,  and  they  are  the 
parents  of  five  children— Thomas,  Eliza,  Maria,  Alice  and  ILirriet. 
In  politics  Mr.  Bell  is  a  Republican.  He  is  one  of  the  oldest  and 
most  highly  respected  citizens  of  this  township. 

DR.  STEPHEN  L.  BLACHLY,  so  remarkable  for  his  medical 
qualiticcitions,  was  born  in  Sparta,  Washington  County,  Penn.,  De- 
cember 11,.  1815,  and  has  spent  all  his  professional  life  in  the  locality 
where  his  father  so  long  wore  the  wreath  of  medical  honor.  Having 
completed  his  preparatory  education  in  Washington  College,  in  his 
native  county,  he  read  medicine  under  the  direction  of  his  father, 
and  afterwards  entered  Jefferson  Medical  College,  at  Philadelphia, 
from  which  he  received  his  degree.  He  was  associated  with  his 
father  in  the  practice  of  his  profession  until  the  death  of  the  latter, 
in  1849,  practiced  alone  until  1877,  and  since  that  time  has  as- 
sociated with  him  his  son.  Dr.  Oliver  L.  Blachly.  Dr.  S.  L.  Blachly 
is  one  of  the  oldest  pi-actitioners  in  the. county,  and  one  of  the  oldest 
members  of  the  Washington  County  Medical  Society,  of  which  he 
has  been  President  at  various  times.  He  is  a  member  of  the  State 
Medical  Society  of  Pennsylvania,  of  which  he  was  elected  first  Vice- 
President  in  1873,  and  by  which  he  was  appointed  Censor  for  the 
eighth  district  in  1874,  which  position  he  has  held  by  annual  ap- 
pointment ever  since.  His  intelligent  discharge  of  his  professional 
duties  has  secured  for  him  the  confidence  of  his  neighbors  and  good 
will  of  his  professional  brethren.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the 
Upper  Ten- Mile  Presbyterian  Church  for  over  forty  years,  and  has 
been  an  elder  for  twenty-five  years.  Dr.  Blachly  was  married,' Jan- 
uary 9,  1840,  to  Sarah,  daughter  of  Benjamin  Lindley,  a  descendant 
of  Francis  Lindley  who  came  with  his  Puritan  brethren  from  Hoi- 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  651 

laud  ill  the  Mayflower.  By  this  marriage  there  were  five  children, 
two  of  whom  died  in  infancy.  Those  living  are — Mary  Minerva, 
wife  of  Stephen  Day,  a  merchant  in  Sparta,  Penn.;  Dr.  Oliver  L. 
and  Henry  Spencer,  a  druggist  of  Wayuesburg,  who  was  born  in 
Washington  County,  Penn.,  July  7,  1850.  There  he  was  reared  and 
attended  school,  and  subsequently  attended  Waynesburg  College, 
When  in  the  senior  year  of  his  college  studies  he  abandoned  his  study 
and  embarked  in  the  drug  business,  in  1870,  in  Waynesburg,  where 
he  is  one  of  the  leading  business  men.  He  was  united  in  marriage, 
in  1885,  with  Helena,  daughter  of  Samuel  Melvin  (deceased),  and 
they  have  one  child,  Stephen  S.  Blachly. 

HOiS^.  C.  A.  BLACK,  attorney  and  counsellor  at  law,  was  born 
in  Greene  County,  Penn.,  February  6,  1808.  His  parents,  Jacob 
and  Margaret  (Grinstaff)  Black,  were  natives  of  Virginia,  of  English 
and  German  ancestry,  and  among  the  first  settlers  of  Greene  County, 
Penn.  They  reared  a  family  of  twelve  children.  The  subject  of 
our  sketch  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  acquired  his  education  in  the 
common  schools  of  the  county.  Very  early  in  life  he  commenced 
reading  law  in  the  office  of  Enos  Hook,  and  completed  his  study  in 
the  office  of  Samuel  Cleavenger,  after  which  he  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  his  chosen  profession.  In  1842  he  was  elected  State 
senator  and  served  six  years.  He  filled  the  oftice  of  secretary  of 
the  commonwealth  under  Governor  Bigler,  and  served  as  the  first 
State  superintendent  of  public  schools  of  Pennsylvania.  Mr.  Black 
has  been  a  successful  practitioner  and  has  enjoyed  an  extensive 
jjractice.  In  1872  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  constitutional 
convention  at  Philadelphia,  Penn.  In  1844,  Mi-.  Black  married 
Miss  Maria,  daughter  of  William  Allison.  Their  union  was  blessed 
with  two  children — Mary,  wife  of  Hon.  James  Tnghram,  and  Albert 
of  Washington,  D.  C.  Mrs.  Black  departed  this  life  in  1871.  She 
was  the  idol  of  her  family,  and  a  general  favorite  among  a  large 
circle  of  acquaintances.  She  was  a  Christian  of  deep  and  earnest 
religious  convictions,  and  a  member  of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian 
Church. 

WILLIAM  BLAIR,  county  commissioner  of  Greene  County, 
Penn.,  was  born  in  Franklin  Township,  March  7,  1839.  He  is  a  son 
of  John  and  Margaret  (Orndofi")  Blair,  who  were  natives  of  this  coun- 
ty, and  of  English  descent.  The  Blairs,  who  were  among  the  earliest 
settlers  of  the  county,  came  from  New  Jersey  and  settled  in  Frank- 
lin Township.  William  Blair's  father  engaged  in  the  business  of 
stone-masonry  for  many  years.  His  grandfather,  W.  J.  Orndoff, 
was  a  soldier  in  the  revolutionary  war.  The  farm  of  125  acres, 
where  William  resides,  has  been  in  the  possession  of  the  family  for 
more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century.  In  18G1  Mr.  Blair  married  Cath- 
arine, daughter  of  John  T.  Hook,  and  sister  of  W.  A.  Hook,  an  at- 


652  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

torney  at  Waynesbiirg.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Blair  are  the  parents  of  seven 
children — F.  L.,  Jesse,  Agnes,  Lizzie,  John  C,  Maggie  and  Ida  H. 
Tliree  of  their  children  belong  to  the  Disciple  Church,  of  which 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Blair  are  prominent  members.  He  has  served  as 
deacon  for  fifteen  years  and  as  Sabbath- school  superintendent  for 
twenty  years.  Mr.  Blair  is  a  Democrat  and  a  member  of  the  1.  O. 
O.  F.  He  takes  an  active  interest  in  the  edncation  of  his  children, 
and  has  served  two  terms  as  school  director. 

JAMES  BOYD,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  Waynesburg,  Bonn., 
was  born  on  Ruft's  Creek,  March  12,  1850.  His  parents,  James  and 
Martha  (Camp)  Boyd,  were  natives  of  this  county,  and  of  German 
origin.  James  is  the  fifth  in  a  family  of  nine  children,  eight  of  whom 
grew  to  maturity.  He  was  reared  on  the  home  farm,  attending  the 
district  school,  and  has  engaged  in  farming  as  his  chief  occupation. 
Ffe  is  the  owner  of  a  fine  farm  of  120  acres  where  he  resides  in 
Franklin  Township.  In  1874  Mr.  Boyd  was  united  in  marriage  with 
Miss  Anna,  daughter  of  Abraham  and  Harriet  (Watsonj  Arnold, 
and  they  have  an  interesting  family  of  five  children — Gertrude, 
Wilbert,  Seymonr,  Emery  and  Martha.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Boyd  are 
prominent  members  of  the  Baptist  Church. 

It.  E.  BROCK,  M.  1).,  read  medicine  with  his  cousins,  Drs. 
Hugh  W.  and  Luther  S.  Brock,  at  Morgantown,  AV.  Va.  Graduated 
at  Jefiferson  Medical  College,  Philadelphia,  Marcli  3,  '79.  Has 
been  engaged  in  continuous  practice  at  Waynesburg,  Penn.,  since 
that  time. 

C.  E.  BOWER,  superintendent  of  the  W.  <fe  W.  Railroad,  was 
born  at  Fredericktown,  Washington  County,  l*enn.,  x\pril  11,  1849. 
He  is  a  son  of  Charles  W.  and  Charlotte  (Hook)  Bower,  natives  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  of  German  descent.  His  father  was  a  steam  en- 
gineer, and  died  in  Waynesburg  in  1885.  The  subject  of  our  sketch 
was  reared  in  Waynesburg,  where  he  attended  the  college.  During 
the  war  he  and  his  father  were  engineers  on  a  United  States 
steamer  in  the  Government  service  on  the  Tennessee  River.  At 
the  close  of  the  war  C.  E.  went  into  the  oil  business  in  Dunkard 
Township.  He  subsequently  engaged  in  the  iron  business  at  Waynes- 
burg, where  he  still  owns  one-half  interest  in  the  foundry.  In  1872 
Mr.  Bower  was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Josephine,  daughter 
of  Godfrey_Gia:dpii,  and  they  are  the  parents  of  two  childern — Gerome 
and  Oliver.  He  has  been  superintendent  of  the  W.  &  W.  R.  R. 
since  1881. 

JAMES  A.  J.  BUCHANAN,  attorney  at  law,  was  born  in  Greene 
County,  Penn.,  Februarys,  1824,  and  is  a  son  of  Andrew  and  Rhoda 
(Stephenson)  Buchanan.  His  mother  was  born  in  New  Jersey  and 
his  father  in  Chester  County,  Penn.  They  were  of  Scotch-Irish  ex- 
traction.    His    father,    who    was    a    prominent    attorney,    came    to 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  653 

Waynesburg  in  1803,  where  lie  practiced  law  uutil  his  death  in 
1848.  In  1882  and  '33  he  was  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature; 
and  from  1836  to  1839  he  served  as  a  member  of  Cono-ress.  He 
served  as  county  commissioner  of  Greene  County  when  he  received 
tifteen  dollars  for  his  services.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  next 
to  the  youngest  in  a  family  of  eleven  children.  He  was  educated  in 
the  Greene  Academy  at  Carmichaels  and  at  Washino-ton  CoUeire. 
At  the  age  ot  twenty  he  commenced  the  study  of  law  in  his  father's 
office,  and  in  1845  was  admitted  to  the  Greene  County  bar.  In 
1855  he  was  admitted  to  practice  in  the  Supreme  Courts  of  Pennsyl- 
vania. Mr.  Buchanan,  who  is  a  Democrat,  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O. 
O.  F.,  and  a  Sir  Knight  Templar  in  the  Masonic  fraternity.  He 
was  married  in  this  countj^  to  Miss  Mary  A.,  daughter  of  Daniel 
Boner.  Mrs.  Buchanan  is  of  Scotch  origin.  Of  their  six  children 
only  two  are  living — Harriet,  wife  of  William  T.  Lantz,  cashier  of 
the  Farmers'  and  Drovers'  Bank  of  Waynesburg;  and  Mary  A.,  wife 
of  Daniel  S.  Walton,  Esq.,  attorney  at  law  of  Waynesburg. 
'  HARVEY  CALL,  merchant,  Waynesburg,  Penn.,  was  born  in 
Oak  Forest,  Center  Township,  and  is  the  son  of  James  and  Martha 
Call.  His  mother  was  born  in  Ohio  and  his  father  in  Pennsylvania. 
They  were  of  German  and  Irish  descent.  His  father  was  a  farmer 
and  merchant  in  early  life,  and  kept  a  general  store  at  Oak  Forest. 
Mr.  Call  is  the  oldest  in  a  family  of  six  children.  He  was  reared 
on  the  farm,  attended  the  district  schools,  and  farmed  until  he  was 
twenty^-one  years  old.  In  1872  he  began  clerking  in  a  store,  and  in 
1873  \vent  to  Fairbury,  111.,  where  he  was  employed  as  a  salesman 
until  1875.  He  then  returned  to  his  native  county  and  was  again 
employed  as  a  clerk  in  Waynesburg  for  a  short  time,  and  then  en- 
gaged in  the  mercantile  business  for  himself  in  the  year  1876,  and 
has  since  been  very  successful.  In  1875  j\Ir.  Call  married  Martha 
A.,  daughter  of  Captain  John  Morris,  of  Rogersville,  Penn.  They 
have  one  child — Clyde  Morris  Call.  Mr.  Call  is  a  Eepublican.  His 
wife  is  a  lAember  of  the  Disciple  Church. 

JOHN  CALL,  agent  for  mill  works,  was  born  in  Oak  Forest, 
Greene  County,  Penn.,  September  21,  1833.  He  is  a  son  of  James 
and  Sarah  (Hoge)  Call,  also  natives  of  this  county,  and  of  Scotch 
lineage.  His  father  was  a  farmer  and  miller.  He  owned  and 
operated  a  mill  at  Oak  Forest  for  over  forty  years.  He  died  in 
1872.  His  family  consisted  of  eight  children,  of  whom  the  subject 
of  our  sketch  is  next  to  the  youngest.  He  was  reared  at  Oak  Forest, 
attended  the  common  school,  and  early  in  lite  learned  the  millei's 
trade  with  his  father;  in  1851  commenced  working  at  millwrighting; 
in  1875  commenced  contracting  and  building  in  Waynesburg,  fol- 
lowed that  business  for  eight  years,  during  which  time  built  the  jail 
and  sheriff's  house.     He  afterwards  learned  the  new  milling  process, 


654:  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

and  contracts  for  and  builds  roller  mills.  He  also  takes  contracts 
for  otlier  buildings.  Since  1884  he  has  been  engaged  with  the  Roller 
Mill  Company  of  Waynesburg.  In  1855  Mr.  Call  married  Miss 
Elizabeth,  daughter  of  William  Fry.  Mrs.  Call  was  born  in  Center 
Township,  this  county,  and  is  of  German  origin.  They  have  four 
children,  viz:  William  W.,  Mattie  E.  (deceased.),  Emma  S.  and  La- 
fayette G.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Call  are  members  of  the  Baptist  Church. 
He  moved  to  Waynesburg  in  the  year  1871. 

G.  W.  CHAPMAN,  of  the  firm  of  Lemley  &  Chapman,  livery- 
men, Waynesburg,  Penn.,  was  born  in  Greene  Count}',  Penn.,  July 
15,  1851,  and  is  a  son  of  John  and  Sarah  (Lemley)  Chapman,  His 
parents  were  also  natives  of  this  county,  and  of  English  lineage. 
His  father  was  a  farmer  and  engineer  by  occupation.  The  subject 
of  our  sketch  is  the  oldest  in  a  family  of  four  children.  He  was 
reared  in  his  native  county  and  received  his  education  in  the  district 
schools.  He  started  out  in  life  working  by  the  month  as  a  farm 
hand,  and  subsequently  worked  at  the  blacksmith's  trade  in  Waynes- 
burg for  a  time.  Mr.  Chapman  then  bought  a  team  and  engaged  in 
hauling  and  farming  until  1887,  when  he  began  the  livery  business 
in  partnership  with  his  uncle.  He  was  united  in  marriage  in  1880 
with  Lucinda,  daughter  of  James  Bradford.  Mrs.  Chapman  is  a 
native  of  Greene  County  and  of  English  extraction.  Their  children 
are— Hattie  E.  and  Emma  L.  Mr.  Chapman  is  a  Democrat.  He 
and  wife  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

A.  L  COOKE,  agent  for  the  Adams  Express  Company,  was  born 
in  Waynesburg  May  7,  1853.  He  is  a  son  of  Joseph  and  Sarah 
(Bowman)  Cooke,  the  former  a  native  of  New  Jersey  and  the  lattei- 
of  Pennsylvania.  His  father,  a  journalist  by  profession,  was  engaged 
in  the  newspaper  business  in  New  Jersey,  and  after  coming  to 
Pennsylvania  was  an  editor  until  the  breaking  out  of  the  war.  He 
was  the  owner  of  the  Commonioealth,  a  paper  published  at  Washing- 
ton, Penn.  In  1853  he  came  to  Waynesburg,  where  he  edited  and 
published  the  Eagle^  wliich  paper  subsequently  merged  into  the 
Rcpuhlican.  At  the  breaking  out  of  the  Rebellion  Mr.  Cooke 
promptly  enlisted  in  Company  A,  Eigliteenth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry, 
and  was  elected  Commissary  Sergeant  of  his  company.  He  was 
wounded  three  times,  was  taken  prisoner,  and  suffered  all  the  horrors 
of  Andersonville  and  Libby  prisons.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he 
was  discharged  and  returned  to  Waynesburg,  where  he  was  appointed 
postmaster,  and  held  tlie  position  for  twenty  years.  He  is  now  liv- 
ing a  retired  life  in  Waynesburg.  His  family  consists  of  six  chil- 
dren, four  of  whom  are  now  living.  They  are  George  A.  B.,  an 
editor  at  Three  Rivers,  Mich.;  Mary  A.',  widow  of  Charles  B,  Brad- 
ley; Henry,  a  soldier  killed  in  the  battle  of  Winchester;  Winfield 
Scott,  Leslie  (deceased),  and  A.  I.     All  the  sons,   except  A.   I.  and 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  655 

Leslie,  served  as  privates  in  the  Union  armj.  The  subject  of  tliis 
sketch,  Mr.  A.  I.  Cooke,  was  assistant  postmaster  in  AVajaiesburg 
for  twenty-one  years.  Since  1874  he  has  been  express  agent,  and  is 
now  running  a  freight  and  omnibus  line  at  AVaynesburg.  lie  was 
married  in  1875  to  Arabella  Blackmore  Adams,  a  daughter  of  Major 
Dawson  Adams.  Mrs.  Cooke  was  born  in  Waynesburg.  Her  father 
was  a  tanner  by  trade,  and  was  of  English  extraction.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Cooke's  children  are  Sallie  A.,  llobert  A.  and  Jessie  B.  Mr.  Cooke 
Cooke  is  a  Republican,  and  is  a  prominent  member  of  the  I.  O.  O. 
F,,  in  which  order  he  has  taken  many  degrees.  He  is  also  a  mem- 
ber of  Encampment  No.  119. 

JACOB  COLE,  ex-county  commissioner,  farmer  and  stock- 
grower,  was  born  in  Morris  Township,  Greene  County,  Benn.,  Oc- 
tober 28,  1823.  He  is  a  son  of  John  T.  and  Mary  (Crodinger)  Cole, 
who  were  of  English  and  Dutch  extraction.  They  came  to  Greene 
County  and  settled  in  Morris  Township  in  1815,  on  a  farm  near 
Nineveh,  resided  there  until  1835,  then  removed  to  AVayne  Town- 
ship, and  spent  the  balance  of  their  lives.  Five  of  their  eight  chil- 
dren grew  to  maturity,  and  all  reside  in  this  county.  Jacob,  the 
fourth  member  of  the  family,  was  from  his  youth  engaged  in  agri- 
cultural pursuits.  He  attended  the  common  school,  and  subsequently 
bought  a  farm  in  AYayne  Township  and  engaged  in  farming  and 
stock-raising.  His  farm  in  Franklin  Township  contains  100  acres. 
In  1879  Mr.  Cole  retired  from  the  active  work  of  the  farm,  and  has 
since  resided  in  AV^aynesburg.  The  same  year  he  was  elected  county 
commissioner  and  served  one  term.  In  1845  he  was  united  in  mar- 
riage with  Frances,  daughter  of  Abraham  and  Mary  (Hamilton) 
Tustin.  The  marriage  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cole  has  been  blessed  with 
eight  children,  seven  of  whom  grew  to  maturity — Mary  J.,  deceased, 
who  was  the  wife  of  Israel  Shriver;  Isaac  S.,  a  farmer;  Elizabeth, 
wife  of  Jesse  Knight;  Caroline,  wife  of  Miner  Carpenter;  J.  T., 
Abijah  and  AVilliam.  In  politics  Mr.  Cole  is  a  Democrat.  He  is 
ever  interested  in  school  affairs,  and  has  been  school  director  in  his 
township.  He  took  an  active  interest  in  the  Granger  movement, 
and  served  as  treasurer  of  the  society  for  several  years  in  AVayne 
Township. 

DAVID  CRAAVFORD,  deceased,  was  one  of  the  prominent  at- 
torneys of  AV^aynesburg,  where  he  practiced  his  chosen  profession  for 
many  years.  He  was  born  in  Greensboro,  Greene  County,  Benn., 
June  18,  1825,  and  w^as  a  son  of  David  Crawford,  one  of  the  early 
settlers  of  the  county.  Mr.  Crawford  was  the  only  son  in  a  large 
family,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death,  which  occurred  in  March,  188(3, 
he  had  but  three  sisters  living,  viz.,  Mrs.  Margaret  Hager,  of  Rock- 
ford,  Illinois;  Mrs.  Mary  Ban-ickman,  of  A^irginia;  and  Mrs.  Dr. 
James  AVay,  of  AA^aynesburg.     Mr.  Crawford's  earlier  education  was 


656  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

acquired  in  the  rude  log  school-houses  of  Greene  County.  When 
twelve  years  of  age  he  was*  employed  to  carry  the  Waynesburg  Mes- 
senger, and  in  1841  he  walked  to  Wheeling,  W.  Va.  After  arriving 
in  that  city  he  worked  in  a  chair  factory  for  some  time,  then  re- 
turned to  Waynesburg  and  went  to  work  in  a  saddle  and  harness 
shop  kept  by  Amos  Cleavenger.  He  improved  all  his  leisure  lionrs 
in  study  and  his  industry  attracted  the  attention  of  Hon.  Jesse 
Lazear,  who  was  one  of  the  prominent  men  of  Waynesburg  and 
cashier  of  the  Farmers"'  and  Drovers'  Bank.  Mr.  Lazear  gave  him  a 
position  as  clerk  in  the  bank,  and  as  all  his  time  was  not  taken  up 
with  his  duties  there,  he  was  enabled  to  attend  Waynesburg  College 
at  the  same  time.  He  took  an  active  interest  in  the  literary  society 
of  which  he  was  a  member,  and  was  debater  for  the  Union  society  in 
its  first  contest  with  the  Philoraathean,  in  1852.  His  opponent  in 
this  contest  was  Lorenzo  Danford,  who  was  afterwards  elected  mem- 
ber of  Congress  from  Ohio.  After  Mr.  Crawford  had  finished  his 
education  he  read  law  in  the  office  of  John  C.  Flenniken,  and  was 
admitted  to  practice  in  1853.  He  practiced  law  until  he  received 
the  appointment  of  chief  clerk  of  the  Indian  Bureau  at  Washington, 
D.  C,  which  office  he  held  during  the  administration  of  Pierce  and 
Buchanan.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Commission  and  was 
sent  to  conclude  a  treaty  with  the  Chippewas.  He  succeeded  in 
settling  without  war,  and  so  attracted  the  fancy  of  an  Indian  chief 
that  he  presented  him  with  a  saddle  and  bridle  handsomely  or- 
namented with  beads  and  trinkets.  After  the  expiration  of  his  terra 
of  office,  Mr.  Crawford  resumed  his  law  practice  and  succeeded  in  ac- 
cumulating a  fair  share  of  this  world's  goods.  He  served  as  cashier 
of  the  Farmers'  and  Drovers'  Bank  for  a  period  of  twelve  years. 
Mr.  Crawford  took  an  active  interest  in  the  Democratic  party  in 
Pennsylvania  and  other  States.  He  was  a  useful  member  in  the 
Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church,  and  a  strong  advocate  of 
temperance.  He  was  united  in  marriage,  February  5,  1857,  with 
Miss  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Major  Remembrance  H.  Lindsey. 

A.  G.  CROSS,  physician  and  surgeon,  was  born  at  Waynesburg, 
Greene  County,  Penn.,  July  23,  1823.  He  is  a  son  of  Robert  and 
Mary  (Syphers)  Cross,  natives  of  this  State.  His  father  was  among 
the  early  settlers  of  this  county.  Dr.  Cross  was  the  youngest  in  a 
family  of  thirteen  children.  He  was  reared  on  the  farm  near 
Waynesburg  and  received  his  literary  education  in  Waynesburg 
College.  He  studied  medicine  under  Dr.  Inghram  of  Waynesburg, 
and  began  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  1857.  The  Doctor 'has 
had  quite  an  extensive  practice  and  is  one  of  the  oldest  physicians  in 
Waynesburg.  He  has  also  written  considerably  for  the  press.  His 
writings,  which  have  been  mostly  on  theological  sul)jects  and  open 
letters  to  Robert  G.  Ingersoll,  have  been  widely  read  and  extensively 


HISTORY    OF    GEEP:NE    COUNTY.  657 

copied.  In  1848  Dr.  Cross  married  Miss  Harriet,  daughter  of 
Jesse  Rinehart,  and  they  have  a  family  of  five  children — Wilber  F., 
Robert  I.,  Jesse  R.,  Marietta  and  Walter  L.  The  Doctor  and  wife 
are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  in  which  he  has 
served  as  local  preacher,  class  leader,  steward,  trustee  and  superin- 
tendant  of  the  Sabbath  school.  He  is  a  Democrat,  and  served  one 
term  as  county  treasurer.  He  is  a  Sir  Knight  Templar  in  the  Ma- 
sonic Fraternity. 

WILLIAM  G.  W.  DAY  was  born  in  Waynesburg,  this  county, 
the  28th  day  of  January,  1828,  in  a  log  house  that  stood  on  the  lot 
adjoining  the  ground  on  which  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church 
now  stands.  His  father  was  Aaron  D.  D&y,  once  well  known  in  the 
county.  He  was  a  brick-maker  by  trade,  cai-ried  on  the  business  for 
many  years,  and  many  buildings,  public  and  private,  stand  as  monu- 
ments to  his  skill  and  industry.  He  was  born  in  New  Jersey  and 
came  to  Pennsylvania,  with  his  father,  when  a  small  boy  and  settled 
wiih  the  family  in  Morris  Township,  Washington  County,  and  died 
in  Waynesburg  in  June,  1863,  aged  seventy-live  yearsi  The  pater- 
nal grandfather  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  whose  name  was  Moses 
Day,  was  born  in  Wales,  and  was  a  soldier  in  the  Revolutionary  war, 
serving  seven  years,  lacking  three  months,  when  at  home  on  a  fur- 
lough on  account  of  a  wound  received  at  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill. 
The  subject  of  this  notice  spent  his  early  life  in  the  country  home, 
where  he  attended  the  subscription  school  three  months  in  the  year, 
and  later  on  was  a  student  at  Waynesburg  College  a  part  of  two  ses- 
sions; but  bad  health  compelled  him  to  abandon  study  and  gave  up 
his  purpose  of  a  college  course  and  pursue  a  different  life  for  the 
time.  His  first  active  business  in  life  was  in  riding  as  constable  for 
over  two  years,  being  re-elected  to  the  office.  He  was  among  the 
first  officers  appointed  under  the  Internal  Revenue  law,  holding  the 
position  of  storekeeper  and  ganger  for  about  three  years,  having  re- 
ceived his  appointment  in  the  winter  of  1866.  After  this  he  was 
twice  elected  a  member  of  the  Town  Council  of  the  borough  of 
Waynesburg,  and  for  a  number  of  years  was  a  member  of  the  board 
of  trustees  of  Waynesburg  College  and  one  of  the  building  commit- 
tee of  the  new  building.  In  1870  he  purchased  the  Waynesburg 
Repubh'can  newspaper,  organ  of  the  Repul)lican  party  of  Greene 
County,  and  was  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  same  for  fifteen  suc- 
cessive years  thereafter,  making  a  success  in  his  new  venture,  and 
publishing,  as  admitted  by  all  parties,  the  best  newspaper  ever  before 
edited  in  the  county.  It  was  his  paper  that  introduced  the  propriety 
and  said  the  first  word  in  favor  of  building  a  narrow-gauge  railroad 
to  Waynesburg;  and  alone,  without  encouragement  and  through 
much  ridicule,  he  persisted  for  months  in  writing  up  the  enterprise, 
and  in  personal  efibrts,  until  finally  friends  enlisted  in  the  cause  and 


658  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

the  road  was  built.  Mr.  Day  married  Jane  M.,  daughter  of  L.  L. 
Miner,  Esq.,  once  one  of  the  leading  attorneys  at  the  Waynesburg 
bar,  and  three  children  was  the  result  of  this  union — a  daughter, 
Marguerite,  and  two  sons,  Lawrence  Minor  and  Lewis  Edwin 
Mr.  Day  is  a  member  of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church, 
and  a  trustee  of  the  church  property  at  Waynesburg. 

HARVEY  DAY,  a  farmer  and  stock-grower  of  Franklin  Town- 
ship, was  born  in  Greene  County,  Penn.,  June  17,  1831.  He  is  a 
son  of  Benjamin  and  Sarah  (Tharp)  Day,  who  were  natives  of  New 
Jersey,  and  of  German  origin.  His  father,  who  was  a  successful 
farmer,  came  among  the  early  settlers  to  this  county,  where  he  spent 
tlie  remaining  portion  of  his  life,  lie  died  in  1861.  Harvey  is  the 
sixth  in  a  family  of  eight  children.  Having  been  reared  on  a  farm, 
he  naturally  engaged  in  farming  as  his  life  work,  and  is  now  the 
owner  of  a  well  improved  farm  of  275  acres.  Mr.  Day  is  a  self- 
made  man,  having  started  out  in  life  with  very  little  means.  He  at 
one  time  met  with  a  heavy  loss  by  fire,  in  which  his  house  and  other 
buildings  were  completely  destroj'ed.  He  did  not  yield  to  this  dis- 
couracrement,  however,  but  soon  replaced  them  with  neat  substantial 
buildings.  In  1852  Mr.  Day  married  Miss  Louise,  daughter  of 
Nathan  and  Hannah  (Carter)  Bane,  who  were  natives  of  Washington 
County,  Penn.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Day's  children  are:  Sarah  E.,  wife  of 
J.  A.  Maple;  Hannah  J.,  wife  of  E.  C.  Kelsey;  Nancy  A.,  wife  of 
Elias  Piatt;  May  E.  and  Charles  Benton.  Their  parents  are  mem- 
bers of  the  Baptist  Church  at  Ruif's  Creek,  I'enn.  Mr.  Day  is  a 
Democrat,  and  has  served  as  county  auditor  and  school  director  of  his 
township.  He  takes  a  great  interest  in  thoroughbred  stock  and  has  done 
much  to  improve  the  stock  in  Greene  County,  He  is  a  man  of  strong 
will  power  and  unusual  energy,  to  which  his  success  in  life  may  be 
largely  attributed. 

B.  B.  W.  DENNY,  hardware  merchant,  was  born  four  miles 
west  of  Waynesburg,  October  29,  1852.  He  is  a  son  of  M.  W.  and 
Jane  (Luse)  Denny,  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  and  of  English  extrac- 
tion. His  grandparents  came  from  England  to  Ohio,  then  moved  to 
Pennsylvania  and  were  among  the  early  settlers  of  Greene  County. 
Mr.  Denny's  father,  who  died  in  1875,  was  the  owner  of  800  acres 
of  land,  and  was  an  extensive  dealer  in  stock.  His  family  consisted 
of  four  children,  B.  B.  W.  being  the  second.  He  was  reared  on  a 
farm  in  Center  and  Jefferson  townships,  and  received  his  education 
in  Waynesburg  College.  He  has  been  engaged  in  farming  and 
stock-growing,  and,  in  partnership  with  his  brother,  owns  a  liardware 
store  in  Waynesburg.  He  was  nnited  in  marriage  January  3,  1882, 
with  Miss  Alice,  daughter  of  Samuel  Melvin. 

HON.  J.  B.  DONLEY",  an  attorney  of  Waynesburg,  Penn.,  wag 
born  at  Mount  Morris,  this  coun.tv.  October  10,  1838.     He  is  a  son 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  659 

of  Hon.  Patrick  and  Margaret  (Morris)    Donley  also  natives  of  this 
county.     His  ancestors  were  among-  the   earliest  settlers   of  Greene 
County,  and  have  usually  been   fanners.      Mr.  Donley's  great-grand- 
father was  a  captain  in  the  Revolutionai-y  war,,  and  his  grandfather 
Morris  was  a  soldier  in  the  war  of  1812.     His  father  was  a   farmer 
and  merchant,  and  was  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  in  1861 
and  1862,  serving  two  terms.     At   the  age  of  eighty-four  years  he 
still  resides  at  Mount  Morris,  where  he  has  spent  many  years  of  his 
life.     Of  his  family  of  eight  children  Hon.  J.  B.  Donley  is  the  fourth. 
Pie  graduated  at  A\^aynesburg  College  in   1859,  when  he  went  West 
and  located   in    Abingdon,   Illinois,   having  obtained   a  position   as 
principal  of  schools.     In   18()0    he   became  protessor  in   Abingdon 
College.     When  the  war  broke  out  Prof.   Donley  promptly  enlisted 
under  the  first  call  of  President  Lincoln,  but  on  account  of  the  large 
number  offering  the  company   was  not  received   into  the  service  and 
disbanded,  and  Prof.  Donley  continued  teaching  until  the  summer  of 
1862,  when  he  again  enlisted   and   helped  raise  Company  I  of  the 
Eighty-third  Yolunteer  Infantry.     When   the  company   was  organ- 
ized he  was  elected  captain,  being  the  youngest  captain  in    the  regi- 
ment.     It  was   the  Eighty-third   Illinois   Infantry   that   fought   the 
rebels  alone  at  the  second  battle  of  Fort  Donnelson.     This  regiment 
was  distinguished   for  the  great  number  of  large   men  within  its 
ranks,  and    was   among  the   best  regiments   organized  in  the  State. 
Captain  Donley  was  discharged  in  July,  1865,  when  he  returned  to 
his   native    county,    and  went   to   Albanj',   New  York,  and  in  1866 
graduated  from  the  law  department   of  the  Albany  University.     In 
1867  he  was  admitted  to  practice  at  the  Waynesbuag  bar,  and  was 
appointed  register  in  bankruptcy  during  the  same  year,  holding  the 
position  until  1869,  when  he    became  a   member  of  the  Forty-first 
Congress,  having  been  elected  thereto  in    1868.     He  votes  the  Re- 
publican  ticket,  casting  his  first  vote  for    President  for  Abraham 
Lincoln  in  1860.     He  is  president  of  the  board   of  trustees  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  of  which  he  is  a  member.     He  is  also 
assistant  superintendent   in  the  Sabbath-school.     Captain  Donley  is 
president  of  the  Waynesburg  Park   Company.     He  is  a  prominent 
member   of   the  Knights  of   Honor,   and  a   Master   Mason   in    the 
Masonic   fraternity.     He  also    belongs   to    the  G.    A.    R.    Post   of 
Waynesburg.     Captain  Donley  was  married  in  this  county,  in  1871, 
to  Miss  Ellen  W.,  daughter  of  Col.  John  II.  Wells,  a  retired  attorney 
of  Waynesburg.     They   have   three   children — Nellie  AV.,  Grace  E. 
and  Patrick.    The  family  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church. 

THOMAS  E.  DOUGAL,  farmer,  stock-grower  and  speculator, 
AVaynesburg,  Penn.,  was  born  in  Washington  County,  Penn.,  May 
23,  18-45,  and  is  a  son  of  David  and  Elizabeth  (Porter)  Dougal.    His 

33 


660  HISTOKY    OF    GREENE    COlTNTY. 

mother  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania.  His  father,  wlio  was  born  in 
England,  was  a  teacher  by  profession,  to  which  he  devoted  most  of 
his  life,  engaging  a  short  time  in  farming  and  merchandising. 
Thomas  was  the  oldest  son  in  a  family  of  eleven  children,  and  enjoyed 
tlie  advantaores  of  a  wood  education,  lie  attended  the  schools  in  his 
native  county,  also  the  high  school  at  Uniontown,  Penn,  He  very 
naturally  took  up  his  father's  profession,  and  engaged  in  teaching  for 
ten  years.  He  then  engaged  in  farming  and  stock  dealing;  has  made 
a  success  of  the  business  and  owns  178  acres  of  land.  Mr.  Dougal 
has  been  a  resident  of  Greene  County  since  1865 — the  year  lie  was 
married.  His  wife's  maiden  name  was  Clarissa  Wanee.  Her  par- 
ents were  Thomas  and  Elizabetli  Wanee,  natives  of  Pennsylvania. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Dougal  were  the  parents  of  ten  children — Elizabeth 
E.,  Isabella  I.,  Thomas  A.,  John  S.,  David  W.,  Anna  L.,  Dora  P., 
Archibald  and  Mary,  twins,  and  Viola.  Mr.  Dougal  is  a  Republican 
in  politics,  in  religion  a  Presbyterian.  Mrs.  Dougal  is  a  zealous 
member  of  the  Methodist  Church. 

R,  F.  DOWNEY,  attorney  and  counsellor  at  law,  was  l)orn  in 
Waynesburg,  Penn.,  May  18,  18-49.  He  is  a  son  of  Pobinsou  and 
Catharine  (Inghram)  Downey,  who  were  of  Scotch-Irish  descent. 
His  father  came  to  Waynesburg  in  1837  and  studied  law.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1839,  and  was  a  successful  practitioner  and 
business  man.  He  dealt  largely  in  real  estate,  having  erected  many 
of  the  best  buildings  in  Waynesburg.  He  died  in  1874.  Mr. 
Downey  was  a  member  of  the  Baptist  Church,  of  which  he  was  a 
liberal  supporter.  For  many  years  he  edited  a  paper  in  Waynesburg. 
He  was  one  of  the  earliest  and  strongest  friends  of  AV^aynesburg  Col- 
lege, never  neglecting  an  opportunity  to  further  the  interests  of  that 
institution.  His  children  were  all  students  in  the  college  and,  with 
one  exception,  are  graduates  of  the  school.  Mr.  Downey  was  one  of 
the  most  respected  and  best  beloved  of  (Treene  County's  citizens.  His 
children  are  R.  P.,  John  J.,  who  died  in  the  army,  Emma  (deceased), 
P.  W.  and  Kate.  R.  P.  Downey,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was 
reared  in  Waynesburg  and  educated  in  the  college,  where  he  gradu- 
ated in  1807.  He  tlien  studied  law  with  his  lather,  and  was  admit- 
ted to  the  bar  in  1871.  He  has  been  a  successful  practitioner,  devot- 
ing his  entire  time  to  his  profession. 

J.  W.  ELY,  physician,  Waynesburg,  Penn.,  was  born  in  Whiteley 
Township,  this  county,  September  24,  1855.  He  is  a  son  of  (Toovge 
and  Mary  (Warrick)  Ely,  who  were  natives  of  AYashington  County 
and  moved  to  Greene  County  in  1840.  Mrs.  Ely  departed  this  life 
December  30, 1887.  Dr.  Ely  remained  on  the  farm  with  his  parents 
until  ho  was  eighteen  years  of  age,  at  which  time  he  began  teaching 
school  tlirouijh  the  winter,  and  troinil  to  school  durinc  the  summer 
months.        He  acquired  his   education    in    the    select    schools    and 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  G()l 

Waynesburg  College.  The  Doctor  was  married,  June  23,  1878,  to 
Lucy,  daughter  of  Goclfrey  (Jioxdon.  of  Waynesburg.  ]\Irs.  Ely  was 
born  August  9,  Iboi.  They  have  one  child,  Mary  ii.,  born  August 
11,  1880.  In  August,  1878,  Dr.  Ely  opened  a  store  at  Garard's 
Fort,  and  in  April  of  the  next  year  he  moved  his  store  to  iSTewtown, 
Penn.,  where  he  received  a  large  patronage.  On  June  22,  1879,  his 
store  and  entire  property  was  destroyed  by  fire;  but  not  being  easily 
discouraged,  he  began  the  study  of  medicine  with  Dr.  Sheibino,  of 
Waynesburg,  and  graduated  at  the  Medical  College  of  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  in  1882  with  high  honors.  He  then  returned  to  Waynesburg, 
and  took  Dr.  Sherbino's  place  in  the  practice  and  has  secured  a  lib- 
eral patronage  in  the  county,  being  its  only  homeopathic  physician. 
He  is  a  Republican,  and  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church. 

JONAS  ELY,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  Waynesburg,  Penn., 
was  born  in  Washington  County,  Penn.,  August  28,  1823.  He 
is  a  son  of  Jonas  and  Euphen  (Wilson)  Ely,  who  were  of  Ger- 
maji  and  Scotch  extraction.  His  mother  was  also  a  native  of 
Washington  County.  His  father,  who  was  a  farmer  and  stock- 
grower,  was  born  in  Berks  County,  Penn.,  and  came  to  Greene 
County  in  1843.  He  settled  near  Waynesburg  on  the  farm  now 
owned  by  J.  A.  J.  Buchanan,  Esq.  Mr.  Ely  reared  a  family 
seven  children,  of  whom  Jonas  is  the  sixth.  He  received  a  com- 
mon school  education  in  AVashington  County,  where  he  remained  on 
the  farm  with  his  parents  until  their  death.  His  father  died  in  1863 
and  his  mother  in  18G0.  Mr.  Ely  has  been  successful  as  a  farmer, 
and  is  the  owner  of  384  acres  of  land.  In  1870  he  bought  his 
present  farm,  to  which  he  moved  in  1875.  The  following  year 
he  erected  one  of  the  finest  liouses  in  Franklin  Township,  where 
he  now  resides.  Mr.  Ely  was  united  in  marriage  in  Greene 
County,  in  1845,  with  Miss  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  William  and 
Margaret  (Milligan)  Hill,  who  were  of  English  and  Irish  origin. 
Mrs.  Ely's  father  was  born  in  Franklin  Township  in  1798.  To 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ely  have  been  born  three  children- — AYilliam  and 
Jonas,  farmers;  and  Belle,  who  is  the  wife  of  Jonathan  Funk,  Esq., 
of  Waynesburg,  Penn.  Their  mother  is  a  consistent  member  of 
the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church.  Mr.  Ely  takes  great  interest 
in  the  schools  of  the  county,  and  has  served  seventeen  years  as 
school  director.  He  has  also  been  for  several  "years  secretary  of 
the  Green  County  Agricultural  Society.  In  politics  he  is  a  Repub- 
lican. Jonas,  his  second  son,  was  born  October  15,  1848,  and  is  a 
successful  farmer.  In  1878  he  married  Miss  Alice,  daughter  of 
Madison  Saunders,  of  Waynesburg,  Penn. 

W.    W.    EYANS,  of  the  firm  of  Ragan  &  Evans,  editors  and 
proprietors  of  the  Way7ieshurg  Independent,  was  born  in  Marshall 


662  HISTORY   OF   GUEENE   COUNTY. 

County,  AV".  Va.,  February  8,  1851.  His  parents  were  Walter  and 
Sarah  (Hoberts)  Evans.  His  fatlier  was  of  Welsh  extraction  and 
born  in  Baltimore,  Maryland.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Evans  were  married 
in  Marshall  County,  where  they  remained  a  short  time  and  then 
moved  to  Iowa.  Here  Mrs.  Evans'  health  began  to  fail  and  they  re- 
turned to  Virginia,  where  she  died  in  1854.  When  an  infant  Mr. 
Evans  was  carried  on  horseback  by  .his  parents  from  Baltimore  to 
Marshall  County,  W.  Ya.  Mr.  Evans'  second  wife  was  Susannah 
Hutchinson  {iiee  Francis).  She  is  still  living.  Mr.  Evans  died 
January  3,  1882.  He  was- the  father  of  fourteen  children,  twelve  of 
whom  are  living.  W.  W.  Evans,  the  subject  of  our  sketch,  was  uni- 
ted in  marriage,  April  29,  1874,  with  Miss  Mary,  daughter  of  W.  T. 
E.  and  Mary  (Stull)  Webb.  Her  father  was  a  native  of  Wheeling, 
W.  Va.,  and  her  mother  of  Louisville,  Ky.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Evans  have  been  born  three  children — Wilbert  W.,  Erma,  and  Jesse 
(deceased).  Mr.  Evans  remained  on  a  farm  until  twelve  years  of 
age,  when  he  went  with  his  parents  to  Moundsville,  AV.  Va.,  his 
fatlier  having  been  elected  to  the  office  of  recorder  of  Marshall 
County.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  lie  began  learning  the  printer's  trade 
and  has  since  been  engaged  in  that  business.  In  1872  he  purchased 
the  Moundsville  Ile])ortei\  which  he  owned  for  a  period  of  seven 
years.  He  came  to  Waynesburg  in  1880,  and  purchased  a  half  inter- 
est in  the  newspaper  of  which  he  is  now  associate  editor  and  pro- 
prietor. Mr.  Evans  is  a  member  of  the  Knights  of  Honor  and  the 
Koyal  Arcanum.  When  sixteen  years  of  age  he  united  with  the  M. 
E.  Church,  of  which  his  wife  is  also  a  member. 

J.  M.  FUNK,  lumber  dealer,  Waynesburg,  Penn.,  was  born  in 
Kichhill  Township,  this  county,  February  5,  1S46.  He  is  a  son 
of  Jacob  and  Mary  (McGlumphy)  Funk,  of  German  and  Irish  de- 
scent, the  former  a  nativ^e  of  Maryland  and  the  latter  of  Greene 
County,  Penn.  His  father  was  a  farmer,  and  died  in  Wayn-esburg 
in  1884.  J.  M.  Funk  is  one  of  a  family  of  three  children — all  boys. 
He  grew  to  manhood  in  Waynesburg,  and  chose  farming  as  his  chief 
pursuit.  When  twenty  years  of  age,  however,  he  learned  the  carpen- 
ter's trade,  serving  the  regular  apprenticeship  of  three  years.  In 
1872  he  established  himself  in  business  in  Waynesburg  and,  although 
he  met  with  a  serious  loss  by  tire.  May  25,  1881,  which  amounted  to 
some  ten  thousand  dollars,  he  immediately  rebuilt  and  is  now  owner 
and  proprietor  of  a  planing-mill,  in  which  a  large  number  of  men  are 
employed  the  year  round.  He  does  contracting  and  building,  and 
has  a  number  of  substantial  residences  in  Waynesburg.  In  1878  Mr. 
Funk  married  Miss  Belle,  daughter  of  Jonas  Ely,  a  prominent 
farmer  of  Franklin  Township.  AFr.  and  INFrs.  Funk  are  members  of 
the  Cumbt'i'lancl  Presbyterian  (^hurcli.      He   is  a  Democrat,  and  has 


iiiSTOijY  OF  orep^np:  county.  (563 

served  us  ;i  lueniber  of  the  town  council  and  of  the  school  board 
in  the  borough.     He  is  also  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 

J.  C.  GAE.A11D,  Esq.,  prothonotary,  Waynesburg,  Penn.,  was 
born  in  Greene  County.  He  is  a  son  of  Justus  and  Emeline 
(Mestrezat)  Garard,  also  natives  of  this  county,  and  of  French  and 
English  descent.  The  family  were  among  the  earliest  settlers  of  the 
county,  Mr.  Garard's  great-grandfather  being  the  Rev.  John  Corl)ly, 
one  of  the  pioneer  Baptist  ministers.  His  grandfiither  Garard  was 
a  farmer,  and  Justus  Garard,  his  father,  was  a  cabinet-maker  and  en- 
gaged in  that  business  for  years  at  Mapletown,  Penn.  The  subject 
of  our  sketch  was  reared  in  Monongahela  Township,  where  he  re- 
ceived his  early  education  in  the  common  schools.  He  afterwards 
spent  some  time  in  the  State  Normal  School  at  California,  Penn., 
and  Wayesburg  College.  After  leaving  college  he  taught  school  un- 
til 1878,  when  he  was  elected  clerk  of  the  courts  of  Greene  County 
and  served  six  years.  ]\[r,  Garard  was  elected  prothonotary  in  1884 
and  re-elected  in  1887,  and  has  filled  that  oflice  very  acceptably.  In 
politics  he  is  a  Democrat.  He  was  married  in  Fayette  County, 
Penn.,  in  1879,  to  Miss  A.  B.  Schroyer,  at  Masontown,  Penn. 

CAPTAIN  JOHN  ADAM  GORDON,  farmer  and  stock  grow- 
er, AVaynesburg,  Penn.,  wTiF  burii  in  Whiteley  Township,  Greene 
County,  June  10,  181P).  His  parents  were  MaHr-and  Suaau  (Shriver) 
Gordon,  who  were  of  Irish  and  German  extraction.  His  father,  who 
was  a  farmer  all  his  life,  was  a  native  of  West  Virginia,  came  to- 
Greene  County,  Penn.,  in  1796  and  settled  in  Whiteley  Towmship. 
His  family  consisted  of  ten  children.  John  Adam  was  reared  on  the 
home  farm  where  he  received  his  early  education,  and  subsequently 
attended  Greene  Academy  at  Carmichaels,  Penn,  He  devoted  four 
years  of  his  life  exclusively  to  teaching  and  also  taught  about  twenty 
winter  terms,  spending  the  summer  months  in  farming,  which  he  has 
made  his  chief  pursuit.  In  1880  he  bought  his  present  farm  and 
moved  to  Franklin  Township,  where  he  built  a  neat  and  substantial 
residence  in  1887.  Mr.  Gordon  has  been  twice  married;  first,  in 
1842,  to  Miss  Rebecca,  daughter  of  John  Crawford,  of  Carmichaels, 
Greene  County.  Mrs.  Gordon  died  in  1853.  Of  their  five  children 
only  two  are  living — Rebecca,  and  Rev.  ]\I.  L.  Gordon,  D.  D.,  now 
a  missionary  in  Japan.  The  deceased  are  B.  Jennings,  who  died 
wlienachild;  John  Crawford,  who  was  a  prominent  physician  at 
Waynesburg;  and  William  Lynn,  a  teacher,  who  died  in  Michigan  in 
1880,  he  taught  in  Pennsylvania  and  AVisconsin  and  Charleston,  S.  C, 
and  was  principal  of  a  college  in  Austin,  Texas  at  his  death.  Mr. 
Gordon's  second  wife  was  Miss  Margaret,  daughter  of  Ephraim 
Crawford,  of  Fayette  County,  Penn.  They  are  the  parents  of  five 
sons:  Thomas  J.,  a  farmer;  Solomon,  Robert  who  died  in  childhood; 
Edgar  C.  and  James  R.     Mr.   Gordon   has  the   distinction  of  being 


664  HISTOEY    OF    GKEENE    COUNTY, 

the  first  superintendent  of  public  schools  in  Greene  County,  to. which 
230sition  he  was  elected  in  1850,  and  was  re-elected  in  1860.  When 
the  war  of  the  Rebellion  broke  out  he  resigned  and  assisted  in  rais- 
ing a  company,  which  formed  part  of  the  Eighty-fifth  Regiment 
Pennsylvania  Volunteers  (Col.  Howell's).  It  was  Company  G,  of 
that  organization.  Mr.  Gordon  was  elected  First  Lieutenant  of  said 
company,  and  served  in  that  capacity  until  Capt.  T.  M.  Abraham  was 
promoted  to  Major  of  the  regiment;  was  then  commissioned  Captain 
by  Gov.  A.  I.  Curtin,  of  Pennsylvania,  serving  in  all  three. 

S(3L0M0N  GORDON,  a  retired  farmer  and-stock  grower  who 
was  born  in  Whiteley  Township,  April  2,  1801,  is  a  son  of  John  A. 
and  Cassandra  (Holland)  Gordon.  The  former  was  a  native  of  Mary- 
land and  the  latter  of  West  Virginia,  where  the}'  were  married. 
They  were  the  parents  of  seven  children,  the  youngest  of  whom  is 
Solomon.  His  father,  wh6  was  a  farmer,  came  to  Greene  County  in 
1795  and  located  in  Whiteley  Township,  where  Solomon  grew  to 
manhood.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  has  been  for  many  years  a 
successful  farnier  in  Franklin  Township.  He  was  united  in  mar- 
riage the  lirst  time,  in  1824,  with  Sarah  Inghram,  who  was  a  de- 
scendent  of  one  of  the  pioneer  families  in  this  county,  and  died  in 
1858.  They  were  the  parents  of  live  children — Elizabeth,  wife  of  R. 
Huss;  William  L,  a  farmer  wlio  owns  two  hundred  acres  of  land; 
Adam,  superintendent  of  the  poor  farm;  James,  and  John  who  was 
a  soldier  in  the  war  of  1861  and  died  in  the  army.  Mr.  Gordon 
married  for  his  second  wife  the  widow  of  Georgce  B.  Willison.  Her 
nuiiden  name  was  Sarah  Manuell.  In  politics  Mr.  Gordon  is  a 
Democrat, 

HON.  BASIL  GORDON,  Associate  Judge  of  Greene  County, 
Penn.,  was  born  in  A\^hiteley  Township,  this  county,  December  27, 
1822.  He  is  a  son  of  Mark  and  Susan  (Shriver)  Gordon.  IHs 
mother  was  born  in  Greene  County  and  his  father  in  Virginia.  Both 
were  of  German  extraction.  His  father  came  to  Greene  County 
when  a  child,  and  was  a  farmer  by  occupation.  Basil  was  the  fourth 
in  a  family  of  ten  children.  He  was  reared  on  a  farm  in  this 
county,  and  educated  in  Greene  Academy  at  Carmichaels,  Penn. 
Mr,  Gordon  has  made  farming  his  occupation  and  has  been  very 
successful.  He  was  united  in  the  holy  bonds  of  matrimony.  May  20, 
1847,  with  Mariar,  daughter  of  Arthur  Inghram,  and  they  are  the 
parents  of  live  children,  viz.,  John  A.,  a  farmer;  Susan,  Virginia, 
wife  of  Thomas  Montgomery;  Josiah  and  Alice.  The  Judge  is 
trustee  in  the  M.  P.  Church.  He  has  served  as  township  auditor, 
superintendent  of  the  poor  and  school  director. 

HON.  JOHN  B.  GORDON,  deceased,  was  born  in  W^hiteley 
Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  December  4,  1798.  He  was  a 
son  of  John  A.  and  Cassandra  (Holland)  Gordon,  natives  of  Virginia, 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  665 

wliere  tlieir  iiiarritige  cereitiony  was  performed.  They  moved  to 
Greene  County,  Penn.,  about  1795,  and  remained  until  their  demise. 
Mrs.  Gordon  departed  this  life  in  1805  and  her  husband  in  1816. 
John  J).  Gordon,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  M'as  the  ijfth  of  a  family 
of  seven  cliildreii,  of  wliom  only  one,  Solomon,  survives.  July  12, 
1847,  Mr.  Gordon  was  united  in  marriage  witli  Miss  Delilah 
Inghram,  a  native  of  Franklin  Township,  this  county,  where  she 
was  born  April  23,  1821.  Mrs.  Gordon  is  a  daughter  of  William 
and  Elizabeth  (liinehart)  Inghram,  who  were  also  natives  of  this 
county.  Mr.  Inghram  died  in  1845  and  Mrs.  Inghram  in  1864, 
To  Mr.  and  Mrs,  Gordon  were  born  five  children,  four  of  whom  are 
living,  viz.,  Lizzie  I.,  George  W.,  Lucy  E.  and  John  B.  The  de- 
ceased is  Carrie  L.  George  AV.  was  united  in  marriage  with  Helen 
Scott,  and  they  are  the  parents  of  two  children — Lucy  D.  and  Carrie 
L.  Hon.  John  B.  Gordon  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  received  in- 
structions from  his  fatlier  in  the  art  of  husbandry,  which  honorable 
occupation — in  connection  with  raising  stock  for  the  markets — he 
followed  until  his  death.  x\t  that  time  he  owned  one  thousand  acres 
of  land  in  Greene  County.  lie,  in  common  with  many  of  the  in- 
habitants of  middle  and  western  Pennsylvania,  had  a  passion  for 
military  life.  He  was  elected  Major  of  the  Forty-sixth  Regiment  of 
militia,  held  the  office  for  seven  years  and  took  much  pride  in  dis- 
cliaro-ino'  its  duties.  Mr.  Gordon  served  his  fellow  citizens  in  civil 
as  well  as  in  a  military  capacity.  Having  been  elected  to.  the  office 
of  county  commissioner  in  1825,  he  served  two  terms;  and  was  a 
member  of  the  House  of  Representatives  in  1847  and  1848.  Mr, 
Gordon  departed  this  life  December  28,  1876,  and  by  his  death  the 
county  lost  a  good  citizen,  and  his  family  a  kind  father  and  |iusband, 

THOMAS  GOODWIN,  ex-treasurer  of  Greene  County,  is  at 
present  a  farmer,  and  was  born  in  Franklin  Township,  this  county, 
September  25,  1807.  He  is  a  son  of  Moses  and  Elizabeth  (Hagan) 
Goodwin,  natives  of  Maryland.  His  father,  who  lived  to  an  old  age, 
was  born  in  1790  and  spent  most  of  his  life  on  a  farm  in  Greene 
County.  Of  their  eight  children,  only  two  are  living.  Thomas  was 
the  fourth  in  the  family.  He  was  reared  on  the  home  farm,  attended 
the  subscription  schools,  and  has  made  farming  his  main  occupation. 
He  started  out  in  the  world  with  but  little  means,  but  by  his  great 
energy  and  patient  endeavor  was  enabled'  to  purchase  his  present 
farm  in  1877.  Mr.  Goodwin  is  a  Democrat  in  politics.  He  was 
elected  treasurer  of  the  county  in  1873,  and  served  one  term.  In 
1832  he  married  Miss  Catharine,  daughter  of  Jesse  Orndoff.  Her 
mother's  maiden  name  was  Catharine  Strosnider.  Her  father  was  a 
soldier  in  the  war  of  1812. 

H.  M.  GRIMES. —  Among  the  descendants  of  the  pioneers  of 
Greene  County  we  mention  H.  M.  Grimes,  an  enterprising  farmer  of 


5(56  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

Franklin  Township,  who  now  owns  and  resides  on  tlie  farm  where 
he  was  born,  January  20,  1837.  His  mother's  maiden  name  was 
Margaret  Mnckle.  She  w^as  a  native  of  this  count3\  His  father, 
AVilliam  Grimes,  was  born  in  New  Jersey.  Of  his  six  children,  the 
subject  of  this  sketch  is  the  youngest.  He  was  reared  in  Franklin 
Township,  wdiere  he  received  his  education  in  the  district  schools. 
Mr.  Grimes  has  been  very  successful  in  his  chosen  pursuit,  and  is  the 
owner  of  338  acres  of  land.  In  ISGl  he  married  Harriet,  daughter 
of  Arthur  Rinehart.  Their  children  are — William  A.,  J.  W.,  Lucy, 
Mary  E.,  Albert  II.  and  H.  C.  Mrs.  Grimes  is  a  zealous  member  of 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  In  politics  Mr.  Grimes  is  a 
Democrat. 

D.  H.  HAINER,  freight  and  ticket  agent  for  the  "Waynesburg 
and  Washington  TJailroad,  at  Waynesburg,  Pen n.,  was  born  in  Wash- 
ington County,  Penn.,  Octol)er  9,  1845,  and  is  a  son  of  Henry  and 
Elizabeth  (Riggle)  Hainer.  His  father,  who  has  all  his  life  been  a 
farmer,  was  born  in  Germany,  and  came  to  Washington  County, 
Penn.,  in  1832,  where  he  lived  until  he  moved  to  Kichland  County, 
Ohio,  where  he  now  resides.  Mr.  Hainer  is  the  oldest  in  a  family  of 
eight  children.  He  was  reared  on  the  farm,  attended  the  common 
schools,  and  was  later  a  student  in  the  Academy  at  Savannah,  Ohio, 
and  Lexington,  Ohio,  Male  and  Female  Seminary.  Early  in  life  he 
taught  school  for  a  time.  He  was  then  emploj'ed  as  a  salesman  in 
Lexington,  Ohio,  for  live  years,  when  he  was  accepted  as  a  full  part- 
ner with  his  former  employer.  He  continued  in  the  mercantile  trade 
with  him  for  five  years,  when  he  sold  out  and  returned  to  Washing- 
ton County,  and  engaged  in  farming  from  1875  until  1879.  He  then 
came  to  Waynesburg,  where  he  engaged  in  business  with  his  uncle 
until  1883,  when  he  was  appointed  to  his  present  position.  Mr. 
Hainer  was  married  in  Washington  County  in  1873,  to  Alice,  daugh- 
ter of  David  S.  Walker,  and  they  have  one  child,  a  daughter — Adda 
E.  The  entire  family  are  members  of  the  Pres1)yterian  Church,  in 
which  he  is  an  elder  and  also  superintendent  of  the  Sabbath-school. 

SAMUEL  HA  RYE  Y  was  born  in  Center  Township,  Greene 
County,  March  2,  1820,  and  is  a  son  of  Thomas  and  Anna  (Higin- 
botham)  Harvey.  His  mother  was  born  in  Fayette  County,  and  his 
father  in  Philadelphia.  They  were  of  English  and  French  descent. 
His  father,  a  farmer  by  occupation,  came  to  this  county  in  1807,  and 
settled  on  a  tract  of  land  eleven  miles  west  of  Waynesburg,  known 
as  the  "Old  Harvey  Farm,-' and  resided"  there  until  his  death  in 
1876,  in  the  eighty-seventh  year  of  his  age.  Of  his  three  sons, 
Samuel  is  the  oldest,  and  was  reared  on  said  farm  in  Center  Town- 
ship, where  he  received  an  education  of  the  rural  district,  and  chose 
farming  as  his  occupation,  at  the  same  time  dealing  in  wool,  live- 
stock and  real  estate.      Mr,  Harvey  has   been  a  successful  business 


IIISTOKY     OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  667 

man,  and  is  one  of  Greene  County's  self-made  men,  his  success  being 
entirely  due  to  liis  own  efforts  and  business  ability.  In  1881  he 
moved  to  Waynesburg,  and  is  still  engaged  in  the  wool  trade.  In 
1846  Mr.  Harvey  married  Sarah  I.  Throckmorton.  Their  children 
are — AVilliam  C,  who  enlisted,  at  the  age  of  seventeen  years,  in 
Company  I,  One  Hundred  and  Sixteenth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers, 
and  took  part,  under  Gen.  Hancock,  in  the  famous  "Battle  of  the 
AVilderness,''  and  died  of  typhoid  fever  in  1864;  Anna  M.,  wife  of 
the  late  Dr.  J.  S.  Barmoi'e,  of  Chicago;  Kate  E.,  wife  of  Dr.  J.  T. 
lams,  of  Waynesburg;  Alice  I.,  and  Charles  T.,  a  farmer  and  stock- 
dealer,  who  still  resides  on  the  old  Harvey  farm  in  Center  Township. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Harvey  are  members  of  the  South  Ten-Mile  Baptist 
Church,  where  he  has  served  as  deacon  and  trustee  for  many  years. 

"WILLIAM  THOMPSON  HAYS— Among  the  early  settlers  of 
Waynesburg  as  the  county  seat  of  Greene,  was  William  Thompson 
Hays,  who  was  born  in  Adams  County,  Penn.,  April  8, 1775,  and  who 
died  in  Wavnesburo;,  June  29,  184t).  He  was  married  in  Newville, 
Cumberland  County,  Penn.,  to  Mary  McKibben,  and  in  1804  removed 
to  Waynesburg,  embarking  in  the  mercantile  business  on  Main  street, 
on  the  corner  now  known  as  the  "  Fisher  Building,"  opposite  the 
present  F.  &  D.  National  Bank.  Afterwards,  losing  his  wife  by 
death,  lie  married  Sarah  Wilson,  daughter  of  James  Wilson,  Esq., 
the  first  post-master  of  Waynesburg,  Mdio  lived  and  kept  the  post- 
office  opposite  the  court-house  on  the  site  occupied  by  the  Messenger 
building.  Mr.  Hays  was  one  of  the  early  representatives  of  liis 
adopted  county  in  the  State  Legislature,  he  and  his  brother,  Adam 
Hays,  who  was  a  bachelor  and  came  with  him  and  made  his  home 
in  Waynesburg,  both  having  served  the  people  of  Greene  in  that  capac- 
ity. Adam  Ilays  was  also  at  one  time  sheriff  of  the  county,  and  died 
February  28,  1848,  aged  about  sixty-six.  W.  T.  Hays  was  also,  for 
a  period  of  about  twenty  years,  phrothonotary  of  Greene  County,  he 
being  successor  of  John  Boreman,  Esq.,  who  was  the  first  protho- 
iiotary  of  the  county.  In  1813,  while  in  the  mercantile  business, 
Mr.  Hays  brought  on  to  Waynesburg,  and  was  instrumental  in 
establishing  the  Jfessenger  newspaper,  with  John  Baker  as  editor 
and  publisher.  The  paper  was  first  printed  about  where  the  tele- 
graph office  now  is,  just  west  of  the  Walton  House,  Mr.  Hays  own- 
ing the  premises  and  living  in  the  house  adjoining,  occupying  the 
present  site  of  the  Walton  House.  He  had  four  children  who  lived 
to  reach  maturity — two  by  each  wife.  By  the  first,  George  W.,  who 
was  educated  at  Cannonsburg  College,  Penn.,  studied  medicine  with 
Dr.  Hays,  of  Sharpsburg,  Md.,  and  died  with  the  cholera  while  in 
the  practice  of  his  profession,  at  that  place,  in  1834.  Maria  C,  the 
daughter,  was  married  to  Laurence  L.  Minor,  a  prominent  attorney 
of  Waynesburg,  who  died  in  that  place  in  1883,  she  still  surviving. 


668  iiisTor.Y  OF  gkeene  county. 

r»v  liis  se 'OikI  wife  were  l)oni  James  W.  and  Henrietta.  Slie  wa;? 
married  to  William  Campbell,  son  of  Benjamin  Campbell,  one  of 
the  early  and  prominent  merchants  of  Waynesbnrg,  and  both  her 
husband  and  herself,  with  a  large  family  of  eliildren,  still  live  in  that 
place.  James  Wilson  Hays  was  born  in  Waynesburg,  on  December 
21.  1817,  and  received  such  education  as  was  attainable  in  his  youth 
in  the  subscription  schools  of  the  town.  The  first  business  engaged 
in  on  his  own  account  was  as  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  AA'aynes- 
burg  Messenger  in  about  1842,  as  successor  to  Hon.  C.  A  Black. 
His  editorial  career  at  this  time  included  the  presidential  canvas  of 
Polk  against  Clay,  and  that  of  Francis  K.  Shunk  for  Governor.  At 
a  later  period  Mr.  Hays  was  associated  with  Col.  James  S.  Jennings 
as  co-editor  of  the  Messenger,  including  the  presidential  canvas  of 
1860,  in  which  Lincoln  -was  elected  President.  In  1853,  during  the 
presidency  of  Pierce,  Mr.  Ila^^s  received  an  appointment  as  clerk  in 
the  post-office  department  at  Washington  City.  This  position  he 
occupied  some  three  vears,  resignins'  on  account  of  lailincj  health. 
He  held  a  position,  in  1849-50,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Canal  at 
Pittsburg,  under  appointment  by  canal  conuriissioners  of  the  State. 
Mr.  Hays  was  married  in  1842  to  Hannah  Minor,  daughter  of  Abia 
Minor,  Esq.,  and  grand-daughter  of  Hon.  John  Minor,  who  was  one 
of  the  original,  or  first  associate  judges  ot  Greene  County  at  its 
formation.  Mrs.  Hays  died  in  1862.  Seven  children  were  born  to 
them,  who  lived  to  reach  maturity,  viz. — William  Thompson,  mar- 
ried to  Jennie  Jewell;  Sarah  Sophia,  to  Ira  L.  ]S'ickeson;  James  W., 
to  Emma  Smith;  Frances  Henrietta,  to  James- M.  Ferrell;  Abia 
Minor,  to  Nannie  Huston;  Hannah  Maria,  to  James  L.Smith,  and 
Jesse  Lazear,  to  Sadie  Goodwin — all  living  at  this  date  (1888)  ex- 
cept Mrs.  Nickeson,  who  died  May  4,  1888.  In  1867  ^Iw  Hays  re- 
moved from  Waynesburg.  where  he  had  been  connected  with  his 
brother-in-law,  Hon.  William  Cotterel,  in  the  tanning  and  leather 
business,  to  Graysville,  Hichhill  Township,  and  engaged  in  merchan- 
dising, fivim  which  place  his  children  were  all  married,  and  where  he 
continued  to  reside  until  October,.  1887,  when  he  returned  to  his 
native  town,  Waynesburg.  In  1875  he  was  elected,  on  the  Dem- 
ocratic ticket,  to  the  senate  of  Pennsylvania,  for  the  fourtieth  dis- 
trict, embracing  the  counties  of  Greene  and  Faj-ette,  and  re-elected 
to  a  second  term  on  the  expiration  of  the  first. 

JOSEPH  S.  HERTIG,  dentist,  was  born  in  Fayette  County, 
Penn.,  November  28,  1834,  and  is  a  son  of  John.  G.  and  Elizabeth 
(Showalter)  Hertig.  His  mother,  who  was  of  German  extraction, 
was  born  in  Fayette  County.  His  father  was  a  nativeof  France,  and 
a  fanner  and  school  teacher  by  occupation.'  Dr.  Hertig,  the  oldest 
of  eleven  children,  was  reared  on  his  father's  farm,  attending  the 
district  school.       He  spent  his  early  life  as  a  teacher,  having  taught 


IIISTOIiY    OF    GKEKNE    COUNTY.  OOO 

five  terms  in  Fayette  County,  Ohio,  and  subsequently  in  tin's 
county.  In  1858  iie  commt-nced  the  study  of  dentistry  at  Sniith- 
tield,  Penn.,  and  began  practicing  in  1808  in  New  Holland,  Ohio. 
lie  subsequently  located  at  Delphos,  Allen  County,  Ohio.  Keturn- 
ing  to  Fayette  County  in  1802,  he  reinained  for  four  years,  then  came 
to  Waynesburg,  where  his  skill  and  gentlemanly  demeanor  soon  won 
for  him  a  large  and  lucrative  practice  am^ng  the  inflnential  families 
of  the  town  and  vicinity.  The  Doctor  is  thoroughly  posted  in  all 
the  details  of  his  profession,  and  devotes  his  time  diligently  to  study, 
lie  was  married  in  Fayette  County,  in  1804,  to  Miss  Nancy,  daughter 
of  "William  Scott.  Their  children  are — Horace  and  Owen,  the  latter 
a  graduate  of  Waynesburg  College,  and  at  present  a  student  in  the 
Dental  College  at  Philadelphia,  Penn.  Dr.  Ilertig  is  a  prominent 
member  of  the  Odontological  Society  of  Western  Pennsylvania. 

MAJOPt  B.  F.  IlEPtPJNGTOX,  a  farmer  and  stock-grower, 
of  Fi-anklin  Township,  was  born  in  (xreene  County,  Penn.,  November 
18,  1843,  and  is  a  son  of  Thomas  and  Caroline  (Kramer)  Ilerrington. 
His  father  was  a  manufacturer  of  boots  and  shoes  and  carried  on  his 
business  for  many  years  in  the  southern  part  of  Greene  County. 
His  family  consisted  often  children,  of  whom  B.  F.  is  the  sixth.  He 
received  his  early  education  in  the  common  schools  of  his  native 
county,  and  subsequently  attended  Dnft''s  Commercial  College  at 
Pittsburg,  Penn.  Mr.  Ilerrington  was  employed  as  a  clerk  in  a  store 
for  a  number  years,  and  engaged  in  the  mercantile  trade  at  Morris- 
ville,  Penn.,  in  1801.  The  year  following  he  enlisted,  as  a  private, 
in  Company  A,  Eighteenth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry.  When  the  reg- 
iment was  organized,  he  was  elected  Second  Lieutenant  of  Company 
G.,  and  was  snbsequently'promoted  to  the  position  of  First  Lieutenant 
and  then  Captain.  He  was  taken  captive  and  suffered  the  horror  of 
prison  life  for  sixteen  months  in  Libb}',  Macon,  Ga.  and  Columbia, 
S.  C.  Major  Herrington  was  one  of  the  six  hundred  officers  who 
were  placed  under  the  fire  of  the  Union  gun  when  the  Union  men 
bombarded  Charlestown,  S.  C.  Soon  after  his  return  home  he  was 
commissioned  Major  of  the  eighth  division  of  the  National  Guards 
of  Pennsylvania  and  served  five  years,  was  commissioned  again  with 
same  rank  and 'assigned  to  duty  on  the  staff  of  Gen.  Gallagher  as 
commissary  of  division.  He  again  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business 
in  AVaynesburg,  where  he  had  a  good  trade  and  liberal  patronage. 
The  Major  was  united  in  marriage,  in  1800,  with  Miss  Maggie  Johns. 
She  died  in  1877,  leaving  a  family  of  three  children — Ella,  Herman 
and  Daisy.  In  1887  he  began  farming,  and  was  united  in  marriage, 
the  same  year,  with  Nannie  (Wisecarver)  Worley.  Major  Herring- 
ton  is  a  Republican,  and  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  He  was  the 
first   Commander  of  the  :McCnllough  G.  A.  Pw.  Post,  No.  H07. 


670  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

JESSE  TIILL,  retired  fanner  and  stock- grower,  Waynesbnrg, 
Penn.,  was  born  I^ovember  23,  1814:,  on  the  farm  lie  now  owns. 
His  parents,  Samuel  and  Elizabeth  (Gather)  Hill,  were  natives  of 
Greene  County,  and  of  Irish  and  En<^lish  extraction.  His  father  was 
a  farmer  all  his  life;  his  family  consisted  of  eleven  children.  Jesse 
is  the  youngest  son.  He  was  reared  on  his  father's  farm,  educated 
in  the  old-fashioned  log  school-house  and  has  made  farming  the 
business  of  his  life.  He  owns  150  acres  of  good  farming  land,  and 
valuable  town  property  in  the  borough  of  Waynesburg.  In  1841 
Mr.  Hill  married  Maria,  daughter  of  Thomas  Hoskinson,  Of  their 
six  children  five  are  living — Carrie,  wife  of  Dr.  W.  S.  Throckmorton, 
of  Nineveh,  Penn.;  Thomas  B.,  a  physician  at  Huff's  Creek,  Penn.; 
Elizabeth,  wife  of  J.  D  Nulton;  Willie  E.  and  Jesse  F.,  who  was 
born  March  11,  1853,  and  has  charge  of  the  home  farm.  He  was 
married  in  1881,  to  Philena,  daughter  of  Thonias  Ross,  and  they  have 
two  children — Frank  and  Willie  R.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jesse  Hill,  Sr., 
are  members  of  the  Baptist  Church.  Mr.  Hill  was  for  fifteen  years 
clerk  of  the  county  commissioners. 

NORYAL  IIOGE,  by  occupation  an  organ  builder,  was  born  in 
Waynesburg,  March  8,  1835.  He  is  a  son  of  John  and  Rebecca 
(Oakes)  Iloge,  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  and  of  Scotch-Irish  descent. 
His  grandfather  was  a  carpenter  and  came  from  Winchester,  Va. 
The  history  of  the  family  shows  them  to  have  been  farmers  and 
mechanics,  and  many  of  the  family  liave  succeeded  in  accumulating 
a  fair  share  of  tlijs  world's  goods.  Mr.  Hoge,  unlike  his  ancestors, 
has  turned  his  attention  to  study  rather  than  to  making  money.  He 
has  given  most  of  his  time  to  organ  building,  and  has  also  engaged 
in  repairing  all  kinds  of  machinery,  making  sun  dials,  building  flying 
shuttle  looms,  etc.  Mr.  Hoge  has  made  twelve  organs,  and  his 
knowledge  of  almost  any  kind  of  com])licated  machinery  gives  evi- 
dence of  unusual  mechanical  genius.  The  greater  part  of  his  life 
has  been  spent  in  Waynesburg.  He  attended  the  common-school 
and  college,  and  early  in  life  began  to  develop  a  taste  for  mechanics, 
being  able  to  repair  clocks  and  watches  when  a  mere  boy.  For  sev- 
eral years  he  was  engaged  with  a  Pittsburgh  firm,  in  tuning  pianos 
and  organs,  and  from  some  of  the  most  celebrated  musicians  of  the 
United  States  his  work  has  received  the  highest  endorsements,  among 
which  is  the  following: 

"  Mr.  Nokval  Ho(rE — My  Dear  Sir:  "  Allow  me  to  compliment 
you  upon  the  nuignificent  manner  in  which  you  tuned  the  piano  for 
our  use.  I  have  never,  outside  of  Boston  and  New  York,  met  with 
an  instrument  that  stood  so  splendidly  to  pitcli  throughout  our  entire 
programme.  It  certainly  shows  the  work  of  an  artist.  Accept  my 
own  and  company's'  thanks  for  your  care.     Yours, 

"  Lem  H.  Wiley,  AValter  Emerson." 


histohy  of  greenk  count v.  671 

Mr.  lloge  also  repairs  and  runs  steam  engines,  and  since  188G 
has  run  the  engine  at  the  roller  mills  at  Waynesburg.  In  1856  lie 
married  Catharine  M.,  daughter  of  Reasin  lluffman,  and  they  have 
four  children,  viz.:  Mary  Elizabeth,  Almira  Jane,  Minnie  May  and 
Thomas  J.  The  family  are  members  of  the  Wayneshnrg  Baptist 
Church. 

ASA  B.  HOGE,  commercial  traveler,  was  born  in  Morgan  Town- 
ship, Greene  Connty,  Penn.,  September  23,  1811,  and  is  a  son  of 
Solomon  and  liachel  (IIuss)  Hoge,  natives  of  this  State.  His  father, 
who  was  a  miller  and  grain  speculator,  was  born  in  this  county  in 
1803,  and  died  in  Waynesburg  in  1878.  Mr.  Hoge's  grandparents, 
who  were  natives  of  Virginia,  and  of  Scotch-Irish  extraction,  were 
members  of  the  Society  of  Friends.  His  father's  family  consisted  of 
eight  children,  of  whom  Asa  B.  is  the  lifth.  He  was  reared  in  his 
native  county  and  received  his  education  in  the  old  Greene  Academy 
at  Carraichaels,  Penn.  Mr.  Hoge  remained  with  his  parents  nntil 
eighteen  years  of  age,  when  he  went  to  Baltimore,  Md.,  and  was  for 
two  years  employed  as  a  clerk  in  a  store.  He  then  went  to  Pitts- 
burgh, Penn.,  and  was  salesman  in  a  large  jobbing  house  for  a  period 
of  twelve  years.  In  1870  he  went  to  Philadelphia  and  accepted  his 
present  position  as  traveling  salesman,  visiting  the  larger  towns  and 
cities  throughout  Pennsylvania  and  Virginia.  Mr.  Hoge  has  made 
his  own  way  in  the  world.  He  meets  with  success  in  his  business, 
and  is  the  owner  of  valuable  property  on  Main  street  in  AVaynesburg. 
lie  was  united  in  marriage  in  1877  with  Miss  Mary,  daughter  of 
John  and  Jane  (Walker)  Phelan,  and  sister  to  Richard  Plielan,  a 
prominent  attorney  of  the  AVaynesburg  bar.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hoge 
have  a  bright  and  interesting  family  of  two  little  daughters — Jane 
P.  and  Mary  Frances. 

JAMES  M.  HOGE,  attorney  at  law,  was  born  in  this  county  June 
16,  1853.  He  is  a  son  of  Solomon  and  Sarah  (OverturfF)  Hoge,  na- 
tives of  Pennsylvania,  and  of  Scotch- Irish  extraction.  His  father 
was  a  farmer  and  also  justice  of  the  peace  for  many  years,  and 
died  December  6,  1871.  James  M.  is  the  second  son  in  a  family 
of  twelve  children,  all  but  one  of  whom  grew  to  maturity.  His 
paternal  ancestors  were  Quakers  and  among  the  pioneer  settlers 
of  this  county.  Mr.  Hoge  received  his  education  in  Waynes- 
burg College.  He  made  a  special  study  of  surveying,  and  has 
devoted  much  of  his  time  to  that  business.  He  studied  law  with 
Hon.  C.  A.  Black,  at  Waynesburg,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1882.  In  1883  he  clerked  in  the  prothonary 's  office,  and  on  the  death 
of  prothonotary,  was  appointed  by  Governor  Pattison  to  fill  unexpired 
term,  and  in  1885  was  appointed  notary  pul)lic,  at  the  same  time 
engaging  in  the  practice  of  law.  He  was  married  in  1878  to  Martha 
M.,  daughter  of  John   McNeely.     Mrs.   Hoge   is  of  Irish  descent. 


672  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

They  have  one  child — Owen  Solomon.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Iloge  are 
members  of  the  Baptist  Chnrch.  He  is  a  Democrat,  and  has  passed 
all  the  degrees  in  subordinate  Lodge  of  I.  O.  O.  F. 

ISAAC  HOOPER,  tobacconist,  Waynesbnrg,  Penn.,  was  born  in 
Washington  County,  Penn,,  March  19,  1819,  is  a  son  of  Isaac  and 
Mary  (Steen)  Hooper,  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  and  of  Scotch  extrac- 
tion. His  lather  was  a  farmer  of  Washington  County.  His  family 
consisted  of  six  children,  of  whom  Isaac  is  the  youngest.  He  was 
reared  in  the  borough  of  Washington,  where  he  attended  school  and 
early  in  life  learned  the  cigar  maker's  trade.  In  1842  he  came  to 
Waynesburg,  where  he  has  since  engaged  in  his  present  business, 
selling  most  of  his  cigars  in  Greene  County.  Mr.  Hooper  was  mar- 
ried in  1842  to  Miss  Pebecta,  daughter  of  Samuel  Prigg.  She  was 
born  in  Washington  County,  and  is  of  German  origin.  They  have 
six  children,  viz.:  Melvina,  wife  of  A.  J.  Sowers,  a  prominent  mer- 
chant of  Waynesburg;  Saumuel  P.,  a  tobacconist;  Mary  (deceased), 
Yirginia,  wnfe  of  John  Campbell;  Margaret,  wife  of  Robert  Adams; 
and  Dora.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hooper  are  members  of  the  Baptist  Church, 
in  which  he  is  deacon.  He  is  a  Republican,  and  a  member  of  the 
I.  O.  O.  F. 

W.  A.  HOOK,  Esq.,  Waynesburg,  Penn.,  was  born  October  13, 
1838,  and  is  a  son  of  John  T.  and  Eliza  (Inghram)  Hook.  His  par- 
ents were  descendants  of  the  earliest  settlers  of  Greene  County,  and 
of  Scotch- Irish  origin.  Mr.  Hook's  father  was  a  saddler  by  trade, 
and  died  November  3,  1883,  at  Waynesburg,  where  he  had  spent  his 
life.  William  A.,  the  oldest  son,  was  reared  and  educated  in  Waynes- 
burg. He  reached  his  senior  year  in  college,  wlien  on  account  of 
sickness  he  was  compelled  to  give  up  school.  He  cause  the  law  as  his 
profession,  and  studied  in  the  office  of  Wyly  &  Buchanan,  in  Waynes- 
burg. Mr.  Hook  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  this  county  in  1871, 
and  in  1872  was  elected  district  attorney,  in  which  capacity  he  served 
for  six  years.  He  is  an  activemember  of  the  Democratic  party,  and 
a  successful  lawj'er. 

THOMAS  HOOK,  farmer,  was  born  in  Waynesburg,  Penn.,  on 
the  27th  day  of  September,  1840.  He  is  a  son  of  John  T.  and  Eliza 
(Inghram)  Hook,  also  natives  of  this  county.  His  ancestors  were 
among  the  early  settlers  of  the  county.  His  father,  who  was  a  sol- 
dier in  the  war  of  1812,  was  a  harness-maker  for  many  years,  and  in 
later  life  engaged  in  farming.  Thomas  was  reared  in  Waynesburg 
where  he  remained  until  twelve  years  of  age,  then  moved  with  his 
parents  to  a  farm  in  Franklin  Township  where  he  still  resides.  He 
attended  the  common  school,  and  early  in  life  chose  farming  as  his 
chief  occupation.  Mr.  Hook  has  been  twice  united  in  marriage — 
first,  in  18G3,  with   Miss    Sarah,  daughter  of    William   Patterson,  a 


HISTORY    OF    GREEKE    COUNTY.  g73 

pi'Oiuiuent  fanner  of  Whlteley  Township.     Their  children  ure Ida, 

wife  of  William  Ely,  and  Lucy,  a  student  in  AVaynesburg  Colleo-e. 
Mrs.  Hook  died  in  1887.  Her  husband  afterwards  married,  in  1885, 
Miss  Susan,  daughter  of  Uriah  Inghram.  She  is  a  member  of  the 
M,  E.  Church.  Mr.  Hook  is  a  Democrat,  and  has  been  school 
director  in  his  district. 

THOIMAS  HOSKINSON,  who  was  born  in  Waynesburg,  Penn.,  / 
July  9,  1834,  is  a  son  of  George  and  Sophia  (Adams)  Hoskinson,  who  / 
were  natives  of  Pennsylvania  and  of   English  origin.     His  father,/ 
who  was  a  farmer  and  merchant,  died  in  1884.     His  family  consisted/ 
of  eight  children,  of  whom  Thomas  is  the  oldest.     He  was  reared  in 
"Waynesbnrg,  and  obtained  his  education   in  the  graded  scnools  anc 
Waynesburg  College.      When    he    was  twelve  years  old  his  fathei 
moved  on  a  farm,  where  Thomas  remained  with  his  parents  until  he 
was  twenty  years  of  age.     He  then  came  to  Waynesburg  and  clerkec 
in  a  general  store.     The  main  part  of  his   business    career  has   beer 
spent   in    the    mercantile  trade.     He  was  engaged    in    business  ir. 
Waynesburg  from  1864  to  1878,  when  he  closed  out  his  business  anc 
has  since  met  with  success  as  a  salesman.     Mr,  Hoskinson  was  mar- 
ried in   Waynesburg,   in   1860,  to  Sarah  A.,  daughter  of  George  F, 
Wolfe.     Mrs.  Hoskinson  is  also  a  native  of  this  county,  and  of  Ger- 
man descent,  and  a  graduate  of  Waynesburg  College.     Their  children 
are — George  Ellsworth,   a   printer  by  trade  in    Pittsburgh,  Penn.  A 
Lida,  a  teacher  in  Topeka,  Kansas;  Lonise  T.,  Franklin,  and  Charles  I 
W.,  who  died  at  the  age  of  four  in  1877.     Mr,  and  Mrs.  Hoskinson  1 
are  prominent   members  of   the  Cumberland   Presbyterian   Church.  I 
He   is   a  leading  member  in  the  organization  of   Odd   Fellows  and  \ 
Knights  of  Honor. 

WILLIAM  R,  HUGHES,  farmer  and  stock-raiser,  was  born 
August  18,  1851,  on  the  farm  where  he  resides  near  Waynesburg, 
Penn,  He  is  a  son  of  Hiram  and  Sarah  A.  (Burks)  Hughes,  who 
were  of  English  extraction.  His  mother  was  a  native  of  V'irginia. 
His  father,  who  was  a  farmer  all  his  life,  was  born  in  Greene  Coun- 
ty, and  had  a  family  of  four  children,  two  of  whom  are  living.  He 
died  in  1854.  His  oldest  daughter  was  +he  wife  of  A.  J.  Lippencott, 
a  son  of  AVilliam  Lippencott,  who  is  a  prominent  farmer  in  Frank- 
lin Township.  William  II.  was  reared  on  the  farm  and  attended  the 
district  schools  and  the  College  at  Waynesburg.  He  taught  school 
for  a  nnmber  of  years,  but  has  made  farming  liis  chief  occupation. 
His  home  farm  contains  106  acres  of  valuable  land.  Mr.  Hughes 
was  united  in  marriage  April  23,  1878,  with  Miss  Anna,  daughter 
of  Caleb-  and  Sarah  (Greene)  Rigdon.  Her  parents  M-ere  English 
and  natives  of  Maryland.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hughes  are  the  parents  of 
three  children — Bertha,  Clarence   L.  and  Arthur  E.     Their  mother 


674  HISTORY    OF    GKEENE    COUNTY. 

is  a  devoted  ineinboi'  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.      In  politics 
Mr.  Hughes  is  a  Democrat. 

JOHN  T.  lAMS,  M.  D.,  of  the  iirra  of  lauis  &  Ullom,  physicians 
and  snrgeons,  Wayneshurg,  Penn.,  was  bom  at  Mt.  Morris,  this  county, 
March  25, 184G.  lie  is  a  son  'of  Samuel  and  Nancy  (Grimes)  lams. 
His  parents  are  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  and  of  English  extraction. 
His  father  was  a  millwright  in  early  life  and  afterward  a  farmer. 
He  now  resides  in  Center  Township,  and  is  over  seventyyears  of  age 
Dr.  lams  is  the  second  in  a  family  of  seven  children.  He  lived  with 
his  parents  on  the  farm  until  he  reached  his  eighteenth  year,  when 
he  entered  Waynesburg  College,  remaining  two  years.  He  fhen 
taught  for  three  years.  In  18(58  he  began  the  study  of  medicine  in 
the  office  of  Dr.  Gray,  of  Jacksonville,  remaining  with  him  for  one 
year.  He  then  entered  Bellvue  Medical  College  at  New  York,  where 
he  took  the  regular  course  and  graduated  in  1871.  He  practiced  at 
Jacksonville  until  1879,  when  he  moved  to  Waynesburg,  where  he 
has  since  resided.  Dr.  lams  is  a  member  of  the  State  and  county 
medical  societies,  and  was  elected  a  member  of  the  American  Medical 
Association  which  met  in  Chicaixo  in  1886.  He  was  United  States 
examining  surgeon  for  pensions  from  1880  to  1885.  He  was  com- 
missioned first  assistant  surgeon  to  the  Tenth  Regiment,  JM.  G.  P., 
May,  1888.  Dr.  lams  was  married  May  10,  1874,  to  Kate  E., 
daughter  of  Samuel  Harvey,  of  Waynesburg.  Their  children  are 
Annette  and  Samuel  Harvey. 

FREDERICK  ILLIG,  farmer  and  general  dealer,  Waynesburg, 
Penn.,  was  born  in  Germany  November  7,  1835.  His  father, 
Charles  Illig,  was  a  brewer,  and  of  his  five  children  Fred  is  the 
oldest.  He  was  the  first  member  of  the  family  to  come  to  America. 
In  1854  he  crossed  the  ocean  and  settled  in  Pittsburgh,  Penn.,  where 
he  obtained  a  position  as  clerk  in  a  store.  He  has  since  made  four 
trips  across  the  water.  Some  years  later  he  settled  in  Washington, 
Washington  County,  Penn.,  where  he  soon  became  an  active  dealer 
in  grain  and  cattle.  In  1879  he  located  at  Waynesburg,  where  he 
has  since  carried  on  a  large  business,  a  principal  feature  of  which  is 
his  creamery.  Mr.  Illig  succeeded  in  accumulating  a  handsome 
competence  for  himself  and  family.  He  owns  valuable  town  prop- 
erty in  Waynesburg  and  a  good  farm  adjoining  the  borough.  He 
also  has  two  farms  in  Washington  County,  containing  200  acres. 
Mr.  Illig  received  a  liberal  education  in  Germany.  His  success  in 
this  country  has  been  due  mainly  to  his  own  industry  and  untiring 
energy.  He  is  a  Republican  in  politics.  He  was  united  in  mar- 
riage in  Germany,  in  1854,  with  Miss  Caroline  Claser,  also  a  native 
of  Germany.  Their  children  are — Charles,  Lucy,  George,  Carrie 
and  William. 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  675 

WILLIAM  INGIIRAM,  a  retired  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was 
born  in  Franklin  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  July  31,  1822. 
lie  is  a  son  of  William  and  Elizabeth  (Rinehart)  Incrhraui,  natives  of 
this  county,  and  of  Irish  and  Dutch  extraction.  His  father,  who 
was  a  farmer,  had  a  family  of  seven  childreii,  four  daughters  and 
three  sons,  of  whom  William  is  the  youngest.  He  was  reared  in  his 
native  township,  received  his  education  in  the  old  log  school-house, 
and  has  been  a  successful  farmer  all  his  life.  He  owns  a  line  farm 
of  400  acres.  In  1851  Mr,  Inghram  married  Martha,  daughter  of 
Solomon  Hoge,  and  they  were  the  parents  of  the  following  children — 
Frank,  Alice,  James,  a  farmer;  Elizabeth,  wife  of  John  ]\Iurdock; 
Emma,  Maggie,  Jessie  and  Olive.  Their  mother  died  in  1885,  a  faith- 
ful member  of  the  Methodist  Church.  Frank,  the  oldest  of  the  family, 
was  born  June  14,  1853.  He  was  reared  in  Franklin  Township,  and 
received  his  education  in  Waynesbiirg  College.  He  started  in  life 
as  a  school  teacher,  but  subsecj^uently  began  farming  and  dealing  in 
cattle,  and  has  been  successful  in  that  business.  In  187(5  he  mar- 
ried Rebecca,  daughter  of  Uriah  Ingliram,  and  they  have  two  in- 
teresting children — Mark  and  Alice. 

JAMES  INGHRAM,  President  Judge  of  the  Fourteenth  Judicial 
District,  was  born  in  Waynesburg,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  Septem- 
ber 12,  1842.  He  is  a  son  of  Arthur  and  Elizabeth  (Cather)  Ingh- 
ram, who  were  natives  of  this  State  and  of  English  ancestiy.  His 
father  read  medicine  and  graduated  at  Jefferson  Medical  College, 
after  which  he  practiced  in  Greene  County  for  many  years.  Dr. 
Arthur  Inghram  and  wife  were  the  parents  of  five  children,  of  whom 
the  subject  of  this  sketch  is  the  fourth,  and  was  reared  in  Waynes- 
burg. He  acquired  his  education  in  the  common  schools  and 
Waynesburg  College,  graduating  in  the  classical  course  in  1859. 
He  then  commenced  the  study  of  law  in  the  office  of  Lindsey  & 
Buchanan,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1863,  and  continued  in  active 
practice  until  1883,  when  he  was  elected  president  judge.  Judge 
Inghram  was  united  in  marriage  in  1871  with  Miss  Mary,  daughter 
of  the  Hon.  C.  A.  Black,  a  prominent  attorney  of  Waynesburg. 
The  Judge  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity  and  I.  O.  O.  F. 
Mrs.  Inghram  is  a  consistent  member  of  the  Presbj'terian  Church. 

COL.  JAMES  S.  JENNINGS  was  born  in  Waynesburg,  Greene 
County,  Penn.,  August  22,  1829.  His  father,  Benjamin  Jennings, 
was  a  native  of  New  Jersey,  born  in  1779;  in  his  youth  removed 
and  located  near  Carmichaels,  Greene  County,  Penn.;  in  the  year 
1800  removed  to  and  settled  in  Waynesburg,  where  he  remained 
until  his  death,  which  occurred  in  the  year  1861.  Benjamin 
Jennings  was  a  carpenter  by  trade,  and  many  of  the  early  erected 
buildings  in  Waynesburg  and  near  by  were  the  results  of  his  in- 
dustry and  skill.     He  was  for  many  years  a  justice  of    the  peace  in 


36 


676  '  HISTORY    OF    GEEEN-E    COUNTY. 

Waynesbnrg,  and  served  one  term  as  county  cominissioner.  He  was 
twice  married,  his  last  wife  being  Elizabeth  Stockdale,  mother  to  the 
subject  of  this  notice.  Col.  Jennings  received  his  education  in  his 
native  place  at  the  public  schools  and  Waynesbnrg  College.  lie 
learned  the  printing  business  in  the  Waynesbnrg  Messenger  office, 
and  was  subsequently  for  many  years  co-editor  and  proprietor  of 
that  paper.  In  1858  he  was  married  to  Laura  E.  Weethee,  of  Athens 
County,  Ohio,  a  native  of  that  State  and  a  graduate  of  Waynesbnrg 
College.  They  have  three  children — William  C,  now  a  citizen  of 
Kansas;  Charles  B.,  a  printer  by  trade,  but  at  pi-esent  deputy  post- 
master at  Waynesbnrg;  and  Mary  L.,  who  is  also  an  assistant  in 
Waynesbnrg  postoffice.  In  18(33,  while  connected  with  the  Mes- 
senger office.  Colonel  J.  was  elected  to,  and  served  one  term  as  treas- 
urer of  Greene  County.  During  the  Gubernatorial  term  of  Governor 
Pollock,  of  Pennsylvania,  Colonel  J.  was  honored  by  appointment  of 
aid  on  the  Governor's  staff  as  Colonel,  and  the  same  honor  conferred 
on  him  by  Governor  Packer.  In  1867  Colonel  Jennings  removed 
to  a  farm  in  Athens  County,  Ohio,  where  he  remained  for  about 
twelve  years.  He  was  there  for  a  time  engaged  in  the  land  and 
mineral  business,  with  a  view  to  develop  the  mirieral  resources  of 
his  neighborhood,  and  was,  with  this  view,  connected  with  the  con- 
struction of  the  Ohio  Central  Pailroad.  Put  the  panic  of  1873 
coming  on,  the  enterprise  that  had  been  so  promising  failed  to 
materialize  in  time,  and  his  pecuniary  interests,  as  well  as  those  of 
all  concerned,  severely  sutfered.  While  in  Ohio  his  Democratic 
friends  nominated  him  as  their  candidate  for  the  State  Legislature, 
but  being  in  a  district  hopelessly  Pepuljlican,  without  success.  He 
was  urged  by  his  J)cmocratic  friends  in  his  Congressional  District, 
and  by  the  Democratic  newspapers  therein,  to  allow  his  name  to  be 
used  as  the  Democratic  candidate  for  Congress,  but  the  Colonel 
persistently  declined  the  nomination.  His  name  was  also  prominent 
before  the  State  Convention  in  Ohio  as  candidate  for  Governor  at 
the  time  Bishop  was  nominated  and  elected.  In  the  year  1879 
Colonel  J.  removed  from  Ohio  to  the  State  of  Kansas  to  take  a  fresh 
start  and  recover  from  the  money  losses  sustained  in  his  Ohio  mineral 
enterprises.  But  his  love  for  his  native  county  had  such  hold  on 
him  that  lie  concluded  to  retui'n  to  Waynesbnrg,  and  in  January, 
1883,  he  again  took  charge  of  tlie  Messenger  on  a  lease.  On  the 
election  of  Cleveland  to  the  Presidency,  in  1886,  he  was  by  him  ap- 
pointed postmaster  of  Waynesbnrg,  which  position  he  holds  at  the 
present  time,  with  his  family  around  him  as  assistants,  except  the 
son,  who  is  "  growing  up  with  the  West.'' 

WILLIAM  R.  JOHNSON,  contractor  and  builder,  was  born  in 
Cumberland  Township,  tin's  county,  Noveml)er  30,  1834,  and  is  a 
son  of  Ilichard  and  Mai-y  (Smitli)  Johnson.     His  parents  were  natives 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  677 

of  tliis  State.  Jonathan  Johnson,  his  grandfatlier,  was  born  in  Ohes- 
ter  County,  Penn.,  in  179(3,  and  came  with  his  parents  to  Greene 
County  when  llichard  Johnson  was  but  a  small  boy.  liichard  was  a 
brick-layer,  and  worked  at  his  trade  until  his  death  in  1885.  His 
family  consisted  of  nine  children,  of  whom  six  are  living.  William 
It.  is  the  fifth,  and  was  reared  in  Cumberland  Township,  on  the  farm 
with  his  parents.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  he  learned  the  brick-layer's 
trade  with  his  father,  and  has  done  considerable  business  as  a  con- 
tractor and  builder,  having  erected  most  of  the  line  buildings  in 
AVaynesburg.  Mr.  Johnson  was  united  in  marriage,  in  1855,  with 
Miss  Minerva,  daughter  of  lieuben  and  Susan  (Hayes)  Fleming. 
Her  parents  were  natives  of  Virginia,  and  of  Irish  descent.  Tiieir 
children  are — Ida,  widow  of  E.  P.  Lantz  (deceased),  and  Emma,  wife 
of  J.  A.  F.  Randolph,  Esq.  Mr.  Johnson  is  a  member  of  the  Ma- 
sonic fraternity. 

REV.  C.  F.  JORDAN,  retired  minister  of  the  Metliodist  Pro- 
testant Church,  was  born  in  (xreene  County,  Penn.,  January  22, 
1827,  and  is  a  son  of  John  and  Rebecca  (West)  Jordan.  His  parents 
were  natives  of  eastern  Pennsylvania,  and  of  English  and  German 
lineage.  His  lather  was  a  mill-wright  by  occupation.  He  was 
among  the  early  settlers  of  this  county,  and  died  in  ISS-l.  His 
family  consisted  of  nine  children,  of  whom  iive  grew  to  be  men  and 
women.  Rev.  C.  P.  Jordan  is  the  only  surviving  member  of  the 
family.  He  was  reared  in  Jefferson  Township,  and  in  Waynesburg, 
where  he  attended  school.  Early  in  life  he  learned  the  boot  and 
shoemakers  trade,  which  he  followed  as  a  business  for  iive  years.  He 
then  learned  the  carpenter's  trade,  at  which  he  worked  until  he  was 
licensed  to  preach  and  admitted  to  the  Pittsburgh  Conference.  In 
1856  he  accepted  his  first  charge,  and  for  years  has  devoted  his  time 
to  the  ministry  in  Pennsylvania,  West  Virginia  and  Ohio.  The 
greater  part  of  his  ministerial  work  has  been  in  Pennsylvania,  and 
largely  in  his  own  county.  He  has  been  an  active  member  of  the 
order  of  Odd  Fellows,  and  was  a  charter  member  of  the  Sous  of 
Temperance  society  in  this  county.  He  has  been  actively  engaged 
in  the  mission  work  of  the  church,  and  has  organized  hfteeu  Meth- 
odist Protestant  churches  during  his  ministry.  He  was  a  revivalist 
in  the  true  sense  of  the  w^ord.  In  1861  Rev.  Joi'dan  married  Mrs. 
Maria  Cunningham.  His  first  wife,  whom  he  married  in  1850,  was 
Mary,  daughter  of  Nicholas  Johnson.  She  and  her  two  children 
died  in  1854,  all  within  four  days. 

HIRAM  KENT,  of  the  firm  of  Kent  &  Driscoll,  carriage  manu- 
facturers, Waynesburg,  Penn.,  was  born  in  Center  Township,  this 
county,  July  27,  1847,  and  is  a  son  of  John  and  Keziah  (Shields) 
Kent.  His  ancestors  were  among  the  early  settlers  of  Greene 
Count}'.     His  father,  a  farmer,  had  a  family  of  thirteen  children,  of 


67S  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

wLom  Hiram  is  the  eighth,  and  was  reared  in  his  native  township. 
He  attended  the  common  schools,  and  in  early  life  learned  the  wagon- 
maker's  trade,  at  which  he  worked  until  1880,  when  he  began  his 
present  business.  In  1871  Mr.  Kent  married  Miss  Lucy  A.,  daugh- 
ter of  Dawson  McClelland,  and  they  have  three  children — Minnie 
li.,  Nancy  Maria  and  Z.  Wilber.  Mr.  Kent  is  a  Democrat,  and  a 
prominent  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  He  is  now  Noble  Grand  of 
the  Lodge,  No.  469,  in  Waynesburg. 

COL.  JOHN  M.  KENT,  born  in  Waynesburg,  Penn.,  February 
29,  1836,  is  a  son  of  Peter  M.  and  Mary  (Hook)  Kent,  who  M^ere  of 
English  and  Irish  origin.  His  father,  who  was  a  native  of  Ohio, 
came  to  Greene  County,  Penn.,  when  he  was  a  young  man,  taught 
school  for  a  number  of  years,  and  later  in  life  worked  at  the  stone- 
mason's trade.  He  died  in  1852.  Col.  Kent,  the  third  in  a  family 
of  eight  children,  was  reared  in  Greene  County,  and  received  his 
early  education  in  the  common  schools.  He  was  a  plasterer  by  trade, 
also  eno-a<re<l  in  contracting  and  buildin<»;  until  the  war  broke  out. 
He  enlisted  in  Company  I,  Eighth  Pennsylvania  Reserves,  was 
elected  First  Lieutenant  and  served  in  that  capacity  one  year.  He 
was  then  elected  Captain  for  the  remainder  of  his  term  of  service. 
He  returned  home  and  raised  a  company,  and  was  elected  Captain  of 
the  Fifth  Pennsylvania  Heavy  Artillery,  in  Company  K,  in  which 
position  he  served  until  the  close  of  the  war.  Col.  Kent  was  twice 
wounded,  tirst  at  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg,  Va.,  in  December, 
1862,  when  he  was  reported  as  among  the  killed,  having  been  pro- 
nounced by  the  physician  mortally  wounded.  The  second  time  he 
was  wounded  at  Spottsylvania.  He  participated  in  many  skirmislios 
and  ten  regular  battles,  among  which  were  the  Seven  Days'  battle  in 
front  of  Richmond,  Bull  Run,  South  Mountain  and  Antietam,  in 
1862,  and  the  Wilderness  and  Spottsylvania  battles  in  1864.  At  the 
close  of  the  war  Col.  Kent  returned  to  Waynesburg,  where  for  five 
years  he  engaged  in  his  former  business  of  contracting  and  building. 
In  1869  he  was  appointed  United  States  Store-keeper  and  Ganger, 
which  position  he  held  for  sixteen  years.  In  1874  he  enlisted  in  the 
Pennsylvania  National  Guards,  in  Company  K  of  the  Tenth  Regi- 
ment; was  elected  Captain,  and  soon  after  elected  Major.  He  was 
subsequently  elected  to  the  position  of  Lieutenant-Colonel,  in  which 
capacity  he  served  until  he  resigned  in  1887.  In  1886  he  took 
charge  of  the  Hotel  Walton,  of  which  he  was  proprietor  for  nearly 
two  years,  when  he  removed  with  his  family  to  Pittsburgh,  Penn. 
The  Colonel  was  married  September  21,  1871,  to  Nanna  A.  Wallace, 
a  native  of  Pittsburgh,  Penn.,  and  of  Scotch-Irish  descent.  They 
are  the  parents  of  two  children — William  II.  and  James  W.  Mrs. 
Kent  is  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  Chnrch.  The  Colonel  is  a 
Republican  in  politics.      He  has   served    as   a   member  of  the  town 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  679 

council,  and  as  Quartermaster  of  the  G.  A.  Yl.  I'ost  at  Wuynesburg. 
He  was  always  noted  for  his  energy  and  zeal  in  or^L^aiiizing  and  con- 
ducting military  and  civic  parades  and  demonstrations  in  his  native 
town. 

CAPT.  W.  C.  KIMBEIt,  fire  insurance  agent,  was  born  in  Fay- 
ette County,  Penn.,  April  11,  1821.  He  is  a  son  of  Benedict  and 
Mary  S.  (Yernon)  Kimber,  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  and  of  Englisli 
descent.  His  father  was  a  glass-blower  in  early  life,  but  later  was 
engaged  in  boat-making.  He  owned  and  operated  a  number  of  boats, 
and  was  for  many  years  Captain  of  a  steamboat.  The  subject  of  our 
sketch  was  the  oldest  of  a  family  of  six  children,  and  was  reared  in 
Brownsville,  Perm.,  where  he  attended  school.  When  quite  a  young 
man  he  went  on  the  river  with  his  father.  He  subsequently  became 
Captain  of  the  steamboat  "Empire,''  one  of  his  father's  boats  running 
on  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  rivers.  Capt.  Kimber  was  on  the  river 
from  1838  to  1885,  with  the  exception  of  fifteen  years.  A  part  of 
that  time  he  was  engaged  in  transporting  freight  across  the  plains, 
and  part  of  the  time  in  the  milling  business.  In  1859  he  Avas  elected 
to  the  Legislature  of  Kansas  from  Doniphan  County,  serving  the 
first  term  after  the  orcranization  of  the  State.  lie  was  married  at 
I>rownsville,  Penn.,  in  1846,  to  ]\Iiss  Dorotlia  xVnn,  daughter  of  Dr. 
Henry  AY.  Stoy.  They  were  the  parents  of  three  children,  viz:  Lewis 
E.,  book-keeper  for  the  National  Transit  Company  at  Oil  City,  Penn.; 
Charles  E.,  a  miner  in  Colorado,  and  Laura  D.,  who  died  in  Waynes- 
burg  in  1878.     Mrs.  Kimber  died  at  Oil  City  in  1883. 

I.  H.  KNOX,  editor  of  the  AVavnesburg  Rejrahlican,  was  born 
at  East  Finley,  AVashington  County*!,  Penn.,  April  23,  1862.  He  is 
a  son  of  John  S.  Knox,  who  has  been  a  merchant  and  postmaster  at 
East  Finley  for  thirty-five  years.  His  parents  were  of  English  and 
Scotch  descent.  Mr.  Knox  is  one  of  a  family  of  eight  children,  four 
of  whom  are  now  living.  He  Avas  reared  in  Washington  County, 
and  attended  AVaynesburg  College.  AYhen  he  left  Waynesburg  Col- 
lege he  was  a  member  of  the  senior  class.  During  a  period  of  three 
years  he  was  a  clerk  in  his  father's  store  at  East  Finley,  and  was  also 
for  some  time  a  salesman  in  a  dry  goods  store  at  Pittsburgh;  but  on 
leaving  college  turned  his  attention  to  journalistic  work.  In  1884 
he  bought  one-half  interest  in  the  Waynesburg  Bepublican,  in  com- 
pany with  AV.  G.  W.  Day.  Mr.  Day  retired  in  1885,  since  which 
time  Mr.  Knox  has  edited  and  had  charge  of  the  paper.  He  is  a 
Republican,  and  edits  the  only  Bepublican  newspaper  in  the  county. 
On  September  15, 1886,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Theodosia  B.,  daugh- 
*  ter  of  G.  AV.  G.  and  Carrie  (Throckmorton)  Waddell.  Mrs.  Knox 
is  a  graduate  of  AVaynesburg  College,  in  the  class  of  1884.  She  is 
of  English  descent,  and  a  member  of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian 


680  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

Ohurcli.     Mr,  Knox  is  a  memher  of  tlie  Methodist  Episcopal  Church, 
in  which  he  is  secretary  of  the  board  of  trustees. 

r.  A.  KNOX,  attorney,  Waynesbnrg,  Penn.,  was  born  in  Bent- 
leysville,  Washington  County,  November  17,  1842.  He  is  a  son  of 
William  and  Jlosannah  (Clark)  Knox.  His  parents,  who  were  natives 
of  Washington  County,  Fenn.,  were  of  Scotch  and  Irish  origin.  His 
father  was  a  carpenter  and  mill-wright  by  occupation,  and  spent  most 
of  ins  life  in  AVashington,  Allegheny  and  Greene  counties.  In  1818 
he  went  to  Allegheny  County,  and  in  1849  removed  to  Greene 
County  and  settled  in  Carmichaels,  where  he  resided  until  his  death, 
June  4,  1884.  He  was  the  father  of  three  children,  of  whom  P.  A. 
Knox  is  the  second.  Mr.  Knox  received  his  earliest  education  at  the 
public  schools  and  at  Greene  Academy,  and  subsequently  attended 
Waynesbnrg  College,  where  he  graduated  in  1864  in  the  regular 
classical  course.  He  began  teaching  school  in  1858,  when  not  quite 
sixteen  years  of  age,  and  taught  almost  every  winter  until  1868,  In 
1866  he  began  tlie  study  of  law  with  Messrs,  Wyly  and  Buchanan. 
He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1868,  and  commenced  the  practice  of 
law  in  Waynesbnrg  the  following  year.  In  March,  1869,  he  was 
a;)pointed  to  succeed  Hon.  J.  B.  Donley  as  register  in  bankruptcy 
for  the  twenty-fourth  district,  which  was  then  composed  of  Greene, 
Washington,  Beaver  and  Lawrence  counties,  Mr.  Knox,  who  is  a 
Ile])ul)lican,  holds  the  othce  of  United  States  Commissioner  by  ap 
pointment.  He  was  married  in  1868  to  Miss  .Martha  II.,  daughter 
of  James  P.  Parker.  Their  children  are  -Luelhi,  William  Parker, 
James  Albert  and  John  Clark  Knox, 

W.  T,  LANTZ,  cashier  of  the  Farmers  and  Drovers  National  Bank 
of  Waynesbnrg,  is  one  of  the  substantial  and  entei-prising  citizens  of 
Gresne  County.  He  was  born  in  Blacksville,  West  Virginia,  Octo- 
ber 25,  1842.  His  parents,  William  and  Sarah__( Thomas)  Lantz, 
were  also  natives  of  West  Virginia.  Their  tamily  coTisTsT5T}^r"nTne" 
children,  of  whom  four  are  living.  Mr.  W.  T.  Lantz  is  the  sixth 
and  was  reared  in  iilacksville  where  he  obtained  his  early  education, 
and  afterward  attended  the  college  in  Waynesbnrg.  In  1872  he 
opened  a  store  in  AVaynesburg,  and  began  taking  an  active  interest 
in  the  enterprises  of  the  county — among  which  was  the  building  of 
the  Waynesbnrg  &  Washington  Railroad.  Mr.  Lantz  was  a  member 
of  the  Iniilding  committee  with  S.  W.  Scott,  Jacob  Swart  and  others, 
and  was  also  a  director  of  the  road.  These  gentlemen  are  deserving 
of  credit  for  the  active  interest  they  manifested  in  that  enterprise. 
Again  we  find  Mr.  Lantz  and  others  taking  an  active  interest  in 
building  the  Waynesbnrg  Roller  Mills.  In  1876  he  was  elected 
president  of  the  Waynesbnrg  Agricultural  Association,  and  in  1878 
|be  was  elected  to  his  present  position  in  the  Farmers  and  Drovers 
^ank.      He  is  one  <.if  the  trustees  of  the  college,  and   a  member  of 


HISTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  081 

tile  T.  O.  O.  F.  Mr.  Lantz  was  united  in  marriage  in  Waynesburg 
with  Miss  Harriet,  daughter  of  James  A.  Buchanan,  a  prominent 
attorney  of  the  Greene  County  bar.  They  have  one  son,  an  intelli- 
gent and  promising  young  man,  named  James  for  his  grandfather. 
Mrs.  Lantz  is  a  consistent  meml)er  of  the  Presbyterian  Cliurch. 

J.  S.  LEMLEY,  sheriif  of  Greene  County,  Peun.,  was  born  in 
S])ringhill  Township,  this  county,  March  22,  1845.  He  is  a  son  of 
Israel  and  Mazy  (White)  Lemley.  natives  of  this  county,  who  were 
of  German  origin.  His  father  was  a  farmer,  and  died  at  the  early 
age  of  thirty-three.  Mr.  Lemley  was  the  youngest  in  a  family  of 
four  children — two  boys  and  two  girls.  His  ancestors  were  among 
the  early  farmers  of  Springhill  Township.  He  was  reared  on  the 
farm,  attended  the  common  school,  and  was  a  farmer  by  occupation. 
Mr.  Lemley  is  a  Democrat,  and  was  elected  sheriff  of  the  county  in 
1885.  He  was  justice  of  the  peace  .while  a  resident  of  Whitely 
Townshi]>.  In  1867  Mr.  Lemley  married  Jane,  daughter  of  David 
Lapping.  Mrs.  Lemley  is  of  Irish  descent.  Tliey  have  one  child, 
a  daughter,  Lizzie.  ]Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lemley  and  their  daughter  are 
members  of  the  Methodist  E})iscopal  Church. 

MORRIS  LEVIN O,  merchant,  of  the  firm  of  Levino  Brothers, 
was  born  in  Germany,  June  20,  1863.  His  parents,  Alexander  and 
Fannie  (Helburn)  Levino,  were  al?o  natives  of  Germany.  Mr. 
Levino's  father  was  a  teacher  in  Germany,  spending  his  life  in  that 
profession  in  which  he  was  very  successful.  Mr.  Morris  Levino,  the 
youngest  in  the  family  of  four  children,  came  to  America  in  1877, 
and  clerked  for  three  months  in  Xew  York  City.  He  then  went  to 
Lewisburg,  Penn.,  where  he  was  employed  as  a  salesman  for  a  period 
of  two  years.  In  18S0  he  became  the  junior  member  of  the  firm  of 
A,  Levino  6z  Brother,  of  Waynesburg.  In  1882  they  established  a 
branch  store  at  Mercer,  Penn.,  and  have  been  very  successful  in  the 
business.  The  subject  of  our  sketch  has  charge  of  the  Waynesburg 
store,  where  may  be  found  everything  usually  found  in  a  first-class 
clothincr  house.  Mr.  Levino  was  united  in  raarriao'e,  January  18, 
1888,  with  Miss  Sophie  Stern.  She  was  born  in  Xew  York  City, 
February  17,  1868,  and  is  the  daughter  of  Herman  Stern,  of  Alle- 
gheny, Penn. 

IION.  JAMES  LINDSEY,  deceased,  was  an  attorney  and 
counselor  at  law.  He  was  born  near  Jefferson  Borough,  November 
21,  1827,  and  was  a  son  of  John  and  Anne  (Collins)  Lindsey,  who 
were  natives  of  Greene  County,  and  of  Scotch-Irish  extraction.  His 
father  was  a  farmer  and  subsequently  sheriff'  and  prothonotary  and 
spent  his  life  in  this  county.  Judge  Lindsey  was  the  oldest  in  a 
family  of  eleven  children,  and  was  reared  on  a  farm  in  Jefferson 
Township.  He  was  educated  at  the  Greene  Academy  in  Cumber- 
land Township,  and  studied  law  in  AYaynesburg,  where  he  practiced 


g82  IIISTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

his  chosen  profession  until  1863,  when  he  was  elected  President 
Judge  of  the  fourteenth  judicial  district,  then  composed  ot  Washing, 
ton,  Fayette  and  Greene  Counties.  He  was  a  Democrat  and  a  suc- 
cessful business  man  and  was  noted  for  his  honesty  and  integrity  as 
well  as  for  his  scholarly  attainments.  In  1855  Judge  Lindsey  was 
united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Sarah,  daughter  of  Dr.  Arthur 
Incrhram,  and  a  sister  to  the  President  Judge  of  the  fourteenth 
judicial  district,  Hon.  James  Inghram.  He  died  at  the  early  age  of 
thirty- seven  years.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lindsey  were  born  four  chil- 
dren. Arthur  I.,  the  oldest,  was  born  ^at  Waynesburg,  July  10, 
1856.  He  was  educated  in  Waynesbui-g  College,  and  in  1874  began 
clerking  in  the  F.  &  D.  National  I^ank  of  Waynesburg,  in  which  he 
is  now  assistant  casliier.  He  is  a  Democrat,  and  is  among  the  most 
prominent  young  men  of  the  county.  The  three  remaining  children 
are  William  W.  and  John  H.#who  are  in  the  West,  and  Annie  L. 
Judge  Lindsey  was  a  Presbyterian,  and  his  widow  is  a  member  of 
the  JVEethodist  Episcopal  Church. 

H.  H.  LINDSEY,  merchant,  who  was  born  in  Jefferson  Borough, 
this  county,  October  27,  1823,  is  a  son  of  James  and  Catharine 
(Shroyer)  Lindsey.  His  parents  were  also  natives  of  Greene  County, 
and  of  Scotch-Irish  descent.  ^h\  Lindsey's  grandfather,  James 
Lindsey,  built  the  first  brick  hotel  in  Jefferson  Borough,  where  he 
spent  the  remainder  of  his  life.  Mr.  Hiram  Lindsey  was  the  second 
in' a  famil}'  of  three  children  and  was  reared  in  Jefferson  where  he 
attended  scliool.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  l)egan  to  clerk  in  a  store 
and  was  engaged  as  a  salesman  till  1850,  when  he  opened  a  general 
store  and  continued  in  that  Imsiness  for  twenty-five  years.  In  1809 
Mr.  Lindsey  was  elected  prothonotary  of  the  county,  served  one  term 
and  was  re-elected  in  1872.  In  1870  he  removed  to  Chicago, 
Illinois.  Returning  to  Waynesburg  in  1881,  he  has  since  been  en- 
gaged in  the  mercantile  business.  In  1847  Mr.  Lindsey  married 
Miss  Sarah,  daughter  of  Philip  Minor.  ]\[rs.  Lindsey  is  a  native  of 
Greene  County,  and  of  AVelsh  origin.  Their  children  are — William 
L.,  for  the  last  twenty-one  years  with  J.  V.  Farwell  *k  Co.,  Chicago, 
111.  James  M.  who  is  a  clerk  in  the  United  States  revenue  ofiice 
at  Pittsburgh,  Penn.;  Laura,  wife  of  Robert  D.  Myers,  of  Chicago; 
Margaret,  wife  of  L.  L.  Minor,  Esq.,  of  Uniontown,  Penn.;  Anna, 
and  George  P.,  who  is  with  Farwell  &  Co.,  of  Chicago.  The  de- 
ceased are  Helen,  wife  of  W.  A.  Bane,  and  Jessie.  Mr.  Lindsey  is 
a  member  of  the  I.  O.  ().  F.  and  A.  Y.  M.,  and  his  wife  is  a  faithful 
member  of  the  Presbytel'ian  Church.  They  are  among  the  repre- 
sentative citizens  of  Waynesburg,  Penn. 

WILLIAM  LIPPE.NX^OTT,  Sr.,  iarmer,  Waynesburg,  Penn., 
was  born  in  Franklin  Ttiwnship,  this  county,  October  14,  1812.  He 
is  a  son  of  Uriah  and  Nancy  Lippencott,  natives  of  New  Jersey,  and 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  633 

of  Englisli  descent.  Mr.  William  Lippencott's  grandfather  was 
among  the  earliest  settlers  of  Greene  County,  and  engaged  in  farm- 
ing and  stock  growing.  lie  gave  his  son  Uriah  instructions  in  the 
art  of  husbandry — a  bnsiness  he  followed  all  his  life,  except  the  time 
he  spent  in  teaching  school.  His  death  occurred  in  1855.  William 
Lippencott  is  the  fifth  in  a  family  of  eight  children,  and  was  reared 
on  the  farm  where  he  and  his  family  reside.  Like  his  ancestors,  he 
chose  farming  and  stock  growing  as  a  i)usiness  and  has  been  very 
successful.  His  home  farm  contains  -iOO  acres  of  valuable  land.  Mr. 
Lippencott  was  united  in  marriage,  in  1832,  with  Rachel,  daughter 
of  George  and  Margaret  (Bowen)  Ullom,  and  they  are  the  parents  of 
iive  children,  viz.,  Uriah,  Margaret,  Melissa,  Martha  and  Maria. 
Mrs.  Lippencott  died  in  1848.  In  1849  Mr.  Lippencott  married 
liebecca,  daughter  of  Sylvanns  and  Rachel  (Pew)  Smith,  natives  of 
New  Jersey,  and  of  English  lineage.  Their  children  are — Smith, 
A.  J.,  Elisha,  Rachel  A.,  B.  F.  and  Sylvanns  I.  Mr.  Lippencott  has 
filled  the  offices  of  assessor,  dii-ector  of  the  poor  and  school  director. 
Mrs.  Lippencott  is  a  consistent  member  of  the  Methodist  Protestant 
Church. 

H.  C.  LUCAS,  druggist,  was  born  at  Hopewell,  Greene  County, 
Penn.,  August  23,  1859,  and  is  a  son  of  Samuel  and  Maria  (Nicely) 
Lucas.  His  parents  were  born  in  Pennsylvania — the  former  in 
AVashington  County,  and  the  latter  in  Greene.  They  were  of 
Scotch-L'ish  origin.  Llis  father  was  a  merchant  and  carried  on 
business  in  this  county  for  several  years.  He  conducted  a  general 
mercantile  bnsiness  in  AYaynesburg,  died  at  Kenton,  Ohio  in  18(33.  Of 
his  family  of  six  children,  Harry  C,  is  the  fifth.  But  three  of  the 
children  are  now  living.  Mr.  Lucas,  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
spent  most  of  his  early  life  with  his  grandparents  in  Ross  County, 
Ohio,  on  the  tarm  where  he  attended  the  district  schools.  He  was 
afterwards  a  student  in  AYaynesburg  College  for  three  years.  In 
1876  he  went  into  a  store  to  learn  his  present  business,  aad  was  a 
faithful  student.  In  1882  he  accepted  a  position  as  prescription 
clerk  in  a  large  drug  store  at  Pittsburg,  Penn.,  and  remained  there 
for  two  years,  closely  confining  himself  to  his  work.  He  returned 
to  AVaynesburg  in  1884  and  opened  a  drug  store  on  Main  street. 
As  a  business  man  Mr.  Lucas  is  spoken  of,  by  those  who  know  him 
best,  as  a  high-minded,  honorable  gentleman.  He  is  a  Republican, 
and  an  active  member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 

A.  B.  MILLER,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.,  now  president  of  AVaynesburg 
College,  was  born  near  Brownsville,  Fayette  County,  Penn.,  October 
16,  1829.  His  parents,  Moses  and  Mary  (Knight)  Miller,  were  re- 
spectively of  German  and  English  descent.  The  sul)ject  of  this 
sketch  was  the  fourth  of  ten  children,  eight  of  wliom  grew  up,  seven 
being  still  alive  and  in  active  life.     His  school  opportunities  in  boy- 


684  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

liood  were  very  iiieacrre,  because  of  a  dissension  wliich  closed  tlie 
district  school  for  several  years,  during  which  his  youth  was  spent  ou 
a  farm  where  his  parents  resided  until  his  father's  death  in  1859.  In 
1847  he  entered  Greene  Academy,  at  Carinichaels,  Penn.,  spending 
there  three  summers,  and  teaching  in  the  winters,  his  first  effort  be- 
ing near  Greenfield,  AVashington  County,  Penn.,  which  proved  so 
successful  as  to  place  at  liis  option  four  terms  in  the  school  of  his 
home  district.  A  few  months  before  twenty-one  he  was  licensed  to 
preach  by  Union  Presbytery  of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church, 
his  first  field  being  Masontown,  Penn.,  where,  within  a  few  months 
he  secured  the  erection  of  a  house  of  worship,  his  first  preaching  be- 
ing in  a  school-house.  In  the  autumn  of  1851,  l)y  earnest  entreaty, 
he  gained  the  consent  of  his  presbytery  for  his  return  to  school,  and 
entered  Waynesburg  College  at  the  very  opening  of  the  institution 
in  tlie  first  buildincr.  At  his  a^raduation  in  1853  he  was  elected 
Professor  of  Mathematics  in  his  Alma  ]\Iater,  and  in  1858  was  ad- 
vanced to  the  position  of  President,  which  he  has  occupied  continu- 
ously. It  is  perhaps  within  the  bounds  of  truth  and  justice  to  say 
that,  all  things  considered,  the  success  of  Waynesburg  College  has 
been  so  remarkable  as  to  present  few  parallels.  It  has  now  property 
and  endowment  fund  valued  at  considerably  over  $100,000,  all  ac- 
quired little  by  little  through  persistent  effort  covering  many  years. 
The  new  college  edifice  is  capacious,  substantia],  and  a  marvel  of 
architectural  beauty,  of  which  the  St.  Louis  Observer  perhaps  justly 
says,  in  referring  to  Dr.  Miller's  recent  call  to  a  University  in  Illi- 
nois, that  '•  all  who  are  acc^uainted  with  the  facts  will  agree  that  this 
building  would  not  have  been  there  but  for  the  untiring  labors  of 
Dr.  Miller."  The  alumni  of  the  college  now  number  hundreds, 
many  of  them  being  men  and  women  of  distinction  in  their  spheres 
of  useful  work.  In  connection  with  his  college  work  Dr.  Miller 
preached  regularly  to  the  Waynesburg  Cumberland  Presbyterian 
Church  for  ten  years,  and  for  several  years  owned  and  publislied  the 
C umherland  Presbyterian  while  preaching  twice  of  Sundays  and 
teaching  daily  six  hours  in  the  college,  and  supplementing  all  this, 
while  largely  managing  the  financial  affairs  of  the  college,  with  an 
immense  amount  of  lecturing  for  teachers'  institutes,  on  temperance, 
etc.,  and  with  all  this  maintaining  such  health  as  to  be  spoken  of  as 
"  the  man  who  is  uever  sick."  In  1855  he  married  Margaret  K. 
Bell,  then  principal  of  the  female  department  of  Waynesburg  Col- 
lege, a  position  she  held  until  her  death,  in  April,  1874,  her  labors 
being  so  efficient,  and  her  life  so  noble,  as  to  leave  among  the  people 
who  knew  her  an  admiration  that  is'  little  short  of  worship.  From 
this  marriage  came  eight  children,  of  whom  seven  still  survive,  the 
death  of  one  resulting  from  an  accident  in  infancy.  The  oldest  is 
the  well  known  Mrs.  Lide  Simpson,  wife  of  Dr.  Theodore  P.  Simp- 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  085 

son,  of  Beaver  Falls,  Penn.  The  second  daughter,  Lucy,  is  the  wife 
of  Prof.  W.  M.  Peach,  Late  president  of  Odessa  College,  Missouri, 
now  a  student  in  Jetferson  ISIedical  College.  The  oldest  son,  Lieut. 
Albert  B.  Miller,  is  pursuing  medical  studies,  and  will  enter  Jeffer- 
son College  in  the  autumn;  and  the  younger  children,  Miss  Haddie, 
Miss  Jessie,  Howard  B.  and  Alfred  Tennyson  are  at  home  with  their 
father,  the  home  management  being  now  in  the  hands  of  Mrs.  Jennie 
(Wilson)  Miller,  wife  of  Albert  B.  If  success  and  perseverance  are 
evidence  of  ability,  it  cannot  be  doubted  that  Dr.  Miller  is  a  man  of 
marked  endowment  in  all  his  lines  of  effort,  to  which  he  adds  that  of 
almost  boundless  capacity  to  "work,  which  someone  has  declared  to 
be  itself  genius.  While  he  has  certainly  not  earned  the  reputation 
of  having  enriched  himself,  his  long  continued  and  arduous  labors 
have  enriched  many  with  high  qualiUcations  for  success  and  useful 
ness,  and  will  leave  the  people  of  Waynesburg  and  Greene  County 
the  legacy  of  Waj^nesburg  C^ollege. 

ISAAC  MITCHELL,  retired  farmer  and  resident  of  Waynesburg, 
was  born  in  Washington  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  Septem- 
ber 9,  1816.  His  parents  were  Shadrick  and  Margaret  (Rinehart) 
Mitchell.  The  former  was  a  native  of  Maryland  and  the  latter  of 
Greene  County,  Penn.  They  were  of  English  and  German  ancestry. 
]\Ir.  Shadrick  Mitchell  was  a  farmer  and  stone-mason,  and  in  early 
life  followed  his  trade.  He  purchased  land  in  what  is  now  Wash- 
ington Township  in  1799,  and  settled  and  remained  there  until  his 
death,  which  occurred  in  1803.  He  was  then  ninety-seven  years  old. 
The  farm  he  purchased  is  still  in  the  possession  of  the  family.  He 
was  the  father  of  five  daughters  and  five  sons,  of  whom  Mr.  Isaac 
Mitchell  is  the  youngest.  He  was  reared  in  Washington  Township, 
on  the  farm  that  has  been  in  T:)Ossession  of  the  familj^  for  eighty-nine 
years.  He  made  farming  his  business  and  has  been  very  successful, 
owning  at  present  300  acres  of  fine  land  besides  other  property.  He 
moved  to  Waynesburg  in  1877,  since  which  time  he  has  been  living 
a  retired  life.  Mr.  Mitchell's  political  views  are  Democratic,  and  he 
served  two  terms  as  overseer  of  the  poor  of  Greene  County.  Mr. 
Mitchell  was  united  in  marriage  October  4,  1838,  with  Elizabeth 
Barnes,  whose  parents  M-ere  Jacob  and  Pha?be  (Crayne)  Barnes.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Mitchell  are  the  parents  of  six  children — Margaret  P., 
Mary  E.,  Lucy,  Thomas,  George  and  Ross.  Mrs.  Mitchell  is  a  con- 
sistent member  of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church. 

T.  P.  MOFFETT,  merchant  tailor,  Waynesburg,  Penn.,  was  born 
at  Carmichaels,  Penn.,  December  8,  1854.  He  is  a  son  of  Richard 
and  Rebecca  (Jackson)  Moflett,  who  were  of  Scotch  and  English  ex- 
traction. His  mother  was  a  native  of  this  county.  His  father,  a 
native  of  ]\[aryland,  was  a  merchant  tailor,  and  for  many  years  car- 
ried on  a  successful  business  at   Carmichaels.     His  family  consisted 


686  HISTORY    OF    GllEENE    COUNTY. 

of  four  cliiklreii — all  l)oys — of  wlioni  the  su1)ject  of  this  sketch  is 
the  second.  He  was  reared  in  Carmiehaels  and  educated  in  Greene 
Academy.  He  very  naturally  learned  to  be  a  tailor  with  his  father, 
serving  a  regular  apprenticeship.  He  afterwards  learned  cutting 
with  the  well  known  J.  B.  West,  of  New  York  City.  Mr.  Moffett 
engaged  in  business  in  West  Elizabeth  for  a  period  of  three  years. 
In  1877  he  commenced  business  in  Waynesburg,  where  he  does  first- 
class  woi'k,  keeps  good  materials  and  always  guarantees  satisfaction 
to  his  many  customers.  Mr.  Moffett  was  united  in  marriage  in  1877 
with  Emma  R.,  daughter  of  Abner  W.  Beddell.  Mrs.  Moffett  is  a 
native  of  Allegheny  County,  Penn.,  and  a  member  of  the  Cum])er- 
land  I^resbyterian  Church  at  Waynesburg.  They  have  two  children 
— Edwin  Richard  and  P'annie  Blanche.  Mr.  Moffett  is  a  Republi- 
can, and  a  member  of  the  Knights  of  Honor. 

-JOHN  A.  MOORE,  liveryman,  of  the  firm  of  Moore  &  Hill, 
was  born  in  Whiteley  Township,  this  county,  June  9,  1818,  and  is  a 
son  of  Thomas  and  Rachel  (Maple)  Moore.  His  mother  was  born 
in  Maryland  and  was  of  English  extraction.  His  father,  who  was  a 
farmer  all  his  life,  was  of  Irish  lineage,  and  a  native  of  Greene 
County.  His  family  consisted  of  ten  children,  eight  of  whom  gi-ew 
to  maturity.  Mr.  Moore  attended  the  district  schools  of  Whiteley 
Township,  and  worked  on  a  farm  until  he  became  of  age,  then  taught 
school.  He  then  began  clerking  in  a  general  store,  and  remained 
there  three  years.  Mr.  Moore  subsequently  engaged  in  selling  bug- 
gies and  continued  that  business  for  a  period  of  eight  years.  In 
1885,  in  company  with  F.  M.  Patterson,  he  engaged  in  his  present 
business  in  Waynesburg,  where  the}^  keep  a  first-class  livery  stable 
and  have  a  fair  share  of  the  patronage.  Mr.  Patterson,  in  1888,  sold 
his  interest  to  Mr.  S.  M.IIill.  Mr.  Moore  was  united  in  marriage,  Octo- 
ber  6,  1872,  with  Miss  Eliza  M.,  daughter  of  Eaton  Rose,  and  they 
have  one  child — Golda  Myrtle.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Moore  are  members 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  South.  He  is  a  Democrat,  and 
a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F, 

WILLIAM  II.  MORRIS,  farmer  and  stock-dealer,  Waynesburg, 
Penn.,  was  born  in  this  county  April  23,  1847,  and  is  a  son  of  Jacol) 
and  Nancy  (Jewel)  Morris.  His  father  is  an  active,  energetic  busi- 
ness man  and  prominent  farmer  of  Greene  County,  and  has  suc- 
ceeded in  accumulatiuir  a  fair  share  of  this  world's  <2:oods.  His 
family  consists  of  nine  children,  of  whom  William  II.  is  next  to  the 
oldest.  He  was  reared  on  the  farm  with  his  parents,  and  after  re- 
ceiving a  limited  education  in  the  district  schools  started  out  in  life 
as  a  huckster.  He  subsequently  started  a  general  store  at  Ilolbrook, 
Penn.,  where  he  continued  in  business  until  1878,  then  bought  his 
]»resent  farm  where  he  resides  in  Franklin  Township.  In  1873  Mr. 
Morris  married   Miss   Sallie,  daughter  of  Benjamin   Huffman,   and 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  6g7 

tlicy  have  seven  children,  viz:  Milton,  Euiamiel,  Jacob,  Anna,  Frank, 
Gny  and  Nannie.  Mr.  Morris  is  a  llepul^lican.  llis  wife  is  a 
devoted  member  of  the  Baptist  Church. 

HON.  ROBERT  A.  McCONNELL,  attorney  at  law,  Waynes- 
burg,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  was  born  October  29,  1826,  at  New 
London,  ten  miles  south  of  Lynchburg,  Virginia.  He  is  the  son  of 
James  and  Elizabeth  (Lackey)  McConnell,  Avho  were  natives  of 
Franklin  County,  Penn.,  and  of  Scotch-Irish  lineage.  The  subject 
of  our  sketch  came  from  the  pure  Celtic  stock,  his  great-grand- 
father, Robert  McConnell,  being  a  native  of  County  Antrim,  Ire- 
land, and  born  in  1(395.  His  ancestors  went  from  Scotland  to  the 
Green  Isle  in  the  Sixteenth  century.  Robert  McConnell  and  wife 
emigrated  to  the  American  colonies,  settling  in  Franklin  County, 
Penn.,  where  he  died  in  1770.  The  members  of  the  family  have  oc- 
cupied many  exalted  positions  and  offices  of  trust.  They  have  par- 
ticipated in  all  the  wars  of  America.  James  ]\[cConnell,  grandfather 
of  Robert  A.,  served  as  a  captain  through  the  Revolutionarj^  war. 
After  the  close  of  the  war  he  returned  to  Franklin  County,  where 
he  served  as  justice  of  the  peace  and  as  county  commissioner  for 
several  years.  From  1804  to  1806  he  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Legislature  of  Pennsylvania.  Robert  A.  McConnell's  father,  James 
McConnell,  was  born  in  Franklin  County,  Penn.,  October  9,  1784, 
being  the  fourth  son  in  a  family  of  twelve  children.  In  1808  he 
was  united  in  marriage  with  Elizabeth  Luckey,  who  was  born  near 
Winchester,  Virginia,  April  5,  1785.  Their  children  numbered 
eleven,  of  whom  lion.  Robert  McConnell  is  the  tenth.  The  family  have 
usually  been  Presbyterians.  James  McConnell  graduated  at  Jeffer- 
son College,  in  1805,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1810.  On  ac- 
count ot  failing  health  he  had  to  abandon  his  profession  and 
subsequently  engaged  in  teaching.  Having  come  to  Greene  County 
in  1828  and  resided  on  a  farm  in  Morris  Township,  where  Robert 
A.,  the  subject  of  our  sketch  was  reared.  He  attended  the  common 
schools  and  in  1845  entered  the  West  Alexander  Academy.  He 
subsequently  attended  Washington  College  where  he  graduated  in 
1851.  He  then  began  the  study  of  law  at  Waynesburg,  in  the  office 
of  Hon.  C.  A.  Black  and  John  Phelan.  He  was  admitted  to  the 
practice  in  1854  and  was  elected  district  attorney  in  1858,  serving 
six  years.  In  1870  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature,  where 
he  introduced  a  number  of  important  bills  and  was  a  strong  advocate 
of  local  option.  In  1872,  when  the  members  of  the  Legislature  made 
the  Speaker  a  present  of  $500  worth  of  silverware,  Mr.  McConnell 
was  selected  to  make  the  presentation  speech.  On  January  5, 1888, 
he  was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Sallie  E.  Arrison,  of.  Waynes- 
l)urg,  Penn.  Mr.  McConnell  is  a  Democrat,  and  an  elder  and  useful 
member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church.     He  is  a  member  of  the  board 


688  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

uf  trustees  of  AVaynesbiirg  College.  Since  the  death  of  his  brotlier, 
Joseph  L.  McConnell,  he  has  been  employed  in  settling  np  the 
estate. 

JOSEPH  L.  McCOXNELL  (deceased),  snrveyor  and  civil  en- 
gineer, who  was  born  in  Virginia,  August  25,  1814,  was  a  son  of 
Jamas  and  Elizabeth  (Luckey)  McConnell,  being  the  fourth  in  their 
family  of  eleven  children.  Ills  early  childhood  was  spent  in  Vir- 
ginia, but  at  the  age  of  fourteen  years  he  came  with  his  parents  to 
Greene  County,  Penn.  He  received  a  good  English  education  and 
devoted  much  of  his  time  to  the  study  of  surveying.  He  first  began 
surveying  in  1836  and  followed  that  as  a  business  for  many  years. 
He  also  made  a  map  of  the  county  which  is  very  correct.  Mr.  Mc- 
Connell was  a  very  clever  and  genial  man  and  had  a  large  acquaint- 
ance throughout  the  county.  He  was  married.  May  11,  1859,  to 
Miss  Anna  Luckey,  and  died  January  31,  1875.  He  was  a  Dem- 
ocrat and  he  and  his  Avife  were  members  of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 

SxVMUEL  J.  McNAY. — Among  the  prominent  and  wealthy 
farmers  of  Greene  County  we  mention  the  name  of  Samuel  J.  Mc- 
IS^ay.  Mr.  McXay  was  born  December  11,  1821,  on  the  farm  in 
Franklin  Township  where  he  now  resides.  His  parents,  James  and 
Anna  (Dickenson)  MciS^ay,  were  natives  of  Pennsylvania  and  were 
among  the  pioneers  of  the  State.  Mr.  McNay  is  the  second  of  a 
family  of  eleven  children — eight  sons  and  three  daughters.  He  was 
reared  on  the  farm  and  attended  the  common  schools.  Early  in  life 
he  chose  farming  as  his  business,  in  which  he  has  met  M'itli  marked 
success  and  is  the  owner  of  1,329  acres  of  land.  For  a  number  of 
years  he  has  operated  a  saw-mill,  and  has  done  most  of  his  own  work. 
In  1845  Mr.  McXay  married  Miss  Priscilla  Mollord  and  they  were 
the  parents  of  six  children,  only  two  of  whom  are  living— Melissji, 
wife  of  John  Baldwin,  and  Lucy,  wife  of  George  Knox.  Mrs.  McNay 
died  in  1875,  a  faithful,  loving  wife  and  devoted  mother.  Mr.  Mc- 
Nay was  again  united  in  marriage,  in  1882.  with  Miss  Mary  J., 
daughter  of  Jesse  Adams,  a  Cumberland  Presbyterian  minister. 
They  are  the  parents  of  two  children — Luella  G.  and  Jessie.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  McNay  are  membei's  of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian 
Church,  in  which  he  has  been  elder  for  many  years.  He  is  a  Dem- 
ocrat, and  has  served  as  school  director  in  his  township. 

JESSE  P.  ORNDOFF,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  Waynesburg, 
Penn.,  was  born  in  Greene  County,  Pennsylvania,  October  6,  1857, 
and  is  a  son  of  Jesse  and  Susan  (Wear)  Orndoif.  His  father  was 
also  a  native  of  this  county,  and  his  mother  was  born  in  Virginia. 
His  father  is  a  prominent  farmer  of  Center  Township,  where  Jesse 
was  reared  and  received  his  early  education.  Mr.  Orndoff  is  one  of 
the  most  industrious  farmers  of  Franklin  Township,  where  he  owns 
a  well  improved  farm.       He  was  united  in  man-iage,  in   188G,  with 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  689 

Miss  ]\rarv  L.,  (liiii^liter  of  Tliomas  and  Susannah  (Loar)  Ilnglies. 
Mrs.  Orndoff  is  of  JJutch  and  Irish  ancestry.  They  have  one  child. 
Mr.  Orndoff  is  a  Democrat,  and  one  of  tlie  representative  young 
men  of  the  county. 

NATHANIEL  PARSIiALL  deceased,  was  born  in  Fayette 
County,  Penn.,  February  12,  1824,  and  died  in  1881.  He  was  a  son 
of  James  and  Hannah  (^Coldrenj  Parshall.  His  father  was  a  farn>or 
by  occupation,  and  reared  a  family  of  eleven  children.  Nathaniel 
was  the  second  and  was  reared  in  Fayette  County,  where  he  attended 
the  district  schools.  When  twenty  years  of  age  (184:4),  he  came  to 
Greene  County  and  worked  at  the  cooper's  trade,  in  connection  with 
farming,  for  a  time,  but  subse(^uently  worked  at  the  carpentei-'s 
trade.       In  1858  Mr.  Parshall  married  Miss  Priscilla  Delaney,  and 

they  were  the  parents  of  live  children — three  boys  and    two   girls - 

Charles  T.,  Hannah,  wite  of  Elmer  Keenan;  Sarah,  wife  of  Joseph 
]\rason;  Alpheusand  Isaac  S.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Parshall  were  members 
of  the  Paptist  Church,  in  which  he  served  as  deacon  for  thirty  years. 
He  was  a  highly  respected  citizen  and  his  death  was  mourned  by  all 
who  knew  him. 

W.  W.  PATTEPSON,  register  and  recorder  of  Greene  County, 
Penn.,  was  born  in  AVhitele}'-  Township,  this  county,  September  17, 
1855.  He  is  a  son  of  James  and  Susan  (Groves)  Patterson,  who 
were  of  Scotch-Irish  descent.  His  ancestors  were  among  the  pioneer 
settlers  of  Whiteley  Township,  and  were  usually  farmers.  Mr.  Pat- 
terson was  reared  on  the  farm,  attending  the  common  schools  in  the 
county,  and  also  Waynesburg  College.  For  a  few  years  he  dev^oted 
himself  to  teaching,  having  taught  seven  terms  in  this  county.  He 
has  held  his  present  position  in  the  county  for  seven  years.  He  is  a 
Democrat,  and  has  served  on  the  school  board  of  Waynesl)urg.  In 
1885  Mr,  Patterson  married  Miss  Edith  N.  Meek,  a  consistent  mem- 
ber of  the  Eaptist  Church.  Mrs.  Patterson's  father  served  one  term 
as  county  treasurer,  and  is  a  prominent  farmer  of  Jackson  Township. 

PEV.  ALBERT  E.  PATTERSON,  of  the  firm  of  Riiiehart  tfe 
Patterson,  owners  of  the  Keystone  Marble  Works  at  Waynesburg, 
Penn.,  was  born  in  Center  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  March 
14,  18G0.  He  is  a  son  of  James  and  Mary  J.  (Parshall)  Patterson, 
who  were  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  and  of  Scotch  and  French  origin. 
His  father,  wlio  was  a  farmer  all  his  life,  was  twice  married^  His 
lirst  M'ife's  maiden  name  was  Julia  Ann  Quick.  Of  his  six  children, 
four  are  children  of  the  lii-st  wife  and  two  of  the  second.  Rev.  Al- 
bert E.  is  the  youngest.  He  was  reared  on  the  farm  and  received 
liis  education  at  Monongahela  College,  with  a  view  of  entering  the 
ministry.  He  received  a  license  in  1884,  and  was  for  some  time  a 
supply  for  the  Pates  Fork  Baptist  Church.  In  188G  Rev.  Patter- 
son was   married,   near   Uniontown,   West  Virginia,  to  Mis;:;  Elvira 


690  HISTORY    OF    GKEEISTE    COUNTY. 

Gluver.  Mr.  Patterson  expects  to  devote  bis  life  to  the  ministry,  but 
will  for  a  time  engage  in  bis  present  business,  in  wbicb  be  is  very 
successfnl. 

HON.  ALEXANDER  PATTON,  deceased,  was  born  in  Wash- 
ington County,  Penn.,  in  1819,  and  was  the  son  of  Joseph  Patton,  a 
native  of  Ireland.  Ilis  education  was  limited,  but  by  energy  and 
pluck  he  was  enabled  to  begin  the  study  of  medicine  at  Cannons- 
burg,  where  he  finally  completed  his  studies.  Tie  began  the  practice 
of  his  chosen  profession  at  Waynesburg,  remaining  there  only  a  few 
years.  He  then  removed  to  Clarksville,  Penn.,  where  his  genial  and 
gentlemanl}'  demeanor  and  professional  skill  soon  won  for  him  an 
extensive  practice.  lie  remained  in  Clarksville  until  18G5,  when  lie 
moved  to  Auburn,  near  Jefferson,  where  he  died  in  1884.  He  was 
a  successful  physician,  and  had  many  friends  in  Greene  County. 
For  many  years  he  was  an  acknowledged  leader  in  the  Democratic 
party  in  Greene  County,  and  in  1803  and  1864  he  was  elected  to 
represent  the  county  in  the  assembly.  In  1882  he  was  elected  State 
Senator.  He  was  an  active  politician,  and  able  to  carry  almost 
every  vote  in  his  township.  He  was  married  in  Greene  County  in 
1845  to  Miss  Ann,  daughter  of  Abraham  and  Mary  (Carter)  Burson, 
Mrs.  Patton's  parents  were  of  Scotch-Irish  descent  and  natives  of 
Bucks  County,  Penn.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Patton's  family  consisted  of 
nine  children.  Two  of  their  sons  are  now  residents  of  Waynes- 
burg; one,  Joseph,  is  an  attorney  and  counselor  at  law;  and  the 
other,  A.  B.,  is  a  physician  and  surgeon.  Hon.  Mr.  Patton  was 
one  of  Greene  County's  most  highly  esteemed  citizens. 

JOSEPH  PATTON,  attorney  and  counselor  at  law,  was  born  in 
Clarksville,  Penn.,  August  4,  1855.  He  is  a  son  of  Hun.  Alexander 
and  Ann  (lUirson)  Patton.  His  mother  was  a  native  of  this  coun- 
ty, and  his  father  was  born  in  Washington,  Penn.  Mr.  Patton,  the 
sixth  in  a  family  of  nine  children,  was  reared  on  a  farm  in  Jefier- 
son  Township  and  attended  the  Monongahela  College.  He  studied 
law  at  Waynesburg,  where  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  April,  1880. 
He  has  met  with  more  than  average  success  in  the  practice  of  law. 
He  was  married  in  January,  1884,  to  Miss  Ellen,  daughter  of  W. 
T.  Webb,  justice  of  the  peace  at  Waynesburg.  Mr.  Patton's  father 
was  born  in  Waynesburg  February  21,  1840,  and  is  the  son  of  W. 
T.  E.  Webb,  Esq.,  deceased.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Patton  have  one  child — 
AV'illiam  A.     Mr,  Patton  is  a  Democrat  in  politics. 

^WILLIAM  THOMPSON  HAYS  PAULEY,  editor  and  proprie- 
tor of  the  AYaynesburg  Messenger^  was  born  in  Youngstown,  Ohio, 
February  6,  1820,  and  is  a  son  of  Thomas  and  Sarah  (Hays)  Pauley, 
who  were  of  Irish  and  English  descent.  His  father,  who  was  a 
farmer,  was  born  In  Pennsylvania,  as  was  his  mother  also.  Mr.  Pauley 
is  the  second  in  a  family  of  three   sons.     He  lived   in   Youngstown, 


HISTORY    OF    GREEISTK    COUNTY.  691 

Ohio,  until  he  was  twelve  years  old.  His  f\ither  died  in  1830,  and 
two  years  later  he  came  to  Wayneshurg  and  learned  the  printer's 
trade,  lie  has  been  in  the  newspaper  business  ever  since  he  was 
thirteen  years  of  age,  except  while  at  school,  and  the  greater  part  of 
that  time  he  spent  in  the  Waynesburg  Messenger  ottice,  where  he 
learned  his  trade.  He  went  to  Oxford,  Ohio,  to  school  in  1838,  and 
remained  four  years.  In  1842  he  was  employed  by  Major  Hays  to 
publish  the  Waynesburg  Messeiujer  until  1844,  when  he  purchased 
the  paper,  which  had  been  established  in  1813,  by  Dr.  Duston.  Mr. 
Pauley  is  a  Democrat,  and  his  paper  has  been  the  supporter  of  all 
regularly  nominated  Democratic  candidates  in  the  county,  state  and 
nation.  In  1847  ho  was  elected  county  treasurer  and  served  one 
terra.  lie  was  married  in  1845  to  Miss  Mary  Jennings,  who  died 
September  2,  1887.  Their  children  are — Sarah  E.,  wife  of  Isaac 
Bell;  James  J.,  of  the  Messenger;  Benjamin  J.,  a  farmer;  John  F., 
a  printer,  and  Thomas  C.  (deceased).  Mr.  Pauley  is  a  member  of  the 
Masonic  fraternity  and  a  Sir  Knight  Templar.  He  has  been  con- 
nected with  the  Messenger  in  some  capacity,  with  the  exception  of 
the  four  years  spent  in  Oxford,  ever  since  the  14th  day  of  May,  1833. 

ZADOCK  WALKER  PIIELAN,  manufacturer,  foundryman  and 
machinist,  is  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Power  &  Plielan,  Waynes- 
burg, Penn.,  where  he  was  born  June  21,  1838.  He  is  a  son  of  John 
and  Jane  (Walker)  Phelan.  His  mother  was  born  in  Fayette  County, 
Penn.  His  father,  a  native  of  Greene  County,  was  an  attorney  by 
profession,  practiced  in  Waynesburg  for  many  years  and  represented 
his  county  in  the  State  Legislature.  His  family  consists  of  five  sons 
and  one  daughter.  Z.  AV.,  the  third  in  the  family,  was  reared  in 
Waynesburg  and  educated  in  the  college.  He  learned  the  cabinet- 
maker's trade  and  carried  on  the  furniture  business  in  Waynesburg; 
then  went  to  Kansas  and  shared  the  struggles  of  that  young  State, 
and  in  1884  he  began  his  present  business.  Mr.  Phelan's  wife  was 
Miss  Harriet,  daughter  of  J.  Wesley  Chambers  of  Washington 
County,  Penn.  They  have  three  children — Anna  W.,  John  Charles 
and  Zadock  Walker.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Phelan  are  members  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  in  which  he  has  held  many  important 
positions.  He  is  a  strong  advocate  of  the  temperance  cause  and 
votes  the  Prohibition  ticket.  lie  was  the  first  county  chairman  of 
the  party,  and  a  candidate  on  the  first  ticket  issued  by  the  party. 

R.  II.  PIIELAN,  attorney  and  counsellor  at  law,  was  born  at 
Waynesburg,  February  21,  183(3,  and  is  a  son  of  Hon.  John  and 
Jane  (Walker)  Phelan.  His  mother  was  a  native  of  Maryland,  and 
was  of  English  and  Irish  descent.  His  father,  who  was  an  attorney, 
was  born  in  this  county,  of  which  he  was  prothonotary  for  about 
twelve  years.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  in 
1867,  and  served   two   terms.     He  died  August  31,  1874.     R.  II. 

37 


092  HISTORY    OF    GRIiENE    COUNTY. 

Piielan  is  the  second  in  a  family  of  six  children.  lie  was  reared  in 
Waynesbnrg  and  attended  the  common  school  and  college.  He  went 
to  the  territory  of  Kansas  in  1854  and  remained  until  1861,  when  he 
returned  to  Waynesbnrg  and  subsequently  studied  law  in  the  office  of 
his  father  and  Hon.  C.  A.  Black.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1867,  and  has  been  in  active  practice  ever  since.  Mr;  Plielan  is  a 
Democrat,  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  town  council,  and  is  a 
trustree  of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  IHs  grandfather,  Ivichard  II. 
Phelan,  was  born  in  Ireland,  and  case  to  Greene  County,  Penn.,  at 
an  early  date.  He  served  on  the  first  grand  jury  in  lliH).  11.  II. 
Phelan  is  president  of  Green  Mount  Cemetery  Company,  treasurer 
of  the  Waynesbnrg  Park  Company,  and  a  director  in  the  Farmers' 
and  Drovers'  National  Bank"  of  AVaynesburg. 

JOHN  II.  PIPES,  clerk  of  the  courts  of  Greene  County,  Penn., 
was  born  in  Morrisville,  Penn.,  March  25,  1855,  and  is  a  son  of  James 
and  Elvira  (Rinehart)  Pipes.  His  parents  were  natives  of  I'ranklin 
Township,  and  of  English  extraction.  His  father,  who  was  a  farmer 
all  his  life,  died  September  5,  1881.  The  subject  of  our  sketch 
was  reared  in  Franklin  Township,  attended  the  common  scliool  and 
the  Monongahela  College  at  Jeflerson,  Penn.  He  lirst  engaged  in 
teaching  as  an  occupation,  teaching  in  the  winter  for  five  years  and 
mining  coal  in  the  summer.  Mr.  Pipes  is  a  Democrat,  and  was 
elected  to  his  present  position  in  1881.  In  1882  he  was  united  in 
marriage  with  Miss  Melinda,  daughter  of  William  Pitcock,  one  of 
the  early  pioneers  of  the  county.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Pipes  have  two 
children — Mary  Emma  and  Daisy.  Mr,  and  Mrs.  Pipes  are  mem- 
bers of  the  Methodist  Protestant  Church,  in  which  he  has  held  many 
offices,  and  also  served  as  superintendent  of  the  Sabbath-school.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  1.  O,  O.  F.  His  father  was  Ijorn  in  ISOO  and 
liis  mothor  in  1818.  She  is  still  living,  making  her  homo  with  John 
R.  in  Waynesbnrg,  Penn. 

D.  B.  PRATT,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  Waynesbnrg,  Penn., 
was  born  in  Franklin  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  December 
25,  1838,  He  is  a  son  of  William  Pratt,  also  a  prominent  farmer 
in  this  township,  who  was  born  in  Fayette  County,  Pemi.,  October 
13,  1814.  His  parents  were  James  and  Sallie  (I'oner)  Pratt,  also 
natives  of  Fayette  County,  and  of  English  Hneage.  William  Pratt 
owned  a  well  improved  farm  of  200  acres  in  Franklin  Township, 
where  he  died  in  1874.  He  was  a  blacksmith  by  trade,  in  which  he 
engaged  until  1854  Avhen  he  began  farming.  He  spent  most  of  his 
life  in  Greene  County,  where  he  was  united  in  raai-riage,  in  1838,  with 
Miss  Harriet,  daughter  of  Joshua  and  Catharine  (Livengood)  Thomas. 
Her  father  was  l)urn  near  Philadelphia,  Penn.,  and  was  of  Dutch 
ancestry.  Mrs.  Pratt  was  born  in  Center  Township,  this  county, 
June  2,  1820,  and  was  the  seventh  in  a  family  of  fifteen  children.   D. 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  693 

B.  Pratt,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  is  a  man  of  tireless  zeal  and 
unusual  energy,  by  means  of  which  he  has  been  very  successtul  in 
his  chosen  pursuit,  and  owns  a  well  improved  farm  'of  175  acres. 
On  August  25,  1870,  he  married  Margaret,  daughter  of  William  and 
Sarah  (JJodkin)  ISmith,  who  were  of  English  and  Irish  lineage.  Her 
mother  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania.  Her  father  was  born  in  New 
Jersey,  and  died  in  1874.  They  were  the  parents  of  sixteen  children, 
of  whom  Mrs.  Pratt  is  the  youngest.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Pratt  have 
been  born  two  sons — William  Harvey  and  Lindsley  Inghram.  Their 
mother  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  Church.  Mr.  Pratt  is  a  Demo- 
crat and  a  member  of  the  1.  O.  ().  F.  He  has  served  as  school 
director  and  auditor  of  his  township. 

ANDREW  AUMSTKONd  PUBMAN,  attorney  and  counselor 
at  law,  was  born  on  Short  Creek,  in  Ohio  County,  Virginia  (now 
West  Virginia),  April  8,  1823.  He  is  a  son  of  John  and  Barbara 
(Burns)  Purman.  His  parents  were  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  and  of 
German  and  Scotch  extraction.  His  father  was  a  farmer  and  came  to 
Greene  County  in  1833,  settling  on  a  farm  in  Richhill  Township. 
Later  in  life  he  moved  to  Shelljy  County,  Indiana,  where  he  died  in 
1838.  His  family  consisted  of  nine  children,  of  whom  the  subject  of 
this  sketch  is  the  third  son.  A.  A.  Purman,  Esq.,  the  subject  of  our 
sketch,  spent  his  early  life  with  his  parents  on  the  farm,  where  he 
lirst  went  to  subscription  school.  He  was  afterwards  a  student  in  a 
select  school  in  Waynesburg,  and  at  the  founding  of  Waynesburg 
College  he  entered  it  as  one  of  its  tirst  students.  He  began  the  study 
of  law  in  Waynesburg  in  1847,  in  the  otfice  of  Hon.  Samuel  Clea- 
venger,  and  at  the  death  of  Mr.  Cleavenger,  1848,  linished  "the  course 
with  Lewis  Roberts,  Esq.,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  May,  1849. 
He  has  devoted  his  life  to  the  practice  of  his  chosen  profession.  In 
1856  Mr.  Purman  was  elected  district  attorney,  serving  three  years. 
In  1869  he  was  elected  State  Senator  from  Greene,  Fayette  and 
Westmoreland  counties,  and  served  in  the  session  of  1871  as  chair- 
man of  the  finance  committee.  He  was  elected  in  the  year  1872,  on 
the  Democratic  ticket,  a  delegate  at  large  to  the  constitutional  con- 
vention of  1872-1873,  and  served  on  the  committee  on  legislation  and 
corporation.  Mr.  Purman  was  a  school  director  for  lifteen  years, 
and  served  for  several  years  as  a  member  of  the  borough  council.  He 
is  a  Democrat,  and  commenced  public  speaking  for  the  party  in  1844, 
for  Polk  and  Dallas,  has  spoken  in  every  presidential  campaign  since, 
and  was  offered  the  nomination  for  Lieutenant-Governor  of  Pennsyl- 
vania in  1874.  In  1865  he  came  within  one  vote  of  being  nomi- 
nated President  Judge  of  the  Fourteenth  Judicial  District.  Mr. 
Purman  was  united  in  marriage  June  26, 1856,  with  Miss  Mary  Ann, 
daughter  of  Thomas  and  Elizabeth  (Morris)  Russell.  Of  their  nine 
children  seven  are  now  living.     They  are  Thamas  R.,  John,  a  physi- 


094  MlSTOllY    oe    GRilENE    COlTNTV, 

cian  mid  surgeon;  Lida,  wife  of  B.  R.  Williams,  of  Sharon,  Penn.; 
James  J.,  a  law  student;  Alexander  E.,  Elizabeth  M.  and  A.  A.  Jr. 
Mr.  Purman's  grandfather,  James  Burns,  was  a  soldier  in  the  Revo- 
lutionary war.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Purman  are  members  of  the  Baptist 
Church,  in  which  he  has  held  many  official  positions.  lie  is  and  has 
been  president  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  Monongahela  College  at 
Jefferson  ever  since  its  organization  in  1867. 

Z.  C.  RAG  AN,  of  the  firm  of  Pagan  &  Evans,  editors  and  pro- 
prietors of  the  Waynesburg  Iudej)e7ident,  was  born  in  Zanesville, 
Ohio,  July  14,  1838,  and  is  a  son  of  Joab  and  Mary  (Stull)  Pagan. 
His  mother  was  born  in  Kentucky,  and  his  fatlier  in  Beaver  County, 
Penn.  They  were  of  Scotch-Irish  descent.  His  father,  who  died  at 
the  early  age  of  thirty-three,  was  a  minister  of  the  Methodist  Pro- 
testant Church,  and  serv^ed  as  president  of  the  conference.  He  was 
a  self-made  man  and  an  able  linguist,  speaking  and  writing  four 
languages.  Z.  C.  Pagan  is  an  only  child.  He  was  brought  to 
Waynesburg  in  1840,  where  he  was  reared,  and  partially  educated  in 
Waynesburg  College.  Early  in  life  he  learned  the  printing  business, 
a  calling  he  has  followed  the  greater  part  of  his  life.  He  started  a 
paper  in  Waynesburg  in  1872,  in  company  with  J.  W.  Axtell,  called 
the  Waynesburg  IndejjejideJit,  which  has  a  circulation  of  over  3,000 
copies  per  week.  The  financial  success  of  the  paper  has  been  largely 
due  to  Mr.  Pagan's  untiring  efforts.  He  was  for  seven  years  a 
member  of  the  board  of  trustees  in  Waynesburg  College,  and  is  a 
prominent  member  of  the  Knights  of  Honor.  In  1801  he  enlisted 
in  Company  F,  Eighty-fifth  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry,  and 
was  discharged  in  1864.  He  served  as  Sergeant,  and  had  charge  of 
his  company  when  it  was  mustered  out.  Mr.  Pagan  was  united  in 
marriage,  in  1858,  w4th  Miss  Anna  M.,  daughter  of  Thomas  Hill,  a 
farmer  of  Greene  County.  Their  children  are — Emma  L.,  a  gradu- 
ate of  Waynesburg  College,  and  wife  of  W.  S.  Pipes;  and  Minnie 
E.,  a  student  in  the  college.  Mrs.  Pipes  was  for  three  years  a  teacher 
in  Enfield  College,  Illinois.  The  family  are  members  of  the  Cum- 
berland Presbyterian  Church,  in  which  Mr.  Pagan  is  an  elder,  and 
was  superintendent  of  the  Sabbath- school  over  eight  years. 

JAMES  F.  PANDOLPH,  a  farmer  and  stock-grower  of  Frank- 
lin ToM'uship,  was  born  in  Jefferson  Borough,  Greene  County,  Penn., 
April  23,  1832.  He  is  a  son  of  Isaac  and  Sarah  (Adamson)  Ran- 
dolph, who  came  from  New  Jersey,  tlieir  native  State,  and  settled  in 
Greene  County,  Penn.,  in  1795,  on  a  farm  where  they  spent  the  re- 
mainder of  their  lives.  They  reared  a  family  of  ten  children,  eight 
of  whom  grew  to  maturity.  James  F.,  the  third  in  the  family,  was 
reared  on  the  farm  with  his  parents,  and  attended  the  district  school. 
He  has  successfully  engaged  in  farming  as  a  business,  and  is  the 
owner  of  some  fine   land    in   this  county.      In   1855    Mr.  Randolph 


HISTORY    OF    GlIKKNE    COUNTY.  695 

married  Elizubetli,  danglitcr  of  Williain  Braden,  who  is  an  ex-associ- 
ate judi^e,  and  a  prominent  citizen  of  this  county.  To  M. .  and  Mrs. 
Randolph  were  born  eight  children — Sarah  M.,  wife  of  Smith  Adam- 
son;  Mary,  wife  of  Isaiah  Gordon;  Rachel,  wife  of  Jackson  Pratt; 
Lucy,  Isaac  L.,  AVilliam,  Lizzie  and  Thomas.  Mr.  Randolph  is  a 
Democrat.  lie  and  wife  are  prominent  members  of  the  Cumberland 
Presbyterian  Church. 

J.  A.  F.  RANDOLPH,  insurance  and  real  estate  agent,  Waynes- 
burg,  Penn.,  was  born  in  Jefferson  Township,  this  county,  March  18, 
1851,  and  is  a  son  of  Abraham  F.  and  Emily  A.  (Adamson)  Ran- 
dolph, also  natives  of  this  county.  Al)raham  F.  Randolph  was  a  son 
of  James  F.  Randolph,  a  native  of  Middlesex  County,  N.  J.,  and 
member  of  the  Society  of  Friends.  He  came  to  Greene  County, 
Penn.,  in  1795,  and  remained  all  his  life  on  the  farm  where  Abraham 
F.  was  born.  The  farm  is  still  in  possession  of  the  family.  Abra- 
ham F.  and  Emily  A.  Randolph  were  married  in  this  county,  June 
18,  1833,  where  they  died,  the  former  December  8,  1860,  and  the 
latter  March  9,  1885.  They  were  the  parents  of  four  children,  two 
of  wdiom  are  living — William  H.  F.  and  James  A.  F.  The  deceased 
are  an  infant,  and  Sarah  L.,  wife  of  C.  C.  Strawn.  The  subject  of 
our  sketch  was  united  in  marriage,  January  9,  1888,  with  Miss 
Emma  F.  Johnson,  who  was  born  September  26,  1859.  She  is  a 
daughter  of  William  R.  and  Minerva  E.  (Fleming)  Johnson,  the 
former  a  native  of  this  county,  and  the  latter  of  AVest  Virginia.  Mr. 
Randolph  acquired  his  education  in  the  common  schools  and  Waynes- 
burg  College.  lie  remained  at  home  until  twenty-one  years  of  age, 
then  taught  school  for  a  period  of  five  years.  He  first  engaged  in 
his  present  business  in  1880.  He  represents  some  of  the  best  in- 
surance companies  of  the  United  States,  and  also  deals  extensively  in 
real  estate.  Mr.  Randolph  is  a  member  of  the  board  of  trust  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Synod  of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church,  and 
treasurer  of  the  endowment  fund  for  support  of  Waynesburg  College. 
He  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Churcli. 
He  is  at  present  city  clerk. 

JOSEPH  W.  RAY.— The  subject  of  this  sketch,  Joseph  W.  Ray, 
is  the  eldest  son  of  James  E.  and  Margaret  (Leonard)  Ray,  and  was 
born  May  25,  1849,  in  Morris  Township,  Greene  County.  His 
father,  who  is  now  (July,  1888)  in  his  eightieth  year,  was  born  in 
Morris  County,  jS'.  J.,  and  his  mother  in  Trun-ibull  County,  Ohio. 
His  parents,  immediately  upon  their  marriage,  settled  in  Washing- 
ton County,  Penn.,  but  removed  therefrom  April  1,  1849,  to  a  farm 
in  Greene  County,  where  they  have  ever  since  resided.  They  gave 
him  the  advantage  of  such  educational  facilities  as  the  common 
schools  of  that  time  and  section  afforded.  At  nineteen  years  of  age 
he  secured  employment  as  a  teacher,  a  calling  to  which   he  devoted 


090  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

several  years.  In  1871  lie  became  a  student  of  Waynesburg  Col- 
lege, and  was  graduated  by  that  institution  in  the  class  of  1874. 
About  this  time  he  cojnmenced  the  study  of  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  of  his  native  county  in  June,  1876.  Two  years  later,  or 
April  1,  1878,  having  associated  himself  wdth  IL  B.  Axtell,  Esq., 
they  opened  an  office  in  Waynesbnrg,  under  the  firm  name  of  Hay 
&  Axtell,  since  which  time  he  has  been  actively  engaged  in  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession.  He  was  admitted  to  practice  in  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  State  in  1883.  In  politics  Mr.  Ray  is  a  Ilepublican. 
He  was  chairman,  for  three  years,  of  the  Republican  County  Com- 
mittee of  Greene  County.  He  has  represented  the  county  in  a  State 
Convention,  and  was  an  alternate  delegate  to  the  Republican  National 
Convention  of  1880.  He  has  twice  been  the  nominee  of  his  party 
for  office.  In  188-1  he  ran  lor  Congress  against  Hon.  Charles  E. 
Boyle,  the  Democratic  candidate,  in  what  was  then  the  twenty-lirst 
district,  composed  of  the  counties  of  Fayette,  Greene  and  West- 
moreland. Although  defeated  by  2,500  votes,  this  was  much  the 
smallest  Democratic  majority  the  district  ever  gave,  up  to  that  time. 
In  1886  he  was  nominated  for  the  State  Senate,  in  the  fortieth  sena- 
torial district,  C(>m]>osed  of  Fayette  and  Greene  counties,  having  for 
his  Democratic  competitor  Hon.  Thomas  Jj.  Schnatterly.  The  official 
returns  gave  Mr.  Schnatterly  8,438  votes,  and  Mr.  Ray  8,256  votes, 
a  reduction  of  the  usual  Democratic  majority  of  more  than  2,000  in 
the  district  to  182.  Mr.  Ray  was  married  'May  18,  1878,  to  Miss 
Henrietta  lams,  a  daughter  of  the  late  Thomas  lams,  of  Morris 
Township,  Greene  County.  Since  their  marriage  they  have  resided 
in  AVaynesbnrg,  and  have  four  children,  two  girls  and  two  boys. 

WILLIAM  RHODES,  farmer,  Waynesbnrg,  Penn.,  who  was  born 
in  Franklin  Township,  July  12, 1818,  is  a  son  of  William  and  J^ancy 
(Rinehart)  Rhodes,  who  were  of  German  extraction.  His  father 
was  a  native  of  this  county,  and  a  farmer  all  his  life.  The  Rhodes 
I'amily  have  usually  been  farmers.  William  Rhodes  is  an  only 
child.  He  was  born  in  a  house  where  the  poor-house  now  stands. 
The  subject  of  this  sketch  received  his  early  education  in  the  district 
schools  of  Franklin  Township.  He  has  been  a  successful  farmer, 
and  owns  300  acres  of  good  farming  land.  He  remained  on  the 
farm  wnth  his  parents  until  1852,  when  he  married  Miss  Jane,  daugh- 
ter of  William  and  Elizabeth  (Shull)  Shriver.  Her  parents  were 
natives  of  this  county,  and  of  Dutch  and  Irish  lineage.  To  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Rhodes  were  born  seven  children — Lizzie,  Rettie  J.,  wife  of 
Rinehart  Gwjnm;  George  F.,  Belle  II.,  Ida  D.,  Willie  B.  and  Char- 
ley. Mr.  Rhodes  is  steward  in  the  Methodist  Church,  is  a  memljer 
tjf  the  Masonic  fraternity  and  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  The  following  sketch 
"f  William  Rhodes'  grandfather  will  be  of  interest  to  many  readers: 
William  Rhodes  was  born  at  JMewport,  R.  I.,  about  1759.     He  went 


inSTOlJY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  (397 

to  sea  at  sixteen  and  i-eniained  a  sailor  for  sixteen  years.  With  many 
vicissitudes  liis  career  seems  clieckei-ed.  From  liis  manuscript  jour- 
nals we  find  him  a  prisoner  in  the  French  prison  from  1778  to  1780, 
and  on  his  very  next  voyage  from  London  in  May  was  recaptured, 
but  liberated  through  the  influence  of  American  friends,  as  an  Amer- 
ican citizen.  In  October  of  1780  he  sailed  for  Barbadoes  with  a 
krg-e  fleet  of  merchant  ships,  convoyed  by  ten  line  of  battle  ships. 
Tiie  next  year  he  was  once  more  captured  by  the  French  and  again 
liberated.  Again  he  was  a  prisoner  in  New  York,  being  captured 
by  the  English,  and  exchanged  after  five  inontlis'  confinement.  In 
1781  he  was  wrecked  oif  Cape  Cod,  and  the  following  year  (1785) 
he  heard  for  the  first  time  of  the  Ohio  settlement.  About  1787,  his 
father  dying,  William  Rhodes'  attention  was  directed  to  the  settle- 
ments west  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains,  and  on  the  18th  of  January, 
1788,  reached  the  old  Redstone  Fort  (now  Brownsville)  in  Fayette 
County.  After  peddling,  and  keeping  store  at  Jackson's  Fort  (then 
Washington  County),  he  bought,  in  1791,  a  plantation  (where  his  son, 
James  K.  Rhodes,  now  resides),  married  and  began  farming.  In  his 
own  words:  "Settled  for  life,  I  hope.  Here  I  began  jogging  for  life 
and  family,  not  in  the  least  discouraged  in  my  new  profession."  The 
manuscript  is  rather  amusing  and  interesting,  illustrated  by  draw- 
ings of  his  own,  of  ships,  scenery,  women,  men,  birds,  fishes  and 
animals,  according  to  the  fancy  of  this  backwoods  artist. 

S.  S.  RINEHART,  merchant,  Waynesburg,  Penn.,  son  of  Samuel 
and  Mary  (Zook)  Rinehart,  was  born  in  this  county  February  16, 
1848.  His  mother  was  also  a  native  of  this  county,  and  his  father 
was  born  in  Ohio.  Tliey  were  of  German  and  Irish  extraction.  His 
father  was  a  tarmer  and  coal  miner,  and  reared  a  family  of  nine  chil- 
dren, of  whom  the  subject  of  this  sketch. is  the  fourth.  He  was 
reared  in  Franklin  Township,  attended  the  common  schools,  and  in 
early  life  learned  the  harness  maker's  trade.  He  engaged  in  that 
business  in  Waynesburg  until  1872,  when  he  commenced  clerking  in 
a  store.  Pie  was  employed  as  a  salesman  until  1878,  when  he  began 
business  for  himself  at  Morrisville,  Penn.,  and  has  met  with. success. 
Mr.  Rinehart  was  united  in  marriage  October  7,  1872,  with  Mary 
Ella  Lippencott,  a  native  of  .this  county.  Their  children  are — Mattie, 
Nettie,  Eddie  H.  and  Ilermon.  Mr.  Rinehart  is  a  Democrat  in 
politics. 

JAMES  R.  RINEHART,  Professor  of  Languages  in  Waynesburg 
College,  was  born  at  Woodsfield,  Monroe  County,  Ohio,  in  October, 
1832,  and  is  a  son  of  Simon  and  Hannah  (Morris)  Rinehart,  natives 
of  Greene  County,  Penn.  His  father  was  of  German  and  Irish  ex- 
traction. Prof.  Rinehart's  great-grandfather,  who  was  a  farmer,  was 
among  the  early  settlers  of  this  county,  and  was  killed  by  the  Indians. 
His   grandfather,   Barnett  Rinehart,  was   born  September  8,  1777, 


698'  IIISTOllY    OF    GREENE    COUISfTY. 

in  this  county.  His  maternal  grandparents  were  natives  of  Mon- 
mouth County,  New  Jersey,  and  were  of  Scotch  and  German  descent. 
The  Rinehart  family  have,  as  a  rule,  been  farmers  and  very  success- 
ful in  business.  Several  members  of  the  family  have  entered  the 
professions  and  have  met  with  unusual  success.  Prof.  Rinehart's 
father  was  a  blacksmith  by  trade.  He  was  clerk  for  the  county 
commissioners  for  several  years,  and  also  served  as  justice  of  the 
peace.  He  reared  a  family  of  four  children,  of  whom  the  Professor 
is  the  third.  He  was  educated  in  Greene  County,  graduating  in  the 
regular  classical  course  at  AV^aynesburg  College.  He  then  took  up 
the  study  of  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1857.  He  began  the 
practice  of  his  profession  in  Clinton,  Illinois,  and  after  a  short  time 
went  to  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  where  he  remained  until  1860,  then  re- 
turning to  Greene  County,  Penn.  In  1887  he  accepted  his  present 
position  as  instructor  in  AVaynesburg  College,  and  has  filled  the  same 
continuously  since  that  time.  Prof.  Rinehart  was  married  in  1873 
to  Miss  Ida,  daughter  of  Hon.  Patrick  Donley,  of  Mt.  Morris,  Penn. 
Their  children  are — Patrick  Donley  and  Margaret  Morris.  The 
Professor  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  Fraterinty. 

PROF.  A.  I.  P.  RIJ^EHART,  superintendent  of  the  public 
schools  of  Waynesburg,  Penn.,  is  among  the  prominent  instructors 
of  the  county,  and  a  man  of  marked  ability  as  a  teacher.  He  was 
born  in  Franklin  Township,  this  county,  April  17,  1800,  and  is  the 
son  of  William  and  Elizabeth  (Porter)  Rinehart,  who  were  of  English 
and  German  descent.  His  parents  were  natives  of  Greene  County, 
and  descendants  of  its  early  settlers.  His  father  was  a  farmer,  and 
of  his  family  of  nine  children  Prof.  Rinehart  is  the  oldest.  He  re- 
ceived his  early  education  in  the  common  schools  and  afterwards  took 
a  regular  course  in  the  Edinboro  State  Normal  School,  graduating  in 
1883.  He  has  since  engaged  in  teaching  as  a~  profession,  and  his 
work  has  been  confined  to  Greene  County,  with  the  exception  of  two 
years  that  he  was  principal  in  the  High  School  at  Freeport,  Arm- 
strong County,  Penn.  In  1885  he  was  elected  to  his  present  position 
of  principal  of  schools  in  Waynesburg.  During  vacation  he  has 
frequently  instructed  other  teachers  of  the  county.  In  1888  he 
taught  a  very  successful  term  in  Jackson  Township,  his  pupils  being 
principally  those  who  had  themselves  been  teachers.  Prof.  Rinehart 
is  a  genial,  pleasant  gentleman,  and  is  held  in  high  esteem  by  the 
teachers  of  Greene  County. 

J.  G.  RITCHIE,  Chicago,  Illinois,  was  born  in  Cumberland 
Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  June  27,  1834.  His  parents  were 
Col.  Newton  J.  and  Anna  (Gwynn)  Ritchie,  natives  of  Pennsylvania, 
both  now  deceased.  They  were  the  parents  of  four  children,  of  whom 
two  are  living — Mrs.  William  Smith  and  the  subject  of  this  sketch. 
He  was  united  in    marriage  February  10,  1876,  with  Miss  Philinda 


HISTORY    OB'    GREENE    COUNTY.  009 

Andrew,  who  was  born  in  Richland  County,  Ohio,  April  18,  1847. 
Her  parents  were  William  and  Mary  J.  (McConnell)  Andrew,  the 
former  a  native  of  Washington  County,  Penn.,  and  the  latter  of  Vir- 
ginia. Mr.  Andrew  departed  this  life  in  1850,  and  his  widow  in  18G3. 
They  were  the  parents  of  five  children,  four  of  whom  are  living,  viz.: 
Elizabeth,  wife  of  Samuel  Bonar;  Louisa,  wife  of  John  Chambers; 
Mary  J.,  widow  of  Dr.  F.  M.  Denny,  and  Mrs.  J.  G.  Ritchie.  The 
deceased  was  James  A.,  who  was  killed  in  the  late  war.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Ritchie  are  the  parents  of  one  daughter — Anna  M.,  born  in 
Waynesburg,  Penn.,  February  19,  1878.  Mr.  Ritchie  acquired  his 
education  in  the  common  schools  and  Greene  Academy  at  Carmi- 
chaels,  Penn.  He  subsequently  taught  for  a  number  of  years,  then 
read  law  wnth  E.  M.  Sayers.  After  his  admission  to  the  bar  he 
practiced  in  partnership  with  A.  A.  Purman,  Esq.  Mr.  Ritchie 
served  as  District  Attorney  for  Greene  County,  after  which  he  en- 
gaged in  the  hardware  business  for  five  years  with  his  brother-in-law, 
William  P.  Smith,  in  Waynesburg.  He  next  turned  his  attention 
to  the  W.  &  AY.  R.  R.  enterprise,  in  which  he  took  an  activ^e  interest 
and  was  one  of  those  most  instrumental  in  procuring  the  road  to 
Waynesburg.  He  served  as  first  president  of  the  road,  was  also 
superintendent,  and  is  still  one  of  the  directors.  In  1887  he  went 
to  Chicago,  and  in  company  with  J.  S.  Wolf,  has  been  engaged  in 
the  real  estate  business.  He  and  his  wife  own  property  in  Greene 
County,  Penn.,  Richland  Count}',  Ohio,  and  in  Chicago.  They  are 
consistent  members  of  the  Presbyterian  Church, 

MORGAN  ROSS,  dealer  in  wagons,  carriages  and  harness, 
Waynesburg,  Penn.,  was  born  in  Center  Township,  this  county, 
February  22,  1844.  He  is  a  son  of  Peabody  Atkinson  and  Maria 
(Matthews)  Ross.  His  parents  were  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  and  of 
Scotch-Irish  origin.  His  father  was  for  some  time  a  manufacturer, 
but  devoted  most  of  his  life  to  farming.  His  family  consisted  of 
eight  children,  of  whom  the  subject  of  this  sketch  is  the  oldest  living. 
Until  he  was  twenty-one  years  old  Mr.  Ross  remained  on  the  farm 
with  his  parents  in  Center  Township,  where  he  attended  the  district 
school.  In  1865  he  came  to  Waynesburg  and  learned  the  carriage 
and  wagon-maker's  trade,  subsequently  engaging  in  that  business 
until  1883,  the  year  in  which  his  first  wife,  Maggie  Throckmorton 
Ross  died.  Mr.  Ross  has  one  child,  Charles,  born  July  4th,  1879. 
He  was  married  the  second  time  in  1885.  Mr.  Ross  is  a  Democrat, 
and  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 

JOSEPH  B.  ROSS,  manufacturer,  of  the  firm  of  McGlumphy  & 
Ross,  Waynesburg,  Penn.,  was  born  in  Dunkard  Township,  Greene 
County,  Penn.,  January  24,  1844.  His  parents,  Thomas  and  Eliza 
(Bailey)  Ross,  were  natives  of  Fayette  County,  and  of  German  origin. 
His  father  was  a  cabinet-maker   by   trade,  to  which  he   devoted    the 


700  IIISTOIIY    OF    OllEENE    COUNTY. 

earl  J  part  of  Ids  life.  In  later  years  he  retired  to  the  quiet  of  the 
farm,  where  he  spent  the  remaining  portion  of  his  life.  His  fannly 
consisted  of  live  children — three  daughters  and  five  sons,  of  whom 
Joseph  B.  is  the  second.  lie  was  reared  in  Cumberland  Township, 
where  he  attended  the  common  schools  and  early  in  life  learned  the 
manufacturing  of  woolen  goods.  He  was  employed  in  that  business 
at  Clarksville,  Penn.,  until  1873,  when  he  bought  land  near  AVaynes- 
burg  and  engaged  in  farming  from  187(3  to  1879.  Mr.  Koss  was 
then  proprietor  of  a  grocery  and  meat-market  for  two  years,  when  he 
bought  the  old  planing-mill  and  started  his  present  business.  In 
1873  Mr.  lloss  married  Susan,  daughter  of  Samuel  Luse,  a  prominent 
and  successful  farmer  of  Franklin  Township.  They  have  three 
children — Charles  L.,  "Walter  8.  and  Franklin.  Mr.  Ross  is  a  He- 
publican.  His  grandfather,  Thomas  Ross,  was  one  of  the  pioneers 
of  Greene  County, 

HON.  ABNER  ROSS,  ex-Senator,  is  a  merchant  by  occupation. 
He  was  born  in  Washington  Township,  this  county,  March  30,  1838, 
and  is  a  son  of  Benjamin  and  Hannah  (Johns)  Ross,  also  natives  of 
tins  county.  His  grandfather,  Timothy  Ross,  was  among  the  early 
pioneer  farmers  of  the  county.  Mr.  Ross  is  the  fourth  in  a  family  of 
twelve  children,  eight  of  whom  grew  to  maturity.  He  was  reared 
on  the  home  farm,  and  his  early  education  was  obtained  at  an  Academy 
in  Fayette  County,  Penn.  He  afterwards  spent  some  time  in 
Waynesburg*College.  Mr.  Ross  chose  farming  as  a  business  in  which 
he  engaged  until  he  was  elected  sheriff  of  the  county  in  1870.  He 
held  that  office  for  three  years,  then  engaged  in  the  mercantile  busi- 
ness in  Waynesburg  until  1884,  when  he  was  elected  State  Senator 
and  served  two  years,  was  elected  to  fill  the  unexpired  time  of 
Senator  Patton.  He  has  since  continued  in  the  boot  and  shoe  busi- 
ness which  he  established  in  1882.  In  1863  Mr.  Ross  married 
Margaret  P.,  daughter  of  Isaac  Mitchell.  Mrs.  Ross  is  also  a 
native  of  this  county,  to  which  her  grandfather  came  at  an  early 
date  and  lived  to  the  advanced  age  of  ninety-six  years.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Ross  are  the  parents  of  four  children — Albert  Lee,  Benjamin 
F.  and  Isaac  Wilbert.  Jennie  E.  died  Julv  14,  1885,  aged  fifteen 
years.  ]Mr.  Ross  is  a  Democrat.  He  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the 
Baptist  Church. 

J.  II.  ROGERS,  photographer,  was  born  December  11,  1831, 
near  the  place  where  the  Union  depot  now  stands  in  the  city  of  Pitts- 
burgh, Penn.  His  parents  are  James  R.  Rogers,  born  in  1805,  and 
Sarah  O.  Rogers,  born  in  1812.  They  were  both  natives  of  Penn- 
sylvania. They  were  married  in  1830,  afterward  settling  in  Pitts- 
burgh where  they  remained  for  six  years.  Mr.  James  Rogers  was  a 
carpenter  and  contractor  and  resided  in  several  difierent  towns  after 
leaving    Pittsburgh.     He    resided   for  a  time  in    Bcalsville,  Penn., 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  701 

where  Mrs.  Sarah  O.  Rogers  died.  Mr.  Rogers  afterwards  married 
Mary  Rrice  and  moved  to  Clover  Hill,  and  from  there  to  Browns- 
ville, Penn.  He  then  moved  near  Mount  Pleasant,  Ohio,  and  finally 
to  Indiana,  where  they  reside  at  the  present.  By  the  iirst  marriage 
there  were  ten  children,  of  whom  Mr.  J.  H.  Rogers  is  the  oldest. 
Of  these  five  are  living.  The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  united  in 
marriage,  October  31,  1854,  with  Charlotte  Y.  Rearhard,  who  was 
born  ill  Uniontown, •Fayette  Conntj^,  Peun.,  January  3,  1833,  and  is 
a  daughter  of  Conrad  and  Elizabeth  Rearhard,  natives  of  Pennsyl- 
vania. Her  father  was  born  in  1787,  and  departed  this  life  Decem- 
ber 5,  1870.  Mrs.  Rearhard  was  born  in  1792,  and  died  May  24, 
1888.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Rogers  have  six  children,  five  of  whom  are 
living;  viz.,  Sarah  E.,  Emma  J.,  Anna  Y.,  Craig  S.  and  James  H. 
Frank  is  deceased.  Mr.  Rogers  acquired  his  education  in  the  com- 
mon schools,  after  which  he  learned  the  carpenter's  trade  with  .his 
father  and  worked  at  that  business  till  1861.  He  then  began  study- 
ing photography  with  J.  S.  Young,  ot  AYashington,  Peun.  He 
finished  the  study  in  two  years  and  opened  a  gallery  in  Bealsville. 
After  remainine:  there  about  nine  months  he  carried  on  a  successful 
business  at  Brownsville  for  a  period  of  eight  years.  He  then  re- 
turned to  Washington  and  purchased  the  gallery  owned  by  J.  S. 
Young.  He  remained  there  for  eight  years,  then  purchased  a  farm 
in  Amwell  Township,  Washington  County,  on  the  W.  tk,  W.  Rail- 
road, consisting  of  one  hundred  acres.  He  remained  on  his  farm 
three  years,  then  moved  to  Waynesburg,  opened  a  gallery  and  has 
been  very  successful  in  his  business.  He  makes  photographs  of  all 
kinds  and  sizes,  making  a  specialty  of  copying  and  enlarging  pic- 
tures. Mr.  Rogers  is  a  member  of  the  Knights  of  Honor,  and  both 
he  and  his  Avife  are  members  of  the  C.  P.  Church. 

REY.  W.  M.  RYAN  was  born  March  7, 1848  near  West  Alexan- 
der, Washington  County,  Pennsylvania.  His  parents,  Joseph  and  Isa- 
bella Ryan,  still  reside  in  Washington  County.  His  father  has  been 
a  farmer  all  his  life,  hence  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  reared  on 
a  farm.  He  enjoyed  the  advantages  of  the  public  schools  of  his  na- 
tive county,  and  also  a  term  or  two  in  the  Academy  at  West  Alex- 
ander. After  this  he  became  a  teacher,  teaching  for  five  years.  In 
December,  1868,  he  made  a  profession  of  religion,  and  became  a 
member  of  the  Pleasant  Grove  Baptist  Church.  In  1871  he  en- 
tered Waynesburg  College,  graduating  in  the  class  '74,  in  the  class- 
ical course,  after  which  he  took  a  three  year's  course  in  Crozer  Theo- 
logical Seminary,  at  Chester,  Penn sjd van ia.  He  was  ordained  as  a 
gospel  minister  in  September,  1877,  since  which  time  he  has  been 
engaged  in  the  active  duties  of  his  profession.  His  first  pastorate 
was  with  the  Beulah  and  Bates  Fork  Baptist  Churches  of  this 
County.     From  these    churches  he  was  called  to  the  charge  of  the 


702  IIISTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

Waynesburg  Baptist  Cliiircli,  where  he  is  now  in  the  ninth  year  of 
pastorate.  His  labors  in  all  these  fields  have  been  eminently  success- 
ful. Mr.  Ryan  has  been  twice  married;  first,  to  Miss  JSIantie, 
daughter  of  Jesse  Hill,  August  24,  1876.  She  died  June  21,  1880. 
lie  was  again  married  May  17,  1883,  to  Miss  Lizzie,  daughter  of 
Calvin  Rush,  of  Morris  Township,  this  County.  Mr.  Ryan's 
family  now  consists  of  himself,  wife  and  four  children ;  viz., 
Gertrude  M.,  and  Nantie  Belle,  by  his  lirst  wife;  and  Isa  Lee  and 
Jessie  J.,  by  his  second  marriage. 

E.  M.  SAYERS,  attorney  at  law,  Waynesburg,  Benn.,  is  one  of 
the  first  and  most  active  business  men  of  the  county.  He  was  born 
in  Waynesburg  May  30,  1812.  His  father  Ephriam  Sayers,  was  a 
native  of  Loudon  County,  Virginia,  and  his  mother,  Mary  (Wood) 
Sayers,  was  born  in  Hartford  County,  Maryland.  Both  M'ere  ot 
English  ancestry.  Ehpriam  Sayers  was  a  pioneer  of  Greene  County, 
having  in  1786  settled  two  miles  east  of  the  present  site  of  Wajnies- 
burg  borough,  where  he  led  an  industrious  life,  and  reared  a  family 
of  four  children — three  sons  and  one  daughter.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  was  reared  on  a  farm  in  Franklin  Township,  this  county,  and 
completed  his  education  in  Washington  College,  He  read  law  in 
Waynesburg  with  the  Hon.  Samuel  Cleavenger,  and  commenced  the 
practice  of  his  profession  in  his  native  town  in  1835.  He  has  met 
with  marked  success,  which  may  be  attributed  to  his  more  than  ordi- 
nary business  qualifications.  He  is  the  owner  of  a  number  of  farms 
in  Greene  County,  large  tracts  of  land  in  the  South  and  West,  and 
considerable  real  estate  in  Waynesburg.  He  has  been  a  member  of 
the  Republican  party  since  its  organization.  Mr.  Sayers  was  united 
in  marriage  with  Miss  Jane  Adams,  a  daughter  of  Robert  Adams,  in 
1830,  she  died  in  1847.  Their  children  are  Henry  C,  a  farmer  and 
business  man  of  AVaynesburg ;  James  E.,  a  member  of  the  Greene 
County  bar — Thomas  and  Ezra,  deceased.  Mr.  Sayers  was  united 
in  marriage  the  second  time,  in  1852,  with  Miss  Harriet  W.  Tan- 
ner, a  native  of  Massachusetts.  They  are  the  parents  of  six  chil- 
dren :  Norman,  a  farmer  of  Franklin  Township  ;  Florence  A.,  wife  of 
Charles  A.  Martin ;  Mary,  D.  L.,  and  two  children  who  were  burned  to 
death  when  quite  young.  Mr.  Sayers  has  given  his  children  the 
advantages  of  a  liberal  education.  His  sons  Henry  C.  and  James 
E.,  were  soldiers  in  the  late  war ;  and  his  uncle,  Josiah  Sayers,  and 
his  grandfather,  William  Sayers,  were  in  the  Revolutionary  war,  be- 
ing present  when  Lord  Cornwallis  surrendered  his  army  at  York- 
town,  Virginia.  The  farm  settled  by  William  Sayers  the  ancestor 
is  still  in  possession  of  the  family,  and  has  been  for  about  a  hundred 
years. 

JAMES  E.  SAYERS  attorney  at  law  of  Waynesburg,  Penn., 
where  he  was  born    May   30,   1845,    is   a    son   of  E.  M.    and    Jane 


MISTOIIY    01^    GRtJKNl^    COUNTY.  703 

(Adjiins)  Sajers,  also  natives  of  Wajnesburg.  His  father  is  an  at- 
torney and  counsellor  at  law.  James  E.  was  reared  in  Waynesbiirg, 
where  he  attended  the  common  school  and  college,  lie  was  after- 
wards a  student  in  the  Ohio  State  University,  and  learned  the  print- 
ing trade  when  a  hoy.  July  15,  1862,  he  enlisted  in  Co.  F,  85th 
Penn.  Yol.  Infantry,  as  a  private,  was  discharged  at  Richmond,  Ya., 
with  the  rank  of  Orderly  Sergent  on  May  13,  1865.  He  was  "  in  at 
the  death,"  having  fired  his  last  gun  at  Appomattox  0,  H.  Ya.,  and 
having  participated  in  twenty-two  battles  and  skirmishes  and  three 
seiges — Charlestown,  S.  C,  Petersburg  and  Piehmond,  Ya.  Re- 
turning from  the  army,  his  first  business  venture  was  as  an  editor. 
In  1806  he  bought  the  Waynesburg  BejnMican,  of  which  paper  he 
was  editor  and  proprietor  for  nearly  three  years,  when  he  again  en- 
tered school  and  graduated,  in  1870,  in  the  law  course  in  the  Indi- 
ana State  University.  For  four  years  thereafter  he  continued  in 
journalistic  work.  In  1874  he  began  the  practice  of  law  in  "Waynes- 
burg, where  he  has  since  remained.  Politically  Mr.  Sayers  is  an  ear- 
nest Republican.  He  was  a  delegate  in  the  National  Republican 
Convention  of  1884,  and  was  once  the  nominee  of  his  party  for  Con- 
gress in  the  Twenty-first  District.  On  June  16,  1868,  Mr.  Sayers 
married  Anna  A.,  daughter  of  Albert  Allison,  One  of  the  first 
merchants  of  Waynesburg.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Sayers  are  the  parents  of 
two  children — Albert  11.  and  Jane. 

ROBERT  A.  SAYERS,  chief  burgess  of  Waynesburg,  Penn., 
born  May  27, 1841,  is  a  son  of  William  W.  and  Rebecca  (Adams)  Say- 
ers, natives  of  this  county.  His  father  was  born  Angust  12,  1805, 
and  died  May  22, 1886.  He  was  a  brother  of  E.  M.  Sayers,  Esq.,  and 
they  were  for  years  associated  in  the  real  estate  business  in  Waynes- 
burg. William's  main  occupation  was  the  stone  and  marble  busi- 
ness, in  which  he  was  a  partner  with  Simon  Rinehart,  Esq.,  for  many 
years.  He  was  married  in  Waynesburg  to  Miss  Rebecca,  daughter 
of  Robert  Adams,  who  was  a  Whig  and  a  Republican,  and  lived  to  be 
ninety-six  years  old.  He  was  at  one  time  register  and  recorder  of 
Greene  County.  Robert  A.,  the  subject  of  our  sketch,  was  reared  in 
Waynesburg,  where  he  was  educated  in  the  college.  When  the  war 
broke  out  he  left  college  and  enlisted  Nov.  4,  1861,  in  the  8tli 
Penn.  Reserves.  His  military  career  is  worthy  of  record.  He  par- 
ticipated in  severe  battles;  was  taken  prisoner  and  suffered  all  the 
horrors  of  prison  life.  He  was  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Gaines  Mill, 
in  left  thigh,  and  left  on  the  battle-field  for  two  weeks  re- 
ceiving no  medical  aid.  He  was  then  sent  to  Belle  Isle,  and  subse- 
quently to  Lii)by  prison,  where  he  was  paroled  and  sent  home.  '  He 
only  remained  until  his  wound  was  well  enough,  and  went  through  a 
long  siege  of  typhoid  and  malarial  fever,  when  he  again  joined  his 
regiment  at  Upton  Hill,  Yirginia.      At   the  close  of   his  three  years' 


704  HISTORY    OF    GRKKNE    COUNTY. 

service  he  returned  liome  and  engaged  in  the  coal  bnsiness  for  six- 
teen years.  In  1883  he  was  appointed  U.  S.  Store-keeper  and 
(luager.  Mr.  Sayers  was  married  in  Potter  County,  Penn.,  January 
21,  18G9,  to  Miss  Florence  Stevens,  whose  parents  were  born  in  Ver- 
mont. Mr.  and  Mrs.  Sayers  have  one  child — Fendora,  now  a  student 
at  Oberlin  College,  Ohio.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Sayers  and  daughter  are 
members  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  lie  is  a  Republican  and  a 
member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  Post,  No.  3(37,  Department  of  Pennsylvania. 

HENRY  C.  SAYERS  is  among  the  successful  busines  men  ot 
Greene  County.  He  has  made  farming  his  chief  pursuit  and  has  also 
dealt  extensively  in  stock  and  real  estate.  He  began  business  early 
in  life,  being  the  oldest  son  of  E.  M.  Sayers,  Esq.  Mr.  Sayers  was 
born  in  AYaynesburg,  November  21,  1840.  Here  he  grew  to  man- 
liood  and  was  a  student  at  the  first  session  of  the  college.  He  went 
to  Iowa  in  1859  and  engaged  in  buying  and  shipping  stock  to 
Chicago,  Illinois.  He  returned  to  Waynesburg  in  1861,  and 
August  11,  18()2,  he  enlisted  in  Company  G,  Fifteenth  Pennsylvania 
Cavalry.  TJiis  was  an  independent  regiment  which  acted  as  body 
<ruard  to  General  Rosecrans.  Among  the  battles  in  which  he  eno;a(2;ed 
were  the  following:  Antietam,Murfreesboro,  Chickamauga,  Tulialiama 
and  Rome,  Georgia,  pursuit  of  Longstreet  through  Tennessee  by  way 
of  Knoxville  to  North  Carolina,  and  then  had  quite  a  skirmish  with  the 
Indians.  In  1803  he  was  captured  by  General  Wheeler's  Cavalry 
and  marched  with  Wheeler's  command  for  some  time  before  being 
paroled.  After  joining  his  regiment  he  was  for  a  time  detailed  as  a 
courier  to  carry  despatches  to  the  front  facing  the  enemy.  At  the  close  of 
the  war  Mr.  Sayers  returned  to  Waynesburg,  where  he  has  been  success- 
fully engaged  in  business.  He  was  united  in  marriage,  in  1807,  with 
Miss  Clementine,  daughter  of  Samuel  Rush.  Mrs.  Sayers  is  a  native 
of  this  county,  and  of  English  descent.  Their  children  are — Ella 
Jane,  C.  E.  and  Henry  C,  Jr.  ]\[rs.  Sayers  is  a  member  of  the  C. 
P.  Church.  Mr.  Sayers  is  a  Republican,  was  constable  of  the  county, 
two  terms  and  has  served  as  a  member  of  the  school  board  of  Waynes- 
burg. He  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity.  Mr.  Sayers  was 
formerly  a  member  of  the  Templeton  Post  of  Washington,  Penn., 
but  now  belongs  to  Col.  J.  F.  McCullough  Post,  of  AVaynesburg,  of 
which  he  has  been  commander,  and  \vas  an  alternate  delegate  to  the 
Twenty-first  National  Encampment  at  St.  Louis,  Mo, 

J.  M.  SCOTT,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  and  U.  S.  store-keeper 
and  ganger  in  the  twenty-third  collective  district  of  Pennsylvania, 
was  born  in  Jefferson  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  December 
10,  1844,  and  is  a  son  of  William  P.  and  Sarah  (Long)  Scott.  His 
father  and  grandfather  were  farmers.  His  grandfather,  James  Scott, 
came  from  P)altimore,  Md.,  to  Greene  County,  Penn.,  among  the  early 
settlers  of  Jefierson  Township.     J.   M.    Scott's   grandmother,    Scott, 


HISTORY    OF    GREENK    OOUNi'V.  705 

WMs  ninety-eiglii  years  of  a^-e;  her  maiden  name  was  Margaret  Kiii- 
caid,  she  died  April  1,  1888.  The  subject  of  our  sketch  is  the  oldest 
in  a  family  of  seven  children,  all  of  whom  are  living  and  married, 
lie  was  reared  on  the  farm,  attended  the  district  school  in  Jefferson 
Township  and  Waynesbnrg  College.  He  taught  scliool  in  early  life, 
but  has  made  farming  his  main  pursuit,  and  is  a  resident  of  Franklin 
Township.  In  1871  ^\v.  Scott  nuxrrried  jVIiss  Margaret,  daughter  of 
Iliram  Kinehart.  Their  children  are — Harry,  Henry  and  Jesse.  Mrs. 
Scott  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  Mr.  Scott  is 
a  Democrat,  and  a  member  of  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  is  a  member  of  the 
encampment.     He  is  also  a  Master  IMason. 

S.  W.  SCOTT,  wool  and  grain  merchant,  was  born  in  AYashing- 
ton  County,  June  26,  1835,  and  is  a  son  of  William  and  Al)igail 
(Wood)  Scott,  natives  of  AYashington  County,  Penn.  His  father  was 
Scotch  and  his  mother  was  of  En  owlish  and  Irish  orio^in.  Ilis  father 
who  was  a  farmer  nearly  all  his  life  died  in  1878.  Ilis  family  con- 
sisted of  eight  children.  The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  reared  in 
Greene  County,  to  which  his  parents  removed  in  1839.  He  attended 
the  public  schools  and  Waynesburg  College.  He  learned  the  car- 
penter's trade  at  which  he  worked  for  six  years.  ]\Ir.  Scott  then  be- 
gan dealing  in  wool  and  has  been  extensively  engaged  in  that  business 
since  1863.  He  is  prominent  among  the  successful  business  men  of 
Waynesburg.  Mr.  Scott,  who  is  a  Republican,  was  appointed  Dep- 
uty U.  S.  Revenue  Collector  in  1864,  and  served  until  1866.  He 
was  re-apppinted  in  1869  and  served  until  187-4.  Mr.  Scott  was 
married  in  1865  to  Miss  Frances,  daugliter  of  Thomas  Hill.  Their 
children  are — Ella  B.,  wife,  of  A.  P.  Dickey,  Esq.,  of  Waynesburg; 
William  E.,  Nannie,  Fannie  and  Samuel  W.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Scott 
are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  in  which  he  is  a 
trustee. 

W.  G.  SCOTT,  Professor  of  Mathematics  of  Waynesburg  College, 
was  born  in  Washington  County,  Penn.,  December  11,  1832.  His 
parents  were  William  and  Abigail  (Wood)  Scott,  also  natives  of 
Washington  County,  and  of  Scotch  and  English  ancestry.  They  were 
married  in  Washington  Connty,  where  they  remained  until  1839,  at 
which  time  they  removed  to  Greene  County,  where  they  remained 
until  their  death.  Mr.  Scott  departed  this  life  in  1878,  and  his  widow 
in  1880.  They  were  the  parents  of  nine  children,  eight  still  living. 
Prof.  W.  G.  Scott  is  the  oldest  and  was  united  in  marriage,  April 
17,  1862,  with  Miss  Mary  Sutton,  who  was  born  in  England,  being 
the  daucrhter  of  the  Rev.  R.  H.  and  Martha  (Cowen)  Sutton,  now 
residents  of  Waynesburg.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Scott  have  been  born  three 
children — Mattie  E.,  wife  of  Rev.  J.  H.  Lucas;  Minnie  M.,  wife  of 
J.  N,  Norris,  and  Gail.  Prof.  Scott  acquired  his  earliest  education 
in  the  old-fashioned  log  school-house  and  afterwards  attended  Waynes- 


706  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

burg  College,  where  lie  graduated  in  the  year  1867.  After  teaching 
one  year  in  Greene  Academy,  he  was  elected  to  the  chair  of  niatlie- 
niatics  of  Waynesburg  College,  and  has  tiled  the  position  ever 
since.  He  has  also  been  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  since 
1867,  being  now  sole  proprietor  of  the  store  opened  by  him  and  his 
father  in  that  year.  It  is  one  of  the  leading  stores  in  Waynesburg, 
receiving  a  large  patronage  fi-om  the  town  and  vicinity. 

E.  H.  SHIPLEY,  druggist,  was  born  in  Uniontown,  Fayette 
County,  Pennsylvania,  November  3,  1864,  and  is  a  son  of  Julius 
and  Eliza  (Hair)  Shipley.  His  parents  were  also  natives  of  Fayette 
County,  and  of  English  descent.  His  father  was  a  civil  engineer, 
and  is  now  deceased.  The  subject  of  our  sketch  is  the  second  in  a 
family  of  three  children.  He  was  reared  in  a  Uniontown,  where  he 
attended  school.  He  afterwards  clerked  in  a  drug  store  for  a  period 
of  three  years.  Mr.  Shipley  came  to  Waynesburg  in  1881,  clerked 
in  a  drug  store  for  two  years,  then  opened  up  his  present  business, 
in  which  he  has  been  very  liberally  patronized  by  the  people  of 
Waynesburg  and  vicinity.  He  is  a  Democrat  in  politics.  On  Janu- 
ary 28,  1888,  Mr.  Shipley  married  Miss  Anna  L.,  daughter  of  Cap- 
tain J.  R.  and  Nancy  (Bayard)  Hewitt.  Mrs.  Shipley  is  a  native  of 
this  county,  born  July  7,  1865. 

A.  F.  SILVEUS,  attorney  at  law,  Waynesburg,  Penn.,  was  born 
near  Jackson  Centre,  Mercer  County,  on  the  5th  of  December,  1851. 
He  is  the  son  of  Henry  B.  and  Pachael  (Taylor)  Silveus,  mIio  were 
natives  of  Greene  County,  and  were  of  German  and  English  origin. 
His  father,  a  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  elected  sheriff  of  Greene 
County  in  1867,  and  served  the  term  of  .three  years.  The  son  was 
the  fourth  in  a  familv  of  eio:ht  children,  tive  sons  and  three  daugli- 
ters.  He  was  reared  upon  the  farm,  attended  the  common  schools, 
and  when  his  father  was  elected  sheriff  he  served  as  deputy.  He 
subsequently  taught  school,  and  became  a  student  at  AVaynesburg 
College,  from  which  he  graduated  in  1873.  He  then  resumed  teach- 
ing, and  in  1875  was  elected  superintendent  of  the  schools  of  Greene 
County.  For  two  terms  he  taught  in  Waynesburg  College,  giving 
special  attention  to  the  normal  classes.  He  read  law  with  Hon.  A. 
A.  Purman,  was  admitted  to  practice  in  1878,  and  opened  an  office 
at  Waynesburg,  where  he  has  practiced  since.  He  has  served  as  a 
school  director.  He  was  married  in  1877  to  Miss  Lida,  daughter  of 
John  T.  Hook.  Both  are  members  of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian 
Church.  They  have  two  children — Jessie  and  John  T.  In  politics 
Mr.  Silveus  is  a  Democrat. 

REV.  J.  L.  SIMPSOJN,  a  retired  Methodist  minister,  was  born 
in  Virginia,  January  6,  1822.  He  is  a  son  of  William  and  Mary 
Ann  (Leech)  Simpson,  who  were  of  English  and  Irish  descent.  His 
father  was  a  boot-maker.       Pev.  J.   L.   Simpson    is  the  second  in  a 


HISTOIIY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  707 

family  of  eight  cbi Id ren.  lie  received  a  coll eginte  course  in  West 
Virginia,  and  also  served  a  regular  apprenticediip  at  tlie  saddler's 
trade,  lie  entered  the  ministry  in  his  twenty-second  year,  in  which 
Held  he  has  successfully  labored  ever  since.  lie  was  first  licensed 
in  1844  and  was  appointed  as  an  assistant  in  Pittsburgh,  Fenn.  In 
1846  he  came  to  VYaynesburg  and  took  charge  of  a  circuit,  bnt  sub- 
sequently went  to  Virginia,  where  he  engaged  in  the  ministry  until 
1862.  When  a  large  number  of  the  young  men  in  his  church  and 
congregation  enlisted  in  the  army  and  insisted  on  his  goino-  with 
them,  he  enlisted  and  was  elected  Captain  of  their  company.  Tliey 
were  assigned  to  the  Fourth  Vii-ginia  Cavalry.  Captain  Simpson 
was  elected  chaplin  of  the  regiment  and  served  two  years  in  that 
capacity.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he  again  entered  the  ministry  and 
went  to  Wisconsin,  where  he  took  charge  of  the  Methodist  Protestant 
Church  at  Beliot  for  two  years.  In  1854  he  was  married  to  Miss 
Mary  J.,  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Nannie  Black.  Her  parents  were 
natives  of  West  Virginia,  and  of  Scotch  and  English  descent.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Simpson  have  six  cliildren,  three  of  whom  are  living — 
Anna  May,  Avife  of  Harvey  Cliftbrd,  of  AVisconsin;  Mary  L.  and 
George  B.  The  deceased  are  Charles  R.,  Helen  V.  and  Cariie  Olive. 
The  family  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Protestant  Church.  Mr. 
Simpson  is  a  Republican,  and  has  met  with  more  than  average  suc- 
cess as  a  minister  of  the  gospel. 

A.  C.  SM ALLEY,  chief  of  police,  was  born  in  Waynesburg, 
September  10,  1843.  His  parents,  E.  P.  and  Catherine  (ivinehartj 
Smalley,  were  also  natives  of  Waynesburg.  His  father  was  born  in 
1805,  and  died  in  1885.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  the  oldest 
in  a  family  of  three  children — two  sons  and  a  daughter.  He  attended 
the  public  school  and  Waynesburg  College.  Mr.  Smalley  learned 
the  chairmaker's  trade  and  carried  on  the  business  in  Waynesburg 
for  a  time.  In  1862  he  enlisted  in  Company  II,  in  the  One-Hundred 
and  Twenty-Third  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry  and  served  his 
term  of  enlistment.  On  returning  home,  he  resumed  chair  making 
and  carried  on  the  business  until  he  embarked  in  the  mercantile 
trade.  On  account  of  failing  health  he  retired  from  business  in  1883, 
sold  out  in  1887  and  was  appointed  chief  of  police,  which  position  he 
still  holds.  In  1868  Mr.  Smalley  was  married  to  Mary  E.,  daughter 
of  Absalom  Hedge.  She  is  also  a  native  of  this  county,  and  of  Eng- 
lish lineage.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Smalley  are  members  of  the  Baptist 
Church,  in  which  he  is  trustee  and  treasurer  of  the  Sabbath-school, 
He  belongs  to  the  G.  A,  Li.  Post,  No.  367,  Department  of  Penn- 
sylvania, of  which  he  has  been  quartermaster,  and  is  also  a  Master 
Mason, 

J,  M.  SMITH,   saddle  and  harness  manufacturer,  was  born  at 
Carmichaels,  Penn.,  November  18,  1845,  and  is  a  son  of  II,  A,  and 

38 


708  lilSTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

Mary  E,  (McGee)  Smitli.  His  grandfather,  J.  II.  McGee,  was  a 
wealthy  merchant  at  Carmichaels,  where  he  also  engaged  extensively 
in  the  coal  business.  Mr.  Smith's  father  was  also  a  saddle  and  har- 
ness manufacturer  and  carried  on  a  successful  business  at  Carmichaels 
for  many  years,  was  also  post-master  for  sixteen  years.  The  subject 
of  our  sketch  is  the  oldest  of  a  family  of  five  children — four  sons 
and  one  daughter.  lie  was  reared  in  this  county,  receiving  his 
education  in  the  old  Greene  Academy  at  Carmichaels.  Mr.  ISmith 
earned  harness  raakino;  with  his  father  and  has  been  eno:aii:ed  in 
that  business  since  1867.  In  1864  he  enlisted  in  tlie  Twenty- 
Second  Regiment  of  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  or  Ringold^Cavalry,  and 
was  with  General  Sheridan  on  his  famous  ride  from  Winchester. 
He  then  went  West  for  eight  years,  returning  to  Waynesburg  in  1875, 
when  he  engaged  in  his  present  business  and  has  met  with  average 
success.  Mr.  Smith  was  united  in  marriage,  September  19,  1876, 
with  Melissa  Donley,  whose  ancestors  were  among  the  early  Irish 
settlers  of  Pennsylvania,  and  among  the  iirst  to  lind  a  home  in 
Greene  County.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Smith  have  four  children — Harry, 
Joseph  li.  D.,  Donley  McGee  and  Catharine  D.  Mr.  Smith  is  a 
Republican  and  has  been  a  member  of  the  town  council  three  terms. 
He  is  Captain  of  the  Waynesburg  Blues— Company  K,  Tenth  Reg- 
iment, N.  G.  P.,  and  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  Post  of  Waynes- 
burg. 

JAMES  B.  SMITH,  county  surveyor,  was  born  in  Center  Town- 
ship, August  16,  1846,  and  is  a  son  of  Edmund  and  Elizabeth 
(Adamson)  Smith.  They  were  also  natives  of  this  county,  and  of 
English  origin.  His  father  was  a  farmer  all  his  life,  and  died  in 
February,  1887.  Of  his  family  of  eight  children  six  are  now  living, 
of  wliom  James  B.  is  the  third.  He  vi^as  reared  in  Greene  County, 
attending  the  common  school  and  the  Millsboro  Normal  school.  He 
gave  especial  attention  to  tlie  study  of  surveying  and  civil  engineer- 
ing and  has  devoted  most  of  his  time  to  that  business,  having  served 
as  county  surveyor  for  several  years.  Since  1880  he  has  been  prin- 
cipally engaged  in  civil  engineering.  In  September,  1868,  Mr.  Smith 
married  ]\Iiss  Elizabeth  M.,  daughter  of  Samuel  Throckmorton,  and 
they  have  one  child,  Albert  Bunyan. 

'D.  a.  SPRAGG,  U.  S.  Revenue  Collector  of  the  twenty-third 
district,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  was  born  January  28,  1835.  He  is 
a  son  of  Jeremiah  and  Sarah  (Shriver)  Spragg,  natives  of  this 
county.  His  ancestors  were  among  the  earliest  English  farmers  of 
Wayne  Township.  The  original  farm  is  still  in  possession  of  the 
family.  Mr.  Spragg's  lather  died  in  1877.  Of  his  family  of  three 
cliildren  tlie  sul)joct  of  our  sketch  is  the  second.  He  was  reared  on 
the  farm  in  AVayne  Township,  attending  the  district  school.  He 
chose  farming  as  an  occupation,  ])ut  followed  it  only   a   short  time. 


HISTORY   OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  709 

At  tlie  age  of  thirty-two  he  opened  a  stoi-c  at  Spraggsville.  He 
was  elected  sherift'  of  the  eouiity  in  1882  and  held  the  office  three 
years.  In  April,  188(3,  he  was  appointed  to  his  present  position. 
In  1860  Mr.  Spragg  married  Elizaljeth,  dangliter  of  John  Gibbons. 
Mrs.  Spragg  is  also  a  native  of  this  county,  and  of  English  extraction. 
Their  children  are- — Sidney  1),,  wife  of  C.  T.  Wise,  and  Herman. 
Mr.  Spragg  is  a  l)emocrat,  and  a  menjber  of  the  I.  O.  ().  F.,  in 
which  order  he  has  taken  all  the  degrees. 

T.  ROSS  SniOAT,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  who  was  born  in 
West  Virginia,  January  7,  1842,  is  a  son  of  James  and  Susan  (John- 
son) Sproat.  His  mother  was  born  in  Washington  County,  Penn. 
His  father,  a  native  of  (Greene  Connty,  and  a  farmer  and  carpenter 
by  occupation,  settled  in  Whiteley  Township  in  1844,  and  died  in 
1849.  Mr.  Sproat's  grandfather  was  David  Sproat,  a  native  of  Vir- 
ginia. At  his  father's  death  Ross  was  obliged  to  make  his  home 
among  strangers,  and  received  but  a  limited  education  in  the  district 
schools.  He  started  out  in  life,  however,  with  a  determiiuition  to 
succeed  and,  by  means  of  his  energy  and  close  applibation  to  his 
work,  he  has  secured  a  good  farm  of  one-hundred  and  lifty-nine 
acres,  where  he  resides  near  Waynesburg,  Penn.  In  1802  Mr. 
Sproat  enlisted  in  Company  K,  Eighteenth  Pennsylvania  Cavahy. 
He  was  discharged  in  1863,  having;  taken  sick  at  the  battle  of  Stone 
River  and  never  again  being  able  for  duty.  In  1869,  he  married 
Miss  Harriet,  daughter  of  Joseph  and  Charlotte  (Rinehart)  Ankrom. 
Her  parents  were  natives  of  this  county — her  father  was  born  in 
1807  and  is  still  living.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Sproat  are  the  parents  of 
seven  children — Charlotte,  Joseph,  Susan,  Eva  V.,  Wilbert,  Jesse 
and  May.  Their  parents  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  in  which  Mr.  Sproat  has  been  class-leader,  and  superintendent 
of  the  Sabbath-school. 

M.  L.  STROSNIDER,  manufactnrer  of  woolen  goods,  AVaynes- 
burg,  Penn.,  was  born  in  AYest  Virginia,  June  11,  1847,  and  is  a 
son  of  Moses  and  Mary  (Thompson)  Strosnider.  They  were  natives 
of  Greene  County^  Penn.,  and  of  German  and  Scotch-Irish  extrac- 
tion. His  father  was  a  wheelwright  by  trade.  M.  L.  Strosnider  is 
next  to  the  youngest  of  ten  children,  was  reared  in  West  Virginia, 
and  received  his  education  in  AYaynesburg  College.  He  first  began 
manufacturing  in  Blacksville,  AY.  A^a.,  in  1870,  where  he  continued 
until  1884.  In  that  year  he  established  the  woolen-mills  at  Waynes- 
burg, where  he  has  since  successfully  engaged  in  that  business.  Mr. 
Strosnider  was  united  in  marriage  May  19,  1875,  with  Caroline, 
daughter  of  Alexander  AYallace,  and  they  have  had  three  children, 
viz. — James  AY.,  Ilarlej^  L.  and  Flora,  of  which  two  are  living. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Strosnider  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church.     He  is  a  Democrat,  and  a  member  of  the  Knights  of  Honor. 


710  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

CAPT.  W.  H.  STOY  was  born  at  Brownsville,  Penn.,  February 
12,  1815,  and  is  a  son  of  Ilenrj  W.  and  Catharine  (Cook)  Stoy. 
His  mother  was  born  at  liagerstown,  Maryland,  and  his  father  at 
Lebanon,  Penn.  They  were  of  Dutch  and  English  descent.  His 
father  received  a  medical  education  in  Germany.  His  grandfather 
was  a  graduate  of  Heidleberg  College,  and  was  sent  to  this  country 
by  the  King  of  Germany  as  a  foreign  minister.  Captain  Stoy's 
father  came  to  Brownsville  in  1807  and  practiced  medicine  for  forty- 
five  years.  Captain  Stoy  had  a  natural  inclination  for  music,  which 
he  wisely  cultivated,  and  for  fifty  years  he  has  been  a  teacher  and 
composer.  He  has  twenty  bands  in  different  towns  and  cities  for 
which  he  furnishes  music.  In  1861  he  enlisted  and  served  in  the 
Union  army  as  leader  of  the  band  for  the  Eighth  Pennsylvania 
Reserves.  He  served  until  the  bands  were  discharged  by  general 
order,  when  he  returned  to  "VVaynesburg,  where  he  has  since  resided. 
He  was  married  in  1844  to  Margaret,  daughter  of  Allen  liJiggs. 
Mrs.  Stoy  was  born  in  Ohio  County,  W.  Va.,  in  1826.  Their  chil- 
dren are  all  married  except  the  youngest.  They  are — Mary,  wife  of 
J.  P.  Sullivan;  Charlotte,  wife  of  George  Albertson;  Catharine,  wife 
of  I.  B.  Raisor;  Henry  AY.,  a  printer;  Gustavus,  a  drug  clerk; 
Dollie,  wife  of  T.  J.  Hawkins;  Lillie,  wife  of  D.  M.  Morrison; 
Jennie,  widow  of  W.  F.  Clayton;  George  B.,  M-ho  married  Miss 
Anna  Robison,  of  Bealsville,  in  1888;  and  Frank,  a  tailor  in  Pitts- 
burgh, Penn.  Captain  Stoy  is  a  prominent  member  of  the  Masonic 
fraternity  and  a  Sir  Ivnight  Templar.  Gustavus,  his  second  son, 
was  born  in  Washington,  Penn.,  August  26,  1854.  He  was  reared 
in  Waynesburg,  where  he  attended  school  and  also  learned  tclegrapliy. 
At  the  present  time  he  is  salesman  and  prescription  clerk  for  11.  S. 
Blachly,  of  Waynesburg.  He  was  married  in  1884  to  Miss  Ruth 
Robinso)),  a  native  of  West  Moreland  County,  Penn.,  and  a  niece  of 
Hon.  R,  S.  Robinson. 

GEORGE  TAYLOR,  a  successful  farmer  and  stock-grower  of 
Franklin  Township,  was  born  in  Washington  Township,  this  county, 
February  16,  1832.  His  parents  were  William  and  Jane  (Crane) 
Taylor,  also  natives  of  this  county.  His  father's  family  consisted 
of  three  children,  of  whom  George  is  the  oldest.  He  was  reared  in 
Washington  Township,  where  he  received  his  education,  and  early 
in  life  beo:an  farminp'.  He  is  now  the  owner  of  318  acres  of  e^ood 
farming  land  in  Greene  County.  In  1858  Mr.  Taylor  married  Miss 
Dorcas,  daughter  of  William  Grimes.  Mrs.  Taylor  was  l)orn  in 
Franklin  Township  in  1831,  and  is  asister  of  H.  M.  Grimes,  a  prom- 
inent farmer,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Taylor  have  a  family  of  eight  chil- 
dren— Margaret  Maria,  Avife  of  J.  Huffman;  Elizabeth  Mary,  wife  of 
Thomas  Robinson;  William  G.,  George  W.,  C.    F.,    Daniel  C,  Ella 


HISTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  711 

and  Dorcas  Anna.  Mr.  Taylor  is  a  Democrat,  and  has  served  on  the 
school  hoard  of  his  district. 

JUSTUS  FOIlDYCf]  TEMPLE,  ex-auditor  general  of  tJie  State 
of  Pennsylvania,  was  horn  in  this  county  Fehruary  13,  1824,  and  is 
a  son  of  John  and  Elizaheth  (Douglas)  Temple.  His  parents  were 
natives  of  Pennsjdvania,  and  of  English  extraction.  His  father,  an 
inn-keeper,  was  also  a  drover,  and  dealt  in  stock  extensively.  General 
Temple  was  the  oldest  in  a  family  of  four  children,  and  was  reared 
in  Greene  County,  where  he  attended  the  common  schools.  Early 
in  life  he  learned  the  cooper's  trade,  at  which  he  worked  for  four 
years.  He  then  taught  school  and  took  an  active  part  in  the 
teachers'  institutes.  In  1854,  General  Temple,  who  is  a  Democrat, 
was  elected  county  auditor,  and  in  1857  was  elected  register  and 
recorder,  which  office  he  held  for  six  years.  He  was  tliQn  elected 
prothonotary  of  the  county  and  served  for  six  years  in  that  office. 
He  then  took  up  the  study  of  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
18G9,  remaining  in  active  practice  until  1874,  when  he  was  elected 
State  auditor  general,  where  he  served  with  honor  for  three  years. 
He  then  resumed  the  practice  of  law.  General  Temple  was  at  one 
time  somewhat  of  a  musician,  and  considered  by  the  boys  in  blue  as 
an  expert  fifer.  He  takes  an  active  interest  in  the  schools,  and  has 
served  as  a  member  of  the  school  board.  He  was  an  active  mover 
in  the  erection  of  the  new  college  building  at  Waynesburg,  and  gave 
liberally  to  the  enterprise.  General  Temple  was  married  in  1851  to 
Miss  Nancy  Ann  Schroy,  who  died  in  1875.  Their  children  are — 
Mary,  wife  of  William  J.  Bayard;  Nevada,  wife  of  William  G.  Os- 
goodby;  James  B.  and  Anna  Belle,  wife  of  Joseph  O'Neill.  In 
1877  the  General  married  Katherine,  daughter  of  Michael  Salmon. 
General  Temple  is  a  prominent  member  of  the  I,  O.  O.  F.  He  has 
been  Deputy  Grand  Master,  and  is  also  a  member  of  the  Masonic 
fraternity. 

JOHN  P.  TEAGAKDEN,  attorney  at  law,  was  born  at  the  old 
Teagarden  homestead  in  Richhill  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn. 
His  father  was  Colonel  Isaac  Teagarden.  His  mother's  maiden  name 
was  Sarah  A.  Parker.  The  family  is  of  Prussian  origin,  and  the 
ancestry  is  traced  back  many  generations.  Abraham  Teagarden  was 
an  educated  civil  engineer,  and  came  from  Prussia  to  America  in 
1744,  locating  first  at  Philadelphia,  Penn.,  where  in  1745  he  married 
Miss  Mary  Parker,  of  English  birth.  Their  oldest  child,  William 
Teagarden,  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  the  17th  day  of  January, 
1746.  Some  time  after  this  Abraham  Teagarden,  with  his  family, 
moved  to  Western  Pennsylvania.  He  was  one  of  the  first  white 
men  who  attempted  to  make  a  settlement  in  this  part  of  the  State. 
Tradition  tells  of  the  many  thrilling  adventures  he  and  his  family 
had  with  the   Indians.      AVilliam  Teagarden    was  married  to  Bethia 


712  iiiSTOiiY  o:'^  gkeejN"e  county. 

Craig,  of  Maryland.  Shortly  after  this  Abraliam  and  William  Tea- 
garden,  and  two  other  families  named  Hughes  and  Hupp,  made  the 
tirst  settlement  attempted  in  the  limits  of  Qreene  County,  near  where 
Clarksville  now  stands.  Old  Fort  lied  Stone,  near  Brownsville,  was 
the  nearest  fort  or  place  of  refuge  from  the  savao-e  marauders.  Will- 
iam Teagarden  and  his  wife,  had,  one  occasion  taken  refuge  in  old 
Fort  Kedstone,  and  it  was  there,  on  March  6,  1775,  that  Abraham 
Teagarden,  grandfather  of  John  P.  Teagarden,  was  lx)rn.  Abraham 
Teagarden  secured  a  liberal  education  for  those  days.  During  the 
Indian  wars  following,  he  enlisted  as  a  private  soldier  in  General 
Wayne's  army,  and  remained  in  the  field  until  peace  was  restored. 
He  married  Nancy  McGuier,  and  immediately  moved  to  lands  he  had 
located  in  Ilichhill  Township  and  in  West  Finloy  Township,  AV^ash- 
ington  County.  His  tirst  house  was  on  the  old  Teagarden  home- 
stead in  Kichhill  Township.  Twelve  children  were  born  to  them, 
the  third  being  Isaac,  the  father  of  John  F.  Teagarden.  Isaac  Tea- 
garden  was  born  April  12,  1807.  He  was  a  mill-wright  by  occupa- 
tion, and  built  many  of  the  mills  in  this  and  Washington  County. 
When  the  slavery  question  arose  he  was  among  the  lirst  to  array  him- 
self on  the  side  of  liberty  and  equal  rights.  He  assisted  in  the  or- 
ganization of  the  so-called  Abolition  party  and  cast  one  of  the  first 
votes  for  that  party  in  this  county.  lie  voted  for  Birney,  the  Free- 
soil  candidate  for  President,  and  continued  to  act  with  the  party  of 
freedom,  voting  for  all  its  candidates,  until  the  organization  of  the 
llepublican  party  in  1850,  when  he  connected  himself  with  that 
party,  and  remained  steadfast  to  its  principles  till  the  time  of  his 
death,  June  20,  1880.  He  was  elected  Colonel  of  the  Forty-sixth 
Pennsylvannia  Militia  and  was  commissioned  Colonel  by  Governor 
Ritner  in  1838,  for  three  years.  When  the  war  of  the  late  Rebellion 
came,  he,  at  the  advanced  age  of  fifty-four,  enlisted  in  Company  F, 
Eighty-fith  Pennsylvania  Volunteers.  He  participated  with  his  reg- 
iment in  the  battles  of  the  Peninsula  and  before  Yorktown.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Christian  Church.  His  family  consisted  of  four 
children — Phoebe  Jane,  Charity  Louise,  John  Parker  and  Thomas  L., 
the  latter  having  died  early  in  childhood.  Phcebe  Jane  Teagarden 
was  one  of  the  prominent  teachers  of  the  county,  but  she  abandoned 
that  profession  and  commenced  the  study  of  medicine,  which  she 
completed  in  a  three  years'  course  at  the  Woman's  Medical  College 
at  Philadelphia,  graduating  from  that  institution  in  the  class  of  1882. 
She  then  immediately  commenced  the  practice  of  medicine  at 
Waynesburg,  where  she  now  has  a  large  and  lucrative  practice. 
Charity  Louise  Teagarden  is  also  a  teacher  of  prominence,  and  is  at 
present  a  teacher  in  the  Union  school  of  Waj-nesburg,  a  position  she 
'las  held  for  the  past  twelve  years.  John  P.  Teagarden  commenced 
life  as  a  teacher.       In  18(59  he  went  to  Iowa  to  teach  school,  and  in 


HISTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY^  713 

the  fall  of  that  year  commenced  the  study  of  law  under  the  tutorshi]) 
of  W.  W.  Ilaskel,  of  the  Oskaloosa,  Mahaska  County  bar,  and  was 
admitted  to  practice  in  the  several  courts  of  Iowa  in  1871.  He  re- 
turned to  the  home  of  his  parents  in  flichhill  Township,  and  in  1872 
the  entire  family  moved  to  AVaynesburg.  He  was  admitted  to  prac- 
tice at  the  Greene  County  bar  in  1872,  and  later  to  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Pennsylvania  and  the  United  States  Courts,  and  has  contin- 
ued in  the  practice  ever  since.  He  is  a  Republican  in  politics,  and 
has  always  taken  an  active  interest  in  political  aifairs.  In  1878  he 
was  tendered  the  Republican  nomination  for  State  Senate  in  the  For- 
tieth Senatorial  District  composed  of  Greene  and  Fayette  counties; 
and  while  he  was  defeated,  yet  he  materially  reduced  the  large  Dem- 
ocratic majority  in  the  district.  In  1880  he  was  elected  President- 
ial elector  and  cast  one  of  Pennsylvania's  votes  for  General  James  A. 
Garfield  for  President.  He  served  two  years  as  Secretary  and  three 
years  as  Chairman  of  the  Republican  County  Committee.  He  was 
elected  burgess  of  Wayneshurg  borough  two  terms,  was  a  member 
of  council  two  terms,  and  is  a  prominent  member  of  the  I.  O.  O. 
F.  of  this  county.  He  was  married  in  1885  to  Miss  Mary  E.  Davis, 
of  Waynesburg. 

JOB  THROCKMORTON,  a  farmer  and  stock-grower  of  Oak 
Forest,  'Penn.,  was  born  in  Greene  County  December  17,  1809.  His 
father  and  mother  were  Joseph  and  Catharine  (Hulsart)  Throckmor- 
ton, natives  of  New  Jersey,  and  of  English  origin.  His  father, 
who  was  a  farmer  all  his  life,  came  to  Greene  County  in  1809,  and 
settled  two  miles  west  of  Waynesburg,  Penn.  His  family  consisted 
of  ten  children,  five  daughters  and  five  sons,  of  whom  Job  was  the 
oldest,  and  was  reared  on  the  farm  with  is  parents.  Early  in  life  he 
learned  the  tailor's  trade  and  engaged  in  that  businass  for  seven- 
teen years.  He  then  bought  his  first  farm,  in  1835,  and  has  since 
devoted  his  time  wholly  to  farming.  His  home  farm  contains  109 
acres  of  valuable  land.  Mr.  Throckmorton  was  united  in  marriage 
with  Sarah  Fry,  who  is  of  German  extraction.  Her  grandparents 
were  among  the  earliest  settlers  of  this  county.  Her  father  was 
a  farmer  and  lived  to  be  over  forty-five  years  old.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Throckmorton's  children  are — George,  a  farmer;  Catharine,  wife  of 
John  Maple;  Joseph  R.,  a  farmer;  and  Franklin  B.,  a  carpenter. 
Mrs.  Maple,  the  only  daughter,  died  February  17,  1885,  and  her 
husband  died  February  18tli  of  the  same  month  and  year,  and  both 
were  buried  in  one  grave  at  the  same  time.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Throck- 
morton are  members  of  the  M.  E.  Church,  in  which  he  has  held  vari- 
ous otiicial  positions.  He  has  been  a  life-long  Democrat,  and  has 
held  most  of  the  oflices  in  Franklin  Township.  Mr.  Throckmorton 
is  greatly  interested  in  school  matters,  and  has  served  as  school  direc- 
tor for  a  number  of  years. 


714:  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

F.  B.  THROCKMORTON,  secretary  of  the  Waynesburg  Rol- 
ler Mill  Company,  was  born  in  Franklin  Township,  Greene 
County,  Penn.,  October  12,  1852.  He  is  a  son  of  Job  and  Sarah 
(Fry)  Throckmorton,  the  former  a  native  of  Pennsylvania  and  the  lat- 
ter of  New  Jersey.  They  Avere  of  English  descent.  His  father 
was  a  tailor  by  trade  and  followed  that  business  in  early  life,  but 
later  he  retired  to  the  farm  where  he  now  resides  in  Franklin 
Township.  F.  B.  Throckmorton  is  the  youngest  in  a  family  of  four 
children  and  was  reared  in  Franklin  Township,  where  he  attended 
the  district  schools.  Early  in  life  he  learned  the  cooper's  trade 
which  he  followed  until  1885,  when  he  was  employed  by  the 
roller  mill  company  at  Waynesl)urg.  In  1872  Mr.  Tiirockmorton 
married  Sarah  A.,  daughter  of  William  Johnson.  Their  children 
are  Ada  B.,  Jesse  E.,  George  Albert  and  Williani.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Throckmorton  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  of 
which  he  is  trustee.  He  is  a  Democrat  and  has  served  as  town- 
ship assessor,  lie  is  chaplain  of  the  Royal  Arcanum  at  Waynes- 
burg. 

J.  T.  ULLOM,  physician  and  surgeon,  of  Waynesburg,  Penn., 
was  born  in  Center  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  April  11, 1847. 
He  is  a  son  of  D.  T.  and  Anna  (Johnson)  Ullom,  natives  of  this 
county,  and  of  German  and  Irish  lineage.  His  ancestors  were  among 
the  earliest  settlers  of  the  county.  Dr.  Ullom  is  a  member  of  a 
family  of  twelve  children,  nine  of  whom  grew  to  maturity.  He  was 
reared  on  the  farm  and  attended  Waynesburg  College.  He  began 
the  study  of  medicine  in  1800,  witli  Dr.  S.  L.  Blachly,  at  Sparta, 
Washington  County,  Penn.  In  1808  he  attended  lectures  at  Charity 
Hospital  Medical  College  at  Cleveland,  Ohio.  In  1869  he  entered 
Jefferson  Medical  College  at  Philadelphia,  and  graduated  in  1870. 
He  at  once  began  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Rogersville,  Greene 
County,  where  he  continued  for  seventeen  years.  He  came  to 
AVaynesburg  in  1887  and  formed  his  present  partnership  with  Dr. 
fl.  T.  lams.  Dr.  Ullom  was  married  in  Rogersville,  January  8, 1875, 
to  Anna,  daughter  of  George  Sellers.  She  is  also  a  native  of  this 
county,  and  of  English  descent.  Their  children  are — Blanche  and 
Frank  S.  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Ullom  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Pro- 
testant Church.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternitj'.  He  has 
been  president  of  the  County  Medical  Society,  and  in  1887  was 
elected  first  vice-president  of  the  State  Medical  Society. 

W.  S.  VANDRUFF,  surveyor,  born  in  Perry  Township,  this 
county,  May  18,  1852,  is  a  son  of  John  and  Racliel  (Maple)  Van- 
drufF,  natives  of  Greene  County.  They  own  a  well-improved  farm 
of  119  acres  in  Perry  Township,  where  Mr.  W.  S.  Vandruff  was 
l)orn.  He  is  the  oldest  in  a  family  of  ten  children,  and  was  reared 
on  the  farm,  attending  the  common  schools  of  the  county.     When 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  715 

lie  reached  his  majority,  he  began  working  by  the  month  on  a  farm. 
At  the  age  of  twenty-three  he  learned  the  carpenter's  trade,  at  which 
he  worked  until  1880.  While  working  at  his  trade  he  studied  sur- 
veying, and  is  now  considered  a  competent  surveyor.  He  also  draws 
maps  with  great  speed  and  accuracy.  In  1887  Mr.  Yandruff  erected 
a  neat  and  substantial  residence  in  Waynesburg,  where  he  now  lives. 
He  OM^ns  a  small  farm  in  Perry  Township,  where  he  has  given  con- 
siderable attention  to  bee  culture.  Mr,  V-andruif,  who  is  a  man  of 
more  than  ordinary  ability,  is  a  great  reader  and  has  a  bright  future 
before  him.  He  was  married  in  1876  to  Matilda,  daughter  of  John 
and  Dorotha  (Haines)  Fox,  natives  of  this  county.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Vandruif  are  the  parents  of  two  children — Ross  Elliott  and  Ottly 
Earl.     They  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church, 

1).  S.  WALTON,  attorney,  and  member  of  the  firm  of  Wyly,  Bu- 
chanan tfc  Walton,  was  born  at  llyerson's  Station,  Greene  County, 
Penn.,  May  17, 1853.  His  parents  were  D.  M.  and  Mary  M.  (Drake) 
Walton,  the  former  a  native  of  Washington  County,  Penn.,  and'  the 
latter  of  Philadelphia.  They  were  married  in  Clarksville,  this  county, 
and  settled  in  the  city  of  Pittsburgh,  where  they  were  burned  out  in 
1845.  They  then  returned  to  Clarksville,  and  in  1850  moved  to 
Eyerson's  Station.  Mrs,  Walton  departed  this  life  in  1859.  Nine 
years  after  her  death  Mr.  Walton  moved  with  his  family  to  Oskaloosa, 
Iowa,  where  he  has  since  resided.  The  family  consisted  of  ten  chil- 
dren, of  whom  three  are  living.  Mr.  D.  S,  Walton,  who  is  next  to 
the  youngest,  acquired  his  education  in  the  common  schools  and  in 
the  colleges  at  Oskaloosa  and  Waynesburg.  He  read  law  M'ith  Wyly 
and  Buchanan,  of  Waynesburg,  and  Judge  Rinehart,  of  Oskaloosa, 
He  w^as  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Iowa,  November  17,  1874,  practiced 
one  year,  and  came  to  AYaynesburg,  entering  the  firm  of  which  he  is 
still  a  member.  Mr.  Walton  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity, 
and  has  tilled  several  offices  of  trust  in  Waynesburg.  He  has  been 
a  member  of  the  borough  council,  a  member  of  the  school  board,  and 
in  1884  was  burgess  of  the  borough.  He  has  been  a  trustee  of  the 
college  for  twelve  years,  and  is  now  president  of  the  board,  Mr, 
Walton  was  united  in  marriage,  March  18, 1873,  wnth  Miss  Mary  A., 
daughter  of  James  A,  J.  Buchanan,  and  they  are  the  parents  of  one 
child,  Jimmie  B.,  a  bright  and  interesting  son,  who  was  born  March 
27,  1874,  and  departed  this  life  April  17,  1888. 

GEORGE  W.  WISECARVER,  farmer,  Waynesburg,  Penn.— 
Among  the  representative  business  men  of  Greene  County,  we  take 
pleasure  in  mentioning  the  name  of  George  W.  Wisecarver,  who  was 
born  in  Whiteley  Township,  this  county,  July  22, 1813.  His  parents 
were  George  and  Catharine  (Orndorf)  Wisecarver,  natives  of  Fred- 
erick County,  Ya.,  and  of  English  and  German  descent.  The  former 
was  born   in   1756.     Mrs.   Wisecarver   was  several    years  younger. 


716  IIKSTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

They  came  to  (rreene  County  in  1800,  settled  in  AYhiteley  Townsliip 
and  reuiuined  until  their  deatli.  They  were  the  parents  of  nine  chil- 
dren, all  of  whom  lived  to  be  over  seventy  years  of  age.  .  Of  these 
six  are  living,  the  youngest  now  past  the  seventieth  mile-stone, 
George  W.  Wisecarver's  early  life  was  spent  with  his  parents  on  the 
farm  in  Whiteley  Township,  and  on  account  of  the  thinly  settled 
country  his  opportunities  for  an  education  were  very  limited,  and  lie 
received  but  four  months'  schooling.  His  father  did  not  succeed  in 
accumulating  very  much  of  this  world's  goods,  and  was  obliged  to 
have  his  children  raised  by  strangers.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  Cxeorge 
started  out  in  life  for  himself,  and  has  succeeded  so  well  that  at  one 
time  he  was  the  owner  of  4,000  acres  of  good  land  in  Greene  County, 
tlie  most  of  which  he  has  divided  with  his  family.  It  is  very  inter- 
esting to  hear  Mr.  Wisecarver  relate  the  many  things  that  have 
transpired  from  the  time  he  did  his  lirst  day's  work  in  the  county  for 
himself,  up  to  the  present,  when  we  find  him  among  the  wealthiest 
men  of  Greene  County.  The  pay  for  the  iirst  day's  work  was  a  lish- 
hook,  and  we  would  presume  that  he  did  not  like  work  by  the  day,  as 
he  soon  found  employment  by  the  month  at  very  low  wages,  and  for 
his  iirst  month's  work  received  from  his  employer,  Samuel  Nelson, 
one  pair  of  shoes  valued  at  $1.50.  At  that  time  $4  was  considered 
good  pay  for  a  month's  work.  Mr.  Wisecarver  learned  the  cooper's 
trade,  which  he  followed  in  connection  with  his  farming.  Most  of 
the  time  for  twelve  years  he  worked  eighteen  liours  out  of  every 
twenty-four,  and  for  seven  years  lie  made  enough  at  night  at  his 
trade  to  pay  two  men  for  their  work  through  the  next  day.  In  1843 
he  bought  a  farm  of  210  acres  in  W^ashington  Townsliip.  In  1849 
his  shop  and  coopering  tools  were  destroyed  by  lire.  Since  then  he 
lias  devoted  most  of  his  time  to  farming,  dealing  in  real  estate  and 
raising  live  stock.  In  1854  Mr.  Wisecarver  went  to  Iowa  and 
entered  2,000  acres  of  land.  In  1857  he  bought  330  acres  more  in 
(Treene  County,  and  in  the  same  year  he  traded  his  land  in  Iowa  for 
500  acres  in  Richhill  Township,  this  county,  giving  the  difference  in 
cash.  He  traded  most  of  his  land  in  Iowa  for  land  in  Pennsylvania. 
By  good  management  and  industry  he  added  many  acres  to  these 
purchases,  and  has  cleared  over  1,000  acres  in  this  county.  Mr. 
Wisecarver,  like  the  majority  of  business  men,  has  had  his  share  of 
bad  luck,  and  has  paid  over  $45,000  for  security  and  otherwise,  from 
which  he  derived  but  little  benefit;  but  being  more  of  a  believer  in 
pluck  than  luck,  he  has  succeeded  notwithstanding  his  losses.  He 
was  united  in  marriage,  IVIay  1,  1843,  with  Priscilla,  daughter  of 
Jacob  and  Phrebe  (Crayne)  Barnes.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wisecarver 
have  been  born  eight  children,  viz:  Nancy,  who  has  been  twice  mar- 
ried, lirst  to  Norman  Worley,  deceased,  her  present  husband  being 
Maj.   Benjamin   Ilerrington;    Caroline,  wife   of  Amos  A.   Allison; 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  717 

Frank  P.,  of  Philadelphia;  Timothy  J.,  a  large  land-owner  in  this 
county;  Margaret  M.,  wife  of  Jesse  Wise,  a  young  attorney  of  the 
Waynesbnrg  bar;  and  Virginia,  a  very  estimable  young  lady.  The 
deceased  are  Pliciebe  J.  and  Elizabetli.  Mr.  AVisecarver's  father 
served  as  wagon-master  under  Gen.  Washington,  and  drew  a  pension 
nntil  his  death.    He  was  present  when  Lord  Cornwallis  surrendered- 

KEY.  JOEL  J.  WOOD,  farmer  and  stock-growler,  Waynesbnrg, 
Penn.— The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  one  of  the  few  Methodist  min- 
isters who  liave  been  financially  successful.  Lie  owns  over  four 
hundred  acres- of  land  in  Greene  County,  and  also  has  land  in  the 
State  of  Iowa.  Mr.  Wood,  who  is  of  English  extraction,  was  born  in 
Whiteley  Township  this  county,  in  1814,  and  is  the  third  son  of 
Edward  Wood,  also  a  native  of  Greene  County.  Rev.  Mr.  Wood 
attended  the  old  Greene  Academy  at  Carmichaels,  Penn.,  and  obtained 
a  good  English  education,  together  with  a  fair  knowledge  of  the  lan- 
guages. Early  in  life  lie  made  a  profession  of  religion.  lie  taught 
school  a  few  months,  but  subsequently  accepted  a  circuit  in  the 
Pittsburg  conference,  and  was  actively  engaged  as  a  minister  over 
twenty-five  years.  Tie  was  always  faithful  to  his  charge  and  allowed 
nothing  to  interfere  with  his  appointments.  He  has  met  with  marked 
success  in  building  church  houses  and  has  been  to  a  great  extent 
instrumental  in  building  up  the  Methodist  Protestant  Church.  Since 
1860  Mr.  Wood  has  engaged  in  farming.  He  has  been  twice  mar- 
ried. His  present  wife,  whom  he  married  in  1864,  was  Miss 
Maggie  E.  Boyd,  of  AVashington  County,  Penn.  He  was  first 
married  at  Fairmount,  AVest  Virginia,  to  Mary  Ann,  second  daugh- 
ter of  Rev.  A.  A.  Shinn,  D.  D.,  who  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the 
Methodist  Protestant  Church.  Mrs.  AVood  died  in  1852.  They  had 
two  children,  one  now  living  —Asa  R.,  a  prominent  business  man  of 
AVashington,  Penn.  By  his  second  marriage  Mr.  Wood  is  the  father 
of  three  children — Mary  E.,  Phoebe  A.  and  Harriet  Frances. 

HIRAM  C.  WOOD,  wool  and  stock-dealer,  was  born  in  Fr/mklin 
Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  April  11,  1851.  He  is  a  f>on  of 
John  D.  and  Sevela  (Barnes)  Wood.  His  mother  was  a  native  of 
New  Jersey.  His  father,  who  was  born  in  Greene  County,  Penn., 
was  an  extensive  dealer  in  wool  and  stock,  and  died  September  26, 
1876.  He  was  also  a  physician  of  the  Eclectic  School  and  had  an 
extensive  practice.  Mr.  Hiram  C.  Wood  is  the  youngest  of  six 
children  living.  He  received  his  education  in  the  common  schools 
of  Greene  County.  He  very  naturally  took  up  the  business  of  his 
father  and  was  his  partner  in  stock-dealing  for  several  years.  He 
owns  a  fine  farm  of  one  hundred  and  seventy-five  acres  in  Franklin 
Township.  In  February,  1873,  Mr.  AYood  was  united  in  marriage 
with  Sarah  J.,  daughter  of  Corbly  Orndoff,  ex-county  commissisner, 
and  they  are  the  parents  of  three   children — John    F.,  Nora   M.  and 


718  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

Miittie  C.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wood  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Epis- 
copal Church.  lie  is  a  Democrat,  and  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  ¥. 
Lodji-e  at  Oak  Forest,  Penn.;  also  a  member  of  the  Waynesburg 
Council,  No.  550,  Koyal  Arcanum,  lie  was  a  member  of  the  firm 
of  John  Ilesket  &  Co.,  commission  raercliants  for  the  sale  of  live 
stock  at  the  Central  Stock  Yards,  Pittsbur*^,  Penn. 

HENPiY  ZIMMEKMAN. — The  writer  takes  <rreat  pleasure  in 
giving  a  sketch  of  the  life  of  Henry  Zimmerman,  of  Franklin  Town- 
ship, one  of  the  oldest  citizens  of  Greene  County,  born  November 23, 
in  the  year  1813.  lie  has  witnessed  great  strides  in  the  progress 
and  improvement  of  the  county,  lie  has  seen  the  wilderness 
metamorphosed  into  ■  highly  cultivated  and  rich  farming  lands, 
covered  with  pleasant  homes  and  inhabited  by  a  prosperous  and 
intelligent  people.  His  parents,  who  were  of  English  and  German 
descent,  came  to  Greene  County  in  1809,  and  resided  in  Whiteley 
Township  twenty-live  years,  then  they  took  up  five  hundred  acres  of 
land  in  Franklin  Township,  on  which  they  resided  until  their  death. 
Henry  was  a  member  of  a  family  of  nine  children,  all  boys;  and  his 
father  lived  to  see  the  day — the  proudest  of  his  life — when  he  and 
his  nine  sons  could  march  to  the  polls  in  solid  phalanx  and  cast  ten 
democratic  votes.  At  present  writing  (1888),  however,  but  two  of 
his  sons  areliving — the  subject  of  our  sketch  and  Pobert  Zimmerman, 
of  Wayne  Township.  In  his  youth  Henry  Zimmerman  learned  the 
trade  of  stone  masonry,  which  he  has  followed  throuiijh  life,  together 
with  farming,  being  the  owner  of  a  line  farm  of  one  hundred  and 
twenty-five  acres  in  Franklin  Township.  His  California  peaches 
are  the  finest  ever  brought  to  market  in  this  part  of  the  country, 
and  he  takes  great  pride  in  his  orchard  of  over  eight  hundred 
trees.  Mr.  Zimmerman  was  united  in  marriage,  September  29, 
1839,  with  Mary  Ellen,  daughter  of  William  and  Ellen  (Hood) 
Seals,  who  were  of  Irish  and  English  ancestry.  Mrs.  Zimmerman 
is  a  grand-daughter  of  James  Seals,  who  was  a  Colonel  in  the 
Revolutionary  war.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Zimmerman  were  born  two 
children — Ellen  J.  and  James  P.,  who  was  born  in  1856,  and  in 
1879  married  Jane  A.,  daughter  of  Pobert  and  Elizabeth  Tewksberry. 
Their  children  are  W.  S.,  Pobert  H.  and  Gilbert  T.  R.  Ellen  J. 
was  united  in  marriage  with  J.  S.  HeiTington,  and  they  were  the 
parents  of  two  children — Mary  C.  (deceased)  and  Emma  A. 

R.  S.  ZOLLARS,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  Waynesburg,  Penn., 
was  born  in  this  county  July  4,  1835.  He  is  a  son  of  Neal  and 
Elizabeth  (Spencer)  Zollars,  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  and  of  French 
and  Dutch  extraction.  His  father,  a  farmer,  came  to  this  county 
in  1834.  Richard,  the  oldest  of  his  six  children,  was  reared  on  the 
farm,  and  received  his  earliest  education  in  the  district  school.  He 
subsequently   attended   Waynesburg    College,  and    for    three   years 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COtJNTY.  719 

clerked  in  a  dry  goods  store.  In  1802  he  enlisted  in  Conip;iny  F, 
First  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  and  served  until  the  close  of  the  war. 
Returning  to  his  native  county,  he  has  since  successfully  devoted  his 
time  to  farminsj.  Mr.  Zollars  was  united  in  marriagre  in  1882,  with 
Miss  Mary,  daughter  of  Caldwell  Orr.  Mrs.  Zollars  was  born  and 
raised  in  this  county,  and  is  a  zealous  member  of  the  M.  E.  Church. 
Her  husband  is  a  Republican,  and  served  one  term  as  coroner  of  the 
county.  He  is  a  prominent  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  the  G.  A. 
R.  Post. 


GILMORE  TOWNSHIP. 

WILLIAM  CLOVIS,  a  farmer  and  stock-grower  of  Greene 
County,  Penn.,  was  born  in  Monongalia  County,  West  Virginia, 
September  9,  1825.  His  parents,  Matthias  and  Nancy  (Parr)  Clovis,. 
were  natives  of  eastern  Pennsylvania,  and  of  German  extraction. 
His  father  was  a  shoemaker  by  trade,  and  spent  most  of  his  life  in 
Greene  County.  He  died  in  1801.  William  is  the  ninth  in  a  family 
of  twelve  children.  He  received  his  education  in  this  county,  and 
early  in  life  learned  the  miller's  trade  and  engaged  in  that  business 
lor  sixteen  years.  He  has  since  been  farming  and  dealing  extensively 
in  stock.  He  has  lived  in  Gilmore  Township  since  1804r.  Mr.  Clovis 
has  made  a  success  of  his  business,  and  has  a  wide  circle  of  friends 
in  Greene  County.  He  is  a  Republican  in  politics,  and  was  elected 
county  commissioner  in  1888.,  His  home  farm  contains  two  hundred 
and  eighty-seven  acres  of  good  land.  William  Clovis  was  united  in 
marriage,  in  West  Virginia,  with  Miss  Rebecca,  daughter  of  Robert 
and  Margaret  (Hinkens)  (Jhalfant,  who  were  of  English  and  German 
lineage.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Clovis  have  a  family  of  twelve  children, 
eleven  of  whom  are  living — Jacob  C,  a  farmer  and  miller;  Marion 
J.,  a  farmer;  John  H.,  a  merchant;  L.  P.,  a  stock-dealer;  Frances  E., 
widow  of  Phenix'Meighen;  A.  E.,  a  merchant;  Peter,  Samuel  S.  and 
Robert  M.,  farmers;  Dora  Pelle  and  Oscar  W.  Their  parents  are 
members  of  the  M.  E.  Church,  in  which  Mr.  Clovis  is  steward,  trus- 
tee and  class-leader.  He  also  takes  an  active  interest  in  the  Sabbath - 
school.  He  has  served  as  justice  of  the  peace  for  a  period  of  ten 
years. 

JEFFERSON  DYE,  hotel-keeper  at  Jolleytown,  Penn.,  is  a  de- 
scendant of  the  earliest  settlers  of  this  county,  and  of  English  and 
German  extraction.    His  father  was  a  fanner  and  miller  by  occupation. 


720  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

Mr.  Dyo  conies  of  a  large  family,  of  wliicli  there  are  representatives 
now  located  in  various  parts  of  the  United  States,  lie  was  born 
November  16,  184:4:,  a  son  of  Minor  and  ilachel  (Caine)  Dje.  His 
mother  was  born  in  Loudoun  County,  Yirginia,  and  was  of  German 
and  English  lineage.  Jefterson  was  reared  in  Greene  County,  Penn., 
where  he  attended  the  common  schools.  He  was  with  his  father  in 
tlie  mill  until  he  wT-nt  to  the  war,  in  1861.  He  enlisted  in  Company 
F,  Seventh  West  Virginia  Infantry,  and  was  a  non-commissioned 
ofiicer.  He  was  in  many  serious  engagements;  among  others,  tlie 
battles  of  Antie'tam,  Chancellorsville  and  Gettysburg.  Mr.  Dye  was 
a  brave  soldier,  and  at  the  battle  of  iVntietam  when  his  regiment  was 
relieved  by  a  regiment  of  Meagher's  Irish  Brigade,  he  did  not  retire 
from  the  Held  with  his  regiment,  but  went  in  with  the  Irish  Brigade. 
After  exhausting  all  his  ammunition  he  replenished  his  cartridge  box 
from  the  box  of  a  wounded  comrade  of  Company  II.  At  the  close 
of  the  war  he  returned  to  Jolleytown,  where  he  has  been  proprietor 
of  a  hotel  and  undertaking  shop  since  1872,  and  recently  engaged  in 
merchandising.  He  was  married  in  this  county,  February  9, 1871,  to 
Rebecca  A.,  daughter  of  Henry  Shriver.  Mrs.  Dye  was  born  in 
!]^Ionongalia  County,  W.  Ya.  She  was  appointed  postmistress  under 
President  Cleveland's  administration.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Dye  were 
born  five  children,  four  of  wliom  are  living — Eva,  Charles,  Frank, 
Fannie  and  Mary  (deceased).  Mr.  Dye's  lirst  wife  was  Mary  J.  Mc- 
jOans.  They  had  one  daughter — Harriet.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Dye  are 
members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  He  was  elected  jus- 
tice of  the  peace  in  1882,  re-elected  in  1887;  is  a  member  of  the  I. 
O.  O.  F.  and  G.  A.  P.  Post  No.  367,  J.  F.  McCidb.ngh.  Waynesburg, 
Penn. 

JACOB  M.  EAKfN,  who  is  a  farmer  and  stock-grower  of  Gil- 
more  Township,  was  born  in  Monongalia  County,  West  Virginia, 
September  1,  1827,  and  is  a  son  of  Justus  and  Mary  (Myers)' Eakin, 
who  were  of  Dutch  and  Scotch-Irish  extraction.  His  motlier  was 
born  at  Garard's  Fort,  this  county.  His  father,  a  native  of  Virginia, 
was  a  cooper  by  trade,  came  to  Greene  County  in  early  life,  and  died 
in  1870.  His  grandfather,  William  Eakin,  was  a  carpenter,  and 
located  for  many  years  at  the  old  glass  works  at  Greensboro,  Penn. 
Jacob's  grandfather  was  a  soldier  in  the  Pevolutionary  war,  and  died 
in  Virginia.  Jacob  M.  is  the  eighth  of  a  family  of  ten  children. 
He  was  reared  in  West  Virginia  and  remained  there  until  August, 
1844.  He  then  removed  to  Greene  County,  Penn.,  where  he  has 
been  a  very  successful  farmer,  and  is  the  owner  of  600  acres  of  valu- 
able land  in  this  county.  Mr.  Eakin  has  been  twice  married,  his  first 
wife  being  Miss  Mary,  a  daughter  of  Erastus  and  Mary  (Barnes) 
Woodruff.  Her  parents  were  natives  of  Delaware,  and  of  English 
descent.     To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Eakin  were   born  four   children — l*h(cbe 


iriSTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  721 

J.,  wife  of  David  Stag-gers;  Sarah,  wife  of  Marion  Clovis;  Atlialiali, 
wife  of  Jacob  Clovis,  and  J.  Pierce,  the  only  son.  He  was  born  in 
Gihnore  Township,  May  31, 1850,  where  lie  spent  his  early  manhood. 
He  was  married  in  West  Virginia,  near  Morgan  town,  January  29, 
1880,  to  Mattie,  daughter  of  Colonel  Heuben  Finnell,  and  they  have 
three  children — Jacob  Myres,  Mary  Bodley  and  Robert  Leemoyne. 
Mrs.  Jacob  Eakin  died  in  1856.  Two  years  later  Mr.  Eakin  married 
Miss  Fannie,  daughter  of  William  and  Xancy  Lemmon,  and  they 
are  the  parents  of  one  child — Mary  E.,  who  is  the  wife  of  O.  J.  Brown, 
of  Mt.  Morris,  Penn. 

JOHX  G.  FORDYCE,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  born  in  Gilmore 
Township,  February  14,  1841,  is  a  son  of  Corbly  and  Jane  (Bailey) 
Fordyce.  His  parents  were  also  natives  of  this  county,  and  of  Eng- 
lish extraction.  His  father,  who  was  a  farmer  and  stock-grower  all 
his  life,  was  reared  in  Greene  County.  He  died  in  1862,  leaving  a 
family  of  twelve  children,  of  whom  John  G.  is  the  sixth.  He  was 
reared  in  (iilmore  Township,  on  the  farm  where  his  brother  resides. 
He  received  a  common-school  education,  then  engafyed  in  farmino;  as 
an  occupation,  and  is  now  one  of  the  most  successful  farmers  in  the 
county.  He  owns  400  acres  of  valuable  land.  In  1866  Mr.  For- 
dyce married  Jane  Huft'nian,  and  they  were  the  parents  of  two  chil- 
dren— Dora  and  Charles.  Mrs.  Jane  Fordyce  died  in  1877,  a  faithful 
member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  Mr.  Fordyce  was  after- 
wards united  in  marriage,  in  1878,  with  Miss  Anna,  daughter  of 
Plijllip^  and  Lydia^Kennedy)_EliilUps,  and  they  have  one  son — 
Phillip  Corbly.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Fordyce  are  prominent  members  of 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

S.  W.  GILMORE,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  JoUeytown,  Penn., 
was  born  in  West  Virginia  May  24,  1842,  and  is  a  son  of  Peter  and 
Ellen  (Trowbridge)  Gilmore.  His  parents  were  also  natives  of  West 
Virginia,  and  of  German  and  Irish  lineage.  His  father,  from  whom 
Gilmore  Township  took  its  name,  was  a  farmer  during  his  life  time, 
and  died  in  West  Virginia  May  19,  1876.  The  subject  of  this 
sketcli  was  the  youngest  in  a  family  of  five  children.  He  was  reared 
in  Monongalia  County,  AVest  Virginia,  and  received  a  common-school 
education.  Mr.  Gilmore  has  followed  farming  as  his  chief  occupa- 
tion, and  is  the  owner  of  a  good  farm  of  400  acres.  He  was  lirst 
married  January  13,  1873,  to  Hannah  Taylor,  daughter  of  George 
and  Marinda  (Garrison)  Taylor.  Of  their  iive  children,  four  are 
living,  viz:  William  H..  Oscar  E.,  Martha  M.  and  Marinda  E.  Their 
mother  died  September  30,  1881.  Mr.  Gilmore  was  again  united  in 
marriage,  in  1883,  with  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  John  and  Elizabeth 
(Sanders)  White,  and  they  are  the  parents  of  one  child — John  W. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Gilmore  are  nieml)ers  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  in  which  he  is  class-leader  and  trustee.      He  has   also  been 


722  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

superintendent  of  the  Sabljath-scliool.  Mr.  Gilmore  is  a  Republican. 
In  18G2  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  Company  K,  Fourteenth  West 
Virginia  Infantry,  and  was  promoted  to  the  office  of  Second  Lien- 
tenant.  He  was  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Cloid  Mountain.  He 
served  until  the  close  of  the  war,  and  is  now  a  member  of  (1.  A.  R. 
Post  550. 

HON.  JOHN  IIAGAN. — Among  the  most  successful  1)usiness 
men  of  Greene  County  may  be  mentioned  lion.  John  Ilagan,  de- 
ceased. He  was  born  in  County  Londonderry,  Ireland,  and  came  to 
America  while  very  young.  He  located  at  Pittsburgh,  Penn.,  work- 
ing at  anything  that  came  to  hand,  and  was  successful  in  everything 
he  undertook.  He  had  a  taste  for  the  mercantile  trade,  and  when  he 
came  to  Greene  County — more  than  half  a  century  ago. — he  entered 
into  partnership  with  Patrick  McCullough  and  carried  on  a  general 
store  at  Jolleytown,  Penn.  At  his  death  he  owned  over  700  acres 
of  land  in  Greene  County.  His  success  was  due  mainly  to  his  indus- 
try and  a  determination  to  succeed.  He  died  in  1873,  shortly  after 
his  election  to  the  Legislature.  Mr.  Hagau  was  united  in  marriage 
in  this  county,  in  1859,  with  Martha,  daughter  of  Abner  and  Han- 
nah (Morris)  Garrison,  and  they  had  a  family  of  live  children,  viz: 
John  Patrick,  Charles  L.,  a  prominent  attorney  of  West  Virginia; 
Clara  May,  Mary  and  Catherine.  The  family  are  all  members  of  the 
Catholic  Church.  Mrs.  Plagan  is  now  a  resident  of  Ohio.  Her 
mother  was  a  sister  of  Major  J.  B.  Morris,  of  Mt.  Morris,  Penn. 

T.  M.  HEN N EN,  wool  and  stock-dealer  and  secretary  of  the 
Philadelphia  Oil  Company,  was  born  in  Greene  County,  Penn.,  July 
27,  1839.  He  is  a  son  of  George  and  Jane  (Munyon)  Ilenner,  who 
were  of  Irish  and  English  origin.  His  father  ua.^  a  farmer  and 
stock-grower  by  occupation,  and  died  September  13,  1885.  His 
family  consisted  of  eleven  children,  of  whom  the  subject  of  this 
sketcli  is  tlie  sixth.  He  was  reared  in  Gihnore  Township  and  re- 
ceived a  good  English  education.  Mr.  Ilennen  first  engaged  in 
farming  and  dealing  in  wool,  in  which  business  he  has  spent  most 
of  his  life.  In  18G3  he  became  actively  interested  in  the  oil  busi- 
ness in  Dunkard  Township,  and  when  the  J^hiladelphia  Oil  Company 
was  formed  and  commenced  operations  in  Greene  County  he  was 
elected  secretary.  He  is  the  owner  of  a  good  farm  of  105  acres, 
where  he  now  resides  in  Gilmore  Township.  Mr.  Hennen  wa# 
united  in  marriage  in  1868  witli  Rachel,  daughter  of  Thomas  AV. 
Taylor,  Esq.,  of  this  county,  and  they  are  the  parents  of  three  chil- 
dren— Frank  W.,  George  B.  and  Tinna  A.  Mrs.  Ilennen  is  a 
devoted  member  of  the  Baptist  Church.  Her  husband  is  a  Demo- 
crat and  secretary  of  the  scliool  board  in  his  township. 

JOHN  LANTZ,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  Jolleytown,  Penn., 
was  born  in  Wayne  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  May  8,  1829. 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  '  728 

He  is  a  son  of  Jacob  and  Delilah  (Coeu)  Lantz,  natives  of  tins  coun- 
ty, and  of  German  and  English  lineage.  His  father  was  a  farmer 
and  stock-grower  and  a  great  hunter,  born  in  Greene  County  in  1791. 
He  was  a  soldier  in  the  war  of  1812,  and  died  in  1858.  His  family 
consisted  of  live  sons,  of  whom  John  is  the  fourth.  He  was  reared 
on  the  home  farm  in  Wayne  Township,  and  has  successfully  engaged 
in  farming  as  an  occupation.  He  owns  350  acres  of  valuable  land 
in  Gilmore  Township,  where  he  has  lived  since  1850.  Mr.  Lantz 
was  married  in  Greene  County  September  19,  1850,  to  Miss  Sarah, 
daughter  of  Jacob  and  Charlotte  ih-adford,  natives  of  this  county, 
and  of  English  descent.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lantz  have  a  family  of  eleven 
children,  ten  of  whom  are  living,  viz. — AVilliam  H.  and  M.  J.,  mer- 
chants; A.  B.,  a  farmer;  L.  W.,  S.  C,  a  carpenter;  John,  Delilah, 
Martha,  Jacob  and  Alexander.  Their  mother  is  a  member  of  the  ' 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  Mr.  Lantz  is  a  Kepublican,  and  hasi 
served  as  justice  of  the  peace  for  fifteen  years.  f 

SALEM  LEMMOISI,  deceased,  was  born  March  20,  1823,  and 
died  August  15,  1887.  He  was  a  farmer  and  stock-dealer  and  a 
successful  business  manager,  being  at  the  time  of  his  death  the 
owner  of  over  600  acres  of  land  in  Gilmore  Township.  Mr.  Lem- 
mon  was  the  son  of  William  and  Nancy  Lemmon,  of  this  township. 
They  were  of  Irish  and  German  lineage.  Mr.  Lemmon  was  reared 
in  this  township,  attended  the  common  schools,  and  subsequently 
chose  farming  and  stock  dealing  as  his  business  through  life,  lie 
was  twice  united  in  marriage;  hrst,  with  Mary  (Babbit)  Lemmon, 
and  they  were  the  parents  of  tw^o  children — William  Milton,  a  farmer; 
and  Harry,  (deceased).  Their  mother  died  February  14,  1853.  Mr. 
Lemmon's  second  wife,  Maria  (McCune)  Lemmon,  is  still  living. 
She  was  born  in  Dunkard  Townsliip,  tliis  county,  and  is  a  daughter 
of  John  and  Mary  McCune,  who  were  of  Irish  origin.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Lemmon  were  married  December  25,  1859.  Their  children  are 
Mary  M.,  owner  ot  a  well  improved  farm  in  Gilmore  Township,  and 
a  dressmaker  by  occupation;  Sarah  A.,  wife  of  Andrew  Lantz;  and 
Nancy  V.,  wife  of  George  Strawn.  The  family  are  all  members  of 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  in  which  Mr.  Lemmon  was  steward 
and  trustee.  He  was  a  Democrat,  and  served  fifteen  years  as  justice 
of  the  peace.  He  had  just  been  re-elected,  at  the  time  of  his  death, 
to  another  term  of  five  years. 

W.  M.  LEMMON,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  who  was  born  in 
Gilmore  Township  May  17,  1850,  is  a  son  of  Salem  and  Mary 
(Babbit)  Lemmon.  His  parents  were  also  natives  of  this  county, 
and  of  German  and  English  descent.  His  father  was  a  prominent 
farmer  and  stock-dealer,  and  was  justice  of  the  peace  for  many  years 
in  Gilmore  Township.  He  was  twice  married.  W.  M.  is  the  oidy 
child  by  the  first  marriage.     He  grew  to  manhood  in  this  township  , 

39 


724  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COtTNTY. 

attended  the  comraon  schools,  and  has  engaged  extensively  in  farm- 
ing and  stock  growing.  Mr.  Leminon  is  specially  interested  in  fine 
horses,  and  is  the  owner  of  Diomede  No.  1118  in  France,  and  in 
America  No.  2523.  Diomede  was  brought  from  France  and  cost 
$2,000.  Mr.  Lemmon  also  owns  a  good  farm  of  150  acres.  He 
was  married  in  West  Virginia  Angust  30,  1874,  to  Clarissa  J., 
daughter  of  Alexander  and  Rachel  (Russell)  Hennen.  Mrs.  Lem- 
mon is  a  native  of  Virginia,  and  of  English  extraction.  Their  chil- 
dren are — Jesse  Harry,  Lydia  Ellen,  Mary  Ilally,  Owen  R.  and 
Emma  Alice.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lemmon  are  leading  members  in  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  in  which  he  is  steward  and  trustee. 

SALATHIEL  LEMMON,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born 
November  2,  1838,  on  the  farm  where  he  resides  in  Gilmore 'Town- 
ship. He  is  a  son  of  William  and  Nancj^  (Lemmon)  Lemmon,  who 
were  of  Irish  and  German  origin.  His  mother  was  a  native  of  this 
county.  His  father  was  born  in  Lancaster  County,  Penn.  He  was 
a  farmer  all  his  life,  and  died  in  this  township  in  18G8.  His  family 
consisted  of  five  children,  of  whom  Salatliiel  is  the  youngest.  He 
grew  to  manhood  in  this  township,  where  he  has  been  quite  success- 
ful as  a  farmer,  and  is  considered  one  of  Greene's  most  prosperous 
citizens.  He  has  also  devoted  some  time  to  milling.  Mr.  Lemmon 
owns  450  acres  of  well  improved  land.  He  is  a  genial,  agreeable 
gentleman,  and  has  a  wide  circle  of  friends.  He  was  united  in  the 
holy  bonds  of  matrimony  May  15,  18(30,  with  Miss  Nancy,  daughter 
of  B.  Renner,  and  they  are  the  parents  of  six  children — William  J., 
Elizabeth  E.,  wife  of  Lewis  Cumpston;  Barney  R.,  Dora  M.,  Charles 
M.  and  Rosa  M.  William,  the  oldest,  was  born  in  1862,  and  reared 
on  the  farm  with  his  parents.  He  was  married  in  1883  to  Rosa 
May,  daughter  of  Abraham  Taylor,  and  they  have  one  child — 
Abraham  Salathiel.  Elizabeth  E.  and  Lewis  Cumpston  were  mar- 
ried in  1883,  and  have  three  children — Bertie  C,  Goldie  M.  and 
Barney  M.  Mr.  Lemmon  votes  the  straight  Democratic  ticket.  He 
takes  an  active  interest  in  school  affairs,  and  has  been  one  of  the  board 
of  directors  for  seven  years. 

PETER  MEIGHEN,  deceased,  who  M-as  a  pioneer  farmer  and 
stock-grower,  was  born  in  Wayne  Township,  Greene  County  Penn., 
September  25,  1809.  Lie  was  the  son  of  William  and  Elizabeth 
(Hughes)  Meighen,  the  former  a  native  of  Ireland,  and  the  latter  of 
this  county.  Peter  Meighen's  grandfather  Hughes  came  to  Greene 
Connty  in  1762,  at  sixteen  years  of  age,  and  died  in  1836.  He  was 
a  farmer  by  occupation,  as  were  most  of  the  Hughes  family 
in  America.  Some  of  them  have  engaged  quite  successfully  in  the 
mercantile  business.  The  subject  of  our  sketch  died  in  1867.  Of  his 
thirteen  children  ten  are  still  living.  Elizabeth,  the  oldest  daughter, 
died  in  1855.    William   II.,  the  oldest  son  was  born  in  this  township 


\),    HuJn*o     yv^^  _  ^IWhtv^y^ 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  725 

in  1841.  In  1861  he  enlisted  in  Company  F.,  Seventh  West  Virginia, 
Infantry.  Afterwards  re-enlisting,  he  served  until  close  of  the  war. 
During  his  services  he  was  Corporal,  afterwards  Sergeant,  then  pro- 
moted to  First  Lientenant.  Catherine,  and  Belinda  are  the  two  old- 
est daughters.  James,  deceased  1850.  Felix,  deceased  1884,  was  a 
prominent  merchant  of  Jolleytown  this  Township.  Susan,  wife  of 
Peter  "     "  '  "  -----  __      . 

partne 
wife  of 

tional  Bank  of  Waynesburg,  Greene  County,  Penn  ;  Martha  young- 
est daughter,  teacher  in  the  public  schools  this  county.  John,  Will- 
iam, Dennis  and  Peter  are  prominent  farmers  and  stock-raisers,  they 
together,  with  their  mother  own  seven  hundred  acres  of  land.  Peter 
Meighen's  widow  is  still  living  in  Gilmore  Township.  She  is  a 
daughter  of  James  Dye,  who  was  born  December  1,  1769.  He  was 
a  hunter  ^nd  pioneer  farmer,  and  among  the  first  to  find  the  Corb- 
ley  family  after  they  had  been  murdered  by  the  Indians  at  Garard's 
Fort.  - 

PHILIP  SIIOUGII,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  son  of  Joseph  and 
Catharine  (Chisler)  Shough,  was  l^orn  near  Uniontown,  >'ayette 
Count}',  Penn.,  August  10,  1801).  His  mother  was  a  native  of 
Maryland.  His  father,  who  was  of  German  extraction,  was  born  in 
Lancaster  County,  Penn.,  July  16,  1761,  and  died  in  Fayette  County, 
Ohio.  He  was  a  farmer  and  gunsmith  through  life.  Philip  was  the 
youngest  of  a  family  of  thirteen  children,  all  of  whom  reached  ma- 
turity except  one,  who  died  at  the  age  of  seventeen.  Mr.  Shough 
was  one  of  the  few  persons  in  Greene  County  who  were  so  fortunate 
as  to  see  General  LaFayette  during  his  last  visit  to  America.  Being 
a  bound  boy,  he  received  but  a  limited  education  in  the  common 
schools.  He  was  bound  for  live  years  to  learn  a  trade,  but  has 
made  farming  his  chief  occupation,  in  which  he  has  been  very  suc- 
cessful. At  one  time  his  possessions  amounted  to  over  seven  hun- 
dred acres  of  land,  but  much  of  it  has  been  given  to  his  children. 
He  now  owns  one  hundred  and  fifty  acres  where  he  resides  in  Gilmore 
Township.  Fie  was  united  in  marriage  in  Dunkard  Township,  Jan- 
uary 15,  1832,  with  Matilda,  daughter  of  George  and  Elizabeth 
(Long)  Garrison.  Mrs.  Shough,  who  was  of  German  origin,  died 
January  18,  1885.  Of  their  six  children,  four  are  living;  Pebecca, 
wife  of  William  Hoskinson;  George  W.,  a  farmer;  Sarah  Ann,  wife 
of  Hiram  Milliken;  and  Mattie.  Josephus  and  Elizabeth  are  de- 
ceased. Mr.  Shough  is  a  Cumberland  Presbyterian,  of  which  church 
his  deceased  wife  was  a  faithful  member.  Mr.  Shough  is  a  Pepub- 
lican  in  politics,  and  was  a  captain  in  the  old  militia.  He  takes  an 
active  interest  in  school  affairs  and  has  been  a  member  of  the  board 
of  directors  in  his    township.     G.  W.  Shough,  his  oldest  son   now 


726  HISTORY    OF    GEEENE    COUNTY. 

living,  was  born  Marcli  16,  1839,  and  was  reared  in  Gilmore  Town- 
ship on  the  old  home  farm.  He  has  made  farming  his  occnpation, 
and  is  the  owner  of  three  hundred  acres  of  land.  He  is  married  and 
the  father  of  eleven  children.  He  was  a  student  at  Wajnesburg 
College  when  the  war  broke  out  in  1861,  but  enlisted  in  the  Seventh 
Pennsylvania  Yolunteer  Infantry,  and  was  elected  Lieutenant  of  the 
company.  He  was  in  many  hotly  contested  battles — among  others 
Gettysburg  and  Antietam. 

J  ACOii  L.  SHRIYER,  physician  and  surgeon,  Jolleytown,  Penn., 
was  born  in  Whiteley  Township,  January  11,  1828.  He  is  a  son  of 
Williainan^Elizabeth  (Shull)  Shriver^  who  were  also  natives  of  this 
countyTand  ot  Irisirand  Uerman  origin.  His  father  was  a  farmer  all 
his  life  and  died  in  1880.  His  family  consisted  of  nine  children,  of 
whom  the  Doctor  is  the  oldest.  He  remained  on  the  farm  with  his 
parents  until  he  was  eighteen  years  of  age,  and  attended  the  district 
schools.  He  afterwards  spent  some  time  in  the  old  Greene  Acad- 
emy at  Carmichaels,  and  the  College  at  Waynesburg,  Penn.  He 
studied  medicine  with  Doctors  Arthur  Inghram  and  Alexander 
Shaw,  of  AV^aynesburg.  Dr.  Shriver  iirst  engaged  in  his  chosen  pro- 
fession, in  1851,  at  Jolleytown,  Penn.,  where  he  has  had  a  large  and 
lucrative  practice,  and  is  now  the  owner  of  considerable  estate.  He 
has  a  farm  of  two  hundred  and  thirty  acres  in  Gilmore  Township. 
The  Doctor  is  a  registered  member  of  the  Greene  County  and  State 
Medical  Societies.  He  was  united  in  marriage,  December,  4,  1851, 
with  Sarah,  daughter  of  John  and  Sarah  (Gardner)  Goodwin,  and 
they  are  the  parents  of  nine  children:  Elizabeth  Ann,  wife  of  A.  E. 
Clovis,  a  merchant  at  Jolleytown;  John  M.,  a  physician;  Josephine, 
wife  of  Morris  J.  Lantz;  William  G.,  who  is  in  the  real  estate  business 
in  the  West;  Isaac  N .,  a  farmer;  Sadie,  wife  of  John  Russell;  J.  P., 
Jessie  May,  and  Mary  Mattie.  The  Doctor  is  a  member  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  and  has  served  as  school  director  of  his 
Township. 

ABRAHAM  TAYLOR,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born  in 
Gilmore  Township,  this  county  April  1,  1839.  His  parents,  Francis 
and  Susannah  (Baldwin)  Taylor,  were  also  natives  of  this  county, 
and  of  English  extraction,  Ilis  father,  who  was  a  successful  farmer, 
died  in  1887.  His  family  consisted  ot  twelve  children — four  daugh- 
ters and  eight  sons — of  whom  Abraham  is  the  fifth.  He  was  reared 
on  the  farm  in  Gilmore  Township,  and  attended  the  district  schools. 
He  has  been  engaged  as  a  farmer  all  his  life,  and  owns  seventy  acres 
of  good  land  where  he  resides.  Mr.  Taylor  was  united  in  marriage, 
August  20,  1864,  with  Eliza  Ellen,  daughter  of  Alexander  and  Maria 
(Clovis)  Compston.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Taylor  have  three  children — -Rosa 
May,  wife  of  William  Lemmon;  Patrick  Henry  and  John  II.  They 
are  members  of  the  Southern  Methodist  Church,  in  which  Mr.  Taylor 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  727 

is  trustee.  lie  is  a  Democrat  in  politics,  and  at  the  breaking  out  of 
the  Rebellion,  he  promptly  enlisted  in  Company  F,  Seventh  West 
Virginia  Infantry  and  served  two  years  and  nine  days.  He  was  in 
many  battles  and  skirmishes,  among  which  were  the  battles  of 
Fredericksburg,  Bull  Run,  Antietam,  Chancellors ville  and  Gettys- 
burg.    He  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  Post  550. 


GREENE  TOWNSHIP. 

W.  C.  BAILEY,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  who  is  descended  from 
the  early  pioneers  of  Greene  County,  Avas  born  Marcli  27,  1842,  on 
Muddy  Creek,  this  county,  on  the  farm  where  his  parents  reside.  He 
is  a  son  of  J.  K.  and  Delilah  (Craft)  Bailey,  who  are  natives  of  this 
county,  and  of  German  origin.  W.  C.  is  their  fourth  child.  He 
was  reared  in  Cumberland  Township,  and  attended  the  common 
school  and  Greene  Academy  at  Carmichaels,  Penn.  Mr.  Bailey 
taught  school  for  several  years,  but  subsequently  devoted  his  time 
wholly  to  farming  and  stock-groAving,  and  owns  236  acres  of  good 
land  near  Whiteley  P.  O.,  Greene  Township,  this  county.  Mr.  Bailey 
was  united  in  marriage,  January  15, 1874,  with  Miss  Maggie,  daugh- 
ter of  Richard  and  Emeline  (Wise)  Hawkins.  She  is  of  German  and 
English  origin.  Mr.  Bailey  is  a  Republican.  He  and  wife  are  active 
members  of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church. 

B.  W.  DEJSTNY,  M.  D.,  was  born  in  Jefferson  Borough,  Greene 
County,  Penn.,  September  17,  1836,  and  is  a  son  of  William  and  Re- 
becca (Litzenburg)  Denny,  natives  of  Pennsylvania.  His  father  and 
grandfather,  John  Denny,  were  farmers.  The  latter  came  from 
England  to  America,  and  settled  near  Jefferson,  Penn.,  where  B.  W. 
spent  his  youthful  days  and  attended  the  common  school.  The  Doc- 
tor attended  Waynesburg  College  until  he  began  the  study  of  medi- 
cine in  the  office  of  Dr.  W.  D.  Rogers,  of  Jefferson.  In  1859  he 
entered  the  Medical  College  at  Cleveland,  Ohio,  where  he  graduated 
in  1862.  Then,  instead  of  entering  the  practice  of  his  profession, 
he  raised  a  company  for  the  service  of  his  country.  He  was  elected 
Captain  of  Company  E,  of  the  Ringold  Cavalry,  which  afterwards 
became  Company  F,  of  the  Twenty- second  Regiment.  Capt.  Denny 
remained  in  command  for  three  years,  with  the  exception  of  about 
eight  months  when  he  was  sent  on  detached  service  to  Washington, 
D.  C.      Dr.  and  Mrs.  Denny  were  at  Washington  at  the  time  of  the 


728  HISTORY    OF    GEEENE    COUNTY. 

assassination  of  President  Lincoln,  and  had  intended  going  to  Ford's 
Theatre  that  night;  but  fortunately,  owing  to  the  Doctor's  indisposi- 
tion, they  were  not  present  on  that  fatal  occasion.  At  the  close  of 
the  war  he  began  the  practice  of  medicine  in  Greene  County,  where 
he  has  been  actively  engaged  in  the  profession  ever  since.  Financially 
the  Doctor  has  met  with  success,  and  owns  a  good  farm  where  he  re- 
sides in  Greene  Township.  lie  was  married  October  8,  1862,  to 
Miss  Rachel,  daughter  of  Samuel,  and  grand-daughter  of  James  Bra- 
den.  Her  mother's  maiden  name  was  Hannah  Ross.  Mrs.  Denny 
is  of  English  and  Irish  descent.  They  have  one  child — -Millie  May. 
The  family  are  faithful  members  of  the  Baptist  Church,  in  which  the 
Doctor  is  one  of  the  trustees. 

W.  C.  FLENNIKEN,  merchant  at  Whiteley,  Greene  County, 
Fenn.,  was  born  in  Carmichaels,  Penn.,  February  4,  1853.  He  is  a 
son  of  James  and  Rachel  (Kerr)  Flenniken,  natives  of  this  county. 
His  ancestors  were  among  the  earliest  settlers  of  Greene  Count3\ 
Mr.  Flenniken's  father  was  a  merchant  and  drover,  and  met  with 
success  in  his  business.  For  nearly  half  a  century  he  was  engaged 
in  merchandising  at  Rice's  Landing,  Carmichaels,  Jefferson  and  Cey- 
lon, Penn.,  where  he  departed  this  life  in  1886.  Of  his  six  children, 
three  are  now  living,  viz:  Horace  G.,  Emma  J.,  wife  of  George  Mc- 
Millan, and  W.  C,  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  He  was  reared  in  this 
county,  and  early  in  life  went  as  a  clerk  into  his  father's  store,  where 
he  remained  until  he  took  an  interest  in  the  business  with  his  father. 
They  established  the  present  business  in  1879,  and  since  his  father's 
death  W.  C.  has  been  sole  proprietor.  He  was  united  in  marriage, 
in  1873,  with  Miss  Samantha,  daughter  of  John  Hughes.  Their 
children  are — ^ Walter  and  Clyde.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Flenniken  are  lead- 
ing members  of  the  Baptist  Church. 

STEPHENSON  GARARD,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  P.  O. 
Willow  Tree,  was  born  at  Taylortown,  Dunkard  Township,  Greene 
County,  Penn.,  May  18,  1828,  and  is  a  son  of  Jonathan  and  Ann 
(Gregg)  Garard.  His  father,  who  was  a  farmer,  stock-grower  and 
manufacturer,  served  ten  years  on  the  bench  as  associate  judge  of  this 
county,  where  he  died.  His  family  consisted  of  live  children,  of 
whom  Stephenson  was  next  to  the  youngest.  He  was  reared  in 
Greene  County,  where  he  attended  the  subscription  schools.  In 
1854  he  bought  a  farm  and  has  since  very  successfully  devoted  his 
time  and  talent  to  farming  and  stock-growing.  Mr.  Garard  is  the 
owner  of  about  500  acres  of  valuable  land.  On  his  home  farm  are 
the  Garard  oil  wells,  Nos.  1,  2  and  3,  all  producing  wells.  In  1850 
Mr.  Garard  was  united  in  marriage  with  Mary  A.,  daughter  of 
William  Robinson.  Mrs.  Garard  is  of  English  descent.  Their 
children  are — Elizabeth,  wife  of  John  Minor;  Emma  M.,  wife  of 
Albert  Dowlin;  Flora  B.,  wife  of  G.  W.  W.  Blair;  Jesse  L.,  A.  Y., 


HISTORY    OF    GEEENE    COUNTY.  729 

Anna  and  Rachel,  all  of  whom,  M'itli  one  exception,  are  members  of 
the  Goshen  Baptist  Church,  in  which  Mr.  Garard  serves  as  deacon. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Garard  come  from  two  of  the  representative  families  of 
the  pioneer  settlers  of  Greene  County,  and  are  highly  respected 
citizens. 

CHARLES  KEENER,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  R.  O.  Willow 
Tree,  was  born  October  8,  1827,  on  the  farm  where  he  resides.  He 
is  a  son  of  Robert  and  Elizabeth  (Eberhart)  Keener,  natives  of  this 
county.  His  father,  who  is  a  successful  farmer,  has  reached  the  ad- 
vanced age  of  eighty-five  years.  He  has  reared  a  family  of  seven 
children,  four  of  whom  are  living.  Of  these,  Charles  is  the  oldest. 
He  was  reared  on  the  farm  and  received  his  education  in  one  of  the 
old-fashioned  log  school-houses  of  the  district.  Charles  wisely  chose 
his  father's  occupation,  and  by  industry  and  economy  has  increased 
his  father's  farm  from  180  to  233  acres  of  well-improved  land.  Mr. 
Keener  was  married  October  10,  1857,  to  Miss  Tabitha  E.,  daughter 
of  Charles  Stewart.  Mrs.  Keener  is  a  native  of  Virginia.  Their 
clrldren  are — Robert  C,  Aaron,  L.  L.,  C.  E.,  F.  H.,  James  "W.  and 
Thorton  F.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Keener  are  faithful  members  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  in  which  he  is  a  steward.  He  is  a 
Democrat  in  politics,  has  been  school  director,  supervisor  of  Greene 
Township,  and  inspector  of  elections. 

HON.  ANDREW  LANTZ,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  Whiteley, 
Penn.,  was  born  in  Greene  Township,  this  county.  May  8,  1839.  His 
parents,  John  and  Jane  (Wildman)  Lantz,  were  natives  of  Greene 
County,  and  of  English  and  German  descent.  His  father,  who  was 
a  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  a  man  of  marked  business  ability, 
and  at  the  time  of  his  death,  in  1876,  was  the  owner  of  2,000  acres 
of  land.  Andrew  has  1,400  acres.  He  was  reared  on  the  home 
farm  and  attended  the  district  schools.  Being  the  only  child  who 
grew  to  matnrity,  his  father  carefully  instructed  him  in  all  kinds  of 
work  and  the  proper  transaction  of  business.  In  1860  Mr.  Lantz 
married  Miss  Lucretia,  daughter  of  George  Lemley.  Mrs.  Lantz  is 
of  English  descent.  Their  children  are — John  F.,  David  E.,  Charley 
and  Ada  Alice.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lantz  are  active  members  in  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  in  which  he  is  trustee.  In  politics  Mr. 
Lantz  is  a  Democrat,  and  has  served  as  justice  of  the  peace  for  ten 
years  in  Greene  County.  He  takes  an  active  interest  in  educational 
affairs,  and  has  served  as  school  director  for  a  number  of  terms.  In 
1882  he  was  elected  to  the  Legislature,  and  was  an  active  member 
during  the  two  terms  he  was  connected  with  that  body. 

JOHN  F.  LANTZ,  farmer  and  stock-grower.  Lone  Star,  Penn., 
was  born  October  10,  1861,  in  the  township  where  he  now  resides. 
]{e  is  the  oldest  son  of  Hon.  Andrew  Lantz,  of  Greene  Township, 
whose  biographical  sketch  appears  in  this  volume.     John  was  reared 


730  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

on  the  farm  and  obtained  liis  early  education  in  tlie  district  schools. 
lie  subsequently  took  a  regular  course  of  instruction  at  Iron  City 
College,  Pittsburg,  Penn.,  where  he  graduated  in  1881.  Mr.  Lantz 
has  a  good  farm  of  201  acres  well  adapted  to  the  raising  of  stock, 
in  which  he  engages  extensively,  making  fine  cattle  a  specialty.  In 
1882,  Mr.  Lantz  was  united  in  marriage  with  Sarah,  daughter  of 
Imri  Taylor,  who  is  a  merchant  and  farmer  in  Whiteley  Township. 
Mr.  Lantz  is  a  Democrat  in  politics.  His  wife  is  a  faithful  member 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church, 

GEORGE  W.  LANTZ,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born  in 
Greene  Township^  March  24,  1844.  He  attended  the  district  school, 
and  has  been  engaged  in  his  present  occupation  from  his  youth.  In 
1886  he  engaged  in  the  lumber  business  in  company  with  Abner 
Munnell,  and  is  owner  and  proprietor  of  a  large  planing  and  saw- 
mill, at  Greensboro,  Penn.  Mr.  Lantz  is  a  son  of  Jacob  and  Cassandra 
(South)  Lantz,  natives  of  this  county.  His  father,  who  was  a  success- 
ful farmer,  died  in  1861.  Mr.  Lot  Lantz,  George's  grandfather,  was 
at  one  time  elected  brigade  inspector  of  the  militia  of  the  county, 
and  was  a  pioneer  of  Greene  County.  He  was  a  wealthy  stock- 
drover  and  engaged  extensively  in  pork  packing,  making  heavy  ship- 
ments to  Baltimore.  He  also  carried  on  a  distillery  for  years. 
September  4,  1870,  George  Lantz  married  Miss  Mary,  daughter  of 
Joseph  Tanuehill,  and  they  were  the  parents  of  the  following  children: 
Laura  V.  Chandas,  Hughes  and  James.  Lessie  being  deceased,  A 
remarkable  fact  exists  in  the  history  of  these  children.  Lessie,  born 
July  14,  1878,  avIio  lived  to  be  two  years  of  age,  was  born  just  six- 
teen days  after  her  brother  Hughes,  who  was  born  June  29,  1878 
Mrs.  Lantz  was  a  devoted  member  of  the  Baptist  Church,  She  de- 
parted this  life  August  19,  1888,  she  and  her  babe  were  buried  in 
the  same  cofiin.  Mr.  Lantz  is  a  Democrat  in  politics,  has  served  as 
justice  of  the  peace  in  Greene  Township,  and  is  now  postmaster  at 
Willow  Tree,  Penn. 

P.  A.  MYERS,  hotel  keeper,  Whiteley,  Penn.,  is  a  descendant 
of  Rev,  John  Corbly,  one  of  the  ]noneer  settlers  of  Greene  County, 
He  was  born  near  Garard's  Fort,  Penn.,  April  2,  1836.  His  parents 
are  Alfred  and  Jane  J,  (Evans)  Mj^ers,  who  were  of  German  and 
Welsh  origin.  Mr.  Meyers  is  the  oldest  in  a  family  of  six  children, 
was  reared  on  a  farm,  received  a  common  school  education,  and  has 
been  a  successful  business  man.  His  boyhood  days  were  spent  with 
his  uncle,  an  extensive  cattle-dealer.  When  but  fourteen  years  of 
age  would  help  his  uncle  drive  large  droves  of  cattle,  and  conduct 
them  overland  to  the  Philadelphia  markets,  making  as  many  as  two 
or  three  trips  a  year.  The  greater  part  of  his  later  years  has  been 
devoted  to  farming.  AVhile  a  young  man  he  taught  school  for  sev- 
eral terms,  and  has  <ever  manifested  an  active  interest  in  educational 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  731 

affairs.  In  politics  lie  is  a  Republican.  lie  lias  held  various  town- 
ship offices — among  others  school  director  and  justice  of  the  peace. 
On  IS^overaber  1,  1857,  Mr.  Myers  married  Miss  Louisa  M.,  daughter 
of  David  and  Mary  Roberts,  who  were  of  Welsh  and  English  descent. 
Iler  father,  who  was  a  farmer  of  Dunkard  Township,  died  in  1885, 
at  the  advanced  age  of  eighty-five  years.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Myers  have 
two  children  and  four  grandchildren.  Their  children  are — Buena  V., 
wife  of  W.  H.  Bark,  Esq.,  of  Waynesburg,  Penn.;  and  Pleasant  J., 
wife  of  M.  E.  Garard,  of  Greene  Township.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Myers 
are  prominent  members  of  the  Baptist  Church. 

JACOB  REAMER,  retired  farmer  and  stock-grower,  of  Greene 
Township,  was  born  in  Monongahela  Township,  this  county,  January 
16,  1814.  He  is  a  son  of  Jacob  and  Margaret  (Black)  Reamer,  who 
were  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  and  of  German  origin.  His  father, 
who  was  a  farmer  and  distiller,  spent  most  of  his  life  in  Greene 
County,  and  died  in  1852.  His  family  consisted  of  five  children, 
of  whom  Jacob  is  the  third.  lie  was  reared  on  the  home  farm,  and 
received  his  education  in  the  district  schools.  He  has  met  with 
average  success  in  his  chosen  occupation,  and  at  present  is  the  owner 
of  a  well  improved  farm  of  ninety-four  acres,  near  Garard's  Fort, 
this  county.  Mr.  Reamer  was  united  in  marriage,  in  1840,  with  Miss 
Louisa,  daughter  of  John  and  Ortha  Myers.  They  were  Quakers 
and  of  English  descent.  Mr.  Reamer  is  a  Democrat  in  politics.  He 
manifests  great  interest  in  educational  matters,  and  has  served  as 
school  director  in  his  township.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Reamer  are  leading 
members  in  the  Goshen  Baptist  Church. 

J.  B.  ROBERTS,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  Whiteley,  Penn., 
was  born  in  Greene  Township,  this  county,  March  18,  1832.  His 
parents,  Joseph  and  Jane  (Johnson)  Roberts,  were  natives  of 
Greene  County,  and  of  Welsh  descent.  His  father,  who  was  a  farmer 
by  occupation,  reared  a  family  of  eleven  children,  of  whom  J.  B.  is 
the  ninth.  He  was  reared  on  the  farm  and  attended  the  subscription 
schools.  He  chose  farming  and  stock-growing  as  his  occupation, 
and  has  met  with  average  success,  owning  at  present  a  good  farm  of 
150  acres.  Mr.  Roberts  was  united  in  marriage,  December  31,  1879, 
with  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  James  and  Elizabeth  (Clark)  Hender- 
son. Mrs.  Roberts  is  a  faithful  member  of  the  IVIethodist  Episcopal 
Church.  Her  parents  were  natives  of  Greene  County,  and  of  Eng- 
lish descent.  At  the  time  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Roberts  were  married,  she 
was  the  widow  of  Henry  Lantz.  Mr.  Roberts  is  an  enthusiastic 
Democrat,  and  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 

T.  H.  SEDGEWICK,  M.  D.,  of  Whiteley,  Greene  County, 
Penn.,  was  born  at  Rice's  Landing,  Penn.,  April  20, 1852,  and  is 
the  son  of  Hon.  Joseph  and  Elizal)eth  (Hawthorne)  Sedgewick,  who 
were  of  Eno-lish  and  Irish  descent.     His  mother  was  born  in  AVash- 


732  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

iiigtoii  County.  His  father,  wlio  was  a  natives  of  Virginia,  served 
two  terms  as  a  member  of  the  Legislature  from  Greene  County.  He 
was  a  commission  merchant  by  occupation,  in  which  business  he  en- 
gaged for  many  years  at  Rice's  Landing,  Penn.,  having  first  come 
to  this  county  when  seventeen  years  of  age.  He  died  in  1882.  He 
was  twice  married  and  was  the  fatlier  of  eight  children.  Dr.  Sedge- 
wick  is  the  second  child  by  the  last  marriage,  and  Avas  reared  at 
Rice's  Landing,  where  he  received  bis  early  education.  He  sub- 
sequently attended  Monongahela  College  until  he  began  the  study  ot 
medicine  in  the  office  of  Dr.  T.  H.  Sharpnack,  of  Jefferson  Borough. 
He  then  took  a  regular  course  in  the  Jefferson  Medical  College  at 
Philadelphia,  where  he  graduated  in  1877.  He  entered  the  practice 
of  medicine  the  same  year  in  Greene  County,  and  has  since  devoted 
all  his  time  to  his  profession.  In  1880  he  settled  in  Whiteley,  where 
his  professional  skill  and  remarkable  energy  soon  won  for  him  a 
good  practice.  That  he  might  be  better  prepared  for  the  practice  of 
his  profession,  the  Doctor  took  a  post  graduate  course  at  New  York 
City  in  1888.  He  is  a  man  of  large  stature  and  marked  physical 
abilities  which,  coupled  with  his  great  industry  and  determination, 
eminently  qualify  him  for  the  duties  he  has  assumed.  He  was  mar- 
ried at  Rice's  Landing,  December  25, 1873,  to  Miss  Lucinda,  daughter 
of  John  Dowlin,  a  wealthy  farmer  of  this  county.  They  have  two 
children — Joseph  and  John.  The  Doctor  is  a  Democrat,  and  he  and 
Mrs.  Sedgewick  are  prominent  members  of  the  Baptist  Church. 

BENJAMIN  SOUTH,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  P.  O.  Willow 
Tree  was  born  in  Greene  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  January 
16,  1819.  He  is  a  son  of  Enoch  and  Ruth  (Gregg)  South,  who  were 
of  English  descent.  His  mother  was  a  native  of  Delaware.  His 
father,  who  was  a  native  of  New  Jersey,  came  to  Greene  County,  Penn., 
in  1794,  where  he  died  in  1863.  His  family  consisted  of  eleven 
children, — nine  girls  and  two  boys,  of  whom  Benjamin  was  the  sixth. 
He  was  reared  in  Dunkard  Township,  receiving  his  education  in  the 
subscription  schools.  Mr.  South  was  a  stone-mason  early  in  life,  and 
also  worked  for  some  time  at  the  blacksmith's  trade.  In  later  years 
he  has  given  his  attention  to  farming,  and  by  means  of  his  untiring 
zeal  and  industry,  is  now  the  owner  of  315  acres  of  well  improved 
land.  In  1842  Mr.  South  married  Matilda  Gapen,  who  is  of  Eng- 
lish descent,  and  a  daughter  of  Stephen  and  Rebecca  (Snyder)  Gapen. 
Their  union  has  been  blessed  with  seven  children,  four  sons  and  three 
daughters — Maria,  wife  of  D.  Sikes;  Melinda,  widow  of  E.  Alex- 
ander; Enoch  C,  a  farmer;  Stephen,  a  carpenter;  Olive;  Ortha,  wife 
of  Noah  Minor;  and  Otho  M.,  a  school  teacher.  In  politics  Mr. 
south  is  a  Democrat.  He  takes  an  active  interest  in  educational 
affairs,  and  has  served  as  school  director  for  a  number  of  years. 


iriSTOIlY    OF   GREENE    COUNTY.  733 

JOSEPH  VANCE,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born  in 
Greene  County,  Penn.,  January,  28,  1838,  and  is  a  son  of  Joseph  and 
Margeret  (Divens)  Vance.  His  parents  were  natives  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  of  Irish  and  German  origin.  His  father  was  born  in 
Greene  Township,  in  1795,  and  lived  to  the  advanced  age  of  seventy- 
eight  years.  He  was  a  farmer,  stock-grower  and  stone-mason.  His 
family  consisted  of  ten  children,  of  whom  Joseph  is  the  youngest. 
He  has  been  reared  in  this  township,  where  he  received  a  common 
school  education.  Having  chosen  farming  as  his  occupation,  he  has 
given  it  all  his  care  and  attention,  and  is  the  owner  of  a  nice  farm  of 
eighty  acres  where  he  resides  near  Willow  Tree,  this  county. 
The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  married  in  this  township,  in  1881,  to 
Miss  Martha  Ann,  daughter  of  Coverdel  Cole,  of  Virginia.  Mr. 
Vance  is  a  Democrat  in  politics,  and  a  highly  respected  citizen. 


JEFFERSON    TOWNSHIP  AND    JEFFER- 
SON BOROUGH. 

A.  F.  AMMONS,  Khedive,  Penn.,  one  of  the  substantial  farmers 
of  Jefferson  Township,  was  born  in  Perry  Township,  Greene  County, 
April  20,  1824.  He  is  a  son  of  Abraham  and  Mary  (Frost)  Ammons. 
His  mother  was  a  native  of  Fayette  County,  Penn.,  and  his  father  of 
Greene  'County,  where  they  were  married  and  spent  the  greater  part 
of  their  lives,  moving  to  West  Virginia  a  few  years  before  tlieir 
death.  Mr.  Abraham  Amnions  died  in  1833;  his  widow  was  after- 
wards united  in  marriage  with  Jerry  Wright,  now  deceased.  In 
1847,  January  21,  A.  F.  Ammons  married  Rebecca  Wade,  who  was 
born  in  West  Virginia,  January  15,  1828.  She  is  a  daughter  of 
Sylva  and  Catharine  (Dusonberry)  Wade,  and  is  a  consistent  member 
of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church.  Her  parents  were  also 
natives  of  West  Virginia,  where  they  were  married  and  remained 
until  Mr.  Wade's  death,  March  31,  1850;  his  widow  is  still  living. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ammons  have  nine  children,  six  living — Mary,  wife 
of  Benjamin  Fox;  Perry,  Douglas,  Forney,  Frank  and  Nettie;  the 
deceased  are — Jasper,  William  and  Louvernia.  Mr.  Ammons  was 
raised  on  a  farm  and  worked  by  the  month  until  nineteen  years  of 
age;  then  learned  the  carpenter  trade  which  he  followed  for  sixteen 
years.  He  afterwards  engaged  in  farming  and  stock-dealing  and, 
by  great  industry  and  good  management,  has  secured  a  nice  home  for 


734  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

hiinsclf  and  family  and  a  line  farm  of  315  acres  of  improved  land  in 
Greene  County.  He  filled  the  ofiice  of  justice  of  the  peace  in  Perry 
Township  five  years,  served  as  school  director  eight  years,  and  was 
assessor  one  year.  Since  moving  to  Jefferson  Township,  he  has  filled 
the  office  of  justice  of  the  peace  for  twelve  years,  and  has  voted  the 
Democratic  ticket  all  the  time  and  still  is  for  Cleveland,  Thurman 
and  the  Mills  bill. 

N.  M.  BANE,  retired  farmer,  P.  O.  Jefferson,  was  born  in  Wash- 
ington County,  Penn.,  February  27,  1818,  a  son  of  Abraham  and 
Elizabeth  (Venom)  Bane,  who  were  natives  of  Washington  County, 
where  they  were  married,  settled  and  remained  all  their  lives.  Their 
son,  N.  M.,"is  the  only  one  of  their  nine  children  now  living.  He 
was  united  in  marriage,  JS^ovember  21,  1844,  with  Mary  McClen- 
athan,  who  was  born  in  Washington  County,  Penn.,  October  22,  1822, 
a  daughter  of  William  and  Mary  (Coulson)  McClenathan.  Her  parents 
were  also  natives  of  Washington  County,  where  they  were  married 
and  remained  through  life.  They  were  the  parents  of  eleven  children, 
five  living.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bane's  familj^  consists  of  five  children, 
two  of  wdiom  are  living — Jennie,  wife  of  David  Crayne,  and  John 
L.,  who  married  Mary  E.  Neal.  The  deceased  are — Eveline,  Thomas 
S.  and  James  M.  Mr.  Bane  owns  150  acres  of  land  in  Washington 
County,  Penn.,  also  some  land  and  property  in  Greene  County.  He 
and  wife  are  faithful  members  of  the  Baptist  Church. 

SAMUEL  BAYARD,  farmer,  P.  O.  Pace's  Landing,  was  born 
in  Centre  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  January  4,  1819,  a  son 
of  William  and  JN^ancy  Bayard  {^nee  Scott).  The  former  was  born  in 
Washington  County  and  the  latter  in  Greene  County,  Penn.,  where 
they  were  married,  settling  in  Centre  Township,  where  they  remained 
until  1826;  they  then  moved  to  Whiteley  Township,  where  Mrs. 
Bayard  died  in  1840.  Her  husband  died  in  Jefferson  Township  in 
18G0.  They  were  the  parents  of  three  children— John  S.,  Thomas 
W.,  and  Samuel.  JNIarch  3,  1839,  Samuel  Bayard  married  Miss 
Lucinda  Randolph,  born  in  Jefierson  Township  in  1818,  a  daughter 
of  Jonah  F.  and  Leah  Randolph  [nee  Leonard).  B_y  this  marriage 
Mr.  Bayard  is  the  father  of  two  children — J.  Randolph,  who  married 
Martha  E.  Oliver,  they  are  the  parents  of  two  living  children,  Frank 
and  Lon  L. ;  Nancy,  who  is  the  M'ife  of  Capt.  J.  R.  Hewitt,  their 
children  are  Anna,  who  married  E.  H.  Shipley,  and  William  B. 
Mrs.  Bayard  departed  this  life  July  3,  1845.  August  18,  1846, 
Mr,  Bayard  was  again  united  in  marriage,  with  Rebecca  A.  Randolph, 
who  was  born  in  Jefierson  Township,  February  24,  1820,  a  daughter 
of  Jacob  and  Ruth  (Bailey)  Randolph,  and  a  faithful  member  of  the 
Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church.  Her  father  -was  a  native  of  New 
Jersey  and  her  mother  of  Pennsylvania;  both  are  now  deceased.  By 
his  second  marriage  Mr.  Bayard  is  the  father  of  three  children — 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  735 

William  J.,  wlio  married  Mary  Temple  and  is  tlie  father  of  J.  Temple 
Bayard;  Lucy  il.  and  Jolm  A.,  who  married  Permelia  Lucas  and  is 
now  the  father  of  two  children — Lettie  and  Samuel.  Mr.  Bayard  is 
one  of  the  most  highly  respected  farmers  in  his  neighborhood,  and 
owns  200  acres  of  land  where  he  and  family  reside. 

J.  C.  BUlvSON,  farmer,  Clarksville,  Penn.,  was  born  September 
27,  1825,  in  the  house  now  occupied  by  himself  and  family.  His 
father,  Abraham  Burson,  was  born  on  the  farm  wliich  J.  C  now  owns 
in  Jeiferson  Township.  His  mother  was  born  in  Washington  County, 
Penn.  After  marriage  they  settled  in  Greene  County,  and  remained 
until  their  death ;  Mrs.  Burson  died  in  1839,  July  17.  Her  husband 
afterwards  married  Hannah  Crawford,  now  deceased;  and  he  died  in 
1886.  By  the  lirst  marriage  there  are  four  children,  three  of  whom 
are  living.  Mr.  J.  C.  Burson  was  united  in  marriage,  December  30, 
1849,  with  Pebecca  Reynolds,  who  was  born  in  Jetlerson  Township, 
December  24,  1827.  Her  parents,  John  and  Jane  (Kincaid)  Pey- 
nolds,  were  natives  of  Greece  County,  where  they  resided  till  death: 
Mrs.  Reynolds  died  October  12,  1839.  Mr.  Reynolds  afterwards 
married  Priscilla  Gwynn  {nee  Long),  deceased.  He  departed  this 
life  February  20,  1882.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Burson  have  been  born 
six  children,  five  living — John  R.,  who  married  Emily  Leslie;  David 
M.,  who  married  Emma  Moredock;  Abraham,  who  married  Marga- 
ret Greenlee;  Alexander  P.  and  James  O.;  Abraham  being  de- 
ceased. Mr.  Burson  was  raised  on  his  present  farm  formerly  owned 
by  his  father  and  grandfather;  it  consists  of  200  acres.  Mr.  Burson 
has  tilled  the  offices  of  school  director  and  overseer  of  the  poor,  and 
has  been  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity  for  about  thirty-seven 
years. 

WILLIAM  COTTERREL,  saddler  and  harness-maker,  was  born 
in  New  Jersey  in  1772;  he  married  Isabela  Livingston,  also  a  native 
of  New  Jersey.  They  settled  in  Jefferson,  Greene  County,  Penn., 
about  1790,  and  lived  there  until  the  year  1824,  when  they  moved 
to  Waynesburg;  he  there  followed  his  trade  until  his  death  in  1836. 
His  wife  died  in  1826.  They  raised  four  ohildern^ — John,  William, 
Isabela  and  Martha.  Isabela  died  in  1844.  Martha  married  Clark 
Ely,  and  died  young;  left  one  daughter,  Isabel,  who  married  David 
Babbit,  and  died  without  issue;  William  married  Frances  Minor, 
who  died  and  left  one  daughter,  Elizabeth,  who  married  David  Tay- 
lor. She  died  and  left  one  daughter,  Lee  Taylor.  William  married 
for  his  second  wife  Mrs.  Sarah  Bane  (formerly  Sellers).  He  followed 
the  tanning  business  for  a  number  of  years  in  Waynesburg,  and  died 
January,  1886,  aged  seventy-four  years.  His  widow  still  survives  at 
an  advanced  age.  John  Cotterrel,  Sr.,  was  born  in  Jefferson,  Greene 
County,  September  25,  1802.  At  the  age  of  tifteen  years  he  went 
to  Uniontown,  Penn.,  and  learned  the  tanning  trade  with  John  Mil- 


736  HISTORY    Ot'    GREENE    COUNTY. 

ler.  He  came  back  home  and  worked  for  his  father  until  1824,  when 
he  started  business  for  himself.  In  1828  he  married  Permelia, 
daughter  of  John  and  Mary  Milliken  (natives  of  Ireland).  They 
raised  nine  children — Isabela,  John,  Mary  A.,  Permelia,  William, 
Jonas,  Elizabeth,  Martha  A.  and  George.  Isabela  married  William 
Anderson,  of  Pittsburgh.  She  died  and  left  one  daughter,  Laura 
Bell.  Mary  A.  married  Dr.  James  W.  Ilancher,  of  Ohio — are 
both  dead.  Tiiey  raised  seven  children.  Permelia  is  dead.  William 
married  OliiijaJijQxden,  of  AVashington,  Penn.  Jonas  married  Anna 
Short,  of  Claysville,  Penn.  Elizabeth  married  Joseph  A.  Bell. 
Martha  A,  married  Jacob  Haver.  George  now  lives  in  HiaM-atha, 
Brown  County,  Kansas.  John  Cotterrel,  Jr.,  was  born  in  Jefferson, 
Penn.,  November  29,  1832.  He  learned  the  tanning  trade  with  his 
father,  and  married  Priscilla  Swan,  daughter  of  Samuel  and  Priscilla 
(Crago)  Swan ;  she  died  June  10,  1861,  and  left  two  daughters — 
Elmyra  P.  and  Margaret  A.  Elmyra  P.  now  resides  in  Iowa.  Mar- 
garet A.  married  T.  Reed  McMinn.  She  died  June  11,  1885;  left 
one  son,  Robert  C.  John  Cotterrel's  present  wife  is  Mary  II., 
daughter  of  William  and  Harriet  (Randolph)  Davis,  and  they  have 
a  family  of  three  children — John  F.,  William  D.  and  Joseph  R. 
In  politics  Mr.  Cotterrel  is  a  Republican,  and  takes  an  active  interest 
in  farming,  wool-growing  and  stock-raising  and  now  owns  a  farm  of 
175  acres  one  mile  southeast  of  Jefferson,  Penn. 

HUGH  D.  CREE,  j^lasterer  and  contractor,  was  born  in  Greene 
County,  September  11,  1810.  He  is  a  son  of  William  and  Ann 
(DeFrance)  Cree,  who  were  natives  of  Jefferson  Township,  and  of 
French  and  Irish  origin.  Our  subject's  father,  William  Cree,  was 
born  in  Greene  County,  May  18,  179(3.  By  occupation  he  was  a 
farmer,  and  in  religion  a  Presbyterian,  in  which  church  he  was  an 
elder.  Mr.  Creeps  father  was  a  farmer,  who  died  November  5,  1871. 
His  family  consisted  of  twelve  children — eight  sons  and  four  daugh- 
ters. Their  mother  w^as  born  in  Greene  County  in  1802,  and  died  in 
1875.  Hugh  grew  up  on  the  farm  with  his  parents,  attended  the 
district  school,  and  chose  farming  as  his  business;  but  subsequently 
learned  his  present  trade,  wdiich  he  has  pursued  with  more  than  or- 
dinary success.  He  was  married  April  26,  1862,  to  Mary  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  Isaiah  and  Nancy  M.  (Guseman)  Dean,  who  were  of 
Dutch  descent.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cree  have  one  child,  a  daughter — 
Elizabeth  Ann,  now  wife  of  George  B.  Waychoff.  Mr.  Cree  and 
wife  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  In  politics 
he  is  a  Republican.  In  1861  he  enlisted  as  a  member  of  Company 
F,  First  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  and  Avas  discharged  the  same  year  for 
disability.  His  five  brothers  were  all  soldiers  in  the  Union  army, 
three  of  them  beinir  in  from  the  beo-inninir  till  its  close. 


HISTORY    OF    GREEifE    COUNTY.  737 

JESSE  DOWLIN,  farmer,  P.  O.  Khedive,  was  born  in  Cumber- 
land Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  March  21,  1830.  He  is  a  son 
of  John  and  Elizabeth  (Gwynn)  Dowlin,  natives  of  Pennsylvania. 
They  were  married  in  Greene  County  and  made  it  their  home  until 
their  death.  He  departed  this  life  JSovember  26,  1874,  and  she  Sep- 
tember 30,  1878.  Eight  of  their  nine  children  are  now  living. 
Jesse  Dowlin  was  united  in  marriage,  Eebruary  22,  1855,  with  Eliza 
A.  Huston,  born  in  Fayette  County,  Pennsylvania.  Her  parents 
were  John  and  Hannah  (Sproat)  Huston,  both  of  whom  died  in 
Greene  County — her  father,  March  5,  1885,  and  her  mother  in  1886. 
Jn  the  earlier  part  of  his  life  Mr.  Dowlin  taught  school  through  the 
winter  and  worked  on  the  farm  in  the  summer.  He  has  since  devoted 
all  his  time  to  farming  and,  as  a  result  of  his  faithful  labors,  now 
owns  a  iine  farm  of  117  acres  on  which  are  good  buildings.  He  has 
served  as  school  director  of  his  township. 

WILLIAM  GOODWIN,  farmer,  P.  O.  Jefferson,  was  born  in 
Washington  County,  Penn.,  June  16,  1822.  He  is  a  son  of  John  and 
Sallie  (Gardner)  Goodwin,  the  former  born  in  York  County,  Penn., 
and  the  latter  in  Washington  County,  where  they  were  married  and 
remained  until  1830,  at  which  time  they  moved  to  Center  Township, 
Greene  County,  and  lived  there  till  Mrs.  Goodwin's  death  in  1843. 
Mr.  Goodwin  afterwards  married  Mary  Dalripple  (iiee  Bell),  now  de- 
ceased. He  died  in  1859.  William  was  united  in  marriage,  Febru- 
ary 26,  1847,  with  Nancy  Wilson,  born  in  Ireland  March  7,  1827. 
Her  parents,  James  and  Martha  (Craigmills)  Wilson,  were  both  born 
in  Ireland,  where  they  were  married  and  emigrated  to  America  in 
1827,  living  first  in  Washington  County,  and  then  in  Westmoreland 
Count}',  where  she  died  in  1830.  Mr.  Wilson  then  married  Cath- 
arine McKee,  now  deceased;  he  died  in  1878.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Good- 
win are  the  parents  of  ten  children,  eight  of  whom  are  living — Sarah 
E.,  John  T.,  Mary,  wife  of  R.  H,  Armstrong;  Rachel,  wife  of  W.  S. 
Scott;  Margaret  J.,  Nancy  A.  B.,  William  W.  and  Jessie  M.  The 
deceased  are:  Martha  J.  and  an  infant.  Mr.  Goodwin  was  reared  on 
a  farm,  and  is  now  regarded  as  one  of  the  most  substantial  farmers 
in  his  township.  He  owns  350  acres  of  land  in  Greene  County. 
He  and  wife  are  consistent  and  earnest  Christians. 

MARSHALL  GWYNN,  farmer,  Khedive,  Penn.,  a  descendant 
of  one  of  the  pioneer  families  of  Greene  County,  Penn,,  was  born  in 
Jefferson  Township,  March  9,  1826.  His  parents,  James  and  Hester 
(Cree)  Gwynn,  were  natives  of  Greene  County  and  residents  therein 
through  life.  They  were  the  parents  of  five  children,  two  of  whom 
are  living,  viz:  Joseph  and  Marshall.  In  1861,  November  29,  Mar- 
shall married  Kate  Hill,  born  in  Greene  County  September  3,  1835, 
daughter  of  Thomas  and  Nancy  Hill  [nee  Roseberry),  wlio  were  na- 
tives of  Greene  County,  where  they  remained   through  life.     Mr. 


738  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

Hill  died  in  1876  and  Mrs.  Hill  in  1880.  Thej  were  the  parents  of 
eleven  children,  ten  now  living.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Gwynn  have  seven 
children — Frank,  Frances,  Thomas,  Jesse,  Ida,  Remeinl)rance  and 
Albert.  Mr.  Gwynn  is  a  farmer  and  owns  eighty-eight  acres  of  land 
where  he  and  family  reside.  He  is  a  faithfnl  member  of  the 
Cnraberland  Presbyterian  Church. 

JOHN  HAVER,  P.  O.  Jefferson,  is  one  of  the  pioneers  of  the 
township,  where  he  was  born  October  12,  1802.  He  is  the  son  of 
George  and  Priscilla  Haver  (nee  Villars) ;  the  former  was  born  in  New 
Jersey  and  the  latter  in  Pennsylvania,  where  they  were  married  in 
Greene  County  and  remained  all  their  lives.  They  were  the  parents 
often  children,  of  whom  four  are  living.  John  is  the  oldest  and  was 
united  in  marriage  March  8,  1832,  with  Jane  Rex,  born  in  Jefferson 
Township  March  25,  1815,  a  daughter  of  George  and  Jane  (Black) 
Rex,  deceased.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Haver  are  the  parents  of  eleven  chil- 
dren, of  these  seven  are  living — George  R.,  Priscilla,  Mary  E.,  Hiram, 
Jacob,  Charles  and  James.  The  deceased  are  Sarah,  John,  Mar- 
garet and  Emma.  Their  mother  departed  this  life  January  9,  1879. 
Mr.  Haver  is  one  of  the  retired  farmers  of  Jefferson  Township,  and 
owns  one  hundred  and  fifty  acres  of  land  where  he  and  liis  family 
reside.  He  has  held  a  majority  of  the  offices  in  his  township.  He 
belongs  to  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church,  of  which  hiy  de- 
ceased wife  was  also  a  member. 

JACOB  HAVER,  farmer,  P.  O.  Jefferson,  son  of  John  and  Jane 
(Rex)  Haver,  was  born  in  Jefferson  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn., 
September  13,  1846.  His  father  is  living,  and  his  mother  deceased. 
His  wife  was  Miss  Nettie  Cotterel,  also  born  in  Jefferson  Township, 
January  17,  1847,  a  daughter  of  John  and  Permelia  Cotterel  (iiee 
Milliken),  deceased.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jacol)  Haver  were  married  January 
30,  1871,  and  are  the  parents  of  six  children,  of  whom  five  are  living — 
John  C,  Jane  R.,  Laura  B.,  Joseph  B.  and  Lizzie;  William  being  de- 
ceased. Mr.  Haver  M^as  raised  on  a  farm  and  has  made  farming  and 
stock-dealing  his  business  through  life.  He  owns  a  good  farm  in 
Jefferson  Townsliip,  containing  about  two  hundred  acres,  on  which 
are  good,  substantial  buildings. 

CHARLES  H.  HAVER,  farmer  and  stock-dealer,  P.  O.  Jefferson, 
who  was  born  in  Jefferson  Township  January  22,  1820,  is  a  son  of 
John  and  Jane  Haver  (^)iee  Rex).  The  former  is  living  and  the  latter 
deceased.  Mr.  Haver  was  united  in  marriage  January  22,  1880,  with 
Isabella  McClure,  who  was  born  in  Dunkard  Township,  Greene 
County,  Pein).,  in  September  1859,  a  daughter  of  James  and  Susan 
(Brown)  McClure.  Mr.  McClure  departed  this  life  August  8,  1886; 
his  widow  is  still  living.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Haver  are  the  parents  of  two 
children — elames  C,  born  September  28,  1881,  and  Owen  W.,  horn 
March  27,  1884.     Mr.  Haver  was    reared  on  a  farm    and  has  been 


HISTORY    OF    GKEENE    COUNTY.  739 

engaged  in  fanning  and  stock-dealing  all  liis  life,     lie  owns  vaiiiablc 
property  in  the  borough  of  Jefferson. 

ISAAC  HAYS,  farmer,  Millsboro,  Penn.,  is  one  of  the  pioneer 
farnaers  of  Greene  Connty,  and  was  born  in  Morgan  Township  May 
10,  ISIG,  a  son  of  David  and  Mary  Hays,  (tiee  Kush).  His  father 
was  a  native  of  Maryland  and  his  mother  of  Greene  County,  renii., 
where  they  were  married  and  remained  all  their  lives.  David  Hays 
died  in  1827  and  his  widow  in  1870.  They  were  the  parents  of  four 
children,  only  two  of  whom  are  now  living — Jane,  and  Isaac,  the  sub- 
ject of  our  sketch.  His  wife  was  Margaret  A.  Walton,  who  was  born 
in  Washington  County,  Penn.,  in  1823,  a  daughter  of  John  and  Sarah 
(Paul)  Walton,  deceased.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hays  were  married  Septem- 
ber 22,  1838,  and  had  a  family  of  ten  children,  four  living — Sarah 
A.,  wife  of  Wesley  Ilinehart;  Mary  M.,  widow  of  LafayetteVernon ; 
Margaret  J.,  wife  of  George  Iv.  Paker,  and  Emeline  E.  Of  the  de- 
ceased Henry  C.  was  born  September  27,  1844,  and  died  January  11, 
1882,  and  John  W,,  born  ^'ovember  1847,  and  died  May  25,  18G2. 
Mr.  Hays  owns  a  fine  farm  of  one  hundred  and  tifty-iive  acres  on 
which  he  and  family  now  reside.  Mrs.  Hays  departed  this  life  Feb- 
ruary 13, 1872.  She  was  a  kind  and  affectionate  mother,  and  a  loving, 
faithful  wife. 

CHAPLES  HUGHES,  retired  farmer,  P.  O.  Jefferson,  is  a  de- 
scendant of  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  Greene  County,  Penn.  He  was 
born  August  22,  1816,  a  son  of  John  and  Mary  (Ilex)  Hughes.  His 
mother  was  a  native  of  Lancaster  County,  and  liis  father  of  Greene 
County,  where  they  were  married  in  Jefferson  Township  in  1794, 
lived  there  seven  years,  then  moved  to  Morgan  Township  and  spent 
the  remainder  of  their  days.  Mr.  John  Hughes  died  in  1844,  and 
his  wife  in  1849.  They  were  the  parents  of  twelve  children,  only 
two  of  whom  are  living — Maria,  the  widow  of  Joseph  McNealy, 
and  Charles.  He  was  united  in  marriage  September  21,  1843,  with 
Catharine  McEowen,  a  native  of  JNew  Jersey,  and  daughter  of  George 
and  Permelia  (Coleman)  McEowen,  deceased.  By  this  marriage 
Mr.  Hughes  is  the  father  of  five  children,  four  living — John  S., 
Mary  E.,  wife  of  Hamilton  Higgle,  of  Iowa;  Permelia,  wife  of  D.  A. 
Pumgarner  and  Maria  C,  wife  of  P.  F.  Kendall.  Amy  is  deceased. 
Mrs.  Catharine  Hughs  departed  this  life  June  13,  1856;  and  two 
years  later,  May  26,  1858,  Mr.  Hughes  married  Elizabeth  Hill, 
who  was  born  in  Greene  County  July  14,  1829,  a  daughter  of 
Samuel  and  Hannah  Hill,  both  deceased.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Charles 
Hughes  are  the  parents  of  two  children — Maggie  and  Anna  M. 
Mrs.  Elizabeth  Hughes  died  November  27,  1887,  a  faithful  mem- 
ber of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church,  of  which  Mr.  Hughes' 
former  wife  was  also  a  consistent  member.  Like  his  ancestors, 
Mr.  Ilup-hes  made  farming;  his  business  through  life,  and  owns  116 

40 


740  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

acres  of  land — his  home  farm.  He  filled  the  office  of  assistant 
assessor  under  appointment  by  the  Government. 

JOHN  H.  HUGHES,  merchant,  Jefterson,  Penn.,  is  a  descendant 
of  the  early  settlers  of  Greene  County,  and  of  Irish  and  English  de- 
scent. His  great-grandfather,  Thomas  Hughes,  laid  out  the  borough 
of  Jefferson.  His  grandfather,  John  IHighes,  was  born  in  Jefterson, 
where  our  subject's  great-grandfather  settled  in  1776;  Barnett 
Hughes  was  born  in  1819,  and  died  in  1882.  Two  of  his  children 
are  now  living — George,  a  farmer;  and. John  H.,  who  was  reared  in 
Jefferson,  attended  the  schools  of  Greene  County,  and  early  in  life 
went  into  the  dry  goods  business  as  salesman.  In  this  capacity  he 
worked  for  some  years  at  Danville,  Illinois,  returning  to  Jefferson 
in  1871,  when  he  established  a  general  store,  in  which  he  has  met 
with  deserving  success.  Mr.  John  Hughes'  wife  was  JVIary,  daughter 
of  David  and  Lettie  Bell.  Their  family  consists  of  one  son  and  one 
daughter — Barnett  and  Lettie,  both  now  deceased.  Mr.  Hughes  has 
served  as  a  member  of  the  town  council  of  Jefferson  Borough.  In 
politics  he  is  a  Republican;  his  wife  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist 
Church. 

ROBEBT  H.  JORDAN,  farmer,  born  in  Washington  Township, 
Greene  County,  Penn,,  is  a  son  of  Silas  and  Sarah  (McCormick) 
Jordan.  His  parents  were  natives  of  Greene  County,  Penn.,  and  of 
Irish  and  English  lineage.  His  grandfather,  John  Jordan,  was  a 
pioneer  mill-wright  of  this  county.  His  father  was  also  a  mill- 
wright and  carpenter.  His  family  consisted  of  eight  children, 
of  whom  Robert  H.  was  the  second.  Robert  was  reared  in  Jef- 
ferson and  received  a  common  school  education.  Early  in  life  he 
learned  the  carpenter  trade,  which  occupation  he  followed  for  many 
years.  He  was  twice  married,  his  first  wife  being  Harriet,  daughter 
of  John  Daniels;  she  was  a  native  of  Ohio.  By  this  union  tliere  were 
three  children,  all  of  whom  died  young.  Mrs.  Jordan  died  in  1873. 
Mr.  Jordan  was  afterwards  united  in  marriage,  in  1874,  with  the 
widow  of  Gideon  John,  of  Waynesburg,  Penn.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  John's 
children  were  F.  J.  John,  druggist;  R.  S.,  a  jeweler  at  Waynesburg; 
and  Harry  J.  at  home  in  school.  Their  father  was  born  in  Wash- 
ington County,  Penn.,  and  was  of  English  descent;  he  died  in  1870. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jordan  have  one  child,  James  Leroy.  Mr.  Jordan  is 
the  owner  of  a  farm  of  sixty-eight  acres.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
town  council  and  president  of  the  school  board  of  Jefferson  Borough, 
also  was  at  one  time  a  member  of  the  executive  committee  of  the 
Mouongahela  College.  He  is  an  upright  temperance  man  and  one 
of  the  leading  members  in  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

JOHN  C.  KENDALL,  furniture  dealer,  Jefferson,  Penn.,  was 
born  in  Smithfield,  Fayette  County,  Penn.,  April  20,  1840.  His 
parents  were   Samuel  and  Pauline  (Custeadj  Kendall,  who   were  of 


IIISTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  741 

German  and  English  origin.  His  futlier  was  a  Baptist  minister;  hv 
died  in  1872.  Ilis  family  consisted  of  twelve  children,  eleven  ui 
whom — -nine  sons  and  two  daughters — attained  the  age  of  maturity, 
John  is  the  oldest  son,  and  was  reared  in  Fayette  County  nntil  ten 
years  of  age,  when  he  came  with  his  parents  to  Greene  County,  lie 
went  to  school  in  Fayette  County  and  at  Waynesbnrg College;  after- 
wards retnrning  to  Fayette  County,  where  he  learned  the  wag\)n- 
maker's  trade,  and  followed  it  as  a  business  for  nine  years.  He 
taught  school  lifteen  years,  hve  years  of  that  time  in  Illinois.  Jn 
1861  he  married  Catharine,  daughter  of  John  and  Elizabeth  Grimm, 
and  by  this  marriage  is  the  father  of  two  children — Eva  and  John. 
The  latter  is  a  graduate  of  the  Commercial  College,  of  Springiield, 
111.  Mrs.  Kendall  died  in  1860.  In  1876  he  w^as  next  united  in 
marriage  with  Hannah  Jl,  daughter  of  John  and  Maria  (Loughman) 
Ross.  At  the  time  of  her  marriage  Mrs.  Kendall  was  the  widow  of 
the  late  Thomas  Johns,  and  the  mother  of  one  child,  Albert  Leslie. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kendall  have  two  children — Paul  and  Samuel.  Mr. 
Kendall  takes  quite  an  active  interest  in  educational  matters,  and  is 
a  member  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  Monongahela  College.  They 
are  both  members  of  the  Baptist  Church,  in  which  Mr.  Kendall  is  a 
deacon,  and  has  served  as  teacher  and  superintendent  in  the  Sabbath- 
school. 

ELI  LONG,  deceased,  was  born  April  28,  1821,  near  Khedive 
P.  O.,  on  the  farm  now  occupied  by  his  heirs.  His  father  and 
mother  were  Richard  and  Mary  Long,  who  were  natives  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, were  married  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  State,  and  came  to 
Greene  County,  where  they  settled  and  remained  until  their  death. 
Mr.  Eli  Long  was  united  in  marriage  October  25,  1853,  with  Sarah 
PrA'or,  who  was  born  in  Belmont  County,  Ohio,  July  27,  1831, — a 
daughter  of  Joshua  and  Susan  Pryor,  now  deceased.  To  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Long  were  born  four  children,  of  whom  two  are  living — Lizzie 
L.  and  Albert  C.  The  deceased  are  Vincent  P.  and  Delia.  Mr. 
Long  was  reared  on  a  farm,  and  made  a  great  success  of  farming  and 
stock  dealing,  possessing  at  the  time  of  his  death,  October  1,  1881, 
560  acres  of  land,  which  is  now  owned  and  managed  by  his  son  and 
daughter.  Mrs.  Long  departed  this  life  August  27,  1886.  She 
and  her  husband  were  faithful  members  of  the  Cumberland  Presby- 
terian Church,  of  which  the  son  and  daughter  are  also  members. 

MARTIN  J.  LOVE,  iarmer,  P.  O.  Jefferson,  one  of  the  sub- 
stantial citizens  of  Jefferson  Township,  was  born  in  Greene  County, 
Penn.,  March  11,  1826.  His  parents  were  Alfred  and  Ann  Love 
[nee  Piper),  who  were  natives  of  England,  where  they  were  married 
and  emigrated  to  America  in  1819,  coming  to  Greene  County,  Penn., 
where  they  remained  until  their  death.  Mrs.  Love  departed  this 
life  in  1853  and   her  husband  in  1868.     They  were  the  parents  of 


74:2  HISTORY    Oi'    GEEEKE   COUNTY. 

six  children,  four  of  whom  are  living.  Martin  J.  is  the  youngest, 
and  was  united  in  marriage  November  5,  1857,  with  Harriet  liine- 
hart,  who  was  born  in  Greene  County  November  11,  1829.  She  is 
a  daughter  of  Jacob  and  Abigail  (Huss)  Rinehart,  who  were  also 
natives  of  Greene  County  and  residents  therein  through  life.  Mrs. 
Kinehart  died  in  1841.  Mr.  Rinehart  afterwards  married  Elizabeth 
Hoge,  now  living;  he  died  in  1874.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Martin  J. 
Love  have  been  born  nine  children;  of  these  live  are  living,  viz. — 
Emma,  George,  Ruth,  wife  of  Thomas  Hughes;  Kate,  wife  of  Hugh 
Hamilton,  and  Charlie.  The  deceased  are  Ella,  wife  of  Dr.  C.  H. 
Pollock;  Lizzie  M.,  Milton  J.  R.  and  Millard  F.  Mr.  Love  was 
raised  on  a  farm,  has  made  farming  and  stock  dealing  his  business, 
and  owns  300  acres  of  land  where  he  and  family  live.  He  and  wife 
are  consistent  members  of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church. 

EWING  McCLEARY,  merchant,  Jefferson,  Penn. — Among  the 
prominent  business  men  of  Greene  County  we  mention  the  name 
of  Ewing  McCleary.  He  was  born  in  Fayette  County,  Penn., 
February  3,  1840,  a  son  of  William  and  Rebecca  McCleary.  His 
parents  were  also  Tiatives  of  Fayette  County.  His  father  was  a  mer- 
chant in  early  life,  in  later  years  a  banker.  Ewing  was  the  only 
son  in  a  family  of  three  children,  and  had  the  advantages  of  good 
schools,  having  attended  both  the  High  School  and  Academy  at 
Uniontowm,  Penn.  In  1865  he  w^as  admitted  as  a  partner  in  his 
father's  store,  in  which  he  had  been  a  salesman  for  several  years.  In 
1872  he  came  to  Jefferson  and  established  his  present  business. 
Here  his  long  experience  in  the  mercantile  trade,  and  his  polite  and 
gentlemanly  demeanor,  soon  won  for  him  a  good  trade.  His  store 
is  an  example  of  neatness,  and  in  the  arrangement  and  selection  of 
goods  he  exhibits  marked  ability  and  good  taste.  Mr.  McCleary 
was  married  in  Fayette  County,  Penn.,  to  Miss  Lizzie,  daughter  of 
P.  G.  and  Martha  (Burchinal)  Sturgis.  Mrs.  McCleary's  father  w-as 
a  Baptist  minister,  and  she  is  a  faithful  member  of  the  Baptist 
Church.     In  politics  Mr,  McCleary  is  a  Democrat. 

MICHAEL  McGOVERN,  deceased,  a  man  highly  respected  for 
his  many  excellent  qualities,  was  a  prominent  farmer  and  stock- 
grower  in  Jefferson  Township,  where  he  died  in  1876  at  the  advanced 
age  of  eighty-four  years.  He  came  to  Jefferson  Township  when  a 
young  man,  and  made  the  tilling  of  the  soil  and  raising  stock  the 
business  of  his  life,  which  he  pursued  with  more  than  ordinary 
energy.  As  the  fruit&  of  his  toils,  he  was  the  owner  of  two  farms 
well  stocked  and  improved.  He  was  quite  happily  married  to  Miss 
Lucinda  Daken,  who  was  born  in  Ohio,  and  of  English  origin.  She 
has  spent  most  of  her  life  in  Greene  County,  Penn.  The  union  of 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  McGovern  proved  a  very  pleasant  one.  Their  young- 
est child  is  J.  E.,  who  is  now  a  full-grown  man.     In   politics  Mr. 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  743 

]\[cGoveni  was  a  Democrat,  lie  was  a  zealous  meniber  of  the  Cath- 
olic Church. 

THOMAS  K.  McMlNN,  deceased,  who  was  a  saddler  and  harness- 
maker,  was  born  in  Cumberland  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn., 
April  22,  1820.  He  was  a  son  of  Eobert  and  Rachel  (Rice)  McMinn, 
of  Irish  and  English  origin.  His  father  was  born  in  Ireland, 
and  was  a  school  teacher  by  occupation;  in  later  life  he  engaged  in 
farming.  Thomas  McMinn  was  the  youngest  in  a  family  of  four 
children — Elizabeth,  deceased,  who  was  the  wife  of  James  Mahanna; 
Mary,  the  widow  of  James  Pogue;  Sarah,  wife  of  John  Curl;  and 
Thomas  R.,  who  married  Miss  Elizabeth  V.,  daughter  of  William 
Lee  Pollock,  of  Pittsburgh,  Penn.  Mrs.  McMinn  is  next  to  the 
youngest  of  a  family  of  twelve  children.  The  marriage  of  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  McMinn  has  been  blessed  with  seven  children,  live  of  whom 
are  living — Mary  A.,  wife  of  John  Rex;  W.  J.,  a  saddler;  Elizabeth 
L.,  Thomas  Reed,  a  liverynum  at  Jefferson;  and  John  C,  a  minister 
in  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  Robert  L.  and  an  infant  are 
deceased.  Mr.  McMinn  took  great  pride  in  fine  horses  and  cattle, 
in  which  he  dealt  quite  extensively  during  his  life.  He  was  a  man 
of  more  than  ordinary  intellect,  always  foremost  as  a  peacemaker, 
and  beloved  by  everybody  who  had  the  pleasure  of  his  acquaintance. 
In  the  language  of  all  persons  of  that  section  with  whom  we  have 
been  able  to  converse,  "  his  place  can  never  be  tilled."  Nothing  can 
be  said  that  would  not  be  appropriate  to  the  character  of  so  honored 
a  friend  of  the  people.  He  started  in  life  a  poor  boy,  and  by  in- 
dustry, honesty  and  integrity,  he  amassed  considerable  fortune, 
leaving  every  member  of  his  family  in  comfortable  circumstances. 
His  widow  is  a  devoted  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

DANIEL  MOREDOCK,  farmer,  Jefferson,  Penn.,  was  born  in 
Jefferson  Township,  Greene  County,  March  29,  1820.  His  father, 
George  Moredock,  a  native  of  Greene  County,  was  three  times  mar- 
ried, his  first  wafe  being  Priscilla  Anderson,  Daniel's  mother,  who 
M-as  born  January  10,  1798,  wnth  whom  he  lived  in  Jefferson  Town- 
ship until  her  death,  May  16,  1841.  He  married  for  his  second  wife 
Mary  (Moredock)  Worthington,  and  for  the  third,  Emily  A.  Ran- 
dolph, now  deceased.  He  departed  this  life  in  1881.  He  was  the 
father  of  twelve  children,  nine  of  whom  are  living.  Daniel  is  the 
second,  and  was  united  in  marriage,  November  25,  1849,  with  Eliza- 
beth Rex,  who  was  born  in  Jeflerson  Township,  August  23,  1834,  a 
daughter  of  Charles  and  Mary  (Hickman)  Rex,  deceased.  By  this 
marriage  Mr.  Moredock  is  the  father  of  ten  children,  eight  living, 
viz:  Rex,  Margaret,  wife  of  Samuel  Cox;  Emma,  wife  of  David 
Burson;  Sarah,  wife  of  Anderson  Moredock;  Anna,  wife  of  William 
Dauglierty ;  Edda,  Elizabetli  and  Austin  L.  The  deceased  are  George 
and   James    A.     Their   mother  departed   this  life   April    11,  1877. 


744  HISTORY  OF  grep:ne  county. 

August  26,  1885,  Mr.  Moredock  niaiTied  Rosa  A.  Stephens,  who  was 
born  in  Delaware.  Mr.  Moredock  is  an  industrious  and  economical 
farmer  and  stock-dealer,  and  owns  a  nice  home  and  good  farm  of 
240  acres  where  he  and  family  now  live. 

JEREMIAH  TRICE,  farmer,  P.  O.  Rice's  Landing,  was  l)orn  in 
Monongahela  Towuiship,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  September  7,  1814. 
His  parents,  Michael  and  Mary  (Evans)  Price,  were  natives  of  Wales, 
where  they  were  married  and  lived  about  one  year,  then  emigrated  to 
America,  locating  in  Greene  County,  Penn.,  where  they  remained 
until  Mr.  Price's  death,  July  9,  1853.  Mrs.  Price  died  in  June, 
1870,  being  one  hundred  years  and  thirteen  days  old.  They  were 
the  parents  of  six  children,  only  two  of  whom  are  living — Michael, 
single,  and  Jeremiah,  who  was  united  in  marriage,  August  14,  1855, 
with  Mary  J.  Goslin.  She  was  born  in  Fayette  County,  Penn.,  Sep- 
tember 17,  1821,  and  is  a  consistent  member  of  the  Chimberland 
Presbyterian  Church.  Her  parents  were  Richard  and  Jane  (Millison) 
Goslin,  who  were  natives  of  Fayette  County,  Penn.,  and  moved  from 
there  to  Greene  County,  where  they  died.  Richard"  Goslin  was  a 
soldier  of  the  war  of  1814.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Price  have  three  children, 
two  living,  viz:  Oliver  J.  and  George  E.  The  deceased  was  Maria 
J.,  wife  of  Simon  Sharpnack.  Mr.  Price  is  a  farmer  and  quite  a 
genius,  having  engaged  at  different  times  in  blacksmithing,  malting, 
and  the  practice  of  veterinary  surgery.  He  and  his  brother  Michael 
own  400  acres  of  good  land  in  Greene  County.  IVIr.  Michael  Price 
filled  the  office  of  auditor  of  the  county  one  term,  and  has  met  with 
success  as  a  farmer  and  school-teacher.  The  following  is  a  copy  of 
the  naturalization  papers  of  the  parents  of  our  subject:  "Delaware 
District,  ss.  I, — Do  Hereby  Certify  That,  Michael  Price  wife  it  one 
child  of  Radnor,  Shire — Himself  aged  34  years,  a  Native  of  Wales 
Subject  to  King  of  Great,  Prittain,  and  that,  he  intends  residing  in 
Newyork,  an  is  regestered  in  the  Office  of  the  District  Court  in  Tes- 
timony whereof,  I,  have  hereunto  set  my  hand  and  affixed  the.  Seal, 
of  the  District  Court  of  the  United,  States  For  the,  Delaware  District 
at  Wilmington  this,  22d  day  of  July — in  tlie  year  of  our  Lord — one 
Thousand  Eight  Hundred  and  one.  Thomas  Stocton,  Clerk,  Dela- 
ware District." 

GEORGE  REX,  farmer,  P.  O.  Jefferson,  is  a  descendant  of  one 
of  the  pioneer  families  of  the  township,  and  was  born  November  30, 
1838,  on  the  farm  where  he  and  family  now  reside.  He  is  a  son  of 
Charles  and  Mary  (Hickman)  Rex.  His  father  was  born  on  the  old 
Rex  homestead  in  Jefferson  Township,  Greene  County,  July  1, 1801, 
and  was  a  son  of  George  and  Margaret  (Kcppler)  Rex,  the  former  a 
native  of  England,  and  the  latter  of  Germany.  They  emigrated  to 
America,  and  were  married  in  Pennsylvania,  settling  in  Greene 
County,  which  at  the  time  of  their  settlement  was  known  as  Wash- 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  745 

iii<rton  County.  Here  they  remained  until  their  death.  Mary  Rex, 
(xeoi-ge's  mother,  was  born  in  Fayette  County,  Penn.,  January  19, 
1801,  a  daughter  of  Solomon  and  Elizabeth  Hickman,  who  were 
natives  of  Pennsylvania,  and  departed  this  life  in  Jeiferson  Borough. 
Charles  and  Mary  Ilex  were  the  parents  of  seven  children,  three  of 
whom  are  living,  viz:  Margaret,  wife  of  W.  F.  Hughes,  of  Mount 
Pleasant,  Iowa;  John,  a  resident  of  Fairbury,  111.;  and  George,  the 
subject  of  our  sketch.  George  was  united  in  marriage,  December  8, 
18G1,  with  Mary  E.  Strickler,  born  in  Westmoreland  County,  January 
5,  1843,  and  is  a  consistent  member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 
Her  parents  are  Isaac  and  Catharine  (Heath)  Strickler,  natives  of 
Fayette  County,  where  they  lived  a  few  years,  then  moved  to  West- 
moreland County,  where  they  now  reside.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Rex  have 
a  family  of  ten  children,  eight  living — Charles,  Ella  J.,  Edward  B., 
Georgianna,  Joseph  A.,  Albert  G.,  Mattie  M.  and  Ernest.  The  de- 
ceased were  Catharine  and  George,  Mr.  Rex,  like  his  ancestors,  has 
made  farming  the  business  of  his  life,  and  owns  125  acres  of  land, 
known  as  the  old  Rex  homestead. 

H.  P.  RINEIIART,  farmer,  P.  O.  Waynesburg,  was  born  in 
Franklin  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  Jnne  1,  1844.  He  is  a 
son  of  Arthur  and  Rebecca  (Roljerts)  Rinehart,  who  were  natives  of 
this  county  and  residents  therein  until  death.  He  departed  this  life 
April  6,  1872,  and  she  January  5,  1873.  They  were  the  parents  of 
thirteen  children;  seven  are  living,  the  youngest  of  whom  is  II.  P., 
who  was  married  June  28,  1866,  having  chosen  as  the  sharer  of  his 
fortunes  Miss  Maria  Bowers,  who  was  born  in  Whiteley  Township, 
February  22,  1844.  Her  parents  were  John  and  Elizabeth  (Cowell) 
Bowers,  also  natives  of  Greene  County,  where  they  lived  until  1869, 
at  which  time  they  moved  to  Taylor  County,  Iowa.  Mrs.  Bowers 
died  February  14,  1877.  Mr.  Bowers  is  still  living.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Rinehart  have  had  eight  children — Charles  W.,  Floe  F.,  Jesse  B., 
Mary  L.,  John  R.,  William  W.  and  Maria  K. ;  Maggie  being  de- 
ceased. Mr.  Rinehart  owns  123  acres  of  land  where  he  and  family 
live.  He  tilled  the  office  of  director  of  the  poor  one  term,  also  served 
on  the  school  board  of  his  township.  He  and  wife  are  consistent 
members  ot  the  Methodist  Protestant  Church. 

JAMES  SCOTT,  deceased,  was  one  of  the  most  successful  and 
enterprising  farmers  of  Jefferson  Township.  He  was  born  October 
6, 1822,  on  the  farm  where  his  family  resides.  His  father  and  mother 
were  James  and  Margaret  (Kincaid)  Scott.  His  father  was  a  son  of 
Mordecai  and  Kizzie  (Potete)  Scott,  and  came  with  his  parents  from 
Maryland  to  Greene  County,  Penn.,  wdiere  he  married  Margaret  Kin- 
caid, who  was  born  in  1790,  and  departed  this  life  in  1888.  James 
was  the  fourth  in  their  family  of  tive  children.  He  was  united  in 
marriage,   May  19,  1853,  with   Mary   A,,  daughter  of  William  and 


746  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

Elizjibeth  (Hedges)  Spencer,  who  were  Matives  of  Washington  Conn- 
ty,  Penii.  Mr.  Spencer  came  with  his  parents  to  Greene  County 
when  only  two  years  of  age.  He  was  married  in  Washington  Coun- 
ty, returned  with  liis  wife  to  Greene  County  and  remained  until  1871, 
then  moved  to  the  State  of  Tennessee,  where  Mrs.  Spencer  died  April 
12,  1883.  In  the  fall  of  the  same  year  he  again  returned  to  Greene 
County,  and  has  since  made  his  home  with  his  daughter,  Mrs.  James 
Scott.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Scott  were  born  six  children,  live  of  whom 
are  living.  The  oldest  of  these,  Lizzie  E.,  is  the  widow  of  I.  N.  Mc- 
Kay, the  mother  of  one  child,  named  Newton  for  his  father;  the 
second  daughter  is  Anna  S.,  wife  of  Dr.  J.  L.  Millikin,  of  Greens- 
boro, Penn.,  and  the  mother  of  one  son,  Joe  P.;  the  others  are  Will- 
iam S.,  Emma  K.  and  J.  NeAvton.  Margaret  is  deceased.  Mr.  Scott 
acquired  hsi  education  in  the  common  schools  in  Jefferson  Township. 
Tiike  his  ancestors,  he  made  farming  and  stock-raising  his  business, 
and  owned  400  acres  of  land.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Masonic 
fraternity,  and  belonged  to  tlie  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church,  of 
which  Mrs.  Scott  is  also  a  devoted  member.  He  remained  on  the  old 
Scott  homestead  until  his  deatli,  September  30,  1878. 

MILTON  S.  SHAPE,  farmer,  Clarksville,  Penn.,  was  born  in 
Greene  County,  July  29,  1835,  a  son  of  Jacob  and  Joanna  Shape 
{iiee  Pettit),  who  were  also  natives  of  Greene  County,  where  they 
were  married,  settled  and  remained  until  Mrs.  Shape's  death,  which 
occurred  in  1859.  Her  husband  afterwards  married  Elizal)eth  Black 
{nee  Walters),  and  they  reside  in  Clarksville,  Penn.  Mr.  Jacob 
Shape  is  the  father  of  eight  children,  six  now  living.  Milton  S.  is 
the  oldest  and  was  united  in  marriage,  August  10,  1878,  with  Cath- 
arine A.  Lancaster,  who  was  born  in  Fayette  County,  Penn.,  Feb- 
ruary 10,  1844.  Her  parents,  Bartholomew  and  Minerva  (Fraley) 
Lancaster,  were  natives  of  Mar3'land,  where  they  were  married  and 
tlien  came  to  Greene  County,  Penn.,  in  1843,  removing  two  years 
later  to  Fayette  County,  Penn.,  where  they  died.  Mr.  and  Mrs, 
Milton  Shape  are  the  parents  of  four  children,  only  one  living,  Ilad- 
ashia  B.,  born  November  11,  1880.  Mr,  Shape  is  a  carpenter  by 
trade,  which  he  followed  for  sixteen  years.  He  then  engaged  in  farm 
ing,  and  owns  seventy-two  acres  of  land.  He  enlisted  in  Company 
G,  Fifteenth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry  and  served  his  country  three 
years.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity  and  Mrs.  Shape 
is  a  member  of  the    Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

THOMAS  SHARPNACK,  farmer,  Jefferson,  Penn.,  was  born 
in  Cumberland  Township,  Greene  County,  June  30,  1827.  He  is  a 
son  of  Peter  and  Mary  (Alfree)  Sharpnack,  who  were  native  of 
Greene  Countj^  where  they  were  married  and  made  their  home  until 
Mr.  Sharpnack's  death  in  1845.  Mrs.  Sharpnack  died  in  1867. 
They  were  the  parents  of  nine  children,  five  now  living.       Of  these 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  747 

Tliomas  is  the  oldest  and  was  united  in  marriage,  June  27,  1852, 
with  Elizabeth  Craft,  who  was  born  in  Fayette  County,  Penn.,  No- 
vember 0,  1826.  She  is  a  daughter  of  Benjamin  and  Mary  Craft, 
also  natives  of  Fayette  County.  Her  father  died  March  27,  1886; 
her  mother  is  still  living.  They  were  the  parents  of  fifteen  children, 
nine  living.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Sharpnaek  have  been  born  live 
children,  only  one  living,  Simon.  The  deceased  are  George,  Ada- 
line,  Benjamin  and  Peter.  Mr.  Sharpnack  is  a  farnier  and  owns 
166  acres  of  land  where  he  and  his  family  reside.  Mrs.  Sharpnack 
is  a  faithful  member  of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church. 

T.  II.  SHARPNACK,  M.  D.,  born  at  Rice's  Landing,  Penn., 
November  20,  1843,  is  a  son  of  AVilliam  and  Sarah  (Neel)  Sharp- 
nack. His  parents  were  natives  of  Greene  County,  Penn.,  and  were 
of  Scotch  and  German  descent.  His  father  is  a  farmer  and  stock-grower 
and  resides  in  Cumberland  Township,  where  he  was  born  in  June  9, 
1810,  a  son  of  Samuel  and  Nancy  (Crago)  Sharpnack.  The  Doctor's 
grandmother,  Nancy  Sharpnack,  was  born  in  1776  and  lived  to  be 
eighty-four  years  old.  His  grandfather,  Samuel,  died  in  1852  at 
the  age  of  sixty-three.  The  Doctor's  grandparents  on  his  mother's 
side  were  Barnej^  and  Martha  (Hughes)  Neel.  They  were  natives  of 
Cumberland  Township.  Eleven  of  their  children  grew  to  maturity. 
The  Doctor  is  the  fourth  in  a  family  of  nine  children.  He  was 
reared  in  Jefferson  Township,  educated  at  Waynesburg  College,  and 
studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Laidley,  of  Carmichaels.  He  took  the 
regular  course  in  medicine  at  Jefierson  Medical  College,  at  Phila- 
delphia, and  graduated  in  1872.  He  then  entered  his  profession  at 
Jefferson,  where  he  has  had  a  good  practice  since.  The  Doctor  is  a 
member  of  the  Greene  County  Medical  Society,  and  was  sent  as 
delegate  to  the  State  Medical  Association.  He  has  served  as  the 
physician  of  the  Children's  Home  in  this  county,  and  is  examining 
physician  for  three  life  insurance  companies.  He  was  married,  June 
23,  1870,  to  Cynthia,  daughter  of  James  and  Hannah  Moredock. 
They  have  four  children — James  M.,  William  F.,  Gertrude  H.  and 
Thomas  P.  (deceased).  Mrs.  Sharpnack  died  August  16,  1877.  The 
Doctor  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  Church;  in  politics  he  is  a  Dem- 
ocrat. 

STIERS  SHARPNACK,  farmer,  Jefferson,  Penn.,  was  born  on 
the  farm  where  he  and  his  family  reside,  July  2,  1855.  His  parents 
were  Thomas  E.  and  Catharine  (Haver)  Sharpnack,  who  were  natives 
of  Greene  County,  Penn.,  where  they  were  married,  settled  and  re- 
mained until  their  death.  He  departed  this  life  October  2,  1876, 
and  she  November  8,  1887.  They  were  the  parents  of  three  children 
— Calvin,  Andrew  S.  and  Stiers,  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  He  was 
united  in  niarriage,  April  14,  1877,  with  Jennie  Hupp,  born  in  Mor- 
gan Township,  March  4,  1856,  a  daughter  of  Uriah    and    Marinda 


748  HISTORY  or^"  greene  county. 

IIiipp  (^fiee  Cox).  Mrs.  Sliarpnack  is  a  consistent  member  of  the 
JJisciple  Clnirch.  Her  father  was  a  native  of  Washington  Connty, 
Penn.,  and  her  mother  of  Greene  County,  where  they  reside  in 
Morgan  Township.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Sliarpnack  have  four  chiklren — 
John  II.,  Minnie  L.,  William  II.  and  Harry  A.  Mr.  Sharpnack  was 
raised  on  a  farm  and  makes  farming  his  business.  He  owns  107 
acres  of  land  in  Jefferson  Townsliip. 

ALVA  C.  SHAW,  merchant  and  burgess  of  Jefterson  Borough, 
was  born  in  Canaan  Township,  Morrow  County,  Ohio,March  4, 1844, 
a  son  ot  John  and  Mary  A.  (Bell)  Shaw.  Their  parents  were  of 
Scotch-Irish  origin;  they  were  Quakers  and  among  the  early  settlers 
of  Pennsylvania.  The  Sliaws  have  usually  been  farmers  and  mer- 
chants. Alva's  father,  J.  L.  Shaw,  was  a  fonner  and  stock-grower, 
born  in  Morrow  County,  Ohio,  June  6,  1806.  He  was  a  son  of  John 
and  Polly  (Luther)  Shaw,  and  was  the  oldest  in  a  family  of  six 
children.  lie  always  met  with  marked  success  in  business.  In  1877 
he  moved  from  Ohio  to  Jefferson,  Penn.,  and  eno-ao-ed  in  sellino'farm- 
ing  implements.  He  died  in  Jefferson  Borough.  Of  his  six  children, 
only  three  reached  maturity.  Alva  is  the  youngest  and  was  educated 
at  Delaware  College,  and  Ohio  Wesleyan  University.  He  started  in 
life  as  a  teacher,  but  was  induced  by  his  father  to  work  on  the  farm 
till  1874  when  he  went  to  Lincoln,  Nebraska,  and  engaged  in  the 
coal  business  till  1879.  He  then  came  to  Jefferson  and  began  mer- 
chandising. He  was  elected'  burgess  in  1887.  He  is  a  strong 
temperance  man,  and  in  politics  is  a  Prohibitionist.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  in  which  he  is  steward,  trustee 
and  teacher  in  the  Sabbath-school. 

SYLVANUS  SMITH,  M.  D.,  Jefferson,  Penn.,  was  born  in 
Franklin  Township,  Greene  County,  November  30,  1832,  a  son  of 
Samuel  and  Elizabeth  (IIuss)  Smith,  they  were  natives  of  Pennsyl- 
vania and  of  German  and  English  origin.  His  father  was  born  in 
Greene  County,  in  1796.  His  grandfather,  Sylvanus,  a  native  of 
Monmouth  County,  New  Jersey,  came  to  Greene  County,  Penn.,  in 
1793.  They  were  all  farmers  and  members  of  the  society  of  Friends. 
Dr.  Smith's  father  died  in  1879.  Of  his  four  children,  the  Doctor 
is  the  youngest,  and  was  reared  on  the  farm  with  his  parents  in 
Franklin  and  Morgan  townships.  He  attended  the  district  schools 
and  studied  medicine  in  Jefferson  Borough,  with  Dr.  W.  D.  Rogers. 
Here  he  commenced  the  j^ractice  of  his  chosen  profession  in  1862, 
has  met  with  good  success,  and  accumulated  quite  a  competence 
from  his  practice.  June  1,  1862,  he  married  Louisa  Crayne,  who 
is  of  English  descent,  and  daughter  of  Miller  Crayne.  Dr.  and 
Mrs.  Smith's  children  are — John  S.,  a  physician  and  druggist;  Sam- 
uel M.,  a  law  student  at  Waynesburg;  Elizabeth,  C.  Harry,  Albert 
P.  and  Lucinda.      In  politics  the  Doctor  is  a  Democrat.      He  is  a 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  749 

member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  a  Sir  Knight  Temphar  of  the  Masonic 
Fraternity. 

REV.  CHARLES  W.  TILTON,  pastor  of  the  East  Bethlehem 
Baptist  Church  in  Washington  County,  was  born  in  Washington 
County,  Penn.,  November  21,  1815.  He  is  the  son  of  Enoch  and 
Elizabeth  (Wheatley)  Tilton,  natives  of  New  Jersey.  They  were  of 
Scotch,  English  and  German  ancestry.  His  father  was  a  farmer,  and 
his  family  consisted  of  thirteen  children,  eleven  of  whom  grew  to 
manhood  and  womanhood.  Charles  W.,  the  eighth  in  the  family, 
remained  on  the  farm  with  his  parents  until  fifteen  years  of  age,  and 
attended  the  district  school.  His  parents  then  moved  to  Beaver 
County,  after  which  he  entered  Frankfort  Academy.  Early  in  life  he 
tanght  school  as  a  business.  In  1839  he  Joined  the  Pleasant  Grove 
Baptist  Church  in  Washington  County.  In  1840  he  came  to  Jeffer- 
son, Penn.,  and  has  lived  in  this  vicinity  ever  since.  In  1843  he  was 
ordained  as  a  minister  and  has  been  an  active  worker  in  the  Baptist 
Church  up  to  the  present  time,  having  held  over  one  hundred  pro- 
tracted meetings,  resulting  in  the  conversion  of  fully  2,000  persons, 
and  baptized  over  1,500  converts.  For  many  years  he  has  taken  a 
deep  interest  in  education,  and  labored  in  the  interests  of  Mononga- 
hela  College,  having  served  as  secretary  of  the  board  of  trustees 
from  the  organization  of  the  college,  and  as  financial  agent  for  sev- 
eral years  past.  He  has  been  twice  married,  first  to  Miss  Nancy 
Hoge,  who  died  in  1858.  Again  in  1861  to  Sarah  Elizabeth  David- 
son, daugliter  of  William  Davidson,  of  Baltimore,  and  Margarett 
(Oliver)  Davidson.  In  his  last  marriage  they  had  four  children — 
Enoch  Randolph,  Charles  Louis,  Nannie  Clare  and  John  Hunt — 
three  of  whom  are  graduates  of  Mononghela  College.  The  oldest 
son,  E.  R.,  a  graduate  of  Crozer  Theological  Seminary,  is  pastor  of  a 
Baptist  Church  in  Evans  City,  Penn.  The  second  son,  C.  L.,  gradu- 
ated in  the  Western  Reserve  University  of  Cleveland,  Ohio,  and  is  a 
practicing  physician  in  the  State  of  Colorado.  The  youngest  son  is 
still  at  school. 

F.  B.  WISE,  druggist  and  postmaster,  Jefferson,  Penn.,  is  a  na- 
tive of  Morgan  Township,  Greene  County,  where  he  was  born  April 
24,  1846.  His  parents,  Solomon  and  Hannah  Wise,  were  natives  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  of  German  origin.  His  father  has  been  a  farmer 
all  his  life,  and  at  present  is  in  the  cattle  business  in  the  West, 
Frank  is  the  oldest  in  a  family  of  seven  children  now  living,  and  was 
educated  at  Waynesbnrg  College.  He  taught  school  and  farmed 
until  1872,  when  he  engaged  in  the  drug  business  in  company  with 
Dr.  Sharpnack,  of  Jefferson,  whose  interest  he  bought  in  1879  and 
established  his  present  business.  In  1870  he  married  Miss  Lizzie, 
daughter  of  H.  Johns,  ex-sheriff  of  Greene  County,  and  of  Englisli 
descent.     Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wise  are  members  of  the  Baptist  Church,  in 


750  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

which  he  is  clerk  and  superintendent  of  the  Sahl)ath-school,  and 
clerk  of  the  Ten-Mile  Baptist  Association.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
board  of  trustees  and  secretary  of  the  executive  committee  of  Monon- 
galiela  College.  In  politics  Mr.  Wise  is  a  Democrat.  lie  is  a 
member  of  the  town  council,  and  was  appointed  postmaster  in  1883. 


JACKSON  TOWNSHIP. 

JAMES  CARPENTER,  former  and  stock-grower,  Nettle  Hill, 
Penn.,  was  born  in  Franklin  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn., 
March  5,  1838.  He  is  a  son  of  Joseph  and  Elizabeth  (Smith)  Car- 
penter, natives  of  this  count}'',  and  of  English  and  German  origin. 
His  father  is  a  farmer  and  now  resides  in  Gilraore  Township.  Of  his 
family  of  eleven  children  James  is  the  third.  James  was  drafted  in 
the  three  years'  draft  of  1803,  paid  his  conscript  and  received  his  dis- 
charge the  same  year.  He  was  reared  on  a  farm,  receiving  his  edu- 
cation in  the  common  schools  of  Jackson  Township,  He  makes 
farming  and  stock-growing  his  chief  pursuit,  and  owns  125  acres  of 
well  improved  land  where  he  resides.  Mr.  Carpenter  w^as  united  in 
marriage,  December  12,  1863,  with  Miss  INIazy,  daughter  of  Joseph 
and  Rachel  (Shriver)  Kniseley,  and  their  children  are— J.  C,  a 
teacher;  Robert  E.  Lee  and  John  B.  Mr.  Carpenter  is  a  Democrat. 
He  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the   Methodist  Protestant  Church. 

WILLIAM  GRAHAM,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born  in 
Franklin  Township,  this  county,  March  29,  1828.  He  is  a  son  of 
William  and  Margaret  (Muckel)  Graham,  who  are  of  Dutch  descent. 
The  Grahams  are  an  industrious,  energetic  family.  Some  branches 
of  the  family  spell  the  name  Grimes,  but  the  original  name  was 
Graham.  AVilliam  Graham's  father  was  a  blacksmith  by  occupation, 
but  also  engaged  in  farming,  spending  most  of  his  life  in  Greene 
County.  His  family  consisted  of  six  children,  of  whom  William  is 
the  third.  He  was  reared  on  the  farm  in  his  native  township,  and 
attended  the  common  school.  He  has  made  a  very  successful  busi- 
ness man,  devoting  himself  principally  to  farming  and  stock-grow- 
ing. He  owns  318  acres  of  well  improved  land  where  he  resides, 
near  Holbrook,  Penn.  He  also  owns  land  in  other  parts  of  the 
county,  making  in  all  473  acres.  On  November  7,  1850,  Mr.  Gra- 
ham married  Charlotte,  daughter  of  William  and  Sallie  (Bodkin) 
Smith,  who  were  of  English  and  Dutch   extraction.     Mr.  and    Mrs, 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  751 

Graliam's  children  are — Sarah  M.,  wife  of  Thomas  Ilennintr;  James 
F.,  a  farmer;  AVilliam  S.,  who  is  in  Kansas;  Lydia  Ann,  Mary  Eliza- 
beth, wife  of  John  Morris;  Cephas  J,,  who  is  in  Kansas;  John  A. 
and  Spencer  Milton,  all  farmers;  and  Japheth  E.  All  the  family, 
with  one  exception,  are  members  of  the  Baptist  Church.  Mr.  Graham 
is  a  Democrat  and  a  member  of  the  Democratic  County  Committee. 

HARVEY  ALLISON  GllIMES,  a  farmer  and  stock-grower  of 
Jackson  Township,  this  count}',  was  born  May  9,  1857,  on  the  farm 
where  his  father  now  resides.  His  parents,  P.  M.  and  Maria  (llidge- 
way)  Grimes,  are  natives  of  Greene  County,  and  of  English  origin. 
His  father  is  a  merchant  and  farmer,  and  one  of  the  inHuential  citi- 
zens of  Jackson  Township.  Harvey  A.  Grimes  is  the  liftli  in  a 
family  of  eight  children.  He  was  reared  on  a  farm,  attended  the 
common  schools,  and  early  in  life  made  choice  of  farming  as  his 
chief  pursuit.  His  present  farm  consists  of  120  acres  of  linely  im- 
proved land.  On  January  29,  1876,  Mr.  Grimes  was  united  in 
marriage  with  Martha  D.,  daughter  of  George  and  Mary  (Gump) 
Loar,  of  German  origin.  Her  father  was  a  minister  in  the  Method- 
ist  Church.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Grimes  are  the  parents  of  three  children 
—Ada  May,  Eva  Maria  and  Luta  Lena.  Mr.  Grimes  is  a  Kepubli- 
can.  He  has  served  as  school  director  in  his  district.  He  and  wife 
are  members  of  the  Methodist    Episcopal    Church. 

GEORGE  W.  GRIMES,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  who  was  born 
in  Jackson  Township,  this  county,  June  8,  1859,  is  a  son  of  P.  M. 
and  Maria  (Ridgeway)  Grimes,  natives  of  Greene  County.  The 
subject  of  this  sketch  is  the  sixth  in  a  family  of  eight  children.  He 
was  reared  on  a  farm  and  received  his  education  in  the  common 
schools.  He  made  choice  of  farming  as  his  occupation,  and  has  been 
very  successful  and  is  the  owner  of  108  acres  of  land  where  he  re- 
sides, near  White  Cottage,  Penn.  Mr.  Grimes  was  united  in  mar- 
riage, January  10,  1880,  with  Miss  Ella,  daughter  of  AVilliam  and 
Nancy  (Dunson)  Roberts,  who  are  of  English  descent.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Grimes  are  the  parents  of  tliree  children — John  II.,  James  A. 
and  AVilliam  E.  Mr.  Grimes  is  a  Republican.  He  and  wife  are 
members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  Mr.  Grimes  belongs 
to  one  of  the  oldest  families  in  the  township,  his  ancestors  having 
been  among  the  earliest  settlers  in  the  county. 

P.  M.  GRIMES,  merchant  and  farmer,  was  born  in  Franklin 
Township,  this  county,  October  16,  1823.  He  is  a  a  son  of  AA^illiam 
and  Margaret  (Muckle)  Grimes,  who  were  born  in  New  Jersey,  and 
of  German  descent.  His  father,  who  was  a  successful  farmer  and 
mechanic,  died  in  1877,  at  the  age  of  seventy-six  years.  His  mother 
died  in  1865,  and  was  sixty-six  years  of  age.  Mr.  P.  M.  Grimes 
was  reared  on  the  farm  and  received  his  education  in  the  sul)Scription 
schools.     He  has  resided  in  Jackson   Township  since  1840,  and  at 


752  HISTORY    OF    GEEENE    COUNTY. 

White  Cottage,  Penn.,  since  1851.  He  opened  a  dry  goods  and 
grocery  store  there  in  1855,  and  has  been  very  successful  in  his  busi- 
ness. Mr,  Grimes  bouglit  800  acres  of  land,  and  has  given  several 
hundred  acres  to  his  children.  He  has  the  reputation  of  being  an 
honorable,  high-minded  gentleman,  and  has  a  wide  circle  of  friends. 
Mr.  Grimes  is  a  Kepublican,  and  has  served  as  justice  of  the  peace 
for  thirty-three  years.  He  has  been  postmaster  at  White  Cottage 
for  many  years,  and  is  a  prominent  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and 
the  Masonic  fraternity.  Mr.  Grimes  was  united  in  marriage  in 
1841  with  Maria,  daughter  of  David  and  Lydia  (Calahan)  Kidgeway. 
Mrs.  Grimes  is  of  English  and  Irish  extraction.  Their  children  are 
— William,  Allison,  George,  David,  James,  A,  L.  and  Margaret,  wife 
of  William  Millikin,  a  prominent  farmer  of  Greene  County;  and 
Jane,  wife  of  Perry  Scott,  a  prominent  farmer  and  Democrat.  Mrs. 
Grimes  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

JOHN  GROVES,  farmer  and  stock-giower,  born  in  Whiteley 
Township,  this  county,  in  1837,  is  a  son  of  Jacob  and  Nancy  (Orn- 
doff)  Groves,  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  and  of  German  descent.  His 
father  was  a  farmer  all  his  life  and  died  in  Greene  County,  in  1868. 
He  reared  a  family  of  twelve  children,  of  whom  John  is  the  ninth. 
He  was  reared  in  Whiteley  Township  near  Newton,  Penn.  Early  in 
life  he  chose  farming  as  his  chief  pursuit  and  has  met  with  marked 
success.  He  is  the  owner  of  a  good  farm  of  one  hundred  and  ninety 
acres  where  he  resides  near  Holbrook,  Penn.  By  his  own  exertions 
Mr.  Groves  has  succeeded  in  making  himself  independent.  Mr. 
Groves  married  Nancy,  daughter  of  Ivobert  Dunson.  She  died  in 
1886 — eighteen  years  after  their  marriage.  They  were  the  parents 
of  three  children — William  T.,  Anna  Belle,  and  Flora  Viola.  Mr. 
Groves  is  a  Democrat,  and  has  served  as  school  director  in  his  town- 
ship. He  belongs  to  the  Disciple  Church,  of  which  his  deceased 
wife  was  also  a  member. 

WILLIAM  HUFFMAN,  farmer  and  stock-grower.  White 
Cottage,  Penn.,  was  born  December  27,  1850,  on  the  farm  which  he 
now  owns  in  Jackson  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.  He  is  a 
son  of  Peter  and  Elizabeth  (Stagner)  Iluft'man,  who  were  natives  of 
this  county,  and  of  English  origin.  His  father  died  in  1885  at  the 
advanced  age  of  eighty-three  years.  Of  his  family  of  nine  children 
William  is  the  seventh.  He  was  reared  on  his  present  farm  in 
Jackson  Township,  and  has  made  farming  his  business  through  life. 
He  has  been  very  successful  and  owns  two  hundred  and  six  acres  of 
land  well  stocked  and  improved.  Mr.  Huifman  was  united  in  mar- 
riage, November  27,  1870,  with  Miss  Jennie,  daughter  of  Corbly  and 
Jane  (Bailey)  Fordyce.  Mrs.  Huffman's  ancestors  were  among  tlie 
pioneers  of  Greene    County.     Tliey    were  of  English   origin.      Mr. 


HISTORY    OF    GKiEENE    COUNTY.  -^5^ 

lliiftniaii  is  a  Democrat.  His  wife  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist 
Protestant  Church. 

N.  II.  JOHNSON,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  w^as  born  February 
1,  1829,  on  the  Haines  farm,  east  of  Waynesburg;  he  resides  near 
White  Cottage,  Penn.  He  is  a  son  of  William  and  Hester  (Haines) 
Johnson,  who  were  born  in  Pennsylvania  and  were  of  German  and 
Englisli  origin.  His  father,  who  was  a  tanner  by  trade,  died  in 
Greene  County,  May  3,  1847.  Of  his  family  of  six  children  the 
subject  of  this  sketch  is  the  second.  He  was  reared  on  the  farm 
and  received  a  limited  education  in  an  old-fashioned  log  school- 
house  with  slab  seats  and  paper  windows.  He  has  been  a  successful 
farmer  and  owns  a  fine  farm  of  230  acres  of  land  in  Jackson  Town- 
ship. Mr.  Johnson  was  a  poor  boy  and  by  industry  and  patient  ef- 
fort has  made  himself  independent.  He  has  been  thrice  married. 
His  children  now  living  are — William  Henry,  who  is  in  the  West; 
N.  J.,  Mary,  wife  of  Ambler  Elliot;  W.  S.,  J.  S.  and  E.  J.  His 
first  wife's  name  was  Charlotta  Coen,  second  Elmira  Purge,  and 
third  Susannah  Wagonner. 

LINDSEY  KEENEE,  farmer  and  stock-grower.  Pine  Bank, 
Penn.,  was  born  April  30,  1836,  in  Jackson  Township.  He  is  a  son 
of  Peter  and  Susan  (StewartJ  Keener.  His  mother  was  born  in 
Maryland  and  his  father  in  Pennsylvania.  They  were  of  English 
extraction.  His  father  spent  his  life  in  Greene  County,  and  was  a 
farmer  by  occupation.  Mr.  Keener  is  the  youngest  of  nine  children. 
He  was  reared  on  the  home  farm,  attended  the  common  schools  and 
chose  farming  as  his  life  work.  He  owns  a  good  farm  of  110  acres 
which  he  has  acquired  by  patient  toil  and  earnest  efibrt  being  a  self- 
made  man,  and  anxious  to  succeed  in  life.  In  politics  Mr.  Keener 
is  a  Pepublican,  and  one  of  the  representative  men  of  the  county. 

ALEXANDER  KIGER,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  bo"rn  in 
Whiteley  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  and  is  a  son  of  John 
and  Sarah  (McLaughlin)  Kiger,  who  were  of  German  and  Irish  de- 
scent. His  father  was  a  farmer  all  his  life,  and  died  in  1872.  Of 
his  family  often  children,  the  subject  of  this  sketch- is  the  eighth. 
Lie  was  reared  on  a  farm  in  his  native  township,  and  attended  the 
district  school.  Mr.  Kiger  has  made  a  success  of  farming  and  is 
the  owner  of  173  acres  of  valuable  land  where  he  resides  near  IIol- 
brook,  in  Jackson  Township.  Mr.  Kiger  was  united  in  marriage, 
March  9,  1862,  with  Catharine,  daughter  of  Isaac  and  Phoebe  (Pope) 
Higgins,  who  were  of  Dutch  and  English  origin.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Kiger's  children  are. — Jerome  B.,  Elizabeth,  John  L.,  Newton, 
Belle  and  Sadie.  Mr.  and  Mrs-  Kiger  are  members  of  the  Methodist 
Protestant  Church.  He  is  trustee  and  class-leader  in  the  church 
and  a  teacher  in  the  Sabbath-school.     In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat, 


754  tllSTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

JACKSON  KUGIIN,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born  in 
Wayne  Township,  Greene  Connty,  Penn.,  December  22,  1828.  He 
is  a  son  of  Abraham  and  Elizabeth  (Huffman)  Knghn,  who  were  of 
German  and  English  ancestry.  His  mother  was  born  in  Maryland 
and  his  father  in  Greene  County,  Penn.,  where  lie  died  in  1861. 
Jackson  Kughn  is  the  oldest  of  eight  children.  He  was  reared  in 
this  county  and  received  a  good  English  education  in  the  common 
schools.  He  chose  farming  as  his  occupation  through  life  and  is 
the  owner  of  the  farm  of  121  acres  where  he  now  resides  near  Pine 
Panic,  Penn.  On  May  27,  1859,  Mr.  Kughn  married  Eliza  Jane, 
daughter  of  John  and  Sarah  (Stewart)  Thomas,  who  were  of  English 
origin.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kughn's  children  are — John  L.,  Abraham, 
William  Henry,  George  Morgan,  Pacliel  Ellen  and  Mary  Alice. 
Mr.  Kughn  is  a  Democrat.  He  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Baptist 
Church. 

LESTER  KUGIIN,  merchant  and  farmer,  Pine  Bank,  Penn., 
was  born  in  this  county.  May  12,  ISll,  and  is  a  son  of  Abraham  and 
Elizabeth  (Huffman)  Kughn.  His  father,  who  was  of  English  and 
German  ancestry,  was  born  in  Greene  County,  Penn.,  where  he  spent 
all  his  life  as  a  farmer.  The  subject  of  our  sketch  is  the  fifth  in  a 
family  of  eight  children.  He  was  reared  on  the  farm  in  Jackson 
Township,  and  received  his  education  in  the  common  schools.  Early 
in  life  he  learned  the  carpenter's  trade,  at  which  he  worked  for 
several  years,  and  also  farmed  considerably.  He  owns  a  good  farm 
where  he  resides  in  Jackson  Township.  Since  1884  he  has  been  en- 
gaged in  the  mercantile  business.  In  18(33  Mr.  Kughn  married 
Ellen,  daughter  of  John  and  Mary  (King)  Cole,  and  their  children 
are — George,  a  carpenter;  Mary  A.  and  Elizabeth  Jane.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Kughn  are  members  of  the  Baptist  Church,  in  which  he  is  a 
deacon  and  has  been  superintendent  of  the  Sabbath-school.  Mr. 
Kughn  is  a  Democrat,  and  has  served  justice  of  the  peace  in  his 
township. 

JAMES  MEEK,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born  in  Greene 
County,  Penn.,  April  3,  1821.  He  is  a  son  of  John  and  Elizabeth 
(Boyd)  Meek,  natives  of  Greene  County,  Penn.  His  father  was  of 
Erencli  descent  and  his  mother  of  Scotch  ancestry.  His  father  was 
a  farmer  and  died  in  1877.  He  served  his  country  in  the  war  of 
1812.  His  family  consisted  of  ten  children.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  is  the  oldest  of  the  children.  He  was  reared  on  the  farm,  and 
was  a  school  teacher  early  in  life.  He  has  made  farming  his  main 
occupation,  and  owns  a  farm  of  225  acres  of  well  improved  land. 
Mr.  Meek  is  a  self-made  man,  having  acquired  his  present  posses- 
sions entirely  through  his  own  industry.  He  was  united  in  mar- 
riage, October  20,  1842,  with  Miss  Mary,  daughter  of  Samuel  and 
l>ithiah  (Sharp)  Smith,  wdio  were  of  Scotch  and  Irish  lineage.     Mrs. 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  755 

Meek  was  born  in  Millsboro,  Washington  County,  Penn.,  Jnly  10, 
1824.  They  liave  ten  chikh-en,  eight  now  living,  viz.,  'Melinda,  wife 
of  George  Jewell;  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Abner  Johns;  James  R.,  a  farmer; 
Sarah  Jane,  wife  of  S.  Lang;  Martha,  wife  of  W.  Ankrom;  C.  J.,  a 
farmer;  Eddie,  wife  of  W.  W.  Patterson,  ex-county  register  and  re- 
corder; and  Mary  A.  Mr.  Meek  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  Church. 
He  is  a  Democrat,  and  in  1869  was  elected  county  treasurer.  lie 
has  held  most  of  the  offices  in  his  township,  and  has  also  served  as 
auditor  of  the  county.  He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  the 
Masonic  fraternity, 

W.  E.  MILLIKEN,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  White  Cottage, 
Penn.,  was  born  in  Jefferson  J^orough,  January  6,  1845.  He  is  a 
son  of  John  and  Mary  (Ketcheni)  Milliken,  natives  of  Greene  County, 
and  of  Irish  lineage.  His  grandfather,  Thomas  Milliken,  was  one 
of  the  early  settlers  of  the  county,  and  a  blacksmith  by  trade.  Mr. 
Milliken's  father  is  a  farmer,  and  now  resides  in  Washington  County, 
Penn.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  reared  on  a  farm,  receiving 
his  education  at  the  common  schools.  He  has  always  been  a  farmer 
and  owns  a  farm  of  119  acres  where  he  resides  in  Jackson  Township. 
In  1866  Mr.  Milliken  married  Margaret  M.,  daughter  of  P.  M. 
Grimes,  one  of  the  prominent  farmers  of  Jackson  Township.  They 
are  the  parents  of  six  children,  viz.,  T.  W.,  Maria  Jane,  James  P., 
Mary  Ellen,  Lora  Belle  and  Emma  M.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Milliken  are 
members  of  the  Methodist  Protestant  Church  in  which  he  is  trustee 
and  treasurer  of  the  Sabbath-school.  Mr.  Milliken's  oldest  daughter 
is  one  of  the  stewards  in  the  church  and  an  active  Sabbath-school 
teacher.  Mr.  Milliken  is  a  Ilepublican.  In  1862  he  enlisted  in 
Company  G,  Eighteenth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry  and  was  a  non-com- 
missioned officer.  He  was  in  the  battles  of  Cedar  Creek,  Gettys- 
burg, and  was  at  Winchester  when  Gen.  Sheridan  made  his  famous 
ride.     He  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  Post. 

L.  H.  MITCHELL,  farmer  and  stock-dealer,  M^as  born  in  Greene 
County,  Penn.,  June  10,  1846.  He  is  a  son  of  Jackson  and  Cathar- 
ine (Lemmon)  Mitchell,  who  were  of  English  and  Irish  lineage. 
His  father,  who  was  a  farmer,  died  in  this  county  in  1858  or  1859. 
Mr.  L.  H.  Mitchell  is  one  of  a  family  of  four  children.  He  was 
reared  on  the  farm  and  attended  the  common  schools  of  the  county. 
Mr.  Mitchell  has  made  his  own  way  in  the  world.  In  1867  his  only 
possession  was  thirty  dollars,  and  he  now  owns  360  acres  of  land 
well  stocked  and  improved.  He  has  engaged  extensively  in  the 
culture  of  fish  and  has  two  large  ponds.  Llis  success,  which  seems 
indeed  wonderful,  may  be  attributed  wholly  to  his  great  industry 
and  unbounded  energy.  He  is  a  temperance  man  and  votes  the  pro- 
hibition ticket.  In  1867  Mr.  Mitchell  married  Miss  Julia  Ann, 
daughter  of  Peter  and  Elizabeth  (Stagnard)  Iluffnum.  Their  chil- 
li 


756  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUKTY. 

dren  are— J.  B.,  E.  I.  and  C.  A.,  aged  respectively  (in  1888)  twenty, 
fifteen  and  ten  years,  Mr,  Mitcliell  and  wife  were  born  on  the  lOtli 
day  of  June — lie  being  just  one  year  tlie  older,  Tliej'  are  members 
of  the  Methodist  Protestant  Church,  In  connection  with  his  other 
business  projects,  Mr.  Mitchell  is  one  of  the  managers  of  the  roller 
flour  mill  at  Oak  Forest,  Penn,  He  was  actively  interested  in  the 
Granger  mov^ement  for  many  years  and  served  as  Master  of  the 
Order  or  lecturer  for  twelve  years, 

EUFUS  C.  MITCHELL,  farmer  and  stock- grower,  who  was  born 
in  Jackson  Township,  this  county,  August  23,  1851,  is  a  son  of 
Jesse  and  Dorcas  (Long)  Mitchell,  who  were  of  English  lineage. 
His  father  followed  farming  as  an  occupation,  and  died  September  5, 
1870,  The  Mitchells  have  ever  been  noted  for  their  energy  and  in- 
dustry, and  have  usually  been  farmers  by  occupation,  Jesse  Mitchell 
was  twice  married  and  had  in  all  eight  children.  The  subject  of  our 
sketch  is  the  third  child  by  the  last  marriage.  He  is  a  self-made 
man,  and  has  made  a  success  of  his  farming  and  stock-growing,  being 
the  owner  of  100  acres  of  well  improved  land  near  Ilolbrook,  Penn. 
Mr.  Mitchell  was  united  in  marriage,  December  21,  1870,  with  Miss 
Hettie,  daughter  of  Peter  Huffman.  Their  children  are — Cora 
Belle,  Mary  Luella,  Charles  B.,  Ada,  May,  Elizabeth  and  Ross  K. 
Mr.  Mitchell  is  a  Democrat.  His  wife  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist 
Protestant  Church. 

A.  J.  MITCHELL,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born  in  Pich- 
hill  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn,,  April  23,  1837,  He  is  the 
son  of  Jesse  and  Lydia  (Kerr)  Mitchell,  His  father  was  born  in 
Allegheny  County  and  his  mother  in  Greene  County,  They  were 
of  Irish  and  English  lineage.  His  father  was  a  blacksmith  in  early 
life  and  in  later  years  a  farmer,  Mr,  A,  J.  Mitchell  is  the  second  in 
a  family  of  eight  children.  He  was  reared  on  the  farm  and  received 
a  common  school  education.  He  has  followed  farming  -and  stock 
growing  as  an  occupation,  has  been  very  successful  in  his  business, 
and  owns  a  farm  of  248  aci-es.  At  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  in 
18G1  he  enlisted  in  Company  F,  Eighty-fifth  Pennsylvania  Yolunteer 
Infantry,  and  served  for  three  years.  He  is  a  member  of  the  G, 
A.  P.  Post  No.  552,  In  1865  Mr.  Mitchell  married  Harriet,  daugh- 
ter of  Bateman  and  Hannah  (Howard)  Martin.  Their  children  are 
— Sarah  E.,  Jesse,  Eliza  M.,  Jonathan,  Thomas  Jefferson,  James 
Madison,  George  McClellan,  Martha  A.  and  Clara  Belle.  Mr. 
Mitchell,  who  is  a  Democrat,  has  been  an  efficient  member  of  the 
school  board  in  his  township. 

JACOB  MORRIS,  farmer  and  stock-groAver,  Holbrook,  Penn., 
was  born  in  Greene  County  December  17,  1819.  He  is  a  son  of 
Robert  and  Salona  (Renner)  Morris,  natives  of  Greene  County,  and 
of  German  origin.     His  father,  who  was  a   mechanic  and  farmer, 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  757 

died  ill  this  county.  Jacob  Morris  is  tlie  oldest  in  a  family  of  six 
children,  and  is  the  only  one  now  living.  lie  never  had  the  advan- 
tages of  a  common  school  education,  and  as  a  consequence  never 
learned  to  read.  He  grew  up  on  the  farm  and  chose  farming  and 
stock-growing  as  his  occupation.  Mr.  Morris  has  by  industry  and 
good  business  management  succeeded  in  l)uilding  a  good  home.  15y 
his  own  exertions  he  has  come  into  possession  of  450  acres  of  laud, 
and  has  also  done  much  for  his  children,  lie  is  careful  in  all  his 
business  transactions,  and  seldom  makes  an  error.  On  March  0, 
1845,  Mr.  Morris  married  Miss  Nancy,  daughter  of  William  and 
Mary  (Dunn)  Jewell,  who  were  natives  of  this  county,  and  of  Eng- 
lish descent.  Isaac  Dunn,  grandfather  of  Mrs.  Morris,  was  a  soldier 
in  the  Revolutionary  war.  He  died  in  this  county.  The  children 
of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Morris  are — Rufus,  William  Henry,  Mary  Ann, 
wife  of  William  T.  Grimes;  Pha3be  J.,  wife  of  J.  McCosh;  James 
M.,  Hannah,  wife  of  David  Grimes;  Sarah  M.,  Charity,  wife  of 
Samuel  Smith;  and  Jacob  J.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Morris  are  members  of 
the  Baptist  Church.     In  politics  he  is  a  Republican. 

CAPTAIN  JOHN  SCOTT,  retired  farmer  and  stock-grower, 
was  born  in  Center  Township,  this  county,  April  6,  1815.  He  is  a 
son  of  John  and  Susannah  (Nicewonger)  Scott.  His  parents  were 
descendants  of  the  Quakers,  his  mother  being  a  native  of  West 
Virginia,  and  his  father  of  Greene  County,  Penn.  His  father  died 
May  21,  1857,  at  the  advanced  age  of  seventy-three  years;  his 
mother  died  December  12,  1870,  aged  eighty-live.  Their  family 
consisted  of  nine  children,  of  whom  the  subject  of  this  sketch  is  the 
fourth.  He  was  reared  on  the  farm  in  Center  Township  and  received 
his  education  in ,  the  common  schools.  He  has  met  with  marked 
success  as  a  farmer,  and  owns  252  acres  of  finely  improved  land. 
Captain  Scott  was  an  active  member  of  the  militia  in  Greene  County 
many  years  ago.  He  has  made  his  own  way  in  the  world,' starting  a 
poor  boy,  and  has  succeeded  in  acquiring  a  good  home  for  himself 
and  family.  He  was  united  in  marriage  June  IG,  1836,  with  Miss 
Charlotte  Mason,  who  was  born  in  this  county  May  3,  1817,  and  is 
the  daughter  of  James  and  Mary  (Sayers)  Mason.  Her  mother  was 
born  in  New  Jersey  and  was  of  German  descent;  she  died  February 
9,  1883,  aged  ninety-six  years.  Her  father  was  a  native  of  Ireland, 
and  died  June  12,  1869.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Scott  are  the  parents  of  the 
following  named  children:  Mason  and  J.  C,  farmers;  Mary,  wife 
of  William  Orndoff;  Oliver  Perry,  a  farmer;  Eliza  Jane,  wife  of  A. 
C.  Carpenter;  Sarah,  wife  of  George  Moore;  and  Matthias,  deceased. 
Mrs.  Scott  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  Church.  Captain  Scott  has 
always  taken  great  interest  in  school  affairs,  and  has  served  as  school 
director  for  many  years.  He  is  a  memlier  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  His 
children    and   grandchildren  were   all   present   at  the  fifteenth  anni- 


758  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

versary  of  their  marriage,  which  was  one  of  the  hap23iest  events 
transpiring  in  the  neigliborhood  for  many  years. 

HUGH  SMITH,  a  descendant  of  the  earliest  settlers  of  Greene 
County,  and  among  its  most  prominent  citizens,  was  born  on  Smith 
Creek  in  Franklin  Township,  January  26,  1832.  His  grandfather, 
Thomas  Smith,  was  the  first  settler  on  the  creek  which  bears  his 
name.  Mr.  Hugh  Smith  is  a  son  of  Vincent  and  Elizabeth  (Bell) 
Smith,  the  former  a  native  of  this  county  and  the  latter  of  Virginia. 
His  father,  who  was  of  Irish  descent,  was  born  in  1791  and  died  in 
1884.  His  family  consisted  of  ten  children,  of  whom  the  subject  of 
our  sketch  is  the  youngest  of  those  now  living.  He  was  reared  on 
the  farm,  and  has  made  a  successful  farmer.  He  is  the  owner  of  a 
tine  farm  of  400  acres  where  he  now  resides.  Mr.  Smitli  was  mar- 
ried in  his  native  county  to  Miss  Mary  E.,  daughter  of  John  and 
Jane  (Hennen)  Lemley.  Mrs.  Smith's  parents  were  descendants  of 
the  early  settlers  of  the  county,  and  of  German  and  English  origin. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Smith  have  two  children — Clara  and  Maggie. 

JOHNSON  T.  SMITH,  deceased,  who  was  an  attorney  and  jus- 
tice of  the  peace,  was  born  in  this  county  December  8,  1818,  and 
was  a  son  of  Thomas  and  Catharine  (Johnson)  Smitli.  His  father 
was  a  farmer,  and  Mr.  Smith  was  reared  on  a  farm  in  his  native 
county,  where  he  attended  the  common  schools.  He  also  engaged 
in  the  study  of  law,  and  served  as  justice  of  the  peace  for  a  period 
of  twenty  years.  He  was  a  successful  business  man,  and  at  the  time 
of  his  death,  in  1870,  he  was  the  owner  of  400  acres  of  land.  He 
was  married  December  19,  1853,  to  Martha  J.,  daughter  of  Silas 
and  Eliza  (Huffman)  Barnes.  Mrs.  Smith  is  of  English  ancestry. 
Their  children  are  Thomas  H.,  Eliza,  wife  of  J:_W._  Phij_lips ;  Silas 
B.,  Hiram  G.,  John  E.  and  Elizabeth  Jane,  wife  of  M.  Beththel. 
In  politics  Mr.  Smith  Avas  a  Republican.  His  oldest  son,  Thomas 
H.,  is  a  farmer  and  stock-grower,  and  was  born  in  this  county  Feb- 
ruary 8,  1854.  He  received  a  good  common  school  education,  and 
has  made  farming  his  favorite  pursuit.  He  has  the  management  of 
his  mother's  farm,  in  connection  with  his  own  100  acres  of  valuable 
land.  Thomas  Smith  was  married  in  1875  to  Miss  Charlotte,  daugh- 
ter of  Richard  Peththel.  Their  children  are — Maggie,  Lawrence, 
Garfield,  Oscar,  Gracie  and  Blanche.  Mr.  Smith  is  a  Republican  in 
politics. 

ABRAHAM  STAGGERS,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  Bristoria, 
Penn.,  was  born  in  this  countj^  January  22,  1818.  He  is  a  son  of 
Abraham  and  Catharine  (Grim)  Staggers,  natives  of  Greene  County, 
and  of  German  descent.  His  ancestors  were  all  of  German  extrac- 
tion and  among  the  first  settlers  of  Greene  County.  Of  a  family 
of  eight  children,  Abraham  Staggers  is  the  fourth.  He  was  reared 
on  a  farm  near  Waynesburg,  where  he  was  born.     He  sj^ent  a  con- 


HISTOEY    OF    OTJEENE    COUNTY.  759 

siderable  portion  of  his  early  life  cliopping  wood  and  clearing  tim- 
ber, lie  has  made  a  very  successful  farmer,  and  is  the  owner  of 
29tt^  acres  of  land  where  lie  resides.  Mr.  Staggers  was  united  in 
marriage  December  27,  1857,  with  Rebecca,  daughter  of  Robert  and 
Salona  (^Renner)  Morris.  Pier  parents  were  natives  of  Greene  Coun- 
ty, and  of  Dutch  ancestry.  The  children  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Staggers 
are  Hannah,  James  and  Sarah  A.  Mrs.  Staggers,  who  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Church  of  God,  died  in  Jackson  Township  in  1873.  In 
politics  Mr.  Staggers  is  a  Republican. 

DAVID  WEAVER,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born  in 
Washington  County,  Penn.,  May  10,  1833.  His  parents  were  Jacob 
and  Julia  Ann  (Jackman)  Weaver,  who  were  natives  of  Washington 
County,  and  of  German  and  English  lineage.  Mr.  Weaver's  father 
died  in  188G.  His  family  consisted  of  nine  children,  of  whom 
David.  Weaver  is  the  oldest.  From  his  early  youth  Mr.  Weaver 
has  been  engaged  in  farming.  He  is  a  plasterer  and  house  painter 
and  takes  contracts  for  mason  work  on  large  buildings.  He  has 
been  successful  in  all  his  business  affairs,  and  is  the  owner  of  100 
acres  of  land  in  Jackson  township  where  he  and  his  family  reside. 
lie  was  married  on  the  22d  day  of  April,  1858,  to  TVIary  Jane, 
daughter  of  Thompson  and  iVnna  (Johnson)  Ullom,  who  are  of  Dutch 
extraction.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Weaver  are  the  parents  of  eight  children, 
viz.:  Amanda,  George  M.,  Elizabeth,  Thompson,  Charles,  Henry, 
James  and  Flora.  Mr.  Weaver  is  a  Republican.  In  1863  he  enlisted 
in  the  Twenty-second  Corps,  Fifth  Pennsylvania  Artillery,  and  was  in 
many  important  engagements.  He  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  Post 
and  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 

HIRAM  WEAVER,  merchant  and  minister,  Holbrook,  Penn., 
was  born  in  Jackson  Township,  this  county,  April  17,  1839.  He  is 
a  son  of  Jacob  and  Julia  Ann  (Jackman)  Weaver,  natives  of  Wash- 
ington County,  Penn.,  and  of  English  and  German  lineage.  His 
father,  who  was  a  farmer  and  school-teacher,  died  in  Greene  County 
April  15,  1886.  His  family  consisted  of  nine  children,  of  whom 
Hiram  is  the  fourth.  He  was  reared  on  the  farm  and  attended 
the  common  school.  He  learned  plastering  and  house-painting,  at 
which  he  worked  until  the  war  broke  out.  He  then  enlisted  in 
Company  F,  Eighty-fifth  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry,  and  was 
a  non-commissioned  officer.  He  served  three  years  and  twenty  days 
and  was  in  many  serious  engagements.  In  1865  he  established  a 
saw-mill,  and  in  1871  started  a  general  store  in  Jackson  Township, 
where  he  has  been  in  business  ever  since.  In  1884  Mr.  Weaver 
married  Elizabeth,  daughter  qf  Peter  Fry,  who  is  of  German  de- 
scent. Mr.  and  Mrs.  Weaver  are  members  of  the  Christian  Church, 
in  which   he  has  held  several  important  offices.       In   1858  he  was 


760  IIISTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

licensed  to  preach,  and  has  since  been  a  local  preacher.      In  poli- 
tics he  is  a    liepublican. 

JACOB  WEAVER,  merchant,  Nettle  Hill,  Penn.,  was  born  on 
Ten  Mile  Creek,  this  county,  January  26,  1844.  He  is  a  son  of 
Jacob  and  Julia  Ann  (Jackman)  Weaver,  who  were  of  German  and 
English  origin.  His  father  was  a  farmer  and  school-teacher,  and 
lived  in  Greene  County  for  forty  years.  He  died  in  1886.  His 
family  consisted  of  nine  children,  of  whom  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
is  the  seventh.  He  was  reared  on  the  farm  in  Jackson  Township, 
receiving  his  education  in  the  common  schools.  He  learned  the 
blacksmith's  trade  near  Waynesburg,  and  followed  it  as  a  business  ' 
until  1861.  He  then  enlisted  in  Company  F,  Eighty-iifty  Pennsyl- 
vania Volunteer  Infantry.  He  re-enlisted  in  1864,  in  the  Twenty- 
second  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  Company  A.,  where  he  served  until 
the  close  of  the  war.  He  was  in  the  battles  of  AVilliamsburg,  Fair 
Oaks,  Bolivar  Heights  and  Winchester.  He  was  wounded  at  Fair 
Oaks,  losing  two  fingers.  After  the  war  he  l>ought  a  saw-mill, 
operating  the  latter  for  a  period  of  five  years.  He  then  farmed  until 
1880,  when  he  established  his  store  at  Nettle  Hill.  He  carries  a 
large  stock  of  dry  goods,  clothing,  groceries,  hardware  and  queens- 
ware,  and  has  a  good  country  trade.  Mr.  Weaver  has  built  his  present 
store  and  a  neat  and  substantial  residence  since  1886.  He  was  united 
in  marriage  December  5,  1867,  with  Miss  Eliza1)eth,  a  daughter  of 
Abraham  and  Margaret  (Shields)  Hickman,  who  died  in  1882.  He 
was  again  married  December  3,  1883,  to  Miss  Eliza,  a  daughter  of 
J.  and  Perrie  (Headlee)  Smith,  and  they  have  two  children,  lloscoe 
Conkling  and  Otta  D.  S.  Mr.  Weaver  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  P. 
Post,  and  is  Quartermaster. 

JOSEPH  WEBSTER,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  Bristoria,  Penn., 
was  born  in  Greene  County,  Penn.,  January  25,  1830,  and  is  a  son  of 
John  and  Elizabeth  (Cowell)  Webster.  His  father  was  born  in  New 
Jersey  and  his  mother  in  Greene  County,  Penn.  They  were  of  Eng- 
lish extraction.  His  father,  who  was  a  farmer,  moved  to  Iowa  during 
the  latter  part  of  his  life.  His  family  consisted  of  eleven  children,  of 
whom  Joseph  is  the  third.  He  was  reared  as  a  farmer  and  has  been 
very  successful  in  that  occupation,  owning  147  acres  of  land  in  Jack- 
son Township.  He  also  has  spent  considerable  time  at  the  carpenter's 
trade.  In  1853  Mr.  Webster  was  married  in  Washington  County  to 
Cynthia  Ann  Keys,  who  died  in  1858.  They  were  the  parents  of  one 
child,  Alexander  Leroy.  Mr.  Webster  was  again  united  in  marriage 
December  16,  1859,  with  Jane,  daughter  of  John  and  Sarah  (Gardner) 
Goodwin,  whose  parents  were  of  German  lineage.  She  was  the  widow 
of  J.  S.  Hunt,  deceased,  and  they  were  the  parents  of  two  children — 
a  son  and  daughter.  The  son,  J.  G.  Hunt,  is  a  farmer  and  school- 
teacher.    Tlie^children  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Webster  are  J.  C.  and  S.  M. 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  761 

The  family  are  members  of  the  Baptist  Church,  and  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
"Webster  are  teachers  in  the  Sabbath-school.  Mr.  Webster  is  a  promi- 
nent member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  lie  has  served  on  the  school  board 
of  his  township. 

HIRAM  WHITE,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  Nettle  Hill,  Penn., 
was  born  in  Greene  County,  May  1,  1840.  He  is  a  son  of  Isaac  and 
Lydia  (Tustin)  White,  who  were  of  English  descent.  His  father,  who  was 
a  farmer,  was  a  soldier  in  the  late  war,  serving  in  the  Seventh  West 
Virginia  Regiment.  He  was  twice  married,  and  there  were  three 
children  by  the  first  marriage.  By  the  second  marriage  there  were 
eight  children,  of  whom  Hiram  White  is  the  fifth.  He  was  reared  in 
Wayiie  Township,  on  the  fai-ni,  and  attended  the  district  school  in 
that  township.  Mr.  White  has  been  a  successful  farmer  and  is  the 
owner  of  a  farm  of  147  acres  of  land  where  he  resides  in  Jackson 
Township.  In'1865  Mr.  White  married  Mary  Ann,  daughter  of  Henry 
and  Elizal)eth  (King)  Cole,  and  their  children  are  John  Henry,  Eliza- 
beth, wife  of  Isaac  Hughes;  George,  Thomas,  Eliza,  James  M.,  Zella 
and  Lucy.  Mr.  White  is  a  Democrat,  and  in  1844  was  elected  county 
commissioner.  In  1861  Jie  enlisted  in  Company  E,  Second  West 
Virginia  Volunteer  Infantry.  He  was  a  brave  soldier  and  fought  in 
many  battles.  In  1884  Mr.  White  was  appointed  reporter  for  the 
Greene  County  Agricultural  Society.  He  took  an  active  interest  in 
the  Granger  movement,  and  for  years  was  deputy  of  the  county. 
He  is  P.  C.  of  the  G.  A.  R.  Post,  No.  552,  at  Nettle  Hill. 

DR.  T.  T.  WILLIAMS,  Nettle  Hill,  Penn.,  was  born  in  Wash- 
ington County,  Penn.,  July  22,  1826.  He  is  a  son  of  David  and 
Mary  (Thomas)  Williams,  who  were  natives  of  Washington  and 
Westmoreland  counties.  They  were  of  English,  Welsh  and  Irish 
descent.  His  father  was  a  farmer,  and  died  in  1859.  His  family 
consisted  of  five  children,  of  whom  the  Doctor  is  the  third.  He  was 
reared  on  the  farm  and  attended  the  common  schools.  He  was  sub- 
sequently a  student  in  the  Academy  of  Monongahela  City,  Penn., 
where  he  studied  the  classics,  sciences  and  literature,  and  while  still 
a  young  man  he  taught  school  for  several  years,  aggregating  three 
and  a  half  years  of  continuous  teaching.  He  studied  medicine  while 
engaged  in  the  profession  of  teaching,  and  attended  a  Medical  Insti- 
tute at  New  York  City,  where  he  graduated,  and  after  his  return  en- 
gaged in  the  practice  of  his  profession.  He  subsequently  took  other 
special  courses  in  medicine  and  collateral  sciences,  attended  the  Jeffer- 
son Medical  College  at  Philadelphia,  Penn.,  and  afterwards  resumed 
for  a  brief  period  his  practice  at  Monongahela  City,  Penn.  In  1857 
he  came  to  Greene  County  and  located  at  Rogersville,  where  he  re- 
mained for  a  period  of  four  years  in  successful  medical  practice,  the 
first  year  practicing  with  Dr.  D.  W.  Braden,  now  of  Waynesburg, 
Penn.,  as  partner.    Since  1861  he  has  been  in  practice  at  Nettle  Hill. 


762  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

Dr.  AVilliams  was  married  September  7,  1858,  to  Miss  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  Samuel  Grouse,  near  Kogersville.  Mrs.  Williams  is  of 
English,  Scotch  and  German  extraction.  They  are  the  parents  of 
seven  living  children,  viz:  Lay  ton  B.,  a  farmer;  Mary  Etta,  wife  of 
Prof.  T.  R.  Stockdale;  Caroline  K.,  wife  of  W.Scott  Johnson;  Sam- 
uel T.,  Jennie  E.,  J^ritta  L.  E.  and  Leonora  Estella.  Dr.  Williams 
is  a  Democrat  in  politics,  and  at  this  writing  holds  the  commission 
of  postmaster  at  Nettle  Hill,  Penn. 

JAMES  WOOD,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  Ilolbrook,  Penn.,  was 
born  October  14,  1819,  on  the  farm  he  now  owns  in  Jackson  Town- 
ship, and  is  a  son  of  Micajah  and  Jane  (Mason)  Wood,  who  were  of 
English  origin.  His  ancestors  were  among  the  earliest  settlers  of 
Greene  County,  where  his  father  spent  most  of  his  life  as  a  farmer, 
having  lived  to  the  advanced  age  of  eighty-three  years.  Of  his  family 
of  nine  children,  all  grew  to  maturity.  Pesides  the  subject  of  our 
sketch,  there  is  but  one  other  member  of  the  family  now  living — a 
brother  who  was  born  in  1806,  and  now  residee  in  Morrow  County, 
Ohio.  James  Wood  has  spent  most  of  his  life  in  Aleppo  and  Jack- 
son townsliips.  He  received  a  common-school  education  in  his  early 
youth,  has  been  a  successful  farmer,  and  owns  201  acres  of  well-im- 
proved land.  On  March  11,  1844,  Mr.  Wood  married  Mary  Ann, 
daughter  of  Morgan  and  Elizabeth  (Lippencott)  Hoge.  Their  chil- 
dren are  L.  W.  and  Thomas,  farmers;  Elizabeth  Jane,  wife  of  Henry 
Churcli;  L.  II.,  a  merchant,  and  Lucinda,  wife  of  Z.  G.  Call.  Mr. 
Wood  is  a  Republican.  He  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Christian 
Church. 


MONONGAHELA     TOWNSHIP    AND 
GREENSBORO    BOROUGH. 

H.  K.  ATCHISON,  a  retired  potter,  who  was  born  in  Elizabeth, 
N.  J.,  August  5,  1820,  is  a  son  of  Robert  and  Jane  (Parshall)  Atchi- 
son, who  were  of  Irish  descent.  His  father  was  born  on  the  ocean 
while  his  parents  were  on  their  way  to  America.  They  settled  in 
New  Jersey,  where  Robert  grew  to  manhood.  He  learned  the  pot- 
ter's trade,  which  he  followed  in  Newark,  N.  J.,  for  many  years.  He 
subsequently  moved  to  Elizabeth,  where  he  died  in  1883.  The  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  was  the  second  in  a  family  of  eight  children,  and 
was  rearod  in  Elizabeth,  N.  J.,  where  he  received  his  early  education. 
He  very  naturally  learned  the  potter's  trade  with  his  father,  and  was 


IIISTOIIY    OF    GKEENE    COUXTY.  763 

eiiiployed  as  a  joTirneymaii  for  several  years.  In  1855  he  engaged 
in  the  business  at  New  Geneva,  Fayette  County,  Penn.,  and  con- 
tinued therein  for  six  years.  On  September  20,  1861,  he  enlisted  in 
the  service  of  his  country  in  Company  G,  Eighty-fifth  Pennsylvania 
Volunteer  Infantry,  and  was  in  the  following  battles:  In  front  of 
Yorktown  and  Fair  Oaks;  Siege  of  Yorktown,  Va.;  Williamsl)urg, 
Ya.,  May  5,  1862;  Savage  Station,  May  24,  1862;  Seven  Points, 
May  31,  1862;  Jones'  Ford,  June  28,  1862;  S.- W.  Creek,  S.  C,  De- 
cember 13,  1863;  Kingston,  N.  C,  December  14, 1863;  White  Hall, 
N.  C,  December  16,  1863,  and  others.  In  1864  Mr.  Aichison  was 
wounded  in  front  of  Petersburgh,  and  lost  his  right  arm.  Eeturn- 
ing  to  Greensboro  at  the  close  of  the  war,  he  was  appointed  United 
States  store-keeper  in  1869,  and  served  for  a  period  of  twelve  years. 
lie  was  united  in  marriage.  May  14,  1846,  M'ith  Susan,  daughter  of 
Henry  and  Susan  (Billingsley)  Stephens.  Her  mother  was  born  in 
West  V^irginia,  and  her  father  was  a  native  of  Greene  Connty,  Penn. 
They  were  of  English  and  Scotch  descent.  Mr.  and  Mrs  Atchison 
have  nine  children  and  fourteen  grandchildren,  all  but  three  of  whom 
are  livincr.     The  children  are — Anna,  wife  of  John  Rumble;  James, 

r^  '  7  7 

Henry,  Charley,  Jane,  wife  of  William  Halliday ;  Mary  J.  and  Joseph. 
Robert  and  Clarinda  are  deceased.  Their  mother  is  a  faithful  mem- 
ber of  the  Baptist  Church. 

JOHN  W.  PARI>,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  Mapletown,  Penn., 
was  born  in  Monongalia  County,  W.  Ya.,  Jul}^  8,  1854.  His  parents, 
Gideon  and  Sarah  (Webb)  Barb,  were  natives  of  Old  Yirginia,  and 
of  German  descent.  In  early  life  his  father  was  a  farmer.  He  sub- 
sequently became  a  manufacturer  of  boots  and  shoes,  and  came  to 
Mapletown  in  1866,  where  he  engaged  in  that  business  until  his 
death  in  1875.  John  W.  is  the  eleventh  in  a  family  of  twelve  chil- 
dren. He  was  reared  in  Mapletown,  and  attended  the  district  school. 
He  has  followed  farming  as  his  occupation,  and  is  the  owner  of  a 
farm  of  100  acres  in  Monongahela  Township,  where  he  resides.  Mr. 
Barb  was  united  in  marriage,  in  1876,  with  Louisa  E.,  daughter  of 
Alexander  and  Maria  (Debolt)  Mestrezat,  who  were  of  French  de- 
scent. Mr.  and  Mrs.  Barb's  children  are — Lilian,  Minnie,  Charles 
A.,  Lamar  and  William.  Mr.  Barb  is  a  Democrat.  His  w^ife  is  a 
zealous  member  of  the  Baptist  Chnrch. 

GEORGE  F.  BIRCH,  M.  D.,  deceased,  was  born  in  Washington 
County,  Penn.,  August  9,  1824.  His  father,  David  Birch,  who  was 
a  farmer  and  school-teacher,  was  born  in  Ireland.  His  mother,  Lu- 
cretia  Ellen  (Yankirk)  Birch,  was  a  native  of  Washington  County, 
Penn.,  and  of  English  extraction.  Dr.  Birch  was  the  oldest  in  a 
family  of  six  children,  and  was  reared  on  the  farm  with  his  parents. 
He  attended  the  Washington  and  Jefferson  College,  where  he  grad- 
uated in  the  classical  course.     He  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Isaac 


764  HISTORY  OF  greene  county. 

Reed,  of  Jefferson  Borougli,  tliis  county,  and  siibsef[iiently  attended 
the  Western  lieserve  Medical  University  at  Cleveland,  Ohio,  where 
he  graduated  in  1852.  In  1853  he  first  engaged  in  the  practice  of 
his  profession  in  Greene  County,  wliere  he  spent  the  remainder  of 
his  life  in  active  practice.  His  practice  in  Greensboro  and  vicinity 
was  quite  extensive  from  1853  until  his  death,  which  occurred  Sep- 
tember 18,  1884.  Dr.  Birch  took  an  active  interest  in  education, 
and  served  as  school  director  for  twelve  years.  He  was  an  active 
member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  the  Masonic  fraternity.  He  was  mar- 
ried in  this  county,  February  17,  1854,  to  Miss  Adelia,  daughter  of 
Benjamin  and  Margaret  (Kramer)  Jones,  who  were  of  Welsh  and 
English  origin.  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Birch  were  the  parents  of  eight  chil- 
dren— two  daughters,  both  deceased,  and  six  sons,  four  living:  Will- 
iam David,  a  carriage  trimmer;  B.  J.,  a  physician;  George  F.,  a 
book-keeper,  and  Samuel  B.,  who  is  registered  as  a  drug  clerk.  The 
Doctor  was  a  member  of  the  Disciple  Church,  and  his  wife  is  a  de- 
voted Baptist.  Their  second  son,  B.  J.,  who  was  born  in  Greensboro, 
attended  the  University  at  IMorgantown,  W.  Va.,  and  read  medicine 
at  Cleveland,  Ohio,  where  lie  graduated  in  1883.  He  also  attended 
tlie  Medico-Chirurgical  College  at  Philadelphia,  graduating  in  1887, 
and  has  since  been  engaged  in  the  drug  business  and  the  practice  of 
liis  chosen  profession,  at  Greensboro,  Penn. 

JAMES  A.  BLACK,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  who  was  born  in 
Greensboro,  Penn.,  May  19,  1822,  is  a  son  of  Benjamin  F.  and  Sophia 
(Gabler)  Black.  His  parents  were  natives  of  Greensboro,  and  of 
German  and  Scotch  descent.  His  father,  the  brother  of  Hon.  C.  A. 
Black,  a  prominent  attorney  of  Waynesburg,  Penn.,  was  a  merchant 
and  justice  of  the  peace  in  Greensboro,  and  served  one  term  in  the 
State  Legislature.  He  died  in  his  forty-second  year,  June  10,  1843, 
leaving  a  family  of  six  children.  James  was  the  second  and  was 
reared  in  Greensboro.  He  has  made  farming  his  chief  occupation, 
and  owns  his  present  farm  near  Greensboro  and  other  valuable  lands. 
In  1844  Mr.  Black  married  Miss  Ann,  daughter  of  James  and  Sarah 
M.  (Morris)  Steele,  and  they  have  a  family  of  eight  children,  viz.: 
Charles  E.,  John  S.,  Emma  V.,  wife  of  Ilev.  Mr.  Patterson,  of  Mead- 
ville,^  Penn.;  Anna,  wife  of  Rev.  Mr.  McGree;  James  A.,  B.  F., 
Samuel  and  Asia,  five  of  whom,  with  their  mother,  are  faithful  mem- 
bers of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  Mr.  Black  has  served  as 
justice  of  the  peace  at  Greensboro  for  over  a  quarter  of  a  century, 
and  M^as  at  one  time  Master  in  the  Masonic  lodge. 

J.  S.  BLACK,  farmer  and  coal  merchant,  Greensboro,  Penn.,  was 
born  in  Greensboro,  March  30,  1852.     His  parents  were  James  and- 
Sarah  (Steele)  Black,  the  former  a  native,  of  Virginia  and   tl5e  latter 
of  Greene  County,  Penn.     The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  the  fourth 
in  a  family  of  eight  children.     He   M'as  reared  in  Greensboro  and 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  765 

attended  the  common  school.  Ilis  first  occnpation  was  that  of  fann- 
ing, lie  then  engaged  in  the  coal  Ijnsiness,  which  he  has  since 
carried  on  quite  extensively.  Mr.  Black  was  married  in  Fayette 
County,  Penn.,  December  12,  1876,  to  Miss  Jessie  Nicholson.  Her 
parents  were  natives  of  Fayette  County,  and  of  English  descent.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Black  have  four  children — Eunice  Aden,  JNina  May,  Bessie 
N.  and  Albert  Crystie,  Mr.  Black  is  a  Democrat,  and  belongs  to 
the  JMethodist  Church.     His  wife  is  a  Presbyterian. 

JAMES  E.  BLACKSHERE,  farmer  and  stock-grower.  Maple- 
town,  Penn.,  was  born  in  Monongahela  Township,  Greene  County, 
Penn.,  April  15,  1882.  His  parents,  Frank  and  Sarah  Blackshere, 
who  were  natives  of  Delaware,  came  to  Pennsylvania  early  in  life  and 
settled  in  Greene  County.  Mrs.  Blackshere  is  still  living,  having 
reached  the  advanced  age  of  eighty -five  j^ears.  They  had  a  family 
of  four  children,  of  whom  James  E.  is  the  youngest.  He  was  reared 
on  the  farm  and  attended  the  common  schools  of  the  township.  Mr. 
Blackshere  is  a  prosperous  farmer  and  owns  a  fine  farm  of  450  acres 
where  he  now  resides.  In  1856  Mr.  Blackshere  married  Eliza, 
daughter  of  AVilliam  Gray,  who  was  among  the  wealthiest  men  of 
Greene  County.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Blackshere's  childi-en  are  six  in 
number. 

A.  V.  BOUGHNER  is  a  merchant  and  postmaster  of  Greens- 
boro, Penn.,  where  he  was  born  in  1830.  He  is  a  son  of  Daniel  and 
Mary  (Yance)  Boughner,  being  the  youngest  in  their  family  of  six 
sons  and  three  daugliters.  Mr.  Boughner  was  reared  in  Greensboro, 
where  he  received  a  common-school  education,  and  had  some  ad- 
vantages above  the  common  schools.  He  learned  the  potter's  trade, 
in  which  business  he  engaged  for  almost  twenty-five  years.  He  also 
carried  on  a  store  during  that  time,  and  since  1868  has  given  all  his 
attention  to  merchandising.  In  1857  Mr.  Boughner  married  Perie 
Minor,  who  is  of  English  descent.  Their  children  are— Alice,  wife 
of  Harry  C.  Lemmon;  Mary,  Eunice,  Sherman  and  Claude.  Mr. 
Boughner  is  a  Democrat  in  politics,  and  was  appointed  to  his  pres- 
ent position  of  postmaster  in  1885.  He  and  wife  were  zealous 
members  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  in  which  he  is  an  official 
member.     His  wife  died  in  1880. 

O.  P.  COOPER,  merchant  miller,  Mapletown,  Penn.,  was  born 
in  Preston  County,  Virginia,  April  25,  1836,  and  is  a  son  of  John 
G.  and  Elizabeth  (Kearns)  Cooper,  who  were  natives  of  Yirginia,  and 
of  German  origin.  His  father,  who  was  a  miller  and  hatter  by  occu- 
pation, died  in  1868,  in  Fayette  County,  Penn.,  where  he  had  resided 
for  many  years.  His  family  consisted  of  eleven  children,  of  whom 
O.  P.  is  the  seventh.  He  remained  in  Fayette  County  till  he  was 
ten  years  of  age,  then  came  to  Greene  County,  and  received  his  edu- 
cation from  the  common   schools.     Early  in  life  Mr.  Cooper  learned 


7G6  IIISTOllY    OF    GREElSrE    COUNTY. 

the -miller's  trade,  and  s^nt  most  of  his  life  in  that  bnsincss.  His 
long  experience  and  natural  mechanical  ability,  conpled  with  his 
universally  polite  and  gentlemanly  demeanor,  eminently  qualify  him 
for  his  chosen  occupation.  In  1885  he  bought  the  old  Minor  mill 
in  Monongahela  Township,  which  he  has  refitted  and  greatly  im- 
proved. Mr.  Cooper  was  married  in  Greene  County  to  a  Miss  Ilil- 
debrand,  who  was  a  native  of  this  county,  and  of  German  descent. 
Their  children  are — Walter  L.,  principal  of  schools  at  Alton,  Penn.; 
John  F.,  telegraph  operator  and  agent  on  B.  &  O.  R.  11.',  Joseph  M., 
practical  engineer;  Jefferson,  in  government  land  ofhce  in  Kansas; 
Lewis  M.,  a  miller;  Oliver  P.,  studying  medicine;  Harry  E.,  at 
liorae.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cooper  are  prominent  members  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church. 

A.  B.  DON  AWAY,  a  druggist  of  Greensboro,  Penn.,  was  born 
near  Brownsville,  Fayette  County,  Penn.,  April  3,  1849.  lie  is  a 
son  of  John  and  Margaret  (Robinson)  Donaway,  who  were  of  Irish 
and  English  descent.  Ilis  father,  who  was  a  teamster,  died  in  1882. 
Ilis  mother  is  still  living  at  the  advanced  age  of  eighty-seven  years. 
The}'  had  a  familj'  of  three  sons  and  one  daughter.  A.  B.,  the  young- 
est of  the  family,  was  reared  in  Greensboro,  where  he  learned  the 
potter's  trade  and  followed  it  as  a  business  until  1872.  He  then 
engaged  in  the  drug  business,  in  which  he  has  met  with  unusual 
success.  In  1878  Mr.  Donaway  married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  E. 
O.  Ewing,  and  they  have  three  children — Minor  G.,  Katie  and  War- 
ren. Mr.  Donaway  is  a  Democrat,  has  been  a  member  ef  the  town 
council  of  Greensboro,  and  served  as  street  commissioner.  He  also 
belongs  to  the  Royal  Arcanum. 

J.  H.  DULANY,  merchant  and  postmaster,  Mapletown,  Penn., 
was  born  in  Cumberland  Township,  this  county,  August  13,  1856. 
lie  is  a  son  of  Dennis  and  Elizabeth  (Seaton)  Dulany,  natives  of 
Greene  County,  and  of  English  descent.  His  father  is  a  tailor  by 
occupation,  in  M'hich  he  is  now  engaged  at  Garard's  Fort,  Penn. 
The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  the  sixth  in  a  family  of  seven  children. 
He  was  reared  in  Greene  County,  where  he  attended  the  common 
schools.  While  at  home  he  assisted  his  father  in  the  nursery,  of 
which  he  was  proprietor.  Attaining  his  majority,  he  engaged  in 
merchandising  at  Mapletown,  where  he  has  the  postoffice  in  connec- 
tion with  his  large  general  store,  and  meets  with  success  in  his  busi- 
ness. In  1884  Mr.  Dulany  married  Miss  Cecilia  B.,  daughter  of 
Elisha  and  Cynthia  (Coleman)  Walters,  who  were  natives  of  Penn- 
sylvania, and  of  English  descent.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Dulany  have  one 
child — Maud  E.  Mr.  Dulany  is  a  Republican  in  politics,  and  his 
wife  is  a  devoted  member  of  the  Baptist  Church. 

SAMUEL    DUNLAP,    farmer    and   stock-grower,    Mapletown, 
Pennsylvania,  was  born  in  Fayette  County,  Penn.,  June  2,  1837,  and  is 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  767 

a  son  of  Andrew  and  Mary  (Stone)  Dunlap.  His  parents  were  of  Scotch 
descent,  but  natives  of  Pennsylvania.  His  father  came  to  Greene 
County  in  1844  and  settled  in  Monongahela  Township,  where  Samuel 
now  resides.  He  was  successful  through  life  as  a  farmer,  and  had 
been  acting  justice  of  the  peace  for  twenty-five  years — at  the  time 
of  his  death  in  1888.  His  family  consisted  of  two  children — Eliza- 
beth Ann,  wife  of  H.  K.  Barb;  and  Samuel,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch.  He  obtained  only  a  common-school  education  in  this  county, 
was  reared  on  a  farm  and  has  made  farming  the  business  of  his  life. 
Mr.  Dunlap's  wife  was  Miss  Martha  A.,  daughter  of  AVilliam  and 
Jllizabeth  (Hedge)  Spencer,  who  were  of  English  and  German  de- 
scent. Her  father  was  born  in  Jefferson  Borough,  this  county,  in 
1805.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Dunlap  have  but  one  child — Harry  L.  Mr. 
Dunlap  is  a  Democrat  in  politics,  and  his  wife  is  a  devoted  member 
of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 

E.  S.  EVANS,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  Greensboro,  Peim.,  was 
born  January  27,  1845,  and  is  a  son  of  Evan  and  liebecca  (Sonth) 
Evans,  who  were  of  Welsh  and  German  origin.  His  father  was  a 
farmer  and  stock-grower  by  occupation,  and  met  with  marked  suc- 
cess throughout  his  life.  He  was  a  deacon  in  the  Greensboro  Bap- 
tist Church.  Enoch  S.  was  reared  on  the  farm  and  received  his. edu- 
cation from  the  common  schools  and  Waynesburg  College.  His 
father  left  him  in  comfortable  circumstances  and  he  follows  farminor 
more  from  choice  than  necessity.  Mr.  Evans  has  i-esided  for  many 
years  on  his  farm  in  Monongahela  Township,  where  he  makes  a 
specialty  of  raising  line  stock.  He' was  united  in  marriage,  in  1871, 
with  Miss  Ada  Lawsou,  daughter  of  A.  C.  and  Martha  D.  Pennington, 
who  were  of  English  origin.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Evans  have  an  interesting 
family  of  seven  children — Carrie  May,  Pierre  O.,  Xona  O.,  Evan, 
A.  C.  P.  Wilson,  W.  B.  and  JNellie  B.  In  politics  Mr.  Evans  is  a 
Republican.  He  and  his  wife  are  faithful  members  of  the  Baptist 
Church,  of  which  he  is  deacon. 

ELIAS  A.  FLEXNIKEN,  proprietor  of  the  Greensboro  hotel 
and  livery  stable,  was  born  June  2,  1824,  and  is  a  son  of  J.  W.  and 
Hettie  A.  (Wright)  Flenniken,  natives  of  this  county.  He  is  the 
oldest  of  a  family  of  seven  children,  and  was  reared  on  his  father's 
farm  in  Cumberland  Township,  where  he  received  his  early  educa- 
tion. He  afterwards  attended  school  in  the  old  Greene  Acadeiny  at 
Carmichaels,  Pennsylvania.  His  ancestors  were  amoiig  the  pioneers 
of  Greene  County.  For  many  years  Mr.  Flenniken  has  bought  and 
sold  horses  and  has  been  particularly  interested  in  fast  horses.  For 
the  last  twenty  years  he  has  dealt  extensively  in  wool.  For  two  years 
he  was  captain  of  a  steamer  on  the  Monongahela  River.  In  politics 
Mr.  Flenniken  is  a  Ilepu1)lican.  In  1840  he  married  ]\[ary  Ann, 
daughter  of  William  Kerr  of  Cumberland  Township.     Mr.  and  Mrs. 


^68  HISTORY    OF  OREENE   COUNTY. 

Fleniiiken's  cliildren  are— Joseph  D.,  Sarah  J.,  widow  of  Byrass 
Thompson,  deceased;  Thomas,  Belle,  wife  of  George  Stemets;  John 
F.,  James,  Elizaheth,  wife  of  Oliver  McClain;  George  N.,  Mary,  and 
William.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Fleniiiken  have  twentj'-one  grandchildren 
now  living  and  one  dead,  being  the  only  member  of  the  family 
deceased. 

A.  K.  GABLE R,  a  retired  farmer  of  Greensboro,  Penn.,  was 
born  May  29,  1821,  at  the  old  glass  works  near  Greensboro,  and  is 
a  son  of  Tliomas  and  Wilhelmina  (Kramer)  Gabler.  Mr.  Gabler's 
ancestors,  who  were  of  German  extraction,  were  pioneers  in  the 
glass  business  in  this  part  of  Pennsylvania  and  established  the  first 
glass  works  in  Greene  County.  Thomas  Gabler  was  born  in  Mary- 
land in  1798  and  died  in  1875.  His  wife  died  in  1881,  having 
reached  the  advanced  age  of  eighty. two  years.  Their  family  con- 
sisted of  nine  children,  six  of  whom  are  living — four  sons  and  two 
daughters.  Mr.  A.  K.  Gabler  is  the  oldest  son.  He  was  reared  at 
the  old  glass  works,  received  a  common  school  education  and  chose 
farming  as  his  occupation  through  life.  In  1852  Mr.  Gabler  mar- 
ried Miss  Maria,  daughter  of  John  Jones,  of  Greensboro,  and  they 
are  the  parents  of  two  children — Benjamin  and  Thomas  C,  a  prom- 
inent young  attorney.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Gabler  are  members  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church.  A.  K.  Gabler's  brother,  Kramer,  who  is  also 
a  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born  and  raised  at  the  old  glass  works, 
where  he  received  his  early  education,  and  learned  the  saddler's  trade 
with  his  brother,  J.  AV.  Gabler,  of  Greensboro.  He  worked  at  the 
trade  until  1882,  when  he  commenced  farming  and  has  met  with 
success.  Mr.  Gabler  is  a  Repul)lican  in  ]iolitics.  August  81,  18G2, 
he  enlisted  in  Company  A,  in  the  One  Hundred  and  Fortieth  llegi- 
ment,  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry.  He  was  a  non-commis- 
sioned officer,  and  served  until  the  close  of  the  war.  He  has  also 
served  one  term  as  Officer  of  the  Day  in  Greensboro,  G.  A.  11.  Post. 
The  youngest  brother  is  George,  born  in  1841,  who  is  also  a  farmer, 
and  like  his  brothers,  a  Republican  in  politics.  His  farm  consists 
of  eighty-six  acres  of  well  improved  land  in  Monongahela  Township. 
Mr.  Gabler  comes  of  a  family  noted  for  their  energy  and  industry. 
They  have  ever  been  diligent  in  business,  and  have  met  with  finan- 
cial success. 

J.  "W.  GABLER,  harness-maker  and  saddler,  Greensboro,  Penn. 
Among  the  successful  business  men  of  Greene  County  we  mention 
the  gentleman  whose  name  heads  this  sketch.  He  was  born  in  this 
county  April,  3,  1825,  and  is  a  son  of  Thomas  and.  Wilhelmina 
(Kramer)  Gabler,  who  were  of  German  and  English  descent.  His 
mother  was  born  in  Fayette  County,  Penn.  His  fatlier  was  born  in 
Frederick  City,  Md.,  and  was  a  glass-blower  and  manufacturer,  and 
came  from  Pittsburg  to  Greensboro,  where  he  engaged  in  that  busi- 


iiisTOKY  OF  GREEisrii:  COUNT  T.  7gg 

liess  for  many  years.  He  died  in  1879  at  the  age  of  seventy-seven. 
The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  the  third  in  a  family  of  nine  children. 
He  was  reared  in  Greensboro,  where  he  received  his  early  education. 
At  the  age  of  nineteen  he  learned  the  saddler's  trade,  to  which  he 
devotes  most  of  his  time.  He  is  also  a  manufacturer  of  harness,  in 
wliich  he  uses  good  material  and  does  good  work.  Mr.  Gabler  has 
been  in  business  in  Greensboro  for  nearly  forty-five  years,  and  by 
means  of  his  industry  and  careful  investments,  has  secured  a  good 
competence  for  himself  and  family.  He  has  a  half  interest  in  the 
Greensboro  hotel,  and  is  the  owner  of  350  acres  of  land  and  real 
estate  in  Greensboro  and  elsewhere.  Mr.  Gabler  was  married  in 
Greensboro,  December  21,  1858,  to  Amy,  daughter  of  Daniel  and 
Mary  (Yance)  Boughner.  Mrs.  Gabler  is  of  Irish  and  Dutch 
descent.  They  have  but  one  child — Myrtilla.  Mr.  Gabler  is  a  Re- 
publican in  politics,  and  in  religion  a  Presbyterian,  in  which  Church 
he  has  been  teacher  and  treasurer  for  a  period  of  twenty  years. 

J.  R.  GRAY,  a  farmer  and  merchant,  of  Gray's  Landing,  Penn., 
was  born  July  4,  1831,  on  the  farm  near  Mapletown,  in  Monon- 
gahela  Township,  this  county.  He  is  a  son  of  William  and  Cath- 
arine (Robinson)  Gray,  who  were  of  English  and  Irish  origin.  His 
father,  who  was  a  wealthy  farmer  and  prominent  business  man,  was  en- 
gaged in  the  commission  business  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  for  several  years. 
He  died  in  1885,  having  had  a  family  of  six  children,  two  of  whom  are 
deceased.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  the  oldest,  and  was  reared 
on  the  farm  with  his  parents.  He  attended  the  common-school  at 
Mapletown,  Penn.,  and  spent  two  years  at  Waynesburg  College. 
Mr.  Gray  was  first  employed  with  his  father  in  the  distillery,  of 
which  he  is  now  proprietor.  He  has  also  engaged  in  farming  and 
owns  500  acres  of  land,  in  connection  with  a  general  store  which 
they  established  in  1858.  On  February  22,  1855,  Mr.  Gray  married 
Catharine,  daughter  of  James  and  Catharine  Huston.  Their  children 
are — L.  Alice,  wife  of  O.  M.  Boughner;  Selisia  and  Selena.  Their 
mother  is  a  devoted  member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  Mr.  Gray 
is  a  Republican  in  politics.  He  ever  manifests  great  interest  in  the 
educational  welfare  of  his  township,  and  has  served  as  school  director 
for  twelve  years. 

DR.  WILSON  GREENE,  of  New  Geneva,  Penn.,  was  born  in 
Monongahela  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  December  1,  1829. 
His  parents  were  Matthew  and  Rachel  (Sycks)  Greene.  His  father 
was  of  English  origin  and  his  mother  was  of  German  origin.  His 
ftither  was  born  February  17,  1806,  in  Monongahela  Township,  Greene 
County,  Penn.,  where  he  still  resides  and  now  in  his  old  age  is 
often  visited  by  his  son  who  is  ever  considerate  of  his  happiness. 
The  Doctor's  mother,  who  died  in  1809,  was  a  membei-  of  the  Sycks 
family  whocame  to  Monongahela  Township  while  the  Indians  were  still 


770  illSTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

iuliabitauts.  They  with  the  Seltzers  built  a  fort  for  protection  on 
Dunkard  Creek,  where  the  first  Duukard  oil  field  is.  Daniel  Sycks, 
an  elder  brother  of  Rachel,  was  born,  on  the  farm  where  she  died, 
December  8,  1788  and  died  Jnlj  16,  1888,  and  was  the  oldest  man 
in  the  township.  When  Dr.  Greene's  grandparents,  William  and 
llebecca  (Larue)  Greene,  first  came  to  Greene  County  they  settled  on 
a  farm  near  Willow  Tree,  on  Big  Whiteley  Creek.  They  were 
natives  of  Bucks  County,  Penn.,  and  descendants  of  the  pioneer 
Quakers,  who  came  from  England  with  William  Penn.  Dr.  Greene 
is  the  second  and  only  son  of  a  family  of  four  children.  lie  was 
reared  on  a  farm  and  at  an  early  age  he  made  choice  of  the  practice 
of  medicine  as  his  profession.  His  medical  education  was  obtained 
at  the  Cleveland  Medical  College,  Cleveland,  Ohio.  In  1859  he 
he  opened  an  office  at  Bristol,  Perry  County,  Ohio,  where  he  soon 
gained  an  enviable  reputation  as  a  practicing  physician.  In  order 
to  be  near  his  aged  parents  he  returned  in  1861  to  the  scenes  of  his 
childhood  and  settled  in  Fayette  County,  on  the  banks  of  the  Monon- 
gahela  River,  in  New  Geneva,  within  three  miles  of  his  old  home. 
Here  the  Doctor  soon  won  a  large  and  lucrative  practice  in  Greene 
and  Payette  counties.  He  was  united  in  marriage  March  23,  1859, 
with  Miss  Pleasant  M.,  daughter  of  Evan  and  Nancy  (Myers)  Evans. 
Mrs.  Greene  is  a  sister  of  L.  K.  Evans,  editor  of  the  "Three  Rivers 
Tribune,"  Michigan,  and  is  of  Welsh  descent.  Her  father  was  a 
successful  farmer  of  Greene  County  and  died  in  1865.  Dr.  and  Mrs. 
Greene  have  two  children,  who  took  a  course  in  Monongahela  Col- 
lege, Isa  D.,  wife  of  O.  J.  Sturgis,  editor  of  the  Rejyuhlioan 
Standard,  at  Uniontown,  Penn.,  and  Willie  W.,  who  is  a  graduate 
of  Dufi 's  College,  Pittsburg,  I'enn.  Isa,  the  onlydaughter,  received 
all  the  advantages  of  a  good  musical  education  and  graduated  at 
Dana^s  Musical  Institute,  of  AVarren,  Ohio.  Dr.  Greene  is  a  Repub- 
lican in  politics.  He  devotes  all  his  time  to  his  business  and  pro- 
fession, in  which  he  has  proven  himself  one  of  the  most  prominent 
in  the  county.  The  family  are  prominent  members  of  the  Baptist 
Church. 

JOHN  JONES,  of  the  firm  of  Hamilton  &  Jones,  manufacturers 
of  earthen  ware  and  tile  roofing  at  Greensboro,  Penn.,  was  born  in 
Monongahela  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.  He  is  a  son  of 
Benjamin  and  Laura  (Kramer)  Jones,  natives  of  this  county,  and  of 
Welsh  and  German  descent.  Mr.  Jones'  father  was  a  glass-blower 
by  occupation.  His  family  consisted  of  eight  children,  all  of  whom 
reached  maturity.  Mr.  John  Jones,  the  fifth  was  reared  in  Greene 
County,  and  attended  the  common  schools.  Early  in  life  he  learned 
the  potter's  trade  at  Greensboro,  and  engaged  in  the  business  until 
1860;  when  he  went  into  partnership  with  Mr.  Hamilton.  They 
employ  about  twenty-five  men,  and  have   contributed   much   to  the 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  771 

improvement  of  the  town.  In  1805  Mr.  Jones  married  Mi&6  Mary 
A.,  daugliter  of  W.  L.  Hamilton,  a  prominent  citizen  of  Greensboro. 
They  are  the  parents  of  one  child,  Asia  K.  Mrs.  Jones  is  a  member 
of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  Mr.  Jones  is  a  Eepublican,  and  a 
member  of  the  town  council,  of  which  he  has  served  as  treasurer. 
lie  enlisted  under  Captain  Harper,  of  Carmichaels,  Penn.,  in  Com- 
pany F,  First  Pennsylvania  Cavalry.  He  was  wounded  and  taken 
prisoner  at  the  battle  of  Warrington,  Virginia,  but  managed  to  es- 
cape the  first  night.  Mr.  Jones  has  been  engaged  in  the  pottery 
business  since  the  close  of  the  war.  He  is  Post  Commander  of  the 
Alfred  Shibler  G.  A.  R.  Post  No.  119,  of  Greensboro. 

T.  P.  KlvAMER,  a  retired  glass  manufacturer  of  Greensboro, 
Penn.,  was  born  October  20,  1804,  and  is  the  son  of  Baltzer  and 
Sarah  (Phillips)  Kramer.  His  mother  was  the  daughter  of  Hon.  T. 
P.  Phillips,  who  at  an  early  age  was  a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania 
State  Legislature.  He  was  a  farmer  by  occupation  and  resided  in 
Fayette  County,  near  Greensboro  for  many  years,  and  in  his  house 
was  the  first  court  held  in  Fayette  County.  T.  P.  Kramer's  grand- 
father, Baltzer  Kramer,  came  from  Germany  to  Maryland,  aiid 
subsequently  removed  to  Fayette  County,  Penn,,  and  settled  on  a 
farm  near  Kew  Geneva.  He  was  afterwards  one  of  a  party  induced 
b}'  Hon.  Albert  Gallatin  to  settle  near  Greensboro  and  establish  a 
glass  works,  Mr.  Gallatin  taking  one-half  interest  and  furnishing 
the  material.  The  lirm  consisted  ot  George  Reppert,  Lewis  Reitz, 
Ciiristian  and  Baltzer  Kramer,  Jr.,  and  Adolphus  Everhart,  one  of 
the  men  who  carried  Gen.  LaFayette  off  the  battle-lield,  and  was 
recognized  by  the  General  when  making  liis  farewell  visit  to 
America.  Baltzer  Kramer's  family  consisted  of  seven  children,  of 
whom  T.  P.  Kramer's  father,  Baltzer,  Jr.,  was  tlie  oldest.  He  was 
born  in  Maryland  in  1777,  and  in  1808  became  a  member  of  the  glass 
company  near  Greensboro,  where  he  died  in  1852,  leaving  a  family 
of  six  children.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  the  oldest,  and  has 
been  a  resident  of  this  county  the  most  of  his  life.  He  was  sent  to 
school  at  Cannonsburg,  Penn.,  but  ran  away  and  refused  to  go  to 
collecre,  so  his  father  allowed  him  to  learn  the  glass-blowing  trade, 
and  he  has  followed  that  as  a  business  for  many  years.  In  1834  Mr. 
Kramer  married  Sarah,  daughter  of  George  Harter.  Mrs.  Kramer 
is  of  German  and  English  extraction.  They  had  a  family  of  ten 
children— S.  E.  B.,  Sarah  M.,  Elizabeth  Ann,  William,  May  Ellen, 
George,  Baltzer,  John  P.,  and  Virtue  and  Edward  R.,  deceased. 
Their  mother  died  in  1884.  Mr.  Kramer  has  been  a  member  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church  for  nearly  sixty  years.  He  lias  always 
taken  an  active  interest  in  the  affairs  of  the  church,  and  has  served  as 
class-leader,  steward  and  trustee.  His  children  are  all  members  of 
the  church.      Mr.  Kramer  is  a  Republican  and   a  strong  advocate  of 

42 


772  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

the  temperance  cause,  Altlioiigb  in  his  eighty-fifth  year,  he  is  strong 
and  vicrorous  in  mind  and  body,  seldom  tailing  to  walk  from  his 
home  to  Greensboro  every  day — a  distance  of  more  than  a  mile. 

JOHN  C.  KRAMER,  Greensboro,  Greene  County,  Penn. — The 
subject  of  this  sketch  is  a  descendant  of  the  early  settlers  of  Greene 
County.  lie  was  born  in  Monongahela  Township,  September  15, 
1838,  and  is  a  son  of  George  II.  and  Louisa  (Jones)  Kramer,  also 
natives  of  Monongahela  Township.  Mr.  Kramer's  mother  was  born 
in  1814,  and  was  of  German  origin.  His  father,  who  was  a  farmer 
and  glass-blower,  was  born  in  1808  and  died  June  28,  1881.  John 
Jones,  Mr.  Kramer's  grandfather,  was  a  farmer  by  occupation,  and 
died  at  the  age  of  forty-two.  His  grandfather  Kramer  was  a  glass- 
blower,  and  lived  to  a  good  old  age.  John  C.  is  the  second  in  a 
family  of  six  children,  and  was  reared  on  his  father's  farm  where  he 
received  his  early  education.  At  an  early  age  he  learned  glass-cutting 
and  he  is  now  employed  in  that  business  in  Pittsburg.  Mr.  Kramer 
was  married  in  Camden,  New  Jersey,  May  26,  1870,  to  Sallic  C, 
daughter  of  Joseph  and  Lydia  (Caine)  Southard.  Her  parents  were 
natives  of  New  Jersey,  and  of  German  extraction.  Mrs.  Kramer  is 
the  third  in  a  family  of  eight  cliildren,  and  was  reared  in  Camden 
New  Jersey.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kramer  are  the  parents  of  four  children, 
viz.:  William  M.,  Franklin  B.,  Louisa  J.  and  George  R.  Mr.  Kra- 
mer is  a  Republican  in  politics,  and  in  religion  a  Presbyterian.  He 
is  also  a  prominent  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity. 

JOHN  P.  KRAMER,  potter  by  trade,  is  the  youngest  son  of  T. 
P.  Kramer,  was  born  at  the  glass-works  February  7,  1854.  He  re- 
ceived a  common-school  education  and  learned  the  potter's  trade, 
which  he  has  followed  as  a  business  very  successfully.  Mr.  Kramer 
was  united  in  marriage  June  2G,  1870,  with  Miss  Josephine,  daughter 
of  William  and  Frances  (Black)  Wolverton.  Mrs.  Kramer  is  of 
German  lineage.  They  are  the  parents  of  six  children,  viz.:  Harry, 
Estella,  Harris,  Clarence,  Fannie  and  Sarah.  Mr.  Kramer  is  a  Re-. 
publican.  He"  and  his  wife  are  zealous  members  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church,  in  which  he  has  served  as  steward  and  superin- 
tendent of  the  Sabbatli-school. 

PROF.  GEORGE  F.  MARTIN,  principal  of  schools  at  Greens- 
boro, Penn.,  w^as  born  in  the  State  of  Mississippi,  June  25,  1846. 
His  parents  are  Daniel  P.  and  Hannah  (Reynolds)  Martin,  the  former 
a  native  of  Virginia  and  the  latter  of  Mississippi.  They  were  of 
English  origin.  His  father  was  a  cotton  planter  in  early  life,  and 
subsequently  engaged  in  farming  and  stock-raising  in  southern  Kan- 
sas. His  family  consisted  of  six  children,  of  whom  George  F.  was 
the  fourth.  He  was  sent  to  a  private  school  in  Mississippi  until  his 
father  lost  his  fortune,  which  was  valued  at  one  million  dollars.  At 
liis  father's  suggestion  George  went  North  when  fourteen  years  of 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  778 

age,  and  worked  about  two  years  for  a  sewing  maehinu  conipaiij  at 
Elizabeth,  jSTew  Jersey.  He  then  spent  two  years  in  Yale  College. 
Being  obliged  to  leave  the  school  for  lack  of  funds,  he  taught  for  two 
years,  and  was  given  the  position  of  principal  of  schools  at  iStoughton, 
Wisconsin — a  place  of  about  two  thousand  inhabitants.  lie  remained 
there  about  four  years,  afterwards  teaching  in  Wisconsin  and  Miclii- 
gan.  Keturning  South,  Prof.  Martin  taught  several  years  in  West 
Virginia,  and  in  1880  was  appointed  by  the  State  superintendent  of 
schools  to  conduct  an  institute  at  Morgantown,  W.  Ya.  For  the 
past  eight  years  he  has  been  identified  with  the  schools  of  Greene 
County,  Penn.,  and  has  assisted  in  conducting  two  summer  normals 
at  AVaynesburg  College.  Prof.  Martin  is  one  of  Greene's  most  able 
educators  and  makes  frequent  contributions  to  the  leading  school 
journals,  lie  was  united  in  marriage  in  Monongalia  County,  W. 
Va.,  with  Miss  Anna  M.,  daughter  of  John  Blosser.  Mrs.  Martin 
is  of  English  descent.  Tiiey  are  the  parents  of  five  children — Frank 
P.,  William  li.,  Clara  M.,  Florence  M.  and  Elmer  W.  The  Professor 
is  a  Democrat  in  politics,  and  a  member  of  the  Iloyal  Arcanum. 

JEAN  LOUIS  GUILLAUME  (called  William)  MESTKEZAT, 
retired  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born  in  Mapletovvn,  this  county, 
May  11,  1809.  His  parents,  Charles  Alexander  and  Louisa  (Du- 
fresne)  Mestrezat,  were  natives  of  France,  and  came  to  Greene  Countj', 
Penn.,  in  1795,  among  the  earliest  settlers.  They  lived  a  short  time 
near  Carmichaels,  in  Cumberland  Township,  then  settled  in  Maple- 
town  and  spent  the  remainder  of  their  lives.  Mr.  Mestrezat  died 
April  1, 1815,  and  his  widow  in  1849.  They  were  the  parents  of  eleven 
children,  of  whom  Jean  Louis  Guillaume  is  tiie  eighth.  He  was 
reared  in  Mapletown,  and  early  in  life  learned  the  gunsmith  trade. 
He  subsequently  carried  on  the  mercantile  business,  and  also  en- 
gaged in  farming  to  some  extent.  He  owns  330  acres  of  valuable 
land.  In  1843  Mr.  Mestrezat  married  Mary  Ann,  daughter  of  Mat- 
thias and  Hannah  (Leslie)  Hartley,  who  were  of  Irish  lineage.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Mestrezat  have  five  children — C.  A.,  Harriet  M.,  widow  of 
the  kite  Samuel  lludson;  S.  L.,  a  prominent  attorney  at  Uniontown, 
Penn.;  Charlotte  Amanda,  wife  of  Hon.  M.  John,  of  Colorado;  and 
J.  L.  G.,  a  cattle-dealer  in  the  West.  Mr.  Mestrezat  is  a  Democrat 
in  politics.      He  has  served  as  school  director  for  fifteen  years. 

FREDERIC  MESTREZAT,  deceased,  was  born  September  25, 
1807,  and  was  the  son  of  Charles  Alexander  and  Louisa  Elizabeth 
(Dnfrene")  Mestrezat,  natives  of  France,  who  came  to  America  in  1793. 
Frederic  was  the  sixth  child  and  second  son  in  a  family  of  eleven 
children.  He  attended  the  select  schools  of  Mapletown,  which  were 
taught  by  teachers  hired  by  the  parents,  by  the  year  and  half  year. 
He  was  one  of  the  foremost  men  during  his  short  life -in  securing 
•rood  educational  advantaij:es  for  the  town  in  which  he  resided,      lie 


774  HISTORY    OF    GEEENE    COUNTY. 

learned  the  hatter's  trade,  and  dealt  extensively  in  wool  and  furs. 
April  4,  1833,  Mr.  Mestrezat  married  Miss  Martha  Hall,  daughter 
of  Lemuel  and  Sarah  (Grove)  Hall.  Her  parents  were  natives  of 
Delaware,  and  of  Scotch-Irish  and  German  origin.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Mestrezat  were  born  six  children,  four  of  whom  are  living — John  A., 
a  carpenter;  Mary  A.,  wife  of  13.  F.  Mercer;  Aline  A.,  wife  of  Will- 
iam W.  Shaffer,  and  Caroline  A.  Charles  Alexander,  the  oldest  son, 
was  educated  in  Morgantown,  W.  Va.  He  enlisted  in  Company  E, 
Fourteenth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  and  was  captured  at  the  battle  of 
AVhite  Sulphur  Sj^rings,  August  27,  18G3,  while  in  active  service  for 
his  coui^try.  He  was  taken  to  Belle  Isle,  Richmond,  and  from  there 
was  removed  to  Hospital  No.  21  in  Ilichmond,  where  he  died  March 
27, 1864,  Mr.  Frederic  Mestrezat  was  a  Republican  in  politics.  He 
was  an  earnest  and  faithful  worker  in  the  Sabljath-school  and  for  the 
chnrch,  although  he  did  not  unite  with  the  church  until  a  short  time 
before  his  death,  when  he  became  a  member  of  the  Fresbyterian 
Church  of  Greensboro,  where  his  wife  had  been  a  faithful  member 
since  her  youth. 

ROBERT  MILLIKIN  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1773,  and  died  in 
18(39.  He  came  to  America  in  1794,  and  took  up  a  tract  of  about 
800  acres  of  land,  situated  six  miles  northwest  of  Waynesburg,  on 
Brown's  Fork  of  South  Ten-Mile  Creek.  Nearly  all  of  the  upper 
end  of  Greene  County  was  at  that  time  covered  with,  forests.  Mr. 
Millikin  was  a  farmer  by  occupation,  and  was  one  of  the  substantial 
citizens  among  the  early  settlers  of  this  county.  He  held  the  office 
of  county  commissioner,  and  was  the  master  builder  of  the  first  brick 
court-house  in  Greene  County.  At  the  age  of  twenty-four  he  mar- 
ried Miss  Mary,  daughter  of  Lindsey  Gray,  of  this  county,  and  aunt 
of  the  late  Dr.  D.  W.  Gray,  who  for  many  years  was  in  successful 
practice  at  Jacksonville,  Richhill  Township.  At  their  wedding  the 
principal  feature  in  the  marriage  feast  was  a  young  fat  bear  which 
had  been  caught  in  the  neighborhood.  There  were  born  to  them  six 
children,  and  their  son  David,  who  marrie<l  Miss  Lydia  Rogers,  was 
the  father  of  thirteen  children.  The  youngest  of  these  is  Dr.  J.  L. 
Millikin,  of  Greensboro,  one  of  the  leading  physicians  of  the  county. 
Dr.  Millikin  was  born  in  Greene  County,  six  miles  north  of  Waynes- 
burg, June  24,  1854.  He  received  his  early  education  in  the  district" 
schools,  and  afterwards  attended  Waynesburg  College.  He  was  a 
successful  teacher  in  the  public  schools  for  several  years,  and  began 
the  study  of  medicine  with  Dr.  W.  S.  Throckmorton  at  Nineveh, 
Penn.,  in  1873,  and  subsequently  took  the  regular  course  in  the 
Jefferson  Medical  College  at  Philadelphia,  graduating  at  that  institu- 
tion in  March,  1878.  He  then  practiced  with  Dr.  Throckmorton  for 
nearly  two  years,  when  he  located  at  Carmichaeis,  Penn.,  and  during 
one  year  of  his  residence  there  was  in  equal  partnership  with  Dr.  J. 


IIISTOEY    OF    GKEENE    COUNTY.  775 

n.  r.nidley,  of  that  place.  In  1884  Dr.  Millikin  located  at  Greens- 
boro, Peiin.,  where  his  professional  skill  and  genial  disposition  soon 
won  for  him  a  large  practice  in  the  town  and  surrounding  country. 
The  Doctor  is  an  active  member  of  the  Greene  County  Medical 
Society,  and  served  one  term  as  its  president.  lie  is  a  permanent 
member  of  the  State  Medical  Society  of  Pennsylvania,  and  belongs 
to  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  R.  A.  He  is  examining  surgeon  for  three  in- 
surance companies  and  for  the  Royal  Arcanum.  He  has  a  special 
fondness  for  surgery,  and  has  performed  several  difficult  operations. 
lie  frequent!}"  contributes  articles  to  the  medical  journals,  and  is  a 
strono;  advocate  of  the  temperance  cause.  November  30,  1883,  Dr. 
Millikin  married  Miss  Anna,  daughter  of  James  Scott,  of  this  county. 
They  have  one  child — Joseph  Pancoast. 

OTHO  W.  MINOR,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  Greensboro,  Penn., 
was  born  in  Greene  Township,  t-his  county,  January  22,  1830.  He 
is  a  soil  of  John  and  Melinda  (Lantz)  Minor,  natives  of  Greene 
County,  and  of  English  descent.  His  father,  who  followed  the  .black- 
smith's trade  in  early  life,  was  in  later  years  a  farmer  and  merchant 
miller,  owning  and .  operating  a  grist-mill  for  many  years  in  this 
county.  He  died  in  1881,  leaving  a  family  of  five  children,  viz: 
Frances,  Mary,  William,  Rebecca  A.,  and  Otho,  who  is  the  second  in 
the  family.  He  was  reared  on  the  farm,  attended  the  common 
schools,  and  has  made  farmiiig  his  occupation  through  life.  In  1859 
Mr.  Minor  married  Miss  Lncinda,  daughter  of  Hiram  and  Elizabeth 
(Hunt)  Stephens.  Mrs.  ]Minor  is  of  English  and  Irish  descent.  They 
nave  a  family  of  five  children — Sylvanus  K.,  John  W.,  Ellsworth, 
Sarepta,  and  Yiola  (deceased).  Mr.  Minor  is  a  Democrat,  and  he  and 
wife  are  leading  members  in  the  Baptist  Chnrch. 

JOHN  S.  MINOR,  carpenter  and  contractor,  Mapletown,  Penn., 
was  born  in  Monongahela  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  March 
5,  1859.  His  parents,  William  and  Martha  (Robinson)  Minor,  were 
natives  of  thi^  county,  and  of  English  descent.  His  father,  who  was 
a  farmer  by  occupation,  was  killed  by  the  falling  of  a  tree,  January 
5,  1875.  John  S.  is  the  oldest  of  a  family  of  four  children.  He  was 
reared  on  the  home  farm  and  received  a  common-school  education. 
He  remained  at  home  with  his  parents  until  he  was  sixteen  years  of 
age,  when  he  learned  the  carpenter's  trade  and  has  since  followed  it 
as  an  occupation.  He  was  united  in  marriage,  March  10, 1878,  with 
Miss  Flora,  daughter  of  Dissisiway  and  Maria  (Maple)  South,  who 
were  of  English  "and  German  origin.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  ]\[inor  have  three 
children— Myrti?,  Walter  T.  and'Willie  Ray.  Mr.  Minor  is  a  Demo- 
crat in  politics,  and  in  religion  a  Methodist,  of  which  church  his  wife 
is  also  a  devoted  member. 

T.  F.  PENNINGTON,  merchant,  Greensboro,  Penn.,  was  born 
in  P>rownsville,  Penn.,  June  11,  1853.     He  is  a  son  of  A.  .C.  and 


776  HISTORY  o:*^  greene  county. 

u 

Martha  D.  (^all)  renningtoii,  who  M^ere  natives  of  Peuiisjlvaiiia  ami 
of  English  descent,  llis  father  was  for  several  years  a  silversuiith 
and  justice  of  the  peace  in  Greensboro,  where  he  located  in  1868. 
He  also  served  as  burgess  of  the  borough.  His  family  consisted  of 
nine  children,  eight  of  whom  are  living.  The  subject  of  this  sketch 
is  the  third,  and  was  reared  at  I>rownsville,  where  he  received  a  good 
English  education.  Early  in  life  he  learned  the  tinner's  trade,  in 
which  he  engaged  at  Greensboro.  In  1878  he  bought  the  Greensboro 
foundry,  which  he  has  since  operated  in  connection  with  a  stove  and 
tin-ware  store.  In  1887  he  procured  a  patent  for  a  new  kind  of  iire 
front,  which  seems  to  prove  quite  a  success.  Mr.  Pennington  was 
married  at  Grafton,  W.  Ya.,  in  1884,  to  Miss  Mattie,  daughter  of 
Nathan  and  Catharine  Means,  who  are  of  English  descent.  Mr. 
Pennington  is  a  Democrat,  and  in  1888  was  elected  burgess  of 
Greensboro.  He  is  a  member  of  th«  Roj^al  Arcanum,  and  a  strong 
advocate  of  the  temperance  cause.  His  wife  is  president  of  the 
Greensboro  W.  C.  T.  U.  They  are  l^oth  members  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Chnrch,  in  which  he  is  steward  and  Sabbath-school  super- 
intendent. 

J.  Y.  PROVINS,  retired  farmer,  Greensboro,  Penn.,  was  born 
in  Monongahela  Township,  this  county,  in  1813.  He  is  a  son  of 
Benjamin  Provins,  who  was  a  soldier  in  tlie  M^ar  of  1812  and  died 
soon  after  its  close.  Mr.  Provins  was  reared  on  the  farm  by  his 
grandfather,  who  was  a  soldier  in  the  Pevolutionary  war,  and  a  pio- 
neer farmer  of  Fayette  County,  Penn.  The  Provins  family  were 
strong,  courageous  and  patriotic,  and  ever  ready  to  respond  to  the 
country's  call  for  help.  Mr.  Provins'  grandfather,  James  Ilartly, 
was  for  many  years  a  prominent  citizen  of  this  county.  The  subject 
of  this  sketch  attended  school  in  the  old  log  school-liouse  for  a  few 
months  in  winter.  He  chose  farming  as  his  occupation  and  has  met 
with  marked  success.  He  has  made  his  way  in  the  world  unaided, 
his  success  being  due  largely  to  his  business  ability.  He  began  as 
a  farm  laborer  working  by  the  month  or  day,  but  is  now  the  owner 
of  300  acres  of  valuable  land.  Mr.  Provins  was  united  in  marriage, 
in  1834,  with  Miss  Melinda,  daughter  of  John  and  Catharine  (Knife) 
Sterling,  of  German  origin.  She  died  in  1884.  Mr.  Provins,  who  is  a 
Democrat,  manifests  great  interest  in  the  educational  alfairs  of  his 
township  and  has  served  as  a  member  of  the  school  board. 

SILAS  ROSS,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  Greensboro,  Penn.,  was 
born  in  Dunkard  Township,  this  county,  June  27,  1848,  He  is  a 
son  of  Powen  and  Anna  (Gantz)  Ross,  wdio  were  of  Scotch-Irish 
descent.  His  father,  who  was  a  farmer  all  his  life,  was  a  native  of 
Fayette  County  and  died  in  Greene  County  in  1880.  His  family 
consisted  of  twelve  children,  all  but  two  of  whom  grew  to  maturity. 
Silas  was  the  seventh  in  the  family  and  was  reared  in  Dunkard  Town- 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  777 

slil]>,  wliere  he  attended  the  common  schools.  lie  chose  farming  as 
his  business,  and  at  present  is  the  owner  of  110  acres  of  well  im- 
proved land  where  he  resides.  In  1868  Mr.  Ross  married  Eunnie 
Y.,  daughter  of  Alfred  and  Jane  (Evans)  Myers,  and  they  are  the 
parents  of  two  children — iJobert  C.  and  Alfred  M.  Mr.  Ross  is  a 
Republican.  He  takes  a  great  interest  in  educational  matters  and 
has  served  on  the  school  board  in  his  district.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ross 
arie  zealous  members  of  the  Baptist  Church. 

ELI  'N.  TITUS,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  Greensboro,  Penn., 
was  born  in  Dunkard  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  January  22, 
1844.  He  is  a  son  of  Eli  and  Sarah  (Myers)  Titus,  natives  of  this 
county  and  among  the  families  most  noted  in  its  history.  Mr.  Titus 
is  the  seventh  in  a  family  of  eleven  children.  His  parents  reside  in 
Dunkard  Township,  on  the  farm  where  Eli  was  reared  and  attended 
the  district  schools.  He  also  took  a  thorough  course  of  instruction 
in  Iron  City  College  at  Pittsburg,  Penn.,  and  graduated  in  1863. 
He  then  enlisted  in  the  Fourteenth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry  and  was 
assigned  to  Company  E  of  the  One  Hundred  and  Sixty-ninth  Regi- 
ment. During  his  service  with  this  regiment  Mr.  Titus  was  in  forty 
battles  and  skirmishes,  and  at  different  times  narrowly  escaped  death. 
He  served  as  a  non-commissioned  officer,  quartermaster-sergeant,  and 
was  discharged  by  general  order  at  the  close  of  the  war.  In  1866 
Mr.  Titus  married  Miss  Miranda,  daughter  of  John  and  Leah 
(Keener)  Durr.  Her  father  was  a  native  of  Fayette  and  her  mother 
of  Greene  County,  and  they  were  of  German  origin.  A  year  after 
his  marriage  Mr.  Titus  went  to  West  Virginia  and  engaged  in  farm- 
ing and  stock  dealing.  In  1870  he  returned  to  Greene  County, 
Penn.,  and  continued  in  the  same  business  in  which  he  has  met  with 
great  success.  His  farm  is  well  stocked  and  improved  and  his  house 
is  one  of  the  most  substantial  in  the  county.  He  owns  245  acres  of 
land  in  Dunkard  and  Monongahela  townships,  Mr.  Titus  is  a  Re- 
publican in  politics,  and  was  once  sent  as  a  senatorial  delegate  from 
Greene  and  Fayette  counties  to  the  Republican  State  Convention. 
He  is  also  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  of  Greensboro.  The  family  are 
members  ef  the  Baptist  Church,  in  which  Mr.  Titus  takes  an  active 
interest  and  is  one  of  the  trustees  of  the  Greensboro  Baptist  Church. 

E.  L.  TITUS,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  Greensboro,  Penn.,  was 
born  in  Dunkard  Township,  Greene  County,  Pennsylvania,  December 
26,  1845,  and  is  a  son  of  Eli  and  Sarah  (Myers)  Titus.  His  grand- 
parents, Peter  and  Pleasant  (Corbly)  Myers,  were  among  the  earliest 
settlers  of  Greene  County.  Llis  ancestors  were  of  English  descent 
and  usually  farmers  by  occupation.  Mr.  E.  L.  Titus  is  the  eighth 
in  a  family  of  eleven  children.  He  was  reared  in  Greene  County, 
attending  the  common  schools  in  Dunkard  Township.  He  after- 
wards spent  some  time   at  the   State   Normal   School  at   California, 


778  HISTORY  OF  greene  county. 

Pemi.  lie  made  choice  of  farming  and  stock-growing  as  an  occupa- 
tion and  has  made  it  the  business  of  his  life.  In  1875  Mr.  Titus 
married  Elizabeth  Jane,  daughter  of  Jesse  Steele.  Mrs.  Titns  is  of 
English  and  Irish  descent.  They  have  a  family  of  fonr  children, 
viz.,  Arcy  Y,,  Oscar  Y.,  Scott  and  Charles  Eli.  In  politics  Mr. 
Titus  is  a  Republican. 

J.  D.  WELTNEK,  a  farnier  and  stock-grower  of  Monongahela 
Township,  this  county,  was  born  February  23,  1824,  and  is  a  son  of 
John  and  Elizabeth  (Dunaway)  Weltner.  His  parents  were  natives 
of  Greene  County,  Pennsylvania,  and  of  Dutch  and  English  descent. 
His  father,  who  was  also  a  farmer  and  stock-dealer,  was  twice  mar- 
ried. J.  D.  Weltner  was  the  second  chikl  by  the  first  marriage  and 
was  reared  on  the  home  farm,  attending  the  common  schools  of 
Greene  and  Fayette  counties.  He  chose  farming  as  a  business  and 
also  dealt  in  stock  to  some  extent.  He  spent  two  winters  in  this 
business  in  Pittsburg,  Penn.,  and  met  with  marked  success.  Mr. 
Weltner  has  also  proved  a  success  as  a  farmer  and  his  children  ov^^n 
iiSO  acres  of  well  improved  land  in  Monongahela  Township,  where 
he  has  resided  since  1856.  Here  he  always  keeps  a  number  of 
cattle,  usually  sending  fifty  or  seventy-five  head  to  tiie  markets  each 
year.  In  1854  Mr.  Weltner  was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss 
Margaret,  daughter  of  William  and  Catharine  (Pobinson)  Gray,  na- 
tives of  this  county.  Her  father  was  a  wealthy  and  influential 
business  man  and  succeeded  in  accumulating  a  handsome  fortune. 
To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Weltner  were  l)orn  seven  children,  viz.,  Charles  W., 
Daisie,  Minnie,  Perlie  and  Eunice  Ann,  and  two  deceased.  In  politics 
Mr.  Weltner  is  a  Republican.  His  wife  died  in  1882,  a  faithful 
member  of  the  Presbyterian  Ciiurch, 

BENJAMIN  G.  WILLIAMS,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  Greens- 
boro, Penn.,  was  born  March  19,  1863,  and  is  a  son  of  Charles  and 
Melissa  (Johnston)  Williams,  who  were  of  Scotch  and  English  ex- 
tracton.  His  father,  a  farmer  and  speculator,  who  was  born  in  1835, 
(lied  in  1885  at  Greensboro,  where  he  spent  the  last  nineteen  years 
of  his  life.  Mrs.  Williams  died  in  1878.  They  were  the  parents  of 
three  children — Hattie  M.,  Laura  May,  wife  of  George  C.  Steele,  a 
merchant  of  Morgantown,  W.  Ya.,  and  Benjamin,  the  subject  of  our 
sketch.  He  first  attended  school  in  Greensboro,  and  spent  some 
time  in  the  West  Yirginia  University.  He  is  registered  as  a  law 
student  at  AYaynesbnrg,  Penn.,  and  is  pursuing  his  studies.  Early 
in  life  Mr.  Williams  engaged  in  the  drug  business — first  in  Greens- 
boro, then  in  Dunbar,  Fayette  County,  where  he  remained  three 
years.  At  his  father's  death  he  was  appointed  administrator  of  the 
estate.  He  has  carefully  looked  after  the  farm  of  200  acres  and 
valuable  coal    mines,  and  is  at  present  engaged  in  building  a  railway 


\I^ I'T inSTOKY    OF    tHIEENi:    COUNTY.  770 

from  the  farm  to  the  riv^er,  in  order  to  ship  the  coal  more  coiivonieiit- 
ly.  Mr.  Williams  is  a  Democrat  in  politics,  and  one  of  the  most 
enterprising  and  successful  young  men  of  the  county. 


MORGAN    TOWNSHIP. 

JOSEPH  ADAMSON,  merchant,  Lippincott,  Penn.,  was  horn 
in  Greene  County,  Penn.,  August  1, 18-i3.  His  parents  were  Thomas 
and  Mary  (Hoge)  Adamson,  the  former  deceased.  In  186G,  March 
24,  Joseph  Adamson  married  Mary  E.  Bell,  who  was  horn  in  Morgan 
Township,  July  19,  1849,  She  is  a  daughter  of  Henry  and  Deborah 
(Adamson)  Bell.  Her  father  is  a  resident  of  Washington  County. 
Mrs.  Bell  died  April  15,  1886.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Adamson  have 
been  born  eight  children,  four  living — Maggie  H.,  wife  of  J.  L.  Pyle, 
of  Waynesbnrg;  John  B.,  Henry  L.  and  Letitia  D.  The  deceased 
are  William  T.,  James  L.  and  two  infants.  Mr.  Adamson  was  reared 
on  a  farm  and  engaged  in  farming  until  1881,  at  which  time  he  began 
merchandising  in  Morgan  Township.  In  addition  to  his  large  gen- 
eral store,  he  owns  fifty  acres  of  land  where  he  and  his  family  reside. 
He  and  wife  are  descendants  of  pioneer  families  of  this  county. 

SMITH  ADAMSO^S  farmer,  P.  O,  Lippincott,  was  born  in 
Franklin  Township,  this  county,  October  5,  1850,  and  is  a  son  of 
Thomas  and  Mary  Adamson  [nee  Hoge).  His  father  was  born  in 
Greene  County,  October  5,  1816,  and  his  mother  in  Centre  Town- 
ship, September  9,  1818.  They  were  married  December  24,  1840, 
in  the  same  house  where  the  widow  resides.  Mr.  Adamson  died 
February  14,  1856.  They  were  the  parents  of  five  children — all  of 
whom  are  living,  except  John,  the  eldest,  who  died  October  23, 1863, 
in  the  State  of  Alabama,  M'hile  in  the  service  of  his  country  during 
the  Rebellion.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  united  in  marriage, 
October  12,  1875,  with  Sarah  M.  Ilandolph.  She  was  born  in  Jeffer- 
son Township,  February  4,  1856,  and  is  a  danghter  of  James  and 
Elizabeth  (Braden)  Randolph,  residents  of  Franklin  Township.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Adamson  are  the  parents  of  four  children — Walter,  Laura, 
and  Thomas,  living;  and  Nora,  deceased.  Mr.  Adamson,  who  is  an 
enterprising  and  successful  farmer  and  stock  dealer,  owns  a  good  farm 
of  142  acres.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Adamson  are  faithful  members  of  the 
Baptist  Church. 


780  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

J.  H.  BELL,  farmer,  JefFerson,  Penn.,  was  born  in  Morgan  To \Vn- 
ship,  this  county,  April  12,  1836.  His  parents  were  Morgan  and 
Mary  Bell  Onee  Richards).  His  fatlier  was  also  a  native  of  Morgan 
Township.  He  was  born  December  24,  1808.  Mrs.  Bell  was  born 
iu  Chester  County,  Penn.,  March  14,  1804.  They  were  married  in 
Greene  County,  where  tliey  remained  until  Mrs.  Bell's  death,  April 
8,  1S78,  Her  husband  died  February  5,  1880.  They  were  the  par- 
ents of  eight  children,  four  of  whom  are  living.  J.  R.  Bell  is  the 
fifth,  and  was  united  in  marriage,  September  3,  1863,  with  Miss 
Helen  Davis,  born  in  Greene  Township,  this  county,  August  23, 1839. 
She  is  a  daughter  of  Henry  J.  and  Amelia  (Mj^ers)  Davis.  Mr.  Davis 
was  born  in  Jefferson  Township,  September  27,  1800,  and  his  wife 
was  born  in  Greene  Township,  October  22,  1814.  They  were  mar- 
ried in  this  county,  where  they  remained  until  the  deatli  of  Mr.  Davis, 
November  6,  1862.  His  widow  died  at  the  home  of  her  daughter  in 
Morgan  Township,  April  9,  1871.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Davis  were 
born  three  children,  tvVo  now  living.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bell  have  three 
children:  Maggie  A.,  wife  of  W.  K.  Scott;  Mary  E.  and  Hern*y  D. 
Mr.  Bell  was  raised  on  a  farm  and  received  valuable  instructions  from 
his  father  in  the  art  of  husbandry,  which  he  has  made  his  occupation 
through  life.  He  acquired  his  education  in  the  common  schools  and 
"VVaynesl)urg  College,  and  engaged  in  teaching  for  a  few  years.  He 
tilled  the  office  of  auditor  of  the  county  one  year,  under  the  old  con- 
stitution; was  re-elected  and  served  three  years  under  the  new.  Mr. 
Bell  and  family  are  consistent  members  of  the  Baptist  Church. 

B.  F.  BELL,  farmer,  Lippincott,  Penn.,  was  born  in  Morgan 
Township,  this  county,  February  20,  1840,  and  is  a  son  of  Llenry 
and  Deborah  (Adamson)  Bell.  His  parents  were  natives  of  Greene 
County,  where  they  were  married  and  remained  until  Mrs.  Bell's  death, 
April  15,  1886.  Mr.  Bell  subsequently  married  Marinda  Spriggs 
[nee  Keys),  and  they  now  reside  in  Washington  County.  He  is  the 
father  of  four  children.  B.  F.  is  the  oldest  of  the  three  living.  He 
was  united  in  marriage,  February  10,  1867,  with  Mary  E.  Adamson, 
who  was  born  in  Franklin  Township,  this  county,  August  27,  1846. 
Mrs.  Bell  is  a  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Sarah  (Hoge)  Adamson,  na- 
tives of  Greene  County.  Her  mother  is  now  deceased.  To  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Bell  have  been  born  three  children — Clementine,  Samanthia  and 
William.  Mr.  BeJl  was  raised  on  a  farm,  and  has  engaged  in  farm- 
ing from  the  time  he  first  started  out  in  life.  He  owns  ninety-five 
acres  of  good  land  where  he  and  family  reside.  He  served  his  country 
in  the  late  Rebellion,  in  Company  B,  Pennsylvania  Heavy  Artillery. 
Mr,  and  Mrs.  Bell  are  faithful  members  of  the  Baptist  Church. 

S.  H.  BRADEN,  farmer,  P.  O.  Lippincott,  is  a  native  of  Morgan 
Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  where  he  was  born  June  7,  1831. 
His  parents  were  William  and  Rachel  (House)  ])raden.     His  father 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  781 

was  born  in  Wasliington  County,  and  his  niotlier  in  Greene,  wlicre 
they  were  married  and  made  their  home  until  Mrs.  Braden's  death, 
in  1838.  Her  husband  afterwards  married  JSTancy  Douglas,  who  died 
in  1842.  Mr.  Braden  married  for  his  third  wife,  Miss  Margaret 
Gibson,  who  departed  this  life  in  1881,  Mr,  Braden  still  resides  in 
Franklin  ToMniship,  this  county.  In  1856  Samuel  H.  Braden  mar- 
ried Charlotte  (liuss)  Adamson,  who  was  born  in  Greene  County, 
May  10,  1826.  She  is  a  daughter  of  David  aud  Delilah  (Rinehart) 
Huss,  natives  of  AYashington  and  Greene  counties,  respectively. 
After  marriage  they  settled  in  Greene  County  and  remained  until 
the  death  of  Mr.  IIuss  in  1871.  Mrs.  Huss  then  went  West  on  a  visit, 
where  she  died  in  1876.  Mr.  Braden  is  the  father  of  four  children — ■ 
Albert,  who  married  Anna  Shriver;  Eva,  Smith  and  Lizzie.  Mr. 
Jjraden  is  one  of  the  substantial  and  enterprising  citizens  of  Morgan 
Township.  He  owns  140  acres  of  land  where  he  and  family  reside. 
Mrs.  Braden  is  a  consistent  member  of  the  Baptist  Church. 

HENRY  BUCKINGHAM,  farmer,  Clarksville,  Penn.,  was  born 
in  "Washington  County,  Penn.,  December  19,  180*J.  He  is  a  son  of 
Isaac  and  Hannah  (Ileaton)  Buckingham.  His  father  was  born  in 
Washington  County,  and  his  mother  in  Greene  County,  where  they 
were  married.  They  settled  in  Washington  County,  where  they 
remained  until  their  death.  Mr.  Buckingham  died  in  1833  and  his 
widow  in  1846.  They  were  the  parents  of  eight  children,  two  living — 
Hannah,  wife  of  John  A.  Greenlee;  and  Henr}^  the  subject  of 
our  sketch.  He  was  united  in  marriage,  December  25,  1833,  with 
Mary  Morton,  who  was  born  in  Washington  Count}',  October,  18, 

1814.  Mrs.  Buckingham's  father,  Thomas  Morton,  was  a  native  of 
Washington  County,  and  her  mother,  Mary  (Cree)  Morton,  was  born 
in  Greene  County,  where  they  died — Mr.  Morton  December  2,  1869, 
and  his  widow,  June  6,  1880.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Buckingham  have 
been  born  six  children,  live  living — Isaac,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Stephen 
Morton;  Thomas  C,  Robert,  Francis  J.,  and  Isabella  J.  (de- 
ceased). Mr.  Buckingham  was  reared  on  a  farm,  and  has  been  en- 
gaged in  farming  and  stock  dealing  all  his  lite.  He  and  his  son  Isaac 
own  143  acres  of  land  where  the  family  reside.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Buck- 
ingham are  leading  members  in  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church, 

A.  S.  BURSON,  merchant,  Clarksville,  Penn.,  is  a  descendant 
of  one  of  the  pioneers  of  that  village,  where  he  was  born  November 
16,  1837.  He  is  a  son  of  Edward  C.  and  Maria  Burson  (nee  Stew- 
art).    The  former  was  born  in  Columbiana  County,  Ohio,  April  20, 

1815,  and  the  latter  in  Millsboro,  Washington  County,  Penn.,  April 
3,  1815.  His  parents  were  married  June  7,  1836,  in  Clarksville, 
where  they  settled  and  remained  until  their  death.  Mrs.  I'urson 
died  July  23,  1874,  and  her  husband  January  19,  1880.  Of  their 
six  children,  A.  S.  is  the  oldest.     He  was  united  in  marriage  Decem- 


782  IIISTOUY    OF    GKEENE    COUNTY. 

l)cr  19,  180G,  witli  Mary  A.  Greenlee,  who  was  born  in  Washino-ton 
County  September  11,  1839.  She  is  a  daughter  of  John  and  Mary 
(Balentinej  Greenlee,  the  latter  deceased.  Mr.  and  Mrs,  Burson 
have  three  children,  two  livino- — Harry  L.  and  May;  AVilliatn  S., 
deceased.  Mr.  Burson  was  reared  in  Clarksville,  and  early  in  life 
began  merchandising  with  his  father.  He  has  continued  in  that 
business  all  his  life,  with  the  exception  of  five  years  in  which  he 
learned  and  worked  at  the  carpenter  trade.  He  owns  a  general  store 
in  Clarksville.  He  has  filled  the  offices  of  auditor  and  school  di- 
rector of  his  township,  and  has  served  as  postmaster  for  about  six 
years.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity  for  twenty- 
seven  years.  Mrs.  Burson  is  a  consistent  member  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church. 

CEPHAS  CARY,  retired  farmer,  Clarksville,  Penn.,  is  one  of 
the  pioneer  farmers  of  Greene  County.  He  was  born  in  Washing- 
ton Township,  August  G,  1812.  His  parents.  Able  and  Eunice  Cary, 
(^iiee  Woodruff),  were  natives  of  this  county,  where  they  were  mar- 
ried and  resided  until  their  death.  Mr.  Cary  died  in  1820.  Mrs. 
Cary  was  afterwards  united  in  marriage  with  John  McGinnis.  She 
departed  this  life  in  1833.  Cephas  Cary  was  united  iji  marriage 
January  11,  1814,  with  Mary  Mitchener,  who  was  born  in  Jefferson 
Borough  October  8,  1820.  Siie  is  a  daughter  of  Mercena  and  Mary 
(Black)  Mitchener,  the  former  a  native  of  West  Virginia  and  the 
latter  of  Maryland.  They  were  married  in  Greene  County,  Penn., 
wliere  they  spent  the  remainder  of  tlieir  lives.  Mrs.  Mitchener  died 
May  5,  1859,  and  Mr.  Mitchener  April  15,  1880.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Cary  have  been  born  five  children,  four  living — Lizzie  M.,  Sophrona, 
wife  of  Daniel  Hoover;  Mercena  M.  and  Jesse  W.,  and  Sarah  J. 
(deceased),  who  was  the  wife  of  Hiram  Baker.  Mr.  Cary  is  a  cabinet- 
maker by  trade,  but  after  mai*riage  he  engaged  in  farming.  He 
owns  100  acres  of  land,  besides  valuable  property  in  Clarksville. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cary  are  consistent  members  of  the  Methodist  Epis- 
copal Church;  also  each  one  of  their  children.  J.  W.  is  a  minister 
laboring  in  the  Pittsburg  Conference. 

JOHN  CLAYTON,  deceased,  farmer  and  stock-dealer,  Lippin-, 
cott,  Penn.,  was  born  in  Morgan  Township,  Greene  County,  June 
27,  1826.  He  is  a  son  of  William  and  Sarah  Clayton  (nee  Mickins), 
who  were  natives  of  this  county,  where  they  resided  until  their 
death,  William  Clayton  was  born  December  30,  1796,  and  died 
February  1,  1851.  His  wife  was  born  January  15,  1798,  and  de- 
parted this  life  October  12,  1869.  They  were  the  parents  of  ten 
children,  three  daughters  and  seven  sons,  of  whom  John  is  the 
oldest.  He  w^as  united  in  marriage  January  20,  1853,  with  Miss 
Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Hugh  and  Priscilla  (Hoge)  Monto:omery, 
Mrs,  Clayton  was  born  in  Morgan  Township,  October  14,  1833.     Her 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  788 

father,  who  was  a  iialive  of  Harford  County,  Maryland,  was  one  of 
the  early  settlers  of  Morgan  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.  He 
died  in  June,  1882.  His  widow  is  a  native  of  this  county,  and  re- 
sides in  Waynesburg,  Penn.  Mr.  John  Clayton  and  wife  are  the 
parents  of  four  children,  two  deceased— Priscilla  and  Samnel;  and 
two  living,  Sarah  A.,  wife  of  Benjamin  F.  Lippencott;  and  Maria, 
wife  of  J.  L.  Corbett.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Corbett  are  the  parents  of  live 
children.  Mr.  Clayton  was  raised  on  a  farm,  and  owned  at  the  time 
of  his  death,  which  occurred  June  23,  1888,  400  acres  of  land  in 
Morgan  Township  whei'e  the  family  lived.  He  has  served  his  coun- 
ty as  auditor  one  term,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity 
and  I.  O.  O.  F.  Mrs.  Clayton  is  a  fciithful  member  of  the  Baptist 
Church. 

JOHN^  B.  COX,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  Jefferson,  Penn.,  was 
born  in  Morgan  Township,  this  county,  August  17,  1821.  He  is  a 
son  of  Jesse  and  Dorcas  (Bell)  Cox,  also  natives  of  Morgan  Town- 
ship, where  they  were  married  and  remained  through  life.  Mr. 
Jesse  Cox  died  in  Greene  County,  Maryland,  in  1826,  and  was  buried 
in  that  State.  His  widow,  who  was  afterwards  married  to  Thomas 
Patterson,  died  in  Iowa,  while  on  a  visit  to  her  daughters  in  1872. 
Mr.  Patterson  died  near  Carmichaels,  Penn.  John  B.,  the  subject 
of  this  sketch,  was  two  years  old  when  his  father  died.  He  lived 
wath  his  grandfather,  John  Bell,  until  twenty-one  years  of  age.  He 
was  then  united  in  marriage  April  17,  18-45,  with  Maria  Crayne, 
who  was  born  in  Morgan  Township,  April  29,  1825.  Her  parents 
were  Samuel  and  Mary  (Huss)  Crayne,  deceased.  Mr.  and  Mrs, 
Cox  are  the  parents  of  eight  children,  six  of  whom  are  living — Mary 
A.,  wife  of  T.  C.  Buckingham;  Samuel  C,  Dorcas  L.,  widow  of 
Adam  Horn;  Emeline,  Nvife  of  J oseph_^ Gordon;  Stephen  and  Frank. 
The  deceased  are  John  B.  and  CaTvin.  Mr.  Cox  was  raised  on  a 
farm,  and  has  been  greatly  prospered  in  his  farming  and  stock-raising 
for  many  years.  He  owns  880  acres  of  fine  land  on  Castile.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 

MILLEIl  CRAYNE,  farmer,  Lippincott,  Penn.,  who  was  born 
in  Morgan  Township  April  22,  1817,  is  a  son  of  Samuel  and  Mary 
Crayne  [nee  Huss).  His  mother  was  a  native  of  Maryland,  and  his 
father  was  born  in  Greene  County',  Penn.,  where  they  were  married 
and  spent  the  remainder  of  their  lives.  Mr.  Samuel  Crayne  de- 
parted this  life  October  27,  1853,  and  his  wife  June  14,  1805.  They 
were  the  parents  of  ten  children,  eight  living.  Miller  is  the  third, 
and  was  united  in  the  holy  bonds  of  matrimony  May  14,  1840,  with 
Miss  Lueinda  Bell.  Mrs.  Crayne  was  born  in  Greene  County  Jan- 
uary 18,  1821.  She  is  a  daughter  of  John  and  Ann  (Cox)  Bell,  also 
natives  of  this  county,  where  they  departed  this  life — Mrs.  Bell  in 
1871,  and  Mr.  Bell  in  1880.     Mr.  and  Mrs.  Crayne  are  the  parents 


784:  HISTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

of  four  children,  two  of  whom  are  living — Louisa,  wife  of  Dr.  Silveus 
Smith;  and  John  B.,  who  married  Martha  A.  Lippencott.  Elmey 
and  an  infant  are  deceased.  Mr.  Crayne  was  raised  on  a  farm,  and 
lias  been  an  industrious  tiller  of  the  soil  all  his  life.  He  owns  eighty 
acres  of  improved  land  where  he  and  family  live.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Crayne  are  consistent  members  of  the  Baptist  Church. 

STEPHEJS  CIIAYNE,  farmer,  Jefferson,  Penn.,  is  one  of  the 
pioneer  farmers  of  Greene  County,  and  was  born  in  Washington, 
Township,  Jaiiuai-y  4,  1813.  He  is  a  son  of  Samuel  and  Mary  (Huss) 
Crayne,  the  oldest  of  their  ten  children.  The  subject  of  our  sketch 
was  united  in  the  holy  bonds  of  matrimony,  March  18,  1834,  with 
Miss  Mary  Bell,  who  was  born  in  Morgan  Township,  May  26,  1810. 
ller  parents  were  Isaac  and  Elizabeth  (Herrod)  Bell,  natives  of 
Greene  County,  where  they  remained  until  their  death.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Crayne  are  the  parents  of  six  children,  four  of  whom  are  living — 
Isaac  B.,  liachel,  wife  of  James  Fulton;  Davdd,  Anna  M.,  wife  of 
George  Hughes,  and  Caroline  and  Martha,  deceased.  Mr.  Crayne 
was  reared  on  a  farm.  He  is  one  of  the  best  known  and  most  in- 
dustrious farmers  in  the  township,  and  owns  a  good  farm  of  157 
acres.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Crayne  are  faithful  members  of  the  Baptist 
Church. 

D.WID  CRAYNE,  farmer,  Waynesburg,  Fenn.,  was  born  in 
Morgan  Township,  February  2,  1818.  Ilis  parents  were  Samuel  and 
Mary  (Huss)  Crayne.  The  former  was  a  native  of  Greene  County, 
and  the  latter  of  Maryland.  They  were  the  parents  of  ten  children — 
four  boys  and  six  girls — of  whom  eight  are  living.  David  is  the 
fourth  in  the  family,  and  was  united  in  marriage,  December  8,  1841, 
with  Caroline  Harry.  Mrs.  Crayne  was  born  in  Moigan  Township, 
March  8,  1825.  Her  parents,  Jacob  and  Catharine  (Buskirk)  Harry, 
were  natives  of  eastern  Pennsylvania.  They  were  married  in  Greene 
County,  where  they  remained  until  tlieir  death.  To  JNIr.  and  Mi-s. 
Crayne  have  been  born  eight  children,  six  of  whom  are  living — ■ 
Samuel,  Jacob,  Emily  A.,  Thomas,  Stephen  and  Joseph.  The  de- 
ceased were  Martha  and  Mary  C.  Mr.  Crayne  was  reared  on  a  farm, 
and  has  been  successful  as  a  farmer  and  stock-dealer  through  life. 
He  owns  270  acres  of  land  where  he  and  family  reside.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Crayne  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Protestant  Church.  He 
also  belongs  to  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 

SAMUEL  FULTON,  farmer,  P.  O.  Castile,  was  born  January 
10,  1818,  on  the  farm  where  he  and  family  reside  in  Morgan  Town- 
ship. John  Fulton,  his  father,  was  a  native  of  Virginia,  and  his 
mother,  Isabella  (Barr)  Fulton,  was  born  in  Ireland.  They  were 
married  in  Washington  County,  Penn.,  afterwards  settling  in  Greene 
County,  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  Samuel,  where  they  remained 
tlu-ough  life.      Only  two  of  their  nine  chiklren  are  living.      In  1830 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COTJNTY.  785 

Samuel  Fulton  inarried  Harriet  IIuss,  a  native  of  this  countj,  and 
daughter  of  John  and  Elizabeth  (Eaton)  IIuss.  Mrs.  Harriet  Fulton 
died  in  the  same  year  in  which  she  was  married.  In  1838  Mr. 
Fulton  was  again  united  in  marriage,  his  second  wife  being  Miss 
Louellen  McClelland,  who  was  born  in  Washington  Township,  this 
county,  in  1818.  Her  parents  were  John  and  Nancy  (Montgomery) 
McClelland,  deceased.  Mr.  Fulton  is  the  father  of  eleven  children, 
nine  of  whom  are  living — Eliza,  Isabella,  wife  of  Clark  Denney; 
Cerry,  James,  Nancy,  wife  of  James  Tharp;  Evan,  Henrietta,  wifeot 
George  Weaver;  L.  Herrod  and  AVilliam.  The  deceased  are  Albert 
and  John.  We  take  pleasure  in  mentioning  Mr.  Fulton  among  the 
pioneers  of  Morgan  Township.  He  was  raised  on  a  larm,  and  after 
Ids  second  marriage  moved  to  Kichland  County,  Ohio.  Remaining 
there  about  nine  years,  he  returned  to  Morgan  Township,  Greene 
County,  Penn.,  where  he  owns  a  nice  farm  of  24:5  acres.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Fulton  are  consistent  members  of  Cumberland  Presbyterian 
Church. 

JAMES  GREENLEE,  farmer,  P.  O.  Castile,  Penn.,  was  born  in 
Washington  County,  Penn.,  ]Sroveml)er  11,  1818,  and  is  a  son  of 
Samuel  and  Nancy  Greenlee  {iiee  Gantz).  His  parents  were  natives 
of  Fayette  County,  Penn.,  but  moved  to  AVashington  County,  Penn., 
wdiere  they  remained  until  death.  On  March  25,  1851,  Mr.  Green- 
lee married  Catharine  Bell,  a  native  of  Greene  County,  and  daughter 
of  Levi  II.  and  Sarah  Bell  {^nee  Fulton).  By  this  marriage  Mr. 
Greenlee  is  the  father  of  five  children,  four  living — James  L., 
Margaret,  wife  of  Abraham  Burson;  Samuel  B.  and  AVilliam — and 
Levi,  (deceased).  Their  mother  died  in  18(33.  In  1865  Mr.  Green- 
lee married  Catharine  Fulton,  a  native  of  AVashington  County,  and 
daughter  of  Stephen  and  Ruth  Fulton  {iiee  Cary).  James  and  Mrs. 
Catharine  Greenlee  are  the  parents  of  three  children,  two  living — - 
Lewis  and  John  B. — and  Stephen,  (deceased).  Mrs.  Greenlee  died  in 
1882.  On  October  6,  1887,  Mr.  Greenlee  married  for  his  third  wife, 
Eliza  Armstrong  {^lee  Gregg),  daughter  of  Alfred  Gregg.  Mr. 
Greenlee  was  reared  on  a  farm,  and  has  made  farming  his  business 
through  life.  He  owns  161  acres  of  land  where  and  family  reside. 
His  present  wife  and  both  the  deceased  were  devoted  members  of 
the  church. 

JAMES  GREENLEE,  farmer,  P.  O.  Clarksville,  was  born  in 
Greene  County,  Penn.,  November  2,  1841.  He  is  a  son  of  John  and 
Mary  Greenlee  ynee  Balentine).  His  mother  was  a  native  of  Scot- 
land. His  father  was  born  in  AVashington  County,  Penn.,  where 
they  were  married.  They  afterwards  settled  in  Greene  County, 
where  ]Mr.  Greenlee  has  since  remained.  Mrs.  Greenlee  died  in 
Sei)teml»er,  1855.  His  second  wife  was  Eliza  J.  Cain.  Mr.  James 
Greenlee  was  united  in  the  holy  bonds  of  matrimony,  January    10, 


786  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

1871,  with  Maiy  E.  Arnold,  who  was  born  in  "Washington  County, 
December  27,  1847.  Mrs.  Greenlee  is  a  daughter  of  Michael  and 
Harriet  (Miller)  Arnold,  who  reside  in  Clarksville.  To  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  James  Greenlee  have  been  born  two  children — Ida  V.,  born 
March  0,  1875;  and  John  C.,  who  was  born  June  15,  1872,  and  died 
December  11  of  the  same  year.  Mr.  Greenlee  w^as  reared  on  a  farm, 
and  has  made  farming  his  business  through  life.  He  owns  sixty  acres 
of  land  in  Morgan  Township,  and  valuable  property  in  Clarksville. 
He  and  wife  are  consistent  members  of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian 
Church. 

HENRY  GRIMES,  farmer  and  stock-dealer,  Lippincott,  Penn., 
— Among  the  representative,  business  men  of  Greene  County, 
we  take  pleasure  in  giving  the  sketch  of  Henry  Grimes,  who  was 
born  in  Centre  Township,  this  county,  September  4,  1820.  He  is 
a  son  of  Peter  and  Mary  (Sharon)  Grimes.  The  former  was  born  in 
New  Jersey,  February  17,  1789,  and  the  latter  near  Baltimore, 
Maryland,  February  5,  1786.  They  were  married  in  Greene  County 
where  they  remained  through  life.  Four  of  their  live  children  are 
now  living.  Henry  Grimes  was  united  in  marriage,  March  27,  1846, 
with  Nancy  McClelland,  born  in  Washington  Township,  February  1, 
1823,  and  a  daughter  of  John  and  Nancy  McClelland  {iiee  Mont- 
gomery). To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  (rrimes  have  been  born  live  children, 
four  living — ^Caleb,  Carey,  who  married  Lizzie  S.  Sellers;  Samuel, 
who  married  Clara  Adams;  Mary  E.,  wife  of  Samuel  C.  Hawkins, 
and  Sarah  J.  (deceased).  Mrs.  Grimes  departed  this  life  September 
18,  1873,  a  consistent  member  of  the  Baptist  Church.  Mr.  Grimes 
was  reared  on  a  farm,  and  owns  about  1,500  acres  of  land,  812  acres 
of  which  are  in  Greene  County.  When  sixteen  years  of  age,  Mr. 
Grimes  received  $300,  in  gold  from  his  father;  and  by  means  of  in- 
dustry and  careful  management  in  his  farming  and  stock-dealing  has 
accumulated  quite  a  handsome  fortune,  being  considered  one  of  the 
wealthiest  men  in  Greene  County. 

C.  C.  HARRY,  farmer,  Jefferson,  Penn.,  was  born  September 
13,  1831,  in  the  house  Mdiere  he  and  his  family  live  in  Morgan 
Township.  He  is  a  son  of  Jacob  and  Catharine  Harry  {ixee  Van  Bus- 
kirk.)  The  former  was  a  native  of  Chester  and  the  latter  of  North- 
ampton County,  Penn.  They  were  married  in  Greene  County, 
where  they  departed  this  life — Mr.  Harry  in  1834,  and  Mrs.  Harry 
December  1,  1859.  They  were  the  parents  of  five  children,  of 
whom  C.  C.  is  the  youngest.  In  1857  Mr.  Harry  married  Martha 
Iloulsworth,  a  native  of  Greene  County,  and  daughter  of  Hugh  C. 
and  Isabella  Iloulsworth,  deceased.  By  this  marriage  Mr.  Harry  is 
the  father  of  four  children,  two  of  whom  are  living — Catharine,  wife 
of  Andrew  Rich,  and  Belle.  Tlie  deceased  are  Emma  and  James. 
Tlieir  mother  died  March  4,  1868.       Mr.   Harry  afterwards  married 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  787 

Elizabetli  Bayard,  October  11, 1877;  she  was  ])orn  in  Whitcley  Town- 
ship, November  26,  1844,  and  is  a  daughter  of  John  S.  and  Malinda 
Bayard  (iiee  Leonard).  They  were  natives  of  this  county,  where  they 
remained  until  Mrs.  Bayard's  death,  March  26,  1883.  Mr.  Bayard 
is  still  living.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Harry  are  the  parents  of  two  children 
— Charles  C.  and  John  B.  Mr.  Harry  has  been  very  successful  in 
liis  farming  and  stock-dealing,  and  owns  325  acres  of  excellent  land. 
He  is  a  members  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  Mrs.  Harry  belongs  to  the 
Presbyterian  Church,  of  which  the  deceased  wife  was  also  a  devoted 
member. 

WILLIAAI  HATFIELD,  farmer,  Morgan  Township,  Penn.,  was 
born  in  Whiteley  Township,  this  county,  February  4,  1848  His 
parents,  George  W.  and  Mary  (Richie)  Hatfield,  are  both  living  and 
reside  in  AVhiteley  Township.  February  8, 1872,  William  Hatfield 
married  Mary  J.  McClure,  a  native  of  Dunkard  Township.  Mrs. 
Hatfield  was  born  Septeml>er  2,  1843,  and  is  a  daughter  of  James 
and  Susan  (Brown)  McClure.  Mr.  McClure  died  August  8,  1886; 
his  widow  is  still  living.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hatfield  are  the  parents  of 
two  children — Ida  L.,  born  March  9,  1873,  and  Sudie  M.,  born  July 
24,  1876.  Mr.  Hatfield  was  reared  on  a  farm,  and  has  been  engaged 
in  farming  and  stock-dealing  through  life.  He  owns  about  163 
acres  of  land  where  he  and  his  family  reside.  Mr.  Hatfield  has  been 
greatly  prospered  in  his  business,  and  is  one  of  the  leading  citizens 
in  his  com  m  unit}'.  Mrs.  Hatfield  is  a  faithful  member  of  the  Baptist 
Church. 

JOHN  C.  HAWKINS,  farmer,  Zolhirsville,  Penn.,  was  born 
in  Greene  County,  Penn.,  December  15,  1825,  in  the  house  now  oc- 
cupied by  himself  and  family.  He  is  a  son  of  Richard  and  Cynthia 
Hawkins  (^}iee  Crawford).  His  father  was  born  in  Maryland,  and  his 
mother  in  Fayette  County,  Penn.  They  were  married  in  Washington 
County  where  they  remained  until  1814,  at  which  time  they  moved 
to  Greene  County  and  remained  until  their  death.  Mrs.  Hawkins 
departed  this  life  in  July  1845,  and  her  husband  February  6. 
1856.  They  were  the  parents  of  eleven  children,  four  of  whom  are 
living.  June  7,  1882,  John  C.  Hawkins  married  Elizabeth  McMur- 
ray,  who  was  born  in  Washington  County,  December  5,  1846.  She 
is  a  daughter  of  James  and  Catharine  (Whitely)  McMurray.  Her 
father  was  a  native  of  Ireland,  and  lier  mother  was  born  in  Alle- 
gheny County,  Penn.,  where  they  remained  a  few  years,  then  moved 
to  Washington  County.  Here  Mrs.  McMurray  died  November  26, 
1866,  and  Mr.  McMurray,  March  17,  1875.  Mr.  Hawkins  has  been 
engaged  in  farming  and  stock-dealing  through  life.  His  farm  in 
Morgan  Township  contains  about  289  acres  of  land  in  a  high  state  of 
cultivation.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hawkins  are  consistent  members  of  tlie 
Baptist  Church. 

43 


■^88  HtS^ORt  0^  C^MEiTEl  County. 

11.  C.  HAWKINS,  fanner  and  stock-deakr,  Jefferson,  Penri.j 
was  born  in  Morgan  Township,  this  county,  November  14,  1814, 
He  is  a  son  of  Ricliard  and  Cynthia  (Crawford)  Hawkins.  The 
former  was  born  in  Maryland  and  the  latter  in  Fayette  County,  Penn. 
They  were  united  in  marriage  in  Washington  County,  where  they 
remained  a  few  years  then  moved  to  Greene  County  and  spent  the 
rest  of  their  lives.  Mrs.  Cynthia  Hawkins  dejjarted  this  life  in  July 
1845,  and  Mr.  Hawkins  in  February,  1856.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  was  united  in  marriage  November  25,  1841,  with  Emeline 
Wise,  who  was  born  in  Washington  County,  November  28,  1820. 
Her  parents  were  Frederick  and  Elizabeth  (Burson)  Wise,  native  of 
Washington  and  Greene  counties,  respectively.  They  were  married 
in  Greene  County,  remained  a  short  time,  then  moved  to  Washing- 
ton County  where  Mr.  Wise  died  in  1877,  and  Mrs.  Wise  in  1881. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hawkins  are  the  parents  of  nine  children,  of  whom 
seven  are  now  living:  Joseph  W.,  Maggie  V.,  wife  of  William  C. 
Bailey;  Thomas,  Clara  E.,  wife  of  William  Bodley;  William  B., 
Tressa,  wife  of  Charles  T.  Harvey,  and  Samuel  C.  The  deceased 
are  Frederick  W.  and  James  F.  Mr.  Hawkins  was  reared  on  a'farm 
and  has  been  engaged  in  farming  and  stock-dealing  all  his  life.  He 
owns  the  line  farm  of  280  acres  where  he  and  his  family  reside.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Hawkins  are  faithful  members  of  the  Cumberland  Presby- 
terian Church. 

J.  F.  HAWKINS,  deceased,  was  born  in  Morgan  Township, 
Greene  County,  Pennsylvania,  April  13,  1845,  and  died  May  1, 
1888.  He  was  a  son  of  liichard  C.  and  Emeline  (Wise)  Hawkins. 
His  father  is  a  native  of  this  county,  and  his  mother  of  Washing- 
ton County,  Penn.,  where  they  were  married.  They  subsequently 
removed  to  Morgan  Township,  Greene  County,  M'here  they  still  re- 
side. J.  F.  is  the  third  of  their  large  family,  and  was  united  in 
marriage,  March  3,  1870,  with  Anna  E.  Greenlee.  Mrs.  Hawkins 
was  born  in  Morgan  Township,  September  10,  1846.  She  is  a 
daughter  of  Jacob  and  Mary  (Spencer)  Greenlee,  natives  of  Wash- 
ington and  Greene  counties,  respectively.  They  were  married  in 
Greene  County,  where  they  remained  until  Mr,  Greenlee's  death, 
August  20,  1887;  his  widow  survives  him.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Haw- 
kins were  born  seven  children,  five  of  whom  are  living — Walter  R., 
F.  Bernice,  Wilber  J.,  Emma  M.  and  Edna  B.  Warren  K.  and  an 
infant  are  deceased.  Mr,  Hawkins  was  reared  on  a  farm.  Like  his 
ancestors,  he  made  farming  and  stock-dealing  the  busines  of  his  life, 
owning  at  the  time  of  his  death  200  acres  of  well  improved  land 
where  his  family  now  reside,  Mrs,  Hawkins  and  W.  R.  are  con- 
sistent members  of  the  Baptist  Church, 

THOMAS  J.  HOLDER,  farmer,  P.  O.  Clarksville,  was  born  in 
Greene  County,  Penn.,  July  27,  1827.      He  is  a  son  of  Abraham  and 


itlSTOUir    OF    GREENE    COtNTV.  789 

Jane  (Oree)  Holder.  The  former  was  born  in  Virginia  and  tlie  latter 
in  Greene  County,  Pennsylvania,  where  they  settled  after  niarriat^-e 
and  remained  until  their  death.  Air.  Abraham  Holder  died  Jan- 
uary 9,  18i6,  and  his  wdfe  in  1866.  They  were  the  parents  of  seven 
children,  four  of  whom  are  living.  In  1851  Thomas  J.  Holder  mar- 
ried Malinda  Cox,  wlio  was  born  in  Wa^hin«;ton  County,  Penn.,  in 
1831.  Her  parents,  Andrew  and  Margaret  (Hupp)  Cox,  were  natives 
of  Washington  County,  w^here  they  remained  until  the  death  of  Mr. 
Cox.  His  w4dow  is  still  living.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Holder  have  been 
born  twelve  children — Lebenas  P.,  Margaret  J.,  Calvin,  Josephus, 
Perinelia,  Emma,  L.  Dora,  Lizzie,  Elmer,  Laura,  Charlie  and  Will- 
iam. Althougli  a  farmer  by  occupation,  Mr.  Holder  is  also  quite 
a  genius  in  his  way,  and  can  accomplish  almost  any  kind  of  work 
he  undertakes.  He  owns  131  acres  of  land,  on  which  are  good 
substantial  buildings.  He  has  filled  the  office  of  auditor  ofhistown- 
ship,  has  served  as  school  directors,  and  is  also  a  member  of  the 
Masonic  fraternity. 

O.  C.  HOKNEK,  farmer,  Clarksville,  Penn.,  was  born  in  Fayette 
County,  Penn.,  March  15,  1831).  He  is  a  son  of  Hiram  and  Malinda 
(Reynolds)  Horner,  the  former  a  native  of  Fayette  County,  and  the 
latter  of  Greene.  Thev  were  married  in  this  county,  but  made  their 
home  in  Fayette  until  Mr.  Horner's  death,  which  occnrred  in  No- 
vember, 1874.  His  widow  is  still  living  and  resides  on  the  old  home 
farm.  They  were  the  parents  of  five  children,  of  whom  O.  C.  is  the 
oldest  living.  He  was  united  in  marriage,  October  15,  1864,  wnth 
Amy  Cox,  born  in  Jefterson  Township,  January  2,  1843.  Her  pat- 
ents, Christopher  and  Mary  (Rush)  Cox,  were  natives  of  this  county, 
where  they  were  married  and  remained  through  life.  Mrs.  Cox  died 
in  1857,  and  her  husband  in  1861.  (3f  their  ten  children,  three  are 
now  living.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Horner  are  the  parents  of  eight  children 
— James  L.,  Sarah  F.,  Anna  M.,  Cora  B.,  Hiram  C,  Emma  A., 
William  and  Oliver  G.  Mr.  Horner  was  reared  on  a  farm,  and 
makes  a  business  of  farming  and  stock-raising.  He  owns  170  acres 
of  land  where  he  and  family  reside.  Mrs.  Horner  is  a  devoted 
member  of  the  Disciple  Church. 

HENRY  KEYS,  farmer,  P.  O.  Castile,  was  born  in  Morgan 
Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  June  10,  1837.  His  parents  were 
David  and  Mary  Keys  (^}iee  McGinnis).  The  former  was  a  native  of 
Washington  County,  and  the  latter  of  Greene  County.  After  mar- 
riage they  settled  in  Washington  County  and  remained  a  few  years, 
afterwards  removing  to  Morgan  Township,  Greene  County,  where 
they  spent  the  remainder  of  their  lives.  David  Keys  departed  this 
life  in  August,  1872,  and  his  widow  in  August,  1884.  They  were  the 
])arent3  of  ten  children,  six  of  whom  are  living.  On  January  14, 
1875,  Hem-y  Keys  was   united   in   marriage  with  Amelia  Litzenburg, 


790  HISTORY    OF    GEEENE    COUNTY. 

who  was  born  in  Morgan  Township  November  l-l,  1854:.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Keys  have  an  interesting  family  of  children — John  R., 
Mary  O.,  Wesley  H.,  Priscilla  it.  and  George  AV".  Mr,  Keys  devotes 
his  time  principally  to  farming,  and  owns  104  acres  of  line  land 
where  he  and  family  now  reside.  lie  enlisted  in  behalf  of  his  coun- 
try's cause,  in  Company  F,  One  Hundred  and  Fourth  Illinois,  and 
served  one  year.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Keys  are  faithful  members  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

SAMUEL  LEWIS,  farmer,  Castile,  Penn.,  was  born  on  the  farm 
where  he  and  family  reside  in  Morgan  Township,  this  county.  His 
parents  were  John  and  Hannah  (Arnold)  Lewis,  who  spent  all  their 
lives  on  the  farm  now  occupied  by  their  son.  Seven  of  their  .nine 
children  survive  them.  In  1854  Samuel  married  Martha  Blackledge 
(nee  Sharpnack).  Her  parents  were  natives  of  Greene  County.  Her 
father  was  born  October  15, 1797,  and  her  mother  February  14,  1801. 
After  marriage  they  settled  in  Jefferson  Township  and  remained  until 
their  death.  Mr.  IJlackledge  died  November  5,  1870,  and  his  widow 
April  11,  187G.  To,  Mr,  and  Mrs.  Lewis  have  been  born  six  chil- 
dren, three  living — Stiers,  Margaret  and  Levi.  The  deceased  are — 
Mary  M,,  John  and  Ellsworth.  Their  mother  departed  this  life  in 
1863,  Mr.  Lewis  is  a  farmer  by  occupation,  and  owns  325  acres  of 
excellent  land.  In  addition  to  the  care  of  his  land,  he  has  also  de- 
voted considerable  time  to  the  raising  of  stock,  and  is  one  of  the 
most  prosperous  citizens  of  his  township. 

SAMUEL  MONTGOMERY,  farmer,  F,  O.  Lippincott,  Penn,, 
is  a  descendant  of  one  of  the  old  families  of  Greene  County,  and  was 
"born  in  Morgan  Township,  July  17,  1835.  He  is  a  son  of  Hugh  and 
Priscilla  (Hoge)  Montgomery.  His  father  was  a  native  of  Maryland 
and  when  but  a  child  came  withhie  parents  to  Greene  County,  Penn,, 
where  they  were  united  in  marriage.  They  remained  in  this  county 
until  Mr,  Montgomery's  death,  which  occurred  in  1882.  His  widow 
survives  him,  Mr,  Samuel  Montgomery  was  twice  married,  his  first 
wife  being  Mary  Stentz,  a  native  of  Fayette  County,  and  daughter  of 
Thomas  Stentz,  By  this  marriage  there  are  two  children — Charles, 
and  Anna,  who  is  the  wife  of  Nelson  Goslin,  Mrs,  Montgomery  died 
Septeml)er  28,  1869.  After  her  death,  March  5,  1870,  Mr.  Mont- 
gomery married  Cyrene  Davis  {jiee  Dales),  who  was  born  in  Wash- 
ington County  January  16,  1837.  They  are  the  parents  of  five 
children — Mary  E.,  Priscilla,  Lizzie,  Hugh  and  John.  Mr,  Mont- 
gomery was  raised  on  a  farm  and  received  many  instructions  from 
his  father  in  the  art  of  husbandry.  He  owns  130  acres  of  land 
where  he  and  family  reside.  He  filled  the  ofKce  of  auditor  of  the 
county  one  term.  He  is  a  member  of  tks  Masonic  fraternity.  Mrs. 
Montgomery  belongs  to  the  Baptist  Church,  of  which  the  deceased 
wife  was  also  a  devoted  member. 


HISTOTIY    OF    GEEENE    COTTN-TY.  791 

TirOMAS  H.  MONTGOMERY,  fanner  and  stock-dealer,  Lip- 
pincott,  Tenn.,  Avas  born  in  Morgan  Township  January  24,  1847, 
and  is  a  descendant  of  one  of  the  pioneer  families  of  Greene  County. 
IJis  father  and  mother  Avere  Ilngh  and  Priscilla  (Hoge)  Montgom- 
ery. The  former  was  born  in  Maryland  and  the  latter  in  Greene 
County,  Penn.,  where  they  were  united  in  marriage  and  remained 
until  the  father's  death,  June  14,  1882.  His  widow  survives  him. 
Thomas  II.  Montgomery  was  united  in  marriage,  October  17,  1878, 
with  Vii;2ijjia  E.  Goalon,  who  was  born  in  Franldin  Township,  April 
14,  1853.  Mrs.  Montgomery  is  a  daughter  of  Bazil  and  Maria 
(Inghram)  Gordon,  natives  and  residents  of  this  county.  Mr.~an(i 
Mrs,  ]\[ontgomery  are  the  parents  of  four  children — Walter  C,  born 
September  5,  1879;  Bernice  L.,  born  May  14,  1881;  Florence  M., 
born  May  5,  1883;  and  Pauline  E.,  born  August  23,  1886.  Mr. 
Montgomery  has  always  lived  on  a  farm,  and  owns  185  acres  of  good 
land  where  he  and  family  i-eside.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic 
fraternity,  and  is  tilling  the  office  of  justice  of  the  peace  in  his  town- 
ship. He  is  a  Baptist,  and  has  held  the  office  of  deacon  since  1879, 
and  his  wife  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Protestant  Church.  Pre- 
vious to  marriage  he  was  a  teacher  in  the  public  schools. 

SAMUEL  MURRAY,  farmer,  P.  O.  Jefferson,  Penn.,  was  born 
in  Fayette  County,  Penn.,  January  28,  1822.  Ilis  father,  Jacob 
Murray,  was  also  a  native  of  Fayette  County;  and  his  mother,  whose 
maiden  name  was  Susannah  Aukerman,  was  born  in  Westmoreland 
County,  where  they  were  married.  After  marriage  they  settled  in 
Fayette  County  and  remained  until  their  death — Mr.  Murray  dying 
in  1852,  and  his  widow  in  1886.  They  had  twelve  children,  eleven  of 
whom  are  living.  On  xiugust  29,  1843,  Samuel  Murray  married 
Agnes  Fulkerth,  who  was  born  in  Westmoreland  County,  Penn.,  Oc- 
tober 31,  1821.  Her  parents  were  Joseph  and  Esther  Fulkerth  {jiee 
Stauffer),  deceased.  Mr.  Murray  and  wife  are  the  parents  of  eleven 
children,  seven  living — -Cyrus,  David,  Anna,  Jennie,  Elias  A.  F., 
Joseph  H.  and  Isaac  G. — and  Susannah,  Rachel,  Jacob  and  an  infant, 
deceased.  Mr.  Murray  was  raised  on  a  farm,  and  has  devoted  his 
time  principally  to  agricultural  pursuits.  He  owns  ninety  acres  of 
land  where  he  and  family  reside.  He  and  wife  are  faithful  members 
of  the  Brethren  Church. 

ABLE  McCULLOUGH,  retired  merchant,  Clarksville,  Penn., 
was  born  in  Washington  County,  Penn.,  October  18,  1845.  He  is  a 
eon  of  Aaron  and  Naomi  McCullough  [nee  Turner).  His  father  was 
also  a  native  of  Washington  County,  and  his  mother  was  born  in 
Greene  County.  After  their  marriage  they  settled  in  Washington 
County  and  remained  until  their  death.  They  were  the  parents  of 
four  childern,  two  living — William  and  Able,  the  subject  of  our 
sketch.     He  was  united  in  the  holy  bonds  of  matrimony,  September 


792  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

17,  1871,  with  Leah  Craig  {^iiee  Horn),  born  in  Washington  County, 
A}»ril  29,  1841.  She  is  a  daughter  of  John  and  Mary  Horn  i^nee 
Shape),  residents  of  Washington  County  until  their  death.  To  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  McCuUough  have  been  born  three  children — Olin  W., 
Martha  E.  and  JMaomi  L.  Mrs.  McCullongh,  by  her  iirst  marriage, 
is  the  mother  of  one  child — Mary  II.,  wife  of  Samuel  Teagarden. 
Mr.  McCullongh  has  made  farming  and  merchandising  his  business 
throucrh  life.  He  and  wife  are  faithful  members  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church. 

J.  C.  POLLOCK,  farmer,  was  born  in  Amwell  Township,  Wash- 
ington County,  Penn.,  September  5,  1824.  Ills  parents  were  Tliomas 
and  Cynthia  (Carter)  Pollock.  The  former  was  a  native  of  Waynes- 
burg,  and  the  latter  of  Washington  County,  where  they  were  married 
and  remained  until  1835.  They  then  moved  to  Greene  County, 
Wiiere  Mr.  Pollock  died  January  3,  1876.  He  served  as  commissioner 
of  the  county  three  years,  representative  of  the  county  two  terms,  in 
1841  and  1842,  and  associate  judge  one  term.  He  and  wife  were 
the  parents  of  eleven  children,  ten  of  whom  are  living — nine  in  this 
county.  On  November  8,  1854,  J.  C.  Pollock  was  united  in  mar- 
riage with  Miss  Malissa  Ailes,  born  in  Washington  County,  Penn., 
January  27  1833.  She  is  a  daughter  of  Stephen  and.  Mary  (Nixon) 
Ailes,  the  former  a  native  of  Washington  Count}'^,  and  the  latter  of 
Ireland.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Pollock  have  been  born  six  children,  three 
living — James  M.,  William  P.,  David  L. — and  Mary  M.,  Stephen  A. 
and  an  infant,  deceased.  Mr.  Pollock  M'as  raised  on  a  farm,  and 
when  twenty-one  years  of  age  he  began  merchandising  with  his 
father,  in  which  he  continued  for  three  years.  He  afterwards  served 
as  a  clerk  four  years,  then  engaged  in  purchasing  stock  and  grain  for 
a  distillery.  He  worked  in  this  capacity  for  six  years,  then  engaged 
in  farming  and  milling.  He  owns  fifty  acres  of  land  and  a  half  in- 
terest in  a  large  fiouring-mill.  He  belongs  to  the  Masonic  order, 
and  he  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian 
Church. 

WILLIAM  PYLE,  hotel-keeper,  Clarksville,  Penn.,  was  born  in 
Washington  County,  Pennsylvania,  November  10,  1838.  He  is  a 
son  of  Joseph  and  Albenah  (Thornburg)  Pyle,  natives  of  Pennsyl- 
vania. His  parents  were  married  in  Washington  County,  where  they 
remained  a  number  of  years  and  then  lived  in  Morgan  Township, 
Greene  County,  for  a  short  time.  In  1858  they  returned  to  Wash- 
ington County  and  remained  until  their  death.  Mrs.  Joseph  Pyle 
departed  this  life  in  1861.  Her  husband  afterwards  married  Catha- 
rine Kenann,  who  is  still  living.  Mr.  Pyle  died  in  1873.  William 
is  the  only  one  of  the  family  in  this  county.  In  1859  he  married 
Sarah  Yonker,  who  was  born  in  Washington  County,  August  10, 
1842.     Mrs.  Pyle  is  a  daughter  of  Noah  and  Elizabeth  Yonker  {riee 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  793 

Watt).  Iler  father  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  and  her  mother  in 
Maryhuid.  ■  They  were  married  in  Washington  Connty,  Penn.,  and 
remained  there  until  Mr.  Yonker's  death  January  9,  1853.  His 
widow  remained  in  Washington  County  until  1859,  at  which  time 
she  came  to  Greene  County  and  lived  with  her  daughter,  Mrs.  Wil- 
liam Pyle,  until  her  death,  which  occurred  December  25,  1872,  while 
she  was  on  a  visit  to  Pittsburg,  Penn.  William  Pyle  and  wife  are 
the  parents  of  eight  children — Joseph,  Samuel,  Frank,  Lizzie,  Jesse, 
Emma  and  AVilliam  T.,  living;  and  Lucy,  deceased.  Mr.  Pyle  was 
reared  on  a  farm,  and  has  devoted  almost  all  his  life  to  farming.  He 
owns  property  in  Clarksville,  where  he  has  been  proprietor  of  a  hotel 
for  the  past  two  years.  He  and  Mrs.  Pyle  are  faithful  members  of 
the  Christian  Church. 

W.  H.  F.  RANDOLPH,  farmer,  Lippincott,  Penn.,  was  born 
in  Jefferson  Township,  this  county,  Jul}^  14,  1836.  His  parents 
Abraham  F.  and  Emily  A.  (Adamson)  Randolph,  were  natives  and 
residents  of  Greene  County  until  their  death.  His  father  died  De- 
cember 8,  1866,  and  Mrs.  Randolph,  March  9,  1885.  They  were 
the  parents  of  three  children,  two  living — -J.  A.  F.  and  W.  H.  F. — 
and  Sarah  L.,  deceased.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  united  in 
marriage,  November  25,  1855,  with  Mary  A.  Heaton,  who  was  born 
Morgan  Township,  January  28  1834,  and  died  April  30,  1888.  She 
was  a  daughter  of  Daniel  and  Elizabeth  (Woods)  Heaton,  the  second 
of  their  six  children,  three  of  whom  are  now  living.  Mr.  Heaton 
was  born  in  Greene  County,  and  Mrs.  Heaton  in  New  Jersey.  They 
were  married  in  Greene  County,  Penn.,  where  they  remained  until 
their  death.  Mr.  Heaton  died  August  21,  1856,  and  his  wife  Janu- 
ary 26,  1877.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Randolph  was  born  one  daughter — 
Laura  L.,  October  7,  1856.  Mr.  Randolph  was  reared  on  a  farm  and 
is  a  farmer  and  stock-grower  by  occupation.  He  owns  a  well  im- 
proved farm  of  seventy-five  acres  where  he  now  resides.  The  family 
belonor  to  the  Baptist  Churcl),  of  which  his  deceased  wife  was  also  a 
devoted  member. 

W.  D.  ROGERS,  physician,  Jefferson  Penn.,  was  born  near 
Beallsville,  Washington  County,  Penn.,  xApril  5,  1816.  His  parents, 
Philip  and  Mary  (Johns)  Rogers,  who  were  natives  of  Maryland, 
came  to  Washington  County,  Pennsylvania,  about  the  year  1806,  and 
remained  there  The  rest  of  their  lives.  Mrs.  Rogers  died  in  1838. 
Her  husband  subsequently  married  Mary  Borom,  who  departed  this 
life  in  1869.  Mr.  Rogers  died  in  1870.  He  was  the  father  of  seven 
cliildren,  four  of  whom  are  living.  Dr.  Rogers  is  the  only  one 
of  the  family  in  Greene  County.  He  was  united  in  marriage,  Janu- 
ary 13,  1847,  with  Charlotte  H.  Black.  Mrs.  Rogers  was  born  in 
Morgan  Township,  this  county,  November  26,  1820,  and  is  a  devoted 
member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church.      Her    parents  were    Honarale 


794  IIISTOKY    OF    GKEENE    COUNTY. 

and  Charlotte  (Ileaton)  Black,  who  were  among  the  iirst  settlers  of 
the  county.  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Rogers  are  the  parents  of  five  children 
— Ellen  D.,  wife  of  EL.  A,  Russell,  of  Iowa;  William  B.,  who  married 
Cora  L.  Rogers;  John  A.,  Mary  L.-and  Norval  P.  The  Doctor  ac- 
quired his  education  in  the  common  schools  of  his  county  and  in  the 
academy  at  Brownsville,  Benn.  In  1842  he  hegan  reading  medicine 
with  W.  L.  Wilson,  M.  D.,  of  Beallsville,  Benn.  In  1835  he  gradu 
ated  from  the  Medical  University  of  Marlyand,  at  Baltimore.  Since 
that  time  he  has  been  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  profession,  most 
of  which  has  been  in  Greene  County,  where  he  and  family  have  re- 
sided for  many  years,  and  where  he  owns  a  line  farm  of  about  one 
hundred  and  ninety-fire  acres.  During  the  late  Rebellion, Dr.  Rogers 
was  examining  surgeon  of  the  first  drafted  men  from  this  county, 
and  afterwards  appointed  examining  surgeon  for  pensioned  soldiers. 
He  was  a  delegate  to  the  National  Convention  of  1872,  at  Bhiladel- 
phia,  Benn.,  which  nominated  Grant  and  Wilson  for  Bresident  and 
Vice-Bresident  of  the  United  States. 

JOHN  ROSE,  farmer,  Lippincott,  Benn.,  was  born  in  Cumber- 
land Township,  this  county,  August  29,  1832,  and  is  a  son  of  David 
and  Mary  (Hewitt)  Rose.  His  mother  was  a  native  of  Washington 
County,  and  his  father  of  Greene  County,  where  they  were  married 
and  remained  until  their  death.  After  his  wife's  death,  in  1874,  Mr. 
Rose  married  Eliza  Greenlee,  who  is  still  living.  Mr.  Rose  died  May 
14,  1879.  He  was  the  father  of  thirteen  children,  eleven  of  whom 
are  living.  John,  who  was  their  second  child,  was  united  in  marriage, 
August  27,  1855,  with  Briscilla  A.  Litzenbnrg.  Mrs.  Rose  was  born 
in  Washington  County,  Benn.,  January  20,  1836.  Her  parents, 
William  and  Charlotte  (Rush)  Litzenbnrg,  were  natives  of  Greene 
County,  where  they  resided  a  short  time,  then  moved  to  Washington 
County  and  remained  until  tlieir  death.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Rose  had 
one  child,  W.  H.,  born  October  6,  1857,  and  died  September  10, 
1858.  Mr.  Rose  is  a  farmer  and  owns  one  hundred  and  sixteen  acres 
of  fine  land.  He  and  wife  are  zealous  members  of  the  Cumberland 
Bresbyterian  Church. 

JACOB  RUSH,  farmer,  Jefferson,  Benn.,  was  born  January  27, 

1823,  on  his  present  farm  in  Morgan  Township,  this  county.  His 
father,  Matthias  Rush,  was  also  born  on  the  same  farm  now  owned 
by  Jacob  and  his  mother,  Sarah  (lams)  Rush,  who  was  a  native  of 
St,  Charles  County,  Maryland,  They  were  married  in  Greene  County, 
Benn.,  and  resided  their  until  their  death.  Mr.  Rush  died  in  1863, 
and  his  widow  in  1874.  They  were  the  parents  of  two  children — Ja- 
cob, and  William,  who  married  Martha  Hughes,  and  resides  in 
Clarksville,  Benn.  Jacob  Rush  was  united  in  marriage,  November 
11,  1846,  with   Elizabeth  Cox,  born  in   Morgan   Township,  May  13, 

1824.  Her  parents  were  Willianx  and  Abigail  (Rush)  Cox,  natives 


IIISTOUY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  705 

of  Greene  County,  and  residents  therein  until  tlieir  death.  To  Mr, 
and  Mrs.  Rush  have  been  born  four  cliildren,  viz:  Sarah  A.,  wife  of 
Stephen  M.  Hill;  Isabella,  wife  of  A.  C,  Myers;  Micca  and  Benjamin 
F,,  who  married  Abigail  Cox,  now  deceased,  Mr,  Rush  was  reared 
on  a  farm,  and  has  been  very  successful  in  farming  and  stock  dealing 
throughout  his  life.  His  home  farm'  contains  200  acres  of  valuable 
land.  Mrs.  Rush  at  the  ag-e  of  sixteen  became  a  member  of  the 
Christian  Church,  to  which  she- was  very  devoted  until  her  death, 
December  17,  1887. 

JAMES  RUSH,  deceased,  was  born  in  Virginia,  in  1770,  and  came 
with  his  parents  to  Clarksville,  Renn.,  when  he  was  only  four  years  of 
age.  Pie  remained  there  until  his  death  in  1842.  He  married  Rris- 
cilla  Case, who  was  a  native  of  Greene  County,  and  departed  this 
life  in  1825.  They  were  the  parents  of  nine  children,  eight  daughters 
and  one  son.  Only  two  of  these  are  living — Friscilla  and  Sarah  A., 
widow  of  Fletcher  Allman,  who  was  born  near  Clarksville  in  1812. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Allman  were  the  parents  of  seven  children.  Mr.  All- 
man  departed  this  life  February'  10,  1877.  James  Rush  was  a  farmer 
during  his  lifetime,  and  at  one  time  owned  1,300  acres  of  land, 
of  which  the  Allman  heirs  own  135  acres.  Miss  Priscilla  Rush 
lives  with  her  nephew  Fletcher  Allman,  in  Clarksville,  Penn.,  where 
she  owns  nice  property.  She  comes  of  a  highly  respected  family, 
and  is  greatlv  esteemed  by  a  wide  circle  of  friends. 

W.  B.  STEWART,  farmer,  Clarksville,  Penn.,  was  borniiiMills- 
boro,Washington  County,  Penn.,  June  26,  1818.  His  parents,  Alexan- 
der and  Elizabeth  (Metzlar)  StcAvart,  were  natives  of  Franklin  County, 
Penn.,  where  they  were  married.  They  made  their  home  in  Fulton 
County  until  1813,  then  moved  to  Washington  County,  and  in  1828 
came  to  Greene  County,  where  they  remained  until  their  death.  Mrs. 
Stewart  died  in  1858,  and  her  husband  in  1862.  They  were  the  parents 
of  eight  children,  of  whom  only  tliree  are  living,  viz, :  Eliza  L.,  widow 
of  Francis  Drake;  Melvina,  widow  of  H,  P.  Hurst;  and  W.  B.,  the 
subject  of  this  sketch.  He  was  united  in  marriage,  October  7,  1849, 
with  Elizabeth  Wise,  who  was  born  in  Washington  County,  May  28, 
1823.  Her  parents,  Joseph  and  Parmelia  (Barnard)  Wise,  were  na- 
tives of  Washington  and  residents  their  until  their  death.  Mrs.  Wise 
died  in  1852.  Mr.  Wise  subsequently  married  Julia  Welch,  who 
survives  him.  Mr.  Wise  died  in  1875.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stewart  are 
the  parents  of  seven  children,  live  living — Joseph  W.,  Elizabeth,  wife 
of  William  Orr;  Emma,  wife  of  William  Hoge;  William  B.,  Jr.  and 
John  C. — and  Alexander  and  Francis,  deceased.  Mr.  Stewart  is  a 
tanner  by  trade,  which  he  followed  until  twenty-five  years  of  age. 
After  that  his  time  was  variously  employed  until  1851,  when  he 
turned  his  attention  to  farming,  in  which  he  has  successfully  engaged 
ever  since.     He  owns  144  acres  of  land  where  he  and  family  reside. 


796  HISTORY    OV    GUEENE    COUNTY. 

He  has  belonged  to  the  Masonic  fraternity  for  about  twenty  years, 
and  he  and  his  wife  are  devoted  members  of  the  Baptist  Church. 

EDWAKD  YANKIRK,  Sk.,  retired  farmer,  Jefferson,  Peim., 
was  born  in  Washington  County,  Penn.,  October  14,  1813,  and  is  a 
son  of  Arthur  and  Elizabeth  (Parkinson)  Yankirk.  His  father  was 
a  native  of  New  Jersey,  and  his  mother  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
where  they  were  married,  settling  in  Washington  County.  They  re- 
mained there  until  1835,  lived  in  Greene  County  seven  years,  then 
returned  to  Washington  Connty,  where  they  remained  until  Mrs. 
Yankirk's  death  in  1847.  Mr.  Yankirk  died  in  1865.  They  were 
the  parents  of  eight  children,  three  of  whom  are  living — Edward, 
Ralph  and  William.  Edward  was  united  in  marriage,  May  21,  1835, 
with  Jane  E.  Blake,  who  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  and  daughter 
of  Samuel  and  Elizabeth  (Carr)  Blake.  By  this  marriage  Mr.  Yan- 
kirk is  the  father  of  six  children,  only  two  of  whom  are  living — 
Elizabeth,  widow  of  W.  H.  Kline;  and  Emma,  wife  of  A.  J.  Barr. 
The  deceased  are  Samuel,  AYilliam,  George  and  Anna  J.,  who  was 
the  wife  of  Hugh  Montgomery,  one  of  the  substantial  citizens  of 
Morgan  Township.  Mrs.  Yankirk  departed  this  life  July  27,  1852, 
a  devoted  member  of  the  Christian  Church.  After  her  death,  De- 
cember 13,  1853,  Mr.  Yankirk  married  Sarah  A.  Gantz,  who  was 
born  in  Washington  County,  Penn.,  March  20,  1829.  Her  parents 
were  John  and  Christina  Gantz,  deceased.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Yankirk 
are  the  parents  of  eight  children,  seven  living — David,  Edward, 
Thomas,  Clark,  Lucy,  James,  Bertha, — and  John  F.,  deceased.  Mr. 
Yankirk  was  raised  on  a  farm  and  met  with  great  success  as  a  farmer 
during  his  more  active  life.  He  owns  160  acres  of  land  in  this 
county,  where  he  and  family  reside.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Yankirk  belong 
to  the  Baptist  Church. 

W.  H.  YIPGIN,  farmer,  Clarksville,  Penn.,  was  born  in  Mills- 
boro,  Washington  County,  Penn.,  November,  17,  1840.  He  is  a  son 
of  Jesse  and  Ophillipphia  (Huntsberry)  Yirgin,  the  former  a  native 
of  Fayette  County,  Pennsylvania,  and  the  latter  of  Maryland.  After 
marriage  his  parents  settled  in  Greene  County,  Penn,,  subsequently 
removing  to  Millsboro,  where  they  remained  until  Mrs.  Yirgin's 
death  in  1842.  \  Her  husband  afterwards  married  Clarinda  Hupp, 
who  is  still  living.  Mr.  Yirgin  died  in  1880.  lie  was  the  father 
of  live  children,  of  whom  the  subject  of  this  sketch  is  the  second. 
He  was  united  in  marriage,  December  13,  1864,  with  Mary  A,  An- 
derson, born  in  Belmont  County,  Ohio,  September  4,  1837.  She  is 
a  daughter  of  John  R.  and  Maria  (Perry)  Anderson,  the  former  a  na- 
tive of  Greene  County,  Penn.,  and  the  latter  of  Guernsey  County, 
Ohio.  After  marriage,  Mrs.  Yirgin's  parents  settled  in  Belmont 
County,  Ohio,  and  remained  until  Mrs.  Anderson's  death,  in  1855. 
Mr.  Anderson  afterwards  married  Mary  Wildman,  and  they  reside 


IIISTOItY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  7U7 

in  Harrison  County,  Ohio.  *  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Virgin  have  been  horn 
four  children — Elizabeth  E.,  Lena  M.,  Hannah  V.  and  Jesse  A. 
Mr.  Virgin  has  always  lived  on  a  farm,  and  has  made  farming  the 
principal  occupation  of  his  life.  He  owns  nice  property  in  Clarks- 
ville.  He  is  tilling  the  office  of  jury  commissioner  of  the  county, 
and  has  served  as  assessor  and  constable  of  his  township.  Pie  enlisted 
in  the  service  of  his  country,  in  Company  D,  Eiojhty-lifth  Pennsyl- 
vania Volunteers,  November  6,  1861,  and  served  over  three  years, 
passing  through  a  number  of  serious  engagements.  Mr.  Virgin 
is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  Post,  No.  2(35.  Mrs.  Virgin  is  a 
faithful  member  of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church. 

AMOS  WALTON,  retired  merchant,  P.  O.  Clarksville,  was  born 
in  Washington  County,  Penn.,  October  12,  1807.  He  is  a  son  of 
John  and  Sarah  (Paul)  Walton,  who  were  also  natives  of  Washington 
County,  and  residents  therein  until  their  death.  Mr.  John  Walton 
died  October  6,  1834.  His  widow  was  afterwards  united  in  marriage 
with  Levi  Burson,  who  died  in  1863.  Mrs.Burson  departed  this  life 
in  1874.  On  March  11,  1830,  Amos  Walton  married  Sarah  A. 
Stephenson,  who  was  born  in  Clarksville  in  1813.  She  is  a  daughter 
of  Asa  and  Priscilla  (Gregg)  Stephenson.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  AValton 
were  born  ten  children,  live  of  whom  are  living — Jesse,  Louisa, 
widows  of  B.  F.  Swan;  Priscilla,  wife  of  Dr.  James  A.  Sargent; 
Ellis  B.  and  Isaac  N.  The  deceased  are  John  M.,  Joseph  P.,  Amos 
G.,  Morgan  M.  and  an  infant.  Though  raised  on  a  farm,  Mr.  Walton 
began  merchandising  when  starting  out  in  life  for  himself,  and  has 
continued  in  the  business  for  fifty  years.  He  owns  300  acres  of^  land, 
and  good  property  in  Clarksville.  Mr.  Walton  is  an  elder  in  the 
Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church,  of  which  he  has  been  a  faithful 
member  for  fortv-four  years.     Mrs.  Walton  died  May  14,  1875. 

HENRY  WATSON,  farmer,  Lippincott,  Penn.,  was  born  in 
West  Bethlehem  Township,  Washington  County,  July  28,  1845.  He 
is  a  son  of  John  and  Many  A.  (Almost)  Watson.  His  father  was  a 
native  of  Ireland.  His  mother  was  born  in  Greene  County,  Penn., 
where  they  w^ere  married.  They  afterwards  removed  to  Washington 
County,  and  remained  until  their  death.  He  died  September  3, 1856, 
and  she  May  27,  1869.  September  6,  1866,  Henry  Watson  was 
united  in  marriage  with  Mary  A.  Weaver,  who  was  born  in  Wash- 
ington County,  October  17,  1846.  She  is  a  daughter  of  Jacob  and 
Sarab  (Register)  Weaver,  residents  of  Morgan  Township.  To  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  A\^atson  have  been  born  eight  children— Jacob  W.,  William 
H.,  Charles  F.,  Clara  S.,  John  F.,  Ida  B.,  Lucy  A.  and  Mary  E. 
Mr.  Watson  was  reared  on  a  farm,  and  owns  ninety-six  acres  ot  fine 
land  where  he  and  family  live.  He  and  wife  are  prominent  members 
of  the  Baptist  Church. 


798  TITBTOKY    OF    OREENE    dOTTNTY, 


MORRIS    TOWNSHIP. 

HUGH  AULD,  fciniier  and  stock-grower,  Nineveh,  J'enn.,  was 
born  ill  Morris  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn,,  October  1,  1824. 
Ills  parents,  Hugh  and  Sarah  (Howard)  Aiild,  were  natives  of  Ire- 
hmd,  and  came  to  Greene  County,  Penn.,  in  1815.  His  father,  who 
was  a  farmer,  reared  a  family  of  six  chiklren,  of  whom  Hugh  is  the 
youngest.  He  was  reared  in  Morris  Township,  and  has  met  with 
success  in  his  chosen  occnpation.  He  is  the  owner  of  a  farm  of  283 
acres  of  well-improved  land  where  he  now  resides.  In  1851  Mr. 
Auld  married  Mary  J.  x\uld,  and  they  are  the  parents  of  seven  chil- 
dren—Sadie R.,  Will  M.,  Howard  H.,  Mattie  J.,  Mary  M.,  Tom 
B.  and  Ida  B.  Mr.  Auld  is  a  Democrat  in  politics,  and  in  religion 
a  Presbyterian,  of  which  church  his  wife  is  also  a  devoted  member. 

JASPER  BANE,  deceased,  was  born  in  Amity,  Washington 
County,  Penn.,  October  27,  1827,  and  died  in  Greene  County  in 
1806.  Mr.  Bane  was  a  son  of  Jacob  Bane,  the  ninth  in  his  family 
of  twelve  children.  He  was  rearedon  the  home  farm  in  Washington 
County,  and  was  a  successful  farmer  through  life,  owning  at  the  time 
of  his  death  111  acres  of  well-improved  land.  In  1855  Mr.  Bane 
married  Jane,  daughter  of  George  Lightner.  Mrs.  Bane's  ancestors 
were  among  the  early  settlers  and  farmers  of  Greene  County.  She 
is  a  sister  of  Henry  Lightner,  a  prominent  farmer  of  Morris  Town- 
ship. Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bane  are  tbe  parents  of  five  children — Sarah  J., 
wife  of  Otho  lams;  George,  who  is  a  farmer  by  occupation  and  has 
charge  of  the  home  farm;  Mary,  wife  of  D.  W.  Hopkins;  Samuel 
and  Frank.  George  w^as  born  in  Morris  Township,  October  28, 1857, 
and  received  his  education  in  the  district  school.  In  politics  Mr. 
Bane  was  a  Republican,  and  in  religion  a  Cumberland  Presbyterian, 
of  which  church  Mrs.  Bane  is  also  a  zealous  member. 

CYRUS  BRADBURY,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born  in 
Mercer  County,  Penn.,  July  24,  1830.  He  is  a  son  of  John  and 
Jane  (Tuttle)  Bradbury,  natives  of  New  Jersey,  and  of  English  de- 
scent. In  early  life  his  father  was  a  tanner,  afterwards  a  farmer. 
He  came  from  Washington  County  to  Greene  in  1838,  and  settled 
on  the  farm  where  Cyrus  resides.  He  died  at  the  advanced  age  of 
eighty-four  years.  His  wife  is  eighty-four  years  of  age,  and  makes 
her  home  with  Cyrus,  the  only  one  of  the  three  children  living.  He 
grew  to  manhood  on  the  farm,  receiving  his  education  in  the  district 
schools.     He  has  made  a  success  of  his  farming,  and  owns  132  acres 


History  of  giieene  county.  799 

of  well-improved  land.  In  1861  he  married  Nancy,  daughter  of 
Thomas  and  Rebecca  (Hedge)  Moore,  who  were  natives  of  this  county 
and  of  English  descent.  xMr.  and  Mrs.  Bradbury  have  five  children 
— Mary  Ann,  Emma  B.,  wife  of  John  Penn;  Ella  E.,  wife  of  George 
B.  "lams;  Lizzie  J.,  wife  of  Thomas  A.  Welsh,  and  Dora  B.  They 
have  also  an  adopted  child— -William  Washington.  Mr.  Bradbury  is 
a  Democrat  in  politics,  lie  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Cumber- 
land Presbyterian  Church,  in  which  he  is  one  of  the  trustees. 

ENOCII  BROOKS,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  Swart's,  Penn., 
was  born  in  Morris  Township,  this  county,  November  24,  1837,  and 
is  a  son  of  Enoch  and  Mary  (Russell)  Brooks.  His  father,  who  was 
a  farmer,  spent  his  whole  life  in  this  county,  and  died  in  1838.  His 
family  consisted  of  seven  children,  all  of  whom  grew  to  maturity. 
Enoch  is  the  youngest,  was  reared  on  the  farm  and  attended  the  com- 
mon school.  He  made  choice  of  farming  as  his  occupation,  in  which 
he  has  engaged  through  life.  He  has  made  his  own  way  in  the 
world,  and  is  the  owner  of  a  well-improved  farm  containing  137 
acres.  He  was  united  in  marriage,  April  3,  1869,  with  Elizabeth  M. 
Rush,  and  they  are  the  parents  of  seven  children — Mary  Laura, 
George  R.,  Anna  Bell,  Maud  L.,  Perry  M.,  William  II.. and  Robert 
E.  Mr.  Brooks  is  a  Democrat,  and  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  In 
1861  he  enlisted  in  Company  D,  Eighty-tifch  Pennsylvania  Volunteer 
Infantry.  He  was  taken  prisoner  and  sent  to  Richmond,  Ya.,  where 
he  remained  for  five  weeks.  He  also  passed  through  many  of  the 
principal  battles  and  engagements.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Brooks  are  promi- 
nent members  of  the  Baptist  Church. 

STEPHEN  C.  GARY,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  Swarfs,  Penn., 
was  born  in  Morris  Township,  January  27,  1846.  His  parents  were 
Abel  and  Delilah  (Mitchell)  Cary,  natives  of  this  county  and  of  Eng- 
lish origin.  His  ancestors  came  among  the  early  settlers  from  New 
Jersey  to  Greene  County.  They  were  usually  farmers,  of  whom  his 
father  was  one  of  the  most  successful.  He  died  in  1875.  Stephen 
was  the  ninth  in  a  family  of  eleven  children,  six  of  whom  reached 
maturity,  Mr.  Cary  was  reared  on  a  farm,  attended  the  common- 
schools,  and  has  followed  the  occupation  of  his  father.  He  has  met 
with  great  success  in  liis  business,  being  the  owner  of  a  line  farm  of 
443  acres  well  stocked  and  improved.  His  success  in  Hie  has  been 
due  largely  to  his  own  efforts.  He  was  united  in  marriage  April  27, 
1872,  with  Miss  Harriet,  daughter  of  Harrison  and  Elizabeth  (Long- 
don)  Conger.  Mrs.  Cary  was  born  in  Washington  County,  and  is  of 
English  and  Irish  descent.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Gary  are  the  parents  of 
six  children — William  H.,  Lizzie  B.,  Lawrence  G.,  James  W.,  Fannie 
D.  and  Ilattie  M.  In  politics  Mr.  Cary  is  Republican.  His  wife  is 
a  devoted  member  of  the  Cumberland  I'resbyterian  Church. 


^(jO  itlSTOEY    OF    GREENE   COtiNTY. 

JOHN  M.  CONKLIN,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  Sycamore,  Penii.) 
was  born  in  Washington  County,  Penn.,  October  17,  1830,  and  is  a 
son  of  Isaac  and  Lydia  (Sayers)  Conklin,  also  natives  of  Washington 
County,  His  fatiier,  who  was  a  farmer  by  occupation,  had  a  family 
of  seven  sons  and  four  daughters,  all  living  but  one.  John  was 
reared  on  the  farm  in  Washington  County,  attended  the  common- 
schools,  and  learned  the  painter's  trade.  He  worked  for  several  years 
at  Claysville,  Penn.,  where  he  took  contracts  for  painting,  and  was 
one  oi  the  few  who  made  a  financial  success  of  the  business.  Through 
his  energy,  good  management  and  careful  investments,  he  was  able, 
in  1859,  to  buy  a  good  farm  near  Beulah  Church  in  Greene  County. 
Ten  years  later  he  sold  this  farm,  and  in  1872  he  again  invested  in 
291  acres  of  land,  where  he  has  since  resided.  He  is  a  tirst-class 
farmer,  is  the  owner  of  a  saw-mill,  and  is  also  largely  interested  in 
the  roller  flour-mill  at  Waynesburg,  Penn.  Mr,  Conklin  was  united 
in  marriage  in  Washington  County,  Penn.,  in  1855,  with  Delilah, 
daughter  of  Abraham  and  Elizabeth  (Craft)  Henkins,  natives  of 
Washington  County.  Mrs.  Conklin's  father  was  a  farmer  by  occu- 
pation and  had  a  family  of  seven  children.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Conklin 
have  had  fourteen  children,  of  these  eight  are  living,  viz.:  Ida  M., 
wife  of  James  II.  Sargent;  Lizzie  L.,  Shriver  C,  Elver  D.,  Charlie 
T.,  Annie  E.,  Willie  O.,  Oliver  G.  and  Ilollis  P.  Ilollis  P.  was  the 
oldest  son,  and  met  with  a  very  untimely  death  by  falling  on  a  circular 
saw  which  cut  him  almost  to  pieces.  He  was  one  of  the  promising 
young  men  of  his  neighborhood,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death  was  a 
consistent  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

H.  DPIER,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  Nineveh,  Penn.— Among  the 
successful  business  men  of  Greene  County,  we  mention  the  subject  of 
this  sketch  as  one  who  started  out  in  life  in  a  strange  land,  with  only 
twenty-four  dollars  in  his  pocket,  the  amount  of  his  earthly  posses- 
sions when  he  landed  in  Pittsburg,  in  1865.  He  was  born  in  Ger- 
many February  16,  1844,  a  son  of  William  and  Elizabeth  (Barger) 
Drier.  His  father,  who  was  a  farmer,  spent  all  his  life  in  Germany 
and  reared  a  family  of  five  children,  of  whom  the  subject  of  our  sketch 
was  the  third.  He  received  his  education  in  his  native  country,  and 
also  went  to  school  a  short  time  in  Allegheny  City,  Penn.,  where  he 
learned  the  carpenter's  trade.  At  the  close  of  his  apprenticeship,  he 
had  saved  sixty-five  dollars.  Mr.  Drier  was  united  in  marriage,  in 
1867,  with  Sophia,  daughter  of  William  Tennemire,  and  they  have  a 
family  of  five  children — William,  John,  Minnie,  Christian  and  Lizzie. 
Mr.  Drier  was  a  good  carpenter,  receiving  as  high  as  twenty- three 
dollars  for  a  week's  wages.  He  worked  so  hard  that  his  health 
became  impaired,  and  at  the  suggestion  of  a  physician  he  went  to  the 
country  in  1873  and  engaged  in  the  huckstering  business  in  Greene 
County,  Penn.     The  next  year  he  took  his  family  for  a   visit   to  his 


MISTOIIY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  801 

native  country.  lieturniug  in  1875,  lie  started  a  creamery  at  Nine- 
veh, Penn.,  where  lie  owns  a  line  farm  of  221  acres.  Mr.  Drier  is  a 
Republican.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Drier  are  devoted  members  of  the  Lu- 
theran Church. 

JOSEPH  DUNN,  deceased,  who  was  a  farmer  and  stock-grower, 
was  born  in  Washington  County,  Penn.,  June  2,  1801,  and  was  a 
son  of  Samuel  and  Jemima  (McEiityre)  Dunn.  His  mother  was  a 
native  of  Pennsylvania,  and  his  father  of  New  Jersey.  They  were  of 
English  and  Irish  origin.  Joseph  was  the  oldest  of  a  family  of  six 
children.  He  spent  the  greater  part  of  his  active  life  in  Morris 
Township.  In  his  chosen  occupation  of  farming  and  stock-growing 
he  met  with  marked  success,  being  at  the  time  of  his  death,  January 
6,  185G,  the  owner  of  more  than  1,000  acres  of  land.  He  was  mar- 
ried in  Washington  County,  Penn.,  October  25,  1827,  to  Miss  Eliza- 
beth, daughter  of  Ilichard  Montgomery.  Her  parents  were  of  English 
and  Irish  descent.  Mrs.  Dunn  was  born  in  Washington  County,  J  une 
10,  1807,  and  now  resides  with  her  youngest  son  in  Morris  Township. 
To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Joseph  Dunn  were  born  six  children,  five  living — 
three  sons  and  two  daughters,  all  prosperous  and  succeeding  well 
in  life. 

WILLIAM  DUNN,  of  West  Union,  Penn.,  is  the  youngest  son 
of  Joseph  and  Elizabeth  (McEntyre)  Dunn.  He  was  born  in  Morris 
Townsliip,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  July  4,  1847.  His  mother,  to 
whom  he  is  greatly  attached,  resides  with  him,  and  although  eighty 
years  of  age,  is  still  quite  bright  and  active.  William  was  reared  on 
the  farm,  received  a  common-school  education,  and  also  attended 
Waynesburg  College  for  some  time.  He  has  met  with  moi-e  than 
average  success  in  his  chosen  occupation  of  farming  and  stock- 
growing.  In  1869  he  married  Miss  Florence,  daughter  of  Jacob 
Swart.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Dunn  are  the  parents  of  two  children — Dora, 
wife  of  John  G.  Loughman,  and  Ida.  Mr.  Dunn  is  Republican  in 
politics,  and  one  of  the  influential  citizens- of  his  community.  Mrs. 
Dunn  is  a  faithful  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

JESSE  L.  HAYS,  merchant,  Nineveh,  Penn.,  was  born  at  Par- 
kersburgh.  West  Virginia,  October  3,  1857.  He  is  a  son  of  Hon. 
James  W.  and  Hannah  (Minor)  Hays,  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  His 
ancestors  were  among  the  early  settlers  of  Pennsylvania.  His  father, 
who  is  an  editor  by  profession,  served  two  terms  as  a  member  of  the 
State  Senate.  His  family  consisted  of  eight  children,  of  whom  Jesse 
L.  is  the  seventh.  Mr.  Hays  has  spent  the  most  of  his  life  in  Greene 
County,  and  received  a  good  English  education.  He  began  clerking 
in  his  father's  store  in  early  life,  and  continued  in  the  capacity  of  a 
salesman  until  he  engaged  in  the  mercantile  trade  at  Nineveh,  Penn., 
in  September,  1882,  His  long  experience  as  a  salesman  eminently 
qualities  him  for  the  business,  and    lie  meets  with  deserving  success. 


SQ2  HiStOKY    OF    CtHEENE    COUlSrTY, 

111  politics  lie  is  a  Democrat,  and  is  postmaster  at  Nineveh.  In  1881 
Mr.  Hays  married  Sadie,  daughter  of  Seth  Goodwin.  Mrs.  Hays' 
father  was  of  German  origin,  and  her  mother  was  English,  a  descend- 
ant from  William  Penn.  They  have  one  child,  Harold  G.  Hays,  born 
May  30,  1883. 

SAMUEL  HOPKINS,  farmer  and  carpenter.  Swarfs,  Penn.,  was 
born  in  Greene  County,  January  10, 1820,  and  is  a  son  of  Daniel  and 
Esther  (Johnson)  Hopkins.  His  mother  was  a  native  of  Washing- 
ton County,  Penn.  His  father  was  born  in  Maryland  near  Balti- 
more, and  died  in  1828.  They  were  of  English  descent,  the  first 
Hopkins  having  come  to  this  country  in  the  Mayflower  and  settled 
at  Plymouth,  Mass.,  where  Samuel  Hopkins'  great-grandfather  was 
a  Puritan  minister.  He  was  also  an  author  of  some  note,  havinp; 
written  several  important  works  on  religious  subjects.  Samuel  was 
the  fifth  in  a  family  of  eight  children.  He  spent  his  early  lite  on  a 
farm,  and  received  his  education  from  subscription  schools.  Early 
in  life  he  learned  the  carpenter's  trade,  which,  together  with  farming, 
he  has  followed  through  life.  In  18G0  he  bought  his  present  farm 
of  150  acres,  which  is  well  stocked  and  improved.  In  1845  he  mar- 
ried Miss  Martha,  daughter  of  David  and  Lydia  (Rogers)  Milliken. 
Mrs.  Hopkins'  grandfather,  John  Rogers,  laid  out  the  town  of  Kogers- 
ville,  and  was  a  prominent  citizen  of  Greene  County,  where  her  par- 
ents died.  They  were  among  the  early  Presbyterian  settlers.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Samuel  Hopkins  are  the  parents  of  three  children — Abigail, 
wife  of  John  Peese;  David,  a  farmer;  and  Margaret,  wife  of  Dr. 
Hamilton  Borroughs.  In  politics  Mr.  Hopkins  is  a  Republican. 
Following  in  the  footsteps  of  his  grandfathers,  who  Avere  both  soldiers 
in  the  Revolutionary  war,  he  enlisted  in  1862  in  Company  A,  One 
Hundred  and  Sixty-eighth  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry,  and 
served  one  year.  He  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Epis- 
copal Church,  in  which  he  has  served  as  trustee  and  superintendent 
of  the  Sabbath-school. 

D.  W.  HOPKINS,  farmer  and  stock-grower.  Swarfs,  Penn.,  was 
born  October  31,  1850,  on  the  farm  where  he  now  resides  in  Morris 
Township.  His  parents,  William  and  Ellen  (Simpson)  Hopkins, 
were  natives  of  this  county,  and  of  English  and  Irish  descent.  His 
father  was  born  April  22,  1816,  and  was  the  son  of  Daniel  and 
Esther  (Johnson)  Hopkins.  He  died  August  12,  1870,  being  at 
that  time  owner  of  148  acres  of  well  improved  land.  His  family 
consisted  of  five  children,  three  daughters  and  two  sons,  four  of  whom 
grew  to  maturity.  D.  W.  was  the  third  in  the  family,  spent  his 
early  life  on  the  home  farm,  and  chose  farming  as  his  occupation,  in 
which  he  has  engaged  very  successfully.  On  February  3,  1880,  he 
married  Miss  Mary,  daughter  of  Jasper  and  Jane  (Lightner)  Bane. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hopkins  have  an  interesting  family  of  two  children — 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUKTY.  803 

Nellie  Maud  and  Sarah  Lizzie.  Their  mother  is  a  devoted  inember 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  Mr.  Hopkins  is  a  Republican 
in  politics,  and  one  of  the  enterprising  young  men  of  his  township. 

JOSEPH  HUFFMAN,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  Nineveh,  Penn., 
was  born  in  Greene  County,  Penn.,  July  7,  1838.  His  parents, 
John  and  Nancy  (Johns)  Huffman,  were  of  English  descent.  His 
father  was  a  farmer  all  liis  life.  Joseph  is  next  to  the  youngest  of  a 
taniily  of  eight  children,  and  was  reared  on  the  farm  in  this  county, 
where  he  attended  the  common  school.  He  is  quite  successful  as  a 
farmer,  and  owns  a  good  farm  ot  150  acres  adjoining  the  village  of 
Nineveh.  He  sold  the  lots  on  which  about  half  of  tliis  village  now 
stands.  In  1869  Mr,  Huffman  married  Miss  Nancy,  daughter  of 
John  lleese.  Mrs.  Huffman  is  also  a  native  of  this  county.  Their 
family  consists  of  four  children — Lizzie.  R.  E.  Lee,  Jessie  Blanche 
and  John  D.  Mr.  Huffman  is  a  Democrat,  and  has  served  as  school 
director  in  his  townsliip.  He  and  wife  are  zealous  membjers  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  in  which  Mr.  Huffman  is  assistant 
superintendent  of  the  Sabbath-school. 

OTHO  JAMS,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  Swart's,  Penn.,  was  born 
on  Ruff's  Creek,  this  county,  September  4,  1846,  and  is  a  son  of 
Thomas  and  Delilah  (Huffman)  lams.  His  grandfather,  Otho  Lams, 
came  to  Greene  County  from  New  Jersey  in  1790,  and  settled  in 
Morris  Township,  and  was  one  of  the  most  prominent  and  success- 
ful farmers  of  his  day.  Thomas  lams,  his  father,  died  in  1881, 
leaving  to  his  three  sons  about  600  acres  of  valuable  land.  Otho  is 
the  second  in  a  family  of  seven  children.  He  was  reared  in  Morris 
Township,  where  he  has  been  a  successful  farmer  through  life.  In 
June,  1881,  he  was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Sarah,  daughter  of 
Jasper  Bane,  and  they  are  the  parents  of  one  child — Allen.  Mr. 
lams  is  an  enthusiastic  Democrat,  and  one  of  the  most  enterprising 
citizens  of  the  community.  His  wife  is  a  devoted  member  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

J.L.  lAMS,  Swart's,  Penn.,  is  a  farmer,  stock-grower,  and  school 
teacher.  He  was  born  in  Morris  Township,  this  county,  January  2, 
1857,  and  is  a  son  of  Thomas  and  Delilah  (Huffman)  lams.  His 
parents  were  natives  of  Greene  County,  and  of  English  and  German 
ancestry.  His  father  was  a  prominent  and  successful  farmer  and  an 
influential  Democrat  during  his  lifetime.  His  party  elected  him  to 
several  prominent  county  oftices — among  others,  that  of  treasurer. 
He  also  served  a  term  on  the  bench  as  associate  judge.  Judge  lams 
and  Avife  were  the  parents  of  eight  children,  live  of  whom  are  living. 
Benjamin  LI.  enlisted  in  the  Eighteenth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  under 
Captain  James  Hughes,  and  died  in  the  service  of  his  country.  The 
five  living  are  all  residents  of  this  county,  except  F.  P.  lams,  Esq., 
of  Pittsburcr,    Penn.     James  L.  was  reared   on   the  farm  in  Morris 


44 


804  HISTORY    O^"    GREENE    COUNTY. 

Township,  and  attended  the  district  school.  He  also  spent  some 
time  in  "VVaynesbnrg  College.  In  1877  he  married  Miss  Belle  S., 
dauo-hter  of  Jacob  Swart.  Mr.  lams  is  one  of  the  enterprising  young 
men  of  the  county,  is  an  enthusiastic  Democrat,  and  a  member  of 
the  State  Democratic  Central  Committee. 

HENRY  LIGHTNER,  retired  farmer,  Nineveh,  Penn.,  was 
born  in  Center  Township,  this  county,  January  30,  1823,  and  is  the 
oldest  son  of  George  and  Sarah  (Woods)  Lightner.  His  parents 
were  also  natives  of  Center  Township,  and  among  the  earliest  settlers 
of  the  county.  Ilfs  father  died  in  1867,  The  family  have  usually 
been  farmers;  some  of  them,  however,  have  entered  the  different 
professions  and  met  with  success.  Henry's  grandfather,  Micajah 
Woods,  was  an  Orderly  Sergeant  in  the  lievolutionary  war.  The 
subject  of  our  sketch  was  reared  in  Center  Township  until  nine  years 
of  age.  He  then  came  with  his  parents  to  Morris  Township,  where 
he  grew  tq  manhood.  He  attended  the  common  school  and  chose 
farmiuir  as  a  business,  in  which  he  has  met  with  marked  success. 
Mr.  Lightner's  farm  consists  of  300  acres  of  "well  improved  land. 
He  was  united  in  marriage  in  Athens  County,  Ohio,  December  12, 
1850,  with  Eliza  J.,  daughter  of  Thomas  Jefferson  and  Elizabeth 
Tewksbury,  who  were  of  English  descent.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lightner 
have  a  family  of  nine  children — Thomas  Jefferson,  George  M., 
Samuel,  Micajah,  William,  James,  Martha  Ellen,  Mary  Jane  and 
Ijertha  Ann.  Their  parents  are  leading  members  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church. 

DANIEL  LOUGHMAN,  retired  farmer  and  stock-grower,  of 
West  Union,  Penn.,  was  born  June  15,  1813,  on  the  farm  where  he 
now  resides.  His  parents,  Erederick  and  Catharine  (Hammers) 
Loughman,  came  to  this  county  in  1812.  They  were  natives  ot 
Maryland,  and  of  German  origin.  His  father  was  a  blacksmith  and 
wagon-maker  in  early  life.  He  subsequently  engaged  in  farming, 
and  was  among  the  pioneer  settlers  of  Morris  ToM-nship,  where  he 
"spent  most  of  his  life.  He  reared  a  family  of  thirteen  children,  of 
whom  Daniel  is  the  twelfth.  He  was  reared  on  the  home  farni  at- 
tending the  subscription  schools,  and  has  devoted  his  time  principally 
to  agriculture.  He  owns  a  well  improved  farm  where  he  now  resides. 
Mr.  Loughman  was  united  in  marriage,  January  15,  1833,  with 
Rachel,  daughter  of  John  and  Mary  (Red)  Stagner,  who  were  of 
German  descent.  She  was  born  in  Maryland  in  1812.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Loughman  are  the  parents  of  six  cJiildren — Thaddeus,  a  farmer; 
Frederick,  a  blacksmith;  Mary,  wife  of  Oliver  McYay;  Susan,  wife 
of  Warren  Conklin;  Adaline,  wifeof  S.  B.  Clutter,  and  John,  (deceased). 
Mr.  Loughman  is  a  Democrat,  and  he  and  his  wife  are  prominent 
meml)ers  of  the  West  Union  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church. 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  805 

WILLIAM  LOUGHMAN,  West  Union,  Penn.,  was  born  in 
Morris  Township,  this  county,  October  22,  1822,  and  is  a  son  of 
David  and  Christine  (Fonner)  Longhman.  His  mother  was  born  in 
Ireland.  His  father,  who  was  of  German  origin  and  a  native  of 
Maryland,  spent  most  of  his  life  as  a  farmer  in  Greene  County, 
Penn.,  where  he  died  in  Morris  Township.  William,  the  second  in 
a  family  of  seven  children,  was  reared  on  the  home  farm,  and  at- 
tended the  district  schools.  He  chose  farming  as  an  occupation,  and 
when  twenty-one  years  of  age  he  received  from  his  father,  seventy 
acres  of  land  which,  through  industry  and  a  strong  determination  to 
succeed,  he  has  increased  to  400  acres,  well  stocked  and  improved, 
Mr.  Loughinan  has  been  twice  married:  lirst,  in  1846,  to  Mary  J., 
daughter  of  William  Day,  and  they  were  the  parents  of  three  children 
— Lucretia  A.,  Elymus  and  Irvin.  Their  mother  died  in  1852.  For 
his  second  wife,  Mr.  Loughuian  married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  John 
and  Mary  (Millerj  Longdon,  and  widow  of  Harrison  Corger.  Her 
parents  were  natives  of  AV^ashington  County,  and  of  English  descent. 
To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Loughman  have  been  born  three  children:  Han- 
nah C,  wife  of  John  Conger;  Alice,  wife  of  John  Auld,  and  John  G. 
Mrs.  Loughman  is  a  member  of  the  Mount  Hermon  Baptist  Church; 
and  her  husband  is  a  Cumberland  Presbyterian,  in  which  church  he 
has  been  an  elder  for  sixteen  years,  and  has  also  served  as  superin- 
tendent of  the  Sabbath-school.  Mr.  Lous^hman  stands  high  in  the 
community  as  an  enterprising  citizen  and  a  sound  business  man.  He 
never  sued  or  was  sued  by  any  one. 

DANIEL  LOUGHMAN,  farmer  and  stock-grower.  Sycamore, 
Penn.,  was  born  in  Morris  Township,  Greene  County,  Pennsylvania, 
April  25,  1832.  He  is  a  son  of  Henry  and  Nancy  (Smith)  Lough- 
man, also  natives  of  this  county,  and  of  Dutch  origin.  The  Lougli- 
mans,  who  are  among  the  prominent  citizens  of  Greene  County,  have 
usually  been  farmers,  and  were  among  tiie  early  settlers  in  Morris 
Township.  Mr.  Daniel  Loughman  is  the  second  in  a  family  of  ten 
children,  and  attended  the  schools  of  his  township.  He  makes  a 
success  of  farming,  and  is  the  owner  of  a  good  farm  of  307  acres 
where  he  resides.  In  1853  Mr.  Loughman  married  Miss  Sarah, 
daughter  of  Dennis  and  Matilda  (Huffman)  lams,  who  were  of  Ger- 
man origin.  Her  father  was  born  in  Greene  County,  Penn.,  and  met 
with  great  success  as  a  farmer.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Loughman  are  the 
parents  often  children — Dennis,  George,  Belle,  Matilda,  Dora,  Jack- 
son, Ida,  Charlfey,  Mattie  and  Bertha.  Their  mother  is  a  devoted 
member  of  the  Baptist  Church.  In  politics  Mr.  Loughman  is  a 
Democrat.  He  is  greatly  interested  in  the  educational  aiftiirs  of 
his  township,  and  has  served  as  school  director  for  several  years. 

SILAS  M.  McCULLOUGH,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  Nineveh, 
Penn.,  was  born  in  Morris  Township,  November  9,  1852.     He  is  the 


806  IIISTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

only  child  of  John  and  Caroline  (Jennings)  McCnllongh,  natives  of 
Greene  County,  and  of  Dutch  and  Englisli  descent.  They  were  mar- 
ried in  1852,  and  his  niother  died  in  1854.  His  father,  who  was 
born  October  21,  1832,  was  a  son  of  Samuel  and  Elizabeth  (Shape) 
McCullough,  who  were  of  Dutch  origin.  Silas  grew  to  manhood  in 
Morris  Township,  receiving  his  education  in  the  district  schools. 
He  is  a  self-made  man,  and  through  great  industry  and  economy  has 
been  prospered  in  his  farming,  which  he  has  made  his  life  work.  He 
owns  a  good  farm  of  seventy-three  acres.  In  1877  he  married  Miss 
Jennie,  daughter  of  Elymas  and  Mary  (Ross)  Pettit,  who  were  of 
English  descent.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  McCullough  have  been  born  live 
children— Clarence  A.,  Grace  M.,  Oscar  Lee,  Jessie  Blanche  and 
Elymas.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  McCullough  are  leading  members  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  in  which  he  is  a  trustee  and  prominent 
worker. 

OLIVER  McVAY,  a  prominent  business  man  of  West  Union, 
Penn.,  was  born  in  Morris  Township,  Greene  County,  August  7, 
1842.  His  parents,  Silas  and  Dorcas  (Jennings)  McVay,  were  na- 
tives of  Washington  County,  Penn.,  and  of  Scotch-Irish  lineage. 
Llis  father  was  a  stone-mason  by  occupation,  and  later  in  life  he  en- 
gaged in  farming  and  huckstering  for  many  years.  He  died  in 
Washington  County.  Llis  family' consisted  of  twelve  children, 
eleven  of  whom  grew  to  maturity.  Oliver  was  the  fourth  in  the  fam- 
ily, and  was  reared  in  Greene  and  Wasliington  counties,  receiving  a 
common-school  education.  In  1870  he  engaged  in  merchandising, 
his  present  business,  which  he  makes  a  great  success.  In  1867 
he  married  Mary,  daughter  of  Daniel  Loughman.  Ller  mother's 
maiden  name  was  Rachel  Stigner,  whose  father,  Frederick  Stigner, 
was  among  the  earliest  settlers  of  the  county.  Mr.  and  Mrs  McVay 
have  one  child,  Silas  E.,  who  married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Elias 
Conger.  They  have  one  child.  Pearl.  In  politics  Mr.  McYay  is  a 
Republican.  September  16, 1861,  he  enlisted  in  Company  D,  Eighty- 
Fifth  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry,  and  Avas  discharged  for  dis- 
ability in  1862.  He  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  Post.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  McVay  are  prominent  members  of  the  West  Union  Cumberland 
Presbyterian  Church. 

THOMAS  PATTERSON,  deceased,  was  born  March  17,  1809, 
in  Morris  Township,  Greene  County,  where  he  spent  his  entire  life. 
His  parents,  Mark  and  Nancy  (Gregory)  Patterson,  were  natives  of 
Ireland,  and  among  the  early  settlers  of  this  county.  His  father, 
who  was  a  farmer,  reared  a  family  of  nine  children,  of  whom  Thomas 
was  the  third.  He  received  his  education  in  the  district  schools.  He 
spent  all  his  life  on  a  fariii,  devoting  his  time  chieily  to  farming 
and  stock-growing,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death,  1876,  was  the  owner 
of  a  good  farm  of  200  acres.       In  1831   he    married    Miss   Margaret 


niSTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  807 

Hopkins,  and  tliey  were  the  parents  of  nine  children — Daniel,  Levi, 
Mark,  John,  Esther,  Eliza,  Catliarine,  Marj'  and  Mari^aret.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Patterson  were  prominent  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Chnreh.     In  politics  Mr.  Patterson  was  a  Republican. 

ELYMxVS  PETTIT,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  Nineveh,  Penn., 
was  born  March  27,  1834.  He  is  a  son  of  Charles  and  Iteziah  (Coe) 
Pettit,  natives  of  Washington  County,  Penn.  Elymas  is  the  fourth 
in  a  family  of  eight  children,  seven  of  whom  are  still  living.  He 
was  reared  on  the  farm  and  attended  the  district  school.  He  made 
clioice  of  farming  as  his  life-work,  and  is  now  the  owner  of  a  well 
improved  farm  of  157  acres,  and  a  neat,  substantial  dwelling.  In 
1856  he  married  Mary,  daughter  of  Isaac  and  Sarah  (McGlumpliy) 
Koss.  Mrs.  Pettit  is  of  Irish  descent,  and  is  a  faithful  member  of 
the  Baptist  Church.  Their  union  has  been  blessed  with  three  chil- 
dren— Melissa,  wife  of  Henry  Breese;  Jennie,  wife  of  Silas  McCul- 
lough,  and  Charles  F.,  a  student  at  Delaware  College  in  Ohio.  In 
politics  Mr.  Pettit  is  a  Democrat.  In  1862  he  enlisted  in  the  first 
Pingold  battaiion,  and  served  two  years  and  ten  months,  being 
dischara'cd  for  disability,  at  Cumberland,  Marvland,  in  1865. 

MATTHIAS  PETTIT,  farmer,  Swarfs,  Penn.,  who  was  born 
April  23,  1831,  is  a  prominent  farmer  and  stock-grower  of  Morris 
Township.  He  is  a  son  of  Charles  and  Keziah  (Coe)  Pettit.  His 
father,  wdio  Avas  a  farmer  by  occupation,  M-as  born  July  2,  1801,  and 
died  in  1871.  He  spent  most  of  his  life  ip  Greene  County,  where 
he  reared  a  family  of  eight  children — five  girls  and  three  boys. 
Matthias  is  the  oldest  in  the  family,  and  was  reared  in  Morris  Town- 
ship, lie  has  been  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits  from  his  youth, 
and  is  the  owner  of  a  well  improved  farm  of  125  acres  where  he 
now  resides.  He  was  married  in  this  county,  December  11,  1868, 
to  Miss  Euth,  daughter  of  Nathan  Penn.  Mrs.  Pettit's  father  was 
a  farmer,  of  English  descent.  Her  mother's  maiden  name  w^as  Pachel 
McCullough,  wiio  was  of  Irish  descent.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Pettit  have  a 
family  of  four  children — Jennie,  Mary,  Rachel  and  Richard.  In 
politics  Mr.  Pettit  is  a  Democrat.  He  and  wife  are  leading  members 
of  the  Baptist  Church. 

THOMAS  M.  ROSS,  ex-county  commissioner.  Sycamore,  Penn., 
is  a  prominent  farmer  and  stock-grower  ot  Morris  Township.  He 
was  born  in  Washington  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn., 
March  10,  1831,  and  is  a  son  of  Jacob  and  Abigail  (Ross)  Ross. 
Though  of  the  same  name,  his  parents  were  not  related.  They  were 
natives  of  this  county,  and  of  English  and  German  origin.  His 
father,  who  was  a  ftirmer,  died  in  1856.  Thomas  M.  was  the  sixth 
in  a  family  of  nine  children.  He  was  reared  on  the  farm,  in  Rich- 
hill  Township,  where  he  attended  the  district  schools  and  made 
farmino-  liis  main   t^ccnpation.      He   was   united   in  marriage,   March 


HISTORY    OF    GKEENE    COUNTY. 

13,  1856,  with  Sarah  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Benjamin  Franklin  and 
Mary  (Goodwin)  liickej,  who  were  of  English  and  Dutch  origin. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ross  are  the  parents  of  eleven  children,  ten  living — 
Celesta  Ann,  wife  of  Benjamin  F.  Orr;  Hiram  Franklin,  who  mar- 
ried Dora,  daughter  of  Daniel  Loughman;  Catharine  I.  V.,  wife  of 
John  Church;  Fhilena,  wife  of  Jesse  F.  Hill;  Sadie  A.,  Timothy 
J.,  Mary,  Emma,  Arthur,  Stella  and  Thomas  L.  A.  (deceased).  *  In 
1875  Mr.  lioss  sold  his  farm  and  engaged  in  the  business  of  huck- 
stering  until  1881,  when  he  was  elected  commissioner  of  Greene 
County.  In  1881  he  bought  his  present  farm  of  155  acres.  He  has 
served  three  yeans  as  director  of  the  poor.  He  belongs  to  the 
Masonic  fraternity  and  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  Mr.  Boss  took  an  active  in- 
terest in  the  Granger  movement.  He  is  a  public-spirited,  progress- 
ive citizen.  He  belongs  to  the  ]3ates'  Fork  Baptist  Chui-ch,  of  which 
his  wife,  who  died  in  1887,  was  also  a  devoted  member. 

REUBEN  SANDERS,  farmer  and  stock-grower.  West  Union, 
Penn.,  was'  born  February  17,  1831,  on  the  farm  where  he  now  re- 
sides. He  is  a  son  of  Reuben  and  Fannie  F.  (Rutan)  Sanders. 
Reuben  Sanders,  Sr.,  was  an  early  settler  and  prominent  farmer  of 
Morris  Township).  His  family  consisted  of  thirteen  children,  ten  of 
whom  grew  to  maturity.  The  subject  of  our  sketch,  who  was  next 
to  the  youngest  in  the  family,  was  reared  on  the  farm  he  now  owns, 
and  attended  the  district  school.  He  has  made  farming  his  occupa- 
zion  through  life,  and  is  the  owner  of  182  acres  of  land  well  stocked 
and  improved.  In  1857  he  was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Mar- 
garet, daughter  of  Charles  and  Keziah  Pettit.  Mrs.  Sanders  is  a 
sister  of  Matthias  and  Elymas  Pettit,  prominent  farmers  in  this 
township.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Sanders  have  one  child — Hester  Ann,  who 
is  the  wife  of  Jonathan  Supler.  Mrs.  Sanders  is  a  faithful  member 
of  the  Baptist  Church. 

GEORGE  SHAPE. — Among  the  descendants  of  the  early  set- 
tlers M^e  mention  the  name  of  George  Shape,  one  of  the  representa- 
tive farmers  and  stock-growers  of  Greene  County.  He  was  born  in 
1842,  on  the  farm  whei-e  he  resides  in  Morris  Township,  and  is  a  son 
of  John  and  Elizabeth  (Huffman)  Shape,  the  former  a  native  of 
Maryland.  His  grandfather,  Peter  Shape,  came  from  Maryland  to 
Greene  County,  Penn.,  in  1814,  and  settled  on  a  farm.  Here 
George's  father  was  raised,  and  spent  his  life  as  a  farmer.  He  died 
in  1858,  in  his  sixty-tliird  year.  He  reared  a  family  of  twelve  chil- 
dren, eleven  of  whom  are  now  living.  They  are — Peter,  Katie,  Mary, 
Julia  Ann,  Elizabeth,  Reasin,  George,  Eliza  J.,  William,  Minerva, 
Deborah  and  S.  B.  Their  parents  were  members  of  the  Cumberland 
Presbyterian  Church.  George  was  the  seventh  in  the  family.  lie 
has  made  farming  his  business,  owning  at  present  a  fine  farm  of  135 
acres.     His  brothers  are  all  farmers,   except  Reasin,  vi'ho  is  a  first- 


IIlSTOIiY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  809 

class  carpenter;  he  also  owns  a  farm  where  he  resides  in  this  town- 
sliip.  George  is  a  member  of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church 
at  Nineveh,  and  has  served  as  elder. 

JACOB  SllOUF,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  Swart's,  Peiin.,  was 
born  in  Fayette  County,  Penn.,  May  24,  1825.  His  parents,  John 
and  Margaret  (Miller)  Shoup,  were  also  natives  of  Fayette  County,  and 
of  English  and  German  origin.  His  father  was  a  millwrigiit  and 
miller  by  trade  and  occupation,  and  followed  his  chosen  business 
through  life.  His  fannly  consisted  of  three  children.  Jacob  was 
the  second,  and  spent  the  first  sixteen  years  of  his  life  on  the  home 
farm  in  Fayette  County.  lie  attended  the  common  schools  in  Greene 
County,  and  chose  farming  as  his  occupation,  in  which  he  has  met 
with  more  than  average  success.  Through  his  own  enterprise  and 
industry  he  has  secured  a  fine  farm  of  117  acres.  In  1860  Mr. 
Shoup  was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Catharine,  daughter  of 
Frederick  and  Rebecca  (Stewart)  Ilunnell,  natives  of  this  county. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Siioup  have  four  children — William  Spencer,  Rebecca 
Ann,  wife  of  Samuel  McCullough;  George  E.  and  Ulysses  Grant. 
Mr.  Shoup  is  a  Republican  in  politics,  and  he  and  Mrs.  Shoup  belong 
to  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

HUGH  SIMPSON,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  Swart's,  Penn.,  was 
born  in  Morris  Township,  this  county,  February  21, 1833,  and  is  a  son 
of  John  and  Mary  (Auld)  Simpson.  His  father,  a  native  of  this 
county,  of  Irish  descent,  was  a  mechanic,  and  died  in  1846.  Hugh 
was  the  oldest  of  a  family  of  five  children,  was  reared  on  a  farm  and 
received  a  common-school  education.  He  chose  farming  as  an  occu 
pation,  and  has  engaged  therein  all  his  life.  He  is  the  owner  of  a 
well-stocked  and  improved  farm  consisting  of  162  acres.  He  was 
united  in  marriage,  in  1859,  with  Esther,  daughter  of  Thomas  Pat- 
terson, and  they  are  the  parents  of  three  children — Waitraan  T., 
Annie  and  Maggie.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Simpson  are  prominent  members 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  in  Avhich  he  is  trustee,  and 
superintendent  of  the  Sabbath-school.  In  politics  Mr.  Simpson  is  a 
Republican.      He  has  served  as  school  director  in  his  township. 

J.  W.  SIMPSON,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  Swart's,  Penn.,  was 
born  in  Morris  Township,  this  county,  April  23,  1842,  and  is  a  son 
of  A¥illiam  and  Ruth  (Fulton)  Simpson.  His  mother  was  a  native 
of  AYashington  County,  Penn.  His  father  was  born  on  the  farm 
where  J.  W.  resides.  This  farm  first  came  into  the  possession  of  the 
family  through  their  grandfather.  Rev.  John  Simpson,  who  was  born 
in  Ireland,  March  13,  1758.  He  landed  in  America  August  12, 
1791,  and  came  to  Greene  County  in  the  fall  of  1796.  He  married 
Miss  Rebecca  Gregory,  who  was  born  in  Farmingah,  Ireland,  August 
12,  1767.  In  1816  they  opened  their  dwelling  as  a  place  for  public 
worship,  and  the  neighbors  held  meetings   there  for  near  forty  years. 


810  IIlSTOllY    OF    GKEENE    COUNTY. 

J.  W.  Simpson  was  an  only  child,  was  reared  on  the  farm  and  re- 
ceived a  common-school  education.  He  has  made  a  business  of 
farming  and  has  met  with  success.  His  farm  consists  of  197  acres 
of  land  well  stocked  and  improved.  He  was  married,  September  27, 
18G6,  to  America  Ann,  daughter  of  Jacob  and  Permina  (Allum) 
Swart,  who  were  of  English  origin.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Simpson  have 
been  born  seven  children — Carrie,  Mary,  Ruth,  Swart,  Flora,  John 
and  William.  Their  mother  is  a  zealous  member  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church.  In  politics  Mr  Simpson  is  a  EepulJican.  In 
1864  he  enlisted  in  Company  E,  Fourteenth  Pennsylvania  Cavahy, 
and  was  discharged  May  30,  18(]5.  He  belongs  to  the  Masonic 
fraternity.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Waynesburg  Encampment,  No. 
119,  and  Waynesburg  Lodge,  No.  467,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  also  of  the 
G.  A.  R.,  Post  No.  367,  Department  of  Pennsylvania. 

JACOB  SWAPT,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  Swarfs,  Penn.,  was 
born  in  Washington  County,  Penn.,  December  25,  1820.  His  par- 
ents, Phillip  and  Ascnah  (Walton)  Swart,  were  also  natives  of  Wash- 
ington County,  and  of  Dutch  and  Irish  ancestry.  Jacob  is  the  second 
in  a  family  of  nine  children.  He  was  reared  on  a  farm  in  Amwell 
Township,  where  he  received  his  education  in  one  of  the  old  log 
school-houses  of  that  day.  He  chose  farming  as  a  business,  to  which 
he  devoted  his  entire  time  until  forty  years  of  age.  lie  came  to 
Greene  County  in  1842,  and  was  united  in  marriage.  May  5,  with 
Paulina,  daughter  of  Charles  and  Jemima  (Barnhart)  AUum,  who 
were  of  Englisli  descent.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Swart  have  twenty-seven 
grandchildren.  They  have  a  family  of  four  sons  and  live  daughters — 
America  A.,  wife  of  J.  W.  Simpson;  Amos  C,  a  farmer;  Florence 
B.,  wife  of  William  Dunn;  Virginia  I.,  wife  of  James  lams,  and 
Senie  Jane,  Mary  E.,  John  N.,  Henry  Clay  and  Franklin  L.,  deceased. 
Mr.  Swart  bought  a  farm  in  Washington  Township  in  1843,  and  in 
1880  he  bought  his  present  farm.  In  1861  he  purchased  an  interest 
in  a  general  store,  and  they  continued  in  business  together  for  two 
years,  when  Mr.  Swart  became  sole  proprietor.  He  continued  in  the 
mercantile  business  for  fifteen  years,  and  sold  his  store  in  1877.  Mr. 
Swart  is  a  Republican,  hut  is  always  willing  to  vote  for  a  good  man 
for  office,  independent  of  party  or  politics.  He  has  been  postmaster 
at  Swarfs  for  the  past  seventeen  years.  Mr.  Swart  is  a  self-made 
man,  his  success  in  life  having  been  due  largely  to  his  own  enterprise 
and  industry.  He  is  a  progressive  citizen,  ever  ready  to  aid  a  good 
enterprise,  and  was  one  of  those  most  instrumental  in  the  building 
of  the  W.  &  W.  Railroad.  He  was  a  member  of  the  buildino; 
committee  and  superintendent  of  the  road  for  two  years. 

WILLIAM  SIMPSON  THROCKMORTON,  physician  and  sur- 
geon, Nineveh,  Penn.,  was  born  March  2,  1888.  He  is  a  son  of 
Mofford  and  Nancy  (Simpson)  Throckmorton,  who   were  of  English 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  811 

and  Irisli  origin.  His  inotliev  was  born  in  this  county,  and  his  father 
was  a  native  of  New  Jersey,  and  among  the  early  settlers  of  Greene 
County,  Penn.,  where  he  died  in  1884.  The  Doctor  is  the  ninth  in 
a  family  of  thirteen  children,  and  was  reared  on  the  farm  in  Center 
Township,  where  he  obtained  his  early  education.  He  subsequently 
attended  Allegheny  College,  but  afterwards  completed  his  collegiate 
studies  at  Waynesburg  College,  Penn.  He  chose  the  practice  of 
medicine  as  liis  profession,  and  in  1863  entered  Jefferson  Medical 
College  at  Philadelphia,  where  he  graduated  in  1865.  He  then 
began  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Nineveh,  in  Greene  County, 
where  he  has  been  actively  engaged  ever  since,  with  the  exception  of 
the  time  spent  at  the  lectures.  The  Doctor  has  thoroughly 
prepared  himself  for  his  work,  liaving  taken  a  regular  course  of 
lecturers  in  five  of  the  most  noted  medical  colleges  in  the  United 
States.  He  has  an  extensive  library  and  keeps  his  office  "well  supplied 
with  the  leading  publications  in  medical  science.  He  is  much  attached 
to  his  jjrofession,  and  also  takes  an  active  interest  in  the  welfare  of 
his  town  and  community.  He  is  a  leading  member  of  the  State 
Medical  Association,  and  belongs  to  the  Greene  County  Medical 
Society,  of  which  he  has  been  president  and  corresponding  secretrry. 
He  was  married  in  1866,  to  Miss  Caroline  M.,  daughter  of  Jesse 
Hill,  of  Waynesburg,  Penn.,  and  they  have  four  children — Jessie, 
Charley,  Willie  and  Mofford.  Doctor  Throckmorton  and  wife  are 
members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  in  which  he  is  trustee, 
steM'ard,  superintendent  of  the  Sabbath-school,  and  has  been  an  official 
member  for  thirty  years.  He  has  been  identified  with  the  Masonic 
and  Odd  Fellowship  fraternities  and  is  forward  in  every  good  word 
and  work,  a  blessing  to  his  generation  and  community. 


'       PERRY    TO^A^NSHIP. 

HON.  JOHN  BLAIR,  the  present  member  of  the  Legislature 
from  Greene  County,  Penn.,  is  a  farmer  and  stock-grower  by  occupa- 
tion, and  was  born  in  Wayne  Township,  December  25,  1841.  He  is 
the  only  son  of  Isaac  and  Elizabeth  (Ross)  Blair,  the  former  a  native 
of  Greene  County,  and  the  latter  of  Crawford  County,  Penn.,  and 
of  Dutch  and  Irish  extraction.  His  father,  who  was  a  farmer  and 
stone-mason,  was  born  in  1810  and  died  August  26, 1846.  Mr.  Blair 
was  reared  on  the  home  farm  in  this  county,  and  attended  the  district 


812  HISTORY    OF    GllEENE    COUNTY. 

schools.  lie  has  been  a  successful  farmer  all  his  life,  and  owns  a 
fine  farm  of  250  acres.  In  1861  he  was  united  in  marriage,  in 
Monongalia  County,  W.  Ya.,  with  Miss  Amy,  daughter  of  Jonathan 
and  Charlotte  (Bightodah)  Brown.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Blair's  children 
are  William  F.,  G.  W.  W.,  a  teacher;  Anna,  wife  of  Oliver  Lemley; 
Belle,  wife  of  William  Wright;  L.  L.,  Olive,  C.  B.  and  Ross  B.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Blair  are  members  of  the  Disciple  Church.  He  is  a  Demo- 
crat, and  was  elected  to  the  House  of  Representatives  in  188(3.  He 
had  previously  held  the  office  of  justice  of  the  peace  for  hve  years, 
and  was  school  director  for  a  period  of  twelve  years. 

T.  W.  BOYDSTON,  proprietor  of  the  Mount  Morris  Tan- 
nery, was  born  in  West  Yirginia,  November  1,  1844,  lie  is  the 
son  of  E.  L.  and  Ruhama  (Jackson)  Boydston,  who  were  of  English 
and  Irish  origin.  They  resided  in  Dunkard  Township,  this  county, 
where  the  father  died  in  1853,  leaving  a  family  of  six  children.  Of 
these  the  subject  of  our  sketch  is  the  oldest,  and  was  reared  in  West 
Yirginia,  where  he  received  his  education  in  the  Military  Academy 
at  Morgantown.  Early  in  life  he  learned  the  printer's  trade,  which 
he  followed  successfully  for  some  time.  He  had  charge  of  the  print- 
ing for  the  Legislature  at  Harrisburg,  Penn.  Since  .1877  he  has 
been  engaged  in  his  present  business  at  Mount  Morris.  In  1802 
Mr.  Boydston  enlisted  in  Company  K,  Fourteenth  West  Yirginia 
Infantry,  in  which  he  served  first  as  a  private,  then  as  Seargeant,  and 
Second  Lieutenant.  He  was  united  in  marriage,  in  1877,  with  Han- 
nah, daughter  of  James  L.  Donley.  They  are  the  parents  of  four 
children — Clara,  Sallie,  Frederick  and  Yirginia.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Boydston  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  in  which 
he  holds  several  official  positions,  and  is  also  greatly  interested  in  tlie 
Sabbath- school.  He  is  a  Republican,  also  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F., 
and  is  Quartermaster  of  G.  A.  R.  Post,  No.  450. 

THORNTON  E.  BOYDSTON,  Mount  Morris,  Penn.— Among 
the  most  highly  respected  citizens  of  Perry  Township  is  the  gentle- 
man whose  name  heads  this  sketch.  He  was  born  at  Mount  Morris, 
October  12,  1833,  and  is  a  son  of  B.  and  Mary  (Wiley)  Boydston. 
His  father  was  also  a  native  of  this  county,  and  his  motlier  was  born 
in  West  Yirginia.  His  father  was  a  farmer  all  his  life,  and  reared  a 
family  of  twelve  children.  The  subject  of  tliis  sketch  was  next  to 
the  youngest  in  the  family,  and  Avas  reared  in  his  native  township. 
He  received  his  education  in  the  common  schools,  and  engaged  in 
farming  as  his  life  work.  Mr.  Boydston  has  been  successful  in  his 
business  affairs,  and  now  owns  a  fine  farm  of  160  acres.  In  1858  he 
married  Susannah,  daughter  of  Joseph  R.  Donley.  Their  children 
are — Emma,  wife  of  L.  C.  Evans;  Sarah  A.,  wife'of  Lewis  Lemley; 
Mary,  Charles  B,,  James  and  Anna  M.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Boydston  are 
consistent  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  in  which  he 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  813 

serves  as  trustee:  He  is  a  Republican  in  politics,  and  has  been  a 
member  of  the  school  board  in  his  township. 

O.  J.  BROWN,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  Mount  Morris,  Penn., 
was  born  in  Perry  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  May  21,  1852, 
and  is  a  son  of  Reuben  and  Rebecca  (McClnre)  Brown,  also  natives 
of  this  county.  His  ancestors  were  early  settlers  of  Dunkard  Town- 
ship, and  of  Irish,  Welsh  and  German  extraction.  His  father  is  a 
prominent  farmer  in  this  county.  The  subject  of  our  sketch  is 'the 
youngest  in  a  family  of  five  children.  He  was  reared  on  the  farm 
and  received  a  good  English  education.  He  subsequently  attended 
Jefterson  and  Waynesburg  colleges,  and  made  a  special  study  of  sur- 
veying and  civil  engineering.  He  turned  his  attention  to  farming 
and  stock-growing,  however,  and  has  a  fine  little  farm  of  sixty-five 
acres.  In  1884  Mr.  Brown  married  Miss  Mary,  daughter  of  Jacob 
and  Fannie  (Lemmon)  Eakin,  and  they  have  one  daughter — Hallie 
May.  They  are  Methodists  in  religion,  and  Mr.  Brown  is  superin- 
tendent of  the  Sabbath-school  in  that  church.  He  is  a  Democrat  in 
politics,  and  judge  of  elections  in  1888. 

REUBEN  P>ROWN,  is  a  descendant  of  the  early  settlers  of 
Greene  County,  his  ancestors  having  settled  near  the  source  of 
Dunkard  Creek  in  1801,  and  removed  to  Perry  Township  in  1812. 
Reuben  still  owns  and  resides  on  the  farm  where  they  settled,  near 
Mount  Morris,  Penn.  He  was  born  August  26,  1816,  on  this  farm, 
where  he  has  spent  all  his  life,  except  the  short  time  he  lived  in 
Monongalia  County,  W.  Ya.  Here  he  grew  to  manhood,  receiving 
his  early  education  in  the  old  log  school-house.  His  father  was  Reu- 
ben Brown,  and  his  mother's  maiden  name  was  Rebecca  John.  They 
were  of  Welsh  and  German  origin.  His  father  was  born  in  Lou- 
doun County,  Va.,  M'as  a  farmer  by  occupation,  and  died  in  Greene 
County  in  1867,  at  the  advanced  age  of  ninety-seven  years.  The 
history  of  the  family  shows  them  to  have  been  farmers  and  stock- 
growers,  and  usually  successful  in  their  business  aftairs.  Reuben 
is  one  of  the  prosperous  farmers  of  his  township,  and  owns  200  acres 
of  valuable  land.  He  was  married  September  20,  1839,  to  Rebecca 
McClure,  who  is  a  native  of  Dunkard  Township,  and  the  daughter 
of  William  and  Jane  (King)  McClure.  Her  ancestors,  who  were  of 
Irish  extraction,  came  to  Greene  County  in  1817  and  settled  in 
Dunkard  Towmsliip.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Brown  are  the  parents  of  five 
children — James  M.,  who  is  now  engaged  in  farming  and  railroading 
in  the  West;  Susan  C,  wife  of  B.  Ross;  O.  J.,  a  farmer  in  Perry 
Township;  Samantha  Jane,  who  was  the  wife  of  L.  A.  Morris  (de- 
ceased), and  William,  who  was  shot  through  mistake  by  a  deserter  in 
the  late  Rebellion.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Brown  are  active  members  of  the 
Baptist  Church.  He  takes  an  active  interest  in  the  schools,  and  has 
frequently  served  as  school  director  in  his  township. 


814  HISTORY    OF    Gl'^EENE    COUNTY. 

S.  A.  CO  WELL,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  Mount  Morris,  Penn., 
was  born  in  Wliiteley  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  October  15, 
18G4.  lie  is  a  son  of  Solomon  and  Eliza  (Mike)  Cowell,  who  were 
of  English  extraction,  Llis  mother  was  a  native  of  West  Yirginia. 
His  father,  who  was  a  farmer  and  stock  drover,  was  born  in  Greene 
County,  Penn.,  where  he  died,  leaving  a  family  of  fourteen  children. 
Of  these  the  subject  of  our  sketch  is  the  youngest,  and  was  reared 
in  this  county,  receiving  his  education  in  the  common  schools.  He 
is  one  of  the  industrious  and  enterprising  young  farmers  of  his  town- 
ship, and  owns  a  good  farm  of  ninety-eight  acres.  In  1885  Mr. 
Cowell  was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Sarah,  daughter  of  Dennis 
Fox,  a  prominent  farmer  in  Perry  Township.  They  have  two  bright 
and  interesting  children — Vincent  Earl  and  Dennis  Floyd.  Mr. 
Cowell  is  a  Republican  in  politics. 

D.  L.  DONLEY,  farmer  and  stock-grower.  Mount.  Morris,  Penn. 
ximong  the  most  prominent  members  of  the  large  family  of  Donleys 
in  this  county,  none  are  more  noted  for  their  liberality  and  progres- 
sive spirit  than  D.  L.  Donley,  the  subject  of  our  sketch.  He  was 
born  in  Perry  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  June  11,  183(j,  and 
is  the  son  of  J.  P.  and  Sarah  (Lemley)  Donley.  His  mother  was  the 
daughter  of  David  and  Puhana  (Snider)  Lemley,  and  of  German  and 
Irisli  origin.  His  father  is  a  native  of  Dunkard  Township  and  is 
still  living  at  the  advanced  nge  of  seventy-six  years.  D.  L.  Donley's 
grandparents,  James  and  Susannah  (Robinson)  Donley,  came  from 
Washington  County,  to  Greene  County  in  1790,  and  settled  on  a 
farm.  The  subject  of  our  sketch  is  a  nephew  of  Hon.  Patrick  Don- 
ley, and  a  cousin  of  ex-congressman  J.  B.  Donley,  of  AVaynesburg, 
Penn.  He  Avas  reared  in  Perrj'-  Township,  attended  the  common 
schools  and  early  in  life  was  put  to  work  on  the  farm.  He  has  been 
successful  in  his  business  and  is  the  owner  of  500  acres  of  vahiable 
land.  It  was  through  Mr.  Donley's  influence  that  the  oil  field  has 
been  opened  up  in  that  section,  and  the  largest  gas  and  oil  wells  are 
situated  on  his  land  near  Mount  Morris.  Mr.  Donley  was  married 
in  West  Virginia,  August  20,  1861,  to  Miss  Louisa,  daughter  of 
Alexander  and  Sarah  (Hague)  Evans.  Her  father  was  born  near 
Garard's  Fort  in  January,  1806,  and  is  the  son  of  Eleazar  and 
MartJia  (Vance)  Evans.  Mrs.  Evans  is  a  native  of  New  Jersey  and 
Mr.  Evans  of  Loudoun  County,  Virginia.  He  is  a  retired  farmer, 
owning  over  400  acres  of  land.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Donley  have  seven 
children — Laura,  wife  of  Dr.  Owen,  of  Oak  Forest,  Penn.;  Josephine, 
wife  of  D.  B.  Adams,  of  Waynesburg,  Penn.;  Evans,  Leanna,  Meda, 
Ellsworth  J.  and  Edward  G.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Donley  are  prominent 
members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  He  takes  great  in- 
terest in  educational  matters,  and  has  served  as  school  director  at 
Mount  Morris. 


HISTORY    OF    GKEENE    COUNTY.  815 

DENNIS  FOX,  who  is  probably  as  well  known  as  any  private 
citizen  of  Greene  County,  is  a  successful  farmer  and  stock-grower, 
and  was  born  April  5,  1827,  on  tlie  farm  wbere  he  resides.  His 
parents,  Henry  and  Susan  (Dulaney)  Fox,  were  descended  from  the 
Uutch,  and  natives  of  this  county.  Peter  and  Mary  (Thomas)  Fox, 
his  grandparents,  came  to  this  county  from  New  Jersey,  and  settled 
on  the  farm  which  Dennis  now  owns.  Here  Peter  Fox  planted  a 
little  willow  sprout  which  he  brought  with  him,  and  the  tree  is  now 
twenty-one  feet  in  circumference,  by  actual  measurement.  This  tree 
is  to  remain  standing,  as  Dennis  says,  a  monument  to  the  memory 
of  him  who  planted  it  so  many  years  ago.  Mr.  Fox  has  a  fine  farm 
of  nearly  oOO  acres,  well  stocked  and  improved,  his  barns  being 
among  the  best  in  Perry  Township.  He  was  .united  in  marriage, 
January  18,  1848,  with  Miss  Betsey,  daughter  of  David  and  Eliza- 
l)eth  (McCann)  John.  She  is  of  Irish  and  English  extraction.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Fox  have  ten  children — Henry,  David,  Osborn,  Kinsey, 
James,  Marion,  Susan,  wife  of  Spencer  Cowell;  Sarah  Jane  Cowell, 
and  John  and  Elizabeth,  deceased.  Mr.  Fox  is  a  Republican  in 
politics. 

SxVMUEL  GUTHRIE,  a  farmer  and  stock-grower  of  Perry  Town- 
sliip,  was  born  in  Greene  County,  Penn.,  December  18,  1820,  and  is 
a  son  of  Archibald  and  Elizabeth  (Lemley)  Guthrie,  also  natives  of 
Greene  County,  and  of  Irish  and  Dutch  origin.  His  father,  who 
was  a  farmer  and  a  pioneer  settler  in  Whiteley  Township,  died  in 
this  county  in  1845.  Samuel  is  the  seventh  in  a  family  often  chil- 
dren and  grew  to  maturity  on  the  home  farm,  attending  the  sub- 
scription schools.  He  has  successfully  followed  farming  as  his  chief 
pursuit,  and  is  the  owner  of  133  acres  of  valuable  land  where  he  re- 
sides near  Kirby  P.  O.  Mr.  Guthrie's  wife  was  Miss  Nancy, 
daughter  of  James  and  Nancy  (Stephens)  Patterson.  Her  parents 
were  natives  of  this  county,  and  of  Irish  and  German  descent.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Guthrie's  clilldren  are — Elizabeth,  wife  of  Alfred  Moore, 
of  West  Virginia';  James  P.,  a  farmer;  Hannah  Martha,  wife  of 
Franklin  Henderson;  and  Priscilla,  deceased.'  Mr.  Guthrie  is  a  Re- 
publican. His  wife  is  a  devoted  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church. 

GEORGE  W.  GUTHRIE,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  Kirby, 
Penn.,  was '  born  in  Whiteley  Township,  this  county,  March  26, 
1848.  His  parents,  Solomon  and  Elizabeth  (Fry)  Guthrie,^  are  also 
natives  of  Greene  County,  and  of  English  and  German  origin.  His 
father,  for  many  years  a  farmer  and  stock-grower,  has  now  retired 
from  the  more  active  duties  of  life  and  resides  in  Whiteley  Town- 
ship. George  is  the  fifth  in  a  family  of  six  children,  and  was  reared 
-on  the  farm  in  Whiteley  Township.  He  is  an  industrious  farmer, 
paying  close  attention  to  his  business,  and  is   the  owner   of  a  good 


816  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

farm  of  123  acres.  In  1870  he  married  Adaline,  daughter  of  John 
and  Hannah  (^llose)  Cowell,  natives  of  Greene  County,  and  of  Dutch 
extraction.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  (lathrie  have  one  daughter — Ida  Estelhi. 
They  are  members  of  the  Southern  Methodist  Church,  in  which  Mr. 
Guthrie  is  trustee,  and  superintendent  of  tlie  Sabbath-school.  He  is 
a  Ilepublican,  and  has  served  as  assessor  in  his  townsliip. 

CYKENIUS  HAINES,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born  in 
Greene  County,  Penn.,  April  1,  1823.  His  parents,  George  and 
Jane  (McCord)  Haines,  were  natives  of  New  York.  His  mother 
was  of  Scotch  and  Dutch  ancestry.  His  father,  who  was  of  English 
extraction,  was  a  farmer  by  occupation,  and  died  in  1850  in  his 
sevent}'- seventh  year.  Cyrenius  is  the  eighth  in  a  family  of  eleven 
children  and  was  reared  on  the  farm  in  this  county,  where  he  at- 
tended the  common  school.  Early  in  life  he  spent  some  time  as  a 
bookseller  but  subsequently  turned  his  attention  to  farming  and 
stock-growing,  and  is  the  owner  of  a  farm  of  255  acres,  well  stocked 
and  improved.  Mr.  Haines  has  been  twice  married.  His  first  wife 
died  in  1851,  but  a  few  weeks  after  her  marriage.  His  second  wife, 
whom  he  married  in  Virginia  in  1852,  was  Mary  Ann,  da-ughter  of 
Burton  and  Nancy  (Sutton)  Pride.  She  is  of  English  origin.  Her 
father  was  born  in  1800  in  Virginia.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Haines'  chil- 
dren  are  Erancis  B.,  George  D.,  William  G.,  Lewis  Spencer,  D.  D., 
a  farmer;  John  J.  and  Melinda  A.  They  have  eleven  grandchildren — 
Lewis  E.,  Emerson,  John  C.  and  Clarence,  children  of  their  oldest 
son;  Franklin,  Margaret,  Cora  Bell  and  Viola,  whose  father  is  George 
D.;  and  Ida  E.,"  William  L.,  Cyrenius,  George  and  Sarah  A.,  whose 
father  is  William  G. ;  Noah  L.  and  D.,  whose  father  is  Lewis  S. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Haines  are  Methodists  in  religion.  He  has  been 
trustee  in  the  church  and  superintendent  of  the  Sabbath-school. 

JACOB  HATFIELD,  physician  and  surgeon.  Mount  Morris, 
Penn.,  was  born  in  Monongahela  Township,  this  county,  December 
19,  1839,  and  is  a  son  of  G.  W.  and  Mary  (Richey)  Hatfield,  who 
are  of  English  descent  and  natives  of  Greene  and*  Fayette  counties, 
respectively.  Dr.  Hatfield's  father  is  a  farmer  by  occupation.  Of 
his  seven  children,  six  are  now  living,  of  whom  the  Doctor  is  the  oldest. 
He  was  reared  with  his  parents  on  the  farm  in  Whiteley  Township, 
where  he  attended  the  district  schools.  At  an  early  age  he  man- 
ifested an  inclination  for  the  study  of  medicine,  and  went  to  Colum- 
biana County,  Ohio,  where  he  took  a  regular  course.  In  1864  he 
began  his  professional  career  at  Mount  Morris,  Penn.,  where  he  has 
since  remained  in  active  practice.  Dr.  Hatfield  is  very  much  at- 
tached to  his  profession,  and  has  thoroughly  informed  himself  in  its 
difl^erent  branches.  Lie  has  successfully  performed  several  extremely 
difiicult  surgical  operations.  On  May  12,  1863,  Dr.  Hatfield  was 
united    in    marriage    with   Caroline,  daughter  of  Henry    Morris,  of 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  817 

Wliitelej  Township.  Mrs.  Hatlield  is  of  German  origin.  They  have 
three  children — G.  W.,  Maggie  N.  and  Plenry  Morris.  Their  oldest 
son  is  a  pliysician  ai:d  is  now  in  practice  with  his  father.  He  was 
born  and  reared  in  Monnt  Morris.  He  first  stndied  medicine  with 
his  father,  after  which  he  went  to  Baltinjore  and  attended  the  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  for  two  years;  subsequently  took  the 
regular  course  at  the  Western  Pennsylvania  Medical  College,  at 
Pittsburgh,  Penn.,  graduating  in  1887.  Dr.  Hatlield  and  wife  are 
prominent  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  in  which 
he  has  held  various  official  offices.  He  is  a  Kepublican,  and  has 
served  on  thexschool  board  at  Mount  Morris,  Penn. 

G.  r.  HEADLEY,  teacher  and  surveyor.  Brock,  Penn.,  was  born 
in  Perry  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  June  27,  1853.  His  par- 
ents, Ephraim  and  Maria  (Haines)  Headley,  were  also  natives  of  this 
county,  and  of  Scotch  and  English  extraction.  His  father,  a  prom- 
inent farmer  in  Perry  Township,  is  a  son  of  Jesse  and  Maria  (Cox) 
Headley.  G.  F.  Ileadley's  grandfather  was  born  in  Greene  County, 
Penn.  His  great-grandfather,  Ephraim  Headley,  was  among  the 
pioneer  settlers  of  Kew  Jersey,  and  one  of  the  first  farmers  and 
hunters  who  came  to  Greene  County,  Penn.,  while  it  was  still  in- 
habited by  the  Indians.  The  family  have  usually  been  farmers  and 
drovers.  The  subject  of  our  sketch  grew  up  on  the  farm,  being  the 
second  in  a  family  of  three  children.  He  attended  the  High  School 
at  Mount  Morris,  Penn.,  and  also  took  a  college  course.  For  thir- 
teen years  Mr.  Headley  has  been  successfully  engaged  as  a  teacher. 
He  has  also  given  considerable  attention  to  the  study  of  surveying, 
and  devotes  a  part  of  his  time  to  that  work.  He  is  also  a  fanner 
and  stock-grower  by  occupation  and  owns  a  good  farm  where  he  re- 
sides. In  1879  Mr.  Headley  married  Miss  S.  A,,  daughter  of  John 
Conner,  of  Perry  Township.  Mrs.  Headley  is  of  German  and  Irisli 
origin.  Their  children  are  Florence  B.,  Julius  B.,  Fred  and  Ger- 
trude. Mr.  Headley  is  a  Kepublican.  ^  He  and  his  wife  are  mem- 
bers of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  In  connection  with  our 
subject's  sketch,  we  give  a  brief  sketch  of  his  ancestor's  advent  into 
Greene  County,  Penn.:  Sometime  prior  to  the  American  Revolu- 
tion, the  2:reat-crreat-ofreat-f>-randfather,  Pichard  Headlee,  who  was 
an 'English  sailor,  in  the  the  service  of  Great  Britain,  concluded 
to  desert  the  standard  of  the  Stuarts,  and  seek  an  asylum  in  the 
wilds  of  North  America.  After  making  his  escape  from  the 
British  service,  he  settled  in  Xew  Jersey,  where  he  afterwards 
married.  But  according  to  English  law,  ''Once  an  Englishman 
always  an  Englishman,"  he  w.as  not  allowed  to  enjoy  the  quiet 
of  his  new  home  very  long.  The  British  authorities  finding  out 
his  whereabouts,  had  him  arrested,  which  was  done  by  a  party 
of  twenty  Britisli  sailors,  not  however  until  he  had  given  them  an 


818  HISTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

exhibition  of  bis  prowess,  and  felled  several  of  tbetn  to  the  ground 
in  good  old  British  style,  lie  was  overpowered,  taken  back  into  ser- 
vice and  kept  seven  years  from  his  family.  Bat  his  long  service  as 
a  sailor  made  him  familiar  with  the  seaport  towns  and  the  American 
coast,  so  taking  advantage  of  the  situation  in  the  darkness  of  the 
night,  while  near  shore,  he  leaped  overboard  and  swam  ashore,  and 
Unally  united  with  his  family.  We  know  little  of  his  family,  except 
that  his  son  John,  who  ^vas  G.  F.  Headley's  great-great-grandfither, 
died  while  in  the  Patriot  army,  he  beiiig  old  enuugh  to  have  a  son 
eno-aged  in  the  same  struggle.  Robert  Headlee,  a  nephew  of  John, 
was  in  the  expedition  sent  against  the  Indians,  who  committed  the 
Wyoming  massacre.  Ephraim,  G.  F.  Headley's_  great-grandfather, 
lived  during  the  Revolution  in  New  Jersey,  not  far  from  Trenton, 
being  v,-ithin  sound  of  the  battle  fought  at  that  place.  After  the 
war  he  emigrated  to  North  Carolina,  but  disliking  the  country,  he 
removed  to  Greene   County,  Penn,,  where  he  reared  a  large  family. 

W.  O.  IIEADLEE,  tanner  and  teacher.  Mount  Morris,  Penn., 
was  born  January  27^  1858,  in  Perry  Township,  where  he  grew  to 
manhood.  He  was  reared  on  the  farm  with  his  parents,  receiving  a 
common  school  edncation.  He  also  attended'  the  High  School  at 
Mount  Morris.  Mr.  Headlee  has  been  for  eight  years  teaching  in 
Perry  Township,  but  engages  in  farming  as  his  chief  pursuit,  and 
owns  a  well  improved  farm  of  100  acres.  In  1880  he  was  united  in 
marriage  with  Miss  Margaret,  daughter  of  Phineas  Headley.  Mrs. 
Headlee  is  of  English  origin.  They  are  tlie  parents  of  four  children, 
viz:  Cora,  Ray,  James  Fay  and  Effie.  Mr.  Headlee  is  a  Democrat. 
Fie  and  wife  are  prominent  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church.  He  is  a  self-made  man,  is  industrious  and  energetic,  and 
has  a  great  many  friends  throughout  the  county. 

JOSEPH  HEADLEE,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  is  descended 
from  the  Qarly  setttlers  of  Greene  County.  He  was  born  September 
9,  1834,  and  is  a  son  of  Jesse  and  Maria  (Cox)  Headlee.  His  mother 
was  a  native  of  New  York.  His  father  who  was  born  in  this  county, 
was  eminently  successful  as  a  farmer  and  owned  400  acres  of  land  at 
the  time  of  his  death,  March  15,  1876.  Of  his  ten  children,  Joseph 
is  the  fourth  and  was  reared  on  the  farm  in  Perry  Township.  Mr. 
Headlee  is  an  energetic,  industrious  farmer  and  owns  ninety- 
three  acres  of  well  improved  land  where  he  resides,  near  Mount 
Morris,  Penn.  He  was  united  in  marriage  in  Greene  County, 
in  1869,  with  Catherine,  daughter  of  Alexander  Henderson.  Her 
mother's  maiden  name  was  Catharine  Lemley.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Headlee  were  born  four  qhildren,  viz:  Earnest,  Clyde,  Mark  and 
M.  D.  Mr.  Headlee  has  been  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church  since  1852.  He  is  a  member  of  the  board  of  trustees,  and 
take  ereat  interest  in  the  welfare  of  his  chosen  denomination.     He 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  819 

was  drafted  in  1863  and  served  his  regular  term  in  the  armj.  Mr. 
lleadlee  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  belonging  to  the  Jesse  Taylor 
Post,  No.  450,  of  Mount  Morris,  Penn. 

J.  S.  HOY,  tarmer  and  stock-grower,  born  in  Whiteley  Township, 
this  county,  January  18,  1843,  is  a  son  of  James  and  Isabella 
(Kuhn)  Hoy,  also  natives  of  Greene  County,  and  of  German  origin. 
His  father  died  in  1880.  He  was  a  farmer  and  stock-grower,  and 
reared  a  family  of  eight  children,  of  whom  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
is  the  third.  J.  S.  w^as  reared  in  Perry  Township,  where  he  has  lived 
since  he  was  one  year  of  age.  He  received  his  education  in  the 
common  schools  in  this  township,  and  has  made  farming  his  life 
work.  Mr.  Hoy's  farm  contains  159  and  three  quarters  acres  of  well 
improved  land.  He  was  married  in  this  county,  January  13,  1869, 
to  Melissa,  daughter  of  Isaac  and  Anna  (Myers)  Lemley.  Her 
mother  was  born  in  Virginia,  and  her  father  in  Perry  Township, 
this  county.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hoy  have  an  interesting  family  of  four 
children;  viz.,  Eliza  J.,  James  Isaac,  David  Arthur,  and  Oassie  Ellen. 
Mrs.  Hoy  died  in  1884,  a  faithful  member  of  the  Southern  Metho- 
dist Episcopal  Church.  Mr.  Hoy  is  a  Democrat.  He  is  a  genial, 
agreeable  gentleman,  and  has  a  wide  circle  of  friends  in  the  county. 

MOKUIS  LP^MLEY,  farmer,  stock-grower  and  drover,  was  born 
in  Perry  Township,  Api'il  2,  1834.  His  parents,  Samuel  and  Mar- 
garet Lemle}?-,  were  natives  of  Greene  County,  and  of  German  ex- 
traction. His  father,  wdio  was  a  farmer  by  occupation,  moved  to 
Iowa  in  the  latter  part  of  his  life,  where  he  died  at  the  age  eighty- 
six.  Morris,  the  tifth  in  a  family  of  ten  children,  was  reared  on  the 
farm  and  attended  the  common  school.  He  made  his  own  way  in  the 
world,  and  is  the  owner  of  eight  hundred  acres  of  land — 360  in  his 
home  farm.  Mr.  Lemley's  example  is  worthy  of  emulation.  He 
lirst  engaged  in  farming  on  rented  property,  and  by  his  patient  toil 
and  unfailing  industry  has  succeeded  in  accumulating  a  handsome 
fortune.  In  1854  Mr.  Lemley  married  Miss  Martha  Jane,  daughter 
of  Job  and  Margaret  (Simington)  Phillips.  Their  children  are: 
Margaret  A.,  wife  of  William  lleadlee;  Samuel,  a  farmer;  Emeline, 
Elizabeth,  Joseph  us,  and  Spencer  who  died  at  the  age  of  twenty-one 
years.  Mr.  Lemley  is  a  Democrat.  He  and  his  wife  are  prominent 
members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

CLARK  LEMLEY,  farmer  and  stock  grower,  Prock,  Penn.,  was 
born  in  Perry  Township,  November  20,  1849,  and  is  a  son  ot  Isaac 
and  Anna  (Myers)  Lemley.  His  mother  was  born  in  West  Yirginia. 
His  father  is  a  native  of  this  county  and  a  prominent  farmer  of 
Whiteley  Township.  Clark  is  the  third  in  a  family  of  six  children. 
He  was  reared  in  this  county,  where  he  received  a  common  school 
education.  Mr.  Lemley  has  met  with  success  as  a  farmer  and  owns 
152  acres  of  good  land  where  he    resides.    In  1870  he  married  Miss 

45 


820  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

Kacliel,  daughter  of  Eli  and  Mary  (Dnlaney)  Ileadlee.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Lemley's  children  are  Iladdie  L.,  William  L.,  and  Alva  G. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lemley,  with  their  oldest  danghter  are  members  of 
the  Methodist    Episcopal    Church.     lie  is  a  Democrat  in    politics. 

ASBEK.E.Y  LEMLEY,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born  June 
20,  1823,  on  the  farm  where  he  now  resides  in  Perry  Township. 
He  is  a  son  of  David  and  Rnliana  (Snider)  Lemley,  being  the  oldest 
of  their  eight  children.  His  parents  spent  the  most  of  their  lives  on 
a  farm  in  this  county,  where  Asberry  was  reared  and  received  his 
education  in  the  common  schools.  He  has  made  farming  his  chief 
pursuit,  and  is  the  owner  of  300  acres  of  well  improved  land.  Mr. 
Lemley  was  united  in  marriage,  October  12,  1849,  in  Greene  County, 
Penn.,  with  Miss  Rachel,  daughter  of  John  and  Lydia  Headlee. 
Mrs.  Asberry  Lemley  is  of  English  and  German  origin.  They  have 
eight  children;  viz.,  Ruhana,  wife  of  William  Howard;  Elizabeth, 
wife  of  Thomas  Patterson;  L.  L.,  David,  Lydia,  Martha,  wite  of 
Jonathan  Kennedy;  and  Mary.  Mr.  Lemley  is  one  of  the  most  indus- 
trious and  successful  business  men  in  his  township. 

J.  W.  LOJMG,  deceased,  was  born  in  Perry  Township,  this 
county,  December  3,  1836,  and  died  October  4,  1885.  He  was  a 
higlily  respected  citizen  and  one  of  Greene  County's  most  successful 
business  men,  being  at  the  time  of  his  death  the  owner  of  over  800 
acres  of  land.  Mr.  Long  was  the  son  of  George  and  Mary  (Berge) 
Long  who  were  natives  of  Ohio,  and  of  English  descent.  They 
spent  most  of  their  lives  in  Greene  County,  Penn.,  where  his  father 
made  farming  and  stock-growing  his  chief  pursuit.  In  1860  the 
subject  of  our  sketch  married  Minerva  C,  daughter  of  L.  G.  Van- 
voorhis,  a  prominent  farmer  of  Dunkard  Township.  To  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Long  were  born  six  children — F.  G.,  proprietor  of  the  Com- 
mercial Hotel  at  Oakland,  Maryland;  Frank  W.,  a  farmer;  Fannie 
E.,  John  J.,  Loyd  L.and  Lawrence  George  (deceased.)  Mr.  Long 
was  a  Republican  in  politics.  He  took  an  active  interest  in  the 
schools  of  his  township,  and  for  many  years  served  as  school  director. 

WILLIAM  LONG,  a  farmer  and  stock-grower,  residing  near 
Mount  Morris,  Penn.,  was  born  near  Garard's  Fort,  this  county, 
December  22,  1831.  He  is  a  son  of  Samuel  and  Adaline  (Mestrezat) 
Long,  who  were  of  French  and  Irish  lineage.  His  father,  who  was 
farmer  all  his  life,  was  twice  married,  and  reared  a  family  of  six 
children,  of  whom  William  is  the  oldest,  l)y  the  last  marriage.  He 
was  reared  on  the  farm  in  Whiteley  Township,  receiving  his  early 
education  in  the  subscription  schools.  He  made  farming  his  chief 
pursuit,  and  has  met  with  success,  being  at  the  present  the  owner 
of  400  acres  of  good  land  in  this  township.  In  politics  Mr.  Long  is 
a  Democrat,  as  is  also  his  son,  Merritt  Leonard  Long,  who  was  born 
in  this  tuwnship,  March  7,  1869.    His  daughter  Fannie  E.,  w^s  born 


HISTOKY    OF    GREP:NE    COUNTY.  821 

March  30,  1876,  in  Perry   Township.     William  Long's    father  died 
in  1886,  and  his  mother  in  1880. 

COLEMAN  LUELLEK,  carriage  and  wagon  manufacturer  at 
Mount  Morris,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  was  born  in  Monongalia 
County,  AVest  Virginia,  February  8,  1840.  He  is  a  son  of  William 
Ct.  and  Mary  (Norris)  Luellen,  also  natives  of  West  Yirginia,  and  of 
Welsh  and  English  extraction.  Mr.  Luellen  was  reared  on  the  home 
farm  in  West  Virginia,  where  he  received  his  education.  He  worked 
on  the  farm  until  1861,  when  he  went  to  Greene  County,  Penn.,  to 
learn  the  blacksmith  trade.  He  then  enlisted  under  Capt.  J.  B. 
Morris,  in  Company  F,  Seventh  Virginia  Volunteer  Infantry  and 
served  three  years  and  two  months.  After  his  return  from  the  war, 
Mr.  Luellen  learned  the  wagon-maker's  trade  and  has  successfully 
engaged  in  that  business  at  Mount  Morris  since  1868.  He  was 
united  in  marriage  October  5,  1876,  with  Catharine,  daughter  of 
Philip  and  Rhoda  (Dulaney)  Hite.  Their  children  are:  Carrie  L., 
Benjamin  F.,  James  W.  and  Luretta  B.  Mr.  Luellen  is  a  Pepubli- 
can  and  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  Post,  No.  450.  He  and  wife 
belong  to  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

SPENCER  MORRIS,  M.  D.,  Ph.  D.,  of  Greene  County,  Penn., 
was  born  at  Garard's  Fort,  Penn.,  October  26,  1820.  He  is  a  son  of 
Jonathan  and  Sarah  (Clymer)  Morris,  who  were  of  German  and 
English  extraction.  •  His  mother  was  a  native  of  Bucks  County, 
Penn.  His  father  was  born  in  Greene  County;  was  a  physician  and 
merchant  at  Garard's  Fort,  and  died  July  19,  1848.  Dr.  Morris  is 
a  grandson  of  the  Rev.  John  Corbly.  The  Doctor  is  the  third  in  a 
family  of  four  children.  He  was  reared  in  the  place  of  his  nativity, 
and  attended  the  common  schools.  He  subsequently  attended  Greene 
Academy  at  Carmichaels,  Penn.,  afterwards  attended  college  in  Vir- 
ginia. He  then  began  the  study  of  medicine  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 
where  he  gi-aduated  in  1846,  and  was  for  some  time  thereafter  in 
successful  practice  of  his  chosen  profession  in  Greene  County,  Penn. 
In  1871  he  received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine  from  the 
medical  department  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  afterwards 
the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Philosophy  from  the  same  institution.  In 
1873  he  graduated  from  the  Jefierson  Medical  College  in  Philadel- 
phia. For  fifteen  years  he  was  a  popular  quiz  teacher  in  that  city, 
having  large  classes  of  medical  students.  In  the  summer  of  1886 
he  was  elected  to  the  chair  of  lecturer  on  the  symptoms  of  diseases 
in  the  Medico-Chirnrgical  College  of  Philadelphia.  In  1851  Dr. 
Morris  was  united  in  marriage,  in  West  Virginia,  with  Belinda  A., 
daughter  of  John  H.  Bowlby,  and  their  summer  residence  is  near  the 
Mason  and  Dixon  Line  in  Perry  Township  This  has  been  their  quiet 
retreat  for  several  years.  Here  the  Doctor  is  sought  after  for  his 
excellent  medical  advice  by  patients  for  miles  around. 


822  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

LEY!  MORRIS,  son  of  George  and  Margaret  Morris,  was  born 
on  tlie  waters  of  Whiteley  Creek,  on  the  14tli  day  of  April,  1783. 
His  mother  was  the  oldest  child  of  Rev.  John  Corbly,  whose  second 
wife  and  several  of  their  children  were  massacred  by  the  Indians  at 
Garard's  Fort,  on  the  10th  day  of  May,  1781.  Levi  Morris  w^as  mar- 
ried to  Lucretia  Stephens  in  1809.  Pie  bonght  a  farm  and  went  to 
honsekeeping  on  Dnnkard  Creek,  near  the  present  site  of  Monnt 
Morris.  This  farm  was  all  in  the  woods  and  the  nearest  store  was 
at  Greensboro,  twelve  miles  distant.  There  was  but  little  use  for  a 
store,  however,  at  that  early  history  of  the  country,  for  the  clothing 
worn  by  both  sexes  was  domestic,  or  home-made,  and  coifee  was  used 
but  once  a  week — Sunday  morning.  Mr.  Morris,  with  three  of  his 
brotherSj^volunteered  and  served  in  Captain  Seeley's  cavalry  company 
in  the  war  of  1812.  Soon  after  the  war  he  bought  another  farm  and 
laid  out  the  town  of  Mount  Morris,  which  bears  his  name,  and  re- 
sided there  until  his  death.  Soon  after  the  war  he  was  appointed 
justice  of  the  peace,  which  office  he  held  until  near  the  close  of  his 
life.  '^^  Living  near  the  State  of  Virginia,  a  State  in  which  a  marriage 
license  was  required,  and  none  being  required  in  Pennsylvania,  his 
office  was  the  Gretna  Green,  to  which  many  of  the  hids  and  lassies 
hied  to  have  their  nuptials  consummated.  Mr.  ]\Iorris  kept  the  lirst 
hotel  in  Mount  Morris,  and  engaged  in  milling,  farming  and  stock- 
raising,  always  keeping  the  best  blooded  stock  in  the  county.  lie 
raised  a  family  of  eleven  children,  seven  sous  and  four  daughters,  all 
of  whom  grew  to  maturity,  each  raising  a  family.  Margaret  married 
Patrick  Donley;  Louisa,  George  Lemley;  Hannah,  Abner  Harrison; 
Joseplius  H.,  Temperance  Smith;  W.  G.,  Emily  Kirby;  Jefferson  S., 
Sarah  Ingram;  Edward  F.,  Elizabeth  Smith,  and  for  second  wife, 
Rhetta  Roberts;  Thomas  I.,  Sarah  Way;  James  B.,  Keziah  Way; 
Levi  A.,  Samantha  Brown;  and  Lucretia,  C.  C.  Hardin.  Levi  Mor- 
ris died  an  honored  and  respected  citizen  on  the  20th  day  of  Janu- 
ary, 1842,  liis  widow  and  all  their  children  surviving  him.  Lucretia 
Morris,  his  widow,  died  April  15, 1885,  at  the  ripe  old  age  of  ninety- 
Hve  years  and  four  months.  Her  children,  grandchildren,  and  great- 
grandchildren number  over  two  hundred,  and  reside  in  several  States. 
Their  son.  Major  James  B.  Morris,  is  perhaps  the  best  known  man 
in  the  county.  He  is  respected  for  his  liberality  and  true  manliness, 
both  as  a  soldier  and  a  citizen.  He  was  reared  and  educated  in 
Mount  Morris,  and  has  been  employed  in  farming,  milling  and  stock- 
growing.  He  w^as  married  in  Monongalia  County,  W.  Va.,  August 
20,  1848,  to  Keziah,  daughter  of  Gideon  and  Jane  (Sturgis)  Way,  of 
English  extraction.  They  were  natives  of  Fayette  County,  Penn., 
but  spent  most  of  their  lives  in  Monongalia  County,  W.  Va.  Major 
Morris  and  wife  have  a  family  of  seven  children — Mary  J.,  wife  of 
W.  F.  Lewellen,  of  West  Virginia;   IJelle  M.,  wife  of  Jerome  Van- 


HISTORY    OF    OREENE    COUNTY.  823 

voorhis,  of  Dnnkard  Township;  Emma  L.,  wife  of  J.  W.  Hatfield; 
George  G.,  Ji  physician  at  Washington,  D.  C,  and  F.  K.  and  S.  W., 
deceased.  Their  mother  is  a  devoted  member  of  the  Baptist  Church. 
Major  Morris  is  a  Republican,  has  been  school  director  at  Mount 
Morris,  and  was  special  agent  for  the  U.  S.  Treasury  Department  for 
several  years.  In  1861  he  enlisted  in  Company  F,  Seventh  West 
Virginia  Volunteer  Infantry,  and  served  as  Captain  until  1862,  when 
he  was  promoted  to  the  position  of  Major,  in  which  capacity  he 
served  until  the  expiration  of  his  term,  then  returned  to  Mount 
Morris.  The  first  man  killed  from  Greene  County  belonged  to  Cap- 
tain Morris'  Company,  and  was  killed  October  26,  1861. 

JOSEPH  PATTERSON,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  Brock,  Penn., 
was  born  in  Whiteley  Township,  this  county,  March  29,  1829.  He  is 
the  oldest  son  of  William  and  Rhoda  (Whitlatch)  Patterson,  who 
were  natives  of  Greene  County,  and  of  German  and  Irish  ancestry. 
Like  his  father,  Joseph  has  been  a  successful  farmer  through  life. 
In  1850  he  married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Elizabeth 
Mooney.  Mrs.  Patterson  is  of  German  and  English  origin.  They 
have  eight  children,  of  whom  William  Franklin  is  the  second.  He 
also  is  a  farmer  and  stock-grower,  and  was  born  in  Whiteley  Town- 
ship February  18,  1854.  He  received  a  common-school  education, 
and  early  in  life  engaged  in  the  mercantile  trade  at  Waynesville  for 
three  years.  He  has  since  dev'oted  his  time  to  farming  and  has  met 
with  success.  He  is  the  owner  of  135^  acras  of  well  improved  land. 
Mr.  Patterson  was  united  in  marriage  in  Greene  County,  December 
22,  1872,  with  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Jacob  Whitlatch,  and  they  are 
the  parents  of  seven  children,  viz:  Rose,  David,  Enlow,  Arthur, 
Norval,  Ada  and  Harvey.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Patterson  are  members  of 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  in  which  he  is  a  trustee.  He  is  a 
Democrat  in  politics. 

MINOR  N.  REAMER,  dentist,was  born  in  Monongahela  Town- 
ship, Greene  County,  Penn.,  February  2,  1846.  He  is  a  son  of 
l)enjamin  and  Anna  Maria  (Minor)  Reamer  who  were  of  Welsh  and 
German  ancestry.  His  father,  a  farmer,  died  in  1866.  Minor,  the 
third  in  a  family  of  four  children,  was  reared  in  his  native  township 
attended  the  district  schools  and  was  subsequently  a  student  in 
Waynesburg  College  for  one  year.  Early  in  life  he  studied  dentistry 
in  Greensboro,  where  he  commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession 
in  1871,  remaining  there  three  years.  He  then  located  at  Mount 
Morris,  Penn.,  where  he  has  since  been  actively  engaged  in  the  prac- 
tice of  dentistry.  The  Doctor  is  a  Republican.  In  1861  he  enlisted 
in  Company  G.,  Eighty-Fifth  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry,  and 
served  two  years.  He  is  an  active  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  belongs 
to  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  is  officer  of  the  day  in  Post  No.  450,  for  1888. 
In  1871  Dr.  Reamer  married  Miss  Fannie,  daughter  of  G.  C.   Black, 


824  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

Her  mother's  maiden  name  was  Rebecca  Sowers.  They  were  of  Ger- 
man extraction.  Doctor  and  Mrs.  Reamer  are  the  parents  of  three 
children — Harry  B.,  Nellie  E.  and  Emma  D.  Their  mother  is  a 
member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

Z.  T.  SHULTZ,  farmer  and  stock- grower,  Kirby,  Penn.,  was  born 
in  Whiteley  Township,  this  county,  July  20,  1848,  and  is  a  son  of 
Elijah  and  Ruth  A.  (Bailey)  Shultz,  who  were  of  German  and  English 
descent.  His  mother  died  in  1881.  Ilis  father,  now  seventy-four 
years  of  age,  is  a  resident  of  Waynesburg,  Penn.  The  subject  of 
our  sketch  was  reared  in  Perry  Township,  where  he  has  engaged  in 
farming  most  of  his  life.  He  received  a  common-school  education, 
also  attended  Waynesburg  College  and  subsequently  taught  for  live 
years.  His  home  farm  contains  one  hundred  and  twoity-seven  acres 
of  well  improved  land.  Mr.  Shultz  taught  in  this  county,  in  Iowa, 
and  "West  Yirginia,  but  has  devoted  his  time  wholly  to  farming  since 
1872 — the  year  he  was  married.  His  wife  was  Miss  Hettie  A., 
daughter  of  Justus  and  Mary  (Bowen)  Cowell,  and  their  children  are 
Minnie  M.,  Harmon  R.,  Elijah  F.,  Gurney  W.  and  Harold  L.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Shultz  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  In 
politics  he  is  a  Republican,  and  has  served  as  a  school  director  in  his 
township. 

A.  SNIDER,  a  retired  blacksmith  of  Mount  Morris.  Penn.,  was 
born  in  Monongalia  County,  West  Yirginia,  October  8,  1813.  He  is 
a  son  of  Jeremiah  and  Anna  (Rich)  Snider  who  were  also  natives  of 
West  Yiro-inia,  and  of  German  lineage.  His  great-tcrandfather  came 
from  Germany  to  America  and  settled  in  Yirginia.  Jeremiah  Snider 
was  twice  married  and  reared  a  family  of  thirteen  children.  The 
subject  of  our  sketch  M'as  the  third  child  by  the  second  marriage. 
He  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  attended  the  subscription  school  in  his 
native  township.  He  was  employed  as  a  farm  laborer  early  in  life 
and  in  1853  learned  the  blacksmith's  trade  with  Daniel  Bowen,  in 
Waynesburg,  Penn.  He  then  engaged  in  that  business  at  Mount 
Morris  and  has  met  with  success.  Mr.  Snider  is  the  owner  of 
valuable  town  property  and  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  land  in 
Perry  Township.  In  1838  he  married  Mary  Bowers;  they  have  had  a 
family  of  six  children;  viz.,  Lucretia,  wife  of  James  Fox;  Elmer,  a 
blacksmith,  and  Lindsey.  Jacob  Rolla,  Mary  J.  and  Eliza,  deceased. 
Mary  J.  was  the  wife  of  Oliver  Evans,  now  deceased.  Mr.  Snider  is 
a  Democrat  in  politics.  He  has  served  as  school  director  and  three 
terms  as  assessor  in  his  township.  He  and  wife  are  prominent 
members  of  the  Methodist  Protestant  Church. 

JESSE  SPITZNAGEL,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  Brock,  Penn., 
was  born  in  Fayette  County,  Pennsylvania,  February  24,  1838.  He 
is  a  son  of  Simon  and  Jemima  (Miller),  Spitznagel,  who  were  also 
natives  of  Fayette  County,  and  of  English  and  German  origin.     His 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  825 

father  was  a  successful  farmer  during  his  life-time.  His  family  con- 
sisted of  eleven  children,  of  whom  Jesse  is  the  Hfth.  He  was 
reared  on  the  farm,  has  been  successful  in  his  chosen  occupation  and 
owns  the  farm  of  one  hundred  and  live  acres  wliere  he  now  resides. 
In  1856  Mr.  Spitznagel  married  Miss  Dorotha  Whitlatch,  who  was  a 
native  of  this  county  and  of  German  extraction.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Spitznagel  were  born  five  children,  viz. — -Loziella,  wife  of  Alpheus 
Wade;  Simon  E,,  John,  Lewis  G.  and  Lucinda.  Mr.  Spitznao-el  is  a 
Republican  in  politics  and  belongs  to  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Churcli,  of  which  his  deceased  wife  was  also  a  devoted  member. 
Mrs.  Spitznagel  died  March  5,  1887,  a  fViithful  wife  and  kind  and 
loving  mother. 

SPENCER  STEPHENS,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  Mount  Morris, 
Penn.,  was  born  in  Greene  Township,  this  county,  September  15, 
1839.  He  is  a  son  of  AVashington  and  Joan  (Steel)  Stephens,  beimr 
the  oldest  of  their  eight  children.  His  parents  were  of  English  an- 
cestory.  His  fatlier  was  a  farmer  all  his  life.  Spencer  was  reared 
on  the  farm  with  his  parents,  where  he  attended  the  district  school. 
He  has  made  farming  his  main  occupation  and  owns  the  farm  where 
he  resides  in- Perry  Township.  In  1865  he  was  united  in  marriage 
in  Greene  County,  with  Miss  Abigail,  daughter  of  Joseph  Conner. 
Mrs.  Stephens  is  of  Irish  and  English  extraction.  Their  children 
are  Rebecca,  Albert,  S.  C,  Leroy,  Mary  Alice,  Stacy  and  Clara.  The 
family  belong  to  the  Baptist  Church  of  which  Mr.  Stephens  is 
an  official  member.  He  is  a  Republican  in  politics.  He  takes  an 
active  interest  in  the  education  of  his  children,  the  oldest  two  of 
whom  are  teachers.  In  1862  Mr,  Stephens  enlisted  in  Company  A., 
One  Hundred  ana  Fortieth  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry.  He 
was  a  non-commissioned  officer  and  served  under  Gen.  Hancock. 
Mr.  Stephens  was  in  the  battles  of  Gettysburg,[jChancellorsville  and 
the  Wilderness  and  served  until  the  close  of  the  war. 

LEWIS  WHITLATCH,  farmer  and  stock-grower.  Brock,  Penn., 
was  born  in  Perry  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  January  10, 
1855.  His  parents,  Jacob  and  Catharine  (Headlee)  Whitlatch,  were 
also  natives  of  this  county  and  of  English  extraction.  His  father,who 
was  a  farmer  through  life,  died  in  1884,  a  highly  respected  citizen. 
His  family  consisted  of  eleven  children,  ten  of  whom  grew  to  matu- 
rity. Lewis  is  the  ninth  and  was  reared  on  the  farm  in  his  native 
township,  where  he  attended  the  common  school.  Mr.  Whitlatch 
has  made  farming  his  chief  pursuit,  and  has  also  engaged  to  some 
extent  in  the  mercantile  trade.  He  has  made  a  success  of  his  busi- 
ness and  owns  a  farm  of  one  hundred  and  seventy  acres.  In  1884 
Mr.  Whitlatch  married  Hannah,  daughter  of  William  Conley.  She 
is  of  English  and  German  origin.  They  have  one  child — Goldie 
Lee.       Mr.   and    Mrs.  AYliitlatch    are     members    of  the    Methodist 


326  HISTOKY    OF    GKEENE    COUNTY. 

Episcopal  Church.  He  has  been  a  steward,  class-leader  and  trustee 
in  the  church,  and  held  various  important  positions  in  the  Sabbath- 
school.     In  politics  he  is  a  Republican. 


RICHHILL   TOWNSHIP. 

F.  W.  BALDWIN,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  Ryerson's  Station, 
Penn.,  was  born  in  Richhill  Township,  this  county,  July  15,  184:6, 
and  is  a  son  of  S.  W.  and  Nancy  A.  (Barnett)  Baldwin,  who  were  of 
English,  Irish  and  Dutch  lineage.  His  mother  Avas  a  native  of 
Greene  County.  His  father,  who  was  born  in  Washington  County, 
Penn.,  was  a  mechanic  and  farmer  by  occupation,  and  died  in  1884. 
The  subject  of  this  sketcli  is  the  only  member  of  his  father's  family 
who  grew  to  maturity.  He  was  raised  on  the  farm  with  his  parents 
and  chose  agricultural  pursuits  as  his  business  througli  life.  He 
also  worked  in  his  father's  mill  for  years  until  the  mill  was  sold. 
Mr.  Baldwin  is  the  owner  of  three  farms,  containing  in  all  271  acres. 
He  has  been  very  successful  in  his  undertakings.  Mr.  Baldwin  was 
united  in  marriage  September  14,  1871,  with  Susan,  daughter  of 
George  and  Elizabeth  (Nuss)  Woodruff,  who  are  of  English  and 
German  origin.  They  have  six  cliildren,  viz. — Eva  E.,  John  W., 
Mary  A.  L.,  George  M.,  Ira  C.  and  Michael,  who  died  in  his  in- 
fancj^  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Baldwin  are  members  of  the  Baptist  Church, 
in  which  he  has  served  as  deacon  and  treasurer. 

ELLIS  BANE. — Among  the  prominent  farmers  and  stock-grow- 
ers who  spent  a  long  life  in  Greene  County  was  Ellis  Bane,  deceased, 
who  was  born  in  Richhill  Township,  Marcli  6,  1804,  and  died  in 
1882.  He  was  a  son  of  Jesse  Bane,  a  pioneer  settler  of  this  county. 
The  history  of  the  family  shows  them  to  have  been  farmers,  and 
usually  successful.  At  the  time  of  his  death  Mr.  Bane  was  the 
owner  of  400  acres  of  land.  His  remains  lie  in  Leazure  Cemetery; 
a  handsome  monument  marks  the  last  resting  place.  He  was  twice 
married.  His  second  wife  was  Elizabeth  Conkey.  Three  of  their 
children  are  now  living,  the  oldest  being  Ellis  Bane,  who  now  resides 
on  the  home  farm,  and  owns  237  acres  of  well  improved  land.  He 
was  born  in  Richhill  Township,  received  a  common-school  education, 
has  been  an  industrious,  energetic  farmer,  and  successful  in  his  busi- 
ness. Mr.  Bane  was  married  in  October,  1886,  in  West  Virginia  to 
Lelia,  daughter  of  Joshua  and  Rebecca  (Fitzgerald)  Hipsley.     Mrs. 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  827 

Bane  is  of  Englisli  and  Irisli  descent.  They  have  one  child — Clyde. 
Mr.  Bane  is  a  strict  adherent  of  the  Democratic  party.  His  wife  is 
a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 

A.  B.  BARNETT,  teacher,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born 
in  Richhill  Township,  July  11,  1842.  He  is  a  son  of  John  and 
Margaret  (Stooghton)  Barnett,  natives  of  Greene  County,  and  of 
Irish  and  Welsh  extraction.  His  father,  who  was  a  farmer,  died 
June  12,  1859.  The  gentleman  whose  name  heads  this  sketch  is 
the  seventh  son  and  the  youngest  in  a  family  of  eleven  children. 
He  was  reared  on  the  farm  he  now  owns,  and  received  his  education 
in  the  district  school.  He  subsequently  attended  the  State  Normal 
School,  chose  teaching  as  a  profession,  and  enjoys  the  well  deserved 
reputation  of  being  one  of  the  foremost  educators  in  the  county. 
He  also  takes  an  active  interest  in  the  teachers'  institutes.  Mr. 
Barnett  owns  and  manages  a  farm  of  151  acres  of  land  w^ell  stocked 
and  improved.  He  was  united  in  marriage  February  21, 1873,  with 
Miss  Jennie,  daughter  of  Stephen  Durbin.  Mrs.  Barnett  is  of  Irish 
descent.  Their  children  are — Leni  Clare,  Neicie  and  Bessie  B. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Barnett  are  members  of  the  Baptist  Church. 

JOHN  BEBOUT,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born  in  Morris 
Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  January  17,  1815.  His  parents 
were  Moses  and  Elizabeth  (Smalley)  Bebout,  natives  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  of  English  lineage.  His  father  was  a  farmer  and  stock-dealer, 
and  at  the  time  of  his  death  resided  in  Greene  County.  He  had  a 
family  of  eight  children;  of  these,  seven  are  living,  John  Bebout, 
the  subject  of  our  sketch,  being  the  youngest.  He  received  his 
education  in  the  common  school,  and  from  an  early  age  up  to  the 
present  has  been  engaged  in  farming.  He  owns  337  acres  of  valu- 
al)le  land  where  he  resides  in  Richhill  Township.  Mr.  Bebout  was 
married  in  this  county  in  1863  to  Lizzie,  a  daughter  of  Joseph 
Tilton,  a  brother  of  Rev.  Charles  W.  Tilton,  a  Baptist  minister  of 
Jefferson,  Penn.;  also  a  brother  of  Rev.  Morgan  Tilton,  of  Rutan, 
Penn.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bebout's  children  are — Charles  B.,  John  L., 
I.  Tilton  and  Willie  S.  living,  and  two  infant  daughters  deceased. 
Mr.  Bebout  is  a  Democrat.  His  wife  is  a  consistent  member  of  the 
Baptist  Church. 

I.  C.  BOOHER,  justice  of  the  peace,  Ryerson's  Station,  Penn., 
is  a  native  of  Washington  County,  Penn.,  and  of  Welsh  and  German 
ancestry.  His  father  has  dealt  extensively  in  horses,  and  now  re- 
sides in  Richhill  Township,  Greene  County.  His  family  consists  of 
five  children,  of  whom  the  subject  of  our  sketch  is  the  second.  He 
was  reared  on  the  farm  and  received  his  education  in  the  common 
schools,  and  Greene  Academy  at  Carmichaels,  Penn.  He  remained 
at  home  with  his  parents  until  he  reached  his  majority,  then  clerked 
in  a  general  store  for  two  years.     He  has,  however,  devoted  his  time 


828  HISTORY  OF  gkeene  county. 

principally  to  farming,  stock-growing  and  milling,  and  for  several 
years  owned  and  operated  a  valuable  mill  at  Ryerson's  Station.  The 
mill  was  burned  down  February  19,  1885,  resulting  in  a  loss  to  Mr. 
Boolier  of  $7,000.  He  owns  the  farm  where  he  now  resides,  con- 
taining 130  acres.  In  1854  Mr.  Booher  married  Miss  Rebecca  J., 
daughter  of  John  Barnett.  She  was  of  Irish  and  Welsh  extraction. 
Their  childreh  are — ^Anderson  R.,  James  L.,  S.  E.,  Jesse  L.,  J. 
Bentley,  Mary  M.,  M.  Lattie,  Wilmetta  and  Birdie.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Booher  are  members  of  the  South  Wheeling  Baptist  Church.  He  is 
deacon  in  the  church,  and  takes  an  active  interest  in  the  Sabbath- 
school.     He  is  serving  on  his  fourth  term  as  justice  of  the  peace. 

JAMES  H.  BRADDOCK,  Harvey's,  Penn.— Among  the  des- 
cendants of  the  ear.y  settlers  of  this  county  we  mention  the  gentle- 
man whose  name  heads  this  sketch.  He  was  born  on  the  farm  he 
now  owns,  September  18,  1819,  and  is  a  son  of  Francis  and  Ann 
(Gray)  Braddock.  His  mother  was  the  daughter  of  Judge  Gray,  one 
of  the  first  associate  judges  in  this  part  of  the  State.  Mr.  Braddock's 
parents  were  born  in  the  old  fort  near  Washington,  Penn.,  and  were 
of  Irish  and  English  origin.  His  father  died  in  1856.  Mr.  James 
H.  Braddock  is  the  seventh  in  a  family  of  nine  children.  He  has 
been  a  very  successful  farmer,  accumulating  quite  a  good  deal  of 
property,  the  greater  part  of  which  he  has  given  to  his  children.  In 
1845  Mr.  Braddock  was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Jane,  daugh- 
ter of  AVilliam  and  Sarah  (Cox)  Henderson.  Their  children  are — 
Adda,  M'ife  of  Thomas  Blair;  Frank,  a  clerk  in  the  War  Depart- 
ment at  Washington,  D.  C;  and  Sadie,  wife  of  Dr.  Teagarden,  of 
West  Virginia.  Mrs.  Braddock  died  in  1876.  In  1883  Mr.  Brad- 
dock married  Miss  Belle,  daughter  of  Ephraim  McClelland.  They 
are  members  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  in  which  Mr.  Braddock 
has  been  an  elder  for  a  period  of  fifteen  years.  He  also  takes  an 
active  interest  in  the  Sabbath-school,  of  which  he  is  now  assistant 
superintendent.     In  politics  he  is  a  Republican. 

NEWTON  II.  BRADDOCK,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born 
in  Richhill  Township,  June  1,  1834,  and  is  a  son  of  David  and  Susan 
(Crow)  Braddock.  He  is  a  descendant  of  the  pioneer  settlers  of  this 
county,  a  brief  history  of  whom  is  given  in  the  biographical  sketch 
of  F.  M.  Braddock,  also  a  resident  of  this  township.  Newton  Brad- 
dock is  the  fourth  of  a  family  of  nine  children.  He  was  reared  on  the 
farm  in  Richhill  Township,  and  attended  the  district  school.  He  has 
made  farming  his  occupation  and  oM'ns  160  acres  of  valuable  land, 
where  he  now  resides.  In  1869  Mr.  Braddock  married  Miss  Jane, 
daughter  of  Alexander  Burns.  Their  children  are— Lizzie  N.  and 
David  G.,  Jr.  In  1864  Mr.  Braddock  enlisted  in  Battery  B,  First 
Pennsylvania  Light  Artillery,  and  was  with  the  army  of  the  Potomac 
at  Lee's  surrender.     He  taught  in  the  schools  of  Richhill  Township 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  829 

each  winter  from  1856  till  1873,  except  the  time  he  spent  in  the 
army,  and  has  also  served  as  school  director,  and  was  secretary  of  said 
board.     He  is  a  Hepnblican,  and  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  Post. 

F.  M.  BRADDOCK,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  born  August  14, 
1830,  is  a  son  of  David  G.  and  Susan  (Crow)  Braddock,  who  were  of 
English  and  Irish  and  German  origin.  His  father  was  born  in  Rich- 
hill  Township  in  1807,  and  still  resides  on  the  old  Braddock  farm, 
which  has  been  in  the  possession  of  the  family  for  more  than  a  hun- 
dred years.  His  family  now  living  consists  of  nine  children.  Francis 
Braddock,  great-grandfather  of  F.  M.  Braddock,  was  one  of  the  pioneer 
settlers  of  this  county  when  the  western  part  of  it  was  all  a  wilder- 
ness. He  first  settled  in  Richhill  Township,  he  settling  on  the  old 
Braddock  farm  which  he  took  from  the  Government.  F.  M.  Brad- 
dock's  maternal  grandfather,  Jacob  Crow,  was  also  among  the  first 
settlers  in  this  part  of  the  county,  and  his  family  of  two  boys  and 
three  girls  were  murdered  by  the  Indians  in  Richhill  Township.  In 
the  Braddock  family  there  are  many  successful  farmers  and  prominent 
professional  men.  As  a  farmer  the  subject  of  our  sketch  has  been 
very  successful,  and  now  owns  a  150  acre  farm  which  is  in  a  high 
state  of  cultivation.  Mr.  Braddock  was  united  in  marriage  November 
20,  1862,  with  Maria  J.,  daughter  of  Dr.  W.  B.  Porter.  Mrs.  Brad- 
dock was  of  English  and  Scotch-Irish  ancestry.  She  died  in  1880, 
leaving  a  family  of  three  children — Eva  L.,  wife  of  Charles  Bucking- 
ham; Sherman  F.,  and  Mary,  now  deceased.  In  politics  Mr.  Brad- 
dock is  a  Republican.  He  has  been  an  able  member  of  the  school 
board  in  his  township. 

D.  A.  BRADDOCK,  the  fourth  son  of  David  G.  and  Susanna 
(Crow)  Braddock,  was  born  in  Richhill  Township  in  May,  1840.  He 
was  raised  on  the  farm,  attended  the  common-schools,  and  has  made 
farming  and  stock-growing  his  business,  although  he  has  worked  at 
the  carpenter's  trade  to  some  extent.  He  owns  a  good  farm  of  106 
acres  near  Harvey's,  Penn.  Mr.  Braddock  was  married  in  December 
1877,  near  Marysville,  Union  County,  Ohio.  His  wife's  maiden 
name  was  Lucella  Henderson,  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Ethel 
(McGee)  Henderson,  She  was  born  in  West  Virginia.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Braddock  have  one  son— J.  H.  Braddock.  Mrs.  Braddock  is  a 
member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  Mr.  Braddock  is  a  Republican 
in  politics.  The  Braddocks  were  originally  from  Loudoun  County, 
Virginia,  and  were  among  the  first  settlers  of  Greene  County,  Penn. 

ROBERT  BRISTOR,  deceased.— Among  the  prominent  citizens 
of  Richhill  Township,  and  descendants  of  the  earliest  settlers  of 
Greene  County,  we  mention  the  gentleman  whose  name  heads  this 
sketch.  He  was  born  May  31,  1835.  His  mother's  maiden  name 
was  Delilah  Hixenbaugh.  His  father  was  a  farmer  and  surveyor, 
and  one  of  the  most  prominent  citizens  of  the  county.     He  was  of 


830  HISTORY  OF  gueenp:  county. 

German  and  English  ancestry.  Kobert  Bristor,  the  tliird  in  a  family 
of  seven  children,  was  reared  on  a  farm  in  Richliill  Township,  lie 
was  a  successful  farmer  and  stock-grower  duriuiij  his  lifetime,  being 
at  the  time  of  his  death,  in  1873,  the  owner  of  a  farm  of  171  acres, 
where  his  family  now  resides.  In  April,  1856,  Mr.  Bristor  married 
Eliza,  daughter  of  John  and  Ann  (McNeely)  Gillogly,  who  were  of 
Irish  extraction.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bristor  were  born  the  following 
named  children:  John  F.,  J.  G.,  J.  11.,  L.  L.,  W.  S.',  Anna,  wife  of 
L.  Booher;  Lizzie,  Robert  and  William.  Mr.  Bristor  belonged  to  the 
Christian  Church,  of  which  his  widow  is  also  a  member.  In  politics 
he  was  a  Eepublican. 

ABRAHAM  CLUTTER,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born  in 
Morris  Township,  Washington  County,  May  18,  1822.  He  is  a  son 
of  William  and  Sarah  (McNay)  Clutter,  also  natives  of  Washington 
County,  and  of  German  extraction.  John  Clutter,  grandfather  of 
Abraham  Clutter,  was  a  soldier  in  the  Revolutionary  war,  serving 
under  General  Washington.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  grew  to 
maturity  in  his  native  county,  attended  the  district  schools  and  has 
made  farming  his  chief  occupation.  He  was  married  January  12, 
1845,  to  Jane,  daughter  of  James  Meek,  ex-treasurer  of  Greene 
County,  and  now  a  resident  of  Jackson  Township.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Clutter  are  the  parents  of  eleven  children,  ten  of  whom  are  now  living, 
viz.:  John,  Luella,  wife  of  Thomas  Hare;  Andrew  J.,  George  W., 
Sadie,  wife  of  William  Conkey;  Mary  J.,  wife  of  B.  Temple;  Rachel, 
wife  of  John  F.  Donley;  A.  Judson,  Frank  and  Clarabel.  Elizabeth 
is  deceased.  Mr.  Clutter  has  given  his  children  the  advantages  of 
good  schools,  and  they  are  highly  respected  in  the  community.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  Disciple  Church,  in  which  he  is  a  deacon,  and 
takes  great  interest  in  the  Sabbath-school,  In  politics  he  is  a 
Democrat. 

WILLIAM  CLUTTER,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  is  a  native  of 
Morris  Township,  Washington  County,  born  JMarch  2,  1828.  His 
parents  are  Cephas  and  Laney  (Day)  Clutter,  natives  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  of  German  and  Irish  descent.  His  tather,  a  farmer  of  Cen'er 
Township,  is  now  eighty-five  years  of  age.  He  reared  a  family  of 
seven  children,  five  of  whom  are  now  living.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch,  having  been  reared  on  a  farm,  has  made  farming  his  chief 
pursuit  and  has  met  with  success  in  his  business,  owning  a  good  farm 
of  132  acres  where  he  resides  in  Richhill  Township.  In  1847  Mr. 
Clutter  married  Miss  May  J.  Ilunnell.  They  have  nine  children — 
Lana,  deceased,  who  was  the  wife  of  F.  Conger;  John  M.,  Jane,  wife 
of  S.  McYay;  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Simon  Pettit;  Catharine,  wife  of 
Thomas  lams;  Belle,  wife  of  George  Kinney;  Ida  Ella,  and  Cephas. 
Mrs.  Clutter  died  in  1880;  she  was  a  member  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church.      In    1881   Mr.  Clutter  married    Mary   Shape,  of 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  831 

Morris  Township.  Mr.  Clutter  is  a  Democrat.  In  1862  he  enlisted 
in  Company  A,  One  Hundred  and  Sixty-eighth  Pennsylvania  Volun- 
teer Infantry,  and  was  discharged  in  1863,  at  the  expiration  of  his 
term  of  service. 

J.  M.  CO^KEY,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born  in  Kichhill 
Township,  November  9,  1836.  His  parents,  John  and  Mary  (Prong) 
Conkey,  were  respectively  natives  of  Virginia  and  Greene  County, 
Penn.,  and  were  of  English  and  Irish  and  German  origin,  His 
father  was  a  plow-maker,  and  served  in  the  war  of  1812.  He  was 
also  a  successful  farmer,  and  accumulated  a  handsome  fortune.  He 
died  in  1884.  Of  his  family  of  nine  children,  J.  M.  Conkey  is  next 
to  the  youngest.  He  was  raised  on  a  farm,  attended  the  common- 
schools  and  has  served  three  years  in  the  war  of  1861;  he  has  been  a 
successful  farmer  and  stock-grower.  He  owns  a  well-stocked  and 
improved  farm  of  137  acres  in  Richhill  Township,  and  in  1886  pur- 
chased the  grist-mill  at  Graysville,  which  he  now  operates.  In  1866 
Mr.  Conkey  was  married  to  Miss  Celestia  Moninger,  daughter  of 
George  and  Susan  (Piddle)  Moninger,  who  were  of  English  descent. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Conkey's  children  are  Royal,  Ada  and  Jennie.  Mr. 
Conkey  is  a  Democrat.  He  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Presby- 
terian Church. 

JAMES  HARVEY  CONKEY,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  born 
in  Richhill  Township,  August  2,  1840,  is  a  son  of  John  and  Mary 
(Prong)  Conkey,  who  were  respectively  natives  of  Pennsylvania  and 
Virorinia,  and  of  Eno-lish,  Irish  and  German  orio-jn.  His  father  was 
a  farmer  during  his  lifetime,  and  died  in  1884.  His  family  consisted 
of  seven  children,  of  whom  James  Harvey  is  the  youngest.  He  has 
from  his  youth  been  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits,  in  which  voca- 
tion he  has  met  with  success  and  is  the  owner  of  135  acres  of  well 
improved  land  in  Richhill  Township.  In  1867  Mr.  Conkey  married 
Anna  Eliza  Marsh,  who  is  a  daughter  of  Phillip  Marsh,  and  of  Eng- 
lish descent.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Conkey  have  seven  children — John, 
Mary,  James,  Thomas,  Emmett,  Elsie  and  Otto.  Mr.  Conkey  is  a 
Democrat.  He  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Cumberland  Presby- 
terian Church. 

HIRAM  DAY,  retired  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born  in 
Morris  Township,  this  county,  December  18,  1814.  He  is  a  son  of 
William  and  Mary  (Sutton)  Day,  who  were  of  English  descent. 
His  father,  who  spent  the  latter  part  of  his  life  as  a  farmer,  was  a 
shoemaker  in  earlier  years,  and  among  the  first  settlers  in  Morris 
Township.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  the  fifth  in  a  family  of  ten 
children  and  was  raised  on  the  farm,  receiving  a  limited  education 
in  the  common  schools.  He  came  to  Richhill  Township  when  he 
was  a  young  man  and  opened  a  farm  in  the  wild  woods,  where  his 
only  possessions  were   an  ax,  a  maul,  iron  wedge   and  a  grubbing 


832  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

lioe.  He  has  since  accumnlated  enough  to  keep  himself  and  family 
in  luxury,  and  owns  250  acres  of  well  improved  land.  Mr.  Day  was 
first  married  November  28,  1839,  to  Miss  May  E.,  daughter  of  Sam- 
uel Thompson.  Mrs.  Day  was  of  German  origin;  she  died  March 
14,  1863,  Their  children  were  Eliza  Jane,  wife  of  Warren  Burns, 
and  William  A.  Mr.  Day's  present  wife  was  the  widow  of  David 
Dougal.  Her  maiden  name  was  Dorcas  Blair,  a  daughter  of  Alex- 
ander Blair,  who  was  of  Irish  descent.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Day  have 
one  son,  Harvey.  Mrs.  Day  is  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church, 
Mr.  Day  is  the  treasurer  of  the  Sabbath-school.  He  is  a  Democrat 
in  jDolitics. 

W.  S.  DRAKE,  merchant  and  dealer  in  agricultural  implements, 
Jacksonville,  Penn.,  was  born  in  Morgan  Township,  February  11, 
1838.  He  is  a  son  of  Fi-ancis  and  Eliza  (Stewart)  Drake,  who  were 
respectively  natives  of  New  Jersey  and  Washington  County,  Penn., 
and  of  English,  Scotch  and  German  origin.  His  father  was  a  chair 
maker  and  painter,  and  was  also  skilled  in  other  trades.  He  died 
February  20,  1878.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  the  oldest  of  a 
family  of  live  children,  four  of  whom  are  living.  He  was  raised  in 
this  county,  receiving  his  education  in  the  common  schools  of  Mor- 
gan, Jefferson  and  Pichhill  townships.  He  taught  for  several 
years  and,  in  1860,  being  desirous  of  seeing  more  of  the  world,  he 
went  to  Texas,  where  he  again  engaged  in  school  teaching  until  1862. 
He  then  enlisted  in  the  Twenty-ninth  Texas  Cavalry,  was  Orderly 
Sergeant,  and  served  until  1865.  While  his  service  was  in  the  Con- 
federate army,  yet  at  heart  he  was  a  Union  man.  In  1865,  he,  with 
about  one-hundred  others,  started  for  the  Union  lines  and  were 
captured  and  returned,  and  were  in  prison  when  the  war  closed. 
After  the  close  of  the  war  Mr.  Drake  again  taught  school  for  a  year 
in  Denton  County,  Texas,  and  in  1866  returned  to  Richhill  Town- 
ship, for  four  years  engaging  in  farming  and  carpenter  work.  In 
1870  he  formed  his  present  partnership  with  Perry  Sowers,  dealing 
in  general  stock,  wool  and  farming  implements.  In  1861  Mr.  Drake 
married  Miss  Julia  E.,  daughter  of  George  C.  and  Julia  E.  (Ohl- 
hausen)  Parker.  Her  father  was  born  in  Virginia  and  her  mother 
near  Philadelphia,  Penn.  They  were  of  English  and  German  origin. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Drake  have  six  children — Anna,  wife  of  Silas  Jen- 
nings; May,  John,  W.  C,  George  and  Emma.  Mr.  Drake  is  a 
Democrat,  and  a  prominent  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity. 

GEORGE  W.  FERRELL,  a  shoemaker  by  occupation,  was  born 
in  Center  Township,  April  16,  1828,  and  is  a  son  of  Peter  and 
Nancy  (Huffman)  Ferrell  who  were,  respectively,  natives  of  New 
Jersey  and  Pennsylvania,  and  of  German  extraction.  His  father  was 
a  farmer  and  his  family  consisted  of  ten  children,  of  whom  George 
W.    is   the  eighth.       He  received   a  common-school   education  and 


HISTORY    OP    GREENE    COUNTY.  833 

early  in  life  learned  the  shoemaker's  trade,  which  he  has  made  his 
main  occupation.  Mr.  Ferrell  has  lived  in  Jacksonville,  Penn.,  since 
1848.  He  has  been  twice  married — first,  in  1850,  to  Sarah  Isabella 
Pettit,  and  they  were  the  parents  of  three  children — James  M.,  a 
merchant  at  New  Freeport,  Penn.;  W.  S.,  a  shoemaker,  and  Clara 
I.,  wife  of  William  John.  Mrs.  Ferrell  died  in  1858,  and  in  1859 
Mr.  Ferrell  married  Nancy,  daughter  of  James  E.  Throckmorton. 
At  the  time  of  their  marriage  she  was  the  widow  of  Stephen  Diirbin. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Durbin  were  the  parents  of  two  children — Jennie, 
wife  of  A.  B.  Barnett,  and  Mary,  wife  of  W.  A.  Day.     To  Mr.  and 

Mrs.  Ferrell  have  been  born  the  following  named  children Ida  May, 

deceased,  who  was  the  wife  of  John  Henderson;  Lizzie  C,  wife  of 
Perry  £.  Wright;  Effie  A.  and  Harvey  D.  W.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ferrell 
are  members  of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church,  in  which 
he  is  a  trustee.  In  politics  he  is  a  Pepublican.  He  is  a  member  and 
present  chaplain  of  the  G.  A.  R.  Post,  No.  428.  In  1864  Mr.  Fer- 
rell enlisted  in  Company  F,  Eighty-fifth  Pennsylvania  Yolunteer 
Infantry  and  served  till  the  close  of  the  war,  being  present  at  Lee's 
surrender. 

H.  B.  FLETCHER,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born  April 
12,  1836,  on  the  farm  he  now  owns,  and  where  he  has  spent  all  his 
life,  in  Richhill  Township.  He  is  a  son  of  William  and  Nancy  (Bane) 
Fletcher,  who  were  of  Irish  and  English  descent.  His  father  was 
born  in  Ireland  in  1803,  came  to  Philadelphia,  Penn.,  in  1821,  and 
soon  after  came  to  Jefferson  Township,  Greene  County,  and  spent 
the  remainder  of  his  life.  He  died  in  1869.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  is  his  only  child  who  grew  to  maturity.  He  received  a  com- 
mon-school education,  and  has  made  a  success  of  farmino:,  beino-  at 
present  the  owner  of  200  acres  of  valuable  land.  In  1858  Mr. 
Fletcher  married  Mary,  daughter  of  Abraham  Rickey,  and  they  have 
a  family  of  seven  children — Edward,  J.  W.,  William,  Frank,  W.  C-, 
Lydia  and  Clara  B.  Mr.  Fletcher  is  a  Republican.  His  wife  is  a 
member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 

AVILLIAM  R.  FONNER,  retired  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was 
born  in  Morris  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  September  5, 1824. 
He  is  a  son  of  Henry  and  Abigail  (Taylor)  Fonner,  who  were  of 
German  and  English  descent.  His  father  was  a  teacher  in  early  life, 
in  later  years  a  farmer.  He  came  across  the  mountains  and  settled 
in  Greene  County  in  1801,  and  died  in  1851,  at  the  age  of  seventy- 
five  years.  William  R.  Fonner  is  the  fourth  in  a  family  of  seven 
children,  six  of  whom  grew  to  be  men  and  women.  He  received  his 
education  in  the  schools  of  the  county.  In  his  business  as  a  farmer 
he  has  ever  exercised  good  judgment  and  practiced  economy  and  now 
owns  a  fine  farm  of  200  acres  in  Richhill  Township,  where  he  now 
enjoys  a  life  of  retirement.       In  July  of  1849  Mr.  Fonner  married. 


§34  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY , 

Eliza,  daughter  of  Samuel  and  ISTancy  (Flick)  Eail,  and  tliey  had  a 
family  of  two  son,  both  now  deceased,  and  two  daughters — Mary  Ann, 
wife  of  Daniel  Miller,  and  Hannah  J.,  wife  of  Miles  Meek.  In  re- 
ligion Mr.  Fonner  is  a  Baptist,  in  politics  a  Republican. 

A.  J.  GOODWIN,  merchant,  Jacksonville,  Penn.,  was  born  in 
Washington  County,  Penn.,  February  2,  1817,  and  is  a  son  of  John 
and  Sarah  (Gardner)  Goodw^in,  natives  of  Washington  County,  and 
of  German  origin.  His  father  was  a  weaver  and  farmer,  and  reared 
a  family  of  ten  children.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  the  second 
child,  and  lived  on  the  farm  with  his  parents  until  he  was  fifteen 
years  of  age.  The  family  then  came  to  Greene  County,  and  settled 
on  a  farm  in  Center  Township.  Mr.  Goodwin  attended  school  in  an 
old  log  school-house.  He  naturally  took  up  his  father's-  occupation, 
and  was  engaged  therein  until  he  reached  his  majority.  He  then 
beo-an  working  at  the  carpenter's  trade  and  stone  work,  and  took  con- 
tracts for  buildings.  He  was  engaged  in  this  business  for  a  period 
of  twelve  years  or  more,  and  succeeded  in  gaining  a  good  start  in  the 
world.  From  1850  to  1874:  he  devoted  his  time  principally  to  farm- 
ing and  stock-growing.  Since  that  tinae  he  has  been  in  his  present 
business,  in  the  store  owned  by  his  son  for  five  years  previous  to 
1874.  In  1842  Mr.  Goodwin  married  Miss  Eliza,  daughter  of  Will- 
iam and  Lydia  (Russell)  Sargent,  and  they  have  four  children — Eliza- 
beth, wife  of  Martin  Supler;  Lydia,  wife  of  Samuel  Grim;  J.  T., 
wholesale  druggist  in  Wheeling,  W.  Va.,  and  William  (deceased). 
Mrs.  Goodwin  was  a  member  of  the  Baptist  Church  until  her  death 
in  1871.  Mr.  Goodwin  belongs  to  the  Christian  Church,  in  which 
he  has  been  superintendent  of  the  Sabbath- school.  Mr.  Goodwin  is 
(1888)  the  Prohibition  candidate  for  sheriff  of  Greene  County. 

DANIEL  GOODWIN,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  AVind  Ridge, 
Penn,,  was  born  in  Washington  County,  Penn.,  April  3,  1820,  and  is 
a  son  of  John  and  Sarah  (Gardner)  Goodwin,  natives  of  Pennsylvania 
and  of  German  origin.  His  father  was  a  weaver  and  farmer,  and 
reared  a  family  of  nine  children,  the  subject  of  our  sketch  being  the 
oldest.  He  was  reared  on  the  farm  on  Ten -Mile  Creek  in  Center 
Township,  where  he  attended  the  district  school. .  Mr.  Goodwin  is  a 
very  successful  farmer,  industrious,  economical  and  prudent  in  his 
business.  He  has  succeeded  in  accumulating  a  handsome  fortune. 
He  started  in  life  a  poor  boy,  his  first  investment  in  land  being  the 
purchase  of  thirty  acres  on  time  when  land  was  very  cheap,  and  when 
he  did  not  have  money  enough  to  pay  for  five  acres  at  present  prices. 
But  through  energy  and  determination  to  succeed  he  has  been  able 
to  add  to  his  possessions,  until  now  he  is  the  owner  of  600  acres  of 
valuable  land,  well  stocked  and  improved.  Mr.  Goodwin  was  united 
in  marriage,  in  1844,  with  Miss  Julia  Ann,  daughter  of  Ezekiel  and 
Catharine  (Huffman)  Bi'aden,  who  were  of  Irish  and  German  origin. 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  835 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Goodwin  were  the  parents  of  live  children — Eliza  J., 
wife  of  Richard  Snpler;  Sarali,  wife  of  D.  W.  Vanatta;  John,  Mary 
A.  and  Daniel  Mack.  Mrs.  Goodwin  died  March  5,  1888.  Mr. 
Goodwin  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  Church,  in  which  he  lias  served 
as  deacon  for  many  years.  lie  takes  an  active  interest  in  the  schools 
of  his  district,  and  has  served  a  number  of  years  as  school  director. 

THOMAS  L.  GE.AY,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born  in 
Marshall  County,  W.  Va.,  August  19,  1824,  and  is  a  son  of  Matthew 
and  Sarah  (Lazear)  Gray.  They  were  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  his 
mother  having  been  born  on  the  farm  where  the  subject  of  our  sketch 
now  resides.  His  father,  who  war  a  farmer  all  his  life,  died  in  1884. 
Thomas  L.  Gray  is  a  member  of  a  family  of  nine  children.  He  was 
reared  on  the  farm  where  he  now  resides,  and  has  made  farming  his 
main  occupation,  in  connection  with  which  he  has  engaged  in  the  coal 
business  extensively,  having  opened  a  valuable  bank  on  his  farm 
about  twenty  years  ago.  Mr.  Gray  is  the  owner  of  600  acres  of  land, 
170  acres  being  in  his  home  farm  in  Richhill  Township,  and  300 
acres  in  Washington  County.  In  1859  INIr.  Gray  married  Miss  Han- 
nah, daughter  of  James  and  Hannah  Barnhart.  Their  children  are 
■ — John  AV.,  a  farmer;  James  M.,  Sarah  L.,  wife  of  Peter  Gibbons; 
Benjamin  Franklin,  Margaret,  wife  of  James  Braden;  Hannah,  Jesse 
L.  and  Thomas  L.  Mr.  Gray  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church.  In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat,  and  has  served  as  clerk  and 
inspector  of  elections. 

ELIAS  K.  GKIBBEN,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born  in 
Pichhill  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  Septer^er  27,  1843,  and 
is  a  son  of  James  and  i!^ancy  (Kerr)  Gribben.  His  mother  was  a 
native  of  Allegheny  County,  Penn.  His  father  was  born  in  Ireland 
and  came  to  America  at  the  age  of  twentj'-one,  was  a  farmer  all  his 
life,  and  died  in  Greene  County,  Penn.,  in  1885.  His  family  con- 
sisted of  eleven  children,  nine  of  whom  are  still  living,  Elias  K. 
being  the  third  in  the  family.  He  has  spent  his  life  in  farming,  and 
still  continues  in  that  business.  He  is  the  owner  of  a  fine  farm  of 
140  acres  where  he  resides  in  Richhill  Township.  In  1862  he 
enlisted  in  Company  A,  Eighteenth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  was  in 
the  battles  of  Hagerstown,  Gettysburg,  and  Brandy  Station,  Va.,w^as 
wounded  three  times,  and  was  discharged  in  1864.  In  1869  Mr. 
Gribben  married  Hester  Jane,  daughter  of  Jacob  Loar,  a  prominent 
citizen  of  Richhill  Township.  Mrs.  Gribben  is  of  Dutch  lineage. 
Their  children  are — Jacob  L.,  James  Harvey,  Olive  M.  and  Charley 
T.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Gribben  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Protestant 
Church,  in  which  he  is  a  trustee  and  superintendent  of  the  Sabbath- 
school.  In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat,  and  has  served  as  school 
director. 

46 


836  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

* 

CAPT.  SAMUEL  GRIM,  farmer  und  stock-grower,  who  was 
born  in  Richliill  Township,  March  24,  1837,  is  a  son  of  Armstrong 
and  Mary  Ann  (Scott)  Grim,  natives  of  this  county,  and  of  German 
and  English  origin.  His  father  spent  his  life  as  a  farmer.  Of  his 
family  of  nine  children,  all  grew  to  be  men  and  women  and  are  now 
in  active  life.  Capt.  Grim  is  the  third  in  the  family,  was  reared  on 
his  father's  farm,  and  received  his  education  in  the  common  schools 
and  Waynesburg  College.  When  the  war  broke  out  he  gave  up  his 
studies  and  enlisted  in  Company  B,  First  West  Virginia  Cavalry, 
was  elected  First  Lieutenant  and  served  three  years,  lie  was  after- 
wards promoted  to  the  position  of  Captain,  and  among  other  engage- 
ments he  was  in  the  second  battle  of  Bull  Run  and  the  battles  of 
Gettysburg  and  Winchester.  After  returning  from  the  war,  Febru- 
ary 25,  18(35,  he  embarked  in  the  mercantile  trade,  opening  a  general 
store  at  West  Finley,  Washington  County,  Penn.  After  a  period  of 
nine  years  he  returned  to  Richhill  Township,  settled  on  a  farm,  and 
has  since  continued  in  that  occupation.  lie  owns  the  farm  where  he 
now  resides,  which  is  well  stocked  and  improved  and  contains  216 
acres.  Capt.  Grim  was  united  in  marriage,  February  14,  1864,  with 
Lydia  J.,  daughter  of  A.  J.  and  Eliza  (Sargent)  Goodwin,  natives  of 
Greene  County,  and  of  German  extraction.  Their  children  are — 
Francis  Sherman,  Rosala,  wife  of  James  Allison,  of  Waynesburg, 
Penn.;  Robert  Lincoln,  Henry  Ward  Beecher,  Edna  Blanche,  James 
G.  Blaine,  Loa  Logan  and  Frances  Lydia.  In  politics  Capt.  Grim  is 
a  Republican.  He  is  Adjutant  of  the  AVilliam  Smith  G.  A.  R.  Post, 
No.  428. 

REV.  WILLIAM  HANNA,  Presbyterian  minister,  is  a  native 
of  the  Buckeye  State,  having  been  born  in  Trumbull  County,  Ohio, 
May  6,  1820.  He  is  a  son  of  Isaac  and  Martha  (Davis)  Hanna,  who 
were  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  and  of  Scotch-Irish  descent.  The 
subject  of  this  sketch  is  a  descendant  of  Robert  Hanna,  the  founder 
of  llannatown,  Westmoreland  County,  Penn.  The  Hanna  family 
are  usually  farmers  and  as  a  rule  have  been  successful  in  their  busi- 
ness. Rev.  Hanna  wrote  one  volume  of  a  history  of  Greene  County, 
but  did  not  complete  the  work  as  it  was  financially  a  failure.  He 
lias  been  quite  successful  in  business,  and  is  the  owner  of  a  large  and 
well  improved  farm  in  Richhill  Township,  where  he  resides  a  part  of 
each  year.  He  also  owns  two  business  blocks  in  Cannonsburg,  Penn., 
and  a  splendid  winter  residence  at  Beck's  Mills,  Penn.,  and  has  con- 
siderable personal  property.  When  Mr.  Hanna  was  six  years  of  age 
his  father  died.  His  early  life  was  spent  in  Fayette  County,  where 
he  attended  the  George's  Creek  Academy.  At  an  early  age  he  became 
a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  and  was  licensed  to  preach  in 
1850.  His  first  charge  was  at  Masontown,  Fayette  County,  Penn., 
where  he  remained  for  a  period  of  nine  years.      He  then  preached  in 


lIIStORt    OP    GREENE    COUNTY.  ,  837 

Graysville,  Richhill  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  six  years,  and 
for  some  time  had  a  charge  at  West  Elizabeth  in  Allegheny  County. 
He  is  an  earnest  temperance  man  and  votes  the  prohibition  ticket, 
lie  is  a  member  of  the  Sons  of  Temperance.  In  1844  Mr,  Hanna 
married  Sarah,  daughter  of  Hon.  Samuel  Nixon,  of  Fayette  County, 
Penn.,  who  was  of  Scotch-Irish  descent.  This  union  has  been 
blessed  with  ten  children,  three  of  whom  are  now  living,  viz:  Will- 
iam C,  Martha  J.,  and  James  W.  The  family  are  members  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church. 

JAMES  IIUGPIES,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born  near 
Jefferson,  Penn.,  February  12,  1829.  He  is  the  son  of  James  and 
Margaret  (Heller)  Hughes,  and  grandson  of  Thomas  Hughes,  founder 
of  Jefferson  Borough.  His  father  was  a  farmer  and  land  speculator, 
and  acted  in  the  capacity  of  high  sheriff  of  Greene  County.  He 
died  in  1861.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  the  eighth  in  a  family 
of  ten  children.  He  was  reared  on  a  farm  near  Jefferson,  where  he 
acquired  his  early  education.  In  1864  he  moved  from  his  birthplace 
to  Richhill  Township.  He  owned  a  general  store  at  Bristoria  for 
twelve  years,  but  has  devoted  most  of  his  life  to  farming.  He  owns 
over  400  acres  of  valuable  land  where  he  now  resides  in  Richhill 
Township.  Mr.  Hughes  was  united  in  marriage,  October  25,  1854, 
witli  Hester,  daughter  of  Valentine  Nichols.  Her  mother's  maiden 
name  was  Nancy  A.  Cooper.  They  were  of  English  origin.  Her 
father  was  a  farmer.  He  was  among  the  early  settlers.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Hughes  have  four  children — Winfield  S.,  whose  wife  died  in 
1885,  leaving  two  children — ^Lulu  Z.  and  Bessie  Pearl;  Anabel,  de- 
ceased, who  was  the  wife  of  J.  L.  Supler,  and  mother  of  one  child — 
Willis  W. ;  George  V.  and  William.  Mrs.  Hughes  is  a  member  of 
the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church.  Mr.  Hughes  is  a  Republican. 
He  took  an  active  interest  in  the  Granger  movement.  During  the 
late  Rebellion  he  took  an  active  part  in  trying  to  put  it  down,  help- 
ing to  raise  money  and  men.  He  also  reared  his  nephew,  AVilliam  G. 
Milliken,  who  at  the  age  of  seventeen  enlisted  in  Company  G,  of  the 
Eighteenth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry.  The  Hughes,  Swans  and  Van- 
aters  were  among  the  first  settlers  of  Greene  County;  they  settled 
along  the  Monono,  at  or  near  Jefferson. 

AVILLIAM  JACOBS,  ex-treasurer  of  Greene  County,  was  born 
in  Richhill  Township,  August  18,  1835.  He  is  a  son  of  Daniel  B. 
and  Hannah  (Rail)  Jacobs,  natives  of  Maryland.  His  father  is  a 
prominent  farmer  and  resides  in  Franklin  Township.  William  was 
reared  on  the  farm,  attended  the  common  schools  and  made  farming 
his  main  occupation  until  1884,  when  he  was  elected  to  the  office 
of  treasurer  of  the  county.  Mr.  Jacobs  was  an  efficient  officer  and 
made  many  friends  while  in  that  capacity.  He  was  ably  assisted  by 
his  son,  D.  W.  Jacobs,  a  steady,  industrious  young  man  and  a  first- 


838  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

class  penman.  Mr,  Jacobs  owns  a  well  improved  farm  in  Riclihill 
Township  where  he  resides.  He  was  united  in  marriage,  January 
17,  1856,  with  Hester  J.,  daughter  of  John  Loar,^and  they  have  two 
children — D.  W.  and  Anna  B.,  wife  of  Robert  II.  Ileadley.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Jacobs  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Protestant  Church.  Mr. 
Jacobs  is  a  Democrat,  aud  has  served  as  school  director  of  his  town- 
ship.    He  is  also  a  prominent  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 

S.  KNKtHT,  undertaker  and  furniture  dealer,  Jacksonville,  Penn., 
was  born  in  Monroe  County,  Ohio,  September  4,  1829.  His  parents, 
Stephen  and  Sarah  (Wells)  Knight,  were  natives  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  of  English  origin.  His  father  was  a  farmer  by  occupation,  and 
died  in  Ohio.  His  family  consisted  of  fifteen  children,  twelve  of 
whom  grew  to  maturity.  The  subject  of  our  sketch  is  the  ninth  in 
the  famil3^  He  was  reared  on  his  father's  farm,  received  a  common 
school  education,  and  early  in  life  commenced  his  present  business, 
which  he  has  carried  on  at  Jacksonville,  Penn.,  for  nearly  half  a 
century.  During  that  time  lie  has  been  director  at  twenty-live  hun- 
dred funerals.  Mr.  Knight  has  been  twice  married — Hrst,  December 
20,  1849,  to  Lucy  L.,  daughter  of  John  Conkey,  and  they  were  the 
parents  of  six  children,  four  living — Anna,  J.  M.,  William  and  Eliza- 
beth. Mrs.  Lucy  Knight  died  in  1886.  In  1887  Mr.  Knight  mar- 
ried Charlotte,  daughter  of  Andrew  Smith,  and  sister  of  the  present 
county  treasurer.  She  is  of  Scotch  descent.  His  wife  is  a  member 
of  the  Church  of  God,  and  Mr.  Knight  is  a  Cumberland  Presby- 
terian, of  which  church  he  is  a  trustee.  He  is  a  Democrat.  He  has 
served  as  school  director,  and  as  justice  of  the  peace  for  ten  years. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  belongs  to  the  Encampment,  and 
is  one  of  the  best  and  most  highly  respected  citizens  of  the  county. 
JESSE  LAZEAR  was  born  in  Guernsey  County,  Ohio,  June  25, 
1825.  He  is  a  son  of  Francis  and  Mary  (Crow)  Lazear,  natives  of 
Greene  County,  Penn.,  and  is  among  the  earliest  settlers.  His  mother 
was  of  German  origin.  His  father  was  of  French  descent.  He  died 
in  1871,  at  the  advanced  age  of  seventy  years.  Thomas  Lazear, 
grandfather  of  Jesse  Lazear,  was  apointed  magistrate  by  the  Gover- 
nor, served  for  years  in  that  capacity.  The  family  have  usually  been 
farmers  and  successful  in  all  their  business  ventures.  Jesse  Lazear  is 
the  oldest  in  a  family  of  six  children.  His  parents  came  to  Richhill 
Township  in  1827,  where  he  was  raised  on  the  farm  and  received  his 
education  in  the  common  schools.  He  has  made  fanning  and  stock- 
growing  his  business  through  life,  and  has  met  with  success,  being  at 
present  the  owner  of  a  large,  well  improved  farm  w^liere  he  resides 
near  Ryerson's  Station,  Penn.  His  residence  is  a  substantial  brick 
building,  beautifully  located.  Mr.  Lazear  was  united  in  marriage, 
March  25,  1856,  with  Miss  Alice,  daughter  of  Moi-flbrd  and  Nancy 
(^Simpson)  Tiirockniorton,  who  were  of  Irish  and  English  extraction. 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  839 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lazear  are  the  parents  of  tlie  following  named  child- 
ren—William,  Mary,  wife  of  J.  C.  McCracken,  M.D.,  Cameron,  W. 
Va. ;  Fannie,  wife  of  Silas  Inghram ;  and  John.  In  politics  Mr. 
Lazear  is  a  Democrat. 

JOHN  J.  LESLIE,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  born  in  Richhill 
Township,  December  3,  1836,  is  a  son  of  Samuel  and  Sarah  (Jones) 
Leslie,  who  were  respective!}-  natives  of  Ireland  and  Pennsylvania. 
His  father  worked  on  public-works  during  his  early  life,  but  devoted 
his  time  to  farming  after  coming  to  Greene  County  in  1834:.  He 
settled  on  a  farm  in  Richhill  Township,  remaining  there  until  his 
death  in  1869.  The  gentleman  whose  name  heads  this  sketch  was 
reared  on  the  farm  in  his  native  township,  where  he  attended  the  dis- 
trict schools.  He  took  up  farming  as  his  occupation  and  has  made  it 
a  success,  owning  at  present  one  hundred  and  iifty-three  acres  of  land, 
well  stocked  and  improved,  where  he  now  resides  near  Harvey's,  Penn. 
Mr.  Leslie  was  united  in  marriage,  in  this  county  in  1869,  with 
Miss  Nancy  A.,  daughter  of  Spencer  Bebout.  They  were  the  parents 
of  four  children — two  now  living,  Florence  and  Samuel  S.  Mrs. 
Leslie  died  in  1877.  In  1879  Mr.  Leslie  was  again  united  in  mar- 
riage, his  second  wife  being  Mary  G.,  daughter  of  Munson  Post. 
They  are  the  parents  of  one  child^ — -Robert  P.  Mr.  Leslie  is  a 
member  of  the  Christian  Church.  In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat. 
He  takes  an  active  interest  in  school  affairs,  and  has  served  on  the 
school  board  of  the  township  where  he  now  resides. 

JACOB  LOAP,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born  in  Allegany 
County,  Marjdand,  February  6,  1817.  His  parents  were  Jolm  and 
Hester  (Stephens)  Loar,  natives  of  New  Jersey,  and  of  German, 
lineage.  His  father,  who  was  born  in  1794,  was  a  farmer  by  occupa- 
tion. He  came  to  Whiteley  Township,  Greene  County,  in  1820, 
and  died  in  1873  at  the  advanced  age  of  eighty-four  years.  His 
family  consisted  of  fourteen  children,  eleven  of  whom  grew  to  matu- 
rity. Three  of  his  sons  were  physicians  and  two  ministers.  Jacob, 
the  second  in  the  family,  settled  in  Richhill  Township,  in  1837,  and 
has  been  very  successful  in  business.  He  owns  the  valuable  farm  of 
of  two  hundred  and  twenty  acres  where  he  now  resides.  Mr.  Loar 
is  prominent  and  influential  in  his  community,  has  been  a  member 
of  the  school  board  and  served  as  the  justice  of  peace  for  a  period 
tifteen  years.  He  has  been  three  times  married — flrst,  in  1836,  to 
Maria  Nelson,  and  they  were  the  parents  of  nine  children,  six 
of  whom  are  now  living,  viz.,  John  M.,  a  farmer;  Nelson,  a  physi- 
cian in  Bloomington,  Illinois;  George,  a  physiciaTi  in  Munroe,  Iowa; 
Margaret  Ann,  wife  of  A.  K.  Allum;  Hester  Jane,  wife  of  E.  J. 
Gribben  and  Anna,  wnfe  of  Oliver  Burns.  The  deceased  are  James 
Apoloe,  Jacob  H.  and  Catharine  who  was  the  wife  of  B.  F-  Temple. 
Mrs.  Hoar  died  in  1864.    Mr.  Loar's  second  wife  was  Sarah  AYilliams 


840  HISTOllY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

widow  of  Morrison  Applegate,  who  died  February  11,  1875.  They 
had  one  son — William  C,  a  medical  student  in  Indianapolis,  Ind., 
and  one  daghter,  Ora  who  died  April  1888.  Mr,  Loar  was  again 
married,  in  1881,  to  Mary  Dinsmore,  widow  of  Benjamin  Durbin. 
She  was  the  mother  of  six  children;  viz.,  Mary,  Harvey,  Elizabeth, 
Thomas,  William  and  Bothenia.  Mr.  Loar  is  a  member  of  the 
Methodist  Protestant  Church,  of  which  he  has  been  steward  and 
trustee.     He  wife  is  a  Presbyterian. 

J.  K.  LOUGIIRIDGE,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born  in 
Wheeling,  W.  Ya.,  May  21,  1823,  is  a  son  of  William  and  Mary 
(Kettler)  Loughridge.  His  father  was  of  Scotch  origin,  born  in 
Coleraine,  County  Derry,  Ireland,  came  to  America  during  the  war 
of  1812,  being  six  weeks  in  making  the  passage.  Was  married  in 
Phildelphia,  Penn.,  in  1814,  where  he  remained  for  some  time.  He 
afterwards  came  to  Pittsburg  and  next  moved  to  Wheeling,  W.  Va., 
where  he  engaged  in  the  hotel  and  livery  business,  these  being  the 
iirst  established  in  the  city.  He  purchased  a  portion  of  the  farm  on 
which  J.  K.  Loughridge  now  resides  in  1817.  Here  he  removed  his 
family,  in  1827,  where  he  remained  until  his  death,  in  1867,  being 
ninety-live  years  of  age.  He  was  one  of  the  first  school  directors 
under  the  free-school  system  in  Ilichhill  Township,  Greene  County, 
Penn.,  and  elder  of  the  Unity  Presbyterian  Church.  His  mother 
was  of  German  origin,  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Penn.,  in  1787, 
where  she  was  married  to  Briton  Sollars.  Their  eldest  child,  Levi, 
was  married  to  Elizabeth  Burns  and  resides  in  Richhill  Township. 
Their  daughter  Elizabeth  married  Alexander  Burns  and  is  now 
deceased.  They  were  both  educated  at  Wheeling,  W.Va.  Elizabeth 
was  the  first  female  school  teacher  in  Richhill  Township,  and  pro- 
duced some  of  the  finest  specimens  of  penmanship  of  the  day.  After 
the  death  of  her  husband,  Mrs.  Sollars  married  Mr.  Smith,  a  painter, 
in  Philadelphia,  who  lost  his  life  in  the  war  of  1812.  She  next  mar- 
ried William  Loughridge,  by  whom  she  had  nine  children,  of  which 
seven  grew  to  man  and  womanhood.  Margaret  married  P.  S.  Dins- 
more,  a  Presbyterian  minister,  both  are  now  deceased;  Mary  taught 
in  the  high,  school  at  Ncav  Castle  and  afterwards  in  Ohio,  where  she 
married  Jesse  McBride,  a  Wesleyan  Methodist  minister,  both  are  now 
deceased.  William  A.  married  Hannah  Grey  and  is  now  a  carpenter 
and  farmer  in  Keokuk  County,  Iowa;  Alexander  W.  married  Susan 
Jennings  and  is  how  a  stock-merchant  in  Iowa;  Dr.  J.  H.  married 
Candace  Power,  was  a  physician  and  surgeon  in  the  late  war  and  is 
now  located  in  Rensellaer,  Ind.,  where  he  has  an  extensive  practice. 
Emma,  the  youngest,  married  John  C.  Booher,  and  is  now  deceased. 
John  K.,  the  fourth  in  his  father's  family,  married  Harriet  Campsey, 
daughter  of  James  and  Isabella  (Dougherty)  Campsey,  Claysville, 
Penn.     The  family  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Loughridge,  are  James  II., Will- 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  841 

mette,  wife  of  Dr.  T.  B.  Hill;  William  W.,  John  W.,  Maud  I., 
David  G.  C.  and  llettie  M.  Mr.  Loughridge  took  an  active  interest 
in  the  Sabbath-schools  at  an  early  day;  also  took  a  great  interest  in 
the  progress  of  the  district  schools,  acting  in  the  capacity  of  school 
director  for  seven  years  in  succession.  His  education  and  the  greater 
portion  of  his  property  has  been  acquired  principally  by  his  own 
efibrts,  his  farms  are  well  situated  for  farming  and  grazing,  well 
improved,  contains  nearly  500  acres  and  has  been  his  place  of  residence 
from  early  childhood.  lie  is  a  Democrat  in  politics.  A  man  of  good 
moral  principles  and  was  the  first  chosen  on  the  jury  which  found 
George  Clark  guilty  of  the  murder  of  William  McCauslain  near  Car- 
michael's,  Penn. 

PHILLIP  MARSH,  deceased,  was  one  of  Puchhill  Township's 
representative  citizens.  He  was  born  in  New  Jersey  in  1811.  His 
parents  were  Joseph  P.  and  Nancy  (Minton)  Marsh,  natives  of  New 
Jersey,  and  of  English  lineage.  His  father  was  a  shoemaker  by 
occupation,  which  vocation  he  followed  for  many  years.  He  had 
eight  children,  the  subject  of  this  sketch  being  the  fifth.  Phillip 
Marsh  was  raised  in  Washington  County,  Penn.,  where  he  had  re- 
moved with  his  parents  about  the  year  1824.  He  came  to  Greene 
County  and  engaged  in  farming  until  the  time  of  his  death  in  1877. 
He  was  an  elder  in  tne  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church  and  super- 
intendent of  the  Sabbath- school.  In  politics  he  was  a  Republican. 
Mr.  Marsh  Avas  married,  November  20,  1835,  to  Martha,  daughter  of 
Ephraim  and  Martha  (Elliott)  Post,  and  they  were  the  parents  of  the 
following  named  children — Ann  Eliza,  wife  of  Harvey  Conkey;  Car- 
oline, widow  of  Samuel  Thompson;  Eveline,  Lucy,  wife  of  George 
Jennings;  Laura  F.,  wife  of  Cassius  Jennings;  Leroy,  a  farmer;  and 
Ellsworth.  Mrs.  Marsh  is  a  member  of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian 
Cliurch. 

WILLIAM  G.  MILLIKEN,  merchant,  of  the  fii:m  of  Milliken 
&  Supler,  Bristoria,  Penn.,  was  born  on  Wheeling  Creek,  in  this 
county,  January  21,  1845.  His  parents,  Joseph  and  Mary  (Hughes) 
Milliken,  were  of  Irish  and  English  origin.  His  father,  who  was  a 
cooper  and  farmer  by  occupation,  died  in  this  county.  Of  his  family 
of  six  children,  William  is  the  third,  and  was  reared  in  Jefferson 
Township,  where  hs  received  his  education.  In  1862  he  enlisted  in 
Company  G,  Eighteenth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  and  was  a  non-com- 
missioned officer.  He  was  taken  prisoner  at  Hanover,  Penn.  Mr. 
Milliken  participated  in  the  battles  of  The  Wilderness,  Spottsylva- 
nia,  Cold  Harbor,  Cedar  Creek  and  Winchester,  and  many  others,  and 
was  discharged  at  the  close  of  the  war  in  1865.  He  then  returned  to 
Richhill  Township  and  engaged  in  farming  until  1881,  when  he  em- 
barked in  his  present  business,  in  which  he  has  a  liberal  patronage 
and  meets  with  success.     In   1866   Mr.  Milliken  married  Marjaret, 


SJ:'^  HISTOKY    OF    OKKKNE    001  NTY. 

dauiihtor  of  Valentine  IS'ichols.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Milliken  were 
born  live  children — Isadora,  Mary  F..  John  W.,  Mettie,  and  Loyd 
(deceased).  Mrs.  Milliken  departed  this  life  in  1SS5.  She  was  a  con- 
sistent member  of  the  Cnmberland  Presbyterian  Church.  ^Ir. 
Milliken  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  11.  Post,  in  which  he  has  served 
as  Quartermaster. 

JOHN  M.  MUlUiAY,  physician  and  surjieon.  Jacksonville, 
I'enn.,  was  born  in  the  State  of  Iowa,  April  28,  1846.  lie  is  a  sou 
of  Joseph  and  Leah  ^^Lariiner)  ^[nrray,  who  were  natives  of  Penn- 
sylvania,  and  of  Scotch-Irish  descent.  His  father  was  a  school- 
teacher in.  early  life,  in  later  years  a  farmer.  His  famih' consisted 
of  nine  children,  Dr.  !^[urray  being  the  sixth.  He  was  reared  in 
this  county  and  received  his  literary  education  in  the  State  ]S\)rmal 
School  of  Erie  and  Waynesburg  College.  He  studied  medicine  with 
Dr.  J.  T.  lams,  then  a  practicing  pihysician  of  Uichhill  Township. 
Dr.  ^Murray  afterwards  attended  Bellevue  Medical  College  at  New 
York  City,  where  he  graduated  in  ISTli.  He  began  the  practice  of 
his  profession  at  "Wind  Kidge.  Penn.,  during  the  same  year,  and  has 
met  with  a  liberal  and  successful  patronage.  He  is  an  active  mem- 
ber of  the  Greene  County  Medical  Society.  In  1870  Dr.  Murray 
married  Miss  Jennie,  daughter  of  ]\[orrison  Applegate.  Mrs.  Mur- 
ray was  of  English  descent.  She  died  in  1SS5.  leaving  two  children 
— Austin  and  John  C.  Mrs.  Murray  was  a  member  of  the  Methodist 
Protestant  Church,  and  Mr.  Murray  is  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian. 

T.  J.  McC LEAKY,  farmer,  stock-grower  and  attorney  at  law,  was 
born  February  20,  1837.  in  Claysville,  AVashington.  County,  Penn., 
and  is  the  son  of  "William  and  Susan  G.  (^AVilkinson)  McCleary.  His 
father  was  born  near  "Winchester,  Virginia,  and  his  mother  was  a 
native  of  Fayette  County,  Penn.  His  grandfather,  Thomas  McCleary, 
came  from  Ireland  to  America  in  company  with  his  three  brothers. 
They  were  all  in  the  army  of  "Washinjjton  duriui;  the  Kevolutionarv 
war,  Thomas  being  the  only  one  who  lived  to  the  cl  ose  of  the 
war.  After  p>eace  was  declared  he  settled  near  "Winchester^  Virginia, 
and  engaged  in  farming,  T.  J.  McCleary's  father,  who  died  in  "Wash- 
ington County  in  1S81,  had  a  family  of  eleven  children,  of  whom 
the  subject  of  our  sketch  is  the  oldest  son.  He  was  reared  on  the 
farm  and  received  his  education  in  the  common  schools,  the  academy 
and  normal  school.  He  taught  in  Greene  and  "Washington  counties 
a  number  of  terms.  He  afterwards  read  law,  and  has  given  it  his 
particular  attention,  althoui^h  he  has  lived  on  the  farm  the  irreater 
part  of  his  life.  He  owns  and  deals  in  \Vestern  lands.  Mr.  Afc- 
Cleary  was  married  in  "Washington  County,  August  8,  1860,  to 
Martha  J.  Possell,  daughter  of  Eev.  Job  and  'Arariah  L.  (Layton) 
I\(^ssell.  and  their  children  are — AV.  Clarence,  Arthur  V..  Thomas 
"W..  Z.  Linn;  one  dauj^hter,  Idesta  Ethleen.    Mr.  and  Mrs.  McClearv 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  848 

are  ineuibers  of  the  Baptist  Church,  and  he  belongs  to  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 
and  Patrons  of  Husbandry,  or  the  Grange.  He  is  a  Democrat,  and 
accustomed  to  addressing  the  public  when  called  upon  to  do  so.  The 
father  of  JNIrs.  McCleary,  Rev.  Job  Rossell,  is  deserving  of  special 
mention,  lie  was  born  July  19,  1813,  in  Fayette  County;  was 
licensed  to  preach  by  the  Flatwoods  Baptist  Church.  For  nearly 
fifty  years  he  labored  in  the  Master's  cause.  During  all  these  years 
to  the  many  people  who  knew  him  in  Westmoreland,  Fayette,  Wash- 
ington and  Greene  counties,  the  name  of  Job  Rossell  was  not  uttered 
without  bringing  to  those  who  heard  it  a  train  of  thought  by  which 
their  better  natures  were  more  fully  developed,  and  their  love  for 
their  fellow  man  strengthened  and  broadened.  He  moved  to  this 
township  in  18()1,  locating  near  Ryerson's  Station;  was  for  a  number 
of  years  pastor  of  South  Wheeling  Church.  He  passed  to  the  other 
shore  on  September  21,  1S8-4,  there  to  realize  more  fully  the  fruits 
of  his  labor  here.  He  is  the  only  man,  so  far  as  the  writer  knows, 
who  gave  his  whole  time  to  the  Baptist  Churches  and  missionary 
work  in  this  region,  in  which  work  he  was  successful.  Many  organi- 
zations by  liim  were  started  which  are  to-day  prosperous  churches; 
among  which  is  Fork  Ridge,  West  Virginia.  I  have  told  you  he 
was  the  only  man,  and  yet  he  was  not  the  only  one.  During  these 
nuiny  years  to  his  good  wife  was  left  largely  the  care  of  the  home 
and  family,  and  she  did  her  part  nobly;  her  sacrifices  were  many; 
for  many  years  she  was  an  invalid,  but  ever  cheerful  and  bright. 
She  passed  to  her  rest  November  30,  1887.  During  the  last  years 
of  their  lives  they  were  tenderly  cared  for  by  Mrs.  McCleary  and  her 
husband,  T.  J.  and  children.  F]ternity  alone  can  reveal  the  greatness 
of  these  lives,  in  producing  fruit  for  the  Master's  kingdom.  A 
handsome  bronze  monument  now  marks  their  last  resting  place. 

B.  H.  McNAY,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born  in  Franklin 
Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  December  20,  1836.  His  parents, 
James  and  Anna  (Dickerson^  IMcNay,  were  natives  of  Pennsylvania 
and  among  the  early  settlers  of  this  county.  They  were  of  Irish  and 
English  extraction.*^  His  father  was  a  farmer  during  his  lifetime, 
and  died  in  this  county  in  his  eighty-first  year.  He  reared  a  family 
of  eleven  children,  ten  of  whom'grew  to  maturity.  The  subject  of 
our  sketch  is  the  ninth  in  the  family.  He  was  reared  on  the  farm, 
obtained  a  common-school  education,  and  afterwards  attended 
Waynesburg  College.  He  has  since  been  engaged  in  agricultural 
pursuits,  and  owns  240  acres  of  land  where  he  resides  in  Richhill 
Township.  Mr.  McNay  has  been  twice  united  in  marriage,  his  first 
wife  beino-  Frances  Carson,  and  thev  were  the  parents  of  three  chil- 
dren—J.  V.,  Anna  Maud  and  Leonora  M.  Mrs.  McNay  died  m 
1879.  Her  husband  was  afterwards  married,  in  1882,  to  Miss  Mary, 
dauo-hter  of  Thonuis  Stewart,  and   they  have   three  children— Mabel 


844  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

M.,  II.  Earl  and  Louie.     Mr.  McNay  is  a  Ilepublican.     He  and  wife 
are  members  of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church. 

JOHN  ORNDOFF,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  born  in  Greene 
County  April  9,  1839,  is  a  son  of  AVilliam  and  Salone  (Wisecarver) 
Orndoff.  His  mother  was  a  native  of  Greene  County.  His  father, 
who  was  born  in  Old  Virginia,  was  a  farmer  all  his  life,  having  over 
sixty  3^ears  ago  settled  in  Center  Township,  where  he  resided  until 
his  death  in  1885.  His  family  numbered  eleven  children,  of  whom 
the  gentleman  whose  name  heads  this  sketch  is  the  sixth.  He  was 
reared  on  his  father's  farm,  attended  common  school  in  Center  Town- 
ship, and  has  made  farming  a  success.  He  is  the  owner  of  435  acres 
of  valuable  land  and  a  fine  country  residence.  Mr.  Orndotf  is  ener- 
getic and  industrious,  having  followed  the  example  of  his  father  who, 
when  he  came  to  this  county,  was  a  poor  boy  with  no  earthly  pos- 
sessions but  his  clothing  and  a  horse  and  saddle;  but  by  economy 
and  a  determination  to  succeed,  he  owned  at  the  time  of  his  death 
900  acres  of  land.  John  Orndoff  was  united  in  marriage,  November 
2,  1867,  with  Minerva,  daughter  of  Matthias  Koseberry,  and  they 
are  the  parents  of  six  children;  viz.,  Oscar  F.,  Amanda  S.,  Alice 
M.,  John  B.,  Jessie  L.  and  Benjamin  II.  In  politics  Mr.  Orndoff 
is  a  Republican.     His  wife  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  Church. 

H.  H.  PARRY,  blacksmith,  Bristoria,  Penn.,  was  born  in  West- 
moreland County,  Penn.,  February  16,  1845,  and  is  the  son  of  Royal 
L.,  and  Elizabeth  (Lidea)  Parry.  His  parents  were  natives  of  Wales., 
His  father  was  a  blacksmith,  and  followed  the  trade  during  his  life- 
time. He  had  a  family  of  thirteen  children,  five  of  whom  are  now 
living.  Mr.  H.  II.  Parry  was  raised  on  a  farm  in  Richhill  and 
Washingtovvn  townships.  He  received  the  benefit  of  a  common 
school  education,  and  learned  his  trade  early  in  life.  In  1863  he 
enligted  in  Company  D,  Twelfth  West  A^irg'inia  Infantry,  and  was 
in  several  engagements — among  which  were  the  battles  of  Peters- 
burg, Cedar  Creek,  Hunter's  Raid  and  Winchester.  At  the  close  of 
the  war  he  was  discharged  by  general  order.  After  his  return  home  he 
opened  a  blacksmith  shop,  and  worked  for  four  years  in  Aleppo  Town-  . 
ship,  and  since  that  time  has  been  located  at  Bristoria.'  He  owns  a 
small  'farm,  in  connection  with  his  shop,  also  a  neat  and  substantial 
residence.  In  1869  Mr.  Parry  married  Miss  Mary,  daughter  of  James 
McVay,  Aleppo  Township,  one  of  the  prominent  farmers  and  stock- 
growers  in  this  county.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Parry's  children  are  Charles 
McVay,  M.  Jane,  Flora  B.,  James  M.,  Harry  L.  and  Mary  M.  Mr. 
Parry  is  a  Republican,  and  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  Post. 

J.  E.  PATTERSON,  physician,  was  born  near  Claysville, 
Washington  County,  Penn.,  March  20,  1848.  His  parents  were 
John  and  Mahala  (Patterson)  Patterson,  M'ho  were  of  Irish  and 
German  extraction.      His  father,  who  was  a  farmer  all  his  life,   came 


HISTORY    OF    GEEENE    COUNTY.  845 

to  Greene  County  in  1854,  and  settled  in  Center  Township  on  the 
farm  where  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  reared.  Dr.  Patterson 
acquired  a  common  school  education,  after  which  he  attended 
Wajnesburg  College  and  the  State  Normal  School.  He  began  the 
study  of  medicine  with  Dr.  Gray,  of  Jacksonville,  Penn.,  and  sub- 
sequently attended  the  Medical  College  at  Cleveland,  Ohio.  He  first 
engaged  in  his  profession,  in  1871,  in  the  vicinity  of  Graysville  this 
county,  where  he  has  since  been  in  active  practice,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  a  short  time  spent  in  Nineveh,  Pennsylvania.  In  1874  Dr. 
Patterson  married  Anna,  daughter  ot  Mulford  Burroughs,  and  they 
are  tlie  parents  of  four  children,  viz.,  Charles,  John,  Alma  and 
Bashie.     In  politics  Dr  Patterson  is  a  Democrat. 

MASON  SCOTT,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born  in  Pich- 
hill  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  May  3,  1837,  and  is  a  son  of 
Capt.  John  and  Charlotte  (Mason)  Scott,  who  were  of  German  and 
Irish  descent.  His  father  is  a  farmer  and  a  resident  of  Jackson 
Township,  this  county.  Mr.  Mason  Scott  is  the  oldest  of  six  children 
now  living.  He  grew  to  maturity  on  his  father's  farm  and  received 
a  good  common-school  education.  Early  in  life  he  taught  school  for 
a  time,  but  he  made  farming  and  stock-raising  his  chief  pursuit. 
He  is  the  owner  of  252  acres  of  land  well  stocked  and  improved, 
where  he  resides  near  Bristoria,  Penn.  Mr.  Scott  was  united  in 
marriage,  December  22,  1866,  with  Sarah,  daughter  of  James  and 
Jane  (Sanders)  Lemmon.  They  were  of  Dutch  and  English  descent. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Scott's  children  are  Albert,  Clara  Alice;  and  Westley, 
(deceased).  Mr.  Scott  is  a  Democrat,  and  an  efficient  member  of  the 
..school  boai*d  of  his  township. 

HIPtAM  SCOTT,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  who  was  born  in 
Center  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  May  13,  1841,  is  a  son  o^ 
iElias  and  Harriet  (Kent)  Scott,  natives  of  this  county,  and  of  Dutch 
and  Irish  exti-action.  His  father  spent  all  his  life  as  a  farmer,  and 
died  in  Greene  County  in  1884.  His  family  consisted  of  eight 
children,  of  whom  Hiram  Scott  is  the  third.  Having  been  reared 
on  a  farm,  he  has  followed  farming  as  his  chief  pursuit  and  is  the 
owner  of  180  acres  in  Richhill  Township,  where  he  now  resides.  In 
1861  Mr.  Scott  was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Mary,  daui|liter  of 
the  late  Dennis  lams,  who  was  a  wealthy  and  influential  farmer. 
Mrs.  Scott  is  of  German  lineage.  Their  children  are  Thomas,  George 
B.  McClellan,  a  medical  student;  Matilda,  wife  of  James  Throck- 
morton ;  Florence  and  Charles.  Mr.  Scott  is  a  Democrat.  He  and 
his  wife  are  members  of  the  Baptist  Church. 

ROBERT  SMITH,  county  treasurer,  was  born  in  Washington 
County,  October  29,  1836,  and  is  a  son  of  Andrew  and  Ellen  (Little) 
Smith,  His  mother,  who  was  of  English  extraction,  was  born  in  New 
Jersey.     His  father  was  a  native  of  Scotland,  where  he  was  a  farmer 


846  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

uiid  lierdsinaii.  He  died  in  this  comity  in  1870  at  the  age  of  sev^enty- 
four  years.  His  family  consisted  of  twelve  children,  of  whom 
Robert  is  the  oldest.  He  has  spent  most  of  his  life  in  Greene 
County,  having  received  his  edncation  in  the  schools  of  Richhill 
Township.  He  also  attended  school  for  some  time  in  Fayette  County. 
Mr.  Smith  engaged  in  farming  and  stock-growing  until  he  was 
elected  to  his  present  position  in  1887.  He  was  married  in  this 
county,  May  26,  1859,  to  Miss  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Thomas  and 
Elizabeth  (Caine)  Milliken,  and  they  are  the  parents  of  the  following 
children,  viz.,  Mary  Ellen,  who  died  at  the  age  of  fourteen;  Arabella, 
W.  D.,  A.  J.,  T.  E.,  R.  M.  and  J.  H.  P.  Mr.  Smith  is  actively  in- 
terested in  educational  matters.  In  1872  he  was  elected  county 
commissioner  and  served  two  years  and  ten  months  in  that  position. 

JAMES  L.  SMITH. — Among  the  enterprising  young  business 
men  of  Greene  County,  few  have  met  with  better  success  than  the  firm 
of  Smith  Bros.  Dealers  in  general  merchandise,  Graysville,  Renn., 
successors  to  J.  AV.  HayaaJ^>^^James  L.  Smith,  the  senior  member  of 
the  firm,  was  born  in  Center  Townsliip,  this  county,  March  12,  1856, 
and  is  a  son  of  Thomas  and  Susan  (Scott)  Smith,  natives  of  Greene 
County,  and  of  Scotch-Irish  extraction.  His  father,  a  successful 
farmer,  now  resides  in  Center  Township  on  a  finely  improved  farm 
of  300  acres.  The  subject  of  our  sketch  is  the  oldest  of  a  family  of 
seven  children.  Early  in  life  he  learned  the  blacksmith  and  wagon 
ijiaker's  trade,  in  which  he  engaged  for  several  years.  He  was  a 
good  mechanic  and  made  a  first-class  wagon.  Since  1879  Mr. 
Smith-  has  been  in  the  mercantile  business  with  his  brother  at 
Graysville.  He  is  a  Democrat  in  politics,  and  is  postmaster  at 
Harvey's  Renn.  He  was  married  in  1879  to  Miss  May,  daughter  of 
Hon.  James  W.  Hays,  ex-member  of  the  Legislature.  Tliey  have  two 
children — Jesse  F.  and  Nora.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Smith  are  active  mem- 
bers of  the  Baptist  Church. 

MARTIN  SURLER,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born  in  Rich- 
hill  Township,  Greene  County,  Renn.,  July  29,  1840,  and  is  a  son  of 
William  and  Lucinda  (Cummings)  Supler,  who  were  native;*  of  this 
county,  and  of  English  lineage.  His  father  was  a  farmer  and  hotel 
keeper  at  Jacksonville.  Renn.,  and  died  August  20,  1872.  His 
family  consisted  of  seven  children,  of  whom  the  subject  of  our  sketch 
is  the  second.  He  was  reared  on  the  farm,  attended  the  common 
schools  and  has  made  farming  and  stock-growing  his  occupation  all 
his  life,  with  the  exception  of  the  time  he  spent  in  the  army  and  a 
few  years  during  which  he  engaged  in  the  mercantile  trade  at  Jack- 
sonville. In  1862  he  enlisted  in  Company  C,  Eighteenth  Rennsyl- 
vania  Cavalry,  and  served  as  Seargeant  for  his  company.  While  on 
picket  duty  on  one  occasion  he  received  a  gunshot  wound  which 
caused  him  to  lose  three  and  one-half  inches  of  bone   from    his  left 


HISTORY    OP    GREENE    COUNTY.  847 

arm.  He  was  discharged  in  1864,  having  passed  through  many 
serious  engagements,  among  which  were  the  battles  of  Williamsport, 
South  Mountain  and  Gettysburg.  After  his  return  home  Mr.  Supler 
engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  for  two  years,  and  has  since  de- 
voted his  time  to  farming.  He  owns  135  acres  of  land  with  first- 
class  improvements.  He  was  married  in  this  county  in  Septemher, 
1862,  to  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  A.  J.  and  Eliza  (Sargent)  Goodwin. 
They  have  four  children,  viz.,  Jessie  L.,  wife  of  T.  J.  Carpenter; 
Eannie  D.,  A.  J.  and'  John  B.  Mr.  Supler  is  a  Democra':,  and  a 
member  of  Smith's   Post,  No.   428,  G.  A.  R.,  Jacksonville,   Penn. 

JOHN  M.  WPJGHT,  born  October  12,  1820,  is  a  son  of  Reasin 
and  Nancy  (McGlumphy)  Wright,  who  were  of  German  and  Irish 
and  English  ancestry.  He  is  the  oldest  of  six  children  and  was 
raised  on  his  father's  farm.  When  a  young  man  he  learned  the 
trade  of  a  millwright.  In  1862  he  enlisted  in  Company  C, 
Eighteenth  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Cavalry,  and  was  discharged  at 
the  close  of  the  war,  when  he  returned  to  llichhill  Township,  where 
he  still  resides.  He  was  married  in  this  county,  in  1844,  to  Hester 
Ann,  daugliter  of  John  and  Lydia  (Boyd)  Caseman.  Mrs.  Wright 
is  of  Dutch  extraction.  Their  children  are — George  W.,  a  farmer; 
Sarah  M.,' Perry  and  Elizabeth.  In  politics  Mr.  Wright  is  a  Demo- 
crat. 

G.  W.  WIHGHT,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  born  in  Pichhill 
Township,  February  22,  1849,  is  a  son  of  John  and  Hester  Ann 
(Caseman)  Wright.  He  is  the  oldest  of  his  father's  family 
was  raised  on  the  farm  and  received  his  education  in  the  common 
schools.  Early  in  lifedie  learned  the  carpenter's  trade  and  followed 
that  as  a  business  until  1879,  since  which  time  he  has  both  farmed 
and  worked  at  his  trade.  Mr.  Wright  has  made  his  own  way  in  the 
world.  He  now  owns  a  well  improved  farm  of  135  acres  near 
Bristoria,  Penn.  He  was  married  in  Vermilion  County,  111.,  in 
January,  1871,  to  Elizabeth  J.,  daughter  of  Abraham  and  Mary 
(Gardner)  Kimball,  and  their  children  are — Norton,  Mary  F., 
Oliver  M.,  Maud  D.  and  Hester  L.  In  religion  Mr.  Wright  is  a 
Methodist,  and  his  wife  was  a  member  of  the  Baptist  Church.  He 
is  a  Democrat  and  belongs  to  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 

P.  J.  WHITE,  merchant,  Ryerson's  Station,  Penn.,  was  born  in 
Aleppo  Township,  August  4,  1850.  His  parents,  J.  M.  and  Re])ecca 
(Hewitt)  White,  were  natives  of  Greene  County,  and  of  Dutch  and 
English  extraction.  His  father  is  a  farmer  and  justice  of  the  peace, 
and  now  resides  on  a  farm  in  Aleppo  Township.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  is  the  only  member  of  the  father's  family  now  living.  He  was 
reared  on  the  farm,  attended  the  select  schools  and  engaged  in  farm- 
ing until  1879,  when  he  embarked  in  the  mercantile  trade  for  two 
years  on  Hart's  Run,  in  Aleppo  Township.      He  then  located  at  New 


848  lllSTOEY    OF    GREENE    COUKtV. 

Freeport,  and  carried  on  a  general  store  until  1883,  when  he  removed 
to  his  present  location  and  established  the  business  in  which  lie  is 
meeting  with  great  success,  Mr.  White  was  united  in  marriage  in 
this  county  in  1872,  with  Miss  Margaret  Ann,  daughter  of  W.  J. 
Moore.  Mrs.  AVliite  is  of  English  and  Irish  lineage.  Tiieir  children 
are  Mary  Rebecca  and  Hannaii  E.  In  politics  Mr.  White  is  a  Demo- 
crat, and  was  appointed  to  his  present  position  of  postmaster  at 
Hyerson's  Station  in  1885. 


SPRINGHILL  TOWNSHIP. 

J.  R,  AYERS,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was  born  in  Richliill 
Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  March  12,  1821,  and  is  a  son  of 
Silas  and  Jane  (Rickey)  Ayers.  II  is  jiarents  were  natives  of  New 
Jersey,  from  whence  they  emigrated  to  Richhill  Township,  (irreene 
County,  Penn.,  September,  1807,  and  are  of  English  origin.  His 
father  was  a  farmer  and  soldier  in  the  war  of  1812,  and  was  engaged 
in  the  battles  of  Lundy's  Lane  and  New  Orleans.  Of  his  father's 
family  of  eleven  children,  J.  R.  is  the  fourth.  He  grew  to  manhood 
in  this  county,  spent  his  early  life  in  teaching  school,  and  subse- 
quently chose  the  occupation  of  farming  and  stock-dealing,  in  which 
occupation  he  has  been  very  successful.  lie  owns  a  fine  farm  of  200 
acres  where  he  resides  in  Springhill  Township.  He  was  married 
November  9,  1848,  to  Miss  Caroline  Dye,  who  was  born  in  this 
county  November  9,  1829.  They  are  the  parents  of  the  following 
named  children:  E.  L.,  deceased;  R.  H.,  Nanna  J.,  Pennina,  Silas 
and  Minor  (deceased),  Mary  M.,  Ola  L.,  A.  D.  and  J.  L.  R.  II.,  tlie 
second  son,  who  is  a  farmer,  w^as  born  in  Springhill  Township,  No- 
vember 23,  1852.  He  was  reared  on  the  farm,  received  his  education 
in  the  district  schools.  He  was  married  to  Miss  A  valine  White, 
April  3,  1874.  Pennina,  widow  of  E.  B.  Darling,  deceased,  was  born 
in  Springhill  Township,  May  20,  1858,  and  was  married  Marcli  12, 
1874.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ayers  are  members  of  the  Paptist  Church,  in 
which  he  is  deacon.  He  is  a  Republican,  and  has  hlled  tlie  office  of 
school  director  and  auditor  in  his  township. 

JOHN  BARGER,  retired  farmer  and  stock-grower,  wlio  was  born 
in  Morris  Towmship,  this  county,  May  25,  1827,  is  a  son  of  Francis 
and  Sarah  (Pettit)  Bai'ger.  His  mother,  who  is  of  German  and  Irish 
origin,  is  the  daughter  of  Nathaniel  Pettit,  an  early  settler  of  Morris 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  849 

Township.  His  father,  whose  chief  occupation  was  that  of  farming, 
was  in  early  life  a  shoe-maker  and  school-teacher.  He  died  in  this 
county  April  12, 1854.  He  was  twice  married,  and  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  is  the  oldest  of  his  four  children,  aged  sixty-one  years.  Mr. 
John  Barger  was  a  resident  of  Eichhill  Township  until  he  was  ten 
years  of  age,  wlien  he  moved  with  his  parents  to  Aleppo,  now  Spring- 
hill  Township,  and  has  remained  tliere  for  over  half  a  century.  His 
education  was  obtained  in  the  common-scliools,  and  wliile  still  a  youno- 
man  he  was  employed  as  a  farmer  for  some  time.  He  subsequently 
established  a  store  in  New  Freeport,  Penn.,  and  carried  on  a  success- 
ful business  for  live  years,  and  in  tliat  time  he  made  $10,000.  Mr. 
Barger  now  owns  400  acres  of  valuable  land,  besides  good  town 
]>roperty.  He  is  a  self-made  man, — his  father,  Francis  Bai-ger,  hav- 
ing been  bound  out  by  his  father  to  work  for  Ilobert  Pelleet,  of  New 
York,  until  he  should  attain  his  majority.  He, — John  Barger — 
liowever,  managed  by  industry  and  economy  to  get  a  start  in  the 
mercantile  trade,  with  what  subsequent  success  we  have  already  noted. 
Mr.  Barger  was  united  in  marriage  November  2,  1854,  with  Emily 
J.,  daughter  of  Noah  and  Elizabeth  (Pettit)  Lyon,  and  their  children 
are — David  W.,  a  farmer;  James  P.,  a  silversmitli  of  New  Freeport, 
Penn.;  John  "VV.,  a  teacher,  and  Homer.  Mr.  Barger  is  a  Republican, 
and  has  l)een  postmaster  at  New  Freeport  for  a  period  of  twenty 
years.     He  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Christian  Church. 

JAMES  BURDINE,  retired  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born 
in  Perry  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  March  7,  1820,  and  is  the 
son  of  Levi  and  Rebecca  (Fox)  Burdine,  who  were  of  Dutch  and  Irish 
lineage.  His  grandfather,  Joseph  Fox,  was  a  soldier  in  the  Revolu- 
tionary war.  At  the  age  of  five  years  the  subject  of  our  sketch  was 
left  an  orphan.  Most  of  his  early  life  was  spent  on  the  farm  in 
Monongalia  County,  W.  Ya.,  where  he  attended  tlie  common- 
schools.  He  was  bound  out  as  a  farm  laborer  until  eighteen  years 
old,  when  he  came  to  Whiteley  Township,  this  county.  He  soon 
found  work  on  a  farm,  and  received  eight  dollars  per  month.  On 
November  22,  1842,  Mr.  Burdine  was  united  in  marriage  with  Abi- 
gail, daughter  of  Joseph  Johnson,  of  Dunkard  Township.  Their 
children  are — Dennis,  Eliza  Jane,  Johnson,  Mary,  wife  of  J.  L.  Mor- 
ford;  Harriet  A.,  who  was  the  wife  of  Lewis  Hamilton,  and  died  in 
1883;  Delila  and  James  Milton.  Mr.  Burdine's  present  wife  is 
Fannie,  daughter  of  Rev.  John  Henderson.  They  have  one  child  — 
Orphia.  Mrs.  ]]urdine  is  a  member  of  the  Christian  Church.  Mr. 
Burdine  is  a  Democrat.  He  is  a  self-made  man,  having  begun  life 
as  a  poor  boy,  and  is  now  the  owner  of  a  fine  farm  of  118  acres  in 
Spring-hill  Township.  He  at  one  time  owned  over  400  acres.  He 
has  paid  out  over  $4,000  of  bail  money,  and  has  till  been  able  to  give 
his  children  a  onood  start  in  life. 


g50  HISTORY    OF    OREENE    COtTNTY. 

W.  L.  BURGE,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born  in  Whiteley 
Township,  Greene  County,  Penn,,  August  25,  1827,  and  is  a  son  of 
Henry  and  Rachel  (Wildnian)  Burge.  His  parents,  who  were  of 
English  and  Dutch  descent,  were  natives  of  this  county,  and  members 
of  the  Society  of  Friends.  His  father,  who  died  in  Virginia  in  1866, 
was  a  blacksmith,  and  spent  most  of  his  life  in  that  occupation.  He 
was  twice  married,  and  liis  family  consisted  of  fourteen  children. 
The  subject  of  this  sketch  grew  to  manhood  in  Greene  County,  learned 
the  blacksmith's  trade  with  his  father  and  has  followed  that  as  a 
business  for  over  forty  years.  In  1861  he  M^ent  to  Virginia  and 
worked  at  his  trade  until  1866,  when  he  returned  to  this  county.  He 
has  since  farmed,  and  now  owns  a  farm  consisting  of  118  acres  of 
well-stocked  and  improved  land.  In  1850  Mr.  Burge  married  Miss 
Margaret,  daugliter  of  John  and  Sarah  Knight.  Mrs.  Burge  is  of 
English  and  Dutch  ancestry.  They  have  a  family  of  ten  children, 
viz.:  Plesa  Ann,  wife  of  W.  H.  Main;  Alfred  J.,  William  L.,  Melissa, 
wife  of  Albert  J.  Fordyce;  Rachel,  wife  of  John  L.  Main;  Maggie, 
wife  of  William  II.  Dye;  Mary  M.,  Ella  E.,  John  C.  and  Rosa^E. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Burge  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church, 
where  he  has  served  as  class-leader  for  twenty  years,  and  has  also 
served  as  steward.  Mr.  Burge  is  a  Democrat,  He  takes  an  active 
interest  in  the  public  schools,  and  has  been  for  a  number  of  years  a 
member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 

THOMAS  M.  CARPENTER,  physician,  Deep  Valley,  Penn., 
was  born  in  Greene  County,  January  14,  1843,  and  is  a  son  of  Will- 
iam and  Agnes  (Derbin)  Carpenter.  His  father,  who  is  a  blacksmith 
by  trade,  was  born  in  JSew  Jersey,  but  now  resides  on  a  farm  in 
Jackson  Township,  His  mother  was  a  native  of  Morgan  town,  W. 
Va,  His  grandfather,  James  Carpenter,  was  among  the  earliest 
farmers  of  Richhill  Township,  this  county.  His  father  was  twice 
married,  and  Dr.  Carpenter  is  the  oldest  child  of  the  first  wife.  He 
was  reared  on  his  father's  farm,  obtaining  his  earliest  education 
in  the  district  school.  He  studied  medicine  in  the  College  of  Phy- 
sicians and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  Md.,  and  is  now  in  active  practice 
as  a  physician.  Dr.  Carpenter  is  a  close  student,  and  endeavors  to 
keep  himself  posted  in  matters  pertaining  to  his  profession.  He 
was  united  in  marriage  April  5,  1865,  with  Miss  Margaret  J,  White, 
whose  parents  were  of  English  and  Irish  origin.  Mrs.  Carpenter's 
father,  Stephen  White,  was  the  first  man  to  build  and  settle  in  Deep 
Valley.  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Carpenter  are  the  parents  of  the  following 
named  children:  Emma,  William,  Virginia,  James,  Stephen,  Sarali 
(deceased),  Harriet  and  Jordan.  Winfield  Burdine,  the  youngest 
child  was  adopted  by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Carpenter  when  oidy  nine  days  old. 
The  Doctor  is  a  Democrat,  and  a  member  of  the  Greene  County  Med- 
ical Societv.    He  and  wife  belono-  to  the  Methodist  Protestant  Church, 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE   COUNTY.  851 

P.  C.  DINSMORE,  M.  D.,  Deep  Valley,  Penn.,  was  born  in 
Richhill  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn,,  January  9,  1854.  He  is 
a  son  of  Thomas  and  Elizabetli  (Dickey)  Dinsmore,  natives  of  Greene 
and  Washington  counties,  respectively.  They  are  of  Irish  and 
English  ancestry.  Dr.  Dinsmore's  father  is  a  farmer  and  stock 
dealer  now  residing  on  a  farm  in  Washington  County.  The  Doctor 
is  the  oldest  in  a  family  of  six  children,  and  was  reared  in  his  natii'e 
township.  He  attended  the  graded  schools  of  AVashington  County, 
and  commenced  the  study  of  medicine  with  Dr.  Silas  McCracken,  of 
Claysville,  Penn.  He  practiced  for  a  year  in  West  Yirginia,  was  a 
student  in  the  Cleveland  Medical  College  one  year,  and  subsequently 
attended  Baltimore  Medical  College,  where  he  g-raduated  with  the 
lionors  of  his  class  in  1887,  and  ex-graduate  of  Medico  Chirurgical 
Faculty,  Philadelphia.  The  token  of  honor  bestowed  on  Dr.  Dins- 
more  on  this  occasion  M'as  a  gold  medal,  which  he  still  retains  as  a 
souvenir.  Dr.  Dinsmore  has  been  very  successful  in  his  profession, 
to  which  he  is  greatly  attached.  He  was  united  in  marriage  August 
10,  1881,  with  Miss  j\lary  P.,  daughter  of  George  and  Harriet  Hunt, 
and  they  have  two  children — Thomas  A.  and  George  H.  In  politics 
Dr.  Dinsmore  is  a  Democrat. 

JAMES  M.  FERRELL,  Merchant,  New  Freeport,  Penn.— 
Among  the  most  prominent  business  men  in  this  part  of  Greene 
Greene  County  we  mention  the  gentleman  whose  name  heads  this 
sketch.  He  was  born  at  Jacksonville,  Penn.,  iVpril  13,  1851,  and  is 
a  son  of  George  W.  and  Sarah  (Pettit)  Ferrell.  His  ancestors  were 
among  the  early  German  settlers  of  the  county.  His  father  was  a 
shoe-maker  all  his  life,  and  was  in  business  in  Jacksonville  for  over 
forty  years.  His  father  was  twice  married,  having  three  children 
by  the  first  marriage  and  eight  by  the  second.  Mr.  James  M,  Fer- 
rell attended  the  common  schools  and  Jacksonville  Academy  at 
Jacksonville,  Penn.  Early  in  life  he  taught  school  for  a  period  of 
nearly  three  years.  In  1873  he  engaged  in  the  mercantile  trade  at 
Jacksonville,  and  in  187G  he  was  appointed  salesman  for  the  Singer 
Sewing  Machine  Company,  for  which  he  acted  as  general  agent  for 
three  years,  with  Harrisonburg,  Ya.,  as  headquarters,  where  he  and 
his  family  lived  during  the  time.  In  1882  Mr.  Ferrell  located  at 
New  Freeport,  where  he  established  a  general  store.  He  is  eminently 
qualilied  for  his  business.  His  affable  manner  and  obliging  disposi- 
tion, coupled  with  a  determination  not  to  be  excelled  or  undersold, 
have  drawn  to  his  store  many  of  the  affluent  and  influential  citizens 
of  Springhill  Township  and  surrounding  country.  He  owns  a  com- 
modious store  building,  which  enables  him  to  carry  an  extensive 
stock,  Mr,  Ferrell  was  married  October  26,  1876,  to  Miss  Frances 
Henrietta,  daughter  of  Hon.  James  W.  Hays,  of  Waynesburg,  Penn. 
Mrs.  Ferrell  was  born  in  Washington,  D.  C.     Their  children  are  - 

47 


852  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

Russell  Hays,  Jessie  Yirginia  and  James  Wilson.  They  are  mem- 
bers of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church.  Mr.  Ferrell  is  a 
Republican,  and  for  a  time  was  postmaster  at  Jacksonville.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  the  Encampment,  and  in  ISTS-'TG 
was  representative  to  the  Grand  Lodge  at  Philadelphia,  Penn. 

F.  il.  GRIFFITH,  a  farmer  and  stock-dealer,  residing  in 
Springhill  Township,  Greene  County,  is  the  oldest  son  of  Sam- 
uel and  Lydia  (Blake)  Griffith.  He  was  born  in  Marshall  County, 
W.  Va.,  October  13,  1858,  but  has  spent  most  of  his  life  in 
Greene  County,  Penn.,  where  he  came  with  his  parents  at  a  very 
early  age.  He  attended  the  schools  of  Springhill  Township,  and 
while  still  a  young  man  he  began  farming  as  his  chief  pursuit.  He 
has  met  with  more  than  average  success,  and  has  a  valuable  farm  of 
150  acres.  In  1881  Mr.  Griffith  was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss 
Joanna,  daughter  of  Edward  Dowlin,  of  West  Virginia.  Mrs. 
Griffith  is  of  English  ancestry.  They  have  two  children — Shannon 
A.  and  Caddie  A.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Griffith  are  members  of  the  Church 
of  God.  He  is  superintendent  of  the  Sabbath-school,  and  his  political 
views  are  Republican. 

SAMUEL  GRIFFITH,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  who  was  born 
in  Maryland,  August  1, 1835,  is  a  son  of  Daniel  and  Mary  (Strickler) 
Griffith,  who  were,  respectively,  natives  of  West  Virginia  and  Mary- 
land, and  of  English  origin.  His  father,  who  was  a  farmer  and 
stock-grower,  died  in  this  county  in  1848.  The  subject  of  this  sketch 
is  the  second  in  a  family  of  nine  children.  He  was  reared  on  the 
home  farm  and  attended  the  district  school.  Early  in  life  he  made 
choice  of  farming  as  his  occupation,  and  has  met  with  great  success. 
He  started  in  life  as  a  poor  boy,  working  for  twenty-five  cents  per 
day,  and  has  succeeded  in  accumulating  a  handsome  fortune.  His 
farm,  which  lies  in  West  Virginia  and  Greene  County,  Penn.,  con- 
sists of  257  acres  of  well  improved  land,  and  he  has  a  neat  and  sub- 
stantial residence  in  Springhill  Township,  where  he  has  lived  for 
twenty-six  years.  In  1857  Mr.  Griffith  was  united  in  marriage  with 
Miss  Lydia  J.,  daughter  of  Nathan  and  Susannah  (Richardson) 
Blake,  and  they  have  a  family  of  nine  children,  viz. — ^F.  IL,  Susan 
Mary,  wife  of  John  Earnest;  Sarah  E.,  J.  J.,  Thomas  J.,  Clarabel, 
Margaret,  Bruce  and  Martha.  Mr.  Griffith  is  a  Republican.  He 
and  wife  are  members  of  the  Disciples  Church. 

LEWIS  W.  HAMILTON,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born  in 
Whiteley  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  September  19, 1848,  and 
is  a  son  of  William  and  Margaret  (Maple)  Hamilton.  His  mother 
was  a  native  of  this  county,  and  died  October  29,  1869,  and  his 
father  was  born  in  Greene  County,  Penn.,  where  he  spent  most  of 
his  life.  He  was  a  farmer  by  occupation,  and  died  April  3,  1879. 
He  reared  a  family  of  fifteen  children,  of  wliom  Lewis  AY.   is  the 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  853 

youngest.  He  was  reared  on  the  farm,  receiving  a  common-school 
education.  He  has  made  farming  his  chief  pursuit,  and  has  fol- 
lowed it  very  successfully.  On  March  10,  1872,  Mr.  Hamilton 
married  Miss  Harriet  A.,  daughter  of  James  Burdine,  of  Springhill 
Township.  Mrs.  Hamilton  died  in  1883.  Their  children  are — 
George  W.,  Mary  Ellen,  Thomas  J.,  Eliza  Jane  and  James  W.  (de- 
ceased). On  October  20,  1884:,  he  was  again  united  in  marriage, 
his  present  wife  being  Maria  M.,  daughter  of  John  C.  Church,  of 
Isabella  County,  Mich.  They  have  one  child — Calva  E.  Mr. 
Hamilton  is  a  Democrat;  his  wife  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church. 

ENOCH  HAMILTON,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born  in 
\yhiteley  Township,  this  county,  September  20,  1844,  and  is  a  son  of 
"William  and  Margaret  (Mapel)  Hamilton.  His  parents  were  of 
English  and  German  origin,  and  were  natives  of  this  connty.  His 
father,  who  was  a  farmer  and  stock-grower,  died  in  1879.  He 
was  reared  in  Springhill  Township,  where  he  attended  the  common 
schools.  Here  he  has  spent  much  of  his  life  as  a  farmer,  and  has 
met  with  marked  success.  He  owns  118  acres  of  well  improved  land 
where  he  lives  near  New  Freeport,  Penn.  Mr.  Hamilton  was  united 
in  marriage  in  1871  with  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  John  and  Mary 
(Philson)  Tastin.  Her  parents  were  of  German  and  English  descent. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hamilton  are  the  parents  of  the  following  named 
children:  Delilah  Ann,  John  W.,  William  C,  Elizabeth  E.,  Fannie 
IL,  Cora  L.,  Festus  C.  and  Lewis  W.  In  politics  Mr.  Hamilton  is 
a  Democrat. 

W.  P.  HOSKINSON,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  who  was  born 
in  this  county,  December  28,  1838,  is  a  son  of  George  and  Sophia 
(Adams)  Hoskinson.  His  parents  were  natives  of  "Waynesburg, 
Penn., and  his  ancestors,  who  were  of  English  extraction,  were  among 
the  pioneer  settlers  of  Greene  County.  Mr.  Hoskinson's  great-grand- 
father, Adams,  was  killed  by  the  Indians.  His  grandfather,  Robert 
Adams,  built  one  of  the  first  brick  houses  in  Waynesburg — the  house 
now  occupied  by  Henry  C.  Sayers,  Esq.  Mr.  Hoskinson's  father 
was  a  saddler  by  trade,  and  among  the  prominent  citizens  of  the 
county,  in  which  he  served  as  associate  judge,  and  also  as  register 
and  recorder.  He  died  in  Waynesburg,  July  24,  1884.  He  was 
twice  married,  and  by  the  first  marriage  there  were  eight  children, 
of  whom  the  subject  of  this  sketch  is  the  third.  W.  P.  Hopkinson 
was  reared  in  Waynesburg,  where  he  received  his  early  education. 
Most  of  his  early  life  was  spent  as  clerk  in  a  store,  and  he  was  given 
the  manacrement  of  his  father's  business.  In  1860  he  bous'ht  a 
half  interest  in  the  store,  and  bought  his  father's  interest  in  1861 
and  carried  on  a  successful  business  for  a  period  of  twenty  years. 
He  has  since  devoted  his  time   to    farming    and    owns  200  acres  of 


354  nisTorvY  of  greene  county. 

valuable  land  near  New  Freeport.  Mr.  Hosldnson  was  married  June 
21,  1860,  to  liebecca,  daughter  of  Phillip  and  Matilda  (Garrison) 
Shough.  Her  father  is  a  prominent  farmer  of  Gilmore  Township, 
having  at  one  time  owned  over  seven  hundred  acres  of  land.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Hosldnson  are  the  parents  of  four  children — Phillip  D.,  a 
clerk  and  salesman;  George  W.,  a  farmer;  Mary  S.  and  Eobert  L., 
who  is  a  student  at  Waynesburg  College.  Squire  Hoskinson  is  an 
active  members  of  the  Baptist  Church,  in  which  he  is  a  trustee  and 
deacon.       He  belongs  to  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  tlie  Masonic  fraternity. 

JOSEPHUS  ISIMINGER.— The  history  of  the  Isiminger  family 
commences  in  Greene  County  with  Abraham  Isiminger,  who  came  from 
New  Jersey  to  this  county  and  was  among  the  pioneer  German  set- 
tlers. His  descendants  have  been  usually  farmers.  The  subject  of 
this  sketch,  Josephus  Isiminger,  was  born  in  this  county  November 
3,  1839,  and  is  a  son  of  Andrew  and  Sarah  (Kughn)  Isiminger,  who 
were  of  German  and  English  extraction.  His  father  was  a  farmer 
and  reared  his  son  to  that  occupation.  Josephus  Isiminger,  is  the 
sixth  in  a  family  of  twelve  children;  attended  the  district  school  in 
Whiteley  Township.  He  owns  a  good  farm  where  he  resides,  and 
has  also  spent  some  time  at  the  carpenter's  trade,  in  connection  with 
his  agricultural  pursuits.  In  18(31  Mr.  Isiminger  married  Miss 
Maria  Lemley,  and  they  had  live  children — Nicholas,  Eliza  J.,  Eliza- 
beth R.,  John  and  William.  Mrs.  Isiminger  died  in  1873.  She  was 
a  member  of  the  Baptist  Church.  Mr.  Isiminger's  second  wife  was 
Miss  A.  M.  Dollison,  to  whom  he  was  married  in  1879.  They  have  two 
children — Elias  and  Eva.  Mrs  Isiminger  is  not  a  member  of  the 
Baptist  Church,  but  she  is  of  Baptist  faith. 

JACOB  ISIMINGER,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born  in 
Greene  County,  Penn.,  February  17,  1830.  He  is  a  son  of  Andrew 
and  Sarah  (Kughn)  Isiminger,  who  were  also  natives  of  this  county, 
and  of  German  extraction.  His  father's  family  consisted  of  five  sons 
and  four  daughters,  all  of  whom  grew  to  maturity.  Jacob  Isiminger 
was  the  oldest  and  was  reared  in  Whiteley  Township,  on  the  farm 
where  his  father  now  resides.  He  attended  the  common  schools  and 
chose  farming  as  an  occupation.  He  is  the  owner  of  100  acres  of 
fine  land  where  he  resides,  near  Deep  Valley  Postoffice,  in  Spring- 
hill  Township.  Mr.  Isiminger  was  united  in  marriage,  June  1, 
1859,  with  Hannah,  daughter  of  William  and  Elizabeth  (Hinerman) 
Miller,  and  they  are  the  parents  of  four  cliildren,  viz:  McClelland, 
Stanton,  Henry  and  Willie.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Isiminger  are  members 
of  the  Baptist  Church,  and  Mr.  Isiminger  has  been  superintendent 
of  the  Sabbath-school  for  years.     He  is  a  Democrat  in  politics. 

JOHN  II.  MILLER,  M.  D.,  Deep  Valley,  Penn.,  was  born 
in  Springhill  Township,  Greene  County,  October  6,  1858,  and  is  a 
son   of  Iliel  and  Mary  (Warrick)  Miller.      His  parents  were  also  na- 


HISTORY    OF    GKKENE    COUNTY.  855 

tives  of  tins  county,  and  of  Irish  and  English  lineage.  His  father 
who  was  a  farmer  all  his  life  died  in  1864.  Mr.  Miller  was  then  in  his 
sixth  year  and  was  the  eldest  of  four  children.  lie  received  his  edu- 
cation in  the  district  schools,  and  at  the  age  of  fifteen  obtained  a 
certificate  and  taught  his  first  school.  He  was  for  sometime  thereafter 
engaged  in  teaching  the  country  schools  of  the  county.  He  then 
worked  for  a  time  in  the  glass  works  at  Martin's  Ferry,  Oliio,  in 
which  place  he  was  appointed  policeman  by  the  town  council.  He 
had  previous  to  this  time  begun  the  study  of  medicine,  but  was 
obliged  to  abandon  it  for  the  lack  of  funds.  In  1885  he  entered  the 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  at  Baltimore,  Maryland,  and  in 
1886  he  became  a  student  in  the  Western  Pennsylvania  Medical  Col- 
lege, graduating  with  high  honors.  He  was  a  diligent  and  success- 
ful student,  and  was  elected  president  of  his  class.  Dr.  Miller  re- 
turned to  Greene  County,  where  his  genial  manner  and  professional 
skill  soon  won  for  him  a  good  practice.  He  has  had  unusual  success 
in  surgery.  He  was  married  in  Deep  Valley  to  Miss  Charlotte, 
daughter  of  Joseph  and  Elizabeth  (Geary)  Nuss.  Her  parents  were 
of  German  origin.  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Miller  have  four  children,  three 
now  living — Leon,  Furman  and  Floyd.  The  Doctor  and  wife  are 
members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  He  is  a  Democrat, 
and  a  member  of  the  Greene  County  Medical  Society. 

JOHN  MILLER,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born  in  Spring- 
hill  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  June  20,  1845,  and  is  a  son  of 
Jacob  and  Sarah  (McConnell)  Miller,  who  were  of  Irish  and  German 
origin.  His  father  was  a  farmer  and  stock-grower,  and  died  in  this 
county  in  1881.  Of  his  family  of  eleven  children,  John  Miller  is 
the  ninth.  He  was  reared  on  the  farm,  attending  school  in  the  old 
log  school  house  of  the  district.  Since  his  marriage  in  1870,  he  has 
devoted  much  of  his  leisure  time  to  study,  and  has  acquired  his  edu- 
cation without  assistance.  He  is  is  now  able  to  read  and  write  and 
keep  his  accounts  correctly.  Mr.  Miller  owns  the  farm  Avhere  he  re- 
sides, consisting  of  123  acres  of  well  improved  land.  Mr.  Miller's 
wife  was  Miss  Caroline  Peeves.  She  is  a  daughter  of  Phineas  and 
Matilda  Peeves,  and  of  Irish  origin.  Her  ancestors  were  among 
the  pioneers  of  Greene  County.  In  politics  Mr.  Miller  is  a  Dem- 
ocrat. 

J.  L.  MORFORD,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born  in  Spring- 
hill  Township,  this  county,  November  23,  1847,  and  is  a  son  of  Isaac 
and  Elizabeth  (Brown)  Morford.  His  parents  were  of  Irish  and 
German  ancestry,  and  were  natives  of  Greene  County.  Mr,  Mor- 
ford's  ancestors  were  among  the  pioneer  settlers  of  the  couTity.  Ilis 
grandfather,  James  Morford,  was  a  pioneer  farmer.  Isaac  Morford, 
his  father,  who  spent  his  life  in  this  county,  was  killed  at  Burton, 
West  Virginia,  November,  1864,  where  he  was  shot  by  a  man  who 


:/ 


856  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY, 

opposed  him  in  a  political  dispussion.  His  family  consisted  of  six 
children,  of  whom  the  subject 'of  this  sketch  is  the  youngest.  He 
was  reared  on  his  father's  farm,  receiving  his  education  in  the  com- 
mon schools.  He  chose  farming  as  his  occupation  through  life  and 
has  been  very  successful,  owning  at  present  a  fine  farm  of  122^ 
acres  near  New  Freeport,  Penn.  In  1866  Mr.  Morford  married 
Miss  Mary,  daughter  of  James  Burdine.  They  are  the  parents  of 
seven  children,  viz:  James  B.,  Mary  Ann  Eliza.,  Valma  L.,  Eliza- 
beth A.,  Samuel  M.,  Lewis  Q,  and  Delilah  Harriet.  In  polities 
Mr.  Morford  is  a  Democrat. 

JOHN  McNEELY,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  Kew  Freeport, 
Penn.,  was  born  in  this  county  March  8,  1842.  He  is  a  son  of  John 
and  Elizabeth  (Coen)  McNeely,  natives  of  Greene  County,  and  of 
English  extraction.  His  father  was  a  farmer.  His  family  numbered 
eleven  children,  of  whom  John  is  the  fifth.  He  spent  his  early 
manhood  on  the  farm,  receiving  his  education  in  the  common  schools. 
He  has  made  farming  his  life  work,  and  his  home  farm  contains  278 
acres  of  valuable  land.  In  1861  Mr.  McNeely  was  united  in  mar- 
riage with  Mary,  daughter  of  Michael  and  Sarah  (Taylor)  Poupe. 
Mrs.  McNeely  is  of  Dutch  origin.  Their  children  are — Jacob,  a 
farmer;  Pachel,  wife  ot  Himus  Null;  Nanc}',  wife  of  William 
Roupe;  John,  Elizabeth  and  Robert,  Mr.  McNeely  is  a  Democrat. 
His  wife  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  Church. 

J.  H.  PINEHART,  M.  D.,  New  Freeport,  Penn.,  was  born  in 
Franklin  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  January  28,  1859,  He 
is  a  son  of  William  II.  and  Ruth  Ann  (Bowen)  Rinehart,  residents 
of  Springhill  Township.  Dr.  Rinehart  is  the  third  in  a  family  of 
eight  children.  He  attended  the  common-school  and  was  later  a 
stude!it  of  Waynesburg  College.  He  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  P. 
C.  Dinsmore,  of  Deep  Yalley,  Penn.,  and  also  attended  the  Starling 
Medical  College  at  Columbus,  Ohio,  where  he  graduated  in  1887. 
He  then  entered  the  practice  of  his  chosen  profession  at  New  Free- 
port,  Penn.,  his  present  location.  In  1888  he  formed  a  partnership 
with  Dr.  I.  N.  Owen,  an  old  and  experienced  physician  who  has 
been  in  active  practice  in  Greene  County  for  many  years.  At  the 
early  age  of  seventeen  the  Doctor  began  teaching  school,  spendiiig 
some  time  in  that  employment  both  in  this  county  and  in  West  Vir- 
ginia. He  began  the  study  of  medicine  at  the  same  time  and  also 
paid  considerable  attention  to  the  study  of  surveying  and  civil  en- 
gineering. He  has  been  through  life  a  diligent  student  and  gives 
promise  of  a  successful  career. 

W.  H.  RINEHART,  farmer  and  stock-dealer,  son  of  Jacob  and 
Abigail  (Huss)  Rinehart,  M^as  born  January  6,  1827.  His  parents 
were  natives  of  Greene  County,  and  of  German  descent.  The  Rine- 
hart\s  were  among  the  earliest  settlers  of  the  county.     Several  mem- 


HISTORY    OF    GIIEENE    COUNTY.  857 

bers  of  the  family  were  killed  by  the  Indians,  and  others  were  taken 
captive  when  children  growing  up  among  the  savages.  They  were 
almost  without  exception  farmers,  but  some  few  a  member  of  the 
family  were  professional  men.  Mr.  Rinehart's  father,  who  was  a 
farmer  and  stock-dealer,  died  in  1874.  The  subject  of  this  sketch 
is  the  oldest  of  a  family  of  seven  children.  He  was  reared  on  the 
farm,  receiving  his  education  in  the  district  school  in  Franklin 
Township.  lie  has  made  farming  and  stock-dealing,  his  occupation 
and  now  owns  the  farm  where  he  resides  in  Springhill  Township. 
In  1852  Mr.  Rinehart  was  married  to  Miss  Ruth  xVnn,  daugliter  of 
Corbly  and  Joanna  (Garrison)  Bowen,  who  were  of  German,  English 
and  French  origin.  Mrs,  Rinehart's  paternal  grandmother  was  a 
member  of  the  Corbly  family  who  were  murdered  by  the  Indians 
"near  Garard's  Fort,  this  county.  Mr.  and  Mrs,  Rinehart  are  the 
parents  of  the  following  children — M,  E,,  a  resident  of  Deep  Valley, 
Penn.;  J.  11,,  a  practicing  physician;  Joanna,  wife  of  Scott  Lippencott; 
Arabell,  wife  of  J,  C,  F.  Milligan;  S,  Cora  and  Maude  B.  The  fam- 
ily are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

JAMES  STILES,  merchant  and  justice  of  the  peace,  Deep  Val- 
ley, Penn.,  was  born  in  Monongalia  County,  West  Virginia,  January 

4,  1841,  and  is  a  son  of  Thomas  and  Frances  (Cross)  Stiles.  His 
father,  who  was  a  farmer,  died  in  West  Virginia  in  1852.  The 
subject  of  this  sketch,  the  youngest  of  seven  children,  was  reared  in 
his  native  county,  where  he  received  a  common-school  education. 
After  his  father's  death  he  was  apprenticed  as  a  bound  boy  until 
twenty-one  years  of  age.    In  1809  he  entered  the  employ  of  Hon.  II. 

5.  White,  as  a  salesman,  and  formed  a  partnership  with  him  the 
same  year.  This  partnership  was  dissolved  in  1871,  and  Mr.  Stiles 
located  at  Deep  Valley,  where  he  established  a  general  store.  In 
1883,  in  company  with  J.  K.  Null,  he  erected  the  mill  at  Deep  Val- 
ley, and  later  he  dissolved  partnership  with  Mr.  Null,  Squire  Stiles 
has  met  with  success  in  business  and  is  an  honorable,  high-minded 
gentleman.  In  politics  he  is  a  Republican,  In  1869  he  was  united 
in  marriage  with  Jennie,  daughter  of  Rev.  D,  Charnock,  of  Wheel- 
ing, W,  Va.  They  were  the  parents  of  one  child,  James,  deceased, 
Mrs,  Jennie  Stiles  died  in  1871.  In  1873  Mr,  Stiles  married 
Emma  J.,  daughter  of  George  Wright,  tliej'  are  the  parents  of  seven 
children — Ora  Belle,  Lucy  H,,  Minnie  P,,  James  G,,  Nellie  A., 
Christie  and  Goldie,  Mrs.  Stiles  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church,  In  1875  Mr,  Stiles  was  elected  justice  of  the 
peace,  which  office  he  has  since  held  continuously.  In  1864  he  en- 
listed in  Company  N,  Sixth  West  Virginia  Infantry,  and  served  nntil 
the  close  of  the  war.  He  is  an  active  member  of  the  G,  A,  R.  Post, 
No,  550,  and  is  now  Adjutant, 


358  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

THOMAS  STKOPE,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  Deep  Valley, 
Penn.,  was  born  November  22,  1823,  and  is  a  son  of  Thomas  and 
Sarah  (Elems)  Strope.  His  parents  were  of  English  descent.  His 
father,  who  was  a  farmer  during  his  lifetime,  died  in  1848.  Mr. 
Thomas  Thrope  is  the  fourth  in  his  father's  family  and  the  eldest 
who  grew  to  maturity.  His  opportunities  for  an  education  were  very 
limited.  He  is  a  self-made  man  and  now  owns  290  acres  of  well 
improved  land.  When  he  was  a  small  boy  he  worked  by  the  month 
and  then  worked  on  a  farm  as  a  tenant.  He  also  learned  the  tanner's 
trade,  at  which  he  was  employed  until  twenty-four  years  of  age. 
Mr.  Strope's  first  wife  was  Eliza  Mitchell,  who  lived  twenty-five 
years  after  their  marriage.  They  had  one  child,  George  "W.  Mrs, 
Sarah  Jane  Strope,  the  present  wife,  was  the  daughter  Jacob  Miller, 
a  prominent  farmer  of  Springhill  Township.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Strope 
are  the  parents  of  two  children — Park  L.  and  Purman  D.  Mr. 
Strope  is  a  Republican.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  Fraternity 
and  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry.  He  and  wife  are  members  of  the 
Church  of  God. 

W.  T.  WHITE,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  Deep  Yalley,  Penn., 
was  born  in  Monongalia  County,  West  Virginia,  April  30,  1842. 
He  is  a  son  of  Michael  and  Mary  A.  (Russell)  White,  who  were  also 
natives  of  West  Virginia,  and  of  German  extraction,  Mr.  White's 
father  was  a  farmer  through  life,  and  died  in  Monongalia  County, 
W.  Va.,  in  1868,  Of  his  family  of  four  children,  W.  T,  White  is  tlie 
second.  He  was  reared  on  the  home  farm  and  received  his  education 
in  the  common-schools.  Having  chosen  farming  as  his  occupation, 
Mr,  White  came  to  Gree;.e  County,  Penn.,  in  1872,  and  settled  on  a 
farm  in  Springhill  Township  where  he  now  resides.  His  farm  con- 
sisting of  185  acres,  is  well  stocked  and  improved.  In  1868  he  was 
married  to  Miss  Harriet,  daughter  of  William  and  Elizabeth  (Oden- 
bangh)  Kent.  Mrs,  White  is  of  English  descent,  The}^  have  four 
children — Luella,  a  school  teacher;  Guy  W.,  Nettie  E,  and  Charles 
F.  Mrs,  White  died  March  13,  1888.  The  family  are  members  of 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  in  which  Mr,  White  takes  an  active 
interest.  He  is  also  greatly  interested  in  school  affairs  and  has  been 
one  of  the  most  efficient  members  of  the  school  board  in  his  township. 
In  1861  he  enlisted  in  the  Sixth  West  Virginia  Volunteer  Infantry 
in  Company  JST.,  where  he  served  until  the  close  of  the  war,  being  a 
non-commissioned  officer. 

JOSEPH  WHITLATCH,  farmer  and  stock-growler,  was  born  in 
Whiteley  Township,  this  county,  November  22, 1821,  and  is  a  son  of 
Joseph  and  Barbara  (Hostetler)  Whitlatch.  His  mother  was  born  in 
Fayette  County,  and  his  father  in  Greene,  and  they  were  of  English 
and  Dutch  extraction.  His  father  was  a  farmer  and  distiller  by  occu- 
pation.    His  grandfather,  Thomas  Whitlatch,  who  was  an  energetic 


IIISTOKY    OF    GRE1<:NE    COUNTY.  859 

and  industrious  farmer  through  life,  was  born  in  England  and  emi- 
grated to  America,  coming  to  Greene  County  among  the  earliest  set- 
tlers. The  subject  of  this  sketch,  who  is  the  sixth  in  a  family  of  ten 
children,  resided  in  Whitele}^  Township  until  be  was  twenty-four 
years  of  age.  He  has  followed  his  father's  occupation  and  has  been  very 
successful,  being  now  the  owner  of  220  acres  of  well-improved  land. 
Mr.  Whitlatch  was  united  in  marriage,  December  11,  1845,  with  Miss 
Jane,  daughter  of  Thomas  Owen,  who  came  from  Wales.  Tliey  are 
the  parents  of  thirteen  children — Elizabeth,  wife  of  George  Plantz; 
Benson,  who  died  July  5,  1888,  aged  thirty-eight  years;  Barbara  J., 
wife  of  George  Murphy;  Sarah  Ann,  wife  of  John  Springer;  Susan 
Caroline,  wife  of  William  Patterson;  Mary  Ellen,  wife  of  John 
Nicholas;  John  AV.,  Peter  O.,  Belle,  wife  of  James  Brewer;  Viola, 
AVilliam,  Isaac  N.,  and  David  (deceased),  who  was  their  oldest  child, 
died  April  12,  1880,  aged  thirty-three  years.  Mr.  Whitlatch  is  a 
member  of  the  Baptist  Church,  in  which  he  has  been  a  deacon  for 
twenty-three  years,  and  also  superintendent  of  the  Sabbath-school. 
The  other  members  of  the  family  are  members  of  the  Church  of  God. 
Mr.  AVhitlatch  is  a  Republican,  and  has  been  school  director  in  his 
township.  lie  went  into  the  army  as  a  private  in  1864,  and  served 
until  the  close  of  the  war. 

AVILLIAM  AVILDMAN,  farmer  and  stock-grower,  was  born  in 
Gilinore  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  October  31,  1847,  and  is 
a  son  of  Joseph  and  Frances  (Cumpston)  Wildman.  His  parents 
were  born  in  Dnnkard  Township,  and  were  of  English  descent.  His 
father  spent  his  life  as  a  farmer.  His  family  consisted  of  nine  chil- 
dren, of  whom  AA^illiam  is  the  seventh.  He  was  reared  on  the  home 
farm,  receiving  his  education  in  the  common  schools.  Since  early 
life  he  has  made  farming  his  chief  pursuit,  and  has  met  with  unusual 
success.  Mr.  AVildman  has  made  his  own  way  in  the  world,  and  is 
now  the  owner  of  175  acres  of  well-improved  land.  In  1868  he 
married  Miss  Tlnth,  daughter  of  Alexander  Compston.  Mrs.  AV^ild- 
man  is  of  German  origin.  Their  children  are — Anna  C,  wife  of 
Jacob  Tustin;  Fannie,  Eliza  Ellen,  Harriet,  Charles  AV.,  and  Pebecca 
(deceased).  Mrs.  AYildman  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church.     In  politics  Mr.  Wildman  is  a  Democrat. 


WASHINGTON    TOW^NSHIP. 

SILAS  BARNES,  retired  farmer,  P.  O.  Ruff's  Creek,  was  born 
on  the  farm  where  he  now  resides  in  Washington  Township,  Greene 


••**-' 


8g0  '  HISTORY    OF    GREElSrE    COUNTY. 

County,  Penn.,  August  22,  1810.  His  parents  were  Jacob  and 
Phoebe  (Crayn)  P)arnes,  who  were  natives  of  Pennsylvania.  They 
were  the  parents  of  nine  children,  of  whom  six  are  living.  The 
subject  sf  our  sketch  is  the  second  of  these  children,  and  was  united 
in  marriage,  in  1832,  with  Catharine  Johns.  She  was  born  in  Wash- 
ington Township,  this  county,  in  1816,  a  daughter  of  Jacob  and 
Elizabeth  (Smith)  Johns,  who  were  pioneers  of  Greene  County.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Barnes  are  the  parents  of  three  children — Maria,  Elizabeth 
and  John.  Mr,  Barnes  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  has  been  engaged 
in  farming  through  life,  lie  owns  300  acres  of  land.  He  served  as 
sheriff  of  the  county  by  appointment,  was  elected  treasurrr  in  1847, 
and  in  1878  was  elected  associate  judge  and  served  one  term.  Mrs, 
Barnes  died  in  November,  188(3. 

JAMES  BOYD,  farmer  (deceased),  was  born  in  Greene  County, 
Penn.,  September  10, 1813.  His  parents,  Richard  and  Mary  (Pitney) 
Boyd,  were  natives  of  Marj^land,  but  settled  in  Greene  County,  Penn., 
and  remained  until  their  death.  James  Boyd  was  united  in  marriage, 
April  14,  1839,  with  Martha  Decamp,  who  was  born  in  Washington 
County,  November  2,  1816.  She  was  a  daughter  of  Eunion  and 
Hannah  (Winget)  Decamp,  who  departed  this  life  in  Iowa,  To  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Boyd  were  born  eight  children,  six  of  whom  are  living — 
Permelia,  Minerva,  wife  of  George  W.  Johnson;  James,  Martha  J., 
Mary  S.,  wife  of  B.  li.  Bell,  and  Hannah  J,,  wife  of  James  C.  Bell; 
the  deceased  being  Elizabeth  E.,  who  was  the  wife  of  Samuel  J.  Gra- 
ham, and  Eraeline.  Mr,  Boyd  was  a  farmer,  and  at  the  time  of  his 
death  owned  176  acres  of  land  where  his  widow  and  family  reside, 
at  Hope  P.  O.,  Greene  County.  He  was  a  consistent  member  of  the 
Baptist  Church,  of  which  Mrs.  Boyd  is  also  a  member.  Mr.  Boyd's 
death  occurred  August  2,  1885,  and  he  was  much  mourned,  not  only 
by  his  own  family  and  immediate  friends,  but  as  a  good  citizen 
throughout  the  township  and  county. 

ROBERT  BRISTOR,  farmer,  P.  O,  Hackney  Penn,,  was  born 
in  Washington  Township,  Greene  County,  August  11,  1818,  a  son 
of  James  and  Catharine  (Sibert)  Bristor,  the  former  a  native  of 
Pennsylvania  and  the  latter  of  Virginia.  They  settled  and  remained 
in  Greene  County  until  their  deatli.  Robert  Bristor  was  united  in 
marriage,  June  15,  1841,  with  Margaret  Oliver,  who  was  born  in 
Washington  Township,  November  18,  1821.  Her  parents  were 
Samuel  and  Elizabetli  (Holingsworth)  Oliver,  the  one  a  native  of 
New  Jersey  and  the  other  of  Pennsylvania.  They  also  settled  in 
Greene  County  and  remained  until  their  death.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Robert  Bristor  have  ten  children — Mary  J,,  widow  of  Shadrach 
Mitchell ;  ;james  N.,  Melinda,  wife  of  Samuel  Kelley;  Caroline,  wife 
of  Joseph  Smith;  Timothy  J.,  Hannah  M.,  wife  of  Joseph  Martin; 
Rachel  E.,   Oliver  D.,  John   W.,   and  George  W.  (deceased).     Mr, 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  '  SGI 

Bristol"  has  always  lived  on  a  farm,  and  has  devoted  himself  to  stock- 
raising  and  the  care  of  his  land  of  which  he  owns  200  acres  where, 
with  his  family,  he  now  resides.  lie  and  his  wife  are  consistent 
members  of  the  Bethlehem  Baptist  Church.. 

SYLYESTEIi  CAliY,  farmer,  deceased,  was  born  in  AVashing- 
ton  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  May  6,  1819.  His  father 
and  mother  were  Daniel  and  Mary  Cary  {iiee  C-ooper),  who  were  na- 
tives of  Washington  County,  where  they  were  married,  then  settled 
in  Greene  County,  remaining  till  their  death.  Sylvester  Cary  was 
twice  married,  his  first  wife  being  Miss  Hannah  Cooper,  born  Au- 
gust 14,  1820,  a  daughter  of  Zebulon  Cooper.  By  this  marriage  Mr. 
Cary  was  the  father  of  nine  children,  only  one  of  whom — -Elinas  W. 
— is  now  living.  Mrs.  Cary  died  in  1858.  Her  husband  then 
married,  March  10,  1859,  Sarah  J.  Cooper;  she  was  the  widow  of 
Nathaniel  Cooper,  and  was  born  March  29,  1833.  Her  father  and 
mother  were  John  and  Martha  Cooper  {nee  Atkinson),  who  were  na- 
tives of  Pennsylvania,  and  after  marriage  residents  of  Washington 
County  until  death.  By  his  second  marriage  Mr.  Cary  was  tlie 
father  of  five  children— Laura  B.,  M'ife  of  Oscar  Day;  Thomas  S.", 
Alice  S.,  wife  of  John  M.  Simpson,  John  C;  and  Hannah  M.,  de- 
ceased. Mrs.  Cary  by  her  first  marriage  is  the  mother  of  one  child — 
Flora  S.,  wife  of  John  Andrew.  Sylvester  Cary,  deceased,  was  one 
of  the  substantial  citizens  of  Washington  Township,  In  connection 
with  the  farming  he  made  quite  a  success  of  stock-dealing  during  his 
life,  and  at  his  death  was  the  possessor  of  a  fine  farm  containing 
about  600  acres.  He  belono-ed  to  the  Methodist  Protestant  Church, 
of  which  his  widow  is  also  a  member.  Mr.  Cary's  death  occurred 
January'  3,  1886,  and  it  proved  a  great  loss  not  only  to  his  family 
but  also  throughout  the  community  in  which  he  lived. 

JAMES  W.  CLOSSER,  farmer,  grain  and  stock-dealer,  Waynes- 
burg,  Penn. — Among  the  stirring  and  prosperous  business  men  of 
Greene  County,  we  take  pleasure  in  mentioning  the  name  that  heads 
this  biographical  sketch.  He  was  born  in  Amwell  Townsliip,  Wash- 
ington County,  October  15,  1852,  and  is  a  son  of  xlndrew  J.  and 
Sarah  (Totton)  Closser,  who  were  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  married 
and  settled  in  Bethlehem  Township,  Washington  County,  where 
they  remained  through  life.  On  September  24,  1882,  James  W. 
Closser  married  Miss  Elazan  Garner,  who  was  born  in  Washington 
Township,  April  4,  1858,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  Church. 
Iler  parents  were  Matthew  and  Sarah  (Hnffman)Garner,  the  latter  of 
whom  is  deceased.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Closser's  family  consists  of  three 
children — Daniel,  Hallie  J.  and  James  I.  Although  reared  on  a 
farm,  Mr.  Closser  has  been  engaged  in  various  pursuits  since  start- 
ing ont  in  life  for  himself.  He  is  at  present  dealing  in  grain,  stock 
and  agricultural  implements,  besides  managing  his  farms  which  con- 


862  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

sist  of  about  600  acres,  owned  in  partnership  with  his  brother  Henry. 
JESSE  CRAIG,  deceased,  w^as  born  in  Virginia,  October  20, 
1799;  and  following  in  the  footsteps  of  the  early  pioneers,  while  still 
a  boy,  came  to  Pennsylvania  and  settled  in  Greene  County,  on  March 
12,  1829,  he  married  Miss  Hannah  Evans,  who  was  born  in  Wash- 
ington County,  April  27,  1803,  a  daughter  of  David  and  Elizabeth 
Evans,  both  deceased.  By  this  marriage  Mr.  Craig  was  the  father  of 
one  child,  David,  who  married  Nancy  Matthews.  Mr.  Craig  lost 
his  wife  by  death,  January  27,  1831;  but  realizing  that  it  was  not 
good  for  man  to  be  alone,  on  April  22,  1832,  he  was  married  to  Miss 
Sophrona  Cary,  who  was  born  on  the  farm  where  she  and  family  re- 
side, March  5,  1815,  a  daughter  of  Abel  and  Eunice  Cary  {nee 
Woodrufl).  Her  parents  were  natives  of  New  Jersey,  and  early  in 
life  settled  in  Greene  County,  Penn.,  remaining  until  their  death. 
By  the  last  marriage  Mr.  Craig  was  the  father  of  thirteen  children, 
of  whom  nine  survive  him — Cephas,  married  Eunice  Bigler;  Daniel, 
married  Malinda  Bane;  Sarah,  wife  of  Abel  Turner;  Abel,  married 
Sarah  J.  Rejester;  Eunice,  wife  of  John  G.  Barr;  Hannah,  Eleanor, 
wife  of  Silas  Hoover;  Margaret,  wife  of  George  Stilwell,  and  Sophrona, 
wife  of  William  Taylor.  Thomas  (married  Leah  Horn),  Mary,  Eliza- 
beth and  Jesse,  being  deceased.  Mr.  Craig  was  a  successful  farmer, 
and  stock-raiser  through  life,  owning  at  the  time  of  his  death  a  farm 
of  150  acres.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Baptist  Church,  of  which 
his  widow  is  also  a  member.  He  filled  in  his  lifetime  the  office  of 
justice  of  the  peace  of  Washington  Township.  He  departed  this 
life,  April  26,  1882;  and  by  his  death  the  township  lost  a  good 
citizen  and  his  family  a  kind  husband  and  father. 
-^  ENOCH  DURBIN,  retired  farmer.  Swarfs  Station,  Penn.,  was 
born  in  Richhill  Township,  Greene  County,  July  24,  1820,  a  son  of 
Step'hen  and  Mary  Durbin  {nee  McDonell),  the  former  a  native  of 
Maryland.  After  marriage  they  resided  in  Richhill  Township  until 
their  death.  Enoch  Durbin  was  united  in  marriage  the  first  time  in 
1845,  with  Mary  M.  Stagner,  born  in  Morris  Township  in  1819,  a 
daughter  of  John  and  Mary  Stagner.  By  this  marriage  Mr.  Durbin 
is  the  father  of  four  children— Peter  H.,  George  W.,  Eliza  J.,  wife 
of  Thomas  lams;  and  John  (deceased).  Mrs.  Durbin  died  May  27, 
1866.  Four  years  after  her  death,  December  7,  1870,  Mr.  Durbin 
took  for  a  second  wife  Eliza  Hopkins,  born  January  27,  1818,  on 
what  was  known  as  the  old  Hopkins  farm,  where  she  and  family  still 
reside.  Her  parents  were  Daniel  and  Esther  Hopkins  {nee  Johnson). 
The  former  was  born  in  eastern  Pennsylvania,  November  27,  1782. 
and  his  wife  in  Washington  County,  November  8,  1787.  They  were 
married  November  15,  1811,  and  settled  in  Maryland,  then  lived  in 
Washington  County,  Penn.,  one  year  and  moved  to  Greene  County 
in  1816,  remaining  until  their  death.    Mr.  Hopkins  died  October  10, 


HISTORY    OP    GREENE    COUNTY.  863 

1828,  and  his  widow  October  5, 1866.  They  were  the  parents  of  eight 
children,  of  whom  six  are  living — Marg-aret,  Levi,  Eliza,  the  wife  of 
snbject  of  this  sketch,  ISarauel,  Abigail,  the  wife  of  Rev.  J.  T. 
Iwiley,  and  Aranna.  The  deceased  are  William  S.  and  John  J. 
Enoch  Dnrbin  has  been  a  farmer  all  through  life,  and  he,  wife  and 
sister-in-law  are  all   members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

G.  W.  DUIiBIN,  farmer,  Sycamore,  Penn.,  was  born  in  Morris 
Township,  Greene  County,  December  20,  1849,  a  son  of  Enoch  and 
Mary  Durbin  {iiee  Stagner).  His  father  and  mother  were  natives  of 
Ilichhill  and  Morris  townships  respectively.  They  remained  in  this 
county  after  their  maniage,  Mrs.  Durbin  departing  this  life  in  1866. 
Sometime  after  her  death  Mr.  Durbin  contracted  a  second  marriage 
with  Miss  Eliza  Hopkins,  and  now  resides  in  Washington  Township. 
George  AV.  Durbin  chose  as  his  life  partner,  September  11,  1875, 
Miss  Jennie  L.  Fonner,  who  was  born  in  Morris  Township,  Novem- 
ber 4,  1854,  a  daughter  of  James  and  Eliza  Fonner  [iiee  Tajdor). 
Iler  parents  were  natives  of  Greene  County,  where  they  were  mar- 
ried and  lived  until  Mr,  Fonner's  death,  March  16,  1883.  His  widow 
is  still  living.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Durbin  have  been  born  five  chil- 
dren— James  R.,  Lizzie  B.,  Albert  F.,  Charlie  B.  and  Maggie  E. 
Mr.  Durbin  is  a  farmer  by  occupation  and  has  made  that  his  lifg 
work.  He  is  the  possessor  of  a  100-acre  farm  on  which  he  and  family 
reside.  Both  he  and  wife  are  consistent  members  of  the  Bates'  Fork 
Baptist  Church;  and  he  is  a  leading  director  of  the  school  board, 
taking  great  interest  in  the  educational  affairs  of  the  township. 

JOHN  EDGAR,  farmer,  Castile,  Penn.,  is  one  of  the  substantial 
farmers  and  stock-dealers  of  Washington  Township,  Greene  County, 
where  he  was  born  May  2,  1845.  His  parents  were  Isaac  and  Mar- 
garet Edgar,  the  former  a  native  of  New  Jersey,  and  the  latter  of 
Washington  County,  Pennsylvania.  After  marriage  they  settled  in 
Greene  County  and  remained  until  1868,  then  lived  in  Washington 
County  till  1874 — the  year  of  Mrs.  Edgar's  death.  Her  husband 
died  in  1875.  John  Edgar  was  united  in  the  holy  bonds  of.matri- 
mony  February  9,  1869,  with  Mary  A.  Keys,  born  in  Washington 
County,  September  24,  1850.  Her  parents,  Daniel  and  Ruth  (Bane) 
Keys,  are  natives  of  Washington  County  where  they  still  reside. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  Edgar  are  the  parents  of  nine  children — Daniel 
A.,  Ida  R.,  Maggie  M.,  Lucy  L.,  William  K.,  John,  Anna  M.,  Min- 
nie and  Clarence.  Mr.  Edgar  has  been  engaged  in  farming  and 
stock-dealing  all  his  life.  He  owns  228  acres  of  land  in  one  tract, 
on  which  he  and  his  family  reside.  They  are  consistent  members  of 
the  Baptist  Church,  in  which  he  has  served  as  deacon  for  three  years. 
He  has  also  been  a  member  of  the  school  board  of  his  township. 

STEPHEN  FULTON,  farmer,  Castile,  Penn.,  was  born  in  West 
Bethlehem  Township,  Washington  County,  August  16,  1818,  a  son 


864  HISTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

of  Stephen  and  Jeruslia  Fulton  {^lee  Gary).  His  mother  was  a  na- 
tive of  Greene  and  his  father  of  Washington  County,  where  they 
settled  after  their  marriage  and  remained  through  life,  Mr.  Fulton's 
death  occurring  in  1847  and  his  widow  in  1858.  September  16, 1847, 
Stephen  Fulton  wedded  Miss  Mary  Greenlee,  who  was  born  in  Wash- 
ington County,  December  26,  1822.  She  is  a  daughter  of  Samuel 
and  Nancy  Greenlee  {iiee  Gantz),  the  one  a  native  of  Maryland  and 
the  other  of  Fayette  County,  Penn.  After  marriage  they  resided  in 
Washington  County  until  the  death  of  Mrs.  Gantz  in  1863.  Her 
husband  died  in  1876.  Stephen  Fulton  and  wife  are  the  parents  of 
eight  children,  five  of  whom  are  living — Emma,  wife  of  Zephaniah 
Johnson;  Samuel  G.,  Henry  H.,  Eliza,  wife  of  Amos  Shirk,  and 
Albert  G.;  Nancy,  Margaret  and  Ruth,  are  deceased.  Mr.  Fulton 
has  always  lived  in  the  country  and  engaged  in  farming  throughout 
his  life,  which  has  been  one  of  usefulness  and  activity,  and  he  has 
acquired  for  himself  and  family  a  farm  of  120  acres,  where  he  now 
lives.     They  are  both  members  of  the  Mount  Zion  Baptist  Church. 

SPENCER  B.  GARNER,  farmer,  P.  O.  Waynesburg,  was  born  in 
Greene  County,  Penn.,  March  10,  1851.  His  father,  Matthew — son 
of  Samuel  and  Catharine  (Miller)  Garner — was  born  in  Washington 
Township,  August  9,  1820;  and  September  29,  1844,  wedded  Sarah, 
daughter  of  Amos  Mastei'S.  She  was  a  native  of  Greene  County, 
and  died  August  5,  1851.  After  her  death  Matthew  married  Sarah, 
daughter  of  John  Huffman,  December  24,  1854.  She  was  also  a 
native  of  Washington  Township,  and  died  August  23,  1871.  Her  hus- 
band then  married,  October  3  1872,  Miss  Maria  Keigley,  his  present 
wife,  a  native  of  the  same  township  and  a  daughter  of  George  and 
Anna  Keigley,  both  deceased.  Spencer  B.,  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
was  united  in  marriage,  September  16,  1875,  with  Ella  Huss,  who 
was  born  in  Greene  County,  Penn.,  August  7,  1854,  a  daughter of 
William  H.  and  Maria  Huss  [nee  Keys),  the  former  a  native  of 
Greene  and  the  latter  of  Washington  County.  Mr.  Huss  is  deceased 
and  his  widow  is  now  living  with  her  daughter,  Mrs.  S.  B.  Garner. 
To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  S.  B.  Garner  have  been  born  two  children — Weatha 
and  Isa  G.  Mr.  Garner  has  been  a  farmer,  stock-dealer  and  miller 
through  life,  and  owns  184  acres  of  land  in  Washington  Township. 
He  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Bates'  Fork  Baptist  Church. 

T.  J.  HUFFMAN,  farmer  and  stock-dealer.  Ruff's  Creek,  Penn., 
was  born  in  Washington  Township,  December  17, 18  19.  His  parents, 
George  and  Susannah  (Stagner)  Huftnian,,  are  natives  of  Greene 
County,  where  they  reside  at  present.  Mr.  Huffman,  the  subject  of 
this  sketch,  was  united  in  marriage.  May  25,  1871,  with  Eliza  M. 
Mattox,  wlio  was  born  in  Morris  Township,  this  county,  October  12, 
1852,  a  daughter  of  John  and  Clarissa  Mattox  [nee  Rial).  Her 
mother  was  a  native  of  New  Jersey  and  her  father  of  Greene  County, 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  865 

Penii.,  where  tliey  settled  after  marriage  and  remained  till  tlie  death 
of  Mr.  JMattox;  his  widow  survives  him.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Huffman 
are  the  parents  of  four  children,  one  living — George  E.,  born  May 
24,  1880;  and  Lonny,  Ida  and  an  infant,  deceased.  Mr.  Huffman  is 
a  member  of  the  Baptist  and  his  wife  of  the  Cumberland  Presbyte- 
rian Church.  Mr.  Huft^man  was  raised  on  the  farm  where  he  now 
resides  with  his  family  and  parents,  and  in  connection  with  his 
farming,  has  dealt  in  all  kinds  of  stock,  making  the  raising  of  fast 
horses  a  specialty;  of  these  the  principal  ones  are  "Slow-Go,"  and 
two  that  Yanderbilt  bought.  Mr.  Huffman  has  always  been  known  as 
one  of  the  most  successful  and  enterprising  farmers  of  his  township- 

G.  W.  HUFFMAN,  farmer  and  stock^dealer,  P.  O.  Puff's  Ci-eek, 
w'a^  born  in  Washington  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  Jan/;^ry 
17,  1845.  He  is  a  son  of  George  and  Susannah  (Stagner)  Huft'/j^an, 
who  are  natives  of  Greene  County,  where  they  were  married  and 
have  resided  all  their  lives.  Mr.  Huffman  was  united  in  marriage, 
September  20,  1860,  with  Phoebe  J.  Baldwin,  who  was  born  in 
AVashington  County,  March  27, 1846.  Her  parents,  Amos  and  Sarah 
(Lindley)  Baldwin,  were  natives  of  Washington  County,  but  moved 
to  Iowa  where  they  both  died.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Huffman  are  the 
parents  of  two  interesting  daughters — Cora  B.  and  Sadie  A.  Mr. 
Huff'man  was  brought  up  on  a  farm,  and  in  connection  with  his  farm- 
ing interests  has  made  the  raising  of  line  stock  a  specialty.  He  owns 
380  acres  of  land  where  he  and  family  live,  and  a  fifth  interest  in 
700  acres  in  Kansas.  The  whole  family  are  consistent  and  leading 
members  in  the  Bethlehem  Baptist  Church. 

ANDREW  HUGHES,  retired  farmer,  Paiff's  Creek,  Penn.,  is 
one  of  the  old  pioneers  of  Greene  County,  having  been  born  in 
Washington  Township,  November  1,  1810,  a  son  of  Nathan  and 
Nancy  (Sharon)  Hughes.  Mrs.  Hughes  was  a  native  of  England, 
and  her  husband  was  born  in  Greene  County,  Penn.,  wliere  they  re- 
sided from  the  time  of  their  marriage  until  their  death.  Andrew 
Hughes  was  united  in  marriage,  September  25,  1834,  with  Hannah 
Crayne,  born  in  AVashington  Township,  April  4,  1815,  a  daughter 
of  Daniel  and  Hannah  (Clawson)  Crayne,  the  one  a  native  of  Greene 
County,  Penn.,  and  the  other  of  New  Jersey.  After  marriage  they 
made  their  home  in  Mr.  Hughes'  native  county  until  their  death. 
Mr.  Andrew  Hughes  and  wife  are  the  parents  of  two  children — Asa 
and  Samuel.  Mr.  Hughes  was  raised  on  a  farm  and  has  been  a  tiller 
of  the  soil  all  his  life.  He  owns  the  200-acre  farm  where  he  now 
lives  with  his  family.  He  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Bethlehem 
Baptist  Church,  in  which  they  have  ever  been  regarded  as  among 
the  most  prominent  and  faitliful  workers. 

ZEPHANIAH  JOHNSON,  retired  farmer,  Castile,  Penn.— The 
subject  of  this  sketch  is  one  of  the  substantial  pioneer  farmers  of 


8(3(3  HISTOEY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

Greene  County,  having  been  born  in  Morgan  Townsliip,  December 
21,  1812.  His  parents  were  Zenas  and  Phoebe  (Wolf)  Johnson,  who 
were  natives  of  New  Jersey,  and  after  marriage  moved  to  Greene 
County,  Penn.,  and  spent  the  remainder  of  their  lives.  March  6, 
1837,  Zephaniah  Johnson  took  unto  himself  a  wife  in  the  person  of 
Miss  Rachael  Ulery,  born  in  Greene  County,  February  24,  1819. 
Iler  parents  were  Stephen  and  Jane  (Cruyn)  Ulery,  w^lio  were  natives 
of  Washington  County,  Penn.,  but  moved  to  Knox  County,  (3hio, 
remaining  until  their  death.  By  this  marriage  Mr.  Johnson  is  the 
fatherof  the  following  children — Phoibe  J.,  wife  of  Isaac  Keys;  Stephen, 
Zenos,  Daniel  and  Sarah.  Mrs.  Johnson  departed  this  life  July  21, 
1853.  After  her  death  Mr.  Johnson  was  united  in  marriage,  in 
1857,  with  Mrs.  Mary  Horn  (^nee  Moore),  a  daughter  of  Joseph  and 
Mary  Moore,  both  deceased.  By  the  last  marriage  Mr,  Johnson  is 
the  father  of  one  daughter— Ellen.  Her  mother  departed  this  life 
May  21,  1872.  Mr.  Johnson  has  always  lived  on  a  farm,  to  which, 
in  connection  with  stock-raising,  he  has  given  his  care  and  attention 
through  life.  His  farm  consists  of  234  acres.  He  is  named  among 
the  prominent  citizens  of  his  township,  and  is  a  leading  member  in 
the  Mount  Zion  Baptist  Church. 

GEORGE  W.  JOHNSON,  farmer,  P.  O.  Ten-Mile,  was  born  in 
Morgan  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  May  21,  1818.  His 
parents  were  Zenas  and  Phoebe  (Wolf)  Johnson,  who  were  natives  of 
New  Jersey,  where  they  were  married,  then  moved  to  Greene  County, 
Penn.,  remaining  till  Mrs.  Johnson's  death,  which  occurred  in  1819. 
Her  husband  then  married  Sarah  Crayn.  Both  died  in  Greene 
County.  The  subject  of  our  notice  was  united  in  marriage,  Novem- 
ber 4,  1841,  with  Eunice  Smith,  born  in  Amwell  Township,  Wash- 
ington County,  April  16,  1821,  She  is  the  daughter  of  Peter  and 
Priscilla  (Cooper)  Smith,  the  former  a  native  of  Germany,  and  the 
latter  of  Washington  County,  Penn.,  where  they  were  married,  and 
after  settling  for  a  short  time  in  Greene  County,  returned  and  died 
there.  Mr.  G.  W.  Johnson  and  wife  are  the  parents  of  five  children 
— Smith,  I.  B.,  Plicebe  J.,  wife  of  Othaniel  Phoads;  Zephaniah  and 
George  A.  Having  been  reared  on  a  farm,  Mr.  Johnson  has  been  a 
tiller  of  the  soil  all  his  life,  and  owns  the  farm  of  170  acres  wdiere 
he  now  lives  with  his  family.  He  has  served  as  a  member  of  the 
school  board  of  his  township,  and  both  he  and  wife  are  members  of 
the  Baptist  Chnrch. 

ZENAS  JOHNSON,  farmer,  P.  O,  Ruff's  Creek,  born  in  Greene 
County,  Penn,,  April  12, 1827,  is  a  son  of  Zenas  and  Sarah  Johnson, 
the  former  a  native  of  New  Jersey,  and  the  latter  of  Greene  County, 
Penn.,  who  after  marriage  settled  and  remained  in  this  county  until 
tlieir  death.  Our  subject  was  united  in  marriao-e,  October  28,  1862, 
with  Sarah  J.  Watson,  born   in  Washington  County,  Penn.,  October 


TII.STORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  867 

28,  1839,  who  is  still  living  and  is  a  consistent  member  of  the  Meth- 
odist Episcopal  Church.  Her  parents  were  John  and  Mary  A.  (Al- 
most) Watson,  the  former  a  native  of  Ireland,  and  the  latter  of 
Greene  County,  Penn.,  who  settled  in  Washini^ton  County  after  mar- 
riage, where  they  remained  until  tlieir  death.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs, 
Johnson  have  been  born  eight  children — George  B.,  Daniel  D.,  Silas 
C,  Sadie,  Emma,  Maggie,  Jennie  and  Cora.  Having  been  raised  on 
a  farm,  Mr.  Johnson  has  made  farming  his  business  through  life, 
and  through  industry  and  economy  has  secured  for  himself  one  of 
the  best  farms  in  AVashington  Township,  consisting  of  257  acres. 

D.  W.  JOHNS,  farmer,  P.  O.  Kuff's  Creek,  is  a  descendant  of 
one  of  the  Pioneer  families  of  Greene  County,  Penn.  He  was  born 
in  Washington  Township,  May  21,  1838,  a  son  of  Jacob  and  Eliza- 
beth Johns  {iiee  Ross),  who  are  natives  of  Greene  County,  the  former 
of  Washington  Township  and  the  latter  of  Morgan.  They  have  re- 
sided in  Washington  Township  ever  since  they  were  married.  The  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  was  united  in  marriage,  February  24,  1870,  with 
llachael  Meek,  who  was  born  in  Washington  Township,  November  17, 
1842,  a  danghter  of  John  and  Elizabeth  Meek  {iiee  Boyd),  who  were 
natives  of  Greene  County,  where  they  remained  until  their  death, 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Johns  have  two  children — Thomas  S.,  born  June  5. 
1871;  and  John  F.,  born  February  8,  1873.  Mr.  Johns  was  raised 
on  a  farm  and  has  been  engaged  in  farming  and  dealing  in  stock  all 
his  life.  He  owns  345  acres  of  land  where  he  and  family  live.  He 
and  wife  are  members  of  the  Bethlehm  Baptist  Church. 

JACOB  JOHNS,  a  retired  farmer  of  liufPs  Creek,  Penn.,  is  one 
one  of  the  pioneers  of  Washington  Township,  Greene  County.  He 
was  born  on  the  farm  where  he  and  family  reside,  December  3, 
1806,  and  is  a  son  of  Jacob  and  Elizabeth  (Smith)  Johns,  the  former 
a  native  of  Delaware  and  the  latter  of  Washington  County,  Penn., 
who  settled  in  Greene  County  after  marriage  and  remained  until  their 
death.  Jacob  Johns  was  united  in  marriage  March  27,  1834,  with 
Elizabeth  Ross,  born  in  Morgan  Township,  Greene  County,  May  29, 
1816.  Her  parents,  John  and  Phoebe  (Eaton)  Ross,  were  natives  of 
Greene  Connty  and  residents  therein  until  their  death.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Johns  are  the  parents  of  eight  cliildren,  four  of  whom  are  living  and 
married,  as  follows:  J.  R.,  to  Mary  J.  Huffman;  D.  W.,  to  Rachael 
Meek;  Abner,  to  Elizabeth  Meek;  and  Jacob,  Jr.,  first  to  Lourinza 
R.  McClelland,  then  to  Josephine  V.  Hickman.  The  deceased  are — 
Phcebe,  Timothy,  Thomas,  and  Elizabeth,  who  was  the  wife  of  Jacob 
lloo-e.  Mr.  Johns  has  been  eno-aged  in  farming  all  his  life  and  owns 
about  500  acres  of  land  in  Greene  County.  He  held  the  office  of 
justice  of  the  peace  of  Washington  Township  for  ten  years,  and  filled 
the  positions  of  assessor,  auditor,  inspector  and  tax  collector  of  his 
township. 

48 


ggg  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

GEORGE  KEIGLEY,  farmer,  Waynesburg,  Venn.,  was  born  in 
Washington  Township,  Greene  County,  April  8,  1831,  a  son  of 
George  and  Anna  Keigley  [nee  McCaslin).  They  were  natives  of 
Pennsylvania,  where  tliey  were  married  and  remained  in  Greene 
County  until  their  death.  Both  departed  this  life  where  the  subject 
of  this  notice  now  resides.  March  21, 1869,  George  Keigley  married 
Similda  J.  Rose,  who  was  born  in  Guernsey  County,  Ohio,  March 
27,  1845,  a  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Elizabeth  Rose  {^nee  Haines). 
They  were  natives  of  Pennsylvania  but  lived  in  Ohio  until  about 
1850,  when  they  returned  to  Fayette  County,  Penn.,  where  Mrs.  Rose 
died  in  1852.  Mr.  Rose  married  again  and  moved  to  Greene  County, 
Penn.,  then  to  Fulton  County,  Penn.,  where  he  died  November  10, 
1887.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Keigley  have  been  born  eight  children — 
Laura  V.,  Homer  L.,  Mary  M.,  Jessie  I.,  Sadie  E.,  Louie,  Anna  P. 
and  Thomas  H.  Mr.  Keigley  is  a  saddle  and  harness-maker  by 
trade,  which  he  followed  about  fifteen  years,  after  which  he  engaged 
in  the  service  of  his  country  in  Company  F,  Pennsylvania  Cavalry, 
and  served  nine  months.  He  and  his  wife  are  faithful  members  of  the 
Baptist  Church. 

JOHN  M.  MARTIN,  farmer  and  stock-dealer,  P.  O.  Ten  Mile, 
was  born  in  Morgan  Township,  Greene  County,  August  12,  1823. 
His  parents  were  Thomas  and  Mary  (Bradbury)  Martin,  natives  of 
New  Jersey.  They  were  married  in  Washington  County,  Penn.,  and 
made  their  home  in  Greene  County,  where  Mr.  Martin  died.  Mrs, 
Martin  died  in  Missouri.  After  her  husband's  death,  she  lived  with 
her  children,  who  were — John  M.,  the  eldest  and  the  subject  of  this 
sketch;  Thomas  and  David  C.  John  M.  was  united  in  marriage 
January  18,  1848,  with  Miss  Martha  Moore,  born  in  Wash- 
ington^County,  Penn.,  in  1819.  Her  parents  were  Joseph  and  Mary 
(Shackleton)  Moore,  both  deceased.  By  this  union  Mr.  Martin  is  the 
father  of  four  children — Joseph  T.,  Martha  A.  and  James  J.,  living; 
and  Mary  E.,  deceased.  Mrs.  Martin  departed  this  life  in  1880. 
February  8,  1881,  Mr.  Martin  was  again  nnited  in  marriage  with 
Isabella  (Barr)  Montgomery.  She  was  born  in  Washington  County, 
and  is  a  daughter  of  Samuel  and  Sarah  Barr,  the  former  deceased. 
By  his  last  marriage  Mr.  Martin  is  the  father  of  two  sons — Charles 
A.  and  Ira  H.  He  was  raised  on  a  farm  and  made  farming  his  busi- 
ness through  life,  having  also  delt  somewhat  in  stock.  He  owns 
about  200  acres  of  land  in  Greene  County,  and  is  one  of  tlie  in- 
dustrious and  substantial  citizens  of  Washington  Township. 

L.  W.  MEEK,  farmer,  P.  O.  Swart's,  was  born  on  the  farm  where 
he  and  his  family  reside  in  Washington  Township,  December  26, 
1858.  He  is  a  son  of  Cary  and  Jane  Meek  [nee  Milliken),  who 
were  natives  of  Greene  County,  Pennsylvania,  where  they  were 
married,   settled    and    remained    until     their    death.       He    died    in 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  869 

October,  1873,  and  his  widow  in  November  of  the  same  year. 
They  were  the  parents  of  four  children — L.  W.,  A.  W.,  Josie  and 
Lillie.  L.  W.  Meek  was  united  in  marriage  with  Sena  Buchanan, 
born  in  Waynesburg,  March  18,  1859,  a  daughter  of  David  and 
Cassie  Buclianan  (jiee  Swart],  the  former  a  native  of  Greene  and  tlie 
latter  of  Washington  County,  Penn.  They  reside  in  Morris  Town- 
ship, Greene  County.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Meek  are  the  parents  of  two 
children — Cassie  J.  and  David  B.  Mr.  Meek  was  raised  on  a  farm 
and  has  given  considerable  attention  to  stock-dealing  in  connection 
with  the  care  of  his  farm  which  consists  of  140  acres.  He  has  also 
taken  much  interest  in  the  educational  affairs  of  his  township  and  has 
serv^ed  as  a  members  of  the  school  board.  His  wife  is  a  member  of 
the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church. 

CEPHAS  MEEK,  farmer,  Ruff's  Creek,  Penn.,  is  a  descendant 
of  one  of  the  pioneer  families  of  Greene  County.  He  was  born  in 
Washington  Township,  January  24, 1832,  a  son  of  John  and  Elizabeth 
(Boyd)  Meek,  who  were  natives  of  Greene  County,  where  they  were 
married,  settled  and  remained  until  their  death.  She  died  December 
24,  1869,  and  her  husband  February  3, 1878.  They  were  the  parents 
of  eleven  children,  eight  of  whom  are  living.  Cephas  Meek  was 
united  in  marriage  April  2,  1868,  with  Phoebe  J.  Conklin.  She  was 
born  in  Washington  County,  Penn.,  December  2,  1838,  a  daughter 
of  William  and  Catharine  (_Poss)  Conklin,  natives  ot  Washington  and 
Greene  counties  respectively.  They  were  married  in  Greene  and 
settled  in  Washington  County.  He  departed  this  life  June  25, 1880; 
his  widow  is  still  living.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Meek  are  the  parents  of 
one  child,  William  P.,  born  January  11,  1869.  Mr.  Meek  has  been 
eno:ao-ed  in  farmino^  all  his  life  and  owns  a  farm  of  145  acres.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  school  board  of  his  township  for  six  years, 
and  also  served  as  judge  and  inspector  of  elections.  Mrs.  Meek  is  a 
member  in  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church. 

ASxl  MITCHELL,  a  retired  farmer  of  Paiff 's  Creek,  Penn.,  was 
born  in  Washington  Township,  Greene  County,  October  6,  1811. 
He  is  a  son  of  Shadrach  and  Margaret  (RInehart)  Mitchell,  the  former 
a  native  of  Maryland  and  the  latter  of  Greene  County,  Penn.,  wdiere 
they  were  married  and  remained  until  their  death.  January  25, 
1835,  Asa  Mitchell  married  Miss  Rachel  Johns,  born  in  Washington 
Township,  December  1,  1815.  She  is  a  daughter  of  Jacob  and 
Elizabeth  (Smith)  Johns  who,  after  marriage,  settled  and  remained  in 
Greene  County  until  their  death.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Asa  Mitchell 
have  been  born  eight  children,  of  whom  four  are  living — Jacob  J., 
John,  Maria  and  Catharine,  who  is  the  wife  of  George  V.  Shirk;  and 
Shadrach,  Thomas,  Delilah  and  Mary  J.  (deceased).  Mr.  Mitchell 
was  raised  on  a  farm  and  has  been  engaged  in  farming  all  his  life. 
He  owns  227  acres  of  land  where  he  now  lives  with  his  family  and 


870  HISTORY    OF    GREEKE    COUNTY. 

he  is  one  of  the  most   substantial  and   highly  resjDected  citizens  of 
Washington  Township. 

M.  M.  McClelland,  retired  farmer,  Ruff's  Creek,  Penn.,  was 
born  on  the  farm  where  he  and  his  family  reside  in  Washington 
Township,  Greene  County,  December  22,  1824,  a  son  of  John  and 
Nancy  McClelland  {7iee  Montgomery).  His  father  was  a  native  of 
Pennsylvania  and  his  mother  of  Harford  County,  Md.  They  were 
married  in  Greene  County,  Penn.  Mr.  McClelland  departed  this 
life  in  1840,  and  his  widow  May  5,  1802.  The  subject  of  our  sketch 
was  united  in  marriage  February  27,  1848,  with  Elizabeth  Mettler, 
born  in  Columbia  County,  Penn.,  May  6,  1826,  a  daughter  of  Daniel 
and  Waty  Mettler,  {iiee  Baker).  They  were  natives  of  Pennsylvania, 
married  there,  and  in  1831  moved  to  Knox  County,  Ohio;  from  there 
they  moved  to  Williams  County,  in  1860,  and  in  1866  went  to  low^a, 
where  he  died  December  13,  1884.  His  widow  survives  him,  mak- 
ing: her  home  with  her  children.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  McClelland  liave  ten 
children,  of  whom  live  are  living — Sarah  F.,  wife  of  J.  D.  lams;  Cary, 
Elmira,  wife  of  Stephen  Cox;  Emma  J.  and  Ettie.  The  deceased  are 
Melvin  T.,  Waty  A.,  Marinda,  Mary  and  Lourinza.  She  was  mar- 
ried October  30,  1878,  to  Jacob  Johns,  and  died  September  7,  1879. 
Mr.  McClelland  was  raised  on  a  farm  and  has  been  engaged  in  farm- 
ing almost  all  his  life.  He  owns  345  acres  of  land,  constituting  one 
of  the  finest  farms  in  Washington  Township.  He  was  elected  to  the 
office  of  county  auditor  in  1856  and  served  the  term  of  three  years. 
In  1868  he  was  elected  county  commissioner,  and  served  three  years. 
He  is  now  serving  a  second  term  as  justice  of  the  peace  of  Washing- 
ton Township,  having  at  different  times  successfully  filled  almost  all 
the  township  offices.  He  has  also  been  a  member  of  the  Masonic 
order  for  twenty  years.  His  wife  is  a  faithful  member  of  the  Beth- 
lehem Baptist  Church. 

JOHN  PETTIT,  farmer,  Swart's  was  born  in  Washington 
Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  January  22,  1831,  a  son  of 
Isaac  and  Cynthia  Pettit  {iiee  Hathaway),  who  were  natives  of  Greene 
County  and  residents  there  until  their  death.  h\  1860  Mr.  Pettitt 
was  united  in  marriage  with  Pacliel  Pettit,  who  was  born  in  Morris 
Township  January  2,  1840,  a  daughter  of  Charlie  and  Keziah  Pettit, 
natives  of  Greene  County  and  residents  there  until  their  death.  To 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  I'ettit  have  been  born  seven  children — Eliza,  wife 
of  G.  H.  Loughman,  who  is  the  mother  of  two  children — Olie  M.  and 
Stanley  J;  Isaac,  Mary  A.,  wife  of  George  Fry;  Kizzie,  Charlie,  Frank 
and  Nora.  Mr.  Pettitt  was  raised  on  a  farm  and  has  been  engaged 
in  farming  all  his  life.  He  owns  325  acres  of  land,  all  in  Washington 
Township.    He  and  wife  are  consistent  members  of  the  Baptist  Church. 

JOSEPH    II.  PETTIT,    farmer,    Swart's,  Penn.,    was   born    in 
■Washington  Township,  Greene  County,  May  0,  1837,  a  son  of  Isaac 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  871 

and    Cynthia    Pettit    [riee  Ilatliaway),    who  were  natives  of  Greene 
County,  where  they  remained  until  their  death.     She  departed  this 
life  in  1873,  and  her  husband  in  1881,     December  13,  18G2,  Joseph 
II.  Pettit   was    united   in    marriage   with  Elizabeth  Hedge,  born   in 
Greene  County,  February  2,  1846.     She  is  a  daughter  of  Aaron  and 
Eva  Hedge  {riee  Fonner),  natives  of  the  same  county,  both  deceased. 
The  latter  departed  this   life   April,  1888.     Mr.  and  Mrs.  Pettit  are 
the  parents  of  eight  children,  six  of  whom  are  living — Laura,  Jessie, 
Cynthia,  Martha,  George  and   Bert;  and   Eva  and   Maiy,  deceased. 
Having  been  reared  on  a  farm,  Mr.  Pettit  has  made  farming  his  occu- 
pation through  life,  and  owns  148  acres  of  land  where  and  his  family 
live.     Mrs.  Pettit  is  one  of  the  faithful  members  of  the  Baptist  Church. 
JOHN  ROSS,  retired  farmer,  Dunn's  Station,  Penn. — The  subject 
of  this  biographical  sketch  is  one  of  the  pioneer  citizens  of  Washing- 
ton Township,  Greene  County,  born  on  his  present  farm,  November 
3,  1820.     He  was  the  oldest  child  of  Tliomas  Poss,  a  native  of  this 
county,  who  died  in  1832.     His  mother's  maiden  name  was  Hannah 
Denney,  a  native  of  Jeiferson  Township,  who  after  marriage  resided 
in  "Washington  Township  until  her  death  in  1847.     They  were  the 
parents  of  seven  children,  of  whom  three  are  living.     John  Ross  mar- 
ried Miss  Maria  Loughman,  October  7,  1847.     She  was  born  Sep- 
tember 20,  1825,  in  Morris  Township,  of  which  her  parents,  David 
and  Christina  (Fonner)  Loughman,  were  also  natives  and  residents 
therein    until    their   death.     Mr.  and  Mrs.    John    Ross   have  eiirht 
children — Hannah  B.,  wife  of  John  Kendall;  David,  Mary  J.,  Lydia, 
wife  of  John  W.  Kelley;  Timothy,  Christina  A.,  Maria  I.  and  Will- 
iam, (deceased).  •  Mr.  Ross  was  born  and  raised  on  the  farm  on  which 
he  now  resides,  and  like  his  ancestors,  has  made  farming  and  stock- 
raising  his  business  through  life.     His  home  farm   consists  of  237 
acres  of  excellent  land.     He  has  most  acceptably  tilled  the  offices  of 
auditor  and  assessor  of  his  township,  and   served  as   member  of  the 
school  board  for  fourteen  years.     He  and  his   wife  are  among  the 
most  prominent  members  of  the  Baptist  Church. 

THOMAS  ROSS,  farmer  and  stock-dealer,  P.  O.  Ruff's  Creek, 
was  born  in  Washington  County,  Penn.,  October  8,  1833.  He  is  the 
son  of  Benjamin  and  Hannah  Ross  {nee  Johns,)  both  natives  of 
Washington  Township,  Greene  County,  where  they  were  married 
and  where  they  returned  after  a  few  years  spent  in  Washington  County, 
aud  remained  until  their  death,  which  occurred  in  the  house  where 
the  subject  of  this  sketch  and  his  family  noM^  reside — his  father  hav- 
ing departed  this  life  in  1863,  and  his  mother  in  1868.  Six  of  their 
twelve  children  still  survive  them.  Thomas  Ross  was  united  in 
marriage  May  11,  1870,  w4th  Helen  M.  Lindley,  born  in  Washington 
County,  January  10,  1844,  a  daughter  of  Zebulon  and  Julia  Lindley 
{iiee  Parkinson),  natives  of  the   same  county,  and   residents   tliereiu'* 


872  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

during  their  whole  life,  with  the  exception  of  a  short  time  spent  in 
Ohio  immediately  subsequent  to  their  marriage.  They  were  the 
parents  of  tliree  children,  all  now  living.  Mrs.  Lindley  died  in  1873 
and  her  husband  in  1887.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ross  have  been  born 
two  daughters — Estella  J.,  born  May  26,  1872;  and  Clara  II.,  born 
February,  23,  1871,  died  September  29,  1878.  Mr.  Eoss  was  reared 
on  a  farm.  In  1859,  at  the  age  of  twenty-six,  he  M'ent  to  California 
and  engaged  in  the  mining  business.  Returning  to  his  native  county 
in  1863,  after  an  absence  of  four  years,  he  has  since  devoted  himself 
to  stock-dealing  and  the  care  of  his  farm  of  290  acres  in  Washington 
Township.  He  and  his  family  are  members  of  the  Baptist  Church, 
and  for  the  consistency  of  their  Christian  character  are  highly  re- 
spected throughout  the  community. 

BENJAMIN  SHIRK,  retired  farmer,  Ruff's  Creek,  Renn.,  born 
in  Lancaster  County,  Renn.,  July  23,  1815,  is  a  son  of  Michael  and 
Barbara  (Alobough)  Shirk,  also  natives  of  Lancaster  County.  They 
were  married  and  lived  there  until  about  1830,  when  they  moved  to 
Coshocton  County,  Ohio,  and  remained  until  Mrs.  Shirk's  death. 
Mr.  Shirk  again  married  and  moved  to  Illinois,  where  he  died.  On 
September  5,  1839,  Benjamin  Shirk  first  married  Margaret  Martin, 
born  in  Washington  Township,  Greene  County,  June  13,  1818,  a 
daughter  of  Amos  and  Ruth  Martin,  both  deceased.  To  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Shirk  were  born  seven  children,  five  of  whom  are  living — Michael 
M.,  Daniel,  George  V.,  Joel  and  Amos;  and  John  and  Benjamin  F., 
deceased.  Mrs.  Shirk  died  February  20,  1859.  In  1860  Mr.  Shirk 
married  Elizabeth  (Turner)  Ullom.  She  was  born  in  Greene  County, 
February  6,  1827,  a  daughter  of  Za  and  Elizabeth  Turner,  who  de- 
parted this  life  in  Greene  County.  By  his  last  marriage  Mr.  Shirk 
is  the  father  of  three  children — Charles,  Maggie  and  Benjamin  F. 
Mr.  Shirk  has  been  a  tiller  of  the  soil  all  his  life,  and  -at  one  time 
owned  700  acres  of  land.  He  has  given  this  all  to  his  children,  ex- 
cept the  farm  of  325  acres  where  he  and  his  family  reside.  He  and 
his  wife  are  consistent  members  of  the  Baptist  Church,  of  which  his 
deceased  wife  was  also  a  member.  Mr.  Shirk  has  been  a  member  of 
the  school  board,  and  judge  of  the  election  at  different  times.  He  is 
one  of  Greene  Connty's  oldest  and  best  known  citizens,  having  lived 
in  Washington  Township  for  fifty  years. 

J.  H.  SMITH,  farmer,  P.  O.  Sycamore,  was  born  in  Washington 
Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  January  17,  1841.  His  parents, 
Jacob  and  Nancy  Smith  {7iee  ETill),  were  natives  of  Greene  County, 
where  they  have  always  resided.  His  death  occurred  in  1887,  and  her 
death  May  2,  1888.  Mr.  J.  H.  Smith  was  united  in  marriage  June 
6,  1861,  with  Martha  Armstrong,  who  w^as  born  in  Washington 
County,  Pennsylvania,  September  24,  1842.  Mrs.  Smith  is  a  daugh- 
ter ot  James  and  Elizabeth   Armstrong  ( 7i6e  Richie),  the    former  a 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  873 

native  of  New  York,  the  latter  of  Ohio,  who  after  marriage  settled 
in  Washington  County,  Pennsylvania,  and  from  there  jnoved  to  Mar- 
shall County,  West  Virginia  where  she  died  in  1853.  After  her 
death  he  married  again  and  moved  to  Richhill  Township,  this  county, 
and  died  in  1881.  The  widow  is  still  livintj.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Smith  have  been  born  five  children:  Anna,  wife  of  G.  M.  Fordyce; 
Mary  L.,  Maria  B.,  Ida  M.  and  Jacob  H.  Mr.  Smitli  has  been  en- 
gaged in  farming  through  his  life,  and  owns  112  acres  of  land  where 
he  and  family  reside.  lie  and  wife  are  consistent  members  of  the 
Baptist  Church. 

JOHN  WALKER,  farmer.  Ruff's  Creek  Penn.,  was  born  in 
Center  Township,  Greene  County,  January  6,  1818.  His  parents 
were  Joseph  and  Rebecca  (Iligin Gotham)  AYalker,  the  former  a  na- 
tive of  New  Jersey,  and  the  latter  of  Fayette  County,  Pennsylvania. 
They  were  married  in  Greene  County  where  they  remained  for  sev- 
eral years,  when  they  moved  first  to  St.  Clairsville,  Ohio,  then  to 
Mounds ville,  West  Virginia.  From  that  point  Mr.  Walker  com- 
menced running  on  the  Ohio  River.  About  this  time  he  disappeared 
very  mysteriously,  and  his  tamily  never  knew  Avhat  became  of  him. 
His  widow,  with  her  family,  moved  to  Centre  Township,  Greene 
County,  and  married  George  Williams.  They  lived  first  in  Wasli- 
ington,  County  Penn.,  then  moved  to  Wellsburgh,  AVest  Virginia. 
Mr.  Williams  died  in  Ohio  County,  West  Virginia.  His  widow  then 
moved  to  Washington  County,  Penn.,  then  to  Greene  County 
where  she  was  first  married,  and  made  her  home  with  her  son  until 
her  death.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  united  in  marriage, 
November  7,  1839,  with  Rachael  Supler.  She  was  born  in  Richhill 
Township,  Greene  County,  September  12,  1820,  a  daughter  of  John 
and  Mary  (Sargent)  Supler,  natives  of  Pennsylvania.  They  were 
married  and  settled  in  Richhill  Township,  where  they  remained 
until  their  death.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Walker  have  been  born  twelve 
children:  -John  L.,  Minerva,  George  S.,  William  W.,  David  L., 
Rebecca,  Nancy,  Jackson  V.,  and  Fannie  M.,  living;  and  Joseph 
L.,  Samuel  II.  and  Mary  M.  deceased.  Mr.  Walker  is  a  farmer 
and  owns  about  367  acres  of  land  where  he  and  family  reside  in 
Washington  Township,  Greene  County  Pennsylvania. 


874  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 


.\,f^  WAYNE  TOWNSHIP. 

O^  GEORGE  W.  BELL,  P.  O.  Hoover's    Run,  one  of  the  oldest 

residents  of  Greene  County,  Penn,  was  born  in  Virginia,  September 
30,  1809.     His  parents  were  Jason  and  Sarah    (Noll )  Bell,   natives 
of  Virginia,  where  they  niarrre^-arrd  settled,  afLcrwi[Fds~reinoving  to 
AVashington  County,  Penn.,  then  to  Greene  County,  where  his  father 
died  in  1873  and  his  mother  in  1840.  George  W.  was  the  seventh  of 
their  nine  children,  and  was  joined  in  the  holy  bonds  of  wedlock, 
February,  8,  1844,  with  Clementine,  daughter  of  William  and  Sarah 
Tygart  (tiee  Eagon).     Mr.  Tygart  was  a  native  of  Virginia,   and  his 
wife  of  Greene  County,  Penn.,  where  they  spent  their  married  life 
He  departed  this  life  in  Guernsey  County,   Ohio,  in  the   year  1846, 
and  his  wife  in  April,  1857.     Mr.  Bell  and  wife  are  the  parents  of 
nine  children:    Sarah  J.,  Felix,  Julia  A.,   wife  of   David  Stoneking; 
Maria,    wife  of    J.   Harvey   Stewart;    Mary,  wife  of   Eli    Pethtell; 
Josephine,  wife  of  William  Cole;   Susan  R;  William  H.  and   Eliza 
abeth  M.   deceased.     Mr.   Bell   has   always  lived  on  a  farm,  and  his 
life  has  been  characterized  by  great  industry  and  economy,  as  a  result 
of  which  he  owns  a  fine  farm  of   500  acres  in   Greene  County,  also 
100    in  West    Virginia,    and   7,000    at    interest.     He    has    served 
as  justice   of  the    peace  for  ten  years;    has  been  a  member  of    the 
school  board,    and  was  at  one  time  assessor  of  Jackson   Township. 
HON.  MATTHIAS  BRANT,  Spragg's,  Penn.,  is  one  the  most 
successful  farmers  and  stock-raisers  of  Greene  County,  and  owns  300 
acres    of  land.     He    was  born  in  Wayne  Township,  December  29, 
1828,   a  son  of  Christopher  and  Susan   Brant  (iiee  Meighen).     His 
father  was  a  native  of  Maryland,  and  his  mother  of   Greene  County, 
Pennsylvania,  where  they  were  married  and  lived  until  1863,  when 
Mrs.  Brant  died.   Mr..  Brant  then  moved  to  Fillmore  County,  Minne- 
sota, where  he  died  in  November,  1857.     They  were  the  parents  of 
thirteen  children,  of  whom  Matthias  was  the  oldest,  and  was  united 
in  marriage,  June  28,  1868,  with  Mary  Shaw,  who  was  a  native  of 
Greene  County,  where  she  remained  through  life.     By  this  marriage 
Mr.  Brant  is  the  father  of  six  children,  of  whom  tour  are  living — 
Susan  M.,  Gertrude  M.,    William  11.   and   Fanny;  Emma  being  de- 
ceased.    Mrs.  Brant  departed  this  life,  in  August,  1880.     Mr.  Brant 
married  for  his  second   wife,  October  25,  1883,  Elizabeth,  daughter 
of  John  and  Mary  (Varlow)  Fitzgerald,  natives  of  County  Carey, 
Ireland,  where    they   were  married.     They  soon  after  emigrated  to 
America,  settling  in  West  Virginia  where  they  now    reside.     Mr. 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  875 

Brant  taught  school  for  sixteen  years,  beginning  when  sixteen  years 
of  age.  He  was  elected  member  of  the  State  Legislature  in  1878 
and  re-elected  in  1880.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  school  board 
for  about  thirteen  years.  In  politics  he  is  a  Democi-at.  He  and 
his  wife  are  honored  members  of  the  Catholic  Church  at  Waynes- 
burg. 

KENDALL  J.  BRANT,  Spragg's  Penn.,  was  born  in  Gilmore 
Township,  September  23,  1839,  a  son  of  Christopher  and  Susannah 
Brant  {nee  Meighen).  The  father  was  a  native  of  Maryland,  and 
the  mother  of  Greene  County,  Penn.,  where  they  were  married  and 
resided  until  Mrs.  Brant's  death,  which  occurred  in  May,  1863.  Her 
husband  died  in  November,  1857,  in  Fillmore  County,  Minnesota. 
Tliey  were  the  parents  of  thirteen  children,  of  whom  Kendall  J.  was 
the  twelfth.  He  was  twice  married,  his  first  wife  being  Minerva, 
daughter  of  John  and  Margaret  (Hamilton)  Spragg,  who  are  natives 
and  residents  of  this  county.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Brant  were  married 
December  16,  1860,  and  were  the  parents  of  two  children — Mar- 
garet C,  wife  of  William  E.  Spragg,  and  Matthias  L.  Mrs.  Brant 
departed  this  life  February  15,  1865.  Mr.  Brant  was  afterwards 
united  in  marriage,  December  17,  1871,  with  Maria,  daughter  of 
James  and  Eliza  (Rush)  Stewart,  natives  of  Greene  County,  living 
in  Franklin  Township.  By  this  marriage  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Brant  have 
seven  children — Susannah  G.,  Lida  A.,  Priscilla,  Lydia,  Minerva, 
James  D.  and  William  E.  Mr.  Brant  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  is 
now  one  of  the  most  successful  farmers  in  this  township.  He  has 
also  been  much  interested  in  the  raising  of  fine,  stock  in  which  he 
has  dealt  quite  extensively.     His    farm  consists  of  about  200  acres. 

RICHARD  T.  CALYERT,  Blacksville,  West  Virginia,  was  born 
in  Wayne  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  April  16,  1836.  He  is 
a  son  of  John  and  Eleanor  Calvert"(?itfe  Thralls).  His  father  was 
born  in  Mapletown.  After  marriage  they  lived  in  this  county  until 
his  mother's  death  which  occurred  in  1857.  His  father  then  mar- 
ried Margaret,  daughter  of  James  Marshall.  She  died  February  9, 
1888;  her  husband  is  still  living.  Richard  Calvert's  wife  was  Sarah 
J.  Conklin,  born  in  this  county'December  1, 1832.  They  were  mar- 
ried October  19, 1859.  Mrs.  Calvert's  parents  were  Josiah  and  Cas- 
sandra (Brown)  Conklin,  deceased.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Calvert  have  five 
children,  three  living — Cassie  A.,  Thomas  and  John;  Martha  E.  and 
an  infant  being  deceased.  Mr.  Calvert  is  a  farmer,  and  by  industry 
and  good  management  has  made  a  good  home  for  himself  and  fam- 
ily where  he  now  lives,  on  a  228  acre  farm  in  Wayne  Township. 

JOHN  F.  COEN,  merchant  and  postmaster,  Dent,  Penn.,  born 
in  Wayne  Township,  Greene  County,  March  8,  1844,  was  the  only 
son  of  Francis  and  Barbara  (Cumberledge)  Coen,  natives  of  Penn- 
sylvania, who  were  married   in  Greene   County    and  resided  there 


876  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

until  Mr.  Coen's  death  in  December,  1843.  His  widow  was  after- 
wards married  to  Isaac  Stiles  and  now  lives  in  West  Virginia.    John 

F.  Coen's  wife  was  Miss  Mary  Kent,  born  in  Greene  County,  Feb- 
ruary 18,  1841,  and  married  May  1,  1866.  She  is  a  daughter  of 
"William  and  Elizabeth  (Odenbaugh)  Kent.  Her  mother  is  deceased. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Coen  have  no  family  of  their  own  but  have  adopted 
two  sons,  William  H.  and  Benjamin  T.  Mr.  Coen  was  raised  on  the 
farm  which  he  now  owns  consisting  of  ninety  acres.  AVhen  eighteen 
years  of  age  he  went  into  the  army,  enlisting  in  Company  A,  One- 
hundred  and  Fortieth  Pennsylvania  Yolunteers,  and  remained  three 
years,  during  which  time  he  was  in  a  number  of  hotly  contested 
battles.  He  has  tilled  the  offices  of  assessor  and  auditor  of  his  town- 
ship; has  been  engaged  in  merchandising  since  1880.  lie  and  wife 
are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

EPHKAIM  COLE,  farmer,  Hoover's  Run,  Penn.,  was  born  June 
11,  1842.  His  parents,  Jeremiah  and  Delilah  (Filson)  Cole,  were 
natives  of  Maryland,  they  were  married  in  Greene  County,  Pennsyl- 
vania, where  he  died  March  14,  1870,  and  she  February  6,  1871. 
Jeremiah's  first  wife  was  Christener  Crotinger,  a  native  of  Maryland, 
but  died  in  Greene  County,  Penn.  Ephraim  was  the  youngest  of 
eight  children,  and  was  united  in  marriage  July  12,  1862,  with  Mis- 
souri, daughter  of  Adam  and  Sabia  Geho  (nee  Garrison).  Mr.  Geho 
was  a  native  of  Ohio  and  his  wife  of  Maryland.  They  were  married 
in  Washington  County,  Penn.,  then  moved  to  Greene  County  in  1889, 
where  they  resided  until  Mr.  Geho's  death.  May,  1871.  Mrs.  Geho 
is  still  living.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cole  have  seven  children — Benjamin 
T.,  Simon  T.,  James  C,  Albert  M.,  Everett  P.,  Mary  E.  and  William 

G.  Mr.  Cole's  farm  contains  105  acres.  He  has  served  as  school 
director  two  terms.  He  and  wife  are  member  of  the  Patrons  of 
Husbandry  Lodge  at  Knglmtown;  and  the  Mdiole  family  except  the 
two  youngest  children  are  consistent  members  of  the  Bethel  Baptist 
Church. 

JAMES  L.  COLE,  farmer,  HooVer's  Pun,  Penn.,  was  born  March 
30,  1840.  He  is  a  son  of  Jeremiah  and  Delilah  (Filson)  Cole,  who 
were  natives  of  Maryland.  Subsequently  they  removed  to  Greene 
Couuty,  Pennsylvania,  where  Mr.  Cole,  Sr.,  departed  this  life  March 
14,  1870  and  his  wife  February  6,  1871.  They  were  the  parents  of 
eight  children,  James  L.  was  the  seventh  and  was  united  in  marriage 
November  26,  1865,  with  Maria,  daughter  of  Adam  and  Sabia  (Gar- 
rison) Geho.  Mr.  Geho  was  a  native  of  Ohio;  they  were  married  in 
Washington  County,  Pennsylvania,  settling  in  Greene  County  in 
1839.  The  former  departed  this  life  May,  1871;  his  widow  is  still 
living.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cole  have  three  children— Sarah  C.  and  Eliza- 
beth J.,  both  born  May  26,  1867,  and  Edward  L.,  born  November 
13,   1870.       Mr,  Cole  devotes  all  his  time  to  stock-raising  and  the 


niSTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  877 

care  of  his  farm  containing  102  acres.  He  lias  served  as  inspector 
of  elections  of  Wayne  Township;  he  and  his  wife  are  merahers  of 
the  Patrons  of  Husbandry  Lodg-e  at  Kughntown. 

HENPtY  COLE,  deceased,  was  one  of  the  most  prosperous, 
farmers  of  Greene  County,  owning  at  the  time  of  his  death  a  fine 
farm  of  858  acres.  He  was  born  April  25,  1819  and  died  March  15, 
1882.  His  parents  were  John  and  Mary  Cole  {nee  Crotinger),  who 
were  natives  of  Maryland,  came  to  Greene  County,  Penn.,  early  in 
life,  where  they  made   their   home   until  Mr.   Cole's   death   in   May, 

1862.  His  wife  died  in  November,  1868.  Henry  was  the  second 
ot  their  nine  children  and  April  2,  1840,  married  Elizabeth,  daughter 
of  George  and  Ellen  King  (7iee  Stewart).  Mrs.  Cole's  parents  were 
native  of  Pennsylvania  and  residents  in  this  county  until  their  death. 
Her  mother  departed   this  life  January  24,   1843,  and  her  father  in 

1863.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cole  were  the  parents  of  nine  children— Mary 
A.,  Avife  of  Hiram  White;  Sarah,  wife  of  William  D.  Phillips;  George 
W.,  Frances  E.,  wifeof  Abram  Tustin;  John  L.,~  James  H.,  Josephus; 
and  Jacob  and  Peter,  (deceased).  Mrs.  Cole  is  still  living  and  resides 
on  the  old  homestead  in  Wayne  Township. 

HENRY  CONKLIN,  Brock,  Penn.,  born  in  Greene  County, 
November  17,  1834,  is  a  son  of  Josiah  and  Cassandra  Conklin  {nee 
Prown),  wlio  were  also  natives  of  this  county,  where  they  were  mar- 
ried and  remained  through  life.  His  father  died  in  September,  1856, 
and  his  mother  August"l3,  1884.  Of  their  ten  children,  eight  are 
now  living.  Henry  is  the  third  child  and  was  united  in  marriage 
November  22,  1857,  with  Eleanor  Hoy,  born  in  this  county  January 
16,  1839.  She  is  a  daughter  of  James  and  Isabella  (Kuhn)  Hoy, 
also  natives  of  Greene  County.  Mr.  Hoy  died  November  8,  1878; 
his  widow  is  still  living.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Conklin  are  the  parents  of 
eleven  children — James  H.,  Sarah  E.,  wife  of  Richard  Stewart;  San- 
ford  M.,  Israel,  Ruie,  AYilliam  A.,  Lissie  J.,  Clara  B.,  Emma  L., 
Lewis  IL;  and  John  S.,  (deceased).  Mr.  Conklin  is  one  of  the  most 
substantial  farmers  and  stock-dealers  of  Wayne  Township,  and  owns 
400  acres  of  land.  He  has  served  as  school  director  in  his  township. 
He  and  wife  belong  to  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

A.  J.  CUMBERLEDGE,  P.  O.  Dent,  was  born  in  Monongalia 
County,  W.  Ya.,  August  24,  1838.  His  parents  were  George  and 
Elizabeth  (Lantz)  Cumberledge,  the  one  a^iative  of  Maryland  and  the  ^ 
other  of  Greene  County,  Penn.,  where  they  were  married,  then/- 
moved  to  Monongalia  County,  W.  Va.,  and  remained  until  their 
death.  His  father  died  November  17, 1881,  and' his  mother  October 
23,  1884.  They  were  the  parents  of  sixteen  children,  nine  living, 
and  were  united  in  marriage  August  14,  1818,  by  James  Dye,  Esq. 
A.  J.  Cumberledge  was  united  in  marriage  August  14,  1856,  with 
Martha  J;    Grim,  born    in  Greene  County,  September  30,  1841,  a 


878  HISTORY    OF    GUEENE    COUNTY. 

daughter  of  Christian  and  Dorcas  E.  Grim  (jiee  Carpenter),  both 
deceased;  the  latter  died  May  28,  1888.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Curaberledge 
have  six  children — Harriet,  wife  of  William  L.  Ilarker;  George, 
Samuel  L.,  Dorcas  E,,  Martie;  and  Emma  (deceased).  Mr.  Cumber- 
ledge  is  a  shoe-maker  by  trade,  but  has  engaged  in  farming  all  his 
life.  His  present  farm  comprises  140  acres.  He  enlisted  in  the 
service  of  his  country  in  Company  N,  Sixth  Yirginia  Yolunteers, 
remaining  in  the  war  three  years  and  two  months.  He  belongs  to 
the  Masonic  order,  and  his  wife  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Epis- 
copal Clinrch. 

JOHN  FREELAND,  Pine  Bank,  Penn.,  was  born  in  Monon- 
gahela  Township,  Greene  County,  May  15,  1814.  His  parents  were 
George  and  Nancy  (Fitch)  Freeland,  also  natives  of  this  county, 
where  they  were  inarried  and  remained  until  Mrs.  Freehand's  death, 
December  23,  1863.  Her  husband  died  May  16,  1873.  Of  their 
four  children,  two  are  living — Sarah,  and  John,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  who  was  united  in  marriage  September  20,  1840,  with 
Minerva  Cleavenger,  born  in  Greene  County  in  1823.  She  is  a 
daughter  of  Edward  and  Mary  (Kline)  Cleavenger  (deceased).  To 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  JoJ^n  Freeland  were  born  nine  children,  six  now  living, 
viz. — George,  who  married  Eliza  E.  Jolley;  Cyrus  F.,  who  married 
Nancy  E.  Owen;  Mary  A.,  wife  of  W.  J.  Bell;  David  L.,  who  mar- 
ried Sarah  J.  Kiger;  Elizabeth  J.,  wife  of  W.  Lowther;  and  Martha 
A.  The  deceased  are  Edward  A.,  Charles  A.  and  William  L.  Mrs. 
Freeland  died  January  26,  1877,  a  faithful  member  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church.  Mr.  Freeland  afterwards.  May  16,  1879,  married 
Agnes  Wright,  born  in  Greene  County,  Fe])ruary  28,  1838.  Her 
parents  were  John  F.  and  Agnes  (Vance)  Wright,  also  natives  of 
this  county  and  residents  therein  until  their  death.  Her  mother 
died  in  1874  and  her  father  in  1880.  Mr.  Freeland  was  raised  in 
Mapletow]!.  He  began  teaching  school  when  twenty-one  years  of 
age,  and  taught  until  1876.  He  has  since  given  all  his  time  to  the 
management  of  his  farm,  which  consists  of  122  acres.  Mr.  Freeland 
h  a  meml)er  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  and  his  wife  of  the  Baptist 
Church. 

SAM.  H.  HEADLEY,  merchant  at  Pine  Bank  is  a  des- 
cendant of  the  Headleys,  who  emigrated  from  the  north  of  England 
in  1689  and  settled  in  East  Jersey.  Francis  Headley,  his  great- 
grandfather, was  born  in  1731,  and  who  remained  in  Essex  County, 
N.  J.,  until  after  the  close  of  the  war  of  the  Pevolution,  and  in  1790 
traded  his  farm  in  New  Jersey  for  1,400  acres  in  Randolph  County, 
Va.  (now  West  Yirginia).  He  had  one  brotlier,  Joseph  Headley, 
who  settled  on  North  Ten  Mile,  Washington  County,  Penn.  Francis 
Headley  died  in  Randolph  County,  Ya.,  in  1805.  He  had  several 
children.     Samuel  Headley.  his   grandfather,  was  born   in   the  year 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  879 

1765,  and  was  married  to  Abigail  Trace  in  the  year  1788;  he  and 
his  wife  moved  from  Essex  Countj,  N.  J.,  in  1790  with  his  father, 
Francis.  Samuel  Headley  (his  grandfather),  had  a  family  of  eight 
children.  An  older  claim  or  title  was  established  for  the  land  in 
Randolph  County,  Va.,  so  all  was  lost  and  the  family  moved  to 
other  parts.  Samuel  Headley  moved  to  Jefferson  Township,  Greene 
County,  where  John  Headley,  his  father,  was  born  in  the  year  1809. 
He  learned  the  blacksmith  trade  with  John  Young  during  the  years 
1828  and  1829,  and  in  1833  commenced  business  in  Washin<rton 
Township.  He  was  married  to  Eliza  Hoffman  during  that  year,  and 
in  1813  moved  to  Tom's  Run  in  Gilmore  Township,  where  he  is  now 
living.  His  first  wife  died  in  1875,  and  in  the  same  year  he  was 
married  to  the  widow  Silveous,  who  died  in  1888.  He  had  a  family 
of  eight  children  by  his  first  wife,  Sam.  H.  Headley  being  the  third 
child.  He  was  born  in  Washington  Townsliip  in  1838.  In  1856 
he  left  home  to  attend  school,  working  nights  and  mornings  for  his 
l)oard,  and  for  several  years  he  taught  school  during  the  winter  and 
attended  school  during  the  summer.  In  1868  he  commenced  the 
mercantile  business  with  T.  J.  Hoffman  as  a  partner,  and  in  1872 
set  up  for  himself  at  Fine  J>ank.  He  was  married  Jo  C.  J.  Fletclier, 
of  Blacksville,  W.  Va.,  in  the  year  1870.  They  have  one  child — 
Robert  B.  Headley,  who  was  born  in  1871.  Sam.  H.  Efeadley  and 
son  religiously  are  Friends. 

A\^ILLIAM  H.  JOHNSON,  farmer,  F.  O.  Blacksville,  W.  Va.,\ 
was  born  in  Wayne  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  November  4,  ) 
1840,  a  son  of  William  and  Nancy  Johnson  {nee  Lantz),  Mrs. 
Johnson  w^as  born  in  Monongalia  County,  W.  Va.,  and  her  husband 
was  a  native  of  Greene  County,  Fenn.,  where  they  lived  until  his 
death,  November  16,  1857.  Mrs.  Johnson  was  afterwards  united  in 
marriage  with  Henry  Stephens,  who  died  June  8,  1877;  the  widow 
is  still  living.  William  H.  Johnson's  wife  was  Sarah  A.  McDougal, 
born  in  Wayne  Township,  October  24,  1843,  and  married  January 
30,  1862.  She  is  a  daughter  of  Alexander  and  Sallie  (Franks)  Mc 
Dougal,  the  former  deceased.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Johnson  have  three 
children,  viz. — Nancy  A.,  wife  of  John  McFhillips;  Minerva  J., 
wife  of  Josephus  Thomas;  and  John  W.  Mr.  Johnson  is  one  of  the 
enterprising  farmers  of  Wayne  Townhip,  where  he  owns  115  acres 
of  land.  He  filled  the  office  of  justice  of  the  peace  in  his  township 
two  terms,  has  served  as  school  director  six  terms,  and  held  the  posi- 
tion of  assessor  and  inspector  of  elections.  He  and  his  wife  are 
members  of  the  Southern  Methodist  Church. 

J.  S.  KENT,  farmer,  Dent,  Penn.,  was  born  in  Centre  Townsliip, 
Greene  County,  January  31,  1835.  His  parents,  William  and  Eliza- 
beth (Odenbaugh)  Kent,  were  natives  of  this  county  and  residents 
therein  until  Mrs.  Kent's  death.  May  4,  18G8.     Her  husband  after- 


g§0  History  of  greene  county. 

wards  married  Jane  White,  widow  of  Rev.  Michael  White,  of  West 
Yiro-inia;  tliey  live  in  Wayne  Township.  William  Kent  is  the 
father  of  eleven  children,  seven  boys  and  four  girls,  of  whom  nine 
are  living.  In  1858  J.  S.  Kent  was  united  in  marriage  with  Ilebecca 
Morris,  born  in  West  Virginia  in  1837,  a  daughter  of  James  and 
Sarah  Morris,  the  former  deceased.  By  this  marriage  Mr.  Kent  is 
the  father  of  one  child — William  J.  Mrs.  Kent  departed  this  life 
September  25,  1860.  Mr.  Kent  was  a  second  time  united  in  mar- 
riao-e,  August  20,  1861,  with  Catharine  Eddy,  born  in  Wayne  Town- 
ship, January  5,  1830,  a  daughter  of  John  and  Sophia  Eddy  {iiee 
Steel).  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kent  have  a  family  of  three  boys  and  three 
girls,  five  living — Elizabeth,  wife  of  Jesse  Coen;  Minerva,  wife  of 
Thomas  Hoy;  Jolin  R.,  Hiram  W.  and  Michael  I.;  and  Nancy  J. 
(deceased).  Mr.  Kent  is  one  of  the  most  enterprising  citizens  of 
Wayne  Township,  and  owns  237  acres  of  land  where  he  now  lives 
with  his  family.  His  wife  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church. 

JAMES  KNIGHT,  Oak  Forest,  Penn.,  one  of  the  enterprising 
young  farmers  of  Wayne  Township,  was  born  January  27,  1848,  and 
is  a  son  of  David  and  Mary  Knight  {iiee  Fry),  who  are  natives  of 
Greene  County,  Penn.,  where  they  were  married  and  now  reside  in 
Centre  Township.  They  are  the  parents  of  nine  children,  seven  of 
whom  are  living.  James  Knight's  wife  was  Elizabeth  S.,  daughter 
of  Jacob  and  Frances  (Tustin)  Cole,  natives  of  Greene  County  and 
now  residents  of  Waynesburg.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Knight  were  married 
August  29,  1868.  Their  children  are — John  H.,  Frances  A.,  Will- 
iam M.  and  Mary  C.  As  noticed  in  tlie  beginning  of  this  sketch, 
Mr.  Knight  is  a  farmer  by  occupation,  and  has  also  given  much  at- 
tention to  the  raising  of  fine  stock.     His  farm  contains  156  acres. 

WILLIAM  LANTZ,  Dent,  Penn.,  was  born  April  27,  1835,  on 
the  farm  where  he  and  family  reside  in  Wayne  Township.  His  par- 
ents, Jacob  and  Delilah  (Coen)  Lantz,  were  natives  of  Greene  County 
and  residents  therein  through  life.  His  father  died  in  1858  and  his 
mother  in  1866.  They  were  the  parents  of  five  children,  three  liv- 
ing. William  is  the  youngest,  and  was  united  in  marriage  May  22, 
1856,  with  Minerva,  daughter  of  William  and  Elizabeth  (Oden- 
baugh)  Kent,  the  latter  deceased.  Mrs.  Lantz  was  born  in  this 
county  November  24,  1837,  and  is  a  consistent  member  of  the  Me- 
thodist Episcopal  Church.  Mr.  William  Lantz  and  wife  are  the 
parents  of  seven  children — Mary,  wife  of  William  Wiley;  William, 
who^married  Belle  Phillips;  Ulysses  and  Emma;  Harriet,  Delilah,  and 
an  infant  (deceased).  Mr.  Lantz  has  been  eminently  successful  as  a 
farmer  and  stock-dealer,  and  owns  480  acres  of  good  land  in  Greene 
County. 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE   COUNTY.  88l 

GEORGE  W.  MOORE,  Spragg's,  Penn.,  was  born  in  Wliiteley 
Township,  O^reene  County,  January  3,  1834.  Ilis  parents,  James 
and  Matilda  (Franks)  Moore,  were  also  natives  of  this  county,  where 
after  marriage  they  settled  and  remained  all  their  lives.  After  Ma- 
tilda's death,  Mr.  Moore  married  Elizabeth  (Brown)  Provence,  who 
is  still  living.  Mr.  Moore  is  deceased.  He  was  the  father  of  eleven 
children,  six  ^living.  George  W.  is  the  third  child,  and  was  united 
in  marriage,  July  26,  1859,  with  Loujsa  R.  P^iillips,  born  in  Cum- 
berland Towiiship,  September  26,  1810,  a  daughter  of  Job  and  Mar- 
garet (Simir'igton)  Phillips,  natives  of  Greene  County,  where  they 
remained  ijiutil  Mrs.  Phillips'  death,  after  which  he  married  Mary 
Mason.  T(o  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Moore  have  been  born  seven  children — 
James  E.,  Thomas  L.,  Job,  Peter  C,  Elizabeth  L.,  Lafy  E.  and  Ma- 
tilda M.  /  Mr.  Moore's  occupation  is  that  of  farming  and  stock- 
dealing,  ?/nd  he  owns  275  acres  of  land  in  AVayne  Township.  He 
and  witie  are  among  the  most  prominent  members  of  the  Methodist 
Episc-opal  Church. 

HON.  JESSE  PHILLIPS,  Spragg's,  Penn.,  born  in  Whiteley 
"lownship,  February  10,  1824,  is  a  son  of  Richard  and  Abigail 
(^Starkey)  Phillips.  His  parents  were  natives  of  Greene  County, 
where  they  spent  their  whole  life.  His  father  died  in  the  year  1877, 
and  his  mother  in  1879.  They  were  the  parents  of  eleven  children, 
of  whom  our  subject  is  the  second,  and  was  united  in  marriage,  I)e- 
cember  22,  1815,  with  Mary,  daughter  of  David  and  IMancy  (Gorden) 
Spragg.  They  were  also  natives  of  this  county,  where  they  remained 
till  Mr.  Spragg's  death  in  1877.  His  wife  died  in  '1886.  By  this 
marriage  Mr.  Phillips  is  the  father  of  twelve  children — William  D., 
Richard,  Caleb,  Levi,  Adam  F.,  Thomas  E.,  Jesse  L.,  Deborah  F., 
James  L.,  John  W. ;  and  Otho  and  Nancy  E.  (deceased).  Their 
mother  departed  this  life  in  1871.  She  was  a  faithful  member  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  Mr.  Phillips'  second  wife  was  De- 
borah, daughter  of  David  and  Nancy  (Gorden)  Spragg,  now  deceased. 
J]y  this  marriage  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Phillips  have  three  children — George 
Daniel,  and  Clemmie  (deceased).  Although  raised  on  a  farm  and 
devoting  inuch  of  his  time  to  agricultural  interests  and  stock-raising, 
Mr.  Phillips  has  also  been  actively  engaged  in  political  affairs.  lie 
is  a  Democrat,  and  in  1881  was  elected  associate  judge,  having  polled 
nearly  as  many  votes  as  his  three  competitors.  In  April,  1888,  he 
sat  on  the  jury  which  found  George  Clark  guilty  of  murder  in  the 
first  degree,  for  the  killing  of  William  McCausland.  This  was  the 
first  verdict  of  murder  in  the  first  degree  ever  found  by  a  jury  in 
Greene  County.  Mr.  Phillips  has  a  tine  farm  of  500  acres,  and  he 
and  wife  are  members  of  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry  Lodge  of  Kughn- 
town.  The  whole  family  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church. 


882  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

WILLIAM  D.  :^HILLIPS,  Hoover's  Run,  Perm.,  h  one  of  the 

most  successful  of  the  younger  farmers  of  Greene  County,     He  was 
born  in  Wayne  Township,  December  22,  1846,  a  son  of  Jesse  and 
Mary  (Spragg)  Phillips,  natives  of  Greene  County,  where  Mr.  Phil- 
lips still  resides.     Mrs.  Phillips  died  in  the  year  1871.     William  D. 
is  the  oldest  of  twelve  children,  and  was  united  in  marriage,  August 
4,  1866,  with  Sarah,  daughter  of  Henry  and  Elizabeth- (King)  Cole, 
also  natives  of  Greene  County,  where  Mrs.  Phillips'  mcther  still  re- 
sides.    Her  father  departed  this  life  March  15,  1882.     Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Phillips  have  eight  children — Mary  E.,  Justice,  Henry  C..,  James  P., 
Adam  P.,  Frances  A.,  Walter  S.  and  Sarah  E.     The  snbiject  of  ou.i 
sketch  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  is  greatly  interested   in  j^ill  matters 
pertaining  to  agriculture  and  stock-raising.     He  owns  2O0  acres  of 
land  in  Wayne  Township.     He  and  wife  are  members  of  tine  Patrons 
of  Husbandry  Lodge  of  Kughntown,  and  are  also  commuruicants  in 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  that  place. 

JOHN  Mc.  PHILLIPS,  P.  O.  Spragg's,  is  one  of  the  substantial 
young  farmers  and  stock-dealers  of  Wayne  Township,  where  he  wa.-.s 
born  August  26,  1862.  He  is  a  son  of  Armstrong  and  Eleanor 
(Spragg)  Phillips,  also  natives  of  Wayne  Township,  and  residents 
therein  all  their  lives.  His  father  died  August  13, 1870,  aged  thirty 
years  and  four  months;  and  his  mother  died  December  25,  1870, 
aged  thirty-three  years,  seven  months  and  twenty  days.  John  Mc. 
is  their  only  child.  He  was  united  in  marriage,  December  17, 1882, 
with  Nancy  A.  Johnson,  a  daughter  of  William  H.  and  Sarah  A. 
(McDougal)  Jonnson,  whose  sketch  appears  in  this  history.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Phillips  have  two  children — William  A.,  born  February  7, 
1884,  and  Ora  A.,  born  November  10,  1887.  Mr.  Phillips  owns  219 
acres  of  good  land  where  he  resides  with  his  family.  In  religion 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Phillips  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Protestant 
Church. 

DAVID  SPRAGG  (deceased)  was  born  May  2,  1806,  in  Wayne 
Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  the 
heirs  of  Otho  Spragg.  He  was  a  son  of  Caleb  and  Deborah  (Mc- 
Clure)  Spragg,  who  were  married  November  6,  1798.  The  former 
was  born  September  22,  1778,  and  died  April  20,  1854.  The  latter 
was  born  August  1,  17''0,  and  departed  this  life  September  22, 1860. 
They  emigrated  from  Trenton,  N.  J.,  to  what  is  now  Wayne  Town- 
ship, Greene  County,  Peim.,  wliere  they  reared  a  family  of  twelve 
children,  six  sons  and  six  daughters.  Eleven  of  these  grew  to  be 
men  and  women,  one  daughter  dying  in  infancy.  The  oldest  dangh- 
ter,  Amy,  was  born  April,  1800,  and  was  united  in  marriage  with 
Joseph  Wells.  They  were  the  parents  of  a  large  family.  John  was 
born  June  30, 1801,  and  was  married  to  Margaret  Hamilton  in  1820. 
To  this  union  was  born  eleven  children.     He  departed  this  life  Feb-  . 


HISTORY    OP    GREEKE    COUNTY.  883 

ruary,  1888.  Sarah  was  born  December  30,  1802.  She  remained 
single  through  life,  and  died  in  1865.  Uriah  was  born  October  7, 
1804,  and  was  married  to  Susannah  McLaughlin  in  1820.  He  was 
the  father  of  seven  children,  and  departed  this  life  in  1875.  "William 
was  born  February  28,  1808,  and  married  Nancy  Maple  in  1883. 
They  were  the  parents  of  four  children.  He  died  in  1872.  Jeremiah 
was  born  September  26,  1809,  and  was  married  in  1832  to  Sarah 
Shriver.  This  union  was  blessed  with  three  children.  He  died 
March  3,  1878.  Otho  was  born  October  5,  1811,  and  was  united  in 
marriage  in  1833  with  Lydia  Shul.  They  were  the  parents  of  two 
children.  He  departed  this  life  March,  1882.  Elizabeth  was  born 
July  4,  1814,  and  was  married  to  Simon  Strosnider  in  1833.  She 
was  the  mother  of  eight  children,  and  departed  this  life  February, 
1884.  Rebecca  was  born  May  17,  1817,  and  was  married  to  W.  J. 
Casgray,  December  15,  1842.  To  them  were  born  seven  children. 
She  died  May  6,  1881.  Deborah  was  born  JNovember  9,  1820,  and 
was  united  in  marriage,  in  1848,  Avith  Thomas  Hoge.  She  was  the 
mother  of  one  child,  and  departed  this  life  in  1849.  David  (deceased), 
who  is  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was  the  fifth  in  the  family,  and  was 
united  in  marriage,  at  the  age  of  twenty-one,  with  Nancy  A.  Gordon, 
who  was  born  November  3,  1806,  and  died  March,  1886.  She  was  a 
daughter  of  William  Gordon,  and  was  reared  in  Whiteley  Township, 
Greene  County,  Penn.  Her  parents,  with  all  their  children  except 
herself,  moved  to  Perry  County,  Ohio,  in  1836.  To  Mr.  David 
Spragg  and  wife  were  born  live  children.  The  oldest,  Mary,  was 
born  in  1827,  and  was  married  to  Hon.  Jesse  Phillips  in  1845.  She 
was  the  mother  of  twelve  children,  and  departed  this  life  September 
29,  1872.  Caleb  A.  was  born  December  18,  1829,  and  is  one  of 
Greene  County's  most  substantial  citizens.  He  was  united  in  mar- 
riage, November  6,  1851,  with  Sarah  Johnson,  a  daughter  of  Will- 
iam and  Nancy  (Lantz)  Johnson.  The  former  is  deceased,  and  the 
latter  is  living.  By  this  marriage  Mr.  Caleb  A.  Spragg  is  the  father 
of  five  children — Sylvenus  L.,  a  prominent  physician  of  Pittsburgh, 
Penn.;  Francis  M.  and  David  G.,  of  Harrison  County,  Mo.;  William 
E.,  proprietor  of  the  marble  works  at  Waynesburg,  and  Clara  N., 
wife  of  Corbly  K.  Spragg.  Mrs.  Spragg  departed  this  life  December 
21, 1882.  After  her  death  Mr.  Spragg  was  again  united  in  marriage, 
April  6,  1884,  with  Matilda  Porter,  a  daughter  of  John  and  Hannah 
(Rinehart)  Porter.  This  union  has  been  blessed  with  one  child — ■ 
Porter  M.  In  connection  with  the  raising  of  stock  and  the  manage- 
ment of  his  farm  of  125  acres,  upon  which  he  has  bestowed  much 
care  and  attention,  Mr.  Spragg  has  filled  various  offices  in  his  town- 
ship, and  served  as  a  member  of  the  school  board  two  terms.  Will- 
iam, the  second  son  of  David  and  Nancy  Spragg,  was  born  November 
14,  1832,  and  was  married  to  Sarah  A.  Brock,  October,  1859.     They 

49 


884  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

were  the  parents  of  six  children.  He  departed  this  life  October  10, 
1872.  Adam,  the  third  son,  was  united  in  marriage  with  Lydia 
Pettit,  December  3,  1858.  To  this  union  was  born  four  children, 
lie  died  September  10,  1872.  Debbie,  the  youngest  daughter,  was 
born  May  14,  1839,  and  was  married  to  Joel  Strawn  in  1858.  They 
were  the  parents  of  six  children.  Mr.  Strawn  died  in  1871.  David, 
our  subject,  died  February  7, 1877,  on  the  farm  known  as  the  Spragg 
homestead,  in  "Wayne  Township.  He  was  from  his  early  youth 
engaged  in  land  speculations  and  farming.  He  obtained  but  a  lim- 
ited education,  but  being  a  great  pliilanthropist  he  proved  a  blesings 
to  the  community  in  which  he  lived.  At  the  age  of  thirty-five  he 
became  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Protestant  Church.  He  possessed 
good  social  qualities.  His  wife  was  of  a  kind  disposition,  and  their 
home  was  one  of  the  most  attractive  in  the  neighborhood.  He  and 
his  wife  lived  a  long  and  happy  life  together,  and  were  known  to 
every  one  in  that  neighborhood  as  "Uncle  Dave"  and  "Aunt  Nancy 
Spragg." 

HENliY  M.  SPPtAGG,  postmaster,  Spragg's,  Penn.,  is  one  of 
the  most  successful  farmers  of  Greene  County,  and  owns  about  300 
acres  of  land.  He  was  born  August  8,  1837,  a  son  of  Jeremiah  and 
Sarah  Spragg  (iiee  Shriver),  who  were  natives  of  this  county,  where 
they  were  married  and  resided  until  his  father's  death,  March  10, 
1878;  his  mother  is  still  living.  Henry  M.,  the  youngest  of  their 
three  children,  was  united  in  marriage,  March  19,  1862,  with  Eliza, 
daughter  of  John  and  Kezia  Kent  (^tiee  Shields),  natives  and  resi- 
dents of  this  county.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Spragg  are  the  parents  of  five 
children — McClelland,  Lazear,  Simon  T.,  Laura  S.  and  Harriet  E. 
Mr.  Spragg  has  served  his  township  as  constable,  assessor  and  school 
director;  and  is  a  member  of  the  Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows 
Lodge,  of  Blacksville,  West  Virginia. 

ISRAEL  STEWAPtT,  deceased,  was  born  in  Greene'  County, 
Penn.,  May  17,  1830,  a  son  of  James  and  Mary  Stewart  (jiee  Blaii-), 
(deceased).  Mr.  Stewart  was  united  in  marriage,  March  24,  1853, 
with  Rebgcca  Pliinips,  born  in  Wayne  Township,  December  18,  1827, 
a  daughter  uf  llichard  and  Abigail  (Starkey)  Phillips,  natives  of 
Greene  County,  and  now  deceased.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stewart  were  the 
parents  of  ten  children — Thomas  L.,  Richard,  James,  Elizabeth  M., 
wife  of  Kenney  Strosnider;  Jesse  H.,  Spencer  M.,  Mary  J.,  wife  of 
Thomas  Calvert,  Abigail  F.  and  Sarah  P.;  and  George  W.,  (deceased). 
Mr.  Stewart  was  a  stone-mason  by  trade,  but  in  later  years  devoted 
his  time  to  farming,  and  owned  300  acres  of  land  near  Blacksville, 
West  Virginia.  He  was  a  deacon  in  the  Baptist  Church,  of  which 
his  widow  and  family  are  also  inembers.     He  died  October  29,  1887. 

ABRAHAM,  TUSTIN,  farmer,  P.  O.  Hoover's  Run,  Penn.,  was 
born  in  Wayne  Township  in   1848,   a  son  of  John  and  Mary  (Bum- 


HISTORY    OP    GREENE    COUNTY.  885 

garner)  Tustin,  natives  of  Greene  County,  where  his  father  died  in 
the  year  1882,  and  his  mother  in  1850.  They  were  the  parents  of 
live  cliildren,  of  whom  Abraham  is  the  third.  On  September  2, 1862, 
he  chose  for  his  life  companion  Miss  Frances  E.,  daughter  of  Henry 
and  Elizabeth  (King)  Cole,  who  were  natives  and  residents  of  this 
county,  where  Mr.  Cole  died  March  15,  1882;  Mrs.  Cole  is  still 
living.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Tustin's  cliildren  are — John  L.,  Elizabeth  M., 
Jacob  II.,  Sarah  C,  Lucy  J.,  Margaret  E.  and  Osa  E. ;  Fanny  M.  and 
Kachel  A.  being  deceased.  Mr.  Tustin  was  reared  on  a  farm,  and 
although  comparatively  a  young  man,  he  has  been  greatly  prospered 
in  his  farming  and  stock  dealing,  and  owns  191  acres  of  land  in 
Wayne  Township,  lie  and  wife  and  two  of  their  children  are  mem- 
bers of  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry  Lodge  of  Kughntown,  and  belong 
to  the  Oak  Shade  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

REASIN  WHITE,  farmer.  Oak  Forest,  Penn.,  was  born  in 
Franklin  Township,  January  13, 1833.  His  fatlier  is  the  liev.  David 
White,  founder  of  what  is  known  as  "White's  Church,"  near 
Waynesburg.  He  is  now  over  ninety  years  of  age  and  still  quite 
active  in  mind  and  body.  His  mother's  maiden  name  was  Leah 
Strosnider;  both  were  natives  of  Greene  County.  Mrs.  White  de- 
parted this  life  in  1867.  On  June  3,  1854,  Mr.  Reasin  White  mar- 
ried Miss  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Daniel  and  Jemima  Rogers  (^uee 
Pettit),  also  natives  of  this  county,  where  they  were  married  and  first 
settled.  They  afterwards  removed  to  Ohio,  where  Mr.  Rogers  died 
in  1883.  Mrs.  Rogers  departed  this  life  January  21,  1886,  in  Wayne 
Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  White  have  live 
children,  two  of  whom  are  living — Judge  D.  and  Samuel  K.  The 
deceased  are:  Mary  E.,  David  W.  and  Israel.  Mr.  White  is  one  of 
the  most  industrious  and  highly  respected  farmers  in  his  community, 
and  owns  200  acres  of  excellent  laud.  He  and  family  are  faithful 
members  of  the  Pursley  Baptist  Church. 

JOHN  I.  WORLEY,  farmer  and  stock-dealer,  Blacksville,  West 
Virginia,  is  a  descendant  of  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  Wayne  Town- 
ship, Greene  County,  Penn.  He  was  born  December  1,  1823,  on 
the  farm  where  he  and  family  reside  in  Wayne  Township.  His 
father,  David  Worley,  was  born  in  Wayne  Township,  May  8,  1775, 
on  the  farm  now  owned  by  John  I.  His  mother,  Margaret  Cather, 
was  a  native  of  Franklin  Township,  born  May  20,  1780.  They  were 
married  December  30,  1799.  Three  of  their  ten  childern  are  living, 
viz.;  William  C,  of  West  Virginia;  Dr.  Asberry,  of  Fayette  County, 
Ohio,  and  John  I.  Their  father  died  September  10,  1851,  and  the 
mother  December  5,  1853.  Mr.  John  I.  Worley  was  twice  married, 
his  first  wife  being;  Miss  Maria  Gordon,  with  whom  he  shared  his 
fortunes,  December  21,  1843.  Mrs,  Worley  was  born  in  I'ranklin 
Township,  January  6,  1824,  a  daughter  of  Bazil  and  Sarah  (Shriver) 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

Gordon  (deceased).  By  this  marriage  Mr.  Worlej  is  the  father  of 
seven  children — Sarah,  wife  of  R.  W.  Dougan;  William  G.,  David 
R,,  Jesse  L.,  Alpheus  B.  and  Lizzie,  wife  of  Rev.  James  E.  Mercer; 
and  Maggie,  (deceased).  Their  mother  departed  this  life  Felirnarj^  7, 
1877,  a  consistent  member  of  the  Methodist  Protestant  Church.  On 
June  17,  1879,  Mr.  Worley  chose  for  his  second  wife  Mrs.  Delilah 
Iliggins,  born  in  Whiteley  Township  September  15,  1830,  a  daughter 
of  Mark  and  Susan  Gordon  (deceased).  Mr.  Worley  was  brought  up 
on  a  farm  and  has  always  followed  his  present  occupation.  He  owns 
600  acres  of  land  in  Greene  County.  lie  has  served  as  justice  of 
the  peace  in  Wayne  Township,  an  office  which  his  father  held  for 
forty  years.  He  has  held  almost  all  the  important  offices  of  his 
township,  having  ever  been  one  of  its  most  highly  respected  citizens. 
He  and  Mrs.  Worley  are  consistent  members  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church. 

ROBERT  ZIMMERMAN,  farmer,  Spragg's,  Penn.,  was  born  in 
Greene  County,  December  19,  1819.  His  parents,  Henry  and  Eliza- 
beth (Mitchell)  Zimmerman,  were  natives  of  Maryland,  where  they 
were  married,  then  moved  to  Greene  County,  Penn.,  near  Waynes- 
burg,  and  remained  until  their  death.  Robert  and  his  brother  Henry 
are  their  only  children  living.  On  December  17,  1840,  Robert  mar- 
ried Mary  Flick,  a  native  of  Greene  County  and  daughter  of  Daniel 
Flick.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Zimmerman  were  born  six  children,  four 
living — Elizabeth,  wife  of  Lot  Rose;  Susan,  wife  of  Solomon  Lem- 
ley;  Eliza,  wife  of  Hudson  Kiger;  and  Henry,  who  married  Caro- 
line Headley.  The  deceased  are  Daniel  and  William.  Mrs. 
Zimmerman  died  August  5,  1852.  February  1,  1855,  Mr.  Zimmer- 
man married  Catharine,  daughter  of  Jolm_Cree,  also  a  native  of  this 
county.  By  this  second  marriage  *^lie  is  the  father  of  one  child — 
_liBlll?  Y'''ife-Of  Bowen  Stephens.  Mrs.  Catharine  Zimmerman  died 
September  2,  1860.  Robert  Zimmerman  afterwards  married  Dorcas 
Rinehart,  January  5,  1862.  She  was  l)orn  in  Franklin  Township, 
November  8,  1819,  a  daughter  of  John  T.  and  Susannah  Rinehart. 
Mr.  Zimmerman  owns  204  acres  of  land  where  he  and  family  reside 
in  Wayne  Township. 


HISTORY    OF    GKEENE    COUNTY.  887 


WHITELEY   TOWNSHIP. 

A.  M.  BAILEY,  retired  farmer,  Kirby,  Penn.,  is  one  of  the  pio- 
neers of  Whiteley  Township,  where  he  was  born  on  his  present  farm 
April  30,  1814.     His  father,  Joab  Bailey,  was  a   native  of  Chester 
Connty,  Penn,,  and    when  only   twelve  years  of  age  came  with  his 
parents  to  Greene  County,  wiiere  he  married  Miss  Jane  Mundell,  a 
native  of  Greene  Township,   this  county.     They   lived  on    Muddy 
Creek  a  few  years  and  then  purchased  the  farm  on  Pleasant  Hill  in 
Whiteley  Township,  now  owned  by  Abner  M.,  and  remained  on  that 
farm  until  their  death.     They  were  the  parents  of  nine  children,  of 
whom  only  three  are  living,   viz.:    Abner  M.  and  two  sisters,  Jaen 
and  Eliza  A.     Mr.  A,  M.   Bailey  was  united   in  marriage  the  first 
time,  in  1838,  with  Elizal)eth  South,  born  in  Dunkard  Township  in 
181G,  a  daughter  of  Enoch  and  Buth   South  (^jiee  Gregg).     By  tliis 
marriage  he  is  the   father  of  six  children,  four  living — Benjamin, 
Presley,  Ruth,  wife  of  William  Patterson,  and  Jane,  wife  of  Jasper 
Morris;  and  Ellis  and  Joab  E.  (deceased).  Mrs.  Bailey  died  in  1849. 
In  1855  Mr.  Bailey  took  unto  himself  a  helpmate  in    the  person  of 
Mrs.  Mary  Cowell,  who  was  born  in  Dunkard  Township,  this  county, 
in  1824,  a  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Bachael  Bowen   (?iee  Fordyce). 
By  this  union  Mr.  Bailey  is  the  father  of  four  children,  two  living, 
viz.:  Abner  J.  and  Elvador;  and  Elizabeth  and  Susan  A.,  (deceased). 
Mrs.  Mary  Bailey  died  in   1874.     In  1877  Mr.  Bailey  was  united  in 
the  holy  bonds  of  matrimony  with    Miss  Margaret  Taylor,  who  was 
born  in  Washington  Township  in  1825,  a  daughter  of  Thomas  and 
Angeline  Taylor  (^nee   McCaslin).     Mrs.  Margaret  Bailey  departed 
this  life  in  1885.     Then  Mr.  Bailey  was  married  the  fourth  time, 
November  24,   1885,   to  Mrs.   Ruth   A.  Hoover,   born  in  Jefferson 
Township,  December  10,  1840,  a  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Elizabeth 
Wickersham  (^nee  Randolph).     During  the  early  years  of  his   life 
Mr,  Bailey  was  actively  engaged  in  farming  and  stock-dealing,  from 
which  he  has  secured  enough  of  this  world's  goods  to  keep  him  in 
comfortable  circumstances   the  remainder   of  his  days.     In  1867  he 
was  elected  to  the  office  of  county  treasurer  and  served  one  term  very 
creditably.     He    and    his    wife    are    members    of   the   Methodist 
Protestant  Church. 

DAVID  BARE,  Kirby,  Penn,,  is  one  of  the  pioneers  of  Whiteley 
Township,  Greene  County,  where  he  was  born  September  29,  1818, 
a  son  of  David  and  Susannah  (Rittenour)  Bare.       His  father  was  a 


888  II18T0EY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

native  of  Bedford  County,  Penn.,  and  his  mother  of  "Washington 
County,  Maryland,  where  they  were  married  and  remained  till  1810, 
at  which  time  they  moved  to  Fayette  County,  Pennsylvania,  In 
1812  he  enlisted  in  the  service  of  his  country,  and  the  same  year  his 
wife  moved  with  the  family  to  Greene  County,  She  departed  this 
life  in  1845;  her  husband  died  in  1862.  They  had  a  family  of  four- 
teen children,  nine  of  whom  are  living.  Mr.  David  Bare  was  united 
in  marriage  May  13,  1840,  with  Lucinda  Hickman,  who  was  born  in 
Greene  County  in  1822,  a  daughter  of  Abraham  and  Mary  (Nelson) 
Hickman.  By  this  marriage  Mr,  Bare  is  the  father  of  six  children 
— Martin  B.,  Eliza,  wife  of  John  M.  Bradford;  Mary  A.,  wife  of 
Andrew  Pitcock,  and  John;  the  deceased  are  James  and  Emily. 
Mrs.  Bare  died  in  1853.  Then  in  1860  Mr.  Bare  married  Rebecca 
Lemley,  born  in  Whiteley  Township,  November  5,  1822,  a  daughter 
of  Ezekiel  and  Sarah  (Bowers)  Lemley.  By  this  marriage  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Bare,  have  four  children — Benjamin  P"'.,  living;  and  Sophrona, 
Emma  and  an  infant,  (deceased).  Mr,  Bare  is  a  blacksmith  by  trade, 
which  he  followed  about  forty-eight  years;  since  that  time  he  has 
been  engaged  in  farming,  and  owns  eighty  acres  of  land  in  Whiteley 
Township.  He  filled  the  office  of  assessor  of  his  township.  In  re- 
ligion he  and  his  wife  are  Methodists. 

HENRY  BOWERS,  farmer,  Lone  Star,  Penn.,  was  born  in 
Virginia,  January  1,  1826.  He  is  a  son  of  Solomon  and  Peggy 
Cowers  {nee  Bradford),  who  were  natives  of  Whiteley  Township, 
Greene  County,  Penn.,  where  they  were  married,  then  moved  to 
Virginia  and  remained  until  their  death.  They  had  twelve  children, 
eight  of  whom  are  now  living.  Henrj'^  is  tlie  oldest  son  and  was 
united  in  marriage  October  21,  1847,«'with  Catharine  Barockman, 
born  in  Virginia,  July  27,  1824.  She  is  a  daughter  of  John  and 
Barbara  Barockman  {^aee  Franks),  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  who 
after  marriage  moved  to  Virginia  and  remained  until  their  death, 
Mr,  and  Mrs.  Henry  Bowers  are  the  parents  of  seven  children,  four 
dead — Lucinda,  Elizabeth,  Clark  and  Marion;  and  three  living — 
Morgan,  Sarah  E.  and  Josephus,  who  married  Josephine  Fuller,  and 
is  the  father  of  two  children— Charlie  E.  and  Lizzie  M.  Mr. 
Bowers  is  a  farmer,  as  we  learn  from  the  heading  of  this  sketcli,  and 
is  the  owner  of  a  fine  farm  of  170  acres.  He  and  his  family  are 
memT)ers  of  the  Methodist  Protestant  Church,  in  which  he  has  been 
one  of  the  trustees  for  about  ten  years. 

M.  C.  BRx^NT,  P,  O.  Kirby,  is  one  of  the  leading  business  men 
of  Newton,  Pennsylvania.  He  was  born  in  Cameron,  West  Virginia, 
September  29,  1858,  a  son  of  Eli  and  Sarah  Brant  (^nee  Spragg),  na- 
tives of  Wayne  Township,  Greene  County,  where  they 'lived  until 
about  1856,  at  which  time  they  moved  to  Cameron,  W.  Va.,  and  re- 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  889 

mained  till  1859,  then  returned  to  Wayne  Township.  When  the 
war  commenced,  Mr.  Brant  enlisted  in  behalf  of  his  country's  cause, 
and  while  in  service  contracted  the  disease  of  diphtheria  from  which 
he  died.  After  his  death  his  widow  was  united  in  marriage  with 
Abraham  Gump,  whose  sketch  appears  in  this  work.  M.  C.  Brant 
was  united  in  marriage  February  14,  1885,  witli  Edna  Thompson, 
born  in  Center  Township,  Greene  County,  August  22,  1859.  Her 
parents,  Elijah  and  Sarah  Thompson  {iiee  Hoge),  were  natives  of 
Center  Townsliip,  and  residents  there  until  Mr,  Thompson's  death 
which  occurred  in  1861.  Sometime  afterwards  his  widow  was  united 
in  marriage  with  Lisbon  Staggers,  whose  sketch  also  appears  in  this 
book.  Mr.  M.  C.  Brant  and  wife  are  the  parents  of  one  child.  Jay 
F.,  born  February  22,  1886.  Mr.  Brant  was  raised  on  a  farm,  and 
acquired  a  good  common-school  education.  In  188-4:  he  opened  a 
general  store  in  Newton,  where  he  has  a  large  and  liberal  patronage. 
His  wife  is  a  consistent  member  of  the  Baptist  Church. 

DAYID  L.  COWELL,  farmer,  Kirby,  Penn.,  was  born  in  Dunkard 
Township,  Greene  County,  November  5,  1829,  a  son  of  Daniel  and 
Susannah  Covvell  {iiee  Bowers).  The  former  was  also  a  native  of 
Dunkard,  and  the  latter  of  Whiteley  Township,  where  they  were 
married.  They  then  settled  in  Dunkard  Township  and  remained 
until  their  death.  They  were  the  parents  of  twelve  children,  only 
four  of  whom  are  living.  September  15,  1864,  David  L.  Cowell  mar- 
ried Miss  Harriet  Long.  She  was  born  in  Whiteley  Township  Octo- 
ber 15,  1843,  and  is  a  consistent  member  of  the  Methodist  Episco- 
pal Church.  Her  parents,  Samuel  and  Adeline  Long,  were  natives 
Greene  County  and  residents  therein  until  their  death,  which  occurred 
in  Perry  Township.  Of  the  five  children  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Cowell,  three  are  living — William  L.,  Ellsworth  and  Amanda. 
Throuixhout  his  life  Mr.  Cowell  has  been  engacred  in  stock-dealino; 
and  farming,  in  which  he  has  been  eminently  successful,  owing  at 
present  a  fine  farm  of  400  acres  of  land  in  Wliiteley  Township. 

JOHN  M.  COWELL,  Lone  Star,  Penn.,  is  a  descendant  of  one 
of  the  pioneer  families  of  Greene  County.  He  was  born  in  Whiteley 
Township,  January  1,  1851,  on  the  farm  where  he  and  his  family 
now  live.  His  parents  were  Solomon  and  Eliza  Cowell  [iiee  Michael). 
The  forme.'  was  born  in  Greene  County  and  the  latter  in  West  Vir- 
ginia where  they  were  married,  settled  in  Whiteley  Township  on 
the  farm  now  owned  by  John  M.,  and  remained  until  Mr.  Cowell's 
death  which  took  place  in  1879.  Mrs.  Cowell  is  still  living  in  New- 
ton. They  were  the  parents  of  thirteen  children,  five  living.  Sep- 
tember 23,  1873,  John  M.  Cowell  married  Mary  J.  Norton,  born  in 
Butler  County,  Penn  ,  December  29,  1855.  Her  parents  were  Mar- 
tin K.  and  Rebecca  Norton,  also  natives  of  Butler  County,  who  now 


890  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY, 

live  in  the  State  of  Iowa.  To  Mr.  Cowell  and  Avife  liave  been  born 
seven  children — Minnie  L.,  Wesley  A.,  William  S.,  Charles  N.,  John 
E.,  Sadie  R.  and  Cleveland.  Mr.  Cowell's  farm  consists  of  246 
acres,  and  on  it  can  be  found  fine  horses,  cattle  and  sheep,  the  raising 
of  which  has  formed  an  important  part  of  his  business.  He  is  a 
public  spirited  citizen,  and  has  held  the  office  of  school  director  in 
his  district.  Mrs.  Cowell  is  a  consistent  member  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church. 

JOHN  A.  CUMMINS,  Waynesburg,  Penn.,  is  one  of  the  most 
industrious  farmers  of  Whiteley  Township,  where  he  was  born  Sep- 
tember 14,  1840.  His  parents,  William  and  Catharine  Cummins, 
are  natives  of  Greene  County  and  reside  in  Whiteley  Township.  They 
have  a  family  of  ten  children,  of  whom  nine  are  living.  September 
14,  1878,  John  A.  Cummins  married  Miss  Hannah  Kush,  a  native  of 
Franklin  Township.  To  them  have  been  born  four  children — Will- 
iam A.,  Lona  O.,  Catharine  E.,  and  John  B.  Having  been  raised  on 
a  farm,  Mr.  Cummins  has  made  a  business  of  farming  and  stock- 
dealing  all  through  his  life,  and  as  a  result  of  his  faithful  and  per- 
sistent labors  is  now  in  possession  of  an  excellent  farm  of  about  230 
acres  in  Whiteley  Township,  where  he  and  family  live.  His  wife  is 
among  the  most  consistent  and  prominent  members  of  the  Methodits 
Protestant  Church. 

JOHN  FOX,  Kirby,  Penn.,  one  of  the  substantial  citizens  of 
Whiteley  Township,  Greene  County,  was  born  in  Perry  Township, 
April  25,  1830.  His  parents  were  Henry  and  Susannah  (Delany) 
Fox,  who  were  natives  of  Greene  County,  where  they  were  married 
and  remained  till  death.  He  departed  this  life  October  29,  1882,  and 
she  December  25,  1875.  They  were  the  parents  of  ten  children,  of 
whom  six  are  living.  Mr.  John  Fox  was  united  in  marriage  Decem- 
ber 13,  1849,  with  Dorothy  Plains,  who  was  born  in  Whiteley  Town- 
ship October  15, 1830,  a  daughter  of  John  and  Jane  Hains  [nee  John), 
who  \vere  natives  of  Greene  County,  lived  in  AVhiteley  Township  until 
1857,  then  moved  to  West  Virginia  where  Mr.  Hains  died  in  1887. 
His  widow  is  still  living.  They  had  a  family  of  eleven  children — 
Eli,  Christopher  C,  Matilda,  wife  of  Winiield  S.  Vandruif ;  Jane,  wife 
of  John  L.  Walters;  Taylor,  Daily,  Luther,  Maggie,  wife  of  George 
Patterson;  William  and  Nancy;  and  Walter,  (deceased).  Mr.  Fox  is 
quite  a  genius  in  his  way,  and  successful  in  almost  every  undertaking. 
His  principal  business  is  farming,  and  he  owns  475  acres  of  land  in 
Greene  County.  He  filled  the  office  of  justice  of  the  peace  of  his 
township  for  five  years;  and  at  different  times  has  held  the  positions 
of  auditor,  constable,  assessor,  trustee  and  member  of  the  school 
board.  He  and  his  wife  belong  to  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church. 


niSTORY    OF    GUEENE    COUNTY.  891 

JOHN  S.  FULLER,  farmer  and  stock-dealer,  P.  O.  Lone  Star, 
was  born  in  Wliiteley  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  April  24, 
1833.  Ills  parents  are  Daniel  and  Nancy  (Wliitlatch)  Fuller,  the 
one  born  in  Fayette  and  the  other  in  Greene  County,  where  they 
were  married  in  Whiteley  Township  and  remained  through  life.  He 
departed  this  life  April  22,  1874,  and  she  December  14, 1876.  They 
were  the  parents  of  eight  children,  all  but  one  living.  Subject's 
grandparents  were  natives  of  Ireland.  The  grandfather  was  born  in 
the  city  of  Dublin,  and  the  grandmother  in  the  county  of  Tyrone. 
They  were  married  after  emigrating  to  America.  Mr.  John  S.  Fuller 
was  united  in  marriage  August  13,  1852,  with  Emily_Pliillips,  born 
in  Greene  County  September  28,  1837.  She  is  a  daughter  of  Elmer 
and  Elizabeth  Phillips  (wee  VandrufF),  natives  of  this  county,  the 
latter  deceased.  Mr.  Fuller  and  wife  are  the  parents  of  seven  chil- 
dren, live  living — Nancy,  wife  of  Henry  Zimmerman;  Josephine, 
wife  of  Josephus  Bowers;  Smith,  Bowman  and  IdaM.;  Elizabeth  and 
Daniel  L.  being  deceased.  Mr.  Fuller  owns  700  acres  of  land  where 
he  and  his  family  reside,  and  has  taken  considerable  interest  in  the 
raising  of  fine  stock,  being  the  first  to  bring  a  herd  of  thorough-bred 
short-horned  cattle  into  Whiteley  Township,  m  1883.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  school  board  two  terms;  served  as  assessor  three  terms 
and  as  assistant  assessor  for  many  years.  Both  he  and  his  wife  are 
members  of  the  Methodist  Protestant  Church. 

ABIiAHAM  GUMP,  farmer  and  stock-dealer,  is  a  descendant  of 
one  of  the  pioneer  families  of  Greene  County,  Penn.  He  was  born 
in  Whiteley  Township,  December  15,  1832,  a  son  of  John  and  Dorcas 
Gump  {nee  Wliitlatch).  His  father  was  a  native  of  Virginia,  and  his 
mother  of  New  Jersey.  They  were  married  in  Whiteley  Township, 
Greene  County,  Penn.,  residing  there  until  their  death;  she  departed 
this  life  in  1840  and  her  husband  in  1863.  They  were  the  parents 
of  thirteen  children,  of  whom  only  two  are  living,  viz. :  Cassandra, 
now  the  widow  of  Jacob  Lemley,  and  Abraham,  the  subject  of  our 
notice,  who  was  united  in  marriage  the  first  time  March  4,  1852,  with 
Maria  Adamson.  She  was  born  in  Waynesburg,  a  daughter  of  Cyrus 
and  Elizabeth  Adamson,  now  deceased.  By  this  union  Mr.  Gump  is 
the  father  of  two  children,  one  living — John  C;  and  Samantha  A., 
deceased.  In  the  spring  of  1857,  Mr.  Gump  and  family  moved  to 
Warren  County,  Illinois,  and  about  two  months  later  Mrs.  Gump 
met  with  a  sad  accident  resulting  in  her  death.  While  alone  in  the 
house  M'ith  her  little  family,  in  passing  too  near  the  grate  her  clothes 
took  fire  and  were  burned  ofl"  before  any  assistance  could  reach  her 
and  she  died  in  about  sixteen  hours  from  the  effect  of  the  burns. 
This  occurred  May  16,  1857.  Mr.  Gump  afterwards  returned  with 
his  family  to  Whiteley  Township,  Penn.,  and  was  united  in  marriage 


892  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

June  16,  1867,  with  Sarah  Brant,  {nee_^^i[jnigg).  She  has  two  chil- 
dren— ^Otho  and  Matthias.  Her  parents,  Otho  and  Lida  (Shull) 
Spragg,  were  natives  of  Greene  County,  and  residents  of  Wayne 
Township  until  Mrs.  Sragg's  death  March  23,  1874.  Her  husband 
died  April  12,  1882.  By  his  last  marriage  Mr.  Gump  is  the  father 
of  three  children — George  M.,  Corbly  and  Debbie.  Mr.  Gump  has 
been  a  farmer  and  stock-dealer  all  his  life,  and  he  and  his  wife  own 
about  650  acres  of  land  in  Greene  County.  They  are  consistent 
members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  and  his  deceased  wife  also. 

SOLOMON  GUTHRIE,  a  retired  farmer  of  Kirby,  Penn.,  was 
born  in  the  house  where  lie  and  his  family  reside  in  Whiteley  Town- 
ship, Greene  County,  April  7,  1816.  He  is  a  son  of  Archibald  and 
Elizabeth  (Lemley)  Guthrie,  who  were  natives  of  Pennsylvania. 
They  were  married  in  Greene  County,  afterwards  settling  in  Whiteley 
Township,  where  Mrs.  Guthrie  died.  After  her  death,  Archibald 
married  Mary  Scott,  who  is  still  living.  He  died  August  23, '1845. 
He  was  the  father  of  twelve  children,  of  whom  eight  are  living. 
Solomon  Guthrie  was'  united  in  marriage  January  31,  1839,  with 
Elizabeth  Fry,  born  in  Centre  Township,  November  20,  1818.  Mrs. 
Guthrie's  parents  were  George  and  Elizabeth  Fry  (jiee  Beckingbaugh), 
who  were  natives  of  Greene  County.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Guthrie  have  been 
born  ten  children,  of  whom  seven  are  living — Susan,  wife  of  Robinson 
John;  Elizabeth  S.,  wife  of  Benona  John;  George  W.,  Lucinda,  wife 
of  Abraham  Shull;  Solomon  E.,  Jessie  L.  and  William  F.;  Job,  Maria 
and  Archibald  B.  being  deceased.  Mr.  Guthrie  has  been  engaged  in 
farming  all  his  life,  and  owns  120  acres  of  land  where  he  and  his 
family  reside.  He  and  Mrs.  Guthrie  are  consistent  members  of  the 
Methodist  Church. 

G.  W.  HATFIELD,  farmer,  P.  O.  Lone  Star,  was  born  in  White- 
ley  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  July  30,  1816.  His  parents 
were  Jacob  and  Rebecca  (Mundle)  Hatfield,  the  former  a  native  of 
New'^ersey~and~"tTTe'latter  ofXTreBTre"€JoTmty,  Penn.,  where  they  were 
married  and  remained  through  life.  In  1839,  G.  W.  Hatfield  mar- 
ried Miss  Mary  Richie,  born  in  Fayette  County,  Penn.,  in  1806, 
daughter  of  James  Richie.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hatfield  have  seven  chil- 
dren, six  living — Jacob,  James,  Hiram,  William,  Elizabeth,  wife  of 
Lindsey  Stephens  and  Madison,  and  Frank,  (deceased).  Mr.  Hatfield 
has  always  lived  on  a  farm,  and  has  been  one  of  the  most  enterprising 
and  successful  farmers  and  stock-dealers  in  the  county,  where  he  owns 
900  acres  of  land.  He  served  his  district  on  the  school  board  for 
about  twelve  years.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hatfield  are  exemplary  members 
of  the  Methodist  Protestant  Church. 

CHRISTOPPIER  JOHN,  deceased,  was  born  May  26,  1820,  on 
the  farm  where  the  family  reside  in  Whiteley  Township.     His  father 


HISTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  893 

and  mother  were  James  and  Margaret  (Robinson)  John,  natives  of 
eastern  Pennsylvania.  They  were  married  in  Greene  County  and 
settled  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  the  heirs  of  Christopher  John, 
(deceased),  and  remained  until  their  death.  His  father  died  January 
16,  1874,  and  his  mother  July  20,  1852.  They  were  the  parents  of 
eleven  children,  live  now  living.  Christopher  John  was  united  in 
marriage  in  1839  with  Nancy  Fox,  born  in  Greene  County,  March 
23,  1823,  a  daughter  of  Henry  and  Susannah  (Delany)  Fox,  natives  of 
Greene  County,  now  deceased.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  John's  family  consists 
of  eleven  children,  seven  living — Barbara,  wife  of  David  Lockhart; 
Sarah  J.,  widow  of  George  Connor;  Margaret,  wife  of  R.  Fox;  Kin- 
sey,  Reasin,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  I.  N.  Kiger;  and  Sidonia,  wife  of 
William  Vandrnfl'.  Henry,  Susannah,  Franklin  and  AVilliam,  are 
deceased.  Notwithstanding  the  fact  that  Mr.  John,  like  the  rest  of 
the  early  settlers,  received  but  a  limited  education,  he  was  quite  a 
successful  farmer  through  life,  and  owned  550  acres  of  good  land  in 
Greene  County  at  the  time  of  his  death,  which  occurred  August  11, 
1888. 

DR.  G.  W.  MOSS,  deceased,  was  born  in  Washington  County, 
Penn.,  May  5, 1836.  His  parents  were  Jennings  J.  and  Ellen  (Win- 
net)  Moss.  After  marriage  they  resided  in  Washington  County 
until  1844,  at  which  time  they  moved  to  Richhill  Township,  Greene 
County,  for  a  few  years,  then  returned  to  AVashington  County,  and 
remained  until  their  seven  children  grew  to  maturity.  They  again 
retraced  their  steps  to  Greene  County,  and  remained  until  their 
death.  Only  four  of  their  children  survive  them.  Dr.  Moss  was 
the  third,  and  acquired  his  education  in  the  common  schools  of 
Greene  and  Washington  counties.  He  graduated  in  the  Jefferson 
Medical  College  at  Philadelphia  in  1870,  and  afterwards  took  a  course 
of  lectures  at  Bellevue,  N.  Y.  He  began  the  practice  of  medicine  at 
Jefferson,  Penn.,  and  in  1856  located  at  Newtown,  where  he  was 
actively  engaged  in  the  profession  until  his  death,  January  16, 1888. 
The  Doctor  was  nnited  in  marriage  February  15,  1863,  with  Sarah 
J.  Hudson,  who  was  born  in  Newton,  Penn.,  November  17,  1846. 
Mrs.  Moss  is  a  daughter  of  John  and  Sarah  J.  (Morris)  Hudson,  the 
former  a  native  of  West  Moreland  and  the  latter  of  Greene  County, 
where  they  were  married.  They  settled  in  Newtown,  where  Mr 
Hudson  departed  this  life  in  August,  1884.  His  widow  still  resides 
at  Newtown.  They  were  the  parents  of  nine  children,  of  whom  five 
are  living.  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Moss  were  the  parents  of  one  daughter — 
Ethel  H.,  born  March  4,  1882.  The  Doctor  was  a  member  of  the 
I.  O.  O.  F.,  was  a  Knight  Templar  in  the  Masonic  order,  and  belonged 
to  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  of  which  his  widow  is  also  a 
faithful  and  devoted  member. 


894  HISTORY    OF    GKEENE    COUNTY. 

HENRY  MORRIS,  farmer,  Fordyce,  Penn.,  was  born  in  Jeffer- 
son Township,  Greene  County,  February  25,  1824.  His  parents, 
Peter  and  Elizabeth  (Renner)  Morris,  are  natives  *of  this  county, 
where  they  were  married  and  remained  until  Mrs.  Morris'  death. 
Her  husband  is  still  living  and  resides  in  "Whiteley  Township.  They 
were  the  parents  of  seven  children,  of  whom  three  are  living.  Henry 
is  the  oldest  child,  and  was  united  in  marriage  May  31,  1846,  with 
Eliza  Morris,  who  was  born  in  Franklin  Township,  December  7, 
1828.  She  is  a  daughter  of  John  and  Jemima  (Pipes)  Morris,  now 
deceased.  Mr.  Henry  Morris  and  wife  have  seven  children — Caro- 
line, wife  of  Dr.  Jacob  Hatheld;  Lindsey,  John,  George  W.,  Andrew 
J,  and  Milton  R;  Franklin  being  deceased.  Mr,  Morris  is  one  of 
the  progressive  business  men  of  his  township,  in  which  he  has  been 
en2;ao:ed  in  farmins:  and  stock  dealinti:  all  his  life.  He  owns  a  fine 
farm  of  370  acres.  He  served  one  term  as  director  of  the  poor.  His 
wife  is  a  consistent  member  of  the  Methodist  Church. 

ELIJAH  MORRIS,  farmer,  Fordyce,  Penn.,  was  born  in  Jefler- 
son  Township,  Greene  County,  January  7,  1809,  a  son  of  Henry  and 
Edie  (Hickman)  Morris.  The}'  were  natives  of  this  county,  where 
they  were  married  and  lived  a  number  of  years,  then  moved  to  Noble 
County,  Ohio,  where  they  died.  Their  son,  Elijah,  was  united  in 
marriage  October  10,  1830,  with  Nancy  Morris,  a  native  of  Ohio 
and  daughter  of  Isaac  and  Mary  Morris.  By  this  marriage  Mr. 
Morris  is  the  father  of  ten  children,  seven  are  living — Peter,  Mary, 
wife  of  John  Morris;  David,  Abner,  Richard,  Simon  and  Sarah  J., 
wife  of  Eli  Stoops;  and  Andrew  J.,  Elizabeth  and  Selah  (deceased). 
Mrs.  Morris  died  in  1850,  and  in  1864  Mr.  Morris  married  Nancy 
Ketcham  (^nee  Mofford),  a  native  of  Greene  County  and  daughter  of 
William  and  Susan  Mofford.  By  this  second  marriage  Mr.  Morris 
has  one  child — Emma  E.,  wife  of  Johnson  Stickels.  Mrs.  Morris 
died  December  23,  1867.  Mr.  Morris  is  a  farmer,  and  owns  152 
acres  of  land  in  Whiteley  Township,  wiiere  he  and  family  reside. 

RUFUS  PATTERSON,  Kirby,  Penn.,  is  one  of  the  substantial 
young  farmers  of  Whiteley  Township,  where  he  was  born  August  11, 
1861.  His  father,  William  Patterson,  a  native  of  the  same  town- 
ship, was  united  in  marriage  the  first  time  with  Rhoda  Whitlatch, 
born  in  Perry  Township,  this  county.  By  this  marriage  Mr.  Will- 
iam Patterson  was  the  father  of  fourteen  children,  of  whom  ten  are 
living.  His  wife  departed  this  life  in  1852,  and  November  6,  1856, 
Mr.  Patterson  was  again  united  in  marriage  with  Sophia  Kuhn,  the 
mother  of  Rufus,  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  She  was  born  in 
Whiteley  Township,  October  29,  1815,  a  daughter  of  Abraham  and 
Eleanor  Kuhn  (^?iee  Mooney),  the  one  a  native  of  Germany  and  the 
other  of  Ireland,  who  after  marriage  settled  in  Greene  County,  Penn., 


HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  895 

remaining  until  their  death.  By  his  last  marriage  Mr.  William  Pat- 
terson is  the  father  of  two  children,  of  whom  only  Rufus  is  living. 
'Mr.  Patterson  died  May  13,  1887.  March  2,  1887,  Eufiis  married 
Emma  Connor,  who  was  born  in  Perry  Township,  this  county,  Feb- 
ruary 12,  1861,  a  daughter  of  Simon  and  Kancy  Connor  {iiee  Iler- 
rington),  who  resides  in  Wliiteley  Township.  Like  his  father,  Mr. 
Patterson  w-as  raised  on  a  farm,  and  makes  farming  the  business  of 
his  life.  He  owns  160  acres  of  land  (the  old  Patterson  home),  where 
he  and  family  reside. 

ARTHUK  SIIRIYER,  farmer, .  Kirby,  Pennsylvania.  Among 
the  younger  class  of  farmers  and  stock  dealers  of  Wliiteley  Township, 
we  mention  the  name  that  heads  this  sketch.  He  was  born  in 
Whiteley,  April  26,  1845,  his  parents  being  Jacob  and  Elizabeth 
(Inghram)  Shriver,  who  were  pioneers  of  Greene  County  where  they 
were  married,  July  5,  1831,  and  remained  through  life.  He  departed 
this  life  February  1,  1885,  and  she  February  22,  1855.  They  were 
were  the  parents  of  ten  children,  nine  living.  The  subject  of  our 
sketch  is  the  youngest  son.  1873,  on  October  2,  he  married  Miss 
Ella  Hickman,  who  was  born  in  Whiteley,  January  7,  1848.  She  is 
a  daughter  of  Gilmon  and  Phoebe  (Cloves)  Hickman,  natives  of 
Greene  County  and  residents  of  Whiteley  Township.  To  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Shriver  have  been  born  three  children,  two  living,  Minnie  M. 
and  Lizzie  P.  Mr.  Shriver  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  has  been  a 
successful  farmer  and  stock-dealer  through  life,  owning  at  present 
200  hundred  acres  of  excellent  land  where  he  lives  with  his  family. 
Mr.  Shriver  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

A.  J.  SMITH,  farmer,  Kirby,  Penn.,  born  in  Washington  Town- 
ship, December  14,  1833,  is  one  of  the  pioneers  of  Greene  County. 
His  parents  were  Dennis  and  Sarah  Smith,  who  were  natives  of  this 
county  and  residents  therein  till  death.  His  father  died  in  Mis- 
souri. In  1855,  A.  J.  Smith  married  Miss  Phoebe  J.  Estle,  born 
in  Jefferson  Township  in  1828,  a  daughter  of  Matthias  and  Mary 
Estle  {iiee  Stewart)  who  were  natives  of  this  county,  both  now  de- 
ceased. Mr.  and  Mrs.  Smith's  family  consists  of  six  children,  of 
whom  four  are  living:  Leroy  W.,  Mary  A.,  wife  of  Frank  John- 
son; Sarah  M.  and  Elizabeth  E.;  Abraham  and  Matthias  being  de- 
ceased. Mr.  Smith  was  reared  on  a  farm  and,  following  in  the  foot- 
steps of  many  of  his  ancestors,  he  has  made  the  tilling  of  the  soil  the 
pursuit  of  his  life.  He  owns  ninety-seven  acres  of  good  land  where 
he  resides  with  his  family.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Sjnith  are  faithful  mem- 
bess  of  the  Methodist  Protestant  Church. 

LISBON  STAGGERS,  retired  farmer  and  stock-dealer,  Kirby, 
Penn.,  was  born  in  Franklin  Township,  Greene  County,  December 
17,  1820,  a  son  of  John  and  Catharine  Staggers  {iiee  Maple).     His 


896  HISTORY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 

parents  were  natives  of  Franklin  Township  and  residents  there  until 
tlieir  death.  His  mother  died  in  1851,  and  his  father,  December 
16,  1882.  They  were  the  parents  of  fifteen  children,  of  whom  seven 
are  living.  Lisbon,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  is  the  fifth,  and  was 
first  united  in  marriage,  December  16,  1843,  with  Eliza  J.  Mooney, 
born  in  Franklin  Township  November  20,  1820,  a  daughter  of 
Thomas  and  Cassandra  Mooney  {iiee  Inghram),  now  deceased.  To 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Staggers  were  born  nine  children,  four  living — Cass- 
andra, wife  of  Albert  Hice;  Arthur,  Catherine  M.,  wife  of  Sebastian 
Bowlby  and  James  M.  The  deceased  are  Thomas  J.,  William  F, 
John,  Martha  E.  and  Plarvey.  Their  mother  died  May  31,  1864. 
After  her  death,  Mr.  Staggers  was  again  united  in  marriage,  Sep- 
tember 16,  1866,  with  Sarah  Thompson  {iiee  Iloge),  who  was  a 
native  of  Centre  Township,  this  county.  She  was  born  July  14, 
1835,  a  daughter  of  Joseph  and  Mary  Hoge  {iiee  Cowen)  the  latter 
deceased.  J3y  the  last  marriage  Mr.  Staggers  is  the  father  of  six 
children,  five  living — Hamon,  Alice,  Ida,  Lisbon  C,  and  Elva;  and 
Selah,  (deceased.)  Mr.  Staggers  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  has  made 
the  care  and  management  of  his  farm  his  life  work.  He  owns  300 
acres  of  good  land  where  he  and  his  family  now  live.  Both  he  and 
his  wife  are  communicants  of  the  Baptist  Church. 

LINDSEY  STEPHENS,  Kirby,  Penn,  was  born  in  Greene 
Township,  June  23,  1836,  a  son  of  Barzilla  and  Margaret  (Lautz) 
Stephens,  wdio  were  natives  of  Greene  County,  wdiere  they  were 
married  and  have  since  resided.  Mr.  Barzilla  Stephens  departed  this 
life,  April  24,  1884;  his  widow  survives  him  and  resides  with  her 
children,  of  whom  three  are  living.  Lindsey  is  the  second  of  their 
five  children,  and  was  united  in  marriage,  September  26,  1861,  with 
Margaret  Fordyce,  born  in  Whiteley  Township,  December  30,  1813, 
a  daughter  of  Benson  and  Maria  (Nicholas)  Fordyce,  the  latter  de- 
ceased. By  this  marriage  Mr.  Stephens  is  tlie  father  of  one  daughter, 
Amanda.  On  October  27,  1863,  Mrs.  Stephens  died,  leaving  to  her 
daughter  the  example  of  her  christian  character  and  consistent  life. 
On  February  23,  1865,  Mr.  Stephens  married  Elizabeth  J.  Hatfield, 
who  was  born  in  Whiteley  Township,  September  4,  1846,  a  daugh- 
ter of  George  W.  and  Mary  (Bichie)  Hatfield,  residents  of  the  same 
township.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stephens  have  a  family  of  seven  children, 
of  whom  four  are  living — Nora,  John,  James  and  Harry;  the  de- 
ceased being  Lafayette,  Ida  and  Salina.  Mr.  Stephens  has  always 
lived  on  a  farm  and  has  been  an  industrious  farmer  aad  stock-dealer 
all  his  life.  He  and  his  wife  own  975  acres  of  land  in  Whiteley 
Township.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  Masonic  Order  for  about 
thirty  years;  and  he  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church. 


HISTOKY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY.  897 

SIMON  R.  STROSNIDER,  farmer,  Waynesburg,  Penn.,  was 
born  in  Wliitcley  Township,  Greene  County,  ]V[arch  9,  1834,  a  sou 
of  Peter  and  Charlotte  Strosnider  {nee  (iordon).  His  fatlier  was 
born  in  Whiteley  and  his  mother  in  Franklin  Township.  They  were 
married  and  lived  in  Greene  County  until  1850,  after  which  time 
they  moved  to  Perry  County,  Ohio,  where  they  died.  They  had  a 
family  of  eight  children,  of  whom  seven  are  living.  Simon  R., 
their  son,  was  united  in  marriage,  October  12,  1862,  with  Sarah  A. 
Inghram,  who  was  born  in  Waynesburg,  January  11,  1818.  Her 
parents  were  Arthur  and  Susannah  Inghram  {iiee  Eagon),  natives  of 
Greene  County,  both  now  deceased.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Strosnider 
have  been  born  four  daughters,  Dolly,  Lillie  A.,  Laura  Y.  and  Lucy  O. 
Mr.  Strosnider  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  has  carried  on  the  business 
of  farming  quite  successfully  all  his  life,  at  present  owning 
120  acres  of  land  constituting  his  home  farm.  He  filled  the 
office  of  auditor  of  his  township  with  credit  to  himself  and  his 
constituents.  Dolly,  the  oldest  of  the  four  daughters  was  born 
August  26,  1864,  united  with  the  congregation  at  Mount  Pleasant 
Church,  March  13,  1881,  she  departed  this  life  at  the  home  of  her 
parents,  February  4,  1888,  she  was  loved  and  respected  by  all  who 
knew  her. 

A.  M.  TEMPLE,  farmer,  Fordyce,  Penn.,  is  a  pioneer  of  White- 
ley  Township,  Greene  County.  He  was  born  October  11,  1825,  a 
son  of  John  and  Elizabeth  Temple  {iiee  Douglass),  the  former  of 
Greene  and  the  latter  of  Fayette  County,  Penn.,  where  they  were 
married.  They  lived  at  Garard's  Fort,  Greene  County,  until  1831, 
when  they  moved  to  the  farm  where  the  subject  of  this  sketch  now 
resides.  Mr.  John  Temple  died  three  weeks  later;  his  widow  sur- 
vived him  until  1873.  They  had  a  family  of  four  children,  three 
living.  Mr.  A.  M.  Temple  was  united  in  marriage,  in  July,  1846, 
with  Lucy  Greene,  born  in  Franklin  Township,  September  13,  1829, 
a  daughter  of  Morris  and  Sarah  (Grooms)  Greene.  By  this  marriage 
Mr.  Temple  is  the  father  of  three  children — Benjamin,  living,  and 
Elizabeth  and  Rebecca,  deceased.  Mrs.  Temple  died,  June  17, 1881, 
having  been  a  faithful  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 
April  20,  1882,  Mr.  Temple  married  Mrs.  Anna  M.  Burwell,  who 
was  born  in  Jefferson  Township,  June  13,  1832,  a  daughter  of  Jacob 
and  Nancy  Waychoff,  the  former  a  native  of  New  Jersey  and  the 
latter  of  Greene  County,  Penn.  Mr.  Temple  is  a  cooper  by  trade, 
which  he  followed  about  twenty-five  years.  He  has  since  engaged 
in  farming  and  stock  raising,  and  owns  a  good  farm  of  300  acres. 
He  has  filled  the  offices  of  director  of  the  poor  and  jury  commis- 
sioner. He  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  and  his  wife 
of  the  Baptist  Church. 


IIISTOEY    OF    GREENE    COUNTY. 


JAMES  R.  ZIMMERMAN,  farmer,  P.  O.  Delight,  was  born  in 
Franklin  Township,  Greene  County,  Penn.,  September  15,  1840. 
His  parents  were  William  and  Eliza  A.  Zimmerman  {iiee  Seals), 
natives  of  the  same  township,  where  they  were  married,  settled  and 
remained  until  their  death.  He  departed  this  life,  January  21,  1852, 
and  she,  in  October  of  the  same  year.  They  were  the  parents  of  seven 
cliildren,  of  whom  six  are  living,  viz:  William  II.,  James  R.,  Caro- 
line, wife  of  Robert  McCxlumphy;  Enos,  Amia  E,  wife  of  Perry 
Cummins,  and  Vanarabiirg;  Maria,  deceased.  Like  his  ancestors, 
the  subject  of  our  sketch  was  raised  on  a  farm,  and  has  always  been 
engaged  in  farming  and  stock-dealing.  Through  industry  and  good 
management  he  has  succeeded  in  getting  a  good  farm,  consisting  of 
225  acres,  where  he  resides. 


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