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Small  Talk  Series,  No. 


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BEHNING    &    SON 


MANUFACTURERS   OF 


BEHNING 


^rumi  ^qnniy  itml  ffifnglif 


L. ... 


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PIAN 


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Awarded  Two  Grand  Gold  Medals  of  Honor,  111.  State  Fair,   187^^. 


Received  Highest  Award  Centennial  Exposition,   1876. 
-^  «-^ 

Awarded  Highest  Premuirn  Missouri  State  Fair,  October,   i88x. 
Awarded  Grand  Gold  Medal  of  Honor  Atlanta  Exposition,  Dec.   1881. 


WARER00MS.-I4th  St.,  cor.  5th  Ave.  and  129  E.  125th  St. 
FACT0RY.-l24thSt,  and  1st  Ave. 

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BEHNING    &    SOxN 


MANUFACTURERS    OF 


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^P[ANOS,-^^®# 


Awarded  Two  Grand  Gold  Medals  of  HoLOr,  ill.  State  Fair,   1874. 


Received  liighest  Av>'ard  Centennial  Exposition,  1876. 


Awarded  Hi^hcot  Prer:iui:n  Missouri  State  Fair,  October,   1881. 
Awarc'ed  Gra,;d  Gold  Medai  of   Honor  Atlanta  Exposition,  Dec.   1S81. 


WASEBOOMS.-14'h  St..  cor.  5!h  !m.  and  129  E.  125th  St. 
FACT0RY.-l24thSt.  mid  1st  Ave. 


•^     ■         A    LECTURE' 

THE 

History  of  Harlem 


—  UT 


COL.    A'^S.   CALDWELL. 


An  H:hi..i  i«  .'t.  KxEHAm-x  i/£M\Ei.Et>  at  Hahi^m  Mcsic  Halt,,  Apiul  2'Im, 

18!r2,   BKKORK    K    VERT    LAROE    AND    UK  ;lLi    APPHECIATIVK  -  jj  ^ 

ACDIEKCE.  [ 


THE  GREATEST  SUCCESS  OF  FIFTY  LECTURES. 


IT  LMPTIACES    1    irui,    AND    SCi.'CI.VC."    IIISTCHT    OF    TWO    IICKPKED  A>T>  7i>h1V- 

JDhtE    TCiRH,    GIVISQ    SllRhlNiJ    EVKNTS    OT   THB    HbVCLCTIoN- ;  IHZ 

NEW  PETTXEMJCNT  OP  UA):LEM;  STKCOOLtS  WITH  THE  ISDTkKH; 

VEfiCtlD^TlOit  or  OI.D  LiS'DMAhKS  Sm  I^  BTANMJfG  ; 

IMrHoVEMEXTE    OF    RAJILEM   CO.NTnASTED 

WITH    THE    "hEW    HARLKM,"    AKD 

M4VY   AMCSINO  XNECrOTES. 

TOOEIJIKK  WITH  APPHNDIX  OF  HISTORY  OF   NEW  YOKK, 

ritOM  1596  TO  1G74. 

ALSO  A  BUSINESS  DIKECTOnY  OF  HAPLEM.  i| 

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NEW    YORK: 


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1982.  '..  ■<•-■'■/  *J  i. 

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PREFACE. 


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In  prfsentiug  this  b<»(.»k  to  our  Patrons,  ami  a  ^jcnerous  Public, 
but  little  need  be-  siid.  The  Lecture  eraenatinjj  from  the  vcell 
kuowi.  ability  of  Col.  CaMwcll,  as  a  writ^^r  an<l  public  si^eaker,  will 
coniuiend  itself  to  every  lover  of  history;  it  being  a  coinplcte  naira- 
tive  of  Hirleifl,  cn-i  told  iu  an  enterlaiuinjj  style.  Of  tbe  entire 
lecture  c  -urse  of  ♦he  Yoanjj  ilen's  Hebrew  Association  of  Harlem, 
of  about  fiftv  in  uuMiber,  delivered  in  Music  H.ill  last  vnnttr 
Ijy]  prominent  speflkei  the  lecture  of  CoL  Caldwell  drew  forth  the 
liirgest  and  mo^L  intelligent  audience,  was  the  finest  delivered,  and 
received  the  greatest  plaudits.  It  wa3  a  ooinplete  and  triuinpliant 
success  in  the  lectuve  iield,  and  was  followed  by  an  imperative  de- 
mand for  the  pablic.ition  of  the  lecture.  Col.  Caldwell  gave  ^-.z,  ■^/ce 
of  charge,  his  manuscript,  to  whom  we  offer  our  public  thanks. 

Tliis  History  d^^tails  the  discovery  of  Htirlem,  the  early  pioneer's 
siraj;glGs  with  the  Indians;  formation  of  "  New  Harlem  Village  " 
it'.id^its  government  ;  slirnng  incidents  of  the  Revolution — one  of 
the^'reatcst  battles  thereof;  old  laud -marks  of  the  village  and  the 
liCvolulion  now  standing  ;  humorous  and  amusing  anecdotes  ; 
progress  of  tradesmen  and  mechanics;  the  good  results  which  wiU 
arise  from  the  Harlem  River  Improvement,  and  much  other  valua- 
ble infonnatioB  as  to  dates  ond  liistoiieal  incidents  not  heretofore 
publi.shcd.  Embracing  a  peiiod  of  incidents  Kince  1039  io  date — 
213  years  (137  years  prior  to  the  Revolution.) 

Also  an  iuterosLing  appended  history  of  New  York,  from  1598 
to  1(574. 

Also  a  Business  Directory  of  the  leading  business  firms  in  Har- 
lem, all  of  which  will  be  valuable  iiifoi-mation  to  every  inhabitant 
of  llauhattan  Island. 

PERKINSON  k  JOHNSON, 

'"•'.'  Publishers. 

Harlem,  July,  1862, 


■ii. 


1 


NOTICES    OF    THE    PRESS. 

[Fi-ryr,:  t!r§  Ui^trirt  Cfirt  nz-ecr^i] 

Oi  bfirg  introdarea  by  Prer/ulont  Oiinalho,  of  tbe  Y  M.  H.  .V.  of  ILirl^m, 
r?.e  C?!onpl  vne  rc-eeivcd  with  iiiiiupcso  appl^aee,  and  entered  iran^e- 
■^iVelv  vyon  bis  '^•orl;.  ju  ft  lond  and  dihtii^ft  voi-jp.  wMcblie  l..-:d  for  one 
ho-.?  ii.1  y.  half,  oncliiicirt;  the  large  nnd  intellige-^t  aadieacf;  V-y  thrilling  in- 
c:d<J"!  of 'hoEev.i'ulion  in  Harlem  ;  how  the  v.bue  f^ttlers  f;rt:;:_;!eJ_^Hiih 
Ihc  ^Virif  ini-.fi  137  jears  prior  to  iLt  Revolufior.,  and  giviii.*:  a  li^t  '>t  ihe  pro- 
t;en'.t  .-rs  of  tae  preHf.'\t  in'>«t  prominent  r.ri^ceadants  of  HHr'rm  s.'ia  their 
tL»jrac',"^r;ttic6.  *  •  •  *  'I'jj^  C'IoupI    mms  at   tiaies 

tra';-  f \">  j^iOut.  arousing  Lie  Tienrara  to  the  highest  pitcli  of  tethisf-.jni ;  ,\U'\  it 
:s  c.-^I'.nt  tjiat  Vie  will  sooa  l.ocoiufi  a  very  p*pu'.i\r  lociurer.  laVriiig  tb'.-;  d-ruon- 
ftTF.t'  'J  Rr>.  ")L;g  )i:i<  iiuir.c-ron^  fricndu,  und  wbt-re  h<?  :i  well  kn':>*Ti;  as  .i  '^rittr 
sL-i  r-T;b)ic  6j)eakcr. 

I/Vr,rii  f'rf  .V.   )'.  SUr.] 

51  «^c  Hi'.l,  Harloiu,  w-/:s  filled  Inst  night  with  a  fiae  ar..iMcc8,  to  boir  a  ]ec- 
tit-WCnouo\A.h.  Cild\reli  on  "liarleui,  its  History-  and  Prf>>p^r!tT." 
M?.-/ of  ti.'i  dosceuJaritsof  tn9  ourly  s^ltlerH  vrere  -preiient,  i%ud  eld  Dutch 
2aa:r=  abounded,  both  ia  the  lecture  and  in  the  h.iost. 

[Frnn  tie  flnr'fhi  /ic-orc?.] 
A '■e-ct^r.i  wa'5  delivered  oa  irof'.dttj  •rersing  at  Kivle.'Q  Muiic  HiU  ^j  CoL 
A.  3.  C'd  Ixe'd  on  "  Oirlein  ns  It  Was.  as  It  Ir,  and  t.'5  It  Will  D«."  There 
W5..5  o  c-7.dh'  attendance  of  piople,  n^any  of  th**)!;  beirj  the  representatives  of 
the  o!J  Harlem  families.  The  lecture  Vii  u  good  etf_>r1,  re^tctiag  cre-lit  on 
the  psilent  research  and  indiifctr/  of  the  l«>;tnrer. 

[Fro;n  the  W<  ii(/-tieiter  Tiii.tJi]^ 
A 'rTj  interesting lcct\ire  on  the  Tlirtory  of  Harlem  was  dolUered  Mouday 
eTcn'iiij.  at  H'lrlem  iliisic  K.iH,  m.der  the  lu.spiots  of  the  Ycnr.g  jile:/s  He- 
brf.-  As--v-.iH*ioi;  -if  >f:iilom,  by  C  >!onel  Alonzo  B.  CJdwoU.  The  l:?.il  vrhs 
croJrdei  ?.itu  fiu  attentive  i'.tid:<?»ice,  ft  great  many  of  '.vhom.  no  da-i!.i.  were 
d^^-^endints  of  th*  early  fi^ltiora.  The  lecture  is  entirely  oHjinftl  with  CwL 
CsMwt'I,  and  th^.t  gcntlot-iau  dtsvrves  great  f  redit  for  the  r.u'ns  he  has  I  e- 
rtoi^el  on  th'.'  snbjoct,  for,  bcsidefe  searching  thro.iijh  old  d.^e'imeiits,  Iftiers, 
et?.,  bi  haa  thor  );igh!y  oaiivas'ed  the  wh.'ile  diftrict  whcs^a  hi.-1f.ry  he  c^:^es 
'uic  r.roi:ght  Uip.uy  historical  fat-ts  to  light.  The  Colonel  spoke  in  &  loud, 
TC-ice,  di-^tii-cUy  audible  in  every  part  uf  the  hall,  fi.nd  appl:.iuie  Tr.t  frequent. 
He  ;'.tr:.dr.ced  i/.any  hviiaorons  Hiories,  which  he  told  in  a  f;iDay  minr:«^r,  and 
h"Is  ditc^irM  •vai  thus  reli'ivc-d  of  the  to^inrn  gcnerrtll}-  oipLTic-nccd  at  •»»!  his- 
t-ur^ca]  lr»tnr&  and  the  audience  wi^s  kept  in  g'>od  bamor. 

[from  (he  ,V.   V.  7iiJ.-p^nl''iiL} 
T!^e  Cv'ouel  held  the  attoutiou  cJ  bis  bearers  unringthe  bonr  ^nd    ^  lis.lf  cc- 
cr.y^iel,  ar.d  was  fre<]neutly   iutcmii"ted   by    long  coi;tinned    and    Lc-Arty  ap- 
plscii.     He  Fhowed   a  keen  appreciation  of  hie  suhje^t,    and  handJed   the 
M»a9  w:th  &  Jjafterlj  skill, 

[From,  tht  .Y.  r.  Tnb-iw.] 

ColM-d  A.  B  Caldwell  leoturodla«t  night  at  the  Harlem  Mumc  Hdll,  Third 
Aven'^^.  and  I'.jOth  Street,  on  the  early  sc' lie  uent  of  Harlem  village.  He  de- 
tai;r-<i  !:.:docti»  CfiacprniDg  5 td  government,  its  e-irly  inhabit.Tntfi,  and  its  old 
bJBf'rlr  !a::dn>^rks,  many  of  which  are  now  standing.  He  closed  Tii:h  the 
pre-jieiloi  t^l»-t  the  H>>rlem  Kiver  im])ro  -eniinte  now  going  on  will  rr.-'J:* 
Hai-ic^  the  lCo^t  j'l.'portaut  centre  of  the  inf'tropolis.  A  li*rj;e  andienc«  wa* 
present. 


\ 


LECTURE  ON  HARLEM. 


Mr.  Pr^<U'.-i}(,  /.2'?jW  a'  I  G-:n'l.imen  :  — 

By  tbe  kindiies-s  aivl  c.>urle^;  'A  tlie  p  ipiibir  Young  Men's 
Iltbrow  iosocittiou  of  fliiL^ai,  i  'i  tre  the  huuor  to  stfiini  before 
voiv  this  oveLiug  to  vluliv-r  an  •  -Jtv,  but  u-'ith  ;;o  little  embarrass-* 
iae;it,  as  \he\  Iiave  given  ir.?  tbfiiio  for  discour>e  morf  suitc-l  for 
clJer  residents  of  ^-T  .rl.Tc.  •.-.•.J  abler  speakers  wuo  arc  here  to-night, 
and  could  give  their  .subj  ct  mor'»  e'vbidU^ihujents,  aud  render  its 
aunuls  uaoreatfr.ictiv*'       '.  entertaining.  - 

Ho^'cver,  0  -  a  cH-.zen  d  this  historic  soil,  I  will  :nrike  luy  best 
er.de.ivors  not.  to  weary  your  p.itience,  nor  recount  facts  which  are  | 

not  fuliv  ;iuihei;Iit".ted  l»y  truthful  ]i;st-->iy.  T'«  My  subject  thon, 
•■•  Ilarkni,    Its   Pa  i   His'  vry;  Its  Prirsent  and  Future  Prosperity."  ' 

Ii  would  Vt'-  a  1  Jg  story  to  trace  the  ancestry  of  the  Harlem 
pionecri?;  if  w  >  ild  carr\'  u-  btck  to  the  fi'hf^rlaiids,  to  the  great 
lu'.rU  a  J<1  to  s:o:ue  of  the  obscure  homes  of  [I>ilaiid,  Belgium,  and 
Nur'.i-.-ni  France — amid  tiieir  anti'Uie  remains  and  rare  works  of 
:ir*,  the  btundard  wonders  of  tourists  from  eviTy  clime  in  the  \vorld.  [ 

The  astuunding  discoveriv.s  of  Columbus  in  the  dfLe.  nth  century 
had  opened  up  a  u^w  field  forniaritime  adventure  in  this  then  vast 
w  Idcrntjss  of  ours.  It  was  the  heroic  enterprise  of  the  merchants 
and  mariners  of  tiie  F)-ench  fiieaj^iorts  under  Louis  XII.,  which  first 
thorough'y  exi^lored  the  yorfh  Americ.m  coast  rind  discovered  that 
e\hr.u?.t'.  bs  mine  of  wealtli  in  tlie  Xiwfoundland  fisheries  of  the 
New  ^.  Olid. 

The  idea  of  colonizing  Aniericd,  slumbered  ic  Finance  durinfT  its 
ci  il  wars,  and  wii<5  revived  in  the  time  of  Henry  the  Fourth, 
•fence  Cha:n-;laiii  in  l'"OS,  f'..uuded  Quebec,  the  first  pfrmanent 
Eurcjiear  col  jnj  in  N  jrth  Ato^  ricA. 


6  LrCrURE  OK  H'JiLKM. 

ll(.)ll.iutl  now  ajipcare  on  the  scene  as  a  rivnl  fi«lventuicr  And  ex 
plorer,  having  en?  ichcJ  hfi-stlf  in  the  Ea.-t  lii-Txa  trade.  Hudsori 
an  Englishn'an,  who  hr.d  discovered  fUe  f;imous  river -which  stiJ 
hcivs  hi.:?  nn.ine,  sold  his  ni.^li- s  of  discoT».i-ie:-  here  to  the  Hollanders 
when  her  raorclMnts  and  oijv.tnlists  f.ttod  hiiu  out  at  Amstt  rdara  ii 
1009,  and  he  made  fvutherexpior  I'ions  np  the  river,  nnd  led  U 
the  fonnation  of  the  celehrated  "  Du'oa  '^est  India  Compan^v;"'  aD< 
ia  1023,  thcfir.st  colonists,  cou.-isting  of  French  and  Walloons,  wh( 
were  driven  by  war  and  j.>cr.-?ccuti'^'n,  to-A'  refuse  ou  the  banks  o 
the  Hudson  River.  From  this  s'liall  Ix-gi'iniufr  grew  the  great  stat< 
Ne*.v  York,  the  "  Empire  of  the  Union." 

Before  I  conie  to  the  Har'cm  feKtleinont,  ploase  indulge  me  in  j 
brief  retrospective  review.  It  Ls  ai  old  error  cherished  in  thi 
loc.Uity  that  the  fou'ider?  of  Harlem  all  came  from  Holland 
Thev  came  from  several  parts  of  T^'est^?'n  Eurr.pe — from  the  sunu' 
plains  of  France,  and  from  the  fir-dad  hill?  of  Scandinavia.  Danes 
S.vedes  and  Norwegians,  in  /aith  Lntli-eran?. — men  of  integrity,  an( 
n.sf  d  to  toil  and.  V.,„,  "o'iips.  Tut  hi'^e  rroportii.'n,  hov.-ever,  wen 
iioiiandors  and  French  Hngiunots.  Ams.  '., .»  was  the  grea 
commercial  mart  of  Holland,  the  point  of  immigration  to  the  "Xev 
Netherlands,"  which  tr  ict  r-£  luid  the-j  cilkd,  covered  New  Eng 
liud  through  to  Virginia,  in'.-luding  New  York  city,  the  "Nev 
Anistordam." 

Your  time  and  2)aticnce  woi;l  1  not  -.Olu'v  loc  to  pjictnre  the  causei 
which  led  all  of  our  Xovc  York  or  Harlem  ].ioueei-s  to  seek  thii 
land — to  sunder  the  national  ties  of  ta-:;ir  respective  Fatherlands 
aftif  many  struggles  for  civil  and  religions  hberly,  and  to  escap< 
va&aelago.  Tliis  you  can  Cnd  ii:  history.  I  am  limited  to  loca 
facts — to  deal  with  H  ivluin  rs  it  ira<,  i--;  and  what  it  i^  to  become. 
Although  this  is  an  historic d  essiy,  I  must  leave  the  dry,  heavj 
annal?  t-^  the  historian.  The  objects  ."'f  hihtorj  are  not  merely  the 
recording  of  facts.  The  world, — a^  its  distant  tnd  widely-  extend- 
ing climes,  with  their  peculiarities  of  eituatiou  and  climate,  make 
together  one  great  whole, — so  t::at  the  events  that  have  hajipened 
in  it,  which  arc  happening,  aul  wh.ich  will  h.-.ppen,  are  closely 
terwov'jn,  as  it  were,  into  one  anbivkou  threa'h  The  past  has 
,vl  iis  influence  in  forming  the  pre^ont^  TLe present  is  opcr-iting 
^nightily   on   the   future.     Hi^^tory   may,  ye^,  it   niu.^   note  down 


^  \  LECTll:E  ON  IIAI.UIM. 


I' 

I 

,1 


events,  when  an-1  whcro  (bey  occur.    It  must  infoim  us  of  Cosar,  { 

of  Leoni(1:is,  of  Couepait,  Croiinvcll  unJ  AYiiiliiugton,  aaJ  otlier  ^M' 

great  men, — wlioii   they   lived,    what   Ji^rlingaibUed   actions  tlicy  ; 

achieved,  what  kuJ  tLey  bk-ssed  or  ruined,— how  they  rose,  and  Ij! 

Low  they  ftlL     It  must  alao  take  uoticc  of  the  siualler  chai-acters^  ' 

who  iake  part  in  the  greit  drama  of  Life.     And  how  beautiful,  .]. 

how  grand,  how  euaobluig  is  this  view  of  mankind  and  their 
doings.     Age3  have  rolled  on— generation  has   succeeded  gener-  jij 

ation,  but  the  tie  that  connects  man  with  his  fellow  man,  has  never  i' 

been  severofh     Tliey,  vrho  have  gone  before,  by  their  gradual  ad-  [,'■ 

vancenaeut,  have  contributed  to  place  us  where  we  are  ;  and  we,  ."| 

in  our  turn,  are  but  cnrrying  on  the  same  great  enterprise  of  im- 
provement, in  wliich  the^'  have  laboro'L  There  is  not  a  great 
event  in  the  aunals  of  the  world,  wherever  or  by  whom  achieved, 
that  has  ceased  to  operate,  or  that  ever  will.  There  is  not  a  dia- 
tingaished  character, — be  it  for  his  viiiues,  or  his  crimes, — ■'Tho 
has  ever  trod  ujjou  the  earth,  who  does  not  yet  live  in  tlie  good  or 
ill  iri'''nence  of  li's  life.  Is  it  net  a  pleasant  thought,  that  men  of 
p.ll  ages,  and -all  nationa,  are  thus  felloe'  laborers,  arc  thus  brethren? 
Is  it  not  a  high  and  interesting  duty,  which,  in  this  view,  history 
has  in  charge? 

T'le  present  is  a  revolutionary  age.  The  political  elements  r^e^m 
everywhere  in  motion, — and  all  are  busy,  cither  as  actors  in,  or 
sp-ectatoj-s  of,  the  great  work,  n?  it  is  called,  of  rtforia.  And  while 
nev,-  revolutions  are  iu  i^rogross,  old  ones  are  becoming  the  themes 
of  conversation,  and  the  subjects  of  research.  Men  are  going 
back  to  the  ancient  baltlefiolds  of  their  fellow  men,  —studying  the 
principles  which  gave  birth  to  their  uprisings,  noting  the  conuee-  ' 
tious  of  remarkable  events,  and  writing  the  lives  of  the  leadeiu  of 
revolution.s.     All  this  is  natural,  it  is  well,  it  is  ju.st,  it  is  right. 

But  to  resume.  The  opportunities  for  tra.'fic  in  furs  on  the  Hud- 
son, the  flattering  advantages  for  peaceable  homes  and  lovely  land- 
BCiipes,  an:l  an  a^-quisition  for  riches,  h:^d  long  attracted  Holland  and 
other  countries  to  emigrate  to  "  New  Aiiisterdam,"  or  the  I'-land 
of  New  York,  or  what  the  Indians  called  it,  MaamhaUa,  .signifying 
the  "  Red  lion's  Home."  Our  early  settlers  hero  wero  net  cri.'nin- 
als,  esv'aping  from  justice,  nor  speculators  allured  by  plunder,  nor 
vagabonds  exiled  fioiu  their  native  lauds,  but  fhey  were  honect, 


8 


LHOTUrE  ON  HAril-TM. 


iut?l;i.-cijt,  Jiiird-'.vorking  na*!  useful  citizens,  wliose  love  for  civil 
nn\  religious  libe; ty,  ana  thoir  devotiou  to  their  roligious  toneta 
were  further  incentives  ^vhlch  inJuc-rd  theio  to  leave  trrrtunj  and 
Keek  what  his  ever  .since  been  cillod  the  ''  Asylum  of  tlie  Op- 
prefssed,"  or,  ia  a  more  poetic  sense, 

"  The  l.iud  cf  t}i?  free  au']  tlie  Lor;ie  of  tbe  brave." 

I  will  o>uit  the  details  uf  Hudb on's  explorations  of  Long  Inland, 
N^'A'  y  >rk  and  the  Hudson  River  ;  that  on  the  spot  now  called  the 
"  i>.dlr-ry,"'   tlie  "  Fort  AvinsterJ.iiu  ''  was  then   built   to   protect 
tuo  traders   in     lOLi  ;  that    up    to   1050.   New   Y-nt   contained 
oaiv  120  houses  and  1,0"IO  inhabitants  ;    how  the  Dutch  siurreu- 
derod  to  the  ER^"ii?>h,  and    afforwiids    recaptured    thoir    beloved 
city,  "nd  .s  .on  afterwai- 1?  eel?,!  it  to  the  EuLdish  bv    trealv,  on 
co'jo'.usion  of  the  war  bjtw^eu  Idollaiki  and  En^Iiud  ;  nor  tlie  fi'e- 
0  i"iit,  ooiifl  cts  betwoea  the  ludians  and  tha  white  men  of  those 
diiy'i  ;  iiow  th.'  tea  wa.-^  served  out  (as  was  tiaid)  of   ''juij  stic  d(>ii 
teapot'i,  oruanx'^ntC'l  with  jnctures  of  fat   little  Dutch   sboj'herds 
Aod   shc^j^herdr-ssr^a  tendin.^   pigs  ;    how    the   beaux  distingui.shed 
rai;iiiielve-,bj  their  aJroitness  in  replenishing  this  pot  from  a  huge 
copp  -r  t(.  i-]:ettle,  ',vhich  woildhavo  i.ja.la  the  pigmy  luacaroaios  of 
J.hes3  digeuirate  d.iys  p^r.-pae  m'irclj-  to  look  at.     To  sweeten  the 
beverage,  a  lamp  of  ?'igar  was  liid  V»3.side  each  cup.  au<l  the  com- 
pany Hlternatily  nibbh.-d  anl  sippjd  with  great  decorum,  until  a 
shrewd  ;tuT  or  jrvimii.  Dutch  vrow  invented  an  iuiproveuiriit,  which 
v,'.u  1 1  suspend  a  I'.rge  la. up  of  sugar  directly  over  the  tea  table, 
b.y  a  :-trii!g  fr.j:u  the  celling,  ao  that  it  could  b>j  swucg  from  mouth 
t/>  n>OLt!h.     T.'iere  was  no  tiiiting  or  co.-]uctting  in  those  days— no 
ga.ubijlling  of  old  ladies,  u  u*  hoyden  chattering  and  romping  of 
young  ones  -n  ,  s^lf-aitisneJ  'itrultiogsof  wealthy  geutlenien,"  with 
Tuoro  ce'it.i  in  their  pockets  than  6-''iv;  in  their  heads,  nor  amusing 
conceits  and    monkoy   divertisements   of  smart  young  gentlemen, 
w;;a   u^   brains   at  all.     No  fist  hoists  and  defalcations  in  banks, 
nor  swindled  treasuries.     Tiien  the  young  men  earned  the   dollars 
and  th3  fathers  s.aved  them  ,  but  now  the  father?  earn  the  fortunes 
and  Ihcir  sons  and  d  lughters  spend  them  !     On  the  contrary,  the 
voung  ladies  of  our  c-a-ly  -lavs '•' sjatcd  themselves  demurely  in 
tholr  r!ishd)oitomed  chairs  and  knit  their  woolen  hose,  nor  scircely 


'^•,V- 


LECTURE  OX  HAKLKM. 


opeuotl  their  months  excsptingj  to  cat,  a'i<\  to  say,  '  Yah,  injnh.-r,' 
to  c-verj  tj'icstiua  aslcej  of  them  ;  behavioj  iu  all  things  like  de- 
cent, 'svcil  o>luo,ito.I  JaiQsels.  iu  true  IlolhiU'l  ptyle.  As  to  the  gen- 
tleuien,  each  of  ihoiu  tranquilly  smoUrJ  his  pipe  and  seemed  lost 
iu  contcinplitloa  of  tlic  blue  and  white  tile-;  with  whi<'h  the  fire- 
places wero  decon^tcd  ;  whoroin  .>uiidiy  passa^'es  of  Scnpture  were 
portrayed-  Tol>:t  acd  his  dog  figured  to  great  advantage  ;  Raman 
swuQff  cousnicuoiisly  and  ncrvotisl}-  on  his  pfibbet,  and  Jonah 
appeared  most  r;j;iufally  bomicing  out  of  the  wh:de  Jike  harlequin 
through  a  barrel  of  lire  ! 

The  fair  daoisi's'  hair,  models  of  untorfured  abniuinations  of 
modfTu  art,  ■\v;is  ?crupuloa->ly  poiaitumed  back  from  their  fore- 
heads With  candle-grease,  covered  with  little  cajjs  of  quilted  calico, 
which  fitted  esitctly  to  their  heads."  Those  were  good  old  honest 
days,  \rh(n  ?slary  .kaa  gossipei-s  were  unknown,  Avery  woman  staid 
at  home  and  read  her  Ihble,  tenuod  her  o»\u  babies,  scorned  all 
lap  J')>;s,  and  wore  large  side  pockets  to  carry  about  ordinary  house- 
hold utr-nsils,  such  us  big  shears,  pot  houks,  wooJen  ladles,  iron 
spoons  and  clay  ^nuff  boxes. 

We  now  leave  the  "  down  town  "  of  ManhattfvU  and  go  to  the 
"  East  end"'  as  the  JIarlem  bergers  termed  it  then.  Tlie  Indians 
had  full  mastery  of  the  forest  hereabout.  Tlic-ir  hickoix  bovys 
wei-e^  six.  feet  long,  and  when  puUeJ  on  man  or  beast,  few  escaped 
the  Jea^irTarrpw  TheyTTvoTrljy  fishing  and  hunting,  and  clothed 
theirljolies  wiih  the  skins  of  animals,  and  covered  their  huts  with 
the  barks  of  trees.  They  used  flint  or  stone  hatchets,  and  stone 
pipes  for  smoking  tobacco.  There  were  two  races,  the  Manettuea, 
on  this  side  of  Hirlem  Rivera  aiid,  on  the  other  side,  in  Wctches- 
ter  county,  the  Wickquaskci'ks,  "When  the  v/hite  man's  axe  com- 
menced to  fell  iras  on  the  Island,  and  thatched  houses  were  beino' 
built,  tiiese  dusky  creatures,  as  they  passed  to  and  fro  on  their 
trading  expeditious,  eyed  with  surprise  and  displeasure  the  incur- 
sions and  inroals  ma-.le  upon  their  ancient  hunting  grounds  by  the 
"  pale  faces."  The  howl  of  the  wolf,  t'le  plaintive  scream  of  the 
panther  and  the  shrill  yell  of  tjje  redman,  often  disturbed  the  death- 
hke  stillness  of  night,  striking  terror  to  the  hearts  of  the  suddenly 
awaker^ed  sleepers  of  this  locality. 

Although  AVm.  Kieft  was  Governor  of  {he  "  New  Netherlands," 


I        ; 


10  LL-OTUKE  ON  UAKLKM. 

-\vliicli  includetl  all  of  tbis  ixart  of  the  country,  the  Imliims  dis- 
puteil  his  i-iglit  cither  to  the  huui  or  their  jjoverurneut  here,  and 
HcLiiow'lodgeJ  uo  ]uler  except  "  ]\Ianitto,"  an  imaginary  "  Great 
Spirit,"  fr..^m  v.hom  they  trailit.ionally  beh'eved  they  had  emanated, 
and,  f<.s  Jiltorigine!?,  the}'  possessed  tliis  soil,  and  declared  :  "  White 
man  :io  good  ;  Indian  drive  oft'  pale  faces."  This  savage  hatred 
was  Hoon  raanifested  against  onr  first  settler:^,  as  I  shall  fnll^'  show. 
Captain  Jochiem  Picter.-ron  Knyter,  of  Holstein,  who  had  formerly 
comniaiided  in  the  East  Indies,  for  the  King  of  DenraarV, 
with  his  fiiond  Jonas  Bronck,  and  their  respective  families,  came 
here  by  way  of  An!i:terdam",''in  1G30.  Knyter  was  a  hravf.,  adven- 
turous man,  fmoly  edi.""ated,  and  possessed  of  C'^iisider^ible  means;' 
He  brought  v.ilh  him  laborers  and  a  g(>od  breed  of  eatde.  To  find 
immediato  grazing  for  his  stock,  he  obtained  a  grant  of  land  from 
Governor  Kieft,  callod  by  the  Indians,  "  Schor.ikin,"  lying  along 
the  Hai'lem  River,  comprising  about  400  a'-res.  He  built  a 
thatchcd-vo. 'f  dwelling  and  out-buildings,  enclosed  all  with  a  high 
palisade  fei;ce,  as  protection  against  tlie  savages  and  wild  beasts. 
He  called  his  Boweric  or  Plantation,  Zf/jcndaJ,  or  "  Vale  of  Bless- 
ing," or  in  other  wor^is,  "  Happy  Valley.''  This  land  lay  in  the 
vicinitv  between  East  107  to  ll?-Lh  Streets,  and  from  Haidem  River 
to  3rd  Avenue.  Knyter  and  his  white  followers  had  terrible  strug- 
gles with  theladiani  The  red  men  '.vere  as  savage  as  their  cous- 
ins, the  woiTCs  and  bears,  and  when  tliis  bestial  trio  fought  for  the 
products  of  the  forest,  the  white  men  locked  on  as  complacently 
and  as  indiiT-rently  as  the  Hoo?>ior  did  wl:ea  his  wife  fought  the 
"  bar,"  he  "  didn't  care  a  darn  winch  whipped  " 

The  ludiins,  in  lG.j3,  burned  Kuyter's  house  during  the  absence 
of  hiivisolf  and  family.  He  soon  built  up  3gain  and  went  oir 
bravely,  l.eeping  a  watchful  eye  npjn  the  Indians  and  tilling  his 
plantation,  and  bringing  it  into  a  high  state  of  cnltiv;iiion.  By  his 
winnmg  manners,  and  obliging  the  Indians  on  individual  occasions, 
he  had  dispelled  much  of  their  personal  animosity  towards  him, 
when  Governor  Kieft,  by  a  most  impolitic  act,  fired  the  entire  Indian 
TT.ce  with  indignation  ;  by  lev\ing  upon  them  a  tax,  and  demand- 
ing their  corn,  fur  and  S-uranf.,  (or  vinnprm)  in  payment  This 
sew.mt  was  Indian  nione%,  made  by  tabular  beads  of  pieces  of 
conch  shells,  and   faftened  on   skins,  cloth   ")r  canvas.     For  many 


I 


->  I.ECTCKE  OX  HAni.E>L  Ti. 

years  our  earl 3-  .settlers  usc-<l  this  sort  of  raoucj  in  coinniorcial 
tr.in-aotions,  :'.nd  tvc-ji  for  church  c(-utrlb:.ui..>ns.  Only  think,  of 
to-'l:iy,  Colonel  Hamuel  "W'aklron,  who  ruw  .sits  ..>u  this  plalform,  a 
liiioal  tksccD.laut  of  the  gront  Barou  Resulv.d  Wi.u'.roji,  (^an  early 
pioneer  of  Ilavloia)  stulling  headed  canvas,  on  Sunday,  into  the  con- 
tribotioQ  box  of  "  Jiraniy  Wood's?  church." 

Tlie  Indians  f^rev;  nioro   and  more  restive   and  troul'^lesome  as 
their  tnyxa  were  onfcrced.     The  whito  r.U'n  had  to  carry  arms,  a<j  k 

the  red  lucu  were  coufttantly  in  ainbvisli,  and  had  s.voru  "  to  root  jj 

( at  the  DuLfh."  They  ruthlesslv  killed  off  several  nhite  bottlers 
snd  burut-d  'holi*  cabiuf?,  and  believing  that  Ki]\Itr  could  have 
inl'.uencod  a  decrease  iu  their  taxes,  or  had  a  baud  in  the  imposi- 
tif  )n,  they  resolved  to  ninv  ler  hirn.  The  "Week^quakeek  ( Weschester) 
Indians,  oaine  over  st'ia'tbily  in  canoes,  at  midnight,  in  1054.,  and 
shot  blanng  arrows  iiito  his  thatched  roof,  and  as  he  came  out  in 
frant  of  his  burninrr  tl\vo]iin«j  and  bravelv  faced  the  sava;re  euemief* 
they  pierced  hita  to  the  heail  with  aiTows,  and  he  f<.'il  doa<l,  which 
was  a  jnuurnful  loss  to  the  white  settlers.  His  wife  and  children, 
by  going  out  the  back  v,ay,  esc;i.ped  in  the  forest,  and  thus  saved 
their  lives. 

Other  settlers  of  pr«;jaiuence  had  arrived  in  Ilailem,  almost  co- 
tcniporaneous  with  Kayter,  such  as  Isaac  De  Forrest,  Dr.  Johau- 
nca  De  La  MoLi-agae,  Jonkheer  Van  Curler,  etc  Isaac  was  the 
ancostur  of  all  tlie  De  Forrest s  hereabout.  He  stttlod  on  the 
'•'  Fkts,"  \>as  a  tobacconist,  a  brewer,  became  a  member  of  the 
"  Bc'ird  of  S'.-lec<7nen,"  held  several  other  j-vublic  cflic-^s,  and  died 
in  1074.  Y.'iQ  Curler  came  over  with  Van  Tv.ilhjfr  (subsequently  a 
Du-octor  General,)  possssscd  the  "  Otter  spoor,"  situated  north  of 
"  Mill  Creek,"  at  lOSth  Street,  and  extending  from  Harlem  River  .  .|  j 
to  5th  Avenue.  It  lay  next  to  De  Forest's  plantation.  Dr. 
^fontagne  v,a.<»  a  French  Hugenot,  and  it  is  safe  to  say  that  he 
was  the  most  learned  scientist  on  Majihatfan  Island*  and  his  ability 
was  roui-ted  l>y  the  highest  in  power.  Governor  Kieft  appointed 
him  commander  of  a  battallion  of  soldiers  which  the  Doctor  raised 
himself,  and  he  set  out  in  pursuit  of  the  Indians.  He  fought  the 
dusky  races  from  Long  Tidand  to  Harleir.,  a^i^d  drove  the  a^ri^htened 

t 


wretches  to  AVliife  Plains,  throe ^slau.^ihi4TCMl_.4napy,  b^rncij_-tljeir 
main  villages,  and  ho^tihtJos  ceased  foi   a  ^on^  time,  except  by  an 


!  I 

I  ( 


12  M-crauE  on  h.vrlem. 

ciccasloual  iniraudin'ng  pirty.  For  tLi<  heroic  service  the  Gov- 
ernor '^n\e  him  a  tract  of  lau  1  on  '.ue  ''  Fists,"  ^}iiig  bet^rof:!!  what 
is  now  cilled  9lth  ai'd  108th  streets,  an]  froru  East  lliver  to  8th 
Avenac.  He  called  his  Bov.-crie  "  ]'r<<hu,JjJ,''  or  "  Quirt  IW^," 
nearly  a  mile  Wlow  the  "  New  IlarleLQ  "'  village.  Tlie  Doctor 
sold  it  to  John  L.  Bogert  for  3,000  guilders,  ($7.=^0)  in  1C72  ; 
it  was  purchased  in  170G  bj  Johaune.s  Boason,  thij  first  Benson 
settler  heie;  arid  tbe  property  was  hehl  by  the  Benson  faitnly, 
until  Margaret  Benson,  sole  surviving  owner  niarried  Andrew 
'McGown,  in  1781.  Foriions  of  this  tract  are  still  owned  by  the 
McOown  family.  The  well-known  Thompson  family,  (George 
Thomp.son  corner  3d  Avenuo  :itid  I'Joth  street)  are  deaccndants  of 
Dr.  M'-iitagne.  The  Doctor  raiicd  eight  children  h.- re,  the  most 
prorriir.ent  of  whom  was  John  Montague.  One  C'f  the  def.cendants 
owned  a  piece  of  land,  now  within  C-ritr..l  ParK,  upon  vrluch  stood 
tlte  Black  Horse  Tavern,  of  Revolntionary  notoriety.  Hon.  Itaac 
Montagne,  editor  of  the  fiulcj't'.iulenf,  at  Goshen,  N.  Y.,  is  a  lineal 
descendant  of  the  Doctor.  I  have  a  spiitolaim  deed,  given  by 
twelve  p<  rson5  to  June.-?  A.  Corse,  dated  December,  1817,  and 
Timong  the  signers  ave  John  De  La  'Moi.tagne,  Geo.  S.  D^^  La  Mon- 
tagne,  Beij.unin  Thompson,  'said  George's  father)  John  S.  and 
Andrew  Th(jnipson,  (ancles  to  George;  and  Eliza  Thompson 
(Georgti's  uufit),  which  relinquishes  all  their  lutsre.sfs  in  the  Mon- 
tagne  property,  called  by  the  Indians,  "  Bf-hr'icaiu'r-,^'  and  deeded 
to  the  Doctor  by  Gov«rjior  Kieft  in  IG 17,  as  before  stated.  This  is 
due  proof  that  the  Thompson  family  and  the  Montagne  fiimily  are 
connexions  by  <-ousanguiL'ity. 

Adjoining  the  !Montagne  fiirm.  was  Baron  Bc.solved  Waldron's 
grant,  lying  between  Slst  and  9  tth  Stre<ns,  and  from  Hurlem  River 
to  Cth  Avenne.  The  Indians  called  the  "^Vidmu  Tract,  also,  Berlie- 
wane.<,  (crooked  hmd)  and  by  the  Holland^iio  it  was  named  "Hoorn's 
Hook,"  from  an  amusing  incideni:.  It  appears  that  a  surveyor 
named  Jan  Tan  Hoorn  was  with  a  surveying  party  in  the  forest 
there,  and  he  volunteered  one  day  to  climb  a  tree  for  wild  grapes. 
After  lining  his  .stomach  and  pockets  with  the  coveted  fruit,  he  pro- 
ceeded to  descend,  fell,  and  the  seat  of  his  bucl-.,skin  trowsers 
caught  on  a  lind->,  and  there  he  hung  and  swung,  like  a  .scarecrow 
in   u   cc-rnru-ld,  or  like  ]\b;hf\mmcd's  codiu,  l)itween  the  heavens 


y./  Lr.CTUKE  ON  UAV.I.EM.  iV    ' 

:tn(l  earth.  The  Hollariflers  Wufcfh  tlio  tree  ol>scrvii>g  the  swivel 
jiredicatnent  Hooni  wa5  in,  l;it:j:Li.^g'r  «-*i-icd  ont,  "See,  Hoom  is 
hocliC'l,"  inid  hence  the  ap'.)el1r;tiou  '•  Horn  s  Huok,"'  wliioh  lasted 
over  inO  years  aino'g  the  Harleia  settlers. 

lu  this  connection  I  n:ig;ht  s^-riJe  to  V.e  f.xct  that  Lx-Gove-  ,, 
nor  Kieft  set  sail  for  Hulhunl,  ltU7,  in  the  sliip  "  PrincesK," 
wliich  fouuLlcied,  nod  Wiis  !o>t  ou  the  coast  of  W;ilcs.  ^^,„ . 
General  Petius  Stmvesr.nt  b.vi  succeeded  Lim  as  Governor, 
and  appoiiited  B!jron  Eesclved  Waldron,  Joseph  Wal- 
dron,  (Ilia  brother;  snd  Joost  Tan  O.  BIinu3,  as  Coramis- 
si'"'ntrH  to  settle  the  "East  End," — Harlem.  It  vras  con- 
ditioned that  thoj  sh'iulcl  plunt  t.^tatv-five  fauiilica  here  iu  three 
j'ei^ro.  and  ei-talolish  a  forry  acrr'ss  the  river  to  WtstLhester,  and 
call  this  side  "  New  Ha?lera,"  which  couditioas  were  duly  com- 
plied with.  A  row-boat  witti  tvo  oars  conveyed  foot  passengers 
and  horses,  vv'hile  mule^  and  cattle  had  to  swhu  bahind  the  boat. 
This  f'^rry  -wos  located  on  this  side  <">f  r2.3th  Street,  east  of  First 
Avenue,  then  called  "  foot  of  the  Church  Lane."  Soon  ^sas  built 
there,  what- was  .since  tfrmed,  '"The  Old  Stone  Ferry  House," 
kept  by  Jan  Van  "Cipor,  a  jolly  Hcllind  Dutchman,  ■oho  is  thus 
described  by  one  of  Harkm's  pastond  Biirds  :— 

*' WTio  sold  d<ler,  l»:er  ami  gin, 
Aji=o  kejit  y«XH?  ctecr  ■within  ; 
A  ad  for  yenrs  Idi  cM  Fign  hung, 
Movt  luerrilj  tj  ;liir  breezes  6w  Dug." 

From  the  fact  that  so  man}'  wel.'ings  were  ba(>  in  'this   ancient 
mansion,  it  was  called  by  the  dovvn-town    people  the   "Wedding  i   ! 

House."    Many  un   elopement  fomiinated    in  a  -wedding   there,  i   . 

vfhile  some  -were  intercepted  and  frustrated.  The  fastest  horses 
■won  the  day  on  that  score.     Van  It--ner,  thro'igli  a   little   cunuinjr.  1 

used  to  help  the  young  folks  out.  He  would  dose  the  "old  man" 
with  "  stone  fence,"  until  he  bccam"  jolly,  then  obtain  his  consent 
to  the  raairiago,  marry  the  happy  young  couple,  when  all,  dominie 
include'l,  indulged  in  "  stone  feiice,"  and  the   connubial    parties  |   ' 

Tv'ould  men-ily  go  home  together.  This  old  land-niark  Mas  last  oc- 
cupied by  John  Jloore,  and  pnl'ed  down  about  twenty-one  years 
ago. 


H 


LKCTITE  OX  HaPJ-F-M. 


Imiaigr^iUMM^to'this  couubv  w,»s  Gov/  in  full   Wast.     Tbose  'atLo 
Ci^DiO  ovc-v  here  the  oariieit,  icturiicd  for  vigils,  and  eacU  one  gave 
;rl'>vin;r  acoouuUs  of  tbe  liclmess  of  tLifi  coun'xv:  its   line   muierp-l. 
asjncultiii.ij  a;iJ  contrj.f.roicJ  a.lvijii.aj^es,  and   pai  ticularlj  tLe  psr- 
.<i'ja]  libcrtl^-r,  or 'ix-od->n' fvoin  moDnii-lii.u   it^lniints,   wliicli  the 
peo]^^-le  enjovedin  Uif  "^c-vs-  N«;tlicrluuJs,"  and  especially  ou  Min- 
Lnttiin  Islaiul.    I  luight  o-'enfiou  oik*   of  tiiese   r..'tara   Yoy-igt-s  !:s 
in;pO)tant.     DarlLg  the  life  time  cf  Kujitr,    he   aiul  Cornelius 
jrdyu   n.Tr,nolli--cl   with   Go^erijur   Kioi't,   ■tlief.;ing   that  they  had 
i-icd  lo:-;es  tioou^h   KiuJl's  jnisir.U-,    vhile   Goveni'ir  ;    thej 
ciiu^  hoth  lasuibtvs  of  the  "  Kt;rijt  ^len."  ui-  Council,  wrote  Lone 
to  the  St:«tt'?  Geutval,  In  *.hc  i;;'.nit  of  their   B  i.-ird,   aavore  oiiri- 
cisms  on  Eiefts  u.tuaJiiJnistralioj),.  which  no   <louhf  IjhI  tu  Kleft 
bei^g    siipcr^edtd    by    Governor    SUiyvestiit.       Kiofi;    pr^iorrod 
chzv-^-zs  a^a'-^ist^iivt£rarrfi.ll^l\j^^  b-.th  \vc-re 

Irjea,  conv-  tc«t  iva  1  s?MV:n--c.l  to   be   bii2i;>hed   t)iiee   yoir.s   and 
'Ined  several  liiiuTTi^:  t  giji'.dcrs.     Stuyvesapt,  iu   passiui^   f^eutenrp, 
quokd  only  the  l^r  lipti'ral  law  for  tbeii  oiYencos — "  Thou  s.V^V  >Krf 
i-lj^ak  coil'!,'' >he:'>'ler  >>/  Ci'j  p-'-ip'''."     Rieft  was  jubih-nt   over  his 
vlctf>ry.     ILiviiic:^  aviiasj-?*!  c-  fcrtuiie,  ho  bfai-ted  ou  a  vi^-it  to  lS.o\- 
land,  Au:^''..-ii  3«?M:,  iniT,  in  ili.e  '■i-ip   "IVincoss,"   as   I  meiitioincd 
beloie,  :'ud  Ciiri'.'U^ly,  the  t-vo  banisLcd  i  ulprits  v.ere  put  ou  bciu'i 
thLs  .-atiie  >?hip.     The  sbip  j,'ot  out.  of  its  course,   oil   the  coast  of 
M'?l.-s,.^iriick  a  rock  aod  bojr.va   <o   siuV.      K.ieft  setiug   ali  hope 
;V)ne,    at-Vjiowleuvred    to   Knyter  u'^d   Mclya  that  he   did   theia 
wrong,    riiid  a-]<ed    s.nd   obf  Jined  th o \ r_  for gisiiSifi^s.       The  ship 
dushed  to  jiie^jes,  but  Kuyter  and  "ATeHii   '\-ere   saved  on   seperste 
pieces  of  Ihu   HTfcck  i-y  di-ifting  ashore,   while   Kieffc  aud  i.;thers 
juet  a  \v;itory  'ncse,  or  r;:Oi-e  poetically  speaking  : 

■'•  I-i  tliO  '^eep  blue  ocr^n  buried." 

lltlyu  lobt  a  son  iu  this  diso.ster,  and  also  was  o)ijulphed 
Ererfirdas  B^gnrd;!^,  She  pixstor,  counselor  and  friend  of  Kuj-ter, 
T)r.  Moutr-gne,  DeFore'jfs,  Broick  and  other  colonists,  whose 
d^ith  was  1  ng  and  deeply  rao.irned  by  thera.  Kuyter  and 
'dtlyn,  fdter  recovering  from  their  ahock,  proceeded  to  Hollr.nd, 
liid  their  cases  before  the  Prince  of  Orange,  and  bore  "back  to 
Governor  Stu;  vcsa at  ^nuHilic^tion   of  the  or.ler   of  banishment 


^  -  LwrcnE  OS  iuhlesi-  15 

and  Rncs.  Kuyter  remaii-.eJ  iLe  Sim  fjien«3  of  hi:*  fellow  coin- 
patriot  MfclvQ,  uutil  bis  own  tr;i^'ic  J<^atli,  l\v  tbe  ludians,  in  1054, 
as  previously  described.  Thi«  f iirnisbci*  Ibc  believers  in  fore-oi'li- 
r.?t:t>n  an  iiiciufiit^  "Ibat.im.iu  born  to  bo  bung  'vlll  never  be 
tliL'Wced." 

We  uo'X  come  to  tbe  vear  I'l'S,  -Alien  a  moverueut  fo.r  a  \il'a''e 
was  lauac  Tbe  iuoentive  was  on  account  of  the  iusolrtnoy  of 
nefuy  all  tbe  laud-bolvif-rsbercabout.  Most  of  tbe  obi  faria  own- 
ers had  died,  and  tbeir  beire  bad  banl*ivipted  tbe  eslntc-s.  Even 
Dr.  ^^oatague,  v.bo  Came  here  soon  after  Kuyter,  jiad  d.^ef ly  in- 
vclycd  bis  one  fum  on  the  flats,  and  tLaii^^h  a  Vice  Director  Gene- 
ral, vvith  ?  recei^ih  inert ased  salary,  he  was  reduced  to  pei  ury  and 
vr.vct  The  Koyt^r  heirs  were  no  betl-r  oflf— in  fact,  there  was  a 
gfiieral  depiv'ssiou  all  round,  and  everybody  wis  in  fi-iancia!  rlis- 
tross.  It  was  resolved  to  foriL.  a  nl'age  corporation,  lay  out  and 
sell  !o:v-,  and  thi:s  raise  a  sufficiency  of  money  to  retr-eve  their 
waning 'or tunes.  Consequently  the  Director  G<^:ier:.l  and  Coancil 
of  "Xew  Amsterdam"  granted  a  village  charter  on  ilarch  4th, 
1G5S,  which  ejnbraced  the  Ku}tcr  est-ite,  tbe  Conrad  Van  Keulen 
tract  (200  aczx-s)  called  then  "  Van  Keulen's  Hook,  or  oiigiually 
named  "Otter-Spoor,"  lying  in  the  vicinity  of  lU8Lh  Street ;  also 
the  Claes  C.  S wits'  farm,  which  lay  between  the  other  two  plania- 
{ions,  upon  wbich  bittor  farm  the  cleared  portion  was  to  forui  the 
village  bite.  Ground  was  broken  for  it  Augn.it  14th,  ^tnd  the  siu'- 
vey  was  completed  by  September  10th,  that  year,  when  Johan 
Verveeleu  regiilcd  a  large  comriuny  of  the  pioneer  Eergci"?  in  fes- 
tivity, with  bis  "New  Amsterdam  Beer,"  amid  great  liilarity  and 
good  cheer  which  mirked  the  auspicious  event.  The  on'ginal  plan 
of  *'Kew  Harlem"  village  rrn  from  74th  Street,  Eu.4  F«ive.r,  di- 
agonally to  128th  Street,  intersecting  the  Hudson  cr  North  Jliver, 
taking  inside  all  land  lying  between  the  Hudson  and  H.ilem 
liivcrs  lip  to  SiAiyten  Dajcel  Creek.  Many  have  a-sked  why  this 
creek  was  thus  called.  "\\'ell,  I  have  three  versions — take  yoor 
choice.  One  is  that  Anthony  Van  Corlaer,  tbe  jolly  trumpeter  of 
Governor  Stuyvesunt,  swore  he  would  swim  tbut  stream  on  a  dai^k, 
stormy  night,  in  ypuut  den  duyvel,  (in  ."^pite  of  the  dtvil)  and  he  was 
not  as  fortunate  as  Leander  who  swam  the  Hellespont,  m  his  Satan- 
ic maje'^^ty,'  in  the  form  of  a  mossbunker,  seized  Anthony  and  took 


"it,  TJX  re  15"  ON  HAUIKM. 

liim  "  (lo'vn  btlow,"  to  that  s\:iria  p!;ioo  '.yLcre  they  (\<m\  lomk  ilic  *'  \ 

lire  o'ni'^'Lt.sI     Anotlier  Ini.litioa  js,  l]-rit  tlic  Iiu.liaD5!  called  it  alU'V  X^ 

Ha'liOE's  -bip  jts  it  saikd  up  the  crttk,    like  a   spoutiiig   denl,  in 

Dutcli  I:irt,'uajf.  Spuytt'ii  Dti^fV-'^-     Stilljinothf'i- isgiv.ni,  in  anci-))t 

riHicr-l,  1G72.,  Ci'.iled  .sj.'Uj/yc'/i   //('.virZ,  tnvii.<^  to  a  lar^re  s]))iL>g  llo^v- 

iiso  into  tbe  crctk.     Tiiat  creek  }.s  there  still,  but  the   "  dnyid  Oiily 

kno'vs  ■' wbtre  tl'C- niiae  oauio  from. 

l^ut  to  the  Yiil-ige  again.  It  was  laid  out  aloug  the  "Great 
Kill"  (K.irlti-i  riiwr),  ukiiii;  for  its  piiiiciplo  street  au  Indian 
trail,  toiicMog  the  river  iit  about  125tu  Streot,  where  the  Fen\- 
■vliifh  I  l.:ive  described,  paissed  ovf  r  to  "  Brojj«k8id.%'"  (Ivlurrisiiriri), 
Another  strott  was  foriued,  called  the  "Great  Way,"  but  sir.oo  that  . 

riijie,  has  beoTi  botter  known  as   *' Church  Lane,"  vlth    if^  hist-.-ric  j 

eld  lior.Ko  snd  majv^atic  elms — allyneto  decay.  Between  these 
two  large  streets,  lay  the  erven,  or  house  plot'?,  ninety  three  iJ.g- 
Ush  feet  loi  g.  and  iic-arly  as  wide,  while  the  cro:^s  slreets  fonned 
their^e  iuto  four  I'.its  ea<;h.  Tli-it 'Old  CIj  arch  Lane"  still  lives  in 
the  fondest  inemorio.-' of  or.r  olde&t  ir.habitaiits.  They  reiiieinher 
the-  Old  Dutch  Chnrelj;  which  tiood  u ear  Harlem  Eivfr.  in  a  corner 
.'•f  the  cenu  terv  rrinovcd  in  1808. 

The  new  viilago  Avas  laid  out  after  the  Holland  style,  iijlo  houee 
"lots  and  garden  j)lots  adjoining,  a*  desired  for  horticulture.  It 
wjl:  be  observed  that  "  New  ^^  ui.-.lerdam."  '^Nev,  York),  and  "Ne\v 
Hailem"  ^onr  Harleiu),  and  the  ancient  Aajstcrdara  and  Harlem, 
in  H(>lland,  bear  a  dual  j-er;emblance.  oc  account  of  the  two  cities 
on  either  side  of  the  ocv-au  beitig  !iear  to  the  other,  and  possessing 
similar  advantages  rud  relations.  The  Holliuders  held  their  Har- 
lem in  great  reverence— .a  SYiiony)n  for  all  that  was  viriuous  :.nd 
truly  h'^.rr>ic,  as  the  ran'ie  is  derivtil  fro.'u  two  words,  Ileer  and 
LfcUi,  Lord  AVilleiu  being  the  founder  of  Harlem,  in  Holland. 

At  the  formation  of  New  Harlem  village,  a_j.iolcijt  nialarial  dis- 
teL.jp»-r  broke  out,  and  man;^UJi'_r.soGS  dlvd  of  t hejdia£us.e.  Besides, 
floods  came  and  despoiled  fruits,  crops  and  winter  forage,  and 
nearly  created  a  famine.  Many  occupants  abandoned  their  plots, 
but  new  Sc-ttleis  took  them  up  in  the  spring,  and  business  moved 
right  al'jng,  until  10'!0,  when  a  war  broke  out  between  the  white 
settlers  and  Indians  at  EsopuK,  and  a  general  massacre  Mas  feared, 
on  Manhatluu  Itiaud,  as  emanating  fi-om  the   Eiver   Indians  here. 


y\  ,  „  LEcni'.E    ON    ir.HT.n.M.  17 

wlio  Tsere  iu  syi-.ipatliy  \vlLli  t!ie  ^ToLic.".cs  fit  Esopag.  This  fact 
frigLteiK'J )jrujj  'vl.-itws  awar  Troio  "New  Ainsterfliim,"  as  also 
from  "  New  ir.'.rlc  r./'  Oevfinor  Stu^  ro.-<n,i)t  ioA  the  fioM  at  Eso- 
piiSj  an!  d<.ttrm^'i3Ci.l  to  eittr}iii:iut.'i  the  hosfilc  savages  there,  riDd 
gaveorcVrs  to  upon  on  the  lu-L.tus  bc-re,  if  (bey  tlid  not  kc:«?p 
^;tik.t.  Our  aev;  village  fitw  to  arrus,  an<]  evc-ry  old  Lluuclerbus..  shot 
gun.  njnslct't:  bcr-e  pistol,  sabre,  aud  ru-' y  siword  were  pcMshed 
o.p,  and  put  in  position  for  the  impL-Julliig  titt;\ck.  Tu  tbo  absence 
ol  the  Goveriivr,  (be  CouQcil  acted,  aud  appoiutid  a  Board  cf 
!>ril)trav  ConuiisMrjiicrs  bc-re.  consisting  of  Jun  Pittcrson  Slot, 
Diriicl  Tourneur  and  Jaques  Crcson,  the  fubt  one  Darned  to  be-, 
rrcskleut  The  ^ ill  .gors  were  piit 'ai'.dor  tliis  control,  or  Martial. 
LaT»',  and  this  wim  the  first  local  autbority  exercised  in  "  New  fl^r- 
)em."  TheEsopr.s  war  lasted  about  six  month v,,  during  whicbj 
tirae  Harlem  t\us  ]-:tpt  in  great  disquietude. 

Human  nature  seeni.s  to  have  boen  (i^.e  'jame  in  Hulem,  2'22 
years  ago,  a?  it  Is  now,  for  we  t!;en  found  a  mixed  wcicty — lights 
over  cattle,  swlue  rj-id  gee;-?,  breaking  i)ito  enclosures  ;  aud  occa- 
sional street  broils  supei-iuducedLy  too  frequent  polationi?  of  "  New 
Ainsterdain  Beer,"  the  slanderoas  tongue  of  nn  occasional  "Mary 
Ann  setting  gO:?*p-i!ioi>g''rs  by  the  ear^ :  qn  us  els  over  divturbed 
landmarks,  el^.- ,  .cl  of  wliich  induced  (be  better  portion  oi  the  vil- 
lagei-£  to  petition  iho  Direct- -r  General  aud  Ccunedfor  a"  Com t of 
Jutti'je,"  wbieh  rts  granted  August  JGth,  1000,  and  Jan  Pieteisou 
Slot,  Daniel  Tourn-  ur  and  Piere  Crcson,  vre.-o  iq)pci)itcd  a  Board 
of  Magistrates,  the  firfct  one  niu-ed  to  art  ivj  Schouf,  (Deputy 
Sheriff.)  Tlie  trUa  had  before  this  board  ^vere  ciiraerous,  anel 
]'iiany  very  a?ui;s!:jj.  H.ivi})g  secured  a  Cvurt,  the  people  now 
turned  their  att:-tition  to  church  felluv.-ship.  They  u'.itcd  into  an 
orgarization,  ^i  the  "  Diilih  Rtrformed  "  pujsuasioi),  with  Jaa  La 
Mont agne  Jr.,  ub  Deacon.  A  young  niini«-»er,  liev.  Micbatd  Zype- 
ra^,  who  arrived  froiy  Ho'hmd,  0<.-tobcr  2r>tb,  IGCO,  was  Eeleel€d 
ap  P:i.st'.»i,  but  not  Luviag  been  ordair.ed,  be  was  all3-.\ed  onl^-  to 
exboi't,  wbile  *_Lo  ad':.lnistratIon  of  8r'cr;i;Uf'ct,  jxrfonaances  of 
Laptitrn  and  jr- irriagfS,  and  adiiiis3ic>ns  to  meinlxrsbips,  were 
left  to  Rev.  H'-nry  Selvns,  oi  Brooklyn,  who  ol?lcia(ed  iu  the  cbapel, 
en  the  hlte  of  the-  present  ►St.  Maik'3   Church,  Stuyvesant  Place, 


18  MxmiE  ON  ir.vrrLEM. 

New  Y.jj;k.     Zv]  erii'^  lioul  religious  ^YOvs'll!p  in  tlie  private  hou.=res, 
aC'i  oiijir  'iH<:!rij:^>  ir;  !IJ;ulc,ii,  hc  cl.urch  b.:i;«g  y  f  rvcdctl. 

Dani»^l  T<''urii:-ur,  l1:c  aucrstoi'  of  the  Tourncrs,  Avas  appoiulc-d 
^fiiuTytralc- for  Hirl''-!n,  Aui'ust  I'ltlj.  ITWiO,  hwI  lie  f.Ci'ved  various 
tenns  ill  tlirit  oap.'icity,  .IS  olso  Diipiity  SlioriM'  several  years,  be- 
c.iii^e  a  dcaro.n  in  ■fhe  clmrcli,  aiui  was  scloctoJ  a  «"lckgate  to  tLe 
General  A.ssnnihly,  in  1()'31. 

lu  ICGl,  Auolpu  ?.r<'yer  aiiivrl  'uc-ie.  He  was  ancestor  of  the 
!Moyfr^-,  ?\v\  ir-rivrieJ  iliria,  f1:iaL;l>t-:r  of  jLhana?  Yerveelon. 

Aivnt  llaniiaiis  B'.isi-.in<^  several  times  j\lagis(rate  in  ITarleni, 
ar.l  ancestor  of  tiiC  !3^i^:si^.p:j!  Lerc  and  in  "Wc stchooter  Coiiutj,  ar- 
rivc"!  lierc  iu  IGOl.  Or.e  of  the  decDi'lants,  Rebecca  D.,  maii-icl 
'^{oxi.  Xatliauiel  J,<i-vio  of  New  Y  -iL.,  eijco  3-:navu  as  AlJeriaan  r.nJ 
Couuiv  Clt-rk.     lie  -.s  still  lining. 

Jan  DycVman,  oue  off  he  wealthiest  patenters  ef  Kin;^sbnf]ge, 
er,-ne  over  here  wltli  Ailolpb  ."M-  yer  anl  Aront  H.  Br.>:=ing,  in  l«16l. 
He  v.-as  tJie  ro)cestor  of  all  the  Dychinaiis  liereahout. 

At  this  t'me.  221  yeai's  aj.'o,  there  being  ■'::i.o  grist  mill  here,  tlie 
Harleraitcs  earned  th<ni  «frist.s  to  Dalch  Kills,  Queens  Conntj. 
They  cf^nveyed  therj  in  ranooF,  i!ur>ugh  the  danger:?  of  Hell-gate 
to  Xex^tov.n  CiceV.  now  3  tth  Street",  and  np  that  creek  to  Peter 
Joriis'  trrist  mil!.  This  i  iHl  wos  tidccu  down  about  fiftv  vears  T~q,f^, 
and  thrj  upp  -r  and  nether  laill  plones  are  row  onbcddod  as 
ocor  ste]>s,  in  front  of  a  re.-?i(lcnce  1  OS  years  olJ,  within  :a  i^\K  rods 
oi  the  mill  site.  That  jnill  nas  r.ot  a  very  lively  one,  as  it  ground 
out ';nly  three  shcijel.-^per  day  (2  1-1  bus^hel).  This  ye^^r  'JGfil)  a 
petition  \s-iir^  denied  Xha  Harlenutcs  for  a  grist  mill  o'a  Dr.  ?rlc»nta- 
gnes  llat,  for  the  reason  tu:.t  a  new  mill  jnight  form  a  settlement 
about  it,  and  detci-  the  Y't'ogress  vi  tlie  "  New  Harlem  "  village. 

The  Hopp'':r  fan-il}'  is  very  numerous  in  New  Jtrsej,  Hariim 
and  Wectchester  County.  Vn.lries  Hopper  the  ancestor  came 
here,  from  Holland,  in  ir;.')2,  and  Yellis  Hopper  of  "  Hoorn's 
Hool</'  wa>  gran tl father  to  Mrs.  "Wilham  H.  Colwell,  no^7  residing 
corner  r25th  Stre't  and  Lexington  Avenue,  Harlem  ;  and  to  Mrs- 
Eliza  Lisco:;iV»,  who  c'ied  and  was  buried  in  Woodlawn  Cemetery 
in  ISSO.  Mr=.  Li.'^corab  was  a  sister  to  Mrs.  Colwell,  and  the 
.mother  i-f  Williani  H.  Liseomb,  Alfred  A.  Liscomb  of  Harlem,  and 
Ehza  J.,  wife  of  Archibanld  G.  Armour,  in  "VTestehester  County. 


,    >  .  LEOTUan   ox   HUtl.tM.  19 

TIjc  D"L  iJirdtT  fniiiily  =priiiig  from  Clau-lo  Le  ]\iuistie,  who 
came  here  in  IGG'2,  a^i  sc-rved  :!j  'M;j;3'ii*iato  /our  terms.  Hon. 
Schuyler  Colfax  is  one  of  hi.s  dcccudants. 

Tho  ^vell-kuown  Johauues  Ycvmylea  Avas  the  projcuitor  of  the 
Tcrmjlea  fauiilj.  He  (.ivj.i'  h( re  in  1C']2.  He  '.Vits  captain  of  a 
niilitarjr  compauy  in  If.'iJ^,  a  court  nies'songer  in  lOOo,  coupt'ihle  ia 
1GG7,  jnagistrafc  l'>vo  tcms  from  1(570,  and  laernher  of  the  com- 
mittee of  s.ifoty  in  ]L)Sr>,  and  a  biower  witb^  He  r*.'.sided  nearly 
central  of  block,  bctvreen  Ist  and  2d  Avenues  and  l'22d  and  123d 
Streets,  and  div-d  in  1696. 

Jan  LouweBog'irt,  ancestor  of  the  Bug^^rts,  came  here  in  l(>n2. 
He  was  magistrate  in  1C75-6.  He  spent  thirty-fivo  years  in  H;ir- 
lem  and  moved  do\\Ti  town.  One  of  his  dccemlcnts  bought  the 
Lawrence  B«^nson  Horr.tstead,  and  during  the  .Kevolutioji,  Avhen 
the  Piovincial  Convention  on  leaving  New  York,  niet  for  a  month 
in  the  Harleiu  Church,  the  records  were  I:ept  at  the  Bogart  'Man- 
sion, which  stood  then  on  the  site  of  tlie  pre.sent  Morris  Bandell 
House,  foot  of  r2uth  Street  and  Harlem  Biver. 

As  immigrants  Averc  constantly  arriving,  the  Montagues  oeti- 
tioned  tlie  Director  General  and  Council  to  allow  them  new  allot- 
ments of  their  tract  Vrcdejulal,  but  it  was  denied,  in  fear  that  a 
rival  settlement  might  retard  the  gi'owth  of  "  N'iw  Harlem."  Up 
to  this  date  (10G2;  H:ul.:;in  contained  thirty-two  heads  of  families, 
and  of  these  .Tan  La  Moutagne  Sr.,  had  been  the  longest  in  this 
sec-ion,  about  twenty-Cv.o  years,  and  Jan  Laurens  Duyt«,  the  only 
one  of  the  t^iirty-two  who  had  been  born  here.  Of  this  number 
eleven  were  Fj-^nch,  four  Walloons,  a  larger  species  of  the  French, 
seven  Hollanders,  four  Danes,  three  Swedes  and  throe  Gormans. 
A  braver  or  more  honest  lot  of  pioneers  never  graced  a  new  coun- 
try with  their  presence. 

"  Oft  'lid  the  harvest  to  thoir  sickle  yield, 

Their  furrow  oft  the  stubborn  g'ebe  has  broke; 
How  Jocund  did  Ihuy  drive  their  team  atield, 

How  bowed  the  woods  beneath  their  btardj  strike  I 
.    Let  DOt  amfcitivn  mock  their  ns'^ftil  toil. 

Their  bom -Ij  jojs  and  dettiuy  obscure; 
Kor  graudtur  hear  with  a  di-:dalnful  siaile, 

The  short  and  siiui)le  anuals  of  the  poor." 


20  I.ECTCRE   ON    HAP-LEM. 

Tie  spirit  wbich  Jiuiniated  their  l^rcasts  is  rooted  in  tlie  soft  rich 
soil  of  Jlcirlem,  and  altlioujjVi  mauy  of  the:i-  decendauts  Lave  been 
scallered  over  the  iflhabif  able  globe,  tbat  sweet  iDOJuory  of  their 
once  native  Harlom,  like  the  scent  of  the  roses  v>-ith  the  broken 
vase.,  v.all  clin^  round  them  etili! 

That  the  snrromidirg  lane's  yhonld  not  go  to  ■wa.-te,  the  Diicctor 
General  and  Oounoil  lin'.lij  ordered  a  new  allotrii<;nt  of  u\i  the 
lauds  about  the  villr.ge,  \\heii  ground  briefs  were  discarded,  and 
Van  Keulen'.c  Ilouk  and  tlie  Montagne  flat  were  divided  up  into 
twc-Jitv-tvro  I'.is  for  new  purchases  and  lea.sos.  This  enabled  TV^il- 
liam  MoTiiagns  to  hold  the  "Moniagne's  Point"  free  of  debt  At 
thi«  il;ne  (IGCr/)  the  old  custom  of  "  horning  "  newly  married  coa- 
plos  war,  in  vogue.  Soon  aa  the  marriage  ceitmouy  was  over 
then  co'n?ncnced  in  front  of  the  house  the  blowing  of  horns,  firing 
of  grns,  bUniderbui^es,  old  Holland  horse  pistols,  drannning  of 
'in  pans — f-nch  din  only  as  Bedlam  c^uld  let  loose.  After  evciy 
tootor  was  tired  of  blowing,  the  party  would  plant  *' JIaj-  Trees  "  in 
fiont  of  the  nuptial  dcor,  nlUd  with  ragged  .stockings,  etc  It  was 
not  infrequent  that  sorootinies  the  window  would  suddenlj'  rise 
and  the  homers  get  their  eyes  full  of  ground  red  pepper,  and  oc- 
casicnaiiy  receive  a  volley  of  peas  or  beans  fired  out  of  an  old  shot 
gnn.  Several  lives  w«  re  lost  on  su.?h  occasions,  as  old  crusty 
bachelor  bridegrooms  would  nt.t  3t>;nd  much  of  such  clownish 
onsense. 

June  7th  ]0)13,  filled  Harlem  with  alrirm — the  Indian  tnas.?acre_at 
F^opll:  ^*"i"  «t:tt!trs  then  numbering  -in  all  forty  adults,  enclosed 
the  villagf-  ^\ith  a  line  of  stockades,  and  everybody  was  armed, 
three  eeven  pound  ball  cannon  v^ere  j^lanted,  and  the  whole  village 
became  a  ganisoned  outpost.  They  broke  up  this  valliant  army  of 
forty  into  four  conipanies,  and  put  a  brave  commander  at  each 
head,  all^resolving  to  give  the  Indians  "  fits,"  or  be  a  good  fit  for 
the  savages  when  tl.ey  came  on,  iis  they  expected  the  Indians 
hereabout  to  take  sides  with  the  race  at  Esopus.  Stuyvesant,  who 
seemed  to  need  troops  ::t  Esopus,  gave  orders  for  aid,  and  our 
f.nny  here  sent  ■riy/)M"einforceraents,  which  came  very  near  break- 
ing up  one  of  our  compauie?!  Bat  it  had  a  good  effect  abroad,  as 
the  Esopus  Indians  hauled  off  when  they  found  out  that  the  Har- 


, ...  LKCTUKE  OS  HARLEM.  21 

letii  troops  were  on  tlic  marcL  I     Like  Col.   Crockett's  Coon,  "  no 
shoot,  IniVian  come  down !" 

TLe  Tirst  l.ind  c.ise  whicli  wns  tried  in  Ilruleyi,  Jixua.-iiy  IGtb, 
1CG2,  w:is  between  Nicholos  De  Mever,  Plainti'T,  aud  Sigismundu3 
Lucas,  {Icfendant.  "Sig"  sold  his  lot  tiud  refused  to  give  posses- 
fcion,  and  of  course,  was  dcf(-r.t<;d  on  hi.s  broach  of  contract 

The  firct  town  clerk  elected  in  Harlem  was  John  L.  Montague, 
the  oldest  son  of  the  old  Doctor,  in  J  002.  John  Vervetlon  came 
here  Junuary  13th,  1GG3;  became  a  magistrate  {S<-heiicn  in  Dutch) 
in  1003,  it  delegate  to  the  General  Assomllj  iu  IGO-i,  and  died 
about  1702.  He  was  associated  in  tlie  browing  basine-s  A\'ith 
Isaac  DeForest. 

Baron  Resolved  \Yaldron,  the  ancestor  of  the  "U'aldrocs,  came 
to  this  country  with  his  brother  Joseph,  in  16.">4,  and  moved  to 
Harkm  in  October,  1004.  He  was  a  printer  in  Germany.  He 
held  Fii-caid  (Attorney  General)  and  various  commiscio'ns  and 
other  offices  of  public  trust.  Col.  Samael  "Waldron,  who  resides  on 
the  coriicr  of  113th  Street  and  4th  Avenue,  Is  o-.w.  <>f  his  honored 
descendants,  to  whom  I  am  deeply  indebted  for  many  valuable 
tacts  in  this  essay.  And  right  here  let  me  acknowledge  much 
•lata  obt;iiued  from  Riker's  Historv  of  Harlem. 

In  IGGi,  liLborers  were  very  scarce  in  Harlem,  consequently  on 
'May  20tli,  that  year,  our  settlers  proceeded  to  Fort  Amsterdam 
aud  puichast'd  r.cgroes  at  auction.  They  came  from  Curacao,  in 
the  ship  Shannon.  Hence,  slavery  was  plaritcd  in  "New  Harlem." 
A  new  saw  mill  was  erected  this  year  by  Jan  Van  Bonimel,  on  a 
stream  e;np»tying  into  the  East  River,  foot  of  74th  Street,  since 
called  "Saw  Kill" 

While  Harlem  was  now  prospering,  the  rest  of  the  "  New  Netb-     / 
crlands"  was  in  turmoil   by   one   cause  or   another.      The   Dutch   / 
possessions  were  seized  on  tlie  Connecticut  River;  a  revolt  broke  / 
out  on  Long  Island  and  in  "Westchester,   in  alUance   with   New     ^ 
England,    besides    Indian    troubles,   all     of  which    filled   Stuy- 
vosant  with  alarm.     He   finally   allowed   a  General  Assembly  to 
meet  at  "  Nev;  Amsterdam,"  April  10th,  1004,  of  the  pc-cple's  own 
chosen  representatives,  with  Daniel  Tournor.r  aiii^  Johauiiea  Ver- 
veelon  as  the  Uarlora  delegation.     The  convention  had  no  author- 


N 


22  LE<  ICJtK  0>'  :T\RL5.>L 

ity  to  do  ftnythinp',  be  joud  an  nppcal  to  {lie  Statas  General  iu  llcl- 
];vad,  to  aid  iatlie  defense  of  this  .s£otio!i.  May  lOtli,  sime  year, 
oorxiiidcd  a  trordy,  'vvliir-li  '.ras  ratiPiod  l>y  {lie  Hud=oa  Tu  lians  and 
by  those  saviigcs  in  and  about  Ilarlt^ia.  The  I'ldian  Cliief  San- 
wecarack,  cf  the  Widcjiiaskecks  of  \r'.'^tclie>tcr,  liaving  olso 
signed  Hie  treaty,  gave  great  security  and  oncouragomoi  t  to  Har- 
lem. 

Soon  came  anotJKi-  rdarm,  one  unloolicd  for.  C.d.  nicbard 
Nicoll?,  witb  an  Er..c,liHb  ilc-i-t,  suddenly  appeared  in  tbt  barber; 
and  Soplcmber  1'',  l''(51,  Fort  Anisterduic  si:nvndcvo-l  Nioolls 
annonncfed  bimself  .:-<  Crjvernor  of  tlie  "  New  N'otlivvlinds,"  and 
named  the  Citv  and  rrovin.-o  New  York.  K  jjlem  lost  s-me  of  ber 
inbabitaLiJs  by  ab.radonincit,  but  o+l.ci-s  came  and  cccup'i  d  tbeir 
pjlac^-?.  Thus  LHvled  the  Datc'i  rule.  Jan  La  Montague  <;  D.-puty 
SlieriiT)  v,oull  not  serve  nndf-r  English  rule,  and  tliri^f  up  his  com- 
micsion.  Oucnders  v.-ont  unrebaked  ;  la^Vjes^ness  was  rasripnnt  and 
rjin  flowed  in  abiur.dance.  oa'i.^ing  riots,  etc,  a'i  about.  Nicclls 
is.su"d  orders  to  lii.'  H.irltnn  Schrn^as  (magistrates)  but  they  only 
laughed  at  bim.  Finally,  NicolU  i>^3aed  a  proclaniali.Mi,  June  12, 
JGG'>,  putting  the  city  ui'der  a  M\vor,  .Udrnnan  an!  Saeritf.  and 
June  loih  the  Harlem  magistrates  were  cited  to  app'^ar  before 
the  Council;  wlien  there  was  not  so  ra\wh  laughing — Ihoy  y^cre  re- 
moved from  olTice.  Thomas  De  Lttvall  uas  cho-.-ju  as  Al  l.^rmaa 
for  Harlem,  and  Picsolvod  A^'aldron  as  C-onstablo,  th-^  first  one  in 
this  section.  W.ddron  'vas  u.itliorized  to  select  thr^-e  e>r  fuvii-  per- 
sons as  magistrate?,  and  be  uatued  Dani<.d  Tourntva\  for  Magis- 
trate, and  J-jhannes  Verunlii  for  Court  ^[ts-^'ngf-r.  Soon  after 
the  G.^ivcrnor  aonoiufeJ  Tonrueur  F:ider  Slieriff  and  Pr-,  sident  of 

1      4. 

the  olTices  of  SiJiOi^t  and  Scl'ejieas.  Mucli  troulJe  arose  in  the 
pdniiiiisiration  df  justice  in  Harlem,  owing  to  the  Dutch  prejudice 
ngain^rt  English  rale,  but  in  due  time  "  Order  nigne^d  in  Warsaw." 

Abo  at  thl.  time  DeLavall  built  a  grist  mill,  whic.h  w  lii  after-.vards 
known  as  "  '.rin  Cnnp."  nientir.ned  on  th«  '*  Old  B:-ns  )n'  Farm." 
This  mill  lay  a  little  A^'c-st  of  the  «:;vek,  near  3d  aveiiue.  Hage 
Cruyusen,  a  Swede,  was  first  iiiiller. 

January  13.  I'^'iT,  the  fir-it  church,  Dutch  R'-f(vrmed,  was  so  far 
ooraiilcte  1    th  it   an    ;dl>t'nont   of  seats  took    plar-'r     The   ground 


^  J  V,  LECTrR£  ON"  ^AKLX^U  23 

upon  wlncli  tuc  clinvcli  \y;i~  bailt  was  called  Kerch  erf  (cliurch  lot). 
The  Kerch  hof  was  tb.o  more  nnciout  cciuetcry,  lying  in  tUa  rc^ir  of 
the  "  T^uJabloK"  and  may  bo  reinc'Jib<-rcd  still  ;n  flie  "•  Negro 
BuryiEg  Ground, '"  cot:si:^l:ug  of  onc-balf  acre  of  luud. 

The  most  celebrated  resort  in  ILirlom  now  was  Joluiimes  Ver- 
vc'loc-u's  Tavern,  near  r23d  street  and  1st  Avenue.     Klcjn  h'wr, 
(small  bec-r)  Spanish  wine  and  rum  wore  the  driulcs  in  those  days, 
and  seemed  to  bo  indispeiiiible  even  at  the  most  trivial  business 
transaction,  and  it  seems  tlie  custom  is  pretty  well  kept  up  in  Har- 
lem, except  in  a  change  of  beverages.     One  in  paiticular,  '•40-rod 
wliiokej',"  that  is  the  full  range  nt  wliioh  it  is  suppost-d  to  kill  a- 
man,  it  lie  comes  within  the  circle.     I  am  n.ot  a  tot^d  abstinence 
man,  but  I  believe  iu  b'.iug  temperate  ia  all  things  ;  yet  I  am  con- 
strained  to  say  th  it,  in  my  judgment,  at  least  nine-tenths  of  the 
crimes  committed  in  Now  York  city  are  tither  directly  or  indirectly' 
traceable  to  the  influences  of  ardent  .spirits.     I  have  only  to  take 
the  daih'  cr.ininal  records  and  read  them  as  jjroof  of  my  assertion. 
Slany  coi!t':-nd  that  lagtr  beer  is  not  iutoxicitiag.    I  have  tried  that 
"  haruilcss  beverage  ''  mys?!f,  a'.id   found   that  it  m:ide  a  hive  of 
bees  iu  mv  head  and  evervbee  a  king  I     I  lieard  once  of  a  Holland 
bier  ven-lor  being  jMit  t-n  tuc  witness  stinJ,  aiid  lie  ?-iid.  "  Y<I1, 
I  can't  swore  dat  lager  ish  ii-tosicatiug  or  not,  as  I  t-uit  triiiks  only 
ISO  classes  von  tay,  imd  I  tont  know  vat  it  njight  too  if  a  man 
makosvon  hog  of  hisstlfl"     Iu  Hu'L-i'i  it   wis  a  e mwnon  custom 
for  even  magistrates  to  have  their  drinks  br.-ught  in,    wiiile  occu- 
pying the  Bench,  and  charged  to  the  public  e\p*'nse!     Bier  and 
other  beverages  were  freely  used  at  the  or  liiiitioii  of  d  Icis  and 
deacons,  and  at  the  pei  formmoes  of  funeral  soU-nriitics      Faiiiilies 
laid  in  their  bier  by  half  n/.'s  (o-- b:»rrtl.s).     Tljisr-  fur;:i-i!iiiig  bier 
at  that  time  were  Jihannes  VLr:n:lye,   Dave   V'-rv.-h-'-n,  Isnac  De 
Forc.'-t  and  Jacob  Kipp. 

The  fir-t  Indian  trad  marki  1  out  ii  Jlirlem  w  i-  <  idlfd  '•  Tlarlem 
Lane,"  which  r  ju  through  the  '*  Fhits."  tou.-ht.d  :.t  '*  .'IcOown's 
Pas?,"ihrough  "  Clove  of  the  Kill"  to  North  Biv-r,  uid  up  'Break 
ncck  Hill  "  to  Si)uyt<  11  Duy\i!  Creek. 

July    1.5,   lOGO,  the  H:irl  m  Ft  rrv  was    tr  iiisf<ir-.'il    and    run    by   ' 
Johannes  Verveleeu  and  cali.  d,    •  From    the  I->l'iud   to  the  Main." 


24  ■LECnSE  ON  UAP.LEM. 

Verveleon  settled  liis  ftrry  on  ilie  "Pi^pi'.riaaniio,"  anJ  thus  liekT 
t-.Iie  kc'j  to  lIiDlj-ittan  Itlaria.  lie  wa^  consUWe  at  Fordliam,  cs- 
tabllsbed  aco;nt  ihert  and  superiRteaJe^.!  tbe  building  of  a  bridge 
between  Paiiririnanjin  ancj  Fordbaoi. 

\Vc  now  come  down  to  1G70,  p.r>d  tb.?  only  houses  now  left  of  the 
originrd  village  of  Harlom  wbieh  I  can  6iid  bere,  erected  prior  to 
1670,  are  l-;^,  the  "  Old  Benson  Hon.so/"  now  occupied  as  a  batb- 
ing  place,  125tb  .street  and  IT  irlem  Paver  ;  and  the  other  the  "Van 
Gcisen  House,"  F.tiuding  partly  endwise  on  l'23d  Stieet,  between 
Lexington  and  Fourth  avenues.  It  was  o.med  by  John  Kenyon, 
recently  deceased,  and  is  occupied  by  John  IL  Covert.  It  fronted 
the  "Old  BoJrton  Si:age  Tvoad/'  vbon  it  run  by  it  and  up  through 
where  now  ia  built,  '  flarlerc  Iron  Bridge." 

August  10,  1GT3,  ihe  Ilollind  and  Ze.^dand  ileei.s  sailed  here  and 
captured  "  Fort  Am.it^rdam,"  which  tuey  named  "  Fort  ^Yilli&m 
Hendrick,"  find  called  Kew  Tork_j^ewOrange^\Jn_honor  of  Lord 
Prince  of  Orange.  This  was  one  oftlie  fruits  ofwar  now  waging 
in  Europe,  and  Dutch  rale  was  aga'.n  frjly  re-established,  and  Har- 
loiu  was  overjoyed  and  \-i:?lded  reedy  obedience  to  the  new  ruler — 
Anthony  Colve  as  Govenor;  but  it  did  not  last  long,  for  the  next 
year,  November  lOih,  If  174,  the  nrovir-ce  fell  again  into  Enghsh 
hands,  and  "Fort  WiUiarn  Hendrick"  was  chri.stv^aed  "Fort 
James,"  and  "  New  Orange  "  renamed  "  New  York."  "  The 
Slayor's  Cjurt"  was  revived,  and  f:":r  Eduiund  Audros  became 
Governor.  Although  distasteful  the  F'>ghsh  Government  was 
obeyed. 

1G75  brought  frish  .abirias,  the  "King  Piiilip  TVar"  commenced 
in  the  East,  and  portended  a  westward  advance  with  an  alliance 
of  all  our  river  Indians.  Governor  Anlros  ordered  all  of  the  la- 
di-tn  canoes  here>about  to  le  scizL-d  and  safely  confined.  He  fur- 
nifibed  our  settlers  with  arms  and  amuuition;  but  the  notorious  In- 
dian chief  being  billed  .^ugu^t  l'2:h,  the  war  ceased,  and  quiet 
again  was  restored  in  Harlem- 
John  H.^ndrieks  Brevoort,  the  v>ell-known  ancestor,  came  to 
Harlem  in  1674. 

The  ancestor  of  the  Kortright  family  w.vo  Cornelius  Jansen — no 
date  of  his  amval,  but  he  died  in  lt»80.      Tiie  main  bxanch  of  the 


V 


\A 


LKCITBE  OK  HAULE\L 


25 


Kortriglits  spiniug  from  Lannns  Coruclmi  Kjrtri^Lt,  boru  here 
in  1C81.     TLey  were  groat  land  owners. 

The  Lo-,v  fi'.niily  sprnng  from  Laurous  J.msen,  born  ia  Hollnud, 
purcliasfcd  a  lot  Lere  of  Nicholas  De  Meytr,  in  1CG2.  The  present 
M.ijror  of  Brooklyn,  Seth  Losv,  is  one  of  the  descendants. 

In  1684,  the  notorious  pirate,  Captain  William  Kidd,  occupied  a 
portion  of  this  farm  with  his  fathcr-iu-law,  Captain  Samuel  Bradley. 
This  farm  was  located  near  Ilell-gate,  and  although  Kidd  was 
hiin;j,  he  no  doubt  occapics  a  place  "  down  below"  similar  in  name 
to  the  one  he  was  removed  from! 

About  lhi.3  time  the  city  was  divided  into  sis  wards,  Haj'lem 
ccuuted  as  one  of  the  out  wards,  "  embracing  all  of  its  farius' 
pi?fitaticris  and  settlements  on  the  island  of  Manhattan  from  the 
north  side  of  the  Fresh  "Water,"  and  divided  as  formerly,  between 
Harlem  and  Ncav  York,  at  Saw  -Mill  Creek,  and  such  division  to 
have  its  local  court" 

In  1GS4  Janscn  erected  the  famous  tavern,  "  II;df-way  House," 
located  on  Harlem  Lane,  at  the  foot  of  the  hill,  about  lO'Jth  street. 

Daniinie  frelyn,  after  an  absence  fi'om  Harlem  eighteen  years, 
ret  irned  and  btc  uue  Pastor  of  the  church. 

In  IGSo,  the  wolves  were  as  plenty  as  blackberries,  and  still  des- 
tructive on  this  island,  and  the  city  government  off-.red  premiums 
for  their  annihilation. 

In  168fi,  a  new  cliuich  was  projected  and  built,  Laurens 
•Tansen,  of  the  Delauiater  family,  gave  his  two  north  seven 
for  the  church  site.  The  first  stone  was  laid  by  Resolved 
Waldron,  the  second  stone  by  Johannes  Vermilye,  and  Do- 
minie Selyu  preached  the  first  sermon  in  it.  The  old  bell  used 
in  that  church  is  still  used  in  the  Dutch  Reformed  Church  at  12l8t 
Gtreet  and  3d  Avenue.  It  was  cast  in  Holland  and  conta'us  $20  in 
gold  and  $20  in  silver,  and  bears  this  inscription  : — 

"  Aji(rt*fdam,  Anno  1734.'' 
"  Me  Fecit." 

V      This  year  brought  to  Harlem  Jan  Kiersen.     He  leased  "  Harlem 
Heights,"  called  then  "Jochem  Peters  Hills,"  and  built  the  "  Jumel 


^ 


20 


LECTCRE  CX  HAHLEM. 


V 


^IMansioD/'  whK'Ii  still  reir.alns  auci  now  owiitd  aiul   o<-ciimeJ  l\i 
Nelson  C'liase.  f 

Captain  Joliraines  .Dcnsou,  the  fii'st  of  the  familv,  came  Lere 
purcLasea  a  jilace  in  IJarlem  of  Peter  Yau  Oljlemis,  in  10Uf>,  an(!' 

uieJ    ia   1715.      He  was    a    Dane.     The    d(.-f;conclant<;  are    ver< 

r 
numi'i'ous  in  Harlom,  Alban}'   and  SclKMiOctailv.     Samson  Bensonj 

•Jr.,    eldest     s^n     <:>f   J3eujaiaia,    inbcrited    tbe    ancestral    estate' 

From  a  AvcitLuoss  of  his  ev'i'S  he   \v;i.-:  called  "  Crviii"  Sam."     His 

"widow  dicil  in   1835,  and  the  estate  fell  to  its  sole  survivor,  I\Ii=i': 

"Margaret  Benson,  who  married  Autlrcw  McGown,  son  of  Captain 

Daniel  M^jGovrn.     Tlie  Captain  resided  then  on  the  north  side  oi 

"  Church  Lane.''     Captain  McGown   a    Scotch-Irishman,  the   son 

cf  a    clcrj,'ymau,  wag    the    ancestor    of    the   ^IcGowu  fannlj  ;  he 

was  lost  at  sea  prior  io  the  Revolution.     His  widow  bought  a  few 

acres  on   the  hill,  bad:   of  the  old  Bei:soii  Farm,  vrhich   became 

celebrated  in  tlie  Eevolution  as  '  ^IcGown's  Pa'^s."     Andrew  liei:>tj 

piiblic  hcu'je,  which  wa«  part  of  the  Stetson  Hotel,  called  jilount' 

St.  Vincent,  and  v.hich  was  burned  down  in  1881. 

Andrew  died  October  IG,  1820.  He  was  the  f::ther  o.'  ^Jajor; 
Andrew  '[.-Gown,  who  participated  in  the  war  of  1812,  and  died 
here  in  1870.  His  broth.:-'*.  ex-.\lderinau  Sirason  B.  3.IcGown,  aged 
85  yearp,  still  resides  at  the  old  homestead,  at  lOOih  Street. 
3Iajor  McGown  was  the  fat'ier  of  Henry  P.  McGown.  uow 
occupying  the  Bench  of    the   0th  .Judicial  District  Civil    Court. 

I  will  explain  this  "  IVlcGown's  Pa=;s,''as  it  is  famor.s  in  Pevolu- 
tionarj  annals,  one  of  the  harile.st  battles  of  the  Eevolution  having 
been  fimglit  there.  I 

Tliis  ])i^s  was  gu.arded  by  a  block  house,  built  aci-oss  Harlera  >; 
Line.  Col.  ^^dler  for  eight  d  iys  held  the  fort,  at  "  Hooru"s  Hook,''  , 
against  the  British  boinbardment  from  the  Harlem  river,  when  [ 
they  drove  him  out  by  firing  the  fort  with  hot  shot.  The  i 
Colonel  th<>n  retreated  with  his  :30D  brave  Spirtans.  Leonidas-Hke.  j 
and  made  a  bvav?  s^and  at  "  McGown's  P:iss,"  being  surrounded 
and  attacked  by  1509  British  and  H'^s^iaris.  It  was  a  desperate  ^ 
struggle,  and  was  al>^o  participaled  in  by  General  Putnam  and  ; 
Colontl  lv'i-)\vUn.  C  )lon?l  Miller's  knees  were  carried  away  b}-  a  | 
cann  ju   bill,    a'l  1    lia    expired    crying,  •'  \Mcaic\    ksu    Libkktv  !' 


\ 


/  LECTUKE  ON  HARLEM.  21 

Colonel  Kuowll<-  u  Avas  kHIod  in  this  buttle,  ubicli  Listed  eix  Lours, 
Vihon  tUe  British  wc^re  coinpletely  routed  under  tLcir  commander, 
Kiipliausoji.  The  old  bloi'k  house  and  tlie  eartli  works  still  re- 
loain  in  Coutral  Park  as  niouumeuts  of  heroic  Tulor. 

Au  inciilout  occurred  near  Hell  G.ite.  in    1777,  ■worth   rolatino'. 

,     A  very   beautiful   <^'n-\  u.-iiacd  Lucy  Vandorstiue  was  abducted  by 

a  Tlessian   captain  and  carried  to  his   camp.     Her  brother  crept 

sofllj  to  the  camp  at  midnight,  felled  the  bontinel,  and  rescued  his 

I    sister,     lie  took  an  o.ith  to  kill  the  first  Hessian  he  should  meet 

j     with,  and  did   so.  soon  after,  by  forcing  one  of  them  into  a  duel. 

The  skull  of  thia  Hessi\-j  waj  unearthed  on  the  Dr.  Bnker  farm,  at 

;     "Sih  street,  a  few  jeai-.s  ago. 

VCe  might  allude  to  the  "  Juniel  'Mansion,"  once  more,  on  Wash- 

infjfcon  K-'ights.  wliich  was  once   occunied  bv  "  the  father  of  his 

I     couutrv,"  in  177G.     This  house  was  built  by  one  Phillips,  for  Lis 

i     daughter  Mary,  who  married  Roger  Morris.     George  "Washington 

.     courted  ^fary.  and  came  near  getting  her  ;  so  near,  that  he  would 

h".ve  hid  her,  had  Afaiy  consented.     National  prejudice  broke  up 

the  match. 

!  It  mav  bo  well  to  give  some  of  the  ludian  names.  They  called 
'  weird's  IsLmd,  Tcnke.iOTt  ;  BlackvvcU's  Island,  MiouahannKrl- ; 
I  Spuyten  Duyvil  Creek,  S -li'tyalaiKik,  and  Hell-gate,  Sfrandican 
i  (mad  waters).  The  jiollaudcrs  called  AVaid's  Island,  Oreat 
I  B:irent  Island,  and  Ran<'  "'«^  Island,  Little  Barent  Island,  and 
'•    Mount  Moriis,  S'any  Bcrj,  (bnake  HilL) 

I  One  of  i\ie^  B  isiinj  d-;;scendants  built  a  d  vdh'ng,  prior  to  the 
devolution,  at  McComVs  Dam,  south  side  of  8th  Ivenue,  which 
still  remains,  ani  occupied  by  Charhs  Francis,  a  policeni m. 
I  Hendrick  Yan  Bramer  erected  a  house,  before  the  Pi.evo  -li^n, 
on  the  old  "  Harlem  LaTie,"  7th  avenne,  betwt-en  117th  and  llSth, 
streets,  which  is  still  sttnding,  and  Bartholf  occupies  it  now  as  a 
"  road  house." 

Hiving  thus  viewed  the  past,  let  us  d^vell  briefly,  before  concln- 
j.ion,  on  the  ]-)resent  and  future  of  Harlem.  It  was  said  by  some 
historian,  tliat  Noah,  the  sole  heir  of  the  earth,  after  the  Deluge, 
gave  his  acquisitions  tn  liis  children — to  She;  :,  .\.via  ;  to  Ham, 
(the  colored  gentleman,)  Africa,  and  to  Japhet,  Eurr pe.    I  presume 

.5 


2S  LECTCPE  ON  HARLKM. 


I 


if  Lo  had  ha«.l  .a  fourfb  son,  America  avop.LI  liave  been  {jiveu  to  luri-,  i 
oi*  at  least  Ihut  portion  of  it,  palled  Htrlem.  Whiit  grauder  or 
more  beautiful  spot  can  be  fouud  than  Harlem  and  its  little  velvolj  . 
islands  and  silvery  rivers,  in  a  gr-lden  sianot— sublimely  pictur-  ; 
tsque  in  vernal  bloom  — tbi  ^'orjrous  l^inlscape,  which  charms  [ 
evt-ry  vi.sitor,  and  fills  the  mind  and  soul  with  rapture.  , 

But  a  few  years  ago  H  olein  vfas  nearly  a  ban  en  waste — Gold- , 
smith's  "  De&f-rt'-d  Village."'    Everybody  vraa  giving  it  the  ".shaV.e," 
because  it  was  giving  the  "  :Thake3  "  to  everybody  I     Djwa-town  j 
people  ^vould  scarcely  come  near  ns,  except  by  the  river,  because  1 
to  cros3  the  Poatine  M  vrshi-s,  or  "  IT-.ilem  Flit 5,"  by  land,  w:;uld 
squelcii  the  nose  of  a  rhiniceru^,  and  knock  the  bi-eath  out  of  a  i 
raule!     A  balky  hor-e  C\e  minutys  onthe2dcT'?d  Avenue  rail- 
road track,  down  there  on  tbat  Upag  desoit,  would  stifle  the  bmgs 
of  a  whole  car  load,  and  it  was  about  "  vrbich  and  t'other,"  as  to  ; 
which  perfume  predominivted,  the  natural  one  from  the  soil,  or  i 
that  it.rising  frorn  the  covering  of  it  with  coal  gaa  tar  !  *  T  am  told 
that  aquatic  excursionists  found  it  safer  to  burn  brimstone  ii3  they  i 
came  up  tlirough  Hell-gate  !     It  has  bsen  filled  in  since,  in<l  soon  ! 
will  be  built  over.     At  the  coiumencomc-nt  of  the  Rebellion  (ISGl)  | 
Ifarlem  be;'an  to  ^^row,  an  1  fcwoarts  of  our  citv  have  grown  faster  ' 
and  been  more  be'tutifiod  by  new  buildings,  than  this.     New  set-  | 
tiers  are  eon.stantly  arriving,  trade  is  spreading  on  every  street  and  i 
nvenue,  and  everybody  says  they  are  happy  avjd  making  money,  | 
excci^ting  the  Elevated  Rillroad  !     In  this  connection,  and  to  con-  ' 
ti-ast  travel  with  the  past,  I  might  mention  the  first  stage,  in  1832,  ( 
which  run  from  "Wm.  D.  Bradshaw's  corner,  (now  IMarsh'g  Drug 
Store)  in  Harlem,  to  down  town.     Soon  after,  the  "  Franklin  "  run 
from  Harlem  to  Pell   street  and  the  Bowery — fare  fifty  cents  the  I 
round   trip.     Xow,  some   grumble   at  ten  cents  on  the  Elevated  , 
railroail,  aii<l  get  angry  becaudC  they  don't  let  'em  carrj'  along  a  j 
small  grocery  store  in  the  bargain.     Up  to  18 i3  onlj'  seven  stages  I 
'.vere  on  the  road.    In  1853  the  3d  avenue  horse  railroad  was 
chartered,  which  took  twice  as  long  to  ride  down  town  as  in  the  | 
fitagos — an  hour  and  twenty  minutes,  providing  no  horse  balked 
or  fell  dead  across  the  track. 

The  Elevated   makes  now  about  four  tiips  to  one  of  the  surface, 


^ 


I  LECVCBE  OS  H.VBLEM.  29 

antl  yet.   the   surface  roatis  ure  Joing  a  better  business  tlian  ever. 
Tbe  Ilarlcm  Navigntiou  Line,  from  Harlem  to  Peek  Slip  in  h/"'   au 
hour,    caine   in  as  a  reli.f  |.ri'jr  to  tlie  elevated  convenience.     Tbe 
Elevated   llailroad,  bj   its  connecting  links  on  the  East  and  West 
Bides,  has  )nade  Harlem,  enncbe J  proixrlj, owners,  increased  trade, 
lowered  tbe  prices  of  produce  and  mercbandi.se,  but   raised   rents. 
Landlords,  go  slow  on  that;  our  people  will   net  stand   too  much 
impo.sition.     I   mn  glad  to  sec  our  tradesmen  try  to  please  their 
customers   by  competing  with  down  town  merchants.     Itisbett^Ji 
for  the  purchaser  to  leave  bis  money  in  Harlem  and  the  vender  to 
secuie  it  here  by  fair  dealing.     I  don't  think  the   ladies  co'nsider 
the  importance  of  home  hading  so  much  as  they  do  the  pleasure  of 
down-town  shopping.    "Mxiij  is  the  time  they  want  a  paper  of  nee- 
dles, then  on  with  the  bonnet  and  away  on  "rapid  trausit"  to  Macy's, 
or  St€w:u-t's,  or  Taylor's    I  knew  a  lady  la.st  summer,  who  wanted  a 
certain  kind  of  mitts  and  could  get  them  down  town  for  forty  cents, 
ten  cents  less  than  the  samekindhere.     Slie  purchased,  camehome; 
forty  cents  for  mitts  and  twenty  cents  for  car  fare,  total  sixty  cents. 
Xext  dav  she  went  down  and  changed  them.     For  m'ttg,   car   fare 
and  lunch,  one  dollar  and  £ve  cents — out  by  not  trading  here,  5fty- 
iivc  cents.     That  is  tightening  the  spigot  and  loo.-^ing  out   of  the 
bung.     I  certainly  must  c;>mmend  the  spirit  and  enterprise  of  our 
Harlem  tradesmen  now.     Not  to  be  invidious,  but  I  am  sure  yoa 
can  trade  now  in  nearly  all  things  as  cheap  in  Harlem  as  elsewhere; 
so  go  and  buy  your  piano   from   Behning,   who  makes   the  best 
pianos   now   in   use;    yjur  dry  goods  of  such    firms  as   Callan 
aud  others;  your  clothing  of  St^^ne  «k  Goodman,  or  the  Harlem  and 
Wcsteiiester     Clothing    Hous*^:      your      groceries     of     William 
Robinson,    Avers,    or    Bent-jtt    &    Jarvis;  your    shoes     of    the 
Zabinskies,    Goodman,  or   your  furniture    of'  George     Fennel] 
&   Company   and  ^b[ithony    Brothers  ;     your    carpets    of    Croft 
Brothers ;    your    hardwaie     of     Charles  ^fann  or  Dickerman ; 
your  Millinery    of  Pistr  or  "Madden    iV   McGliun;    your   fancy 
goods  of  Yv'ilhams  k   Co.,  Sj^ier,  or  Hclmqs;  your  gent's  furnish- 
ing  goods   of  Hartley;  your  stationary  and   such    uicknacks  oi 
i'hillips,  Goddard,   or  Si>eck;  your  jewelry  of  Gluason,  Keej^ing; 
;,  our  Foreign  and  Dc-mestic  delicacies  of  Lazarus  k  Stender;  your 


30  i.KLxniE  i)N  UAJUiar. 

iLnts  of  Kelly  or  GoMsiukl;  all  kintls  of  j^cuinir  maeijines  of 
I^au€cl);  vG^i'  rublH'i*  goods  of  CroO'.lvertr,  nuJ  olbcrs,  nuJ  you 
will  save  li]uc  aud  money,  and  aid  our  tradesiuou  by  quick 
sales  to  oom])ete  with  down-town  tratric. 

The  "  Hftilon  Eivor  Iiaprovement,"  so  long  aud  so  inucL  talked 
about,  m\ist  i>'jctssaiily  he  coiisumiuatedin  about  two  years.     Con- 
gressman Flo\vf-r  riccuth-  bad  passed  an  ajipvopiiation  of  >:50,000. 
A  commis.-iou  Las  inciiargG  tLo  settlement  of  coiupcn&atiou  to  the 
l;'.nd-o\Miers  along  tbe  Vnt,  an>l  tlieii*  dufy  ib  neai-ly   c-nded,  while 
General  Xewton  rep^irt.s  that  his  surveys  will  f50on  be  done;  and  I 
see   no  reason  now  v.hy  (he  ^n-at  artiiioiid  channel,  or  ship  Ci?ual, 
cannot   go  foi-ward   io   completion,  thus  comiugling  the  wat-ers  of 
the  ITr.dbOP,   llarlt'n   r.\d   East  Rivers  with  those  of  the  sea,  and 
circle  H-u-kin's  borders  with  oc:e  of  the  finest  marts  in  the  known 
v.ovld.     Think  of  the  immense  cargoes  of  all  kinds  of  merchandise 
which  will  come  through  this  way  instead  of  going  as  usual  r.rouud 
the   Battez-y,  sixteen   miles  further.     Tiie  cost  of  this  enterprise  is 
estimated  between  three   and  four  millions.     The  channel  will  be 
four  hundred   feet  -vi.le,   eighteen   feet   deep,  and  six  miles  long, 
starfing  from  Randair^j  Ii^hind,  running  through  Pyckm.ui.s  mead- 
ows. an<l  tevminatieg  at  the  Hudson  Tdver  and  mouth  of  Spu^-ten 
Duyvil  Creek.     It  is  also   proposed  to  deepen  the  channel  of  the 
Harlem  Kills,  ami  thus  make  a  direct  connection  between   Harlem 
and  the  Sound,  and  avc-id    the  danj^erous  passage  of  Hell  Gate. 
V>'h«  u  this  gi-i.-at  Work   vhall  have  been  comi*leted,  {he  vessels  of 
every  clime  wiHt-unoucd  Harlem,  our  streets  will  be  thronged  with 
the  busy  life  of  a  l3roadway,  and  this  famous  old  Dutcli  town   will 
be  the   grand  comn.ercial  centre  of  the  metropolis  !     With  what 
delight  the  first  settler  of  Hailem,  Kuyter,  would  then,  if  alive,  look 
upon  the  s^ene  in  contract  with  his  beloved  ZejrnrhJ  of  100   acres, 
2 28  years  ago  !  also,  if  the  old  Hollander,  Gov.  William  Kieft,  could 
then  rise  from  the  vasty  deep,  whei*ehe  went  down  with   the  ship  \ 

Princess,  and  gaze  upon  Harlem,  wherein  he  gave  so  many  grants  / 

and   ground  briefs,  his  heart  would  leap  with  rapture,  and,  in  Lis 
;      usual  jolly  mood,  he  would  say,  "Come  in  goot  fi-ients   and  trink 
\1     miao 'New  .Im-^ieTdam  peer.' "    Who   among  us  then,   with  Har- 
leui's  past  history  before  you,  and  the  goodly  prospects  in   store. 


,  ,  ^  LlCrURE  ox  nAIiLEM. 

;  Are  !.ol  proiiJ  of  h::ng  called  Uailemites ?  Let  us  cultivate  tliC' 
j  hievi'ls'Ji^i  as  of  vore-,  iu  "j'e  ancient  village,"  anilleuTe  auimoiiiies 
and  cor.lcntions  to  other  localitio;-;  and  tbougb  we  mav  dJiTer  scion- 
tificailj-,  pj'iitically,  aiid  oven  roligiouJy,  let  us  unite  cordially  and 
fricmUy,  in  every  jrablic  and  private  business  enterpriae  '.vhicli  may 
have  a  tendency  to  i-rogrcss,  build  up,  and  benefit  our  own  boloved 
Hakleh. 


/ 


/ 


APPENDIX 


EAIJLY   HISTORY   OF   KEAV  YORK,  FKOM  1G98  TO  1(574. 

COMPILED  AND  ARRANGED  FROM 

AUniEKTIC  SOIECES. 


It  is  a  mistaken  i<lep.  tba.t  Hendiick  Fudson  made  tlie  firnt  landing  en  New 
I'ork  IclAml,  or '•  Island  of  MiinbntUin,"  in  1*>0'.\  BB  some  lli^tor)ans  have  it. 
The  earlietit  r-^rtrd^  e'sfnnt  strit«  tLat  is  early  as  lo'.iS,  a  few  Hollhndcn;,  in  the 
employ  of  ft  GreeoLind  Conij.any.  v.ere  in  thehfil.it  of  resorting  to  Ktw  Nefh- 
crlands  (''.  e.  Now  York;,  net,  it  is  tme,  with  h  de£,ij^n  of  electing  a  settle- 
ment, Imt  merely  to  Hecure  a  shelter  durirg  iLe  T.-inter  nionths.  Wi(h  this 
view  tbey  bniM  two  small  foits,  to  protect  themsciverf  against  the  Indians. 
Ncvortheless,  the  fact  romainR  uadisputed.  tbit  l^IIudsou  belongs  the  honor 
of  being  the  lirbt  o'le  vlio  directed  public  attectiin  to  the  If-'and  of  Alaiihattan 
as  an  advantiigeon-i  poic.  for  a  (lading  port  in  the  New  World. 

Go  the -ith  of  A]/7il,  lt)09,  the  grvat  n.-wigafrr  sailed  out  of  the  h;irbor  of 
Amsterdam,  and  "by  twche  of  ye  clouke  "  of  th-;  Cth  he  was  t->ro  leagues  off 
the  ki.d.  He  -vas  in  the  c^npioy  of  the  Dntcb  E:  st  Itjdia  Cornpar.y,  vho  had 
co'xir.iissioned  him  ti>  se'-k  a  pp-.'sagf  to  the  Eist  In.lies  by  thu  uoi^h  tide  of 
NovaZeinbIa  Having,  however,  fonud 'he  sea  at  that  part  f.iU  of  ice,  he 
turned  the  prow  of  hip  little  vf-^^el,  the  JI'ilf-M'-n,  westward,  arid,  after  a 
n>outh's  cmise,  reached  the  great  Bank  of  Newfoundland,  on  the  2d  of  Jnly. 
Thence  he  sailed  southward  to  the  James  River,  Virginia,  and  again  altering  his 
course — still  in  jmrsnit  of  a  new  channel  to  India— he  coasted  along  the 
phort:s  of  New  Jerti  y,  and  on  the  2d  of  September,  l(i09,  cast  anchor  inside  of 
Sandy  Hook. 

Iliidsou,  having  explored  the  river  that  bears  his  nnme  as  far  as  the  pre- 
sent City  of  AlV>any,  set  Fail  on  the  4th  of  October  for  Europe,  bearing  the 
news  of  the  cjibtrovery  of  a  new  cuuutry — ths  opening  for  the  new  eoimmrc^-^ 
lor  nlthou^h  his  patn-ns  were  disappointed  in  finding  a  short  roid  to  the  land 
of  siik';,  teas,  a)id  tp  ices,  still,  his  gr;jat  ili-^-overy  was  destined  to  open  in 
fuvar*^  *ime  mints  of  wealtli,  more  valuable  than  rdl  the  imagined  riches  of  the 
Cclestia]  Empire. 

Z^ki  that  pf^riod,  Holland  carried  I'n  a  lucrative  tiade  vrith  the  East  Indies  end 
Russia.  Ev'^ry  y<'ar  thej'  dispr.tchcd  nearly  one  l-rmdred  ships  to  ■•Archangel 
for  i\xr^  ;  but  HidsonV-  glowing  accounts  of  the  -."ich  peltry  he  had  seen  in  the 
newly  di^cov*  red  re^-ion.';  soon  turned  the  atttnlion  of   the  busy  Dutch    to  a 


c 
\ 


,  WtT-     \-i. 


■0. 


J 


AXl'EMUX.  33 

r^imtry  \vlic-re  thf^o  r.niclcp  co"J('.  ho  pur.  ).a»;«^'1  ^vijbout  Ihr  (nsrs  of  cunt-jm- 
lioiuf^H  and  other  diifios.  Aoc<'r.lii:;^]y,  in  the  your  KUO,  a  few  a^tr*  banis  dis- 
patclipd  ;\iif'lhr-r  ves-iel,  un.ler  Vm  tO!!iii!?.?;d  of  tlic  jJ'iif-}f'ju:i\*  foroier  inaU, 
to  tniflic  iu  f u;-s  witli  Ibc  Ii'.iiiauK.  Tin's  euluremit  willi  bncb  success,  that 
two  yertr>i  ifter,  in  !''.1'2.  tbe  F"rlnnr  feiul  tlif  TigT,  cunnnai^dfed,  respectively, 
by  Hei;>5r^.k  Chris;ici>r.'^'U  iiiul  Adii-^n  iJkuk.  aiilnl  on  a  trp.iUng  voyage  to  tbe 
"  Maiir'ti-.is  Uivfr."  as  tbe  llodson  Viii>  iii>t  u.-ucod.  Tbe  following  year, 
also,  throe  more  vcs.'-els.  cunji'iiiud'-d  by  CapLiiiih  iJe  Y\'itf.  Vi'lcki-rtsfu,  and 
Vi't-v,  Kailnl  from  Aro.-:ltTtL-.ni  au>1  Hciveu  on  a  -imilur  advent iue.  Those  ■n<'re 
tbe  b'>;;!!u;in?i;>-'  of  t^io  iiai"'irt:ir!t  fnr  trade  which  vae.  erp  loi^c;.  to  be  a  chi»'f 
KOiirce  (>f  M'ealth  to  lioll.'.Tid  -irid  Anjr-rica.  It  '.vas  cow  det<.i;i:infd  to  open  u 
regnlar  <.-oiii/:inuic;iliou  with  llie  ue-.vly-discovor^'.d  regii^n,  and  to  make  the 
Island  of  Manhattan  ths  depot  of  the  fur  trade  in  Au:orioa.  It  was  also 
resolved  to  c-sfp.blish  j-frinaut  al  agents  here  for  tlu  purL-l  a^e  and  colleition  of 
skins,  whilr  th>^  \f-s.-,e!s  were  on  their  voyajjc-  to  and  from  H:>l!an(l,  Captain 
Hf-ijdrjtk  (  hristiaPiiseii  bocr-iiie  the  fir-t  agent,  aijj  liuilt  a  leduuot.  with  fonr 
►•/iiall   bonscs.    on  v!rj';nd  Nvhich,  it  is  ^ftid,  is  now  the  site  of  No.  3'J  liroadway. 

.\  little  uavy  V, as  coiiuncnc'.-d  abont  tbe  same  period,  by  Captiiiu  Adrien 
Rloi-k.  one  of  the  voss^^^ls  of  wh:<;h  was  acc.idemalh  bnrred,  just  on  the  eve  of 
his  deparlnre  for  Holland.  Having  abt.udaiit  maienals.  however,  in  the 
Island  of  Mp.^hattau,  he  tinisLe«\  another;  and  in  the  spring  of  l.iH,  lacncbed 
ttm  first  vessel  ever  bailt  iu  New^AimJ^rdata.  She  was  named  the  JUi^UTi*.  a 
y!\rSt~Tff^ixtcfvrtons'^^^aT':TaT^^  ever-busy  and  f':tiiro  great  citj-. 

'J'he  entire  winK-r  j^as'^ed  i;-.  bnilding  thevcs.^f-I.  the  ludiaus  kindly  supplying 
fhe  £tr.i))R''rs  with  ^ood.  Such  were  the  earliest  luovemdits  of  coniinorce  iu 
N'.'iv  Ntiherlands  abont  284  yeuis  ago. 

A  few  months  before  Captain  Block's  rttuiu  to  Holland,  the  Stites- 
Ofueral  of  the  Xeiherlauds,  with  a  view  of  oucf'nraging  emigration, 
j'lisseJ  an  (>r(liniiiu'5  granting  the  discovtrc-rers  of  i;ew  countries  the  exclu- 
sive privilege  of  t::vd:ng  at  Munhattr.n  duriu.L;  four  voyages.  Accordingly, 
iliu  in<r.'ljants  who  hail  sent  "••nt  the  llrst  c,\pediii(jn  had  a  jnap  made  of  nil 
the  country  betw  e-^n  Cj.riul.i  n;iu  \'irginia,  a-i  the  whole  i^ew  .■"egion  v,ks  called, 
aijd  rlal'ning  to  be  the  orii,'i;ial  diK..overerfi,  petitioned  the  Go>err,jEeiit  for  the 
proiuised  monopoly.  Their  p^titioa  was  eranted  ;  andean  the  11th  of  Octo- 
ber, 1G14.  the^'  obi.iined  a-h.iittr  for  the  ochisive  righ.f  of  the?  trade  on  the 
lenitory  within  the  -10th  and  ■l.'jlh  degrees  of  north  latitude.  Tbe  charter  also 
forbade  all  other  perrfons  to  interfere  with  this  nuniopoly,  in  the  penally  of 
coutis.'dtiiig  both  vt.'^sels  and  cargoe>^,  witli  a  fine  also  of  fiO.MOO  Dutch 
dnc.Tls  fi)r  the  lienefit  of  the  ch.irter's  grantees.  Thf  new  jiroviuce  first  for- 
mally received  tbo  caiiiC  of  .A>/p  X'tlurJ/tr.d  in  ibis  doc-uinent ;  uud  DuU^h 
merchai,fs,  associnting  themselves  under  tha  aime  of  tliC  "  Tnited  Xev?  Netb- 
erliiud  f.'ouipany,"  straight  w.vy  prepared  to  conduct  their  operations  on  a  more 
exteu!:i^•e  scale.  Tr^^diug  parties  iu  the  interior  hritteued  to  colh-ct  furs  from 
tbe  Indians,  and  deposit  them  at  Fort  Nassau  (Albany)  and  Manhattan. 
Jacob  Eelkins:,  a  shre;vd  trader,  received  the  appointment  of  agent  at  the 
former  |^]rice,  \vhei«  the  f.rfci  cue,  Captain  CbrJFtiaeusen,  bad  been  murdered 
by  an  Indian.     This  was  the  first  mnrd'T  ever  recorded  in  the    new   province. 

In  the  year  l>il7^a  formal  treaty  of  pea£e_andaHiance  w^is  concluded  Jae- 
tween  th-j  J)utcti  i.i.d  ;he  powerfuTTTatlon  of  FbelroipIoiKl  Tbe~pipe  of  peace 
waTTBWoItod,  au  I  .ut  hate^net  burlecl  in  the  earthfon  the  present  tita  of 
Ail-any. 

Trade  bc.-am'-  !,o  prcfitahle,  Ihrt  Tvhen  the  charter  of  tbe  United  \cw  Xeth- 
erhnd  Company  ei:pured,  in  ICIS.  thty  petitioned  for  arene^'al,  but  failing  to 
obtain  it  thty  coaticu^d  thtir  L-ade  t\*o  or  three  jOe.T6  longer,  under  a  fpeci&l 
c«.nM. 


C4  APl'EXDIX. 

Up  to  this  p.riod,  lb'?  Holkivloi-R  lind  oon.-.idcrcil  M.inbaflau  .is  a  tradhiR 
pi -St  only,  aiid  ilw;  It  in  mere  tf^nijionKy  buts  ol  rn  le  couptn^clion.  Hut  the 
Liriti>-b  uow  <;\pl.ired  the  Ainsil'f.11  t'>aKt,  <'li;iijiiug  tbf.  whole  rtgion  betvreou 
Caufidd  aud  Viryiuin.,  (itfd  frrui  the  Ailinlie  to  the  PiK-iiic  Oceans;  aud  the 
Dutch,  consc^ii'Utly  bcgau  to  r.-'.ilizc  the  importance  of  seonring  the  Aiueri- 
oan  po.-^cjssions  in  tlie  new  province.  Th''  EuLtlit^h  Puritanf;,  luaring  glowing 
aeconu's  of  the  Now  Notb-r]:i.i:d,  ieipii->st(d  ])t-miission  to  (.•niif.';rate  (here  vith 
(li.nr  fanrilit's.  IJr.t  the  S'.ates-Geucrul,  bavmj,'  otbor  piins  in  view,  d'-cliued 
the  pnivcfs  <:f  (be  Puritans.  They  thought  it  bettpr  policy  Ui  supply  tlio  new 
province  with  their  own  r-iu'itr^nien,  a,ud  on  the  third  of  ■Tune,  IC'il,  granted 
a  charter  to  th-;  Wcyt  IiidWv  Compi^ny  f<;r  tv.'euly  ytMrs.  ■nhich  conferred  npf>a 
them  the  excluKive  jurib-lijtion  over  New  Netberland.  Meanwhile,  the  P.iri- 
tans,  not  tVNbearteJied,  reacli'-'d  Plyniojilh  Kock,  and  tbr.s  conveytd  their 
faith  ajid  tr.illic  to  tho  sb..r;b  of  New  Ivii^l.ind,  where  they  t-outiiuic  t-o  this 
day, 

'J'hc  "Wtst  India  Oonijiany  now  began  to  colcuize  tlic  now  provinc,-;  wiih 
fre^h /xal.  Th^^  .\i)ist' rii;'.iu  f'!;,iaibt.r,  irj  l'J'J3,  tilttd  out  k  sliiji  of  ;?")0  tdjiB, 
thi3  JVfW  ydfuriuiuf,  in  whith  tlii^ty  fiiiuilieK  eniba/ke.!  for  (be  distant  terri- 
tory whose  nnn.e  she  boro.  fai^tuiii  Wt-y  cnminaniicd  the  expetlitinn.  having 
lieen  .-if)pfint'd  the  tirst  Director  of  l.hc  jtixniuce.  Most  of  (he  '■.olonists  were 
WiiUooiix,  ox  Fveueb  Prolt^'-cn's,  fr.cu  the  bonier'^  of  Fr.vnce  and  Belf;ium 
au-1  fio'tglil  a  boiuf  from  rL-liL,i''ns  pcrsocntious  in  tbuir  own  land. 

With  the  ^.rnviil  of  '.h<'  .\<r  Xtlfi<  -ln)'-l,  a  new  mc.  in  the  d-jii-e^tic  history 
of  the  setti'Ui'jnt  began.  Soon  sj'W-mills  supplied  the  Tucessary  timber  for 
comfortable  dwellings,  in  Die  j;lacc  of  the  b;trk-htits  built  afU-r  the  Indian 
fii^hion.  The  i?ew  buildings  were  generally  one-story  higlj,  with  two 
rooitiK  on  a  floor,  and  a  th;;tehedri'of  gjsrret.  I'^r^m  the  w.nit  of  brick  and  mor- 
far,  the  chinineys  wpre  cousliudrd  of  wood.  Tlie  n  terior  was,  i;s  a  matter  of 
oour.'^e,  v'.ry  scanily  snppjic'd  viih  furniture — the  gr^dt  cin  st  frora  FntJirr- 
Iniid,  with  its  pn;^ed  ]:( asebold  gOu;ls,  being  tlie  most  imposing  article. 
T.il)leK  were  g<n<rally  the  beans  of  l)arrels  pi  iccd  on  '>i'd;  r'.>ugh  shjlvrs  cou- 
stituled  the  enpl/Canl.  and  el.tiiis  \»crc  log.s  of  A.'Ojd  rougli  liewn  from  the 
forext.  To  comjil'ite  the  furniture,  there  was  tlie  well  hnowQ  '  Slxip 
Jii'Tick.^^  or  f,lcfcping-l>encb— the  bedstead-  whr-ie  lay  the  bo:ist.  the  pride,  the 
comfort  of  a  Dutch  bou.sel;<-ei;er,  the  f'-ather  bed.  Around  the  i>ret>e)it  Bat- 
ten' and  Co<')iti<s  Plij)  and  the  yowling-frieen  v.tre  the  housH^,  a  f •  w  of 
wliicb  kvere  s-iiToui.ded  by  gardens.  The  fniit-trees  often  e.\cit<"d  the  thievish 
propensities  of  tlie  uitives.and  one  devastating  wur  followed  the  shooting  of  aii 
Indian  girl  V. bile  st(':iiiiig  pcacbts  fr^ni  ;iii  orchard  on  Broad'.\ny.  near  the 
present  IJuwling  Grec'i.  Meanwhile  connnerce  kept  ]'ace  with  the  new 
h'.nseK,  and  the  staunch  ship,  thi>  .'At  Xftficrl-nu!,  r.'tumed  to  IIoILmd  w  th 
a  c.irgo  of  furs  valued  at  >:12.Ui>0.'' 

.•\uxiouK  to  fidlil  itsjpart  of  the  Rpv<  enaent.  thft  West  ^ndia  Company  iu 
lf-25,  also  sent  to  Manhif.an  three  ships  and  a  vat  ht,  containing  a  number  of 
families,  armed  with  faiiuing  implerjents,  and  IW  head  of  cattle.  F>^aring 
the  cattle  niight  be  lost  in  the  surrounding  forests,  the  settl-^rs  landed  them 
on  Nutteu'fi  (Governor's)  I.t^land,  but  afterward  conveyed  theai  to  Manhattan. 
Two  more  vpssel.s  shortly  after  arrived  frr^m  Holland,  and  the  settlement  soon 
numbered  fiomo  200  persons,  and  gave  prijmise  of  p<=-rmanency. 

In  the  year  l(i24,  "NVey,  returning  to  Holland,  William  Verhulst  succeeded 
hiui  in  the  Directorship.  The  lilter^ however,  d'd  not  long  enjoy  tb.e  emoln- 
mentsof  "fficc,  for  I't  the  (-n<l  ojf  the  year  he  also  was  recalled,  and  Peter  Minuit 
ap(»oint''d,  in  his  jilace.  iJirector-Geuf-ral  of  New  Nethej-land,  with  full  power 
to  org  .nize  a  jjrovisional  govejument.  He  firrived  iL'iy  -1,  1626.  in  the  ship 
Svimon,  Adnar  Jovis,  captain.      The  tirnt  seal  was  now  granted  to  the  pro- 


,  Al'PEKDIX.  35 

vItiiO.  Laving  for  n  orc-t.  n  ln^iivfr,  Umn  wbicL,  fur  n  oop.t  of  anns,  uif.hiug 
ctiiM  anve  bV:-n:  uiMre  Rpprojiriaie.  It  uas  filling  thrtt  the  earlii^st  Hi'U'inJers 
of  Mjc  "  Einpire  City  "  sliouUl  thi;.<  Lonor  tbe  auiuiftl  that  was  ol'  Inst  euricli- 
in^  th-em  in  tlieir  newly-ii'if>l>t*»d  bcnip. 

To  tbe  credit  of  Director  Miuuit,  bo  it  eaid.  the  very  first  r.ct  of  bis  admia- 
i.-tr.itii.ii  was  to  jiuri'Lnst.-  in  an  oi'en  aud  houi-rable  iiiiinner  '.h''>  I.-slanJ  of  Mhq- 
huttau  from  tbe  Iuili..a>!  for  sixty  giKk-rs,  or  twcity-four  ilollars.  Tb'^  Is!ft»(l 
it«.-:if  v\-;is  csti-na'ej  tu  cont<>.iu  2'i.<lf>fl  acre*--.  Tli^:  ph'^e  paid,  it  is  (nu-,  was  a 
more  trilie,  but  tbe  purcbase  itself  vas  lawful  aud  sat  i.- factory  to  tbe  uboriginal 
owners — a  f:;ct  ^vbich  cr.uuol  be  truly  said  iu  rtgard  to  otLor  regions  taken 
fr  Jiu  the  ludiauK.  >■ 

To  r.-ssiht  hi'ji  in  carrying  out  bic  instructions,  the  Pire'ttor  was  furnisbed 
with  aa  E\peiitivc- Cfj'inoil.  TtiO  latter  ^xa^,.  iu  turu,  r.s^isted  by  tba  K'Xjphhin, 
vbo  actt'd  as  Sfcrotary  to  tbe  provino  \\\\\  hook-ki^eper  <A  tbe  {lublic  ware- 
»:b'3us«i.  Last  "f  all.  camo  tbe  S<  }i''U.t-r'i-f:'al,  a  i-ivil  factouwu,  half  sheriff  aud 
attiiraey-^Oiiiod,  o.xeoative  otHotr  uf  tb-"-  Couiu  il,  aud  j^iTc-ral  custuui-hou«e 
o!!iciaL  Thus  early  had  the  Putcb  au  eye  to  the  ''  uidn  fbaucf:;,"  tbe  exjKirt 
of  fiirs-  that  j-rar  (ICi'itt)  aiiiuuuiiug  to  $l-*,000,  and  J^i^'iug  promiso  of  a  cou- 
htant   inoroase. 

Some  thirty  rudely  coustnicttd  I'-'g-bor.yes  now  e\teudcd  along  tbe  .shore  of 
the  F.HSt  Itivpr.  nnd  tbcr.e.  with  iv  l<ioi  k-housc,  a  borst-mill,  and 
a  ■•  Ov  iiipauy's  "  thati  bed  btoue  buildiu}',  constituu'd  the  .settl'^oient  of  tbe 
pr«-s«ut  City  of  New  York.  (^leigymAU  or  K.hoobua^ter  was  a.n  ynt  unknown 
Hi  the  infaut  c'louy.  Every  f-ettlc-r  bad  his  owu  oiibiu  .od  cowk,  tilled  his 
j.HQ.I  or  iruJod  with  (he  ladiaus  — all  were  busy,  like  their  own  euiblciu,  the 
bf-aver. 

In  t)je  year  ]fi2'.).  tbe  "  CbartP.r  of  I'rivileges  and  Exerjiptions  "  was  gnuitod 
iu  Ho'.laiid.  and  patr"//"  wer<'  allowed  to  sottle  in  tbe  new  co'ony.  ThiR  iiu- 
poit:.ut  (locuuient  traufiferT'-d  t)  ilie  free  soil  of  America  tbe  old  feudal  t«unre  , 
i.r.i\  bi);-dfutf  of  Cout'.ucntiiJ  Eiir.ipe.  Tbe  pi-opcsed  J'ti'i'"/ii>n'i  x  were  only 
lri';.scrl;>t^  of  tbe  St!'jiievri(-K  ;uid  Li/rdxh^-p^-  po  comuku  at  tb.it  jv-riod.  and 
vJiich  rb<  Fr,^.:i:  -■■::•■,"'  *b.:^  '•"m.  Ll.i.o,  O'stablisbing  iu  Canada.  In  that 
pr<^.inoe,  even  at  tbe  present  daj-,  \\v-  feudal  appcudageb  of  jurisdiotion.  pre- 
emjitioa  rights,  nionc)"iilieR  of  mines,  minerals  and  waters,  with  bunting,  fish- 
ing aud  fuv.'liutT.  forui  a  part  of  the  civil  law.  Pursuiu;^,  how^ever,  a  more 
liberal  pi-liry.  tba  grantees  of  the  charter  to  tlit  New  N -th'-rland  7>'/</-ik//'* 
becurftd  tbe  Indian's  right  to  his  native  toil,  at  the  Siuue  time  enjoining  school* 
and  cburches.  * 

Meanwliile,  tbe  settlement  in  New  Notbr-rlanJ  continued  to  jiropper,  and 
soon  became  the  i>rii!cij)al  dejxji  for  the  fur  and  ccaKting  tr.ide  of  iiw  p'jtri>otts. 
The  lailor  were  obliged  to  Imd  all  tbeii  cargoes  at  Fort  Aiusterdam  :  and  in 
tbe  yeara  K'2')-30.  tbe  iuipcrts  from  old  Amsterdam  anjounted  to  113,001) 
gailderi,  and  tbe  erportb  from  Manbattan  exceeded  13(),i)00.  Tbe  Company  r»- 
b.?rved  the  exclusive  right  to  tbe  fur  trade,  and  imposed  a  duty  of  five  per 
cent,  on  all  the  tnide  of  \h<d  2"itrM7i*. 

The  in>iabitiintB,  iu  order  not  to  be  idle,  turned  their  attention,  ^rith  fr^sh 
7t.'J,  to  t-l  iji-building,  and  with  so  iDU'jb  success,  L)at  as  early  as  1631,  New 
An^Hterdaui  bad  become  tlie  metropoliu  of  the  New  World.  Th<»  Neu>  Nether- 
laiui*,  &  Bbip  of  8f>0  toun,  was  built  at  Manhattan,  and  dispatched  to  Holland 
— an  imponant  event  of  the  lianes,  since  the  vessel  wati  one  of  tbe  largest 
infTchautmen  of  the  wurld.  It  wa«  a  very  cvistly  eAptrimeut,  however,  and 
was  not  poon  repeated.  Emigrants  from  all  nations  now  bt-gan  to  flock  into 
tbe  new  colony.  Tbty  were  jirincipally  ind\iced  to  c.ime  by  tbe  liberal  offers 
of  the  Dutch  Coiupauy,  w}>o  transported  them  iu  its  own  veseelK  at  the  cheap 
rate   of   twelve   and  a   half  cents  ptr  Oitm  jjassnge  and  stores  ;  giving  them, 


r.l.-«»,  .IS  a  still  funbfr  indncenient,  as  DincL  lam^  as  iLc-y  conM  cnltivalc.  Nor 
weto  th"<*  the  only  rcu.sous  '.vLich  i:tiiseil  thrui  to  leiive  tueir  Fid'terlcnd. 
M'ilh  :\  wis?  .^!id  liberal  poii<;y.  t'^tally  ilifferent  from  that  of  its  eastern  neigh- 
Lors.  tue  Dutch  ,2;r,iuti^d  the  ir.llost  rcMu'ifius  icUriition.  The  "Wjilloonr,  Cal- 
vinist*.  Quakers  Calbolii-s  nnd  Ji^wk.  nil  fonud  a  s:\fe  and  religious  iiome  ;□  tlie 
New  Netnerlfti'd,  .ind  here  laid  the  hri,ad  a5:d  s"'lid  funmliition  of  that  tolerant 
chamoter  ever  sinc«  retaiii<;d  \>y  the  City  of  Now  Yorl:.  In  onr  streets  and 
a'onr;  oar  broad  av^iines  Juny  Lc  seen  on  aay  Sabb.itVi,  Jews,  Geutih'S  and 
Curistiai;c.  all  worshi])ing  God  in  their  pacrtd  teuiples,  and  *'  aeeording  to 
the  dicta't5  i.f  their  own  eonscicDce." 

Ill  tbo  s-'-.w  year  (IC.  52),  Peter  Misuit.  the  Director.  ;t  will  be  remembered, 
<'f  New  NethiTlf.ud.  ^vas  bMsj/ei'tel  of  faviirii'g  the  jr.ti-xnis.  and  was  recalled 
fr.):u  I:!-!  Direi:LO^--hip.  He  returned  to  llo'laiid  iu  the  f-hip  }\cn'l:-(iyt  (-.vhicb 
b.id  b'.'oiiijht  over  iiis  dismissal),  which  carried,  also,  a  return  cargo  of  n.OlX) 
beavei^skin^: — :-.ii  evid;^n.-c  of  the  colony's  ci)mmercial  ijrosjieity.  The  vcs.-el. 
driven  by  strc.vs  of  M'tiitiier,  jJul  into  the  barb'Or  of  I'lynioiith,  where  she  was 
retained,  oa  the  ground  of  having  ill<  gaily  interfered  with  Engli.^h  monop- 
(ilies.  This  urre^t  of  the  D:itch  trader  led  to  a  correspondence  between  tiie 
rival  pov  ers,  in  v  hich  the  respective  cluinis  of  each  were  distinctly  set  fodh. 
The  Hullauders  claimed  the  fcllowin;?  {grounds  :  1st.  Its  discovery  by  them 
in  the  year  1»;00;  2d.  The  ret.:m  of  their  ptople  in  1<']0 -.  3d.  The  grant  of 
a  trf..liag  chi.ler  iu  IfiH :  ith.  The  maint«'uanoe  of  a  ftn-t.  nutil  iri2). 
\\^\x<t^i  tba  Vi'est  India  O'^mipany  was  'organized  :  and,  5th.  Their  ]^nrchase  of 
the  l.iud  frou)  the  Ijxliaus.  The  E-ij,'iish,  c^u  the  contrary,  defended  their 
riglU  of  po<^oss!on  fiom  the  i)rior  dis.-overy  of  Cubot  and  the  patent  of 
Jaiucs  I.  lb  the.  Plymouth  Cojnpany.  The  Indians,  they  arguf-d,  a.s  wanderers, 
vsere  :ioi  the  />";:(/  /?('<;  os^ucrs  of  the  land,  and  h -v.<-e,  had  no 
rij^'ht  to  it.  conscqnently.  their  titles  n.'tT-l  be  irivalid.  Bi.t  Knghmd,  beinf;  at 
thi-j  period  jnst  on  the  evo  of  a  c^vil  w.-.r,  was  in  no  conditn  n  to  force  her 
claims:  and  she,  Ihereforo,  bavinj^  released  the  E' 'nfrnj*.  contented  herself 
with  tlMfci'iere  assimptioa  of  authority  — reserving  the  accotnpl^'ihmeut  of  her 
dt.-^ignffirtii  a  more  convenifut  s-^asi^n. 

At  lerigr'n,  in  the  month  of  Airil,  lii'-'i'^,  the  ship  !^>''f'ih<_.rr;  reached  Manhat- 
tan vifli  Woiittjr  \"an  T.viiler.  the  nev.-  Director- Geiieral  (or  Govi  rnor).  and  a 
tnilitary  force  of  one  hundi-cd  and  fonr  soldiers,  together  with  a  Spanish 
c.'imvel,  ca)>:>ired  on  the.  way.  Among  the  passengers,  also  came  l."'omiuie 
I^eriidns  llogardns  and  Adam  Roolansen,  the  first  regular  clergyman  and 
Bchoolmaster  to  Nsw  Aiesterdaia.  A  church  now  became  iudispOisaDle  ;  and 
n  room  over  the  horse-niill,  where  prayers  had  been  regularly  read  for  seven 
ycai-s.  was  abandoned  fc.r  a  rude  wofiden  church,  on  Pearl,  between  Whitehall 
.•ii:d  Pro  id  "-treets,  on  the  shore  <'f  the  Plnst  J'iver.  Tliis  was  the  first  Itt^fomied 
])iitch  Church  in  the  city  ;  and  near  by  \v-ere  constructed  the  parsonage  and 
thi  D^miaie's  stables.  The  gr.ueyard  was  laid  out  on  lU'oadnay  in  the 
vicinity  of  Morri.-?  street. 

Van  'INviller  occupied  ''  Farn:  No.  1"  of  tlie  Com])any.  which  extended  from 
Wall  to  Hudson  street.  "  Farm  No.  3,"  at  (ireenwich,  he  approjiriatcd  as  his 
tobacco  ]iIantation.  The  new  Governor  and  the  Domiiiie  did  not  harmonize. 
Bogardus  had  interfered  in  i.ublic  concerns,  which  A'au  J" wilier  resented,  the 
fori;]<=T,  fro!ij  his  juilpit.  pnuounced  the  Governor  n  "  Child  of  Suian."  This, 
doubtless,  was  very  true,  lait  the  "Child  of  S.itan  "  becam?  so  incensed,  as 
never  to  enter  the  church  door  again.  Eail}'  times  had  their  own  peculiar  ways 
of  doing  things,  the  sajue  as  ourselves.  In  DISS,  ■•  for  slandering  the  Kev.  E. 
Bogardus."  au  old  record  states,  '•  a  wonutn  was  obliged  to  appear  at  the 
sound  of  a  bell,  iu  the  fort,  before  the  Governor  and  Council,  and  y-Ay  that  she 
knew  Ijc  was  honest  and  pious,  and  that  she  had  lied  falsely." 


/ 


APIT.NDlt.  n 


Yaii  Twillt-r  hail  liopii  ]jroiuotc(l  fioiu  n  clerksliip  ic  sLc  Couiiiany's  Ware- 
Lou-ie.  ;md  f.oeius  to  Imve  becu  a  \o.ry  iucoiiU'etful  Guvcfuor.  He  proli.ahlj' 
oLuiiufd  the  pkcb,  not  from  fitni^ss,  but  froui  the  same  uieans  whifh  act  in 
siiiiiiar  ca«c-s  nt  the  pr.^sent  day,  viz  :  }inlit:c;il  iuflaeiu'-e,  arising  from  the 
fac:  ibat  he  had  ui.imod  the-  d;niy)iter  of  Killian  V.m  Kon.-scIaer,  the  wealthy 
pntr-K'n. 

The  Conip.'tny  bid  authorized  him  to  fortify  the  depots  of  the  fur  trade. 
Accjrdinyly,  the  fort  on  the  Bittery,  comiaonot-d  J:i  tue  ye>ir  ltV2t),  was  re- 
bi'.iit.  and  a  guard-horse  and  barraclcK  prep.ircd  f>r  '.ha  soldiers.  Several 
brivk  and  Ktone  dwi'liir.gs  wi-re  erected  within  ll;e  fort,  acd  three  windmills, 
iLSed  to  grind  the  grain  for  the  garrison,  on  the  sonihvrr  ^t  ba-^tion  of  the  fort. 
.\frican  slaves  were  the  laborers  ])rinciiiariy  en-;r.s^td  npt'U  those  improve- 
iiK-nts.  At  a  subsequent  jieriod,  wlu'U  th"-~e  j^Iaves  had  gr^pwu  old,  they 
)-e:i:i<!ned  the  authoritieh  fur  th^ir  freedom,  and  recomitc-'i  their  .s<.rvices  at 
the  tin.e  mentioned  in  enppojt  of  their  aj.p'.ie.-.ticn.  in  proof  of  v.hich  they 
l>rt  ^-nted  a  eerlifieate  <„'iveu  them  by  their  overse<.r  :  '■  That  during  the  ad- 
luiuistr.itioD  of  V..i;  Tv>iller.  he  (Ja'-ob  StoCeb-^-u).  liS  overseer  of  the  Coni- 
jiftuj'is  negroc;:,  w-.i.-;  continnnlly  employed  with  said  cegro.-i  in  the  constmc- 
ti-Ji'.  of  Fort  .A.nisterdaci,  whieli  was  finished  in  l«>v">  :  and  that  the  negroes 
.issistc-d  in  choj  j>in;^  trees  for  the  bi;,'  h'juse.  iuaVii,g  :-.nd  spliuing  palisades, 
:iiid  oth'ir  work."  The  ''big  hunse  "  here  ref  err- d  to  was  the  Guvernor's 
r»-sideuce.  It  was  Iniilt  of  brick,  and  was.  no  donbt,  a  .substantial  edifice,  ajs 
it  is  f.'iind  to  have  served  for  the  r«  ^i^ieuee  of  sncccssive  chiefs  of  the  colony 
ilurin;^  tlie  whole  of  the  Dutch  em.  and  for  a  f^w  years  snbseqnenL 

In  respect  to  the  walls  of  the  fort,  they  were  in  ::o  Tfi.-e  improved  by  the 
iiicimpeteul  YanTwilkr,  excciit  the  uorihwot  bastion,  which  wr^s  faced  with 
^t^)ne.  The  othor  parts  of  the  walls  were  sinjply  b^nks  of  earth  without 
«!!lchos:  nor  \^ere  tLey  even  sniTounded  by  a  fence  to  k»  ep  f»ff  tha  goats  and 
rmimals  rnnniig  wild  in  the  town.  Wlien  (rviv-^ni-'r  Kioft  arriveti,  in  1G38.  jw 
V;in  Twiller's  .su.-ces.sor,  he  found  the  fort  in  a  .l.'c.iyed  state.  "  opening ou 
every  side,  so  that  nothing  could  iib.sti-uci  fjuir.-::  in  or  coniiiig  ont,  except  at 
the  stone  pcint."  Xcverth'^less,  there  is  no  doubt  that  the  fort  exercised  a 
very  salntar\'  influence  in  kei-jiing  the  ludiarjs  at  a  resj^tctfal  di.stance. 

In  l''.3;j,  the  commercial  import<irice  of  New  Am-terdam  Wits  iucrp.;»sed  by 
the  yrant  of  the  '•  Staple  Kight."  a  sort  of  feadaJ  jirlvil*  ge  simiLir  to  the 
t'.itlirl.ind.  By  it,  all  vessels  trading  along  the  tvi>t,  or  sailing  ou  the  rivers, 
w(  rcobligedto  eitber  discharge  their  cargoes  at  the  i^^-jri,  or  j-ay  certain  dnties. 
This  soon  became  a  valuable  right,  us  it  gave  to  Xew  .Kmstenlaoi  the  commer- 
4-i.J  nu.noj'oly  of  the  whole  Dut<.'h  province. 

A  sliort  tiuae  before  the  arrival  of  (ie.imor  Van  T wilier.  De  Vrici,  who'» 
biile  colony  at  Su.alendael,  Delaware  had  l.e^n  l-m:  off  by  t'at  Iniliaus,  returned 
to  .\mi  Hca  on  a  visit,  in  the  mauimoth  ship.  Stir  yiihrhniri.  A  yacht, 
about  tliifi  time,  also  arrived — the  English  Khij\  MV/'V-i.v,  with  Jacob  Eelkins, 
\.  ho  bad  been  dismissed  as  superc:irgo  by  the  Co'.npany,  in  l'"^2.  Enraged  by 
this  dismissal,  he  had  entered  the  service  of  the  r.ngli>h.  and  had  now  retumej 
to  I  remote  their  ie.terests  in  the  fur  trade  on  the  Mauritius  (Hudv:jn^  Kiver. 

This  was  a  Ixild  act.  and  contr.iry  to  the  jiolicy  of  ihe  West  India  Comp.iny. 
Accordingly,  Van  T-^illor,  who,  though  mu  inetScieut  Gov.  raor,  was  a  thor- 
ough merchant,  a)id  ruderstood  the  importajit  m.-iiit.j)'jly  of  the  fur  trade, 
refused  nermission  for  the  \  f  ^sel  to  ])roceed  f  iilh;;r  ou  its  way.  His  demand 
n[>ou  F.elkins  for  his  c<irau'iissic>n  w;is  refused  by  ths  u.tter,  ou  the  ground  that 
Le  occupied  British  territory,  and  w;mid  ixiil  up  the  river  at  the  cost,  if  need 
1>€,  of  his  I'fe.  There"i'oi),  the  Dirtrctor,  orlerii^g  the  m-.'iouid  flag  to  be 
hoisted,  anil  three  g;ii:s  to  be  fired  in  honor  of  the  Pri^-ce  of  Omnge,  forbade 
!iim   to  proceed   fu.-ther   in   the  name  of  bis  master,  ;Le  Dutch  Goveriuiieut. 


38  APPENDIX. 

Bat,  fur  from  lichig  danntt"!  by  tlils  jjrobibition,  EelKins  answeretl  by  running 
np,  in  his  turn,  the  Uriti^h  colore,  firing  a  valu'.e  for  King  Charles,  and  coolly 
Meercd  np  the  river  in  dollauco  of  Fort  ATusterdatD.  The  Rnjazenieut  of 
Van  Twiller  »t  the  audaiity  of  (ce  os-Dutcb  agent  may  be  easily  imagined. 
Astonished  afi  he  was  at  this  d;ir:ng  act,  the  Dirocior,  nevertheless,  proceeded, 
very  philoKophic  illy  :  First,  he  f.nniijioned  all  the  people  t.o  the  front  of  the 
fort,  no*  the  Bowling  Green  ;  next  ha  ordi^red  a  cask  of  ^r':ne,  and  another  of 
beer  ;  then,  lulling  his  own  gl3<;s,  he  called  on  all  good  citizens  who  loved 
tlic  Priaoe  of  C>''angt-  to  follow  hih  pp.triotio  cxaijjple,  and  drink  confusion  to 
the  Jruglish  GovfTninent.  The  peo;:Ie,  of  coarfie,  wer-^  not  slow  iii  obeying 
this  reasonable  requoKt  :  inde'-d.  what  more  ci  uld  thty  d'>,  for  the  English 
trhip  wiiti  nuw  far  beyond  all  reach.  >.,..fely  pursuing  her  way  up  the  Kuilson. 
tStill,  vhile  they  drank  his  wine,  thoy  were  deeply  mortitied  at  the  Governor's 
»;owar.lice.  De  Vries  openly  charged  bii'i  ^^  ith  it,  and  plainly  told  him,  if  it 
Lad  been  hiii  case,  he  should  have  sent  pojuq  "  eight-pound  beans  "  after  tlxp 
impudent  Englishnian,  and  h(lj)od  liiin  down  the  riser  cgaiii:  but  it  being 
now  too  late  to  do  this,  he  should  send  the  Su^thl-a-'j  after  him  and  drive  him 
down  the  river.  The  effect  of  thib  advice  was  not  lost  upon  the  Guveinor,  for 
a  few  days  after, Van  Twiller  t-crew-.d  up  hi.^  courage  .siitliciontly  to  dispaich  an 
armed  force  to  Fort  Orange  (Albany),  ^^here  Eelkins  had  pitched  his  tent,  and 
where  he  found  Lc  was  busily  engaged  in  trading  with  the  Indians.  The 
Dutch  boldiers  quickly  destroyed  his  cau\  us  i-tore.  and,  re-shipping  the  go-xls, 
brought  ihe  vetsel  back  toFort  .\.uii-terd.'.ui.  Eelkins  \v;.k  then  recpdred  to 
yive  up  his  peltry;  after  whicl.'.  he  was  sent  to  boa,  with  the  warning  never 
again  to  i?iferfere  with  the  Dutch  Goveniineut  trade. 

Me.'.uwhile  the  settloujent  at  Fort  An-.slorduni- -the  Now  York  eudir^'o^-con- 
liuned  to  increase  and  prosper,  luen  ot  entorprise  and  wealth  often  arriving. 
Most  of  these  came  Irouj  the  Dutch  Netherlands,  and  thus  tranKf':rred  the 
doui'.-stic  economy  and  habits  of  Holland  .md  the  Khine  to  the  banks  of  the 
Hudson.  Ships  were  loa<"4«  d  with  bri'^ks  biimeii  in  Hohi-ud,  and.  at  Mrnt,  every 
dwelling  was  icodelcd  afttr  tlH»e  thcj-  had  le^t,  aiid  wiih  store-rooms  for 
tr-vde,  like  those  of  Amsterdam  and  othi-r  trading  towns  in  FiUhcrUiiid.  Thus, 
at  New  .\a.b-tcrlam  and  Fort  Orange  (AJUiny^,  rows  of  houses  could  be  Sf<eu 
built  of  iiupoittd  brick,  ^vilh  th;-tchLd  roofs,  wooden  chiiunicy,  and  their 
gabk-  ends  always  towanl  the  street.  liisiJe  were  ah  the  ntatnoss,  frugahty, 
ordjr  and  industiy  which  tht  i'jn,ut.-s  bri..ught  from  th»:ir  native  bud.  Until 
the  yc.^r  IfiG'J.  city  stret-ts  and  lots  were  unk-jcwn.  adveutarc-rs  and  settlers 
selecting  land  wherever  mfist  vonvenien:  for  their  purjiose.  Hence  the 
crooked  courses  of  some  of  our  down-town  streets. 

CorneHus  Drcckeu  owned  a  fanu  by  tije  prosv^nt  Peck  Slip,  and  ferried 
pasBcngerj  acroKS  tiie  East  Bivor  i<\  the  small  sum  of  three  stivers,  in  J-diu- 
pinn.  \t  that  time.  I'earl  (-treet  formed  the  bank  of  the  river.  ^Vater,  Front, 
and  South  streets  have  all  been  reclaiiaid  for  the  purpose  of  inciejising  trade 
and  commerce.  The  old  woud»n,  •■'KingUd  ?iov.\e,  one  of  the  last  venerable 
relic«  of  the  oldcu  iim« .  on  ihe  corner  of  Peck  Slip,  was  so  near  the  river 
that  a  stf)ne  could  be  easily  tbrown  into  it.  Pearl,  it  is  thought,  was  the  first 
street  occu])ie.d,  the  ti'-st  bouses  bi-ing  built  here  in  10;i3.  Bridge  street  came 
next  :  aud  a  dic-d  is  ^till  in  e.xibteace  for  a  lc>t  on  it,  thirty-four  by  one  hun- 
dred and  ten  feet,  for  the  sun  of  tw?jity-fuur  guilders,  or  nine  dollars  aud 
sixty  cents.  This  is  the  earliest  conveyance  of  city  projjcrty  on  record. 
Vfliitehall,  Ston.-,  Broad.  F.eaver  and  Mjirlretlield  '/ere  opened  soon  after.  In 
the  year  l('-t'2.  the  lirst  grant  C'f  a  city  lot,  e^i.st  of  the  fort  at  tho  Batt.ry,  was 
made  by  »lH;ndricksen  Bij*.  l>aring  the  utxt  year,  several  lots  wee  granted 
on  the  lower  indof  •' Heesc  Stra.i'.,"  r-s  Br ...dway  was  then  named.  Martin 
Krigjer  was  the   first  gmntee  of  a  lot  of  land  in  this  section,  opposite  the 


'  .1 

I 


AITEKPIX.  y9 

.   ■"  .«• 

I'n-alir.t,- <^roo:i, 'wljich  cont.vinrd  oif;li{;,-six  rods,     ITf-n  he  built  tlia   wcll- 
knowu  ■'  Krit;;-  r's  T:l^tJrn."  wLich  so»iu  h.'c.Dii  n  fnshioriable  resort. 

At  thi*  criticiil  uioiQent,  the  third  Din-^ir.n-l  J.r.rrnl  and  Gt)V:rnor,  nrriv^d 
Mnr.-li,  lOoS.  an  the  succe^.^or  of  the  ^\•elk  Van  'f  wilier.  Jlis  fir?t  K*:>p  w.is  to 
orf;auj/:o  a  Council,  rfliiiniug,  however,  its  rutirc  coutmL  Dr.  J<.Laiinea  L. 
Momagno,  a  leanied  lIuRiKii'^t.  wns  ni-pointod  by  Lim  a  member  of  this  E^^r 
board.  Coruelieus  Vnu  Tiouboven,  from  Ulrocht,  one  of  thf  ol>'oKt  f-etdera, 
was  .ippoi'jtfd  Coloninl  Pt-ret.'iry,  with  a  ftilftrj  of  two  hiiudrpd  and  fifty  dol- 
l:.TB  fr  'i/i/itn,i  ;  while  ririch  LevrM'ld  continued  as  StLcc!- Fiscal,  or  Sheriff 
acd  Atfotiify-Geiu-ral.  .Adrian  Dirck^-ea  was  jnade  Af^Mst:int  C'>n.r.iiK.;ary. 
becriT^r.e  he  s])oke  correctly  the  laogiiBge  of  the  Mohawki".  and  wfti-;  "  w(ll 
vers.d  in  the  art  of  tradiijg  with  them."  The  Kev.  Mr.  Bogardus  continued 
rhe  I)o.Tji:^ie.  and  Adatu  Roolaiit^en  the  Pchcolrja-ster. 

Tbo  utw  Governor  did  uot  con&ne  hiruoclf  to  correcting  ujffial  abuses 
KolfJy  ;  he  i<siie;l,  also,  prochunations  to  iLnprovo  the  mfirol  condition  of  tbo 
h:  ttlcniei.t  .  and  nil  persoue  were  soriouj-!y  cnj'.incd  from  "  fiybting  aud  all 
o;l-,<r  irn;T5<irhlities,'"  as  the  guilty  v.ould  be  puni.-Led.  and  made  a  terror  to  all 
evil-ilofrs.  Uightly  judging,  ait-o,  tlmt  pab-lic  worship  wo'Ud  be  a  peaceful 
anxiliary-  lo  hib  laV  orR,  and  the  old  wooden  (Lun^h  of  Van  TwiUer  having 
fal'e-.  to  pieceB.  be  cle  terniiaed  to  cri^ct  a  nev  one  inbide  the  fort.  Jochera 
Pi.'ier?pn.  Kuyter,  J.in  Jaiiscn  Dtui-.n,  wi;h  Kieft  tmd  Captain  Vries,  as 
"Kirko  Meoters,"  superiutecded  the  new  work,  »'.ad  Jchn  and  Richard  Ogden  V-s 

w-r-^  the  uiiPOUK.     The  buildiu;.;  was  of  intone,  seventy-two  by  iifty-two  feet,  I  j! 

and  flxtecu  high,  aud  cost  'i.oOO  gjilde.-s  :  iis  legend,  trrinblatod  from  tho 
Dnicb.  read  :  Anno  Douiini,  \CA1,  Wilhehn  Kiefr.  Direetor-<jfcnera!,  bath  the 
Cfiiiinouidity  caused  fo  I'uiid  this  temple."'  New  Amsterdam  had  a  tovrn  bell ; 
(lilt,  was  now  removed  to  the  btlfn,-  of  ibe  new  cbureli,  v,bence  it  reguLitfsd 
tbe  city  loovementF,  tbe  time  for  laborers,  the  courts,  meny  wedding  peals, 
i'A\f:C\  the  funerals,  and  called  the  people  to  the  Lord's  House.  \ 

Hardly,  however,  bad  Kieft  got  his  plans  for  the  moral  reformation  of  his 
people  fairly  under  way,  when,  as  before  hinted,  tbe  patriAira  began  to  g'ne 
frvsh  trouble  ;  that  class  now  (l'i38;  demanded  "new  privileges" — "  that  they 
i.ii^i  I  nionopi'b/.e  move  t' rritory — be  iuvutted  with  the  la^gc^t  feudal  powers, 
and  fujoy  free  trade  throughout  Ntw  Xetherlaiid."  Nor  was  this  all.  la  their 
arrogance  they  also  demaud-d  t'jat  all  "'  private  persons  "  aud  poor 
emigrants  t-bo'jld  not  oe  allowed  to  j-uuhus?  lands  from  tbe  Indians,  but 
sboLid  settle  wiibiu  tbe  coloniLr,  uuder  tbe  juriaJicliou  of  tbe  manorial  lords — 
i.  (..  thciti.teheH.  i  j 

These  gnitj)i>ig  deuiiinds  of  the  y^itroom,  were  rcsen-ed  for  future  consider-  ■  | 

ation  by  the  States -General :  and  it  wjis  dotermined  lo  try  free  competition    in  '' 

tbo  Inteinal    trade  of  tbe  New  Netberlar.<l.     A   nutilicution  was  accordingly  ■  ' 

published  in  tbe  Amsterdam  Cb..mber,  that  all  the  inhalitaiits  of  tbe  United 
Provinces,  and  of  friendly  countries,  might  convey  to  New  Netberland,  "  in 
tbe  Company'H  ships,"  any  cattle  and  )nt=rrb?.n(lis€,  and  might  "  receive  what- 
ever returns  they  or  their  agents  were  able  to  obtain  in  those  quarters  there- 
for." K  duty  of  ten  per  cent,  was  paid  to  the  Company  on  all  goods  exported 
from  New  Ne'berl  md  with  tbe  freight.  Every  omigrtnt,  upon  his  arrival  at 
Nf-w  Ainsierdam,  was  to  receive  "  as  much  l.ind  as  he  and  his  family  could 
properly  culti\atf .     This  liberal  system  gave  a  great  impulse  to  the  prosperity  | 

of  New  Netberland   by   encouraging   emigration    of  substantial   colonists,   but  { 

only  frc  m  Holland,  but  from  ^■irginia  aud  New  England.     ConscieJiCf.  bad  ever  ! 

be^n  free  in  Ne-^v  Netberland,  and  now  trade  and  commerce  were  also  made 
frto  to  alL  Political  francLise  in  Ma.'-.s.-icbnsetts  was  limited  to  church  mem- 
V»trs,  and  now  "  many  men  began  to  enquire  after  tbe  Southern  ports,"  not 
from  tbe  clijnate  there,  or  tbe  necitsarj  wants  of  life,  but,  in  tbe  langiiage  '>' 


10  Kn-ysvix. 

tl'f*  old  L'lironi'  ler,  "  fo  cv^'rijie  their  nibupporcalilc  povcfaruitif."  Tlj"  only 
o'olifjr^tiou  r'-'ijuir.^il  of  emigraniK  v,-,Ts  n.'i  o^ith  of  lidriify  Rud  allegixDce  to  thfi 
colony,  the  saujo  ris  iijipopod  upon  tJje  Thitcb  tettiers.  Eojh  j^arties  c:jjoTfd 
cjukI  privilegea. 

In  ICIO.  Director  Kipft  di'to'-niined  npou  another  nnryi^e  rapasnire,  viz  :  the 
rxactinu  of  a  coutriV/ntioii,  a  t-iK  of  com,  fvirs  and  unmfi'nn,  frLiu  V'la  Indi.ius 
abouf.  P^ort  Ainstordr-.m.  Thi'--  a:id  other  iroj'roppr  jicTh  entirely  c.-tranpei  them 
fni'n  the  settler^.  R-.'d  laid  tli''  fonndation  •'if  bloc'dj^  war,  which,  the  next  year, 
(l''>41).  dtbolat'-il  Ise-A-  N',-thi:ri.TuJ.  JTcauv.liile,  Kieft  eoniinnino  stubhom, 
seiit  sloojis  to  Tajipan  to  levy  contriliitioii«! ;  bttt  the  uitivcb  indif^n.'.uHy  re- 
fused to  July  t};e  no  el  tribiito.  In  their  own  plain  lar^^'iiage,  they  wouder^'d 
how  tl'O  S:ich(iij  at  the  fort  dared  to  c\c\;-t  Mi'.-h  lhin;^'s  from  theni.  ilo  hiiIkI 
be,  they  said,  a  vry  sh-vbby  fellow  ;  he  had  ct))ne  to  live  ou  Iheir  land,  »}i<re 
ihey  li!.d  not  in^'ited  him,  :in>l  novr  came  to  deprive  them  of  their  ooru  for  no 
equivalent. 

Nol-viihstanili':pr.  howrvoj-,  fb  many  injndiciouK  at;t>-  ■■>f  riovernor  Kicft.  it 
eannoi  be  d.-nicd  tha*.  during  his  f-dmicistration,  the  trtde  o'  New  Ainst-^r-iini 
begp.n  to  br  b'''tt<r  rr^gnla'ed.  The  Kireets  of  the  town  -ilno,  wore  b^^tter  laid 
out  in  (lie  lower  section  of  the  city  In  Irtll,  Kiaft  ins'.ituted  two  annuni  fairK. 
for  the  purpose  of  enccnra,iiu,n;  agrioitliKre  -one  of  whi'di  was  Leid  in  Octo- 
ber, for  cat*  1,3,  :i:id  ilie  othi^r  the  next  inontb..  for  ho^^s,  upon  the  Howling 
C'i-^ei\.  'J'he  hoilii:!.'  <if  tbi--;e  faii-s  opeord  tl:e  way  'or  nnolher  inii)or(aat 
addiiion  to  lh<^  I'onifjrL  of  the  town.  No  tavern,  as  ye',  had  L'='CU  started  iu 
the  Dutch  eettitioeut  ;  and  (hn  cr.nieroti^  visitors  f ro  n  the  interior  and  the 
New  England  colonics  had  to  avail  themselve'^  of  the  Gov'^morV-  h'^spitali!i'=-s. 
The  fairs  incre.-v-ing  in  numlier,  Kioft  found  them  a  heavy  tax  npoa  I'.is  polite- 
ness, as  well  as  his  larder.-  and,  in  H>i2,  he  erected  a  largf.  stone  tavern  it 
the  Company's  expeope.  It  v/as  fiitnated  ou  a  conir.itnding  spot,  near  tl»c 
j>resen)  Coenties  Slip,  and  "A"as  afterwurds  altered  into  the  •'  St.uU  Jfuj/K,"  or 
(.ity  Hall. 

About  this  time  the  infrca-^iii^  inteiconrse  and  biuiiK ss  \sith  the  Englisli 
settlenieu's  tniide  it  nece-sa'-y  that  n:'r  •  attention  .-huiil-l  lit-  ]>,(id  t-j  the  Ku^- 
lish  l;»nguige.  tiover.-ior  Kit-ft  iiad,  it  is  trae,  'soi.ii.'  knowledge  of  the  En;^lish 
tongue  ;  br.t  Lis  ev.bordi nates  were  gpneraliy  i^juoi  ant  o!  it-  a  cireumstanoe 
v\hich  often  Ciner^d  great  emb:rrassnKUl.  Geor-^e  B.ixtcr  was  accordingly 
appointed  his  English  Secretary,  with  a  salary  of  two  imiulred  dollars  y7fr 
■  i/i'-,,i,)i;  ntjd  thtis,  for  the  tirsl  tiiut,  the  English  lanj^iiage  \va>i  ofFiCiallj 
recognized  in  New  AtDsterJam. 

The  t:rst  charier  of  New  Net!)crlaud  rest.ieted,  ns  w^  have  s.-'en,  tlie  com- 
mercial i-'riviiec;es  of  the  PotruOiis ;  bi:t  in  the  year  111  10,  th(;y  wercextendt'd 
to  "  fU  fr'^e  coioiiistH."  and  the  stockhold'-^rs  in  the  Dutch  Company.  Never- 
theless the  latter  body  adhered  to  ori'.roiis  imports,  for  its  o-.vu  benefit,  and  re- 
quired b.  duty  of  tea  per  cent,  on  all  goods  shipp^-d  to  New  Ketherland  and 
tive  upon  return  cargrrg,  exc<^ptinc;  jicitry,  \\hich  paid  ten  at  Manhattan  before 
pxpori-d.  The  prohibition  of  manufacturrs  within  the  pro\ince  was  now 
abolished,  and  the  Company  renewed  its  piromise  to  send  o^^er  "  as  loany  blacks 
es  pos.sible  " 

In  1613  the  colonists  e-asily  obtained  j;oods  from  the  Coaipmy's  warehonse. 
whither  ibey  were  obliged  to  bria£>  their  fnr  ptircliasop,  before  shipment  to 
HoUatid.  Thefars  were  then  genL-rally  sold  at  Arnsterdam,  tinder  the  siper- 
vision  of  a  jiitr^on.  whose  share  Art,t  was  one-half,  hut  was  afterwards  re- 
duced r,i-!e-s;>;tb.  Under  this  6ypt<5!n,  the  price  of  a  beaver  akin,  which  be- 
-"ore  l'J12  had  been  siz,  now  rose  to  t^ea  "  fathcms." 

In  1044,  the  evtr-bupy  New  En^ilauder— imagining  that  the  beavcrt  came 
from  ••  a  great  lake  in  the  northwest  part  "  of  their  patent — began  to  covet  » 


'»■  J 


■y 


KVVHSDVSi. 


41 


share  hi  tlie  fur  traile  on  the  Dohwarfi.  Accoidinv:lv  uii  t-xpedilion  was  des- 
}'!it<^b<  il  from  Postuu  to  "  .-ail  uj>  tli3  Delaware  liK  lii^h  ;\.s  they  coaid  gu ;  and 
KOine  of  tbe  coiojvuiy,  nndt-r  the  conduit  of  Mr.  ^ViUiaru  AHi>iu-.viil),  a  good 
nnifit,  aud  one  v.bo  Ldd  Leeu  iu  tuobc  partK,  to  pass  l>y  jiuall  fckilF  i>nd  canoes 
r.p  iLft  river,  so  far  as  tliey  conld." 

lliiB  coiiliiiMod  iutfi  fercr.ce  of  Nt- w  Lcpland  advcnturcTs  witb  the  Delaware 
irade.  at  kii.ufh  becaruc  very  auutyiuf^  to  y.ieft,  as  well  as  ti^  Priutn.  the 
Sw«.d  eIi  Gov'.Tiioi  of  tbe  Dii;iv.;:re  tolory.  The  Dulob  at  New  AiuhftrdAni, 
as  Jie  furlicbt  ^>\■l.■]or^-r^  of  the  South  Kivcr,  bad  seou  their  tr.idinc;  monopoly 
tbaie  iuvaded  by  tb^',  .S%vcdc<  :  >'at  tbe  New  Ei:g:i'ii!dtrB  iu-.idc  (boL-  appear- 
ance ill  pursuit  of  tbe  .Kanje  pri^--,  tbe  Swede.-s  bad  cumiiuou  c-aube  with  the 
Dutch  to  reji-el  tbo  ucw  inlraders.  The  tpiestiou  of  hovereijtutv  waa  f-oon 
raised  ubroad  by  tlic  arrival  of  two  ships  tbe  Kcj^  of  C'a'uPtr  aud  ^latne,  nent 
borue  by  I'rintz  with  large  c?-rcroes  of  tobaci'o  acd  bt-aver-sliius.  Ijad  weather, 
and  tbe  war  yifi^.  b-'p^uu  b-itwcL-u  DeiiMiark  and  Sweden,  lyade  Ibree  vessels  ran 
iuto  tbe  I'orl,  of  Ilarlington  in  ^ric^lalul.  There  Ibcy  were  Heizc-d  by  flie 
WVfit  India  Company,  which  both  claimed  sovereignty  ov-r  ail  the  rej^iona 
around  tbeSontb  liivtr  and  ixacled  tbe  iniport  duties  that  their  cbaiterf^rant-fd 
it.  The  Swedish  ciinister  at  tbe  Hague  jrote^ted  agaii>t  tbt  fie  evactiouK,  and 
a  long  oorrcppondcuee  ens-ied.  which  retclted  in  the  ves«f  Is  beicg  dibcbarged 
'.be  following  Ktiuinjcr  njion  payment  of  tbe  import  diifies. 

During  tbt;  year  lt',i4,  Kieft,  bcidstrong  and  impn:d-nt  ae  n8nal,  became  in- 
volved iu  a  war  with  ;be  Ncv  Eug'.iiid  lutli-ics.  At  this  jnucture  of  affairK,  a 
Kliip  arrived  from  HoU.ojid  v.itii  a  <-.'iigo  of  goods  for  Van  Kenssclacr's^/'t '■/*£</«- 
«/\y,  arid  Kiefl,  the  Dutch  forces  being  in  v.ant  of  cl-^tbing,  c.i'icd  upon  tbe 
su])ercargo  to  furnish  fifty  p;-.lrs  of  shoes  fur  the  t'oldiers,  ofTcn'tig  full  pay- 
ment in  silver,  beavers,  or  '.'■.niq-'na.  Tne  supeicargo,  however,  zealously 
regardnjg  his  jatro.'n'n  rjereautile  Interfstf,  refused  to  coniply,  whereujton 
tbe  Governor  ordered  a '«'vy,  and  t^btained  enough  sho>;s  to  sufiply  as  mauy 
soldiers  as  aftenv.ird  ki'led  IJve  hundred  of  the  euen.y.  The  Gvvernor,  much 
provoked,  next  coniinandi.d  the  v<jhsel  to  l>e  thoroughly  seart  bed,  vhf-n  a  Ifirgo 
lot  of  gv.rs  iiud  anmir.nitior:.  u'.it  i.n  the  ruiiuiffst,  were  dcchirt-d  eoi.tn.l  and, 
and  the  .-hip  and  cargo  connscatvd.  "Wimhrop  says  that  he  bad  onboard  4, ('00 
weight  of  powder  and  seven  hundred  jioces  to  trade  with  tbe  natiAes.  For 
such  acts  as  these,  Kieft  seonis  to  have  been  equally  dettstvl  by  both  Indians 
aud  Dutch,  the  f<irmer  de^irins;  bis  removal,  and  daily  <  lying,  **  Wouter  ! 
^Volltcr  1'"  meaning  Wruicr  Van  Tv'.iller,  b'S  immediate  jired<r'.-cssor. 

Meanwhile,  the  Indi.ta  war  continued  ;  tbe  Dutch  hetllers  were  in  danger 
of  utter  destrucli'in,  uid  the  lApeiiaCs  of  the  soldi,  vy  couid  not  be  met. 
Neither  could  the  Wtht  India  Company  send  aid  to  it*;  unfortneate  colony,  ns 
that  body  bud  been  m.ide  b.mkrapt  l)y  its  ndliiary  opcr.'.ti->ns  iu  Brazil.  A  bill 
of  exchange,  drawn  by  Kicft  lipou  tbe  Amsterdam  (.HiHinber,  came  ba<k  pro- 
teeted.  Th*-  demands  for  public  u;on»-y  wore  loo  pre^bing  to  await  tbe  t-low 
prucecding'%  of  the  Adudralty  Court.  Aecordiugly,  so<3n  after  Ibis,  on  tbe  '2'.>th 
of  May.  \MA,  a  privateer,  the  I.a  Ooru,  Captain  Blativcit,  having  bren  com- 
luiosoned  by  tbe  Go-,  inior  to  cruise  u.  the  A\\st  Indies,  returned  to  Manhattan 
vith  t  »vo  rich  S]>aaihh  prizes. 

About  this  lime  the  ship  !>''/<'  f'<rn-  arrivt-d  fro-ji  Cnn.coa  with  oue  hundred 
and  thirty  Dut/.b  sold'crs,  q;:itt^  a  n  lief  to  ihe  Kew  Netberliindtrs  against  their 
savage  foe. 

At  length  the  pitiaMe  condition  of  the  New  N.-therbnd  colony  attracted  the 
attention  of  the  llutch  Government.  Its  originators,  as  before  mcniioned,  had 
become  nearly,  if  not  entirely,  liankruj<t. 

Tr)  use  their  own  off.cial  words,  '-the  long-looked-for  profits  thence  "  had 
jjot  Rrrjved,  and   tb^-y  {beinse^es  had  uo  means  to  relieve  "  the  jioor  iuhabi- 


/I 


42  AWEXWX. 

fai.t.H  who  liad  l.^ft  the  /'V/^r-rZi/fW /'*  accordir.gly,  the  l.ankrnpt  Coiiipauy 
ur;;;f<l  ilie  "  S(at«:s-G(^])i-r.i)  "  ioT  ;'.  ^^ul'si'ly  cf  l,(H"\0')tJ  of  guilders  to  place  the 
j)nf«'h  }>rovrii>.'  iu  a  good.  pr(is]iero'i>  uud  prc't:utl>le  order. 

Tin's  hi>,iy  flirectt-d  cl'Strvntions  to  b<i  nin.'.c  iuto  the  affiii;.-;  of  New  Nt^tlier- 
iand,  ai;d  also  into  t]ie  j>r.>2.iitty  of  rc-trictiaj,'  ith  int' nial  truJt  to  residtuts, 
\vith  '.Lf.  ji'ilioy  of  opt niiip;  a  fii-3  oce  beJw*  t u  Brazil  lud  ManLHt'uin.  Upon 
making  t)ii>  ii:vestig;i'io)i,  it  \vfts  fouii.l  Vii-.i  New  Netherlfad.  instead  of  be- 
coming a  pouree  of  counnorrial  jirotit  to  tLc  Company,  bud  aLsoliUely  cost 
thai  body,  from  the  ye:ir  lo2l>  to  I'MA.  "  ov<  r  'jZO/A'A)  f^'inldern,  ded'-itiug  re- 
turu.s  ro--'e;\f;d  frrn;>  there"  Still,  "  ihe  Ci^iup^ny  Cfiuuot  df-i=iiii3- or  ooDsif>t- 
outly  aloi'.J.iii  it."  The  Director's  --hlurA-,  the  report  confiuiie^,  8nonM  be 
'.),0'>'}  L'Ji'dor^.  a'ld  tho  wholi;  civil  ■■.wl  iniblr'.iy  f-.stftLlislmjtut  of  N-?'^-  NctLer- 
la^id,  'ii\<)i)')  u'liilders.  4s  ni.iii3- Africp.u  iiegro^r.  it  tbo<^;?lit,  »lMnld  be  brought 
frcju  Urazil  as  the 7" 'Y /«"«.<■.  farmers  .lud  settlers  '"  wo'ild  be  villiiig  to  p\y  for 
at  ft  f-tir  price."  Ii  vrmid  tiius  ai)[<c-u:  th.d  our  Dntcli  forcinthers  had  .some- 
tliing  to  do  -vdth  the  slave  tnido  as  Tvell  as  the  Sov:thtru  coloii'-e.?.  Free  grants 
4>f  land  r.boi:ld  1  e  granted  to  all  eiuigr.iius  on  Mai:hattar.  Island,  a  trade 
-:tl.o«vd  to  Brazil  f.nd  tho  fisheriei^ :  the  lu.iuufA-.'tnn?  aiid  v'Xpjrtation  of  salt 
slioiild  be  eiicot:r.'.p;ed,  and  the  d'Uies  of  "  rev«  u^ie  oJli-ers  b?  sLaipIy  afle;ided 
lo.''  Sneh  v-fis  tho  buf■ilK'^'-i  couditii;u  of  ihe  Ne\7  Netherl.i''id  iu  the  y^ar  lt)45. 
The  fi«-e  rrcvio'.is  year-;  of  lu-liau  wars  1,'ad  banlly  knowzi  five  lairths  of  peace 
pod  pro- j)C-r:(y.  Kieft,  iierci-iviug  liis  foruier  ►rrcrs,  uo.v  ci>nv-lnded  a  treaty 
'■f  ?.njih'  "^^ith  the  I).dia!iK.  August  30,  KM>.  Iu  tv,-o  years,  ],("/ii1  savages  bad 
Jj6.?n  I'.'lJcd  at  Manhattajj  auii  its  ntigliV.'.rhool,  and  searccly  one  huudred 
coti'.d  be  found  bcnidcK  traders. 

Soon  after  the  of ;iee,  in  1<>J7.  Kieft,  bav;ng  been  recalled,  eiabarliod  for 
Holland,  o,irr;-ing  \vi:li  biiu  sjieoimens  of  tiic  New  N<therla:j.i  Uiinerilfi  (gath- 
ere'3  hy  'ho  Iiiritan  Indians  in  the  Nov^-r^•il:^■  Hills),  and  a  Ixriune.  which  Li? 
euemicri  ostiiiiated  'it  JOft.fKiO  gniJdci-s.  Pouiinie  I'ogardns  .Tnd  Van  der  Kuy- 
geiis,  late  ris--al.  Were  fc]lr.v-]>as-;rngers  in  the  richly  !;ido:i  vfpv.l.  By  u;i6- 
t^ke,  the  ves-sel  was  Kavigatrd  ;n!o  the  Kjiglish  Ob.aunel,  vas  n-rf-cked  upon 
the  ni^ct'J  ooa-t  of  N\'«les,  ai..1  went  lo  pieces.  Kieft,  wiib  eighty  ether  per- 
hOri»;,  iiic'.'iding  Boganb'.s  and  'ho  Fi-^*  :th  \vi'->-=>  h-st  ;  only  twfutj  i^ere  saved. 
Melyn,  the  ;;'7^/'"'A  of  ."-^tateu  Island,  f.oated  on  his  back,  landed  on  a  sand- 
ba-..'k,  liLd  '.betjie  reached  (hi;  niaii  laud  in  sp-fely.  K.iyter,  f'./t)nd;T  of  new 
Jtarlun  'AfiS  also  ^w^ved. 

On  ijie  Iltji  of  May,  1GJ7.  Govern'^r  Stnyve.snj:*,  as  "  redres.=cr  general  "  of 
a'l  th'^  coloni.d  abuses,  ariived  at  Manhattan  to  enter  npon  en  adruiui.-tmtiou 
which  -vK-s  ti  1  mt  until  the  end  of  the  Duich  j>ov,er  over  New  Neth.^rLnid. 

Stnyvesrtnt  ahso,  sef  nis  to  b::ve  been  the  lirst  g'^rernor  who  took  pride  in 
the  town  it.-^^If.  lie  found  the  infant  city  very  r.nattrftctive — fences  straggling, 
^k(tlo  mnning  around  loose,  the  pnljlic  ways  crooked,  u.'any  of  tb.cja  encroach- 
iiig  on  tb-j  Hues  of  the  ^tvet,  and  half  ihe  bo.aees  in  a  tuinbk-dowu  condition. 
AU  these  evils  he  at  once  set  about  to  remedy;  and  one  of  bis  carUcst  acts  wom 
<o  ajipoiut  the  first  "  Surveyors  of  Baild' Jgs,"  whose  duties  were  to  regulate 
the  erection  of  new  houses  in  New  AmsttTd.^in, 

The  Dutch  Company  "now  resolve  J  to  oj.en  to  private  jjcrscns  the  tra^ie, 
■which  it  h.id  exclu-ivtly  carried  on  with  New  Neth^Tland,  tlse  Virginia,  the 
S"  .vjish,  Engbsb.  and  French  colonies,  or  other  p]aceB  thercabotJl,"  a'ld  tk« 
'aew^  Director  und  Council  were  ordered  lo  be  vigilunt  in  enforcing  all  colcuial 
cns^oin-hous^  regnlHtioue.  All  cargies  to  New  Netherland  were  »o  be  exam- 
ine!, on  firrivai,  but  the  ccs'oin-bouse  ofBcers,  and  all  who  wera  homeward 
bound  were  to  give  bonds  for  the  payment  of  duties  in  Iloiland.  KtX' was  it 
long  before  Stuyveiant  had  an  opp'"i-tnnity  of  showing  his  zeal, 

AtH>at  this  period,  IGIS,  it  became  necessary  lo  regulate  the  taverns,  as 
»l:«o<4  OLo-fourth  of  the  to»n  cf  New  Amsterdnn  had  become  hooscii  for  the 


,   .  -X  AlPtSDIX.  48 

si'.te  of  bran<1y,  tobacco,  or  beer.  No  new  taverns,  it  wjis  orilaineJ,  should  be 
licensed,  oxcc'itt  1'3-  tiiuiiiimons  con-f-nt  of  tbe  Director  ftucl  bis  Council;  and 
those  eslablished  ini;;)it  cuntiune  four  ye:irs  longer,  if  their  owners  would  ab- 
stain from  ReUing  to  tbe  savager,,  rt-pi-rt  a11  brawls  and  occuj'y  decent  houses, 
"  to  adorn  ibc  town  of  New  Amsterdam."  Notvrithstvndiiig,  however,  all 
the~e  precautions,  tlie  Indians  w<^rediiijj' v^en  '*rnuiiing  drunk  throut,'h  tbe  Man- 
batuxns."  New  York,  now  tbe  metropolitan  city,  witnes'.es  everyday  a&d  nigbt 
crowds  of  Blub  dmnkeji  f:ii\ages  in  he r  streets  :  and  it  wo'ild  almoKt  seem  (hat 
our  wise  Icgisiiitnrs  have  nut  wisdom  or  strength  enough  to  f  r.iuie  laws  to  sub- 
due or  prcvi-jit  this  puMic  evil  of  ail  'jvil-?.  At  last,  at  New  Amsteniim,  ia 
;uUlitiou  lo  the  former  pen.JtieK,  offenders  against  tbe  teriperauce  laws  were 
now  "  to  be  arbitrarily  p-inisbed,  v.-ithoni  any  dissimulation." 

la  tbe  year  1G46,  no  i->?rKou  was  allowed  to  carry  on  business,  eiccpt  be 
Vits  a  pormttijcnt  resident,  and  h:td  taken  tbe  oath  of  allegiance,  whs  worth 
from  two  tbunsauu  to  three  thousand  guilders,  at  leas-t,  and  intended  to  keep 
'•lire  and  I'ght  in  th<^  province."  This  was  an  early  *>xpression  of  permanent 
residenee  in  the  Dutch  province.  Old  residents,  however,  not  possessing  tbe 
full  t.ntde  qualificatious,  were  allowed  the  saTue  jjrivilege.  provided  they  re- 
mained in  the  province  and  used  o;i]y  the  weights  and  nieaeures  of  •*  Old 
Amsterdam,''  and,  "  to  which  we  owe  onr  name."  Scotch  mercban's  and 
pedlcrs  were  not  forgotten  in  these  arraug'^ments,  for  it  was  also  ordained,  that 
•'  all  Scotch  mercbaiMR  and  dealers,  who  czne  over  from  their  own  country 
with  tbe  intention  of  trading  here,"  should  "not  lie  permitted  to  carry  on  any 
trade  in  the  land  "'  imtil  they  had  re-^idei  here  three  years.  They  were  also 
reipiired  to  build  a  "  dC'ent,  habitable  tenenoent,"  one  year  after  th-.ir  arrivaL 
E' ery  Mon'Liy  was  to  be  market-day,  and.  in  imitntion  of  fajtherJond,  an 
annual  "  k-'^omis,''  or  f;iir,  for  ten  days,  wis  established,  commencing  on  Mon- 
day after  ^?t.  Bartholomew's  Day,  at  whi.;b  all  persons  covild  sell  goods  from 
their  tents. 

At  Irist,  a  naval  wur,  long  brewing,  broke  ont  between  England  and  the 
I'uited  Province^,  and,  without  warning.  Dutcli  nhips  were  aiTtsted  in  Eaglish 
jVirt-^.  and  the  «.rc:ws  impressed.  Mnrtia  llRij)crtsen  Tromp  comnjHnded  tbe 
Diit<b  fle<^t.  ITis  ui^me  has  no  prefix  of  "  V;ili,"  as  many  vritcrs  insist.  Ban- 
croft and  Broadbcad  are  among  tbe  few  who  have  not  adopted  the  common 
cnor.  The  Dut'h  .Vd.jiiral  wav  no  m.iro  "  Vitn  Tromp  "  than  the  English  was 
'"Van  Bi;ike,'"  or  our  i  rave  American  •'Van  Farragut."  Tromp,  in  a  few  day?, 
jiieL  the  British  fleet,  under  Atlmiral  B'jike.  in  Dover  Straits,  and  a  blot^y 
but  iudeci^ive  fight  followed,  lirilliant  naval  engagemeLtri  ensued,  in  which 
Tromp  and  De  liujter.  with  Blake  and  A.yscne,  immortalized  themselves,  But 
the  firb-t  year  of  hoitilititts  closing  with  a  victory,  Blake  sought  refuge  in  the 
TLames,  when  tbe  Dutch  commander  pliced  a  broom  at  the  masthead,  an 
emblem  or  token  iLat  be  had  Bwe!)t  the  British  Channel  free  from  Briti5h  ships. 
These  hoftilities  between  Hollra-d  and  England  encouraged  pirates  and  robbers 
to  inf-jst  the  shores  of  the  East  River,  and  perpetn^te  eicesses  on  Tjoug  Islaiid 
and  the  neighborhood  of  New  Amsterdam.  Sevenil  yachts  were  imme<lii'.te]y 
comniisr-ioned  to  act  against  the  jiirates.  A  reward  of  one  hxindred  thalers  was 
offered  for  each  of  tbe  ouflaws.  and  a  procla'aution  issued  prohibiting  all  per- 
ti0!i£  from  harbi>ring  them,  under  tbe  j>enaUy  of  bmishmtnt  and  the  confisca- 
tion of  th-^ir  goods.  Forces  had  even  been  collect(jd  to  act  against  New  Nether- 
land,  but  the  joyful  inlelligenc  of  pejice  sent  them  to  dislodge  tbe  French  from 
the  coast  of  Maine  ;  and  thus,  for  ten  years  longer,  the  coveted  Datch-.A.meri- 
•can  province  continued  r.nder  the  sway  of  n<.'lland.  llie  peace  was  published 
'•in  the  ricg'ng  of  bell  from  City  ]^rtIl,"on  the  12tli  of  August,  1C54,  app<3inted, 
piously,  bj-  Stuyvei-ant,  as  a  day  of  gener.d  thanksgiving. 

During  the  same  month,  1C54,  Le  Moyne,  a  Jesuit  father  and  Uiissionary  to 


u 


APrEXDlX. 


the  Iiiili^us,  inir.K>r(ali>;«d   hit^  iiaiu?   bf  «  ili-covoij"  wliich  ai'terwar.!    formed 
one  "f  (ho  lar^Pbt  sources  of  wf,i,Uh  in  our  Stiite.     liercuirg  tie  entrauce  of  a 
sioiill  lake  ti:!e,i  -with    8iiliiio!:-l,ruiit   and   oxhfT   lisb,    be   tustod  the  water  of  a 
pnriiig  which  his  Icdiau  giiidcB  were  afrniu  to  drink,  Mvin^  that  there  wao  a 
d;-ii:on  in  the'Ji  which    ron.'.'^vcd   it    jUcnK'.'C.     But  the  Jv.-uit  had  discovered  a 
"  foi'i'.tnia  of  tJ'  »vf.tor, ""  from  vhich  lie  actually  ivi;i''e  SviU  as  urUur.d    as  that 
of    thr    sfa.     'rakiu.2   u    sniup'e,  be    dosc-aded    the  Oi;e.li;i,    j^assed    over   the 
Oau.rio  ;uid  theSt.  Lawrence,  and  safely  rc.n'b'.'d  Quebec  v.ith  the  intplligence 
of  his  woiidi.rf'.il  d^s^•'>ver^•.     To  the  State  of  Ne\r  York  it  has  since  been  more 
Vii!",ir.ble  '.hail  a  niiue  of  silver  or  gold  ;  located  at  Syracuse. 
.  DiUTi.j5  the  year  of  1*''".4.  She  Swedish  aud  the  Ca-siuiir  colouisis  on  the  Dela- 
ware had  taken  the  Dutch  fort  there;  80011  after,  Stuyve-tiiit  hal  .an  opportuni- 
ty  of  retaking;    the   G'/'jUii  >\',niK\  a  S>vedish    ^hip,    bound    to   Soutii    Ri.-er, 
which,  by  ujistake  enttred  Siiidy  Hook,  and  ••nchored    behind   Statin  Is-laud. 
Hit  error  d;s<-c.ver"d,  the  t>i{):aia  sent  a  L.iat  to  ^Iinhatta:!  for  a  pilot,  when 
t^'.e  Go\ornor  orderi-d    the    crew  to  the  ^;nard-hou^;;•,  and  di-'p'iteh-d  soldiers  to 
^I'-xae  the  vessc-I.     The  Spark'x  oar^^o  was  removed  10  the  v?jmi)anyV  uvigazine 
until  a  "-ecipro-al  restitution  shoi:id  have  been  niaie.     Th'-  Swedish  a^'/ot  sent 
a  lo'ig  protest  to  Governor  St'iyve.-^ant.  coini>!aiuiug  of  hi>  CoPduct. 

la  the  year  ii'i2fl,  there  w-^re  ju  New  Aiii-^tfrdam.  one  hundred  .and  twenty 
bon<es  aud  oae  thoas,ind  Konls.  A  procla'.uatiou  now  f<.rbid  the  removal  of 
B.ny  crcijis  in  iho  to.vn  or  Ciiiony.  Mnlil  tlje  Coin;iaay's  tith-.-.s  bad  been  paid. 
The  anfhorivies  <. f  Kejisselaf  r^-wyck  refusing  to  jmblish  thi.-;  notioe,  I'.e  tapsten? 
were  sent  down  to  Xew  .\ia'^terdani.  plea  iiug  that  they  acted  under  the  orders 
of  their  feudal  o/f.i-i rs.  'J'hif- dtfense  was  o-. tirnle.i,  and  o;ie  Sued  t'^vo  hun- 
dred pounds,  and  anotber^!<.-ht  hundred  guilders. 

In  the  yciir  10.57.  "  ii.  cn.iforinity  to  the  cu-toni  of  the  City  of  Amsterdam  in 
Enrore.''  this  grerd  b'urgher  right  v/as  iutro.luced  into  Nt-w  Aii;?;ter.-'aiii.  This 
was  an  absurd  iiuiti'.tion  of  an  ia^iduol.^5  policy,  and  the  taother  city  aers.df 
\Tfts  soon  obliged  to  aban-l'.iii  it'  "lotwithstajidingGovenior  Stayv(s.Hat  atteuipt- 
ed  to  csi:ibli-L  ia  N- w  ,\MrlLrdani  this  niost  offensive  of  al!  ".listinotions —.".a 
anstocr.wy  fouadivioo  a  elisb  or  aijra  weilth. 

I'.riug  tlie  year  IC'SO.  it  w.is  discovered  that  the  Du'.eh  oolouy  had  as  yet 
jirc'ducf-'l  no  ri-tnrnK,  p.iid  w.is  already  se\ en  thous.ind  g'liMers  in  a''re.irs.  It 
wa.-i  therefore  dit-rrj.iiued  that,  to  prevent  further  loss,  such  coiobist's  only  as 
had  left  Holland  before  Deceaibsr.  ]f>.')S,  shuuld  be  pruoded  with  provisiotiS. 
Go^r.Js  were  to  be  sold  only  for  cash,  and  exenipti^ns  from  tith-^  and  taxes 
v.'re  to  cea>-v  over  several  years  before  the  stipu'al'  d  periled,  aud  laerchan- 
dis-i  thvreaftfcr  wa*  to  be  c;>a-igaed  to  the  City  of  .Vm^terdaio  ?\clusively. 
The  colonists  ienionstr:;ted  agaiu;^t  this  new  restriction  of  trade,  which  had 
the  ap[»3ar.>.u;&  of  gri-s-j  slavery  aai  of  f  jr.ter:ng  the  free  pr-j'.ppcts  of  a 
■wcrlliy  people.  This  r"!aonslrance  was  well-t'me.i,  aud  the  Citv  Council  con-' 
."ented  that  f.ll  tho  tr.ib^rs  oa  the  South  Iliver  jaight  export  all  g'Ki.is,  eicejit 
peltry,  to  anv  place  thej'  wished. 

In  the  yej.r  ItU^O.  a  second  s\ir\ey  and  juap  of  New  Aiasterdani  was  luade  by 
Jac'jUwS  Ci^rtelyon.  aud  the  oity  w;is  found  to  '"cntaiji  three  hoii.lred  and  fifty 
horses  It  \v.'_s  st-n*  to  the  Aiasi'jrdim  Chamber,  in  ea.se  it  r.hor.ld  be  thought 
"  g.x)d  to  make  if  u.^re  jiublic  by  ha-.iag  it  eugraved."  The  rest'>r?.tiou  of 
Cbftrles  the  ."^e.oud.  ja  lO'.l,  did  not  j)roduce  in  England  raore  frieiidly  feel- 
ings tow.irds  the  Dutch  ;  and  the  two  nations  now  becarje  ->ora:aer.':al  rivals. 
Tb'i  .K'X  of  Narig-tion  had  already  closed  the  ports  of  Ivew  England,  Virginia 
and  'laryLiud,  au'.iinst  Holluad  ;'.nd  its  Colony  of  New  XetherJand.  Such,  at 
t'la:  tini-3  was  the  na'Tow  sjarit  of  British  strttehaien,  and  jaaay  In-.V-peudeuts 
aa.l  Diss?ntt-.rs  de-ired  to  r,'  ik  i.ew  homes,  "wh^-re  they  would  be  alike  free  from 
niC'iarchy,  i<relacy,  and  British  rule. 


.  APPEN'DIX.  45 

•     "*■  *    1 

A  niinibiT  of  Lr(  v,  jriob.  Irick  kilus.  ami  other  nianufnttories,  c.arrie<l  on  a 
sUL'cesu-.fnl  bu<!ia<-ss ;  ;tail  the  potteries  on  Lni.g  Isluu'l,  Koine  po.rS')US  estceiiieiJ 
f'luil  to  t):'>.--.'  of  Delft.  Dirck  Dc  Wolf  hrning  obtaiued  from  the  Amst»-rdam 
Chamber,  in  Kit;i,  the  oxciu.^ive  privilege-  of  Uiakiag  ^aU  for  tcven  years  ia 
New  NctlitrLiiid,  i)fg.m  its  nifiuufactnre  upon  Cfmey  Island;  but  the  Grakts- 
eud  Kcttloix.  whr-  claimed  the  spot,  arrested  the  ent'irpris'.' ;  and  this,  t<DO,  not- 
v.'ithst.in'1'Gg  ("rcverii'ir  Stuyvef..viitst.-nt  a  military  guard  to  protect  him. 

In  the  \(:\.c  li'iCA.  the  poi'iilatiou  of  Xtw  Motherland  had  iiurt^uK'.d  to  "  full 
ten  thousand,'"  aii'l  Xfw  Aii'-ter.lam  cfnt  linfd  one  thonsaiid  five  hundred,  and 
wore  an  ajpix^'.rauce  of  grc-iit  pro-^perity.  English  jealousy  evidently  increased 
with  the  aui.Tjeuting  eonun<rce  of  the  DiUeh.  James,  Duko  of  Voik,  was  the 
King's  broth'  r,  and  als(j  ihe  Cioveru'jr  of  the  Afriiran  Company,  and  he  de- 
nounced the  Dutch  West  I-idia  Cojupany.  which  had  endeavored  to  seeure  the 
territory  on  the  Gold  Coas:  from  Plnglisu  speculators  and  intruders.  England 
resolved  to  march  a  stejj  further,  and,  at  one  blow,  to  r(;b  Holland  of  her 
Aiiieric.'iQ  provinr-e.  Tlie  King  granted  a  sealed  ]\i1ent  to  the  Duke  of  York 
for  a  L<rgti  tenit<ny  in  Aruerica.  including  hong  Island  and  all  the  lauds  and 
rivers  from  (he  '.vest  side  of  the  Coniiccticut  to  the  east  s-ide  of  the  Delaware 
l^ay.     Tliis  sweepiiig  grant  cnihraced  the  whole  of  Xew  Netherhaud. 

'I'lie  Duke  of  York,  that  he  might  lose  no  time  in  Fecurii.g  his  patent,  dis- 
lialched  Cajitaiu  Scott,  with  one  liundred  and  fifty  followers,  to  ^isit  the 
Island  f'f  M.':nci,itfan,  the  vulue  of  whii-h  was  now  obiimHtcd  at  three  thousand 
pounds.  On  the  11th  of  -Januai-y.  10')^,  the  vularous  Scott  made  his  appear- 
ance at  "  Breucicu  "  Feiry  Li'nding,  and,  with  great  flourish  of  trun.pcts,  de- 
njan>led  s'ibmi--!-ion  io__the  English  flag.  Governor  Stuyveriint,  rtisjiatohing  his 
Secrct&rj-.  jjolitely  fusked Cajitain  Scott,  "  Will  \ou  come  acros.s  the  river?"  and 
the  reply  vv\.s,  ,'  No  ;  let  Stuy\esaut  come  over  with  one  hundred  soldiers  ;  I 
wiU  wail  fur  bim  here."  "'  What  for?"  denianded  the  Secretary.  "  I  would 
run  Lim  through  the  body."  was  the  Captaiu's  courteous  answer.  "  Th»it 
would  not  be  a  friendly  act."  replied  the  Governor's  deputy  Thus  they 
imrted.  Scoit  rt  tiring  to  Jlichout  (Flatbush),  with  his  forces,  with  drums 
beat''j)g  and  colors  flying,  while  the  people  "  locked  on  with  wonder, 
not  knowing  wh.tt  it  meant.  Scott  told  'hem  they  must  abandon  their  allegi- 
iince  to  the  Dutch,  and  pron.iscd  to  confer  with  Governor  Stuyve.sant.  But 
when  he  iear!;i-d  the  river,  on  his  way  to  New  Amsterdam,  for  this  purpose, 
bo  diclinsd  cro.>s-ing  it.  StiU.  he  felt  \  <.-fy  hnivo,  thrmteTLirig  to  go  over,  pro- 
cliam  the  Kuglisb  King  at  tlio  Manhattans,  and  "  rip  the  gnts  "  and  cut  the 
feet  froiii  .my  man  who  viys,  "  This  is  not  the  King's  hind  '  "  This  was,  cer- 
tainly very  bloodthirsty  ;  but  the  gorul  peoi)le  of  >IanhaltHn  all  escai>ed  with 
v^hoie  feet  and  bowels.  TLo  valiant  Ctjitaiu  th^n  iiiarohed  into  New  Utretcht; 
orderi.d  '.be  on'y  gun  of  wliich  the  block-house  V>oasled  to  be  fired  ii-  the  King's 
honor,  and  continued  his  tiiumphaiit  march  to  Amersfort,  for  aiiother  bloodless 
victory. 

Gov.,-rn''T  Siuyvesant  nr)W  ord-'rcd  a  new  commission  to  conft:r  with  Captain 
Sc(.'tt,  at  JamHica,  an<i  Ciirnrlis  Steeuwyck — one  of  the  fathers  of  New  Am- 
sterdam, resi'ling  on  bis  farm  at  Htirlcm — was  one  of  the  comioission.  It  was 
here  figre^d  that  the  English  captain  should  hereafter  desist  from  disturbing 
the  Jjutch  to>»ns.  TIj?  latter,  however,  insisted  that  the  b*sis  of  future 
Liegotiations,  should  r'^iognize  Lo'ig  T.slxn]  as  belonging  to  Great  Britfain.  He 
alv)  liinted  that  tiiC  Duke  of  York  intended  to  reduce,  in  tiine,  the  whole 
province  of  New  Nelherland- a  deolandion  which  was  to  prove  true  sooner 
than  the  Dut>jh  Governor  anticipat.jd. 

In  Septenditr  of  the  :»auie  yt-ar  f  1  ■ir>4\Colonel  Nicholls  anchored  before  New 
Am'-terdam  with  a  fleet  and  soldiers.  His  imperious  message  to  Governor 
ijtuyvesaut  wjis ;    "I  shall  come  with  ohii>s  and  .soldiers    raise  the  white  flag  of 


46  APPENDIX. 

peace  at  tLe  fort,  ami  tbon  sonn't 'ling  ronj-  he  coii-^idercd."  The  Dutch  colony 
was  entirely  uiiprriiiired  ft.r  such  a  warlike  visit,  iinJ  caj  itnlale.i  at  eight  o'clot-k 
en  the  morning  of  Se[>tembcr  ^<th,  lOr.i.  StuyvcFarjt,  at  the  head  of  the  gar- 
rison, nii'rched  out  of  the  for:  with  the  honors  of  war,  purs'a,iut  to  the  terms  of 
tho  Kurrend-^r.  n"s  <;o]diers  were  iiuiBcJiately  led  down  the  "/?r'//',-',t  Pn-atjf .,'''' 
on  Be.avcr  L<a):e,  to  tho  shore  of  the  Kfirth  liiver,  where  Hiey  onil>«rked  for 
Holland.  Aa  PIugHsh  "  coi-^ior;d's  gnidc"  iiiiruedi.atelir  '-nti-ied  and  took  pos- 
EOt~siou  of  the  f'irt,  over  vrhich  the  Eiif:;ht;b  flag  was  p.t  once  hoisted.  Its  name, 
Fort  Ai.'.sterdam,  was  thtn  changed  to  "Fort  Jame^."  and  New  Amsterdam 
was  hiiueeforfli  kuowc  as  "  Nkw  Youe."  This  was  a  violent  and  tr'-ocht-rons 
seizure  of  territory  ;»t  a  time  .if  profound  peace — .i  breach  of  private  justice 
and  piililic  fittth  ;  and  by  it,  a  great  stale  had  imp  )sed  un  it  a  uam"  v^liich  is 
imknown  in  hi^to'y,  sive  as  it  is  c^nnecttd  with  bigotry  and  tyranny,  and 
which  has  ever  been  an  crieiriy  o'  politic.il  .Tud  religious  liberty. 

Before  follov.iiig  f>;rtbor  flie  conree  of  even's,  a  nijjid  retrospect  of  the  coua- 
mercipl  prrsp'Tiiy  of  New  Nitherlaud  <-eemb  desirab'e.  At  the  period  when 
<iOV.!'iuor  Stuy\ef.ant's  idnjirjistvivtiou  whs  so  suddenly  tenii:a;vte.i  by  the  Duke 
of  York's  forcep,  ibe  i)ojj-)!ation  of  New  Netherlaud  Vi.t;  established  at  "  full 
ten  thcusnud,"  V.'iien  Ncsv  Amsterrhtin  Wixs  first  surveyed,  in  l*'.'.'),  it  contained 
oiifi  hundred  ar.l  twmty  h>uses  and  cue  thousand  souls,  which  increased  ta 
•.ifteen  hundred  in  U>o4 

AJtbougL  U'lritp'iiii  ciT  "  r-'iirnn  "  had  become  abnoht  the  exclusive  currency 
of  New  Netherlrtn-is  '■lt>'i-l,\  stiU,  beiu'er  remained  the  ^tiindard  of  value. 
During  the  years  ir.r)l-2.  Director  Stuyve^Jint  tried  to  intro.lnce  a  sjietie  cur- 
rency, and  at>].!ied  lo  Holland  for  tv.euty-five  thou^.ind  guilders  in  Dut..b 
shillings  and  ft  nr-pei'.ny  ])ieoe.s.  but  the  Directors  there  disapproved  of  his 
project.  The  people  wore  thus  mtirely  dependent  on  n-ii/iipjtin,  .is  we  are 
r.pcu  '•  greenbacks,"  i-.ud  tlie  value  of  w;iges,  property,  ai.d  e'-ery  commodity, 
was,  in  cor.se-.pience,  seriously  distriroed.  So  it  is  in  this  t'iiy,  and  evr  will 
be,  with  Mi  irre.lceir.able  curriucy,  whether  of  ••lam  sh-11-;.  thin  paper  or  any- 
thing else,  not  equal  to  specie.  At  first  Wiimp'iiu  pissed  p.t  the  n-.te  of  four 
black  beads  for  .me  stiver;  uext  i*  was  lowered  to  six,  and  in  I'.'.y  to  eight, 
and  then  ordered  lo  be  considered  a  tender  for  gold  and  siher.  To  a  similar 
level  our  wu.'"acre  liuanciors  would  now  reduce  our  pr.per-mo'jcy.  But  Stuy- 
ves,\nt  wi.--J_>  obicctP'i,  as  it  'Vonld  bring  the  value  of  iTupcrty  to  naught.  In 
the  year  if ""•',•,  the  ".^biu-  ''('/•/, I •/'</ was  I'ext  reduc-d  from  twelve  to  sixteen, 
and  the  bla.k  from  six  to  ^-ight  for  a  stt\or.  Wjmt  wa^;  the  result?  Tije 
holder  Was  obliged2,to  give  more  iratiiju'itt  for  any  a»^ic1e  he  purcu.tscd  from 
the  tr.ider.  vho,  in  return.  all»;wfd  th-  natives  a  large  quantity  of  it  for  his 
bearers  a;. d  skins :  and,  to  use  the  jdaiu  record  of  the  day,  "little  or  no 
benefi;  jKcnied.'"  Ncminally,  prices  advanccfL  v,'h-m  bcavers  which  had  sold 
for  twelve  <-\nd  fourteen  'guilderr,')  rose  to  tweuty  two  and  twenty-four,  bread 
from  fo'.irteen  to  twfuty-two  slivers — eigbt-p<iund  loafs — be.-f  nine  to  ten. 
stivers  per  peuTi'l,  pfivk  fifteen  to  twenty  sti^»-r.s,  shi)es  fr-iin  three  and  a  half 
guilders  to  twelve  a  jtair,  u!id  wr<»'ight  iron  fr.im  eighteen  t'.i  twenty  stivers 
the,  pound.  l.>e avers  and  specie  remained  ai!  the  while  of  e  piid  value;  but 
the  difference  between  these  and  tr.im.inii  was  fifty  per  ocut  The  effect  on 
wages  was  almost  ruinous.  An  old  record  says;  "The  p(K>r  farmer,  laborer, 
and  public  oSicer.  biung  p  id  in  zfiT'in,  are  almost  reduced  t<>  the  nece.iuity  of 
living  on  alms.'' 

The  wft  which  broke  out  in  1 '172  between  the  Eugli.sb  a  ad  the  Dntch,  and 
whieh  was  chieJly  K-arrit-d  on  by  the  natives  .if  the  two  pf<vers,  occasioned  ap- 
prehensions fur  tlie  f;:ift  ty  of  tlie  Province  of  N«w  York  :  and  Governor  Love- 
lace, the  pucc^:sn.)r  of  Ni. -hulls  the  first  Hnglisb  Gov-roxr,  made  pnp.imtiona 
for  a  deuionsir.'Atio!!  of  th.it   cJ^aracter  ou   the   pirt  of  the    Dutch.     Nor  were 


APfENDlX. 


47 


Tis  fe.-.rs  ai.fi-r.utleil ;  allLcu^h  5->n>:'  I'j.^nths  elap-ms  w'tLont  aai*  app^Ararioe 
of  the  eueniy,  he   tillowfid  Ulul■^►'if  lo  fall  ioto  a  f.itr.l  tcusa  of  ^c•c•.lnty,  iwid 
6cooriV:n;^ly  ilisbai:i'c(l  ll:p.  levies,  while  he  hiiu^elf  iV  nvto<i  on  a  vieit  to  the 
E;stern  colituict;.  leaving   the  f"«rl  ia  charge  ef  Ciplnia  John  Mauuing.     Tba 
Duiob,  however,    w ere   not   -.isleeji :  nor  had   thsy  lelinciiisheJ  their  design. 
D<>t-_nuiufeJ  to  ro;-iiin  New  .\m>^t^;^d^nl  fit  all  ha-'-.a-.'-^,  iLoj  fitted  out  a  fleet  of 
dve   fchips,  couiiiianded   by  Admirals   Benches  .%r?d   Eo^rtsen,   witn  C;iptnin8 
C'>lve,  Boes,    and  Van    Zye.     On   the  2?th  of  .T'-ily,  1673.    they  appeared  oT 
San Jy  Hook  ;   and    tpiietly  sa.liu;.5   np  th>^   bay,  \ind   .-uichorisg  before  Rtaf<ia 
Island,  Kfton  apjteared  opposite  the  Battery.     The  3-.et   tb.;n  opoued  a  heavy 
f.vanousde  ni>ou  the  city,  at  the  name  tiiViC  that  Capt;iia   Culvp,  lauding  >»ith 
-ix  hundred  men,  draw  up  in  order  of  battle  ou  ih'  Cosanons,  ready  to  in-^rcL 
ii:to  the  city.     At  a  given   sii;na).  the  men  iiiarcheil  do-.va  Bro:idway,  where- 
'.ipon  C>;pf;'iQ  dimming   surrt^nd^red  the  f'^rt,  on    corutition  that    if.s_  garri«:on 
.Uior.id  ni'irch  out  vitb   hU    t'tie    lionors  r,f  war.     Thi.-i  condition  having  been 
granted;  the  Dutch  troop=^  Hg;tia    puss:-sied   the  fort  and  city.     New  York  re- 
ceived the  name  of  New  Orange,  und  the  fort  hs-^li  the  a  ime  of  Fort  William 
Heudrick.     Oovernor  Lovelace,  who,  jneauwhile,  liai  hastened  hack -from  his 
pkf-.Fure  tonr,  was  allo\i-ed  to  retiirn  with   the  Diitch  .Admiral  only  ;  however, 
to  receive  from   the   P^ug'ish    Goverri^n-nt  a  se v.  re  reprimand   for  cowardice 
iiLd  treachery,  aud  to  learn  that  his  estates  had  heea  conSbcated  to  (he  Duke 
of  York. 

CapLain  Colve.  now  in  coruu:an.l  of  the  Prjviiice  of  New  Netherlnnd,  rc- 
c<^:ved  a  coi.iii'.ission  from  Bouckes  and  Kvortseu  to  govern  the  new  territory. 
His  rale,  thiju.'h  brief,  was  euer'^etii;.  H^^  at  once  !o-?i  lUPisures  to  iiujirove 
the  deft-uses  of  the  fort ;  aud  in  Ootober,  167.3,  we  l:ai  it  stated  in  one  'if  hie 
<>rd?rB  tl:at  the  fortiurations  bad  then,  at  gr>,-at  expen~?  aud  labor  to  the  citi- 
zeab  and  iidiab'tants.  been  brought  "to  p'-rfectlon."  Anthony  De  MiU  was 
p.ppoiuted  Schont,  v.ith  three  burgouia-tCTb  aud  live  sthopens.  The  entire 
city  a•^sumed  tiie  aj)pei;rauce  of  a  liiilitary  po^t,  the  <3o!(iiuonri  ^he  priHcnt 
park^  becoming  the  parade-ground.  A  >ru!f:  or  p.tlisr.dt-  was  jilaced  around  it, 
rcnning  frora  Trinity  Church  along  Will  *fr»r7  — htixe  itK  name— and  block- 
houses  protected  the  t^ettlemruf  ou  every  hide.  Every  day  the  Schout  reviewed 
the  niihtary,  before  the  "  Stadi  Huys.""at  the  head  of  Ooentits  .Slip.  At  nix 
in  the  ev(-ni;ig  he  received  the  city  keys,  aud  with  a  j^'iiard  of  six  men  locked 
the  public  gates,  and  ptatioi.ed  the  .s-^utin'-ls.  lie  unlocked  the  galeis  at  fun- 
riie.     The  I'ity  at  this  period  numherf  J  three  hundred  and  twpnty-tr.  f>  hoi.;crs. 

But  the  se<oud  administration  of  trie  Dutch  va--  Je.«-tiued  to  be  of  bhort  du- 
ratiom  On  the  nth  of  February,  li"74,  the  treaty  of  i<tace  between  England 
aud  the  Siates-Gcncral  was  eigne  1  at  WestminsU-r:  ,;nd  the  Dutch,  having 
dis-^overed  ai:d  posscbsed  the  b.aiiiftil  country  of  N(  w  Nf-tlierlands  for  almost 
t-ixty  years,  were  now,  once  and  fort-ver,  dispo-.s'tsicd  of  it.  On  that  day  the 
old  fort  again  became  "  Fort  James."  liiiving  •surrendered  to  Sir  Edmund  An- 
drews, who  bad  been  apj)oiuted  (I'lveruur  by  the  Di.ke  of  York. 

The  Dutch  of  New  Amet.'rdaru  were  di6li^gni^:h•^l  for  their  good  uatnre, 
love  of  home,  and  cordial  hospitality.  Fa.st  yonr.g  men,  late  botins.  and  fash- 
jouable  dissijmtion  were  unkuown  There  wr.<<,  nrvertheless.  plenty  of  oppor- 
tunity for  h(  ulthful  recreation.  Holidays  werr  abu!;d:P.t.  pa<;h  family  having 
Bome  of  'ts  own,  su'  h  as  birtbilnys,  christenings  and  marriage  anniversaries. 
FAchsea-son.  too.  iutrodaced  ith  nwn  peculiar  and  so^Ld  fcs-tivals—  the  "  Quilt- 
ing,"'"  .\ppIe-KaiKing,"  and  "Husking  Bees."  The  work  on  snch  occasions 
was  KOOQ  liui'-bed,  after  which  the  gu'ots  sut  dowu  to  a  snpper,  well  Kuppliod 
with  chucolate  and  watTles— the  evening  teroiinating  with  a  m^rry  dance. 
Dancing  w.a»i  a  favorite  amuienn  nt  The  slaves  dauce^l  to  the  music  of  their 
rade  instrnmeuts,  in  the  markeu ;   while  the  maidems  raid  youths  pnvc*i«ed  the 


48 


AI'J'ENWX. 


J<rirT\e  Rrnii«<?m.-»Et  at  tli^^ir  sxial  p;'rtieK,  anf?  ui.  uaJ   t'ae  auuaal   Maj-Pole.  on 
tbe  "  Bowling  Gre«u." 

B.'sitlcK  .^ulL  h.VJd.ijs  five  pnbiic  or  imn'on.'!  fr-livnls  \T.;ri.-  obsorved.  These 
v<?r? :  K i' r.-U'^jd.* ,  or  ('Lristuius  :  Si>\L'ti  J'tr,  ',t  New  Year;  Pii-n*,  or  V;\}^n- 
ovur;  J'ink!:'i;  V>liit<iinti<!e ;  rind  Siint"  Cla  :s,  St.  Nicla'-li-.s,  or  Chris-Kiukle 
D,^y.  T!iP  reom  i.f  Ibe  Xatiiily  was  ha'!'^-'!  witb  nniversai  '^.Jufatious  of  u 
'  Iilorry  Christ.iirts'" — ;i  gi>oii  oM  Kni'-kerLocaer  <•U!^t()ri}  wUicb  has  dosifcuded 
UiiiiRjiaired  (''•  us.  No\t,  in  the  d.iy's  i>rofjmi;i-na?,  c.inio  "Turkey  Sl-.oling  " 
-  -tlio  yonj'ti  Tii-^a  rojuiriii'^  eitlinr  io  tbt  "  Hocktuai;  Swuiup,"  or  on  the  Cwui- 
ii!Ou  (^Purk  ),  fur  tb.:-^  fi!j:us(;ru''-Ji.  E.kIi  mnn  piid  .i  few  stivt  rs  for  a  "c'jf.ncu," 
wben  tho  l,'st  sL  .t  ./>>tiin»d  tbe  pri/o.  Tlje  cLi\  was  also  coinmopjorated,  rt<; 
il  is  ;it  till'  T.'r-'S'?'it  day,  l»y  fauiily  diuner'^,  :ii:d  c-lo^;cd  with  doKiestlc  g!>.yety 
PT)(J  cboftifulcess. 

Nft'vV-Yoiir'j  D:ty  ■«■.«  dev.)tei  io  the  -a^iivcr.al  iatei-L-liauge  of  \isits.  Every 
t^oor  in  N >w  Anisterdiia  was  (lirown  T\idv-  o^'eu,  :'.ud  a  ^"urm  wck-uiue  es- 
ten.lftd  to  t'io  <*-oiVio^iT  lib  woU  as  the  friend. 

Si'i'n  <'lii-H!i,  LoH(  »er,  va.-;  .';/(/  diy  of  all  otbers  with  tbe  little  Dutih  folk. 
for  it  Wds  t-d.:r^  1  to  "^t.  Nirliolr.s— the  tulc-iar  divinity  of  Now  .Vm^terd'iiu,  wbo 
h\\  presided  at  thu  fi.,iiro-hcad  of  (Ivj  first  iiuis^r^Mit  sbip  tbut  reailied  her 
fihf>ref^.  'I.'i:e  first  oLircl'  er-ctcd  v/itbiu  bor  fort  was  also  na;ued  aftor  St. 
Nicbolm,  lie  was.  to  t!ie  ima;;ination  of  :1)e  Hf.U"  ppoplo.  a  jolly,  rosy- 
cUock'.Hl.  lif.l.'-  old  mail,  witb  a  sli>'icbf>d  Lat,  Inrg^s  F-eMii.sb  ncse,  dii-l  a  very 
long  j.ijie.  H!->  .-leigh,  loaded  '.vitb  all  sor's  of  Cbri.-itu-.a-;  g'fti?,  vas  drawn  by 
r.iii.dccr ;  an.l,  as  he  d)ove  rapidly  over  tlie  roofs  of  the  houses,  he  would 
j>.iiis«-  ii  tb-^  oljitnncys  to  leavo  preseius  in  the  st!>:-kings  of  tbe  good  children  ; 
if  ^.T//,  t'uey  ijii:;ht  expert  nothi'if;;  bat  a  swit'-h  or  It-ather-stra)).  Ii!  this  way 
the  youiii;  Kr.iok.'rlioekors  becinie  models  of  good  V)chj\ior  aud  )5ropriety. 

About  1T>').  the  vv;».-,  oame  iu  fa.-liion — a  Liugint,'''r  prcjectiu;^  caudle- 
elick,  with  a  mirror  to  reflscl  the  rays.  This  wn-  a  very  s^liowy  article,  giving 
a  fill'',  liyh'  to  th.?  rooms  After  rhi.-  period,  j)'er  ai;d  made  glasses  tame  b\io 
fashion.  Pictiir-s.  such  as  ttiey  were,  alouuded:  bi:t  the/ were  for  the  mo.-it 
jiirt  p  for  cngr,;v;;igs  of  Dutih  oi!i''S  and  naval  eng:i:;.;iieatH.  Cliiutz  v-alico 
of  la'crior  ij;:-  liiy  formed  the  ooij'  wirdi«  corUii!i»<,  without  any  eoruit^es. 
Thero  wcr't  no  .-iryi'ts  among  tiie  e.irly  Datrh.  iior  atiy  hi  £;eueral  lue  aruong 
No;v  Yorkers  .i;:!:!  u;*  to  tbe  porioi  of  tbf  Revolati.jn.  The  famous  Captain 
Kidd,  it  is  s.~.;d,  own'  .1  tbe  first  u.odern  carj>fct  iu  his  best  r^oin,  ard  the  pi- 
xate's  house  vis  the  lienl  furnished  iu  the  oity.  It  was  made  of  Turkey  work, 
fit  ft  eost  of  tweuty-Jive  dollars,  and  resembled  a  large  rn.j.  The  custom  of 
Handing  the  l!o  >r  of  the  principal  room,  or  parlor,  was  uaivirsal,  and  much 
t.t-,t.e  ^I'.s  d;.■^|;'..ly<'  1  in  lb-  nia'U'  faujiful  'levi.-es  and  tigares  made  in  the  sand 
with  the  '»roo.i>s  of  the  s?mrt  Dntcli  inttrons  and  diagbters.  Our  Holland 
ftnce-itors  knew  ujfliing  of  louu;_'es  or  sofas,  or  evou  thi\t  ojiiifortible  .Viceri- 
can  iu\'eution,  tu"  rr.  king-oh.iir.  Their  b-st  oh -.irs  .v^re  striiglit  and  high- 
backed,  coverel  wirh  IJussia  leather.  auJ  el.ilx»iv.iely  oriiari^uti'd  with  dor.ble 
find  triple  ro;;-s  of  br.vi,.^  uaiih.  Iu  addition  to  tht-^e,  tbe  parlor  was  decorated 
with  one  or  two  cliai'-s  having  o;nbr"idered  seats  and  uaeks,  the  handiwork  of 
the  diughters.  Some  of  the  oldest  fa:uilies  also  displayed  in  their  best  rooius 
two  ch  lirs  w'lii  cusbJous  of  tapestry,  or  velvet,  trinimed  with  laee.  About  tbe 
>ertr  17110,  c:, LP  seats  became  fashionable,  a'ld  thirty  yf-ars  after  came  the 
leather  chairs,  w.>rtb  from  five  to  Vn  dollars  e.-icb.  Tb>se  led  the  fashion 
about  thirty  y^ars  more,  wlicu  nnhogaoy  and  bla.k  wibuit  chairs,  with  their 
••rinisoii  dauiasl:  cn>-hions,  appeared. 

But  the  most  ornaau-nfal  pi'^cc  of  furniture  in  tbe  parlor  was  the  bed,  with 
ils  heavy  cun-aios  and  va'auoe  of  camlet  No  -jiattresses  th':>u.  but  h  snbstaa- 
tial  bed  of  hve  geese  feathers,  with  a  very  Hgh:  oup  of  dowu  for  the  cover- 


ing.  T'ucKe  beds  '.vc-re  tlio  beast  .lui  pride  of  tUc  luist  rebpecUble  Datcu  ma- 
IroTis,  ;iijd,  witli  tht>ir  wejl-tilled  cli-jsts  of  hoLue-m-ide  liuen.  supplied  thfir 
e! iiair.  to  ^kill  iii  bouK-kecpiiig.  A  ^'bot-k  co->';riug  ci^dJ  llii'  bods  .in J  piiiows; 
♦he  Hhct-ts  were  ininle  of  bouu>sp::Q  Mucn,  aud  ('vrr  tbe  whole  -aks  Ibrowa  a 
btd'-iuilt  of  pai''hv,ork,  wrought  iuto  every  (^mcf-i vabl?  hbape  .-iiid  pattero- 

Tbe  horses  iu  those  days  '.vero  bred  wild  in  tlie  v>\iod.i  and  )ja>iliiro..s  whicb 
coveri^d  the  upper  jiart  of  >Taub;ittan  Isliind.  Tbousjinds  of  thoni  ruu  at  large 
— the  owners,  at  ccriiiiu  sea-iou-^,  bra':ding  tbei'i  %s  ilb  thuir  uaiues,  wbtn  they 
tiirued  tbeui  loOhO  figairi,  uutil  wiiitor  r'^iiu^-red  a  shelttr  for  tbeiu  neees'iary. 
Such  '.vm  their  gre.it  ir..jreaf;e,  tl<:»t  it  is  R^id  the  I.^laud  n/.-is  oveinin  by  tho 
.Huijoiils,  liow  bfeonie  ns  wild  niid  diiugerous  us  thf^  liutialoeo  of  thej-raries; 
the  l.r'ctk  wa";,  coti^o.juciitly,  inferior,  the  I'rice  of  a  horse  niiigibg  from  teu 
dollars  to  forty  dollars,  ewordiug  to  tbe  .streugtb,  Hud  cot  the  sptrod  of  tbe 
Koiiijal. 

Tho  liferr.ture  of  New  Am^'terdiim  T^as  entirely  different  from  that  of  rtod- 
ern  ti?aes,  Iu  the  jiJace  of  tbe  novels.  luar^'a/.ijj.  s  and  light  reading  which 
Cuw  til!  tbo  center-ta!»le6,  there  was  to  be  fouud  little  else  tbau  IMblos,  Testa- 
iiienli;  and  psilm-books.  The  matrous"  ehnrch  books  were  geuerally  costly 
bouud.  with  Kilver  cla'qjs  and  edgiugs  and  soiu*  liiues  of  gold.  'llieHe  were 
Fu.cpcuded  to  the  girdle  Liy  silver  ai.d  gold  chalus,  and  distiuguibhed  the  style 
of  the  f.iniilies  using  thtuj.  ou  the  Sai.I.afb  days. 

The  Simdavs  iu  Ncxv  A-jisterdam  wro,  moreover,  belter  observed  by  its 
inbabit'iuts  Ihiu  at  the  pri.seut  d;iy.  All  el.^^^Kes  armyod  iu  their  best,  then  at- 
teud<-d  lbs  public  bervices  of  religion  :  aud  the  people,  almo.st  exclusively 
Crdviuists,  ii.tt'"i<led  the  Dutch  Ileformed  Church. 

At  f'ju.  rais.  it  nas  the  custom  to  gi\e  hoi  wine  iu  water,  and  wine-fiangarce 
hi  s.iiL.Tier  Ltilies  geuerally  aitende,]  ou  such  mournful  occasions,  especially 
if  the  deceased  %v:is  a  female,  when  burrit  wiue  was  served  in  silver 
tiuikard''.  At  a  later  era.  on  the  death  of  Mrs.  D.iniel  Phoenix,  tbe  wife  of 
the  City  Treasur.-r,  ail  the  pall-beitrf-rs  were  la<lies, 

Tbe  workiug-uiau  alwr-.ys  wore  hi.f  leatlier  e.pron,  no  matter  what  bio  em- 
pijyment.  Tradesuieu  were  accustomed  to  f;aw  bis  owu  wood  ;  aud  a  mOot 
ueallhfui  exercise  it  was,  Kor  did  auy  man  in  middle  cireunistaEces  fear  to 
carry  borne  bis  "  one  hurdn-d  weight  "'  of  meid  from  U)arket,  On  the 
eoutrary,  it  woiiJd  have  be^.-u  con.-idered  a  disgrace  to  have  avoided  such  a 
burden. 

Sleighing  was  a  fasbionabb?  amriPemeiit :  aud  a  ride  to  Ilarlem  became  tbe 
longest  drive  among  the  "  city  folk."  Parties,  however,  ofteu  turned  aside 
to  visit  •'Hell  Gate,"  influenced,  doubtlesK,  by  tbe  fact  that  ou  this  road,  over 
the  Taiukill  (a  little  stream  emptyiug  into  tbe  Harlem  River,  opposite  Black- 
welle'  Island),  was  the  ■'  Kis-iuig  Ilrhlgf-,^'  so  laid  down  on  the  maps,,  and 
ij:'.:iied  from  the  old  Dutch  cnstoui  of  the  gentlemen  &ilutiug  their  lady  com- 
p.tnious  whenever  they  cro.ssed  the  bridge. 

To  sum  up,  the  earliest  Dutch  emigiants  to  New  York  left  their  deep  im- 
press ujion  the  city  aud  upon  the  State,  Far-reaching  comniercfi,  which  im- 
nioilalized  Old  Amsterdam  iu  the  seveuteeuth  century,  soon  prov(.ked  the 
envy  of  New  .•\.mslerd.iui"s  neighbors,  and  in  the  end  made  our  city  th»  empo- 
rium of  tbe  ^Ve^teru  World.  Our  ancestors  left  children  and  children's  chil- 
dren, w;bo  were  well  iit'.fd  to  act  imponant  parts  in  t!;e  great  work  of  openinj? 
tlie  American  continent  to  European  and  Cbri«-fian  civilization.  They  brought 
with  thf^m  honest  m.'i\iiiis.  iudu^try,  aud  the  libeml  ideas  of  their  Fath'.rlan'i 
—  ibfcir  Kchoobnasters,  th^'ir  doniiuies,  and  th»-ir  JJihi.e-s.  In  the  course  of 
events,  however.  New  Nt-therlaud  pae^'  d  over  to  British  nile,  v.hen  new 
customs,  new  reJaticubhips,  aud  new  habits  of  thought,  wore  introduced. 


ADVERTISEMENTS, 


n.  -SAUSCH, 

> 

THOfyUS  FARRELL, 

o 

1-3  51   TLird   Avonr.e, 

Z 

a 

Builders*  Hardware, 

Brt  vf-.;ii  llTili  H!.l  n.stb  streets 

o 

LO^KSPJlim 

2 

Sewing  i^lacliiiies 

1^ 

AND  BELL  HANGER, 
22r,7  Tl.Ird  Vve.,  bet.  l'22d  .t  123d  Sts. 

Sold,  ?:xHinnf,'oa,  lientcd 

n 

Neir  liild  Sfi-ci-t. 

afld  Kepr.it ed. 

ittr Jobbing  ProDiptly  attended  to. 

roit 

Fins  Teas,  Coffejs,  Splcss, 

(?rrini'jry  aud  Daily  liutttT. 

Choke  Fa:nihj  Flour  and  Srhct 
Groceries--,  go  to 

BEiNN.PTT  &  JARVIS, 

01 M  T'lird  Ave.,  m-ar  110th  Strp^U 
23'>0  Third  Avenue,  i:tar  127(h  Street. 


PHILIP  SPIER, 

:2-27l  TLird  Aveuue, 
E.  tw.-1-n  12  Id  liiul  124tli  StB  ,  Ka.it  Side,  X.Y. 

SPIER'S  mmmi  mm, 

?]  each.     C  to  oMcr,  »7..'«0. 

Hofi.^rj ,  Noti'-nf,  Fancy  (1oo<l«, 
fiirniBbing  Goods. 


DR.  I.  S.  LOCKV/OOD, 

170  K:iPt  12'itb  St.,  South  Side. 


.F.  J.  THORNTON, 

LaJies'  ancl  Geiit«' 

HCr^IE  FilSDE   REST.VJRHNT, 

Tlie  tJiilt-il  Stat-'s  Champ. <>a  Coffc« 
a'waji  rt-idy. 

Laige  Dich*-*  »  Sj"  cialty  at  ro;.iii«r  rricec 

'233S  Third  Aveune, 

Between  12f.th  anl  127th  Str.rts,  Harle.-n. 
Oj>fn  .MI  NU'ht.  P'e»wC«.l. 


CROFT    BROS., 

Foreign  and  Domestic  Carpets,  Oil  Cloths, 

UPHOLSTERY  GOODS,  &c.,  &c., 

.4L5iO  MANrFACTUKERfi  OF 

Window  Shades  for  Stores  and  Private  DweW'ngSy 

2159  &  2161  THIRD  AVE.,  Cor.  of  118tb  Street 


{ 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


WEVHS    r.HEUMATIC  REMEDY, 

A  ccrlJiln  i-nr"  for 

RHEUMATISM. 

Pr'-pdiiid  ai'J  KoM  at  ".VvyJiV  1 1. arm »<-}•, 
:'ltV2  'Iliml  Third  Avp..  Cor.   11S;L  St. 

TS  Ceiili  a   )'.ot11e, 

FOSTER     KEEPING, 

JVatches,  Clocks,  Jewelry,  &e. 

R'^jisiKng  a  Spo.'ialty. 

2117  Third  Aveuii<?, 

Bftwepu  117th  and  listli  8trr.3t>sWooaV Block. 


BK.-iJAMlN   PaOK. 


>?Er,^  ..s  C'RAWior.K. 


PAGE  &  CRAWFORD, 

AUCTIONEERS, 
Real  Estate  (&  Insurance  Brokers, 

Coutiuenfal  Fir<-  Iu^•^lran(■t  BuUdiLg, 

Southwcpt   Corner  Lexicgtou   .^.vemie 

and  12oth  St.,  New  Tork. 

T.f'ans   >TcgoMatt'l,   Proi-^rty   Sold   or   Ex- 
chau(j<-d,  lioiiscB  lA-t,  and  Il-uts  Collected. 

N»«tary    Public. 


Harlei^i  Express  CoiiipHiiy, 

Pbin.  u  II,  Oi-rirp, 
208  East  T-'."ith  Slreot, 
Brjii'-h  (  tfitoK. — t  OM  s;:r..  3  Ur.  U.n  Ftrf-^t, 
^.m;  Cai:a:  .smt-'  aD<;   .11  W.i-t  li.-'lli  Stro-'t. 

I    (uMieral  l^a^'ira^e  and  rackjiije 
j  Kx  press. 

j  GivkJp  called  f.r  Hiid  tor-jrdrdfi.  r)'.l.x-Hi^n» 
,  made  l:i  a  J  parts  of  tUe  Unitwl  S'a't«  aa<l 
,  Can.io^iS.  HaJlfad  aud  Su?ar.:V)oiit  rickct  Of^'-e 
.  for  ibe  North,  Siiutli,  Ea-»  si  d  \V.*t.     jli^ik-ai'© 

I'li'tlii-d  ;jiim  TtPMid'TU'e  to  DcBtiiiatioii,  l'm4. 
I  fciiilTs  i>o.'Vi-d  to  all  paits  of  t'je  CJoi-titi^-tt. 
'  Drafts  fur  i^^'.c  from   IX   Hj»w-ar<l?,  ut  iLcIcwct 

rstfH,     SrOlfAGh;  ROOMS. 

iJ/i^i/zz^  Morris  Hotel, 

Cor.  1  --.i.!  St.  it  Jlouni  :\Iorris  Ave. 

GEORGE  TIEFEL, 
Importer  of  Rhine  Wine» 

RESTAURANT, 

.\11  delicficies  in  their  sea.soti. 


L.  8.  DEWEY'S  i 

Storage  Warehouses,  j 

AV'D 

Metropolitan  Furniture  Transfer.  ' 
Nob.  106  <fc  108  East  120th  St., 

Near  Fourth  Ave.,  New  York.  j 

Oor>d8  called  for  iind  dfclivfrcd  to  all  ptrU  of  • 
the  rity  or  country.  floxniR  and  Shiupinn  i 
atti-nd'.-d  to.    S'juriite  rooas  for  furniture,  kc 


J.  G00D3IAIS, 

2"210  Third  Aiicnne, 

Comtr  122d  Strt^ 

Hiih  the  larg<->»t  anil  fin-jst  -Icv-lt  of 

oots  &   Shoes, 

lu  every  varietj-  aud  it  It  in  Il&rleni. 
CAI.Iy  AM>  SEK. 


J.  }{.  Rosen  &  Co., 


GEO.  E.  GODDARB, 

PRmER  .n,  EmnAVER.    ^WHOIES.UE  TOBACCOi-ISTS, 

2239  Third  Avenue, 


Maiinfacturers  nf  Fine  Cigars, 


ITp-tOKD  age-Its  for  »'J  the  kading 
I'raitdH  of 


Smoking  and   Chewing   Tohaccos, 

printing  PrcsHCR  on  the  Pr-julfeu.  i  2383  Third  Aveiiue, 

No  work  WD t  on t.  I  Norlli(a»^i  Oimer  159tU  Street 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


R.  T.  KELLY. 


2827 THIRD    AVENUE- LVV27 

Is  oae  of  the  lustilutions  of  Harlem.     Keops  u}>  with  the  Times 

Has  always  a  fuil  line  of  Hats  iii  their  Season. 

CALL,  SEE  AND  BE  CONVINCED. 


W.  H.  COLWELL  li  SO^, 

—-ESTABLISHED   18'i1  —  - 


H 


n 


BER 


OKFlcr,  TIIIUU  AVE.  nnd  T-'Sth  ST., 

YARDS,  3d  Ave.  <&  ;2.S7/j  St.,  and  12inh  St.  let.  2d  &  3d  .icerjies. 

Hardware,  House  Furnishing  Goods, 

STOVES,    HEATERS,    AND    EAKGES, 
2289  Third  Avenue, 

Kear  VlixU  Street,  NEW  YORK. 

-  PAINTS,    OILS,    GLASS,    &c. 

TIN,  COPPER,  SHEET  IRON,  AND  PLUMBING    WORK. 


EbLiliiKbcd 


1«59. 


Charles  B.  Tooker, 


IlEAIEB    IK- 


Iloui%  Feed,  Hay,  Sti'aw,  Grain,  Salt. 

COAL   and   WOOD, 

ALL  KINDS  OF  GARDEN  SEEDS.— 


23S0  Third  Avenue. 


Cor.  I29th  Street. 


OFFICE  for  Delivery  of  Coal,  205  East  128th  Street. 


/ 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


-a 

C 

"J 
w 

0) 

a 
a 

o 
J4 

<u 
m 

3 
O 

X 


ri 


o 
w 

a 

ft 

CO 


p 


Tiic  best  and  only  Washing'  Gompoimd 

EVER  ]?>'VENTED  THAT 

SHAKES    -^^^A^n^l^G    S3ASY 


CHEAP     AND     QUICK, 

In  Hard  or  Soft  Water,  without  Harm  to  Falnic  or  Hands. 

:nLUO.\S   UPON  MILUO^^S    of   packages  are  annually   COhSlMD 

Byiutclli^out  houae'se.  pers  ii  aH  rarts  of  i!:^  cr-uLlry,  and  tlie  d«;:.ijind  it  l-j.-rvjaging. 
By  its   use  ♦^^'.prudgery  of  Washing  is  well  nigh  t!cne  away  with, 
and    delicate   women    can    perfoim   the  worlr   with   comparative    ease, 
esoecially  in  hot  weather,  when  the  washing  can  be  done  in  ccld  water 
without  boiling. 

C^For  iIoK<ec]oiU»i»?,  Washing  Dislicn,  Cloaiiiiig  Milk  Cans,  &c.,  ic. 
2'Ii£re  if  ru>thiiig  io  oAnpart  trith  t'L 

Sold  by  Grocers  in  Harlem. 

Beware  of  Vile  Jmliutluns,  put  vp   urJ'.r  N::inci;  that   sound  like 

And  are  nref.l  by  doarlers  beranse  ib-y  c-m  matt'  larg-.r  profits.     rKARLIXJE 
is  the  only  S^FE  article,  and  always  bcio-s  the  naiflc  of 

JAMES  PYLE,  NEW  YORK. 


ADVilRTISEMENTS. 


M.    ANTONY, 

JLAVr  AMi).VV  Ti'-OS.) 
M:i(ii.fafturrT  j^ 

Cahinet  Furrdture  and 

UPHOLSTERY, 

Dfj.ot  \!.tiiiiial  Wiro  Matti»ssrj. 

2'2S7  Tliird  AvJnu'?, 

r..tri-ii<  r.lTh  :^'l  12:>tli  S'r'.-els  and 

201  Eftsl  :24*.ji  St. 

Crl;-re  Tor^J.  yi^ii'g  Kxi  .•■..IfHl  at  IKe  nlif.rtt  st 
ijotioe. 


Attorney  nnd  Courscllor  at  Law, 

S.  W    Cor.  I25tli  St.  A-  Lexington  Ave. 
j  Oflice  open  tm  fl  p.  lu. 


r.   /".    THOMPSON 

A  I.a.-ge  AD^crhi«iit  of 


ox  v^ya. 

Fra'i-.is  ruitlr  to  orOler  in  any  snle. 

Pariefa«:;:oa  f;:nrstitee«l. 

•231S  Fonnli  Avenue. 
I5'tAP« n  125th  sad  12tUli  St'cuta. 


JArsES  A  VERS, 


JOHN  HOLMES, 

i.'27;j  Thir.i  Ave..  H-t    123<i  .v  J  24(h  Sts. 

t?oie  .\fevnt  Mr  H.iilcni  for  IHSl'CU'S 

Lodu-^'  Fnrr.r^l.inj  ti:  Fiuirij  Gccdf  Store. 

yrV  line  of  T/V.doi  wear,  Hohl.^v.  fcr, 
Aff'St  ,*■<  r  .Tobn  It.  (Iiitt-r  4  Co.'s'o«M)rated 

I^T'iKiT^  SSTK  AM'i  TiVlNT 

i  '"'"H1ST'0Ry7)F  irARLEM~ 

I 

;      A    '.aTC,i3    sitiil   Miiocintt   liii^foi  y  of   tIarVm, 
•^r'*  T-T*^       jr*      «p»  >jw  -o:,.- rj   ^5;-^   .  flMtitj^  tjf!<k  ?IJ  y.-:TS,  will  Kf.on  1.0  lunlisijflrt. 
.ii:;     JjZt^  Jt^^  X-J^.  -iii^   .-:;^rS>         yi.l-is;b(-..,!lj  r,il!   ,,n,\   .-crre.t   h;,^torv   of 

I  Hurlim.    'irdert  will  he  rKfivofl  bv  tb-  ur.tbor 
I  St  yo.  12i  EH't  HHh  So-i-.'U  N.  Y.  "  l'nr,e$5. 

GOLDSMID, 

The  One  Price  Hatter, 

2.31-2  Third  Aveu'ie, 

li.-t-.ti-e;i  10.ML  -vu.l  12tt)i  S.'rwi*. 

Ci?"".^!'.!;"  l;ats  made  to  -inif-r  .1  Rpoc:aJty. 

GEO.  \V.  THOMPSON, 

Columbia  Cigar  Store, 

Tliird  Avei:ne  and  12.'th  Str.X't. 

P-rl;  *  Ti:fc^d■^  r.gar.-. 
(Gcimi.-i''  '.lapon.d  Ha\ aus.) 

A.  RiTTERMAN, 

Iii.lKJi-tor  auj  Who'ef>il(>  0.;r.ler  iu  Foreign  au4 

'WLNES    AND   LIQUORS, 

!  174  East  li;Uh  Street, 

!     Bit  veoa  Tjirl  ul  r.,ji  rirl  ,T  Vt-'ai«^. 

'  Y.  BALDWIN,  ' 

I      Carpenter  and  Builder, 

6^  EciKt  ]2f>th  Ptreot, 
I  Near  Fourth  Ave. 

I  TTiu-i*  on-rbu  i!(  J  s'ld  f'-jialrrd.  Riorog  siid 
;  f>ftk-pK  littC'l  uj>.  A!)  ki'irls  aud  vanrt^  of  work 
■  (V'Tji-  111  NViiod  at  bhort  liotioe 

I     DALY'S   HOTEL, 

'  Con:pr  130t}j  Sfrept  eud  Third  Avnme. 
I    r!ooir>  and  >'Oaio  by  tb.i  day,  wci  k  nrn.  .xitb. 
C^iUTicoWd  w.;li  tl,f  Hotel  is  a  l.ir^«  U«ll  Viliich 
I»  to  Itl  for  la9i,fii:^8,  ic. 


Ucal.r  in 


Sfaple  and  Far-cy  Groceries, 


2?.'].'  Thiid  .\vcnue. 


Xcar  12KdxSti-cct. 


.*'%. 


ITJ*- 


I>c»kr  in 

MiUinei^ij  and  Fancy  Goods, 

7ep'.i>Te.  f-:X!  i\  ~:\\,  r.Iblv.DK,  F1  .wnrs, 
'/.■irr;*,  V(-]vet^,  ^■ci^tLe^'^.  Kil 
Gloria,  r.irtctb  acd 
Ho!»i"ry. 

fi'.'('  Ii'ie  c/  DrcSi,  Jifa)<i'rs'  Tiimm'wgs. 
IIZl  i-  2237  Tl:iid  Avenue. 


^y,\  ADVERTISEMENTS.  ^^ 


ILSLEY,  DOUULEDAY  &  Co., 

2146  THIRD  AVENUE, 

Between  117th  and  118th  Sts^  NEW  YORK, 

Ready  Mixed  Paints, 

At  IS  Cents  per  lb., 

I'KKP.VitKD    FOR    I.li:»IJL:DIATli     I  SE. . 

Johnson's  Prepaiad  Kalscmine,  any  Gclor,  can  be  applied 

by  a  Child. 

WiUifitiif,"  Ll'iirM  Gold  Painf, jicr  l.ottle,  S^l.OO 

IMe\,  Do'.ib;«d-iy  iCo  ■sLi.iiidG.jIlI'.iint, •'        '•  .75 

DiAmoTii,  "  "         "     '*        ••  .40 

Cro^-n,  .2.> 

Wiusor  and  Kevioii's  Oil  rnid  \Va;=^r  Colors. 
Crtiyotis  p.nd  Crayou  Papf  r«.  Artist's  TaletU-s  aud  PaleLte  Kuives. 

IJed  Sable  Artist":,  Bnisbes,  :-.^or.e.!,  No.  1  lb  12,  at  si. 80  j.cr  dozen. 

"We  maunfacture  our  Emsbc'?  £.ud  Paints,  and  defy  competitioa. 

SrkJfcr  Illu4r,iti-J  C-'-y'i'-^'U  or.d  Prt^e  IJut 

No.  '-M46  TlIDJl)  AVEM'E,  DliAMH  OF  243  TEARL  STRFET. 


D.  7A.  WILLIAMS  &  CO..  ^^    CiJS3,3LX^.^, 

MILLINERY  &   FANCY  GOODS,    Comcr  121st  street  ?.aJ  Third  Aveune, 
Ladles'  and  C;.ut.O  Fural(«liltig.     \ 


2308  3d  Ave.,     2  do<-.r€  above  12T.tli  St. 


Has  tbe  largest  Jtock  of 


XlFE     INSIHANCE    in    tbe    beet:         lORKIG.X  aud  DO.^IESTIC 

iJ    Cunjiii'.riy, '.ffcctol  at  thr  I^owe*;  Eslc*.      I 


S.  MAURICE  3ARNETT, 


X.  B.  Por'ona 


,h.    aAKJNt.1  I,  ^„.^ 

2JG   Ea^t  Soth.  Mrret.     iE^Sir^r  ^^0<OC3.^, 


for  b^<■'  fiimp,  M-lil  '*  waited  upon  r''--"t»!:-y  j  H»t)em 

by  in  a<;Liit  inimc.Uitelj  ou  r«^,-ti;>t  ol  lvUSc*.  '"  uitiem 


tloa.  ' 


~  F.  CGLEASON.  '''^""'''^wNr    DADrMcnv  '"*• 

tt'VTCiiiis, CLOCKS, J E\vELa\v  WM.  ROBINSON,    . 

S//.  VJSli  A  so  J  I.A  Ttl>  WA  IlK.  !         -.  ,  -^,-~  ,,-^.  T-^TT-ta  -rT-5» 

KtTn'jnd  S>rli»cles  F.je  aud  Op.  r»  (.Iv;St«,       (•;.;.r  J-U<ai/*X-i?^lJriJn^ijt<S/5 

c.^.  107th  Street,        —  N. » T-^rt '  2316  Fo.irlli  Aicaae, 

Wat^*-»,    lorj:^^^  ,a,,^Jil,  H^yaUt^U  Bet.  12r,fb  &  126tli  St...  > E W  TOBK. 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


>V.  L.  EMAUauOKE,  I  GREGOR  SPfcCK  &  SON, 

FHOTOGPvAPHER,!    '^"SICAL      I>iSTRUMENTS. 

.*  "  n«    T I  .  1  f>  r»     t  V 1-  '      -^f '•'''^-  S'""--«'  St«ti-Prr.  Books,  .t  Tor^. 

Z.^US     Il.li.i*    .l\f..,  I      A"-tnr.i,.i2i^  uDd  o'-l.'-r  Ii^ttii.'iicutsrriiairv.L 
CV.n  and  Bf«.      Sp.tisfai-tion  gii;irantr-fd         Mu<ic  furuitbHi  for  a.'!  ..«ca-ionH 

Only  fir-,t-cliss  work.  !  224;i  Third  Ave,  B-t.  1224  <fe  123d  Pts. 

^""wARNKEN's  HOTEL.     ':  Rodger's  iiarleiii  Butter  Depot^ 

129tJ.  suet  o>Hi  yj.  Mck^Ia.  A.nuc.  \  ^,,::^},^}^:^  ^:^^..^ 

.*1ps,  T^'itii-'*,  I^lqiiors  and  >»r:iarK,  '      Fine  s'ld  ;in<1  Ne*  Cbt--?''-, 

V'l    ..      -VAUVWVV      Pr„  '         t^  -■^>  ^c'S-,  Pu".-  Mil,  Pot     CliC-CKfe,     ButtT- 


V/ALT£R  A.  WHITE,  \     TIIEO.  1>.  C   MILLEK,   >t.  I)., 

20118  I.._'x:nston  Ave., 

Yird,  152  Fast-  JH^th  Stm-i,        i 

>Var  Lt;.\ij.gV'n  A^«•.  '         Oi  vkk  fl  ivrf. — TI'5-»ie  9  a.  in. 

PVmnufU  Cai  »  Pr^H  ia-.ty.  [  12  £..  2  ami  .=5  to  7  p.  iii. 


COAL   AND    WOOD,! 


CHARLES  A^ANN,  I  WKBKir.s 


.,         ^      ,    '  I.-tw.'(-:i  l".t'i -..T  d  i2.;tU  sticvfd, 

n..ii.-e  I■l:r!JlHbJ!;gG.-^.^F,  tc,  ,      iv.ccr  ((,r  Drugs.  V^.:;..:i.i-s:i7.d  rritcrirH''Ji8 

J?.?/^'f    T'/.jV'f    4a'»":«e^.  j  50p-r  <r,n  lo^erllia-i  ti-=e-»liere. 

Betwrn  l-'lh 'Wi.l  li>»Th  Su*.  '  \Vi-st  SiiK  i      QUlNlNK  in   IVw.irr,      PiUs  —  {.'oblin.'  cr 

Prof  an. 1  i'.-ijiiti!.  K.i'pTli:n<',  fca  ■  pnija:  (•cof<'rt,  1  i>'nt  s  grnin. 

ADVERTISE    IN 

A  Most  Effective  Medium. 

Ci:ifcnlaLioii    15,000    per   "Week, 

2.500  I'ER  DAY. 

DIl^TEIBUTED    FREE 

In  an  houesi  and  t)ioro'igL  maurer,  ou  the  Avenne  aud  a<  the  Elevated  EaiLoad 
tjititioiis.     Adverti!~iug  rates  lower  than  in  any  other  j-.iper  jmblished 

CHEAPEK  THAN  HANDBILLS. 

EacL  Allv«.rti^^r   rpceivo-^   ibe   additional  r.'lv.^ntr.;^..   of  ovir  ~\VELKLY  FILE8, 
wLiili  arc  di-'.rilmted  at  all  j-Lvces  of  riil,>lic  Re.sort. 

Ad.lr.-t^,   I'EJIKINSON  .'c  JOIJXSON, 

223  Ea-^t  129tb  Street. 


*     ADVERTISEMENTS. 


i1 


SMALL    TALK 


00]]]  Inl]  Hoolr   IIofkiiioiiqp 


AND    UOMMEBCIAL 


'C3 


225  and  227  East  123th  St. 


First  lilacs  printinij  in  all  its  biiinclus'  at  rates  cojupariii;^  frtvor- 
ablr  •A'itb  any  in  Now  York. 

The  smallest  Ljibtl  or  the  largest  PosLftr  furnished  at    .Short 
uotice. 

Association.  Ix)df:je  atui  Church  Print inj^  «  .Specialty. 

Esliiiiaiss  ChssrfL'lIy  Rirnisheil. 

Orders  by    mail   promptly    atteuleJ    to    an  1    (.•iuv;tii.**ri    with 
■nitiplftH  sft'.it  to  any  a^MrfeBs. 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


TO    THE 

Mepxhants   and   Residents 

of  n4J^LE:\I  and  Vicinity. 

Tbe  und-.^rsigued  Jesirc  berewith  to  inform  the  up-town  Public 
tbat  they  Uave  purchased  the  complete  Miller 

EOOOIilE  ESTiBLSlEIT 


of  Waterbarj,  Conn., 

wlueb  embraces  all  t'le  .^Todern  Machinery  aud  P.irapheicrdia,  for 
he  Biiv.liD;^  of  PojLs,  P  uuphleta,  etc. 

Tiiey  are  uow  prepared  to  r'^ceive  orders  for  all  clusssa  of  Com. 
meivijxi  and  Family  Vrork,  v.i  Rntes  us  Low  as  any  ia  New  York  and 
style  and  quality  of  workiaatiship  unsurpassed. 

'Binding  of  Magazines,  Hewpapers,  Perioiiicais,  Sc. 

will  be  made  a  specialty. 

Should  yoa  desire  Binding,  whether  for  a  8iii;jle  paicphkt  or 
ft  birgs  number  of  drst  class  volumes,  please  address 

PEKKDsSON  k  JOHNSON, 

225  oDd  227  Fjut  123ih  Street. 


MAK.LEM  BUSINESS  DIKECTOUY. 


Arch  I  ton. 

Chhr'ts  Jfxirr,  2?Clj'ilj  rd  A.tiiup. 

IC^iJicrnt. 

K.  A.  iiejc,  2^0-  y<  ir.Jj  A.iijut. 

xiarbcr*. 

AdtTiiiy.ttnoh,  l.jr.  r.cvt  l^'.'.h  Str  M, 

Eccr  S.-iIooii%. 
rnj-  iliF,-,  Sl'JJ'J'jiH  Amlv.c 

I'llIInrdn. 
Berry  W^je-i-,  .3,7  Jli.r.i  Avesne, 

l?-»a:"<  to  Let. 
O.  P.  llayniT,  nirKa^  i<r;d^e. 

BooUMtidrrft. 

rerkir.aoa  «  )  .  .,.oii,  ::'>  i:  !■■;  i:  t'j  S'ri-»t. 

Roots  A  .^lioca. 


I  Drnj^jUt*. 

I  Cl'"-on  n-'.rrt,  2.-4!   I  U.rd  Av  :m«i, 

j  A<i.  J    No  V.u,,;!  >;  ;hird  *^en^*. 
Axn.cr*  Jiu^.rd.  ' t; j  W t  :  j i">lh . 
J  IViU  Wcl-r,  .*i-.i.   I'li.J  A>c   lit, 
I  i^  G.  WljI>,  ;1oJ  l!i:rrt  Av.uue. 

Dry  Goods. 

E.  CalL-n,  r^  rJ  A^e.  &  i.'Ui  street 

Dvcrs  A;  Cleaner*. 

j  H.  C  Sflrlra.-:,  j'M  rojrlh  meuue. 
♦  .  L.  »,:.•■:.■<,  -,.i5  Ib.i-d  Avenue. 

Elcvtrfcal  Apparatu*. 

•Too.  I.  Coa:j-u  i  C.\.   Li  viugtou  Aveuu*  cad 
JU'.ib  ftlriet. 


J.  K, 


3182  I'j  ,a  Av, 


VC.  h.  U.it  &  I  o..  .'jSO  Ti.;ra  Avenue, 
r  ^^h.;c■aout.o,  an\  T);ird  A\eiiue. 

M.  Z^b::jKi!!,  -iL-iU  I'lUrd  Am  uua. 

Burglar  .tlnrui*. 

Jo*.  I.  CcDkMn  A!  Cr.  I.xti.tjtj  Avenat  atid 
IJ'uli  str-  et. 

BuIIdo-s'  Hardware. 

Tb'^s:.  Fair- 1,,  Af.y   J  U  rd  A  *o,.u«. 

rs utter  a:>d  Clieese. 

y.  S.  I;c(1fc;t»>-,  -jJal  TU<J  A\eLoe. 

CarpcKiom  <fc  BiilJdera. 

r..  13  :1  ■<«  in.  r.'i  Kap;  I2;)th  S  r.-of 

C.  M.H.  J-.  tii.f,  .31b  Icuitli  A»vLi.£. 

Carprtn. 

Croft  Brcli^ers  il^J  a  ^d  -:';i  Tiji-j  Avenue. 

Clock  Maker. 

L.  J.  Bouse!,  171   East  IJOtj  f_-tet 

Clothier*. 

Har>ni   fc '^e^t.  }«►!, ,    C'r-'.!rcT  Ci    3,1    ATe 

rLd,  12-tli  StrveL° 
5l3L»  &  Goodinau  2;,GI  TLnd  Arcune. 

Coal  i  Hood. 

■W.  A.  ^Vbit<^.  15i  E.et  :S.-.th  btreet. 

Cooked  .Tte.-ttn  .fe  ProrUlon*. 

C.  F.  Kjra«-,  2J;J.-   Tturd  A-exiue. 

DcntittiM. 

P.  CV'btxI,  \Tl  r-ipt  l-Ub  >»rvet 
L.  3.  Kinc.  i-^TS  Th-.rd  Avruue. 
X.  8.  I«ri.i«>jd,  70  iUmt  la.tk  Street 


E:?prcji«. 

i  fii^rlen  Exr-cs  Co..  -JUs  K;;>t  I2'th  Street. 

I  Fn uc J- Coodn  and  >:otloii«. 

I  John  Uo.jic-,  2.'7.>  ri.i.-d  Aveuue. 

Fish. 

P.obtrl  Brown,  COOoX  Third  Ar.'ane. 

I'lour  A:  Feed. 

C.  B.  Tool:.-r,.;t.O  T  ,iid  Av.  .,je. 

Frames. 

W.  F.  l"ho:i:p>.ia,  .iJis  ici.-tb  Avenus. 

\  Friilt«. 

I  CuKcL  t  Matliew*,  •.•  <-4  Tb Ird  Areaae. 

j  Furntltire. 

)  M.  Antony,  •r2<u  Tiiird  Avcuup. 
:  Gf<>.  B.  Fei  u-»u  &  On.,  ■i.j.iy  ThJrd   At*. 
^  Hsf.eui    A    .Ne>r    r->r:;    K.iniUjrt   Co.,   21SI    k 
•JH"'  I'liir.l  Aveuue. 

Gonfs  riirnNliliii;  Goods. 

K.  F.  n3rt>y.  J:!::i;  Third  Avtiiue" 
;  OhMiI-«i  K-iiC,  ■.•.•»  M"i>i  ij-t!i  stieet 

Ihil.ps  i,r,  :2:i   Tier  I  Vv-i.ue. 
,  I.  SIraafH,  J.M3  ITiird  Avenu-. 

I  Good  J  ear  rinbbef  Goods. 

j  Hccdqu«.-t£iv:-.a7  Third  AvenneL 

Griudin;:. 

Hcary  FitCitor,  2.r,  L.ki  l/;,£i,  8U»«t. 

I  <irocer». 

J-mf*  Aver--.  5"V,-,  Tb:rd  Av  n"(» 

M.   1-   B«,.:'jj.n    fc   Co,   Foi.r;h   Avenae    asd 
'  ::Cd  ir.tb  SOfft. 

F  t^Ji.r  B.fN.  Third  Avenue  -..id  ICilb  SLraat 
;  Wju    Kor.iu^o'i,  i<l6  Fo.Mtb  AveLu«L 
I  ».  C.  Tfclier,  i)3j  ibi  d  Av.niie. 

i  Hardware  and  fToune  Faralalilnff 
Coo<l«.  ^* 

I  J2rcra  Eiatcrjw., ^.j  Av»aa«. 


7" 

HAI-ei-EM  nUSlMESS  DIRECTORY. 


Hat*.  j  frlutt-r**. 


L  OoldH;iii'l,  2-ni'  Tiiir.l  Av-u jo.  J  p.rkin'^m  k  .foliu.-on,  zi^  East  r.'JtU  Strict. 

H.  T.  KeJIy,  C;<J7  Tlurrl  Aveau.-.  ( 

,M»Di;f;i<-turer  anJ  I>>»J^ler.^  PfOVinloH  l>ealcr<4, 

f  lotolw.  :  ti-  F.  Knll.T  i-  SriDf,  2171  fbird  A\tune. 

HmJ..  V  Hoir!,  l;^llt:l  S;rp'-t  i  T'.iiiil  Av.iiii*  J                  Raii;ies  <V  r'urnace*. 

fc-..r-ti  l..-\ii.t.s  J^UI  1  liiia  Av.;niie>.  |  i,rjili.^:ii  &  Murnby,  i Ul  Fourtli  Avi-oui-, 

.ML  Morris  Ho«.-,.ir,Ui  fit.  ..  M-.   yU'Tr.r  A^y. .  ,       ,    ,vtate 

\ViJliaiiSch«:.!., -^iix-  Thud  •vv-iiue.  t                            »Coal  »,r.iatc. 

WariiV«ii  s  Il.->ff-l.  I'i.'lh  St.  *  ft.  >";.->;o',»«  A.V..  'A'.  \,  All;  »'. i-ou^J.  •-.'SI  Thira  Avenu.'. 

I. ..  i  ,.....,.,  >I-  'At'-'-eU,  N.  K.  our.  lojnb  \..-.  s  UJtli  SU 

l<<    I.  rt  am.  U._.i:;-,i:.i  liroWiOltCKaM  l/5tb  St;^vU 

«.  .1.  Siitmrlaiid,  '.'^'.U  TairJ  A \ ■.•.iii-.  vv    H.  )'•  lbo:ii,  1  ••.1  rhiid  Avi'i;u<*, 

llUiin-«'ii;'f  OIU«-«-.  it.  A.  MiU!<,i.i7  We-t  l.i5  l.  StiL*'-                     • 

\i        AT  V     •»-  u     •  ■•  >-'h  <t,  .  I  ^-'«-"»-  'i  Ora*lc.r.t,  I.^iiit'ton  Ave.  i  l-j-.-U  St, 

It<dli.'<lrii<l    Jusiira (!<-<>.  «Je<i.  H.  Wivor,  ijJii  Thu- 1  A\eijue. 

.1.  A.  \1"  K'^rui--.  -•i'-I   riiini  \>i;iiii-.  •                              Ri-stHurant. 

t,u\»j  vri*.  •  .-,„,rs  }..  .^uliiv:m,  .:2ii  Thici  Aveiiue. 

l-,-;ix  J.!j.  uik.  2-:i.'.  Tliir.!  Avoiim  .  .A.  Tiylor.  r.t  J.ast  l-itb  StrtrU 

Joe.  H.  M<C:iitb>.  L-rxiu^rt'a  .^^.  A.  l--".iii  «i.  So-'ur*  and  Totisioco. 

W.  H    9;j.'c;'>-r,  ».}<;  El!^;  HT'.ii  dlr.v;.  .  j..^^,,  j^  iii../~u^or  -.'lui  Tli-.r<l  Aveju«. 

I'hoK.  II.  Vkkt-r. ,  •J2^:i  J)iirii  Avtitii.  i  ji^ji,  H  j„r:,.ajer.  !l.i<'  Tliird    Aveiue. 

I.U  or  J-   Sla!)le»i.  .  "Jwl  C.sa:  StJrfc,  -.'aa-i  'iLlrd  Aveuue. 

^-;^-n  r.-'""';    "r^*      ,^,  ^'       l.Jt,i   St^«.  ^^^        m  u,>.o»^  rhird  A^,.uae«   1:MIi  St. 

poftitt  ;»I..it  Mdv,.,!  i^3ud:T;i;.  St-wliiK  :»Iaol>iii«»i». 

Lumber.  ^   Ka  :,(h,  i)3l  IhirU.Vv^-nn*-, 


W.  JI.fH,i*<ii  *:  Sou,  T.uid  \:  .  I  V:<h  M. 


siioodn;;  Oaller). 


?f»a,hinNI>.  .  .^^^,T.  K^:mij,^S:.  luirl  Avoua-^ 


SliiU  P:iinlt>r*. 


Mtitli  ',:  Br-.,.j,'«,  -^24  i:;i..^t  l/HtU  M.nxt. 

J.  K....kl.n,2174TnudAvemi.,  'NlHlioner. 

.m»niier>   A:   l'kiii.;>   4ioodM.  u.  r.  yci^.»:i   jr.,  Ki  La-t  I'-'Hii  S'.n't-t- 

S.  H.)il:iiiiii.  2Ml'ni;jd  AMinif.  Mora"0. 

.>i!JIIii.  ry  A    Slair  Gov.d..  I  nd.rtuker.. 

".llibM'R  llav/kiiiK.  J.'.H",  U'Lir-l  Av,-iii',-.  •  j;,i.v»^i  <i-h!.  rl.  2M'.  <lt  Avoun<-. 

n  ll<I«>.  •  Joiii;  W.  Lxun.  74  Tart  IJ-IUi  6>tr.-,t. 

it.  Sixrk  i  S'-ii.  JJJ'J  Tir.rl  Av'iin. .  ;                               |'i>U<fl»-:iT«TJ». 

PaiittH.  I-  KMiedpn>aLlj,  -J-til  Fu  .tU  Aveuue. 

INiey.  !>.>al>'..  liiV  .t  C  ..  iU''.  1  i.'ird  \v,-:.;ie.  '                   Vtlt-rluary  .Viir^rfou. 

PU.Ho-rapUi.-  An   Uooiii^.  l>.-.  M.  L.  Fny,  .li  J:d-t  ll.stb  b:rv,,-t. 

i;.  E.  Bi;lkel«  y,  -I^^.n  tr^  -jii  j  Tii-d  Avraiif.  \^  a^ini   HullUor*. 

\V.  L.  Kmxor.  ^?i>-,  C^i->  rii.'d  Ai-irjfc.  X,-\lri.-V  *  iip->  ii.  '■4>t  l-»et  l.-.i;h  Slr^ft. 

.UTuc.  0,iul,  TMr.i  K.-.  k  ntU,  -<.r-et.  ;  '             „  ,.„.i.,..  and  .U^xvXry. 

FUiMO   Furu-    VI;.„iilu.t,ir.-r«.  [  ^^    .,.     i^^,^„.   ,,,„,  ^xeuae. 

I!,  liiiiij^  At  Son,  ;jn  l.a-f  l.;.'>tli  S'r--.l.  ;  f  ,.   Ol^r.^oii,  sMu  I  loi.!  Av.inia. 

Di<ta  *.  Z.'mb,  2;r4  Tl'.iid  Av.n>.<  "          ,,  .                    ,    ,^    ,,,  „-    ^ „ 

\v:,iU:«-.  'f  '"•!.,  i<71i:ijd  Am'IiIH-.  i  I.'ii.-u.-  \  St.'lider,  ^^74  Tldid  Avcuiif. 

IMi>  -.UlatiH.  i  «-'t-"  '''"r'i'^l>  ^^1  '^  '"^''  A^^*"*- 

1>.  KraiiVUi.,   M.  1). ,!.'>;  Ba^t  UTiU  Sir-^t.  ',                     U'ilitK      -id   L,tt|U<>r». 

Th.->.  1).  <:.  M;!l,  -.  .nv!-  I.r-iirip1,vi.  \\faxie.  '  ,.             o    Calijl'          .  T'nrd  Avanue. 

/.,  I,.  )<-f.ur,\.  u:  E.i-t  1 17tl,  Ktr.fU  Tr,  i»  li.  ^17.-.  T        .  Av^:  ur. 

I'luinfKTx.  ;  n.  i:.tt«;riiian.          I-i*'  H'-'t  Street. 

<>t«.  U.  ltn.«n.  li'ilii  St.  .«  >oilrtli  .V*'-  !  Jobii  iliHi..  i.^,.    r'j;rd  Avcuue^ 

I'ailT  *  liilni'lv.  ■2I.!7   I 'lird  At.  UUP.  |                           «i  ii-^    \t'nrk> 

.M(-«nv  )lro«.,  IKS  Ka.T  rjJ,1  f3tr«t.  =                           **  ''^*^    ^*     '^       ' 

Wiu.  a..»^liviliM.  iljl  :  ..irth   \x.-uii»-.  1.  Siiilnan,  !.-<:<  Eairt  12»tb  Street. 


->■ 


♦.  1 


{A 


THE  V/ONDER  OF  HEALING. 


X 


^:^:i^^- 


■■c*-<:•^-, . 


I 


RHBI-UES 
iDflHiuntlonit. 
CUSKS 
Shfiiinatlsin, 

Inphth4>ri^ 
CutArrh, 
Ftinilp  Com- 

luflauip.tl  tyeg, 
Enrju-hc, 
Toott&clio,   A^- 

Price,  50  Cents,   $i.oo  and  $1.75. 

RecomnienJed    by    PI>j'«>!otan«i        L'scd    to    IIonpKal*. 

t"\l  TION.— r;>SD'S  PXTUACT  bas  fc-^n  Miiitat<?;i.  Tbe  geanlue  has  the  wnnU 
•' PO>J)  S  hXri^^CT  "  ''l  wn  in  rU"  i'l'^s,  ;ind  cur  picMr^;  triilc-'nirit  Oi;  surr-iuTidtnif  biff 
wrapp«^r.  Ucae  ottjer  la  g.ui'.ae.  AI-^ayTi  iu-'ist  00  hiyin^  i'tJSD'ri  HXTtt-'-C'T.  Tt.lit  no 
ether  pr^iiaratiou.     It  ir  novf  »nVI  iu  bulk  or  by  measure. 


-■■:;-.-irf:<;f^r.-v 

•-*''05CAPt    TS'Bi.    t'*n'^ 


A 


Hrnorrhiir**. 
CUKF.S- 

Si,rv«,  .Eoik, 
t  leer*.  librD*. 
Si-alds,  l'ilf«. 

of  lu.ccrlt. 


ToIU-t  .lril<rle«. 


Iiti«(ru(u<>utM. 


i.fM. 
15 


Special  lies. 

Ton<-l  Treaui,        .        .    tl.>>>        Tatarrh  Ktiuf  Jy.        .      76        Fmale  S)riau'e. 
Kciitifrlre.        .  .      su        (lialiiif-at,        .        .        .  S'l        Inhaler,  liiibt/er. 

loiioi  Snip,  vl  c'tkeo-    .      Su         rUsf*r.         .  .     Vt  "        UlaNS, 

MpSaUe.  .        .     25        >ir'ilicatv'J  Paper.   .        .'Jo         Na.'ial  S^rijie, 

t<Al>I  US  r«-4ia  :;»fes  1^,  18,  21  aud  2li  iii  "iir  Ni-w  Bc-yV,  whi'-h  LCCirn^aulce  each  butt'eof 
•  'iir  Jjrc-p;ir:iii'j;j8.     )I  v.^u  Jo  i.'(.it  'ntv-;  cue,  it  v,),i  be  tcJit  free  ou  apj'.'lc^LiOb. 

»    Our  Ne.v  Paxphlci  wi;!i  Hiitory  of  our  riep»rutiouh  Srut  FRT".E  on  apj,Ucaiion  Vo 

.    ,  POND'S     EXTRACT    CO., 

It   Wc-I   1  Ji;i  .SI.,  N«w    York. 


HARLEM    FilRNITURR    AND    CARPET    EMPORIUM. 

Geo.  Fenmell  &  Co.,  . 


vC2lcl<2Haif  •uil  B«!taii  I>ra1«;rH  lu 


FURNITURE,  CARPETS 

0»J. Cloths,    Bedding,  Window  Shades,  &c. 

2209  THIRD  AVENUE. 

<3^Cr«;ditfc  10  Halt  &il 


U  .  ^^  E.  F.  IIAK'J7.EY, 

l^/^S^^^^^^      2<^5^     J///i?/}    AVENUE, 

Tr'j^'  Laundry,  Collars  dfc  Ciz/j's  lUeack, 


T.o.if'^....    leii's  FiiriiiElier, 


■  I  ■!  miMiii  r— III  I  -|-»    rf    i-        i 


For  HOilEST  GGODS  at  BOTTOf^  PRiCES 

GO    TO    THH 

Mm  k  f estcloEier  Clolliii  Co., 

THIRD  AVE._&J25th  STREET, 

Satisfaction  Guaranteed,  or  Money  Refunded. 

If   v'u  v.rtut  to  see  u  liirje  Afsoil'uent  of 

CiLL  AT 

HENRY    EABHOBKI'S, 

No.  -J^xO  TRJRD  AVENUE,  Corner  124tli  Street. 
Tit-  rhi!  snif  30U  witli  (luj  style  a  on  TiS'iI. 

FOU  IIUSE    PACKING,  BELTING.  ETC. 

I-Lnat/dl-os^'  C^lOc^.Ii^.ti?^  a?3aoS(G>  UP. 

•Jii>7  Thlr.l  Avenue,  beUctn  ilOth  and  VlOth  Sts. 


»i&aaK>*aaBi«i^i^»>    1    ■—'■r         wr  ■•■f  «  mi n  m^  1  mutm r-ari /jw*-«'j!j.ffrag : 


Lazarus    &    Stender, 

IMl'OUTEKS  A  L>£ALEI18  IN 

■FOREIGN  AND  DOMESTIC  DELICACIES, 
WINE8    AM)    LIQUORS, 


Bel    l'23d  &  12ith  Stt, 


.   f 


-ci 


t,\ 


STJBDUES 
InflHraatiooH 
CURES 
Bhcumatiani, 
Keoraigia, 
Diphtheria, 
Catarrh, 
Female  Com* 
plainta. 


THE  WONDER  OF  HEALING. 

A 


Y 


Earache, 
Tootbacho,   Ac 


COXTEOLS 
HeniorrJiajn>>». 

CUKES 
Wounds. 
Itruis«K,  Cat*. 
SoreK,    Boik, 
rirers,  Burns, 
Scalds,  PUm. 
Bites  &  Stings 

of  Insects, 
Sunhurn, 
(Jhaflugr,  ic 


Price,  50  Cents,  $i.oo  and  ?i.75. 

Recommended    by    Physicians.       Used    In    Hospitals. 

CAUTION.— POND'S  EXTRACT  has  bften  imitated.  The  geQiiiue  has  the  words 
"  POND  S  KXi'KACr  "  blown  iu  the  g'ass,  and  our  pict'ire  trade-marn  on  surrounding  buff 
wrapper.  Noae  other  I3  genuine.  Al.-^ays  iusiat  oq  having  POND'ri  KXTKACF.  T<tke  no 
other  preparation.     It  is  never  sold  in  bulk  or  by  measure. 


Toilet  Articles. 


Specialties, 


Instrunieuts. 


$l.(H» 
].0i» . 
Mi 
•25 


Toilet  Cream,       .        .    $1.00       Catarrh  Keiuedy.  75        Female  Sj rinse, 

I>entlfrice.       ...     50       Ointment,  .       -50       Inlialer,  Uitbber,  . 

Toilet  Soap,  (a  cakes)    .      50         Plaster,         .  .    'in  "        tJlass. 

Lip  >jal?e,  ...     as        Sledicated  Paper,   ,        .  25        Sasal  Sjrlage, 

LADIES  read  pages  13,  18,  21  and  2G  iu  our  New  Book,  which  accomi/ameB  each  bottle  of 
our  preparations.     Ifyo'i  do  not  have  one,  it  will  be  eent  free  on  application. 

»    Our  New  Pamphlet  with  History  of  our  Preparatious  Sent  FRKE  on  appHcatiori  to 

POND'S     EXTRACT     CO., 

14  "%Vest  lllb  St.,  S*-w  York. 


HARLEM    FURNITURR    AND    CARPET    EMPORIUM. 

&  Co.. 


Geo.  P'ennell 


FURNh 


Wholesale  and  Betali  Dealers  In 

,0 


ppTQ 


Oil, Cloths,    Bedding,  Window  Shades,  &c. 

2209  THIRD  AVENUE. 

"Credits  to  salt  all 


E  F.  HAKTLEi, 


>^;      ■''Wl^^      ^^^^^     THIRD    AVENUE, 

'^  ^^^SIwISB^^  Bet.  12Sth  and  127tli  Sts.  West  side. 


Tioy  Laundry,  Collars  &  Cuffs  He  each. 


For  HONEST  GOODS  at  BOTTOM  PRICES 

GO   TO    TH^- 

Harlei  &  ffestcliester  ClotMi  Co., 

THIRD  AVE._&J25th  STREET, 

Satisfaction  Guaranteed,  or  Money  Refunded. 

If  you  AVAut  to  see  a  large  At^kortment  f>f 

C4LL  AT 

HENRT    ZABINSKIS, 

\o.  22R0  THIRD  AVENUE,  Corner  124th  Street. 
He  can  suit  you  with  auy  style  yon  want. 

FOll  HOSE    IWCKING,  BWLTING,  ETC. 

01O£ibllLf5,  1@1*50  UP. 
•JliiT  Thud  Avenue,  between  il9th  and  120th  Sts. 

Lazarus    8z:    Stender, 

IMPOKTEUB  A  DEALERS  IN 

FOREIGN  AND  DOMESTIC  DELICACIES,^/ 
WIN  EH    AM)    LIQUORS, 


Bet    123d  k  I2^tb  Bts 


J<JN  2  3  J971